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N  THE  CUSTODY  OF  TME 

BOSTON     PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 


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NILES^ 


WEEKLY  REGISTER. 


CONTAINING 


POUTICAL, 
HltTOaiCAL, 
GEOGRAPHICAL, 
SCIENTlFiCAL, 


ASTRONOMICAL 
STATISTICAL, 

AND 

BIOGRAPalCAL, 


DOCUMENTS^  ESSAYS,  AND  FACTSj 


TOGETHER  WITH 


NOTICES  OF  THE  ARTS  AND  MANUFACTURES,  AND  A  RECORD 
OF  THE  EVENTS  OF  TtlE  TIMES. 


H.  NILES,  EDITOR, 


ffcBc  olim  meminlsse  juvahlt. — ViRGit,^ 


WRO^  SEPTEMBER  1815  TO  MARCH  1816-~V0L.  1^- 


BJLTIMORE: 

PAINTED  AHD  rUBLrsHED  BT  THE  BDll«lj 

at  rte  JFrankItu  IPtcsa, 

JrO,  29,  SOOTH  CAtySJIT-STBEBT.  ,        *f" 


t 


^nHx  u  tu  ^i«tf5  "^^mm^* 


Admirals  proposed  526 

Agriculture,  Isaac  Briggs'  essay 

upon  389 

^l^ev — various  notices  of  the 
,    things  belonging  to  the  war 

with  15,  2,0,  43,   75,  104,  120, 
135,  203 

defeat  of  her  fleet  16,  107 

Irish  remaiks  upon       199 

Canadian  do.  204l 


Bemadotte  431 

Berthier,  fate  of  27 

Biography  of  gov.  Tompkins  245 
Bishops,  the  English  19 

— : 's  fund  at  Boston  260 

Blind  woman  restored  to  sight  452 
Blucher,  marslial's   account  of 

his  battles  with  Bonaparte     20; 
letter  to  Davoust  102 


Blue  lights 


Capttu-ed  slaves  78 

Carnot    and  Fouche   168 — see 

French  affairs. 
Carthagena  (S.  A.)  104,  202,  404, 
420,  429,  451 
— privateers,  remarks 

iipon  215 

Carrol,  archbishop,  dies  260 

-Casan,  dreadful  fire  at  300 


Bonaparte — see  French  affairs; 
Decatur's    letters  30,  2031  Joseph  at  N.  York      44 

Bainbridge's  do.  204;  of  Bounty  lands — sur.  general's 
his  squadron  216,  244,  299  notice  15;  war  office  regula- 
piivateletters203,206,284      tions  36,  303 

reported  dissatisfied  299, |  Bourbons,  tlie  family  of  38 — 

see  France,  Spain,  Jce. 
Brazils,  the  430 

Bridge,  at  M'Call's  ferry         200 
Briggs    Isaac,    his    esssaj     on 
agriculture  and  manufactures 

389 
British. 
Parliament — regent's  speech  4; 
weights  and  measures  119;  sea- 
men seeking  employment  28;  force 
in  Canada  29;  bai-barities  29;  vani 


30  iCass,  gov.  at  Detroit 


24.; 


419,  429 
312,  333 
419 
32 


257 


treaty  with 

Algerine  fleet 

Allen  gen.  AVilliam 

Alligator  caught 

Alsace  devastated 

American  philosophical  society 

185 

squadron  at  Gibraltar  244 

seamen  in  England        115 

ships  as    spoken  of  in 

England  429 

captives  in  Morocco    430 

■  prisoners  in  Carthagena  451 


ty  31  ;   deserters    32 ;  inscription 


Americans  taxed  in  France  258, 

403,  409 
Apple,  large  172 

Appointments  by  the  president 

364,  371 
Appalachicola,  British  fort  at  404 
Arrivals  at  New-York  31,  at  N. 
Orleans  216;  atChaiieston420, 
at  Savannah  430 

Arnold,  Benedict  on  lake  Cham- 
plain  62 
Armstrong  gen.  privateer          134 

gen.  vindicated        425 

Army  of  the  U.  S.  156;  of  the 
peace  establishment  214,  301; 
appropriations  required 
B. 
Bambridge,  com.  at  Gibraltar  299 
Baltimore — battle  monument  at 
29,  75;  inspections  152;  en- 
tertains    Decatur,   316;     ex- 


Cattle  sliows  111,  162,  42S 

Cats  183 

Catliolic  emancipation  133 

Catholics,    the — inconsistency 

respecting  them  210 

Cave,  singular  135 

Ceylon  and  the  legitimates  32,  64, 

166 

missionaiy  to  283 

Celebration  of  Jackson's  victo- 
ry at  Washington  City  388 
Champlain     lake — first     naval 
battle  upon  62;  fortifications 
upon  169 
Chai-leston  152;  shipping  at     421) 
Chemical  manufactures  329 
Chester,  Eng.  trick  at               182 
Chili,  state  of                            407 
Chinese  and  the  British             420 
Church  and  state    19,  55,  57,  283 
Cincinnati,  picture  of  35;  the 

port  of  420 

Clay,  Mr.  151,  186;  at  Lexing- 
ton, 196;  re-elected  214 
Clarke,  Mrs.                      284,  303 
Clark's  naval  tactics  124 
Coal  mine  in  N.  Y.  188 
Cobbett,  Mr.  to  H.  Nilfs  105; 
on  the  defeat  of  the  Algerines 
107;  to  the  people  of  the  U. 
S.    144;    to   emigrants    315; 
the  editors  letter  to      173,  229 


change 


Bank,  national    265,  404 — see 
also  congress 

of  E^^rigliiud  68,  136,  27 

notes,  316;  eld  ones         432 

.  of  Virginia,  case  of  370 


state  of 
Union  of  Xew-York 


Banks  of  Baltimore  and  Boston     o 

acceding  131,  214 

of  Pennsylvania,  state  of  428 

new  proposed  in  X.  Y.     430 


"  AYellington  and  Broke,"  43;  gen- 
tility 43;  outrage  on  lake  Erie  44, 
260;  West  Indies  64;  statistics, 
loans,  &.C.  66;  emigi-ations  to  Paris 
72;  princess  confined  at  N.  Y.  76; 
stocks  76,  103,  168,  197,  211, 
259,  374,  431;  order  in  council 
149,  163;  opinion  on  the  burnhigs 
at  Washington  156;  "kings  regi- 
ment" 168;  assizes  168;  subsidies 
169;  army  169;  national  debt  169, 
235;  troops  in  the  East  Indies  169; 
finances  172,  233,  234;  emblem 
184;  ships  for  Am.  frigates  184; 
navv,  state  of  184;  morality  210, 
284';  India  210;  paupers  252;  un- 
productive laborers  237;  wealth 
296] and  resources  236;  corn  law  248; 

rioters,    seamen    259,    298;   armv  |  Coffin,  admiral 
bills    284;  agriculture   depressed  Columbia  district 
297;    mint,    fire    at   307;    vessels 
captur.ed.     Sic.    323;    treaty    310, 
333;  the,  at  Buenos  Ayres  360;  in 
China  420;  manufactures  423;  curi- 
osities 428;  and  Indians  428;  prize 
money,  distributed  430;  notions  as 
to  emigrants  from  France  432. 
Brown,  gen.  75,  215 

Brougham,  Mr.  163 

Buenos  Ayres,  73,  136,  300 

military  state  of 

260,  406 
the  British  at     360 


Cochranes,  the 

admiral 

lord 


Cockburn 


452 


427 
404 


45 

84 

2S 

43,  78 

171 

281 

Cold  364 

Commerce,  singular  298,  364 

Commis.sioners  of  the  navy       121 

Compliment  immense  4.> 

h&udsome  204 


Buffalo  428 

Bullion,  price  of        103,  200,  210 

Barbary  powers— see  Algiers,  &c.  j  Burgliest,  lord  75 

lord  Sheffield's  remarks  133!  Burrows,  capt.  amonumentto  153 


and  Austria  21o 

resolves   of  the  allied 


powers  respecting 
Barney,  com. 
Barley,  a  great  crop  of 
Ilathurst  lord,  on  emigration 
Beasley,  Mr. 
Bell,  mayor  of  London 
benefits,  theatrical 


C. 


Cadiz,  rich  arrival  at  298 

414  Cameiion,  a  living  430 

135  Canada    112,  152,  168,  172,  202, 

204  299 
309  'Canadian  volunteers  357 — see 
■•16        Coiigresn. 

260  jCanby  midshipman  104 

136^Canvas,  Americad  332 


Convention  wiihG.  B.  310 — see 

C(jn[,-res>!. 
Car.tr;xts  of  tlie   war  depart- 
ment .  407 
Constitution  frigate  331 
Congress  of  the  U.  S.  political 
character  of  t'n^    13th    and 
14th,  31;  Hit  of  the  members 
of  the  14th,  polilicallv  desig"- 
nated                            '             230 

Congress. 
Meets,  chooses  a  speaker,  &c. 
2.53;  president's  message  254; — 
standing  committees  295;  new  hall 
for  295;  petitions  relating  to  ma- 
nufactures 295,  297,  310,  418;  case 
of  Willougliby  ;md  Smith,  conte'st- 
ed  election,  295;  Adams  and  1'^, 
do.  310;  Dartmoor  295,  331, "5^, 
418,434;  appropriation  bills -*^g5; 
lead  mines  296,  297;  salt  ^f\S-\^^i 


9 


INDEX. 


396;  the  militarv  committee  re- 
ports, &c.  297,  o62,  379;  Cliesa- 
peiike  and  Delawai-e  canal  309, 433, 
434;  public  lands  309, 331;  roads— 
JMr.Easton's  plan  309;  military  aca 
demies  310,  330,  331;  British  con- 
vention 310, 330, 346, 348, 361, 379, 
580,,  418,  434,452;  Mississippi  ter- 
ritory  memorial  330;  Constitution 
frigate  331, 348,418, 434;  system  ol' 
bankruptcy  331;  bounty  lands  346; 
Indiana  349;  Mr.  Pickens'  resolu- 
tions 346;  Albermarle  sovmd  346; 
Rational  currency  or  bank  356;  com- 
jneicial  intercourse  348,  419,  434; 
committeeof  ways  and  means,  &.c. 
S54,  362,  363;  treasury  estimates 
for  1816,  357;  Canadian  volunteers 
557,  579,  434,  452;  lieut.  T.  A.  C. 
Jones  361;  Dr.  Tilton361;  colonel 
Lawrence  361;  of  admirals  361,363, 
419;  Argus,  the  brig  361, 434;  ap- 
p^alfrom  the  chair  362;  Wasp  sloop 
of  war,  362;  new  tariff'  362,  363, 
(provisional)  419,  see  secretary's 
letter  propofirg437;  copper  coins, 
Mr.  Root's  ruclion  375,  434;  previ- 
ous question  375;  direct  tax  331, 
S75,  (dtb;ite)  376,  379,  380,  418, 
419,  434;  post-office  379,  418;  in- 
ternal duties  379,  380,  418,  419, 
4.34;  duty  on  salt  379,  433;  de- 
jnaiids  of  Spain  380;  relations  with 
do.  392;  duties  on  imports  363, 
379,  408;  Eastport,  petitions  from 
418;  military  establishment  418, 
419;  ordnance  bill  418,  434;  on  tlie 
j.eriod  of  service  for  senatoi-s  418; 
com.  Kodgers'  case  418,  435;  ship 
owners  iuBaltimore  419;  whiskey 
jt.iT;  419,  .134;  copper  mines  433,434 
—roads  and  canals  433;  banks  in 
tlie  district  of  (;ol. 434;  library  434 
-^of  specie  payments  or  payments 
in  treasun-  notes  434;  Massachu- 
setts amendments  434;  P.B.  Porter 
434,  435;  of  capt.  Biddle  and  the 
Jlornet  435;  relief  of  widows,  &.c. 
436;  deranged  officers  436,  452— 
land  bounty  436;  commiilee  of 
commercii  and  manufactures  re- 
ports 447;  national  university  452; 
gen.  Waslilagtou  452. 
Congress   of  Vienna,  22,    119; 

treaty  at  length  217 

Congi-css  frigate  64 

Ctmgrcssional  library  76 

Connecticut — election  76,  171; 
governor's  speech  193;  legis- 
latvire  332 

Corn  law,  British  248 

Corsetts,  eft'ects  of  210 

Corsica  166 

Cotton — baling  press  187 

..  manufacturers  memori- 

al 189 

• rotting  on  the  ground  202 

■  profits  of  ihc  culture     202 

■ tiie  cultiv;ition  of  349 

,' e.\]Kirtof  351 

. — , Briiibh  imports   of        430 

(t^ouuttrfcits  151 

Greeks — see  Indians. 
;  "#yD;assi»ii"s,  Trench  26 


Gushing,  gen.  244 

Custom-house  receipts  at  N.  Y.  44 

D. 
Dacres,  capt.  64 

Dartmoor  massacre,   letter  to 

the  editor  respecting  18 
prison,  letter  to  Mr.Beas- 

ley  29 

various  facts  154 

a  petition  to  congress       295 

Davis,  Mathew  L.  154 

Dearborn,  gen.  159 

Death,  the  sentence  of  284 

Debt  of  the  U.  States  235  277 
Decatur,  see  »/!//§7'ers  and  215  315 
Delaware  election  152 

Denmark  167;  claims  of  432 

Despotism  403 

Detroit — see  Indians  at,  8t  75  187 

Br.  "right  of  search"  at     104 

affiiirs  at  241 


Dinner  to  Clay  and  Galhtin,  at 
New- York  43 

Direct  tax — valuation  of  Ntw- 
York  206;  Pennsylvania  249; 
North  Carolina  250;  N.  Jer- 
sey 251;  Geor^'iu,  ibid.  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  281;  Virgi- 
ginia  ibid.  Kentucky  ib.  Ver- 
mont 370 — see  congress. 

Drury-lane  theatre  403 

Dutch  fleet  in  the  MediteiTa- 
nean  lo5  208  315 

Dwarf,  a  152 

E. 

Eagle,  a  large  one  killed  216 

Eagles,  numerous  30L. 

Election,  an  uniform  mode  of  349 
Elba  132  166 

Emigration, lord  Batlmrst's 

letter  on  309 

Cobbet's  remarks  upon  314 

of  British  officers  332 

of  the  French  348 

Entcrprize,  the  U.  S.  brig  208 

Epervier,  the  brig  244  298 

Eppes,  Mr.  299 

Erie,  lake,  Br.  outrage  upon       44 

152 

,  ancient  naval  fight  on      113 

Essex    frigate,   lieut.    Gamble 

of  the  29  233 

Evans,  Oliver  his  appeal — ad- 
dendum 1 
Exports  and  imports                  381 
Expenditures,  &c.  Am.  &.  Br.  233 
American — see  receipts 


and  exjicnditures. 
Exchange  on  Paris 

F^litorial  articles. 
The  prospect  before  us 
Ciuu-ch  and  state 
Ceylon  and  ilie  legitimates 
On  the  aifairs  of  Mexico 
To  an  unknown  correspondent 
Address  to  delinquents 
Slicep  and  wool — books 

To  Mr.  Cobbett,  172, 

\\n  uniform  mode  of  election 
lUn  salaries 

)n  manufactures 
'ja  our  relations  with  Spain 


283 


1 

19 


3t) 
137 

137 

2'''y 

355 

363 
405 


P. 

Fish  caught  in  a  jug  156 

Fisheries,  of  the  15-1 

Flaxseed,  sown  in  Ireland         299 
Flag-staft'  at  fort  Niagara  215 

Fleur  de  lys  167 

Floridas,  the  1^7,  200,  214 

essay  from  the  London 


Morning  Chronicle,  respect- 
ing 253 


of  the  season  in  430 

Forgery,  lawful  210 

Flour,  price  of  in  West  Indies  204 
Franklin  74  32 

Freemasons,  the   pope's  order 

respecting  211 

Free-schools  in  S.  Carolina  429 
Freights,  rates  of  at  Charleston  2i6 
French  affairs. 

Proclamation  of  the  king  4,  25, 
163;  commission  of  the  govern- 
ment 5;  ordinances  of  the  king  129, 
163;  privy  council  of  do.  297;  de- 
claration of  the  representatives  5; 
kmg's  speech  212;  answers  to  do. 
259;  anecdotes,  &,c.  of  the  king  70, 
71,  115,  150,  184;  proceedings  of 
the  legislature  6,  212,  259,  3U8, 
374;  Wellington's  letters  6,  8— his 
general  orders  8;  military  conven- 
tion 7;  proscriptions  10,  419,  4o2; 
treaties  169,  307,  372;  arm>  of  the 
Loire  13, 41,  60,  72,  ltJ2, 132;  Blu- 
cher's  letters  20 — his  proceeding* 
41;  of  the  contributions  imposed, 
he.  25, 27, 60, 71,  72,  1 16, 133, 168, 
169,  199,  200,  259,  284,  374;  to- 
reign  armies  25, 116, 168, 197, 209; 
liberty  of  the  press  25,  115;  mar- 
shal Ney  26,  115,  lo6,  182,  210,. 
401,  413,  4ol;  Davoust's  address 
to  the  army  27;  cessions  to  the  al- 
lies, &c.  6u,  197;  naiional  guard  61; 
Talleyrand's  note  71 — and  Foiiche 
151;  Maria  Louisa  72,  116;  mar- 
shal Brune  72,  101;  France  divid- 
ed into  military  districts  by  the  al- 
lies 73,  131;  marshal  Davotist  102; 
marshal  Macdonald  102,431;  Laba- 
doyere  116 — his  trial,  &c.  117, 132, 
167,  210,  258;  marshal  Moncey 
149;  (liis  letter  to  the  king)  410, 
431;  letter  to  the  duke  de  liiclie- 
lieu  414;  of  the  duke  of  Uiche^ 
lieu  431;  report  to  tlie  king  127; 
Spanish  proclamation  128 — letter 
199;  Prussian  requisitions  129, 
307;  Fouche  151,  164;  Nismes, 
massacre  at  164,  283,  307,  37 5i 
Frencii  courtesy  166;  statues  and 
pictures  167;  depredations  168; 
stocks  198,259,307;  ministry,  new 
198;  arms  delivered  up  199;  Car- 
noi  2u9,  258;  allied  sovereigns  210, 
fortresses  258;  Americans  taxed 
in  258,  403,  409  ;  foreign  minis- 
ters at  Paris  259;  liberty  258;  sedi- 
tion act  3U8;  arrests  403;  marshal 
Grouchy  404;  law  of  anmesty  412; 
various  scraps  of  a  miscelluneoua 
character,  too  tedious  tu  descriOe  8, 
9,  14,  25,  40,  61,  70,  72,  115,  131, 
149,  166,  168,  183,  184,  197,  209, 
257,  283,  307,  374, 431. 


INDEX. 


Of  J^apokon  Bonaparte. 
Sotiche's  leiiei-!,  lu,  l65;  atRoclie- 
fon  11;    proceeds  to  the  Bellero 
plion,  ib.;  aiTicdotes  unci  incident- 
while  tliere  12,  13,24,58,  72,  lUl. 
10,5,  13^,  \97;  liis  proch;mation  t(, 
llie  Beli^irtiis  26;    of  iiis    flivorivc 
>l,in.elu'ke  28;    of  his    library  6D; 
hi.   protest  112;  liis   letter   tollie 
p,-iiice  regent  lU,  139;  directions  of 
tlie  Brrush  g-overnmeiit  respectinii; 
SU;    his  baggage  283;  arrives  at 
8;.  Helena  4u2,   413;    presents  to 
him  431;  of  iiis  carriage  ib.\  of  the 
vessel  tliat  was  to  have  carried  him 
from  France  432      See  the  supple- 
jnent  to  the  volume  fur  many  other  in 
ieresting-  facts. 

Bonaparte  family — 13,  131,  168; 
Josepli  44,  1U4;  Jerome  116;  Lu- 
•ien  131. 

'Fulton  the  first,'  see  steam  fri- 
gate and  44,  104 
G. 
Gaines,  gen.  marries  32 
Gule,  dreadful  31,  76,  103 
■  phenomena  of  172 
Giunbie,  lieut.  29,  293 
General  orders  of  the  adj't  and 

insp.  gen.  42,  63,  244 

— —  of  col.  Mitchell  155 

Gennessee  lands  171 

Georgia  elections  244 

.  valuation  of  the  lands, 

houses  and  slaves  251 

-  governor's  message  317 
■ .  wealth  of  the  slate  319 

-  sugar  405,  452 
German  act  of  confederation  14,  22 
Giles,  Wm.  B.  resigns  244 
Goldsmitii's  history,  8ic.  159 
Goodrich,  Chauncey  dies  32 
Gordon,  adj.  gen.  132 
Gratitude  452 
Grenada    New,  supplied   with 

arms  by  the  British  32;  some 

account  of  69,  109 

Grouchy  marshal  4'J4 

Guadaloupe  31,  297,  436 

Gypsies,  English  41 

U. 
Ilarrisburg  300 

Harmony  Society  152 

Harrison,  gen.  at  Frankfort,  K.  452 
Hardy,  Ann  76 

Harper,  Mr.  his  letter  to  Mr. 

Baer  i5\  notice  of  404 

Hartford  convention,  notices  of   3 
155,   452 — list  of  the  mem- 
bers 315 — resolutions  of,  re- 
jected 434,  451 
Health,  at  Wilmington,  Del.       97 

,  at  Charleston  152 

Heat — comparative,  aL  Balti- 
more 91 
Henly,  col.  17 
Hessians,  the  price  paid  for  24C' 
Hillyar,  com.  in  Ch41i  407 
Highways,  trespass  upon  18^ 
Hoax  at  Chester  '  182 
Hoopes,  the  family  of  100,  42iJ 
Human  life,  essay  on  the  pro- 
babilities of  97 
^itaiisiboldt^  baron  his  work         oX 


30 
408 
32,  204 


Huninguen 

ilunier,  an  old  one 
I. 

Impressment,  cases  of 

Imports,  duties  upon 

hidependence  74 

India  167,  169,  183 

Indian  affairs — speech  of  a  Ma- 
ha  chief  29;  at  Detroit  63,  64, 
'75,  216;  prophet  77;  treaty 
with  N.York  103;  eloquence 
112;  tlie  Creeks  42,  151, 187, 
188,  202,  215;  treaties  216, 
23o,  329,  344;  prisoners  299; 
the  Seminoles  4u4;  excited 
by  the  British  428 

Indiana  territory — ^population 
of  171,  186;  salt  works  186; 
legislature,    gov'r's    speech 


351;  memorial 
Influenza,  its  periods 
Inland  navigation 
Inquisition,  murders  by 
Internal  duties 
revenue — extract 

the  Edinburg  review 
improvements 


352 

300 

44 

?07 

277,  369 

from 

428 
143,  429 
Ionian  islands  258,  431 

Ireland,  state  of  the  country      199 

210,  259 
Irish  Catholics  169 

freedom  of  the  press         431 

J. 
Java,  American  frigate  31;  new 

British  309 

J„ckson,  gen.     202,  214,  244,  260 
Jefi'eisoa,  Mr.  his  toast  214 

,    letter  on   manufac- 

451 
162 
164,403 
374 
152 


tures 
Jeflersonian  library 
Jesuits,  of  the 
Jews,  the  German 
Jug,  fish  catiglit  in  a 
K.  ' 
Kentucky — valuation  of  proper- 
ty 281;  governor's  message  318 
Kosciusko,  anecdotes  of  403 

L. 
Labor,  product  of 
Lancaster  Joseph 
Lancastrian  scliools 
Lands,  great  sale  of 
La  I'lata,  the  provinces  of 
Law — cost  of 

Law  case — militia  fines,  judge 
Marslial's  opinion  194 

respeciing  the  right 

213 
452 
172 
430 
163 
136 
397 


188 

204 

84 


134 

10 
35 


of  suffrage 

Lawrence,  a  town  so  called 

Lazaretto,  at  I'iiiladelphia 

Lead  ore 

"Legitimates,"  of  the 

Liglit,  a  tax  upon 

Linen  manufacture 

Living,  on  the  means  and  man- 
ner of  230 

Loans  oftlie  U.S. — see  "treasu- 
ry report"  and  '     .   279 

London,  tiie  mayor  of  260 

Longevity     97,  30'J,  404,  420,  43U 

LKTTEUS. 

To  the  secretary  of  the  navy. 
From  It.  Vicholsoa  of  the  Svren  14 


Qoin.  Decaijyr 


16  Pi'om  capt.  Warrington 
300 

To  the  secretary  of  state. 
From  admiral  Cochrane 

To  the  secretary  of  ivar. 
From  the  selectmen  of  Ston- 
nington 

Jiiiscellaneovg—from 
Napoleon  Bonaparte 
Mr.  Harper  to  Mr.  Baer 
Marshal  Blucher  to  marshal  Da- 

voust  102 

Mr.  Cobbett  to  H.  Niles  105 

To  tiie  editor  on  ventilation  108 
L.Bonaparte  to  theprincessBor- 

ghese  131 

Cardinal  Fesch  to  the  same,  ib. 
Gen.  Brown  to  gens.  Porter  and 

Miller  and  reply  13S 

Gov.  Shelby  to  capt.  Ried  134 

I'alleyrand  and  Fouche  to  the 

allied  sovereigns  151 

Gen.  Pike  to  his  wife  155 

The  pope  to  the  king  of  Spain  164 
Carnot  to  Fouche  and  reply  167 
Mr.  Jefferson  on  the  Taiirino 

cloth  191 

Com.  Decatur  to  the  Neapolitan 

minister  209 

Col.  James  to  gov.  Cass,  replies, 

&c.  241 

Mr.  Jones  to  Mr.Cathalan  284 

To   the    editor   from    Buenos 

Ay res  285 

From  an  English  weaver  285 

Respecting  the  navy  of  tlie  U. 

States — see  "navy" 
Capt.  Gamble  to  com.  Porter     293 
Mr.  Brent,  P.  M.  G.  to  the  se- 
cretary of  war,  295 
To  the  editor  from  Oliio  350 
From  the  secretary  of  the  trea- 
sury on  a  national  bank           365 
From  the  same  on  the  internal 

taxes  369 

To  tiie  editor  from  com.  Perry  381 
Don  Onis  to  Mr.  Monroeand  le- 

l^iy  392 

From  the  secretary  of  thetrea- 
surj-  on  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures 597 
From  the  same  on  tlie  duties  on 

imports  408 

From  the  same,proposinga  new 

tarif}'  437 

Mr.  Lee  to  the  prefect  of  Bor- 
deaux and  reply  409 
Of  the  minis'. cr.s  of  the  allies  to 

Uie  duke  of  Richelieu  414 

Of  R.ttlibone,  lk,c.  on  American 

wool  424 

Mr.  Curtis  on  the  intrigues  of 

the  Brilisli  with  the  Indians  429 
For  letters  from  the  editor  see 

"  Eilitorial  article}." 
Letters  respecting  the  navy — 
see  naval  affairs. 
M. 
Mac  Call's  ferry-bridge  209 

M.ickearot's  memoirs  4.5 

M.tcauly  col.  430 

Macon  :Mr.  299 

Madison,  president  421 

431 


152 

300 
152 

75 
406, 
388 


^}0,  ^jlMag'cc  John,  printer 


<i 


INDEX. 


Mails,  irf  es^ularlty  of  the  389 

Mallet  de  Pau  403 

Mameluke  28 

Manufactories  near  Wilming- 
ton, Del.  94 

desti-oyed 298 

Manufactures — of  cotton  189; 
Taurine  cloth  191;  of  New- 
Jersey  194;  chemical  329 

— Isaac  Brig-g's  essay 

389;  report  of  the  committee 
of  commerce  and   manufac- 
tures 447;  Mr. Jefferson's  let- 
ter 451 
Mara,  madam  184 
'Margai'ot  Maurice  dies              413 
Marshal  judt!;'e,  bis  opinion         194 
Martial  law  in  Canada  404 
Maryland — the  university  of  34 
—election  104,  298,  404;  sta- 
tistics 110;  finances  294;  se- 
nator 348 
Massachusetts,  g^ovemor's  mes- 

saa^e  416;  electioneering-         436 
Memorial  to  congress  from  the 

cotton  manufacturers  189 

Men— the  price  of  240 

Message  of  the  president  of  the 
U.  S.  on  opening  the  session 
of  congress  254 

laying  the  convention 

with  G.B.  before  botli  houses  310 

^  on  our  relations  with 

Spain  392 


320;  Britisli  opinion  of  156; 
Br.  policy  on  the  lakes  290; 
the  reduction  of  the  oflicers 
304;  admirals  proposed  326; 
reports  of  the  secretary        286 
Neapolitans,  restored  by  Deca- 
tur 209 
Nepaul,  in  India         183,  284,  364 
Netherlands,  the  kingdom  of    153 

,  the  bishops  of  283 

New  Grenada  300,  331 

N.IIarapsliire — electioneering  436 
New  Jersey  election  171 

manuf.tctnres  194 

valuation  of,  &C.         251 

govVs  speech   205,415 


of  governor  of  Georgia  173; 

Kentucky  318;  South  Carolina 
358;  Pennsylvania  382;  Ohio 
385;  New-Jersey  415;  Massa- 
cluisetts  416 

Methodists  171 

Metternich,  prince  432 

Mexico — of  the  revolution  in 
33;  some  account  of  69,  75, 
169,299, 348,  364, 403;  an  en- 
voy from  315 
3Iilitia  fints— judge  Blarshal's 

opinion  194 

Mint  of  the  U.S.  358 

■ fire  at  364 

]Miracles  of  king  Ferdinand!  413 
IMississippi  territory'  memorial  353 
Mitchell,  col.  1.75 

Moira,  tlie  earl  of  210 

Money  statistics  3 

found  136 

Morning  Chronicle  252 

Morocco  430 

-Slummey  found  in  Kentucky       77 
Murat  116;  p\it  to  dtatii  in  Na- 
ples 297;  of  his  wife  431,  432 
N. 
Naples,  prolamation  of  the  king  39 
National  Bank.  346,  265;    see 

C07l^7'eSS. 

Naval  courts  14,  156,  215 

battles,  table  of  320 

register  85 

atfairSjOriginal  letters  on  121 

140,^157,  290,  304,326 
Naval  essays,   from  tlie  Coliun- 
bUiii  287,305;  naval  taclicsl24; 
yards     140;    arsenal    151;   dry 
docks  157,  215 

Navy  of  the  U.  S.  75,  8.V,  286, 


Newspapers,  tax  upon  in  Eng.  171 
New-London  151 

New-Orleuns,  commerce  of       216 

occurrence  at  452 

New- York,  penitentiary  76;  ci- 
ty hall  170;  report  of  the 
committee  of  defence  192; 
valuation  and  quota  of  direct 
tax  206;  commerce  244;  pro- 
ceedings in  tlie  legislature 
419,436;  governor's  speech  421 
Niagara  river,  the  islands  in      103 

of  the  battle  of  133 

Niger  river  115,  200 

Niles'  Weekly  Register,  pros- 
pectus 381 
Nicholson's  price  current,  ex- 
tract from  423 
North  pole,  a  proposed  visit  to  228 
North  Carolina, — valuation   of 
lands,  houses  and  slaves         250 

political  character  260 

resolves  of  the  le- 

298 
act  of,  for  electing 


gislature 


electors 


authorizes  a  statue 


of  Waslungton 


proceedings  on  in- 


240 

77 

385 

135 


ternal  improvement 
O. 
Observateur,  extract  from 
Onondaga  propliet 
Oliio,  governor's  message 
O'Coinier  Arthur 
Onis,  don  received  bv  the  pre- 
sident '  316 
Orange,  the  prince  of  432 

P. 
Pauper  statistics  138,  231 

Pay  of  the  officers  of  the  army, 

&c.  ,  "  302 

"Peace-party"  43 

Peacock,  sloop  of  war  188 

Peart,  Francis  o2 

Pendleton  district,  S.  C.  153 

Pennsylvania-election  120, 188,214 

appropriations    for 

improvements  143 

valuation     of  the 

I     lands  and  houses  of  249 

finances  of  332 

I gov.  message  382 

delegation    cele- 
brates Jackson's  victory         388 
right  of  suffrage    436 


Perpetual  motion  l7l 

Peruvian,  anecdote  of  2 

Petion,  president  430 

Plienomena  173 

Piiiladelphia  lazaretto  172 

Pike  general  155 

Pirate,  a  136 

Pittsfield  cattle  show,  &c.  Ill,  162 
Plague,  the  115 

Plattsburg,  celebration  at  7S 

Poland  132,  260 

Poor  rates,  &.C.  138 

Pope,  the  210,  211 

Population  of  the  U.  States  and 

England  230,  239 

Porlier,  gen.  258 

Porter,  com.  his  toast  299 

Portuguese  court  415 

Postage,  Britisn  regulations  of  198 

the  extra  rate  repealed  451 

Pritchard,  Mr.  atNewOrleans  452 
Privateers  at  sea  3^ 

Prices  current — at  Charleston 
75\  at  Boston  75;  London  75, 
133,  150,200,210;  Philadel- 
phia 202,  364;  Liverpool  258; 
Richmond  364;  New  Orleans 
404. 
Prochimation  of  the  president 
of  the  U.  S.  respecting  the 
affairs  of  .Mexico  22;  as  to  set- 
tlements on  public  lands  286 
Prevost,  sir  George  30,  257 

Proctor,  maj.  gen.  197 

"Prospect  before  us"  1 

Prospectus,  tlie  W.  Register  381 
Public  lands  of  the  U.  S.  278 

Quakers,  register  of  death  76 

R. 
Ramsay,Dr.  his  history  151;  tri- 
ol       aJ  of  the  person  who  killed 

9       him  429 

ib.  Rawdon,  lord  case  of  24 

Receipts  and  expenditures,  U. 

Stales  277,  397 

Reid,  capt.  S.  C.  134 

,mai.  his  proposed!)'; story  151 


Report  of  the  conmiittee  of  de- 
fence of  N.  York  192 

annual,  of  the  secretary 

of  llie  treasiu'y  261' 
of   the    committee    of 


commerce  and  manufactures  447 

of  the  secretary  of  the 

navy  286 

of   tlie    committee    of 

ways  and  means  354 

of  the  director  of  the 

358 
404 
213 
299 
27 


l^en 


•y,  Henry 

—  comnnodore 


428 


irunt 
Revenue  of  the  U.  S. 
Right  of  suffrage  protected 
Robertson,  Dr.  in  .VIexico 
Ifoman  statistics 
— ■ catholics,  their  progre.ss 

in  China,  &c.  7^ 

Rome,  liberty  at  259 

Royal  doings  45 

couplings  115 

pol3'gamy  184 

Royalty,  strange  notions  of        431 
Rnmford,  count  his  donation  to 

Cambridge  university  284 

Russian  manifesto  ^2 


UNDEX. 


Vli 


S. 


18 

430 

39 

64 


British,  an  account  of 


Sailor^s  notion  43 

Salt  spring  216,  404 

Salaries  -     _  .  350 

Saratoga  convention  prisoners 
Savannah,  commence  of 
Saxony,  address  of  the  king 
Scotch  sent  to  Canada 
Schuylkill  bridge 
Seamen,  Am.  arrive  in  cartels  244 
Senate  of  the  U.  S.  list  of  and 

period  of  service  427 

Seneca  locks  44 

Servia  168,  198,  297 

Sheep  112;  and  wool  and  books  137 
Sheffield,  lord  137,  138 

Shelby,  gov.  404 

Ships,  ventilatloB  of  108 

the  largest  in  the  world  260 

Ship  timber  332 

Shipwrecks  64,  204 

Sicard,  the  abbe  152 

Slave    trade 


67 — see  British  stocks. 
Stockholm,  failures  at  403 

Stones,  moving  171,  188 

Stonnington,  the    battle    cele- 
brated at  43;  relation  of  the 
affair  at   134;  anecdotes         172 
Storms  in  the  E.  States     103,  172 
4041  Strong  gen.  addresses  the  Vt. 

volunteers  153 

Suffrage,  the  right  of— a  law- 
case  213 
Sugar — improved  process  for 
making  348;  on  the  cultiva- 
tion of  in  the  U.  S.  349;  rais- 
ed in  Georgia  405 
Supplement  to  the  8th  vol.  its 

contents  65 

— - — ■ 9th  vol.  propos- 
ed 285,  382 1 
Supreme  court  of  the  U.  S.      420 
Susquehannah  river,  rise  of       404 
60,  133, 172,  403l  Sweden,  state  of  431 


78 
215 


430 
332 
152 
188 


Slaves  captured 

Slippery  trick 

Small    pox,    British    decision 

respecting  44;  cases  of 
Smuggling 
Snake,  extraordmary 
Snow  in  Canada 
Somnambulation 
South  America— see  JVh:t'-Grrt- 

nada,  Buenos  Jlyres,  &c.  and 
169,  170,  187,  260,  300,  404 

British  trade  to     209 

■  inoome«   of  indivi- 

duals in  307 

Spanish  ci-uelty  in  364 

Soutli  Carolina— Pendleton  dist 

153;  governor's  message  o5'^ 


Swedish  navy  172 

Switzerland — note  to  the  di€t 

and  reply  39;  affairs  of  102; 

regulations    in    respect     to 

French  emigrants  260 

Syren,  the  late  U.  S.  brig  14; 

Kent.  Nicholson's  letter,  &c.  433 


free  schools 


Tariff,  the  new — see  congress 

and  436, 437 

Taurino  cloth  191 


Telegraplis 


171,  244 


of  370;  resolves  on  internal  im- 
provement 229;  board  of  public 
works  451;  honors  her  sons  dis- 
tinguished in  the  late  war  452 
Vermont  election  44,76,120,151, 
171;  volunteers  153;  gover- 
noi''s  speech  177;  valuation  of  370 

W. 
Wales,  the  princess  of  132 

"War  on  the  ocean"  320 

War  office  contracts  404 

AVashington  74,  298,  429 

Washington  city — improves  136; 
of  the  canal  170;  on  the  burn- 
ingof  156;  rising ofthe  capital  171 
Wasp,  the  U.  S.  ship  298,  364 

Wasp  and  Avon  155 

Water  melons,  large  47 

Waterloo — Britsh  loss  at  26,  184 
Blucher's  accounts  20;  hor- 
rors of  the  battle  23;  Dutch 
ai)d  Belgian  loss  61;  Prussian 
loss  7o;  aggregate  loss  184; 
scraps  respecting  ib.;  prince 
regent  of  England's  procla- 
amation  respecting  74 

Water  spout  77 

Wealth  and  resources  of  the  U. 

States  337 

Webb,  Christiana  42tf 

Weights  and  measures — bill  in 

parliament  119 

Wellington,  the  duke  of  72 

his  plate  restored  166 


Tennessee  election  75  120  I'^l  179 

governor's  message    179 

■  260 

136 

59,  139 

299, 332, 430 


lesjislature 

Theatrical  benefits 
Themistocles 


Spain— state    of  73,  431,  432;  re- 
lations of  the  U.  S.  with  392,  405 


429  Tobacco,  price  of 


the  kings  miracles 


Spanish  patriots  26,  181,  210, 

213,  2a» 
■'  Jesuits  27 

— i 80  gun  ship  blown  up    32 

«  colonies,    see   Mexico, 


Tompkms,  gov',  biographiclial 
memoir  of  245 

4131  Treasury    report — the    annual 


a  township  socal!e;4  452 

West  Point,  an  account  of  the 

academy  at,  &c.  17,  58 

West  Indies,  British  64 

Whale  fishery  216 

Wilkmson,  gen.  stricture/j  up- 
on his  defence  42-5 

,  pension  to  by  the 

state  of  Maryland  436 

— .memoirs  of  151 


261;  estimates  for  1816, 
notes  issued,  &.c. 


South  America,  &c. 

" remonstrance 

proclamation 

— —  change  of  ministi-y 
impudence 


318 

128 
259 

430 


Specie,  on  tlie  export  of  16,  31; 
imported  215;  price  of  258, 
see  price's  current. 

- — ■ arrival  of  at  Cadiz  403; 

payments  resumed  404 
Speaking,  cost  of  430 
Speech  of  the  gov.  of  N.  Y.      420 
Squirrel  hunt  136 
Stage  consumed  by  fire              452 
Steam — ships    76  ;    boats  152, 
171;  engines  77;  power  260; 
frigate  see  "Fulton"  and  168, 
198;  navigation  171;  proposed 
on  the  lakes  428 
St.  Helena  59,  166 — see  Bona- 
parte. 
conversation  respect- 
ing 118 
Stocks,  American  202;  prices 
of  in  Eaglanid                        374 


>0i 

278 
Treaty  between  G.  B.  and  U.  S.  16 

— Louis  and   the 

allies  169,  307,  372 

preliminary  withFrance  307 

commercial  between  the 

U.  S.  and  G.  B.         310,  333,  35'J 

—between  the  U.  S.  and 

Algiers  312,333 
with  the   Indians — see 


Wihuington,  Del.  an  account  of  94 
Winter  at  Quebec  280;  in  Sibe- 
ria 300;  in  Florida 
Wives,  harmony  of 
Wool,  imported  into  England 
American  do. 


Wolf  hunt 

Woman,  a  very  tall  one 
a  remarkable  one 


Wood,  price  of 


Y. 


34 
136 


"Indian  treaties" 
Treaties    between    the  allies  414 
Tripoli,  see  Algiers — fleet  of   283 
Tunis — see  Algiers 
Tjthes,  57,  135,  171,  236 

U. 
University  of  Maryland 

V. 
Valparaiso 
Valuation  of  the  U.  S.  and  G 

oo--    oil 

Ventilation  of  ships  108 

Venezuela  299,  404, 430 

Vessels,  British  and  American 

captured  320 

Virgin  carried  off'  430 

Virginia — western  152;  valua- 
tion of  property  in  281;  finan- 
ces of  282,  358;  bank,  the  case 


430 
228 
112 
424 
430 
76 
300 
364 

Gl 


B. 


York,  the  duke  of 

in  Upper  Canada,  refuta- 
tion of  the  falsehood.^  re- 
specting the  destruction  of  159 

York  river  215 

Yeas  and  Nays,  in  congress,  on 
the  bill  to  c^iriy  into  eti'ect 
the  convention  witli  <t.B.  391,434 

on  the  double  duties 

36i,  418 

—  on  the  duties  on  salt 

379,  433 

on  the  Direct  tax       418 

in  respect  to  the  pe- 
tition on  belialf  of  ihe  officers 
and  crew  ofthe  Argus  434 

on  tl'.e  furniture  tax  435 

Z 

ZimsfteriaaD,  dies  75 


NILES'  WEEKLY  IIEGIISTEB._ 

No.  1  OF  VOL.  IX.]  KALTLMOTIE,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  2,   1815.         [whole  no.  209. 


Hac  oliiii  me-minism^  jiivabit. —  VtiiniL. 


PRIXTEIt  AND  pIjBLISHEU  B  If  H.   JflLES,  N0.,'?9<   SOUTH  CALTF.nT-STHEr.T,  AT   g5  PER  ANjrUM. 


The  editor  lias  the  pleiisure  to  oJi'er  this  first 
number  of  the  9t]i  vol.  printed  on  a  beautiful  new 
tvpc  of  .American  manufacture.  It  is  witli  pride  we 
iiiake  the  declaration,  that  the  printing  business  of 
the  United  States  is  completely  independent  of  the 
old  world  for  its  materials. 

It  may  be  well  again  to  mention,  that  the  supple- 
ixr.fir  FOR  THE  eighth  volume  is  nearly  finished,  and 
will  be  forwarded  (to  those  who  have  ordered  it) 
with  the  index  for  that  volume,  in  about  or  less  than 
two  weeks.  Those  who  wish  it,  will  please  to  pay 
the  editor's  agents  for  it  at  the  time  they  settle  for 
the  present  year's  Register  in  advance.  The  sup- 
plement contiiins  a  very  great  mass  of  ciu'ious,  en- 
tertaining and  important  tilings. 

The  prest-.it  sheet  will  be  found  to  have  an  imu- 
sual  quantity  of  important  matter.  The  grand  dra- 
ma in  Europe  iia.s  nearly  closed;  but  some  suppose 
it  may  again  be  opened"  with  events  as  astonishing 
as  any  tliat  have  yet  occurred.  The  devalls  be- 
longing to  things  past  have  latterly  mono])olized  oiu' 
pages  so  as  to  forbid  tbe  insertion  of  arLicles  Ihat 
we  are  more  pleased  to^  lay  before  our  readers.  If 
■Uie  llEoisTEfi  may  lose  .some  of  its  usvfulncss  as  a 
book  of  rcfereiici',  by  the  calm  of  the  world,  tlic 
editor  is  satisfied  lie  can  render  it  much  more  intk 
BESTrN(;,  to  the  generality  of  his  subscribers,  as  a 
periodical  paper  •  To  do  wliich,  he  has  a  very  ample 
fetock  of  original  and  selected  matter.  And,  indeed, 
the  task  is  also  easier  to  make  up  half  of  the  slieet 
with  ai-ticles  from  manuscript,  than  to  labor  tiirough 
the  tens  of  thousands  of  reports  and  paragraplis  of 
the  newspapers,  to  keep  up  and  preserve  a  cliain  of 
facts. 


"The  prospect  before  us." 

It  IS  so  much  the  custom  for  editors  of  works  like 
this,  to  make  an  occasional  stop,  and  hold  a  little 
familiar  chat  with  their  patrons,  that  I  might  be 
Supposed  to  want  due  respect  for  the  nuTaerous  rea- 
ders of  the  Weekly  Reblstek,  if  1  were  to  omit  an 
obsei'vauce  of  it. 

The  existing  state  of  things,  as  well  as  the  "pros- 
'■pecA  before  us,"  is  most  happy  £)r  the  American 
people.  The  republic,  reposing  ox  The  j.auuels 
OF  A  GLonious  war,  gathers  the  Hica  harvest  of 
AN  HoxoHABLE  PEACE.  Every  \\her&  the  souud  of  the 
axe  is  heard  opening  the  forest  to  the  sun,  and 
claiming  for  agriculture  the  range  of  the  buffalo. — 
Oiu-  cities  grow  and  towns  rise  up  as  by  magic; 
commerce  expands  her  proud  sails  in  safety,  and 
the  "striped  bunting"  floats  with  majesty  over 
every  sea.  The  busy  hum  of  ten  thousand  wheels 
fills  our  seaports,  and  the  sound  of  tiie  spindle  ahd 
the  loom  succeeds  the  yell  of  the  savage  or  screech 
of  the  night  ov.i  in  tlie  late  uildemessol' the  interior. 
The  hrdofth,'.  soil,  who  recently  deserted  the  plough 
to  meet  tlie  enemies  of  his  country  on  its  threshold, 
and  dispute  the  possession,  has  "returned  in  quiet 
to  his  fields,  exulting  that  the  republic  lives,  and  in 
honor!  The  hardy  hunter,  whose  deadly  rifle  lately 
brought  the  foeman  to  the  earth,  has  resumed  hi"s 
§J?merlife,  and,  in  ,the  trac^fl^ss  forest,  employs  th 
Vol.  l-^l  ■        .   I.    . 


same  weapon,  witli  unerring  aim,  to  stop  tlie  fleet 
tleer  in  his  course.  Plenty  crovvTis  the  works  of 
peace  with  abur.dance,  and  scatters  from  her  cor- 
nucopia all  the  good  tilings  of  this  life,  with  prodi- 
gal Ijounty.  A  higli  and  iK.norable  fcelin"-  gene., 
rally  prevails,  and  th!>  people  begin  to  assume  more 
and  moie,  a  NATIOXAL  CHARACTER;  and  to 
look  at  home  lor  the  only  means,  under  Divide  good- 
ness,  of  preserving  their  religion  .-md  liberty—with 
all  the  bl-ssings  d^at  flow  from  their  inujstricted 
er.jo\-me;it.  I'lie  'bulwark'  of  these  is  in  the  sane- 
tuy  of  their  i)rlnciples,  and  the  \  iptue  and  valor  of 
tliose  \vho  profess  to  love  them;  and  need  no  gua- 
rantee from  the  bl9cd-stain-:d  ai-.(;  jirofligate  princ- 
es and  powers  oi'F.ioope.  Afoi-ality  and  good  ordtr 
ever  pre\  ail.-;.— canting  hypocrisy  has  but  fnv  advo* 
cates,  for  the  Great  Architect  of  tlie  \miverse  s 
wursliippedoiithe  altar  of  men's  hearts,  in  the  way 
that  each  believes  most  acceptable  to  Hist— undi- 
rected by  the  ministers  of  the  "c-\il  one,"  in  the 
shape  ofinqiddtorn  ov gfjvermnfat  priests.  The  great 
body  of  theclerg\'of  the  United  States  are  really 
"ambassadors  of  Chvist,"  of  moral  lives  and  virtuous 
deportment;  and  the  people,  to  whom  thet/  are  ame- 
nable, liherally  su;.,TOrt  tjiem  hi  tliese  good  disposi- 
tions. All  sects  unite,  each  in  theu-  own  \va\-,  irt 
love  and  unity,  to  seek  the  hidden  treasure,'  and 
raise  the  grand  an thon  of  "holiness  to  the  Lord'* 
when  they  find  it  in  a  conscience  at  ease.  No  man 
has  a  preference  over  another  because  he  is  sup- 
posed by  the  la-Lt)  to  worshi))  fioj»  more  f'orrectly 
than  his  neighbor.  No  man  iscomjjelled  to  contri- 
bute to  th.e  support  of  a  sect  that  his  own  sense  of 
reason  does  not  approve.  Eveiy  one  is  free  to  pur- 
sue what  course  he  pleasc/s  m  civil  or  relifioud 
matters,  provided,  only,  iie  observes  the  rules  laid 
dow  n  to  preserve  order  and  the  moral  law. 

A    practical   proof  of  tlie   advantages  of  these 
things    was  foimd    in  tlie  god-like  HU.\[.4XITY  of 
the  soldiers  and    seaitien  of  the  United  States,  in 
tlie  late  war.     Determined  to  conquer,  they  seemed 
in  tlie  strong  metaphor  of  the  late  general    Wayne, 

ready  to   pursue   an  enemy  to  the  "gates  of  h '* 

but   cqiiaily  willing  Xo    risk    every  thing    to  pre- 
serve tho.se  v>ho  submitted,   even  though  they  Jiad 

been  cinauclateho^ the  iomnhawh  and  sculping hvAfe 

villains    that    piu'chased   the    bloody  trophy  torn 
from  tlie  heads  of  rjorLiii  and  cldldrt/i-'     \Vlien  al 
have  so  \\  ell  deserved  a  ci-own  of  gl'^ry  for  the  prac- 
tice of  tills  lieavenly  quality,  a  lutJce  of  particular 
cases  may  appear  Inv  idious  and-^just;  but  the  for- 
bearance of  tlie  g-allant  A'ejitu^"^"'^'  i^o  tlio  individu- 
als o{' Frocior' n  ainiy,  who  1*^'^  recently  been   silenf 
spectators,  if  not  accomp*^"^^,  in  the  massacre  and. 
burning  to  deatli  of  tLc^i^^llowGitiircns  at  the  river 
liuista;  !,.nd  of  th  c -i^"''^  of  the  Hornet,   who,   hot 
from  the  fight,  an  ■  v«'i  the   shout  of  victory  stil! 
on  their  iips,  ru-'^'^^  ^"^»^  cianger  to  rescue  the  crew 
of  the  Pcflcoc'^'^"'' '^^y-'i'-^'O'  grave,  in  doing  M'liicli 
three  of  c-    ''"^'■''^  ^^^'ov/s  perished!  nor  was  tliis 
all-for  t- ^  sti-.,,ped  themselves  to  clothe  tlie  nak-- 
cd  prij.  ^'^■''   ■J^'li«  l'«J  not  time  to  save  any  thin- 

f-'4:Ld  ■''       s'-'iT^'  "^'  most  distfiiguisl?. 

eAid^mi  f T     "''   *'""^''  •''"^    t^'e    more   re. 

^ulant  from  the  opposite  conduct  of  t!ie  B-n^k 

-wjiose  general  proceedings  hnre  be^n^^^lfeefsj 


2       iflLSS'  WEEKLY  RE<iISTEIl— SATDRDAY,  SEPTEMBER  2,  1815. 


an  Al^erine  i;ibcnsibilhy  ^o  the  siifTering-s  oi"  ihose  farmers  «!'  the  Uniteil  States,  on  ?n  averag-^,  ve-* 
V  ho  .,nh:-ppm  jVli  in  their  power.  A^  one  case,  ceive  as  much  Hione}' for  urticlcF  miamfiicturcd  ut 
the  jj,-ener'jus,  dying-  Luwi'cnve,  w.is  refiued  a  drop '  tlieir  own  l\on.se.s,  ovei-  and  iihove  what  they  require 
of  hi.s  ov.n  wir.e  lo  moisten  Ids  pa.'cUed  lips,  and; of  them  for.  their  own  wants,  as  tiiey  expend  i^)r 
cheer  the  List  iitviigg-les  of  expiring  nature.*  |  others  of  a  foreig-n  prodnct,     Tliis  is  a  jjv;md  af- 

Sach  are  among  the  inestimable  blessings  that;  far;  and  tliose  wlio  know  some  of  the  ficts,  will  not 
ti6\v  from  a  fi  ee  consLitution.  ^L.iy  heaven,  in  mer-  j  esteem  it  vmrcHsonable  to  s:.}-,  tluit  the  stores  iri  tlie 
c-y  to  mankh'.d,  preserve  it  as  an  example,  and  take  |  city  of  l^alt  iniore  dispose  of  domestic  I'ooils  to  the 
ciir  beloved   country  inij  its  ch.Erj^e  as  the  peima-  value  of  a  million /^tT  annwn — tlie  like  j^xneral  cha- 


vent  asylum  fjr  Uie  oppressed  of  all  nations — as  a  ci- 
ty of  refiig'e  wi'.ere  tlie  we:iry  may  find  repose;  ac 


racter  and  quality  of  whicli  must  have  been  looked 
for  abroad  ei.cclit  or  ten  years  ag-o.     And  so  it  is  in 


kllo^v•l editing' no  cha-ono  but  tliat  of  the  C'iu;ator  of  |  other  parts  of  the  United   States.     It  is  tn'e,  we 


all  tUinj^s  ;-j-  yieklinjj-  to  no  law  not  built  upon  the 
public  will. 

Tiie  progress  of  o;ir  country  in  pc>pulaticn,  wealth 
and  resources,  is  witiioiit  parallel.  The  census  of 
IS^Li  will  give  us  r.ot  less  than  ten  millions  of  peo- 
ple; of  which  a  hu'ge  and  unexpected  portion  will 
be  found  westward  of  tiie  .i!iVt_£;-<.''.'i.vs,  having  emi- 
grated from  the  east — with  a  tripled  proportion  of 
v-  e.d'h  a;;d  rcsonr&cs  compared  with  what  tliey 
were  in  1810,  the  "cahmiities  of  the  war,"  notwith- 
etanding.  I'iie  g-reat  ease  with  which  a  liveliliood 
is  obtained  in  tiie  rejjublic,  will  continue  alike  hi- 
crease  of  the  i'lv^t  for  many  g- en  c  rat  ions';  and  the 
others  Vviil  go  on  with  ag-ecmietrical  i-atio.  And 
iviuch  assistar.cc  to  eaejvmay  be  expected  from  war- 
v.'orn  Europeans,  seeking  a  pkice  of  rest  from  op- 
pression and  ciuiins.  It  m  listidl y  possible  to  ima- 
gine  \',itli  i^'.y  dog-ree  of  ceriai^.y,  tlic  value  annu- 
ally ci-euieii  by  the  re-ceiitly  apohCil  industry  of  the 
people  to  riAM'i-.vcxritKS,  aided  by  the  wrious  la- 
bor-saving maciiinery  adapted  to  large  inslitutions 
or  hou'^ekold  e^^tuLlidhments.  Me  ;ire  friendl}-  to  the 
Jbrmer  to  a  given  extent,  but  it  is  on  the  latter  that 
we  chlerty  reiy  to  accomji'iish  a  sublime  indtpen- 
dence  uf  tliC  new  world.  'I'lie  one  is  liable  to  ob- 
jections as  to  healih,  monds  and  intelligence  [the 


have  latterly  received  vast  quantities  of  foreign 
gooits,  so  that  ]jeriiai)s,  and  ]n-ob;-bly,  the  whole  re- 
venue accniing  in  the  year  181.5,  ma}'  amount  Xofov' 
til-five  millions  of  dollars,  the  duties  being  doubledj 
as  they  are;  but  the  coulUry  w  as  completely  exhaust- 
ed of  many  things  which  the  nti^ional  industiy,  di- 
verted by  other  objects,  was  }et  incompetent  to  sup- 
ply; and  besides,  with  the  jjrogress  of  Vv^enlth,  there 
is  also  a  progressive  demand  made  by  luxury,  f;ir 
beyond  tlie  real  v>ants  or  mere  conveniences  of  a 
people. 

A  reduction  and  general  modification  of  the  cx- 
ibthig  duties,  as  well  as  a  relinquiihmcut  of  all  the 
indu'ect  taxes,  is  expected  at  the  end  of  a  yea.r  af- 
ter tire  close  of  the  war;  hut  still,  the  national  in- 
come will  amply  supply  all  its  wants,  and  diminisli 
the  piil)lic  debt  as  fast,  perhaps,  as  true  policy  may 
retpiire;  for  the  national  securiiits  present  "us  with 
a  medium  of  commerce  as  ^^■ell  forcig-n  as  domestic, 
tliat,  it  is  possible,  miglit  be  too  suddenly  with- 
drawn. Tiiat  is,  supposin.g  we  sluill  have  peace,  of 
which  there  is  the  happiest  prospect,  in  the  late 
news  received  of  a  commercial  treaty  being  signed 
with  linghind,  tlie  nation  most  likely  to  involve  us 
in  w  ar.  13ut  the  demand  for  foreign  manufactures 
will  be   small  comoared  wiih^wliat  it  v>ould  have 


suui  of  liberty]  and  ma\^  also  be  productive  of  a  I  been,  if  the  o;Y/er«  and  (/ccj-e^fs  of  the  late  belligerents 

state  of  dependence,  that  the  other  is  free  from;  and  had  not  driven  us  hito  the  idea  of  being  indepen- 

jby  ineaus  of  the  time  of  women  and  cinidren,.unpro-  dent  of  tiiem.     It  is  not  less  easy  to  abandon  habits' 

fitabK  loit  six yeai's  since,  nov.' gives  a  value  to  tJic I  that  do    "vcrii  well""'  than   adopt  others   with  tltc 

pros]5ect  of  doing  so.     A  gejieral  spirit  for   manu- 
facturing \vas  got  up  witli  great  didicuity,  and  can- 


^e-.Ki.d  stock  of  wealth  of  not  less  tlian  30  or  40 
n.illions  of  dolitu-s  a  y  eiu*.  7V»'9  /.v  a  clear  gain  to  the 
eoiiutri' — not  to  speak  of  the  multitude  of  large  ma- 
nufactories of  cotton  and  wool  spread  over  the  Uni- 
ted States. 


not  now  be  laid  aside  without  immense  exertion  and 
sacrifice.     The  money  that  has  been  invested  in  our 
vari(nis    branches    of  manufacture,    including   the 
I  believe  it  may  now  be  fairly  calculated  that  the  'rearing  o^shcep  and  cultivation  of  the  cane  to  make 

-   ■  '   ■  ■ ■ — —!  sugar,  witl'.in    tlie  last  8  or  10  years,  and  nov,-  em- 

pjuyed  in  tliem,  f^ir  exceeds  that  occupied   by  fo- 
reign trade.     And  happily  it  is  so;  for  if  the  weight 


*i  give  it  as  a  deliberate  ophiion,  Ihat  tlie  IViiiish 
character,  as  exhiljited  by  tlie  oiKcers  of  the  armv 


and  navy,  is  more  barliarous  and  cruel  th.tm  that  o'fjof  "the  power  of  the  ""legitimates"  of  I'^urope  shall 
any  other  people.  See  tlic  Weeklx  Iuijgistf.u,  in  a'  settle  the  people  down  into  the  calm  of  despotism, 
thousand  pliitf^,  for  the  evidence  on  wjiich  tliisUtJida  general  ])eace  lasts  for  five  years,  the  s/dp- 
opinion  is  toan(<;d — see  even  the  cases  whiclv  ncci-lping-  interest  of  the  United  States,  now  or  recently 


dentally,  and  in-ourse,  :u-e  st;..ied  hi  tlie  present 
sheet,  page  14     -T-e  these  wretches  "the  Itrdwurk 


of  or!!  religion.'  ^^\_  me  never  see  heaven,"  said 
the  Penn'ianto  the  mU(i„ij-,rr  Spaniards  tliat  deso- 
Lit ed  his  coimtry,  W'.l  \\.(,  ^v^j.p  exhorting  liiin  to 
tuiti  Chri-'.tiiin,  "'ij  2t  be  fit^d\.,-//,  g^^./^  men.'"  And 
perish  th.e  religion,  s:iy  1,  t-v at .,,,.;, ^  protection  in 
»-ivers  of  iiuman  tlood,  and  hc,^.^^^^  ^^^-^^ 

-jllow  magniacent  :uid  ;ippropnX  ^^..^^  .,,g  i^,^^^ 
that  strike  us  from  a  considcraaon  >.  ^j^^  follow 
ing  words,  with  which  tlierevciead  <. 
commenced  his  address  to  the  throne  o^  '^  ;' 
the  h.iopv  occasion  of  layhig  the  corner  sk^  j  "  ' 
nienttu  be  erected  to  liie  memory  ot  /*  ftv,    ' 


V- 


-Qitonui 

■toti,  i]i.  Jiatli'inore: 

"Sov>n»>:iiiX  OP  NATIONS,  who.te  throne  is  the   oii\ 

fhroiie  before  -wh 

v.-e  know  our  i  .  _ 

<bee  homage,  iV5  «w  mvu^Tf  u.  o^  judge  and  o-#: 


ciig'agcd  ht  trading  with  tliat  jmrt  of  the  world  and 
its  c<>lonies,  will  suffer  a  diminution  of  40  (n- 50 /^ei* 
cent,  and  the  demand  for  some  of  our  nK;st  valuable 
;uid  l-.ulk}'  stiqile  articles  of  agriculture  will  be  ex- 
ceedaigly  reduced.  The  fact  is,  we  had  a  great 
deal  more  of  the  commerce  of  the  world  than  our 
.jiare,  as  they  who  would  have  sold  every  honorable 
feeling  to  England  for  a  miserable  ])art  of  it,  will 
soon  ascertain  But  this  is  of  little  consequence  to 
the  bulk  of  the  people;  who  wotdd  rather  have 
peace  and  quietness  tlian  Boston  memorials,  insur- 
rection resolutions,  or  Hartford  convemionn. 

In  the  general  prosperity,  we  behold  the  downfal 

of  that  faction  which  would   liave  made  a  common 

J  interest  with  t!ie  British,  durnig  the  late  war — a  fac- 


OP  :.AT,oNS,  -7-7..'"7"V     ';:,;" Vion  that,  for  the  profiigacy  of  ^Is  proceedings,  all 
^ach  our  free  repubhc  L>nvs  n    srlf  £  -  e  Jnsidered,  stanck  ^v  ii  hour  precedent^:a  f^ic- 

own  hearts,   it  ,s  '^"^^^'^,"^'^^^;,^„^.rSllat  would  have  raised  itself  to  power  on  the 


'Ler 


<?' TT?/;  algne"  says  Frsnkliu. 


i^lLES'  T^EEKLt  REGISTER— MONEt  STATIStlCS',  ^ 


ferolcftn  fai^rM  of  tJic  union!  It  falh  as  its  coimfi'i/  rises 
i-^tlie  stability  of  tlie  republic  is  arse?uc  to  its  hopes 
and  wishes.  Miserable,  in  the  honoraijle  result  of 
the  war;  miserable,  that  Great  Britain  did  hnt  rc- 
rliice  us  to'"iri:rr,i!(li/ioiial  submi^-non" — miserable, 
that  M\:  .Madison  was  not  "dfp'j.icd"  hv  a  foreign 
J'oi'ce;  niisei'ablc,  tliat  they  are  despised  by  the  peo- 
ple they  wonld  liave  g-iven  soul  and  body  to  serve; 
miserable,  t!iat  t'ley  are  lau.u-hcdat  bj- all  \\-ho  con- 
sider them  too  conteni[)tiijle  for  serious  rebuke — 
they  drink  the  very  <lreg-s  of  this  cup  of  mortihca- 
tion,  but  alxer  their  ways  witli  bitterness  and  curs- 
■ing-s.  These  men  had  no  pride  in  the  narne  of  an 
.iwricav,*  and  it  may  be  rig-ht  to  treat  them  as 
ialiem  when  we  speJc  of  tlie  alTairs  of  the  republic. 
IJut,  if  they  must  be  cooKidcred  ar.  of  our  people,  we 
have  the  satisfiction  to  .'■•ay  that  they  are  a  small  and 
the  oidy  |>ortion  of  the  population  wliose  lieart  d.oes 
hot  Icup  Willi  g-raiitude  to  heaven  for  its  munificence 
totlie  Unitej)  States. 

AVhile  t,!)us  the  republic  prospers  in  plenty  and 
Jjeac'e,  vvith  the  exceptioii  of  some  siircds  of  the 
war's et  existing-  with  the  lute  Briusli  allies,  tlie  sa- 
Vag-e  murderers  of  t!ie  frontier  west^^a  gxiarantee 
hr  whose  ijood  conduct  Avill  speedily  be  found 
in  punishment  received,  if  tliey  do  not  ceasP.  their 
U«ipredation<j,  and  rdl.  tlie  departments  of  g-oyern- 
snent  go  on  with  vip^orous  harmony;  a  part  of  the 
'p';wcr  of  tiie  nation  is  exerted  to  ciiastise  ,it^-iers. 
Unawed  by  the  hiuniliiition  of  th.'e  neighboring-  g-o- 
Vernmentof  TripoU,  that  of  .i/jvVri-,  f.Ulovving-  the 
Jead  of  its  patron,  beg-an  to  capture  our  ships 
ii.nd  impress  our  seameii,  for  his  clctiship  "vn;iiedme?i." 
Hut  no  sooner  was  the  affair  with  tlie  principal  set- 
tled, than  preparations  were  ma<le  to  open  a  new 
Ihentre  of  g-loiy  for  our  tars,  and  carry  the  "bit  of 
striped  bunting^'  in  triumph  over  the  Jlfrican  Seas. 
Vv'itii  eagle-rapidity  tiiey  have  pounced  upon  the 
man-stealing- barbarian,  and,  in  a  measure,  already 
anniliilated  liis  marine,  with  an  inferior  force,  and 
tln-eatened  his  capital  !  Oh!  that  it  mav  fall  to  the 
lot  of  this  youtliful  rcjuiblic  to  have  the  hig-ji  honor 
of  reducing-  this  nest  of  pii-ates,  so  long  the  pest  of 
the  christian  world,  to  an  o])servance  of  the  rig-hts 
of  peace  and  war?  and  make  the  frnfooW nations  of 
Europe  blush  for  that  Tile  jealou.sy,  wicked  polic}', 
and  dirty  calculation  of  interest  wjiich  uuluced 
,  them  to  permit  or  endure  such  depredators.  "What 
men  can  do  v.iil  be  done  by  our  forces  inthe»^e(//to- 
funeun—thcy  who  prostrated  tlie  bioodv  t)OA*  w  ill 
bring-  down  tiie  pale  crcccent~ihc  eairle  on  tlie  ocean 
Will  not  desert  the  phie  tree's  top  that  was  Bis  nest- 
ing place  in  the  forest. 

i.et  us  then,  fellow  citizens,  cherish  our  reinibli- 
ean  institutions,' and  hold  up  as  '-objects  for  scorn  to 
point  her  slow  unmoving  finger  at"  any  one  that 
would  jftopardi/ie  them,  or  biiug-  them  into  disre- 
]pUte.  >Ve  liave  a^^strong-  monarchical  party  amop'-4t 
us,  whose  principle  is  imported  from  Pin. -r-land,  that 
must  be  carefully  ^vatci^ed.  Let  us  recollect  the 
saymgof  the  sag-e  wlio  declared,  that  he  vho  g-ives 
up  essential  liberty  to  purchase  temjwrarv  safety  de- 
«eryes_neither  liberty  nor  safety;  and,  always  actuK- 
tip  to  It,  I'.x  the  dis])osition  in  our  mind  ns'a  p:.rt  o1' 
©ur  existence,  that  these  United  States  are,  of  Cod; 
and  by  our  right,  free,  sovert  ig-n  and  independent; 
and,  in  this  pcr^^uas ion,  also  feel  a  determination  to 
obey  tlie  injunction  of  V.-anhiiigtun,  "and  fi-osvn  in- 
^  dignantly  on  the  first  drawing-  of  an  attempt  to  al- 
Meniate  one  portion  of  our  country  from  the  rest,  or 
to  enfeeble  tlie  sacred  ties  tiuit  now  link  tog-ether 
''the  Various  parts."  ^ 


Money  Statistics. 

The  following-  calcidations  will  shew  tlie  relative 
plentity,  or  scarcity,  of  money  in  Saltimo'-e  and 
Boston — on  wldch  every  one  n.ay  leasoii  for  !;ini,sclf 

OCrThe  3st  colinnn  is  the  nanie  of  the  bank— the 
2nd  the  sum  paid  in  on  each  sh::re— the  od  the  scl-s 
ling  price,  and  tlie  4fh  the  advance  per  cent. 

Bank  of  Maryland  g300      g.^r^O        ^'20 

Pialtimorc  300 

Union  tl.mk  (lialf  shares)    50 


Meclianics* 

Franklin 

C'nmmercial  arid  Farmers' 

Farmers'  and  .Merchants' 

Marine  s         -  , 

City  I 


15 

ir 

45 
25 
15 


50 


^50 
63 

22  50 

23  50 
34 

53 
30 
20 


16  69 

26 


50 

34 
36 
17 
20 


39 


3i 


iios-ro>--. 
State  Bank 
Union  Bank 
Boston  Bank 
Manufacturer 
and  Mechanics'  3 


Kinc  banks— 5)253  71 
Averag'e  advant-e  per  cent:        ^28  10 


91  per  cent. 
02  a  93 
96  a  97 


under  par  ^9 

"  r  50 


.,  ]■  96  ft  97 


Amount 


Deduct — 
^Massachusetts  Bank  1  a  ij  aiove  par 1  25 


New-England  Bank*  2u3 


2  50—3  7S 


Six  banks— -6)  19  23 

A  T^raf'-e  depreciation /ic^-crw/,     <53  20 

TJiis  accdunt  of  the  /srliirij  prices  of  the  several 
stocks  mentioned,  is  taken  fr*im  the  public  prices  ai:r^ 
rent  uf  the  two  places,  and  may  be  accepted  as  su)'' 
ficiently  accurate. 

AVc  have  tlie  following' result-^ 
The  average  advuncs  of  tlie  ^ 

Baltimore  bank  stock  is      S 
The  avpvag-e  d^^prericainn  of  " 

the  Boston  bank  stock  is 


'\ 


g28  19perce4i 
3  20 


'•■  '^n^mcd')n''>J--:\\'ii,.r.,ii.-^.^d''  fcilk'v 


%3\  39 

These  added  tog-etlier,  shew  that  glOO  of  barife 
stock  is  worth  g31  39  more  in  Baltimore  than  it  i^ 
in  Boston. 

But  the, Bostonians  will  say  that  money  there  is 
atpar  with  specie,  andtliat  ours  is  not.  We  admit 
it  is  so  at  present,  but  will  not  probabi)  rem.'jin  so. 
However,  si)ecie;  at  present,  obtains  a  premium  of 
fi-om  12  to  14  per  cent  at  Baltimore.  Take  e\  en  iUi 
thai  at  the  most  unf.iir  method  it  can  be  calculatcyli 
and  still  %li){i  of  bank  stock  in  Baltimore  is  worth 
§18  39  more  than  it  is  in  Boston; 

Nomin  d  superior  Value  per  cent,  of  the. 

Baltimore  stocks  %Z\  33( 

Deduct  prcmiiun  for  specie — (medium)    13 

S18  39 
Xow,  this  cle.irly  shews  that  the  Bultimure  b:.nka 
are  "b:inkrupts,"  as  the  Boston  folks  x^ery  libimi% 
and  hindlii  have  s;ud  they  were;  and  also'  proves — 
THAT  THE  i'i;oPBK  Tiit-ifK  SO ! !     Mtraliik'  diciii.' 

\'ery  correct  ideas  of  the  prevailing-  rircalation  c{t 
m<mry  in  tlie  two  places,  may  be  g-adiered  from  :i 
consideration  of  tliese  fiict?. 


*The  real  advance  of  tlie  N.  EiiglaiKJ  B:tHk  sliai-cr? 
percent  is  not  stated.     Tlie  price  fiuT'jnt  Siws  they 
are  at  6i-  a  6^  per  sA (//•(» advance.    'I'jie  above  us",  tlicrrt 
'J^rt,  mijVe.ly  supposftfon,  buVp^i'.hap.-.  nc'Ar]^'-cUrt|p 


4      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-^SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  2,  181 


British  Parliament. 

■      HOrSE  OF  L0HD9 JULY  12. 

A  few  minute.?  after  12  o'clock  liis  royal  highnc^** 
the  prince  regent,  attended  by  the  ro)'al  sriice,  e"' 
tered  tli.e  Louse,  and  being  sealed  on  the  throne,  ^'^ 
liisroy.il  rol^es,  sir  Tiiouias  Tyrwhitt,  knight,  ge"" 
tleman  iu;her  of  the  black  rod,  was  despatched  t*^ 
ordei*  thti  attendance  of  the  commons,  who  forth' 
with,  to  ?.  great  number,  with  the  speaker  at  their 
licad,  appeared  at  the  bar. 

The  prhice  regent  then  delivered  the  following 
speech  from  the  throne  : — 
"■^Mii  i'jrdu  and  gentlemeri, 
^\  caiino;,  close  this  sesbioii  of  parliament  without 
agitia  expressing  my  deep  regret  at  the  continuance 
of  his  niujesty's  lamented  hulisiJOsition. 

"At  the  commencement  of  the  present  session,  T 
entertained  a  confident  hope,  that  the  peace  \Ahich 
I  had  concluded,  m  conjuclion  with  his  majesty's 
allies,  would  meet  with  no  interruption  ;  that,  af- 
ter so  many  ye;u's  of  continued  warfare  and  unexr.m 
liled  calamity,  the  nations  of  Etirope  would  be  al- 
lowed to  enjo)-  that  repose  for  which  they  had  been 
so  long  contcndhig  ;  and  that  your  efforts  miglit  be 
directed  to  alleviate  the  biu'thens  of  his  mnjesiy's 
people,  and  to  adopt  such  measures  as  might  best 
promote  tiie  mleiual  pi-osperity  of  his  dommions. 

"Tuese  expectations  were  disappointed  by  an  act 
of  viol.-nce  and  perfidy,  of  which  no  pai'allel  can  be 
Ibiuid  in  1; is; 01*3  . 

"The  usurpation  of  the  supreme  authority  in 
France  by  Bonaparte,  in  consequence  of  the  defec- 
tion of  the  Freic':  armies  from  their  legitimate  so- 
vereign, appeared  to  me  to  be  so  incompatible  with 
tlie  general  security  of  other  countries,  as  well  as 
witii  the  engagements  to  which  the  French  nation 
hacl  recently  been  a  party,  that  I  felt  I  had  no  alter- 
native but  to  employ  the  military  resoiu'ces  of  his 
majesty's  dominions,  in  conjuction  with  his  majes- 
•ty's  allies,  to  prevent  there-establishment  of  a  sys- 
tem v/hich  experience  has  proved  lo  be  the  source 
of  sucli  incalcuLible  woes  to  Em-ope. 

"Under  such  circuinsUuices  you  will  have  seen 
with  just  pride  and  s<ttisiac..ion!i  the  splendid  suc- 
cess with  wiiich  it  has  pleased  Divine  Providence  to 
bless  his  niicjc-^ty's  arms  and  those  of  his  allies. 

"VViiiist  tlie  glorious  and  ever-memorable  battle, 
obtained  at  Waterloo,  b}  field-marshals  the  duke  of 
"Wellington  and  prince  Bhicher,  has  added  fresii 
lustre  to  the  cliaractcrs  of  tliose  great  commanders 
and  has  exalted  the  military  reputation  of  this  coun- 
try beyond  all  former  esjimpi  c,it  has  at  the  same  time 
])roduced  the  most  decisive  effects  on  the  operations 
of  the  war,  by  delivering  from  invasion  the  domi- 
nions of  the  king  of  the  Nctlieriands,  and  by  plac- 
ing, in  the  siiort  si)kce  of  fifteen  days,  the  city  of 
Pans,  and  a  large  part  of  the  kingdom  of  France, 
in  the  military  occupation  of  tlie  a'llied  armies. 

".'Vmidst  events  si.  important,  J  am  confident  vou 
■will  see  how  necessary  it  is,  that  there  should'  be 
no  relaxation  in  our  exertions,  until  I  sadl  be  ena 
bietl,  in  conjucLion  with  liis  majesty's  allies,  to  com-^ 
pktc  those  :un-atigements  which  mav  aflord  the  pros- 
pect of  pcrmime-.it  peace  and  security  to  Etu'ope. 
"Qtjit/cmtu  of  the  house  of  commons, 
"I  tliank  you  for  the  very  liberal  provision  you 
have  made  for  tlie  services  of  die  present  yeai-. 

"I, deeply  lament  tlie  continuance  and  increase  of 
those  burthens  whicii  the  great  military  exertions  of 
tile  present  campaign,  combined  with  Uie  heavy  ar- 
rears remaining  due  for  the  expences  of  tiie  former 
war,  have  raidcrcd  mdispeusibie,  and  which  liis 
Pliijesty's  loyal  subjects,  from  a  conviction  of  thieu" 


necessity,  ha\e  sustained  with  such  exemplary  fas' 
titude  and  cheerfulness. 

"You  ha\'e  already  seen,  ho  v.  ever,  the  fruit  of  tlie 
exertions  which  have  been  made ;  and  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  best  economy  will  be  found  to  re- 
stdt  from  that  policy  which  may  enable  us  to  bring 
the  contest  to  the  most  speedy  termmation. 
"J\Tii  lords  and  gentlemen, 

Tlie  brilliant  and  rapid  success  of  the  Austrian 
arms  at  the  opening  of  the  campaign,  has  led  to  the 
restoration  of  tlie  kingdom  of  Najjles  to  its  ancient 
sovereign,  and  to  the  deliverance  of  that  important 
portion  of  Italy  from  foreign  infltience  and  domi- 
nion. 

I  have  further  the  satisfaction  of  acquainting 
you,  that  the  autliority  of  his  most  Christian  maj  es- 
t\'  has  been  again  acknowledged  in  his  capital,  to 
which  his  majesty  has  himself  repaired. 

"  The  restoration  of  peace  between  this  country  and 
the  United  States  of  America  has  been  followed-  by  ane- 
gociation  fir  the  commercial  treat;/,  -.vhch  J  have  every 
reason  to  hope  xuil!  be  ieivninated  npon  conditions  calcu- 
lated to  cement  tlie  good  understanding  suhnisting  be- 
tween the  ixBo  countries,  and  equally  baieficial  to  the  iii'^ 
terests  of  both. 

"I  have  great  pleasure  in  acquainting  you,  that 
the  labors  of  the  congress  at  Vienna,  had  been 
brought  to  a  conclusion  by  the  signiattrre  of  a  treaty, 
which,  as  the  ratifications  have  not  yet  been  ex- 
changed, could  not  be  communicated'  to  you,  but 
yet  I  expect  to  be  enabled  to  lay  before  you  when  I 
next  meet  you  in  parliament. 

"I  cannot  release  you  from  3-our  attendance  with- 
out assm-ing  you,  that  it  is  in  a  great  degree  to  tiie 
support  which  you  iiave  afforded  me,  that  I  ascribe 
the  success  of  my  earnest  endeavors  for  the  public 
welfare  ;  and  on  no  occaeion  has  that  support  been 
more  important  than  m  the  coiuse  of  tiic  present 
session. 

"In  the  further  prosecution  of  such  measures  as 
may  be  necessary  to  bringthe  gi-eat  conte.st  in  which 
we  are  engaged  to  an  honorable  and  satisf.ictory  con- 
clusion, I  shall  rely  with  confidence  on  the  experi- 
enced zeal  and  steady  loyalty  of  all  classes  of  his 
majesty's  subjects;  'and  they  may  depend  on  my 
efforts  to  improve  our  present  axlvantages  in  such 
manner  as  may  best  provide  for  the  general  tranqui-, 
litv  of  Europe,  and  maintain  tlie  high  character 
which  this  coiuitry  enjoys  amongst  the  nations  of  the 
world." 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  royal  speech,  the  lord 
chancellor  having  approached  the  throne,  and  re- 
ceived the  prince  regent's  commands  for  the  pur- 
pose, came  forward,  and  addi-essed  both  houses  as 
follows : 

"My  lords  and  gentlemen, 
"It  is  the  will  and  pleasure  of  his  royal  highness 
the  prince  regent,  acting  in  the  name  and  on  the  be-, 
half  of  his  majesty,  that  this  parliament  be  pro- 
rogued to  Tuesday  the  tv/enty -second  day  of  Au-, 
gust  next,  to  be  then  there  holden  :  and  'this  par^ 
liament  is  accordingly  prorogued  to  Tuesday  the- 
22d  day  of  August  next." 


Foreign  Articles. 


PROCLAMATION  OF  LOUTS  XVIII. 
Locis,  by  the  grace  of  God,  king  of  France  and  Na5 
varre,  to  all  our  faithful  subjects,  health: 
At  the  time  when  the  most  cruel  of  enterprizes; 
seconded  by  the  most  inconceivable  defection,  com- 
pelled us  to  quit  momentarily  our  kingdom,  we  in- 
formed you  of  the  dangers  which  threatened  you» 
imioss  }  ou  hasteued  to  shake  off  the  yoke  of  a  ty.. 


JSILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


5 


J  aur.ical  usurper.  AVe  were  not  willing'  to  unite  our 
jirmi,  nor  those  of  our  family,  to  the  instriunents 
which  Providence  has  employed  to  punisli  treason. 
35nt  now  that  the  powerful  efforts  of  our  allies  have 
dissipated  the  satellites  of  the  t3'rantj  we  liasten  to 
re-enter  our  states,  thereto  re-establinh  the  constitu- 
iion  niiicjt  we  have  given  to  Prance,  to  repair  by  all 
means  Ln  oui*  power  the  evils  of  revolt,  and  of  the 
Viir,  its  necessary  consequence;  to  reward  the  good, 
to  put  in  execution  the  existing  laws  againtt  the  guil- 
ty,- in  short,  to  call  round  our  paternal  throne  the 
immense  majority  of  Frenchmen,  whose  fidelity,  cou- 
X'ag"e  and  devotedness  have  bi-oug-ht  such  pleasing 
9       consolations  to  oui"  heart. 

Given  at  Chateau  Cambresis,  26th  of  June,  in  the 
year  of  grace  1815,  and  our  reign  the  29th. 

(Signed)  LOUIS. 

Paris,  jult  5.  Proclamation  of  tJie  Commission 
of  government  to  the  French: 

Frenchmen, — Ii\  tJie  difficult  circumstances  in 
which  the  reins  of  the  state  were  confided  to  us,  it 
was  not  ui  our  power  to  govern  the  course  of  events 
and  to  remove  all  dangers;  but  it  was  our  duty  to 
defend  tlie  interests  of  the  people  and  of  the  army, 
alike  endangered  in  the  cause  of  a  man  abandoned 
by  fortune,  justice  and  the  national  will. 

It  was  oiu-  tUity  to  preserve  to  the  country,  tiie 
precious  remains  of  those  brave  legions  whose  rwu,- 
yage  is  superior  to  reverses,  and  wlio  have  been  vic- 
tims of  a  devotion  wliich  the  country  now  claims. 

It  was  our  duty  to  save  the  capital  from  tlie  hor- 
rors of  a  siege,  or  tl\e  chances  of  a  battle;  to  main- 
tain public  tranquility  in  the  midst  of  the  tumult 
and  agitations  of  war;  to  sustain  the  hopes  of  tlve 
friends  of  liberty,  amidst  the  fears  and  inquietudes 
of  a  suspicious  vigilance;  it  was  our  duty  above  all 
to  avoid  tlie  useless  eft'iision  of  blood. 

It  was  necessary  to  clioose  between  securing  the 
national    existence,   or  running  the  risk  of  expos- 
'ing  the  country  and    tlie  citizens  to  a  genei-al  de- 
struction, which  would  leave  neither  hope  nor  se- 
curity. 

None  of  the  means  of  defence  that  time  and  our 
resources  permitted,  nothing  that  the  service  of  the 
camps  and  of  the  city  required,  was  neglected. 

Whilst  tlie  pacification  of  the  west  was  conclud- 
ing, plenipotentiaries  went  to  meet  the  allied  pow- 
ers, and  all  the  documents  of  that  negociation  have 
been  laid  before  your  representatives. 

The  fate  of  the  capital  is  determined  by  a  conven- 
tion. Its  inhabitants,  wliase  firmness,  courage  and 
perseverance  are  above  all  praise;  its  inhabitants 
continue  to  guard  it. 

The  declarations  of  the  sovereigns  of  Europe  in- 
spire too  much  confidence  to  fear  that  our  liberties 
:^nd  our  dearest  interests  can  be  sacrificed  to  vic- 
tory. 

We  will  receive-  at  length  the  guarantees  wliich 
are  to  prevent  those  alternate  and  tempoi-ary  tri- 
umphs of  the  factions  that  have  agitated  us  for  25 
years,  which  are  to  terminate  the  revolution,  and 
mingle  under  a  coiumon  protection  the  parties  to 
which  it  has  given  birtli,  and  those  who  have  op- 
posed it. 

Those  guarantees,  which  hitherto  have  existed 
only  inoui-  principles  and  in  our  courage,  we  shall 
find  in  oui*  laws,  in  oiu-  constitution,  hi  our  repre- 
sentative system. 

For  whatever  may  be  the  knowledge,  the  virtues, 
the  personal  qualities  of  a  monarch,  they  are  never 
sufficient  to  secure  the  pcojile  from  the  oppression 
of  power,  from  the  prejudices,  the  pride,  the  injiis- 
Uge  of  cou^'ts,  and  the  ambition  of  cowUers. 


Frenchmen,  peace  isnecessaryto  your  commerce, 
to  your  arts,  to  the  amelioration  of  \"Our  manners, 
to  the  dcvelopcment  otthe  resources  that  remain  to 
you. 

Be  united,  and  you  are  near  to  the  close  of  your 
misfortunes. 

The  repose  of  Europe  is  inseparable  from  yourS; 
I^urojoe  is  interested  in  yoau*  tranquility  and  in  your 
happiness. 

(Signed)  The  Duke  of  OTRANTO. 

Declaration  of  the  hmtse  of  represeiilaiives,  -Tidy  5. 
The  troops  of  tlie  allied  powers  come  to  occupy 
the  capital;  the  house  of  representatives  will  ne- 
vertheless continue  to  sit  and  to  deliberate  in  tire 
midst  of  the  inhabitants  of  Paris,  where  the  express 
will  of  the  people  has  called  their  delegates. 

But,  under  these  weighty  circumstances,  tlie 
house  of  representatives  owes  to  itself,  to  France, 
to  Europe,  a  dechuMtion  of  its  sentiments  and  of  its 
piaiiciples;  it  declares,  therefore,  that  it  make.^ 
especially  a  solemn  appeal  to  the  fidelity  and  to  the 
patriotism  of  the  Parisian  national  gu;a-d,  entr;\st?d 
with  the  care  of  the  place  wliere  the  representatives 
of  tlije  nation  are  assembled. 

It  declares  that  it  reposes  with  the  highest  con- 
fidence upon  the  principles  of  morality,  of  honor, 
of  magnanimity,  of  the  allied  powers,  and  upon 
their  respect  for  the  independence  of  the  lution,  iio 
strongly  manifested  in  their  declarations. 

It  declares  that  the  government  of  Fi-ance,  who- 
ever may  be  at  the  head  of  it,  ought,  at  the  same 
time,  to  be  conformable  to  the  wish  of  tlie  nation 
legally  expressed,  and  to  co-operate  with  tlie  other 
governments,  to  form  a  mutual  connection  and  gua- 
rantee of  peace  between  France  and  Europe — It  de- 
clares that  a  monaj'ch  cannot  offer  a  real  gutsrantee, 
unless  he  swear  to  observe  a  constitution  framed; 
by  the  national  representation,  and  accepted  hy  the 
people. 

Thus,  any  government  Avhich  should  not  have 
any  other  title  than  the  acclamations  of  the  minor- 
ity and  the  will  of  apart}^;  or  which  should  be  im- 
posed by  force;  aity  government  which  should  not 
adopt  the  national  colors,  and  should  not  guarantee 
the  liberty  of  the  citizens,  the  equality  of  civil  :uid 
political  rights,  the  liberty  of  the  press,  the  liberty  of 
religious  worship,  the  representative  system,  th« 
free  consent  to  the  raising  of  men  and  taxes,  tlie 
responsibility  of  ministers,  the  u'revocability  of  all 
sales  of  national  property,  the  inviolabili;y  of  pro- 
perty, the  abolition  of  tythes,  of  feudal  rights,  of  thi 
old  andnexv  hereditary  nobility,  and  of  cdl  confscationt 
of  property;  the  complete  oblivion  of  the  political 
opinions  and  votes  given  in  the  course  of  the  revo- 
lution, the  histitution  of  the  legion,  the  distinctions 
and  rewards  due  to  the  officers  and  soldiers,  to 
their  widows  and  to  thcii-  children;  the  institation 
of  the  jury,  the  irremovability  of  judges,  the  pay- 
ment of  the  public  debt — would  have  only  an  ephe- 
meral existence,  and  would  not  secure  the  tranqui- 
litv  of  Europe. 

it  declares  that  if  the  basis  specified  in  this  de- 
clai-ation  should  be  either  not  recognized  or  viola- 
ted, the  representatives  of  the  people,  who  this  d.iy 
exercise  a  sacred  power,  protest  before  hand,  in  the 
face  of  the  whole  world,  against  the  violence  and . 
usurpation. 

They  confide  the  execution  of  the  contents  of  this 
proclamation,  to  all  good  Fi-enchmen,  to  all  gene- 
rous hearts,  to  all  enlightened  minds,  to  all  men  jea- 
lous of  their  liberty,  and  finally  to  future  genera* 
tions. 
Adopted  by  44iP  votes  agaip.st  34. 


g       mhES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEFrEMBER  3, 16113, 


CHAMBER  01?  PEERS JUlT  7. 


2Sth,  anil  the  wliole  cmtlic  SOt'j,  mid  we  yestcrila)r 
took  up  a  position  \\-ith  tlie  rig-hl  udo;i  the  h  '    ' 


eight  of 


got  into  Paris.    The  advanced  giiard  of  the  allied 
At  half  past  5  o'clock  the  following  message  was  !  army  under  my   command  crossed  the  Oise,  on  th6 
vcccive'!. 

Mr.  rrcsklent — Hitherto  we  believed  that  the  in- 
.ientiori.'i  of  the  allied  sovereigns  were  not  unani-  Itochebourg,  and  the  kit  upon  the  Bois  d§  Bondy. 
mous  upon  tiie  choice  of  the  prince  who  is  to  reign  Field  marslial  pvhice  Blncher  having  taken  the  vil-, 
jji  Prance.  Our  plenipotenljai'ies  gave  us  the  same  lage  of  Aubervilliers,  ot  Ycrtus,  on  tlie  morning*  of 
assurance  upon  th<'ir  retu^'u.  |thcoOthof  .lune,  moved  to  bis  right;  ar.d  cross e4 

•■'■■■'■-'■  •         -     '  ■        •  he  will 

left  at 


However  tiie  ministers  i  nd  generals  of  the  allied  |  tlie  Seine  at  St   Germain  as  i  advanced,  and  li 
DOwers  have  dec:i,;red  yesterday  in  tiie  conferences    tliis  day  liave  his  riglit  at  Plesi^  Piqiie^  ids 


tiiey  hav^  liad  with  the  president  of  the  commis- 
sion, that  all  thp  sovereigns  had, engaged  to  replace 
j^oujs  the  IStli  upoii  t!ie  dirone,  and  that  he  is  to 
^tiuke  this  evening  or  to-moi.row  his  entrance  into 
the  capital. 

Foreign  troops  have  just  occupied  tb.e  Thuille- 
ries,  where  tlie  government  is  sitting. 

lathis  state  of  jdfairs,  we  can  only  breathe  wish- 
es f<;r  the  country,  and  cur  deliberations  being  no 
longer  free,  we  think  it  oui-  duty  to  separate. 

iSiarshal  prince  of  I'^sling  and  the  prefect   of  tlie 
peine,  have  bten  ch:a*ged  to  watch   o>er  the  main- 
^.cnance  of  p-.'.blic  order,  safety  and  tranquility. 
f  have  the  livinor,  &c. 

(Signed)  'j'jie  tluke  of  OTRANTO. 

•     '  Coimt'GHENIEil, 

QUINETIE, 

PAR  not; 

tAULINCOURT, 

J'mis,  Juki.  7,  1815.  Duke  of  Vicepzc. 

After  reading  the  message,  the  members  rose 
spontaneously,  and  retired  without  any  uelibtra- 
tion. 

CHAMBKB   OF  H.£rili:gSF,STATl VES — JULT  7. 

A  mess.;ige  wus  received  from  government. — [See 
the  peers.] 

Aftej  it  W2S  read,  there  was  a  moment  of  silence 
jind  the  memliers  seemed  to  consult  togetlier. 

M.  Manuel — Gentlemen,  xou  foresaw  tjus  event, 
t)ut  iL  ought  not  to  occasion  any  change  in  your 
gonduct.  In  some  moments,  perhaps,  we  siiaii  be 
pbliged  to  separate.  Let  us  shew  'we  ai'e  w'orthy 
pf  ti.e  conridence  of  our  cxjnstituents — let  us  re- 
main (inn  at  our  posts,  and  leave  to  <ither  hands 
the  odious  tusk  of  dispersing  the  national  rejire- 
.s-.ii'ation.  Tliese  expressions oijce electi-ified |,'rance 
iiiid  Europe.  Let  us  repeat  them  a  second  time. — 
•'Sa,  we  are  representatives  of  the  people,  and  that 
■we  will  not  quit  di^s  place,  but  l)y  the  foyce  of  the 
bayonet."  " 

Bravo,  bravo!  yes,  yes!  from  all  parts  of  the  as- 
semoly  and  tiie  tribunes. 

It  vvaa  moved  that  AJf.  Manuel'^  proposal  be  put 
ta  vote.     This  motion  was  not  supported. 

The  mqjnbers  disperse;  buf  tuc  president  an- 
l^ovujced  thai  the  sitthxg  adjom-ned  mitil  to-mor- 
ipov."  at  eight  o'clock. 

London  Gazette  E.vtraotHi/uari/,  Friday  J;di/  7. 
Jhnmiiij  IStrect,  July  7. 
Captain  lord  Arthur  Iliil  arnved  last  niglit  with 
P^espatches,  of  which  the  following  are  extracts,  and 
a'copy  addressed  to  Eaid  Batiiurst  by  the  duke  of 
'VVelU'ngton,  dated  Gonasse  the  52dand  4th,  1815. 

GoNASsE,  .lulv  2d,  1815. 
The  ^nemy  attacked  the  advanced  guard  ot  mar- 
^hal  prince  Bhicher's  corps  at  Yilhu-s  Coterets,  on 
the  28Ui,  but_  the  main  body  coming  up  tluy  were 
driven  off,  with  the  loss  of  6  pieces  of  caimou,  and 
about  1000  prisoners.  It  appears  that  these  troops 
were  on  their  mai-ch  from  Soissons  to  Paris  and  hav- 
;ing  been  driven  oli'  that  road  by  the  Prussi;m  troops 
^-t  ViUars  Gotereto,  they  got  upon  that  of  Meaux.— 
I'hey  were  attacked  again  upon  this  road  by  general 
Jiulow,  who  took    from  them    500    prisoners,  and 


St  Cloud,  and  the  reserve  at  yersaille.j.  The  eiicniy' 
have  fortified  the  heights  of -Montmartrc  and  the 
town  of  St.  D.e.nnis  strongly;  and  by  means  of  the  litr 
tie  rivers  Rouillon  and  La  Yielle  >;t'r,  t)icy  have 
inundated  the  ground  on  the  nortli  side  of  the  towu, 
and  watcT  having  been  introduced  into  tlie  canaide 
I'Oureq,  and  tite  bank  formed  into  a  parapet  and 
batteries,  they  have  a  strong  position  on  tins  side  of 
Paris.  Theheights  of  Belltville  arc  likewise  sti'ong- 
ly  fortified,  liut  I  am  not  aware  that  any  delensive 
works  ha^•e  been  thrown  up  on  the  left  of  tlie  Seine. 
Having-  collected  in  Paids  all  the  troops  remainincf 
after  the''battle  on  the  18th,  and  all  the  depots  of  th^ 
wiiole  arrjiy,  it  is  supposed  tlie  enemy  have  tliei'C 
about  40  or  50,000  troops  of  the  Une  and  guards,  be- 
sides the  national  g'uards,  a  new  levy  called  l^ea  Ti- 
railleur's de  la  Garde  and  the  Fed^res.  I  liave  great 
ple:isu!-e  in  informing  your  lordsldp  tliat  Quesnoy 
surrendered  to  Ids  royal  highness  prince.  Frederick 
of  the  Netherlands  on  the  29th  .Jane.  I  enclose  the 
copy  of  his  royal  highne.ss'  report  upon  this  subject, 
in  which  your  lordship  will  observ  e  with  satisfactloi^ 
the  intelligence  and  spirit  with  A^hich  t!iis  young- 
pi'ince  conducted  tliis  affaii-.  I  likev.ise understand 
that  Baftiiume  has  surrendered  to  the  officer  sent 
there  by  tlie  king  of  France  to.  take  posscssicji  ol^ 
tliatto\\'n, 

(TRANSLATION.) 

••Petit  Waiujxie.s,  June  28,  1815. 

•*0n  ihe  day  before  )  esterday  1  had  tlie  honor  of 
receiving  your  grace's  letter  dated  Jouncoiu't,  26j.i«j 
Inst,  sent  by  your  aid-de-canip,  captain  Cathcart, 
whom  I  have  requested  to  inform  your  excellency 
tliat  marshal  count  Hothidlicr  hud  arrived  this  morii^ 
ing  to  summon  tiie  place  in  the  name  ofLouisX^  111. 
He  entered  into  a  negociationwith  lieutenant  gene- 
i-al  Dclpreaux,  governor  ofQuesnoy.  Tlie  only  re- 
sult however,  produced  b}'  tliis,  was  a  very  singu- 
lar repl)-  from  the  governor,  from  which  it  apiieared 
to  me  tliat  he  migJit  possibly  be  induced  to  capitu- 
late,  and  I  d.ctermined  at  once  on  firing  some  shells 
and  shot  into  the  town,  and  of  advancing  our  trail-, 
leurs  to  the  very  glacis  to  annoy  tlieni  in  every 
quarter,  with  a  view  of  making  some  impression  on 
the  commandant,  and  of  endeavoring  by  that  means, 
to  excite  to  revoll  the  national  guards  and  inliabi- 
txmts,  who  are  said  to  be  well  disposed  towards  us. 

*Trom  the  information  collected  as  to  the  fortifi- 
cations, there  appears  to  me  no  reason.able  chance 
of  taking  it  by  escalade,  the  ditches  being  filled 
with  water,  in  .tddliion  to  the  inundation  which  had 
been  made.  At  11  o'clock  at  niglit,  I  ordered  five 
howitzers  and  6  six  pounders  to  open  on  the  town, 
and  I  conthiued  tlie  fire  until  3  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing-. The  town  wa.';  at  one  time  on  fire  in  tlu-ee  pla- 
ces, but  the  fire  was  shortly  extinguished.  Som^ 
men  were  killed  in  the  tov.n  and  sc.^•crAl  wounded, 
v.hich  appears  to  h;ivc  produced  axacti}'  the  effect 
VfhichI  wished.  l<ast  night,  gener.al  Anthing,  who 
commands  the  Indian  brigade,  scut  an  officer  with 
the  proposals  to  the  commandant,  according  to  tlic 
autliority  whicli  I  had  given  to  him  and  coupled  with 
a  threat  of  bombardment  ;uid  assault. 

"■Upon  this  anegociation  was  mitercd  into,  whigh 
er^dec^  in  t!ie  signing  oi'  Vue  fyilawyig-  capiluiaU^'i;j 


^'ILSS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-FOREIGN  ARTICLI^S. 


■7 


tins  nlfht;  that  is  to  say:  that  lie  would  send  an  of- 
ficer, witii  an  Huwle-cunp  of  general  Anthin-,  t..- 
Cainbray,  to  ascertain  the  feet  ot  tlie  residence  of 
the  kintr  of  France  in  that  town,-  and  the  abdication 
pf  Jionaparce  ill  favor  of  his  son,  and  that  thereup- 
on, h.e  would  give  us  this  niglit  (at  6  o  clock)  pos- 
session of  the  port  des  Forets,  to  '^ej)c^uP»j;-J  V^^^, 
com 


Art  II.  The  French  army  shall  put  itself i;-s  'n-rch 
to-morrow,  to  take  -vp  its  position  behi;id  die  L  nrc. 
Firis  sh:dl  be  comidetcly  evacuated  in  three  diys; 
and  the  movement  behind  the  Loire  shall  be  crfcct. 
ed  within  ci  ;:ht  diys.  ,    „,,         •.:    -^    ii 

•  Art  III    T;ic   i'i'each  lU'mv  shall  take  witn  it  all 
its  matei-ial,  field  artiiie'-v,  miriiary   ciiest,  horse;, 


ssion  of  the  port  des  Forets,  to  be  occupied  Iw  a ,  ^^'-^  '  ^,p  re^iment^,  without  exception.  \\\ 
.mpany  of  artiUeiy,  and  that  the  next  mornin,^  ''"^  ^ersoPS^)erono-in?  to  the  depots  .hail  also  be  renio- 
.rrison  should  m:ii-ch  out  ot  the  town;  ^''^  "a^j'^^^MP"?"';;  \vell  as  tlio.e  belo.i-in?  to  the  different 
lardsto  lay  down  their  arms  and  return  to  ^l^eir,    ca    ,■  ,,,iiTii,tistration,  which  belon-ed  to  tlie 


ga 

{guards  to  lay  v^.,.... - 

homes;  the  commander  and  that  part  of  the  ^annson 
who  were  not  national  s;n-:ivCi'-.,  were  to  go  and  re- 
ceive the  orders  of  Louis  the  XVIIl.  m  whose  name 
we  shall  have  possession  of  t!»e  town." 

Go.vassp.,  July  4, 1815. 
My  lORi).— Field  marshal  prince  lihicjier  was 
strongly  opposed  by  tlie  enemy  In  taking  the  posi- 
tion on'theleft  of  the  Seine,  wliich  I  repcu-ted  m  my 
despatch  of  the  2d  inst.  that  he  intended  to  take  up- 
on that  dav,  particularly  on  the  lieights  of  .St.  Cloud 
a-.id  Uendon;  butthe gallantry  oftlie Prussian  troops, 
unt'er  general  Ziethen,  surmounted  every  obst:>.cle, 
and  they  succeededfinallvin  establishing  themselves 
on  the  heights  of  Mendon,  and  in  the  village  of  Issy 


ijriuieiics  of  administration,  which  belonged  to  tlie 

"  Art  IV.  The  sick  and  wounded,  and  tlie  medical 
oflicers  whom  it  m^v  be  necessary  to  leave  with 
rhcin,  arenlaccd  under  the  special  protectioi  oi  c:u; 
commanders  ill  chief  of  tlie  i^nghsh  and  Prussian 

armies.  ,    ,  t  , 

Art   V  The  militarv,  and  those  holding  enrplov- 

mcnts  to  whom   the  r;.reL,-oing  article  relates  shall 

be  at  llbcrtv,   immediately  auer  their  recovery  to 

Join  the  coro-;  to  whicii  they  belong. 

\rt  VI.  The  wives  and  children  of  all   iivlivirln- 

als'bebnging  to  the  French  army,  shall  beat  liber. 

ty  to  rem.dn  in  Pxds.     Tne  wives  shall  oe  alio  ve4 


The  French  attacked  th era  again  in  Issy 
on  the  morning  of  the  .3d,  but  were  repulsed  with 
considerable  loss;  and  finding  that  Paris  w.as  tlien 
open  on  its  vulnerable  side,  that  a  communication 
was  opened  between  the  two  allied  armies  by  a 
bridge  wliich  I  had   established  at  Argcntueil,  and 
that'a  Britisli  corps  was  likewise  moving  upon  the 
left  of  the  Seine  towards  the  Pont  de  Neuilly,  the 
enemy  sent  to  desire  that  the  firing  might  cease  on 
both  sides  of  the  Seine,  with  a^  iew  to  the  negocia- 
tion  at  the  Palace  of  St  Glo-id,  of  a  military  conven- 
tion between  the  armies,  imder  v.-hich  the  French 
army  should  evacuate  Paris.     Officers  accordingly 
met  on  both  sides  at  St.  C1o;k1;  and  I  enclose  the  co- 
ny of  tlie  miliiarv  convention  which   was  agreed  to 
last  night,  and  whi&Ii  had  been  ratified  by  marshal 
prince 'Rlucher  and  me,  and  by  the  prince  d'Eck- 
mulil  on  the  part  of  the  French  army.     This  conveiu 


lageof  ss>^|  >                 .^  p^,.  ^i^^  ,c  of  rejoining  thearm.v 

at 3 o'clock  ™  ,t";''.,_ .,;.,,  ., ,'„  <h^;,.  nrooertv.  and  that  of 


and  to  c.irry  with  them  their  property,  and  that  ot 

their  huibmds  „    ,     ,.  ,        i      -^j 

\r^  Vlf.  T:ieo^icers  of  the  line,  employed  with 
the  F-'lvi  or  with  the  liraiiletirs  oftlie  national 
.mu-d,mav  either  ]0in  the  army  or  return  to  Ui^i- 
nomes  or  the,  phice  of  their  b'rth. 

\rt  Vin.  To-morrow,  the4th  of.Tulv.  at  mi  L  lay, 
■^,  ^.J,,,-;-  ;ih  OKf^n  '^,Hc!iy.  and  Nenilly,  s!i;dl  be 
.ru-en  no  The  day  after  to-morrow,  tlie  5th.  at  the 
same  hour,  Montmartre  shall  be  given  up.  The  3d 
day  the  '^tii,  all  the  barriers  shall  be  given  up. 

Art  IX.  The  duty  of  the  city  of  Pans  shall  con- 
tinne  to  be  dene  b-.'  the  nati-^nal  guard,  and  by  the 
co'-r)so'-"tl<em^micipd  gens  d':ir;nerie. 

\rt  X  Tne  commanders  in  chief  of  the  Kiglisli, 
and  PrKsdan  armies  engageto  re  ipect,  and  to  make 
those  under  tneir  command  resnect,  the  actual  an- 
■as  the\-  shall  e>:ist. 


_ cam]),  cap 

tain  lorirArthur  HiU,  bv  way  of  Calais.  He  will  be 
able  to  inform  vour  lordship  of  any  further  p.ar.icu- 
lars,  and  I  beg  leave  to  recommend  him  to  your  fa- 
vor and  protection. 

(Signed)         -  WELLINGTON. 

This  day  the  3d  of  Julv,  1815,  the  commissioners 
n.amed  by 'the  commanders  in  ciiief  of  the  respective  ^ 
armies,  that  is  to  sav,  the  baron  Blgnon,  holding  the , 


and  management.  ,1-111 

\rt  XII  Pi-ivate  persons  and  property  shall  bo 
eouallvVespected.  The  inliabitants  :uid  in  general 
ill  individuals  who  .shall  be  m  tlie  c  ipital,  snail  con- 
t  mieto  eaioy  their  rights  and  liberties  wiuiout  ba- 
lUisturbeil  or  called  to  accovmteither  as  to  the 
iuiation  which  tliey  hold  or  may  nave  heid;  or  as 
to  their  conduct,  or  politic  douimons 

pin  XIII.  'I'he  foi-ei^M  troops  shall  noi  interpose 

.w. ..»->,  ".' , ----  .J       -  .  1' Tt-jicle  for  the  provisioning  of  the  capital,  and 

ponrfcuiile  of  foreign  afthirs;  the'comitGuiUemi-j'-iny/^^^^  on  the  contrary,  the  arrival  .md  the 


iiot,  chief  of  the  general  staff  of  the  French  army; 


free  c 


circulation  of  the  articles  which  are  destined 


agreed  to  the  following  articles: 


'Art.  L  There  shall  be  a   suspension  of  arms  be- 

.  tween  the  allied  ;u-mies  commanded  by  his  iughnes^^ 

the  prince  iUuchcr,  and  his  excellency  the  duke  ot 

Wellino-lon,  and  the  Fuencli  army  luid©'  the  walls  ot 

Pans- 


"^\"f  ^/vj'T'^'--'p°esentc';m'entir,ni3decl  ired  co  n, 
mmi  t;'=^U  the  'dlied  armies,  provided  it  r.e  ratified 
Ly  the  powers,  on  which  these  armies    are  depca- 

'^*'!.£t.  XVil.  TU«J  VAUucatloQ  sU-dl  bs  eic:unje4 


8       JflLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  2,  1815, 


to-morrow,  the  4th  of  July,  at  six  o'clock  in  the 
liioriiing',  at  tUe  bridge  of  Neuilly, 

Art.  XMIl.  ComiTrissioners  shall  be  named  by  the 
rcipeclive  parties,  in  order  to  watcli  over  tl>e  exe- 
cution of  the  present  convention. 

Done  and  sijjned  at  St.  Cloud,  in  triplicate,  by  the 
coninassioners  above  named,  tlie  day  anci  yeai'  before 
mentioned. 

(Signed)  The  Baron  RIGNON, 

Count  (iUlLLEMINOT, 
Count  De  BOXDY, 
1  he  Baron  De  MUFFLIXG, 
r.B.HERVF.Y,  Colonel. 
Approved  and  ratified  the  present  suspension  of 
arms,  at  Paris,  the  3d  of  July,  1815. 
Approved, 
(Signed)  Marshal  tlie  prince  D'ECKMUHL. 

Frpm  the  Lo7>don  Gazette  of  July  11, 
WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

JJoivning-fitveet,  Julif  11. 
A  despatch  of  v.'hich  the  following'  is  a  copy,  was 
this  day  received  from  field  marshal  the  duke   of 
"Wellington,  K.  G.  addressed  to  earl  Bathurst. 

Paris,  Jnhj  8th,  1815. 
My  lord. — In  consequence  of  the  convention  \^•ith 
the  enemy,  of  which  1  transmitted  yovir  lordship  a 
copy,  to  my  despptch  of  the  4th,  the  troops  under 
my  command  and  that  of  field  marshal  pjincc  Blu- 
cher,  occupied  the  barriers  of  Paris  on  the  6th,  and 
entered  the  city  yesterday,  which  has  ever  since 
been  perfectly  quiet. 

The  king  of  France  entered  Pai'is  this  day. 
I  liave  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

^VELLINGTO::C. 

;  ■  From  the  I^widon  Gazette  nf  July  8. 

War  Department — Downlng-Street,  July  6. 

Despatches,  of  which  the  following  are  copies, 
have  been  this  day  received  by  earl  Bathurst,  from 
field  marshal  his  grace  the  duke  of  Wellington,  da- 
ted Louvres,  30th  June,  and  Gonasse,  2d  July. 

J.ovvres  June  30. 

Mt  toTin. — I  have  now  the  honor  of  enclosing  to 
yoiu'  lordship,  the  returns  of  killed  and  wounded  of 
tlie  army  ou  the  16th,  17th,  and  ISth;  lists  of  offi- 
cers, Sec. 

Brigadier  general  Hardinge,  who  was  employed 
by  me  with  tiie  Prussian  army,  is  not  included  in 
there  returns;  !)ut  lie  received  a  severe  wound  in 
the  battle  of  the  16th,  and  has  lost  his  left  hand. — 
He  had  conducted  himself  during  the  time  he  was 
so  employed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  obtain  the  ap- 
probation of  marshal  prince  lUucher,  and  the  offi- 
cers at  the  Prussian  headquarters,  as  well  as  mine, 
and  I  greatly  regret  his  misfortune. 

4  have  the  honor  to  be^  &c, 

(Signed)  WELLIXGTOX. 

[Captain  Newton  Chambers,  1st  foot  guards,  aid- 
de-qamp  to  sir  T.  Picton,  was  omitted  in  the  return 
of  officers  killed;  and  lord  Y.  Sumerset  severely 
wounded — right  ai'm  amputated.] 

jBritish  killed,  -wo^inded,  and  missing,  in  the  battles 
of  the  16th,  17th,  and  18th  of  June. 
Officers  killed  108;  non-commissioned  102;  rank 
and  file  1549;  officers  wounded  436;  non-commissi- 
oned 383;  rank  and  file  5123;  officers  missing  12; 
non-commissioned  17;  raiilc  and  file  778 — Grand  to- 
tal 8458. 

PROCLAMATION'  OP  THE  BCKF,  OF  WELLIN-GTOX. 

On  enterbig  the  French  territory,  the  duke  of 
Wellington  issued  tlic  following  proclamation: 

'*I  announce  to  the  French,  that  I  enter  their  terri- 
tojy^at  tliC  head  of  an  ai'my  already  victorious,  not  as 


an  enemy  (except  of  the  usurper  of  the  enemy  of  th^ 
human  race,  with  whom  there  can  neither  be  peace  nor 
truce)  but  to  aid  them  to  shake  off  the  iron  yoke  by 
which  they  are  oppressed.  I  therefore  give  to  my 
army  the  subjoined  orders,  and  I  desire" that  every 
one  who  violates  them  maybe  made  known  to  me.— 
Tlie  P'rench  know,  however,  that  I  have  a  right  to 
require  that  they  conduct  themselves  in  siich  a 
manner  that  I  may  be  able  to  protect  them  against 
those  wiio  would  seek  to  do  them  evil.  Tliey  musi, 
therefore,  furnish  tlie  requisitions  that  will  be  iiiitdci 
on  them,  by  a  person  authorized  to  make  them,  tak-- 
ing  receipts  in  flue  form  and  order^  They  must  re- 
main quietly  at  their  homes,  and  have  no  communi- 
cation with  the  usurper  or  his  adiierents.  All  those 
who  shall  absent  tlK'iiiselves  from  their  homes,  aftei- 
the  entrance  oftheanny  into  J-'rance,  and  all  those 
wlio  shall  be  absent  in  the  service  of  the  usurper, 
shall  be  cons;dered  as  enemies,  and  his  adherents, 
and  their  property  shall  be  appropriated  1o  the  sub- 
sistence  of  tlio  ariiiy.  "WELLINGTON. 

"Given  at  head  quai'ters  at  Malpl.-iquct,  tiiis  21st 
.layof  June,  1815." 

Extract  nf  the  order  of  the  day,  June  20. 
"Astlie  army  is  going  to  enter  the  Fi-encli  terri- 
tory, the  troops  of  difi'crent  nations  now  under  the 
command  of  field  marsiial  duke  of  V/ellington,  ai-e 
desired  to  remembci-that  their  respective  sovereigns, 
are  the  allies  of  his  majesty  the  king  of  France,  and 
that  France  therefore  be  considered  as  a  friendly 
country.  It  is  ordered,  that  nothing  be  taken  elthep 
by  the  officers  or  soldiers  without  payment.  The 
commissaries  of  the  army  will  provide  for  the  wants 
of  the  troops  in  the  usual  manner;  and  it  is  not  per- 
mitted to  the  officers  or  soldiers  of  the  army  to  make 
requisitions.  The  commissaries  will  be  authorized 
by  the  field  marshal,  or  by  the  gener.ils,  who  com- 
mand the  troops  of  the  respective  nations  (that  is  to 
say,  in  case  their  provisions  are  not  regulated  by  an 
English  commissary)  to  make  the  necessary  requi- 
sitions  for  wiiich  they  will  give  regular  receipts;  and 
they  must  jierfcctly  understand  that  they  will  be 
responsible  for  all  tliey  receive  by  requisitions  frorn 
the  inhabitants  of  France,  in  tlie  same  manner  as  if 
they  made  purchases  for  the  account  of  their  go- 
vernment        (Signed)  "J.  WATERS, 

"Acting  Adj.  General." 

THE  LATEST. 

Paris  dates  to  the  28th  Julv,*  received  at  New- 
York. 

JVapoleoji  Bonaparte,  finding  no  chance  of  escape^ 
gave  himself  up  to  the  captain  of  a  British  74,  on 
15th  July.  The  London  papers  are  ftdl  of  spe- 
culations of  what  shall  be  done  with  him.  Some 
are  for  sending  him  to  Diimbartou'Castle,  in  Scot- 
land, a  very  strong  place  ;  otliers  for  shutting  jiim 
up  in  the  tower  of  London — and  some  for  imprison- 
ing him  at  Sheerness  or  in  Newgate.  The  Paris  pa^ 
pers  suggest  the  idea  of  sending  him  to  the  island 
of  St.  Helena  ;  or  liint  that  his  death  might  be  use- 
ful. What  his  fate  will  be  it  is  in.possible  to  conjec- 
ture. If  the  accounts  of  his  conduct  before  he  de- 
livered him.sclf  up  be  true,  he  exhibited  a  greater  de- 
gree of  indecison  and  want  of  fortitude  than  we  sup- 
posed him  capable  of.  The  details  at  length  are 
below. 

The  Prussians  are  treating  France  with  great  se- 
verity. They  levied  a  contribution  of  fifty  millions 
on  the  city  of  Paris,  and  demanded  the  payment  of 
thirty  millions  of  it  in  three  days  !  Their  troops 
have  become  so  exceedingly  licentious,  that  the 
empei-or  Alexander  and  lord  Wellington  had  deciari 
ed  Uiat  unless  tliey  desisted  from  their  depredatiqns 


NIliSS^  WEEKLY  R^>GISTRa— FOREIG?^   ARTICLES. 


9 


tiiey  U"Ould  withdraw  their  armies  from  Fi .nee,  a!id 
leave  them  to  tlie  vengeance  of  the  enraged  popu- 
lace. Whether  this  declaration  had  the  desired  ef- 
fect, was  not  known  at  our  latest  dates. 

Ti;e  empero'-s  of  Russia  and  Austria  and  kings  of 
Prussia  iind  France,  are  duily  entertaining  each 
other  in  gi-eat  style  at  Paris. 

Fi'.mce  appears  generally  to  have  hoisted  the 
white  flag.  Several  of  tiie  generals  have  sent  in 
tlicir  adhesion  to  Louis.  Lyons  capitulated  on  the 
12tli  of  Jidy,  and  the  allied  troops  entered  on  the 
iSth.  Valenciennes  held  out,  and  was  suffering  a 
terrible  bombardment ;  several  of  the  streets  were 
said  io  be  in  ruins.  Cardinal  Fesch  was  taken  fi'om 
Paris  by  a  body  of  Austrian  cavalry — destination 
not  mentioned.  The  fortress  of  Befort,  in  Alsace, 
has  been  carried  by  the  Austrian  troops,  after  five 
assaults,  which  cost  much  blood  on  both  sides.  It 
is  said  that  the  allied  sovereigns  wdl  not  quit  Paris 
until  after  having  witnessed  the  coronation  of  the 
jling  at  Rheims. 

Hoult  has  been  arrested  by  the  national  guards  at 
Mendes.  Davoust  seems  to  have  left  the  army 
beyond  the  Loire,  and  returned  to  Paris.  It  is 
stated  tliat  JSIacdonald  was  to  have  the  command 
of  it.  Desertions  are  very  numerous  from  it.  The 
duchess  of  Angoulcme  arrived  iij  Paris  on  the  27th 
of  July,  and  was  received  with  great  shouts  bv  the 
people  !  On  the  12th  of  July  a  mob  attempted  to 
haul  doAvn  the  tri-colored  flag  at  Bordcmi.r  ,-  the  sol- 
diers fired  upon  them  and  dispersed  them.  But 
Clausel  has  sent  in  liis  adhesion,  and  the  white-flag 
,has  been  hoisted,  with  magnificent  rejoicings. 

Stocks — London,  July  22 — Consols  57  1-4 — Omni- 
Mm  9  5-8. 

The  letter  of  Davoust,  prince  of  Eckmuhl,  late 
minister  of  wai",  as  is  well  observed  by  the  Gazette 
de  France,  contains  some  mysterious  expressions. 
What  will  be  the  fat£  of  France  is  yet,  in  our  opi- 
nion, somewhat  uncertain.  The  power  of  the  fo- 
jreigners  who  invaded  it  may,  for  a  time,  press  down 
.ilie  spirit  of  tlie  people,  but  it  is  impossible  they 
should  forget  that  tiieir  king  was  imposed  upon 
them  by  foreignci-s.  And  there  is  a  Jiigii  republican 
spirit  in  Fi-ance.  Tliej^have  got  so  used  to  revolu- 
tions that  Louis  wjll  sit  uneasily  on  his  throne,  un- 
less supported  by  hordes  of  foreign  mercenaries 
Jjear  his  person. 

The  Prussians  have  destroved  the  bridge  of  ^w.?- 
terlitz,  the  <rees  of  the  gaiden  of  Luxenberg,  and 
%\\e  garden  of  plants,  at  Paris. 

The  army  of  observation  at  Mount  Jura,  the  ar- 
my of  tue  Loire,  and  in  short  the  troops  of  every 
description  through  France,  have  conformed  to  the 
new  oi-der  of  things,  but  after  more  fighting  thar. 
was  supposed.  In  a  proclamation  from  general  Le- 
Gourbe  to  his  army  at  Befort,  the  2od  July,  he  says 
*'ten  combats  fought  or  sustained  from  the  gates  of 
Hunbgue  till  the  walls  of  Befort,  liave  proved  to 
the  enemy  tliat  this  portion  of  tlie  army  of  Jura 
have  preserved  the  bravery  and  lionor  of  Frcncii- 
men."  He  then  recommends  obedience  to  the  new 
government. 

Strasburg  refused  to  open  its  gatci  to  \]\g  fr)rdgn- 
ers,  but  immediately  sent  in  its  submission  to  Louis. 
Of  tlie  French  legislative  body. — A  London  paper  of 
July  11,  says — "The  expiring  factions  in  the  French 
legislative  body,  af^er  debating  and  wrangling  to  the 
last  moment,  Imve  all  dispersed  and  the  leaders  fled, 
some  across  the  Loh-e  with  tlie  army;  and  others  to 
different  ports  to  embark,  A  Paris  paper  of  the  8th 
says,  at  six  o'clock,  yesterdaj-,  general  Uessolles, 
commander  of  the  national  guard  sent  a  body  of 
men  and  closed  the  chamber^  of  the  peers  and  re- 
present*^ vcs. 


The  gi-and  staff  of  the  allied  armies  In  and  near 
Paris,  with  JVellington  at  the  head,  about  300  in 
number,  paid  a  visit  to  the  king  of  France  in  his  pa- 
lace on  the  16th  July,  and  were  all  presented  to 
him.  He  made  a  personal  acknowledgment  to  the 
duke  for  his  humanity  and  the  good  conduct  of  his 
aimiy  towards  the  French  people. 

The  prince  of  Orange,  by  proclamation  has  de- 
clared the  annexation  of  Belgium  to  Holl;uid» 
agi-ecably  to  the  treaty  made  at  London  by  the  al- 
lied powers  in  the  month  of  June  1814.  lie  now 
takes  the  title  of  king  of  Netherlands,  prince  of 
Orange,  Nassau,  grand  duke  of  Luxem.burg,  &.c. 

A  letter  from  Bordeaux,  of  tlie  2qth  of  July,  con- 
tains the  following: 

"The  allied  powers  must  and  will  be  paid  fir  the 
trouble  and  expense  incurred.  20,000  men,  it  ia 
said,  will  remain  in  France  for  some  time,  until  a 
new  army  can  be  re-organized  on  diflereiit  princi- 
ples." 

A  new  declaration  of  the  allied  pov.^sra  is  expect* 
ed  to  appear  immediately. 

The  accounts  from  England  ailirm,  that  perma- 
ment  garrisons  of  foreign  troops  are  to  be  kept  in 
tlie  principal  fortress  of  France:  12,000  troops  hav^ 
proceeded  to  reinforce  the  English  army  in  the  vi- 
cinity  of  Paris — a  clear  proof  that  Louis,  IS,  is  the 
desired  of  tlie  French  people! 

The  duke  of  Otranto,  who  proved  treacherous  to 
Bonaparte,  is  said  to  have  accepted  an  office  tem- 
porarily imder  Louis,  on  condition  that  tlie  kmg- 
should  observe  the  moderate  course  he  has  jn-omis- 
ed,  and  of  which  he  (Fouche)  set  an  example  in  his 
own  conduct. 

Tlie  French  official  papers,  in  5  sheets,  contain 
tain  the  acts  of  the  cong-ress  of  Vienna  for  dividing 
Europe.  A  suminary  of  them  may  be  received  and 
shall  be  inserted.  ' 

AVellington  lias  been  crontedfrnnce  of  Waterloo,  by 
the  king  uf  the  Netherlands,  who  has  also  confer- 
red upon  him  the  estate  of  La  Belle  Alliance. 

In  an  eloquent  letter  from  Fouche  to  Louis  XVIII. 
he  conjures  him  "to  believe  that  tiie  French  people 
iittacli,  at  present,  as  much  importance  to  their  li- 
bert}'  as  to  Uieir  lives,"  &c.  and  urges  him  to  make 
concessions  before  they  be  extorted  from  hi;u  by 
calamitous  events. 

Tl'.e  Austrian  army,  under  the  prince  of  Schwart- 
zcnburg.  liad  arnvcri  at  Fontainbleau,  after  much 
hard  fighting  with  tl,e  Frencli  garrisons. 

The  royal  cliambcr  of  deputies  was  dissolved  the 
14th  July,  and  a  new  election  was  to  take  place  on 
the  14th  and  22d  August.  A  new  house  of  peers  is 
to  be  formed. 

The  island  of  Elba  has  been  given  back  in  sove^ 
reig-ntj-  to  the  grand  duke  of  Tuscany. 

His  Sicilian  majesty  (king  Feidhiand  IV.)  enter- 
ed Naples,  his  capital,  on  the  Ifth  June,  after  an 
absence  of  nine  years. 

A  Paris  paper,  of  tlie  17th  July,  has  the  follow- 
ing- curious  article.  It  is  proper  to  remark,  on  ac- 
count of  the  allusion  to  the  r-iolet,  tliat  that  color 
was  the  secret  badge  of  the  adherents  of  J^apoleon 
Bonaparte,  during  is  absence  at  Elba;  the  leaders  of 
which  had  formed  tliemselves  into  a  secret  associa- 
tion, having  certain  Vvords  by  which  to  know  each 
other.  &.C. 

"Yestei'daj'  we  remarked  in  the  public  prome- 
nades, a  number  of  persons,  always  walking,  three 
or  fuiu"  together,  and  wearing  in  the  button-holes  of 
their  coat  a  red  pink.  Many  citizens,  perliaps  too 
readily  alarmed,  have  conceived  tliis  pink  to  be  the 
successor  of  the  violet,  and  a  rallying  sign.  Some 
quarrels  took  place  ;  the  most  serious,  of  v.'hich  we 
'  v/erg  eye-witj,iesses-  0CQure4  on  the  boulevvd  «f 


5Q     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTEll— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBERS,  181^ 


the  Temple.     Rcveval  of  llieklng-'s  giiai-ds,  rightor  Boissy    d'Anglas,   C.nclaus,    Casabiancaj   Montes- 


Wrong-,  took  offence  at  soine  words  uttered  among- 
a  g-roupe  of  indlvidual.i,  all  of  wliom  wore  tlic  red 
pink.  Acts  succeeded  to  words,  and  the  crowd  and 
the  tumult  equally  augnicited.  Some  seditious  cries 
were  lieard,  but  the  disai)pearance  of  the]3rinci])al 
sictors  in  the  affi-ay  terminated  a  scandalous  scene, 
V'liich  doubtless  will  not  be  renewed.  It  is  to  be  hop- 
ed that  the  pu'olic  will  be  able  to  prevent  the  re- 
currence of  s'lcji  events,  and  to  defeat  the  projepts 
of  the.;e  wiK>  ndight  be  inclined  to  disturb  the  pub- 
Jic  tranquility. 

Two  men  presented  themselves,  yesterday,  to  the' 
keeper  of  tiie  Tlraillories.  One  of  tiiem  wore  the 
decoration  assumed  by  the  national  guard  of  Ror- 
cleaux.  Tliey  requested  that  the  d'-ess  of  tlie  body 
guards  should  be  given  tliem,  in  order,  as  t;:cy  ijaid, 
that  they  might  aijproach  his  majesty,  ami  present 
a  petition  to  him.  This  story  appeared  siiiipiclo'is, 
and  the  cominiisary  of  t'le  poiice  w.is  infovr.ied  of 
tlie  affair.  He  interrogated  them  ;  but  the}*  liad  no 
pajier  about  tlieai,  not  even  the  petivion  of  wiicl 


quieu,    Pontecouiant,    Kampo.r,    Segur,    Valence^ 
Belliard. 

(Jreat  division  of  opinion  prevails  at  Paris — M^ 
DarnonviUe  reproaches  witji  baieness  and  sycopUau- 
cy  tliose  wlio  flatter  tlie  court;  it  is  a  disgrace,  he 
says,  to  rejoice  wl>en  "ihe  blood  of  2),000  Frencli- 
men  was  still  reeking."  This  rcproacli  is  angrily 
retorted.  The  "Independent"  acci-ses  the  Journ.al 
de  Paris  of  denouncing  go-)d  ci  izens — ves,  replies 
its  editor,  as  Cicero  denounced  Cataline  and  Yqi-- 
res.  Tl;ese  brief  selections  give  a  glimpse  of  the 
temper  of  Paris  au'd  the  state  of  the'coantry. —  Col. 

Tiie  followini;;  is  the  answer  which  the  dc]iuties 
of  the  provisional  government  received  fi-om  Uie 
allied  cabhiet : 

"Nu^-usTiau,  Ji'.Ir  1. 

"The  three  powers  regard  as  an  essential  condi 
tiou  of  ]ie;<ce  and  of  d'.u-able  iranqnijity,  that  Xar 
poleon.  Uonap.irte  .;hail  be  pat  out  of  a  st'de  to  trou- 
idc,  bii  any  chnna:^  the  rep0:.e  c^  Fr.race  and  Eu- 
rope; and  after  the  events  wjiich  occuiTcd  in  the 


'th(  y  had  spokcii.     They  were  immediately  a:  restedt  moiith  of  IMarc!-.  last,  the  allied  powers  e>'.pect  that 
and  ctmv  eyed  to  tlie  oiiice  of  the  prefect  of  police.       his  piu'son  wii^  be  delivered  up  into  tijeir  keepixig- 

AVehave  stated,  on  the  authority  of  severd  jour-i  Walimuk.n-, 

ju.ls,  tliat  a  v.'ar  contribution  of  one  hundred  mi'-  Cato. D'Istria. 


lions  had  been  required  Piom  Paris  by  the  Prussiar.s, 
and  the  king  had  obtained  its  reduction  Ijo  eight 
millions." 

It  was  understood  at  London,  abotit  the  12th  of 
July,  that  the  French  army  be3"ond  the  Loire 
amounted  to  about  70,000  men. 

L(nvl  C:istlereagh  arrived  at  Paris  on  tl\e  6tl;  qf 
Juh'. 


KCESRi:CK." 

NAPOLT^ON  BOVAPVRTE. 

Lnvjhm,  Jnhj  22it. — The  news  of  i3on:ipart«'s  sur- 
render to  tlie  British  lleet  gave  rise  to  it  number  of 
extraordinary  reports  here  yesterday. — Every  de- 
sciiptioii  of  lousiness  .appeared  to  liave  been  t~jrgat- 
ten.  His  s'lrrende."  was  in  the  mouth  of  every  one, 
atfordhig  fb,)tl  for  the  most  ludicrous  conversation, 
rhe  Prussian  troops  are  accused  pf  liaving  plun-  Some  doul)ted  the  fact;  but  at  4  o'clock  all  doubts 


dered  and  destroyed  the  pulaces  of  St.  Cloud  and 
IMalmaison. 


were  put  at  rest,  by  tlie  receipt  of  an  official  lettej- 
by  lord  Castlereagh  from  tiie  duke  of  Otranto,  con- 


Louis  v/as  received  at  Paris  witli  the  cry  of  v'n>e  taining  an  o!Ticial  despatch  of  the  IZtii  of  July,  of 
li  roi.  IwJiirli  the  following  is  is  an  extract: 


PnoscnipTiox. — A  decree  issued  by  Louis  IS,  on 
the  25th  .Tuly,  singles  out  for  example  the  following 
general  officers,  accused  of  treason  against  the  king 
before  the  2od  of  .Aloa'ch,  &;c. 

Ney,  1-abedoyere,  the  two  brothers  Lallem.ant, 
Prouet  d'Erlon,  Leiebvre,  Desnouettes,  Ameilh, 
J3ra3-er,  Cilly,  Monton  Duvernct,  (iroucliy.  Clause', 
Jjaborde,  liebelie,  B,frti'and,  Drouot  C;uubrone, 
i^avalctte,  llovigo. 

"2.  The  individuals  wlio^e  names  follow,  viz. 

Soult,  Ali\,  Kxcelmans,  Bassttno,  Marbot,  ]'"elix, 
Lcpelletier,  Boulay  de  la  Aleurthe,  Mehee,  Fre:<si- 
net,  Thibaudeau,  Cm  not,  Vandamnie,  Lamarque, 
(general),  l./obau.  Hard,  Fire,  Barrere,  Arnault, 
Ponimereuil,  Regnanlt  de  St.  Jean  d'Angely,  Ar- 
riglii  (de  Padouc),  Dejean  son,  Garrau,  Real,  Bou- 
vier,  Dumolard,  Merlin  de  Donai,  Durbach,  Dirat, 
Defermont,  Rory,  Soint  A'incent  Felix  Uesportes, 
Garnier  de  Saint es,  AJellinet,  Hullin,  Cluys,  Cour- 
iin,  Forbin  Janson  eldest  son,  Le  LorgneDldeville. 
shall  depart  witliin  tliree  days  from  tlie  city  of  Pa- 
li'is,  and  retire  into  the  interior  of  France,  to  such 
places  as  our  nunister  of  the  general  police  shall 
point  out  for  them,  Nvheretiiey  siiall  rciuain  under 
^-irvfiHance,  until  the  ch.ambcrs  shai".  decide  on  their 
case  \vhetlipr  they  ouglit  to  leave  the  kingdom,  or 
be  delivered  up  for  the  iirosecution  of  tlie  tribu- 
*ials." 

By  a  second  decree,  the  foUov/lng  peers  are 
struck  from  tiie  peerage. 

The  marshals  dukes  of  Dantzick,  Elchingen,  Al- 
tufer.a,  Conegiiano,  Treviso,  Tiie  dukes  of  Raslin, 
Plaisance,  Cadore,  counts  Clemcnt-de-Ris,  Colchen, 
€ornudet,  d'Abouvllle,  de  Croix,  Dedelay  d'Agiei 


After  having  closed  my  despatclies  to  you  of  this 
morning,  I  received  the  enclosed  commmunicatjoi): 

"i  h.avc  the  honor  to  make  knov/n  to  your  excel- 
lency that  Xapoleon  Ron.ap.u'tc,  finding  it  impossi- 
ble to  escape  tlie  British  c"uizers  and  troops  wlio 
v/ere  stationed  to  guard  the  coast,  c.imc  to  there- 
solution  of  going  on  board  tiie  British  ship  of  tlie 
line  Belleroplion,  captain  Maitluud.  1  iiave  the 
honor  to  be,  etc.  CSigned) 

'Le  Due  d'OTRAXTO." 
Bonaparte's  l.''tcr  V)  lh%'  J'riiice  Ii":<-^!t. 

"In  consequence  of  the  fictions  which  have  divid- 
ed my  country,  and  the  hatred  of  the  grcije^t  po^v- 
ers  ofEuroi^e,  I  have  teiminated  my  political  ca-< 
reer;  and  1  come,  like  Themistocles,  to  place  my- 
self under  the  protection  of  the  Rritisli  nation.  I 
[dace  myself  under  her  protection  and  her  laws, 
and  M'hich  I  demand  of  yoiir  royal  highnr-ss,  as  tht; 
most  powerful,  the  most  constant,  and  tJie  most 
generous  of  my  enemies." 
Despatches  from  M.  Ronne.^oux,  naval  commandant 

of  the  m.u'atimc  prefect,  to  the  minister  of  the 

marine,  d.ited 

Jffjc'i-'fort,  Jiihf  15,  10  in  the  rcviinti-- — In  execu- 
tion of  your  cxcell-'nc}'s  orders,  I  embarked  in  my 
Ijoat,  accomi>anied  by  baron  llicard,  prefect  of  the 
lower  Charante.  The  rejjorts  from  the  Roads  of 
the  Mtji,  had  not  reached  me,  but  twasinftrmed 
by  cai>lain  i'hillebert,  commanding  the  Amphitrite 
frigate,  that  Bonapai-te  has  ern'onvked  on  board  the 
Epervier  brig  as  a  flag  of  truce,  determined  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  English  cruising  station.  Accordingly 
at  day  break,  we  saw  him  manceuvring  to  make  the 
_._^ ,      o-     .-   English  ship  Belleroplion,  captain  Maitlaind,  who 

Dejeau,  Fabre  de  I'Ande,  Gasseiidi,  Licepedet  dc  [on  perceiving  that  Bonaparte  was  steering  towards, 

1  »        1         _         •'     .    .  .'.      „  .  .  g^ 


"■£atQur-.\l,vub..)VU-jj3  .da  E,trrai,  iyt^ibjsliop  of  Tqcrsjiii'i'';  UaU-Aio^'^i  ^'C  v/luts  f.a^at  l^i  mwc 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES, 


il 


^pMjai'te,  and  the  persons  composin,^  his  suite,  were  rrvlev. .     At  this  moment  our  people  left  hkn  to  re» 
■refeeivcd  on  boiird  the  Eng-lish  ship.     The  oIHcer  1  turn  to  tlie  isle  of  AJx. 

wliom  I  hud  lefr.  to  make  observations,  comniiini- 1      I  can  assure  you  oftlie  accm-acy  of  these  details, 
ctited  to  me  this  important  news,  and  g-enerid  Beck-  j  They  are  not  hearsirv — I  was  present. 

Extract  from  the  'ijjlcial  corrufboniPnce   of  the  mari; 
lime  prefect  of  Jiurluf/rt. 

Koi:iIKFOTlT,  JULY  17. 

My  lord — I  liave  the  honor  to  inft)vin  yoar  exrel- 
lency,  that  his  Britannic  majesty's  ship  Bellero- 
phon,  on  board  of  which  Napoleon  Bonaparte  em- 
i)arked  on  the  Ijth  of  this  month,  set  sail  ior  Eiig"- 


er  wjio  anived  .■joon  after  coiitirmed  it. 

(Higned)  BONXEFOUX. 


FT-omaPoris  iiaper,  of  Juhj  25. — Extract  of  a  let- 
ter, dated  Jiochfort,  Juhj  J9.— "I  can  at  leng-tli  give 
you  authentic  particulars  respecting  tlie  dcpartiu-e 
of  the  man  who  iias  done  us  so  nuich  evil,  llis  last 
moments  u]>on  the  French  .'loil  did  not  answer  the 
jjxpectations  of  hispia-tiz.ins.  Wliy  could  tliej' not 
all  have  been  witnesses  of  theiu  like  us  .''  They 
would  soon  have  forg-otten  liim. 

During  his  stay  in  the  road,  Bonaparte  cxhibitedon- 
Jy  weakness  and  hesitation  in  t!ie  measures  that  lie 
sought  to  t;tke  to  ei^cape  from  his  enemies.  To  liis 
embarrassment  and  h is  an:*;  i eties  was  joined  an  insur- 
inoantablc  drowsiners  thai  took  possession  of  his 
senses.  Both  at  the  Isle  of  Ais,  wiiere  he  remain- 
ed two  days,  and  onboai-d  of  the  Saal,  sleep  woidd 
jbverpovt'er  liim,  even  in  tlic  midst  of  conversation. 
The  more  pressing  the  danger  became,  the  more 
his  indecision  augmented.  He  distrusted  tiie  advice 
that  WdS  given  to  liim  to  save  him.  The  project  of 
departing  witii  the  frigates  had  been  abandoned, 
since  tiie  English  commander  iiad  refused  to  let 
liim  p:a.-5.  lie  resolved  to  ilef^nd  himself  at  the 
fcle  of  Aix;  lie  erased  tiie  14th  crew  to  be  exercis- 
ed for  ;i  siiort  time,  and  tlie  batteries  to  be  prepar- 
ed ii}  case  of  attack;  but  by  the  confession  even  of 
Lis  Wiumiest  partizans,  eye-witnesses,  his  energy  had 
■t<^?taUy  abandoned  hira;    he  had  no  more  ideas. 

'io  the  acclamations  of  our  seamen,  he  answered 
■tliat  it  v/as  too  late;  that  he  had  been  left  in  igno- 
Vance  of  the  devo/ioii  uf  his  ma'Hne-~'i\\s.t  those  corps 
ouglit,to  have  been  ciOuied,  and  tliat  he  saw  plaini}' 
tiiat  Decres  had  deceived  him  like  tlie  rest.  At 
last,  in  the  midst  of  all  his  uncertainties,  he  takes 
;i  fancy  to  freignl  a  iJanish  vessel,  and  to  escape,  if 
he  can,  the  English  cruisers:  upon  rf  flection,  he  re- 
luiquishes  that  expedient;  another  is  tiien  employ- 
ed— tv.'o  French  vessels  are  purcliased  for  the  sum 
of  1400  francs;  they  are  armed  in  haste.  EigJit  of- 
ficers of  the  14tli,  dressed  as  seamen,  composed  ids 
icrew;  tliey  v.ere  commanded  by  .M.  Uent,  captain 
In  that  corps.  The  roil  d'equipage,  made  out  at 
flic  naval  office,  was  sent  on  board.  It  was  tiien 
Ijelicved  that  the  meiisiu-e  was  detcrmhied  upon. — 
Every  tlung"  was  ready  for  setting  oil'.  But  ^I.  Ber- 
trand'  and  liis  wife  were  in  tears;  tliey  were  af- 
frighted at  so  periloivi  a  voyage,  undertaken  in  a 
frail  bark  of  12   tons. 

Bonap.u'te  assembles  on  board  the  coimcil,  and 
enquires  what  are  the  dangers  to  which  he  is  to  be 
exposed.  The  commandant  Phdebert  declares  to 
him  tliat  he  cannot  be  answerable  for  the  success  of 
tlie  voyage;  all  theo.*Ticers  are  of  the  same  opinion. 
It  is  tl\en  that  he  takes  tlie  resolution  of  delivering 
lip  himself  to  his  enemies — thus  terminating  his 
bloody  cui'eer  by  an  act  of  cowardice.'  On  the  loth, 
jit-l  o'clock  in  the  morning,  dressed  in  the  habit  oi' 
a  dragoon,  accompanied  by  his  suite,  he  leaves  tlie 
frigate.  He  had  personally  suiKriniended  the  em- 
barkation of  his  people  "and  of  h's  ellicts.  The 
wintl  and  tide  were  contrary;  he  did  not  arrive  un- 
til eiglit  o'clock  on  board  of  the  English  comman- 
der, who  was  at  anchor  in  the  Uoad  dcs  Basques. — 
He  was  very  well  received.  Assuming  a  lirni  coiui- 
tciiaiice,  he  said  "the  fate  of  anns' leads  me  to  my 
inost  cruel  e.iemy,  but  1  reiy  upon  his  honor."  Af- 
terwards he  questioned  the  officers  res'pectlng  the 
ibi-ce  of  tiie  ship,  and  about  all  her  armament,  and 
■^■aji.<fd  ftbvyt  -^  UiQ  b:\ttcrks  as'  U"  i^  lutd  been  a 


lam]  yesterday  the  16th,    at  one  o'clock  in  tl-e   ut- 
ternoon. 

That  vessel  carries,  besides  tliat  personage,  al^. 
his  foUovver.s,  a  list  of  whom  is  annexed;  tiie}'  werq 
at  first  divided  between  the  frigates  La  Saal  and 
La  Meduse;  they  afterwards  pa!5sed  in  the  evenine 
of  the  14th  to  the  brig  L'E])errier,  and  scliooner  la 
Sophie,  from  whenf;e  tliey  went  on  board  vessels 
belonging  to  tlie  English  divLsion,  commanded  by 
admiral  sir  Henry  Hotliani. 

List  of  the  pririclpal  personages  embarked  in  \\r% 
Belleropliqn  with  Xapoleon  Bonaparte: 

Lieutenant-general  coimt  Bcrtrand,  grand  mai-- 
slial  of  the  palace. 

The  countess  Bertrand  and  three  cliildren. 

Lieutenant-general  tlie  duke  dc  Jlovigo» 

1  /leutenant-general  Talleman. 

]Sraj[)r-general  the  baron  GoiU'gaud,  aid-de-camp 
of  Xapoleon. 

Mapr-general  Montliolon-Semonville,  do. 

The  countess  .MQi>tholon-Semonvi!le. 

The  count  de  las  Casas,  cotmsellor  of  state,  an4 
Iiis  son. 

M.  de  Rcsigny,  clief  d'e:?cadrGn,  ofRcier  d'ordonr 
nance. 

M.  Planat,  clief  d'escadron,  officier  d'ordonnance^ 

]M.  Autrie,  lieutenant,  oi'icier  el'Drdomii^ipe. 

M.  Scliultz,  chef  d'escadron. 

M.  Pohitkorski,  captain. 

M.  Mcrclier,  capt^dn. 

M.  Mahigault,  surgeon  to  Xapqleon. 

[Here  follows  the  names  of  forty  persons,  con%; 
poshig  the  suite  of  Napoleon,  and  of  the  othei'  p<iSf 
sengers  embarked  with  hirri.] 


(Signed) 


Tlie  Iiaron  BONXEFOUX. 


To  his  excellency  the  niinls';cr  secretary 
of:;tatefo"  the  department  of  nia- 
rhie  and  colonies. 
Report  viiuls  to  his  exccUency  the  mhiistcr  of  majina 

and  colonics,  bij  J\T.  de  Riffiiii,  captain  of  a  frigate, 

sent  upon  a  mission  to  Roclnfort: 

Mr  LOUD — I  have  the  honor  to  render  to  your  ex- 
cellency an  account  of  tlie  information  that  I  liave 
collected,  relative  to  the  mission  with  which  I  have 
just  been  charged  at  lioclicfort. 

Upon  my  ai'rival  at  tills  port,  on  the  morning  oi 
tlie  Igth,  I  learned  that  Najjoleon  Bonaparte  had 
de]i.u-ted  for  EngLand,  in  his  Brltar.nlc  raaiesty's 
ship  Bellerophon,  c;iptalii  .Maitland,  on  die  16tii  of 
July,  at  half  past  one  in  the  afccrnoon. 

Sly  Instructions,  prescribing-  me  to  have  on  this 
suVjject  official  coiamunications  witli  admiral  Hoth- 
a.m,  command::ig  the  English  squadron,  1  hastened 
to  write  to  him,  addressing  to  iiim  at  the  same 
tlmp  despatelies  from  Mr.  Croker,  secretary  oftlie 
admiralty  of  England,  of  which  I  v.-as  the  bearer. — 
Those  letters  were  delivered  to  the  admiral  by  lien- 
tenant  Freiu'iau,  ^^■hom  his  excellency  was  pleased 
to  associate  with  me. 

It  appears  from  tlie  differ  cut  communications 
that  1  have  had  v.ith  the  Englisli  admiral  and  M.  the 
maritime  prefect,  that  Na'poieon  liaving  arrived  at 
llochefort  on  the  3d  July,  took  up  his  residence  at 
Ike  mai'itiiiie  wefcctiwe  uii1,il  the  Stk    P;-e:;3cd  bj 


12     TWLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBERS,  1815. 

general  Becker,    who  had  been  char[,'-ecl  to    escort,  thecommandantoFtlieplacenothaving-yetreceived 


:ind  see  him  on  board,  and  by  M.  the  b:iron  TJonne- 
foux,  maritime  prefect,  to  avail  himself  of  evcrv 
opportunity  afforded  bjtlie  wind  and  tide,  lie  deter- 
mined at  len.^^th  to  embark  in  the  boats  tliat  were 
waitinp;  for  him  at  every  tide,  and  repaired  at  ten 
o'clock  in  the  evenlnj^  on  board  the  Saal,  and  caus- 
ed his  suite  to  be  tlivided  between  that 
and  tlie  Mcduse. 

The  next  morning-,  the  9th,  he  landed  upon  the 
Isle  of  Aix,  and  visited  its  fortifications. 


fiig-atc 


On  the  10th,  the  wind  was   favorable  for  putting- j  had  there  been  any  sucl\ 


the  orders  addressed  to  the  jjeaieral,  M.  the  Baron 
de  Bunnefoux  was  of  opinion,  that  he  ought  to  wait, 
in  order  to  act  in  concert  with  that  supe;nor  oRRcer, 
who  r.oon  received  from  major  general  Rertrand, 
commanding- the  department  of  the  Lower  Charente, 
orders  to  follow  tlie  movements  of  the  marine. 

1  oug-ht  not  to  omit  informing-  j^our  Excellency, 
that  the  wise  measures  tikcn  l)y  M.  the  Maritime- 
Prefect  and  m.jor  gen-ral  I>ertrand  would  have 
prevented  the  intentions  of  ill-designing'  persons. 


to  sea — but  the  English  cruisers  and  the  bright 
moon  left  the  frigate  hut  little  hope  of  escaping. 

Between  the  10th  and  the  11th,  Napoleon  sent  in 
a  flag  of  truce  on  board  the  F.ng-lish  ship  BcUero- 
phon,  the  generals  Savary  and  Las  Casas.  The  flag 
of  truce  rctiu-ned  on  tlie  11th. 

Between  the  11th  and  12th,  Napaleon  learned 
from  his  brother   Joseph    the   dissolution   of  the 


IJochefort  and  Rnchelle  are  animated  by  the  best 
spirit;  and  those  p;a-ts,  which  were  the  last  under 
the  influence  of  Bonaparte,  have  not  on  that  account 
failed  to  be  tlie  first  to  manifest  their  devotion  to 
the  king's  person,  and  their  joy,  on  le:u-ning  tlie 
return  of  om*  august  monai-ch'  to  his  capital. 

Your  excellency  will  find  annexed  tlie  copy  of  a 
letter  addressed  by  Napoleon  to  the 


prmce  regent 
chambers,  and  tlie  entry  of  the  King,  into  Paris.  I  of  England,  and  whlch'nuist  have  reached  his  royai 
Until  then,  Bonaparte  had  often  expressed  the  opi-  higliuess  tlirougli  the  medium  of  tlie  English  squad- 


nion  that  the  cliambers  would  recall  him,  eitlicr  be 
cause  he  wished  the  authorities  that  surrounded 
liim  to  believe  so,  or  because  he  really  entertained 
such  an  ex))ectation. 

On  t!ie  r2i:h  he  landed  upon  the  island  of  Aix 
•vith  liis  suite  and  tlieir  baggage,  and  in  the  ntglit 
between  the  12th  and  13th,  tv.o  half  decked  lioats 
arrived  there  fro-.n  Bochelle.  It  appeared  that  Na- 
poleon liad  caused  them  to  be  pm-chased  with  the 
intention  of  eniharking  iu  tliem,  and  of  endeavour- 
ing to  gain,  by  favo\-  of  the  night,  a  Danish  smack, 
with  w  liich  it  is  supposed  he  had  agreed,  and  who 
was  to  wait  for  him  at  SO  or  40  leagues  distance 
xn  tlic  offing.  It  is  not  known  why  he  did  not  a- 
vail  himself  of  these  arrangements,  but  doubtless 
they  appeared  to  him  to  be  too  hazardous. 

In  the  niglit  between  the  13th  and  14th,  he  went 
aboard  the  French  brig  I'J'^pervier;  and  on  tiie 
evening  of  the  14th,  general  Becker,  v.ho  had 
been  with  a  flag  on  board  of  the  Englisli  squad- 
ron, having  returned,  Napoleon  caused  his  suite 
arid  their  baggage  to  be  embarked  in  the  Eper- 
vicr. 

On  the  15th,  in  the  morning,  that  vessel  was  per- 
ceived making  sail  as  a  fag  of  truce  towards  the 
urlmir;d's  ship;  the  sea  not  ])ei-mitting  her  to 
■  pproach  quickly,  the  English  boats  met  her  and 
t-,-ansportcd  the  passengers  on  board  the  Bcllero- 
j)lion.  Under  these  circumstances,  lieiit.  Jourdan, 
commander  oftiie  Epervier,  conceived  it  his  duty 
to  request,  and  accordingly  obtained  from  the 
commander  of  the  Bellerophon,  a  written  attesta- 
tion of  his  having  taken  Bonaparte  onboardof  tliat 
vessel. 

On  the  same  day  a  frigate  belonging  to  the  squad- 
ron set  sail  for  England. 

On  the  16th,  the  Bellerophon  set  sail  at  half  past 
one  in  the  afternoon.  The  lightness  and  the  direc- 
tion of  the  wind  that  has  prevailed  since,  does  not 
admit  of  the  supposition  that  slie  could  liave  arriv- 
ed on  the  English  coast,  before  the  19tli  or  20th. 

On  the  17th,  the  maritime  prefect  of  Uocliefort 


ron. 


1  pi-ay  jroiu-  excellency  to  accept  the  homage  of 
my  profound  respect,  il.  DE  RIGNY. 


AXF.CnOTES    OF    DtfJfAPARTK. 

.?«  Exeter  (Eng.)  paper  sai/s — "I^inaparte,  we 
arc  told,  walks  the  deck  freely  and  sometimes* 
talks  to  the  sailors.  The  officers  treat  him  witil* 
great  politeness. 

London  Ji/ht  20. — The  Cabinet  have  not  ^  et,  we 
believe,  finally  resolved  on  the  spot  to  whicli  Bo- 
naparte shall  be  sent.  St.  Helena  is  still  .spoken 
of,  but  with  less  confidence  that  when  his  uncon- 
ditional surrender  to  us  was  first  known. — Mean- 
while he  remains  on  board  the  Bellerophon.  Up- 
on the  arrival  of  the  vessel  at  Torbay,  captain 
Maitland  made  the  signal  for  general  orders,  tlie 
telegraphic  answer  to  which  was,  to  prohibit  all 
communication  with  the  shore,  and  to  stand  out 
three  leagues  to  sea,  and  await  the  orders  of  the 
Admiralty. 

A  gentleman  who  arrived  in  town  yesterday  e- 
vening,  and  wiio  left  the  Bellerophon,  states,  "that 
Bonaparte  was  almost  con^trmtly  upon  deck,  with 
his  glass,  reconnoitering,  frecpiently  walking  back- 
wards and  forwards  in  a  hurried  step,  and  inces- 
santly talking  to  himself. 

The  Bellerophon,  as  we  said  yesterday,  has  been 
ordered  to  Plymouth,  whfcre  strict  orders  have 
been  issued  to  prevent  all  intercourse  between  the 
shore  and  the  ship.  I'iie  curiosity  of  all  ranks,  as 
may  well  be  conceived,  is  excessive.  Persons 
from  London  and  from  other  parts  are  flocking 
down  to  Plymouth,  though  they  know  that  Bona- 
parte is  not  cxpectec'  to  Land,  and  that  they  cannot 
go  on  boiird  the  Bellerophon. — But  they  can  row- 
in  boats  around  tlie  vessel,  and  can  occasionally 
catch  a  glimpse  of  him. 

He  is  the  greater  part  of  tlie  day  in  the  stern  gal- 
lery, either  walking  backwards  and  forwards  widi 
his  hands  behind  him,  as  he  is  represented  in  some 
of  the  pictures  in  the  print   shops,  or  siirvc)  ing  the 


addressed  to  the  troops  and  seamen  under  Ids  or-   sliipping  and  shore  through  a  g!a,-,s.     In  general,  h 
ders,  aproclamation,  which,  in  announcing  the  retm-n  '  ■ 
of  his  majesty  to  Paris,  amidst  the  acclamations  of 
all  the  inhabitants,  du-ected  them  at  the  same  time 
to  assume  the  white  cockade. 

The  white  flag  was  hoisted  upon  the  forts,  and 
on  board  of  the  vessels  in  the  road,  on  the  17th  at 
noon,  and  saluted  by  the  artillery. 

Ever  since  the  15th,  M.  the  Baron  Bqunefoux  had 
manifested  his  intention  to  cause  those  colors  to 
t,be  i^olsted  by  the  troops  under  his  cviiuoand,  but 


keeps  alone,  Bertrand  and  Lallemand  remaining  at 
some  distance  behind  him.  Occasionally  lie  beck- 
ons to  some  of  them  to  point  out  something  to  liim, 
or  to  make  some  oliscrvation.  He  then  walks  on 
alone.  Captain  Aiaitland  is  more  frequently  witli 
him  than  any  of  his  suite,  and  he  pays  him  great  at- 
tention. He  is  in  good  health.  -\s  usual,  he  passes 
but  a  short  time  at  his  meals,  and  drinks  but  little 
wine.  He  is  said  to  di-ink  regularly  to  the  health 
Qf  tli^e  prince  regent.    Cgilce  i>>  /i-eoHeatly  served 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREtGN  ARtlCLES, 


iS 


\lp  to  him  -sn  the  deck,  and  when  he  fii-st  came  neai" 
the  hmd  about  Torbav,  he  is  reported  to  have  ex- 
claimed, "£;(/«,  voila  ce  beau  paiisP'  (At  length, 
here  is  this  fine  country!)  addinfC  that  he  had  never 

seen  it  except  from  Calais  to  Boulogne,  whence  the  ,      ,     ^,     ,,    ,  ,    ,  ,      .       ,     u 

only  points  tliat  could  be  seen  were  the  white  and  Compte  de  Montholon,  marshal  Bertrand,  the  ge- 
boid  rocks  about  Dover,     lie  is  plainly  dressed,   in  nerals  Savary  and  L'AUemand,  the  compte  de  Las- 


rived  at  Torliay,  and  this  morning  about  5  o'clock 
lieut.  Fletcher,  flag  lieutenant  of  sir  II.  Hotham, 
arrived  in  town  witii  despatches,  giving  an  account 
of  her  arrival  at  that  anchorage  with  Bonaparte  and 
his  suite,  consisting  of  45   persons,  viz.    marshal 


the 


Ifeneral  in  a  gi-een  coat,  without  any  decorations,  Icassfes,    three  lieut.  cols,    four   captains,  &c. 
and  a  cocked  hat.  countesses,    Montholon  and  Bertrand,  and   their 

\nother  paper  says— "On  board  the  Bellerophon  four  children. 
he  (Bonaparte)  seemed  to  think  him:<clf  emperor,  I     We  understand  that  the  Bellerophon  has  been  or= 
taking  possession  of  captaiu  Maitlaiul's  cabin,  and  { dered  round  to  Plymouth,  and  that  the  most  posl 
shortly  afterwards  invitied  him  to   dinner.     AV'hen  i 
he  first  went  on  board  tiie  Superb  this  morning,  \ 
Bertrand  first  a.scended  the  side,  and  was  introduc- 
ed to  the  admij-ui ;  IVapolcoii  followed — "The  em- 
peror,"  said  captain  M. — Napoleon  bowed  to  tlie 
admiral,  without  furtlier  ceremony  walked  into  the 
cabin,  and  sent  his  compliments  that  he  woidd  be 


glad  to  speak  with  him  !  ! 

♦'Nothing  escapes  his  notice  ;  his  eyes  are  in  eve- 
ry place,  und.on  every  object,  from  the  gi-eatest  to 
the  most  minute.  He  immediately  asked  an  expla- 
■ation  of  the  ropes,  blocks,  masts  and  yoi-ds,  and 
all  the  machmery  of  the  ship.  He  sent  for  the  boat- 
swain to  question  him  ;  that  ofiicer  always  fitting 
out  the  French  ships.  He  reques-Led  Uie  marines 
to  pass  in  review  before  him,  examined  the  ai-ms 
evolutions,  dress,  &c.  and  expressed  iiimself  high- 
ly pleased.     lie  enquired  into  the  situation  of  the 


tive  instruction  has  been  given  to  prevent  all  inter* 
course  with  the  ship,  that  none  of  the  party  will  be 
allowed  to  come  on  shore,  and  that  no  persons 
whatever  will  be  permitted  to  visit  tlie  ship.  St. 
Helena  is  still  mentioned  as  the  place  of  his  future 
destination. 

FnOM  TUS  LONDON  GAZETTE. 

Admiralty-ofBee,  July  25. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  captct/'/i.  JMaitland,  of  H.  J\f. 
ship  Bellevophmi,  tn  John   Wihmi   C'j'oker,  esq.  da- 
ted in  Manque  Roads,  the  14:th  inst. 
For  the  information  of  my  lords  commissioners 
of  the  admiralt}',  I  have  to  acquaint  you  that  the 
count  Las  Casses  and  general  Allemand,  this  day 
came  on  boar  I  his  majesty's  ship  under  my  com- 
mand, with  a  proposal  for  me  to  receive  on  board 
N.ipoleon  Bonaparte,   for  the  pm-pose  of  throwing 
himself  on  tlie  generosity  of  his  royal  highness  tlie 


seamen,  their  pay,  prize-money,  food,  tobacco,  &c. 

and  when  told  of  theh-  being  supplied  by  a  pui-ser 

or  commissary,  asked  if  he  was  not  a  rogue. 

"In  conversing  with  the  admiral,  lie  said,  "I  have 

ffiven  myself  up  to  the  English  ;  but  I  would  not 

have  done  so  to  any  other  of  the  allied  powers  ;  hi 

surrendering  to  any  of  tliem  I  should  be  subject  to 

the  caprice  and  will  of  an  individual ;  in  submitting 

to  the  English  I  place  myself  at  the  meicv  of  a  na- 
tion." 

The  following  particulars  ai-e  equally  curious  and 

ihterestiug.      We   derive   them   from   head-quar- 
ters : — 

"0)1  hoard  the  Bellerophon — By  some  passengers 

who  came  in  the  Bellerophon  it  appears,  that  Bona- 

pai'te  was  quite  at  his  ease  on  board  that  ship;  took 

possession  of  the  captain's  cabin,  sa?is  ceremonie,  in- 
vited the  officers  of  the   ship  to  his  table,  talked 

with  great  freedom  on  the  present  state  of  things, 

said  it  was  impossible  for  the  Bourbons  to  govern 

l-Yance,  and  that  Napoleon  11.  would  be  very  soon 

::ccalled  to  the  throne,  thatFouche  was  an  ajss,  and 

totally  mifit  for  the  office  assigned  to  liim.     He  ac- 

knowledg-ed  that  England  alone  had  ruined  all  his 

grand  plans,  and  that  but  for  her  he  liad   been  now 

emperor  of  the  east  as  well  as  the  west.  He  walk- 
ed on  the  poop  and  quarter-deck,  conversed  with 

the  seamen,  and  affected  gi-eat  gaity  and  unconcern. 
In  short,  such  is  the  talent  of  tiiis  "child  and  cham- 
pion of  jacobinism,"  that  before  they  airived  in 
'I'orbay  he  \v'as  considered  by  all  on  board  a  devilish 

^ood  fello-m. 

Ojhisfamnt/.  Joseph  Bonaparte  is  to  be  sent  to 
Husbia,  Jerome  to  Prussia,  Lucicn  to  Engbnd,  Louis 

to  Austria,  madame  Ljetetia  and  coi-diual  Fesch  to 
Rome,  M.  Hortense  to  Switzerland— and  it  is  said 
that  jMurat  embarked  at  Toulon  for  England,  about 
the  18th  of  July. 

IVhat  will  be  done  -coith  Bonaparte?  is  asked  by  eve- 
ry one — bui  no  one  is  able  to  frame  an  answer  sa- 
tisfactory even  to  himself.  The  British  cabhiet 
seem  .ilso  bothered  about  it— thomrli  tliey  "suck  at 
nothing." 

Luudon,  Jiihj  29. — Yesterday  evening  it  was  an- 
nouixced  by  telegraph  that  the  Bdievoiihon  wa.s  iii-'is  minister  of  polige,  and  tiiat  he  only  accepts  thi;; 


prince  regent. 

Conceiving  myself  authorised  by  their  lordships 
secret  order,  I  have  acceded  to  the  proposal,  and 
he  is  to  embark  on  board  this  sliip  to-morrow  morn- 

That  no  misunderstanding  may  arise,  I  have  ex- 
plicitly and  clearly  explained  to  the  count  Lass  Ca.s- 
4>es,  that  I  have  no  authority  whatever  for  granting 
terms  of  any  sort;  but  that  all  I  can  do  is  to  convey 
him  and  his  suite  to  England,  to  be  received  in 
siicli  manner  as  his  royal  highness  may  deem  ex- 
pedient. 

Naxtes,  July  23. 

The  journal  of  this  city  contains  the  following 
letter  :— 
The  marshal  pnnce  of  Echitmhl,  c  immaiiderin  chief  of 

the  armies  on  the  left  bunk  of  the  Loire,  to  lieutenant 

generalJMaux.  Lamarque,  cominander  in  chief  of  the 

army  at  the  Loire. 

"OnLEAx.s,  July  11,  1815. — The  army,  on  quitting 
Pai'is  and  retiring  behind  the  Loire,  according  to  the 
terms  of  the  convention  of  L.ic  Sd  of  July,  left  near 
the  provisional  government  commissioners  j^ppoint- 
ed  to  require  instructions,  in  case  a  new  govern- 
ment should  be  established. 

"These  commissioners,  in  rendering  an  account, 
to  the  army  of  the  late  events  of  the  capital  and^ 
the  entrance  of  the  king,  have  hiformed  me  of  the 
overtm-es  which  has  been  made  to  them  to  induce 
the  army  to  recognise  that  its  upion  with  the  sys- 
tem of  the  government  could  alone  prevent  the  dis- 
solution of  the  state. 

"The  commissioners,  in  their  communications 
give  the  assiu-ance,  that  under  a  constitutional  go- 
vernment u"  re-action  is  to  be  feared  ;  that  the  pas- 
sion will  be  neutralized  ;  that  the  ministry  will  be 
one  and  responsible ;  that  men  and  principles  will 
be  respected  ;  that  arbitriu-y  dismissals  shall  not, 
take  place  ;  that  the  army  shall  be  treated  conforma- 
bli)  to  its  hoiicr  :  tliese  ai-e  the  terms  transmitted  by 
tlie  commissioners. 

*'As  a  pledge  and  proof  of  what  they  advance,, 
they  state,  as  a  certainty,  tliat  marshal  St.  Cyr  is 
appointed  minister  of  war  ;  that  the  duke  of  Otran.<<^ 


14,    NILES'  AVEEIvLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  feEPTEMBfeR  ^,  hU 

iSflRce  with  Die  assurance  luat  the  goverameiv.  will  The  Britisii  government  li.is  officiallr  announces 
proceed  in  a  spirit  of  moderation  and  wisdom,  of  j  the  cessation  of  hostilities  "on  the  coast  of  Ir-mce '*' 
M'liicii  he  himself  lias  always  g-iven  tlie  example.  and  ag.iiiist  all  French  vessels  undcv  the  whit"  tl-ir 
«0u  these  conditions,  national  interest  oug-ht  j— Napoleon  IJonaparte  havino- surrendered  him:  Jf 
freely  to  unite  the  army  to  the  king-.  Tiiesc  inte-j  Jhisscld.jrf,  June  20.  Uonaparte's  traverdii}>' k-U'l 
rests  require  sacrifices  ;    they  slioiild  be  made  wil-   riai^-c,  which  was  taken  bv  tlic  Trussian  maior  Kcl- 


ling-ly,  with  a  modest  energ-y  ;  the  army  subsisting-^ 
tlic  army  united,  will  become,  should  our  inisfor- 
tiines  increase,  tlie  centre  and  rallyhig-  point  of  ail 
Frenchmen,  even  the  moSt  violent  royalists. 

''Every  one  must  feel  that  the  union  and  the  obli- 
vion of  dl  disscntions  can  alone  eH'eci  the  salvation 
of  France,  wliich  will  become  impo.4,'.il)le,  siiouid 
hesitation,  diiterence  of  opinion,  or  private  consi- 
(lerations  brin,^  dissolution  to  the  army,  either  by 
its  own  means,  or  those  of  foreig'n  force. 

"Let  us  imite,  tlien — let  us  never  separate.  The 
Vendean.i  have  g-iven  us  a  toucliing-  example  ;  they 
have  written  to  us  offering'  to  lay  asiile  all  resent- 
ments, and  to  unite  with  us  in  the  patriotic  wish 
cf  preventing  all  dismembei-ment  of  the  coimtry. 
Let  us  be  Fi-enchmen  ;  you  know  tiiat  this  senti- 
ment always  reigned  exclusively  in  my  soul ;  it  will 
only  leave  ine  with  my  latest  breatli.  In  this  name 
I  demand  jour  conhdenc-e  ;  I  am  sure  of  meriting- 
and  obtiuning  it. 

(Signed)         "The  marslial  commander  in  chief, 
"'I'he -prince  Oi*Eckmi-ul."    ^ 

X.  B. — T'nere  is  in  this  letter  several  purag-raplis 
-vvhich  appear  to  us  unintelligible ;  events  will  douljt- 
leks  explain  them.  The  wliole  contents  of  the  let- 
ter aj-c  contradictory  to  the  positive  accoimt  of  the 
ru-mv  liaving  submitted  to  the  khig  as  it  ought  to  do, 
.  purely  and  simply.  [  Gir-ettc  de  France. 

London,  July  22.— Soult  has  been  signally  defeat- 
ed between  Chalons  and  Nancy,  by  iMJnce  A\rede  ; 
14,000  men  fell  on  this  occasion.  I.eeourbe  has  al- 
so been  overpowered,  and  compelled  to  .shut  him- 
self in  Befort,  with  great  loss. 

A  German  act  of  confederation  was  concluded 
and  signed  at  Vienna,  on  the  8t!i  of  June.  The  so- 
vereign princes  and  free  cities  of  fiermtaiy  bind 
themselves  not  to  make  war  on  each  oiher  under 
itny  pretext,  nor  to  decide  theu-  dill'erences  by  force, 
hut  to   bring  them  under  the  consideration  of  the 

diet,  SiC. 

Jitlj  24.— Paris  papers  to  the  22nd  instant,  ar- 
rived this  morning-.  The  following  prlncip.d  con- 
<litions  of  the  ire.tty  negociating-  at  Pans,  it  is  said, 
are  finally  settled: 

The  integrity  of  France  to  be  maintained.  The 
•expcnces  of  the  war  ^o  be  defruyed  by  France  in 
4  years.  The  evacuation  of  the  country  by  tiie  al- 
IJc'd  troops  to  commence  on  tlie  25tli  of  August, 
with  the  exception  of  some  corps,  wiiose  stay  will 
be  prolonged  until  the  com])iete  ami  solid  rc-es- 
tablisliment  of  the  public  trauqui'.ity.— Tliis  state- 
ment ajjpeai-s  to  be  a  mere  speculailon.  Davoiist 
has  not  submitted.  On  tjie  contrary  he  is  said  to 
have  re-crossed  the  Loire  at  Cosne,  with  intent  to 
transfer  the  war  to  JJurgundy.  Cosne  is  on  Uie 
Loire,  above  Gien,  at  which  place  the  left  division 
of  his  arniv  lately  passed  that  river.— If  lie  has 
t<iken  that  direction,  he  must  have  johied  Suchet, 
who  left  Lyons  on  tin:  13th.  This  army  may  yet 
grove  troublesome.  A  Russian  fierce  iias  marched 
to  the  Loire,  to  join  the  Trits^ilan  troops  previously 
sent  to  observe  it. 

aiarshal  Jourdan  Has  concluded  an  armistice 
with  the  Swiss  troops  wliich  occupied  poi-t  of 
Franche  Comte. 

The  French  funds  decline  rapidly.  The  5  per 
cent  consols  were  on  Thursday  down  to  57,  a  lall 
t?f  9  per  cent  sin'ce  ^!t'€  pif  <^*flii>U'  ^T-  ^^^^ 
actiwis  910. 


ler,  arrived  here  to-day.     It  is  provided  with  some 
services  of  massy  gold,  valued  at  250,000  francs. 

7y«.v/f,  June  27.  At  Bom-gfeld,  a  village  williiu 
musket-.sIiot  of  tJiis  place,  some  peasants  tired  fronv 
a  house  upon  tlie  Austrian  troops:  they  \vere  all  sa.- 
bred  and  the  house  destroyed.  In  the  evening,  it 
was  discovered  tliat  live  voliig-curs  and  one  oiiicer. 
had  been  assiissiiiuted;  in  con^eq^ienee,  the  vilia^c 
■iva:;  -ivhoUi;  fiUlaci-cd  nvd  burnt. 

llegenlieim,  Boui-giibre  and  Altkirch,  and  seve- 
ral other  places,  have  been  treated  with  neai-Jy  the 
s:nne  severity,  and  for  tiie  same  reason.  The  al- 
lies have  entered  Muniiauseii.  The  ai-chduke  Jolm 
is  here. 

^Yuvery  man  that  lias  thejeast  particle  of  pa- 
ti-iotism  within  liim,  revolts  at  the  ide:.  of  ixceiving' 
the  law  from  foreigners,  and,  fecis  impelled  to  resist 
their  entry,*  Let  us  call  to  minil  tiie  homble 
liowlings  that  were  made  about  i-Ve/ic?;  cruelties  in 
:^pain,  where  the  soldiers  of  Bonaparte  meted  to 
the  Spaniards  the  same  measure  of  punishment  that 
the  Austrians  have  intlicted  on  tlie  French.  If  it 
was  wrong  in  Spain,  it  is  not  rlgiit  in  France.  'I'he 
love  of  monareliv,  and  a  tiiirst  for  power,  generate 
the  same  crimes  in  all  co-antries;  but  tliere  are  ma- 
ny vile  enough  to  call  the  same  things  by  different 
names. 


(^ Some  articles  prepared  fn-  this  department,  and 
ullnded  to  in  the  ediioriid  address,  are,  •wii/ifim/iij  others,- 
omittedjor  want  of  room. 


A  naval  court  of  enquiry  has  been  held,  fey  order 
of  tiie  secretary  of  the  navy,  tni  board  the  U."S.  ship 
Hornet,  in  tiie  harbor  of  Nevz-York,  on  the  2od  daV 
of  August,  leiJ,  to  investlg-at*;  the  causes  of  the 
return  of  that  sliip  into  port,  and  to  enquire  into 
the  cii-cunistances  attending  tlie  loss  of  armament, 
stores,  &C.  duringher  late  Cruise  ;  and  tlie  follov.hig 
opinion  has  been  pronoimced  by  the  court : — 

The  court,  after  mature  deliberation  on  the  tes- 
timony adduced,  are  of  opinion,  that  no  blame  is 
imputable  to  captaiii  Biddle,  on  accoiuit  of  the  re-- 
turn  of  tiie  Hornet  into  port  with  the  loss  of  her 
avmauient,  stores.  See.  and  that  the  g-reatest  applause 
is  due  to  him  for  his  persevering  gallantry  and  nau- 
tical skill,  evinced  in  escaping,  under  the  most  dis' 
advantageous  circumstances,  after  a  loiig-  and  ari 
duous  chase  by  a  British  line  of  battle  ship. 

SAMUEL  E^ANS,  President. 

HEXlir  WlIF.ATOX, 

Si'iecial  Judge  Advocate. 
Copy  of  a  letter  from  lieatcnant  Jn'.  D.  ^"icholson,  of 

the  late  U.  S.  brig  Syren,  to  captain  Samuel  Evans, 

commanding  naval  of/icer  at  JX'ew-York,  dated 

New-Yohk,  .l7i!^-u.ii'2-i;  1815. 

Sin — Conceiving  it  my  duty  to  make  know  n  ther 
treatment  exhibited  by  British  officers  and  men  to 
those  who  :u-e  so  unfortunate  as  to  fall  in  their  j5ow- , 
er,  I  am  mduced  to  acquaint  j'ou  with  the  foUow- 
hig  circumstances  : — 

After  the  surrender  of  the  Sj-ren  to  the  IVIcdway 


"If  this  projiosition  be  correct,  it  follow.*  that  our 
eastern  jacobins,  folding  their  arms  in  regard  t^ 
C'eisfe'w*',  ci^r,  had  not  a  particle  of  patviolism. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


15 


"the  o(Rier§  tvA  ci-cw  of  the  former  were  removed 
>o  the  latter,  the  crew  not  being-  allovrcd  tlie  privi- 
Icg'e  of  taking  tlieir  clotliiiig-,  ^c.  wiUi  them,  so  tliat 
tlic  prize  crew  h;id  a  fair  opportunity  of  plmiderint^ 
.such  articles  as  they  thcUi^lit  proper,  wnicli  oppor- 
tunity thev  took  care  to  jirofit  by,  as  many  of  our 
men  were  "piUag-ed  of  every  :u-ticie  they  possessed, 
■  exceptmg-  what  they  had  on  at  tlie  time  ;  and  tlic 
oilicers  in  like  manner  were  plundered  on  Jjoard  tb.c 
Medway;  the  niidshipnicu,  same  of  thcrn,  vvere 
completely   stripped,    otlicrs   lost   their   watclies, 

&,c. 

For  my  ava\  part,  I  came  oft"  with  the  loss  of 
about  half  m}-  clotliing',  and  thoug-iit  myself  well 
«if,  wlien  couiparetl  willi  the  losses  of  my  si.ipraates. 
'i'ne  rnornin;^  after  ovir  capture,  we  were  mustered 
on  the  quarter  deck  to  undergo  a  search  ;  the  men 
vvere  there  stripped  to  the  skin,  and  their  clothing 
not  returned,  so  that  many  of  tiiem  were  left  with- 
out any  thing  more  th«ii  a  sliirt  and  trowscrs  ;  tiie 
next  day  Mr'Hnrton  (the  first  licutcnanL  of  the  Med- 
U'a})  distributed  the  cloiiung  he  had  tukun  f.  om  inir 
men,  to  his  quarter-masters  and  quarter -gunners,  in 
my  presence.  After  being  on  boai'd  the  Medway 
five  weeks,  we  were  landed  at  Simons-town,  t-js'enty- 
■five  nuies  to  the  eastward  of  tiic  Cupe  of  <iood  flope, 
myself  and  brother  officers  paroled,  and  the  men 
marciied  to  C:ipe-io\vn,  under  an  escort  of  dragoons, 
Ijchig  obliged  to  ford  a  lake  on  the  march,  wliere 
the  bo\'s  were  compelled  to  go  over  on  tiie  backs  of 
tlie  tan  men  ;  this  ni:ivch  of  twenty-live  miles  was 
performe-.l  in  one  day,  and  without  shoes  <n-  food, 
the  latter  .ur.icie  they  were  kept  without  four  a.nd 
twenty  iiours  ;  their  shoes  were  stolen  by  tiie  crev/ 
of  tiie  Mtdvv'ay  wiiile  they  were  asleep  ;  after  re- 
mj.ining  Intliis  situation  nearly  eiglit  months,  with- 
oui  hcd  or  beddiiig  (they  were  not  even  furnisiied 
with  straw,  aiid  tneir  hunnnocks  were  taken  on  a 
ple.i  of  their  being  pnhlic  property)  we  were  all 
embarked  m  diiferer»t  men  of  war  and  Indiamen,  for 
Euj,»and ;  mysolf,  with  about  sixty  officers  and  men, 
'y\  tiie  Cumberiund  74,  captain  Buker  :  we  were  ail 
put  on  tlie.  ioiVer  gtm-ileck,  widiout  distinction, 
amor.g  their  own  crew,  and  fed  on  prisoner's  allow- 
ance ;  and  on  my  remonstrating  with  the  captuin 
for  receiving  sucii  tieatment,  he  ordered  mc  oil" the 
qti:irtCT  dec!::,  Vv'ilii  a  threat,  at  tiiesame  time,  to  put 
me  in  irons.  We  remained  in  this  situation  eighteen 
tla;  s,  after  v.'Iiich  lieutenants  G.ji'inan,  Gordon  and 
jnyseif,  v.'ere  removed  to  tiie  Grampus  .50,  at  St- 
Jlcltna,  admitted  to  tlie  wardroom  mess  aiid  treat- 
ed MJtli  civility. 

Vt  idi  respect,  1  have  the  honor,  &c. 

X.  D.  NICHOLSON. 


Boiirxty  Lands. 

FROX    TH>:    NATIOVAL    INTELLIGEXCEU. 

7*5  those  patri'jtic  citizens  u-ho  Cfjiiiposuci  the  lute 
United  States'   Armjf: 

r-.Li.ow-ciTiz!-;>"s, — Observing  that  attempts  are 
■m.-.king  in  some  of  tlie  public  papers  to  lessen 
>  om-  confidence  in  tiie  honor  and  assurances  of  the 
j;')verment,  vriiich  pledges  itself  to  give  those  v."ho 
e;ili3;.cd  for  the  war  donations  of  public  land,  be- 
cause those  lands  ai-e  not  miraculously  prepared  at 
the  moment  of  the  termination  of  tlie  war  for  loca- 
tion; I  have  therefore  thought  it  miglit  be  projicr 
and  sadsf.ictory  to  you  to  submit  for  considcratiisn 
the  foliowing-  f.icts,  in  order  that  you  may  know 
thai  the  g-overnmcn-c,  which  lias  already  exjiressed 
ivS  sense  of  your  meriioi  ions  services,  is  a.ixioiis  to 
eo;nT>ly  with  its  engagemejits. 

Soon  afcer  the  ratiiicutiou  of  tii.e  traatj'  yfpcaee 


witli  Great  Britain,  I  received  th<?  directions  of  t'le 
Pre.=;ident  of  the  United  States,  through  tlie  lionor- 
able  the  commissioner  of  the  general  land  office^ 
to  set  ap^iTt  the  best  bodits  of  land  belonging  to' 
the  government,  so  tiiat  two  miilions  of  acres 
whlnii  had  been  appropriated  b)'  Congress,  laying- 
in  the  Aiichigan  territory,  tv/o  millions  in  Illinois^ 
and  two  millions  in  tlie  territory  of  ]\Il.-;souri,  might 
be  surveyed  witb.out  deky  for  the  soidier-s  of  tiie 
late  army,  S;c.  In  obedience  to  these  instructions* 
a  sufiicient  cpianlily  \\-as  selected  in  IMiclilgan  as 
near  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Erie  and  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  the  .state  of  Ohio,  as  the  private 
claims  would  allov.- — tlie  same  qii.tntity  north  of 
the  Illinois  river  and  extending  to  tlie  Mississippi, 
;md  do\ni  those  rivers  to  their  junction;  and  a  like 
quantity  between  the  St.  Francis  and  the  Aikan- 
sas  rivers,  extending  down  the  Mississippi,  be- 
lieved to  be  the  most  valuable  tracts  in  these  ter- 
ritories; and  a  sufficient  iinmbcr  of  skillful  survey- 
ors were  immediately  engaged  to  survey  and  lay 
off  these  lands,  that  they  migiit  as  soon  as  possible 
be  prepared  for  location.  Four  of  those  surveyors^ 
with  all  their  assistants,  were  dispatched  to  Michi- 
gan— four  were  instructed  aH  soon  as  practicable- 
to  commence  the  surveys  north  of  the  Illinois  river 
— and  ari'angcinents  were  in  train  to  prepare  the 
rest  to  follow  on,  so  soon  as  preparations  were 
made  for  their  commencement. — W  liiie  we  vrere 
thus  proceeding",  with  a  fond  hope  of  soon  having 
your  Land  ready  for  location,  our  surveyors  were 
flriven  by  tlie  Indians  from  Micliigan,  who,  misled 
by  a  miserable  policy,  refused  to  permit  them  to 
proceed.  The  same  hosiiie  dis]iosi'i.lon  of  the  low- 
er tribes  has  thrown  impediments  in  the  M-ay  in  tlie 
lo^ver  coinitry, — although  the  surveyors  report  that 
that  hr.d  the  Indians  been  peaceable,  such  was  the 
state  of  that  country,  from  tlie  ii'nonimonly  wet 
season  and  the  richness  of  its  soil  producing  an  as- 
tonishing- under  gi-owth,  lliat  it  would  have  bec^ 
impossible  to  commence  during  llie  heat  of  sum- 
mer. Under  these  circvrmstances  we  are  oblig- 
ed  to  desist  and  wait  the  issue  of  the  treaties  vvJiicK 
are  authorised  by  the  Trcsidcnt  of  the  United  States 
to  be  held  Mitii  tiie  contending  tribes  ofIndians» 
whicli  every  principle  of  humanity  sanctions  before 
a  sad  appeal  to  arms. 

I  can,  theveibre,  M'ith  the  g-reatest  truth,  assiu'e 
you,  that  so  soon  as  the  tliiHculties  are  removed, 
wliich  the  government  is  using  its  endeavors  to  do, 
as  it  respects  tiie  Indian-;,  no  time  will  be  lost  in 
surveying  tlio.'^e  Lmis  ar.d  prepairing-  the  way  for 
\-ou  to  obtain  what  \ou  so  justlv  merit. 

EDWARD  TIFFIN,  Survenor-SerKfruk 
Chillisothe,  Aug.  lu,  1815. 


CHRONICLE. 

Frn'>r  the  .M.'ilit.'rraiwan  we  In^ve  a  muitituue  dt 
accounts;  and  it  is  stated  in  so  many  ways  thatj^e- 
c::::ir  has  nearly  annihilated. tiic  A'ger'ne  power  at 
sea,  that  wc  gladly  believe  it,  though  tiie  fact  is  not 
stated  as  positively  as  is  desired.  One  of  tl\e  reports 
s.iys — "tliat  commodore  Di^catur,  having  Ijecn  in,- 
f,/rmcd  t-hatt!ie  crew  of  an  American  vessel  were 
put  to  the  sword  in  Algiers,  liad  d-.c^ared  an  inten- 
tion of  beheading  his  ]n';-;oners  (400  in  mimber> 
in  siglit  of  Algiers,  sliGidd  tlie  report  prove  true." 

Spain  and  .'Vaplei  arc  also  said  to  have  declared 
w.;r  against  .llffit-rs.  Tiie  Dutch  squadron  has  at 
LiMt  arrived  in  the  Jlcilitcrrunean,  .ind  a  Swedink 
f.wce  was  e\"pectcd.  l\\.\t  J)ecat!irs  "  bit  of  striped 
bunting"  will  have  pretty  nearly  settled  the  busines.s 
for  them.  It  does  not  appear  certain  that  tJic  Al- 
gerincs  IkvcI  captu-rcd  fuore  tiia-n  1  Anieri(?an  voSkQl;., 


15    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  l6,  181^/^ 


The  foUo'.ving'  accoant  from  tlie  Providence  (R.  I.) 
'    'American,fp^  Uie  2>i!i  ult.  is  the  most  pavticular  of 
aiiv  received,  and  comprizes  in  itself,  also,  the  nu- 
merous reports  prevailing',  on  tliis  interesting'  sub- 
ject: 

Arrived  here,  late  last  evening-,  brig^  Bvazillian, 
Snow,  in  42  days  passage  from  Gibraltai-.  Wc  were 
politely  favored  with  the  following  interesting-  intel- 
ligence, by  an  an  intelligent  gentleman  who  came 
passenger  in  tlie  B. 

The  American  squadron  fell  in  with  the  Algerine 
frlg.Ue  INIessode,  of  46  guns,  and  from  four  to  six 
hundred  men,  off  Cape  de  Gat.  She  was  engaged 
by  the  Guerriere  alone,  ai>d  after  an  action  of  one 
l»our  and  a  half  was  captured  by  her;  the  Messoda 
i\ad  24  killed  and  24  wounded;  the  Guerriere  had  7 
v.'ounded.  They  afterwards  captured  another  fri- 
gate and  a  corvette  off  cape  Palos;  the  pai-ticulars 
of  tlie  action  not  stated. 

The  prizes  were  sent  into  Carthagena,  but  were 
ordered,  by  the  Spanish  government,  to  leave  the 
^lace  ;  in  consequence  of  wliich  they  proceeded  to 
Toulon.  It  was  reported  that  anotlier  Algerine 
cruiser,  a  brig,  had  been  spoken  going  into  Tou- 
lon, a  prize  to  the  American  squadron.  It  was  con- 
fidently expected  at  Gibraltar,  that  the  greatest 
•part,  if  not  the  whole  of  the  Algerine  fleet,  would 
be  captured,  as  there  was  certain  accoimts  of  their 
being  at  sea,  long  after  they  passed  tlie  Straits, 
v/hibh  preceded  the  American  squadron  only  forty- 
ei"'ht  hours.  There  was  another  report  in  circula- 
tion, that  the  squadron  had  taken  the  second  sea- 
port in  Algiers,  called  Oran. 

Vessels  which  had  arrived  from  the  Straits 
brought  various  but  confirmatory  accounts  of  the 
probability  of  the  entire  capture  of  the  Algerinejleet; 
but  as  thev  assert  nothing  particular  as  to  the  ac- 
tual capture,  except  these  already  mentioned,  they 
are  only  entitled  to  the  credit  of  plausible  conjec- 
tures. The  report  of  the  capture  of  the  two  frigates 
and  the  corvette  was  confirmed  by  a  letter  from 
captain  Lewis,  of  the  Guemere,  to  one  of  tl»e  Ame- 
rican consuls  in  Spain,  and  by  him  communicated  to 
Mr.  Horatio  Sprague,  American  commission-mer- 
chant at  Gibraltar. 

The  Dutch  squadron,  consisting  of  five  frigates, 
and  one  sloop  of  war,  p:issed  Gibraltar  on  the  .3d  of 
Julv,  and  it  was  presumed  would  form  a  junction 
Avitlrthe  Americans. 

A  large  Swedish  frigate  came  to  anchor  at  Gib- 
raltar on  the  11th,  bound  up.  It  was  said  she  was 
tlie  van-guard  of  a  much  larger  force,  to  operate 
against  the  Algcrines. 

Farther. — A  ve.-isel  has  arrived  at  New-York,  by 
v.-iiich  an  account  is  received,  of  a  vessel  being  sjjok- 
cn  in  the  bay  of  Biscay  from  Leghorn,  that  re- 
ported—  Commodore  Decatur  had  made  peace  tvith  the 
tky  of  Algiers,  and  the  American  sqmulron  was  then 
hi  the  harhor  of  Algiers. 

Another  account  says,  that  the  Algerine  frigate 
Mossoda,  or,  as  she  is  called  by  some,  tlie  Mi- 
sauda,  had  160  killed  and  wounded,  and  was  a 
complete  wreck.  She  was  formerly  captured  from 
the  Portuguese.  Though  the  loss  on  board  the 
Guerriere  was  triflir.;  by  the  fire  of  the  Algerine, 
the  bursting  of  one  of  her  guns  is  said  to  have 
killed  and  wounded  about  30  of  our  gallant  fel- 
lows.    She  did  not  sustain  any  injury  in  her  hull. 

On  the  19th  June,  the  schooner  Flambeau,  cap- 
tain Nicholson,  after  leaving  the  prize  at  Carthage- 
na,  sailed  with  another  schooner,  and  on  tlie  2Uth 
fell  in  with  a  large  polacre  brig,  which  made  sail 
irom  them  and  run  on  shore  near  Carthagena.— The 
Americans,  from  respect  to  the  neutral  territory, 
>flrew  off— "^'Ut  on  the  Alg;erinQ  commejicing  a  Jieavy , 


fire  on  them,  and  thus  violating  the  Spanish  neu^ 
trality,  returned  and  captured  the  brig,  with  about^ 
200  men,  48  of  the  crew  e-^caped  on  shore  by  swim- 
miiig.  Tlie  brig,  mounthig  22  guns,  was  got  off, 
and.  also  carried  into  Carthagena. 

At  Lisbon,  the  4th  Jidy,  an  Ottoman  ship  arrived 
from  tiie  Mediterranean,  the  captain  of  which  states 
tliat  about  14  days  ago,  he  heard  a  very  heavy  can- 
nonade, and  the  next  morning  saw  the  American 
squadron  capture  and  take  possession  of  three  Al- 
gerines,  one  frigate  and  two  brigs.  The  Ottoman 
captain  already  knew  of  the  capture  of  the  vessels 
cai'ried  into  Carthagerta; 

Treat  If  -with  America.  The  following  article  is  C0» 
pied  from  tlie  London  Courier  of  the  l^th  Jidy: 

The  following  are  reported  to  be  the  principal 
terms  of  the  commercial  treaty  about  to  be  con- 
cluded with  the  United  States  of  America. 

By  the  1st  article,  the  navigaticni  laws  of  tlie  two 
countries  are,  for  mutual  benefit,  dispensed  with,' 
and  British  vessels  trading  to  American  ports,  and 
American  vessels  trading  to  British  ports,  have 
equal  privileges  in  regard  to  duties  and  exemp- ' 
tions  with  native  vessels-  respectively.  This  bene- 
fit not  only  extends  to  the  sliips  but  to  the  cargoesl 
Thus' cotton  wool,  which  on  coming  to  Bno;land  li* 
British  ships  from  the  United  States,  is  liable  to  a 
duty  of  only  one  penny  per  lb.  and  if  imported  in 
American  vessels,  is  a  subject  to  a  charge  of  three 
pence  in  the  pound,  will  incur  the  same  duty,  it' 
conveyed  in  the  bottoms  of  cither  of  the  two 
countries. 

The  second  article  admits  of  free  trade  to  Cal- 
cutta, and  to  all  tie  British  settlements  of  t',e  Pe-' 
ninsula  of  Hindostan.  With  regiu-d  to  China  there 
is  no  regulation,  because  that  trade  is  exclusively 
with  tlie  India  Company,  and  this  cotnpany  has  no 
power  or  authority  to  obstuct  the  ti-ade  to  China, 
either  with  regard  to  the  Americans  or  any  other 
foreign  state. 

A  third  article,  and  not  "^he  least  important  irt 
the  view  of  the  American  government,  restricts 
J  the  British  from  entering  into  any  trade  with  the  ' 
numero\is  tribes  of  Indians  occupying  any  part  of 
the  couniry  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States. 

The  London  Globe  of  the  19th  Jul}-,  says— "In 
the  new  commercial  arrangements  with  Amencaj 
we  learn  that  some  privileges  have  been  granted  ttf 
America  in  the  fiu-  trade." 

Foreign  Office,  {London')  July  15 — His  royal 
highness  the  Prince  Regent  has  been  pleased  in  the 
name  and  on  behalf  of  his  majesty,  to  permit  Ro- 
bert Gaunt  Beasly,  esq.  to  act  as  consul  general 
in  this  country  for  the  United  States  of  America), 
until  his  successor  in  that  situation  slmll  have  been 
duly  appohited.  And  approved  of  James  Maury, 
esq.  as  consul  at  Liverpool. 

The  honorable  Mr.  Bagot,  the  British  minister  to 
this  countr}',  was  preparing  to  sail  in  the  frigate  La- 
cedemonian, captain  Jackways,  wliicli  was  fitting 
up  for  his  reception. 

Specie.  We  congratulate  the  public  on  the  pros- 
pect that  specie  may  soon  again  come  into  cii-cula- 
tion.  The  L.te  events  in  Europe,  with  the  eager- 
ness of  some  to  supply  the  wants  of  tlie  British  go- 
vernment, have,  together,  reduced  it  nearly  to  par  , 
at  Liverpool;  one  vessel  having  arrived  there  from 
Boston  witji  2,000,000  dollars!  The  consequence 
w.is  that  dollars  fell  from  5s.  8d.  to  4s.  9d.  T'lis  is 
very  pleasant  news — the  spccidators  will  make  a 
swamping  business  of  it.  The  brokers,  generally, 
have  made  a  stand  in  purchasing  the  i)recious  metals. 

Guadalonpe  siuTcndcred  at  discrtition,  ea.rly  in  the' 
last  month. 


—  I  Vi'i'wii  wn  \rm 


NiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER. 


No.  2  OF  VoT..  IX.]  IJALTLMOliE,  SATURDAY,  SEPTR.Ml'ER  9,  1815.         [whole  >o.  219. 


Ifac  olim  nn'miniMe  hiva'nt. — YiuniL. 


PRrVTi;i)   AND   PlTBLlS:iKD    Hy    H.    XILF.S,  3V0.   29,   SOUTH  CALVBUT-STREKT,   AT  §5  PER   ANXL'M. 


point  of  kind  on  tlie  IVestevws.hovc,  of  the  ri- 
udson;  sixty  miles  from  the  clly  of  Xew-Yorli 


West-Point. 

tf)  a  disting-iiislicd  friend  who  lately  visited  Vrest 
Point,  tlic  editor  of  the  hkoisteu  is  iarleliLed  foi- 
the  followhip;  description  of  that  celebrated  post. 

How  often  Ikis  the  traveller  occasion  to  remark 
the  incoiig-ruity  of  p-eo^-raphictU  dtscrlptior,.;,  with 
the  real  appearance  of  places  wiiicli  come  under 
|iis  notice  !  From  the  manner  in  which  Dr.  Morse 
lias  mentioned  }!'est  Fuint,  a  strang-er  would  iiard- 
iy  expect  to  behold  a  spot,  where  awful  magniii- 
cence,  romantic  v.'ilchiess,  and  aujust  sublimity  of 
scencr}-,  rivet  the  attcution  with  mir.gled  influ- 
ence; while  assori.ated  recolleclion  revives  the 
days  long  past^  when  a  band  of  patriots  here  op- 
posed the  solo  barrier  to  the  subjiir^-ation  of  our 
fathers.  It  is,  indeed,  a  spot  formed  bv  nature  to 
be  the  nursery  of  heroes.  As  its  name  imports, 
It  is  a 
ver  Iludi 

and  one  hundred  from  Albany.  Mewuig-  u  as  you 
ascend  the  river,  it  appears  to  be  notliing-  more 
than  a  rug-g-ed  and  almost  inaccessible  promonto- 
ry'; but  ha.ving'  g-ained  the  summit  of  tlie  bank, 
you  are  at  once  struck  witli  surprise  and  admira- 
tion at  iinding  yourself  ofi  a  beautiful  verdant  plain, 
containing  uemdy  eighty  acres,  and  forming  the 
area  of  au  amphitheatre;  the  one  half  of  whicli  is 
"Encircled  by  tlie  river,  and  the  dther  by  the  lofty 
mountain  upon  wh.ich  stand  the  meuldering  ruins 
of  the  old  Fort  I'utman.  From  the  centre  of  this 
area,  looking  up  tlie  river,  the  first  object  which 
an-ests  the  eye,  is  tlie  towering  and  precipitous 
tnountain  called  the  C'ro-rt-'s  J\!\'st;  wliose  rock}- 
sides  overh,\ng  the  water,  in  av/ful  and  territick 
|Sp.-antleur.*  Opposite  tu  this,  in  the  middle  of  tlje 
river,  as  if  it  had  been  riven  by  some  convulsive 
throe  of  its  parent  mountain,  from  its  original  at- 
tachment, stands  a  small,  but  beautiful  island; 
sniiling  in  all  the  wild  iuMm'iance  of  vmcultivated 
nature.  Farther  on,  at  tlie  distar.ce  of  ten  miles,' 
is  to  be  seen  tiie  village  of  J',''exvb'itvg-,  a  namiJ-  which 
*'i!l  awAen,  in  the  revolutionary,  soldier,  the  re- 
membrance of  other  times.  13etond  tlii.i,  the  sight 
is  bounded  by  a  distant  view  of  tlie  Cutsk-ill  munn- 
iaiius;  tlie  highest  in  the  state.  TJience.  casting  the 
eye  on  the  Eastern  shore  of  tlic  river  and  pursli- 
ing  its  downward  course,  bleak  and  barren  moun- 
tains, delightful  valleys -teeming  with  the  fruits  of 
industry,  and  here  tod  there  a  fai-m-hoase  peeping- 
through  the  embowering  wooel,  alternately  lix  the 
gaze  of  the  beholder;  u.ilil  at  lengtlt  it  rests  upon 
the  white  chimnles  of  a  mansion,  lialf  concealed 
amid  the  surrounding  foliage,  as  if  still  ashanied 
that  it  had  once  been  the  habitation  of  the  traitor 
Arnold. 

In  1802  tlie  congress  of  the  United  States  po.s- 
Scd  a  law  to  organize  and  establish  a  Corps  of  En- 
ffineem  and  Ca<l<ftt<;  giving  authority  to  the  presi- 
dent to  make  promotio)is  in  the  same,  so  as  that 
the  number  of  the  whole  corjjs  should  at  iio  time, 
exceed   tiuimty  officers  imd  cadets.     It  was  further 

*  The    perpendicular   height   of  tlds  mountain, 
ascertained  by  actual  measurement,  bv  one  of  the' 
officers  at  the  Poin^,  is  14H  feet,  iibo'v^  the  Vyfl 
of  the  v^-ater, 
Voi.  ITi. 


enacted  by  the  same  law  "that  tlie  said  corps, 
wlien  so  organized,  shall  be  stationed  at  iVesi 
Paint,  m  the  state  of  New  York,  and  sludl  cnii.s'.Uiile 
a  miiitcii'ij  acadnn'f." 

From  tliis  circumscribed  beginning,  has  spnmg' 
one  of  the  noblest  institutions  of  which  our  coun- 
try can  boast.  For  many  years  after  its  establish- 
ment, the  aca(l''i)i'i  was  scarcely  known  bej'ond  tlie 
narrow  limits  of  its  own  circle;  until,  among  other 
nic.isures  preparatory  to  the  declaration  of  war  in 
1812,  another  law  was  passed,  augmenting  the 
corps  of  Engineers;  authoiising  ah  additional  num- 
ber of  professors;  and  extending  the  limit  of  ca- 
dets U>  fiL'o  hundri'daivlfiftif.  Still, however,  some- 
tiling  was  wanting,  to  excite  the  attention,  and  a- 
\\:aken  the  interest  of  tlie  public,  to  tills  cradle  of 
Mars. 

Fortunately,  the  occasion  was  not  distant,  whic'i  ' 
was  destined  to  roi;se  tlie  energies  of  tiie  nation, 
and  call  into  active  exercise  the  latest  benefits  of 
tlii  institution.  Tlie  names  of  Wood,  CMcRee, 
Dovjrlas,  and  ahost  of  yosithful  warriors,  who  with 
the  v^Jour,  skill  and ,  conutlence  of  hardy  vete- 
rans, sprung  at  f)nce  frt^m  the  peaceful  Inp  of  sci- 
ence to  the  rude  and  stormy  fielel  of  war,  soon 
rung  with  re-echoed  sound,  lo  the  rcmote.^'t  cor- 
ner of  an  admiring  country.  './7;c/;  were  pnpih  «f 
the  mUitarii  aciidi":n:i.     'jlicn   first,  did    If'eat  Point 


bectmie  an  oh.iect  of  eas'er 


in  qui 


Fatjicrs  v."ere 


anxious  to  give  their  sons  such-  an  o])portuni- 
ty  of  rising  to  renown;  :md  the  sons  themselves 
felt  tlie  .glow  of  youthful  desire,  kindle  in  theif 
bosoms,  to  emulate  tlie  noble  examples  before 
them.  The  table  of  the  secretary  of  war  was  now 
crowded  witli  applications  for  cad-t-i"  -ivnrTaniai 
and,  before  the  commencement  of  the  exercises 
of  tlie  present  year,  tlie  liinlted  number  v.  as  com- 
plete. 

To  tlie  indefatig-able  zeal  and  exercloiis  of  the 
late  cctlonel  AVllliams,  t!ie  public  is  indebted,  mere 
pcrh.ips  tliaii  to  any  other  individual,  for  the  origi- 
nal e>!tablishment  of  the  military  academy.  Jiut 
for  tlie  oreler,  system,  regularity  and  ciscipline 
which  pervade  every  branch  of  the  institution,  all 
pri.iise  is  due  to  the  present  superintenelant,  captain 
^ildnn  Partridj^e,  of  tl'.e  CCT'ps  of  engineers.  .  This 
officer,  to  a  cultivated  understanding,  and  extensi^-e 
selentllic  acquirements,  unites  a  zeal  for  the  inl- 
provement  of  tiie  cadets,  wJiich  ennneniiy  (pialiMes 
him  for  so  vt'.p'TASihl'^.  a  station.  His  stern  justice, 
rigid  impai'tl^lity  and  strict  disc:])linc,  inspire  in 
the  cadets  a  proper  deg-ree  of  fear,  while  at  the 
same  t'nzic,  his  liroanlty  of  manners,  kindness  of  de- 
portntcfit,  and  polite  condesceiision,  v,'in  tJicir  re- 
spectful affjction.s.  His  frewn  is  deprecated  as  tlie 
sevcres't  pura.vhmrnt  for  dereliction  of  duty;  his, 
smile  is  hailed  as  the  beiiit  reward  for  its  observ* 
ancc. 


The  wl'.ole  number  of  cs-dcts  is  divided  into 
two  companies;  yoan^  Uien  of  the  larg-est  size  form- 
ing- the  first,  y.nd  the  smaller  ones  tfie  second. — 
Tluy  are  governed  by  olHccrs  appointed,  in  rota- 
tion, frum  among  themselves.  Th(.ise  who  act  as. 
commis'jioni'd  officers,  hold  tjieir  stations  for  a  month 
— the  7ion-cumnnssionfd  officer.5  for  a  week.  At  the, 
beat  of  revdUc,  the   companies  p.u-ade,  and,  the  )oli 


18      NILES'  Vv'EEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1815. 


ailed;  after  which  they  return  to  their  quarters,  the  only  thing;  mtended  to  be  taught  by  encamp- 


ISC 

for  the  purpose  of  cleaning-  their  respective  cham 
bers,  miUdiip-  t!u-ir  beds,  and  preparing  for  bredc- 
f;ist.  At  luilt-past  7  o'clock  tlie  bugle  calls  them 
to  this  repast;  to  which  they  march  in  regulai'  or- 
der, and  take  tlieir  seats  at  the  tabic  with  the  same 
exactness  that  they  would  perform  a  militaiy  7na- 
iixuvre.  Twelve  persons  are  appointed  from  their 
own  bodv  as  carvers,  wlio  have  conmiand  of  the  ta- 
ble ccrcnionies;  and  except  by  these,  not  a  word  is 
ijpokcn  during  the  meal.  When  the  time  allowed 
them  is  elapsed,  the  order  is  given  to  rise,-  and  in 
an  instant  the  line  of  march  is  resumed,  and  they 
i:,cturn  to  their  quarters.  At  8  o'clock,  the  studies 
are  couAmcnced.  Tliose  not  immediately  engaged  in 
reciiiug  to  some  one  or  other,  of  the  professors,  re- 
main in  their  own  chambers.  At  half  past  12  or  1 
o'clock  the  bugle  is  again  sounded  to  summon  them 
to  dinner;  on  which  occasion  the  same  ceremonies 
nre  observed  as  at  breakfast.  At  2  o'clccl:  tlie  stu- 
dies are  resumed^  in  the  same  manner,  and  continu- 
ed until  the  time  to  prepare  for  tiie  sun-set  ])arade. 
At  this  parr.de  they  are  put  through  the  manual 
exercise,  and  the  various  evolutions  of  infantry;  all 
v.'hich  they  perform  in  a  style  of  military  precision, 
and  with  an  easy  elegance  and  regularity  of  motion, 
not  surpassed  by  tlie  bist  disi-Iplined  soldier::.  Be- 
fore the  parade  is  dismissed  tlic  companies  are 
drawn  up  in  an  open  square,  and  an  evening  prayer 
i;^  delivered  by  the  chaplain;  after  wliich  they  re- 
tire, and  have  iu.st  time  to  disencumber  themselves 


ment,  c;m  be  as  well  tatiglit  without  the  necessity 
of  confining  the  cadets  to  tents  for  three  months  in 
the  year;  which,  added  to  the  term  of  winter  vaca- 
tion, leaves  them  only  half  the  year  for  mental  in- 
struction. 

Tliese  arc  points  which  deserve  the  serious  con- 
sideration of  congress;  and  which  if  correctly  decid- 
ed on,  will  render  the  Militniv/  Academy  at  West- 
Fuint  a  blessing  to  generations  yet  unborn. 


Letter  to  the  Editor. 

Charlestov,  S.  C.  August  19,  1815. 
IMit.  NiLKs— In  your  Weekly  Kegister  of  the  12th 
instant,  (sec  vol.  VlIT.  page  420)  I  observe  an  anec- 
dote or  two  said  to  be  related  by  an  officer  of  the 
old  revolutionary  army,  which  appears  to  me  to  be 
an  insidious  attempt  to  diminish  the  horrors  and 
odium  of  the  D:a-tmoor  massacre,  by  a  false  or  mu- 
tilated representation  of  affairs  which  took  place  at 
the  barracks  in  Cambridge,  near  Boston,  with  the 
.Saratoga  convention  prisoners.  Permit  another  old 
ofliccr  of  the  revolutionary  army  to  state  the  real 
circumstances  of  the  above  affair;  and  he  believes 
there  will  apj^ear  a  material  ditference  between  tlie 
l)U3incss  of  Dartmoor  and  Cambridge,  not  only  in 
their  situations  as  depots  of  prisoners,  but  in  th& 
conduct  of  the  guards.  Cambridge  barracks  were 
not  enclosed,  and  nothing  but  a  line  of  centinels 


<:f' their  acco'.itrements,  &c.  wjnn  the  bugle  sounds  I  kept  tlie  prisoners  within  bounds;  in  consequence 
t'le  call  to  supper.  At  8  o'clock  the  tattoo  warns  ]  of  whicli  many  of  them  escaped  and  found  their 
them  to  repair  to  their  respective  cliambcrs,  out  of'  way  to  Newport,  R.  Island,  at  that  time  a  British 


which  they  are  seen  no  more  luitil  the  next  morn 
ing's  revi'iile. 

On  Sundays,  the   church  service  is  performed  in 
tlie  morning  and  afternoon  by  the  chaplain  of  the 
■corps,  the  reverend  -Mr.  Empic.     The  writer  of  this 
cannot  refrain  here  from  expressing  the  liigh  gi-a- 
tlncation  he  derived  from  Jiearing  two  of  this  gen- 
tleman's sermons,  during  his  stay  at  West  Point. — 
The  classical  pm-ily  of  the  language,  the  soundness 
of  their  religious  doctrine,  and  the  unaifected  fer- 
vor of  manner  in  v.'hich  they  were  delivered,  were 
alike  calculated  to  interest  and  delig-lit  the  hearer. 
The  branches  of  science  now  taught  at  the  aca- 
demy, are  mathematics,   natural  and  experimental 
])hilosophy,  engineering  (which,  it  is  believed,  in- 
cludes the  v.'hole  art  of  tactics)  ethics,  the  French 
Lmguage,  drawing-,  &;c.     The  professors  ai-e  all  gen- 
tlemen of  the  Iiighest   respectal)ility  and   talents, 
who  appear  to  have  devoted  themselves  wholly  to 
the  good  of  the  institution.     'With  such  teachers, 
and  such    guardians  of  their  manners,  morals  and 
religion;  in  a  spot  where  every  thing  comhines  to 
awaken  love  of  country,  and  a  veneration  for  tlie  pa- 
triots of  the  revolution — the  cadets  cannot  fail  to 
become   enliglitened  men,    virtuous    citizens,    and 
bi-ave  defenders  of  tJieir  country's  rights. 

A  little  oF  the  fostering  care  of  congress,  how- 
ever, is  still  T;\'anting  to  give  to  tliis  institution  that 
broad  and  extensive  utility  of  wliich  it  is  suscepti- 
ble. A  further  appropriation  of  money  should  be 
iTiade,  for  tlie  erection  of  additional  barracks  and 
other  buildings.  Tlie  number  of  cadets  might  be 
advantageously  increased  to  /fxe  hundred,  and  a  pro- 
fessor of  languages  should  be  added  to  the  acade- 
mv.  That  pai't  of  the  law  which  directs  that  they 
.sliall  "be  encamped  at  least  three  montjis  of  eacli 
year,"  ought  to  be  repealed,  not  only  as  unnecessa- 
r_v,  but  as  liighly  detrimental  to  the  improvement  of 
tiie  cadets,  or  if  not  wholly  repealed,  tlie  time  of 
•continuing  ui  camp  sJioidd  be  left  to  tlie  discretion 
o^"  the  superhitendant.       i\istrRwetdtion,  which  is 


post.     Dartmoor  appeal's  to  have  been  extremely 
well  secured. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  Saratoga  convention  pri- 
toners  were  marched  to  Cambridge,  near  Boston, 
not  only  as  at  that  time  a.  safe  depot  for  them,  but  al- 
so for"  a  more  convenient  pert  of  embarkation,  in 
case  that  convention  were  ratified  by  Great  Britain. 
Here  tliey  were  placed  underguard  of  a  few  luin- 
dred  militia.  Among  the  British  officers  and  sol- 
diers, it  was  a  good  and  a  standing  joke  to  disre- 
gard the  challenges  of  the  sentries,  and  even  some- 
times to  attempt  disarming  them.  Colonel  David 
Henley,  an  excellent  officer  of  the  regular  army,  be- 
ing at'  lengtli  appointed  to  the  command  of  that 
post,  was  determined  to  make  himself  and  his  troops 
respected.  Orders  were  given  to  fire  upon  any  one 
who  should  attempt  to  pass  the  sentries  without 
leave.  In  defiance  of  this  order,  a  British  lieuten- 
ant, riding  in  a  chaise  with  a  common  prostitute, 
.attempted  to  pass  a  centinel,  and,  though  repeatedly 
challenged,  refused  to  stop.  The  sentinel  then  fired 
and  shot  him  dead  on  th.e  spot. 

The  second  anecdoie  requires  tobt  properly  stat- 
ed. The  circum.st.mces  are  these:  when  the  mi- 
litia guards  v»ere  relieved,  according  to  daily  rou- 
tine," the  Britisli  prisoners  were  in  the  habit  of  sur- 
rounding, jeering  and  insulting,  and  sometimes  im- 
peding their  movements.  They  were  repeatedly 
warned  of  the  impropriety  of  this  conduct,  bat  It 
sometimes  required  more  than  words  to  check  the 
insolence  of  tlie  prisoners.  In  their  quarters,  also, 
tlic  gu:u-ds  were  resisted,  v.dicn  endeavoring  to  quiet 
disturbances.  In  particular,  one  night  some  of  the 
miiitia  had  their  ;xrms  injured,  or  destroyed.  Colo- 
nel Henley  having  seized"  the  chief  rioters  next  mor- 
ning, was"  so  abused  by  one  of  them,  that  hi  a  mo- 
ment of  irritation,  he  g:ive  the  fellow  several  piicks 
in  the  breast  with  a  sword — but  neither  run  him 
through  the  lieurt  as  stated,  nor  did  the  prisoner  die 
of  his  woimds— but  v/as  about  his  usual  business  in 
a  fev,'  davs.     Colonel  llcnioy  \vas  brought  before  a 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— GHITRCH  AND  STATE. 


19 


PDurt  martial  upon  charg'es  preferred  against  him 
by  g-eneral  Riirg'oyne,  who  acted  as  prosecutor. — 
Colonel  Tudor,  of  Boston,  was  judg-e  advocate; 
general  (at  that  tinte  lieutenant-colonel)  Brooks,  I 
believe,  was  a  member  of  the  court;  britjadier-g'ene- 
ral  Clover  was  president.  Colonel  Henley  was  ac- 
quitted. 

Althoug-h  I  was  not  immediately  on  the  spot,  yet 
I  was  not  at  such  a  distance  as  to  be  entirely  igno- 
rant of  these  facts.  But  to  g'ivc  you  an  unerring' 
document,  permit  me  to  refer  you  to  the  trial  of 
colonel  Henley  which  was  published  in  Boston 
about  the  time.  It  must  be  a  very  scaixe  book, 
but  I  believe  you  may  procure  a  copy  from  the  mili' 
taiy  philosophical  society  of  the  United  States— to 
my  certain  knowledge  one  was  presented  to  it;  or 
you  may  consult  g-eneral  Heath's  memoirs;  which, 
whatever  else  may  be  said  about  them,  are  a  very 
faithful  recital  of  facts. 

(hie  of  the  old  Revolutionary  Annv. 

BE.MARKS    BY    THE    EDtTOIl. 

The  preceding-  letter  is  inserted  as  well  in  re- 
spect to  the  character  supported  by  the  writer,  as  to 
elucidate  the  facts  bclonginf^  to  the  tlungs  alluded 
to;  thoug-h  we  very  respectfully,  yet  decidedly,  dif- 
fer in  opinion  with  him  as  to  the  scope  or  bearing 
of  the  paragraphs  (extracted  from  an  eastern  paper) 
that  gave  rise  to  his  remarks.  For  really,  instead 
of  considering-  the  anecdotes  as  an  ''insidious  at- 
tempt to  diminish  the  horrors  and  odium  of  the 
Dartmoor  massacre,"  v^  supposed  that  {represent- 
ed even  as  they  -zuere)  they  were  calculated  only  to 
shew  a  superiority  of  conduct  in  orj  people  on  that 
occasion  compared  with  that  of  the  British  in  the 
murders  of  Dartmoor;  and  we  utterly  disclaim  any 
other  inducement  in  g'iving  place  to  them. 


Church  and  State. 

From  a  late  English  paper.  The  following  is  art  ac- 
curate statement  of  the  value  of  the  different  sees, 
according-  to  present  rentals  in  1813.  The  inequa- 
lity among-  them  is  generally  as  little  known,  as  tlie 
claims  of  the  greater  part  of  tho  .e  who  possess  tliem, 
to  any  of  the  rewards  of  the  establishment; 

Sees.  Pos^ensors.  Pr.  ann. 

fcanterbury Duke  of  Rutland's  cousin ^20,000 

'5'^oi'k    •  •  Lord  V»Tnoi»  &  loi-d  Harcourt's  bi-otlier  1 4,000 

IJnrliani Loi-d  Baningtoii's  iHicle 24,000 

Winchester  ....  Late  iord  North's  brother 18,000 

Ely The  duke  of  Rutland's  tutor  ......  12.000 

London Dr.  Randolph 9,0'10 

Bath  and  Wells  .  .  Duke  of  Gloucester's  tutor  ••.....  4,'ooo 

Litchfield,  &c.  . .  Lord  Cornwallis'  uncle 6,000 

"Worcester Dr.  Cornwall • e  000 

Hereford Duke  oi  Beaufort's  tutor 4,00'- 

^a"Bor Tlie  son  ot  the  queen's  English  master  S,ooO 

bt.  Asap'. Lord  Buckingham's  tutor 1,?0J 

p.''"'™ Brother  of  the  prince  regent's  tutor .  .  .  3,000 

Lincoln Mr.  Pitt's  secretary 5,000 

Salisbury Princess  Charlotte's  tutor 6  000 

Norwidi Dr.  Bathurst 4  f 00 

Carlisle Duke  of  Portland's  tutor .llooO 

St.  David's Dr.  Burgess 5,000 

Rochester Duke  of  Portland's  secretary ],500 

^xetcr  .... Lord  Chichester's  brothw .-?,0S0 

Peterborough  . .  .  Dr.  Madan s  .  .  l  ooo 

*^'''*',"' • Mr.  Percival's  tutor    1  ooo 

^i'"'a» Dr.  Watso. 'goo 

Gloucester Dr.  Huntingford 12  0 

*-"ester Lord  EUeiiborough's  brother !  .  i'ooo 


which  the  the  people  at  large  pay  the  enormous  suni 
of  164,900  pounds  sterling,  to  which  add  the  livinaf 
of  the  bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  with  about  1000/. 
more,  and  we  have  a  grand  aggregate  for  the  sup- 
port of  twenty.sijc  fat  priests,  of  165,900/;;  equal  to 
^73  6,596 /jer  anmtm. 

It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  these  livirigs'produceel 
about  100,000  dollars  more  per  annum  in  1813,  thari 
they  did  five  years  before — being  estimated  in  the 
statement  above  alluded  to  at  600,000  dollars.  T(^ 
which,  for  various  interesting-  particulars,  the  read° 
er  is  invited  to  refer. 

Let  us  compare  this  with  the  f;cts  that  belong- td 
the  p.ay  and  emolumeats  of  the  dignities  of  ihe  United. 
States  ;  that  we  m.u'  see  the  merit  of  those  who 
g-rumble  at  our'  expenditures,  and  extol  the  .system 
of  the  British  government : 

1  The  President  of  the  United  States 


1 

4 

8 

21 

23 
218, 

6 
18 


Vice  President     

Secretaries  of  state,  treasury,  war 

and  navy     .  .  .  i  

Chief  justicej  six  associate  justices 

and  attorney  g-eneral .  ;  .      .  •  . 


S25,000 

5,ooa 

19,000 
28,000 


31,000 
27,500 

283j000 
14i500 


Rkai 


ARKS  OV  THE  ABOVE. 


120 


18 


District  judges  of  courts  of  the 
United  States 

Territorial  judges     .  i 

Senate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives of  the  United  States     .  .  . 

Governors  of  territories  of  tJie  U.  S. 

Governors  of  the  states  of  New 
Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Kiiode 
Island,  Connccticut,"'i'ei'm.cnt,  N. 
York,  Xew  Jersey,  Peniisylvania 
Delaware,  Maryland,  Yirgi;;!-^, 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Kentuck\',  Tennessee, 
Ohio  and  Louisiana,  whose  ave- 
rage salaries  arc  about  2,200^ 
each ,  .    39,60D 

Supposed  amount  of  chancellors 
and  superior  judges  of  the  seve- 
ral states,  at  2000  .......  =  .  240,003 

Attornics  g-enerals 18,003 


438  Jjersone 


Dollars.  730,600 


Although  m  tiie  first  volume  of  the  Treeklt,  lies^is- 
t-r  page  130,  we  gave  a  pretty  fall  accounl:  of  "tlu 
hideous  ciuu-ch  establishment  of  Enghuid,  it  mav 
beprofitab'e  to  revive  the  subject,  and  offer  somV 
additional  facts  and  remarks  to  elucidate  its  enor- 
mity. 

t-he  wh'>l'-  -exhibits  !?5  //r-.v:?-?  jn  the  rhmrh,  for' 


From  this  it  appears,  that  fiiir  fulndred  and  thirty 
eight  pevso'\s,  of  the  highest  dignity  in  the  govern- 
ment in  the  '  nited  States,  ;nd  of  ^t  ;e  individual 
states,  and  filling  all  the  most  responsible  and  most 
active  offices,  are  supported  for  a  less  .sum  than  is 
paid  by  the  people  of  England  to  maintain  tioenfy 
six  fellows  in  the  church — a  lazy,  idle,  sottish  and 
gluttonous  pack,  whose  imited  labor  "for  tlie  good 
of  souls,"  is  not  equal  to  that  of  one  honest  itine-i 
rant  Alcthodist  preacher. 

It  is  Calculuted  that  the  church  esial/lishiMiit  re- 
ceives in  rent  and  t}  tliC;s,  about  one  eighth  of  the  -uihold 
rental  of  all  the  kingdom  of  England.  What  a  gor- 
mandizer is  the  church — oxk  EUiiiTii  or  all!  The 
chiefs  of  those  who  tiiu«  fleece  the  Hocks  thdy  ard 
appointed  to  guard,  lu-e  mostly  appointed  by  the 
king,  that  is,  the  ministi-y — and  we  may  easily  sup- 
pose what  pliant  creatures  tlit-y  are — ready  to  "gi\  e 
scrlpture"Tor  deeds  of  deepest  villainyj  Tiicy  arc 
not  worse  than  other  government  priests  {  but  nc* 
better  than  the  hound-inquisitors  of  Spain  and  Italy; 
The  spirit  that  su]3ports  them  all  s  that  of  ravening 
wolves.  How  else  could  they  eat  up  the  substance 
of  the  people  ? 

Such  is 
tree  of  monrrcliy  bciirs. 

In  contrast  to  Xhc-,^  fat  thincrg,  let  us  be?r  in  mind 
that  at  least  tvjoffth-i  of  the  laboring  claseecin  Bng/ 
laiid  arc pau/ii!rs-—:,nd  v.tU  tincy  may  be. 


mong  the  most  accursed  fruit  that  the 


£Q   NILES'     WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  18l3r. 


Foreign  Articles. 

iiAnsnAr.  bldcher's  accocxt  of  the  eattli:s  of  the 
16tii  axi)  18th. 


lieight  of  the  action  was,  the  ^vhole  time  near  Lig'i' 


nv: 


Affairs  appeared  to  take  a  favourable  turn  for  ther 
Prussian  troops,  a  part  of  the  vilhure  of  St.  Amand 


[Traiulateil  from  Dutch  papers  for  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser.] 

J\'arrative  of  the  operalion^  of  the  Pmvsian  army  of 
ths  Lo-:vcr  Rhine. 

On  tb.c  15th  instant  Napoleon  after  having  as- 
scuiblcd  on  the  day  before,  between  Muubeu^e  and 
Beaumont,  five  corps  of  the  army  and  the  diifercnt 
co;-ps  of  the  giiai-d,  commenced  hostilities.  Tlie 
poinls  of  concentration  of  tlie  foiu"  corps  of  the 
Prussian  army  were  Fleiu-us,  Namur,  Cimsy  and 
Hanoye,  the  situation  of  which  permitted  the  army 
to  unite  upon  either  of  tlie  points  in  twenty-four 
hour:. 

On  the  15th,  Xr.polcon  advanced  by  Thuin  on 
bolh  banks  of  the  S«mbi'e  against  Charleroy.  Gene- 
ral Zietjien  had  assembled  the  first  corps  of  the 
ai-my  near  Fleuriis,  and  sustained  that  day  a  vigo- 
rous comb.it  with  t!ie  enemv,  who  after  having  taken 
Chwicroy,  directed  his  march  u])on  Fleurus. — 
Gener.d  Zictiieu  maint-iined  liimself  in  the  position 
near  that  place.  Pieid-marshal  IJluclier,  witli  the 
intention  of -giving  as  soon  as  possible  a  gl-eat  bat- 
tle to  the  enemy,  direcled  the  three  other  coiif)s  of 
the  Prus<i.m  army  upon  Sambreff,  one  and  a  half 
ler.gucs  from  Fleurus,  wliere  the  2d  and  .jd  corps 
O'light  to  have  ini-Iyed  oa  the  15th,  and  tlic  4th  on 
the  16tli. 

Lord  Wellington  had  nssembled  hi.s  army  near 
Atli  and  Niveiies,  which  put  it  in  his  power  to 
give  assistance  to  field-marshal  Blucher,  in  case 
battle  had  been  ;';iveH  on  the  15th. 

Jane  16. — ■Battir  of  IJgny. — The  Prussian  army 
\va.s  posted  on  the  heights  of  Brie  and  Sambreff, 
and 'in  front  of  the  laitcr  place,  and  occupied  with 
impfcdng  forces  the  villages  of  Ligny  and  St.  Amand 
situjited  upon  its  front.  In  the  mean  time  the  od 
corps  only  effected  its  jnuetion.  The  4th,  \\hioh 
had  beei\  stationed  between  Licg^  .'.nd  llannoyc 
had  been  retiu'dcd  in  its  march  by  many  circum- 
stances and  had  not  yet  arrived.  Nevertheless  the 
field  inaisiial  BUicher  resolved  on  giving  battle, 
believin;-;  th:it  lord  Wellington  had  already  put  in 
motion  to  support  him  a  strong  division  of  his  arm}-, 
as  well  as  all  his  reserve,  stationed  in  the  vicinily 
of  Brussels,  and  that  the  4th  corps  of  the  Prussian 
ai'my  v.'as  on  the  point  of  itrriving. 

The  battle  began  at  3  o'clock  in  th.c  afternoon.  The 
enemy  deployed  above  130,000  ni;  n.  The  Prussian 
army  was  80,000.  Ijic  village  of  St.  Amand  was 
the  first  point  attached  by  the  enemy,  who  after  a 
v.igorous  rcsLstance  svicceeded  in  gahiing  possession 
of  it.  He  tlu-u  turned  his  efforts  upon  Lignv.  At 
is  a  large  viihigc,  strongly  built,  situated  along  the 
stream  of  that  name.  There  commenocd  acoiulict 
winch  onght  to  be  placed  in  the  number  of  the 
most  obstinate  mentioned  in  history.  Villages  liave 
of' en  been  seen  taken  and  retaken;  but  here  tlie 
eombat  continued  for  live  hours  in  the  village  itself, 
and  the  movements  i"()rward  and  backvrai'd  were 
m:idc  with  the  greatest  rapidity.  On  each  side 
ne-,v  troojjs  wei-e  constantly  advancing.  Each  army 
had  behind  that  part  of  the  village  which  it  occu- 
jued,  great  masses  of  infantry  which  kept  up  the 
contiic'.,  ;,nd  constantlv  strengthened  tiiemsclves 
by  reinf'.>reem:nts  f.oui  the  rear,  and  from  the 
heiglits  ujjon  the  rigjit  and  the  left.  About  20u 
pieces  of  canui.n,  from  the  two  aides,  were  pointed 
at  tlie  village,  which  vr.as  on  fu-e  in  many  places  at 
once.  From  time  to  time,  the  battle  extended 
along  Lhc  wliole  line,  the  enemv  having  likewise 
Ujeiiji.L  up  a  great  force  against  the  3d  corps.  The 


having  been  retaken  from  the  French  by  a  battalioa 
which  the  field  m.trshal  Blucher  commanded  in 
person,   in  consequence   of  which    advantage    we 


regained  a  height  abandoned  after  the  Ml  of  St. 
Amand.  Yet  at  Ligny  the  battle  continued  with 
the  same  fury.  It  appeared  that  the  issue  of  the 
confiict  must  depend  upon  the  arrival  of  die  Eng- 
tish  troops,  or  at  least  of  the  4th  corps  of  the  Prus» 
sian  army.  In  fact,  the  arrival  of  this  last  corps 
would  have  furnished  the  field  marshal  with  the 
means  of  making  an  immediate  attack  with  the 
rght  wing,  from  wldch  might  be  expected  great 
success.  But  intelligence  was  received  that  the 
English  division  destined  to  support  us  was  vigo- 
rously attacked  by  a  corps  of  the  French  army,  and 
that  it  was  with  difficulty  that  it  maintained  its  poi- 
sition  at  Quatre  Bras.  The  4th  corps  did  not  make 
its  appearance,  so  that  we  were  compelled  to  sus- 
tain alone  the  attack  of  an  enemy  much  superior  ii\ 
numbers. 

The  evening  was  already  far  adv.anccd,  and  the 
confiict  near  Ligny  was  tlie  whole  time  prolonged 
with  the  same  animosity  and  the  same  equality  of 
success.  Tiie  arrival  of  the  necessary  succors' 
was  invoked  in  vain.  The  danger  became  more 
pressing'  every  hour.  All  the  divisions  were  In  ac- 
tion or  liad  already  been  engaged,  and  there  was' 
not  a  swingle  corps  to  support  them.  On  a  sudden 
a  division  of  the  enemy's  infantry,  under  favor  of 
the  night,  without  being  perceived  went  round  the 
village,  at  the  same  time  th.at  some  cuirassiers 
forced  the  passage  on  the  other  side,  and  took  in 
the  rear  the  body  of  our  army  stationed  behind  the 
houses.  This  surprise  on  the  part  ^  of  the  enemy 
became  decisive,  especially  at  a  moment  when  oui- 
cavalry  stationed  likewise  on  a  height  behind  the 
village,  was  repulsed  by  the  enemy's  cavalry,  after 
repeated  atliicks. 

Our  infar.try  posted  behind  Ligny,  although  com- 
pelled to  a  retreat,  did  not  suffer  any  depression, 
either  from  the  surprise  of  the  enemy  in  the  midst 
of  the  darkness,  a  circumstance  which  exaggerates 
to  a  man  all  the  dangers  to  which  he  is  exposed, 
nor  by  the  idea  of  finding  itself  surrounded  on  all 
sides.  Formed  into  masses,  they  repulsed  with 
coolness  all  attacks  of  the  cavalry,  and  rethed  m 
good  order  to  the  heights,  whence  it  continued  its 
retrogade  movement  u])on  Tilly.  In  consequence 
of  the  sudden  charge  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  many 
of  our  cannon  in  their  precipitate  retreat  had  taken 
directions  which  conducted  them  by  defiles,  in 
which  they  were  necessarily  disordered;  and  in  thi* 
manner  15  cannon  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 
At  a  quarter  ot'  a  league  from  the  field  of  battle 
the  army  was  reformed.  The  army  did  npt  hazard 
apursviit.  Tiie  village  of  Brie  remained  in  our  oc-, 
cupation  all  night,  as  likewise  Sombreff,  where  gen. 
Thielman  engaged  the  4th  corps  of  the  French  ar- 
my, and  at  break  of  day  began  slowly  to  retreat  for 
Gemblours,  at  wiiich  pUce  the  4th  corps  of  the  ar- 
my under  general  Bulow  had  arrived  in  the  night. — 
Tiie  1st  and  2nd  corps  marched  in  the  morning  past 
the  defile  of  Mount  St.  Guibert.  Oiu-  loss  in  killed 
and  wounded  was  great.  The  enemy  made  no  pri- 
soners except  a  part  of  our  wounded. 

\Ve  lost  the  battle  but  not  our  honor.  Olir  sol- 
diers fought  with  a  b)-avery  which  left  nothing  to  be 
desired;  and  their  self  possession  was  preserved,  so 
that  each  one  retained  an  entire  conlidencc  in  his 
own  strength.  This  day  the  field-marshal  Blucher 
exposed  biinseii  to  great  danger.?,    i^j 


[xttack  cF 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


21 


cavalry,  conducted  by  himself,  failed  of  success,  ties  ^v^uc]l  the  passag-e  of  the  defile  of  St.  Lambo't 
while  the  cavalry  of  the  enemy  was  pushing-  with 
vigor,  a  shot  penetrated  the  horse  of  the  field  mar- 
;shal.  Tlic  animal,  far  from  being  arrested  in  Ms 
course  by  this  v/ound,  plunged  with  the  greatest 
fury,  until  he  fell  down  dead.  The  field  marshal 
.stunned  by  this  violent  fall,  remained  entangled  un- 
der his  horse.  The  enemy's  cuirasseui's  were  ap- 
proacliing  following  up  their  advantage.  Our  last 
horsemen  had  already  passed  by  the  marshal;  an  ad- 
jutant alone  rem  lined  near  liiin,  and  luxd  just  des- 
cended from  his  horse,  resolved  to  sliare  hiis  fate. — 
The  danger  was  great,  but  heaven  was  propitious  to 
us.  Tlie  enemy  continuing  the  charge  passed  i"a- 
pidly  near  'iie  field  marshal  without  perceiving  him; 


and  tlie  next  instant,  a  second  charge  of  our  cavaln 
having  repulsed  them,  they  repassed  wltli  the  same 
precipitation,  and  as  before  witiioutprecieving  him. 
They  v,-ith  some  difficulty  diseng'aged  the  field  mar- 
shal from  under  his  horse,  whicli  v."as  dead,  and  he 
soon  remounted,  upon  the  horse  of  a  dragoon. 

On  the  evening  of  tlie  17th  the  Prussian  army  con- 
centrated in  the  environs  of  Wavre.  Napoleon 
moved  in  pursuit  of  lord  Wellington  ujion  the  great 
road  whicli  .leads  from  Charleroy  to  Brussels..  An 
English  division  sustained  on  the  same  day  a  vio- 
lent conflict  with  the  enemy.  Lord  Wellington  had 
t'lken  position  upon  the  road  of  Brussels,  ii.aving  his 
I'ight  wing  supported  against  Braine  la  Lieu,  his 
centre  near  mount  St  John,  and  his  left  wing  against 
la  H..ye  S^nt.  Lord  Wellington  wrote  to  the  field 
marshal  lliat  he  was  resolved  to  offer  battle  in  this 
position  if  he  would  support  iiim  with  two  corps  of 
lus  army.  The  marshal  promised  to  come  witli  his 
whole  arm}-.  He  even  proposed,  that  if  tlic  enemy 
did  not  attack,  the  allies  sliould  themselves  make 
the  attack  the  next  day,  with  all  their  forces  united. 
From  this  it  may  Ijc  judg'ed  liow  far  the  Prussi:m 
A'.'my  had  been  disorganized  by  the  battle  of  the 
I6tii,  and  how  much  its  moral  was  weakened.  Thus 
ended  the  17th. 

Jiattle  of  the  ISth  of  Ju:ie.—\t  break  of  day  the 
Prussian  army  was  put  in  motion.  The  4th,  and 
5th  corps  of  the  army  marched  liy  St.  Lambert, 
•where  tJicy  were  tp  take  a  covered  position  in  t!ie 
forest  situated  near  Frichemont,  to  take  tiie  ene- 
my in  tlie  rear,  when  tlie  occasion  .should  be  fa- 
vorable for  it.  The  ]  st  corps  was  to  operate  by 
Chain,  upon  the  riglit  flank  of  the  enemy.  The  3d 
corps  v.-as  to  follow  slowly,  to  furnish  assistance  in 
case  of  necessity.  The  battle  commenced  at  about 
10  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  English  armv  oc- 
cupied the  heiglits  of  mount  St.  Jolni,  the  French 
v.Ms  upon  the  heiglits  of  Planchenort.  The  first 
was  about  80,000  strong,  the  enemy  exceeded 
130,000.  In  a  short  time  the  battle  became  gene- 
ral througli  the  wliole  line.  It  appeared  that  Na- 
poleon had  the  design  of  throvi'ljig  back  the  left 
wing  upon  tlie  centre,  and  of  thus  cifecting  a  sepa- 
ration of  the  English  army  from  the  Prussiims 
w.'iich  he  thougiit  was  in  retreat  upon  Vaestriclit. 
For  this  purpose  he  iiad  placed  the  greatest  part 
of  his  reserve  in  tlic  centre  against  his  riglit  wing, 
and  at  this  point  he  attacked  v.-ith  fury.  '  The  En- 
g-lish  army  fouglit  with  bravery  wliich"  it  is  impos- 
sible to  surpass.  The  repeated  cliarges  of  ihe'old 
guard  had  no  effect  against  the  intrepidity  of  the 
Scotch  regiments,  and  in.  every  shock  the"  French 
cavalry  was  overthrown  by  the  English  cavalry. 

But  the  numerical  superiority  of  the  enemy  was 
too  great.  Najioleon  was  continualiv  advancing 
considerable  masses,  and  with  wliateVer  firmness 
tiie  English  maintained  their  position,  efforts  so 
■extraordinary  must  liave  a  termination. 

It  was  half  past   4  o'clock,     Excessive   difficul- 


occasioned,  had  considerably  retarded  the  march 
of  the  Prussians  columns,  so  that  only  two  brigades 
of  the  4t]i  corps  of  the  armv  had  arrived  at  the  co- 
vered position  -which  had  been  assigned  to  ihem. 
The  decisive  moment  liad  arrived,  a!i<l  there  was 
not  an  instant  to  be  lost.  The  generals  did  not 
suffer  it  to  escape.  They  resolved  to  attack  im- 
mediately with  the  troops  that  had  arrived  at  tlieir 
dcsthiation.  Consequently  general  Eulow  with 
two  brigades  and  a  corps  of  cavalry  advanced  ra- 
pidly upon  tlie  re.a-  of  the  right  wing  of  the  c  c-my. 
The  enemy  did  not  lose  his  presence  of  mind;  lie 
immediately  turned  his  reserve  against  us,  and  a 
murderous  conflict  commenced  also  at  tiiis  point. 
For  a  long  Time  tl.c  battle  vras  uiiCertain,  and  the 
struggle  with  the  English  armv  continued  wiui  no 
less  violence. 

About  6  o'clock  we  received  interdgence  tiiat 
general  Tideieman  wiili  the  3d  corps  of  the  army 
was  attacked  near  \Vrivre  by  a  very  consider::')ie 
corps  of  tlie  enemy,  and  that  the  possession  of  the 
town  was  already  disputed.  Tlie  field  ma-slial  did 
not  suffer  tliis  news  to  trouble  him.  It  was  on  this 
spot,  and  no  where  else,  that  tlie  aff.u-  was  to  be 
decided.  A  struggle  kept  up  with  a  constantly 
equal  animosity,  and  always  supported  by  new 
troops,  could  alone  secure  victory,  and  if  it  was 
gained  here,  every  disadvantage  v.iiatevcr  near 
Wavre  would  be  of  little  importance.  Conse- 
quently all  the  columns  continued  their  move- 
m.ents. 

It  was  half  past  7,  and  the  issue  of  tlie  battle 
^vas  yet  imcertain.  All  the  4th  corps  of  the  .army 
and  a  part  of  the  2d  corps  und^r  general  Plrch  liad 
arrived  in  succession.  Tiie  French  troops  fought 
to  desperation;  meantime  some  irregulaiicy  was 
perceived  in  their  movements,  and  it  was  remark- 
ed that  several  pieces  of  cannon  wcie  on  t!ic  retreat. 
At  this  moment  the  first  columns  of  tliC  corps  of 
general  Zietiien  arrived  at  their  points  of  attack 
near  the  village  of  Smouhen,  on  the  rig-lit  f.ank  of 
the  enemy,  and  immediately  charged.  This  move- 
ment decided  the  fate  of  tlic  enemy.  His  right 
wing  was  penetrated  in  all  parts,  and  it  abandoned 
its  positions.  Our  troops  spnmg  forward  with  a 
charging  step,  and  assailed  them  on  every  part, 
while  the  wliole  English  line  moved  in  advance. 

Circumstances  were  extremely  ?  favorable  for 
the  attack  made  by  the  Prussian  army.  The 
ground  was  in  form  of  an  amphitlicaire,  so  that  tiie 
artillery  co-aid  freely  extend  its  fire  fiora  beiiiud  a. 
number  of  heights,  gradually  disposed  above  one 
another,  thro'  the  intervals  of  wliicli,  the  troops 
descended  into  the  plain,  formed  in  brigades,  and 
in  the  greatest  order;  while  new  corps  wcve  con- 
tinually unfolding-,  as  they  came  from  the  forcyt 
behind  us.  Tiie  enemy  preserved  the  nit-ans  of  re- 
treat until  the  village  of  Planchenort  in  its  rear, 
which  was  defended  by  the  guard,  was  taken  by 
assault,  after  many  very  bloody  attacks.  From  that 
time  the  retreat  became  a  rout,  wjiich  soon  coiii- 
municated  to  tlic  whole  French  arm}-,  v>-!iicli  in  its 
frightful  confusion,  hurled  along  every  tliir.g  tliuL 
attempted  to  stop  it,  and  could  not  be  distinguish- 
ed from  the  flight  of  an  army  of  savages. 

It  v/as  then  half  past  nine  o'clock.  The  field 
marshal  assembled  all  the  superior  officers,  and 
gave  them  orders  to  put  tlie  last  man  and  tlie 
last  horse,  on  the  i-ursnit  of  tlie  eneai}-.  The 
head  of  the  army  accelerated  its  march.  7')ie 
French,  army  pursued,  without  relaxation,  was  abso- 
lutely disorganized.  The  highway  lias  the  aspect  of 
an  immense  shipwreck.  It  was  covered  witti  an  in- 
calculable number  of  carmoii,  Ciissjous,  carriages, 


22    H^^ES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1815. 


bagg-ajje,  arm's  rnd  wrecks  of  every  kind.  These  of 
the  eneni}  wlio  wished  to  repose  a  short  time,  and 
who  had  "not  expected  so  prompt  a  pursuit,  were 
ch.ised  again  from  their  new  bivmracka.  In  some 
villages  they  .nttcmpted  to  rest,  but  as  soon  as  they 
heard  the  noise  of  the  dram  or  the  sound  of  the 
trumpet,  they  hastened  away,  or  threw  thejnselyes 
jmo  houses.'  There  was  a  bright  jtioon,  which 
reiitly  fn,vored  the  pursuit,  for  the  whole  march  was 
ut  a  continual  chase  given  the  fugitives,  cither  in 
thp  fields  or  in  the  houses. 

At  Gcnappe  the  eiiemy  was  entrenclied  with  can- 
non and  overturned  cliariots,  On  our  approach, 
we  heard  all  at  once,  in  the  txnvn,  a  great  noise,  and 
movement  of  carriages.  At  tjie  entrance  we  were 
received  by  a  In-isk  fire  of  uiusquctry.  We  replied 
by  a  few  discharges  of  cannon,  followed  by  a  hurrah, 
p.nd  an  instant  after  the  town  was  ours,  It  was  there 
tliat  among  many  other  equipages,  the  carriage  of 
Xapoleon  was  taken,  whlclijie  had  just  quitted  to 
mount  his  hor.se;  in  wliicli,  huch  was  his  precipita- 
t>io5t,  that  he  lost  his  sword  and  his  hat.  The  aiiiiirs 
lasted  in  this  manner  until  break  of  day.  Nearly 
40,000  men  in  tlie  greatest  rout,  tire  remnant  of  the 
whole  army,  esc.iped  safe  by  Charleroy,  pai-t  with- 
out armSj'cai-rying  witli  them  only  27  pieces  of 
their  numerous  artillery. 

The  enemy  passed  in  his  flight,  his  fortified 
places,  the  only  defence  of  his  frontier,  which  are 
now  in  possession  of  our*  arms. 

At  3  o'clock,  Napoleon  had  sent  off  from  the 
field  of  battle  a  courier  for  Paris,  witli  tlie  news 
that  victory  was  beyond  doubt.  Some  hours  after, 
he  was  without  an  ai-my,  AVe  have  not  an  exact 
knowledge  of  the  loss  of  the  enemy.  It  is  suthcieut 
to  know,  tliat  two-thhds  of  this  army  are  killed, 
wounded  or  prisoners.  Of  the  number  of  the  last 
lire  generals  t|LU\esme,  Montou  and  Compans,  At 
tiris  moment  about  oOO  cannpn  and  500  caissons 
ai-e  in  our  power, 

Pew  victories  have  been  so  complete;  and  surely 
there  is  no  example  of  an  army,  two  days  after 
having  lost  a  battle,  having  engaged  in  such  a  con- 
flict and  so  gloriously  sustained  it.     Honor  to  thej 


troops  capable  of  so  amch  constancy  and  valorl  In 
the  midst  cf  the  position  occupied  by  the  French 
^imv,  and  upon  the  very  height  is  a  farm  called  La 
Bdic  Mliancv.  The  march  of  all  the  Prussians  co- 
lums  was  directed  upon  tliat  farm,  wluch  could  be 
seen  fron^  all  sides  It  was  tliere  that  N.pokon 
was  dming  the  battle;  it  was  there  that  he  gave  his 
orders,  that  he  flattered  himself  with  victory;  and 
it  was  there  that  his  fall  w;is  decided.  It  was  there 
too,  that  in  the  daik,  and  by  a  happy  chance, 
field  marshal  Biucher  and  the  duke  of  Wellington 
rnet,  and  saluted  each  otiier  as  conquorcrs. 

In  commemoration  of  the  alliance  vhicli  this 
day  exists  between  the  English  and  Prussian  na- 
tions, of  the  union  of  the  tv.'o  armies  and  their  re- 
ciprocal confidence,  the  field  marshal  has  desired 
that  this  battle  may  bear  the  name  oi  La  Bdle  AUi- 
ancf,  the  happ'j  aUkince. 

By  order  of  field  marshal  Biucher. 

GEN.  GENISENEAU. 

Train  ths  London  Public  Ledg?r. 
Coxghess  of  tikxn'a. — The  "  Nf  v/  French  offi- 
cial G.azette,"  dated  Wednesday  tlie  19th  of  July, 
is  filled  to  the  extent  of  20  pages,  with  the  acts  of 
the  congress  of  Vienna.  It  begins  by  stating,  that 
t'ne  powers  who  h.ave  signed  the  tre^^ty  concluded  at 
Paris,  May  30,  lo]-*,  in  conformity  with  tlie  32d  ar- 
ticle of  that  a.ct,  with  the  princes  and  states  of  their 
allies,  i;i  order  to  coieplcts  the  di-jpositious  of  ths 


said  treaty,  and  to  add  the  arrangements  nccessaiy 
by  the  state  in  which  Europe  remained  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  late  w.ar,  and  desiring  to  compre- 
hend  in  one  common  transaction,  the  different  re- 
sults of  their  negociations,  and  to  give  effect  to 
them  by  their  reciprocal  ratifications,  have  author- 
ised tlicir  plenipotenti;u-ie3  to  in  a  general  instru- 
ment the  dispositions  of  greater  and  more  perma- 
nent interest  fmd  to  join  to  that  act  as  integral 
parts  of  the  arrangement  of  congress  the  treaties, 
conventions,  declarations  and  other  particular 
acts,  such  as  tliey  are  found  cited  in  the  present 
treaty. 

There  then  follows  the  names  and  titles  of  the 
plenipotentiaries. 

The  first  article  relates  to  the  annexation  of  the 
duchy  of  Varsovia  to  the  empire  of  Russia.  This 
duchy,  v.-ith  the  exception  of  provinces  and  dis- 
tricts otherwise  disposed  of,  is  irrevocably  to  be 
possessed  by  the  emperor  of  all  the  Russias,  who 
is  to  join  to  his  other  titles  that  of  king  of  Poland, 
and  the  Polonese  subjects  of  Russia,  Austria  and 
Prussi.a,  arc  to  be  represented  in  the  national  insti- 
tution. 

The  2d  article  refers  to  the  limits  of  the  gi-and 
duchy  of  Posen,  iuid  describes  the  line  of  territor;/ 
v.-hicli  shall  be  vender  the  sovereignty  of  the  king  of 
Prussia. 

The  3d  article  relates  to  the  salt  mines  of  Wier 
liczka,  which  the  emperor  of  Russia  is  to  have  the 
full  property  of 

The  4th  article  settles  the  boimdaries  between 
Gallicia  and  the  Russian  territories. 

By  the  5th  article  the  emperor  of  Ru$sia  re- 
stores  the  circles  of  Tarnopol  to  the  emperor  of 
Austria 

The  6th  declares  Cracovia  a  free  city. 
The  /thliiujts  the  territories  of  Ci-acovia. 
The  8th  grants  the  privileges  of  free  commerce 
to  Podgarza. 

The  9th  guarantees  the  neutrality  of  Cra,covla. 
I'he  10th  relates  to  the  constitution  of  the  aca- 
demy  and  bishospric  of  Cracovia, 
The  11th  gr.ants  a  general  amnesty. 


The  12th,  in  conformity  with  the  preceding  ax\\- 
cle,  declares  that  all  sequestr.ations  shall  be  taken 
ofl',  and  tliat  all  proceedings  against  pej-son^  fpr  po- 
litical acts  shall  be  null  and  void. 

The  loth  contains  an  exception  where  definitive 
sentences  upon  appeal  have  been  announced. 

The  14th  provides  for  the  free  navigation  of  tlie 
caiiids  and  rivers,  thi'QUghout  the  whole  extent  of 
ancient  Poland. 

The  15th  refers  to  the  cession  of  Saxony  to  Prus- 
sia;  tliese  .appear  to  be  veiy  considerable. 

The  16th  settles  the  titles  which  have  been  as- 
sumed liy  the  king  of  Prussia,  who  is  to  add  to  his 
titles  those  of  tlie  duke  of  Saxony,  Landgrave  of 
Thuringen,  Margrave  of  the  two  Lusatias,  and 
count  of  lienebcrg.  The  king  of  Saxony  is  to  con- 
tinue tlie  title  of  Upper  Lusatia;  and,  eventually, 
some  other  titles. 

The  17th  contains  an  express  guarantee,  on  the 
part  of  Russia,  Great  Britian  and  France,  of  all 
the  cesjiions  to  tlie  king  of  Prussia  in  full  sover- 
cignty. 

By  the  ISth  Au.stri.i  renounces  the  rights  of  so- 
vereignty over  Lusatia. 

The  19tli  contains,  on  the  part  of  the  king  of 
Prussia  and  the  king  of  Saxon}',  a  reciprocal  re- 
nuncip.tion  o^ feudal  rights. 

The  20th  allows  tiie  liberty  of  emigration  to  per- 
'sons,  and  the  exportation  of  thiir  property. 

Th?  Jl-jt  g"jyrantec3  religious   c3tabUslunentSi 


NILES*  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


23 


and    establlsliments  for  pub.lic   intruction,  ia  the 
districts  ceded  by  Saxony. 

The  22d  grants  a  g-cneral  amnesty  to  the  sub- 
jects of  the  king-  of  Saxony. 

The  23d  desig-nates  the  provinces  of  wliich  Prus- 
sia is  to  have  possession.  The  enumeration  ex- 
tends to  some  leng'th. 

The  24th  and  25th  describe  the  territory  to  be 
enjoyed  by  Prussia  on  the  banks  of  the  Rhine. 

By  the'26th  tlie  title  of  king-  of  Hanover  is  con- 
firmed to  tlie  king-  of  Great  T?ritain. 

The  27'th  relates  to  the  ces.sioAS  of  Prussia  to 
Hanover. 

The  28th  is  a  renunciation  on  lj«e  part  of  Prus- 
sia to  the  chapter  of  St.  Picrre-a-Nrerten. 

The  29th  specifies  the  cessions  of  the  king  of 
Great  Britain  and  Hanover  to  the  king  of  Prussia 
of  a  part  of  tlie  duchy  of  Lauenbourg-. 

The  30th  provides  for  the  free  navigation  of  tl\e 
commerce  of  the  port  of  Embden. 

Tlie  31st  delineates  the  military  routes  through 
the  territories  of  Prnssia  and  tlie  king  of  Hanover. 

The  32d  merely  contains  minor  regulations  re- 
specting the  bailiwick  of  Meppen. 

The  '33d  refers  to  the  cessions  to  be  made  to  the 
duke  of  Oldenburgh. 

The  34th  gives  the  title  of  grand  dulcc  of  Olden- 
burgh to  the  duke  of  Holstcin  Oldenburgh. 

The  35th  and  36th  settle  the  titles  of  tlie  grand 
dukes  of  Mecklenburgli,  Schwerin  and  Strciitz,  and 
the  grand  duke  of  Saxe  Wiemar. 

The  37th  specifies  the  cessions  to  be  made  to 
the  grand  duke  of  Saxe  Wiemar. 

The  38th  and  39th  relate  to  the  same  object. 
The  40th  provides  for  the  cessions  of  the  ancient 
department  of  Fulda. 

The  41st  has  merely  reference  to  the  preceding 
.article. 

The  42d  conveys  the  city  of  A\"etzlar  In  full  so- 
vereignty to  the  king  of  Prussia. 

The  43d  contains  arrangements  respecting  the 
ancient  circle  of  Westphalia. 

The  44th  and  45th  contain  a  disposition  relative 
to  the  grand  duch}'^  of  Wurtzburg  and  the  princi- 
pality of  Asschaffenburgh,  in  favor  of  Bavaria^  and 
the  establishment  of  the  prince  primate. 

By  the  46th,  it  is  declared  that  the  city  of  Frank- 
fort shall  be  a.  free  city,  and  form  part  of  the  Ger- 
manic league. 

The  47th  grants  indemnities  to  the  grand-duke 
of  Hesse. 

Then  follow  a  variety  of  articles  relative  to  the 
Germanic  confederation — the  regulation  witji  res- 
pect to  election — tlie  mode  of  collecting  votes — 
the  residence  of  the  diet  of  Frankfort — tlie  forma- 
tion of  fundamentrd  law-s — the  maintenance  of 
peace  in  Germany — these  extend  to,  and  include 
the  64th  article;  there  are  then  a  variety  of  arti- 
cles respecting  the  limits  of  the  Netherlands,  and 
the  grand  ducliy  of  Luxemburgh — tl^e  duchy  of 
Bouillon,  and  the  cessions  to  the  house  of  Nas- 
sau, ia  German} ,  and  the  tmiou  of  the  Belgic  pro- 
vinces. 


The  85th  describes  tlic  limits  of  the  estates  of  the 
king  of  Sardinia. 

Tlie  87th  gives  the  king  of  Sardinia  the  tiile  of 
the  king  of  (Jcncva. 

The  next  material  article  is  the  93d,  v/liich  re- 
stores t]ie  ancient  Austrian  possess^ions,  including 
all  tlie  territory  which  had  been  ceded  by  Austria 
by  former  treaties;  and  tlien  tliere  is  an  enumera- 
tion of  the  territories  so  restored. 

The  96th  provides  for  the  navigation  of  tlie  Vo. 
There  then  follow  a  variety  of  arrangements  which 
our  limits  do  not  allow  us  to  state. 

Tlie  lU5ch  and  following  article*  relate  to  the 
alfair:;  of  Portug-al.  The  restitution  of  Olivcnza 
and  other  restitutions  on  the  pai't  of  the  prince  i-c- 
g-ent  of  Portugal.  I'hcse  arrangements  are  con- 
tinued and  detailed  wilii  a  minuteness  which  we 
find  it  impossible  to  follow,  on  account  of  om-  cir- 
cumscrilied  space. 

By  the  119th  article,  all  the  powers  assembled  at 
congress,  as  well  as  the  princes  and  free  cities  who 
liave  cone\irred  in  the  arrangements,  are  invited  to 
accede  to  it. 

The  20th  article  referring  to  tliis  treaty  being  In 
the  French  language,  provides  that  it  shall  not  be  a 
precedent  for  subsequent  treaties  or  ncgociations, 
being  in  a  language  dilierent  from  v.'hat  they  for- 
merly used  to  be. 

Tiic  21st  article  provides  that  the  ratincatioTAS  of 
the  treaty  shall  be  exchanged  within  six  months,  and 
by  the  court  of  Portug-al  in  a  year  if  possible.  The 
treaty  is  to  be  deposited  at  Vienna,  among  the  ar- 
chives of  the  court  and  state  of  his  imperial  and  apos- 
loiic  majesty,  in  order  that  it  maybe  referred  to  by 
any  of  the  courts  of  Europe  who  may  wish  to  con- 
sult the  original  text.  It  is  dated  Vienna,  tlie  9th 
June,  1815,  and  then  follow  the  .sigiiatures  of  the 
plenipotentiaries. 

dy'Tiie  above  but  faintly  describes  the  cvittings 
of  the  "illustrious"  carvers.  The  people  in  gene- 
ral will  not  be  able  to  comprehend  their  extent  un- 
til we  get  a  m-u)  map  of  Europe,  to  compare  with 
that  we  have  at  present — then  shall  we  see  the 
moderation  of  the  "legitimates"  and  their  respect 
for  the  sovereignty  of  nations. — Some  fnibjtkmentary 
articles  may  be  expected,    atfeciing  France. 

FRCtt  LATE  ENGLISH  PAPERS. 

GERMAN  ACT  OF  CONFEDERATION. 

Art.  1.  The  sovereign  princes  and  free  cities  of 
Germany,  including  thci-e  majesties  the  emperor  ol' 
Austria  and  the  kings  of  Prussia,  Denmark,  and  ihe 
Netherlands,  namely  the  emperor  of  Austria  and  the 
king  of  Prussia,  for  those  of  iheir  possessions  which 
formerly  belonged  to  the  German  empire,  the  king 
of  Denmark  ?ov  Holstein,  the  king  of  the  Nether- 
lands for  the  grand  Duchy  of  Luxeir.bu.g,  unite 
themselves  into  a  perpetual  league,  wiijch  shall  be 
called  the  German  confederation. 

II-  The  object  thereof  is  tlie  mainten.ance  of  the 
internal  and  external  security  of  Germany,  and  of 
the  independence  and  inviolability  of  ttic  different 
Germr.ii  states, 

III.  The  members  of  the  confederation  have,  as 


At  the  74th  article   commences  the  regulations  I  such,  equal  rights:  they  bind  themselves,  all  equally 


relative  to  the  affairs  of  Switzerland. 

The  77th  provides  |or  the  rights  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  principality  of  Berne;  they  are  to  enjoy 
the  same  political  and  civil  rights  they  formerly 
possessed. 

The  79th  relates  to  the  arrangements  between 
Trance  and  Gcnev;x. 

The  80th  refers  to  the  cessions  of  the  king  of  Sar- 
dinia to  the  canton  of  Geneva. 


to  maintain  the  act  of  confederation. 

IV.  The  affairs  of  tlie  confederation  shall  be  mana- 
ged by  a  general  assembly,  in  -.vhich  all  the  mem- 
bers of  the  confederation  shall  be  represented  by 
their  plenipotentiaries,  who  shall  each  have  one  vote 
either  severally,  or  as  representing  more  than  one 
member  as  follows: 

Austria  1,  Prussia  1,  Bavaria  1,  Saxony  1,  Han- 
over 1,  Wurtembu.rg  1,  Baden  1,  Electorate  of  1  lessc 


There  is  then  in  the  83d  article,  an  arrangement  11,  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse  1,  Denmark  for  Holsteii,  1, 


relative  to  the  ftmds  placed  i^  E  igland. 


tlic  Netheiinnds  for  Liuembui'S'  I3  the  ^s,nd  D-ical 


21    l^HLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  i>,  1815. 


nnd  Ducal  Saxon  liouscs  1,  Rrunswick  and  Ntis.savi, 
1,  Mecklenburg'  .Schwerin  and  Mecklenljiirc-  Sti'c- 
litz  1,  Uolsloln,  Oldcnburir,  Anstcin,  Rcuss,  8iiaiiin- 
Imrg',  I-ippt'5  add  ^Valdeck  1,  tVic  fi-ee  cities  Frank- 
ibrt,  Lubcck,  Bi-eir.cn  and  llambury  1,  total  seven- 
teen votes. 

V^.  Austria  has  the  presidency  in  t!ic  t^iet  of  the 
confedeiation;  every  menaber  of  llic  lcat;-uc  is  cjn- 
powcrcd  tom:'kci!;"ypos!li-)ni,j  and  bring- tlieiii  under 
iliscassion;  and  the  ])rc3i.'l;rig  n-.cnilK'r  is  !;ound  to 
•■.ubmit  such  proposition  for  deliberation  within  a 
lixcd  period. 

YI.  W'len  these  pi'opo:;il  ions  rchitc  to  the  a1)olitlon 
cr  altcrtion  of  the  fe.nd:i.;;!ental  laws  ci'thc  confed- 
eration, or  to  regulations  rchitiacif  to  th.e  act  of  con- 
federation in  itself,  then  the  diet  tornis  Itself  into  a 
lull  committee,  when  the  dittercht  component nu^m- 
bers  shall  have  the  following'  \utes  proportioned  to 
the  extent  of  tiieir  territories: 

Austria,  Prussia,  Sa>.or.y,  Bavaria,  Hanover,  and 
%Vurtcnibnrg-  four  votes  each;  liaden.  Electorate  of 
Hessei  Gi'and  Bucliy  of]  fosse,  Ilolstcin,  and  I/ixem- 
bul'g',  3  votes  each;  Brunswick,  r>iec.klenlnir^-Schwe. 
lin  and  Na.ssau  2  votes  each;  Saxe  AA'eimar,  und  a 
pfTeat  number  of  minor  GeriTi.'in  princes,  with  the 
free  towns,  1  vote  each;  total  69  votes. 

YII.  Qu.estions  in  the  diet  shall  be  decided  In- 
a  Siinplc  maioiity  of  tiie  votes  ontlic  ordinary  occa- 
sions, tiiC  presicient  to  liave  the  casting-  votes;  but 
whdn  in  fuU  committee,  the  questi,on  juust  be  decid- 
ed by  a  majority  of  at  least  tlireer  fourths. 

VIII.  'J'iie  diet  of  the  confederatinn  h-is  its  sitting 
at  Frankfort  on  the  iMainc;  its  cpcnlng  is  tjxcd  for 
tlie  1st  of  September,  181j. 

"■'i'X.  The  first  business  of  the  diet,  .after  its  opening-, 
will  be  tjie  formation  of  tJie  org-anlc  reg-alatiqns  of 
the  confederation,  in  regard  to  its  external,  milita- 
ry, and  internal  relations. 

X.  Every  member  of  the  confederation  engages 
to  assist  m  protecting  not  only  all  German}-,  but 
tvery  sepai'ate  state  of  the  league  against  any  at- 
tack, and  reciprocally  to  guarantee  to  each  otlier 
the  whole  of  their  possessions,  included  vritiiin  the 
confederation. 

After  war  has  been  once  d^eclarcd  by  tlie  confed- 
eration, no  member  can  enter  into  separate  riCgoci 
utions  with  the  enemy  nor  conclude  a  separate  ar- 
mistice or  pe:ice. 

Althoup:h  tlie  members  possess  the  righ*  of  alliance 
of  every  kind,  yet  they  bind  the)Tisel->es  to  enter 
into  no  "treaties  hostile  to  the  secm'ity  of  the  con- 
federation or  that  of  any  confederate  state. 

'fhc  members  oi"thc  league  also  bind  themselves 
not  to  make  war  on  e:.ch  other  under  any  pretext, 
nor  to  decide  their  dilferences  "py  force,  but  to  brin^^ 
them  uiidcr  tlie  ccn-;idcartion  and  decision  of  tlie 

diet. 

Besides  the  preceding  articles,  there  arc  a  variety 
of  others  relating  to  tlie  internal  rt,:julation  of 
(icrmanv,  of  which  the  following-  are  the  most 
iriteresting. — 

Xin,  In  all  the  states  of  the  confederation  a  con- 
stitutional assembly  of  Jthe  states  genei-al  shall  be 
established. 

XVI.  Diversity  of  Christian  religious  fai*h,  in  the 
states  of  the  German  confederation,  can  occasion 
no  dilfereucc  in  respect  to  the  enjoyment  of  civil 
{ind  political  rights. 

The  diet  will  take  into  consideration  in  what  way 
the  civil  amelioration  of  the  professors  of  the  Jewish 
relig'ion  m.ay  best  be  effected;  and  how  tlie  enjoy- 
ment of  all  civil  rights  in  return  for  the  perform- 
ance of  all  civil  duties  may  be  most  efiectiudly  se- 
cured to  tliem  in  the  states  of  the  Confederation;  in 
tiie  mean  time  the  professors  of  this  faith  shall  ] 


c  ontinue  to  enjoy  the  rights  already  extended  to 
them. 

XA  ill.  The  confederative  pi-i-.i.ces  and  fj-ce  citiest 
agree  (o  secure  to  the  subjects  of  their  Contedei-atc{ 
states  the  following-  rights. — 

n  The  possession  of  landed  propvrly  out  of  the 
state  in  which' they  reside,  withv.it  bet);.!::  .'lubjected 
to  greater  taxe?  or  charg-es  than  those  of  tiic'nativg 
snl)jec1s  of  sucli  state. 

6.  The  rig-ht  of  free  emigration  from  one  Ger- 
man Confederate  state  to  another,  which  shall 
consent  to  receive  them  for  subjects;  and  also  tlie 
right  of  entering  into  the  civil  or  inilit.irv  scrvio 
of  any  such  crmfi  derate  st.".te;  both  i-tghts,  however, 
to  be  enjoyed  only  in  so  f|.--TiS  no  pi-eviotis  o!)lig-atio7i 
to  military  service  in  thcjr  n-ative  cojintry  sijidl  si  and 
in  the  way.  1 

c.  Tiie  diet  on  its  tirst  meeting  shrdl  occupv 
itself  With  the  formation  oPsomc  'iniform  regidationi^ 
relative  to  the  fi-eedom  nftlie  press,  .^md  the  securinpr 
of  the  rights  of  iuvdiors  and  publishers  ag-alnst 
oppressors. 

XIX.  The  inembers  cf  the  con  feci  cratjon  alao 
eng-agc,  on  the  fii-st  meeting-  of  tlie  diet,  to  take  into 
consideration  tlie  state  of  commerce  and  intercourse 
between  the  different  states  of  the  confederation 
as  well  as  that  of  navig-ation,  on  the  principles  adopt- 
ed by  t!;e  cong-ress  of  I'ienna. 

The  above  act  was  concluded,  and  sig^ncd  at 
Vienn.a,  on  the  8th  of  June,  1815^ 


RoxArAitTr,.  The  master  of  a  vessel  arrived  ct 
Xcv  -York,  was  informed  by  the  captain  oj  a  British 
frigate  in  the  Eng-lisli  channel,  j;ist  from  Plymouth, 
that  iionaparte  and  one  of  tlie  princip.d  persons  of  his 
suite,  had  been  landed  from  t'le  Belleroplion  and 
sent  up  to  London,  under  a  strong  military  escort — 
and  is  ]irobably  lodged  in  the  tower,  Mhere  some 
of  the  rooms  had  been  elcgantlv  fitted  up. 

Jstniaparte^s  effects.  PreviQus  to  Ronr.pavte's  dc- 
pavtvu-e  for  Rochefort,  he  demanded  permission  to 
carry  v.-ith  him  2200  volumes  of  tlie  liln-ary  of  Tri- 
anon, together  with  the  superb  Eg^'pthni  manu- 
scripts of  Denon,  andthe  Greek  iconography  of  M. 
Visccnti.  lie  v/ as  allowed  to  tak?  them  and  .-it- 
tended  in  person  to  their  packing;  and  was  said 
to  be  particularly  careful  of  tlio'se  which  treated  on 
American  subjects. 

'  His  effects  'vvere  transported  in  fix  waggons;  tv,-o 
of  them  said  to  be  loaded  with  g-oid  and  silver 
specie,  and  phite.  The  Paris  papers  afHrm  that  he 
created  a  million  of  annuities  to  raise  tlic  money- 
for  the  expedition. 

A  c.isK  !>'  POINT.  Pro-n  the  D-.-mocratic  Press. — Fre- 
quent enquiry  b.as  been  made,  what  should  lie  done 
v.itli  IJonaparte?  His  surrs^nder  to  one  of  the  allies 
is  supposed  by  f  ome  writers  to  put  him  at  the 
mercy  of  the  whole  body.  I  have  in  recollection 
tliat  lord  Kawilon  ha;l  ordered  the  cxecutio;i  of 
colonel  JIaines  at  Ch:u'Iest.on  for  a  breach  of  pai'olc. 
The  truth  in  that  case  was,  that  there  was  no 
breach  of  parole;  yet  colonel  Haines  v/as  executed, 
notwitlistanding  tlie  intercessions  of  a  vast  num.ber 
of  ladies  and  r;-(!itlemen. 

Congress  ordered,  that  if  ever  lord  Rav.'don,  now 
earl  .Moira,  governor  general  of  India,  .should  f.ll 
into  their  po\\er,  lie  should  be  given  up  to  the 
maurchce  for  execution  upon  being  identified. 

Rawdon  was  captured  in  an  English  frigate  by 
the  ileet  under  tfie  commau.t  of  connnodore  de 
Grasse  and  brought  b\-  that  fleet  into  t!)":'  Chesa- 
peake, at  the  time  that  a  combiued  attack  v.-;is  ;ibo  jt 
to  be  mads  upon  lord  Coru'.vaHis,  at  York  and  Glou-. 
cester. 

As  soon  as  it  v.-as  knovsn  at  tlie  line?  that  Raw-" 


I^ILES'    WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


25 


don  captured,  g-enci-ai  'Wasliing-ton  demanded  of 
tlie  Fierx.'i  n.v/jAo  deliver  iiim  up  to  liim  for  execu- 
tion. A  dtL.v'rook  place  of  a  few  hours,  in  which 
time  lord  Rawdon  was  sent  off  for  France,  and  the 
humanity  of  Uc  Grassc  saved  his  life,  for  IVashing- 
ton  claimed  tlie  victim  for  a  just  retalic-tioa. 

Allied  powers  as  France  and  America  were  at 
tliat  period,  yet  France  screened  Kawdon  from  a 
public  execution — now,  shall  then  Britain  give  up 
Bonaparte  to  her  allies. 

An  Old  Jievolutionnrii  Soldier. 

The  state  of  Francs. — The  London  ministerial  pa- 
pers already  g-rumblc  at  Loiiir.,  because  he  has  not 
yet  hung-up  some  of  the  jacobins  and  rebels.  It  does 
not  certainly  appear  that  any  disting'uislied  chai'ac- 
tei'liad  been  even  arrested  as  late  as  the  25ih  of  Ju- 
ly. These  papers  say  that  the  ministry  of  the  inte- 
rior had  been  twice  ol'cred  to  Camot  and  twice 
refused.  J\/ei/  and  S'jult  IiHve  gone  to  their  country 
liouses.  TuUeyrand  is  prime  minister,  and  Fouclie 
has  one  of  the  most  important  posts  in  the  realm. 
It  observes  "the  sslectUm  of  tJie  ministers  is  the  iri- 
■umpk  of  jacobinis-m." 

The  Prussians  are  busy  in  packing-  up  the  articles 
late  in  tlic  French  museum,  tliat  Bonaparte  broug-ht 
from  their  country  as  the  spoils  of  v,Mr.  The  car- 
rying' off  of  tliese  monuments  of  the  arts  vras  called 
barbarous — what  shall  we  say  of  those  who  wanton- 
ly dsairoi;  them.' 

I'lie  Prussians,  at  Pai-is,  would  appear  to  be  al- 
most as  ffothic  as  tiie  Uritish  at  JVmddngton  and 
Alexavdna.  V\^e  have  already  noticed  their  contri- 
butions-— but  about  the  lUth  of  July  tliey  had  pre- 
p:i.red  to  blow  up  the  magnificent  biidg-e  wlilch 
Monnparte  had  caused  to  be  buiit,  and  called  Jena, 
though  the  king-  has  changed  its  name!  Ever}-  tiling 
was  pi-cpared  for  tne  purpose — they  resisted  all 
influence  of  /rc'/toj-jo.-z  and  others  of  the  "most 


the 

;iugust;"  but  the  presence  of  the  emperor  Alexan 
der,  at  11  at  night,  saved  the  structure.  But  tiie 
Prussians  were  more  excusable  for  their  attempt 
to  destroy  this  bridge,  than  the  British  were  to 
Ijurn  our  capitol. 

Thp  London  Courier  of  July  19,  says — "Vv"c  are 
happy  to  find  that  the  emperor  of  Jiussia  has  nam- 
ed one  of  his  oiKcers  to  be  governor  of  Lorraine — 
[Louis  X"\']1I  being  king  of  France!]  This  is  symp- 
tomatic, we  trust,  of  tlie  separation  of  that,  as'well 
;is  other  provinces  from  France.  Wu  sliould  be 
glad  to  'jec  Austria*  a])point  ag-overnor  of  Alsace. 

Three  acts  of  justice  are  expected  from  the 
hands  of  the  allied  sovei-eigns;  or  the  bloocl  and 
treasures  of  their  subjects"  will  have  flowed  in 
vain. 

1.  Ti,e  punisliment  of  Bonaparte. 

2.  Tiie  payment  by  France  of  all  the  cxjKnces 
of  the  war,  together  witli  the  stUTender  of  all  the 
works  of  art  and  science  w  hich  she  has  pillaged 
from  other  countries;  and 

.jdly.  The  diminution  of  her  territorial  powers  to 
sucii  a  point  as  shali  render  it  impracticable  fjr  her 
to  c.iny  into  effect  tiiose  designs  wliich  she  has 
and  ;dways  v.-ill  iiave  at  heart,  of  attacking  the  in- 
dependence and  security  of  other  nations. 

Bisbandmsiit  of  free  'corps,  &c.  Louis,  by  the 
grace  of  God,  kc.  issued  an  ordinance  to-day,  v\ 
the  following  p>u-port:  tlie  battalions  of  nal'ionai 
,guards  d'elite  raised  in  the  several  departments 
since  the  20th  Marcli,  1815,  shall  be  disbanded. 

The  conscripts  of  1815,  snali  in  like  niJ.nner  re- 
turn to  their  homes,  he. 


■  •*This  has    been   done — baron  de  Hesse  has  been 
appointed — and  Lotiis  is  ki-i^-oi  France' 


All  the  free  corps  shall  be  disbanded.  All  coni- 
manders,  officers  and  soldier.s,  of  these  corps,  %h^.\\ 
retire  to  their  homes. 

(Xj^DisAiiMixr,  THE  PEOPLi;.  In  recommending  to 
the  mayors  of  the  department  of  Iserc,  the  strict 
execution  of  the  decree  of  departmental  commis- 
sion which  ordains  the  disarming  of  all  the  com- 
mimcs,  ]\I.  Randon  de  Saint-Marcel,  commissary- 
general  of  pclice,  adds  the  foUov/ing  instruction:' 

"Fowling-pieces  do  not  appear  as  comprised  in 
tlie  general  disposition  of  the  first  article;  never- 
theless you  will  take  them  away  from  the  inhabi- 
tants of  your  commune  whom  J  shall  particularly 
designate  at  the  foot  of  the  present." — Journal  de 
Paris. 

Tlie  fori ifications  about  Paris  are  already  demo- 
lished. There  is  a  report  tliat  150,000  Russians  are 
to  remain  in  France  to  cinili-c  its  population. 

There  are  good  reasons  to  believe,  from  v/hat  we 
see  in  the  British  jiapers,  that  Fi\ince  will  be  parll- 
tioned.  Alsace  and  Lorraine  seem  determined  to 
be  taken  from  her.  It  is  probable,  also,  that  they 
v/ill  be  completely  divest  the  cotintry  of  ali  its  mi- 
litary stores,  arms,  &c. 

A  letter  from  a  disting-uish.ed  American  officer 
now  in  London,    lias    the   following  pointed  para- 


graph— 


"I'he  rumors  from  France  are  contradictory;  one 
moment  they  are  without  an  army,  and  then  they 
are  in  great  force  on  the  Loire:  but  there  is  one 
thing  certain,  tiiey  are  playing  the  devil  in  Paris  bv 
contribution,  &.c.  &c.  huch  conduct  will  only  e  x- 
asperate  the  rest  of  the  nation  to  hold  out  the 
longer,  for  Paris  was  given  up  under  a  convention 
that  the  allies  v/ere  not  to  enter  it,  3-et  they  ]ia\  e 
done  so,  and  quartered  the  soldiers  in  every  house. 
AVhat  would  any  nation  think  of  a  king  who  v/ouhl 
suffer  a  foreign  general  to  lay  contributions  on  the 
inhabitants  of  his  capital,  and  he  residing-  in  it  :it 
the  same  time,  v/hicli  has  been  the  case  v;ithB'u- 
cher  at  the  liead  of  the  Prussians;  this  convinces 
me  that  the  English  liad  but  a  secondary  hand  ii'. 
marcliing  to  Paris,  and  that  the  I'russian.s,  not  the 
British,  :is  it  was  stated  here,  drove  the  French  ar- 
my before  them  through  France." 

The  latter  opinion  seems  supported  by  a  iiost  of 
testimony,  and  the  fact  appears  cle;tr,  that  Welling' 
ton's  army  would  have  been  anniliilatcd  but  for  the 
timely  arrival  of  the    Prussian  force,  on  tlie  even- 
ing of  the  18th. 

Contributions.  The  following  may  serve  as  a  spe- 
cimen of  the  proof  of  the  f;xt  that  the  allies  made 
war  only  against  lionuparte.' 

"A  contribution  of  four  :viiLi.ro\'s  has  astonished 
tlie  department  of  the  Upper  Rhine:  it  must  be 
completely  discharged  by  the  end  of  this  month 
(Julv.)  Besides  these  jsa^.Tuents,  its  commerce  i.s 
assessed  for  360,000  francs,  under  penalty  of  4000 
francs  for  every  <lay  of  its  posijionenient;  Slulhouse 
for  100,000,  and  Colne;.r  for  280,000  francs.  Every 
inhabiiant  of  .Monl-Blunc  must  pay  an  extraordina- 
ry assessment  of  60  centimes  per  franc  of  tlieir 
contributions  to  defray  the  various  purposes  of  the 
army,  he." 

The  allied  armies  in  France  were  estimated  at 
700,000  men,  :aid  more  were  yet  entering.  They 
are  levying  immense  contributions  hi  every  part  they 
had  reached — treath^g  it  in  every  respect  as  a  cm- 
querei!  coimtry.  And,  indeed,  so  it  is — Is  it  possii)le 
that  Louis  is  its  sovereig-n,  in  his  capital,  while  fo- 
reig-ners  are  levying-  conuibuiions  upon  i»?  Pshaw  ! 
Louis  is  the  sUve  and  creature  of  tlie  allies,  lUid 
not  the  king  of  Fiance. 

FaEKi.'OM  or  tme  riiEss.     From  the  Juurnal  de  Pa- 


2Q      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1815. 


m  of  Juki  24.— A  journal  gives  an  imperfect  list  oftliat  those  of  the  proscribed,  wlio  had  the  g'ood  luck 
__  :...:v.i„  „.K.„„.  „f  „„„..„„„„,.<.  ,..K„  i.„,..  to  reach  Fi-ance,  were  liberally  provided  for  bv  Bo- 
naparte; the  man  that  they  so  g-allantlv  opposed. 

The  Dublin  Evening-  Post  reprobates  tlie  duplici- 
ty of  the  allies,  who  declared  at  Vienna,  that 'they 
only  made  war  on  P,onapai-te  and  meant  not  to  im- 
pose a  ruler  on  France,  but  under  the  walls  of  Paris, 
thcjr  generals  inform  the  deputies  of  the  provision- 
al government,  "tliat  all  the  sovereigns  had  entjaged 
to  replace  Louis  XVIII.  on  the  throne  of  France." 

Gold.  There  are  many  reasons  to  believe  that 
Casdereao-h  contributed  as  much  to  the  defeat  of 


the  responsible  editors  of  newspapers,  who  have 
just  been  appointed  by  his  excellency  the  minister 
of  police.  They  are  ISIessrs.  Couchery,  of  the 
Journal  des  Debats;  Manuel*  of  the  Journal  de  Pa- 
rif!;  Chcron,  of  the  Gazette  de  France,-  IMutin,  of 
til?  Quotidienne;  Anger,  of  tlie  Journal  General  de 
France;  Jay,  of  the  Independant;  Arnault,  of  the 
^'jristarque,-  Peuchct*  of  the  Journal  dii  Commerce; 
Davrigny,  of  tlie  Journal  des  Campag^nes,  and  the 
C^'arrateur;  Pellence,  of  the  JVain-Jaune,  J^airi-Vert, 
tlie  Journal  des  Dames  and  the  Censeur  des  Cenaeurs; 


confided,  were  purchased;  which  is  likely  enough 
The  Austrian  force  that  ejitered  France  unde 


under 


in  short,  the  mos-t  petty  hand-bills  must  have  an  eJ/Jo?-  IS'apoleon  at  Waterloo  by  gold,  as  IFellingfon  did  by 
anTzverahle  for  their  contents.  _  \^steel.^     It  is  thought   tliat  some  in  whom  he  most 

There  was  a  gi-eat  deal  more  fighting  in  France 
n,fter  the  battle  of  Waterloo  than  was  expected— 
but  the  details  are  now  uninteresting.  For  tlie  sub- 
jugation of  the  country  seems  complete,  and  the 
"deliverers"  are  destroying  the  substance  of  France. 
Some  fortified  places,  however,  were  yet  besieged 
l)v  the  Austrians,  about  the  20th  of  July.  An  ar- 
ticle from  Geneva,  dated  July  16,  says — "Many  ve- 
hicles with  wounded  arrive  at  Basle.  The  passage 
of  troops  are  repeated  every  day  without  intermas- 
sion;  60,000  Austrians  and  18,000  Russians  are  aj*- 
proach.ing,  destined  to  reinforce  the  army  of  Alsace, 
reduced  by  frequent  comba'ts.  The  Rhine  swelled 
by  copious  "rains,  has  broken  up  the  bridge  of  boats 
iitRhinweiler,  an  event  that  has  thrown  back  neai-- 
ly  to  one  point  the  troops  who  are  to  cross  the 
river. 

Marshal  JVV^  is  considered  by  many  in  France  to 
have  played  a  traitor's  part  m  the  battle  of  Water- 
loo. Weliave  piiblished  his  account  of  that  memor- 
able affair — the  following,  from  the  Journal  de  Pa- 
ris, has  reference  to  It: 

"A  letter  inserted  in  the  Oracle  of  Bruxellcs, 
contradicts  some  assertions  in  that  which  was  ad- 
dressed some  time  ago  by  marshal  Ney  to  the  duke 

of  Otranto. The  "marshal    affirms    in  this  letter 

that   lie  was    without  money    to    commence    the 

campaign. The    correspondent   of   the    Oracle 

says,    on  the  contrary,  that  a  sm.all  pocket  book 


found  with  the  horse  of  marshal  Ney  at  Mount  St 
John,  mentions  thirty-seven  thousand  francs  receiv- 
ed some  days  before  by  this  general,  for  the  extra- 
ordinary charges  of  war.     The  poor  man!" 

A  Vienna  paper  informs,  that  the  courts  of  Ma- 
drid and  Naples  have  demanded  some  diamonds 
and  other  valuable  effects  of  the  wife  of  Murat, 
a  prisoner  at  Trieste;  and  that  the  Austrian  court 
has  given  orders  to  examine  her  abode,  ;ind  make 
out  an  inventory  of  the  articles  therein. 

The  emperor  Alexander  has  presented  two 
swords,  supposed  to  be  the  richest  and  the  most 
splendid  ever  seen,  to  the  duke  of  Wellington  and 
prince  Blucher. 

The  Moniteur  contains  a  letter  to  the  editor  from 
general  Alix,  in  which  he  says  "the  report  of  mar- 
shal Grouchy  contains  an  error  v.'hich  affects  me; 
and  wliicli  I  hasten  to  rectify:  I  7i>ns  not  kilted  aX  the 
attack  of  Wavre;  I  v.-as  not  even  there!" 

A  letter  fi'cm  Bordeaux  has  tlie  following  re- 
mark:' — On  the  8th,  the  Bourbon  funily,  carried  on 
tht  shields  of  stranger::,  have  re-entered  the  metro- 
polis. 

Tlie  Spani'h  patriots. — ^^Ve  learn,  in  a  London  pa- 
per, that  many  Spaniards,  illustrious  for  their  ex- 
ertions in  support  of  their  coimtry,  which  having 
rescued,  they  were  forced  to  abandon  to  save  thcii- 
lives,  ^rom  tlie  "legitimate"  fool  they  put  on  the 
throne,  are  in  London,  in  great  want.     It  appears 

'It  is  stated  that  these  have  refused  the  roi/al 
bounty,  v-'^'rctm^  their  apTioiritment?, 


Swartzeiiburg,  was  about  100,000  strong. 

Among  the  wonderful  things  of  the  dav,  we  learn 
by  a  London  paper  of  July  24,  that  there"  was  a  per- 
son in  that  city  who  left  France  about  a  month  be- 
fore, who  insists  that  he  is  the  real  dauphin  of 
France,  supposed  to  have  died  in  the  temple  in  the 
early  part  of  the  revolution.  He  requested  an  in- 
terview with  the  ducliess  d'Angouleme,  but  .she  re- 
fused it.  Be  the  fact  as  it  mav,  she  had  rather,^ 
perhaps,  be  the  wife  than  the  sister  of  a  king. 

Cuirassiers. — As  the  cuirassiers  of  the  imperial 
guards  are  often  mentioned  in  French  bulletins,  we 
prcsumcthe  following  brief  description  of  their  ar- 
mour, size,  and  character,  which  we  copy  from  a 
late  London  paper,  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  our 
readers.— .V.  Y.  Com.  .Idv. 

"The cuirassiers  of  the  French  imperial  guards, 
are  all  arrayed  in  armour,  the  fi'ont  cuirass  in  the 
form  of  a  pigeon's  breast,  so  as  to  effectually  tm-n 
off  a  musket  shot,  though  fired  ever  so  naar,  'owing 
to  its  being  kept  so  bright;  the  back  cuirass  is  made 
to  fit  the  back;  they  weigh  from  nine  to  eleven  lbs. 
each,  according  to  the  size  of  the  man,  and  arc  stuf- 
fed inside  with  a  pad;  they  fit  on  by  a  kind  of  fish- 
scaled  clasp,  and  are  put  off  and  o'n  in  an  instant; 
they  have  helmets  the  same  as  our  horse  gujirds, 
and  straight  long  sv.-ords  and  pistols,  but  no  cara- 
bines; and  if  there  is  a  good  horse  to  be  found  they 
are  sure  to  have  him.  They  are  all  ciiosen  m.en, 
rnust  b£  five  feet  seven  French,  (above  six  feet  Eng- 
lish) have  served  in  tliree  campaigns,  twelve  years 
in  the  service,  and  of  good  character  " 

A  number  of  anecdotes  are  published  in  the  Lon- 
don papers  to  shew  that  Bon:tparte  was  very  mi- 
nutely mforiBcd  of  the  condition  and  force  of  the 
British  army  neju"  Waterloo,  and  that  he  calculated 
upon  a  complete  victory,  and  immediately  after  ex- 
pected to  enter  Brussels,  where,  they  say  prepara- 
tions were  actually  made  for  his  reception.  They 
also  publish  the  followingproclamation  which  tlie 
Prussian  huss:u-s  got  wet  from  the  press  : 
Proclamation  to  the  Belgians  and  the  inhabitants  of  tie 
left  Bank  of  tite  Plane. 

"The  ephemeral  successes  of  my  enemies  have 
detached  you  for  a  moment  from  my  empire.  In  my 
exile  upon  a  rock  in  the  sea,  I  heard  your  complaint.s. 
The  (iod  of  battles  has  decided  tlie  fate  of  your 
beautiful  provinces;  Napoleon  is  among  you ;  you 
are  worthy  to  be  Frenchmen ;  rise  in  a  mass,  join 
m.y  invincible  phalanxes  to  exterminate  the  remain- 
der of  these  barbarians,  who  are  your  enemies  and 
mine  ;  they  fly  with  rage  and  despair  in  their  hearts. 

"  At  tiie  imperial  palace  of  Lackcn,  June  17,  1815. 
(Signed)  "NAPOLEON.    • 

"  By  the  Emperor,  the  maior-g;-eneral  of  the  armj-. 

"Count  BEiiTRxVND." 

British  loss.  Wellington  (says  the  Albany  Argua) 
states  tlie  total  loss  of  British  killed,  wounded  and 
inis5;ng-,  i^i  t^e  actions  of  the  16th,  17th  and  IBth 


JNILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


27 


lime,  .at  8,458.  We  find  the  British  force  stated,  ,  widow  of  Pahn,  and  endeavoring'  1)y  every  means  t» 
Before  the  actions,  at  46,500  men,  including- the  Gcr-  j  diffuse  an  interest  in  his  memory.  Some  of  those, 
man  leg-ion;  lience  the  loss  was  about  2  to  every  11.  '  individuals,  disguised  as  Russian  officei-s,  or  being 
The  Hanoverians,  Dutch,  Belgians  and  Brunswicli-  |  really  in  the  Itussian  service,  penetrated  into  the 
ejrs  which  formed  a  part  of  Wellington's  army,  were  |  castle  where  the  prince  was  detained  upon  his  pa^ 


stated  at  about  48,000.  If,  as  is  probable,  the  car- 
nage  was  as  great  among  the  auxiliary  troops  as  in 
the  British  lines,  his  lordship's  total  loss  must  liave 
cxccededjl7000.  What  the  loss  of  the  Prussians  and 
other  allies  was  we  have  not  seen -stated. 

Wisdom.  The  British  transports  wluch,  to  tlie 
number  of  60,  proceeded  to  Portugal  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conveyhig  a  Portuguese  army  to  the  Nether- 
lands, to  act  under  the  duke  of 'Wellington,  return- 
ed to  England  ;  the  Portuguese  regency  having  re- 
fused to  send  their  troops  abroad  to  co-operate  \vi\h 
the  allies. 

Prince  d'Ecbmukl  and  the  annt;. — In  makmg  known 
to  the  different  corps  of  his  army  the  address  he  had 
presented  to  the  king  through  generals  Ilaxo,  Gerard 
and  Valmy,  marshal  prince  Eckmidil  (Davoust)  has 
published  the  following  order  of  the  d.ay  : 
Fro-m  Head-quarters  near  Orleans,  July  17,  1815. 

It  is;  for  you,  soldiers,  to  complete  this  sub- 
mission by  by  your  ohedience;  hoist  the  vrhite  flag 
and  cockade. 

I  require,  I  know  it,  a  great  sacrifice;  we  hold 
these  colours  after  five-and-twenty  years;  but  this 
sacrifice  the  interest  of  our  country  reqiures  us  to 
make. 

Soldiers,  I  am  incapable  of  giving  you  an  order 
which  .should  not  be  founded  on  these  sentiments, 
or  which  should  be  foreign  from  honor. 

I,.,astyear,  in  like  circumstances,  the  government 
of  our  country  having  changed,  I  had  defended 
Harabui-g  and  Haai-burg  to  the  last  moment,  in  the 
name  of  Louis  XVIII.;  hearing  then,  as  now,  the 
interest  of  our  country  alone. 

I  }  All  my  compariots  have  applauded  my  conduct; 
a  fine  ;a-my  has  been  preserved  to  France,  not  a 
soldier  lias  deserted  his  ranks,  aware  that  he  serves 
his  country  wluitever  government  it  may  have,  and 
ttiat  an  army  cannot  be  a  deliberative  body. 

Soldiers,  adhere  to  the  same  conduct;  defend  oiu- 
unfortunate  country  in  the  name  of  Louis  XVIII.; 
that  monarch  and  our  coimtrymen  will  be  grateful 
to  us  for  it;  we  will  make  common  cause  witli  the 
brave  Yendeans  who  have  just  given  an  affecting 
example  in  declaring  that  they  will  unite  with  us 
to  combat  tlie  enemies  of  France;  and  you  will 
besidejj  have  preserved  to  your  coimtry  a  numerous 
and  brave  army. 

I  expect  of  you  the  same  spirit  of  discipline  of 
which  you  have  given  proofs  since  your  departure 
from  Paris. 

The  marshal  commanding  in  chief  the  armies  of 
tlie  lloii-e  imd  Pyrenees. 

S'gned,  prince  iFEckmuhl. 
BEiiTaiETi.  Munich,  June  8.  The  tragical  end 
of  prince  Alexander  Berthier,  allied  by  marriage  to 
our  royal  house,  excites  here  a  great  sensation. — 
ivhatevcr  pains  some  may  have  taken  to  attribute 
tliis  event  either  to  an  accidental  cause  or  to  a  trans- 
port of  despair,  the  public  persist  in  beholding  it  a 
special  and  terrible  act  of  vengeance.  This  is  the 
explanation  wiiich  tliey  give.  Dui-ing  tlie  last  War 
against  Austria,  a  book-seller  of  Erling,  named 
Palm,  had  prihted  a  pamphlet  in  which  were  repre- 
sented the  disasters  attending  the  movements  of 
great  armies.  Marshal  Berthier  caused  hi)n  to  be 
arf'ested,  he  refused  to  give  his  author,  and  was 
ihot  by  virtue  of  a  military  sentence.  His  relations 
and  friends^have  shxce  ti-avelled  all  over  Englaiul, 
th,«  h*r]^ij  and  Russia,  supplicating  succgr  for  the 


role  of  honor.  Tiiey  threatened,  according  to  one 
account,  to  carry  him  off  as  prisoner.  According 
to  anotlier  report,  they  informed  him  that  he  was 
sentenced  to  be  shot.  In  fine,  it  appears,  that  en- 
deavoring to  escape  from  their  fury,  the  prince 
fled  to  the  higiiest  story  of  the  house.  It  is  uncer- 
tain whether  the  prince  threw  himself  out  of  the 
window,  or  whether  those  who  pursued  him  preci- 
pitated him.  Tlie  superior  authorities,  Ilussian  as 
well  as  German,  have  instituted  enquiries,  the  re- 
sult of  which  has  not  been  given  to  the  public.  In 
the  mean  while,  this  melancholy  catastrophe  forms, 
the  subject  of  universal  conversation. 

Prince  Berthier.  The  Vienna  Court  Gazette  of 
the  irth  inst.  gives  some  particulars  respecting  the 
death  of  marshal  prmce  Berthier.  Upon  Jicaring 
that  Bonaparte  had  confiscated  liis  property,  he  ap- 
plied for  passports  at  BajTCUth,  Munich  and  ^'icn- 
na,  to  go  to  France,  which  were  declined,  but  were 
granted  to  his  wife.  The  confiscation  of  liis  estates 
seemed  to  have  a  gi-eat  effect  upon  his  mind.  When 
a  division  of  the  allied  troops  had  just  passed 
through  Bamberg,  he  fell  from  the  window  of  the 
palace,  60  or  "0  feet  higli.  On  enquiry,  it  appeared 
that  his  death  was  imputable  only  to  accident.  He 
had  complained  for  some  time  of  a  head  ache.  His 
wife's  carriage  was  waiting  at  tlie  door,  but  the  dust 
raised  by  the  cavalry  detai;icdtlicm  some  time  from 
going  out.  He  went  to  an  adjoining  room  to  look' 
out  of  the  window,  being  high,  he  got  on  a  chair,  on 
which  he  is  supposed  to  have  lost  his  balance.  lie 
fell  on  a  wall  in  front  of  tlie  palace,  and  thence  into 
the  street,  and  was  killed  by  the  fi\il  immediately. 
He  was.  buried  in  the  cathedral  wiUi  all  ceremony, 
and  his  funeral  was  attended  by  two  Russian  regi- 
ments,  and  several  general  officers.  His  property 
in  France  is  stated  at  80,000  francs  per  annum,  be- 
sides money  in  the  bank  of  England. 

Jlfudrid  June  2.  The  royal  decree  of  May  29th, 
concerning  the  restoration  of  the  Jesuits,  contains 
the  following  passage  : — 

"  Previoits  to  recalling  into  my  kingdom  the  so- 
ciety of  Jesus,  I  resolved  to  enquire  into,  and  I 
have  discovered,  the  falsity  of  the  criminal  charges 
alleged  against  it  by  its  rivals  and  enemies,  wlio 
are  likewise  those  of  Jesus  GJirist.  The  religion  of 
the  Incarnate  Word  is  a  fundamental  law  of  the 
Spanish  monarchy,  the  law  followed  by  my  glorious 
predecessors,  who  merited  by  their  virtue  the  title 
of  Catholic.  I  have  satisfied  myself, '  that  tlie  real 
enemies  of  the  altar  and  throne  are  tliey,  who  en- 
deavored to  load  with  contempt,  and  disiionor  by 
infamous  calumnies  the  virtuous  member  of  the  so- 
ciety, and  raise  up  against  them  so  many  persecu- 
tions." 

Paris,  July  18. — Yesterday  a  considerable  sum  was 
paid  on  account  of  the  contribution  imposed  on  Paris. 
It  was  the  produce  of  a  distribution  of  the  burthen 
on  different  classes  of  citizens.  The  notaries,  it  is 
said,  paid  226,000  fnincs;  the  law  agents,  300,000; 
the  merchants,  600,000;  the  bankers  400,000;  the 
exchange  agents,  500,000.  Towards  tlie  reim- 
bursement of  the  money  thus  advanced,  they  ai-e  to 
receive  municipal  bonds,  payable  on  the  amount  of 
the  extraordinary  cdiitributions  to  be  imposed  on 
the  proprietors  of  tlie  cipital. 

On  the  6th  inst.  Grenoble  was  vigorously  attacked 
by  a  column  of  3000  Austrians  and  Piedmontaise, 
uj\der  the  orders  of  gen.  Siplen^s.   Afler  tu^  actioi' 


2S     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1815. 


.of  three  hours  duration  an  armistice  was  concluded 
which  was  to  last  to  the  9th. 

Jtdi,'  24. — The  city  of  Orleans  is  assessed  in  a 
contribution  of  5000,000  francs. 

It  is  asserted  that  commissaries  of  the  foiu-  great 
powers  will  be  cliarg'ed  to  watch  Bonaparte  during' 
his  whole  life  in  whatever  quarter  of  Eag-land  he 
shall  be  detained,  which  is  not  yet  determined. 

It  had  been  reported  that  the  Austrians  had  cai-- 
ried  Report  by  storm  after  five  bloody  assaults. 
— But  it  appears  tliat  I.ecourbe  and  his  g'allant 
army  still  held  the  place  on  the  23d  of  July.  Gen. 
L.  had  defended  the  g-round  inch  by  inch;  but  upon 
hearing'  the  events  at  Wal  erloo  and  tlie  abdication 
of  Napoleon,  he  proposed  an  armistice  to  prince 
Colloredo,  wliich  was  accented;  the  Frci\ch  army 
continued  to  occupy  an  entrenched  camps  under  the 
\valls,  until  they  should  receive  orders  from  the 
new  g-ovemmcnt. 

Jii'lil  29. — TIic  Iianscntic  leg-ion  arrived  at  Rrus- 
scls,  has  received  orders  from  the  duke  of  Wellinij- 
lon  to  continue  its  iiiarch  for  Paris. 

A  w:u-  contribution  of  250,000  francs  has  been 
Imposed  on  the  district  of  Fontainbleau. 

The  persons  belonging  to  Bonaparte's  f.imlh-,  wlio 
had  remained  .at  Paris,  were  finally  to  I'^ave  the  city, 
either  last  nig-ht  or  this  rnormng-. 

Londor.  Jul!.'  25.— Yesterday  a  ver}'  ordei-ly  pro- 
cession of  discharged  sailors  marched  from  below 
the  bridge  to  the  admiralty  to  request  the  atten- 
tion of  the  lords  commissioners  to  some  points 
•which  may  add  to  the  comforts  ci'tlieir  situation, 
now  that  the  king's  service  will  not  require  them. 
They  complain  'th.at  numbers  of  American  and 
other  foreign  sailor?  are  employed  in  oiu*  imi-- 
cliantmen.  English  cmplc;\Tnent,  they  say,  should 
be  given  to  Engiislmien,  who  are  willing  to  work, 
and  they  request  that  some  regulation  may  be  a- 
■<.iopted"to  ensure  the  regular  payment  of  their 
•wages,  .as  in  the  king's  sliips.  Tiiey  were  in  nimi- 
lier  from  one  to  thr.."c  liundred,  and  one  of  them 
Vv'ith  a  cl.arionet  performed  the  office  o^ musician 
1o  the  party,  playing  "God  save  the  I'^ng,"  in 
which  he  was  every  now  and  then  joined  by //:«V 
be't  singers.— Their  best  speakers  were  cond'j- 
.scendingly  .admitted  to  an  audience.  They  were 
J;indly  informed  that  proper  attention  should  be 
paid  to  their  reasonable  requests,  and  the  party 
tvent  away  as  happy  as  any  thir.g  could  possible 
h.ave  made  them,  except  the  capture  of  an  enemy's 
ship  after  a  well  fought  battle. 

Mouse  of  Commons,  Jidij  2. — The"speaker  h.aving 
taken  the  chair  .at  the  usual  hour,  a  little  bustle 
was  created  by  the  sudden  appearance  of  lord 
Cochrane.  His"  lordsliip  was  proceeding  towards 
the  table  for  the  pm-pose  of  taking  tlie  oaths  and 
his  seat  on  bis  re-election,  unattcnded.by  .any  mem- 
bers when  the  speaker  informed  liirn,  that  accord- 
ing to  the  practice  of  the  house,  his  lordship  must 
be  introduced  by  two  memlicrs.  Lord  Cochr.ine 
shortly  afterwards  complied  with  tliis  form,  his 
lordsiiip  going  to  tlie  table  betvrcen  Av  H.  Mont- 
gomery and  Mr.  Tead.  Having  talicn  the  oaths, 
his  loi-dihip,  agreeably  to  another  form  of  the 
house,  proceeded  tow.ards  the  speaker,  whose  cus- 
tom it  is  to  slndte  hands  with  cve'-y  newiy  returntd 
3nember;but  on  tiiis  occasion  no  sh.aking  of  n.onds  took 
place.  Ids  lordship  contenting'  himself  with  a  bow. 

Thursday,  lord  Cochrane  gave  notice  that  lie 
would,  on  Tuesday  next,  move  for  the  minutes  and 
proceedings  on  his  trial,  for  the  purpose  of  intitut- 
ing  uiteri(jr  proceedings  against  the  cliief  justice  of 
the  court  of  king's  bencJ!. 

Yesterday,  Thomas  Abbot  Green,  esq.  lately  e- 
lected  one  of  tlje  sheriff's,  paid  his  fii;e  of  6001.  and 


20    nuu'ks,   to  be  excused    serving  in  that  office, 
The    lord   mayor   has  ordered    summonses    for  a 
common  hall  on  Tuesd.ay  next,  for  the  election  o 
two   sheriffs  in  the  room  of  John  Idle,  and  T.  A. 
Green,  esqrs. 

rive  hundred  houses  have  been  destroyed  by  fire 
at  Calcutta. 

The  French  prisoners  .at  D.artmQor,  on  t!ie  l.atf 
change  in  France,  struck  the  tri-colourcd  fiag, 
nonnoHs  or  the  great  battles. 

Extracts  of  letters.  Untssels,  June  25.r— "We  ar- 
rived here  two  days  after  tlie  battle,  ahd  took  the 
first  moment  to  go  upon  the  field.  I  do  not  think 
it  possible  for  Language  to  describe  the  horrors  of 
the  sight;  thousands  of  men  and  horses  lying  on 
the  gi'oimd  in  a  state  of  putrefaction,  and  in  every 
v.ariety  of  shocking  and  mangled  deformity.  Th# 
peasantry  (whose  first  object  was  sti-ipping  and 
plunder)  were  employed  in  burying  and  burning 
tlie  bodies;  but  I  .am  told  that  yet  there  arc  grea't 
numbers  on  the  ground,  and,  of  course,  in  a  still 
more  horriljle  state.  It  was  at  a  farm  which,  from 
a  singular  coincidence,  is  called  La  Belle  Alliance, 
that  the  conflict  was  most  severe;  its  situation  is 
close  to  the  road  leading  from  Waterloo  to  Na- 
mur,  ;md  about  three  English  miles  from  the  for- 
mer place.  There  the  slaughter  was  hiconceiva- 
bly  great;  and  in  a  small  wood  adjoining,  the  scene 
was  so  frightful  that  I  could  not  remain,  althougli 
I  had  viewed  with  comp.ar.ative  composure  the  thou- 
sands that  lay  extended  on  the  plains,  tlie  whole  of 
which  consisted  of  corn  fields,  and  mostly  of  rve, 
which  at  this  time  is  five  feet  high,  or  more,  but  in 
the  circumference  of  some  miles  was  not  only  le- 
velled, but  put  on  the  .appe.ar.ance  of  a  s.andv  plnin 
covered  witli  hiils  and  heaps  of  the  slain.  You  will 
form  some  idea  of  tlie  total  loss,  when  I  tell  you 
tliat  two  days  ago,  the  returns  of  wounded  in  Brus- 
sels only  v.ere  said  to  be  2,3,000,  and  ever  since  the 


j-oads  have  been  lined  with  waggon  loads 


of  mang- 


led suflcrers,  many  of  whom  have  been  Ijing  ne 
g-lected  or  undiscovered  in  the  st.andmg  corn.  Tlie 
head  of  the  medical  ;:taff  told  me  yesterday,  tliat 
there  .oi-e  many  more  to  arrive,  whose  wounds  Ijavc 
not  yet  been  dressed,  and  it  is  confidently  s.oid  th.at 
the  grand  total  of  killed  .and  wounded  on  both 
sides,  amounts  to  more  than  70,000. 

Lonihn,  Juli'  20.  A  private  letter  from  Mons,  un- 
der date  of  the  14th  of  tliis  month,  contains  the 
following-  particulai-s;  "It  is  only  four  days  since 
the  burning  of  the  dead  bodies  with  which  the  field 
of  the  battle  of  Mont  Saint  Jean  was  strcv,ed. — 
Several  thousand  carts  were  put  in  requisition  for 
this  oper..t;on  iu  the  department  of  Jem.appe.  Af- 
ter the  lapse  of  ten,  twelve  and  even  fifteen  days, 
tlicrc  were  fotmd  among  the  dead  carcases  great 
numbers  of  the  wounded,  who,  impelled  by  mad- 
ness or  hunger,  had  eat  of  the  botlies  of  the  men 
and  horses  tliat  surrounded  them.  I  say  madness, 
because  tiiei'e  were  some  of  them  tluit  even  then 
cried,  in  their  dying  agonies,  vive  Vempereur,  as  they 
were  jviised  up  by  tlie  persons  engaged  in  the  re^ 
moval." 

Of  tlia  attacliment  of  his  followers  to  Bonaparte, 
the  following  .anecdotes  are  cited: — 

"A  favorite  M.nneluke,  who  was  taken  prisoner 
on  the  18th,  leaving  heard  of  his  mastei-'s  decisive 
defeat,  exclaimed,  <'then  I  siiall  never  live  to  sec 
•lis  downfall" — with  tliese  words  he  opened  liis 
knife  and  cut  out  his  eyes.  A  French  soldier,  who. 
)iad  just  suii'ered  th.e  amputation  of  ;m  .arm,  actu- 
ated* by  a  like  snirii,  i-equested  tliat  the  limb  sboulcP. 
be  givcri  to  huu;  \\iicn,  taking-  it  in  his  remalnlng- 
hand,  arul  brandishing  it  round  his  head,  ht  ex- 
claimed, t-ive  I'emperevr,  'dve  Jiorn' parte"'' 


NILES^  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  EYENTS. 


2$ 


Or,  matters  belonging  to  the  late  ivar  -.vUh  G.  B. 
Ti'E  E  iTTi-E  -iroMiTMEXT.      Thc  conimlUec  of  vi- 
eihmce   and  safety  of  the   city  of  Baltimore,  liave 


not  agree- 


Father — I  speak  rather  loud,  if  it  is 
able  to  yaw  tell  me  so,  and  I  \\'ill  speak  lower. 

Mu  father— I  have  always  a^iven  my  yomig  men 
good  counsel,  if  you  doubt  it,  enquire  of  the  wairlo.s 
present — they  will  tell  yon  the  truth. 

IxHCMAx  viLLAixiKs.     It  is  pvobablc,  among  the 


announced  their  plan  of  arrangement  for  a  grand >  ,v„^,.ess-'i/  ■me7i  who  have  returned  from  Dartmoor, 
civil  and  military  procession,  to  be  formed  on  theUyiiere  an  Alg-erlne  barbarity  deposited  them  for 
X2th  inst.  to  proceed  to  lay  the  corner  stone  of  a  exchange  as  reg^dur  prinoiiers  of  -var — a  procedtu'e 
niomiment  to  be  erected  to  the  memory  of  t!ie  the  most  cruel  and  base  I  ever  heard  of,  and  which 
br.ive   men  who  fell  in   defence  of  this  city  on  the  j  ought  to  stamp    tlie  British  name  witli  everlasting 


12(h  and  13th   of  September  last.     We  shall  pub- 
lish a  full  account  of  it,  when  it  takes  place. 

BniTisH  roRCE  ix  CiXABA.  The  follow  p:u-agraph 
from  a  London  paper  of  July  17,  n>ay  assist  the 
discovery  of  an  interesting  fact — 
i  London,  Juhj  17.  12,000  troops  from  Canada  have 
arrived  at  Portsmoutli,  on  board  52  transports. — 
Th€se  foi-ming  14  battalions,  will  be  soon  foUov/ed 
by  seven  others,  making  18,000  men. 

CCj'Other  transports  had  previously  an-Ived.  Qtte- 
)»,^_what  was  the  greatest  Britisli  force  in  Canada 
during  the  war? 

Plattshurg  is  fast  recovering,  and  with  hand- 
some improvement,  from  the  destruction  of  its 
buildings,  caused  in  September  last. 

Lieiiienant  John  Gamble,  late  of  thc  Essex  frigate, 
who  came  passenger  in  the  Oliver  Ellsworth,  arriv- 
ed at  New- York,  was  captiu-ed  at  the  S;mdwich  Isl- 
ands on  the  19th  of  June,  1814,  by  the  British  ship 
of  war  Cherub,  of  26  guns,  liaving  been  left  at  the 
Marquesses  by  captain  Porter,  in  charge  of  three 
ships.     After  remaining  there  live  months,  making 


infamy,  tJiere  are  not  less  tluni  500  who  had  been 
enslaved  upwards  of  ten  yearn — many  as  much  as 
seventeen,  and  some  even  longer!  It  would  be  quite 
safe  to  say  that  from  eight  to  ten  thousand  of  our 
people  have  perished  in  this  horrible  slavery,  since 
the  wretched  business  of  impressment,  or  man-steal- 
ing, began.  What  is  the  extent  of  suflering  by  thc 
Algerines  compared  with  this?  Look  at  it  fairly. 

We  have  lately  noticed  the  two  ft^llowing  cases^ 
and  select  them  from  many  others  of  the  same  cha^ 
racter: 

From  the  Boston  Patriot.  The  following  letter, 
detailing  the  particulars  of  the  barbarous  flogging 
of  Joseph  Slater,  an  American  seaman,  by  the  Bri- 
tish Hims,  because  he  refused  to  fight  against  his 
native  country,  has  been  handed  us  for  publication. 
Mr.  Beasley  has  undoubtedly  conimimicated  a  copy 
of  the  letter  to  our  government,  and  we  cannot 
think  they  will  suffer  such  a  flagrant  act  of  villainy 
to  pr.ss  imnoticed.  The  magnanimous  Britisli,  not 
being  able  to  meet  our  soldiers  on  land,  or  seamen 
on  the  ocean,  resort  to  the  despicable  and  coward- 


preparations  to  depart,  a  mutiny  took  place  amongst  ly  practice  of  _/?o^^^-j';i^  and  shooting  them  when    ia 


his  men,  in  which  lieutenant  G.  was  wounded. 
The  mutineers  and  prisoners  of  war  succeeded  in 
taking  the  ship  Seringapatam  out  of  the  bay.  Two 
days  after  iieut.  Gamble  was  attacked  by  the  sa- 
vages, and  lost  midshipman  AVilliam  Fcltus,  and  3 
men,  Ijesides  one  dangerously  wounded. 

Lieutenant  Gamble  afterwards  burnt  the  ship 
Greenwich,  got  out  of  thc  bay  in  the  ship  sir  An- 
drew Hammond,  and  in  a  distressed  state  reached 
the  Sandwich  Island.^,  wliere  he  was  captured  by 
the  Cherub;  and  after  remaining  on  board  that  ship 
7  months,  was  set  ashore  at  Kio  Janeiro,  where  he 
remained  5  months,  and  then  embarked  on  board 
tJie  Swedish  ship  (iood  Hope,  for  Havre;  and  on  the 
1st  of  August,  in  lat.  47,  long.  18,  was  put  on  board 
the  ship  Oliver  Ellsworth.  Lieut.  G.  left  at  liio, 
midshipman  Clapp  and  5  men. 

St.  Isolds,  Juli/  29.  The  commissioners  ha^•c  fin- 
ished treaties  with  all  the  Indians  that  assembled 


their  power,  unarmed  and  defenceless- 

Prison  ship  Irresistible,  Chatham,  Sep-  ~^ 
tember  12,  1814.  > 

R.  G.  BEAStEr,  ESQ.. 

Honored  sir — We  consider  it  a  duty  which  we 
owe  to  our  country  and  fellow  citizens  in  general,, 
to  inform  you,  as  oiu*  country's  agent,  of  the  bar- 
barous treatment  which  Joseph  Slater,  an  American 
prisoner  of  war,  received  on  board  the  British  na- 
tional brig  Censor,  lieutenant  U..W.  Lucas,  comman- 
der. It  appears  from  the  statemcTit  of  ?>fr.  Slater, 
tiuitlie  had  been  acdng  boatswain  of  the  brig,  and 
rctiu-ni;;g  from  thc  Belt  with  a  convoy  bound  to 
England,  saw  a  schooner  which  they  expected  to 
be  an  American  privateer,  when  Mr.  Slater  was  or- 
dered to  pipe  all  h;inds  to  quarters,  which  he  did, 
and  then  went  aft,  and  informed  lieutenant  Lucas, 
tlutt  sliould  the  cluise  be  an  American,  he  would 
not  fight  her,  and  offt-red  liimself  up  as  a  prisoner 
of  war,  but  could  not  be  received  as  such,  and  was 


in  a  proper  way  at  Portage  des  Sioux.     It  will  pro 

bably  be  the  last  of  August  before  Mr.  G.  Keimer-I  obliged  to  return  to  his  duty,  aiid  continued  to  do 
ly  arrives  with  the  Indians  high  upon  the  Missouri  I  duty  until  the  3d  instant,  when  he  Vv'as  sent  ou 
and  Mississippi.  No  doubt,  hov/cver,  of  the  utmost  board  tlie  .Aa.-n.'/r,  lying  at  Sheerburgness,  and  ex- 


expediiion.  Mr.  K.  is  an  active,  enterprising  gen- 
tleman, in  whom  the  utmost  confidence  is  to  he 
placed. 

Talk  of  the  Big  Elk,  principal  JiTuha  chief,  to  gover- 
7ior  Clark. 
Father — I  have  always  listened  to  your  words, 
your  counsels  are  yet  fresh  ui  my  memory — I  am 
your  child;  if  my  skin  was  white,  1  should  be  your 
oldest  son. 


amined  before  tliree  captains  and  the  first  lieuten- 
ant of  the  Namur,  and  was  returned  on  board  the 
old  brig  (the  old  Censor)  as  a  prisoner  of  war — 
when  Mr.  Lucas  (the  commander)  ordered  him 
both  legs  in  iron9,  and  kept  him  in  that  situation  un- 
der the  centinel's  charge  and  on  px"isonei''s  allow- 
ance, until  the  10th  instant,  -.indpubHcltj  rvhipped,  by 
order  of  lieutenimt  Lucas,  and  was  then  sent  to 
this  ship  as  a  prisoner  of  war.     AVe    examined  Mr^ 


Father — When  we  are  at  our  villages,    or  on  our  Slater's  back  as  soon  as  he  came   down    into  the 


lands  in  the  prairies,  if  we  die,  we  are  sometimes  bu 
ried  and  sometimes  not.  If  they  bury  us,  we  are 
put  in  a  Buffalo  robe,  perhaps  an  old  robe,  and  are 
left  a  prey  for  the  wolves  and  crows,  and  our  bones 
are  scattered  over  the  plains.  Who  would  not 
wish  to  die  among  you!  that  he  may  i>e  buried  with 
the  honors  of  war,  as  you  bm'led  one  of  o'ijf  red 
skin  cjjicfs,  who  (.Uetl  at  Portage  dcj  Sioujr. 


prison,  and  found  that  he  had  been  scandalously 
and  iahumanly  wlilpped,  as  all  his  wounds  wer^. 
fresh,  and  appeared  to  agree  with  his  statement, 
that  he  had  been  flogged  about  tv.'o  hoiu's  before 
we  saw  him. 

He  likewise  slicwcd  us  his  protection,  certifying 
him  to  l)e  a  native  citizen  of  t!ie  United  States,  and 
no  doubt  remains  with  U's  of  thi"?  bcinir  s'lch;  v  • 


so      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1815. 


therefore  pray  you  to  make  his  case  knoma  to  our 
government,  and  to  the  English  boai'cl  of  admiral- 
ty, or  to  take  any  other  method  you  may  think  pru- 
dent to  obtain  redress. 

We  are,  with  due  respect,  your  very  humble 
servants, 

(Signed)        GEORGE  M'LELLAN,  President. 
LABAN  THAYER, 
JOHN  WARNER, 
JOHN  S.  BAGENT, 
THOMAS  WETERMAN, 

J\Te-mbers  of  the  committee. 

From  the  Providence  Patriot.  Mr.  Sa-jiuel  Hop- 
kins, of  Foster,  ajid  ISIr.  Hf.xry  Stone,  of  Scituate, 
in  this  state,  have  recently  returned  home,  the  first 
after  an  absence  of  17  years,  and  the  latter  of  13 
years.  They  were  impressed  into  the  naval  ser- 
vice of  Great  Britain  from  American  vessels,  and 
as  the  rest  of  their  countrymen  who  were  in  slavery 
did,  at  the  commencement  of  hostilities,  gave  them- 
selves up  as  prisoners  of  war;  since  which  period, 
they  have  been  ir.imured  in  the  dung-eons  of  Dart- 
moor. Mr.  Hopkins  has  a  family,  who  had  long- 
since  numbered  him  with  the  dea-d;  a  son,  who  has 
nearly  attained  the  ag-e  of  manliootl,  during-  the 
lingering  years  of  lus  father's  servitude  in  the 
*'floating  hells  of  Britain."  Mr.  Stone  had  repeat- 
edly written  to  his  father  while  in  slavery,  and  tlie 
necessary  documents  were  as  often  forwarded  to 
procure  his  release,  but  in  vain.  Their  sufferings 
have  been  almost  beyond  endurance;  and  tlieir  joy 
on  finding  themselves  once  more  on  the  soil  of  li- 
berty, nearly  overpowered  their  facidties. 

Sir  George  Prevost,  it  is  said  in  a  Quebec  pa- 
per, will  come  off  with  Hying  colors,  as  no  one  will 
probably  appear  to  prosecute  him — that  he  has  been 
•graciously  received,  &.C.'  As  the  prince  reg-ent 
lias  been  'graciously  pleased'  to  order  that  certain 
regiments  lately  serving  in  Canada,  may  have  the 
Avord  "jjiagaka"  inscribed  on  their  colors,  to  per- 
petuate their  glorious  victories  at  Chippeiaa,  Bridge- 
Tjater  and  IMe,  we  would  humbly  recommend  that 
the  old  kniglit  might  have  "VEATTSBUiit;"  inserted 
on  the  crest  of  his  coat  of  arms,  to  serve  m  lieu 
of  a  motto  like  this — 

The  valliant  knig;ht,  with  fifteen  thousand  Englishmen, 
To  riattsburjj  slowly  went,  and  then— ran  back  again. 

Bltje-eiuhts  and  RED-EiGHTt;!  It  is  stated  in  the 
New-York  Commercial  Advertiser,  probably  on  the 
authority  of  sir  liobert  Hull,  commissioner  of  the 
British  navy  in  Canada,  tliat  an  American  came  to 
him,  and  offered,  for  200  dollars,  to  destroy  tlie 
wliole  of  our  flotilla  on  Ctiamplain\  The  otter  is 
said  to  have  been  rejected  with  indignation;  but 
"his  majesty's"  commissioner  would  better  have 
.served  the  cause  of  justice  by  seizing  upon  the  mi- 
serable, pitifid  wretch,  so  that  if  punlsluncnt  could 
not  be  inflicted,  his  name  and  ch;a-aci.er  might  at 
least  have  become  known  to  his  countrymen. 

"  Patriotic."  It  is  pompously  announced  in  the 
Boston  papers,  that  "the  Boston  Ilus.-iars,  under  the 
f.onaiiaud  of  captain  Richard  Sullivan,  have  volun- 
teered their  services  as  his  excellency's  escort  on 
commencement  day,  which  have  been  accepted." — 
This  is  twt  the  company  that  volunteered  to  assist  in 
dispossessing  tlie  British  of  a  part  of  Massachusetts, 
during  the  late  war. 


CHRONICLE. 

Treaty  -with  .ll^-iers  ! — We  understand  tliat  de- 
spatchcs;have  been  received  from  commodore  De- 
catur, announcing  the  pleasing  intelligence  of  his 
having,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  concluded 
a  Treatv  cf  Peace  with  ths  Dev  of  Ahriers.     With 


the  conditions  of  the  Treaty,  of  course  ■<-'e  arc 
unacquainted;  but  we  learn,  generally,  that  they 
arc  such  as  Commodore  Decatur  thought  pi-oper  to 
cHctate.  J^Tat.  Int.] 

WAsni5rGT0N,  Sept.  2-    ' 
^'"Py  of  a  letter  from  commodore  Decatu)'  to  the  secret 

tai-y  of  the  navt/,    Creceivedvia  JK'orfulkJ  dated 
United  States  ship  Guerriere. 
Off  GibralUr,  June  15,  1815,  . 

Sir — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  of  our  ar- 
rival off  this  place  on  the  15th,  after  a  passage  of 
25  days,  having  previously  communicated  with 
Cadiz  and  Tangiers.  The  Spitfire,  Torch  and 
Fii-efly,  sep.arated  from  the  squadron  during  a  gale 
of  wind  on  the  26th  ult.  and  the  Ontario  on  the 
31st. 

I  am  happy  to  find  they  have,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Firefly,  all  arrived;  the  latter  vessel,  I 
fear  mav  have  lost  her  spai's,  and  have  returned  to 
the  United  States.  From  all  the  information  I  can 
collect,  I  feel  assured,  that  the  Algcrincs  have  re- 
turned into  the  Mediterranean.  Tlic  vessels  that 
had  separated  from  us,  are  now  joining,  and  I 
shall  proceed  in  search  of  the  enemy  forthwith. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  &;c. 
STEPHEN  DECATUR. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  commodore  Stephen  Decatur^ 

to    the  secretary  of  the  naxnj,   (^received  via   JVor- 

folk,J  dated 

United  States  ship  GaeiTiere, 
Oil'  Cartliagena,  June  19, 1815, 

"I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  on  the 
17th  inst.  off  Cape  de  Gatt,  the  squadron  fell  jn 
with,  and  captured,  an  Algerine  frig-ate  of  46  gims, 
and  between  4  and  500  men,  commanded  by  Rais 
Hammida,  who  bore  the  title  of  admiral;  she 
struck  her  flag  after  a  running  fight  of  2,^  mi- 
nutes. 

"  The  admiral  was  killed  at  the  commencement 
of  the  action.  After  the  Guerriere  (who  from  her 
favorable  position,  was  enabled  to  bring  the  enemy 
to  close  action)  had  fired  two  broadsides,  the  ene- 
m}',  with  the  exception  of  a  few  musketeers,  ran 
below.  The  Guerriere  had  four  men  wounded  by 
musket  shot,  which  is  the  only  injiuy  done  by  the 
enemy  in  this  aflkir. 

"  We  have  406  prisoners  including  the  wound- 
ed.— The  prisoners  state  that  about  thirty  were 
killed  and  thrown  overboard. 

"  Their  squadron  is  said  to  be  cruising  in  our 
vicinity;  five  days  .ago  they  were  off  this  place,  un^ 
less  I  obtain  some  further  intelligence  of  them  by 
to-morrow,  I  shall  proceed  to  the  port  of  Algiers, 
in  the  hopes  to  intercept  their  return. — For  the 
present,  I  have  determined  to  send  the  prize  into- 
Cartliagena." 

Cupy  of  a  h'ttcr  from    Commodore   Decat7ir,    to  the 

Secretarji  of  the  JVavy,  dated 

United  States  ship  Guerriere,  off  Cape  Palos, 

June  20  I8I5. 

S-iR — 1  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  tiiat  on  the 
19th  inst,  ott'  Cape  Palos,  the  squadron  under  my 
c*;mmand,  captured  an  Algerine  brig  of  twenty-two 
guns,  and  one  hundred  and  eighty  men.  After  a 
chase  of  tliree  hours,  she  ran  into  shoal  water, 
where  I  did  not  think  it  advisable  to  follow  witji 
our  large  ships,  but  dispatched  the  Epcrvicr,  Spark, 
Torch  and  Spitfire,  to  whom  she  surrendered  after 
a  short  resistance.  Twenty  three  men  were  found 
dead  on  board.  We  received  from  her  eighty  pri- 
soners, tlie  residue  of  lier  crew  having  left  her  in 
boats.  Many  of  them  must  have  been  killed  by 
tlie  fire  of  our  vessels,  and  one  of  the  boats  vva.s 
sunk.  None  of  our  vessels  sustained  any  damage, 
nor  was  there  a  man  killed  or  wounded.  This 
'  brig    is    larger   than  the   Epervjcr — Wits    Imilt   in 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


31 


-Algiers  five  years  ago,  by  a  Spanish  constructor, 
the  same  who  built  the  frigate  captured  on  the  17th 
inst.  and  is  perfectly  sound. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfuUv,  &,c. 
STEPHEN  DECATUR. 
Hon.  BEXJAinrx  \V.  Crowsingshield, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
Rxtract  of  a  letter  from  a  Lieutenant  of  the   United 

States  frigate  JMacedonian,  on  board  prize  frigate 

Mishoui'i,  to  a  gentleman  in  BostMi,  dated 

Cauthaoena,  July  2,  1815. 

"I  arrived  here  on  tlie  23d  of  June,  in  the  late 
Algerine  brig  of  war  Estebio  of  22  grms  and  about 
200  men,  prize  to  our  squadi'on  under  the  command 
of  commodore  Decatuh. 

"  I  presume,  ere  this,  you  have  heard  of  our  cap- 
turing- an  Algerine  frigate  off  Cape  de  Gatt,  on  the 
17th  June.  The  Misiiouni,  the  prize  frigate,  from 
which  I  addi-ess  you,  is  a  44  gun  sliip,  and  had  a 
complement  of  upwards  of  400  men,  I  tliink  the 
stoutest  I  ever  saw  on  board  of  any  ship.  She  was 
the  flag  vessel,  and  commanded  by  an  admiral, 
who  was  killed  early  in  the  action.  The  contest 
only  lasted  about  8  or  10  minutes.  The  number  of 
her  killed  could  not  be  ascertained,  but  she  was 
literally  cut  to  pieces  in  her  spars  and  rigguig. 
Our  loss  was  trifling,  only  4  killed,  (3  by  a  gmi 
bursting)  and  one  by  a  musket  ball  from  the  ene- 
my,— the  wounded  did  not  e.vceed  10. — I  would  en- 
ter into  a  descriptive  detail  as  repects  the  charac- 
ter and  appearance  of  these  imcouth  looking-  peo- 
ple were  I  not  confident  that  your  knowledge  of 
tliem  extended  mucli  further  than  my  own,  *  and 
therefore  it  would  be  productive  of  neither  inform- 
ation or  amusement  to  you,  yet  I  must  add,  that 
thej'  are  the  most  servile  beings  on  earth." 

^Yumerous  arrivals.  There  arrived  at  Baltimore 
on  Sunday — 2  sliips  from  Bremen,  1  do.  from  Xantz, 
3  do.  from  Liverpool,  1  do.  from  Amsterdam,  1  brig 
from  Bordeaux,  1  do.  from  Lisbon,  1  schooner  from 
from  St.  Jago  de  Cuba,  upwards  of  20  brigs  and 
schooners  from  Halifax,  St.  Andrews,  and  various 
American  ports,  and  between  80  and  100  bay  craf; — 
laden  with  vast  quantities  of  British,  German, 
French  and  Dutch  goods,  &c.  &c. 

It  is  stated  that  Mr.  Gallatin  declines  accepting 
his  appointment  ae  minister  to  France. 

Dmidfiil  gale.  The  British  homeward  bound 
West  India  fleet  of  between  2  and  300  sail,  encoun- 
tered a  dreadful  gale  about  the  8th  of  last  month. 
It  is  supposed  tliat  one  half  of  them  have  lost  tlieu- 
masts  or  foundered!  The  convoy,  the  Warri«r  74, 
with  2,000,000g,  on  board,  it  was'thoiiglit  had  gone 
down!  One  of  tlie  fleet,  a  great  ship,  with  a' full 
cargo  of  sugar,  found  deserted  at  sea,  has  been 
towed  into  Salem,  by  a  vessel  of  that  port.  The 
Warrior  has  since  been  spoken,  dismasted. 

A  British  sliip  from  I^ndon,  witli  25,000  stand  of 
arms,  and  a  great  supply  of  ammunition,  &c.  was 
lately  spoken  on  her  passage  for  and  probably  has 
arrived  at  Carthugena.  The  arms  and  stores  are 
avowedly  for  the  patriots  of  jYe-.a-Granada;  a  de- 
lightful country  in  the  interior,  where  a  republican 
government  has  long  been  fully  established. 

The  frigate  United  States,  commodore  Shaw; 
Alert,  store  ship,  lieutenant  Stewai-t;  and  schooner 
Hornet,  lieutenant  Page,  sailed  on  Saturday  last 
from  Boston  for  the  Mediterranean. 

The  Algerine  admhal  killed  by  Decatur,  it  is  said 

was  a  Scotchman  of  tiie  name  of  Lvle. 

_  Tiie  Java  frigate,   built  at  Baltimore,   appears 

likely  to  prove,  from  the  tri:d  that  has  been  made 

<^r  her,  one  of  the  fastest  ships  that  ever  floated  : 

Tiie  gentleinun  fj  r:k'jin  .'/«■   ht.^r  -.jo-:  aJdr^-s-id 
'nw:  been  in  .i/:r^')-.?. 


and  she  is  certainly  among  the  most  beautiful,  as 
we'd  as  the  stj-ongest  of  her  class. 

Captain  Cole,  of  the  sliip  Savannah,  an-ived  at 
New-York  from  Havre-de-Grace,  is  the  bearer  of 
despatches  from  the  American  consul  to  our  go- 
vernment, and  from  Louis  XMII  to  the  French  min- 
ister resident  in  this  country. 

A  Boston  paper  contradicts  the  English  story  of 
the  arrival,  at  Liverpool,  of  the  brig  Panther,  with 
2,000,000  on  board,  which  produced  the  fall  of  the 
price  of  dollars  from  5s  6d  sterl.  to  4s  8d,  and  says 
that  she  had  only  §300,000  on  board. 

Our  cities  ai-e  all  very  healthy.  Deaths  in  New- 
York  for  the  week  ending  September  2 — 54;  of 
wliom  30  were  under  five  years  old,  and  2  acci- 
dental. 

An  Englishman,  lately  attached  to  some  office  iii 
Canada,  but  more  recently  employed  as  an  agent  at 
Boston  to  receive  and  export  his  majesty's  gold,  has 
disappeared  with  no  small  quantity  of  it.  This  mav 
be  considered  as  an  attempt  to  blunt  the  edge  oV 
lord  Castlereagh's  broad-sword. 

FocETEEXTU  CONGRESS. — The  following  compara- 
tive  statcnient  of  the  strength  of  parlies  in  the  last 
and  present  congress,  is  copied  from  the  A'orfolh 
Herald,  and  we  believe  is  correct.  It  may  be  well 
to  remark,  that  the  most  of  the  elections  took  place 
at  tlie  veiy  time  when  the  war  pressed  the  most  hea- 
vily on  the  people,  and  that  many  republicnu  mem- 
bers were  certain/;/  lost  by  the  abs'encc  of  voters,  vo- 
luntarily under  ai-ms  in  defence  of  their  country. 


Rep. 

Xew  Hampshire  ...  0 
Massachusetts  ....     5 

Rhode  Island 0 

Vermont 6 

Connecticut     0 

New-York     10 

New- Jersey     3 

Penns}'Ivania 21 

Delaware   .......     0 

-Marylaiid 6 

^"irginia 16 

Nortii  Carolina ....  9 
South  Caroluia  ....  8 
Georrfa 6 


l~ith  Congresi'. 


Kentucky 10 

Tennessee 6 

Oliio  .  .  • 6 

Louisianna 1 


113 


Fed. 

6 

16 

2 

0 

t 

17 

.-» 
o 

2 
2 

O 

7 

4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

69 


1-ith  Comrresa. 


Rep. 
U 

O 

0 
0 
0 

20 
6 

18 
0 
4 

IS 

10 
7 
6 

10 
6 
0 
1 

116 


l*'ed. 

6 

17 

2 

6 
7 

7* 
0 
5'' 
2 

5 
5 

i 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

66 


Republican  majority  in  the  13th  congres^»  4-^ 

tlo.  do.  14th       ilo.  50 

Net  republican  gain  6 " 

Note. — In  New- York  Uie  election  of  two  of  the 
federal  members  is  contested  ;  admit  tliat  only  will 
be  lefi  out.  In  Pennsylvania  one  of  tiie  fedcriii  mem- 
bers has  died  since  his  election  ;  we  may  safel}'  nut 
his  successor  down  repubtican.  Tnus,  the  presumed 
republican  gain  is  lU. 

Splendid  wouk.  Humboldt  mv\  Bonplant's  work 
on  Suuth  America,  has  been  received  at  the  Balti- 
more Library.  It  makes  several  fblio  volumes,  most 
beautifully  printed  and  superbly  ornamented  witli 
maps  and  plates,  colored  in  the  highest  style.  It 
was  published  at  Pai-is,  and  v.ill  cost  nearly  1,000 
doii.a-s! 

Guaduhiipe  did  not  surrender  at  discretion  and 
non-rciisting.  The  i-'rench  force  con.sisted  of  about 
7oO  troops  of  tiic  line  and  the  militia  of  the  island; 
the  British  of  6000  regular  troops.  The  latter  pro- 
ceeded to  the  V.  jst  end  cf  the  i.sluud,  near  Bass.i 


NILES'  WEEKLY  RliGlSTER-SATURDAt,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1815. 


tciTe,  the  heig-Iits  of  which  they  curr.ed  by  stor  r. 
through  superior  n\iTnhers,  after  ^-eat  Loss!  The 
64th  British  regiment  was  nearly  destroyed.  Polnt- 
Pctre  vet  licld  out  on  the  10th  of  August,  but  has 
been  pressed  into  submission  by  the  weight  of 
the  British. 

Further.  By  an  arrival  at  T5alt.i;nore,  on  Thurs- 
day last  from  Guadaloupe  M-e  liave  the  f;>llow- 
liig  intelligence:  On  getting  possession  of  the  isl- 
and, the  British  seized  12  or  14  American  vessels, 
which  they  were  pleased  to  suspect  of  nuving  French 
property  on  l)oard — and  ordered  off  several  otiiers, 
without  cargoes.  Tiiey  captui-ed  the  schooner  Ex- 
press, of  Baltimore,  without  deigning  to  assign 
any  reason,  and  kept  her  captain  on  board  as  a  pri- 
soner! Hereafter,  it  is  the  will  of  the  British  that 
we  shall  not  trade  to  Guadaloupc!     Jfcrehi  isamiti// 

British  dt'sertcrs.  Desertions  are  frequent  from 
the  British  army  on  t!ie  frontier.  Seven  of  their 
soldiers  arrived  here  yesterday  morning.  They 
.state  that  16  started,  hut  were  discovered  and  fired 
upon  after  leaving  the  Canada  shore,  when  four  of 
the  number  were  killed,  and  the  remainkig  five  ta- 
ken.  Buffalo  Journal. 

The  80  gun  ship,  belonging  to  Spain,  which  late- 
ly blew  up  before  the  Island  of  Marguerita,  off  the 
Spanish  Maine,  had  1,000  soldiers  on  board  and  a 
great  quantity  of  specie,  for  the  ])urpose  of  paying 
off  the  Spanish  troops  in  that  quarter.  Every  thing 
was  lost,  and  every  soul  perislied — the  catastrophe 
Lad  a  very  sensible  eifcct  at  Cadia,  when  the  news 
reached  that  city.  OjThis  ship  belonged  to  tlic 
"legitimate"  king  of  Spain;  just  before  her  annihi- 
lation, tlie  officers  and  men  on  board  of  her  had 
"delivered"  nearly  all  the  people  of  -Margueiita  of 
their  lives — having  "legitimately"  murdered  many 
of  the  womeri  and  children  of  that  island.  God  is 
just. 

CeTLON  A?s-D  the  "LErrlTIMATES." 

The  kingdom  of  C.-ylon  is  prob:;b!y  more  "vene- 
rable" for  its  ancient  histitution  tlian  any  in  Europe. 
It  is  a  delightful  island  in  tlie  East  Indies,  esteem- 
ed Ijy  its  people  as  the  "tcrrcstial  paradise;"  popu- 
lous and  wealthy.  It  produces  an  abundance  of  most 
things  desired,  and  is  250  iiiiles  long  and  200  broad 
— its  inhabitants  prided  themselves  on  maintaining 
their  ancient  laM's  and  customs.  The  "legitimate" 
king  of  Portugal  first  attempted  to  put  down  the 
L'g-itimate  king  of  Ceylon,  and  he  invited  the  "legiti- 
mate" Dutch  to  drive  tlicm  off.  They,  having  got 
a  foot-hold,  maintiuned  a  "legitimate"  possession, 
in  spite  of  all  the  effort  of  t!ie  Ccylonese  "patriots" 
and  their  ^^^/7ima.'(;  princes,  until  the  dearly  liber- 
ty-loving English  beat  the  Dutch,  and  assumed  "le- 
gitimate" possession  of  the  gi-ealer  part  of  the  isl- 
and. Since  then,  it  seems  by  the  article  below,  that 
ihey  havr-  even  laid  imholy  hands  upon  tlie  crown 
and  throne  of  the  ancient  and  venerable  Irgitimate 
king  of  Ceiilon.'  Wliat  a  rascal  Bcnaparte  was  for 
doing  less  than  tiiis  in  Spain.  But  Bonaparte  being 
hims'elf  "//-legitimate,"  had  not,  perhaps,  as  rnuch 
right  to  do  a  villainy  as  the  royal  house  of  the 
Gndphs.  This  makes  a  gi-cat  diilercnce  in  every 
thing!  His  "confederation  of  the  Rhine,"  for  in- 
stance, was  abominable — but  a  confederation  organ- 
ized at  Vienna,  in  its  most  essential  principles    like 

his,  is angelic.     O  foul  and  abominable  hypocri 

sy — it  is  "rank,  and  smells  to  heaven!" 

A  vessel  recently  arrived  at  an  eastern  port 
.spoke,  July  27,  the  British  frigate  Niger,  from  the 
East  Indies,  7  weeks,  bound  to  England,  informed 
that  he  had  on  board  the  crown  and  throne  of  tlie 
king  of  Ceylon,  which  pUce  was  in  possession  of 
khe  Critishj  hr.ving.  been  captured   after   a   hard 


f^JUght  action,  in  whicli  the  British  lost  two  genc^.- 
ral  officers  and  a  number  of  men, — the  crown  and 
!  tinone  were  valued  at  eight  millions, — they  had 
likewi.se  on  board  a  great  numljer  of  wild  beasts, — 
he  said  tliat  American  privateers  had  been  very  nu- 
merous m  tlie  East  Indies. 

An  Aliigator,  measiri'ing  three  and  an  half  feet, 
Was  shot  in  a  sv/amp  about  tiiree  quarters  of  a  mile 
from  Brushwick  ferry,  (I,.  I.)  on  Saturday  afiemoon 
hist,  by  Mr.  J.  T.  i^rownwere.  While  in  tiie  act  of 
levfllhig  his  piece  at  a  liock  of  snipes,  he  discover- 
ed tlie  allig\ttor  within  a  fevf  yards  of  the  spot  where 
he  stood,  making  towards  him  ;  when  he  instantly 
lodged  the  contents  of  the  piece  in  its  throat  and 
killed  it. 

Frost.  There  was  so  severe  a  frost  at  Quebec 
the  7th  of  August  last,  as  to  destroy  the  leaves  of 
cucumber  plants,  pumpkhis,  beans,  S;c.  It  did  u. 
g-reat  deal  of  damage. 

The  Frankliu. — From  a  Philadelphia  paper. — It 
has  been  objected  to  the  construction  of  tlie. na- 
tional  ship  Independence  of  74  guns,  built  at  Boh- 
ton,  that  her  lower  deck  ports  were  not  sufficiently 
high  from  the  water;  and  as  the  Franklin  of  74  guns 
built  by  Messrs.  S.  Humjihreys  and  C.  Penrose  of 
this  city,  and  laimclied  from  the  navy-yard,  was 
supposed  to  be  on  the  same  model,  apprehensions 
of  a  similar  defect  in  that  ship  have  been  enter- 
tained. These  appreiiensions  are  relieved  by  the 
subjoined  comparison  between  the  Independence 
and  the  Franklin.  ~ 

Tiie  Independence,  when  laimched,  1 
drew  aft,  3 

Franklin,  do.  do. 

Independence,    do.  forward, 

Fi-anklin,  do.  do. 

Independence,  fifth  port  froni  aft     ~i 
above  water  3 

Franklin  do.  do. 

Independence,  fourtli  port  from  for-  > 
ward  3 

Franklin,  do.  do. 

TJte  Independence  had  on  board,  v.-hen  launched, 
tliirtv-five  tons  ballast,  wiiich  could  not  liave  set- 
tled her  more  than  two  inches.  Her  bow.spi-it  was' 
not  in. 

The  Fr.uiklin  had  no  ballast  on  board,  but  her 
bowsprit  v.aSjin. 

soxxA.MBu LATiox;  y/f;«?.  the  j\\  Y.  Columbian. — On 
Monday  niglit,  a  gentleman,  v,  ho  lodged  hi  a  board- 
ing-house in  Pearl-street,  arose  in  his  sleep,  leap- 
edjfrom  the  third-story  v.-indov.-,  and  walked  some 
distance,  witliout  wnking — until  he  was  aroused 
tVom.  his  unconsious  state  by  a  watchman.  What 
is  wonderful,  he  is  not  sens'!)le  of  liaving  sustained 
tlie  least  injury  in  tlie  dangerous  descent.  Last 
night,  at  the  same  liour  precisely,  he  made  an  at- 
tempt to  repeat  the  leap,  but  was  prevented  by  his 
feilow-lodgcrs,  just  as  he  had  raised  the  sash  for 
the  purpose.  Of  tlie  authenticity  of  this  statement 
tliere  is  or  can  be  no  doubt. 

Married,  recently — at  Knoxvillc,  Tenn.  major- 
general  K.  P.  Glumes  to  Miss  Blount. 

Died,  August  17,  ."it  Providence,  It.  I.  general  Wil- 
liam Allen,  fatlier  of  the  late  captain  Allen,  of  the 
(J.  S.  navy,  aged  (54. 

Also,  at  Jliirtford,  on  the  21st,  suddenly,  Chaun- 
ceij  Goodrich,  esq.  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state 
of  Connecticut. 

Also,  on  the  30th  Jidy,  in  Woodland  county,  Ky. 
captain  Francis  Peart.  Having  no  children,  he  left 
his  estate,  valued  at  between  60  and  100,000  dol- 
lars, for  the  establishment  ot  a  free  school,  to  bear 
liis  nam.u 


Feet. 

Inch 

19 

0 

17 

2 

M. 

6 

13 

6 

10 

Qi 

11 

H 

12 

0 

13 

4 

NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTEIi. 


No.  3  ^r-  Vol.  IX.]         BALTLMOUE,  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMCER  16,   1815.         [whols  no.  211. 


Hac  olirn  meminissi^  jin'abit. — ViafJii.. 


PRIXTSD  ASD  PUBLISUED   BV  H.  NILES,    NO.   29,  SOCTa  CAI. VEUT-STHEET,  AT   §5  I'ER  ANNOH. 


The  title  page  and  index  for  the  last  volnme  will 
be  presented  next  week;  and  the  supplement  for 
tliat  volume  will  be  finished  by  Tuesday  next,  and 
fbi-\rarded  as  ordered. 


The  analytical  review  of  a  pamphlet  that  has  re- 
cently appeared  in  EiighinJ,  entitled,  "Secret  Jit'- 
moirs"  of  the  Cochrane'!},  he.  which  is  commenced 
in  the  present  number,  will  not  fail  to  interest  our 
readers.  The  very  respectable  g-entleman  who  com- 
municated the  article  will  be  pleased  to  accept  our 
thanks. 


We  have  a  much  more  particular  account  of  the 
proceeding's  of  the  cong'ress  of  Vienna 'than  that 
■published  in  our  last,  w'lich  shall  be  inserted.  The 
editor  has  tlie  pleasure  to  state,  that  he  has  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  an  enlightened  friend  at  a  dis- 
tance from  B;i.ltimore,  wlio  undertook  to  prejiare  a 
sett  of  what  may  be  called  war  tables,  in  which  the 
time,  place  and  manner  of  every  bcttle  that  took 
place  in  the  late  war,  v/liether  on  land  or  water,  is 
proposed  to  be  stated;  with  a  list  of  all  the  forces 
eng-.ig'cd  and  an  account  of  the  killed  and  wounded, 
on  both  sides,  as  fur  as  they  can  be  ascertained,  to 
be  accompaviied  by  references,  to  the  avkekly  he- 
oisTEn  for  offici.d  accounts  and  details.  The  task 
is  one  of  great  labor,  but  the  g-entleman  says  he  ex- 
pects soon  to  complete  it.  It  is  not  easy  to  estimate 
Uie  value  that  oug-ht  to  be  placed  on  such  things. 

These  tables  will  not  interfere  with  another  sett 
that  the  editor  is  Jiimself  preparing  to  shew  the 
general  ciTcct  of  tlie  war  on  the  ocean. 


.5^  tfi'i  Pn-sident  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
A  I'ROCLAMATiox.  Whereas,  information  has  been 
ceceivcd,  that  sundry  persons,  ci'uzens  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  or  residents  witliiji  the  same,  and  espe- 
cially within  the  state  of  L-ouisian.i,  are  conspiring 
togetiie.'-,  to  begin  and  set  on  foot,  provide  ;md  pre- 
pare, the  means  for  a  militaiy  expediiion  or  enter- 
prize  against  tiie  dominions  of  Sp;iin,  with  which  the 
United  States  are  happily  at  peace;  that  for  this 
purpose  they  are  collecting  ai-ms,  military  stor«s, 
provisions,  vessels  and  other  means;  :u-e  deceiving 
and  seducing  honest  and  well-meaning  citizens  to 
*aigage  in  their  unlawful  enterprizes;  are  organ- 
ising, ofHcering  and  arming  themselves  for  the 
Same,  contrary  to  tiie  laws  in  such  cases  made  and 
provided:  I  have  thereftn-e  thought  fit  to  issue  tiiis 
my  proclamation,  warning  and  enjoining  all  fiiithful 
eitizens  who  have  been  led,  without  due  knowledge 
or  consideration,  to  participate  in  the  said  unlawful 
enterprizes,  to  u-itjidraw  from  the  same  witliout  de- 
lay; and  commanding  all  persons  whatsoever,    en- 

igaged  or  concerned  in  the  same,  to  cease  all  fur- 
tlier  proceedings  therein,  as  tliey  will  ari;i,v-er  tlie 
Contr:u-y  at  then-  peril.  And  I  hereby  enjjin  and  re- 
quire, all  olHcers,  civil  and  n-ulitirv,  of  the  United 
States,  or  any  of  tue  states  or  territories,  all  judges, 

.justices,  and  other  officers  of  the  peace,  all  milita- 
ry ohicers  of  the  army  or  navy  of  tiie  United  States, 
and  oihcers  of  the  militia,  to  be  vigilant,  e^ch  wiih- 
U»  his  respective  department,  and  .iccordi.ig  to  his 
junctions,  m  searching  o^it  and  hrins-injr  to  p-mi-ih- 


nient,  all  persons  engaged  or  concerned  in  suc"  en- 
terprizes, in  seizing  and  detaining,  siib|ect  to  the 
disposition  of  the  law,  all  arms,  military  store3, 
vessels,  or  other  nreans  provided  or  providing  for 
the  same;  and,  in  general,  in  preventing  the  carrj-- 
ing-  on  such  expedition  or  enterprize,  by  all  the 
lawful  means  within  theu-  power:  And  1  require  all 
good  and  faithful  citizens  and  others,  witliin  the 
United  States,  to  be  aiding  and  assisting  herein; 
and  especially  in  the  discover}-,  apprehension  and 
bringing  to  justice,  of  all  such  oilenders;  in  pre- 
ventmg  the  execution  of  their  vinlav.^ful  combina- 
tions and  designs,  and  in  giving  information  against 
them  to  the  proper  av.thorities. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  caused  the  seal 
of  the  United  States  of  America  to  be  af- 
fisfed  to  these  presents,  and  signed  the 
§'^^§  same  with  my  hand.  Done  at  the  city  of 
§i'..!^.>  Washington,  the  first  d.iy  of  September,  in 
the  yeai-  of  our  Lord  one  tliousand  eight 
hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  tlie  indepen- 
dence of  th'.'  said  United  States  of  Ameri- 
ca the  fortieth. 

JAMES  MADISOX. 
By  tlie  president, 

JA.MES  MONROE,  secrctanj  of  stats. 


OC^j^^The  preceding  proclamation  probably  original- 
ted  in  observing  the  following  address,  published  i:i 
the  newspapers: 

'^^'eTO  Orleans. 

"Sir-r-TJie  Hivorable  moment  has  at  lengtii  arriv- 
ed for  making  a  successful  attempt  in  favor  of  the 
patriots  of  New  Spain.  Tlie  enterprize  offers  an  easy 
road  to  distinction,  and  promises  a  glorious  reward 
for  merit.  The  place  of  rendezvous  is  Belle  Jslt; 
near  the  mouth  of  CaJfaHa.  About  500  chosen  men, 
amongst  whom  are  some  late  commissioned  officeia 
of  the  United  Stales'  army,  w'lW  accompany  me  from 
tliat  place  to  Matag-ordii,  where  we  land;  tlience  tii 
Labaiiia,  i»  tliirty  five  mi*e;;.  At  Labahia,  on  tlic 
river  San  Antonio,  about  forty  miles  from  the  sea 
coast,  and  eiglity  miles  from  S:in  Antonio,  I  v.'iil 
wait  for  reinforcements  from  Nacthitoches,  &c.  La- 
bdiia  will  fdl  an  easy  sacrifice!  it  is  badly  defendedj 
and  its  weakness  is  v-'ell  known. 

''Sabalu,  the  proscribed  patriot,  a  native  of  ths 
province  of  Yaca'.an,  and  delegate  from  ijience  to  the 
Cortea  of  Sfiain,  accompanies  me.  AVe  have  arms 
and  ammufliiion;  1000  men  already  engaged,  and  can 
calcuiaie  largely  on  aid  from  Tennessee  and  Ken- 
tucky. The  coimtry  hrough  wiuch  we  pass,  and 
of  seat  our  operations,  abounds  in  cattle  and  sheep, 
-md  notliing  will  be  wanting  to  insure  complete 
success.  6\u-  cause  embraces  the  best  interest  of 
humani-cy — tlie  general  enlargement  of  an  oppressed 
people,  and  all  the  blessings  attendant  upon  unrc- 
strained  commerce  and  industiy,  tliis  too,  accompa- 
nied by  a  prospect  of  incxicul.able  advantage  to  the' 
United  States. 

"ilENRY  PERRY.'* 

The  moment   this  address   from  ^iv.  Pei-ry  ap.' 

peared,    one  hundred    pens    were  dipped  into  "le. 

gitimate"  gall  to  assail  tnc  executive  of  the  Unitetl 

States  iov' encouraging  "a  band  of  desperadoes"  i!i_ 

x.\   attempt  ta  ovcrtttra  ftie  "''3cn5<i"  arrtionty  ojT 


34     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  15,  181i. 


the  fool  of  Sljalii  over  the  rich  provinces  of  .vfexico;  structed  on  tlie  plan  of  the  [old]  Pantheon  atHomet 
but  tJicy  were  hiu-dly  drawii  forth,  and  had  not  yet  The  front  faces  on  the  "\Vashin,^ton  road,  coinmand- 
rerched  the  paper,  before  the  pioclamation  mctiingan  extenii\e  prospect  down  the  Patapsco  and 
them,  and  spoiled,  utterly  spoiled  and  lost  forever,  i  Ciies.ipeake.  Tiie  ijrandeur  of  the  exterior  of  the 
all  the  hiie  tilings  that  might  been  said  about  the  j  building  does  not  excel  the  internal  convenience  of 
divine  right  of  kings,  £cc.  the  apai-tments.     The   anatomical  theatre  with  its 

There  is  no  man  of  sense  in  the  United  States,  |  necessaiy  appendages,  are  as  extensive  and  appro- 
that  is  really  att:;c]ied  to  a  fl-ee  government,  or  who  \  priate  as  those  of  ;<ny  of  the  European  schools.  The 
looks  at  the  interest  of  his  country  in  a  comnieiciall  lecturing- room  alone"  is  capable  of  containing  twelve 
or  polilicai  pohit  of  view,  that  does  not  sigli  for  the  i  hundi-ed  persons  with  convenience.  The  Chemical 
independence  of  Mexico;  and  exult  in  the  hope  Hall,  immediately  below,  is  but  Utile  inferior;  it  will 
tliat  that  fine  country  may,  in  the  possession  of  a  accommodate  about  a  thousand,  a  part  of  its  area 
liberal  government,  attain  that  high  rank  in  the  being  taken  off  by  the  laboratory  and  necessary  ap- 
world  to  which  its  vast  resources  and  peculiar  ad-  pai-atus.  The  app.u'atus  is  complete,  accommodated 
vantages  entitle  it.  Such  ai-e,  no  doubt,  the  wishes  to  the  taste  and  views  of  the  learned  and  eloquent 
of  every  member  of  the  executive  of  the  United  j  professor.  Hitherto  the  professors  of  the  Theory 
Slates,  ni  their  individual  capacities;  but  in  their]  and  Pr..c;ice,  Institutes  of  Physic,  Surgerv,  Materia 
public  character  they  Jiave  made  liaste  to  shew  that  I  Medica  and    Obstetrics,   have    been  compelled   to 


rigid  impanialiiyioid  just  spirit  of  neucrality  wliich 
has  ever    distinguished    ouv  gox'iinunent.     Motwitii- 


standing  the  high  precedent  established  by  tlie  "il-  derived  from  an  alteration  in  the  library  in  the  front 


luslriuus  congi-ess  of  A'ienn;;.,"  we  yet  believe  that 
no  nation  has  a  right  to  interfere  with  tlic  internal 
goveinmentof  anouier  people,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped 
v/e  snail  always  act  up  to  it.  ]i\\t  individuals  mny  do 
as  they  please,  in  respect  to  this  matter.  And  for 
doing-  this,  they  can  produce  tlie  very  highest  "le- 
gitimate" autn&rity.  England,  every  body  knows, 
IS  not  only  the  standard  of  the  "law  and  the  gos- 
pel," but  also  the  dear,  very  dear  ally  of  Spain — yet 
Sliips  fiom  England,  for  several  years  past,  have 
publicly  cieareaout  for  ports  of  the  revolted  Span- 
ish provinces  in  America,  laden  witii  arms  and  mili- 
tai-y  sioies.  It  was  oniy  last  wtek  we  noticed  the 
iVTiVal  at  Cai-tiiagena  of  a  British  siiip  fiom  London, 
With  2o,L'JkJ  stand  of  arms  for  the  patriots  of  jVe^u 
Giwiadu. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  and  we  make  the  obser- 
vation to  .shew  the  servility  of  our  Englisii  jacobins, 
who  take  upon  tiiemselves  a  cliai-acter  as  if  ail  the 
reii^'ioii  and  Uutrty  of  tiie  world  depended  upon 
tl.cin!!!  thai,  wiuie  tliey  eagerly  seize  the  pen  to 
vupiibondize  a  repubiic.-,n  American  who  takes  anv 
part  in  assisting  tlie  p.tu-iots  of  Jdexico,  they  are  as 
mute  as  lisiies  if  k  royal  Englishman  does  the  same 
tlihig-.  Bill  this  is  easih- accounted  for — if  England 
says,  white  is  black — wiiy,  it  is  biacK  :  fur  Eng-land 
cannot  do  wrong. 


occ-apy  the  anatomical  theatre  as  a  lecturing  room; 
but  they  are  now  accommodated  with  a  new  room 


University  of"  Maryland. 

TO    THE    EDITOR    OF    THE    WEEKLY    HEGI.STEH. 

Slii, — As  I  presume  your  miscellany  is  more  ge- 
nerally diftused  than  any  work  of  its  kind  in  our 
country,  permit  me  to  occujjy  a  ]iage,  with  a  view 
of  making  known  an  institution  w-liose  infancy  bocirs 
no  comparison  with  its  extensive  claim  to  public 
patronag-e. 

Among  the  numerous  improvements  that  do  Iionor 


of  the  building.  l"he  improvement,  sug-gested  and 
completed  since  the  last  session,  adds  greatly  to 
the  comfort  of  the  classes,  as  it  is  sufficiently  large 
and  is  easily  warmed.  The  library,  though  not  the 
most  extensive  of  the  kind,  is  competent  to  most  of 
the  useful  purposes  of  tjie  medic.a  pupil.  While  it 
contains  many  of  the  most  useful  works,  it  presents 
the  cm-ious  enquirer  with  some  of  lhei-..rest  of  both 
ancient  and  modern  times:  a  few  of  which  (I  be- 
lieve) are  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  collection  in 
oin-  country. 

The  situation  of  Kaltimore  near  the  centre  of  the 
luiion,  and  its  convenience  to  ti'ie  wes'iern  country, 
as  well  as  its  easy  access  by  water,  designate  it  as 
the  most  eligible  spot  for  the  esiablishment  of  a 
great  emporiiun  of  science. 

But  it  will  be  asked,  what  will  all  these  arrange- 
ments and  advantages  accomplish,  unless  the  chairs 
be  hlled  with  corn'spondiiig  talents-  To  this  most 
material  consideration  we  invite  the  attention  of  all 
v.'lio  claim  an  interest  in  the  general  diitusion  of 
medical  science.  This  institution,  which  promises 
to  rank  v.ith  the  most  eminent,  originated  in  the 
zeal  and  conscious  worth  of  a  few  individuals  whom 
chance  had  cast  together,  kindred  spirits  whose 
sjmpathetic  feelings  produced  an  electric  attraction 
wiiicii  the  laws  of  narure  render  irresistible.  It  is 
from  SUCH  accidental  coincideacies  that  such  insti- 
tutions always  arise;  they  cannot  be  forced  by  thfr 
strong  ai-m  of  power,  nor  even  tlie  delusive  inccnta- 
tion  of  money.  Genius  may  be  repressed  for  a  time 
by  the  want  of  pecuni>u-y  assistance,  but  it  will  finallj 
ti-iiunph  over  the  most  imposing  obstacles.  For  two 
years,  the  piesent  incumbent  of  tiie  anatomical  chair 
lectured  alone  to  a  private  class,  and  on  ti.e  third 
winter  the  professor  ol  tlie  theory  and  practice  se- 
conded his  ehbrts  by  delivering  a  coiu-se  to  the 
s.udents  of  medicine  residing  in  the  city.  The 
otiier  component  parts  of  the  present  Medical  Fa- 
culty  of  the  University  immediately  fell  into    the 


to  tiie  public  spirit  of  yoiu- tiourisliing  city,  tliere  is 

none  better  calculated  to  extend  its  reputation  than 

the  Univfivsiti/  of  Maryland.     The  establishment  of  [views  of  the  two  first,  and  were  soon  constituted  a. 

tills  scnihiary  would  seem  to  form  anexctpuontoa   body  corporate  by  a  law  of  the  state.     Since  this 

general  principle,  that  commercial   states  are    un-  period,  so  auspicious  to  the  ins'litution,  the  degree 


friendly  to  the  cultivation  of  the  sciences.  1  speak 
only  of  tlie  JMedical  JJcpavtmentu  of  the  new  school, 
as  I  have  h:ul  no  opportunity  of  becoming  acquainted 
M"ith  the  professors  of  the  iu-ts  and  sciences,  some 
of  wJiose  chairs  (I  believe)  are  not  yet  organized. 
Wiiether  we  consider  this  subject  in  an  ornamental 
or  useful  light,  it  becomes  a  subject  of  interest. — 
The  splendid  edifice  which  constitutes  the  Medical 
College,  as  the  centre  from  wiiicnthe  other  depart- 
ments are  to  diverge,  stands  on  Lombard-SLreet 
't'i;t@n'4ed,  ia  the  weatern  ead  of  tUe  tity.  It  m  c*n- 


of  Doctor  of  Pii}sic  has  Ijetn  annually  conferred 
upon  a  number  of  }'oimg  gentlemen,  as  distinguished 
for  theu-  acquirements  as  their  numbers  were  un- 
expected. The  number  of  pupils  has  nearly  doubled 
every  yeai*,  and  seems  to  increase  in  the  ratio  of  die 
numbers  who  have  it  hi  their  power  to  compai-cthe 
merits  of  tlie  University  with  those  of  odier  institu- 
tions. Ills  to  be  admitted,  tliat  the  professors  in  tlie 
new  school  liave  dissented  in  m.iny  important  doc- 
trhies  from  the  opinions  taught  in  other  schools, 
bwt  VitV  teji^tg  ;ye  candidly  stated,  ably  defende^, 


NILES'  Weekly  RE6fSTJEa— Cincinnat*/. 


nd  eloquently  enforced.  I  have  listened  with  de- 
lig-ht  to  most  of  the  public  lecturers  both  iu  Europe 
and  America,  and  can  declare  with  truth  that  I 
have  witnessed  as  much  real  science,  and  as  elo- 
quently displayed  as  iti  the  best  of  tlie  ancient 
sciiools.  Does'  it  not  become  every  descripiion  of 
citizens  to  clierisli  and  support  such  an  institution^ 
one  whicli  is  so  admirably  calculated  to  serve  the 
best  interests  of  ]uun;uiity?  What  hum;ui  pursuit 
can  be  prosecuted  wiliiout  health?  Neither  life,  li- 
berty nor  pi-operiy  can  be  enjojed  without  it.  By 
what  criterion,  but  the  laws  of  such  an  institution, 
can  the  mass  of  mankind  decide  on  the  merits  of 
the  candidates  for  public  favor  ?  By  wliat  other 
power  can  tl;e  people  be  protected  ag-;dnst  the  arts 
and  proflig-acy  of  empyricism?  If  my  time  and  the 
apprehension  of  encroaching-  upon  your  jotirnal 
"would  permit,  I  could  descend  to  some  minutia;  v/hicn 
■would  place  this  subject  in  a  more  conspicuous  lig'it; 
iut  1  believe  the  attention  of  physicians  concerned 
in    '■        ■ 


S5 


directing 
Uniied 


a  medical  education  throu.srhout  the 


States,  is  sufficiently  awakened,  and  1  will 
tiierefore  only  state  the  names  of  the  respective  pro- 
fessors and  the  time  at  which  the  courses  commence. 

Anatomy. — By  John  13.  David^x-,  W.  D. 

Tlieory  and  Practice  of  Medicine — J^'athank'. 
J-'otter,  M.  n. 

Chemistry — F:ikha  Be  Units,  M.  D. 

M.  Medica— .S'cm'/  Jiaker,  M.  D. 

Surgery — JVilliaiu  Gidson,  M.  1). 

Institutes— -./i/;<.r7t>(^/(!  .WJJotue!/,  M.  D. 

Obstetrics— >^/c/iani!  IV.  hall,  M.  D. 

Tlie  Medical  Courses  commence  amiually  on  tlie 
last  Monday  of  October.  MATOR. 


that  theij  mig-ht  get  offon  those  ienns.  Tliey  have  learnt 
by  this  arrival,  I  believe,  that  more  is  necc'53.a-v, 
and  they  must  do  if.  It  will  be  a  bitter  pill  for  mV, 
Madison  to  acknowledg-e  tlie  British  Rkjht  nv  l-,,. 
pnBssHEXT,  and  their  doctrine  of  perpetual  alle- 
glance;  BUT  HE  MUST  SWALLOW  IT.  lie  will 
sf/uciJ  [squall]  and  tick,  and  jnaL-e  -wry  fac^n,  BUT 
DOWN  IT  MUST  GO.  The  thins-  IS  RiGHV  LA'' 
ITSELF,  and  though  disgracefiil  to  ftini,  not  in  the 
letisi  dishonoi'able  to  tlie  nation!  The  British  doctrind 
on  the  subject  of  impressment  and  allcg'i.aice  is 
CLEAR  und  UNDF.Ni  VP.LR,  norwonld  it'ever  have 
been  denied  by  our  goi-ernment  had  they  7iot  been  seeking 
a  pretext  fjr  ipmrrei  'U'ith  Great  Britain.  Tj  com/)^! 
them  noii)  to  "eat  their  -words,"  is  an  act  of  nv.caniV-> 
TivE  JUSTICE  at  warcu  ALL  MEN  OF  SE/NSI3 
AND  IlOXOn  MUST  KEJOICE. 
"I  am.  My  Dear  Sb, 
"Very  truly 

Your  friend  &.  servt. 

ROB:  Gi  n.\RrEli. 
Buer,  Esn.'* 


Ge 


"Picture  of  Cincinnati. 


j> 


Mr.  Harper's  Letter. 

The  follov,-ing  has  recently  been  published  in  tiie 
Baltimore  papers,  and  has  exciied  an  uncommon 
sensation.  Vv'e  give  it  for  reference  without  re- 
tttark,  except  to  say  that  its  auuicn<jcity  is  not 
questioned.  It  is  copied  from  the  "Baltimore  Pa- 
triot." 

"BaUimore,   October  lOlh,  1814. 
"1  congi-attdate  you,  most  sincerely,  my  dear  sir, 

•on  tiie  good  news  contained  in  your  letter,  which  is 

still  more  gl-atir'vmg  from  the  knowledge  that  we 

liave  done  so  well  m  the  other  counties.     You  will 

have  seen  the  returns  from  them  before  this  rciichcs  1  to  the  whitesmith.     Several  shops 


you.  We  have  two-thirds  of  tiie  house  of  delegates, 
and  a  majority  of  more  than  tweni)'  on  joint  ballot. 
Laus  JJeo. 

"The  object  of  our  commissionei-s,  in  sending 
home  the  Adam;,  I  have  no  doubt  is  to  obtain  new 
histruciions.  IVum  the  regent's  proclamation,  re- 
oaiiiiig  Briusli  stibjects,  his  speecii  to  parliament, 
and  the  address  of  tiic  house  of  commons  to  liiiii, 
I  think  it  clear  that  ilie  Biitisii  government  have 
taken  their  stand  on  this  g-iomid;  thai,  as  we  began 
the  -zoar  to  drive  them  from  tlieir  doctrine  of  perpetual 
vllegiance,  and  their  jtilGHT  of  impressment,  they 
tnuit  have  tliose  points  settled  before  they  lay  down 
tiieir  ai-ms,  and  uiil  not  be  coment  with  our  merely 
^valVlng  our  CLAI.MS.  To  this  ertecc  1  presume 
flieir  cjminissioners  were  instructed.  Ours  liad  no 
Jnsiructions  to  do  more  tiitm  waive  those  ci^iims. — 
JOven  10  tnat  encent  ours  were  not  authorised  to  go, 
to  Ltiii]  our  goveritmcnt  wa.s  informed,  by  the  ar- 
vival  oi"  tiie  Trench  frigate  "Olivier,"  of  the  de- 
i'hronemeiu  of  Bonaparte.  Till  then,  they  had  no  in- 
teniivn  to  make  'peace,  but  t.'u-n  the)-  saw  tiiat  the 
Sjame  was  over,  and  iiccording.'y  by  tlie  returii  oi" 
tiuit  vessel  sent  instructions  to  the  commi.-.sioners  to 
wrfjvf"  tj»<?  wJTol':  cl;'.r,pi  a»CM-tt  I'npres.^snei!'-,  in  ko'tes 


We  are  indebted  to  the  poliieness  of  a  ft  lend  fcir  i*, 
sheet  of  a  hew  work  now  in  the  press,  entitleii 
".2  picture  of  Cincinnati."  The  foUewing  extracva 
will  interest  otir  re.aders. 

"JllanufuciJires — As  this  town  is  older  than  t]i^ 
surrounding  countiy,  it  has  at  no  thne  had  a  S!ir= 
plus  of  laboring  po]5ulation  or  of  capil:'.!.  'i'he  for- 
mer have  trcen  required  to  assist  in  clearing  muX 
improving  tlie  wilderness;  the  latter  has  been  i!^' 
vested  in  lands,  which  from  tiicir  low  price  and 
certain  rise,  have  held  out  to  capitallats  a  powerful 
inducement.  The  conditions  which  are  said  to  coii- 
stitute  the  basis  of  manuUiCturing  egtabli:-;hnients4 
have  not,  therefore,  existed  in  the  same  dcg-iee  hj 
if  the  town  had  been  younger  than  the  adjoining 
country.  Notwitlistandmg  this,  honie  progress  has 
been  made,  as  will  appear  from  tiie  foliowhig  sketchy 
winch  embraces  the  manufactures  most  woi'tJi>'  01* 
notice. 

C^incinnati  has  no  iron  founden'j  Init  is  well  supj 
plied  with  blacksmiths,  wiio  fabricate  in  a  neat  i&.d 
substantial  manner,  every  article  Wjiich  those  trades^ 
men  usually  make,  and  many  otliers  which  belc;n£r 

are  devoted  ta 
,  M'hich 


the  man\uactore  of  cut  and 

are  made  in  suthciettt  quantities  for  the  town  a; id 
adjacent  settlements.  Stills,  teakettles  and  othcx' 
vessels  of  copperj  with  a  great  variety  of  tin  wa!-e| 
are  made  in  abundance.  Billes,  fowling  picccS} 
pistols,  dirks  and  gun  locks  of  every  kind  are  m..<i 
nufactured.  It  is  six  years  since  a  inanuLctory  >;i 
cotton  and  woolen  maciiineiy  was  cst.iljiijihed,  i.t 
which  time  23  cotton  spinning  mules  and  throst;e:-j 
carrying  3,ot)0  spindle.;  Tl  roving  iind  drawL.g 
iieatis;  14  cotton  and  91  wool  c.u-ding  maclihit.i? 
besides  wool  sjiinning  machinery  to  tlie  amount  0^ 
lot)  spindles;  twisting  maehincs  and  cotton  gin-y 
have  been  made.  Plated  saddlery  ami  carn.ngg 
mounting  of  aU  kinds,  m.my  dillerent  articles  nC 
jcwelrv,  and  silver  w.u-e  of  eve.y  sort — after  Uio 
most  tashionabie  models  and  h.tudsouiely  enehaseJf 
are  TnanufaeUired-  Sv.ords,  diiks,  &,c.  are  nifjtiv.t^ 
ed  in  any  ion«,  and  either  plated  or  gilt.  Clocks  of 
every  kind  are  mad  ft,  and  watcnes  repaired; 

Sills,  cnimney  pieces,  Tncnuments,  and  in  B;;)rf, 
all  the  varieties  of  stone  cutting,  are  executed  wiJi 
ncaUicss  and  t.i.ste.  'Common  pottery,  of  a  go.xi- 
quaiilv,  is  made  in  sufiicient  t^u:.n.iv\-  flu-  home  c-.k'.'- 
sumptbr.      A  TnanitS-.ctcn'y  of  grt^ejj  wjiKlor;  g;:s;f  J 


55      KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISOi^ER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16,  181^. 


and  hollow  ware,  h  about  to  gx)  into  operation;  and 
will  be  followed  by  anol.ier  of  wliite  flint  g-Uuss  the 
ensiunp'  summer.  Cle;m  sand,  of  4  beautiful  white 
color,  has  been  found  in  abundance  near  tlie  mou'.li 
of  the  Sciotc;  but  no  clay  proj>er  for  crucibles  has 
been  discovered  as  yet  on  the  Ohio,  and  tliat  article 
has  been  brought  from  the  state  of  Deha\are. 

The  principle  manufactures  in  wood  are  tlie  fol- 
lowing':  sideboards,    secretaries,    bureaus,    and 


other  articles  oi"  cabinet  furnitra-e;  all  of  M'liich  may 
be  had  of  a  superior  quality,  made  either  of  our 
beautif  ;1  cherry  and  wahiut,  or  of  mohogany  freight- 
ed up  the  Pilissifisippi.  Fancy  chairs  and  settees, 
elegantly  gilt  and  varnished.  Waggons,  carts  and 
drays;  coaclies,  phretons,  gigs  and  other  pleasure 
carnages,  trimmed  r.nd  ornamented.  Flane  stocks, 
weaver's  reeds,  and  the  different  productions  of 
the  lathe,  comprehending  wheels,  chairs,  screws, 
Sec.  The  various  kinds  of  cooper's  work,  for  the 
execution  of  wjiieh  a  maclune  has  been  erected  and 
is  now  in  full  operation.  The  author  of  this  inven- 
tion is  William  Haily,  of  Kentucky,  who  in  ,1811 
obtained  a  patent.  Tlie  povver  is  given  by  one  or 
two  horses,  which  with  a  man  and  a  boy  can  dress  sliops 
and  joint,  in  a  superior  mannei',  tlie  slaves  necessa- 
ry for  one  hu.ndred  barrels,  hogsheads  or  pipes  in 
twelve  hours.  It  can  also  be  employed  in  shaving- 
and  jointing  shingie.s,  with  equal  advantage.  The 
proprietors  of  tiie  establishment  in  this  place  arc 
niaklng  loiMngements  for  tiie  exportation  of  di-essed 
staves  to  New-Orieans. 

To  the  produ(r*ions  in  wood  may  be  added,  the 
STEAM  sAv/  -MILL,  crcctcd  on  tJie  river  bank,  below, 
but  adjoLiing  the  town.  The  principal  building  is 
a  sti'Oiig  frame,  70  by  56  feet,  and  three  stories  higli. 
Tne  eng'ine  drives  four  saws  in  separate  ^''atea,  act- 
ing at  tiie  rate  of  80  times  in  a  minute,  making  the 
producT.  of  each  saw  about  200  feet  ©f  boards  an 
hour.  The  carriages  run  upon  cast  racks,  are  pro- 
pelled by  the  improved  sho-rt  hand  iind  ^^^-ed  b;;ck- 
Wiids  by  ddvel  luheels,  in  the  manner  of  the  best 
•niilis.  The  logs  to  be  sawed  are  chiefly  brouglit  in 
i-af:;  to  the  beixli,  and  drawn  up  the  bank  and  into 
the  mi;!  Ly  power  from  the  engine.  Other  branches 
of  bir.meas  wiii  be  canied  onm  this  establishment. 
Tiie  engine  is  estmiritad  at  20  horse  power,  and  of 
Evan='  patent,  e^icept  the  condenser,  which  the 
propiieiors  Jiave  abandoned,  as  being  attended  with 
a  degree  of  xrov.ble  and  expense  altogether  dispro- 
poi  ior.ate  to  its  advantage.  In  place  of  this,  they 
pour  on  the  waste  steam  a  current  of  cold  water, 
wlMch  becoming  instantly  iieated,  is  emplo;,  edto  re- 
plenijl;  tiie  boiiers.  The  steam  mill  company,  and 
Ci  (iiriiibtl  m.;nuf^ctu;-ing  company,  have  adopted 
the  Sciine  alteration,  with  great  success. 

There  are  foai  cotton  spinning  establishments, 
mo3i  of  them  small.  The  whole  contain  upwards  of 
12^a)  spindles,  wJiich  are  moved  by  horses.  Wool 
curding  is  performed  in  several  places;  and  an  ex- 
tc;iji\e  wooicn  manufactoiy,  designed  and  calcu- 
lated to  jkld  60  yards  of  broad  cloUi  per  day,  will 
be  in  ope-ration  the  ensuhig  wincer.  It  i.i  owned  by 
the  Cii'.einnati  .Majuif.iciurhig  Company.  Tiie  ma- 
chinery is  driven  by  an  engine  of  20  horse  power. 
The  products  of  the  loom  have  not  been  great;  but 
several  h.iudsome  pieces  of  carpedng,  diuper,  plaid, 
denun  and  otlier  cotton  fabrics,  deserve  to  be  men- 
tioned. Cables,  the  v.u-lous  kinds  of  small  cordage 
and  sjMm  yarn,  are  made  in  two  extensive  ropewalks. 
Tlie  latter  has  for  some  years  been  an  article  of  ex- 
portation. Wool  hats  arc  not  manufactiu-ed  here; 
but  fur  hats,  of  a  good  qua.lity,  are  made  in  such 
qu^uititicj  as  to  give  a  surplus  for  exportation 
to  the  Missiosippl,  where  they  are  exchanged  for 
peltry.    I'he  tumaug  und.  cwry'ing  ©f  leather  k  asg. 


ried  on  at  six  tan-yards  in  this  place  and  its  vicinilt^; 
and  the  manufacture  of  shoes,  boots  and  saddlery,  Is' 
extensive.  Skin-dressing  in  allum  is  executed  with 
neatness.  Trunks  covered  with  deer  skin  and  oil 
cloth,  leather  gloves,  and  a  variety  of  brushes,  are 
made,  of  a  good  quality.  Illank  books,  and  all  kinds 
of  common  and  extra  binding,  are  executed  with 
neatness. 

The  Cincinnati  Manufacturing  Company  have  em- 
braced hi  their  plan,  manufactories  of  white  and 
red  lead,  of  such  extent  as  will  yield  six  or  seven 
tons  per  week.  The  latter  is  not  yet  completed — 
but  the  former,  wMcli  is  the  thh'd  that  has  been 
erected  between  the  IVIississippi  and  the  mountains, 
is  hi  operation,  and  produces  white  lead  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality.  It  must  indeed  be  superior  to  that 
brought  from  the  Atlantic  states,  as  il  has  no  mix- 
ture of  luhiting,  with  wiuch  the  Imported  white 
lead  is  always  alio  ed.*  Arrangements  for  a  sug.ar- 
retiiierv  were  made  early  in  the  present  year;  the 
buildings  have  been  commenced,  and  the  estab- 
lishment will  be  in  operation  in  a  few  weeks.  To- 
bacco and  snuff  are  manufactured  hi  four  diflferent 
Pot  and  pearl  ash,  soap  of  various  kinds, 
and  candles,  are  made  in  such  quantities  as  to  give 
a  large  sm-plus  for  exportation. 

Tiie  rectification  of  spu-it  and  distillation  of  cor*' 
dials,  are  prosecuted  to  such  a  degree  as  to  give  an 
ample  supply  of  the  latter  for  domestic  use.  Rut 
these  establishments,  both  in  extent  and  utility^ 
are  eclipsed  by  our  breweries.  The  first  was  erect- 
ed on  the  river  bank  in  tlie  lower  part  of  the  town, 
four  years  ago,  and  uses  the  river  water;  the  other 
was  established  since,  on  a  smaller  scale,  and  de- 
rives its  water  from  wells  and  cisterns.  The  two 
are  calculated  to  consume,  annually,  30,000  bushels 
of  barley.  Their  products  are  beer,  porter  and 
ale,  of  a  quality  at  least  equal  to  that  of  the  Atlan» 
tic  states.  Large  quantities  have  been  exported 
to  the  Mississippi,  even  as  far  as  to  New  Orleans, 
the  climate  of  which  they  are  found  to  bear  vei-y 
well. 

Tiie  manufacture  of  flour,  at  the  steam-mill,  will 
be  carried  on  to  a  gi'eat  extent.  The  machuiery  is 
all  on  the  plan  of  Oliver  Evans,  and  driven  by  an 
engine  of  70  horse  power.  Four  pair  of  six  feet 
burr  stones  will  be  run.  Two  pair  have  been  in  mo- 
tion for  several  months,  and  produce  about  60  bbls. 
of  flour  per  day;  the  whole  when  in  operation  will, 
it  is  expected,  afibrd  700  bbls.  a  week.  The  flour 
is  generally  of  a  superior  quality. 

in  the  year  1814,  a  mustard  manufactory  was 
erected  above  the  town,  but  has  not  yet  got  int* 
stich  extensive  operation  as  to  supercede  the  impor- 
tation of  that  article. 

In  the  fine  arts  we  have  not  any  thing  to  boast- 
but  it  is  worthy  of  being  mentioned,  that  all  kinds 
of  labelling,  sign  and  ornamental  painting,  together 
with  engraving  on  copper  of  official  and  otlier  seals, 
cards  of  address  and  vignettes,  is  executed  with 
taste  and  elegance. 


Bounty  Iv^^nds. 

War  Dkpaktmbnt.  To  facilitate  the  business  of 
obtainhig  warrants  for  militarv  bounty  land  under 
tae  acts  of  the  24th  December,  1811,  of  the  11th 
January,  1812,  and  of  the  10th  December,  1814, 
all  persons  interested  are  invited  to  attend  to  the 

folioWUlg  INTOBMATION: 

1st.  Every  person  whose  services  entitle  him  to 
aland  warrant,  and  who  personally  applies  for  it, 
will  be  iield  to  oroduce  at  the  War  Department  hjs 


*Se(j  Cooper's  liuiporium  of  Arts  and  Scitsc  es. 


NTLES'  WEEKLY  Ri^ftlSTER— ROMAN  STATISTICS. 


37 


dfi^nal  discharge,  which  ought  to  express  the  date 
of  etiiistment,  i/ie  term  for  which  tlie  person  was 
enlisted,  that  /te  has  faithfully  served  the  United 
States  during-  that  term,  and  he  is  honorably  dis- 
charged. Tne  phraseology  of  discharges  of  disabil- 
ity necessarily  differs  from  ordinary  discharg-es; 
but  in  those  the  term  "honorably  discharged"  is 
deemed  tantamount  to  the  certificate  of  the  faithful 
;service  required  by  law. 

2d.  In  cases  where  the  original  claimant  shall 
not  personally  apply  for  his  land  warrant,  his  oi-i- 
giiial  discharge  must  be  transmitted  to  the  War 
Department,  accompanied  by  a  power  of  attorney, 
duly  executed,  of  the  following-  form: — viz. 

KxOW   AiL    MEN'    By   THESE   PHESESTS,    That  I, 

late  a  in  captain  company,  in  the 

regiment  of  who  was  enlisted  the  day  of 

one   thousand   eight   hundred    and  to 

serve*  and  honorably  discharged  from  the  ar- 

JTty  of  the  United  States,  on  the  day  of 

one  thousand  eight  hundred  as  will  more  ful- 

ly appear  by  my  original  discharge  heremito  annex- 
ed, HAVE,  and  by  these  presents  DO,  nominate, 
constitute  and  appoint  my  true  and  lawful  at- 

torney for  me  and  in  my  name,  and  in  my  behalf, 
to  procure  and  receive  from  such  officer,  person  or 
persons,  as  shall  be  legally  authorised  to  grant  the 
same,  a  -warrant  for  the  quantity  of  land  to  which  I 
am  entitled  for  the  ervices  rendered  by  me  as  a 
in  the  anny  of  the  United  States,  during  the 
late  Wax*,  piu'suant  to  the  law  of  the  United  States 
in  such  case  m^de  and  provided.  And  I  do  furtlier 
hereby  empower  the  said  to  do  and  to  per- 

form all  such  acts  and  things,  and  to  give  such  a 
receipt  or  receipts,  or  execute  sucli  instrument  or 
instruments  in  writing  as  shall  be  required,  in  as 
fall  and  ample  a  manner  as  1  could  myself  do  were 
I  personally  present.  And  I  do  further  empower 
liim  to  constitute  and  a]>point  an  attorney  or  attor- 
nies  under  him  for  the  said  piu-poses,  and  also  at 
pleasure  to  revoke  the  same.  And  do  further  here- 
by ratify  and  conlirm  whatever  my  said  attorney  or 
his  substitute  shall  lawfully  do  in  the  premises. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
hand  and  seal,  at  tliis  day  of  cue 

thousand  eight  himdred  and 
Signed,  sealed  and  delivered    '> 
in  presence  of  y 

State  of  ^ 

and  county  of  3    **' 

being  didy  sworn,  doth  depose  and 
Say,  that  he  is  the  same  person  described  in  and 
wlio  executed  the  abo\'e  power  of  attorney,  and  that 
the  same  is  his  own  free  and  volimtaxy  act,  for  the 
piu-poses  mentioned  therein. 
Sworn  to,  and  subscribed  this  day  of 

181     befo-re  me. 
State  of  ^ 

and  county  of  5    **• 

and  being  duly  sworn,  depose  and 

say,  that  they  and  each  of  them  are  personally  ac- 
quainted with  the   above    named  and  'well 
know  him  to  be  the  person  described  in  the  above 
power  of  attorney. 
Sworn  to,  and  subscribed  this            day  of 

181     before  me. 
State  of  I 

and  county  of  5    **• 

I  certify  tliat  the  above  named 
are  credible  witnesses.  Dated  at 
4ay  of  181 


and 
the 


I  Clerk  ofthe  comity  of  State  af 

do  hereby  certify  that  before  whom  the  above 

affidavits  ajDpeor  to  liave  been  made,  is  a  act- 

ing under  the  authority  of  this  state,  and  that  the 
above  is  his  signature. 

^^^^■^  I:i  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto 
§  SEAL.  §  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the  se;d  of  the 
i  .7.  V?.  u(?.§     said  county,  8ic.  —  this  —  day  of —  &c. 

N.  B.  In  tJiose  instances  where  the  Power  of 
Attorney  in  qtiestion  is  executed  before  a  J\'otary 
Public,  and,  of  coiu-se,  attested  by  his  official  seal 
and  signatiu-e,  the  above  Certificate  of  a  county 
clerk  on  each  Instrument  will  be  dispensed  witli : 
but  in  such  a  case  it  will  be  required  that  one 
separate  official  Certificate  fiom  the  JMn.nicipal  or 
state. !Zzz//w,'v7i/ shall  attest  the  quniity  and  signr.ture 
of  such  notary,  which  Singh'  Certificate  shall  he 
admitted  as  the  sanction  of  all  such  Not:irLal  acts 
that  accompaviv  it. 

N.  B.  All  Substitutions  of  such  a  Po-.t.'cr  must  be 
made  before  a  A'otary  Public,  m  legal  form. 

3d.  In  caseswhere  tlie  original  ciaim-.mt  is  dead, 
and  an  heir  applies  in  hLs  Right,  he  or  slie  w'iA  h& 
Jield  to  ascertain  by  leg-al  proof  that  the  person  in 
whose  Right  the  application  siiall  be  so  made,  did 
enlist  in  such  or  such  a  Comjiany  or  Corps,  on  siieh  a 
day,  and  for  s-uch  a  term,-  and  that  he  w-.is  slaiii  by  the 
enemy,  or  did  othenvise  die  while  in  the  service  of 
the  United  States,  at  such  a  time  and  place. 

Next,  the  actual  Claimant  will  be  held  to  adduce 
legal  Certificates  from  competent  authority  to 
ascertain  that /je  or  she  thus  claiming  a  land  wan-ant, 
is  a  legitimate  Heir  at  Law  and  of  lawf.d  age  :  in 
which  case,  although  other  Heirs  may  exist,  yet  tlie 
warrant  will  be  issued  in  the  n;unc  of  tlic  heir  so 
proving,  addhtg  thereto  the  words—"  and  the  otl.er 
Heirs  at  Lavi  if — &c.  &c. 

A  Land  wan-ant  will  not  be  issued  to  an  Executor, 
nor  to  an  Administrator. — The  government  of  the 
United  States,  has  not  authorised  any  person  to  act 
as  an  agent  for  the  purpose  of  transacting  any  part 
of  the  business  relative  to  the  obt.iiuing  military 
land  warrants;  which  will,  as  usual,  be  issued  .gratis 
at  the  W..r  Uepi'.rtment :  nor  does  it  recognize  ;,ny 
pretended /a/ic^ q^M  for  .?wc/;  purpose.^,  nor  any  other 
Agency  of  that  nature,  in  any  state  of  tiie  American 
Union. 

August  22d,  1815. 


,  *For  '-five  years"  or  "dui-ing  the  v.ar,"  a.s  tlie  case 
JlD,aybs> 


Roman  Statistics. 

FROTH    THE     IRISH     MASAZINE    FOR  JTlr. A  StUtisticCil 

muneratiou  of  the  armies  and  population  of  ancient 

Rome,  collected  from  Livy,  Dionjsius,  Plutarch,  and 

JEuselnvs,  Es'c. 

Rome  in  its  infant  state,  before  an  aspiring 
ambition  had  made  conquest  a  national  piu-suit, 
was  surrounded  by  numerous  nations,  e.ich  enjoying 
its  own  form  of  independent  government,  until  tlie 
more  fortunate  arms  of  the  new  state  gradually 
subverted  them  as  the  infmcy  of  political  existence, 
which  proves,  that  nations  by  balancing  power 
against  the  spu-it  of  conquest,  had  not  yet  taught 
small  communities  to  unite  :  they  fought  sepcu-ateiy, 
and  were  conquered  separately. 

Rome  began  with  a  monarchy,  but  the  people 
getting  disgusted  with  a  form  of  government  which 
is  more  pregnant  with  crimes,  .and  more  expensive 
than  any  other  yet  known,  rejected  the  kmgly  op- 
pressors, four  of  them  were  assassinated  and  ex- 
pelled whicli  concluded  this  form  of  goveriiment, 
and  Rome  might  liave  exitedto  this  d^y,  in  all  it^ 
power  and  grandeur  had  not  her  vices  thrown  iier 
ibsck  again  into  the  tiands  of  masters,  whe  Ittidexr 


gg  NILES^  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  Itj,  1815. 


he  name  of  emperors,  exercised  all  the  tyranny  of 
tin::?,  '  itl  out  using  the  odious  distinction. 

The  /upid  increase  she  made  in  population,  may 
be  seen  by  the  following-  statistical  view  of  each 
of  tJie  several  musters  of  fighting  men  from  ihc 
found.uionof  Uie  city,  to  the  usurpation  of  Sylla. 


E*  M 

«•  ..■ 

Co   -- 

11 

5  ''J 

R  Si. 

X 

753 

3^300 

512 

242 

260,000 

S7 

716 

47,000 

53'^ 

221 

270,213 

96 

657 

84,700 

546 

208 

137,108 

245 

509 

130,000 

549 

219 

214,000 

2J6 

498 

150,000 

560 

194 

243,704 

260 

494 

iiy,uoo 

565 

189 

258,308 

270 

475 

lu3,000 

574 

180 

273,244 

2l/3 

'M 

124,000 

580 

174 

269,015 

29. 

460 

132.409 

584 

170 

312,810 

361 

393 

152,530 

589 

165 

337,452 

410 

344 

16-0,000 

594 

160 

328,314 

4.35 

319 

250,000 

599 

155 

324,000 

460 

294 

262,a05 

606 

148 

322,000 

464 

234 

273,000 

611 

143 

328.342 

474 

2S0 

278,222 

617 

137 

323,000 

478 

276 

-271,224 

622 

132 

313,822 

469 

265 

292,224 

628 

126 

390,736 

502 

252 

297,797 

638 

116 

364,336 

506 

248 

251,222 

667 

87 

463,000 

From  tlie  above  statistical  account  it  is  evident 
that  tiie  population  muUiplicd  very  fast  vmder  tlie 
king's,  occasioned  by  the  various  arts  used  to  entice 
the  citizens  of  t'ne  sHU-rounding'  states  to  settle 
among'  them.  That  imder  the  beg-inning  of  the 
ai-iiitocracy  at  265  the  aug-mentation  was  prodi- 
gious, after  the  establislunent  of  equal  liberty 
and  equal  laws  in  the  commonwealth.  Yvom  410 
of  the  city  to  435  it  is  evident  by  the  g-eneral  survey 
(Livy  ix.'  cli.  19,  and  x,  47,)  tl)at  tliere  was  in  25 
years  aa  increase  of  90,000  warriors.  This  enormous 
mcrease  happened  under  the  g-overnment,  when  it 
became  i)opular,  when  liberty  and  equality  remov- 
ed the  obsaicles,  wiiicli  controlled  the  conquering- 
geriius  of  the  people,  by  penal  and  prohibitory 
st..tutc:i,  enacted  ag-ahist  the  plebeians  (for  so  tlie 
people  were,  stig-m.atized  by  tlie  aristocratic  ascen- 
uuiu-\  of  ll'jm.c)  where!)y  tliey  were  prevented  from 
acquiving  property — consequence,  rank,  or  statt 
honors,  Hut  as  censors  and  tribune.?  were  esta- 
biisiied,  thereby  the  morals  were  admirably  main- 
tained, iUid  the  vigor  of  the  law  supported  and 
preserved  for  a  lonc^  time  .-  for  as  g-ood  laws  make 
g-ood  men,  so  g-ood  men  defend  g-ood  laws,  whereby 
ti;ey  arc  both  a  mutuul  defence  to  each  other. 

Thus,  we  see  tiie  councils  of  popular-  assemblies 
more  bold,  more  mag-iianimous.  imd  wiser  than  the 
jjaraiized  eii'orts  of  aristocratic  senates,  and  ill 
yuided  princes.  To  what  other  cause  can  we 
attribute  the  ambitious,  nay  g-ig-antic  designs  of  the 
petty  governments  of  Atliens  and  Lacedemon,  states 
not  as  large  as  Minister,  and  other  i)etty  re]3iiblican 
states,  but  to  the  nobie  avarice,  not  of  v,'ealth,  but 
oi'glory  and  <;ime  for  their  country  and  selves,  united 
by  the  virtues  and  emulation  of  their  particular 
inagistr.atc.s  and  commiuulers,  v/herc  the  supreme 
dig-niiies  are  succcssivelv  attainable  in  .annual  rota- 
tion, as  the  never  failing  reward  ofindividual  ability 
and  desert. 


When  Louis  XVI.  .iscended  the  throne  in  1774, 
there  were  in  Prance  5  families  of  the  royal  blood, 
viz  : — 1.  reigning  family.  2.  family  of  Orleans.  3.  of 
Conde.  4  of  Conti.  5.  of  Penthievre  (the  host  a  legi- 
timated family,  viz:  its  parent  stock  born  out  of  wed  - 
ock,  but    acknowledged.) 

There  were,  besides,  in  Europe,  3  families  decend-' 
ed  from  the  house  of  Bourbon,  viz — one  in  Spain, 
one  in  Naples  and  one  in  Parma. 

Louis  St.inislaus  Xayier,  now  Louis  the  18th,  was 
bom  Nov.  17,  1755. 

Charles  PJiilip,  count  D'Artois,   3d  brother  to 
Louis  XVI,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1775. 

The    duke  D'Angouleme,  eldest  son  to  count 
D'Artois,  was  born  Aug.  6th,  1775. 

Maria  Theresa  Charlotte,  Duchess  of  Angouleme^, 
(Daughter  of  Louis  XVI,  and  fii'st  cousin  to  her  hus- 
band) w.as  born  Dec.  19,  1778.  N.  B.  By  the  salic 
law,  women  did  not  inherit  tlie  crowii  of  France,. 
The  lilies  do  not  spin,  was  the  adage. 

The  Duke  of  Bcrri,  second  son  to  the  count  D'Ar- 
tois, was  born  Jan.  24,  1778. 

Philip,  duke  of  Orleans,  son  of  the  r\o\ed.  Egalilp, 
was  born  Oct.  6.  lie  afterwards  came  to  the  U. 
States,  tlirongli  wliicii  he  travelled  with  liis  two  bro- 
thers, one  of  whom  is  since  dead.  Philip  taught 
Frencli  in  Canada — he  was  once  a  republican;  he 
since  became  reconciled  to  Louis  XVIII,  having,  of 
coiuse,  abjured  former  principles. 

The  mother  of  Pliilip  D'Orleans  is  a  daughter  of 
tlie  virtuous  duke  of  Penthievre.  If  her  husband's 
life  was  a  tissue  of  infam.y,  her  own  is  a  briglit  pattern 
of  whatever  is  amiable  or  a.'.ractive  in  the  female 
cliaracter.  She  is  on  earth  a  suffering  angel.  Bona- 
parte is  said  to  have  lately  settled  on  her  a  lai-ge 
pension.  Her  misfortvmes  did  not  come  from  him. 
Let  this  little  digression  be  excused.  We  have  seen 
her  so  often  at  Anet,  Vernon  and  other  places,  visit- 
ing the  abodes  of  indigence  and  sickness,  encourag- 
ing industry,  disseminathig  piety  and  virtue,  in  all 
which  she  vvas  accompanied  and  aided  by  lier 
venerable  father,  that  we  cannot  forbear  adding  our 
distant  blessing  to  those,  which,  we  doubt  not,  slie 
still  continues  to  receive. — Her  other  children,  not 
being  conspicious  at  present,  are  not  mentioned 
here. 


I'hc  Bourhoiis. 

The  names  of  some  oftlie  Bourbon  family  so  frc- 
-lajuentJy  recurs  in  the  papers,  that  a  sliovt  notice  yfj  sufticient  to  c;a-e  m;uikind  of  the  ijuuUa  ofhcrosiitai:^ 
wtea resucctiYcly,  app.oai-3  tlesi;-iiJ.<l9.  -..i-.-     n-., — j  r-— *,-/„- 


The  branch  of  Conde  has  been  remarkable  for 
coiu-age  and  gallantry.  The  prince  of  Conde  long 
headed  the  Emigr.ants.  The  high  qualities  and  the 
melancholy  fate  of  the  duke  D'Enghicn,  are  weli 
known. 

The  Bourbons  are  rcpro.iclied  v.ith  degenei-acy. 
Religious  ideas  and  a  factious  dig-iiity  prevented 
their  intermari-ying  witli  jn-otestant  f.imilies  of  royal 
rank  abroad,  firkin  noble  families  of  tlie  kingdom. 
Their  connubial  connexions  were  confined  to  the 
catholic  houses  of  Austria,  Savoy,  Spain,  Bavari.a, 
and  Bourbon,  ?«atural  history  requires  no  more  to 
account  for  that  degeneracy.  ?tloral  causes,  still 
more  efficient,  might  be  adduced  to  aid  the  explana- 
tion— We  leave  the  task  to  others.  Strange,  yet 
necessary  dccune  of  dynasties  !  Inevitable  effects 
of  luxury,  incrtnc;;s,  torpor,  and  hereditary  power4 
Look  at  the  house  ofiMedicis — at  the  family  of  the 
Stuarts— at  the  last  malchierLJ  at  Vienna,  in  the 
insignificant  Charles  VII     This  alone  ought  to  be 


X ulcr^. — JJicJuntnd  ComJiflcK, 


FILES'  "WEEKLY  REStSTER    FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


S9 


Foreign  Articles. 


,^  the  i-nhabitants  of  the  ceded  parts  of  the  kingdom 
of  Saxony 
By  the  treaty  of  peace  conclude'l  oa  the  18th  of 
this  month,  and  ratified  on  the  21st,  bet\veen  me  and 
the  courts  of  Austria,  Russia  and  Prussia,  T  have 
consented  to  the  cession  of  that  part  of  my  hereditary 
States,  of  «'hich  the  cong'ress  at  Vienna  had  disposed, 


efface  the  sad  recollections,  the  sufferings  of  marly 
years. 

"The  most  sacred  and  individual  pledges  ofrao- 
deration,  mildness,  mutual  confidence,  :;nd  a  per- 
fect union,  shall  jruarantce  your  repose. 

"Neapolitans  ! — Supi^ort  "hy  your  aid  our  enter- 
prise, the  object  o"  wliich  is  so  threat,  so  just,  sc  !•:■- 
neficial,  and  which  forms  a  pai-t  of  tlie  common 
cause  of  Europe,  wiiich  so  valianlly  defends  it  with 


which  had,  at  tlie  same  time,  added  the  clause,  an  immense   farce,  and    by  the  union   of  civilized 
tliat  the  rest  of  my  hereditary  states,  would  not  nations. 


be  restored,  till  I  had  consented  to  the  cessions 
demanded. 

Durinij  my  long  government,  I  have  been  guided 
In  all  my  operations  solely  by  mv  solicitude  for  the 
good  of  the  subjects  who  were  entrusted  to  mc. 


"I  promise  you,  that  without  any  exception,  no 
account  shall  be  demanded,  no  notice  ti^ken  of 
tliose  wlio  darijig  my  life,  as  well  as  dvu-ing'  my 
former  absence,  have  failed  in  tlie  duty  of  fiJ.eli'.y 
tome.     An  impenetrable  and  eternal  veil  sliall  co- 


The  issue  of  all  human  enterprizes  is  in  the  hand  ofjver  all  the  actions  that  have  taken  plrxe.     All  opi 

God.     All  my  efforts  to  avert  so  painful  a  sacrifice  jninns  that  have  been  expressed  diu-ing  this  period, 

have  been  in  vain.     I  must  part  from  you;  and  the  I  promise,  on  tliis  head,  in  the  most  solemn  manner. 


bonds  vvliich  your  fidelity  and  your  attachment  to 
my  person  rendered  so  dear  to  me — tlie  bonds 
which  h.ave  formed  for  ages  the  happiness  of  my 
house,  and  of  yoiu-  ancestors,  must  be  broken. 
^Conformably  to  the  promise   made   to  the   allied 


and  upon  my  royal  word,  the  most  complete,  tht 
most  exact,  tiie  most  general  and  eternal  amnesty 
and  oblivion. 

"I  promise  to  all  Neapolitans  and  Slcilims  who 
serve  in  the  army,  by  land  or  by  sea,  that  th.ey  shall 


powers,  I   release  you.    Subjects   and   Soldiers   of  ji'etain  tlieir  pay,' their  rank,   and   the  military   ho 
the  provinces  separated   from  my  kingdom,  from'^ors  which  ihey  at  present  enjoy, 
your  oath  to  me  and  my  house;  and  1  recommend  j      "May  God,  the  witness  of  tiie  sincerity  and  firm 
^ou    to    be    faithful    and   obedient    to    your    new 


sovci-eign. 

My  gratitude  for  your  fidelity,  my  love,  and  m\' 
ardent  wishes  for  your  welfare,  will  always  attend 
you.  (Signed)         Frederick  Augustus. 

Luxemburgh,  May  22. 

PHocL-iMATiox.  "  We,  Ferdinand  IV.  by  the 
gruce  of  God,  king- of  the  Two  Sicilies  and  of 
Jerusalem,  Infant  of  Spain, duke  of  Parma,  Placen- 
2a,  Castro,  &c.  grand  hereditary  prince  of  Tus- 


iny, 


&.C. 


"Neapolitans! — The  time  is  arrived  when  I  return 
to  my  throne  of  Naples!  all  combines  to  favor  my 
steps.     Your  unanimous  wislies  calls  me  back. 

"The  general  a.ssent  of  tJie  high  allied  powers 
does  justice  to  my  claims.  The  constant  and  pow- 
erful assistance  of  my  allies  animates  and  preserves 
me.  I  come  at  the  j)ead  of  an  army,  not  lijie  con- 
querors, to  deceive  and  incite  to  revolt  unsuspect- 
ing nations,  or  like  adventui-crs  to  obtain  by  force 
and  fraud  what  a  state  of  peace  cannot  prociu-e 
them. 

"I  return  to  the  bosom  of  my  family.  I  come  to 
bring  peace  and  consolation.  I  come  to  restore  the 
ancient  purity  [of  what  is  not  said]  and  to  eflTace 
from  the  minds  all  the  sufferings  they  have  under- 
gone. No;  it  is  not  your  destination  to  cany  the 
torch  of  discord  among  those  who  are  notyoiu*  ene 

■  mies.  You  are  not  destined  to  be  degraded  by  that 
species  of  glory  which  results  from  terror  and  de- 
vastation. The  history  of  }our  ancestors  is  very 
glorious  for  you.  Descendants  of  the  Bruzi,  the 
Campani,  and  the  Sannili,  you  must  make  the  fo- 

'  ^eign  disturbers  of  your  civil  happiness  and  your 
tranquility  tremble,  but  not  be  the  instruments  of 
tlieir  ambition,  or  the  victims  of  their  deceit.  Your 
sons  sliall  not  perish  in  the  icy  plains  of  the  north 
— yoiu- livelihood  the  fruit  of  your  exertions,  the 
production  of  yoiu-  happy  soil,  shall  be  enjoyed  by 
yourselves  alone. 

"Neapolitans,  return  into  my  arms;  I  was  born 
among  you,  I  know  and  esteem  yoiu*  manners, 
your  cliai'actcr  and  your  customs.  I  wish  nothing 
more  than  to  give  the  clearest  proofs  of  my  pater- 
nal iove,  and  to  be  able  to  make  the  new  period  of 
my  government  the  happy  epoch  of  the  welfare  and 


ness  of  mv  sentiment,  crown  the  result  with  his 
blessing." '  FEllDlxNAND. 

Palermo,  Maij  6,  1815. 

SwTTZHRLixD,  May  26. 
Note  delivered  to  the  diet  by  tlse  mir.isters  of  the 

foiu-  great  Powers,  which  was  read  in  the  sicclng 

of  the  12th  .M^y. 

"From  the  moment  that  Ronaparte  rctui-ned  Xo 
France,  all  Switzerland  resolved  by  an  unanimo'is 
and  energetic  determination  to  take  up  arms  to  de- 
fend its  frontiers,  and  to  keep  off  tliosc  disorders  of 
all  kinds  with  which  Europe  is  menaced  by  tlu^ 
return  of  this  Usurper. 

"This  measure,  wliich  fully  displayed  the  energy 
of  the  diet,  and  the  wisdom  of  its  deliberations,  whs 
perfectly  in  harmony  with  the  sentiments  of  al' 
Kiu'ope,  which  openly  applauded  the  conduct  oia. 
people,  who,  though  nearest  to  the  danger,  was  sccv 
to  pronounce  without  liesiiation,  on  the  events  of 
which  France  is  the  theatre,  and  boldly  profess  sq:\- 
timenLs  so  honorable,  by  repelling  the  propos.il  ■, 
mide  by  the  pretended  govemment  of  tiuit  countiv 
to  all  the  states,  and  which  were  eveiy  where  rejcc- 
ed  with  indigTiation. 

"In  tills  imexpected  and  unparalleled  cri-r..', 
the  Helvetic  confeder;jcy,  guided  by  its  r.ncier. ; 
integ-rity,  has  joined  of  itself  the  system  of  Euroi";, 
and  embra:ced  the  cause  of  social  order  and  of  xi:^ 
safety  of  nations.  It  has  felt  the  conviction  that  so 
long  as  the  volcano,  rekindled  in  France,  sliou'd, 
threaten  to  influence  and  convulse  the  world,  t::C 
inestimable  advantages  which  the  high  allied  pov/cis 
take  a  pleasure  in  seeing  enjoyed  by  Switzerland, 
its  welfare,  its  independence,  its  neutrality,  would  be 
ahvays  exposed  to  the  encror.chmentsof  tliat  illeg.U 
and  destroying  power  wliicli  no  moral  restraiuL  ;-> 
able  to  check. 

"  United  by  the  same  wish,  of  annihilating  th.iy 
power,  the  sovereigns  as.senibled  at  tiie  coiigre  ;.•!, 
of  Vienna  have  p.-octaimed  their  principles  in  t!.e. 
trcUy  of  the  25Lh  of  Marcii,  as  weil  :::5  tiie  cnga^s.- 
ments  they  contracted  to  maintain  them. 

"  All  the  other  states  of  Europe  have  been  invlU  ,'. 
to  accede  to  it,  and  th.ey  h:tve  remlily  ansv/cri  .1 
this  invitation.  Thus,  the  moment  is  arrived,  wiii^i 
tiie  august  sovereigns,  who  je  orders  the  undcrsig.i;  •-' 
arc  coinmissioncd  to  execute  here,  expect  thiw  t^j 


TfAi  hfAppiness   of  our  country.     A  single  day  shalldicl.  en  receipt  of  tlie  present  o^icial  connr-. 


40    IsILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATITRDAY,  SEPTEMBER  Iv,  1S15, 


tlons,  will,  by  a  fonnal  and  authentic  declai-ation 
adopt  tlie  same  principles,  and  in  concert  witli  the 
nndersig-ned  resolve  on  the  measures  which  may 
become  necessary  to  oppose  the  common  danger. 

"  r.ut  al  the  same  time  that  the  powers  expect 
without  any  doubt,  that  Switzerland,  agreed  with 
thera  on  the  principal  object,  will  make  no  difficulty 
5a  declaring  that  it  is  armed  to  attain  it,  and  that 
li.  will  place  itself  in  the  same  line  of"  policy,  they 
are  very  far  fi-om  propoainij  to  it  to  display  any 
otlier  force  than  such  as  is  proportioned  to  the  re- 
sources and  tiie  usages  of  its  people.  They  respect 
Ihe  military  system  of  a  nation  wjiich,  remote  from 
all  ambivion,  puts  fjrcc^  on  foot  only  to  defend  its 
liberty  and  its  independence;  they  know  tlie  value 
viiich  Switzerland  attaclies  to  thp  principle  of 
neutrality;  it  is  not  to  infringe  upon  it,  but  solely  to 
nccclcratc  the  period  wSien  tliis  principle  miiy  be 
applied  in  an  ad.vantugeous  and  permanent  miumer 
ihac  they  propose  to  tiie  confederation,  to  assume 
an  energetic  attitude,  and  adopt  vigorous  measures 
commensurate  to  the  extraordinary  circumstances 
of  the  tunes,  buz  without  forming-  a  precedent  for 
ihe  funre. 

"  It  is  conformably  with  these  principles  that  the 
imdersigned  have  received  from  their  respective 
courts,  tlie  necessary  insti'uctions  to  regulate  by 
a  convention  which  ciumot  but  be  agreeable  to 
Switzerland,  tlie  footing  upon  wliicli  its  adhesion  is 
to  subsist  to  the  sacred  cause  which  it  has  already 
cmbr  iced.  They  liave  therefore,  the  honor  to  invite 
the  diet  witliout  delay  to  name  plenipotentiai-ies 
to  cviter.  into  a  ncgociation  witli  them  upon  tliis 
Bubject. 

*'  Th.c  allied  monarchs  impose  upon  themselves, 
the  greatest  sacrifices;  nevertlieless  tliey  require 
f.oui  8\vitzerland,  only  those  from  which  it  cannot 
possi()ly  withdraw  itself  in  a  crisis  in  which  its 
tlearest  interests  are  at  stake,  and  to  alleviate  t!ie 
b\u-den  of  putting  on  foot  the  forces  nccess;iry  for 
tlie  vigorous  defence  of  their  frontiers,  as  well  as 
to  insure  its  success,  they  propose  to  keep  at  the 
disposal  of  Switzerland  all  the  assistance  which  the 
g-eneral  opCTauuns  of  t!ie  war  shall  permit  them  to 
dedicate  to  this  object. 

"  The  monarchs  desire  in  tliis  manner  among 
this  nation  (the  oljject  of  their  particular  regarcl 
iind  esteem)  those  sentiments  of  attacliment,  con- 
fidence and  gratitude,  to  which  they  believe  them- 
selves so  justly  emitled,  sentiments  which  thev 
would  have  at  he:u't  still  to  increase  and  strength eii 
at  the  time  of  a  general  peace,  by  paying  pai-ticulav 
attention  to  the  interests  and  s.ifety  of  Switzerland. 
"  The  undersigned  renew  to  his  excellency  the 
president,  and  to  Mes.srs.  the  deputies  to  the'diet, 
ilie  assm-ance  of  tlieir  distinguished  consideration. 
Zimch,  Jifay  6,  1815. 

STRATFORD  CANNING, 
KRUDKNER, 
SrHR\UT, 
CHAMBHIE."* 
Aiik-Tver  of  the  diet 
"At  tlie  moment  when  a  new  political  convulsion 
shewed  itself  in  P'rance,  Switzerland,  struck  with 
the  dangers  of  its    situation,  took  with  vigor  and 
celerity  the  measures  of  safety  which   the  impor- 
tance of  the  circumstances  required.     The  diet  has 
jnade  known  by  proclamation  the  object  of  these  ar- 
maments; it  has  avoided  all  connection  with  the  man 
^vho  has  taken  the  reins  of  the  French  government, 
and  has  refused  to  recognise  him. 

♦'Tlie  ministers  of   the  allied  jwv/ers  justly  infer 
«■ 

*  rhe   Brititili,  A'-istrkui.,  Kassian  and   Prussian 


from  this  conduct,  that  Switzerland,  united  in  inter- 
est and  intentions  with  lije  other  states,  must  oppose 
with  all  its  might  a  power  which  threatens  the  ])eace, 
the  tranquility,  the  independence,  and  the  rights  of 
all  nations.  Such  are,  in  fact,  tlie  resolutions  of  the 
diet. 

"The  relations  v.'hich  it  maintains  witli  hishallicA 
powers,  and  even  with  them  alone,  leave  no  doubt 
respecting  its  disposition  or  its  designs;  it  will 
abide  bv  them  with  that  constancy  and  Tdelity 
which  have  been  at  all  times  honorable  features  in 
the  Swiss  character 

'Twenty  two  little  republics,  united  among  them/- 
selves  for  their  security  and  the  assertion  of  tlieir 
independence,  must  seek  their  national  strengtli  in 
the  pu-inciplc  of  their  confederation. — This  is  what 
is  prescribed  by  the  nature  of  things,  by  the  geo- 
graptvical  situation,  the  constitution  and  the  charac- 
ter of  the  Swiss  people. 

"  A  consequence  of  this  principle  is  its  neutrality, 
recognised  in  its  favor,  as  the  basis  of  its  future 
relations  with  all  states.  It  equally  results  fro^ 
this  principle,  that  in  the  great  contest  which  Li 
on  the  eve  of  commencing,  the  part  of  Switzerland 
must  naturally  consist  in  the  vigorous  defence  of  its 
frontiers. — Bv  remaining  on  this  line,  it  does  not 
enstrangc  itself  from  the  cause  of  other  powers;  ou 
the  contrary,  it  embr.ices  it  the  more  sincerely,  and 
serves  it  with  the  more  advantage,  as  this  cause  be- 
comes immediately  its  own.  Considered  in  itself, 
the  defence  of  a  frontier  50  leagues  in  extent,  which 
serves  as  s. point  (V  appui  to  the  movement  of  two 
armies,  is  a  co-operation  not  only  very  effectual,  but 
even  of  the  highest  importance.  Thirty  thousand 
men  and  more  have  been  put  on  foot  for  this  purpose. 
Resolved  to  maintain  this  devclopement  of  force, 
Switzerland  tlunks  on  its  side  tliat  it  may  expect 
from  tlie  kindness  of  the  powers  that  tlieir  armies 
\\\\\  respect  its  territor)-,  till  it  shall  itself  call  for 
their  aid:— Assurances  on  this  head  are  absplutely 
necessary  to  tranquilize  tlic  people,  and  to  induce 
them  tobear  with  courage  so  great    a  burden. 

The  diet  believes,  that  it  has  answered,  by  tliese 
explanations,  the  expectations  of  tlieir  excellencies 
tlic  ministers,  at  the  same  time  that  it  shews  its 
confidence  in  the  justice  and  magnanimity  of  _  the 
monarchs  who  have  but  lately  taken  such  an  inte- 
rest in  the  fate  of  this  cou,ntry,  and  thus  acquire 
fresh  claims  to  its  gratitude, 

"If  there  is  now  any  thing  to  be  done  according 
to  the  principles  above  explained,  in  order  to  fix  in 
a  m.ore  preci!<e  manner  the  political  relations  of  the 
confederation  of  the  allied  powers,  during  tlie  con- 
tinuance of  the  present  war,  and  at  tiie  same  time 
to  agree  on  the  conditions  of  its  system  of  defence^ 
the  diet  is  ready  to  hear  these  overtures;  it  hi* 
commissioned  Messrs.  the  burgomaster  Wyss,  thp 
avoyor  Mcrlinen,  and  the  burgomaster  Weiland,  to 
enter  into  a  negociation  with  ?*!essrs.  the  ministers, 
upon  these  two  points,  which  are  essentially  insepa- 
rable. Rut  in  every  case  the  right  is  reserved  to 
the  cantons  to  take  a  defmite  resolution  on  this 
head,  and  to  give  these  arrHUgements  legal  validityt 
by  constitutionally  confirming  them." 
Zunch,  May  12,  1815. 


Pans  date':,  J'd:/  "29,  by  an 'arrival  at  New  York 
from  Havre  de  Grace — 

There  v/as  a  stronj,^  report  at  Havre  de  Grace, 
that  tlie  French  armies  having  shewn  some  symp- 
toms of  hostility,  20,000  Prussians  had  been  detail- 
ed toyn-event  a  junction  of  two  of  the  Frcncli  di- 
visions (probably  that  which  retired  from  Paris  and 
the  army  under  Siicfiet)—\vho  were  attacked  by  the 
i^iCui:^  \rA   "almg.'it  ^nni^hilated;"   and  -that  ^'^. 


KILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


41 


\7aggo.ns  kid  been  put  in  requisition  to  bring  oft 
the  wounded.  It  is  added  tliat  the  account  was 
not  permitted  to  appeal-  in  the  Paris  papers. 

The  duke  of  Orleans  arrived  at  Paris  from  his 
roimtry  scat  near  London,  on  the  23tli  July,  and  was 
received  "graciously"  hy  tlie  kins'.  The  duke  of 
F^hmuhl  had  not  yet  arrived  in  Paris,  as  was  re- 
ported. He  was  still  with  the  arm.v,  which  is  con- 
•ficntrating'  in  'Bevvy  and  AuveTgnie.  Many  parts  of 
jFrp.nce  appear  to  be  in  great  agitation.  The  corps 
of  Eccelmans  *is  in  Rion,  witli  a  fine  park  of  ar- 
tillery. Lucien  Bonaparte  has  been  arrested  at  Tu- 
rin, Curnot  has  retired  to  Switzerland.  There  is 
a  report  of  tlie  arrival  of  the  empresses  of  Russia 
and  Austria  r^t  Paris, 

Independence  and  sovereignty  of  France!  It  ap- 
peal's that  a  Iju'ge  part  of  th.e  allied  iu-mies  in 
JPrance  are  goii^g  into  cantonments.  It  is  said  that 
the  emperor  of  Russia  and  tlie  king  of  Prussia 
have  hired  boxes  for  three  7iwntha  in  tliq  Paris  thea- 
,tres.  TJie  white  fag,  the  national  flag  of  France, 
is  to  buve  for  its  staf^  Bussian  and  I'russian  bayo- 
nets.    This  is  "legitimate"  liberty. 

Paris  is  divided  into  12  p:a'ts  or  arondissements; 
^  h;tve  Prussian  comma:id''mts  and  6  English. 

Pimislment  of  France.  Example,  says  the  Lon- 
don Sun,  is  the  object  of  punishment.  Yes,  France 
must  be  .in  sxample,  not  only  to  lierself,  but  to  the 
ivorld.  We  have  but  one  enemy,  our  o\\"n  magnani- 
jnity.  The  first  object  is  to  place  France  in  her 
pre-revohitionary  condition.  She  must  give  up 
s^ome  of  her  original  possessions;  "her  triumphal 
columns  and  arches"  must  be  destroyed;  the  boast- 
ful names  by  which  she  commemor.ated  victories 
must  be  effaced,  and  the  foreign  titles  wliich  she 
ji^ave  toiler  successful  leaders,  must  be  relinquish- 
ed. Prance  must  yet  submit  farther:  she  must  give 
up  her  northern  fortresses;  she  must  dismantle  her 
frontiers;  she  must  disorganize  her  soldiery;  she 
jnust  maintain  within  her  territory  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  the  allied  troops;  she  must  put  down  the 
^vhole  tribe  of  her  jacobins  and  Bonapartists;  she 
ITiust  divest  them  of  tlieir  plunder  and  dismiss  them 
fi-om  her  councils.  We  desire  to  punish  her,  not 
ixi  retaliation  or  revenge,  [oh!  no;  England  iw  too 
christian  for  that;]  but  in  justice  and  necessity." 

Another  paper  observes: 

The  following  adlierents  of  Bonaparte,  and  who, 
jointly  with  their  master,  caused  all  the  recent 
nloodshed  at  Vv'at  erloo,  are  probably  now  strutting 
about  unmolested  in  Paris;  they  are  wortli  at  least 
a  million  sterling  each,  viz.  Masscna,  Savary,  R-app, 
grune,  Soult,  Suchet,  Ney,  Davoust,  Cambaccres, 
llcEderer,  Decrcs,  Fouche,  Montalivct,  Ciiaptal, 
Ihibois,  (ex-prefect  of  police)  Guadin,  Champagny, 
Maret,  Caulincourt,  and  the  soi-dis;uit  queen  of  Hol- 
land. How  many  widows  and  orphans  co.uld  be  fed 
and  clotJied  from  the  confiscation  of  their  ill-got- 
ten wealtli. 

Qj^I  have  not  the  least  objection  to  tlie  reduc- 
tion of  the  property  of  these  men;  but  it  is  right 
ulways  to  begui  the  work  of  reformation  at  home. — 
Let  the  British  trv  wh;it  miglit  be  done  in  this  way 
in  their  own  country — -let  them  confiscate  the  pro- 
perty of  their  bishops  and  other  placemen  andpen- 
aioners — and  try  their  effect  of  the  wealth  to  relieve 
their  own  millions  of  paupers.  This  seems  most  na- 
tural. 

A  letfr  from  Bordeaux,  .zai's: — "It  is  said  that 
the  treaty  of  Paixs  has  been  renewed  between  Louis 
XVm  and  the  allied  monai-chs,  with  the  addition 
that  the  former  is  to  maintain  100,000  of  their  troops 


humiliating  terms,  the  country  may  be  ti-anquil  hf 
force  of  arms  for  several  years. 

From  a  late  English  paper.  A  letter  ftom  Paris 
of  the  12th  inst.  mentions  tliat  the  duke  of  Welling- 
ton had  t.aken  an  active  part  to  protect  not  only 
the  national  ei.lifices»  but  to  prevent  every  kind  of 
extortion. 

A  letter  of  the  14th,  states  tlie  following  par- 
ticulai-s: — "marshal  Blucher,  finding  his  demand  in 
the  way  of  contribution  to  the  amount  of  lUO  mil- 
lions of  francs  disregarded,  caused  a  letter  to  be 
addressed  to  Lafitte,  M.  Tourton,  M.  Rougemont, 
M.  de  la  Serre,  M.  Shu-er,  and  M.  Koch,  stating  that 
the  contribution  required  must  be  forthcoming;  that 
thc_v,  as  opulent  bankers,  witJi  the  ci-edit  they  pos- 
sessed were  competent  to  produce  it;  and  that  un- 
less 3:5  millions  of  francs  the  fiyst  instalment  crone 
third  of  the  amount  were  discharged  within  241inurs. 
they  would  be  arrested  and  retained  as  hostages  for 
the  whole  sum.  It  was,  we  understand,  further 
iaiimated  to  these  gentlemen,  &c.  thai  if  any  dis- 
position was  shown  to  avoid  the  contribution  or 
procrastinate  the  liquidation  of  it,  they  sho^ild  be  conr 
veyed  to  Prusda  andsecnredin  the  fortress  of  Spavdav. 
In  this  dilemma  the  bankers  of  Paris,  with  other  in-, 
habit  nts  had  addressed  themselves  to  the  empcroi" 
Alexander  and  tlie  king  of  Prussia,  appeali;ig  to 
their  generodty  and  referring  to  the  military  con- 
vention under  which  Paris  v/as  surrendered. 

English  Gipsies.     We  have  the  following  notice  pi 
a  hiuit  after  this  singulai-  people,  in  the  London  Tra 
vellcr  of  July  24: 

Gipsey  Hunt.  On  Sunday  the  police  ovFicers  at- 
tacked the  Gipsey  encampment  at  Xorwood,  from 
which  they  made  a  precipitate  retreat;  they  liow- 
evcr  captured  three  coachloads,  together  with  their 
queen  and  princes  Thonins  .ind  John!  The  ofRcers 
were  attacked  by  a  rallying  party  of  about  49,  in  an. 
attempt  at  rescue,  in  which  they  failed.  They  were 
committed  as  vagrants. 

Paris,  Jtdy  29.  The  papers  announce  that  peace 
waa  signed  yesterday  or  tlie  d.iy  before.  We  cannot 
yet  confirm  this  pleasing  news. 

It  has  also  been  announced  th.'it  the  Vendeans 
have  joined  the  army  of  the  Loire.  This  news  is 
positively  denied  by  a  declaration  of  the  Vendean 
chiefs,  dated  at  Beauprcnd,  the  19th  instant. 

IMarshal  Brune  lias,  it  is  said,  retii-ed  to  Toulon^ 
where  he  awaits  the  orders  of  the  king. 

The  kingh;is  issued  a  decree  on  the  21st  Instant, 
ordering  the  arrest  and  delivery  to  the  councils  of 
war,  to  be  judged  according  to  military  law,  of  all 
general  officers  and  other  military  commanders  of 
departments  and  cities  wivo  have  repressed  or  shall 
repress,  by  violence  or  force  of  arms,  the  cxpres- 
slons  of  the  fidelity  of  the  people  towards  his  ma- 
jesty. 

Aleng.o?\,  Jidy  25. — A  p.arty  of  4O0  Prussian  caval- 
ry have  entered  here,  and  demanded  forthv.ith  the 
sum  of  400,000  fi-iJics. 

Soissons,  July  27. — For  some  days  past  the  R us-, 
sian  videttes  have  adv.anccd  very  near  to  this  city. 
Our  garrison  is  aljout  4000  men.  The  white  iA,\g  is 
constantly  flying  on  our  public  edifices.  It  appears 
that  our  commander  is  determined  not  to  yield  tlic 
place  to  the  allies  hut  in  the  hist  extremity. 

A'dvers,  July  21. — Our  city  is  occupied  by  the 
Austrians.  We  are  overwhelmed  by  requisitions 
of  ;dl  kinds. 

Bluis,  July  23. — Our  city  and  all  its  envu-ons,  have 
been  disarmed  by  the  Prussi.m  corp.';. 

Toulon,  July  24. — This  morning,  all  the   militai'V 
and  civil   officers  of  the  marine,  at  tliis  port,  have 
in  France  for  5  years,  at  the  cxpence  of  500,000,000  ,  addressed  a  respectful  submission  to  tlie  king.  The 
^f  frim^.s,    If  the  French  pcopJie   descend  to  .suchwiiite  \\a^  has  bsenhoistedj  ;uid  the  English  squad- 


42    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16,  1815, 


Ton  which  was  in  sij^ht  of  the  port,  saluted  the 
flag  as  soon  as  tliey  saw  it  flyhig  on  the  forts  and 
fortresses. 

MAXIFISTO  OF    THE    'EMFEllDR  OP    HtTSSIA. 

St.  Petersburffli,  Jwne  17. — The  following  is  the 
manifesto  published  by  his  imperial  majesty  from 
Vienna: — 

"The  sense  of  religion,  that  rich  source  of  na- 
tional strength  which  has  prevailed  in  Russia  since 
the  oldest  times,  vanquished,  in  the  fice  of  the 
whole  world,  and  for  the  delivcrence  of  Europe, 
the  destructive  infidelity — the  mischief-working 
corruption  of  morals — the  sad  deviation  from  the 
right  path  to  which  the  human  understanding  is 
.subject. 

"This  never-to-be-forgotten  conquest  and  tri- 
Timph,  to  which  history  furnished  no  parallel,  must 
in  justice,  be  ascribed  to  the  generous  saciifices 
and  heroic  deeds  by  which  the  faithful  sons  of  our 
«)unU'y  have  testified  their  love  and  devotion.  It 
united  all  Europcm  nations  in  indisssoluble  bonds, 
and  harinop.ized  all  then-  views  and  prejudices, 
which  till  then  had  been  at  varimce,  by  directing 
them  to  the  only  useful  object,  a  desired  and  duri;- 
ble  peace,  wliich  might  be  firmly  er^blished  in  the 
legal  dvantagcs  granted  to  each  power,  and  on 
intsmalmstitutitions  protecting  the  welfai-e  and  in- 
dei  en  'ence  of  nations. 

"With  hea.-tfeit  joy  we  annoimcc  to  our  beloved 
subjtcti-,  that  all  conventions  tending  to  the  good 
of  the.  s\,.te  have  been  concluded  in  conformity  with 
this  principle,  and  the  object  which  we  propo-^e. 

<«Iti3  not  vain  covetousness  which  has  induced  us 
to  seek  an  extcnsior.  of  o\u*  frontiers — such  a  feeling 
would  have  been  imiiatural  in  one  who  had  t.dccn 
arms-to  defend  the  country,  but  not  to  make  con- 
cjuests.  The  unconquerable  strength  of  the  Rus- 
sian empire,  founded  upon  religion,  loyalty,  and 
prosperity,  cannot  be  increased  by  external  acqui- 
sitions. The  union  of  the  for  greater  part  of  the  late 
duchy  of  Warsaw  under  one  sceptre,  has  proved  to 
be  absolutely  necessarj-  for  tlie  establishment  of  a 
general  balance  of  power  and  of  order  in  Europe. 
By  this  measure,  the  safety  of  our  frontiers  is  insu- 
red— a  firm  barrier  is  erected  against  interruption  of 
peace  and  hostile  attempts,  and  tlie  bonds  of  fra- 
ternity formed  between  nations,  tmited  togetlier  by 
one  common  origm. 

"For  this  reason  we  have  thought  proper  to  fix  the 
fate  of  this  country,  and  re-establish  the  internal 
administration  upon  principles  suitable  to  tlic  lan- 
guage and  customs  of  the  inliabitants,  and  adapted 
to  their  local  situation.  Following  tiie  precepis  of 
tlie  Christian  religion,  whose  dominion  extends 
over  so  many  nations,  yet  maintains  at  the  same  time 
their  distinguishing 'qualities  and  customs — we 
cherish  the  M'ish  while  we  prepare  this  welfare  of 
otir  new  subject,  to  inspire  tlieir  hearts  with  sen- 
timents of  attachment  to  our  throne,  and  thus  to 
efface  for  ever  the  traces  of  past  misfortunes,  wliicli 
were  caused  by  fatal  disimion,  and  the  long  struggle. 

But  at  the  moment  when  we  tliought  of  retuni- 
ing  to  otu-  happy  countr,-,  and  of  enjoying  the  peace 
earned  by  such  "painful  cares,  a  new  w:u- is  kindled, 
preordained  by  tlie  impenetrable  councils  of  tlie 
Almighty.  His  kbd  Providence,  which  rules  over 
us,  w'lich  changes  even  evil  into  good,  permitted 
tlie  rebellious  spirit  that  was  concealed  in  France, 
to  burst  forth,  just  at  the  time  when  the  sovereigns 
and  people,  in  a  state  of  powerful  prcpai-ation,  wore 
watchful  that  by  their  united  power,  wickedness 
may  be  wholly  extirpated,  the  harvest  cleared  from 
the  weeds,  and  the  precious  fruit  of  inviolable 
peace  flourish  among  tlie  powers,  who  observe  thej 
Taws  of  tlie  Chi-istian  fiith  and  t^ uth. 


"  Russia  also,  elevated  by  religion,  is  called  upon, 
to  talce  arms;  and  attentive  to  tliis  call,  again  enters 
the  career  of  glory.  The  perfidious  plan  of  Napo- 
leon Bonaparte — the  treaclteiy  wliich  has  favored 
his  audacious  enterprise — the  rapidity  of  his  perni- 
cious progress,  aiming  at  the  overthrow  oF  societj', 
of  religion,  and  of  law;  all  these  reasons  forbid  the 
authorities  established  by  the  Rulers  of  Empires 
to  recognise,  in  the  midst  of  general  order,  a  gov- 
ernment whicii  is  founded  on  breach  of  faith  and  vio- 
lence. For  this  reason,  all  the  powers  again  form 
an  indissoluble  union,  in  order  to  annihilate  the 
t}Tannic  power  which  has  made  itself  master  of 
France,  and  thereby  to  prevent  fresh  miseries.  Not 
only  tlie  engagements  of  f-iendship,  btit  also  tlie 
honor  of  the  Empire  call  upon  us  to  defend  the 
rightful  cause;  it  cannot  be  f")reign  to  Russia,  which 
from  time  immemorial,  has  combated  for  religion 
and  fidelity.  In  obedience  to  this  sacred  voice, 
we  go  with  the  help  of  the  most  High,  to  new  deeds. 
The  fruit  of  such  great  a:id  glorious  victories  will 
not  be  lost. 

"  Resolved  to  share  every  danger  and  privation 
with  oiu"  victorious  army,  we  place  our  firm  con^' 
fidence  in  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  in  the  protector  of 
the  Just.  It  is,  indeed,  painful  to  our  heart  tp 
prolong  our  absence  from  the  country,  but  we 
firmly  trust  in  the  divine  favour,  which  every  where, 
protects  us,  that  this  absence  will  be  of  short 
duration. 

"  The  attacliment  and  devotion  of  all  the  authori- 
ties in  tlie  Empire,  animated  by  only  one  feeling 
and  tl^g^  valor  of  our  troops,  will  crown  the  work. 
wi:ich  we  have  before  us  with  the  desired  success.. 
All  tlie  European  powers  will  act  in  concert  wltU 
us. 

"  In  the  days  of  danger  and  glory,  when  the  raging 
enemy,  who  had  penetrated  over  our  frontiers, 
thought  in  his  infatuation  to  strike  a  deadly  blow 
against  Russia — when  Europe,  subject  to  his  yoke, 
rose  against  us — we  invoked  the  Almighty,  and 
implored  him  to  turn  his  e3'e  on  the  church  in 
mourning,  to  deliver  his  inheritance,  and  endow  us 
with  strength  to  triumph  over  wickedness  and 
deceit,  to  protect  the  independence  of  nations  and 
their  rulers.  Tlie  .Most  Hi£rh  heard  the  voice  of 
our  prayers,  his  right  hand  guided  Russia  in  the 
career  of  glory;  no,  we  will  not  deviate  fi-om  it,,  and 
his  gracious  care  for  us  will  be  completed." 


Or,  matters  belong'ing  to  the  late  -xar  zvilh  G.  Ji. 
Adjutayit  and  Innpector  GetieruVs  office,  Sept.  7,  1815. 

General  onnEU. — The  several  laws  and  articles, 
of  war  relative  to  brevet  rank,  having  been  duly 
considered  by  the  president  of  tlie  United  States, 
lie  is  pleased  to  direct,  for  the  futiu-e  government 
of  the  army,  that  commissions  in  the  staff  shall 
confer  neither  rank  or  emolument  to  officers  of  tlie 
line  who  liold  brcvct.s  by  virtue  of  appointments  in 
the  general  stall"  of  the  army,  wiiicii  are  superceded 
by  the  act  of  Miuxh  3,  1815.     By  order, 

D.  PARKER,  Mj.  mid  hiB.  gen. 

We  learn  from  the  south,  (say.s  the  National  In- 
telligencer)  tiiat  600  troops  are  about  to  march  from 
Fort  Hawkins  tr>  attend  the  commissioners  in  i-un- 
ning  the  boundary  line  of  the  Creek  nation,  which, 
it  is  believed,  will  consume  several  months.     The 


Georgia 


•Toiu-nal   states,   tliat  this   large  force  is 


required  by  the  threatened  opposition  of  tlie  hostile 
Indians,  who  have  taken  refuge  in  Florida.  Those 
Indians  who  are  considered  friendly,  are  not  well 
fiatisficd  with  lo^'inj  tho  large  portion  of  territory 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


4S 


■R^Mch  Ihev  ceded  by  tlie  treaty;  but  from  them, 
though  they  murmiu-,  no  molestation  is  apprehend- 
ed. '  ^         , 

MEssn";.  GAttATix  and  Clay  partook  of  a  splen- 
e  d  piii)lic  dinner,  at  Tiimmany  H;;!!,  New- York,  on 
the  5th  instant,  Judge  livinp^ston  presided;  the 
company  was  of  the  first  respectability.  Among' 
the  invited  guests  were  A.  J.  Dallas,  secretary  of 
the  treasury,  Rufus  King,  Esq.  the  mayor  of  the 
city,  general  Macomb  and  general  Swift. 

Among  others  the  following  toasts  were  drank  : 
Tin  United  5'/or«— May  the  chain  of  our  union  never  be  broken 
—It  has  lieen  brightened,  not  wealiencd,  by  eollision. 

Pe.ice  niak:  IS  whose  couuu-y  awards  them  the  laurel  when  they 
present  her  llie  olive. 

-  The  meimnj  of  the  late  Joints  A.  P.ayard— The  country  which 
f  nitiinibs  his  ashes,  laments  his  death,  and  will  ever  remeuiber  his 
«ervices. 

-  The  American  Sinc-guornon—Ttie.  rii^hts  of  onr  coiinti?. 

The  Status  fast  Bellum—We  have  cliaracter,  peace,  commei-ce, 
■Wealth,  liberty  ami  indepeiiden-e. 

Foreign  TO^'o»i— Faieniies  in  war.  in  peace  fripivds;  may  our  at- 
tachment to  peace  never  be  mistaken  fjran  undue  dread  of  war. 

The  American  Eagle— In  her  desire  to  retain  the  Olive  Branch, 
tnay  she  nevt  r  lose  lier  aiTows. 

i  Commerce— We  desire  from  it  the  enjoyments  of  peace,  and  it 
•ffords  us  Lilt;  sinews  of  war. 

The  fVeuUh  of  iW(o;ii— Liberty. 

The  Priiici//les  </ ;raiAi;(^*o/i— Honor,  faith,  union  and  indepen- 
dence. ,       .    , 

The\9Stars—A.hrisht  constellation  in  tlie  western  hemisphere. 


ceeded  with  proper  music,  to  the  meeting-house- 
It  was  unusually  crowded.  The  discourse  was 
concise,  nervous  and  feeling;  and  reiiects  the  great- 
est honor  on  Mr.  Hart.  When  the  service  .and 
ceren.ony  of  the  churcli  were  finished,  the  assembly 
again  formed  procession,  and  moved  to  the  battery, 
where  Mr.  Hart  pronounced  a  short  prayer. 

Animated  by  the  impressions  whicii  the  time  anfi 
place  could  not  but  revive,  the  people  in  their 
fervor  gave  three  cheers,  nnd  each  retired  to  his 
respective  abode. 

On  PYiday  evening  a  grand  anniversar}'  ball  was 
given;  the  assembly  being  both  numerous  and 
JDrilliimt.  ■  J\^.  Y.  Col. 

HoxoTis. — Among  those  on  whom  the  prince  r^•^ 
gent  of  England  has  recently  confeiTcdthe  insignia 
of  the  "most  honorable  order  of  the  Bath,"  are  sir 
Philip  P.  B.  Broke,  and  the  foul  villain  Cockbiiru, 
The  first  in  reward  for  the  capture  of  the  Chesa- 
peake, and  the  second  for — robbing  hen  roosts  and 
church  yard  vaults. 

Immense  compliment!  If  tlie  following,  from 
the  London  Globe,  is  not  too  stupid  for  the  purpose, 
it  contains  the  liighest  compliment  th.at  has  yet 
been  paid  to  the  American  navy.  Eight  or  ten  na- 
val battles  were  fought  with  pretty  nearly  an  equalir 


»i-ouilioiiitofr.edo.>i,bl.istin5  to  tyranny.  .  ,  i  *v  of  forre     in  -ill  whioh    \vf>  hf^Tt '*hp    Pno-li^h but 

TAeT/ef  o//.!.Vrty-Imlig.no«$  in  our  country,  may  it  flourish  '  '>  ^^   loice,   m  au  W  !acn    \\C  Deat  die    t^nglisn— DUL 

berevrtraiuplaiitd,  and  br.ive  every  politieai  tempest.  the    accidental   Capture  of  the  Chesapeake  li  com- 

pared with  the  battle  of  Waterloo! 


Our gr.Udtit  Tars—They  have  maile  their  country  proud  of  its 
flag:  aiul  of  them. 

The  army  nf  the  United  States— Us  courage  was  never  subdued, 
j)nJ  wlien  ilisciplined  it  eoiiqiured. 

Our  Militia  and  Volunteers— They  proved  that  a  free  country 
1»ill  never  want  ^-illant  tlefcuders. 

Bij  Mr.  Gallatin— The  city  ol  N'w-York. 

£y  Mr.  Clay—The 3ih  of  January,  I'.IS. 

After  thi  i^uests  had  retired. 

By  the  President— Out  distinguisheil  £uests,  Albert  Gallatin  and 
Jlenrv  Clay. 

By  tfic  Freiident,  Judge  Livingston— Tlu-  late  war,  may  it  make 
tti^"  bellig  rents  lietter  friends. 

Byt)ie  hon,  Mr.  Dallas— The  lesjon  of  the  war,  preparation  in 
2>Lace. 

fly  the  hon,  Mr.  King— The  public  credit,  sustained  by  equal 
taxts  and  a  uniform  currency. 

By  Mr.  h'airl^—Commoiiore  Decatur,  and  our  negociators  in 
-the  Mediterranean. 

"The  rt\cE  PAnTT." — The  following  paragraph  i^ 
extracted  from  a  Portsmouth  (Eng.)  paper,  which» 
noticing  the  arrival  there  of  the  troops  from  Canada> 
has  a  number  of  rem.arks  on  the  state  of  tlie  country,' 
8cc. — it  is  an  infamous  record  of  those  who  affected 
to  love  peace  so  well  as  to  do  all  thej'  could  to  assist 
the  British  in  M'inning  it,  by  the  subjugation  of  the 
United  States — 

"\\"aen  the  army  arrived  in  Canada,  from  being  a 
remarkable  cheap  country,  every  article  of  the  first 
necessity  became  remarkabl}'  dear,  in  some  places 
not  to  be  had;  there  was  only  sufficient  for  the  in- 
habitants themselves;  the  qu.antity  consumed  by  the 
nev.'  comers  created  a  scarcity,  and  bvt  for  the  Ameri- 
cans, who  furniahed  svpplies  of  fresh  beef  and  flour,  the 
army  could  vot  have  been  supported." 

A  sAiLOii's  XOTION. — It  is  Stated  that  a  few  days 
since  a  vessel  entering  the  Hook  (New-York)  and 
■not  coming  too  as  ordered  by  a  British  frigate,  was 
fired  into  !  The  wind  dying  away,  she  vi'as  after- 
wai-ds  boai-ded  from  "Ins  majesty's"  ship  and  over- 
^aided.  Tl\e  boarding  officer  said  they  were  or- 
dered to  let  no  vessel  pass  without  examination.  On 
•R-hich  a  sailor  observed;  "lie  guessed  the  order 
•would  not  be  enforced  if  the  Guerriere  happened 
to  come  that  way." 

Celebration  at  Stoning-ton. — Thursday,  the  10th 
of  July,  being  tlic  anniversary  of  tl;c  dav  on  which 
the  inhabitants  so  gallantly  beat  olf  a  British  brig 
of  war,  was  appointed  as  a  day  of  tlianksgivlng  and 
prayer.  A  procession  was  formed  at  the  battery, 
{where  flo.tted  the  colors  that  were  a  vcar  ago  so 
Aohiy  defended;  and,  with  tJie  rev.  Mr  Hart  pro- 


"Remarkable  Similarity 

in  two  J 

Recent  Achievments. 
WELLIXGTOX  at  W.aterloo;  BROKE  at 
Boston  Light-house. 

BOTH 

preferred  waiting  the  attack  to  becoming  tlie 

assailant: 

WELLINGTON,  when  he  saw  confusion  in  the  ener 

my's   retreat; 
BROKE,  when  the  enemy  flinched  from  his  guns, 
rushed  on  like  a  lion  from  liis  den; 
(the  former  in  3  liours,  the  latter  in  3  minutes) 
drove  all  before  them. 
The  result, 
SIGNAL  AND  DECISIVE  VICTORY. 
Skill  and  bravery  so  consummate, 
while  it  adds  lustre 
to  the  military  and  naval  glory  of  the 
L^nited  Kingdom, 
cannot  fail  to  obtain,  through 
Divine  Providence, 
the  legitimate  end  of  W-ai- — safe  and 
honorable  Peace." 
One  centleman,    even  in  the  "Bulti-ark."     From 
the  London  Courier  of  July  21.' — About  the  begin- 
ning of  July,  1814,  a  small  vessel   was  captured  by 
the  boats   of  his    miijesty's    ship  Bulwarlc,  on   the 
coast  of  America;  a  gentleman  of  tlie  name  of  Bui- 
LAKD   was  a  pxsscngci",  and  detained  a  few  d.ays  on 
bo.u-d  the  Bulwark.     After  he  was  sent  to  Halifax, 
it  was  discovered  that  the  lieutenant's  boy,  hi  wliose 
cabin  he    had  occasionally  been,    liad    stolen  some 
money  from  liim.     As  no  account  coidd  be  got  of 
Mr.  BuUard  at  Halifax,  if  he  v.'ill  send  proper  docu- 
ments to  prove  lie  is  the  person,  to  Messrs.  Cooke, 
Halford  &  Son,  No.  41,  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  Lon- 
don, the  money  will  be  restored. 


CHRONICLE. 

Peace  --.riTH  Algiers — Decatur  has  certainly  madt- 
peace  with  Algiers — the  terms  are  yet  imkno\\n34 
but  we  understand  they  were  such  as  he  pleased  to 
dictate,  and  we  are  satisfied  for  tlie  j)resent.  Re- 
port says  that  he  liad  captured   two  Algerine  frJ- 


44i    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16,  181S. 


gates,  two  sloops  of  war,  and  smaller  vessels;  that  he 
had  made  a  treaty  by  which  no  tribute  is  to  be  g-iv- 
en;  adding'  that  he  had  notified  the  Americans  at  Ca- 
diz, &c.  that  they  might  navigate  the  Mediterranean 
in  safety. 

The  vessels  taken  from  tlie  Algerines  were  to  be 
given  back,  but  were  afccrv/ards  seized  by  the  Spa- 
niards. 

The  AjTicrican  prisoners  in  Algiers  were  released 
without  ransom,  and  cupt,  Smith,  of  Salem,  was  paid 
§15,000  for  his  detention.  The  Independence,  com. 
Bainbridgc,  had  passed  Gibraltar,  and  Decatur,  wi'Ji 
his  squadron  proceeded  to  Tripoli. 

Frmn  the  Lejcin^ton  Gazette  of  August  28.  A  j^en- 
tleman  who  has  just  arrived  from.  StLiOuis,  informs 
■J.hat  a  TBEATF  OF  PEACE  lias  been  negociated  with 
Ihe  hostile  tribes  of  Indians  in  that  quarter,  and 
that  depredations  on  the  frontiers  had  ceased.  Col. 
Miller's  regiment  was  ordered  to  Detroit,  and  is  to 
be  replaced  by  the  one  commanded  by  colonel  Ni- 
cholas. 

Tlie  U.  S.  frigate  Java,  capt.  Perry,  has  arrived  at 
New  York,  from  Uie  Chesapeake, 

The  wliite  flag  was  re-hoisted  on  board  the 
French  frigate  Ilermione,  at  New-York,  a  (^^w  tbys 
since,  under  a  royal  salute  ;  which  v/as  returned  Ijv 
the  forts  in  the  harbor. 

A  great  number  of  vessels,  especially  British, 
have  been  recently  wrecked  on  the  Americ.m 
coasts  ;  and  many  lives  have  been  lost. 

Joseph  Bonaparte,  ex-king  of  Spain,  arrived  in 
Baltimore  on  I'hursdaj'  last  on  his  way  to  the  souUi- 
\vard  from  New  York,  where  it  appears  he  bad  land- 
ed some  days  since  from  a  brig  bound  to  Charles- 
ton S.  C.  The  particulars  of  his  escape  are  not 
stated,  but  thcj'C  is  no  doubt  of  tlie  f xt  tliat  he  was 
in  Baltimore  on  Thursday  last  and  left  it  tlie  same 
day  for  Washington  city.  It  is  repoi'ted  he  is  about 
to  purchase  an  estate  in  New  Jersey,  and  that  lie  is 
rich. 

Custom-house  receipts.  The  duties  on  imported 
goods  entered  at  the  custom-house  in  New  York, 
in  the  months  of  April,  May  and  June,  r.mount  to 

nearly   foiu*  millions  of  dollars The  following 

statement  for  these  months,  is  authentic;  the  ac- 
counts for  July  is  not  vet  made  up: 

April  ,  ',  ,  .  500,000 
May  .  .  ,  .  1,300,000 
June  ,        ,        ,        .    2,139,000 


Total  .         .         3,939,000 

(Xl/'It  Is  probable  tliat  tlie  duties  on  goods  receiv- 
ed ill  July  will  exceed  those  of  June,  and  those  of 
August  and  September  be  greater  than  cither.  An 
immense  business  is  doing  in  A'e-w  Vork,  It  is  said 
to  Lc  as  busy  as  the  busiest  part  of  London.  This 
will  probably,  and  very  soon  be,  one  of  tlie  greatest 
cities  in   the  world. 

Vermont  election.  It  is  probable,  from  the  re- 
turns of  votes  that  have  reached  us,  tiiat  the  re- 
publican ticket  for  governor,  &c.  has  prevailed  in 
Vermont  by  an  unprecedented  majority — Mr.  Chit- 
tenden, the  present  governor,  giving  place  to  Mr. 
Galusha,  ^ep.  The  return  of  35  towns  gives  a  re- 
publican nett  g-ain  of  503  votes. 

Water-melons.  120  water-melons,  raised  in  New- 
Jei'sey,  by  a  Mr.  Browning,  were  recently  offered 
for  sale  in  tlie  Piiiladelphia  market,  the  average 
weight  cf  which  was  supposed  to  be  nearly  50  lbs. 
The  largest  weighed  56  lbs. 

Buffalo,  September  5.  The  Brllisli  government 
armed  schooner  Tecumseh,  was  dismasted  by  a  gale 
on  Saturday  last,  in  siglit  of  this  port.  She  had 
■■bout  100  men  onboard,  but  v.e  understand  ito  Ijvcs 


were  lost.  She  returned  to  fort  Erie  the  same  dav 
under  jury  masts,  and  proceeded  to  the  navy  yafd 
at  Cliippcwa,  where  she  is  repairing. 

IvLWD  N-AViGATiox.  Seiieca  Lock». — We  have  Uie 
satisfaction  to  state  (says  the  Geneva  Gazette)  that 
on  the  23d  August,  the"  first  boat  (about  70  feet  ia  * 
length)  went  through  the  two  upper  locks  on  the 
Seneca  falls,  loaded  with  upwards  of  one  hundred 
persons,  in  presence  of  a  great  number  of  specta- 
tors, collected  from  different  parts  of  the  country. 
The  boat,  having  entered  the  guard  lock,  went 
throtigh  the  new  canal,  nearly  3-4ths  of  a  mile  in 
lengtli,  and  descended  the  two  locks  in  26  minutes 
— then  turned  about  in  the  Seneca  river  and  re-, 
ascended  the  locks  in  9  mitiutes — all  wliich  no 
doubt  will  be  accomplished  hereafter  in  much  less 
time,  considering  that  every  thing  was  new,  and  m.a* 
naged  by  hands  unacquainted  with  lock  navigation 
concerns,  the  ai-chitect,  Mr.  Marshal  Lewis,  ex- 
cepted, whose  faithful  exertions  deserve  the  high- 
est praise.  The  workmanship  of  these  locks,  as  it 
respects  solidity  and  neatness,  is  probably  not  ex- 
ceeded by  any  heretofore  constructed.  The  locks, 
canals  and  dams,  as  f^r  down  as  colonel  Msmder's 
old  mills,  will,  no  doubt,  be  completed  before  win- 
ter; and  the  remainder,  near  and  below  the  colo- 
nel's new  mill,  will  in  all  probability  pass  inspec- 
tion by  the  middle  of  next  season.  The  completioa 
of  these  locks,  will  be  important,  not  only  as  it 
respects  the  advantages  which  this  village  will 
derive  from  it,  but  in  particular,  the  conver.ience 
of  transportation  for  the  immeitse  counti-y  west  of 
this. 

J\'eiv-York,  September  11.  The  steam  frigate  '*Ful' 
tqn  tlie  First,"  got  under  way  in  the  East  river 
this  morning,  at  loxf  -ivatcr,  and  moved  majestically 
into  the  bay.  When  north  of  Castle  Williams,  tlie 
Fulton  fired  a  national  salute,  wliicli  was  retui'ned 
from  fqrt  Cokunbus,  on  Governor's  island.  The 
spectacle  gave  great  dclig^it  t©  hundreds  assembled 
on  the  Battex)'.  As  soon  as  the  smoke  had  cleared 
away,  the  steam  frigate  was  seen  ploughing  her 
way  with  steadiness  and  speed.  The  wind  being 
ahead  and  no  tide  in  her  favor,  the  trial  made  to- 
day must  remove  the  doubts  that  hiherto  lingered 
in  the  breasts  of  a  few.  [It  is  stated  that  during 
the  whole  time  she  w^as  under  way,  she  made  at  tlie 
rate  of  5  1-2  knots  per  houi-!] 

Plattsbiirg,  August  6.  The  new  steam-boat  has 
commenced  running  fromWhitehall  to  St.  John's,  on 
Lake  Cliamplain.  We  understand  this  boat  is  fit- 
ted up  in  a  style  not  inferior  to  those  on  the  North 
River. 

Decisions  in  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  London.—^ 
S.VALL  rox.  Two  convictions  lately  occurred  in 
tliis  court  for  spreading  the  infection  of  small-pox. 
The  first  is  that  of  Sophia  Vantandillo,  charged  in 
the  indictment  with  carrying  her  infant  son  int© 
the  streets,  &c.  in  an  infectious  stage  of  the  small- 
pox. She  concealed  the  fact  from  her  neighbors— 
"Near  her  house  was  a  children's  school,  and  ele- 
ven persons  caught  the  disease,  of  whom  eight  died 
— one  a  girl  of  18."  The  court  sentenced  her  to  3 
months  imprisonment  in  tlic  king's  bencli. 

2d  case.  J.  Burnett  was  tried  and  convicted,  on 
the  7th  June,  for  exposing  several  children  in  the 
streets,  in  the  infectious  stage  of  the  small-pox.—- 
He  was  sentenced  to  six  months  imprisonment.  The 
court  said,  "that  if  a  person  choose  to  inoculate  for 
the  small-pox,  it  must  be  done  in  a  mode  not  dan- 
gerous to  others.  The  person,  when  in  a  stage  of 
infection,  must  r.qt  be  carried  into  the  haunts  d? 
ff\en." 


I^ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-MACKENROT'S  MEMOIR^.  45 


Royal  Doings. 

PaiLADELPuiA,  3d  Sept.  1815. 

Ta  II.  Xiles. 

Sra— I  take  the  liberty  to  forwai-d  you  for  pub- 
lication the  enclosed  manuscript,  containing  a  full 
and  complete  detail  of  all  the  extraordinary  narra- 
tions recorded  in  the  no  leas  exti-aordinary  paniplilet 
whose  title  stands  at  the  head  of  tlie  piece.  It  was 
the  principal  souixe  of  amusement  to  tiie  author 
diu-ing-  a  recent  voyage  from  England  to  America, 
and  he  hopes  it  may  not  prove  less  amusing  to  your 
Mumerous  readers. 

With  true  respect, 


Yom-  ob't  scrv't 


A.  B. 


Secret  memoirs  of  the  honorablb  ajjdhew  coch- 
rajfe  johnstone,  of  the  honorable  vice-admiral 

SIR  ALEXANDER  COCHRjVNE,  K.  H.  AND  OF  SIR  THOMAS 
JOHN  COCHRANE,  A  CAPTAIN  IN  THE  ROTAL  NAVT; 
WITH  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CIRCUMSTANCES  WHICH 
tED  TO  THE  DISCOVERY  OF  THE  CONSPIRACY  OF  LOUD 
COtUTlANE   AND    OTHERS  TO   DEFRAUD  THE   STOCK  XX- 

CUANGE. — BY  A.  aiACKENROT. LONDOB;  PRINTED  BY 

And  FOR  THE  AUTHOR,  PALL-MALL;  AND  PUBLISHED 
BY  C.   CHAPPLE,  PALL-MALL. 1814,  p.  p.   122. 

Of  the  illustrious  trio,  whose   chai-acters  are  de- 
picied  in  such    strlkuig  colors  by  Mr.  Alackenrot, 
we  profess  to   have  no  otJier  knowledge  but  what 
public  report  has  m.ade  us  acquainted  with;  and  of 
;\i:r.  >.Iuckenrot  liimself,  we  know  no  more  than  what 
he  ha.s  toid  us  at  the  seventieth  page  of  his  pam- 
plilct,  to  wit.  that  he  was  late  a  magistrate  in  the 
island,  of  Tortola.     Unable   therefore  to  estimate 
with  accuracy  the  weight  of  character  attached  to 
either  of  the  parlies,  we  shall  not  venture  to  ex- 
press an  opinion  in  regard  to  Mr.  Mackenrot's  state- 
ments; but  proceed  at  once  to  lay  before  our  read- 
ers a  series  of  tiie  most  abandoned  acts,  that  per- 
haps were  ever  contained  within  the  compass  of  120 
pages.     The  author  has  a  short  preface,  in  which, 
deciinhig  to  employ  the  pruning  knife  of  criticism, 
and  Uie  embellishments  of  professors  in  the  art    of 
book  mukiiig;  he  humbly  trusts,  that  truth  will  be 
foiuid   preferable  to  hig^i-flown  and   labored   elo- 
qr.ence  and  style. — He  then  proceeds  to  the  secret 
memoirs  of  the  honorable  Andrew  Cochrane  John- 
stone,* professing  to  have  before  his  eyes  the  fear  of 
God,  and  the  fear  of  the  attorney-general;  and  hav- 
ing determined  to  confme  himself  lo  a  narrative  of 
facts,  such    as   came  to  his  own  immediate  know- 
ledge: (he  having  been  an  eye  witness  to  most  of  the 
occuiTences  here  related,  and  having  repeatedly  en- 
deavored to  bring  the  hon.  ofi'enders  to  public  ti-ial.) 
He  solemnly  declares,  that  he  \n-ites  merely  for  the 
purpose  of  public  justice,  ani  nottoslai\der  or  revile 
any  private  cliaracter,  being  able   and  willing  to 
pi'ove  all  his  assertions  in  any  court  of  justice.     By 
prefixing  his  name  to  this  publication,  he  bids  de- 
fiance to  all,  who  may  conceive  themselves  too   se- 
verely spoken  of,   being  persuaded   that  his  pages, 
far  from  inviting  an  ex-officio  information,  for  libel 
ft"om    the  attorney-general,  will  rather    attract  tlie 
notice  of  thi.s  crown-lawyer,  to  induce  him    to  in- 
stitute prosecutions  of  the  divers  public  wrongs  and 
ofl'ences  here  complained  of     Mr.  Mackcnrot  then 
enters  with  gi-eat  boldness  upon  the  consideration  of 
the  celebrated  Ijoax  that  was  played  oil' on  the  stock 
exchange  on  the  21st  of  February,  1814,  (and  of 
wjiich  he  appeai-s  to  have  been  the  first  informer) 


for  the  purpose  of  vindicating  the  conduct  of  "hla 
majesty's  secretary  of  state  for  the  home  depart- 
ment," during  "this  nefarious  transaction."  His 
remarks  are  chiefly  confined  to  the  legality  of  ar- 
resting M.  de  Berenger,  and  "  the  lawless  designsJ 
conceived  and  executed  by  two  members  of  the 
house  of  commons,  botli  lionorable  men,  both  guar- 
dians of  their  country."  Dispensing  however  witit 
this  part  of  the  subject  for  the  present,  we  shall  be- 
gin with  our  author's  memoirs  of  Mr.  Cochrane  John- 
stone at  that  part  of  it,  where  he  declares  that  the 
"high  powers  of  mind"  ascribed  to  the  honorable 
member,  "will  inviu'iably  tiu'n  out  to  be  the  crafty 
contrivances  and  schemes  to  overreach  the  unwarj-, 
to  betray  private  fiiendsliip,  to  corrupt  public  men, 
and  to  gratify  avarice,  lust,  and  ambition,  at  the  es-» 
pence  of  justice  and  honor." 

According  to  Jlr.  Mackenrot,  sir  Thomas  Johrt 
Coclirane  was  betrayed  into  the  fraud  upon  the 
stock  exchange  by  his  uncle  Cochrane  Johnstone  t 
who  "grown  gTey  in  iniquity,"  wa.s  not  content  wrtH 
his  own  disgi-aceful  plans  for  defrauding  the  public. 
— The  latter,  "about  12  years  ago,  was  married  -foj? 
the  second  time  to  madamoiselle  de  CKigiiy,  a 
French  lady  of  great  fortune  in  the  island  of  Gua-> 
daloupe,  who  was  divorced  again  from  him  short* 
ly  afterwards,  not  as  the  Public  Characters-}-  inform- 
ed us,  by  the  mevejtat  of  the  French  governor,  in 
consequence  of  orders  he  had  received  for  that  pur- 
pose from  France,  but  from  her  own  choice,  she  be- 
ing prompted  to  an  act  of  separation  by  the  ill  usage 
she  experienced  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Cochrane  John- 
stone. She  indignantly  returned  him  the  few  thou- 
sand dollars  he  had  sent  her  in  July  1803,  from  ]Mont- 
serrat,  together  with  his  letters  unopened;  andf 
Mr.  C.  Johnstone  soon  indemnified  himself,  by  reliev- 
ing the  monotony  of  the  scene  in  the  embraces  of  a 
variety  of  concubines,  whose  abj  ect  condition  com"* 
pelled  them  to  submit  to  his  brutalities;  and  in  par- 
ticular one  instance  we  know,  says  the  author,  where 
an  innocent  beautiful  creature,  whom  he  had  de- 
bauched, and  taken  away  from  her  friends,  fell  a 
sacrifice  to  his  brutal  treatment,  whicli  occa- 
sioned an  abortive  delivery  on  board  the  packet  on 
the  wide  Atlantic  ocean,  and  in  the  most  comfortv 
less  and  destitute  situation. 

Mr.  Cochrane  Johnstone,  however,  was  not  so  un- 
fortunate in  all  his  illicit  amours,  having  by  a  prior 
connection  of  that  kind  a  natural  son,  or  what  the 
old  fashioned  people  used  to  call  a  bastard,  who 
was  some  years  ago  a  midshipman  in  the  royal  navy; 
and,  no   doubt,  if  the   youiag   gentleman's  natural 


*This  gentleman's  original  name  was  Andrew 
■Cochrane. — "Joluistoat"  \vv.n  added  by  act  of  pia-- 
liament; 


uncle,  su'  Alexaridcr  Cochrane,  continues  in  favor, 
interest  and  command,  this  young  Mr.  Johnstone 
will  be  soon  made  a  post  captain  before  he  attains 
the  age  of  twenty-one,  as  there  is  a  precedent  in  the 
legitimate  part  of  his  family,  which  happened  itt 
tlic  years  1805  and  1806,  to  tlie  gi-eat  edification 
and  encouragement  of  the  old  lieutenants  and  mas- 
ters and  commanders  on  the  leeward  Island  station, 
as  the  reader  will  find  in  the  sequel. 

The  author  then  detiiils  one  of  Mr.  C.  Johnstone's 
"characterisiic  performances,"  in  which  no  calcula- 
tions are  made  eitlier  of  "risk  or  consequences." 
Mr.  Jolinston  had  prevailed  upon  a  Mr.  Baxter  i^ 
the  island  of  Montserrat  to  become  his  surety  foP 
tlie  value  of  a  neutral  ship  and  cargo,  captured  by 
a  privateer  belonging  to  the  former,  and  condemn- 
ed; but  subsequently  restored  to  the  claimant  on 
an  appeal  to  the  prize  court:  when  the  hon.  mem- 
ber, instead  of  releasing  Mr.  Baxter  from  his  col- 
lateral  obligation,  went   olf,   and  left  him  in  the 

-j-A  periodica.1,  biographicctl  work,  printed  in  Lor': 
cten-. 


46    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGlSTER-SAtURDAV,  SEPTEMBER  16,  181S. 


lurch,  "to  par  evcrj^  farthing  out  of*  liis  own  pock- 
et."    At  St.  Christopher's,  he  found  means  through 

the  instigation  of  a  certain  Dr.  A g's  wife,  who 

was  a  native  of  Scothmd,  to  ohtain  possession  of 
100  negro  slaves,  (consigned  with  others  in  a  Fi  encli 
prize  slave  ship  to  t!\e  doctor),  for  a  bill  of  ids  own 
on  England.  The  doctor,  it  seems,  had  a  great  re- 
pugnance at  first  against  the  honorable  gentlem;'.n's 
bill,  but  the  latter  by  palavering  the  wife,  soon 
gained  his  point;  and  having  exported  the  negroes 
to  St.  Barts  and  St.  Thomas'  and  tliere  sold  them 
for  cash  in  hard  dollars,  embarked  for  England, 
■where,  says  the  author,  no  doubt,  he  always  voutd 
for  the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade,  althougli  in  re- 
ality an  abettor  and  active  practitioner  in  tliis  nefa- 
rious traffic.  As  to  the  doctoi*'s  bill,  of  course  it 
was  never  paid.  He  was  nexi  tried,  upon  his  re- 
ttirn  to  England,  by  court  martial,  and  struck  from 
the  army  list.  At  the  same  time  also,  he  waa  ac- 
cused of  exciting  mutiny  in  one  of  the  bUick  West 
India  regiments;  whom  he  wanted  to  work  as  field 
negroes  upon  his  owti  plantation,  and  of  having  or- 
dered them  to  be  fired  upon  by  the  soldiers  of  ;ino- 
ther  corps,  when  tiie  blacks  refused  to  lay  down 
their  aiTTis. 

Soon  after,  he  was  returned  to  parliament  for 
Crampound,  by  twenty-seven  votes.  The  way  of 
conducting  the  elections  of  the  small  borouglis  in 
Corn'.\all,  says  our  author,  is  too  well  known  to  re- 
quire any  comment.*  A  seat  in  parliament  is  a  ve- 
ry convenient  thing  for  a  man  in  distress,  as  it  pro- 
tects him  from  ])crsonal  arrests;  but  Mr.  C.  John- 
stone's West-India  creditors  became  clamorous,  kc. 
some  of  them  went  so  far  as  to  proceed  at  h.w 
against, him,  to  obtain  executions,  and  seize  Ids  fur- 
niture and  other  effects.  London  was  therefore  no 
lon"-er  a  desirable  spot  for  our  liero,  and  he  embark- 
ed for  the  island  of  Tortoia,  where  'his  majesty'.^ 
ship  Beleisle,'  sir  Alexander  Y.  Cochrane's  flag  sliip, 
was  then  at  anchor.  Here,  under  the  countenance 
of  his  brother,  the  admiral,  he  kcled  occa.sionally  as 
a  common  informer,  contrivhig  seiziu-es  of  every 
thing  that  struck  him  as  desirable.  Upon  the  cap- 
ture"of  the,Danish  islands,  tiirough  the  influence  of 
the  admiral,  he  was  appointed  auciioneer  ;mdag  nr 
for  the  captors;  and  his  first  performance  in  this 
capacity,  was  to  bribe  the  judge  of  the  vice-admi- 
Kdtv  prize-court  of  Tortoia,  to  conde.i.n  the  royal 
Danisli  loans,  and  also  certain  Dutch  .osms,  amount- 
ir.g  to  an  immense  sum.  This  sentence  was  rc\ers- 
ecf  by  the  lords  of  appeal  for  prizes;  not  without 
tiie  most  severe  animadversions  on  the  scandalous 
conduct  of  the  said  judge.  Mr.  C.  Johnstone,  how- 
ever, having  an  eye  to  his  own  benefit,  had  in  tlie 
meantime  got  possession  of  all  the  bonds,  and  tjie 
produce  and  money  ])ai(l  by  tlic  planters  of  the  said 
island  in  liquidation  of  the  inxerest  due  tliercou;  and 
•apcii  being  afterv.'ards  ordered  to  ,9urr;.:iKUr  up 
this  property,  to  be  administered  in  the  name  of 
♦his  maiestv,'  lie  refusetl;  was  lU-rested — released 
upon  his  vJord  of  honoi — broke  his  parole — stole 
awav  in  the  dejjth  of  tlie  nigut,  and  goi  on  board 
one' of  the  adnurai's  tenders,  wlilch  was  lying  in 
readiness  to  receive  him.  Tne  tender  got  imder 
■ft'eigh  immediately,  touched  at  day -light  at  Torto- 
ia, distant  12  leagues,  where  Mr.  C.  Jolmstone  laud- 
ed at  tlie  atithor's  hou.^e;  and,  upon  pushing  oi' 
again,  requested  his  appeai-ance  to  be  kept  sccrev. 
He  rowed  tow;u-ds  the  nomcwiu-d  bound  packet,  em- 
tarkcd,  and  about  an  hour  after  sailed  for  Eiigiand. 
Wpon  his  arrival  an  uttuctiment  was  issued  ag.ansi 
his  person  by  the  higii  court  of  appei^as  for  pnzes, 
Ihr  a  contempt  in  not  bringing  mto  court  the  pro- 


*Rather  fnmk  for  a  Huiiisterial  writf^:'.-- A^i.  Ji».'< 


ceeds  of  the  Danisli  and  Dtitch  loans,  agreeably  ** 
the  monition,  citation  and  inhibition  served  on  hi''^ 
for  this  purpose  at  Si.  Croix;  but,  on  account  of  his 
'parliamentary  interest,'  it  was  never  served  xvpon 
Iiim.  TJie  sum  -ADich  lie  had  illegally  devoted  to 
his  own  private  interest,  and  wimc!.  lie  liad  thus  been 
cited  to  bringjinto  court,  c;moun.  ed  to  70,000^  ster- 
ling; and  this  sum,  af  er  a  considerable  ; lapse  of 
time,  was  paid  for  him  by  Messrs.  Finley,  Banna- 
tine  &  Co.  of  London,  in  order  to  obtain  his  dis- 
charge from  the  fear  of  arrest.  The  last  grand 
scheme  and  speculation  in  which  Mr.  C.  Johnstone? 
engaged  prior  to  the  stock -jobbing  fraud,  was  the 
supplying  the  Spanish  government  with  arms  to  re- 
sist their  subjugation  by  the  Fi-ench.  He  obtained 
a  contract  for  furnisiiing  the  junta  with  a  very  large 
quantity  of  muskets,  about  100,000  pieces,  at  a  sti- 
pulated price  of  £3  3s.  each.  These  muskets  he 
procured  at  Birmingham,  at  th.e  low  rate  of  17s. — 
It  is  true,  they  were  only  gliosts  of  muskets,  says 
our  author,  totally  imfit  for  service;  but  this  was  nO 
matter  to  the  con'a-actor;  he  iiad  made  them  like 
the  razors  of  Peter  Pindar,  "for  sale,  and  not  for 
shaving."  He  was  to  receive  payment  in  specie  at 
Vera  Cruz,  and  a  British  frigate  being  appointed  to 
carry  him  thither  from  Cadiz,  he  took  care  to  lay 
in  at  this  place  a  large  quantity  of  foreign  manu- 
factured goods,  with  a  view  to  smuggle  them  cm 
shore  in  some  of  the  West  India  islands.  At  Do- 
minica, however,  the  ca])tain  learnt,  (what  was  be- 
fore unknown  to  him)  that  his  honorable  passenger 
had  contraband  goods  on  board;  wlien  this  worthy 
officer,  says  the  atilhor,  immediately  reprobated 
!um  ]ml)licly  on  the  quarter-deck,  ar^d  hinted  hi* 
inclination  of  throwing  the  smugglci-,  along  with 
his  goods,  overboard. 

We  are  next  presented  M'ith  some  traits  in  the 
character  of  'the  honorable  sir  Alexander  Fon-es- 
ter  Coclirane,  K.  B;'  who,  during  the  late  war,  com- 
manded a  squadron  of  ships  on  the  American 
coast.  In  the  engagement  with  the  French  on  the 
5th  of  Fcbru;u-v,  1806,  off  St.  Domingo,  altliough 
'his  majesty's  ships  Superb,  (sir  Thomas  Duck- 
v.'orth's  flag  ship)  and  Northumberland,  bearing  the 
flag  of  sir  Alexander,  sustained  alone  for  nearly  two 
hours  the  whole  brunt  of  the  French  fire;'  yet  Mr. 
-Mackenrot  insists,  that  sir  Alexander's  laurels  in 
this  action,  sprang  from  compulsion,  and  not  from 
spontaneous  bravery;  in  short,  that  he  -was  obligeiT 
io  Jig-lit,  iind  woidd  rather  have  been  excused  from 
laying  alongside  the  Frencli  adniiral's  sjup,  which 
was  a  tiu'ec-decker.  Sir  Alexander's  meeting  witii 
the  fleet  of  Jerome  Bonaparte  on  the  fatal  6th  of  Ju- 
ly, 18.j6,  says  our  author,  presents  one  of  those  me- 
jlanciioly  and  solitary  instances  where  the  honor  of 
thi  British  flag  ivus  tuivnsiied.  Tiie  admiral  was 
here  commander  in  chief,  and  his  injudicious  fears 
got  sucit  an  I'scendancy  over  his  mind,  as  to  make 
uirn  ;iCtuaUy  see  double,  wiicn  surveying  the  enemy's 
force.  The  French  fleet  consisted  of  one  84,  and 
live  74  gun  ships;  the  British  of  tlti'ce  74's,  one  64-, 
and  twu  .36  gim  fVigiitcs:  and  t.'ie  former  having  lost 
a  number  of  men  tlu-ough  sickni^ss,  were  but  half 
manned — ^i  circu.mstance  perfectly  kno\\'n  to  admi- 
Iral  Cochrane.  The  two  flee  s  met  ofi'  lit.  Tliomas* 
I — wiien,  instead  of  closing  and  attacking  the  rear 
of  tiie  French,  the  Englisli  squadron  all  of  a  sud- 
den t.xked  to  the  soulliwurd,  and  quietly  suflered 
the  French  to  continue  their  cotirsc  straight  to  the 
westward  of  Forto  llico.  We  need  scarcely  to  add^ 
says  the  author,  that  the  sentence  of  admiral  Byn^ 
was  imm.cdiateiy  pronouncetl  against  sir  Alexander 
CorliraUL  by  i.undrcds.  of  voices  of  his  indignairt 
counU^meii  at  St.  Tliomas',  whilst  tht  Freiy>ii  €s-. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  RECHSTER— MA<!;KENR0T'3  MEMOIRS'  47 


^ultlngly  crowed  in  tlie  momentary  triumpli  of  the 
.pavilion  tricolm-e,  which  so  rai-ely  fell  to  their  lot. 

Mammon  is  the  god  of  the  greatest  part  of  the 
Cochrane  family,  and  there  are  but  few  instances 
of  their  love  of  fflory.  After  this  affair  the  admi- 
ral returned  with  his  squadi-on  to  Tortola,  who  c, 
at  a  dinner  on  board  tlie  Northumberland,  Mr.  M.xk- 
enrot  heai-d  him  acknowledge,  that  he  abstahied 
from  attacking  the  enemy,  becmise  he  sa-v  the  ongi- 
'  nal  Freiick  squadron,  tcMch  he  had  chased  frmrt  off 
Tortola,  already  supei'ior  in  numbers,  form  a  jtinction 
■with  three  other  line  of  battle  ships  off  the  -west  end  of 
the  island  of   St.  Thomas! 

Rlsum   teneatis  amici? 

Sterne  says,  "tlie  mind  sits  terrified  at  the  ob- 
jects she  magnified  herself,  and  blackened:  reduce 
them  to  their  proper  size  and  hue,  she  overlooks 
them."  Alas,  tliis  was  admiral  Cochr.one's  case; 
for  these  pretended  three  line  of  battle  ships,  which 
the  panic-slruck  knight  imagined  he  saw  to  lee- 
ward joining  tlie  French  squadron,  turned  out  to 
be  nothing:  more  nor  iess,  than  t/iree  harmless  home- 
■svard  bound  Danish  merchantmen,  who  had  sailed 
that  very  morning  from  the  harbor  of  St.  Thomas, 
bound  to  Copenhagen. 

The  French  fleet  consisted  of  the  following 
ships,  viz: 

Le  Foudroyant,  84  guns- 


Le  Veteran 
Le  Hazai'd 
Le  Patriot 
L'Eoie 
L'Impeteux 


74  guns 
74  guns 
74  guns 
74  guns 
74  iruns 


admiral  M'^illaumez 
erome  Bonaparte 


456  guns 
1  of  the 
Nortnaiiiberiand,  74  guns — admiral  Cochrane 


The  Engl 


C.mada 
Elephant 
Agamemnon 
Seine,  friv,ate 
Galatea,  do. 


74  guns- 


74  guns 


;apt.IIai-vey 
capt.  Dundas 
64  giuis— capt.  Rose 
36  guns — capt.  Matson 
36  gmis — capt.  Sayers 


358  guns — diiFerence  98  gs. 
Against  this  inferior  number  of  gnns,  Mr.  Macken 
rot  considers  the  very  superior  efficiency  of  the  Bri- 
tisu  otlicers  and  crews,  theu'  fresliness  from  the 
port  ot  Englisii  Harbor,  Antigua,  (the  first  naval 
arsenal  i;i  the  West  ladies)  to  forni  a  vciy  gi-eat 
stc-afij  and  even  to  over-balance  the  scale;  as  the 
sickliness  of  t!ie  French  crews,  and  the  inexperi- 
ence of  thek  officers,  were  well  known  and  ascer- 
tiuncd. 

After  noticing  tlie  futility  of  the  excuse  set  up 
by  the  admird.1,  namely,  his  having  in  cliarge  the 
homeward  bound  convoy;  and  that  it  was  generally 
e.vpected  in  the  West  Indies  he  would  lind  it  diffi- 
cult to  account  for  his  conduct  to  the  admiralty; 
the  auth»r  proceeds  to  contrast  this  higlorious 
meeting  of  the  two  squadrons  with  several  Britisli 
actions  fought  with  the  French  and  Spaniards  u:i- 
der  similar  circumstances,  in  regard  to  the  dispari- 
ty of  force,  particularly  those  of  sir  John  Jervis  and 
lord  Nelson,  in  179?'.  He  then,  after  a  pretty  long 
episode,  resumes  his  iii-jralive  of  the  conduct  of  sn* 
Alexander,  by  stating  him  to  be  as  blaincuble  in  af- 
fording encouragement  to  liis  son,  and  otiier  offi- 
ecrs  oi  the  navy,  for  currying  on  illegal  exporta- 
tions  of  prize  produce  from  Tortola  to  St.  Ttioinas, 
France,  Spain,  Denmaik,  and  America;  and  proiect- 
ing  the  same  by  'his  majesty's'  ships,  for  money, 
Waich  he  shared,  and  regularly  received,  thereby 
htcoming  an  accessory  in  tliis  criminal  breaeii  of 
duty. 

In  August  1807,  admiral  Ggekrane,  v,'ith  a  num- 


ber of  the  ships  of  Iiis  squadron,  sailed  for  Halifax* 
to  be  out  of  tltei-each  of  the  luu*ricanes,  during  the 
season.     In   Nova  Scotia   he  possessed   an  estate, 
which  being  plentifully  stocked  with  horned  cat-^ 
tie,  mules,  &.c   and  the   said  admiral  being  a  great 
adept  in  the  useful  science   of  purscrage,  lie   saw^ 
on  this  occasion,  vmch  clearer  than  wlien   in  chase 
of  the  French  squadron  off  St.  Tlioinas:  for  he  found 
out,  and    that   without  a  council  of  war,  that  tho 
supplying  of  the  navy  woidd   prove  an  excellent 
market  for  his  commodity;  and  thereby  getting  the  . 
st:j-t  of  the  graziers  of  Nova  Scotia,  he  command- 
ed his  purser  to  buy  of  him,  in  his  grazhig  capaci- 
ty, a  large  quantity  of  bullocks,  with   which,  afteP 
having  fully  stocked  his  fleet,    he  sailed   for   thc5 
AVest  Indies;  where,  probably,   they  were  charged 
to  the  commissioners  for  victualling  'his  majestj^'s* 
navy,  at  an  advanced  price;  whereby  the  admiral 
managed  to  reap  the  additional  profits  arising  from 
tlie  freight,   saving  of  insurance,  besides  the  dilftl-- 
ence  of  the  market  and  the  course  of  exchange. — < 
We  can  assiu-e  the  reader,   continues   the  author, 
from  our  own  personal  knowledge,  that  sir  Alexan- 
der Cochrane  employed  'his  majesty's'  sliip  Beleisle 
of  74  guns,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  a  imde, 
cattle  siiip,  and  s?nu£gler — as  we  saw  liim  land,  and. 
sell  mules  from   on  board  siiid   shiji,   the  Beleisle 
then  at  anchor  at  Tortola,  without  any  entry  beinj; 
made  of  the  same  at  the  custom-house;   for  whichi  - 
ofience   tlie    said  sliip,    the   Beleisle,  would  have 
been    liable  to  seizure,  had  tlie  pusillanimous  offi- 
cers of  the  custom-house    of  Tortola  understood 
their    duty  and  dared  to   execute   it.     I'he  author' 
then  quotes  the  18th  British  article  of  war,  in  a 
note,  to   prove  tliat  it  is  forbidden  (under  ihe  pen- 
alty of  being  cashiered,  and  forever  afier  rendered 
incapable  to  serve  in  any  place  or  office  in  the  na- 
val service  of  'his  majesty,'  Ids  heirs  or  successors) 
for  any  officer  in  the  navy  to  receive  or  permit  to 
be  received  on  board  his  sliip,  any  goods  or  mer- 
chandize whatsoever,  other  than  for  the  sole  use  of 
the  said  ship    or  vessel;    except  gold,  silver   and 
jewels,  and  except  goods  cr  merchandize  shipwreck-, 
ed,  &c.     In  autumn,  1S07,   tlie  autlior  saw  with  his 
own  eyes,  sir  Alexander  Cochrane  purchase  a  large 
quantity  of  duck  and  sheeting,  through  the  inter- 
ference of  a  person  of  the  name  of  Jolin  CarrutherS", 
whom   he  had  constituted  king's  butcher,  or  con- 
tractor for  tlie  supply  of  fresh  beef  for  the  use  of 
'nis  majesty's'  slaps,   v.'hen  in  tlic  port  of  Tortoia. 
This  person  conspired  with  the  said  admiral  to  give 
vouchers,  and  receive  payment  in  bills  of  exchange 
from  the  pui-serof  the  Bellcisle,  dra;vni  on  the  vic- 
tualling board,  purporting  to  be    for  so  much  fresh 
beef  supplied;  wlicii,  in  fact,   no  sucli    beef  at  all 


ad  been  supplied:  and  the  same  was  done  by  tiie 
command   and  contrivance  of  the  said  adniiral,  far 
)ose  of  dcf-auding  tlie  said   commissioners 
navy,  and  the  pubiie 


ung 
'his  niajesiv's' 


tne  purpo: 
for  victualling 
at   large. 

Sir  Alexander  Cochrane  had,  by  this  time  amass- 
ed a  large  fortune,  partly  by  straight,  partly  by 
crooked  means,  :is  we  have  seen,  without  bi-iiie-  iu 
die  least  satiated.  He  already  possessed  an  esta.c 
in  Nova  Scotia,  anotlier  at  Eennudu,  and  a  lliird  in 
Trinidad.  After  having  exposed  iiis  incapacity  and 
unfitness  for  command,  on  account  of  the  timidity 
and  avarice  widch  he  uisphtyed,  we  will  now,  there- 
fore, say->  our  nutjior,  add',  anil  substantiate  aa 
instance  of  great  cruelty  and  ojjpression,  originat- 
ing in  felon}-,  murder,  and  robbery!  not  iu  the  figu- 
rative, but  in  tlie  tlirect  sense  of  tlie  word  as  Mr. 
VVilberforce  and  Mr.  IJiougham,  these  great  advcS- 
cates  of  humanity,  expressed  themselves.  Tlie 
fruits  of  all  these  ciiRjes,  srr  .\lexandcr  Gyehranc 


48     IslLE^'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  H,  1815. 


sppropriatcd  to  himself,  by  concentrating-  in  him 
the  profits  arising-  from  such  criminal  transactions, 
ind  all  the  g-uilt  and  responsibility  attached  to 
such  felony,  miu'der  and  robbery. 

Sir  Alexander  took,  ille.^ally,  possession  of,  and 
appropriated  to  himself  a  larg-e  number  of  neg-roes, 
about  200,  wiio  had  been  captured  on  board  of  two  A- 
merican  slave  ships,  namely,  the  brig-  Amadea,  John- 
ston, master,  and  the  schooner  Nancy,  Yidal,  mas- 
ter, which  had  been  carried  into  the  port  of  Torto- 
la  by  some  Brilish  ships  of  war,  and  condemned 
under  tlie  act  subjectin^^  slaves,  taken  as  prize,  to 
condemnation  for  the  use  of  "nis  m:ijcsty,"  forcer- 
tain  ap^cial  ends  and  purposes,  namely,  the  males  to 
be  drafted  into  the  army  antl  navy,  and  tlie  females 
and  children  to  be  botuid  out  as  apprentices  to  some 
useful  trade  for  14  years. 

Sir  Alexander  Cochrane,  in  manifest  violation  of 
Ms  duty,  continued,  with  the  connivance  of  the 
judg-e  of  the  vice-admiralty  prize  coui-t,  and  of  the 
kin^s  agent  at  Tortola,  to  appropriate  to  himself 
these  men,  women,  and  children,  near  200  in  num- 
ber, whom  he  carried  off,  in  slavery,  to  the  island  of 
Trinidad,  wliere  tliey  liave  been,  and  still  continue, 
to  be  unlawfidly  forced  to  work  as  field  negroes,  on 
a  sugar  plantation  belong-ing  to  the  said  sii-  Alexan- 
AcY  Cochrane,  without  their  having  any  chance  of 
reclaiming  their  liberty  thus  usurped,  upon  their 
first  importation  from  Africa,  before  they  acquired 
any  knovidedge  of  the  English  language,  and  con- 
sequently before  they  could  form  any  concepticm  of 
the  prottction  and  adv.intages  granted  to  them  by 
that  generous  and  humane  trait  in  the  policy  of 
Great  Britain — the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade. 

A  few  da3-s  before  the  departure  of  sir  Alexander 
Cochrane,  in  H.  M.  S.  Asia,  from  Portsmouth  to 
Bermuda,  the  author  urged  this  subject  with  Mr. 
"Wilbcrfbrce,  and  since  transmitted  a  statement 
thereof  to  earl  Bathurst,  to  enable  him  in  his  offi- 
cial capacit}',  as  secretary  of  the  home  colonial  de- 
partment, to  make  further  enquiries  into  this  sub- 
ject, as  likewise  the  African  institution,  who  have 
laid  the  case  before  government,  so  that  in  course 
of  time  this  cruel  act  of  usurpation  is  sure  to  be  re- 
dressed, and  the  objects  thereof  to  be  relieved. 

It  may  be  objected  with  apparent  foundation,  that 
we  should  have  brought  forv/ard  these  charges  in 
time,  and  not  waited  until  the  disgraceful  conspira- 
cy to  defratid  the  stock  exchange,  and  all  the  other 
exposures  resulting  from  it,  laid  open  the  Cochrane 
family  to  the  sneers  and  aspersions  of  every  insidi- 
eus  revilcr.  To  tliis  objection,  we  beg-  leave  to  re- 
ply, that  some  of  of  om- accusations  were  brouglit 
forward  three  or  four  ye;u-s  ago,  altliough  in  a  more 
general  way,  and  that  we  specifically  accused  sir 
Alexander  Cochrane  of  a  breach  of  his  duty  and  of 
the  articles  of  war,  as  long  ago  as  in  the  month  of 
Noveml>er  last,  when  his  appointment  to  the  com- 
Hiand  of  the  North  American  station  was  first  men- 
tioned in  the  newspapers  as  being  in  contemplation. 

Since  the  late  trial  of  admiral  Stii-ling,  at  Ports- 
mouth, we  have  again  oifered  to  the  lords  of  tiie 
admiralty,  to  make  out,  prove  and  substantiate, 
some  stronger  and  more  disgraceful  cases  of  the 
same  description;  and  requested  for  that  pui-poac, 
*o  be  allowed  access  to  the  log-books  of  certahi 
ships,  deposited  at  Somerset-House.  This  letter 
was  forwarded  by  tlie  two-penny  post,  and  ncccs- 
sari.y  must  have  reached  its  destination,  but  was 
never  answered.  We  are,  tliei-cfore,  obliged  to 
6iispense  witJi  the  corroborative  information  we  ex- 
pected to  draw  f.-om  the  said  log-books,  which  the 
admiralty  seems  anxious  to  v.ithhold;  and,  on  that 
account^  iut«iKl  to  subaut  ovy-  c-Jia^-^ea  5ji  writingj 


and  demand  a  court-martial  according  to  laW^.  Antt 
it  nov.'  will  remain  to  be  seen,  whether  the  first  lord 
of  the  admiralty  dares  to  Hy  in  the  face  of  the  laws 
of  liis  country,  and  protect  and  screen  his  creatures 
from  the  eye  of  puldic  investigation,  or  not. 

The  duty  of  ordering  a  court  martial,  continued 
^Ir.  ^laclcenrot,  upon  a  complaint  in  writing  being 
made,  appears  to  be  imperative  upon  tjie  lords  com- 
missioners of  the  admiralty,  and  not  discretionary; 
we  therefore  conceive,  that  the  admiralty  is  bound 
to  summon  a  court  martial  to  try  sir  Alexander,  and 
sir  Thomas  JoJm  Cocln-ane,  on  the  charges  preferred 
by  us,  as  we  must  abide  by  the  legal  consequences^ 
if  they  are  found  false  or  groimdless,  an  event  of 
which  we  do  not  entertain  the  sm.allest  apprehen- 
sion. Perhaps  their  lordships  are  in  dally  expecta- 
tion of  receiving  in'.elligence  of  some  glorious 
acliievment  performed  by  then*  trtist-worthy  cora- 
mander-in-cliief,  at  Halifax,*  m  order  to  stop  the 
mouths  of  such  obscene  scribblers  as  we  are;  but 
if  this  be  the  case,  their  present  insertions  in  the 
Gazette  are  rather  meagre  and  tardy;  as  only  some! 
inferior  American  vessels  of  war,  privateers,  have 
been  taken  by  sir  Alexander's  detached  squadron, 
and  if  things  do  not  soon  mend,  then,  indeed,  "ie 
jeu  ne  vavt  pas  la  Chandelk" 

When  sir  Alexander  was  fii'st  appointed  to  his  pre- 
sent command,  the  greatest  expectations  were  en-, 
tertained  of  the  exploits  he  was  to  perform:  im- 
mense preparations  were  made  at  Portsmouth.— 
There  was  such  a  bustle  and  packing  of  ammtmi-i 
tion,  rockets,  fire-ships,  bombs  and  conveniences 
for  red-jiot  balls,  and  other  missile  weapons;  two- 
deckers  were  cut  dowTi  to  smaller  vessels;  my  lord 
Cochrane  forsook  his  seat  in  the  senate,  and  even 
baron  de  Berenger,  of  sharp-shooting  memorj",  had, 
at  sir  Alexiutder's  request,  scraped  the  rtist  uff  his 
father's  toledo,  as  lord  Coclirane  is  pleased  to  inforni 
us  on  oath:  when,  alas!  we  ask,  what  has  been  done 
since  February,  the  time  of  sir  Alexander's  sailing 
from  Portsmouui?     Nothing. 

Partitriunt  montes,  nasciiur  ridicidve  rmis. 
Why,  sir  Alexander  must  have  been  asleep  all  thii 
Vvhile;  or  was  he  engaged  on  shore  in  grazing,  cat- 
tle-de:ding,  wood-cutting,   slop-selling,  smuggling, 
or  other  stich  money-making  callings? 

His  proclamation  to  the  negroes  in  the  southcrii 
states,  is  the  chief  comj^osition  among  the  state 
papers  that  issued  from  liis  pen;  but  this  kidnap- 
pir.g  system  'his  majesty's  ministers'  have  very 
projierly  disowned  and  disapproved  off  Such  a, 
warfa-e  has  never  been  resorted  to  in  the  colonies^ 
not  even  at  the  time  when  mutual  anmiosity  ran 
highest  between  the  Frcncii  and  English  islands 
diu-ing  the  last  war.  What  \\-ouid  the  British  West 
India  planters  sa}',  if  the  American  government,  in 
order  to  retaliate,  would  order  her  numerous  and 
enterprising  privateers  to  entice  from  the  British 
colonics,  where  they  c;m  always  land  in  the  day 
time,  whole  gangs  of  negroes,  who  woidd  be  very 
easily  prevailed  upon  to  Hy  from  slavery  and  to  seek 
refuge  in  the  black  repubiic  of  Hayti?  Plow  per- 
nicious, how  destructive  would  this  prove  to  Ja- 
maica and  the  windv.ard  islands?  We  were  at  first 
informed  by  the  newspapers,  that  many  hundred 
negroes  haa  arrived  fiom  the  United  States  at  Ber- 
muda, wliere  they  did  vastl}'  well  and  earned  a  dol- 
lar a  d.iy;  presently  the  ttme  was  changed,  and  we 


*  Tiie  Admiral  was  at  this  time  on  the  Americajl 
coast. 

■j-Would  to  God  they    would  extend   the   same 
mercy  towards  the  br^^ve  t;:rj  of  the  United  States:: 
iv  would  sjtve  a  grc«at  dol  of  bload-shed. — Ax.  Ep- 


sssz 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER. 


No.  4  er  Aol.  IX.]         BALTIMORE,  SATLRDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23,  1815.         [whole  xo.  212. 


Jiac  olim  me-mimsne  jitvabit. — Vihrii,. 


rniKTKD   AND   PCBLlSHKn    BY    II.    XILKS,   NO.    29,   SOUTH   C ALVEnT-.STRKKT,   AT    §5   I'F.n    ANNCTT. 


bu.ird  tliat  these  poor  deluded  wretclies  were  in 
tlie  most  abject  condition  and  starving-.  How  came 
this  great  reduction  of  labor  to  hiippen?  Did  sir 
Alexander,  perhaps,  only  pick  out  the  stout  and  cMc 
•men  for  hirt  oivn  estate  in  Trinidad,  a!id  leave  tlie 
sicklv  ones  to  perish,  as  he  did  in  1808,  at  Tor- 
tolai'' 

Sir  Alexander  Cochrane  has  about  a  hundred  pen- 
nants, of  all  sizes  and  descriptions,  under  his  or- 
ders; tlie  sefison  is  considerably  advanced,  and  still 
we  liear  notliinij  of  the  g-reat  and  extensive  opera- 
"tfons  he  was  to  perform:  such  as  the  bombarding 
of  Eo.ston  and  Xew-York,  the  burning  of  Balti 
more,  the  destruction  of  the  frigates  at  New  Lon- 
don, and  in  the  docks  and  arsenals  of  all  the  sea- 
ports— the  scouring  of  the  Delawai-e  and  Chcsapcak 
"  up  to  the  very  threshold  of  president  -Madison's 
residence.  If  sir  Alexander  performs  a  fractional 
part  of  this  round  sum  of  operations,  wliich,  in  con- 
sideration of  his  great  and  chosen  forces,  he  could 
Ihardly  miss  (and  which,  >Ir.  Mackenrot  miglit  have 
added,  is  as  much,  and  perhaps  more  than  a  British 
force  is  equal  to)  then,  and  then  alone,  all  \vould 
be  well,  &c. 

In  point  of  sir  Alexander's  other  frauds,  says  Mr. 
Mackenrot  in  his  concluding  paragraph,  which,  if 
We  include  tlie  illegal  CTcportations  of  prize  pro- 
duce before  alluded  to,  amounts  to  many  thousands, 
what  sentence  will  lie  deser%'e,  when  we  find  the 
other  day,  admiral  William  Bradley,  sentenced  to 
death  at  tlie  Winchester  assizes,  for  defrauding  the 
5>ost-mastcr  atGosport  of  the  paltry  sum  of  ^3  8s. 
6d.  and  forging  a  receipt  for  the  same'  This  is  what 
admiral  Cochrane's  avarice,  not  his  distresses,  have 
led  him  to. 

We  are  now  brought  to  tlie  memoir  of  sir  TIio- 
mas  Joim  Coclirane,  member  of  parliameat,  wlio, 
'*Ii\  Mackenrot  informs  us,  is  a  son  of  sir  Alexan- 
der Cochrane,  and  commands  at  present  II.  .M.  S. 
Surprise,  a  new 38 gun  fjigate,  on  the  West  India 
station.  We  shall  forbear  to  interrupt  the  narra- 
tive with  any  remarks  as  we  pass  along,  but  give, 
as  in  sir  Alexander's  case,  whatever  we  have  to  put 
down  of  it,  in  Mr.  ^Mackenroi's  own  words,  re- 
serving our  own  thoughts  concerning  it  until  tlie 
last. 

The  rise  and  progress  which  this  young  gentle- 
man made  in  liis  profession,  is  so  uncommonly  ra- 
pid, that  we  cannot  deny  oiu'selves  the  pleasure  of 
detecting  the  fatal  effects  of  misapplied  power,  pa- 
tronage and  familii  interest,  which  guides  the  promo- 
tion of  a  certain  department;  and  perliaps  we  could 
even  aspire,  most  Jiumbly  and  most  respectfidly, 
to  imdeceive  the  illustrious  personage  who  now 
wields  the  sceptre  of  these  realms,  and  who  is  the 
constitutional  fountain  of  honor,  by  submitting  how 
little  the  subject  of  these  memoirs  is  deserving  of 
the  honor  of  knighthood,*  conferred  upon  him  by 
•"his  royal  highness  the  prince  regent,'  probably  a't 
the  recommendation  of  one  of  the  conlidentialser- 
yants  of  the  crown,  who.se  representations  we  must 
thence  pronounce  to  have  been  a  gross  imposition. 


*'Bat  pray,  Mr.  Mackenrot,  how  do  you  get  o^ 
the  honor  conferred  upon  the  piipnv  JFej'dduand 
Spain?— Am.  Eb. 
Vrm.  r». 


over 


The  author  then  states,  that  Mr.  Thomis  John 
Cochrane  arrived  in  tlie  West  Indies  in  1805,  as  a 
midshipman,  and  served  on  board  the  Jason  frig-ite, 
'capt.'iin  W.  Burgundy  Charapain,  a  worthy  veteran,' 
and  full  of  spirit,  if  uc  may  judge  from  his  name. 
He  was  shortly  afU'r  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant by  his  father,  and  while  sci-ving  in  that  capa- 
city on  board  tlie  same  ship,  he  siiflered  her  to  get 
ashore  off  Porto  Rico,  during  his  watch  upon  deck; 
but  as  she  was  not  materially  injured,  no  •  ourt  mnr- 
tial  was  called  to  tp,'  him  tor  his  neglect.  Some  ac- 
tive service  then  requiruig  one  of  the  officers  of 
tlie  ship  to  volunteer  in  heading  the  boat's  crew  to 
board  and  cut  out  tlie  Spanish  letter  of  marque 
called  Los  Dolores,  from  under  the  batteries  of 
Porto  Rico,  Mr.  Thomas  John  Cochrane  Te-tf  pni- 
denihi  remained  beliind,  allowing,  contrary  to  the 
etiquette  of  the  service,  (he  being  third  lieutenant) 
his  senior  officer,  a  Mr.  Patterson,  to  amuse  him- 
self with  the  performance  of  this  exploit,  in  the 
mast  gallant  manner.  Mr.  Patterson,  hotwever,  re- 
m.iineda  lieutenant,  wliilst  the  cowardlv  iMr.  Coch- 
rane M'as  promoted  o\-cr  his  head  to  tlie  rank  of 
master  and  commander,  and  ]X)St  captain;  in  which 
capacity  he  afcerwards  commanded  the  same  ship, 
the  Jason,  and  all  his  former  senior  officers,  under 
whom  he  had  sen-ed  as  a  youngstef. 

He  was  next  put  on  board  the  corvette  .Mdi'il}^; 
as  master  and  commander — a  beautiful  swifi-sailing" 
vessel,  captured  from  ilie  French  by  the  Jason.  She 
mounted  22  guns,  and  JLad  a  complement  of  125 
picked  men.  Tlie  admiral,  anxious  to  see  his  sort 
make  liis  debut,  expected  lie  would  perform  won- 
ders in  this  crack  ship.  In  tins  hope,  however,  he 
was  wofuUy  disappointed,  for  tlic  yonng Comman- 
der took  nothing  wortli  recording  in  the  pag-(Js  of 
the  (iizette,  but  two  pitif;ii  little  French  privatee»S 
of  one  gun  each,  and  with  a  crew  of  25  or  30  men. 
Afterwards,  wiien  all  was  alacrity  and  joy  on  boaixl 
the  Melville;  tlie  brave  tars  eagerly  anticipating 
the  glory  and  prize-money  thcj-  were  on  the  point 
of  eariiLng — slie  ran  away  suddenly  from  a  French 
privateer  brig  of  loguns,  belonging  to  Guadaloupe, 
and  a  heavij  laden  English  mcrchaut  ''hip,  her  prize-, 
worth  ,f  90,000.  In  consequence  of  this  capt.  Coch- 
rane became  the  laug!iing-stoek  of  the  whole  island 
of  Antigua;  and  liimscif,  as  well  as  his  officers, 
were,  for  a  long  tinie,  (juizzod  on  account  of  the 
miserable  adventure.  He  did  not  long  remain  in 
tlie  Melville,  however;  for  his  father,  the  admiraF, 
soon  took  an  opportunity  to  prmnote  him  to  the 
rank  of  post  capt.ain,  in  spite  of  his  want  of  coit- 
duct,  knowledge  and  expci-iencc,  and,  as  it  is  gene- 
rally reported,  actually  hffire  lie  had  attiuncd  t!ie 
age  of  t-wenty-nne  yearf:,'  in  direct  contravention  of 
the  regulations  of  the  navy,  and  without  having 
distinguished  liimself  in  any  ahape  to  warrant  such' 
premature  promotion.  "NVc  cannot  absolutely  take 
upon  ourselves  to  say,  tli.t  false  certificates  of  bap  i 
tism,  or  the  like,  were  produced  to  the  admiralty, 
but  the  extremely  boyi-ii  ;ipp:arauce  of  tlie  young 
postcaptain,  and  the  general  oatciy  of  all  the  other 
officers,  young  and  old,  on  tliis  occasion,  co  pled 
with  the  date  of  sir  Alexander's  marriage,  scarcely 
admits  of  the  possibility  of  his  liaving  been  of  age, 
it  the  tjm-e  this  promotion  took  pl»cej  suii,  by 
J) 


50     FILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23,    1815. 


ri!;'ht,  he  outjht  to  have  been  of  age  before  lie  puls- 
ed for  a  liculeniait.  Observe,  reader,  that  this  ra- 
])id  pfoDioiion  vrom  a  midshipman  to  post  captain, 
was  s^cnc  tjircig-h  in  about  one  twelvemonth. 

Over  the  heads  of  old  and   meritorious  officers, 
then,  this,  imfit  striplinsij,  as  t]ie  authvu-  styles  him, 
v.as,  car!}'  in   1806,  found  in  the  command  of  'his 
n^iajestv's'  ship  Jason;  on    whose    qiiartei"-deck  he 
Lad  but  veiy  lately  received  the  reproofs,  and  un- 
dergone, at  least   deserved,    t!ie  pmiishments  inci- 
dental to  th.e  station  of  niidsliipman.     1  lis  conduct 
TiJw  became   haiiglity,  overbearing-,  and  extreniely 
iyra'.wicp.l.     Flop;g'iag'  was  the  order  of  the  day  witli 
him,  and  so  much  did  he  deiig^ht  in  this  cruel  part 
of  naval  discipline,  tjiat  he  often  ordered  the  -.vholt' 
chip's  compajiy  to  be  t]o;;-g'Cd,  when  his  whim   and 
caprice  invent  id  a  g^enerai,  iniug'huu'v  and  perhaps 
in  itself,  trivial  otTcr.ce.     Fanc}-  to  yourself,  reader, 
a  full  complement  of  a  frig-ate,  consisting-  of  225 
r^ien,    all   brave  veteran  tars,    behi;;^  ignominiously 
dra[::g-ed  to  a  g-vm,  man  by  man,  stripped,  bound  and 
having- ti;ch-  bare  h^icl^a  lucoriti'fl  l>i/  the  lash  of  a  cat- 
of-niih'-taih;   aj'id  all  this  at   the  nod  of  a  beardless 
boy,  beo-ause,  forsooth,  th.is  boy  has,  through  the 
ijiterest  of  a  father  and  tlie  coriiiplion  of  the  times,* 
been  irregularly,  illegally  and  scandalously  promo- 
ted to  tlie  ranii  of  post  captain,  before  he  was  fit  to 
command  the  crew  of  a  jolly-boat.     Siich  mode  ol 
pro-oiotion,  ajxl  such  conduct,  excited  conten-.pt  in 
tlie  breasts  of  all  independent  ouicers,  and  richlv 


])anied  admiral  Cochrane  to  Bermuda  and  Halifaxr 
on  her  voyage  slie  touched  at  Xew  York.  After 
coming  to  anchor  in  that  port,  captain  Cochrane 
had  his  i)oat  manned  and  went  on  shore;  wbiCn,  alas? 
his  whole  bo.tl's  crew,  to  a  m.an,  coxswain  and  all, 
ran  away  immediately  on  his  landi-ig-  on  the  beach, 
and  left  their  poor,  disconsolate  captain  alcne,  cx- 
])osed  to  the  groans  and  hisses  of  the  Americaa 
])opulace.  Upon  his  return  on  board,  he  must  na- 
tni-ally  liave  been  a  little  out  of  temper,  and  may 
have  vented  his  spleen  on  the  crew  which  remain- 
ed behind,  as  a  kind  of  mutiny  arose;  which  was, 
however,  quelled,  and  some  of  the  ringleaders  and 
rccapttu*ed  deserters,  were  shortly  aftei'wards  hang- 
ed at  ilalifix.  There  is' a  proverbial  saying  among 
sailoj-s,  that  a  man-of-war  is  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses a  little  hell;  and  tliis  phrase  pi  obably  owes  its 
origin  to  such  a  demon  of  a  captain. 

Towards  tiie  hitter  part  of  the  blockade  of  Mar- 
tinique, captain  Thomas  John  Cochrane  command- 
ed -bis  majesty's'  ship  Ethalion  of  38guns,  and  was 
stationed  to  superintend  the  in-shorc  squadron  of 
lighter  vessels,  and  to  watch  t!ie  inlets  to  Fort  Roy- 
al— the  line  of  battle  ships  belong'mg'  to  the  squad- 
i-on  being-  at  a  greater  distance  from  tlie  iand.'^ 
Wiiilst  charged  with  this  important  service,  he  suf-  ' 
fered,  one  rught,  «  French  f:igate,  the  Pallas,  to  get 
into  port.  Tne  officer,  wj.o  h>.d  the  watch  upon- 
(leek,  called  out  to  captain  Cochrane  in  his  cabin, 
that  he  observed  a  sirang-e  sail,  and  advised  him  to 
make   the  private  signals    to  lier;  but  the  c.  ptahi 


deserved  it.     As  to  the  seamen  and  marines,  they 

were,  by  the  young  captain's  tyranny  and  oppres-  declined  following  this  advice,  saying  he  knew  the 
on,  worked  up  to  such  a  pitch  of   irritation,  as  sail  in  cpiestioh  to  be  such  and  svich-jl  Bi-iti«h  -ihip. 


sion- 

bordered    almost   constantly  on   a  state  of  muti- 

nv. While  the    Jason  M'as  l}ing-  in  the  harbor 

of  Tor  tola,  the  boatswain,  being  the  capt.uu's  thrcuh- 


In  the  morning-,  however,  he  liad  the  mortification 

to   find,  tliat    what  he  lazily  mistook  for  a  British 

man-of-war,  was  r.ctually  a  Frcricli  frig-ate,  with  her 

hiff-macldue,  itiid  become   so  odioui  to  tlie   whole  national  colors  up,  at  anchor  close  under  the  batte- 

ship's  company,  tliut   in  one  night  he  had  both  Ms  ries  of  Fort  Royal.     Shcb;-ought  a:  seasonable  sup 


ears  cut  off  clean  from  his  head  by  some  unknown 
hand;  and  altivough  tlie  whole  crew  was,  in  a  de- 
gree, put  to  the  torture,  by  general  rounds  of  flog- 
ing-,  siill,  the  pci-petrator  of  this  act  of  vengeance 
■was  never  di^'ulged. 

Captahi  Cochrane  was  only  a  strict  disciplinarian 
as  far  as  concerned  others.     As  to  himself,  he   fre- 


ply  of  troops,  ammunition  and  provisions  from 
France,  fbr  which  the  place  was  much  distressed. 
In  his  private  life,  captain  Cochrane  is  not  a  bit 
more  praiseworthy  than  in  his  p-ablic  career;  for 
there  we  find  liim  mean,  covetous,  mercenary  and 
despicably  false  and  treacherous. 

In  1806,  lie  was  introduced  to  a  young  lady,  the 


quently  slept  G-at  of  the  ship;  and  once  in  p<u-ticuh;r,  I  daughter  of  an  opulent  and  highly  respected  Bri- 
wh^n  the  Jason  rode  out  a  gale  m  the  harljor  ofjtish  merchant  hi  a  neutral  island  in  the  West  I;ulies; 
TortoKi,  after  repeatedly  drii'ting;  and  'his  majes-  and  with  this  young  lady  he  fancied  himrelf  soon  t& 
ty's'  brig  iliU-t  drove    :i.shore   for  the  want  of  an-  lie  deeply  in  love:  her  father  and  the  admi-ral  however,  - 


chors  iuid  cables,  whom  it  was  his  duty  to  have  sue 
cored  and  supplied.  Altliough  the  Hart  burnt  blue 
lights,  fired  signals  of  distress,  thre-vv  her  guns  over- 
board, and  laid  on  her  beam  end,  captain  Coch- 
rane never  attempted  to  g-et  off  to  licr,  but  content- 
ed himself  with  looking  aX  her  from  our  windows 
through  a  night  glass,  whenever  the  flashes  of  tlic 
blue  lig^its  made  d;'.rkness  visible.  Any  other  olli- 
cer  would  have  been  tried  by  a  court  nua-tial  for 
sach  misconduct;  but  so  g-reat  was  the  complai- 
sance of  the  other  ofiicers  towards  this  admiral's 
son,  than  none  dui-st  ask  aji  ewquiry.-  indeed,  they 
went  so  far  as  to  allow  him  tp  siiare  prize-monev 
in  the  capture  of  three  American  vessels,  althougii 
lie  v/as  day  and  night  on  shore,  engaged  h\  court- 
ship, aJid  consequently  ncitlier  aiding,  nor  a.isisti.ng 
in  tiieir  tai)ture. 

We  have  already  mentioned  the  cov.'ardice  and 
ts-nelt',' of  captain  Cochrajic;  these  two  vices  gene- 
rally go  band  in  liaud:  we  now  proceed  to  "shew 
the  druigerons  consequences  of  cruelty.  Durhiv 
■tlie  hurricane  months  m  18U7,  the   Jason"  accomp.I- 


*A  d^^cent  confession,  at  least,  far  the  friend  of 
lord  Csistlereagh. — A-m,  ^b 


discouj'aged  the  match  as  much  as  iiossible,  and,  in 
order  to  try  the  effects  of  absence,  he  was  sent  for  a 
wiiile  to  a  different  crui/iing  ground.  But  the  cap- 
tain  seemed  lo  rem-iii  unalterably  attached  to  the 
oliject  of  his  flame,  wiiose  affections  he  had  gained, 
and  openly  opposcH.1  sir  Alexander's  hostile  views.' 
In  1808,  tlie  father  of  the  yoimg  lady  dying  sud- 
denly, his  ailairs  were  found  to  be  in  a  very  de- 
ranged state,  owhig  to  recent  losses,  and  conse- 
C[ucntly,  the  large  por.inn  he  wrfs  supposed  to  have 
been  .able  to  give  to  his  daughter,  dwindled  into  a 
mere  trifle.  Our  young  man  of  the  world,  disap- 
pointed in  his  calculations,  immediately  forsook  his 
love  sick  bride;  this  broke  lier  heart,  and  she  shor'.- 
ly  afi,er  followed  her  father  into  the  grave,  unaveng- 
ed l)y  a  brother,  who  had  not  the  spirit  to  resent 
the  hijuries  of  liis  insuhed  and  deserted  sister.-^ 
Captain  Cochrane,  whose  leading  vice  seems  to  liavc 
been  avarice,  ;i  chwacteristic  feature  in  the  whole 
•Cochrane  family,  returned  to  E-ngland,  and  gratified 
:iis  pas.?ion  by  leading  an  heiress  to  the  altar. 

In  our  charges  transmitted  to  the  lords  commis- 
sioners of  the'  admiralty,*  we  have   already  stated 


'S-c  leticrr  K. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— MACKENROfS  MEMoIR^.  51 


iJie  outlines  of  some  hig-h  crimes  and  misdemeanors 
of  which  captain  Cochrane  was  guilty,  when  acting; 
in  I80()and  1807,  as  a  kind  of  commodore  of  anum- 
ber  of  small  crafts  on  the  Tortola  station,  whicli 
Was    tlien   considered   the  best  cruising  srround  in 
the   West  Indies,    and  yielded  a  great  number  of 
prizes.     !?vlav/,  all  colonial  produce,  such  as  sug'ar, 
coffee,  cocoa,  cotton,  iiuligo,  &c.  captured  on  bo:u-d 
of  any  vessels,  and  condemned  as  prizes  of  war  in 
the  vice-admiralty  courts,  is  considered  as  produce 
of  the  British  colonies,   and  cannot  be  exported 
otherwise  than  in    liritinh  boltoim,  mn-i^ated  accord- 
iti"-  to  law,  and  bound  direct  to  a  port  in  the   United 
Kingdom  af  Great  liritain.  ]>isregarding- these  enact- 
ments, however,  cuptain  Cochrane  made  agreements 
with  the  claimants  to  ransOm,  or,  after  condemna- 
tion, generally  to  re-sell  all  his  prizes  tb  tlie  origi- 
nal owners,  at  a  certain  price,  whicli,  oWiitg-  to  tlie 
peculiiir  situation  of  Eui-opean  politics  at  tliat  time, 
and  the    exclusion  of  the  British   flag   from  most 
ports  on  the  continent,  they  could  afford  to  pay  at  a 
Iiiglier  rate  than    the  bona  fide  Kritlsli  merchants, 
who  M'cre  obliged  to  import  their  produce  to  the 
depressed  markets   in  England.     Upon  these  con- 
ditions,   the    said  neutral    claimants    relinquished 
their  right  of  appealing  against    the   sentence   of 
condemnation,   and  were  allowed  to  export   such 
cargoes    of  colonial  produce,  in  fureigri  bottoms,  to 
the  then  Danish  island  of  St.  Thomas,  io  the  United 
Htotes  of  .America,   Denmark,   France  or   Spain,    as 
best  suited  their  speculative  views.     To  crown  tills 
scene  of  iniquity,  Captain    Cochrane  himself,    pre- 
sently convoyed  with  his  frigate,  or  ordered  otlier 
king's  ships  to  convoy,  these  ransomed  prizes  safe- 
ly to  the  harbor  of  St.  Tlionias,  where  new  clear- 
ances were  taken  out  for  their  ulterior  destinations. 
In  tliis  manner,  colonial  produce  to  the  amount  of 
half  a  million  sierling,  has  been  exported  mider  the 
immediate  protection  of  that  arch-smuggler,  cap- 
tain, now  sir  Thomas  John  Cochrane,  Knt.  with  the 
culpable  Connivance  of  the   custom-liouse  officers, 
judge,   king's  proctor  aiid  ki.ig's   agent,   in  the  isl- 
and of  Tortola, 

The  author,  at  the  time,  repeatedly  remonstra- 
ted with  captain  Cochrane  against    his  illegal  pro- 
ceedings, and  threatened  at  last  to  send  some  pri- 
vateers after  tliese  ransomed  prizes,  to  detain  them 
again,    and  bring  them  back  to  the  port  of  Torto- 
la, for  a  second  adjudication.     lie    was   answered, 
however,  that  if  the  said  privateers  could  engage  and 
silence  the  guns  of  'his  majestfs''  ship  Jason,  then  un- 
der his  command,    the  experiment  might   certaii}lij  be 
tried;   but  that  otherwise  it  would  lead  to  the  im- 
press of  their  crevv's,    and  consequent  ruin   of  the 
owners.     Against  such  odds,  there  was  no  chance. 
From  particidar  circvmistances,  the  author  was  pre- 
vented from  trying  tiiis  question,  both  in  court  and 
at  sea.     Change  of  residence,  &o.  occasioned  his  si- 
lence for  some  time,  till  at  length,  about  four  years 
ago,  he  laid  the  subject  before  the  lords  commis- 
sioners of  'his   majesty's'  treasury,    the   board  of 
trade,  and  the  court  of  exchequer;  who  immediate- 
ly appointed    a   speci:;l    commission  of  enquiry  to 
proceed  to  the  Vv'est-lndies  for  the  purpose  of  e.K- 
aming  into  the  abuses  complained  of. 

Mr.  Mackenrot  then  closes  his  memoir  of  sir 
Thomas  John  Coclirane,  by  a  few  remarks  relative 
to  tlie  fra\id  upon  the  stock  exchange;  of  which  tlie 
tollowing  only  are  wortli  extracting: 

Mr.  De  Berenger  declares,  he  refused  a  fortune 
and  a  pardon  by  saving  lord  Cochrane;  andv/e  now 
beg  to  ask  Mr.  De  Bcrenger,  Vvhetlier  Mr.  Cochrane 
.TQhustone,  or  both  together,  have  not  iqjplicd  to 
■ftim,  finri  propo.-jed  to  gave  their.,  by  saddling  aiiolhpr 


noble  lord  with  his  offence;  which  he  indignmt'y 
refused? 

We  ask  Mr.  Halloway,  one  of  the  ConspiratorSj 
whetlier  he  \V'as  not  actual Iv  employed  by  lord  Coch-- 
rane  and  iNTr.  Cochrane  Johnstone,  to  procure  the 
execution  of  this  fraud,  to  save  them  from  impend-' 
ing  ruin,  and  wlidther  he  did,  in  contemplation 
thereof,  engage  Mr.  Sandom,  W.  Lyte  and  Mr, 
M'Krae,  who  became  his  willing  tools,  and  acted 
the  under-plot  in  the  post  chaise  and  four,  whicli 
came  f  om  N'orthHeet,  and  went  over  London  bridge 
and  lUackfriar's  bridge? 

We  ask  lord  Coclirane  himself,  if  he  did  not 
press,  nay,  force  De  Berenger  to  perform  the  jjcr-' 
sonification  of  colonel  Du  Roiirg,  and  wheth.er  some 
remaining  qualms  of  conscience  did  not  malce  Dd 
iJerenger  stO]j — pause  aiid  hesitate-^as  tlie  proposal 
was  first  bro.'.ched  to  him,  and  tliat  he  only  yicided 
in  consideration  of  the  many  oblig.itions  he  waS  un* 
der  to  lord  Coclitane  and  liis  uncle.  We  are  hap'< 
py   to  find,  that  these  conspirators  haVe   f  dlcn   out 


among  themselves,  for-  there  exists  no  iriendsliip 
inter  nialos,  and  tiiat  the  while  cDrrespondence  in 
on  the  point  of  being  published.  lii  a  note  tliO 
autlior  states  that  it  ims  since  been  publis'ned. 

He  regrets  greatly  tlie   escape  of  Mr.  Cochrane 
Johnstone,    the  head  and  chief  of  this  conspir.icy* 
After  enumerating  the  many  instances  of  peculiar' 
boldness    and   duplicity   exhibited  by  this  gentle-" 
man  in  the  above  affair,  and  tlie  mtcornnion   iuu'dii 
hood  displayed   by  him  in  avowing  his   innocence, 
upon  his  Iionor,  in  the   liouse  of  commons;   the  au- 
tlior asks,  wiiithcr  \\iU  he  go?     In  what  remolccor" 
ner   of  the    earth  will  he  hide  his  heuV     Loaded 
with  infamy,  perjury  av.d  fr.aud,  what  country  will 
receive  him?     No  part    of  tlie   globe  inhabited  by 
civilized  men,  will  grant  him  an  asxlum:  no,  not  even 
the  moimtains  of  liavti,  nor  the  savannahs  of  thd 
Mississippi  and  Missouri.     In  tlie  back  settlements 
of  the  United  States,  not  even  a  cobler  would  asso-* 
ciate  with  him;  he   has  fairly  himted  himself  out 
of  society,  and  must  err  over  tlie  wide  world  as  an 
outlaw,  and  being*  64  years  of  age,  lie  wiU  perhaps 
never  have  the  satisf.ictiou  of  in  pa.'ria  niori. 

Lord  Cochrane  is  somewhat  better  siuiatedj  foi'j 
afierhis  tine  and  imprisonment  are  over,  he  may 
endeavor  to  make  himself  conspicuous  by  t!ie  ma-" 
cliinritions  of  faction,  where  still  he  has  his  formei* 
services  to  plead  in  his  favor. 

We  shall  now  subjoin  the  correspondence  w'hicll 
the  author  had  with  persons,  'high  in  office,'  rela^ 
lative  to  the  matters  Jierein  detailed:  V/e  lif ;pu 
with  letter  A  on  the  subject  of  the  Danish  and  D.itch 
loans. 

(fOPT.) — A 

"To  the  right  honorable  lord  viscount  Ca^Stlcreaghj 
St.  .fames'  square. 
Horn  Ta-Ki-n,  l^octor^s  Coinmom,  M.vch  15//i,  1811, 
JIT  Lonn — The  qicuiion  of  the  Danish  a.id  O  itcll 
loan   in  the  island  of  St.  Croix,  in    he  West  Indies, 
having  lately  been  heard  before  the  rigiit  honorable, 
ilie  lords  of  a]:.pc.d  f.-r  prizes,  and  having  'oeen  con-; 
demned   bv  the   court  of  vice-admirairy  of  Tortol.t 
to  the  captors,  and  not  to  the  crown,  I  t;ike  tiie  'u 
Ijertyof  offering  a  few  observations  on  tliis  head  to 
your  lorc'Siiip. 

I  remember  that  immediately  after  the  condemn  - 
tion  of  the  s:ud  loans  to  tiie  captors  in  lyOS,  "at  Ihd 
time  wlien  vour  !ords!iip  was  at  the  head  of  the  co-< 
loni.il  department,   you  dis.ipprovi.nl  highly  of  thi> 
measure,  so    injurious    to   the  rigiits  ruid  interc- 
of  the  crown;  .and  tiiat  jour  lordsiiip   directed 
late  general  Harcourt,  the-",    governor  of  the  ■ 
of  s't".  <"TOiXs  to  distjosses-s  the  agenda  oft' 


52     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,   SEPTEMBER    23,    ISU. 


of  the  bona?,  and  such  instalments  of  pi^^menta  of  the  jud(j;'e  and  senior  king's  counsel,  iind  regretted 
siin-ar,  8:c.  as  had  been  by  them  received  on  ac-  their  not  having'  an  opportunity  to  g'ive  them* 
cofint  of  the  aioi'csaid  loans,  that  your  lordship  se-  j  smart  professionrd  lasjiing;  but  not  being  crowrt 
Merely  reprima'ided  'he  judp-e  of  the  vice-admiral- j  lawyers,  nor  otherwise  retained  in  the  cause,  they 
ty  prize  court  of  Tortola,  and  the  khig's  isroctor  ofifrrbore  to  voluutccr  against  the  predetermined  and 


the  said  island,  for  this  manifest  saciiiiee  of  th.. 
interests  of  tlie  crown,  directing  them  to  justiiy 
their  conduct,  and  to  assign  tlie  reasons  for  their 
proccctlini^. 

I  douhl,  that  your  lordship  has  been  able  to  fa- 
thom (ise  depth  of  tiiis  abj.ss  of  iniquity,  and  neg- 
lect of  duty  on  the  part  of  the  aforesaid  two  law 
ofJiccrs;  but  being  myself  acquainted  with  all  the- 
parliculars  of  the  case,  I  think  it  a  diity  incumbent 
on  me  to  acquaint  jour  lords'iiji  with  tlie  same. — 
thei'efore  assure  your  lordship  that  it  was  noth.ing 
Ise  but  broad,  open  corruption  and  bribery.  No 
judg-e,  ever  since  the  days  of  Uemostlienes,  was 
more  g'.'.ilty  of  bribery  and  corruption  than  the 
Worshipful  and  honoi'able  James  RoL'crtson,  his  ma- 
jesty's cliicf  ji:stice  of  the  court  of  king-'s  bench, 
and  ]udge  of  the  court  ot  vie e-auniiralty  of  Tortola, 
was,  in  this  insta^nce. 

It  was  perfectly  settled  bctvrcen  the  honorable 
Andrew  Cochrane  Johnstone,  as  agent  for  the  cap- 
tors, and  the  aforesaid  two  law  officers;  that  the 
said  Danixii  and  Dutch  loans  shoulrl  be  condemned 
to  the  captors;  in  consideration  of  which  tiie  for- 
mer agi-eed  to  pay  to  the  latter  a  large  sum  ofnio- 
ney,  about  5,000.'.  under  the  general  denomination 
of  {'ees,  without  siibmitthig  the  same  to  taxation, 
as  prescribed  by  law,  otlierwise  tlie  said  agent 
tlu-catened  to  dispute  ihe  ju.risdiction  of  the  court 
of  vice-admiralty  of  Tortohi,  arrd  bring  the  said 
causes  to  trial  in  the  courts  of  vice-admiralty  of 
Antigua,  or  Harbadoes.  ThuS',  this  pusillanimous 
and  avaricious  judge,  forgetful  of  his  duty,  and  fear- 
ing to  miss  the  opportunity  of  amassing  such  ex- 
tr.iordinar)'  large  fees,  swallowed  the  bait  that  was 
held  out  to  hir.i  by  the  wily  agent,  and  actually  en- 
gi-.ged,  bfjh'c-htiud,  to  condemn  the  said  loans  to 
tlie  Captors. 

In  order  to  explain  this  fact  hf  farther  elucida- 
ti:ju,  I  beg  leave  to  submit  to  your  lordsliip  tlie 
.following  details.  I  resided  at  that  period  in  the 
isLoul  of  Tortola,  following  tlie  occupation  of  prize 
ag-Liit;  in  the  pursuit  of  wi)ich  business  I  constantly 
aitended  the  sittings  of  the  vicc-adniiralty  prize 
coiut,  whetlier  my  own  imirK'diate  concerns  and 
interesis  required  it  or  not.  On  the  morning-  of  tJic 
day  fixed  for  the  trial  of  the  D.iuish  loans,  I  per- 
fectly remember  liaving  had  a  large  party  of  gen- 
tlemen at  breakfast  at  my  house,  wliicli  happened 
to  be  situated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  coiu-t  liouse, 
whitiier  we  all  intended   to  go,  to  hear  tlie  trial  of 


said  lo.in:  bul-,  as  iniquity  always  siiuns  publicity,  tlie 
kinc:':-.  proctor,  George  Clarke  Forbes,  Esqr.  whose 


vowed  parti;ility  of  the  judge:  but  Mr.  Hamilton 
being  a  yoTuig  man,  just  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
decorated  with  a  silk  gown,  eagerly  embraced  this 
opportunity  of  rising  in  fame,  and  meriting  tlie  ap- 
probation of  liis  majesty's  ministers,  by  moving  the 
t!ie  court  to  condeirn  these  loans  to  the  crown.—- 
He  conimunici%ted  Ids  design  to  me,  whereupon  I 
advised  him  to  give  notice  thereof  to  the  judge 
without  loss  of  time.  Mr.  Hamilton  accordingly 
waited  ujiou  his  honor  immediately,  at  his  cham- 
bers, but  was  received  with  frowns,  and  sternly 
told,  that  by  the  rules  of  the  court,  he  ought  to 
give  three  days  notice  previous  to  making  the  mo- 
tion; that  the  cause  had  been  set  down  for  a  final 
hearing  and  sentence  on  that  very  day,  and  tliat  hcy 
t!ic  judge,  would  on  no  account  allow  it  to  be 
f/ostpoiied. 

After  thi-i  the  coiu't  was  opened;  the  commort 
foi'ms  were  mechanically  gone  through,  and  ther 
loans  were  condemned  to  the  captors,  nem.  con. — ~ 
The  judge  thus  disgraced  the  bench  by  vending 
justice,  and  improperly  advocating  the  cause  of  the 
captors  against  the  king  his  sovereign  for  bas  e 
lucre;  and  even,  afterwards  he  expressed  his  im- 
eoncern  about  the  sensation  which  his  strang-e  pro- 
ceedings might  produce  in  liis  majesty's  cabinet: 
adding,  that  he  cared  very  little  for  what  minis- 
ters might  do — that  having  been  better  paid  by  the 
captors  than  lie  wi^dd  have  been  by  the  king,  they 
could  at  the  utmost  only  suspend  him,  and  then  he 
intended  to  retire  on  his  pension  for  life,  the  situa- 
tion of  judge  of  the  vice-admiralty  prize  court  hav- 
ing become  less  desirable  on  account  of  the  fees 
being  lessened  by  the  decrease  in  the  number  of 
eiiptures. 

This  gentleman  has  now  retired  to  the  United 
States  of  America,  being  a  great  admirer  and  parti- 
zan  of  the  democratic  pi-inciples  of  that  country,* 
and  has  appointed  Mr.  Alaurice  Lisle  to  be  his  sur- 
rogate, to  the  great  scandal  and  disgrace  of  the  whole 
bar;  this  Mr.  l.islc  being  a  noted  yankee,  who  al- 
lowed the  king's  health  to  be  refused  to  be  drank 
by  an  American  at  his  own  table.f  on  occasion  of  a 
public  dinner  given  by  liim;  for  which  M'autof  loy- 
alty he  Was  excluded  from  all  society,  deprived  or 
his  rank  of  colonel  in  the  militia,  and  only  escaped 
the  most  summary  corporal  chastisement,  on  ac- 
count of  his  old  age   and  other   infirmities. 

I  determined  on  communicating  to  your  lordship 
these  particulars,  as   the    events   here   alluded    to 


took  place   during  your  lordship's   adifiinistration, 

and  the  pending  litigation  is  now  drawirjg  towards 

^ffi;. .  ,.".     .,„*!"•  i    1       *       1  XI     I  a  conchision;  conceiving  tliat  the  knowledge  of  the 

otnce  was  nest  door  to  mine,  requested  me  and  Mr.  L  i        i    ...  ..       i-^i-  i  \  ^a-    4.„ 

r    n  n-,\-/-tK„„  .f       t  ■         ^  s      ^t  true  and  real  state  ot  things,  and  causes  and  effects 

tr.  t).  Dix  (then  an  agent  foi- claimants)  not  to  go  up  • 


to  the  couri 


^,           -      ].               .,                             •   I  must  be  hia;hlvnecessai-y  for  the  etudance  andiudg- 
L-house,  and  to  m-evail  oil  mv  «onii)aii\  I  ^     C^\      t'    1       C  1        U     1       ,  1   41  ■      •   , ,. 

->icr. -^    .,..„•„  i-  ^t      V         1  •         ,■    1  •     ment  of  the  lords  of  appeal,  who  heard  tins  impor- 

also  lo  iibstajn  troin  attending,  becaase,  ouotii  he.    ,     ,  i     ..  ii    •     t     ..     v*-  tu    ■i-'*u 

«H,.^  ;,.  !„.,  „••  I       +    I         ♦!  •  T    •      1-     tant  cause  argued  at  their  last  sittings  on  the  loth 

the  pidee  wislies  to  bear  tlus  cause,  and  t'lve  his    •     ^     ^   .    ^  i^r        j    •   •  ,.  *       i-  ^^   „„  i„  , 

o.,,  +  •     ti  *      •     <  ..1    .1      ..      instant,  but  deferred  giving  sentence  to  a  future  dav. 

sentence;  in  tlie  most  private  manner — that  he,  Mr.        t.  ..i      i  *     i  i     j  i     ai-^'„ 

-    •  -    -  ^  '  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  mv  lord,  your  lordship  s 


F.  julended,  merely,  after  th*:  crier  opened  the 
Court,  to  read  t!ie  ailegauonsv  and  there  being  no 
claim  or  opposition,  the  judue  would  pass  inime- 
diateh'  sentence  of  condcniualiou,  as  aU'eadv  agreed 
upon."  Your  lordship  will  jilease  to  v/eigh  and 
duly  interpret  tlie  meaning  of  tiicse  v/ords.    Among 


mtvst  obedient  ami  humble  servant, 

A.  M'KENllOT. 


*  Surely  IMr.  M'Kenrot  must  by  this  time  be  con- 
vinced from  his  owni  observations,   that  our  'demo- 

__ ^    cratic  principles'  are  much  purer  than  'royal'  ones. 

my  comi^any  was  a  .Mr.  S'uughan  Hamilton,  a  bai°-ic)ur  princijiles  do  not    breed  such  monsters  as  he 
ristcrand  junior  king's  counsel;  and  Messrs.  Grant  i  lias  ticscribed  in  bis  memoirs. — Am.  Eu. 
nnd  Khnpson,  also  piac'ltio-iers    at  the  bar.     The!       i-VVe  are  of  opinion  .Mr.  ]Maurice  Lisle  knew  the 
7?fter  gcjukmen,   bein;.;  in(l([)endent  niei>,  express-'  Americans  betttr  th.a;.i_AIr.  M'Kcnrot.     Force  WOUt 
cd  the  grr.:tc.:.t  indv-naneu  vX  t.k«  tast  cMnduvX  t;fl«iy. — A^i.  Kb. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— MAGKENROt'S  MEMOIRS.  53 


A  few  days  afi  erwards,  the  author  received  fi'om 
his  lordsliip,  tlie  following  answer: 
*'To  A.  M'Kcm-ot,  esquire,  Horn  Tavern,  Doctor's 
Cormiions. 
St.  James''  Square,  March  26,  1811. 
*'Lord  Castlereagh  presents   his  compliments  to 
Mr.  M'Kcnrot,  and  begs  to  refer  him  on  the  subject 
of  his  letter  to  lord  Liverpool,  now  secretary  of  state 
for  the  colonies,  to  whom  he  has  taken  the  liberty  of 
transmitting  Mr.  M'lvenrot's  commimication." 

The  author  in  a  note  very  modestly  disclaims  the 
idea  of  his  letter  having  had  any  weight  with  the 
court  of  appeals.  It  so  happened,  however,  that  the 
colonial  sentence  was  reversed,  and  the  lo.ms  con- 


Jenuied  to  the  crown. 


B. 


"To  William  AVilberforce,  esq.  M.  V. 

Lan(lon,J^'ovember  \7th,  1813. 

Sin — As  j'ou  have  always  been  one  of  the  pri\ici- 
pal  promoters  of  Hi*  abolition  of  the  slave  trade,  1 
Think  it  very  expedient  to  inform  you  of  a  gross 
abuse  of  this  liumane  act  still  existing  in  the  Bri- 
tish West  India  colonics,  in  direct  cantravention 
of  the  provisions  of  the  legislature,  enacting,  that 
the  slaves  on  board  of  every  prize  ship  taken  bv  a 
British  cruiser,  shall  be  drafted  into  his  majesty's 
navy,  or  land  fqrces,  and  tliat  women  and  others  not 
fit  for  that  purpose,  shall  be  bound  to  some  trade 
ibr  14  years.  Two  American  slave  vessels,  the  bi-ig 
Amadca,  Johnston,  master,  and  the  schooner  Nancy, 
Tidal,  master,  were  condemned  early  in  1808,  in 
the  court  of  vice-admiralty  in  the  Island  of  Tortola, 
but  instead  of  being  disposed  of  as  aforesaid,  si; 
Alexander  Cochrane,  then  commander  in  chief  of 
his  majesty's  naval  forces  on  the  Leeward  islai\d 
station,  contrived  to  obtain  possession  of  all  these 
unfortunate  blacks,  about  200  in  number,  by  a  con- 
nivance of  the  judge  and  the  navy  agent,  and  sent 
them  to  Trinidad,  to  be  employed,  that  is  to  sav, 
forced  to  work,  and  flogged,  on  a  sugar  estxite  of 
his  own,  witliout  taking  even  a  single  man  into  the 
navy  or  armj-.  Having  purchased  a  large  Spanish 
prize  schooner  (a  Guineaman  of  his  own  creation) 
for  the  purpose  of  transporting  them  to  Trinidad; 
he  chartered  also  tlie  brig  Busy,  Fitzp;itrick,  mas- 
ter, in  addition  to  wjiich  lie  c.iuscd  a  brig  of  war  to 
convoy  those  disgraceful  c:u-goes  from  Tortola  to 
Trinidad. 

The  legislature  never  intended  to  bind  slaves,  or 
more  projDerly  speaking,  liberated  blacks,  to  the 
trade  of  digging  cane-holcs  or  other  toilsome  ope- 
rations of  a  sugar  plantation,  and  the  noble  admi- 
ral suflercd  himself,  cert.anly,  in  this  instance,  to 
be  carried  a  great  deal  too  fir  by  his  avarice.  He 
might  have,  perliaps,  employed 'on  his  estate  one 
dozen  of  men  in  tlie  diflerent  trades  of  coopers, 
carpenters,  masons,  blacksmiths,  and  the  like,  but 
working  as  field  negroes  is  certainly  not  a  trade 
within  the  meaning  and  intention  of  the  statute. 

Sir  Alexander  Cochrane  being  now  in  this  coim- 
try,  you  may  call  hmi  to  an  account,  as  I  under- 
stand he  is  shortly  to  go  abroad  again  to  take  u])on 
himself  a  command;  and  you  may  make  use  of  m\ 
name  and  knowledge  of  the  circumstances  above 
alluded  to,  in  any  shape  vou  thi;ik  fit,  so  tlie  libe- 
raliou  of  the  aforesaid  Africans  is  thereby  efiected, 
whose  lives  would  otherwise  be  wasted  in  this 
slavish  occupation,  and  at  the  expiration  of  their 
cruel  apprcnticcship,they  \\A\  be  left  probably  to  beg 
or  starve  any  wliere,  but  on  sir  Alexander'.s'  estate. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  sir, 
yom-  most  luimble  servant,         A.  M'KEXB'JT." 

*Oii  U.c  subject  of  the  200  shvcs  sint  in  sir  A" 
CO(;iirane  to  Trinit'.ad. 


On  the  same  subject. 

"To  the  right  honorable  lord  Holland. 

London,  December  S!h,  1813. 
MT  tonn— Finding  tiiat  your  lordship  has  nolilv 
espoused  the  cause  of  the 'general  abolition  of  the 
slave  trade,  in  tlie  jiouse  of  lords,  on  Monday  last, 
with  a  view  of  introducing  it  universally  into  the 
politics  of  all  the  civilized  nations  in  amitv  Vv-ith 
this  countr}-;  I  humbly  beg  leave  to  accj  i;un"t  vour 
lordsliip,  that  a  flagrant  abuse  of  this  law  still  ex- 
ists in  some  of  thi-  P.iiiish  West  India  colonies,  as 
stated  in  the  enclosed  copy  of  my  letter  of  tlie 
17th  ult.  to  Mr.  Wilberforce,  who,  in  answer,  was 
pleased  to  call  it  an  interesting-  comrnunication, 
and  promised  to  bestow  liis.fuU  attc'-.tivr.i  to  so  im- 
portant a  subject.  I  therefore  titist,  that  your  lo;  d- 
ship  will,  on  your  part,  plead  the  cause  of  our  suf- 
feriijg  fellow  creatures,  in  the  house  of  peei's,  as 
it  will  require  tlie  interposition  of  tlie  highest  au- 
thority, to  make  the  titled  offender  in  qiic'stio;i,  re- 
linquish Ids  usurped  interest  in  the  lives  and  liber- 
ties of  these  200  Africans,  worth  to  him,  at  the 
most  moderate  comptitations,  from  100  to  .t'150,000. 
I  have  the  hojior  to  be,  mv  lord,  vour  loi-dship'.s 
mosfhumble  servant,  "     A.  ."si'lvKXROT, 

late  a  v>ajistrate  in  the  iskindof  Tortola. 
D. 
_  On  the  cowardic-e  of  sir  Alexander  Cochrane  and 
sir  John  Borlase  Warren,  as  the  autlior  subsequent- 
ly informs  us., 

"I'o  the  right  hon.  lord  Henry  Pa-.det. 

.Id.niraltu  Oj/ice,  S\''o-"nnr)er25,  181.3. 
iMT  LORD— Knowing  tliat  your  lordship  is  pcrfcct- 
1}-  acquainted  wi'h  naval  discipline,  with  the  regu- 
lations of  the  se^^•ice,  .and  the  nature  of  court-m.ar- 
tials,*  and  of  course  a  better  judge  of  tiiese  inat- 
ters  tlian  some  of  your  noble  coUeaguos  in  orlice, 
possibly- can  6",  I  am  desh'ous  to  lay  before  yotir 
lordship  a  statement  of  facts,  from  wliich  it  will 
clearly  appear,  that  two  gullant  admirals,  whom  I 
.sliall,  at  present,  forbear  to  name,  have,  upon  cer- 
tain occasions,  not  done  their  utmost  to  capture, 
burn,  sink  and  destroy,  the  enemy's  squ..dron, 
wliich  they  had  in  tlieir  power  to  do.  I  .am  astonished 
tliat  these  circumstances  have  never  been  enquired 
into;  and  I  beg  to  know,  when  I  may  v.'ait  on  wj'or 
lordships  in  private,  to  submit  tlie  pai'ticidars  of  the 
aforesaid  charges. 

I  h.ave  the  lionor  to  be.  Sec." 
Tliese  charges  related  to  tjtc  esc.ipe  of  the  Roclie- 
fort  squadron:  and,  although  lord  Henry  appointed 
an  interview  with  the  author  at  the  .idiniralty,  yet 
when  he  heard  the  names  of  the  aforesaid  two  ad- 
mirals mentioned,  he  drew  back,  and  let  tlic  matter 
slip  over. 

E. 
^  Containing  vjirlous  charges  against  sir  Alexander 
Cociirane,  K.  B.  and   sir  Thomas  John   Cochrane 
"To  the  right  honorable  the  lords  corn.iiissioners 
of  the  admiralty. 
2,  Park  Place,  Chamderwell,  Juki  2,  1814. 
MY  Lonns— I  now  take  tiie   liberty  of  submitting 
to  yom- lords  hip. s,   here  enclosed,   c'liarges  in  writ- 
ing, ag.a!nst  vice-admiral  sir  Alexander  Crichrane   K 
B.  and  ag.tinst  captain  sir  Tjiomas  Joiin  'Jochranc'  k' 

*Thc  author  has  here  a  long  note,  statins  th  it 
lord  Henry  Paulet,  when  a  post  c.iptain,  trTd  ]  U 
iiijutenant  by  court  mai-ti:il;  who,  being  hor.oi-iOiv 
acquitted,  tried  his  lordship  Li  turn.  His  lordship 
was  condemned,  dismissed  the  service,  but  after- 
w.u-ds  reinstated,  promoted  to  ;»  rear-admM-  1  and 
a  sv-at  ut  the  admiraLt^•  bo:a-d.  ^ 


54    KILES'  WEEJvLY  REGISTIilR— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  2S,  181^ 


I  have  fioqncnily  endeavored  to  bring-  tlicsc  of- 
fenders to  jufcilice,  wliich  has  been  hitlierto  evaded 
bv  \T.rioiis  circumstances,  such  as,  the  absence  of 
the  oflcndcrs  and  witnesses,  and  the  like;  but,  more 
particularly,  by  your  lord.sliips'  apparent  and  ex- 
treme reliictancc,  and  contemptuous  silence;  in 
consequence  of  vrliicli,  I  hare  thought  it  expedient  to 
collect  better  legal  information  on  tliis  svd^jcct,  and 
to  bring'  the  matter  ag-ain  under  your  lordships'  cog- 
nisance, as  prescribed  by  lav.-,  and  in  such  a  shape 
(iH  I  conceive  yom*  lordships  to  be  in  duty  bound, 
to  cause  further  iuvesligation  to  be  made  fonh- 
vith.  Yo!U-  lordsliips  Avill  be  pleased  to  permit 
inc  to  anticipate  an  arg-ument,  whicli  possibly  may 
be  started  as  an  o!)jection  ag-ainst  tlie  great  lapse 
of  time  since  the  alleged  offences  were  committed; 
in  reply  to  which  I  beg  leave  to  observe  to  your 
lords), i])s,  that  although  upwards  of  three  years 
have  eh:psed  since  the  commission  of  sir  Alexan- 
der Cnclirnne's  oflences,  your  lordships  must  be 
aware,  tliat  he  only  retui-ned  v/ithin  the  last  twelve 
jTionthsfrom  abroad,  when  lie  gave  up  his  govem- 
r.icntof<lie  island  of  Guadalnupe;  therefore  your 
lordships  will  allow  that  I  am  perfectly  within  the 
limitations  of  slat.  22,  Geo.  cap.  33.  sect.  22. 

Your  lordships  must  also  be  aware,  that  by  Hie 
provisions  of  section  24  of  the  same  act,  I  coidd 
lay  an  informal  ion  or  an  indictment  against  sir 
Alexander  Cochr;iiie,  for  converting  his  majesty's 
{ij'.ip  Relleiile  into  a  muler,  and  recover  a  penally* 
in  any  coiu-t  of  justice;  hut  I  despise  such  ways  of 
acquu'ing  money,  alfhouq-h  sh-  Jllcxaiider  dues  not  — 
I  only  stand  up  for  public  justice. 

As  to  captain  Coc!u-ane,  it  matters  little,  whetlier 
vour  lordsliips  will  be  pleased  to  order  a  coiu't 
martial  on  liim,  o'r  not,  as  I  liave,  years  ago,  laid  a 
conipiiiint  about  this  nefarious  transaction  before 
the  lord's  commissioners  of  Iiis  mtijesty's  treasury 
who  did  not  sutler  my  representations  to  lay  on  ti.e 
wjeif,  like  your  lordships,  but  appointed  instantly 
&.  commission  of  special  enquiry,  who  proceeded 
t  J  tliC  West  Indies,  to  investigate  this  mattei-,  and 
to  report  thereon,  vv'hich  said  commission  has  re- 
turned, but  their  report  has  been  delayed:  I  pre- 
sume on  account  of  die  late  conflagration  of  the 
custom-house  on  Thames-street;  wliere  the  docu- 
ments were  deposited,  It  therefore  remains  open 
to  me  to  indict  captiiin  Cochrane  in  tlie  court  of 
king-'s  bench,  or  to  get  liim  impeached  in  parlia- 
ment for  high  crimes  ;uid  misdemeanors. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  due  respect,  my  lord, 
vour  lordslups  most  humble  serv*int, 

A.  M'KEXROT." 
Charges  aj^ain St  hir  Alexander  Forrester  Cochrane,  K. 
B.  inclosed  in  the  Jnreq-oiiig  letter.- 

1.  T,  Antliony    M-Kenrot,  late   ;i  justice  of  the 

Iieacc  In  certain  parts  of  his  mpjesly's  dominions 
)e)ond  sea,  called  the  island  of  I'ortola,  in  tlie 
Vv'cst  Indies,  do  solemnly  charge  and  accuse  vice- 
a.lmiral  the  honorable  sir  Alexander  Forrester 
Cochrane,  to  have  been  g-iiilty,  ou  llie  6lh  day  of 
July,  1806,  when  commander  in  chief  of  the  Lcc- 
v.-ard  island  station,  of  not  n^aking  the  necessarv 
preparations  to  fight  the  Frencli  squadron  under 
admiral  WIllaiUTiez  and  Jerome  Bonaparte,  off  the 
island  of  I'ortola  and  St.  Thomas,  and  of  not,  in 
his  "proper  person  ar.d  :iCcortling  to  his  place,  en- 
couraging his  inferior  ot!lcers  and  men  to  figlit 
courageously:  of  with<lrawlng,  through  cowardice 
»nd  negligence,  kee])ing  back,  and  not  coming  Into 
engagement  with  the  said  French  squadron,  and  of 

*Thc  author  lierc  notes  the  penalty,  -,-luch  is  for 
"i^iture  of  t-3:.e  g-ocdt;,  or  £5^)0, 


not  doing  his  utmost  to  take  or  destroy  the  said 
French  ships,  he  having  the  power  and  means  of  so 
doing;  and  further  of  forbcai-ing  through  cowardice 
and  negligence,  to  pursue  the  chase  of  the  flving 
French  squadrou  to  the  utmost  of  his  poM-er;  which 
is  a  capital  offence  under  the  lOtli,  12th  and  13th 
articles  of  wai-,stat.  22,  Geo.  2d,c.  oo* 

2.  I  farther  do  charge  and  accuse  sir  .\lcxandcr  F, 
Cochrane  of  having,  in  Die  year  1807,  caused  and 
ordered  to  be  taken  on  board  of  his  majesty's  ship 
Belleisle,  wlien  at  ILdifax,  mule.s,  which, he"caused 
to  be  carried  and  t:-ansporte(l  on  board  his  majesty's 
said  ship  Relleisle,  all  tlie  way  from  Nova  Scotia 
to  tlie  West  Indies,  to  tlie  island  of  Tortola,  where 
tliey  were  landed  and  sold  by  himself  as  merchan- 
dize, for  his  own  profit  and  emolument,  without  en- 
tering them  at  the  custom-liouse:  for  wlilch  act  of 
smuggling  the  said  ship  would  liave  been  liable  to 
seizure,  had  the  officers  of  the  customs  understood 

heir  duty  and  been  willing  to  do  it;  an  offenci; 
punishable  by  the  IStli  article  of  war,  in  the  afore- 
said statute,  ivith  cashiering  and  forever  afterwards 
rendering  such  officer  incapable  of  sening  m  any 
place  or  office  in  the  naval  force  of  his  majesty,  his 
lieirs  or  successors. 

3.  I  fiu-tlier  charge  and  accuse  the  said  sir  Alexan- 
der P'orrester  Cochrane  of  having  purchased,  in 
the  year  1807,  a  large  quantity  of  duck,  which  he 
caused  to  be  paid  for  by  bills  of  exchange  ou  the 
commissioners  for  victualling  his  majestv's  navy, 
purporting  to  be  drawn  for  fresh  beef  supplied  to  his 
majesty's  ships,  then  in  tlie  road  of  Tortola,  by  one 
.iohn  Carruthers,  the  navy  butcher  and  contractor, 
when  in  fact  no  such  fresh  beef  at  all  was  supplied, 
for  the  purpose  and  with  the  view  of  defrauding 
tlie  said  commissioners  for  victualling  his  majes- 
ty's navy;  whish  offence  is  punishable  by  the  24tli 
and  33d  articles  of  war,  witli  dismissing  such  offi- 
cer from  his  majesty's  service, 

4.  t  furtlier  charge  and  accuse  the  said  sir  Alex- 
anderF.Cochrane  of  iiaving  fraudulently  appropriated 
toliimsclf  about  to  200  prize  negroes,  condemned 
to  his  majesty,  under  stat.  47  Geo.  3d,  c,  36,  for  cer- 
tahi  special  ends  aod  purposes,  that  is,  to  be  draft- 
ed into  the  array  and  navy,  and  those  unfit  for  this 
purpose,  to  be  bormd  out  as  apprentices  to  a  trade, 
fqr  which  his  majesty  pays  a  considerable  j^remium 
to  tlie  captors  as  head-money,  viz,  40/,  sterling  for 
every  negi-o  man.  Instead  of  which,  tlie  s;ud  sir 
Alexiuider  Fon-ester  Cochrane,  with  the  connivance 
of  the  judge  of  the  vice-admlralty  court  of  Tortola, 
sent  all  the  negroes,  comjioslng-'the  cargoes  of  the 
American  brig  Ainadea,  Johnson,  master,  and  the 
schooner  Nancv,  Vidal,  master,  in  1808,  to  a  sugar 
plantation  of  ^lis  own,  in  the  ishuul  of  Trinidad, 
where  tlicy  arc  working  to  tjiis  day  as  field  negroes, 
thereby  defrauding  his  majesty  of  tl.'cir  services, 
and  the  negroes  them.selves  of' their  liberty  and  of 
tlie  opportunity  of  learning  a  useful  trade; 'a  crime 
against  the  king,  and  luim.initv,  almost  nameless. 
L'jiidon,  Jidi)  2d,  1814.  A.  M'KEX^ROT." 
Charges  against  sir   Thomas  John  Cochrane,  Knt. 

post  captain  in  the  roi'al  navy. 
I,  Anthony  IVI'Kenrot,  late  a  Justice  of-  the  peace 
in  certain  parts  of  his  iruqesty's  dominions,  bevond 
sea,  called  the  island  of  Tortola  in  the  West  Indies, 

*The  author  here  quotes,  at  foot,  the  saic}  three 
articles  of  ^\  ar,  from  which  it  appears  that  tin;  of. 
fences  before  enumerated  are  punished  with  death; 
excepting  that  of  not  making  due  preparations  to 
fight,  or  of  not  evincing  personal  courage;  which 
arc  ])unished  v,il)i  death,  or  at  t]i#  djiscretiou  3f 
i\}\  cofiyt.  '  ■;  .     ■     ■' 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REft'STPR-UVKNOWN  CORRESPOIS'DEKT.        55 


c!o  solemnly  cluu-f^e  and  accuse  su-  T,ionu;,>  .k.u:i 
Cochrajie,  of  liaving-,  in    1806,  wlien  Gomman'lii-ig 
his  majesty's  ship  Jason,   on  the  Tortola  station, 
fraudii'lentiv  projected,  contrived,  connived  at,  pro- 
tected, and"  actually   effected  the  ille,;yal  exporta- 
tion of  divers  larg-e  f|uai.itities  of  colonial  produce, 
taken  on  board  of  sundry  prize  vessels  condemned 
in  tjie  court  of  vice-admiralty,  in  tlie  island  of  Toi'- 
tola,  from  that  port,  in  foreign  bottomn,  to  foreign 
places,  ports,  and   countries,  cut  of  his  majesty's 
dominions;  contrary  to  the  navig"-ition  act,  and  con- 
trary to  every  statute,   subsequently   passed    and 
enacted,    concerning-  the  colonial  trade,  shipping 
and  prize  matters;  und  of  having  in  open  derelic- 
tion of  his  duty,  ordered  other  king's   ships,  com- 
manded by  inferior  officers,  to  give  convov  to  such 
foreign  vessels,  thus  unlawfully  sailing  from  the 
British  port  and  colony  of  Tortola,   to  the  Danish 
port  of  St.  TJiomas,  and  protecting  them  agauist  tlie 
lawful  search  and  detention  of  other  commissioned 
British  cruisers:  and  of  all  this  being  done  and  effect- 
ed for  vile  lucre,  bribery  and  con-uption;  and  that  un- 
der these  circumstances  the  fuUowing  ships  and 
cargoes  were  illeg\dlyand  criminally  convoyed  and 
f^on'ducted,  by  order  of  tlie  said  sir  Thomas  John 
Cochrane,  Viz.   the  American    ship  Eutaw,  Wliite, 
master,  the  Medusa,  the  Fly,  the  Jane,  the  ^laria, 
the  Cameleon,   the  Swallow,  and  the  Mary,   all  la- 
den with  coffee;  the  entire  cargoes  of  the  llebecca, 
Nieid,  master;  the  Beauty,  M'Krae,  master,  and  the 
ticneral  Eaton,  Kobinson,  master;  also  consisting  of 
St.  Domingo  coffee;  the   ship  Nuestra  Scnora,   del 
Carmen,  the  Evander,  Sturgys;  with  the  Hetty,  the 
Eagie  aiul  the  Cosmopolite,  all  laden  v.'ith  cocoa; 
the  Tartan   and  Columbia,  laden  with  indigo;  from 
Toi'tola  to  St.  Thomas,   as  aforesaid,  to  tlie  great 
detriment  of  the  revenue  of  this  country,  and    to 
the  prejudice  of  tlic  Britisli  shipping  at  large,  whicli 
every    ofticer  in  his   majesty's    navy   is   es]5ecially 
bound  to  protect.  A.  il'lvENKOT. 

London,  July  2d,  1814. 
F. 

On  the  subject  of  the  foregoing  charges,  exhi- 
bited in  ISIO. 

'To  Anthony  M'Kenrot,  esquire,  Horn  Tavern,  Doc- 
tor's Conunons. 
Treasiirtj  Cham/)ei's,  2d  March,  1811. 
Sir — Having  laid  before  the  lords  commissioners 
of  his  m.-jesty's  treasury,    your    letter,,  containhig 
charges  against  certain  officers  in  the  ishmd  of  Tor- 
tola,  of  frauds  practised  against  the  revenue,  col- 
lected  in    that    island  to  a  considerable  extent:  I 
am  commanded  by  their  lordships  to  acquaint  you 
that  tliey  have  directed  an  enquiry  to  be  made  into 
the  circumstances  coiitaincd  therein. 

I  ara,  sir,  your  obediei.-t  servant, 

GEO.  HARRISON. 
G. 
On  the  same  subject. 

"To  A.  M'Kenrot,  esquire,  Horn  Tavern,  Doctor's 
Commons. 
Tvcasiirtj  Chijmbevs,  18r7(  JTiirch,  1812. 
Sin-r-I  am  comnumded  by  the  lords  conmiission- 
ers  of  his  majesty's  treasury  to  acquaint  you,  that 
they  have  directed  yoiu-  letter  of  the  5l1i   instant, 
respecting   tlie  frauds  committed  by  the  custom- 
house officers  of  Tortola,  to  be  transmitted  to  the 


H. 

On  tiic  sam.e  subject. 

"To  A.  M'Kenrot,  esquire,  Horn  Tavern,  Dov^.r'8 
Conunons- 
OJice  of  Ccmvritlec  of  Frivu  Council  fir  Trad^, 
Whitehall,  29ih  April  181 1. 
Sin^The  lords  of  tlie  committee  of  the  council 
of  trade,  liaving  li.id  under  consideration  your  let, 
ter  of  the  lltlt'ult.    wjierein  you  request  to  be  iu- 
foruied  in  what  manner  the  officers  of  the  customs 
at  Tortola    arc  to    be    proceeded  against  for  the 
bi'eacli  of  the  navigation  laws,  of  wliich  you  repre- 
sent  tliem  to   have  been  guilty,   I  ran  directed   to 
acquahit  you,  that  as  the  lords  commissium-rs  (jf  his^ 
majesty's  treasury   have  directed  a  commission  of 
enquiry  intT  tlie  conduct  of  the  said  officers,  to  be. 
issued,'  no  furtlier  steps. can  be  taken  until  the  re- 
port of  sucli  enquiry  sJiall  have  been  received;  and 
if  it  shall  then  appear  that  there  is  sufficient  ground 
for  prosecuthig  the  said  officers,  the  mode  of  pro- 
ceeding must  be   detcnnined  by  the  lords    of  his 
majesty's  treasury,  this  bcbig  a  question  relative  to 
the  public  vevcniic:  you  will  therefore  address  any 
furtlier  :vpplicatjon  which  you  nua'  tliink  jrroper,  to 
the  lords  commissioners  of  his  majesty's  treasury. 
I 


am,  sir,  your  most  obedient,  hiuuble  servant, 

CHETWYND. 

We  have  thus  laid  before  our  readers  a  full    ac- 
count of  the  contents  of  this  extraordinary  inunpli- 
let,    and  in    coacUision,  have  but  two  remarks  to 
make:     If  this  picture,  which    Mr.    M'Kenrot  has 
drawn  in   such  strong  colors,  be  true,  we  exclaim 
with  the  British  chief  justice,  'in  1686,  'the  Lord/ 
grant  that  we  may  never  see  sucli  a  sight  as  that'  i-.i 
the  United  States.     If,  oh  the  other  hand,  they  are 
false,  we  sincerely  hope  that  Mr.  M'Kenrot  may  be 
punished  to    the  utmost  rigor  of  the  laws  of  his 
.  country,  and  that  we  may  have  the  satisfaction  of 
doing  lustice  to  tiie  parties    injured,  by  recording 
tlie  minutes  of  his  trial  in  the  "future  pages  of  tlil.3 
work. 


An  unknown  Correspondent 

Has  transmitted  to  me  a  southern  newspapcr,contaln- 
ing  a  scheme  of  a  lottery,  proposed  to  be  di-awn  to 
assist  the  vestry  hi  the  payment  of  certain  debts,  in- 
curred in  erecting  an  e/nscopal  church.  To  encou- 
rage the  sale  of  thetickets,  the  managers  take  oc- 
casion to  pass  some  encomiums  upon  the  general 
doctrines  and  peculiar  rites  of  tlie  Cliristian  sect  to 
which  they  belong  ;  these  have  olTeuded  our  corres- 
pondent, who  calls  tliem  "church  of  England  prc- 
teuKiom*,"  and  invites  us  to  reprehend  them. 

The  incident  is  unworthy  of  notice  ot!ier  than  it 
affords  a  proj^er  o]i]X)rtunity  for  a  i'cw  general  re- 
marks, tliat  ni;iy  he  useful  to  some,  hi  an  ecclesias- 
tical as  well  as 'a.  po'-'-^^Jcal  sense.  ^      _ 

The  peculiar  tenets  of  any  society  of  proicssing 
Christians  never  iias  been,  and  never  sliull  he,  sub- 
ject to  animadversion  in  tlie  A^'keklt  Rkgisti;?., 
while  the  present  editor  has  the  direction  of  it. 
This  is  a  ride  absolute,  admitting  of  no  exception . 

But  I  h:ive  sometimes  thougiit  that  cerum  per- 
sons, snatching  ;itthe  shadow  and  leaving  the  sub- 
stance of  what  I  have  had  to  say  of  ecclcsiastic.l  ard 
secular  tlungs,    may  have  grossly  misunderstood 


56    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23, 18 i5. 


its  first  c.ipacity  it  stands  on  the  bauovef ;    in  the 

oilier,    1  trufii:,  it  h;iy  its  foundation  on  ttic  Biiile. 

^  '  1  the  priests  of  tliat,  and  all  other  entahliiihcd  re- 

l     yiis,  liave  two  characters  ;  oni'  ecclesia-itica!,  oi>of 


cited  hy  tlie  most  povverrid  feeljngjs,  to  clini^  to  and 
sup]>ort  it.  feunte  m  the  United  States  talk  of  thfc 
high  taxes  theii  have  to  pay — when,  in  fact,  alt  tlie 
taxes  they  have  usually  paid  to  tlie  general  and  sUite- 


4..07) ;  and  the  other  milihirtj,  or  of  htrmn  force — for  |, governments  woald  not  have  su|)])ovtcd  the  Knglink 
there  can  be  notliing-  more  evident  than  th.it  they  \c/iurch,  or  liave  sustained  the  Eiiqlisli  poor-houses,  hy 
extort  their  "livings"  of  tiic  people  by  the  sword  |scvei'al  millions  of  dollars  per  annum  !  These  arc 
of  the  t;-overnmeni.  In  this  last  capacity  tlicy  are  I  the  words  of  soberness  and  tiiith — no  man  will  dare 
fairly  before  us  for  rcm;irk  and  reprclicnsion  ;    but   to  deny  them.     And,  besides,  the  people  oug'ht  to 


AviUi  tlieni,  uS  simple  ecclesiastics,  practising^  j)ecu- 
liar  forms  and  teaching  peculiar  doctrines,  as  ac- 
ceptable to  God,  Wf  have  not  any  thing  do — that  is 
an  aftair  between  them  and  their  hearers  and  fol- 


beai-  in  mind,  that  tlie  "Dissenters"  in  England,  as 
they  are  called,  who  are  very  numerous,  perhaps, 
equal  to  nearly  one  half  of  the  whole  populatiwn, 
while  they  are  compell6<l  to  contribute   such   vast 


lowers,  and  their  Creator;    the  other  is   a  matter  ( sums  to   support  th.e  7in</o?(a/   cA«rc/?,  have  also  t1ie 


between  tiiem  and  us,  as  men  :  one  is  of  the  spirit, 
the  other  of  the  ilesji. 

It  appears  to  me  that  these  distinctions  arc  as 
strongly  marked,  as  if  separated  by  -^.w  Andean  ridge  ; 
yet  some  have  m.i.sttdcen,  or  have  not  comprehended 
the  limits  where  i\ic  Bible  ends,  ami  the  Imiionethe- 
j^ins  ;  and  liave  strangely  supposed  that  when  we 
^peak  of  priests,  paisioncd  by  govcnmient  and  ri- 
otmg  on  tlie  blood  and  sweat  of  the  ]K'ople,  v.  c  mean 


same  oldigations  of  duty,  and  support  r.s  we  do,  by 
voUmtary  acts,  their  own  ministers.  Tliis  is  tlie 
case  in  all  parts  of  the  woi'ld  where  there  are  extab- 
Ushed  ehurcli/'s — and  where  men  are  prrinitfed  to  ivor-- 
ship  Gon  as  theij  believe  mo/it  acceptable  to  Him;  wliicii 
is  not  the  case  m.  sovae.  pretended  Christi.\n  coutr 
tries. 

As  in  mon;a-chical,so  also  in  ecclesiastical  establish- 
ments, there   is  a  "choice   of  evils."     Tliough  the 


to  condemn  the  r(','/\?7o««  o/;/7ij&/(»  tliey  pi'ofess  !  Far  ///vnayjfc  of  all  is  MTong,  some  are  more  liberal  and 
be  it  from  me  to  judge  them.  But,  indeed,  I  con- 1  just  than  others.  Thus,  we  vastly  prefer  the  t'n- 
sider  all  government  chmxhcs — Papal,  Lutheran,  \glish  ecclesiastical  court  (abounding  in  fnil  abuses)  to 
Calvanistic  or  Greek — as  bottomed  upon  and  having]  the  Spanish  inquisition,  the  sink  of  all  that  is  detes- 


Hie  very  same  principle  and  effect.  Creatures  of 
government,  they  Vrheel  about  and  support  it  in  its 
most  disgraceful  measures,  and  change  their  man- 
ner and  fonn  of  worship  as  they  wlio  feed  them 
will  it.  We  have  many  illustrious  instimces  to  the 
eontriU'y,  martyrs  to  their  faith  are  in  number 
enough  to  fill  a  vohmie — but,  compared  witli  those 
who  have  yielded  to  the  changes  of  the  times  to  pre 


til>le:  and  the  English  bishops  (bad  enough)  are  a 
thousand  times  better  than  the  prelates  of  Spain, 
who  have  carried  their  orthodoxy  so  far  as  to  tu'ge 
and  witness  the  roasting  ali\e  of  men  and  women 
for  what  they  had  the  impiety  to  call  the  "good  of 
ChrirJianity!"  So,  also,  in  political  matters,  we  pre- 
ferred the  Bonapartes  to  the  Bourbons — for  though, 
in  some  respects,  the  former  may   have  produced 


serve  then-  fat  pUces,  they  are  like  a  drop  in  the   more  misery  than  the  latter  are  capable  of,  yetihey 


bucket !  At  the  time  of  th.e  "reformation"  in  Eng- 
land, we  are  told  that  of  9000  beneficed  clergymen 
less  than  100  refused  to  conform  to  the  new  order 
of  things  ;  and  the  great  body  of  them  had,  thereto- 
fore, went  backward  and  forward  as  the  govern- 
ment directed.  Nor  v.-as  it  better  in  France,  in  her 
late  revolutions.  Many  priests  sealed  with  tlieir 
blood  the  soimdness  of  tlieir  faitli  in  the  doctrines 


also  had  the  power  to  conceive  and  confer  benefits 
that  the  others  are  incompetent  to.  JVoj&o/eoji's  pub- 
lic woi-ks — Ills  roads,  bridges  and  canals — his  in- 
citements to  agriculture  and  encouragement  of  the 
arts,  will  immensely  advantage  France  for  ages  after 
tlie  miseries  he  caused  are  obliterated:  but,  indeed^ 
we  especially  preferred  the  Bonapnrtes  because  is 

THEIR    ESTABLISKMKNT     WAS    FIXED    A     niGHT    IX     THE 


tiiey  taught ;  but,  t.ikingout  of  th:;  calctilation  the   people  to  change  their  nrLEiis.     This  woidd  have 
indiscriminate  massacres  of  this  class  of  the  people   been  a  grand  point  gained;  and,  in  time,  have  anni- 
by  the  hell-hounds  of  destruction  that  the  disorder- ihilated   that  most  singular   and  self-debasing  idea 
ed  state  of  things  spewed  up,  not  one  in  a  hundred,  I  that  mankind  are  tlie  properti'  of  certain  families. 
perhaps,  refused  tlic  church  service,  as  regidatcd  by       There  are  des^rees  in  the    virtues  as  well  as  in 


the  furious  and  factious  legislators  who  distracted 
that  country,  and  have,  possibl}-,entombed  tlie  liber- 
ties of  Europe  with  the  proceeds  :md  results  of 
their  crimes,  I  presume  it  is,  and  alwa\  s  has  been, 
thus  in  all  countries.  We  have  undoubted  proof 
tti^it  it  Wiis  SQ,  even  among  the  Jeivs ,-  where  the 
priests,  supported  by  the  crown,  offered  incense  to 
i^lols,  or  allected  the  service  of  the  Most  IJigli — as 
it  happened  to  please  the  notions  of  the  man  who 


the  vices  of  men  and  things.  Wc  arc  taught  to 
believe  there  are  angels  titid  arch-angels — and  told 
of  devils  and  arch-devils:  gootl  and  better,  bad  and 
worse.  Kings  and  government  churches  are  all  of 
the  bad  and  worse;  and  whatever  we  have  said  in 
commendation  of  any,  was  only  comparatively,  ap-- 
plied  to  otiiers  of  like  princi])le  and  class.  Wc 
certainly  esteem  tlie  leading  principles  of  the  Bri- 
tish constitution  (if  such   a  thing  tliere  is)  to  the 


distributed  the  loaves  and  t!ie  fishes.  I  sjieak  gene-  summary  and  outrageous  rules  by  wliich  Bonaparte 
rally,  and  this,  I  consider,  the  natural,  the  inevitable \of{.ent\\\\ics  acted — but  1  will  say  this,  and  defy  a  de- 
efl'ect  that  must  eternally  belong  to  cilery  priesthood  nial  of  its  correctness,  that  the  Briush  government 
supported  by  the  sword.  Its  very  constitution  is  |  is  at  least  a:3  ambitious  of  conquest  and  as  unprin- 
tlie  patron  of  h}']»ocrisy  and  deceit;  and  at  warjciplcd  in  the  means  of  arcomplisiiing  it,  as  Bona- 
vith  every  thing  that  belong-s  to  the  dispensations  |/<«r?c  ever  u us.  All  the  civilized  world  has  been 
of  Chk  1ST,  and  rights  of  society.  excited  to  the  hatred  of  A'apolcon  for  his   conduct 

It  is  for  these  reasons,  and  for  tlie  oppressions  of  i  to  Spain.  What  did  he  do  in  tliat  business  which 
tlie  people  that  always  must  be  felt  imder  an  t:':Uib-'.Ejigland  has  not  done  tiuentu  times  over,  in  the  east? 
lished prii:.->thood,  that  we  have  considered  il  a  duty  i  He  forced  a  resignation  of  the  supreme  authority 
to  expose  and  reprehend  it.  It  is  the  gTeat  en- ;  to  hlii^self — he  inipri.voned  tlie  "hgitimate"  prince 
jjine  by  wliich  kings  govern,  prostrating  tlie  "sa-  — he  put  a  man  at  the  head  of  the  government  that 
cTeddesk"  to  subserve  yll  sort'.;  of  villainy.  In  tiie  I  would  subserve  his  VviU — he  sent  hirge  armies  into 
iinited  crimes  and  oppre;:sioiisof  7«o«rt)rA«  and  i/i«>|  the  coiuitry  to  maintain  the  authority  he  dele- 
priests,  we  see  the  beauty  and  excellence  of  a  go- 1  gated,  and  shed  oceans  of  blood  to  preserve  the  so-. 
VSmi-i cot  that  has  neither;    «nd  ii;\d  <-Vkr?blves  ftL-(  vereignty.    14y  m'-uns,  in  man'j  case:;,  precisely  !;i-< 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TYTHES. 


57 


milar  V/Ithout  a  shadow  or  a  shade  of  difference, 
the  British  flag,- flies  over  countries  ^ei  peopled  b) 
dxty  or  seventy  millions  of  human  beinp;  having- 
made  the  conquest  by  a  prodigality  of  life  not  less 
than  three  times  greater  than  Bouaparte  would  have 
secured  that  of  Spain,  by  bayonetting'  every  man, 
■woman  and  child  of  tlie  kingdom.  There  is  no  me- 
taphor in  this— it  is  a  plain  and  accepted  matter  of 
fact;  nor  have  they  yet  stopped  in  their  cai-eer — tliey 
have  subjugated  "the  "legitimate"  king  of  Candy, 
and  his  crown  and  throne — mind,  his  crdwx  and 
THBOKE,  valued  at  eight  millions  sterling,  probably 
arrived  in  England  witiiin  the  very  last  month. 

It  is  useless  to  proceed.  Such  traits  of  charac- 
ter are  essentially  engrafted  on  mojiarchy.  Let  them 
be  exposed  to  be  hated.  It  is  at  all  times  in  season 
to  shew  tlie  advantages  of  a  republican  govei-nment, 
by  exlubiting  the  deformity  of  legal  institutions. 

But,  truly,  we  have  been  led  much  further  tha" 
we  designed  to  go  when  this  ai'ticle  was  commenced' 
and  shall  make  haste  to  conclude. 

If  I  could  believe  that  any  observations  I  have 
made  on  church  establishments  in  Europe  were  calcu- 
lated to  wound  the  feelings  of  ho7i.est  individuals  of 
the  same  sects  in  the  United  States,  whether  Pro- 
testant or  Catholic,  no  otliers  of  the  kind  would  ever 
appear  in  this  work.  I  enjoy  my  own  opinion,  and 
freely  grant  to  others  the  same  glorious  privilege. 
I  hope  and  believe  there  are  good  men  of  every  re- 
ligious persuasion;  sincere  and  accepted.  And  am 
»lso  clearly  of  opinion  that  the  body  of  the  ministry 
in  the  United  States,  is  really  piuus  and  good — 
more  sothaiiin  any  other  countr}';  and  the  reason, 
is  obvious.  For,  allowing  them  to  have  the  same 
passions  and  weaknesses  of  other  men,  they  are 
more  strongly  bomid  to  restrain  tticui;  because  in 
that  restraint  they  find  favor  with  the  people  and 
obtain  support  for  themselves  ana  their  families.  It 
is  a  principle  happily  impressed  in  ilie  human  heart, 
that  the  veriest  vagabond  that  affects  a  regard  for 
religion,  will  have  his  minister  conform  to  its  ge- 
nenal  principles  and  observe  the  moral  law;  and  will 
e.\pect  liim  to  practice  tiie  virtue  lie  teaches.  And, 
in  these  causes  combined,  wc  may  safely  believe  it 
as  a  natural  effect,  that  the  clergy  of  the  United 
States,  (meaning  the  ministers  of  all  our  various 
sects,)  are  a  body  of  the  most  liberal,  most  enlight- 
ened and  most  v'irtuous  men,  that  ever  blessed  or 
honored  a  nation.  That  there  is  bad  men  among 
them  is  true — but  of  the  ciiosen  twelve  there  was 
one  that  betrayed  his  Master.  These  good  di^po- 
^3itions  are  attended  with  the  best  effects  in  an- 
nihilating an  immense  mass  of  vulgar  prejudices, 
and  promoting  a  spirit  of  harmony  in  all  classes  of 
society;  in  encouraging  ch:u-ity;  extending  benevo- 
lence, and  performing  those  acts  wliicli,  I  believe, 
m-e  most  acceptable  to  tlie  God  we  profess  to  serve, 
and  best  calculated  to  secui'e  the  happiness  of  man- 
kind here  and  hereiifter.  All  these  things  result 
from  the  immediate  responsibility  of  the  priesthood 
to  the  people.  "Angels  in  the  form  of  men,"  have 
jio  more  descended  to  instruct  us  at  the  altar,  tlian 
\o  govern  us  on  a  thione. 


Tjtiics. 

From  CMett's  Jir^ister,  July  22.— TJie  iirticle 
Vhich  I  have  given  bciow  with  this  title,  taken  from 
the  Cork  Chronicle,  I  hope  i^iy  fricMids  in  America 
V'ill  read  with  attention.  Jt  slicws  them  wliat  they 
J>fe  tp  expect,  if  theii-   Qoisach  J'riesthoaii  shoiUd 


succeed  in  tiieir  attempts  to  establish  a  dominant 
church.*  Not  only  will  they  e.Kact  a  tenth  of  their 
corn,  and  their  cattle,  which  grow  and  are  fed  in 
the  fields,  but  their  fruit,,  their  apples,  their  pears, 
their  plumbs,  and  all  those  clioice  and  deliciou.s 
jM-oducts  which  constitute  the  kitchen  garden,  and 
are  so  consoling  to  the  lieart  of  man,  wiU  be  tythcd 
by  these  ra])acious  fiends,  who,  as  was  the  case  in 
France  before  tlie  revolution,  liad  the  impudence 
there  to  assert,  tliat  tlie  earth  and  its  fullness  is  their 
heritage,  and  that  the  people,  over  which  tliey  jiad 
assumed  a  sway,  were  created  merely  to  be  fleeced 
by  them.  It  is  for  this,  and  this  onl)-,  that  the  jiriest, 
hood  in  America  are  exerting  tliemsclves  to  over- 
throw tlic  republican  government.  They  feel,  that 
under  a  frugal  government,  which  is  careful  tp  teach 
every  man  his  duty  in  society,  without  calling  in  tlie 
aid  of  spiritual  teachers,  there  is  no  chance  of  tJicir 
being  able  to  establish  an  empire  over  tlie  mind. 
This,  the  foundation  of  all  their  power,  being  ui^- 
attainable,  their  grand  object  is  to  bring  ijito  dis 
credit  that  system  which  presents  so  formidable  a 
barrier  to  their  encroachments. 

Bishop  op  clotxe's  court.— .From  the  Cork  Chro^ 
nicle. — Our  readers  may  recollect  that  we  called 
their  attention  some  time  since  to  the  subject  of 
certain  citations  issued  from  tliis  court  at  the  suit  of 
the  Itev.  Thomas  Carson,  Hector  of  Kilmuhon,  for 
the  recovery  of  tythe  of  green  clover,  apples,  pears, 
plumbs,  and  cherries,  which  grew  in  a  kitcJicn 
gai-den.  On  Tuesday  last,  the  court  was  crowded 
to  excess,  principally  a  very  respectable  number  of 
gentlemen  assenil^led  to  witness  the  proceedings. 
However,  upon  reading  the  citation,  it  v:^  discover- 
ed that  it  was  erroneously  filled;  so  that  the  cLiira 
of  the  Rev.  Pastor  was  dismissed,  after  going 
through  part  of  the  evidence.  We  have  been  inform- 
ed that  the  Yicar-general  took  this  opportunity  of 
censuring,  in  very  strong  and  energetic  language, 
6uch  novel  modes  of  proceeding  as  the  present,  and 
expressed  his  hope  tliat  this  would  be  the  last 'time 
he  should  witness  claims  of  this  nature  broug-ht  into 
his  coiu-t.  However,  we  have  been  informed  that 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Cai-son  declared  in  open  court  his 
intention  of  recominencing  the  suit.  It  was  brou"'lit 
against  Wm.  Abbott,  Esq.  of  Ballyra:]ce,  a  young 
gentlej-nan  connected  with  the  most  respectable  fa- 
milies of  tlie  Society  of  Friends,  throughout  the 
country,  and  from  whose  weli-cultivatcd  farm  of  233 
acres  the  Rev.  Pastor  requires  a  considerable  yearly 
income  in  tythe.  This  gentleman  has  been  remarka- 
ble for  his  very  kind  attention  to  a  widoM'edmotlicr 
and  a  number  of  brothers  and  sisters,  who  were  left 
a  burthen  upon  him  at  a  very  early  period  of  life. 
The  same  Rev.  gentleman  was  dismissed  upon  two 
other  citations  on  the  same  day,  one  of  which  was 
for  the  tytheof  a  small  quantity  of  flax  which  f^rew 
in  ahead-land  of  a  cornfield,  the  tythe  of  whiclf  had 
been  dul}'  paid. 


*There  will  not  be  a  "Cossack  priesthood,"  as 
Cobbett  calls  certidn  pulpit  fire-brands  of  the  east, 
where  there  is  not  also  a  "  Cossack"  people.  A  few 
mad-men,  listened  to  by  mad-hearers,  as  far  as  in, 
them  laid,  have  disgi-aced  religion  and  their  countrv 
— but  they  are  too  contemptible  to  ground  general 
remarks  upon,  and  will  soon  be  self-consumed  hv 
their  own  spleen,  contiiuialiy  excited  by  the  prospc'- 
rity  of  tlieir  country.  Never  was  there  a  more  miser- 
able and  unhappy  set  of  men  than  the  jacobins  oi' 
the  United  St;ites, 


58    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23,  181^ 


West  Point. 

Extract  of  a  letter  to  the  editor,  dated  Boston,  Sep- 
tember 15. 
]\fH.  NiiE.9 — A  friend  to  your  Register,  as  well 
as  to  merit,  has  just  read  your  mrniber  of  Septem- 
ber 9th,  and  was  much  pleased  with  tlie  account 
of  AVest  Point,  wliicli  is  pretty  correct.  But,  sir, 
in  doing  justice  to  others,  tlie  writer  (I  presume 
unintentionally)  lias  omitted  to  g-ive  credit  to  the 
indefatigable  services  which  have  been  rendered 
to  the  institution  by  tlie  present  inspector-general 
Swift,  whose  undiyided  attention  l\as  been  given  to 
render  the  insiilntion  wliat  it  now  is.  In  m:iking 
this  remark,  tlie  writer  is  not  inclined  to  insinuate 
that  either  of  the  officers  connected  with  the  aca- 
demy are  in  the  smallest  degree  inattentive  to  their 
duties. 


Foreign  Articles. 

By  arrivals  at  Nevv^  York  and  Philadelphia  we  have 
London  dates  as  late  as  Aug  7.  Tlie  chief  tilings 
they  contain  relate  to  tlie  "legitimate"  determina- 
tion respecting  the  person  of  ./Ycpofeo/i  Bonaparte, 
who  has  been  sent  to  the  island  of  St.  Helena — and 
to  the  state  of  lYance,  which  is  yet  in  a  ferment, 
that  the  allies  seem  disposed  to  allay,  by  partition- 
ing and  contribution.  The  chief  articles  that  have 
rejiched  us  follow  -. 

OF  NAPOLEON  RONAPARTE. 

As  everv  thing  that  belongs  to  the  fate  of  tliis 
extraordinary  man  is  interesting,  we  copv  from  the 
London  papers  each  article  calculated  to  gratify 
present  curiosity  or  future  research. 

London,  Jvgiist  \.—\V\\mo\\\.\\  paper  received 
yesterday,  spcalcing  of  Bonaparte,  says:  his  curiosi- 
tv  on  eveiy  jioint  is  unbounded,  and  versatility  ofj 
talent  and  powers  of  conversation  on  all  subjects, 
whether  trifling  or  important,  astonishing:  such. 
Indeed,  is  his  appetite  for  information,  tliat  he  often 
freely  addresses  the  seamen  and  mai-in.es.  It  is  im- 
possible, we  have  learnt  from  good  autliorit}-,  to 
imagine  the  fiiscinations  of  Bonaparte's  address 
and'conversation,  wiiich  compel  invohmtai-y  esteem 
and  attachment,  and  bere-.ivc  even  those  most  ini- 
mical to  bun  in  their  hearts,  of  all  hostile  feelings 
Y.-liile  they  remain  in  Ids  presence.  When  he  is 
walking  alone,  his  hands  are  folded  beliind  him, 
and  his  countenance  assumes  a  pensive  cast;  but 
when  engaged  in  discourse  his  face  exhibits  a  smile 
of  the  most  engaging  description,  like  a  gleam  of 
simshine  on  a  dark  cloud,  and  Ins  gestures  are  ear- 
nest and  impressive.  At  his  meals  he  exercises 
wiiat  is  called  in  England,  a  good  knife  and  fork, 
and  rarely  upeaks;  in  the  use  of  licpiors  he  is  more 
abstemious.  In  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  men 
and  manner.s,  he  is  surpassed  by  fev/,  and  particu- 
larly, which  will  appear  remarkable,  in  his  knov.- 
ied"-e  of  England,  and  the  principal  characters  in 
it  \viio  have  signalized  themselves  by  their  abilities, 
.in  various  departments.  His  marshals  are  continu-| 
ally  an  deck,  in  full  unifonn,  in  converse  with  their 
master,  or  the  ladies  and  children.  Madame  Bcr- 
irandhas  been  peculiarly  inquisitive  concerning  his 
destination,  and  frequently  hints  that  the  emperor 
is  poor,  having  only  a  million  of  francs,  or  40,000/. 
to  boast  of,  while  Talleyrand,  formerly  his  minister, 

nosscsses  immense  v.'ealth  in  all  the  funds  of  dif- 

* 

ferent  countries. 

UvcrpooJ,  Jlu£-7-^t  4. — The  Northumberland,  of  SO 
guns,  Captain  Ross,  airived  on  iMonday  last  at  Ports- 
mouth from  tlie  Downes,  on  her  way  to  Ply)nouth, 
there  to  receive  Bonaparte,  en  board  and  convoy 
Lini  to  St.  Kclcr.a.  ' 


It  is  certainly  determined  tliat  none  of  the  su. 
of  Bonaparte,  except  domestics,  are  to  be  perm*^' 
tcd  to  go  with  him  to  St.  Helena  Neither,  it  is 
said,  will  he  be  permitted  to  take  with  him  any  con- 
siderable sum  of  money  (if  the  rumor  be  true  that 
he  is  possessed  of  large  funds)  as  every  thing  ne- 
cessary to  his  establishment  will  be  provided  bv  the 
government.  It  is  said  that  sir  H.  Lowe  is  "to  be 
tiie  military  officer  appointed  to  be  his  guard.  He 
will  succeed  Mr.  Wilkes,  who  is  in  the'  companv's 
service  as  governor  of  the  island.  The  company's 
troops  will  be  replaced  bv  a  king's  regiment,  and 
there  will  bean  article  in  the  new  treaty  of  Paris, 
by  which  the  expense  of  this  establishment  ^^-ill 
by  made  a  constituent  part  of  our  contingent  to- 
wards the  force  that  is  to  lie  kept  up  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  peace  of  Europe.  Sir  George  Cock- 
burn  and  :;ir  Hndson  Lowe,  will  attend  ministers 
this  day  on  the  subject  of  their  appointment  to  tliis 
service.  The  Bucephalus  and  Cevlon,  are  to  re- 
ceive a  regiment  on  board  for  St.  Helena. 

Lord  Keith,  in  his  official  character,  as  admiral 
of  the  fleet  on  the  station,  will  have  to  read  to  Bo- 
naparte the  determination  of  the  cabinet  as  to  his 
future  residence  and  treatment  in  the  island  of  St. 
Helena.  The  ex-emperor,  we  underst.-nd,  has  heard 
of  his  destination,  and  has  vTittpn  to  lord  Keith  a 
most  vehement  remonstrance  against  the  ijieasure 
of  sending  him  tnere.  With  what  temper,  then, 
will  he  receive  the  dismal  confirmation  of  it.''  It  is 
said  that  he  is  to  be  permitted  to  take  with  him 
three  friends  and  twelve  servants.  The  amount  of 
the  bills  and  cash  which  he  is  said  to  possess  is 
200,000/.  sterling.  We  learn  that  su-  Hudson  Lowe 
declines  the  appointment  of  being  his  keeper,  and 
we  do  not  know  what  other  officer  lias  been  select- 
ed for  tluit  purpose.  The  island  is  to  remain  in 
the  hands  of  tiic  East  India  company,  whose  troops, 
under  that  excellent  officer,  colonel  Mark  Wilkes, 
will  continue  to  occupy  the  bay,  liarbor  and  low- 
lands; and  a  king's  regiment,  M'ilh  a  commandant, 
will  be  stationed  on  the  highland  as  his  body  guard. 
This  is  the  final  arr.angement  made  with  tlu  com- 
pany, so  that  their  ships  will  touch  tliere,  as  i  ■  d, 
in  there  homeward  passage. — Globe. 

The  countess  of  Bertrand  being  told  by  a  lieute- 
naHt  of  the  Bellerophon,  that  it  was  the  intention 
of  this  court  to  assign  the  island  of  St.  Helena  as  a 
place  of  refuge  and  security  fur  the  emperor,  re- 
plied, that  lie  would  sooner  close  the  scene  here 
— (commit  suicide.) 

jMudon,  Aug^ist  6. — The  following  letter  will  not, 
perhaps,  be  uninteresting  to  our  readers: 

" Bellerophon,  Plymovih,  Aiig-imt  2. 

"It  was  on  Sunday  the  papers  announced  the  de- 
termination of  sending  Bonaparte  to  St.  Helena, 
and  as  he  regularly  enquires  for  them,  perusing, 
with  the  assistance  of  madame  Bertrand,  almost 
every  item,  that  part  did  not  long  escape  his  notice. 
Indeed,  it  was  now  publicly  spoken  of  by  every 
person.  Before  this,  I  had  heard  it  was  his  deter- 
mination never  to  q^uit  the  ship  alive  to  be  sent  to 
St.  Helena;  and  madame  Bertrand  informed  me  on 
reading  the  above,  he  had  again  positively  asserted 
they  should  first  take  his  life. 

"On  Sunday  evening  he  had  tlie  marks  of  much 
agitation  in  his  countcnimce.  On  tlie  Monday,  when 
lie  officiall}"  learnt  his  destination,  he  remained  on 
deck  bnt   a  short  time,    and   apjieared   .as    jjale  as 

deatii.     Yesterday  he    was  something  better. 1 

fcMT,  en  th.e  arrival  of  tlic  Northumberland,  we  shall 
witness  some  tragic  scene.  You  know  we  are  not 
the  ship  destined  to  convcv  him  to  St.  Helena. 


"A  circumstance  occiirrcd  last  nJtjht, 


h.ich  seem- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


59 


sd  to  be  verj'near  beinj^  a  besjiniiing  to  the  scene  I      Some  of  liis  linen,  sent  ar,hore  to  be  washed,  ap- 
xnentioned    above.      About   9  o'clock  marslial  r.nd  penred  to  be  extremely  tine  in  its  texture,  and  bus 
'jnK.d:uTie    Bertrand  were   walking-  on  the   opposite  been  held  in  such  hii^h  esteem,  tkit  many  individu 
side  of  the  deck  to  wiiere  I  was,  in  earnest  conver-jals  at  Plymouth  have  temporarily,  put  on  one  of  iiis 

si^tion suddenly  m'adame  rushed  into  Napoleoa'sjshirts,  waistcoats  or  neckckths,  merely  fc-r  the  pm-* 

cabin,  tlu-ew  herself  at  Jiis  feet  for  about  half  a  mi-! pose  of  saying  that  they  had  woni  his  clothes!' — 
nute     then  fl'.  ing  below  to   her   own  cabin,  threw  i  Blind  infatuation! 

herself  ueai-iy  out  of  tlie   stern  window,  M-lien  sliej     Among  the  sheets  were  several  of  exquii^ite  cam- 
Was  fortunately  caught  by  til e  leg-  by  general  IMon-jbric,  inscribed  in  tlic  corners  with  L:  surmounted 

by  a  flat  crown,  in  red  silk,  which  renders  it  likely, 
tiiat  they  were  stolen  from  the  present  monarcli  of 
France,  or  left  by  him  in  the  Thuilleries  when  he 
ded  from  Paris.     Otliers  had  X.  also  in  red  silk, 
him,  it  was  tlie  determination   of  tjie  allied  sove-jand  svirmounted  by  a  crown,  but  lugher  tlian    the 
reigns  to  send  Isim  to  the  above  place,  tutd  granted  other,  and  imperiid.  Possibly  Louis  Bonajxu-tc  when 
permission  to  take  with  iiim  part  of  his  suite,  with  king  of  Holland,  might  have  been  the  owner  of  tin 

*,  ..  f       1 !1 1  t!„..,.™,       T..ll,^  ■      •  -  - 


tholon.     Slie  continued  delirious  the  whole  nightr— 
to-day  she  is  better. 

"On  the  f)llowing  morning  lord  Keith  and  major- 
general  sir  H.  Buiibury  waited  upon  1dm,  informing 


the  exception  of  ihose  proscribed,  Savary,  Lallc- 
mand  and  Bertrand.  I  understand  he  sent  tor  cap- 
tain .Maitland,  and  again  assured  the  admiral  aixd 
general  it  was  his  fixed  resolution  never  to  quit 
this  ship  alive. 

"Xotwithstanding  tlie  news  has  greatly  affected 
him  he  continues  to  show  nimscli  for  about  20  mi- 
nutes every  evening,  to  the  really  astonisliing  num- 
ber of  people,  whicli  1  think  daily  increases.  It  is 
with  great  difliculty  the    men  of  war's  boats  pre- 


articles  marked  L.  with  tlie  low  red  crown. 

Sir  H.  Bunbiuy  went  on  board  the  Bellerophon 
on  Tuesday  moming,  to  announce  to  Bcmaiiartc  the 
determination  of  government  as  to  his  future  desti- 
nation. Wlien  St.  Helena  was  mentioned,  Xapo- 
lenn,  it  is  said,  exclaimed,  that  lie  could  not  believe 
that  the  report,  when  he  had  heard  of  sucli  a  de-- 
termination,  would  have  been  officially  confirmed; 
that  no  power  on  earth  should  force  him  to  leave 
tlic  Bellerophon  on  such  a  voyage;   that  he    woidd 


vent  tlie  crowd  approaching  too  near  the  ship.     He  j not  go  alive  out  of  the  Soimd;  and  tJiat  if  his  pur 
now  continues  but  a  short  time  on  the  gangway,  and  j  pose  was  prevented,  he  iioped  that  he  could  rely  on. 


is  visible  only  to  the  inside  boats.  There  is  no  truth 
in  the  .iccount  of  his  having  taken  possession  in  an 
authoritative  manner  of  captain  M.dtland's  cabin. 

"We  are  so  full  in  tlie  ship,  and  have  all  of  us 
g-lvcn  up  our  cabins  and  ward  rooms  to  Bonaparte's 
suite,  that  we  have  been  forced  to  sleep  upon  deck. 

"We  are  all  anxious  to  know  wheth,er  it  is  in- 
tended to  give  up  all  the  persons  proscribed. — 
L'AUemand  has  written  a  letter  to  the  piince  re- 
gent, stating  tiie  mar.ncr  in  which  he  treated  some 
"kiigUsh  prisoners,  whom  he  afterwards  liberated, 
and  to  whom  he  wi',hes  a  reference  to  be  made. 

"Bonaparte  has  aiso  written  another  letter,  from 
v/.uchhe  seems  to  i:avehopes  of  being  permitted  to 
rem.tin  in  ihis  country 

Londmi,   Jitg~tist  7.— The    Bellorophon  .sailed  on 

he 


liis  officers  to  put  an  end  to  his  existence.  Wiien 
he  appeared  a,s  usual,  in  the  evening,  befire  tl-.a 
multitudes  afloat,  he  looked  extremely  dejected 
and  imwell. 

Such  are  the  reports  circulated  since  the  visit  of 
sir  H.  Bunbury,  and  wjiich  continued  to  circulate  at 
Plymouth  and  Plymouth  dack,  uncontradicted. 

BoxAPARTE  Aiii)  THEMIS  rocLES.  As  Bouaparte  lias 
compared  his  situation  and  conduct  to  those  of 
Themistocles,  our  readers  may  be  amused  with  pe- 
rusing the  following  letter  translated  from  the  ori- 
ghial,  as  preserved  by  Cornelius  N'epos,  in  his  life  of 
the  illustrious  Grecian — the  simplicity  of  the  ori- 
ginal is  well  preseiwed. 

*'I,  Themistocles,  am  come  to  you  who  caused 
greater  calamities  to  your  family  than  all  tlie  other 


JFriday  from  Plymouth,  accompanied  by  the  Peru- j  Greeks,  so  long-  as  it  was  my  duty  to  make  war  ;t- 
vian  and  Eurotas,  with  sealed  orders.  It  is  under-  gainst  3  our  fiither,  in  defence  of  my  own  countrr. 
stood  that  they  are  to  meet  the  Northumberlandjl  also  rendered  to  your  father  greater  services  thati 
at  sea,  when  Bonaparte  will  be  transferred  to  thatjall  the  other  Greeks  as  soon  as  I  was  safe,  and  he 
ship,  in  order  to  his  proceeding  to  St.  Helena.  Ber-  began  to  be  hi  dang-er.     For  when  he  shewed  an  uii- 


trand,  Savary,  Lallemand,  who  are  in  the  Eurotas, 
JCvill  be  sent  to  some  other  destination;  but  it  is 
supposed  not  to  France,  as  was  stated  in  the  course 
of  the  last  week.  These  persons  were  first  put  on 
board  the  Lifl'y,  and  thence  transferred  to  the  Eu- 
rotas, when  the.  Lifi'y  was  ordered  to  the  Downs  to 
be  puid  olf. 

Phpmuth,  Mirust  5.  The  Bellerophon,  of  "4  guns, 
having  on  board  Bonaparte,  accompanied  by  tiie 
Eurotas  frigate  and  Peruvian  lirig  of  Avar,  sailed 
yesterday  afternoon  to  the  eastv.ard,  supposed  with 


willingness  to  return  into  Asia  after  the  battle  of* 
Salamis,  I  informed  liim  by  letter  that  it  was  in 
agitation  to  destroy  the  bridge  lie  had  thrown  over 
the  Hellespont,  and  to  surround  him.  By  which  in- 
telligence he  was  deliveivd  from  the  impending  dag- 
ger: •.■nd  now  pursued  :juL  hunted  by  all  Greece,  J 
have  betaken  myself  to  you,  and  ask  your  friend- 
ship; which  if  I  could  obtatn,  you  wiil  find  me  no 
less  sincere  a  friend,  ti'ftn  i  have  been  an  active  en^ 
tmy.  I  request,  hov. ,  *  vr,  that  j-ou  allov.-  me  the 
space  of  onej'car  previous  to  cnterhi.g  upon  tlie  bu- 
siness aljout  which  I  '!*'sire  to  converse  with  you, 
of  that  period,  you  admit  mc 


a  view    of  meeting  tlu;    Nortliumberland   off   t!ie 

Start  Point,  in  order  to  transfer  him  to  that  ship.  I  and  that,  at  the  end 
For  the  two  last  <lays  previous  to  his  sailing,  iioito  }our  presence." 
boats  were  suffered  to  apprnacli  near  the  Bellero-|  Artaxerxes,  to  wlioai  this  letter  Avas  ^iddresced, 
pi. on,  during  Avhich  time  he  did  not  shev,'  himself  [most  gladly  received  t!ie  illustrious  exile,  and  mag- 
to  the  public;  but  previous  thereto  the  nuiubersj  nificently  jirovided  for  his  support.  Tliemistocks 
that  surrounded  the  ship  eveiy  evening  Avcre  im-  is  supposed  to  have  diijd  iiy  poison,  from  dc, pair  of 
Jiiense,  amounting  at  times  to  upwaixls  of  lO.OOOjbeing  able  I0  :icrom].<'isli  what  he  had  promised  t& 
persons."  the  king  in  relation  to  tlie  subjugation    of  flrcccc. 

Bonaparte's  property,  excepting  what  may  be  ab-  Such,  at  least  is  the  opinion  of  Cornelias  Xepos,  and, 
fglutely  ncccss;iry  for  his  use,  had  been  sealed   tij),  as  he   .says,  of 'i'hueyiidos. 

and  is  to  be  kept  in  England,  in  order  to  prevent  1  St.  Hki.k.va. — The  island  of  St.  Helena  is  about 
Wm  from  committing  bribcrj-,  but  he  will  be  at  ll-jtwciity  miles  in  circumference,  and  tlic  land  is  k<. 
berty  to  bequeath  it  to  r.ny  person  lie  may  iike,  at  i  high  tliat  it  may  be  discerned  at  sea  abput  twenty 
Ijjs  death.  '  'leagues    distant.     It  consists,  indeed,   of  one  va:-  - 


60    NILES»  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23    1815. 


rock,  perpendicular  on  eveiy  side,  like  a  castle  in 
the  middle  of  the  ocean,  whose  natural  walls   are 
too  hijrh  to  be  attempted  by  scaling  ladders,  nor  is 
there  the  smallest  beach,  except  at  the  bay  called 
Chapel  Valley  Bay,  whicli  is  fortified  with  u  strong 
battery  of  50  large  cannon,  planted  even  wiih  the 
water,  and  farther  defended  by  the  perpetual  dash- 
ing of  prodigious  waves  against  the  shore,  wliicli, 
witliout  fiu-tiier  resistance,  m:dces  the  landing  difii- 
cidt;  and  a  little   creek,  where  two  or  three  men 
may  land  from  a  small  boat,  but  now  rendered  in- 
accessible by  a  battery.     As  there  is  no  other  ancho- 
rage but  at  Chapel  Va'lley,  touching  here  i;i  extreme- 
ly precarious,  fur  the  wind  being  always    settled 
from  the  south  east,  if  a  ship  once  overshoots  it,  it 
is  a  matter  of  great  difficulty  again  to  recover  the 
harbor.     Notwithstanding   St.    Helena  appears   on 
every  side  to  be  a  hard  barren  rock,  yet  on  the  top 
it  is  covered  with  a  coat  of  iine  rich  mould,  about  a 
foot  and  a  half  deep,  which  produces  all  manner  of 
f^rain,  grass,  fruit,  herbs,  roots,  aj\d  every  kind  of 
vegetables,  in  the  utmost  perfection  and  plenty. — 
After  ascending  the  rock  which  borders  it,  to  the 
.sea,  the  country  is  prettily  diversified  with  rising 
liills  and  vallies— the  first  covered  naturally  with  a 
great  vai-iety  of  herh.i,  and  the  latter  adorned  with 
♦'legant    plantations    of  fruit  trees   and    gardens, 
among  which  are  dispersed  the  houses  of  the  natives 
— while  herds  of  cattle  low  about  the  fields,  some 
of  which  are    fattened  for   the  supply  of  shipping, 
ttnd  of  the   islanders,  and  the  rest  kept  fqr  milk, 
butter  and  cheese,  and  afford  a  pros])ect    equally 
rich  and  delightful.     Although  no  cou;;Lry  produces 
finer  crops  of  wheat,  yet  amidst  affluence,  they  are 
liable  to  be  stia-ved,  and  their  crops  totally  cojisum- 
ed  by  rats,  which  breed  in  incredible  numbers,  and 
de-stroy  every  thing,  with  all  the  desolation   occa 
4iIoued],-by  locusts  In  some  other  countries.      Tiiis 
however,"  is  an  evil  to  which  certainly  a  rem.edy  miglit 
be  applied,  as  well  as  to  the  scarcity  of  wine,  with 
^vhich  commodity  they  are  now  supplied  by  the  com- 
panv's  ships,  and  also  with  fiour  and  inalt.     As  the 
jskmd  is   so  sandy,  and  the  soil  too  thin  for  large 
trees  to  take  root,  it  is  extremely  deficient  in  wood, 
and  their  very  houses  are  sent  ready  framed  from 
England— but  yith  regard  to  underwood,  they  have 
OS  much  as  is  wanted  in  that  warm  climate.     There 
are  on  the  island  between  two  and  three  hundred 
English  fiimilies,   or   at  least  descended  from  Eiv 
glish  parents,  or  some  way  allied  to  them.—Some 
French  refugees  were  likewise  encouraged  to  settle 
in  order  to  propagate  vines  and  make  wjne;  a  point 
in  which  they  have  by  no  means  Ijeen  siiccessfui. 

This  island  is  situated  about  400  leagues  foi.)  tlie 
coast  of  Afi-ica,  and  600  from  tlic  coast  of  South 
America.    Lon.  5,  40,  \V.  Greenwich,  lat.  15,  55,  S. 


Bonaparte  was  complimented  be  admiral  Hotham; 
af  ler  his  surrender,  bv  an  invitation  to  breakfast  witJi 
him.  On  this  occasion  the  admiral  ordered  tl\e 
yards  manned  as  a  mark  oi  respect  to  his  distin- 
guislied  guest. 

Bonaparte's  tr.ivelling  library  was  found  in  six 
trunks  and  amovmted  to  about  800  volumes.— Among 
theui  were  llomei-,  Ossl;iu,  A'oUr.irc's  work.;,  Gli 
Bias,  Don  Quixote,  Voltaire's  Ciiarles  XII.  Sic.  all 
beautiful  editions. 

Rductanf  complaint,  l.oi-d  GrenviUe  called  tlie  at- 
tention of  the  British  parliament  to  the  abolition  of 
the  «'sla\  e  trade"  on  the  6thof  June.  "This  object,  it 
was  lioped,  would  have  been  secured  upon  the  resto- 
4  atiou  of  tlic  conquered  prcTinc<  s  of  France;  but  all 
tl'.at  lias  hitherto  been  done,  either  in  France,  or  at 
'V-:    ■•in,  goes  «jo!nnar{itively,  but  a  slicrt  wi'.y  to  th.c 


removal  of  the  evil.  On  tlie  late  change  in  the  gc 
vernment  of  France,  the  person  wlio  now  de  facto  ex- 
ercises the  government  of  that  country,  [Bon.parte] 
stepped  beyond  the  existing  engagements,  and  com- 
pleted tlie  aboliiion  of  the  slave  trade.  Seeing  as  I 
do,  so  much  to  dis;;pprove  in  the  conduct  of  ihat  per- 
son and  condemning  as  I  must,  the  wliole  of  his,  pub- 
lic character,  /  mn  sorry  my  lords,  that  an  opportunity 
yan  left  for  him  to  do  so  ffveat  un  act.  la  so  far  he 
IS  clearly  entitled  to  praise,  for  tlie  act  is  now  done, 
and  the  French  trade  is  abolished." 

Jerome  Bonaparte  is  said  to  be  ill  of  his  wounds 
at  Valenciennes.  Luc  leu  has  been  arrested  at  Tm-jn. 

OF  THE  STATE  OF  FRAXCE. 

London,  Jidy  26 — A  mail  arrived  from  Hambiu-g 
last  night,  but,  excepting  a  letter  from  the  Pe^-h- 
borhoodof  Paris,  dated  the  5th  inst.  it  brougb*;  no- 
thing worthy  of  notice.  I'he  letter  alluded  to,  svates, 
that  the  property  of  the  m.iyors  wholiave  been  active 
for  Honap.irte  is  to  be  sequestered,  as  also  that  of 
all  the  hihabiiants  wjio  do  not  return  hi  eiglit  d:,rs 
to  their  habitations;  tlie  sequestrated  property  to 
form  aniilitary  fund,  and  to  indemnify  other  in!";.bi- 
tants  for  sacrifices  and  requisitions.  "Tlie  aided  ar- 
mies are  to  be  maintained,  clothed,  paid  and  armed 
at  the  expense  of  tlie  enemy's  counti-y,  and  the  fol- 
lowing articles  required  from  the  occupied  provin- 
ces— 150,000  pair  of  slioes,  150,000  coats,  40,000 
pair  of  boots,  150,000  cloaks,  150,000  pair  of 
breeclies,  150,000  pair  of  gaiters,  150,000  stocks, 
150,000  leather  caps,  100,000  kettles  and  drinking 
vessels,  100,000  horse  shoes,  3000  horses,  half  sad- 
dle, half  draught  horses,  and  4,000,000  of  francs,  to 
make  good  tlie  arrears  of  pay.  'Die  aiiits  appear  to 
have  adopted  the  manner  and  style  of  tiie  requisi- 
tions whici)  French  generals  used  to  levy  in  foreign 
countries.  Even  in  Swedish  Pomerania,  when  fnend- 
1}-,  the  French  general'  told  the  governor  the  coun- 
try must  provide  fjr  the  Gallic  troops,  that  it  wa* 
the  Frencii  maxim,  tliat  where  the  army  was  it  must 
be  supported. 

Other  letters  state,  and  we  thhik  this  exceeding 
probable,  that  the  proceedings  of  the  allies  have 
been  not  a  little  embarrassed  by  the  circumstance  of 
the  KINK  having  so  soon  made  his  appearance  in 
Paris,  l^ess  difiiculty,  it  is  said,  woidd  have  been 
experienced  in  settling  the  government,  even  for  the 
king's  ultimate  and  personal  interests,  if  he  had 
remained  at  Ghent. 

July  2r.— We  have  heard  tliat  the  duke  of  Wcl- 
Ihigto::  is  about  to  lead  the  greater  part  of  the  Bri- 
tish ai'ni}',  now  in  France,  towards  the  Loire,  and  it 
is  understood,  that  his  grace  will  be  permitted  to 
acceiH  a  commission  from  the  allied  sovereigns  for 
unitliig  their  corps  to  the  British,  and  taking  the 
command  of  the  v.'hole  agaiust  the  rebel  forces  in 
the  centre  and  south  of  the  kingdom. 

Aii!^.  2. — Last  night  vre  received  the  Paris  papers 
of  Sunday,  and  tjiis  morning  those  of  lAIonday.  We 
did  expect  to  h.ave  found  in  them  a  royal  decree  for 
disbanding  tlie  army  of  the  Loire;  but" that  armv,  as 
well  as  most  other  armies  of  France,  continue  to 
bra^■e  the  royal  authority,  and  to  stnnd  out  for 
terms.  Its  head-quarters  are  at  Bourges  and  it  is 
untrue  that  Davoust,  its  commander,  is  at  Paris. 
Two  divisions  of  this  army  are  atRiom  under  Excel- 
mans  and  Chastel.  They  refuse  to  hoist  the  white 
cockade,  until  they  have  tlie  king's  answer  to 
their  oiler  of  suljniission.  It  is  evident  therefore, 
tliat  their  submission  is  not  entire  and  simple. 

A  mail  from  Flanders  arrived  this  morning,  and 
tlie  papers  broiiglit  by  it  two  letters  from  Paris,  o 
considerable  interest.    One  f;a\s  that  the  conditiouf 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGlSf  EFL-f  OREIGN  ARTICLES. 


61 


to  be  imposed  xipon  France  are  reported  to  be  as 
follow: 

Kiining^ieh  and  a  circle  round  it  to  be  g-lven  to 
Switzerland,  in  order  to  render  Basle  secure  for  the 
fuUVi-e, 

Landau  to  be  ceded  to  Germany. 

fiivet,  Philippcville,  Maubeug'e,  Conde,  and  one 
r>T  tWD  more  fortresses  (Lilse  and  Vulcncienni-s  we 
tru.;' }  to  be  g'iven  up  to  the  king^  of  the  Netherlands. 

A  large  contribution  in  money  in  a  stipulated 
time. 

Chambery  and  that  part  of  Savoy  given  to  France 
by  the  treaty  oP  Paris,  to  be  restored  to  the  king  of 
Sardinia,  who  is  to  cede  Nice.  We  do  not  see  the 
propriety  of  this  cession.  France  ought  to  have  no 
cession   made  to  her. 

To  the  al».-ve  terms  we  trust  will  be  added,  tiit- 
restoration  by  France  of  all  the  pillaged  stntues  and 
piciurca. 

French  papers  of  the  2d  inst  were  received  yes 
tcrday.     The  information  respecting  the  refractory 
amiies    i.s  yet  scanty.     There  are  numerous  deser- 
tions,   accompanied  by  great  disorders  and  irregu- 
larities   on  the  part  of  the  soldiers,  who  carry  off 


their  arms.  These  desertions  and  irregidarities 
tlie  generals  declaim  against,  and  endeavour  to  re- 
strain, evidently  for  the  piu-pose  of  maintaining 
their  o\m  power,  by  keeping  the  troops  together,' 
■while  the  king's  friends  feel  disposed  to  look  with 
i-Tlviigence  on  the  outrages  in  contemplating  the 
r'-LiC'ion  of  the  army.  The  main  body  is  under- 
stood to  have  gone  from  the  Loire  towards  the 
rnonnta'ns  of  Auvergne,  in  which  the  most  despe- 
rate will  form  gangs,  living  at  discrelion  upon  the 
whole  countiy,  when,  as  a  whole,  the  force  will  have 
meiled  away  to  notlnng.  It  is  supposed  that  when 
tlie  mditary  chest  shall  be  exhausted,  which  may 
be  concluded  to  be  nearly  the  case  at  present,  a 
gener;d  dissolution  will  take  place  of  itself  The 
noto"ious  Lefehvre,  with  two  regiments  of  cavalry 
hive,  it  is  said  thrown  themselves  into  the  moun- 
tains of  Auvergne  as  partizans,  that  is,  a^  military 
robbers.  Several  of  tlie  persons  of  whom  the  king 
i.i  more  particularly  bound  to  make  examples,  have 
been  arrested;  but  we  suppose  only  to  be  let  loose 
again,  with  th.e  double  incentives  of  proroCation  and 
impunity,  to  commit  fresh  offences. 

[Another  London  paper  of  August  7,  tells  tis  that 
•France  is  as  tmsettled  as  ever.  "The  head  is  fal 
■len,  (says  this  paper)  but  the  body  still  exists;  a 
single  wheel  of  the  machine  Is  deranged,  but  it 
general  powers  are  not  destro3'ed;  the  serpent" is 
■overtliro wn,  but  his  teeth  are  scattered  abroad,  to 
st.art  tip  into  the  same  fierce  and  dangerous  com- 
batants that  we  have  vainly  subdued.  Tn  otlicr 
words,  Bona]iarte  has  been  taken  fi-om  the  scene, 
but  the  jacobhi  faction  remain." 

It  then  goes  on  to  state  that  tlie  submission  of  the 
army  is  every  where  slow  and  reluctant — that  ma 
ny  towns  are  the  victims  of  contending  parties. — 
Ti'at  even  in  Paris  the  mighty  foreign  armies  are 
hardly  able  to  keep  down  the  fictions.  That  dis- 
putes between  the  royalists  and  their  opponents  run 
so  liigh,  that  attlie  public  hotels  they  h.ive  had  se- 
parate taldes  assigned  tliem.  Mentions  that  some 
arrests  have  taken'place,  and  closes  the  article  as 
follows:  "Shall  tliese  men  [meaning- the  people  of 
France]  talk  about  their  deiHinies  and  their  glo- 
ries, till  the  rest  of  the  world  are  contented  to  be- 
lieve them,  like  clowns  who  gape  at  an  impudent 
juggler''  If  it  be  for  no  otlier  purpos*-,  than  to  vindi- 
cate tlie  mot'al  superiority  of  the  rest  of  Kui'ope, 
tct  Prance  be  left  to  gjoze'upo*  hcT  na'kod:i^TS3,un^ 


thus  learn  to  sum  up  the  deformities  which  her  tin- 
sel trappings  have  so  long  concealed." 

Whether  this  unsettled  state  of  things  really  ex- 
ists in  France,  or  is  only  proclaimed  by  the  "legiti- 
mates," to  prepare  the  xuaij  fir  their  dedgiis  Jip'on  her 
inilependence  as  a  nation,  we  shall  know  a  little 
while  hence.  Possibly,  tlie  massacre  of  the  French 
at  Madrid,  which  was  called  a  "glorious  revolu- 
tion," may  be  re-tr:\nsactcd  at  Paris,  on  tlie  fireig^n- 
em — who,  in  like  manner,  have  placed  a  king  on  the 
Ihrone,  and  attempt  to  keep  him  there,  against  tlief 
will  of  the  people.  If  these  reports  be  true,  it  is 
undoubted  that  Louis  is  not  the  'Jmivfi' of  France, 
and  we  may  look  for  another,  and,  perhaps,  more 
de:Uructive' revolution.  Would  that  the  world  had 
repose!  But  it  is  hardly  possible  to  have  it,  except 
in  the  most  finished  despotism,  with  the  present 
system  of  kingcraft. 

The  "legitimate"  remark  respecting  the  gallant 
Lefebvre  i*  worthy  of  notice — he  is  a  "militart/  rob- 
ber" but  all  that  was  heavenly  was  haa-dly  suffi- 
cientto  serve  for  encomiums  on  J\Iina  and  others  of 
the  Spaniards  who  done  the  very  thing  they  attri- 
bute to  him.  What  wretched  and  t>~uly  royal  hy- 
pocrisy!] 


Old  king  George  continues  as  usual — and  Frede« 
rick  Guelph  has  tumbled  down  and  broke  his  arm; 
which,  the  London  paper  says,  "will  deprive  the 
public  of  his  active  and  valuable  services." 

The  loss  of  the  Dutch  and  Belgian  troops  in  tlie 
battle  of  Waterloo,  was  27  officers,  and  2058  un- 
der officers  and  privates  killed  and  missings  and  115 
officers  and  1939  under  officers  and  privates  wound* 
ed.     The  loss  of  horses  was  1680. 

N.iTioiTAL  Guard  of  Paris. — Order  of  the  Day 

PARIS,  juLT  4,  1815. — A  convention  has  been 
made  with  the  generals  of  the  allied  powers  to  stop 
the  effusion  of  blobd. 

Tlie  citizens  of  Paris  should  suffer  no  alarm, 
and  remain  in  the  position  at  once  peaceable  and 
firm,  which  they  have  preserved  in  the  midst  of 
dangers. 

The  police  of  tlie  city  remains  entrusted  to  the 
national  guard  and  to  the  municipal  gendarmerie 
under  my  orders  as  governor  of  Paris. 

Continue  to  secure  persons  and  property  from 
all  assault,  to  prevent  all  tumultuous  assemblages, 
to  silence  evcrv  species  of  language  that  might 
tend  to  excite  dissention,  and  not  to  suffer  to  be 
displayed  in  any  place  by  any  person  whatever, 
any  other  than  the  nat-ional  colours  :  these  are  the 
duties  now  imposed  upon  the  national  guard. 

I  depend  for  their  perfuiTnance  upon  the  zeal  of 
the  citizens  who  compose  it,  and  upon  the  devotion 
of  its  oflicers. 

The  marshal,  peer  of  France,  governor  of  Pali's, 
commander  hi  cliief  of  the  National  guard. 

(Signed)  Prince  of  ESSLING. 

PARIS,  JULY  5. — Adieus  of  the  army  to  the  JVaticnicd 
g-uard  of  fans. — Buavk  Comrades — We  shall  per- 
form our  retreat  upon  the  Loire,  agreeably  to  a 
convention. 

In  making  this  sacrifice,  so  grievous  for  our  glory, 
we  give  to  France,  to  the  country,  the  highest  proof 
of  our  obedience.  We  carry  with  us  the  most 
lively  regrets  at  separating  from  you,  brave  and 
generous  citizens  of  Paris,  whoso  valour  and  patrio- 
tism ever  honour  the  ties  of  friendship  and  glorj', 
by  v.-hich  we  have  been  rc-united  for  the  defence  of 
I'lie  country. 

Indcliable  shame  to  those  cowardly  Frenchmen, 
wlio  have  laboured,  v>ho  .stiM  Jaboi>r  f>'>v  the  re\rr-  -c. 


52     T^ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  23,  1815. 


of  the  nation,  niul  smile  at  the  success  of  roreip;! 
armies  !  Leave  tliem  to  disirnice  themselves  hy 
their  cries  of  baseness  and  of  joy;  they  only  dlslionor 
themselves,  and  not  the  nation,  wiiich  disowns  tliem. 
Theywill  reti]>  notliiiig*  hut  tlie  double  contempt,  of 
their  fellow  citizens  and  even  of  our  enemies  wlio 
know  how  to  respect  our  g'lory. 

lionoi"  to  you,  brave  and  g-enerous  citizens,  who 
have  rendered  yourselves  worthy  of  tiiat  respectable 
title  hy  parUiking  our  glorious  labors !  Defend 
the  national  colors,  which  we  liavemade  illustrious 
W  our  extiloits.  These  last  belonjj  as  Aveil  to  you 
as  to  US;  they  are  tl\ose  of  the  nation.  Preserve  by 
voiir  noble  atliaide  those  sacred  titles  to  our 
esteem;  we  will  presci've  also  the  same  title  to 
yours. 

Arrived  at  the  points  dcsipfnated  for  us,  we  shall 
become  stronp^er  than  ever  l)y  tlie  same  national 
spirit.  Malignity  will  have  no  more  influence  upon 
our  re-united  ai-ms.  If  contraiy  to  our  expectations 
the  promises  of  an  honorable  peace,  consecrating- 
a\\v  rig'hts  to  choose  our  g-overnnient  and  to  g'i^e 
curseix  es  a  free  constitution,  should  be  deceptive, 
we  will  hasten  to  you  either  to  die  in  illustrating- 
anew  the  P'rcnch  name,  or  to  prove  tliat  a  nation  is 
always  free  when  slic  wills  it. 

.  Adieu,  brave  comrades;  and  you,  citizens,  worthy 
of  tlie  French  name  !  U[x>n  the  banks  of  tiie  Loire, 
as  upon  those  of  tlie  Seine,  our  vows  shall  be,  for 
the  country  and  for  you. 

Subscribed  by  the  commanders  of  corps,  officers 
and  subalterns. 

Paris,  July  5. 
TEMPiiR  OF  fbanct;. — From  the  New-York  Co- 
lumbian.— Letters  from  France,  received  in  jVeu'-York, 
relate  the  fuUovjiiig  facts  : — Cande. — A  French  offi- 
cer, in  Hie  name  of  Louis  XYlll.  and  the  allies, 
was  sent  to  the  commander  of  this  city  to  ask  its 
surrender;  for  answer  the  officer  was  instantly  s.eizcd 
and  hung  in  front  of  the  glacis  and  in  full  view  oi" 
tlie  enemy. 

A  Prussian  corps  of  25,000  men  were  ordered  to 
prevent  the  junction  of  two  French  divisions,  the 
one  under  marshal  Davoust,  and  the  other  under 
marshal  Suchet.  It  happened  that  the  Prussians 
arrived  too  late  to  prevent  it,  and  soon  enough  to 
be  litterally  cut  to  pieces.  Upv/ards  of  11,000 
were  killed,  9700  men  wounded,  and  a  corps  of 
about  3000  men  that  were  making  their  retreat  were 
surrounded  by  the  peasants  lu-med  with  pitchforks, 
axes,  spades,  hoes  and  scythes,  and  not  one  of  tlie 
enemy  escaped  death. 

These  facts,  and  many  others  similar,  were  not 
permitted  to  be  printed  in  France;  but  the  public 
may  be  assured  of  their  authenticity. 


Old  Times. 


NAVAL    BATTLE   OX   XAKK    CH.\MPL.U>-,    tX 


L-    ■!' 


78. 


From  the  Columbian. — It  appears  from  a  very  minute 
narrative  in  the  C;cntlemL.n's  Magazine,  (apiriodical 
Irish  publication)  that  a  naval  encounter  took  place 
between  the  Americans  and  British  on  LakcCliam- 
pluin  in  the  year  1778.  It  is  remarkable,  as  v/ill  be 
seen  by  the  "following,  lliat  this  battle  and  Macdo- 
nougii's  were  both  fought  on  the  same  day  of  the 
month,  and  almost  in  the  same  mcnth.  Macdo- 
uougli's  was  fouglit  on  tlie  11th  of  September,  and 
this  on  the  llt'h  October.  The  British  captain's 
name,  who  fought  Macdonough,  was  Pring,  (capt. 
Dowiiie  being  killed  early  in  the  action) — and  in 
this  battle  tiie  captain's  name  Pringle.  The  most 
surprising  circumstance  of  all,  however,  is  that  not- 
witlistaiKiing  the  va?t  supericrity  of  force  on  the 


part  of  tlie  British,  and  tne  experience  and  skill 
of  an  able  naval  officer,  they  still  could  not  gain  a 
victory  over  the  American  squadron,  comnnuided 
by  no  less  a  novice  in  maritime  warf  irc  than  brig::." 
dier-general  Arnold.  The  reader  must  observe 
that  the  following  facts  are  founded  on  British  an- 
therity  whicli  in  tliose  trying  times  vrere  notorious 
for  exag'geration  and  misrepresentation. 

"  The  force,"  say»  the  British  historian,  "was 
very  considerable  with  respect  to  the  place  and 
service,  extraordinary  in  regard  to  the  little  time 
spent  in  its  formation,  and  such  as,  a  \eiw  few  ages 
ago,  would  have  been  deemed  formidable  even  up- 
on the  European  seas.  The  sliip  Inflexible,  which 
may  he  considered  as  admiral,  had  been  re-con- 
structed at  St.  John's,  from  whence  she  sailed  in 
2S  days  after  laying  her  keel.  The  strength  of  tlrc 
two  squadrons  Was  as  follows  : 

HIIITTSH. 

Ship  Inflexible,  18  twelve-pounders. 

Schooner,   14-  six-jionnders. 

Schooner,  12  do. 

A  liadeaux,  12  twenty-four  .and  twelve-pounders, 
besides  howitzers. 

A  Gondola,  7  nine  pounders. 

20  Gun-Boats,  20  nine  and  twenty-four  pounders. 

Some  Long-Boats,  force  not  specified,  tenders', 
transports,  &,c. 

AirEnTc.\N. 

1  Schooner,  (tlic  largest  vessel)  12  six  and  four 
pounders. 

14  smaller  vessels,  force  not  specifiod. 

"  Our  armament,"  continues  the  British  histo- 
rian, "was  conducted  by  captain  I'l'inglc,  and  the 
fleet  n;ivigated  by  above  700  prime  seamen,  of 
wiiom  200  were  volunteers  from  the  transports, 
who  .Affer  having  rivalled  those  belonging  to  the 
ships  of  war  in  all  the  toil  of  preparation  now  boldly 
and  freely  partook  with  them  in  the  danger  of  the 
expedition.  The  guns  were  served  by  detachments 
of  men  and  officers  belong-ing  to  the  corps  of  artil- 
lery. In  a  word,  no  equipment  of  the  sort  was  ever 
better  appointed,  or  more  amply  furnished  with 
e\  ery  kind  of  provision  necessary  for  the  intended 
.service. 

"  The  enemy's  force  was  in  no  degree  equ.al  ci- 
ther with  respect  to  the  goodness  of  the  vessels^ 
tlie  number  of  guns,  furniture  of  war,  or  weight  of- 
metal.  Sensible,  thougli.the}^  were,  of  thenecessi- 
t}'  of  preserving  the  dominion  of  tlie  lakes,  and  aid- 
ed in  tliat  design  by  the  origin.-.l  force  in  their  hands, 
witli  a  great  advfvntage  in  point  of  time  for  its  en- 
crcase,  their  intentions  in  that  respect  were  counter- 
icted  by  many  essential,  and  some  irremedi.able  defi- 
ciencies. Tliey  wanted  timber,  artilleiy,  sliip-build- 
er.s,  and  all  the  m.aterials  necessary  for  such  an 
equipment.  Carpenters,  and  all  othci-s  concerned 
in  tlie  business  of  shipping,  were  fully  engaged  at 
the  sea  ports  in  the  construction  and  fitting  out  of 
privateers,  whilst  the  remoteness,  and  difilculty  of 
communication,  rendered  the  supply  of  bidky 
materials  extremely  tedious.  When  we  consider 
the  difficulties  on  their  part,  we  tlnnkit  not  just  to 
ilcnv  the  Americans  tlie  praise,  of  having-  combat- 
ed and  in  ]iart  overcome  them,  with  an  assiduity, 
perseverance,  and  spirit,  which  did  not  in  the  least 
fall  short  of  what  had  been  employed  again.st  them- 
For  their  fleet  amounted  to  15  vessels  of  diflVrent 
kinds,  consisting  of  two  schooners,  one  sloop,  one 
cutter,  three  g.alleys,  and  eight  gondolers.  The 
principal  schooner  mounted  12  six  and  foiu'  pound- 
ers. Thev  were  commanded  by  Benedict  Arnold, 
v.-jio  was  liov,-  to  support  upon  ancv,-  clement,  \\i»,* 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


63 


re3io%\Ti  ■ft'fncli  Ue.  had  acaulred  on  land  in  the  Canada  j  lution  that  he  fought,  and  by  the  happiest  and  most 
expedition.  ''  I  critical  judgement,  prevented  his  people  and  them 

"On  the  11th  of  October  our  fleet  having'  pro-;  from  falling- into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.     But  they 
?eded  up  the  lake,  discovered  the  enemy   drawn  j  chiefiy  gloried  in  the  danijerous  attention  he  paid 


ceecleti  up 

wp  with  ^reat  judgment,  being  very  advantageous 
Iv  posted,  and  forming  a  strong  linc,_  to  defend  tlie 
passage  between  the  Island  of  Valicotu-  ;uiil  tlie 
western  main.  A  wai-m  action  ensued,  and  was 
vigorously  supported  on  botii  sides  for  some  liours; 
but  the  wind  being  unfavorable,  so  that  the  ship 
laflexible,  and  some  other  vessels  of  force  could  not| 
be  worked  up  to  the  enemy,  the  weight  of  the 
action  fell  iipon  tlie  schooner  Carleton  and  the  gun- 
boats, which  they  sustained  with  great  iirmncss, 
such  extraordinary  efforts  of  resolution  being  dis- 
played both  by  men  and  officers,  as  merited  and 
received  the  highest  applause  from  their  com- 
manders. It  is  to  be  presumed,  that  when  so  much 
praise  was  due  and  given  to  the  conduct  and  valor 
of  a  superior  force  on  our  side,  the  enemy  mast  luit 
have  acted  their  part  amiss. 

"The  detachment  belong-ing  to  the  corps  of  ar- 
tillei-v,  were  highly  distinguislied,  and  did  most  es- 
semial  service  in  tlie  gun-boats.  But  the  same  im- 
pediments still  continuing,  which  preventetl    their 


to  a  nice  pjint  of  honor,  in  keeping  his  Hag  flying 
and  not  quitting  his  galley  till  she  was  in  flames, 
lest  the  enemy  sliould  have  bo:a\led  and  struck  it !" 
Alas!  what  an  uiiliappy  change  was  afterwards 
wrought  upon  this  truly  brave  man.  D. 


CHRONICLE. 


Adjntant  and  Inspector  ffeiieraVs  o^fflce.  Sept.  13, 1815.  ■ 

fiEXKHAL   oRT)i:u. — Tlic  president  of  tiie  United 

States  has  directed  the  following  selections  to  hll 

vacancies,  in  the  army,  occasioned  by  non-acceptan- 

cies,  under  the  general  orders  of  May  17,  1815,  viz  : 

Samuel  Shaw,  hospital  surgeon,  6th  April,  1813. 

William  11.  Buckner,  surgeon  of  the  late  regiment 

of  dragoons  6th  July,  1812,  to  be  jiospital  surgeon's 

mate,  in  lieu  of  J.  B.  Whiteridg-e,  declined. 

Alexander  Blair,  surgeon  of  late  5th  infantry  SOtli 
March,  1814,  to  be  ho.spital  surgeon's  mate,  in  liea 
of  WiPiiam. Tones,  deolined. 

Tobias  P.  Cambridge,  hospital  surgeon's  mate,- 
beiag  seconded  by  the' other  vessels,  captain  j  12th  September,  1814,  in  lieu  of  Donaldson  Yeates, 
Pi-inglCj    with  the  approbation  of  general   Carleton  declined. 

(^•iio  was  also  in  the  fleet),  thought  it  necessary  for  I     C.  G.  Garrai'd,  S.  M.  of  late  44th  infantry,  241h 
the  present,  to  withdraw    those    that  were    enga- 
ged from  the  action.     At  the   approach  of  nigiit, 


he  brought  the  wliole  fleet  to  anchor  in  a  line,  and 
as  ne.ir  as  possible  to  the  enemy,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent their  retreat. 

"Being  now  fully  sensiljle  however  of  their   in- 
feriority; tiie  enemy  took  the  opportimity  which  the 


]\Iarch,  1814,  to  be  surgeon's  mate  of  the  1st  ui- 
fantry,  in  lieu  of  Henry  Field,  declined.  , 

S.'H.  Littlcjohn,  S.  .M.  of  late  dragoons,  3d 
April,  lS13,_to  be  .surgeon's  mate  of  2d  infantry,  in 
lieu  of  William  Southall,  declined. 

Josiah  Everett,  S.  M.  of  late  21st  infantry,  21st 
July,  1813,  to  I)c  surgeon's  mate  of  2d  infantry  iu 


ddrkaeas  of  the  night  afforded,  of  endeavoring  to  lieu  of  Carter  Edmunds,  declined 


escape  from  their  present  imminent  danger,  hoping 
to  ob  Lai  1  slielier  and  protection  at  Crown  Point.  Ar- 
noia  co.'.certed  :md  executed  this  design  with  abil- 
ity, and  fortune  seemed  at  first  so  favorable  to  his 
purpose,  that  they  were  out  of  sight  by  the  next 
riioruing.  The  chase  being  however  continued,  both 
on  that  dav  and  the  succeeding  day  without  hiter- 
mission,  the  wind,  and  other  circumstances  peculiar 
to  the  navigation  of  the  lake,  which  had  been  at 
fi^-si  in  favor  of  the  Amerieans,  became  at  length 
otherwise,  so  that  they  were  overtaken  and  brought 
to    action    a   f'iw  leagues  short  of  Cr(*wn  Point 

"A  very  warm  engagement  ensued,  and  conti- 
mied  about  two  hoiu\s,  during  which  those  vessels 
.that  were  most  ahead  pushed  on  with  the  utmost 
speed,  and  passing  Crown  Pohit,  escaped  to  Ti- 
cohderoga.  But  two  gallics  and  five  gondolas  which 
remained  with  Arnold,  made  a  desperate  resistance. 
Finding,  however,  at  length,  that  it  was  impossible 
to  withstand  the  superiority  of  force,  skill,  and 
weignt  of  metal,  with  which  he  was'overborne,  and 
that  he  was  but  hi  seconded  by  the  captains  of  some 
of  his  vessels,  he  determined  that  his  people  should 
not  become  prI.>oners,  nor  the  vessels  a  prey  to  the 


ohn  Gale,  S.  M.  of  late  23d  infantry,  9th  July,- 
2,  to  be  surgeon's  mate  of  ^'1  infantry,  in  lieu  of 


Jo 
1812 
K.  F.  llall,  declined 

Jacob  Dc  Lamotta,  R.  S.  1st  May  1812,  to  be 
surgeon's  mate,  4tli  infantry,  in  lieu  of  W.  J.  Cocke, 
declinetl. 

Robert  C.  Lane,  S.  M.  late  3d  rifle,  11th  IVIarch, 
1814,  to  be  surgeon's  mate  4t!i  inflmtry,  in  lieu  of" 
James  Bates,  declined. 

S.  M.  IngcT.soll,  S.  M.  of  late  27t\\  infantry,  16th 
September,  1814,  to  be  surgeon's  mat^,  7th.  infantry 
in  lieu  of  Ashel  Hall,  declined. 


Samuel  C.  Muir,  S.  M.  late  1st  infimtry  7th.  Apr^i 
1813,  to  be  surgeon's  mate,  8th  mfiiiitrv  in  lieu  of 
William  Beaumont,  declied. 

Vv'iiliam  Tiiomas,  hospital  surgeon,  ISth  Februa- 
ry, 1814,  to  be  surgeon  of  rifle  regiment,  in  lieu  of 
L.  L.  Near,  decUned. 

By  order,  D.  PARKER, 

Adj.  and  Insp.  gena-al. 
PrTTHiiunG,  Septkmiier  9. 
To  the  Editor  of  the  Mercury. 
Betroit,  August  26,  1815. — Underneath  you  have 
the  substance  of  v.:. at  has  transpired  as  yet  at  t)w,- 
enemy.     He  executed  this  design  with  equal  rcso-j  Indian  treaty,  which  is  held  three  miles  from  tlii.s 
lution  and  dexterity,   and  run  the  Congress  galley,  place. 

in  wiiich  himself  was,  with  the  five  gondolas,  on  I  Aiigust2'2,\^\5. — Th  is  <Lay,  a  preliminary  meet  inn- 
shore,  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  land  lus  men  safely,;  was  held  at  the  council  lioiise,  in  this  city,  (Detroit) 
and  blow  up  the  veusels,  in  spite  of  every  eiibrt  by  gens.  Harrison  and  M'Arthur,  and  Mr.  Graham, 
"    ■  used    to  prevent  botli.  ~ -  =  --=  .-i._:^    .      _•  ..  .    . 


that    was 

"Loss  and  defeat  were  so  far  from  producing  then' 
usual  effect  with  respect  to  Arnold,  that  his  con- 
duct in  this  comi^.iand  raised  his  character  still  high- 
er than  it  was  bei'ore  with  his  countiymen.  Tiiey 
said  that  he  not  only  acted  the  part  of  a  brave  sol- 
dier, but  that  lie  also  amply  filled  that  of  an  able 
naval  comnunder.  That  wiieu  liis  vessels  were  torn 
almpst  to  piece  ;,  he  retreated  Viitii  thi;  sawe  resH- 


commissioners  plenipotentiary  on  the  part  of  thf 
United  States,  and  the  ciiicfs  and  warriors  of  the 
principal  part  of  the  Vv'yandots,  Pottowatomies, 
(;hippaway  and  Ottowa  n-ilions. 

suEsTAxcE. — Gen.  Harrison  informed  these  chiefs 
and  warriors,  that  one  of  the  primary  objects  in 
calling  them  here  at  this  moment,  was  a  renewal  of 
their  former  peace  and  friendship  tov.ards  each 
otlur.  Ot^ernatiiHi?,  howi'verj  beingauseiit,  but  verr 


64^      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  sij,  1815, 


soon  expected,  it  wovilcl  be  necessary  to  adjourn  for 
tlieir  arrival.  In  tlie  mean  time,  he  requested  the 
chiefs  present  to  invite  their  brethren,  who  were 
now  at  Maiden,  to  attend  at  the  Spring-  Wells, 
(tliree  miles  below  this  town)  on  the  25th  in'st.  to 
kindle  the  council  fire. 

Oil  the  25th,  the  commissioners  met  agreeably  to 
adjournment. 

Tlie  messeng-er  sent  to  Maiden  returned  for 
answer,  "tliat  the  message  sent  was  delivered  to 
their  brethren,  then  in  council  with  the  British  com- 
mandant, who  answered  for  them,  saying,  "  that 
his  great  fatlier,  on  the  other  side  of  tlie  great 
waters,  had  directed  him  to  hold  a  council  nt  thif: 
very  time,  with  his  red  cliildren,  and  he  could  not 
think  of  letting  the  chiefs  then  present  attend  at 
the  American  fire  kindled  at  the  Spring  Wells,  until 
his  council  was  over.  If  tlie  young  men,  said  he, 
wish  to  go  there,  they  might,  he  had  no  objections; 
but  the  old  men  and  chiefs,  (the  Prophet  being 
among  the  number)  must  not  go  for  the  prssent — 
they  must  fanttii  the  soles  of  their  feet  to  the  British 
shore." 

The  chiefs.  Sec.  at  tlie  Spring;-  Wells, «  expressed 
their  satisfaction  this  day,  at  a  renewal  of  peace 
and  friendship  between  them  and  the  United  States; 
and  said  that  they  were  naked  and  very  hungry; 
and  hoped  that  their  fathers,  the  commissioners, 
would  give  them  plenty  of  every  thing,  particularly 
bread,  meat  and  -whiskey." 

The  nations  absent  on  the  22d  inst.  have  not  }  et 
arrived. 

Council  adjourned,  to  meet  on  the  28th  instant. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  a  gentleman  on  board  of  the 

United  States  frigate  Congress,  dated  at  Flushing, 

July  16. 

"  We  arrived  here  after  a  pleasant  passage  of  29 
days — rather  longer  than  we  expected,  from  our 
having  got  as  fiir  as  17  W.  in  15  days;  but  after 
parting  with  the  Neptune  we  had  nothing  bui 
easterly  winds  and  calms  for  19  days.  We  fell  in 
with  a  number  of  British  men  of  war,  who  were  very 
polite,  and  in  all  instances  run  under  our  lee,  and 
requested  to  send  a  boat  on  board  as  they  had 
information  from  lord  Wellington's  army.  This  our 
friend,  his  Excellency  tlie  Ambassador,  was  anx- 
ious to  hear.  Among  the  British  men  of  war,  was 
the  one  commanded  by  captain  Dacres,  formerly  of 
the  Guerriere,  who  was  itmarkably  polite.  All  tlie 
merchant  men  lowered  their  royals  or  top  gallant 
sails  as  we  passed. 

"  On  our  arriv.d  licre,  the  Dutch  admiral  showed 
us  every  attention  possible — offering  to  send  a 
vessel  to  Antwerp  at  procure  water,  there  bcmg 
none  on  Walcheren. 

"  We  landed  our  minister  in  great  style  under  a 
salute  from  this  ship  and  the  Dutch  admiral,  yards 
manned,  &c.  On  his  arrival  at  the  hotel,  the  captain 
and  a  number  of  officers  called  upon  the  minister, 
who  gave  an  entertainment. 

"  During  the  passage  ■Mrs.  Eustis  never  once 
comphiined  of  indisposition. 

"Yesterday  the  Ambassador  and  suite  embarked 
on  board  the  king's  yacht  accompanied  by  captain 
JTorris,  for  Rotterdam.  On  the  return  of  captain  AL 
whicli  will  be  in  2  or  o  days,  we  shall  leave  here  fur 
the  Mediterranean." 

BniTisH  WEST  iNuiEs. — It  is  known  to  those  who 
are  concerned  in  the  West  India  trade,  that  two  or 
more  of  the  governments  of  tliose  islands  on  tlieir 
own  responsibility  permitted  the  entry  of  American 
vessels  with  produce,  after  the  expiration  in  Mai-ch 
last,  of  the  order  in  council,  premitting  their  entry.  I 
The  following  is  a  cojiy  of  the  reply  of  the  British' 


minister  to  the  governor  of  the  island  of  Tobago  on 
this  subject. 

Do-iming-street,  SOfh  May,  1815. 

Sin — I  have  received  your  despatch  ot  the  30th 
March,  and  am  very  sorry  to  be  imder  the  necessi- 
ty of  conveying  to  you  the  decided  disapprobation 
of  his  majesty's  government,  of  your  having  admitted 
any  American  vessel  to  entr}',  after  the  expiration 
of  the  order  in  council,  by  which  such  admission 
was  authorized  for  a  limitted  time> 

The  conduct  which  you  have  adopted  in  this  in-^ 
stance,  is  both  contrai-y  to  law  and  the  general  in- 
terest of  his  majesty's  colonies,  and  1  am  therefore ~ 
to  signify  to  you  the  express  commands  of  his  roy-i 
al  liighness  the  prince  regent,  that  you  should  in  no 
instance  take  it  upon  yourself  to  authorize  the  ad- 
mission into  the  ports  of  Tobago  of  vessels  and  car* 
goes,  which  are  excluded  by  the  general  law  of  the 
empire. 

(Signed)  BATHURST. 

Ifis  honor  John  Balfour,  Esq. 

(Ij'There  is  a  decided  disposition  in  the  British 
to  exclude  our  vessels  as  much  as  is  possible  from 
all  their  colonies.  Some  of  their  acts  in  the  West 
Indies  are  outrageously  severe.  The  ship  owners 
of  the  east  begin  to  talk  a  new  language. 

T7ie  Indians.  There  is  a  prospect  of  an  Imme- 
diate peace  with  the  Indians  of  the  north  west,  as 
we  learn  l)y  a  letter  received  by  the  surveyor-gen e-- 
ral  from  governor  Cass,  at  Detroit;  and,  in  conse- 
quence, surveyors  were  about  to  start  from  ChiH- 
cothe  to  run  the  lines,  8cc.  But  the  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  it  is  thought,  must  be 
l)rought  to  a  sense  of  justice  through  feeling — they 
must  be  Jacksonizcd,  as  the  saying  is  in  the  west. 

Ship-wrecks.  An  idea  of  the  effects  of  the  late 
gales,  m.iy  he  gathered  from  the  following  fiict, 
mentioned  in  a  Boston  paper — "A  few  days  since, 
eleven  sail  of  dismasted  ships  and  brigs  were  seen 
oiT  Gay  Head,  all  in  sight  of  each  otlier!  Six  of 
them  went  into  Newport,  and  the  remainder  chief- 
ly through  tl>e  Vineyard  Sound. 

Transpor Cation. — The  British  arc  transporting' 
considerable  numbers  of  Scotch  to  Canada,  and 
Irish  to  Newfoundland. 

Vei-mont  election. — We  have  not  yet  received  the 
returns  ;  but  the  republican  ticket  has  entirely  pre- 
vailed. 

Ceylon.  The  British  papers  officially  state  the 
capture  of  Candy  and  the  entire  subjugation  of  Cey- 
lon. Tlie  king,  with  two  of  his  wives,  was  takeii 
prisoner.  Will  the  illustrious  "congress  of  Vien- 
na," the  "high  allies,"  restore  him  to  the  throne? 
All! — the  spoiler  is  one  of  themselves,  and  the  act  is 
"legitimate."     The  affair  is  thus  announced — 

"Despatches  have  been  received  from  general 
Brownrig,  the  governor  of  Ceylon,  in  the  East  In- 
dies, of  rather  a  gratifying  description. 

"The  king  of  Candy  (the  Bonaparte  of  Ceylon) 
who  has  been  long  a  ferocious  and  barbarous  ene- 
my of  the  British  nation  in  that  quarter  of  the  globe, 
lias  been  taken  prisoner,  after  his  troops  were  total- 
ly defeated  by  the  British  and  native  Indian  forces 
sent  against  them.  His  power  is,  in  fact,  at  an  end, 
.and  his  territories  have  been  annexed  to  our  Indiau 
possessions." 

Tlie  king  of  Candy  was  the  "Bon.aparte  of  Cey-- 
Ion,"  and  "a  ferocious  and  barbarous  enemy  of  the 
Briiish  nation  hi  that  quarter  of  the  globe" — Why  ? 
— Simply,  because  the  Bri'ish  invaded  his  territo- 
ries and  would  liave  served  him  as  Napoleon  would 
have  treated  Spain.  This  is  tlie  truth  ;  let  tlie 
"legitimates"  look  to  it.. 


WILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER 


No.  5  BF  Vol.  IX.]         BALTl.MORE,  SATUllDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  1815.         [avhole  xo.  213. 


JIac  ulim  minninisHC  jux-abit. — A'lUfJii.. 


PUINTKD  ANIt  PUMLISUKK    BY   H.   NILES,  NO.  29,  SOUTH  CAT.yKIlT-STIU;KT,  AT  §5  VV.TX  ANSU?.!. 


|Tj=Thc  present  numlicr  [No.  5]  consiyts  f)f  a  slic-ct 
and  a.  half,  or  24  pa.i^es,  being  ;ih  extra  cjiiuntity  of 
unusually  intcresiintj  matter — amonjc  which  is  a  list 
of  the  Oi'ncers  of  tlie  navy  of  the  United  Slates,  so 
drrong-ed  as  to  be  concluded  in  the  next  paper  and 
K)llow  in  rc{.ndar  succes-jiou  v.iien  the  work  is  bound 
up  ;  a  plan  tliat  will  be  always  pursued  when  mecha- 
filcal  convenience,  or  a  due  regard  for  Vitrlety,  sludi 
induce  us  to  divide  a  long  article. 


We  design,  in  the  next  paper,  to  insert  an  exceed- 
ii>glv  interesting  account  of  IVihnin^-ton,  Del.  and  its 
vicinity,  shewing  thtvuuntfuctoi'ics  in  that  dcligiit- 
ftil  neighborhood;  to  which  is  addetl  a  jjiiiloHoplii- 
cnl  essay  "on  the  pi'Obubility  of  luiuian  life  in  tlic 
middle  states,"  he. 


■On  giving  away  half  a  sheet,  I  have  felt  justified 
i'n  appropriating  a  page  to  shew  the  contents  of  the 
Supplement  to  the  Hth  Vohtme,  just  published  anil 
Srwarded  to  rdl  whose  orders  for  it  have  yet  readi- 
ed nic.  About  300  copies  remain  t^  be  disposed  of, 
aiid  may  liadat  1^  each. 


Contents  of  Supplement 

TO    VOLUJfli    THE    KIGUTII. 

Coblf^n'a  letters,  and  other  -nTL'hijs,  on  American 
ajfuits. 
To  tlie  prince  regent,  Feb.  1,  1812 — Same,  April 
'23, — aame,  Dec.  29 — Summary  of  politics^)n  tlie 
iiavv,  &c. — On  the  American  war,  Feb.  20,  1812- 
.Same,  May  22,  1813— Same,  Aug.  4,— Battle  of 
Chippewa — Ditto,  ?cc. — On  the  American  navy — 
Battle  of  Niagara — Capture  of  Washington — Ways 
and  means,  and  debt — On  "drubbing  theyankces" — 
Maritime  riglit;^ — A  new  boundary,  &c. — Tieneral 
remarks — On  retaliation — On  the  atiiur  at  i'lattsburg, 
&c. — Champlain,  &o. — Situation  of  the  United  States 
—Mention  of  sir  Geo.  Ileathcote,  Mr.  Wliilbread, 
&.C. — On  tlie  justification  of  the  British  in  the  United 
States'  ncwspapera,  &.c. — General  putriotism  of  the 
people — Dialogue  with  "Mrs.  Friend," — On  Amci-i- 
•ian  luuiianity — Of  the  federalists — On  the  negocia- 
tioiis  at  Ghent;  American  congress;  battle  near  fort 
Erie;  lake  Ontario;  lake  Champhiin,  and  attack  on 
Mobile — On  American  bravery — To  the  Cossack 
priesthood  of  Massachusetts — Desultory  remarks 
on  Mr.  Bickering  and  others — To  his  correspondents 
in  the  United  States — On  the  constitutions  of  Eag- 
land,  America  and  France — To  cert^iin  gentlemen 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.— To  the  earl  of  Liverpool,  Dec.  10 
— Same,  Dec.  24,  on  "conscription,"  &c. — Same,  on 
the  part  America  may  take  in  the  wai-  of  England 
against  Fi-ance. 

Accident  at  Newbur^'port ;  American  privateers, 
on  tlie 'British  coast,  proceedings  at  Bristol  there- 
on and  reply  to  tlie  mayor— Anecdotes,  naval  and 
military — of  ^en.  Brown  ;  col.  Jessup  ;  of  an  Ameri- 
can sergeant ;  of  Ameriean  soldiers  ;  of  a  Kentucky 
militiaman  ;  various  of  the  battle  on  Erie  ;  of  tlie 
three  presidents;  of  the  Hornet  and  Penguin  ;  "les- 
sons," from  an  jrish  paper ;  of  t)ie  fight  of  the  Unit- 
ad  States  and  Mace d'-Waj* ;  vankee  incrnailv  ;  of 
VOL.  IX.  '  ^  . 


Stonington  ;  .\rray  of  the  U.  S.  French  encomium 
upon  ;  Atlas,  the  transport ;  B.dtimore  Volunteers, 
and  S.  II.  Moore,  various  facts  ;  Com.  B;u'iiey, 
sword  voted  to  ;  Lord  iJ;'.tlmrsv  ;  Beauty  and  booty, 
see  J^.rM-Or^e:iii!\  (xeii.  Porter's  narrative  of  the 
battle  at  Bi.^ck  llock  ;  Bhie  light  ingenuity  ;  A  blue 
light  caugi'.t  by  capt.  Porter  ;  The  battle  of  Bridge- 
water  ;  Briti.s'.i  wir.cing;  British  barbarity — see  Pri- 
soners;  Biltish  uiodcity;  Briiish  "magnanhnity  ;" 
(;en.  Brown,  his  ordcr.s  on  asaiuning  command  at 
Sucketi's  H:u-boi'  v  'i''ie  Bub\-<v.k  74  ;  Camden,  S.  C. 
its  patriotism  ;  C.ipitol  at  Wasiiington  ;  Biography 
of  major  gen.'Carrol,  and  ins  address  to  his  soldiers; 
Tlie  hero  of  Castine;  luventory  of  eH'ects  captur- 
ed in  the  Briti.sh  licet  upon  Lake  Champlain; 
Additional  ;,ccounts  of  the  battle  upon  that  hike  j 
Tiie  battle  of  Chippewa  ;  Cincinr.ati  of  S.  Carolina  ; 
Coekburn ;  Colonization  proposed ;  The  frigate 
Co'.'.steilation  ;  Court  niarti?.! — on  capt.  Dyson  ;  on 
capt.  Treat;  on  p;:\  master  Williams  ;  on  lieutenant 
Saint ;  on  the  officers  and  crew  of  tlie  Scourge  pri- 
vateer.— Gen.  Covington  ;  The  Creeks,  an  account 
of  the  country  they  ceded;  letters  from  gov.  Clai- 
borne, c-ptidn  Ivenriedy  and  col.  Sowyer,  respecting' 
tiie  war  with  tlicin. 

The  heroes  of  Delaware;  Disba«ided  officers.; 
Disgraceful  f;;ct ;  Various  facts  and  remar.ks  ou 
the  occupation  of  Eastport,  by  tlie  British  ;  Fe- 
male patriotism ;  An  outrage  at  Georgia,  Vcr. 
Gun-boat,  No.  146;  Gen.  Harrison  vindicated; 
Hartford  -convention  ;  Libel  ou  tlie  United  States  by 
Lwiis'  ugc:U  for  the  island  of  Hayti;  CoL  Headersor,- 
Adniiral  1  lutham,  at  Hartford  ;  American  Inuuanity; 
Cases  of  Impressment — J.  Salkclk,  W.  Parker,  H, 
Thayer,  C.  V;is.*i,  M.  Conkle,  J.  Guedron,  T.  E.  Olj, 
ver,  of  the  whole  crew  of  tiie  Pckin,  E.  Sterling. 
S.  W.  Renncl,  J.  .M'Don.ud,  W.  Carnej',  J.  Dunstan, 
W.  Burton,  J.  Hosman,  D.  Jackson — statement  o/ 
facts  regarding  impressment  from  a  passenger-ship 
in  Ireland;  Naval  inventory;  Gen.  Jackson,  see 
A'l-w-Orieans — his  addrcsa  to  Coffee's  brigade  in  the! 
Creek  ciHintry;  Ndrralive  of  the  rev.  Mr.  Jone^i, 
An  act  of  justice. 

Thoiuas  King,  nan-ative  of  his  escape  from  a  Brl- 
tisli  prison ;  (Jol.  Lauderdale  ;  Lessons,  from  a-i 
Irish  p.iper;  Dr.  Jonas'  nari'iitive  of  the  burning 
of  Lewiiitown  ;  General  M'Clure's  address  to  tliti 
jjeop'.e  of  Upper  C;aiada;  Dr.  M'Nevia  ;^  ".M.-gnani- 
mity;"  a  project  for  estuljlisliing  a  National  Bank  ;, 
Britisii  coii-.plimenta  upon  tlie  American  Navy; 
New-Rngland  salute  ;  The  battle  of  Niagara. 

Ouicer*  disbanded — leccer  respecting  them  froim 
ihe  Kichmoiid  Enquirer.  Captain  Paine,  returns 
to  Cliarleston;  Peace,  incidents  belonging  to— ef-^ 
ects  of  ou  tlie  price  of  conmiodities  ;  message  of 
the  governor  of  N.  York  thereon  ;  "Peace  part/' 
outrages.  Americans  at  Pensacola  ;  Perry's  eulo  ■ 
giuin  on  the  Kentuckians ;  Plattsburg,  additional 
accounts  of  the  battle;  capt.  Porter;  his  toast; 
Falsehood  respecting  the  frigate  President ;  Sir 
Geo.  Prevosi,  his  general  orders  on  leaving  Canada; 
Prices  of  articiCs,  as  .ifiec  ed  by  the  pe.ace  ;  _  Priva- 
teerin"-  at  home  :  Briti  h  distributic:i  of  prize-mo- 
ney ;  Prisoners,  on  the  treatment  of— Case  of  S.  Da- 
vis ;'  Ficts  .v:ul  documents  respecting  those  held  as 
postages  at  I:»sv.-Jch  ;  Of  capt.  Bes^symj  •/  the  I'cjimi- 

F. 


t5G     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  3EPTEMBEH  30,  1815. 


hav.-k  pviriitcor,  and  his  crew  on  board  the  Bulwark  ; 
Cease  cflieut.  Bird;  Contrast  of  treatment;  Ma- 
jor Lov/e  ;  Of  capt.  Cochct  and  capt.  Crowiiiiishicld; 
Cfthe  murder  of  col.  Hull ;— .Mr.  Itca,  hij  remarks 
on  the  destruction  of  the  capitol ;  Capt.  Reed,  of 
tho  General  Armstrong'  privateer;  llovolutionary 
a-myofthcU.S.— LLstofthe  stafi' ;  Sales  of  the  U. 
S.  liorses,  &c.  at  Richmond  ;  E.\tl-;,cl  fiom  Dr.  In- 
glj.-j' ^fiermon  ;  Shivcs,  of  those  carried  gH-,  The 
f.ithfui  slave;  Lieut.  Smith,  of  the  U.S.  navy;  Spi- 
rited act;  The  "dash  at"  Stonirigton ;  The'British 
at  St.  :Mary'.s  j  Gen.  Strons,",  of  the  Vt.  militia,  g-e- 
r.eral  orders  ;  Superb  74,  tlic  news  of  peace  r^ceiv- 
j^  on  board. 

C.ipt.  Treat  acquitted  ;  Traitors  ;  Useful  hints,  to 
gratify  British  curiosity  ;  AVar  and  peace  prices  ; 
Warrior  privateer ;  a'  libel  upon  the  U.  S.  ship 
Wasp;  Windsor  Castle,  a  prize  vessel;  IIow  to 
ciitcU  a  Yankee ;  Yankee  ingenuity. 

coiiRr.sro>']iE\ci:. 
Col.  Barclay  and  ijtn.  ]\lason,  on  the  ];ri5oners 
taken  ui  tiie  Dominica ;  E.xtract  of  a  letter  from 
London,  on  the  peace  ;  Su-  Geo.  Prevost  to  general 
Drummond,  intercepted  ;  Address  fiom  cert..ln  re- 
publicans at  IJo.ston  to  thrf  President,  and  reply; 
DiUoat  Baltimore  and  ditto;  ^lajor  Crop,-han's  let- 
ter to  a  friend,  respecting  gen.  lianii^on';  For  cor- 
retpcndence  respocting  affairs  at  New  Orleans,  sec 

JT  lllrT.lT,, 

Judge  Toalmin'.s  deci;iion  in  the  Case  cf  t1ie  schr. 
Active;  A  decision  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  U. 
States  for  ^.lassachusetts,  on  i)atent  rights;  I'he 
case  of  com.  Mm-ray  'i.j.  col.  A.  ?.I'Lane;  The  own- 
ers &c.  cf  the  lioger  pilvateer  i*.  the  sliip  i'ortuna 
:uid  CiUgo  ;  CaSs  of  tlie  Mercid. 

NEAV-ORLEAXS. 

On  the  attack  upon,  from  the  Ulster  Recorder ; 
facts  rc^-ardlngtheKcjituckiausat  Orleans  ;  volurai- 
nouB  deuvils  of  incidents  and  things  belonging  to  tlie 
attack  on  the  place  ;  the  maixh  of  the  Tennesseans  ; 
Mi\  Shields'  second  expedition  ;  Gen.  Villere  ;  The 
gun-boat.'j ;  Yrexican  ]>atriots  ;  General  patriotism  ; 
The  ladies  ;  Colonel  Henderson  ;  col.  Lauderdale  ; 
'■caprice  of  John  Bidl's  taste,"  poetical;  Honors  to 
General  Jackson;  Jackson's  letter  to  gov.  Blount; 
Ills  genend  orders  in  the  case  of  .M.  Louaillier  ; 
Gen.  Humbert's  address  ;  Vote  of  thanks  by  the  le- 
gislature of  Louisiana ;  gov.  Claiborne  to  gen.  Car- 
rol iind  reply  ;  Tlie  same  to  gen.  Coffee,  and  ditto  ; 
From  a  si>ldier  to  his  fathei* ;  Gen.  Carrol  to  gov. 
iilount. 

srEEcnES. 

Aiilitarv  peace  establishmait — Substanco-of  the 
remarks  of  Messrs.  Troup,  Pickering,  Deslia, 
AN'iight,  Sh:irp,  Hopkins,  Forsyth,  Shehey,  Fi^k, 
(of  Yt,)  Goldsborough,  Grosvenor,  Gliolson,  Rhea, 
(of  Ten.)  Stockton,  Macon,  M'Kim,  Farrow,  Ctith- 
bert,  Potter,  Calhuiai,  Hanson,  Ring,  Jackson,  (of 
Va.)  and  Eppcs. 


Navy  and  transports     ....      ,£18,644,200 

Army  and  ordnance 43,582,398 

I'on'iff?!  paiimcnts,  including  bills  of 

cred?t     ' 9,000,000 

Vote   of  credit  6,000,000— do.  for 

Ireland  200,000 6,200,000 

Armv  prize  money 942,347 

?.Iiscellancous 3,000,000 

"Separate  charges,"  various      .     .      8,300,000 


£89,728,926 
To  which  is  to  be  added,  the  paym.ent  of  the 
interest  on  the  national  debt — support  of  the  civil 
g'oveniment,  allowai'ices,  pensions  and  bounties,  &c. 
SiC.  &c.  making  in  the  v>hole  not  less  than  forty 
million.s  ;  or  a  grand  total  of  one  hundred  and  thirty 
millions,  equal  to  about  fve.  hvndred  and  savcnti^ 
seven  mi/lions  of  dollars,  J'-jv  one  ve.ar. 
The  ~var  expenses  were  as  follows  : 

In  1808, of  44,000,000 

1809, .       50,000,000 

1810, 47,000,000 

1811, 52,000,000 

1812, 52,000,000 

1813, Jr,000,000 

1814, 68,000,000 

1815,  cakulatcd  at       .     .        72,000,000 


111  eight  years  . 


British  Statistics. 

FX'FFiKDTTURES— LOANS,  &c.  FOR  1815. 

Considerable  labor  and  attention  have  been  di- 
rected to  bring  out  the  results  below — wliicli,  the 
editor  believes,  will  interest  m:my  of  his  readers 
viio  have  not  leisiire  or  opportunity  to  wade  through 
tiie  documents  and  ])apers  needful  to  obtaiii  them. 

The  sum  required  for  the  service  of  the  united 
kingdom  of  Cre.it  Britain  and  Ireland,  for  the  yeai* 
1^5,  u  as  ab«ut  90  nyiUons  slertingi  as  foUows  : 


.  ei:442,000,000 

Equal  to  §1,962,430.000— nearly  Uvn  thousand 
millions  of  dolhirs.  To  Vv'hich  inconceivable  amount 
must  be  .added  vast  claims  not  yet  liquidated. 

The  fiscal  oiJtvations  of  Great  Britain  have  been 
greatly  aided  by  the  Sinking  Fund.  (See  the  his- 
tory and  account  of  this  fund,  vol.  H.  page  60.) 
Its  proceeds  are  sometimes  nearly  equal  to  the 
sums  borrowecl ;  but  latterly,  by  some  encroach- 
ments upon  it,  and  a  greater  want  of  money,  it  has 
fallen  much  short.  In  1806,  the  sinking  fund  v.as 
equal  to  a  65th  part  of  the  whole  national  debt. 
It  went  on  prosperously  three  or  four  years  and 
got  up  to  a  44th  ;  but  reverted,  in  1814,  to  a  64t!i, 
and  prolKibly  this  year  will  be  about  a  70th  part  ot 
the  debt.  In  1806' the  product  of  the  the  sinking 
fund  was  witliin  /.2,r00,000  of  til e  amount  of  the 
loans  for  that  vear ;  in  1810,  less  by  5  millions  ;  in 

1814,  less  by  29  millions  ;  and  in  1815,  less  by  33 
millions  of  pour^ds. 

I'he  ways  and  means  for  the  service  of  the  year 

1815,  were  as  follov/  : 

Annual  duties /.3,000,000 

Surplus  consolidated  fund    .     .     .  3,000,000 

M  ar  taxes 22,000,000 

Lottery 250,000 

Naval  stores 508,700 

\oiii  of  credit    .......  6,000,000 


/.34,756,700 
Leaving  about  fifty-five  millions  to  be  raised  by 
loans,  except  the  prod\icc  of  the  taxes,  in  Ireland. 
which  is  not  stated. 

The  customs,  excises,  Jcc.  Sec.  &c.  not  mentioned, 
are  probably  equal  to  tlie  payment  of  tlie  interest 
on  the  national  debt,  and  support  of  the  civil  list, 
afj.sisted  by  tlie  product  of  the  sinking  fund. 

^Vc  now  come  to  the  difficult  talk  of  aitcmptlng 
to  explain  the  nature  and  principle  of  tlie  British 
loans  in  general,  but  especially  of  the  great  loan  of 
3d  millions  (159,840,000  dollars)  voted  on  the  14th 
of  June  last,  in  part  to  support  the  service  of  the 
year.  ThefacCs  below  have  been  collected,  and 
collated  with  great  care,  and,  we  believe,  are  es- 
sentially correct  in  ail  their  parts.  But  much  stud 
s^  reflection,  perhaps,  mere  than  I  am  capp.ble 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— BRITISH  STATISTICS. 


67 


for  every  100?. 
subscribed. 


fccstouinpf  on  t'le  subject,  is  requisite  to  obtiiiii  a, 
treiiaral  idcii  of  tlie  Britisli  method  of  managing 
their  loans.  Indeed,  it  may  be  estfeemed  as  a  science 
nui generia.  Eut  the  facts  developed,  as  fur  We  have 
g-one,  are  interesting  and  curious. 

The  terms  of  this  loan  of  36  millions  were  as 
follo\vs  1 

130/.  3  per  cents,  reduced 
10/.  4  per  cents. 
4i/.  3  per  cents  consols.     _ 

The  dividend  upon  the  3  per  cent,  reduced  and 
4  per  cents,  to  commence  from  April  last,  and  Upon 
the  3  percent,  consols  from  July  ricxt;  and  the 
first  half-jcarly  dividends  on  the  3  percent,  reduced, 
u  per  cent,  consols,  and  4  per  cents,  to  be  exempted 
from  the  property  tax.  Discount  afi;er  the  rate  of 
4  per  cent,  per  annum  for  payments  made  in  full. 

Tlie  time  of  payment  embraces  a  period  of  10 
months — 10  per  cl-hI.  a  month.  xVie  iirst  instalment 
in  June,  1815,  the  last  in  March,  1815. 

The  day  on  which  this  loan  was  taken,  those 
amounts  bf  stocks  would  have  produced  iri  the  mo- 
ney market  101/.  15  2^-.  This*,  with  the  discount 
for  prompt  payment,  /»-e-lnt€rest  allowed,  &c.  con- 
atitutes  what  is  called  in  stock-jobbing  phrase,  tlie 
boiim;  to  be  sheuni  more  clearly  below. 

Ij.it  in  consequence  of  tliis  great  loan  being re- 
ouircd,  t!ie  stocks  were  lower  on  the  14tli  of  June 
than  they  had  ever  been  before,  on  one  occasion  ex- 
cepted. Only  five  days  before,  tliC  stocks  given  for 
loo/,  would  have  produced  107/.  10.».  6d.  in  money-^ 
thus: 

130/.  3  percent,  reduced  at  571.  10         74/.  15  0 
101.  4  per  cents.  721.  15  71     5  6 

4AI.  3  per  cent  consols         5'il.  15         151.  10  0 


107/.  10  6 


The  stocks,  June   8, 


107/.  10  6 
101/.  15  2i 


nifTercv.ce  .  5/.  14  3^ 

Shewing  a  depreciation  of  the  v.alue  of  stocks,  or 
a  rise  of  the  vahie  of  money,  in  the  space  of  6  days, 
of  51.  14  3i,  per  cent. 

la  tlie  year  1792,  the  3  per  cent,  consols  had  a 
,stca(ly  sa"le  at  95/.  per  cent.  In  1802,  they  had 
fallen' to  7~l.  At  the  peace  of  Paris,  1814,"  they 
were  worth  66/.  Their  present  value  will  be  noted 
below,  wiicnwe  .attempt  to  shew  the  prohtmadeliy 
the  contractors  fur  the  loan. 

The  real  depreciation  of  the  value  of  British 
stocks,  compared  with  gold  and  silver,  may  be  ex- 
hibited as  follows: 

In  1792, 100/.  hi  the  3  per  ceiits.  would 

prcKluce  in  specie         .         .        -.         951,  00  0 
'—  June  14, 1815,  the  same  100/. 
would  fetch  in  paper  curren- 
cy,        ....  551  15 
])educt  premium  for  specie 
at  30  per  cent    .        .        .     16/.  14—39/.     1  0 


all  tlie  instalments,  they  will  receive  for  the  first 
year,  an  additlunal  extra  or  clear  interest  of  about 
1,080,000/.  That  is— the  interest  tliat  will  be  p.dd 
or  accrue  on  the  stocks  issued  for  tJie  money  the  con- 
tractors have  engaged  to  par!,\v[Vt  produce  to  them 
the  sum  of  1,334,054/.  ovn-  and  beyond  the  interest 
on  the  money  as  reaUi/  paid  into  tlie  treasury. 

AV'e  are  unable  to  comprelicnd  clearly  the  amoitilt 
bori'owed  for  the  service  of  tlie  year  1315;  for  the 
chancellor  of  the  eS^chequer  (.Mr.  Vansittart)  some- 
times leaves  us  in  doubt  whether  he  means  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland  jointly,  or  Grcit  Britain  only, 
and  there  are  some  other  tilings  that  we  are  not 
confident  of  under  rightly.  In  Ids  .speech  of  the 
14th  June,  in  the  house  of  commons,  in  producing 
the  budget  he  says — 

"The  total  amoimt  of  the  Capital  treated  hy  the 
oxchequer  bills  [treasury  notes]  funded,  :ind"  the 
loan  in  the  five  per  cents,  amounted  to  21.208,0!_K)/. 
5  per  cent  stock:  the  interest  of  this  to  1,06),'J001, 
the  sinking  fund  331,000/.  widi  tiie  usual  cluirge 
for  managements  The  loan  obtained  that  day  cre- 
ated a  capital  of  49,680,000/.  tlie  interest  of  which 
would  be  1,517,000/.;  the  sinking  fund,  wliirh  by  the 
act  of  1813  was  extended  to  cxciiequer  bills,  would 
amount  to  758,700/.;  tc  whicii  was  to  be  added  the 
charge  for  management.  The  tot.al  amount  of  the 
capital  created  in  tlie  present  year  by  funding,  was 
70,888,000/.  Tlie  interest  on' this  was  2,577,000/.; 
the  sinking  fund  1,090,000/.  Tlic  total  annu.«i  charga 
to  the  country,  3,689,000/.  The  rate  per  cent,  at 
which  the  whole  of  the  sum  raised  in  the  present 
year  had  been  obtained  was,  t)  the  subscribers  (in- 
cluding the  sinking  f'und)  51.  14s.  2^tl  Tlis  total 
charge  to  the  country  -uvas,  every  thhig  included,  81. 
3s.  5'}d." 

By  thjs,  we  suppo:?e  tl^at  nearly  50  millions  liad 
been  borrowed,  and  tliat  the  wliole  charge  to  the 
n.it ion  therefor,  was  i-eid.'y  at  th.e  rate  of  8/.  3s.  5^£(, 
per  cent; 

■\Ve  shall  now  proceed  t:)  an  estimi*"°  of  pirt  of 
the  profits  made  by  the  contractors  far  this  loan  o( 
36  millions  : 

The  price  of  stocks  on  the  27th  of  June  (ofl  tUe 
news  of  the  dov.'nfali  of  JionapartcJ  Was — ^ 

For  3  percent,  reduced  ^58  15  0    - 

4  per  cents.  73     2  6 

3  per  cent,  consols,  6j  10  0 

The  rliir/tcare  price  of  the  latter  m.ay  be  esteem- 
ed at  65/.  wliicli,  iiulccd,  is  lower  th.an  they  are 
under  such  a  circumstance.  But  we  intend  merely 
to  attempt  to  shew  what  ttiey  may  be  considered  t'o 
h;ive  realized  in  tldrtci^ii  daya. 

They  have — 46  miliions  of  3  per  cent,  rcduccdj 
rated  to  tliem,  Jane  16,  at  531.  2s.  6d.  per  cent^  but 
worth  on  ihc  27th  of  that  month,  58/.  15.?;  and  had  an 
lidvance  of  3/.  7s.  6d.  fur  every  lO'J/.  of  stock.  In 
like  manner,  there  was  an  advance  on  the  4  per  centsu 
of  3/.  7s.  Gd.  iuidon  the  3  per  cent,  consols,  of  4/.  lSs> 
per  100/. 
46,000,000  of  3  per  cent;  red.  at  3/.  7s.  Gd. 


lieal  depreciation,  per  cent.  551.  19  0 

That  is — 100/.  of  stock  was  worth  fifty-live  pounds 
nineteen  .sliillings  more  in  1792,  than  on  the  14th 
of  June,  1815. 

I'he  contractors  of  the  loan  ha.ve  also  a  singu- 
Jai"  advantage,  or  bomis,  as  to  the  interest  on  the 
stocks  issueil.  V/e  see  thn,t  the  interest  on  some 
part  of  tlieia  is  actually  to  commence  almost  two 
months  before  tlie  loan  was  cflcctcd! — and  they  will 
have  received,  or  had  due,  274,054  o?  interest,  before 
they  paid  one  farthing  of  the  principal.  And  furttier, 
r.ikhig  the  end  of  .'i  mnnihs  as  tlic  equated  time  of 


per  100/. 
3,600,000 
15,840,000 


1,553,50(1 

4  per  cents  ditto         121,500 

5  percent.  con.sols.4A  156'.         722,4'JO 


^2,296,400 
But  ?vfr.  Vansittjirt  said  the  Coatractors  ji:id  re- 
ceived a  bo?ius  of  SI.  2-7.  .per  cent.  We  do  not  ex- 
actly knov/  how  this  v/as  made  up.  A  part  of  it 
was  in  the  1/.  15«.  2J./.  wliich  he  gave  in  stocky, 
over  tlieir  seliiiig  price  on  the  day  ttie  loan  was  ne- 
gociated,  as  described  al>ovc.  But  tlierc  is  no  doubf. 
they  received  the  wiiolc  3/.  !35.  He  svrtuld  jwt  mnki' 
it  more  than  lie  had  -^JU'P, 


S8    KJLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30',  !8l^i 


56  millions  at  51.  2.?.  per  cent. 
jVdd  to  the  above,  rise  of  stock 


1,116,U00 
2,396,400 


3,512,400 
To  which  ag'arn  add  the  interest  received 
over  and  beyond  tlie  intei-eston  theprin- 
cipal  paid,  "as  before  stated  *  1,334,054 


/.'i,846,45i 
Wliich,  Itliink,  comes  pretty  ner.rly,  though  I  hard- 
ly believe  it  amoimts  to  tb.c  profits  actvally  niade  by 
the  coatrnctors  in  the  space  of  thirteen  days.  Upon 
reflcciion,  I  iccl  confident  that  this  enormous  amount 
^  belo'.v  the  real  profit.  So  great  is  the  proflig-acy 
of  the  government  in  issuing  its  paper,  and  so  wily 
tlie  jobbers  in  the  m;magement  of  tlieir  affairs,  that, 
it  is  probable,  the  sum  may  be  given  at  six  millions 
of  poundi  stei-Ung — if  not  more. 

A  few  more  calculations  and  we  bave  done — 
The  amount  of  tlic  loan  Z.36,000,000 

D«dr.ctth-e  bonus  at  3/.  2s.  per 

cent.  1,115,000 

The  extra  interest  1,334,054 

Other  allowances  and  charges 

of  management  1,000,000 

■ -3,450,054 


Producg 


/.32,549,946 


Then,  to  shew  the  specie,  or  real  value-, 
deduct  at  the  rate  of  30  per  cent,  only 
(r.nd  specie  at  the  time  the  loan  was 
efl'ected  was  more  tlian  that  advance- 
compared  v.ith  Ijank  notes,  and  the 
Biiiish  government  has  doubtless  paid 
at  that  rate  for  it)  and  the  product  will 
be  /.25,03»,420 

Tlie  loan  of  thirty-six  millions  might,  therefore, 

have  been  bought  for  /.25,038,420   in  cash,  or  its 

equivalent.     And  144/.  of  tlie  loan  raised  only  100/. 

in  cash. 

The  stock  issued  for  this  loan  of  36  millions,  which 

raised  25   millions  in  cash,  or  its  equivalent,  was 

65,440,000— thus  : 

46,000,000  of  3  per  cent,  reduced 
3,600,000      4  per  cents. 
15,840,000      3  per  cent,  consols. 


if. 65,440,00— equal  to  ^290,553,600- 
And  100/.  of  s^oc/c' produced  oaly  3S/.  Ss.  In  cash, 
OV  its  e(iulvalcnt. 

Tables  to  shew  tlr;  actu.al  treses  paid  by  the  peo- 
ple of  Finghmd,  including  those  iu  the  shape  of 
tythes,  poor  rates  and  county  rates,  &e.  &c.  witli 
a  calculation  of  what  is  borne  by  tlic  producth'e  po- 
pulation of  the  kingdom,  Vv^ill  be  useful,  and  may 
be  attempted — to  present  a  wholesome  contrast  to 
tlie  people  of  tlie  United  States. 

mOM  A  LVTE  KXCillSU  PAPER. 

Jiav.k  of  England  accounts. — Tlie  average  amount 
of  public  balances  in  the  liands  of  tiro  bank,  be. 
tween  the  1st  of  February,  1814,  and  tho  15tlj  of 
January,  1815,  both  inclusive,  upon  accounts  opened 
at  the  bunk,  w;is  261,162/.  :  and  the  amount  of  the 
same  (exclusive  of  the  exchequer  accwunt)  between 
the  1st  of  February  1814,  and  the  15th  of  January, 
1815,  both  days    inclusive,  upon  accounts  openecl 


at  the  bank  previoiis  to  the  28th  of  March,  1800, 
was  4,227,025/. — The  aggi-egate  amount  of  bank 
notes,  (including  1,200,220/.  in  bank  post  bills)  m^ 
circulation  on  the  15th  of  May,  was  26,473,880"/. 
Tlie  average  amooint  of  unclaimed  dividends  on 
the  hands  of  the  bank  for  12  months,  up  to  the  1st 
of  January,  was  779,794/.  making  the  gross  amount 
9,357,533/.— The  am.ount  of  unclaimed  dividends 
in  tlie  hands  of  the  bank  on  the  first  of  Jaiiuan', 
1815,  was  1,297,742/.  of  which  876,739/.  has  been 
advanced  to  government  per  31  and  43  George  111. 
leaving  a  remainder  in  the  bank  of  421,003/. 
Mr.  GrenfelL's  resolutions,  proposed  concerning  the 
bank  of  England. 

1.  That  it  ::ppears,  that^here  was  paidby  the 
public  to  tlie  bank  of  England,  for  managing  the 
national  debt,  including  the  charge  for  contribu- 
tions on  loans  and  lotteries,  in  the  year  ending 
5th  of  July,  1792,  the  sum  of  99,803?  V2g.  5d.;  and 
that  there'  was  paid  for  the  like  service,  in  the  year 
ending  5th  of  April,  1815,  the  sum  of  281,558/.  6s'. 
11  l-4</.  being  an  increase  of  181,764/.  146\  6  l-4rf. 
In  addition  to  wliich,  the  b.ank  of  En^-land  have 
charged  at  the  rate  of  1250/.  per  million  on  the 
amount  of  property  duty  received  at  the  bank 
on  profits  arising  from  professions,  trades,  and 
oflflces. 

2.  Tliat  the  total  amount  of  bank  notes  and 
bank  post  bills,  in  circulation,  in  the  ye:trs  179J 
and  1796,  the  latter  being  the  year  previous  to  the 
restriction  on  cash  payments;  and  in  the  year  1814* 
was  as  follows : 

1795— 'St  Feb.— 12,73.^,J:0/.— anil  1st  Aug.  11,21J,000/. 
1700— Isl      do.— in,784,740f.— ami  1st  do.        9,856,ll<'- 
13:4— 1st      do.— 25,154,95  /.—and  1st  do.      28,SO  ,1SC7. 

3.  That  at  present  and  during  many  years  pasty 
more  particularly  since  the  year  1806,  considerable 
sums  of  public  money,  forming  together  an  average 
stationary  balance  amounting  to  many  millions,  have 
been  deposited  with,  or  otherwise  placed  in  the 
custody  of  the  bank  of  England,  acting  in  this 
respect  as  the  bankers  of  the  public. 

4.  That  it  appears,  from  a  report  ordered  to 
be  printed,  10th  of  August,  1807,  from  "  tlie  com- 
mittee on  the  public  expenditure  of  the  united 
khigdom,"  that  the  aggregate  amount  of  balances 
and  deposits  of  public  money  ill  the  hands  of  the 
bank  of  England,  including  bank  notes  deposited 
in  the  exchequer,  made  up  in  four  different  periods 
of  the  quarter  ending  5th  Janxiary,  1807,  fluctuattd 
betwixt  the  sums. 

including  bank  notes  depo- 
sited  in  the  chests  of  tlie 
exchequer, 


►-''.  ft) 
p  ■  ;fi 

-3  g 

rr  ^ 
(Jx 


of/.ll,461,200, 
&    12,198,236  ( 


or. 


*This  is  fairly  added,  because  the  prices  quoted 
■vveJ"c  those  paid  for  the  ordinary  stocks.  Those 
issued  for  this  loan  were  not  yet  in  the  market,  ex- 
cept in  wiiat  is  called  ornmnm — i.  e.  a  script  of  a// 
the  stock*  of  wliicli  a  loan  may  be  composed. 


of    /.8,178,5367  excluding  bank  notes  dcpa- 
&.       9,948,400  f      sited  at  the  excliequer. 

5.  That  the  aggregate  amount  of  such  depo- 
sits, together  with  the  exchequer  bills  and  bank 
notes  deposited  in  the  chests  of  the  four  tellers 
of  the  exchequer,  was  on  an  average  in  the  yeai* 
1814— 

11,966,371/.  including  bank  notes  deposited  at  the 
exchequer,  amounting  to  642,264/. 
or, 

11,324,107/.  excluding  bank  notes  deposited  at  the 
cxciiequer. 

6.  That  it  appears  that  this  aggregate  amount 
of  deposits,  together  with  such  portions  of  the 
amount  of  bank  notes  and  bank  post  bills  in  cir- 
culation as  may  have  been  invested  by  the  bank  in 
securities  bearing  interest,  was  productive  during 
tlie  same  period,  of  interest  and  profit  to  the  bank 
of  England. 


SILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SOUTH  AMEaieA. 


69 


7.  Tliat  the  onlv  particip.-xtion  hitherto  enjoyed 
by  the  public,  since  the  year  1806,  in  the  profits 
thus  made  on  such  deposits  by  the  bank,  has  con- 
sisted of  a  loan  of  three  millions,  advanced  by  the 
bank,  by  46  Geo.  III.  cap.  41,  bearing-  3  per  cent, 
interest,  wliich  loan  was  discharged  in  December, 
1814 :  and  in  another  loan  of  three  millions,  ad- 
vanced to  the  public  by  the  bank  by  the  48  Geo. 
HI.  cap  3,  free,  of  any  charge  of  interest;  wliich 
loan  became  payable  in  December,  1814,  but  has,  by 
an  act  of  the  present  session  of  parliament,  c.^j:,  16, 
been  contiimcd  to  the  5th  of  April,  1816. 

8.  That  this  liouse  will  take  into  early  consi- 
deration the  advantages  derived  by  the  bank,  as 
well  from  the  management  of  tlie  national  debt 
as  from  the  amount  of  balances  of  public  money 
remaining  in  their  hands,  with  the  view  to  the 
adoption  of  such  an  ai-rangement,  when  the  engage- 
ments now  subsisting  shall  have  expired,  as  may  be 
consistent  witii  what  is  due  to  the  interests  of  the 
gublic,  and  to  the  rights,  credit,  and  stability  of  the 
tank  of  England. 

IStli  June,  1815, 


Mexico  and  South  America. 

fFrom  a  Louisiana  Correspondent. J 
At  a  time  when  our  brethren  of  Alcxico  and  South 
America  are  bravely  contending  for  their  liberties, 
it  must  be  gratifying  to  the  people  of  tlie  United 
States  to  receive  an  account  of  their  progress. 

The  Spanish  government  having  proliibited  the 
entry  of  foreigners  into  those  important  regions,  for 
the  space  of  three  centuriesj  we  have  only  heard  of 
their  existence  by  the  fame  of  their  mines:  But  tlie 
spell  is  at  an  end,  the  veil  is  rent  asunder,  and  the 
magnificent  theatre  of  tlie  New  World  begins  to  un- 
fold itself  in  all  its  grandeur. 

Mexico  and  South  America  have,  from  the  con. 
quest,  been  divided  in  several  grand  sections,  daio- 
minated  by  the  Spaniards  vice-royalties,  or  captain- 
generalships.  The  vice-royalties  are,  Mexico,  Xcw 
tiranada,  Rio  de  la  Plata,  and  Peru:  Tlie  capital,  or 
seats  of  government  are,  Mexico,  Santa  Fe  de 
Bogata,  Buenos  Ayi-es,  and  Lima.  The  captain-ge- 
peralships  are,  Guatimala,  Venezuela,  Chili,  &c. 

VICK-ROTAITT  OF  MEXICO. 

Tlie  import.tnce  of  this  pai-t  of  America,  has  been 
better  known  since  the  travels  of  the  celebrated  ba- 
ron de  Humboldt  were  published  in  Paris.  "I  con- 
sider," says  he,  "as  extremely  probable,  tliat  the 
population  of  Mexico  in  1808,  exceeds  6,500,000." 
It  is  to  be  observed  tliat  Humboldt  was  deceived  by 
the  Spanisii  authorities,  as  the  policy  of  their  cabi- 
net constantly  has  been  to  conceal  the  importance 
of  that  extensive  country.  We  know  that  the  at- 
tempts  of  the  famous  count  de  Rnvillagegedo  failed 
.during  the  admini. ration  of  his  paternal  govern- 
ment, probably  hi  compliance  with  orders  from  the 
kin^.  Ravillagegedo  was  an  Ainericnn,  and  Mex- 
ico is  indebted  to  his  zeal  and  patriotism  in  many 
respects.  ISIany  of  the  most  intelligent  natives 
compute  the  population  of  the  vice-royalty  of  Mex- 
ico at  9,000,000  of  inhabitants,  of  which  tlie  city 
.of  Mexico  alone  contains  200,000. 

The  spirit  of  independence  was,  from  tlie  begin- 
ning of  the  revolution,  counteracted  by  the  violence 
of  party  animosities.  Tlie  failure  of  Hidalgo  is  at- 
tributed to  several  causes;  disaffection,  want  of 
system  and  order;  yet  his  downfall  was  chiefly  as- 
cribabl*  to  Vegenas' perfidy.  The  patriotism' and 
example  of  Hidalgo  has  inflamed  the  breasts  of  iiis 
countrymen,  more  especially  tlie  Mexican  clergy, 
as  he  was  himself  a  priest.  The  events  of  late  yeoi-s 
have  tended  to  enlightca  th^  iiidcp^aciwt  gorern- 


ment  of  Mexico  on  the  subject  of  itsifuture  opera- 
tions, towards  the  establishment  of  a  free  and  eii- 
lightened  system  of  polity.     Order  h;is  thus  sue 
ceeded  confu.sion  and  anarchy.     A  paternal  govera- 
ment  is  established  at  7'a//ada/if/,  composed  of  tliree 
branches.  We  bave  seen  a  part  of  the  address  of  the 
Mexican  congress  to  the  pcoi)lc.     It  is  a  masterly 
piece  of  eloquence,  of  sound  principles,  of  true  love 
of  country  and  liberty.     T,,e   independent  armv  of 
Mexico,  may  be  estimated  at  70,000  regular  troops 
and  militia,  and  they  have  the  liappiest  prospects 
of  complete  success.     Where  is  the  republican  that 
does  not  sigh  fin-  the  emancipation  of  Mexico.-'  Who 
tliat  is  fi-ee,  will  deny  the   blessing  to  h'n  brotJier, 
or  be  indifferent  of  his  straggles  to  win  it  of  ^yr;in- 
ny?  Who  is  there  in  the  United  States,  merchant  or 
manufacturer,  planter  or  artizan,  tliat  would  not  be 
benefitted  by  the  liberation  of  this  great  cipire 
from  Spain,  and   in  its  exaltation  to  the  rank  of 
a  sovereign  and  independent  state.'  Tlie  advance- 
ment of  republican  principles,   as  well  as  o'"  the 
commercial  interests  of  our  country,  are  alike  en- 
gaged on  the  side  of  the  patriots  of  Spanish  Ame- 
rica, whose  success  would  open  a  source  of  tr^^de 
to  us  more  important  than  any  we  have  with   the 
sld  v.-orld.     In  t'ne  present  stite  of  nations,  p-ilicv, 
perhaps,  xaa.y  require  the  government  of  tlie  Uuii- 
pdStates  to  be  neutral  on  this  great  questiin,  but 
it  is  impossible  to  divest  the  people  of  theii-  wish- 
es for  the   prosperity    of  the  patriots. 

vicE-norALTr  or  new  urisaua. 
This  great  section  of  South  America  is  most  idv 
vantageously  situated.  Placed  at  the  head  of  t'li^ 
extensive  peninsula,  possessing  sea  ports  both  on 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  natui-e  has  render- 
ed New  Granada  one  of  the  finest  and  riciiest 
countries  in  the  ne^r  world.  The  communication 
on  both  seas  is  strengthened  by  the  strong  holds  of 
Guayaquil  and  Carthagcna;  both  harbors  capable 
of  giving  an  asylum  to  all  the  navies  of  Europe. 
Carthagena  is  as  well  fortified  as  Cadiz. 

For  tlie  information  of  your  readers,  I  give  the 
following  comparative  statistical  table  of  that  coun- 
try, with  the  United  States,  at  the  commencement 
of  their  political  existence: 

CQinparative  table  of  (lie  population,  extent,  commerce 
and  coinage  of  the  United  States  of  America  and 
the  province  of  J\'eiv  Granada,  at  tlie  epoch  of  the 
declaration  of  their  independeiice. 

lIKiTED  ST.VTES. 

Population.  According  to  the  data  presented  t« 
congress  by  the  members  on  the  22d  of  June  1775, 
tJie  United  States  contained  in  the  whole 

2,448,000 


NEW    CRA^TABA. 

Population.     Guayaquil  and  Loxa,^ 
Cicenca  and  Quixos 
Quito 

I'opayan  and  Ney^-a 
Ghoco  and  Antiochia 
Tiinjaand  Cundinamarca 
Socorro  and  l*amplona 
Lanos  and  M:u'iquita 
Carthagena  and  Santamarta 
Rio  Hacha,  Panama  and  Veraguas 


130,000 
240,000 
500,000 
365,J00 
150,000 
590,000 
21.>,000 
130,000 
280,000 
100,000 

2,-500,000 


TNITEB    STATES. 

Extent.  The  thirteen  United  States  at  tlie  de- 
claration  of  independence, contained,  according  to 
Brissot,  207,030  square  miles,  equal  to  leagaic,-;  of 
652Q  )r»nis,  ,  63,672 


(T 


7^       NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  oO,  1£1^^ 


STEW  GHANADA. 

Extent.  New  Gnuiada  from  Guatainala  to  Ma- 
raciiybo  on  the  Atlaiitic,  and  from  Veraguas  to  the 
vailev  of  Tumbez  on  the  Pacific,  and  thence  to 
iMaracaybo,  conUiins  67,200  leagues. 

UNITED    STJTtS. 

Commerce.  By  the  calculations  of  Brlssot,  Rocht 
foucault  and  Holnves,  tlie  imports  of  tlig  colonies 
in  11  years,  from  1763  until  1775,  amounted  to 
26,582,269  pounds  stealing,  and  the  exports  to 
13,765,963,  vhich  amounts  annually tq 
Imports  ^.416,569        gl0,074,306 

Exports  1,251,451  5,562,00^ 

NT.W    GllAXAD-V. 

Annually  exports  in  specie 


Comrnerce. 
lion  at 
Cotton,    cocoa,    ludes,    bark,    platina, 
emeralds,    live    stoick,     provisipns, 
woods  »nd  drugs 


and    bul- 
7,000,000 


2,500,0000 


9,500,000 


In  fovU"  years,  from  1801  to  1804,  there  was  coin- 
ed in  New  Granada — 
In  Santa  Fe  in  1801  to  180*. 

Silver  S'28,272 

Gold  5,21t,199 

In  Popayan. 

Gokl  3,851,858 

9,097,829 
2,299,219  Annually.* 

The  seat  of  governnierit  of  New  Granada  is  now 
held  at  tl.c  Jineient  palace  of  tlie  Spanish  vice- 
fovs.  Tlie  provinces  are  governed  by  the  last 
acts  of  the  congress;  and  by  this  regalatJQu  there 
is  in  each  of  tiie  provinces  a  .governor,  a  lieutenant 
g-overnor,  an  assembly,  and  a  tribunal  of  justice 
i'jv  appeal.  All  the  public  functionaries  are  cho- 
sen by  X\\e  voice  of  the  people,  according  to  the  elec- 
tion laws  enacted  by  the  provincial  leg-islaturej. — 
^''ViC  federal  government  has  made  a  very  success- 
fid  attempt  to  organl/.e  the  provincial  governments 
on  ihe  same  biisis.  By  these  means,  local  preju- 
dices no  longer  exist,  and  ample  and  effective 
pov.'cr  has  been  given  to  the  general  government; 
•vhich,  by  the  same  law,  is  composed  of  three 
equul  lyi'anchss.  The  executive  council  consists 
oi'  vhree  members,  wlio  are  ciioscn  ibr  tln-ee  years, 
oiie  of  whom  is  annually  elected.  Tlie  legisla- 
ture is  c'/mposed  of  two  deputies  fram  each  p'o- 
vince.  The  supreme  tribunal  consists  of  five  judg- 
es, and  two  attornies  general,  one  of  whom  offi- 
ciates in  the  civil,  and  the  other  in  the  criminal 
court.  The  seat  of  govevnincnt  is  at  S^anta  Fe  de 
fJogat^. 

fi'o  be  continuedj 


Foreign  Articles. 

The  exultation  of  the  British  over  the  fallen 
^Aipoteon  Bonaparte,  ii  disgraceful  to  the  cliaracter 
pf  their  country.  The  lion  preys  not  on  dead  car- 
cases And  his  transportation  to  St.  Helena  is  an 
outrageous  stretch  of  power  without  law,  and  alj- 
horrcnt  to  every  principle  of  greatness  and  mag- 
nanimity. History  Vv^ill  speak  of  it  as  a  violation  of 
all  honorable  feeling,  aud  give  to  infamy  the  go- 
vernments tl^at  directed  tlie  procedure  llow  dif- 
ferent the  behavior  of  France  to  kings  of  England 
^;xpelled  from  their  country!     Tlie  b:u-barism  of  the 


*The  writer  has  a  table,  shewing  that  from,  1792, 
to  1796,  the  amount  of  the  coinage  of  the  Uijit- 
ed  Swles,  was  jnly  about  ^i&3,bi^ pev  anmtn. 


transaction  is  strengthened  by  a  knowledge  of  the 
fact,  (which  every  act  of  tlie  allies  in  France,  de- 
monstrates) that  lie  was  the  chosen  ruler  6f  the 
French  people.  Many  people  believe  that  the  re* 
ports  ^ven  out  of  his  expected  resistance  to  trans- 
portation, arc  intended  to  cloak  his  designed  mur-.. 
der;  which,  indeed,  is  well  supported  by  the 
fact  that  Cockburn  is  to  have  charge  of  him — a  m:ui 
capable  of  ani/  thing  but  an  honest  or  iionor^ible 
action, 

Carnot  retires  to  Switzerland.  Foreign  troop* 
are  yet  pouring  into  France.  It  would  appear  that 
some  of  them  may  be  necessary  to  protect  Louis  on 
the  throne;  which,  certainly,  is  not  interfering  with 
tlie  internal  government  of  France!!  The  duke  of 
Otranto,  by  license  fiom  the  king,  has  married  ma- 
demoiselle de  Castellanc,  "of  one  of  the  most  an- 
cient families  of  Provence." 

The  works  of  art  brought  to  Papia  as  tropliies  of 
the  victories  of  France,  from  Italy,  Prussia,  &.c.  &c. 
are  to  be  carried  back.  Bonaparte  has  been  gi-eat-. 
ly  abused  for  caiTying  off  these  articles — why  was 
he  more  reprehensible  for  that,  than  the  British 
fop  sacking  Akxandiia,  or  for  taking  negro  slai-rs 
awayr! 

A  shock.'  The  exchange  at  Vienna  fell  12  per 
cent,  on  a  report  tliat  Bonaparte  has  escaped  fi'om 
Havre! 

It  is  said  that  the  emperor  Alexander  will  at- 
tend the  coronation  of  "his  brother  of  Austria"  as 
ting  of  Lombardy — and  tlie  latter  will,  assuredly, 
retyrn  the  compliment  by  seeing  him  cro\\med  Icing 
of  Poland.  These  monarchs  have  not  one  particle 
of  that  ambition  they  charged  Bonaparte  v/ith — 
no,  not  cne  particle!  Thetj  do  not  want  to  ad.d 
kingdom  to  kingdom-i-no,  no! ! 

The  British  are  rapidly  reducjng  their  naval  e^- 
tul)lishment. 

Many  arrests  have  been  made  inFrance  for  "sediti- 
ous pries."  Tlie  king  hhnsclf  appears  to  be  assail- 
ed with  tliem  very  frequently — the  people  coming 
under  his  very  windows,  tliat  he  may  hear  them. 
The  audacity  of  the  factious,  says  a  Paris  paper  of 
Aug.  6,  increases  daily.  30,000  Prussians  are  com- 
ing to  P*i'is.  The  report  that  a  body  of  Prussian  .s 
had  been  cut  ofi,  seems  destitute  of  any  foundation. 
It  is  understood  that  100,000  foreign  troops  are 
to  remain  in  Fi'ancc  five  years — tu. shew  the  love  of 
the  people  for  their  king ! 

A  Paris  paper,  of  August  5,  says,  M.irshcd  Brune 
and  his  troops  have  sent  in  their  submission, 

Tbe  4uke  of  Bassano  has  obtained  leave  to  reside 
in  Switzerland. 

The  pope  has  written  to  tlie  king  of  Spain  to  in- 
vite hira  to  re-establish  the  order  of  tlie  Jesuits  in 
his  kingdom,  as  a  measure  necessary  for  the  main- 
tenance of  religion,  the  reformation  of  manners, 
and  the  progress  of  science. 

Many  of  tlie  generals  aamed  in  the  decree  of  tlie 
king,  of  the  24th  July,  it  is  said  have  obtained 
passports  to  depax't  from  the  kingdom. 

The  exportation  of  gTaiji  and  other  provisions 
from  France  is  jirohibited. 

French  funds  Gu\. 

It  is  rumored  that  Murat  has  been  arrested  at 
Toulon,  v.ith  all  his  treasure. 

The  Diet  of  Sv.itzca-land  have  been  obliged  to 
take  hostile  steps  against  the  canton  Underv.'ald,  in 
consequence  of  arm:in(cnts  prep;a-ing  there  by  di$- 
aiFectf  d  persons. 

(Jj^'lf  the  following  be  a  genuine  paper,  it  exhi- 
bits a  trait  of  character  in  Louis  that  cannot  be  too 
highly  estimated — but  we  doubt  its  authenticity. 
The  following  note  by  the  editor  of  the  Democratic 
J?rssp^  .sli,cws  the-  manner  in  v-lycU  it  was  rco^civc*.. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


1 


*'Jiii5L  as  our  paper  was,  yesterday,  g'oing  to  press, 
■^Ve  were  favored  with  the  very  important  note  of 
princeTalleyrand,  to  theministei-s  of  tlie  allied  pow- 
ers. The  intcre.-3ting-  character  of  this  note  and  the 
doubts  which  are  expressed  of  its  authenticity  in- 
duce us  to  g^ive  it  another  insertion,  and  accompany 
it  with  a  statement  of  all  we  know  concerning  it. 

"The  note,  in,  French,  v/as  received  by  a  respect- 
able mercJiant  of  this  city,  inclosed  in  a  letter  from 
his  correspondent  at  Roc'helle,  dated  19th  Aug'ust, 
by  the  scluv  Sally,  from  Xitutz.  The  gentleman  at 
Rochelle  received  tlie  note  of  prince  Tallcjrand 
from  tlie  prefect  of  his  department,  who  told  hjm 
that  it  had  been  sent  ir^  a  circular  form  to  all  the 
prefects  in  France.  At  the  boUom  of  the  enclosed 
note  is  a  memorandum  to  this  eftect : — "A  favora- 
ble answer  ha.s  just  been  received  from  the  allied 
powers."  This  memorandum  probably  relates  to 
the  point  of  time  at  which  tlie  letter  is  dated,  Au- 
g'ust 19. 

"Other  letters  received  in  this  city  state,  that 
there  are  40'JO  Prussians  in  Xantz,  and  tlic  inhabi- 
tants have  sent  all  the  young  ladies  out  of  the  city. 

Translated  for  the  Democratic  Press. 

JVo^e  dilivered  by  prince  Talkvrand  to  the  ministers  of 

the  allied  po-^ers. 

■"The  conduct  of  the  allied  armies  will  soon  re- 
duce my  people  to  the  necessity  of  arming  against 
them,  as  has  been  done  in  Spain.  A\'cre  1  younger 
I  would  put  myself  at  their  head,  but  if  age  and 
my  infirmities  prevent  me  from  doing  it,  I  will  not 
at  any  rate  co-operate  in  the  calamities  under  which 
I  groan,  and  if  J  cannot  mitigate  them,  I  am  deter- 
inined  to  ask  an  asylum  of  the  king  of  Spain. 

"Let  those  wlio,  even  after  the  e;.piure  of  the 
man,  against  whom  alone,  they  have  deoiarcd  war, 
continue  to  treat  my  people  as  enemies,  and  conse- 
quently to  consider  me  as  such,  attempt  my  liberty 
if  they  think  proper — they  are  the  masters — I  prefer 
living  in  a  prison  to  remaining  here  a  passive  spec- 
tator of  the  sufferings  of  my  children." 

Ilom.iffs  of  refpcct  to  Bortaparte.  Tlie  Plymouth 
correspondent  of  a  London  paper,  speaking'  of  the 
peremptory  and  precipitate  measures  foi-  removing 
Bonaparte,  says: 

"There  certainly  appears  a  considerable  degree 
of  haste  in  this  business — not  to  saj'  harshness. 
Many  reasons  are  as.signed  for  it,  Ti'ie  Plymouth 
Dock  paper  s.ays:  'On  Sunday,  we  regret  to  say,  a 
large  portion  of  spectators,  tio't  nnhf  took  of  their 'hats 
but  cheered  him;  apparently  with  tlie  view  of  sootli- 
ing  his  fallen  fortunes,  and  treating  him  with  re- 
spect and  consideration,"   &c. "His  linen,   sent 

ashore,  to  be  washed,  has  been  held  in  such  high 
esteem,  that  many  individuals  have  temporarily  put 
on  his  shirts,  waistcoats  and  neckcloths.  Blind  in- 
fatuation!" Our  correspondent,  who  was  alongside 
the  llellcrophon  on  Sunday  last,  says,  that  the  sym- 
pathy in  liis  f\ivor  was  astonishing;  tliat  lie  heard 
no  cheering,  but  that  the  hats  of  Sie  men  and  the 
liandkerchiefs  of  the  ladies,  were  waving  in  every 
direction.  Bonaparte  liiinself  has  observed,  that  lie 
recognized  in  the  behavior  of  the  myriads  in  Ply- 
mouth Sound,  the  magnanimity  of  the  British  peo- 
ple; who,  he  said,  were,  in  general,  too  noble  to 
strike  or  insult  an  enemy  at  their  mercy:  It  is  too 
probable,  however,  that  the  respect  and  considera- 
tion in  wliich  he  was  held  on  board  the  IJelkro- 
phon,  and  the  altogether  unexpected  but  generous 
treatment  whicli  he  experienced  in  Plymouth 
Sound,  has  partly  produced  llic  precipitate"  sailing 
of  the  Belieropiion  from  that  port. 

General  Bcrtrand,  his  v.'ife,  .and  children,  count 
and  cour.tess  Tvlonthalon  and  child,  count  Lasca'^^^:es, 


general  Gourgard,  nine  male  and  three  female  cVi 
mestics,  accompanied  B.onapartc.     Savary  and  Lai. 
lemand  were  left  on  board  the  riellerophcn, 

Torbay,  .•hiq-iisi  7^  Sailed  the  .Myrmidon,  to  V:.-i 
westward,  witli  such  of  Bonaplirtc's  su;i.e  as  r.;-^- 
not  to  accompany  Jiim.  i 

Degradation  of  Frnnce.  O.i  the  21st  July,  it  w..^ 
agreed  by  the  allied  and  French  nnnistcrs,  t!.,'it. 
the  allied  forces  should  be  statifjned  in  certain  de- 
partments in  order  to  c^iuse  the  king's  autliority  t-j 
be  respected,  and  to  render  t!;e  appraviTionrvmer-t 
of  the  forces  less  inc.onvenient  to  the  French  na- 
tion. Tiie  allied  commanders  arc  tn  apfioint  7iiUta.ni 
gove^mnrs — ^l)ut  tlic  prefects  and  sub-prePects  of 
Louis  are  to  conthiue  in  authority.  The  money  re- 
quisitions ontown.s  are  to  be  discontinued.  ' 

Tlie  movements  of  the  allied  corps,  as  stated  in 
the  Paris  papers,  shew  tliis  arrangement  was  in  exe- 
cution. The  British  troops  were  advancing  into 
the  western  dcp.a-tments. 

A  Paris  article  of  .\ugust  2,  savs  'Hlte  government 
is  much  the  same  to  all  substantial  piirpc/.^fSy  as  if  t/sa 
i.ingirere  not  nmrjjijus" — of  wliich  there  is  no  doubt. 

A  B.isie  paper  of  July  IT,  savs — Yesterday  nu-nc- 
rous  deserters  escaped  from  Hunengen.  Tiie  v/orks 
of  the  siege  go  oii  rapidJy;  the  cannon  v^'ill  Koon 
be  planted  on  tliem. 

Tlie  allied  troops  leave  ?,Iont  Belliru'd  to  advance. 
The  French  provinces  feel  now  vv'hat  it  is  to  sup- 
port foreign  armies  at  the  expence  of  the  country. 

The  department  of  the  Upper  Rliine  is  to  paj^ 
within  a  month  a  contribution  of  four  millions  of 
francs.  The  mercliants  to  pay  beside  550,000  at 
the  end  of  the  v/eek,  and  4,000  for  everv  dav's  de- 
lay. -Mulilhausen  100,000  and  Colmar  280,000  for 
requisitions  not  furnished,  with  2,000  of  every  day's 
delay. 

Extract  of  a  letter  dated  P;u-is,  10th  August, 
1315:  "Vi'e  have  been  these  two  d;'.ys  past  in  the 
greates'.  consternation  for  the  life  of  our  sovereign; 
liis  majesty  having  attempted  to  command  the  ma- 
nctitvret  of  the  national  guards,  at  the  grand  pa- 
rade on  the  Carousel,  fatigued  himself  so  laacli 
that  he  was  seized  by  a  violent  attack  of  the  gout, 
which  proved  nearly  fatal;  his  majesty  v/as  confes- 
sed next  day.  Public  prayers  were  ordered  i:nme- 
diately — the  churcnes  v/ere  full  day  and  night, — 
God,  in  his  mercy,  has  been  pleased  to  restore 
health  to  our  beloved  sovereign,  who  is  now  in  a 
f.ur  way  of  rccovciy.  In  consequence  of  this  acci- 
dent, an  order  has  just  been  issued  to  the  gaiiisoa 
of  Paris  for  relieving  the  national  guards  from  this 
unnecessary  sliow  of  miiitaiy  parades,  which  wi' I 
be  replaced  by  the  attendance  of  the  troops  of  the 
good  allies;  the  n:itional  guards  will  only  attend  at 
a  solemn  mass  every  Simday,  so  gi-ace  be  reixlered 
to  our  pious  king — before  long,  every  vestige  of  uh  : 
tyrant's  institutions  vjil  disappear:  the  holy  phial 
having  been  destrjye;!  at  It'ieims  d;iring  trie  rev  >- 
!'Lti.on,  the  ecclesiastical  peers  are  daiiy  sitting- in 
conclave  to  consult  ujion  the  means  of  subsLitutir.g 
something  fir  the  sacred  pliial,  drought  by  a  -mhiv::  pi- 
q-'eon  from  Heaven;  we  are  waiting-  most  anxious;'/ 
to  know  when  and  where  oiu-  king  will  fi.ut  lu^ 
home." 

From  the  Gazette  de  la  Cour.  Vxnis,  .iri-Y  27. — 
^Vc  a]'c  really  at  a  loss  to  account  for  the  indirect, 
insults  claily  offered  to  our  august  soverci'm,  by 
the  Prti.ssian  troops;  we  are  informed,  upon  gvoi 
:uithoriry,  tliat  a  tl-w  da.ys  ago,  one  of  the  Sp.inisii 
i:ifi';itri.~;  charged  with  a  mi.'jsion  extr;;ordiiiary  from 
his  Catholic  majesty  the  king-  of  Sp.dn,  presented 
iiimself  at  the  gate  cf  the  castle  of  tiie  I'liuilie- 
rie.",  and  Vfas  m-ost  insolently  xefu^'ed  aci-mjuaric". 


7:i>    KILES' 


WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATUflDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  I8I5.. 


by  the  Prussia'.i  commr.ndiiipr  officer  of  the  guArd; 
hl.-i  royal  higlincss  was  ob'ig-edto  submit  to  t!vo  dc- 
wiidinfj  necessity  or"  repah'ir.g:  to  uie  quuvtcrs  of 
the  Pnis  iaii  coinmandcr  of  tlic  sixth  a>-'jiidh-:e- 
■me-iit  m  \y\uc\x  our  bdovd  Ung  resides,  to  snilci"^ 
the  permission  of  seeing' hij  aiig-ust  relation;  \vhicn 
was  not  granted  to  lilm  but  with  some  dilHculty. 
iTiese  tilings  cannot  be  dwelt  oli  with  perfect  c;u;o, 
Ijut — hu.zzn  fur  the  Bourbons! 

riri)n)u;.1:ig-i'.:^t  13.  A  reqtilsition  was  made  on 
the  22d  July,  of  800,000  francs,  on  the  dc])artment 
of  the  Somme,  for  the  service  of  the  troops  of  tiie 
kinp;'  of  the  NetlKrlands.  This  depirtnicnt  having- 
sn11c:-ed  c.on.sid^ra'oiy  by  ti:e  p.isri.t;ce  of  200,000 
Tnen,  foii'id  it  impossible  t<;  comply  witli  this  reijui- 
sition.  Tiie  sub-prefect  went,  iiumcdialcl}'  to  Pa- 
ris, to- see  the  hereditary  prince  of  Orange,  to  ex- 
pose the  situation  of  the  department;  and  the  prince 
g-enerously  dispensed  u'itn  tlie  requi.nlion. 

Pari.'!,  Angnst  o. — We  are  asstu-ed  that,  accordr 
in"- to  tiie  ^neasnrcs  ordered  in'  tlie  Pki'ssian  g-ene- 
I'als,  tlic  F7Y'«.c/i  military  who  rcnain  at  Paris  witli- 
out  anthority,  will  be  exposed  to  be  considered  as 
prisoners  of  war. 

July  29 — News  from  Vienna  add  some  f  icts  to  those 
■which  we  have  already  stated,  resp^x:  ing  tiie  ;xrch- 
dnchess  .^Jaria  Lotusa  and  her  son.  When  tlie  news 
of  tiie  ab;lication  of  Bnnap.u-tL  arrived  at  S^lioen- 
brnnn,  the  persons  attached  to  tlic  court  of  the  arch- 
ducliess,  wi.shed  to  express  their  joy,  but  every 
demonstration  of  that  kind  vtas  strictly  forbidden 
by  the  police,  l^osi.lcs,  even  before  tiie  departure 
*f  the  emperor  for  tiie  .'ivmies,  and  the  subscijucnt 
events,  this  princess  h.ad,  it  h  said,  g-iven  her  fa- 
ther the  a:,t,urance,  thai  slie  would  r.evcr,  under  any 
pretext,  reiurn  to  France. 

Aiiipist6. — The  army  of  the  Loire  and  Suchet's, 
ore  no  longer  composed  of  any  but  oiRcers.  Ail 
tlie  soldiers  have  deserted  to  go  home. 

'Workmen  were  employed  in  rcpdacing  t!ic  names 
of  the  streets  and  public  places  of  P;U'is,  which 
they  bore  previous  to  the  year  1792. 

Au'y-us'  \(). — Letters  f  om  AnistjCrd.iin,  state,  that 
lite  stocks  of  the  United  Suites  have  advanced  con- 
siderably. 

The  king,  by  special  decree,  has  recognized  as 
part  of  the  national  debt,  tlie  contracts  and  expen- 
ditures made  by  Bonaparte  during  his  late  usurpa- 
tion, as  a  matter  of  grace  and  not  of  obligation. 

Anq-iist  12.— ^larsliai  Ncy  has  been  arres'.ed,  and 
conducted  to  Anrillac. 

.Marshal  Rrune,  afier  having  quitted  Toulon,  with 
passports  fi-<nn  M.  de  Revierrc,  has  been  assailed 
by  the  people  of  Avignon.  He  aliglited  from  his 
carriage,  and  took  refuge  in  one  of  the  hotels  in  tb.e 
city.  The  prefect  h.ad  advised  him  to  prosecute  his 
journey  without  delay;  and  having  heard  tlnit  his 
life  was  in  danger  by  tlic  populace,  he  went  to  res- 
cue him  at  the  peril  of  his  life  ;  and  at  that  moment, 
the  marshal  thinlung  that  his  door  vould  be  forced, 
shot  himself! 

Anffiist  14. — Orders  have  been  given  that  mars'sal 
Ney  be  transferred,  to  Paris.  It  is  pre.siuned  that  he 
tvill  arrive  in  four  or  five  days,  :uid  that  the  process 
r.gainst  him  will  commence  immediately. 

Marshal  Macdonald,  duke  of  Tarente,  took  on 
the  1st  instiuit,  the  command  of  tlie  army  of  the 
Xoire.  It  constituted  an  eftectlve  force  of  45,000 
.men. 

ycrsailles,  Aiiipist  1. — We  are  assured  that  our 
prefect  has  been  requh-ed  In"  a  military  autlioritv, 
fflot  French,  to  deliver  up  tlie  registers,  of  the  votes 
^an  the  las'  in.stanccs,  in  favor  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte 
^awd  his  constitutj'jnal  act.    It  is  added,  that  it  is 


miy  intended  to  watch  strictly  the  individuals  wijo' 
lave  given  tlicse  votes.     [These  amnmit  to 
nen.     See  Vol.  VIU.  page        .] 

I.onrhn,  At.'fi-iist  7 . — There  wa.s  scarcely  any  bu- 
siness transacted  yesterday  on  tlie  stock  excl-.ange; 
land  we  lu-c  sorry  to  find,  that  the  little  that  watt 
done  iiad  the  eii'ect  of  depressing  the  consols  one- 
'pighth  per  cent.  The  emigrations  to  Paris,  the 
daily  draughts  from  this  country,  tlie  unfavorable 
state  of  exchange,  tiie  stagnation  of  trade,  and  th^ 
consequent  mercantile  emharrassmenla,  all  conspire 
to  jiaralyse  speculatiqn,  and  to  keep  the  funds  below 
par,  notwithstanding  the  temptation  to  pui'chasc 
stock,  v.hicli  will  at  present  prices,  produce  abput 
five  and  a  half  jier  ctnt  interest. 

C:irdiiiai  Fescli,  in  passing  through  r>xrg  (.Vin) 
officiated  there  clerically.  After  divine  servic  some 
persons  ponducted  him  to  his  residence,  cryir.g 
loudly  "Vive  I'ihiipereur!"  'Fhe  A.ustrian  gcnenvl 
wiio  commanded  in  the  town,  sent  for  tlie  inayor^ 
u].bi\ddedliim  with  not  having  immediately  repres- 
sed the  cries  of  sedition,  and  imposed  a  line  oi' 
60,000  francs  upon  tiie  ciir,  to  be  paid  in  tvv..nty- 
four  hours  by  way  of  punishment. 

It  is  Haid  th.at  generals  Excelsmans  and  Fluhaut 
have  establislied  tl'.eniselvcs  at  Effiat,  in  Auvergne, 
ill  a  castle  capable  to  a  certain  degr<-e  of  defence. 
They  have  ^\  ith  them  about  800  men,  who  spread 
terror  through  the  iieiglihor'icod.  General  Lefebre 
Desnouette;^  has  adopted  the  same  course  on  tlie 
estate  of  M.  de  la  Trcmouille,  near  Cosna.  He 
make.'?  war  as  ;i  partisan  in  a  neighboring  country.. 
The  reraaiiiing  part  of  tiie  Fre;ic!i  army,  whicli 
gained  \uvergnc,  appears  on  the  contrary  eager  to 
submit. 

Aujrst  5. — The  residence  of  the  duke  of  Vi'cl- 
lington  is  at  length  fixed  in  Clicshire,  A  purchase 
of  land  is  said  to  h;i,v&  been  agreed  upon,  consisting, 
of  about  12,000  acre.3.  Tlie  mansion  is  to  be  as 
splendid  as  200,000  pounds  can  make  it. 

.'htffiiai  8. — The  army  of  the  l..oii'e  has  made  s^ 
movement  wliicli  appears  to  be  directed  towards 
tlic  moinitalns  of  Auvergnc,  whither  it  is  preceded 
by  a  great  part  of  its  material  and  artillery. 

^Marshal  Suciiet  was  at  Koiume  on  .S;iturday  morn- 
ing. He  iiad  with  iiiin  about  7  or  8  battalions  ;uid 
artillery  proportioned  to  that  number  of  troops 

Tlie  allied  troops  are  m.iking  disposuious  for  a 
vigorous  blocJcade  of  Laon  and  Soissons. 

A  Russian  militiuy  government  has  been  orga- 
nized  for  Lorraine,   Jiwd   the    departments   of   the ' 
Marne  and  the  Seine  and  the  Marne. 

General  Lecourbc  is  shtitup  in  Befort^Besancon 
is  yet  blockaded. 

August  9.  Letters  of  the  6tli,  as  well  as  Paris 
Journals  of  that  date,  ]n-epare  us  to  expect  some 
violent  convulsions  in  France.  I'he  api.thy  of  tlic; 
allies  tended  to,  corroborate  rumors  that  tiie  fo- 
reigners were  desirous  of  seehig  the  country  in 
commotion.  The  factions  rail  at  the  king  for  bring- 
ing the  allies  into,  Fr.mce — the  royalists  say  tli/e 
fictions  cause  their  stay.  'J'he  French  c:d:inet 
meets  d:uly.  A  treaty  Vvas  fomncd;  but  the  conduct 
of  the  factions  cause  the  allies  now  to  demand  new 
securities.  At  first  they  required  two  fortresses — • 
now  two  pro:  hices,  Alsace  and  Lorraine. 

Government  have  received  oilicial  ini;n'ination 
that  lionaparte  has  been  removed  to  the  Northinn- 
berland,  and  is  now  on  liis  way  to  his  destination. 
He  has  not  threatened  to  destroy  himself;  but  lias 
submitted  with  apparent  fortitude.  Wiiile  sh.ifiing- 
from  one  ship  to  another,  he  spoke  to  a'Jmu-;il,C^cl^- 
burn,  with  great  good,  liurnor. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGI&TER-FOREIGN  ARTICLES* 


Verliii;  July  15.  The  loss  of  the  Prussi  in  troojis 
in  the  battles  of  the  1st  and  2d  July,  under  the  -waUii 
of  Paris,  amounted  to  between  2  and  3000  men  in 
killed  and  wounded, 

Roman  Catholics.  A  London  paper  of  August  2, 
has  'he  following  nr'.iele: 

The  C.azelte  of  Kome  contains  the  following'  ar- 
ticle: '"'A  letter  from  M.  Oelikotte^  bishop  of  Ca- 
r.aria,  anno'onces,  that  tlie  Catholic  relig-ion  makes 
great  progi'ess  in  the  United  States  of  Ajnerica  and 
in  the  cropu'c  of  China.  Li  one  year  baptism  was 
adjBinistei-ed  to  10,134  childi-en  and  IfiJT  adults; 
r.nd  2,674  ia(lividu;us  were  preparing' themselves  to 
receive  it.     Tiie  number  of  christians   Li  Tonkin  ia 

60,'jyo." 

State  of  SjtaiTK 
A  late  letter  from  Gibraltar,  says — "Spain  is  in  a 
roost  horrible  state;  the  leg-itimate  Ferdinsind  is 
compietciy  iiifiuenced  by  tlie  priests  and  there  have 
been  several  .JIuto-dc-f;i-  latterly  at  ?-Tadrid.  I'he 
Spaini.irds  begin  to  speak  freely  on  the  acts  of  Uie 
g.overnment,  and  I  think  tliat  tliere  is  a  storm 
.feathering-,  v.liich  may  crush  t!i,e  king-  and  his 
monks." 

Lfr.idon,  Av^st  2 — Praseciction  of  tli^  Spanish  pa- 
triots if  Corunna. — Fresh  inteliij^ence  received  yes- 
terday fi'ora  Spain  furnislies  additional  accounts  of 
the  prosecutions  of  individuals  by  the  Spanish  g-ov- 
crnmcTit.  Calcro,  O'Gonnock  and  Pardo  were  all 
condemned  to  the  j^allies,  but  as  they  are  all  absent 
from  Spain,  ii  may  be  found  difiicait  to  carry  their 
sentences  inio  execudon.  Caiero  was  editor  of  a 
newspaper  at  Corurina,  and  Mas  charged  with  a 
Jibel  ag'ainst  the  g-qvernmont.  O'Connock  was  a 
strong  supporter  of  the  constitution,  and  was 
formerly  a  captain  in  the  Spanish  navy.  Pardo  is 
An  eccentric  friar  qf  un9ommQn  abilities;  he  was  a 
great  advocate  for  the  constitution,  and  had  long 
been  persecuted  by  the  pricstlmod. 

Tarica  is  a  merchant,  and  iiad  wi'itten  in  favor 
qf  the  constituticm — he  is  sentenced  to  the  galleys. 
~    Perabcles  spoke  in  favor  of  the  constitution, 

Mosqucro  is  a  gentleman  of  fortune — he  is  idned 
400  ducats,  and  posts, 

Feronda,  formerly  an  intendant  in  New  .Spain,  of 
jp-eat  talent,  is  sentenced  to  six  years  conhnejnent 
to  his  house,  at  Pampeluna,  is  prohibited  fi-om  using 
his  orders  and  titles,  and  is  obliged  to  pav  all  costs. 
These  gentlemen  were  charged,  as  censors  of  the 
Press,  witli  having  allovyed  the  publication  of 
newspapers  in  favor  of  the  constitution.  Of  .Messrs. 
S.amaniago,  Suave z  del  ViUar,  Vclonado  Pcsturia, 
and  Ribtra,  the  three  first  were  acquitted,  and  the 
two  last  sentenced  to  four  years  banishment  from 
Corunna. 

In  the  prosecutions  ag'ainst  tJie  municipality  of 
Corunna,  liahamonde  has  been  .fined  400  ducats,'  and 
feanislicd  for  four  years  from  Corunna. 

Sfc,las  and  MoUa  banished  4}  ears  from  Corruna  to 
pay  costs. 

Messrs,  Galcer.an,  Romen,  I'ola,  Escurdio  Cozale/.' 
Biez,  all  to  pay  400  ducats,  to  lose  office  and  to  pay 
cosis.     Mosquera  is   fined  200  chicals,  with   co.st's  1 
and  priv.ition  of  office.     Lopez  100  ducats  and  costs. 
Laragoriti  costs. 

In  the  cases  against  the  Merchants  their  fines  will 
fitaud  as,  fbllo'.vs 


Perez 

Eluipcma 

Villiegas 

"N'^aldes 

(iaroia 

(iarrea 


1,200 
800 

1,000 
300 
303 

2,000 


riCLES< 

73 

Abate 

l,00i 

T*rMro 

1,000 

Fuertes 

500 

Snnchc-/; 

500 

Ad.:;id 

i,ooe 

liiano 
Vega 
liscurdia 
Horn  en 


S  ~,ooo 

6,UU0 
5,000 
3,000 
2^003 


Yturundo 

P;;jana 

Bianco 

Puig 

Duton 


J5  300 
200 1 
200 ' 
1,500 

i,5yQ 


Aujrji.it  3 — Private  letters  of  a  rcctnt  date  from 
Bilboa  state  that  tlie  merchants  and  proprietors 
had  paid  one  tliird  of  the  contriljution  imposed  ob 
tliat  part  of  the  country  by  tlie  king  of  ^-pain,  but 
were  so  much  distressed  to  accomplish  it,  thatthev 
proposed  to  .sond  depr-tic."?  to  J.Iadrid,  to  solicit  k 
release  from,  the  payment  oPthe  ren»ainder  as  tottdiy 
impraclicHl)le.  Tlie  part  of  Kpain  is  covered  witU 
b:mds  of  rol»bcr3.  the  remains  of  the  Guerillas  and 
other  troops  employed  in  the  late  war. 

At  Cadiz  it  w;;s  understood  that  another  expe- 
dition v/a3  ordered  ag'al.is".  the  Revohitionis'-s  iu 
Spanish  America,  in  v.'hich  25,00vJ  troops  were  to  be 
employed;  an<l  thai  scvera'.  sliips  of  the  line  v;liich 
were  at  PiH't  MaJion,  were  to  convoy  the  e.vpcdition. 
The  .\lgennes  had  required  a  large  sum  of  money 
of  Spain,  threatening  hostilities  if  it  was  not  .soon 
p'lid.  (Tj- A  part  of  the  money  was  collecting  at 
Cadiz. 

Q^We  exult  in  the  hope  that  the  great  colonies 
on  the  Ame-ican  continent  are  losi  to  Spain.  If  the 
patriots  acts  ujwn  hberal  principles,  a'l  the  power  of 
the  "motlier  covmtry"  will  was  it  iisclf  only  to 
entahliah  their  independence.  We  have  the  following- 
account  of  ccrtaiii  resolutions  lately  entered  into 
by  the  congress  of  the  "united  provinces  of  Hi© 
del  Plata." 

1.  Declaring  all  blacks  free  as  soon  as  they  lanci 
in  the  provhices. 

2.  Declaring  all  Indians  frce^  and  Cjsemptin^.. 
them  from  triljute, 

3.  AI>olisiiing  the  Inquisition, 

4.  Abolisiiing  torture, 

5.  Abolishing  titles  of  nobility. 

6.  Declaring  that  preferments  shall  \fc  cnl* 
according  to  nicrit. 

7".  Allowing  the  exportation  of  gold  and  silver. 

8.  Eslablislang  a  registry  of  merchants.  None 
but  those  registered  can  be  consignees.  A  consig-noe 
shall  not  ch^u'ge  less  than  four  per  cent,  on  sales  and 
two  on  piu-chases,  on  penalty  of  being  sti'uck 
from  tiie  registry. 

9.  Allowing  foreigners  to  search  for  ores  anS 
mines — to  claim  such  as  they  may  discover — to  buy 
or  lease  mines,  mills,  &c.  tlie  same  as  n.ativc  citi- 
zens— to  enjoy  their  own  religion.  Quicksilver  ii 
declared  fraa. 

The    bishop  of  Saltris  has   been  imprisoned  for- 
using  his  clerical  influence  against  the  revolutionist;-;. 
7^/«T  division  of  France  into  jidiitarij  ffovernmeiits  bfj 
the  allies. 

P.UII.S,  JULY  25.. 

OFFICIAL  Non:. 

Tlic  ministers  have  taken  into  mature  considera- 
tion the  overtures  v.hich  the  ministers  of  the  king- 
have  transmitted  to  them,  by  his  excellency  baron 
Louis,  with  a  view  to  reg-ulate  tiie  conduct  of  the 
administration  in  the  countries  occupied  by  the  al- 
lied armies.  They  r^re  too  deeply  sensible  of  tiir 
necessity  of  adopting  ;he  niost  (irgeiit  and  the 
most  efficacious  measures  on  tlii:s  subject,  not  tj 
enter  heartily  into  the  views  whicli  have  dictated 
tho.se  propositions.  They  arc,  therefore,  of  opinion 
that  the  following  arrangements  which  have  been 
determined  ujion,  will  be  best  calculated  to  recon- 
cile the  wishes  of  tiie  king,  with  the  situation  in 
which  tiie  allied  armies  will  be  placed  dui'ing  their 
stay  in  France: 

i.  To  prevent  the  luoycflieuts  resulting  from  the 


74    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  SO,  1815. 


uncertainty  in  which  the  allied  armies  still  are  res- 
pecting' their  cantor.inents,  a  line  of  demarcation 
shall  determine  the  departments  which  shall  be 
occupied  by  them,  imd  be  especially  assigned  for 
their  subsistence. 

2.  These  departments  .<;hall  be  divided  amortg- 
the  different  armies  in  such  a  manner,  that  each  of 
them  shall  have  a  district,  and  consequently  that 
in  e;ich  department  tliere  sliall  be  no  troops  but 
what  belong:  to  one  and  the  same  army. 

3.  Nevertheless,  in  tlic  different  districts,  and  in 
s^encral  in  all  the  departments  occupied  by  the  al- 
lies, one  uniform  system  shall  be  pursued  in  all 
matters  v,-liich  concern  the  administration  and  re- 
late to  the  wants  of  the  annies. 

4.  The  authorities  of  the  king- shall  be  immedi- 
ately restored  in  the  departments,  and  the  prefects 
and  sub-prefects  rcin.stated  in  the  exercise  of  their 
fanctlons. 

5.  In  order  to  protect  tliese  authorities,  and  to 
provide  M-ith  certainty  that,  on  the  one  hand,  what- 
ever relates  to  the  service  and  the  wants  of  the  al- 
lied armies,  shall  be  punctually  executed,  and  that, 
on  the  other,  those  armies  ol>serve  the  strictest  or- 
der, mi.itpjv  governors  sliall  be  appointed  for  tjie 
dqjiu-tmcnts'  forming'  the  district  of  each  army;  but 
it  shall  be  only  in  regard  to  the  service  and  secu- 
rity of  these  armies,"  that  the  prefects  and  other 
public  functionaries,  shall  receive  the  directions 
of  the  militarv  governors  of  the  allied  powers. 

6.  These  objects  shall  be  still  more  particularly 
determined;  but  the  maintalnance  of  the  diflerent 
tu-mics  shall  t:.kc  place  on  principles  which  shall  be 
uniformly  adopted. 

7.  An  "administrative  commissloji  has  been  estab- 
lished at  P.tris,  and  shall,  as  soon  as  possible,  com- 
municate vrith  the  commission  .appijinted  by  the 
king. 

8.  Orders  have  been  given  that  the  contributions 
in  money  whicli  have  been  imposed  upoji  several 
towns  aiid  departments  shall  not  be  farther  enforc- 
ed, .-".nd  that  m  future  no  contribution  of  this  kind 
shall  be  dr-manded  by  the  single  orders  of  the  In- 
tendants  of  the  different  armies. 

As  tlicse  arrangements  go  so  far  as  the  allies  arc 
permitted  for  the  moment,  by  a  due  concern  for 
their  own  armies,  and  their  military  situation,  the 
undersigned  flatter  themselves,  that  the  king's  min- 
isters will  perceive  in  them,  the  sincere  desire 
which  they  feel  to»  contribute  to  the  re-establish- 
ment of  the  royal  authority,  aiul  to  the  alleviation 
of  the  charges  'of  tlic  war,"  as  far  as  circumstances 
allov*-  them  tlic  possibility. 

They  have  the  honor  to  assiu-c  prince  Tallep-and 
of  their  high  con.<-.idcratlon. 

(Signed^  IMETTERNICH, 

CASTLEKEAGH. 
NESSELUODE, 
IlAllDENBEltG. 
'i'o  hi.-i  rcrcfie  highness  prince  Talleyrand,  &c. 
CIRCULAK- 

War  Office,  July  31,  1815. 
Sin — The  prir.ce  regent  having  taken  into  ins 
most  gracious  consideration  the  distinguished  gal- 
lantry "manifested  upon  all  occasions  l)y  the  ofncers 
<jf  the  British  army,  and  hr.ving  more  particularly 
adverted  to  the  'conspicuous  valor  displayed  by 
chcm  in  the  late  glorious  victory  gained  near  Wa- 
terloo, Ijy  the  army  under  Hie  field  marshal  the 
duke  of 'Wellington:  and  his  royal  liighness  being 
desirous  of  tcsti'tying  tlie  strong  sense  entertained 
by  him  of  their  "devotion  to  his  majesty's  service, 
I  have  the  honor  to  acquaint  you,  iliat  his  roval 
highness  has  been  pleased  to  ord.cr.- 


First, — That  the  rcgul.ation  under  which  pen- 
sions are  granted  to  wounded  officers  shall  be  re- 
vised, and  that  the  pensions  which  have  been,  or  may- 
be granted  to  oiHcers,  for  the  actual  loss  of  eve  or 
limb,  or  for  wounds  certified  to  be  equally  hijiiriou'i 
with  the  loss  of  limb,  shall  not  be  confined  to  the 
amount  attached  by  the  scale  to  the  rank  which 
the  officer  held  at  tiie  time  when  he  was  wounded, 
but  siiall  progressively  increase,  according  to  the 
rank  to  which  such  officer  may,  ifrom  time  to  time, 
be  promoted;  the  augmentation  with  regard  to  the 
pensions  of  such  officers,  now  upon  th.e  list,  being 
to  take  date  from  the  18th  of  June,  1815,  inclusive. 

Secondly, — That  every  sulsaltern  officer  of  infan- 
try  of  til e  line,  who  sej-ved  in  the  battle  of  Water- 
loo, or  in  any  of  the  actions  which  immediately 
preceded  it,  shall  be  allowed  to  count  two  vears 
service  in  virtue  of  that  victory,  in  reckoning  his 
service  for  increase  of  pay  given  to  lieutenants  of  sc-» 
ven  years  standing;  and  every  such  subaltern  will 
therefore  be  entitled  to  the'  addition.al  shilling  a 
day,  whenever  he  shall  have  served  five  years  as  a 
lieutenant. 

And,  Thirdly.  That  this  regulation  shall  be  ex- 
tended to  every  subaltern  of  cavalry,  and  to  every 
ensign  of  the  foot  guard,  who  served  in  the  abo^'c 
mentioned  actions;  and  every  subaltern  and  ensign 
will  therefore  be  entitled  to  an  additional  shilling 
a  day,  after  five  years  service  as  a  lieutenaot  in  the 
cavalry,  or  as  an  ensign  in  the  guards. 

TTi.s  royal  highness  being  also  desirous  of  mark- 
ing his  sense  of  the  distinguished  bravery  display- 
ed by  the  non-cpinjnissioned  officers  and  soldiers 
of  the  British  forces  in  the  victory  of  A\'atcrlGO. 
has  been  most  graciotisly  pleased  to  order,  that 
henpcforwaixi  every  non-conHnisioned  officer,  trum- 
peter, drummer,  and  private  man,  who  servad 
in  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  or  in  anv  of  the  actions'" 
whir-h  immediately  preceded  it,  shall  be  borne  on 
the  muster  rolls  and  ]J.iy  lists  of  their  respective 
corjis  as  "Waterloo  men;"  and  that  every  "Wa- 
terloo man,"  shall  be  allowed  to  count  tv/o  years' 
service  in  virtue  of  that  victory,  in  reckoning  hi? 
services  for  increase  of  pay,  or  for  pension  when 
discharged. 

It  is,  however,  to  be  distinctly  understood,  tha* 
this  indulgence  is  not  intended  in  .any  other  man- 
ner to  affect  the  conditions  of  their  original  enlist- 
ment, or  to  give  them  any  right  to  their  discharge 
before  the  expiration  of  tlie  period  for  which  thty 
have  engaged  to  serve. 

The  duke  of  Wellington  has  been  requested  to 
transmit  returns  of  the  subalta'n  officers  to  whom 
these  orders  m;iy  be  considered  bj'  his  grace  to  .ap« 
])ly;  together  with  accurate  muster  rolls  containing 
the  names  of  all  the  "Waterloo  men"  in  each  corps; 
such  muster  rolls  being  to  be  preserved  in  this 
office  as  a  record  honorable  to  the  individuals  tliem- 
selves,  and  as  documents  by  which  they  vfill  at 
any  future  time,  be  enabled  to  establish  their  claims 
to  tlie  benefits  of  tiiJs  regulation. 

I  have' great  pleasure  in  communicating  these 
instances  of  the  prince  regent's  gracious  considera- 
tion for  the  arm}-;  and  I  request  that  you  will  be 
pleased  to  take  the  earliest  opportunit}- of  announc- 
ing the  same  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  corps 
under  yoiu-  command. 

I  have  the  honor  to"  be,  §ir,  your  mpst  obedient 
humble  servant. 

(Signed)  PALMEUSTQN, 

Officer  commanding  regi- 

mcnt  of . 


NILBS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


75 


CHRONICLE 


On  tlie  7tli,  280  troops  of  the  new  2d,  embarked 
at  Erie  for  Detroit.     During-  tlie  emlmrkation,  6  sol- 


ing'.    Th'e  general  is  on  his  way  to  the  eastward ; 
he  left  Detroit  on  the  2d  instant. 

Theschr  Diligence,  captain  Barney,  arrived  here 
en  Saturday  last,  in  five  days  from  Mackinaw  and 
three  days'  from  Detroit.  Captain  B.  states  that 
Teneral  Harrison,  general  M'Arthurand  major  Cra- 
?iam  the  commissioners  appointed  to  treat  with  the 
IncUans,  had  been  holdin;,-  a  council  with  them  tor 
some  time.  There  is  no  doubt  but  a  treaty  would 
be  concluded,  as  the  Indians  manifested  a  strong  de- 
sire to  be  at  peace  with  tlic  Americans. 

To  the  editor  of  the  Pittsburg  .Uemn'i/.— Detiioit, 
Sept.  2— On  the  28th  the  commissioners  met  agree- 
ably to  adiournment,  but  the  nations  expected^not 
having  arrived,  tlie  council  adjourned  to  the  31st. 
On  th:it  dav,  commissioners  met  agreeably  to  ad- 
iom-nmcnt. '  There  were  presents— the  Wyandovts, 
Chippewas,  Ottowas,  Pottawatimies,  Shawanees, 
:5elawares,  Miamies  and  Senecas,  as  also  the  Sha- 
tvanee  Prophet,  and  several  other  chiefs  and  warn- 
ors  of  the  Sacks  and  Winebagoes,  just  from  •'Ual^ 

The  tomahawk  was  this  day  buried  between  the 
United  States  and  the  above  nations,  chiefs  and 
XParriors,  with  considerable  ceremony,  and  appa- 
rent siiiceritv,  and  there  is  every  reason  to  believe 
that  the  object  of  the  treaty  will  be  shortly  accom- 
plished, oi   ♦     f 

Nothinir  material  transpired  between  the  olst  ot 

Council  adjourn- 


Augvist  and  the  2d  of  September 
ed  ip  meet  on  the  4th  instant. 

Late  from  DETaoiT,  Buffalo,  September  12.— We 
announce  to  the  public  tlie  safe  arrival  of  major- 
general  Brown  and  suite,  on  Saturday  morning  last, 
in  the  brig  Nuigara,  in  8  days  from  Detroit.  A  na- 
tional 'salute  was  fired  from  the  Niagara,  on  landing 
of  the  general. 

By  tiiis  arrival,  we  learn,  that  the  affairs  of  the 
<«V'est  assume  a  very  pacific  aspect.  The  north- 
western Indians,  among  wiiom  appeared  the  cele- 
brated prophet,  brother  of  Tecumseh,  have  assem- 
bled  at  Detroit,  and  have  met  our  commissioners, 
generals  Harrison  and  M' Arthur,  and  Mr.  Graham, 
with  a  sincere  desire  of  planting  the  tomahawk;  and 
we  have  every  reason  to  believe,  that  ere  this,  an 
advantageous  treaty  of  peage  lias  been  signed,— 
Wc  hwi  this  event,  in  connection  with  a  commer- 
cial arrangement  with  Great  Britain,  as  a  happy 
omen  for  the  future  growth  and  prosperity  of  the 
western  countrv.  At  peace  with  the  natives,  the 
hai-dy  sons  of  the  cast  will  prostrate  the  towering 
forcs'ts,  lirid  make  the  wilderness  of  the  west  <blos 
som  as  the  rose.' 

The  pacification  with  the  indlans,  will  be  very 
advantageous  to  O'.u-  western  merchants  and  traders, 
as  tlie  furs  and  peltries  of  th(?  extensive  country 
above  Detroit,  will  be  principally  brought  in  and 
bartered  at  that  market;  which  will  certainly  en- 
hance tlicir  business,  in  being  enabled  to  make  a 
handsome  profit  on  the  return  cargoes. 

Detroit  is  now  garrisoned  by  12  or  1.100  men, 
under  the  command  of  general  Miller.  (Jeneral 
Macomb  is  shortly  expected  at  Detroit,  v.lien  he 
will   assume  command. 

Mackinaw  is  represented  as  one  of  the  strongest 
places  in  the  western  country;  and  is  now  garri- 
.son€dby400  troops,  under  colonel  Chambers. 

The  troops  are  represented  to  b'^  in  a  fiiie  state 
Qf  bc^th  *n<i  discipline. 


ToHx  GiJ.iHATW,    Esq.  one 

appointed  to  treat  with  tlie 
Northern  Indiairs,  arrived  in  this  city  on  Tuesday, 
with  a  treaty  signed  at  Spring  Wells,  on  the  8th 
inst.  by  the  commissioners  and  the  chiefs  of  all  tlie 
tribes  witli  which  they  were  authorized  to  treat. 
The  treaty  is  entirel}-  satisf^ictory,  we  learn,  and 
stipulates  for  the  faithful  performance  of  all  pre- 
vious treaties. 

Charleston,  fS.  C.J  Sept.  18 — Prices  current— =U.* 
S.  6  per  cent,  par — treasur}-  notes,  par.  E.xcliange 
on  London,  par.  Dollars,  7  per  cent.  prem.  Phila- 
delphia and  BaltinuDre  notes,  2  per  cent,  dis. 

Boston,  Sept.  20. — U.  S.  6  per  cent.  86  per  c-nt. 
Treasury  notes,  11  per  cent.  dis.  New-York  bank 
notes,  llA  do.  Philadelphia  do.  16  do.  Baltimore 
do.  17  a  18  do.     Bills  on  London,  1^  per  cent.  dis. 

London,  ^^u^^i.:^t  11.  Lord  Bvrgrterst  has  been  ap- 
pointed minister  to  the  Uiiitf^  States  and  was  to 
sail  for  New-York  in  the  frigate  JMucedonian  [proba- 
bly Lacedemonian.] 

The  Spanish  dollar  i,s  now  five  .shillings  and  five 
pence. 

Baltimore.  As  notified,  the  military  and  citizen.5 
of  Baltimore,  a  great  multitude,  assembled  on  the 
12th  inst.  to  lay  the  corner  stone  of  a  monument 
sacred  to  the  memory  of  the  brave  men  vi^ho  fell  in 
defence  of  this  city  on  tiie  12th  and  13th  of  Sep- 
tember last.  We  have  neglected  before  to  noilce 
the  proceeding',  because  we  expected  an  account 
of  it  from  the  committee  which  su]3erintcnded  it... 
As  that  has  not  appeared,  we  may  just  say  that  it 
was  done  with  great  pomp  and  solemnity, 

Plaitsbiirg.  The  anniversary  of  the  glorious  triv 
umpl.s  of  the  navy  and  army  at  this  place,  have  been 
celebrated  there  with  great  merriment  and  glee. — 
A  notice  of  the  proceeding*  hereafter. 

Algiers.  The  treaty  made  by  com.  Decatur  wiili 
Algiers,  has  been  announced  in  France,  it  was  said 
oflicially.  The  terms  of  it  were  said  to  be,  that  on 
oiu-  part  we  give  up  the  ships  of  war  captured,  with 
all  prisoners;  and  tliat  Algiers  r.  linquishes_  all 
claim  for  tribute,  gives  up  all  captiu-ed  American 
\'essels  and  prisoners,  and  engages  to  indemnify  u£ 
firthe  expense  of  the  expedition  against  her. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  Gibraltar,  dated  the  Ist  .1u- 
giist,  received  in  J^'e-.u  York,  by  the  Flying-Fiah,  via 
JVorfolh. 

"Our  .9ai(fi/ squadron  is  before  Tripoli,  demand- 
ing satisfaction  for  some  aggression  committed  on 
some  of  our  ijeojjle  there;  and  unless  atonement  is 
m^de,  Decatur  is  determined  to  punish  her.  The 
\lgerines  are  peaceable  since  the  tlirashing  they 


"•ot  from  Decatur.'- 
o 

Professor  Zimmcrm.an,  the  author  of  the  work  on 
Solitude,  died  lately  at  Brunswick,  (Gcruiany)  in 
the  73d  year  of  his  age. 

Great  .lale  of  p-ublic  lends.  According  to  an  ofh-> 
cial  advertisement  in  the  western  pajsers,  (observes 
the  National  Intelligencer)  it  appears  that  all  tl:e 
public  lands,  (to  wliicii  the  Indian  title  is  extin- 
f,-uishcd)  in  that  part  of  the  Mississippi  territory 
which  lies  west  of  Pearl  River,  are  to  be  exposed 
to  public  sale  at  Washington,  in  t!ie  Mi.ssissippi 
Territory,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  next  montli. 
This  sale,  whlcii  probably  will  continue  many  days^ 
affords  an  opportimity  no't  to  be  neglected  by  those 
who  are  desirous  to  hold  lands  in  that  country. 

Of  the  navy.  It  is  a  curious  remark  that  of  the 
vineli-cn  vessels  th."t  Vi'er.t  to  Algiers,  to  settle  tli' 


76     Js'ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  SEPTEIMBER  SO,  181,3. 


affair  of  tribute  wilh  the  dey,  only  tttio  we:e  ;)viil'., 
CT  belonged  to  the  Uniied  SUites  bef  >re  the  u-ar.  _ 

Connecticut  election.  Tlie  strengtli  of  parties  in 
this  state,  as  represented  in  assembly,  is  somewhat 
chang-ed,  but  still  there  is  a  larg-e  federal  m  ^jorlty. 
New  London  county  sends  13  republicansand  7  fe- 
deralists, and  1  neuter  member.  Siomngton,  "fi- 
jnous  in  story,"  elected  republicans  by  100  of  a 
Jnajo^itJ^ 

Vermont  election.  EA'cry  branc'f  of  the  govern- 
ment is  republican — the  m:\iority  in  the  house  of  re- 
prcsentatives  is  14  to  20.  'ilie  nett  republican  gain 
is  from  1 4  to  1500  votes. 

Manjland  election.  The  election  in  this  state 
takes  place  on  Monday  next.  Both  parties  are 
»an  guine. 

Jo'isph  M-M:vn  is  elected  governor  of  the  state 
of  Tennessee,  in  the  room  of  Willie  r.lount,  whos 
<;onstitutional  period  of  cligil>llty  had  expired. 

A  dreadful  gale  has  been  felt  at  Boston  and  its 
■vicinity,  doing  great  damage  on  the  land  and  water. 
Trees  eight  or  ten  feet  in  girth  were  cast  down, 
many  houses  seriously  injured,  and  many  vessels 
sunk  at  the  wharves"  or  "otherwise  seriously  da- 
maged. 

Library  of  the  United  States.— A  c  Ann— Congress 
having  supplied  the  loss  occasioned  by  the  rude  and 
conflagr-^ting  hand  of  our  late  enemj",  by  the  pur- 
-ehase  of  a  library,  perhaps  equal  in  value,  as  far 
as  it  extends,  to  anv  in  pAirope  ;  and  intending,  as 
•tliev  no  doubt  do,  to  make  it  the  great  nationalre- 
positoi-v  of  literature  and  science,  and  in  some  Jji- 
stances  of  tlie  arts  also,  it  is  desirable,  that  Ame- 
rican authors,  engravers  :md  painters  who  are  soli- 
citous to  preserve  their  respective  productions  as 
■taeinentos  of  the  tast&of  the  times,  would  transmh 
to  the  library  a  copy  of  such  work  as  they  may  de- 
t-ign  for  the  public  "eve— this  will  serve  not  only  as 
-n  literary  history  of  this  now  interesting  country, 
but  wiU'also  tend  to  exhibit  the  progress  aiul  in- 
proverr.cnt  of  the  arts.  The  librarian,  as  far  as  his 
power  and  means  expend,  w'^l  ^'^^^  ^^^'^  ^"'^'^  ^'J'^* 
such  productions,  liter.ary  qI"  graphic,  as  may  be 
jDrwarded  to  him,  .sh.dl  be  pr"pei'Lv  preserved  ana 
*dvantageouslv  exhibited. 

G>;oHr,7.  Wattf.i.sox, 
Librarian  "/  Cwgrc^s. 


2krEXIC\X  NEWS. 

Natchez,  ArausT  16.  By  a  letter  received  in  this 
f,ity  from  a  gentleman  at  X  itchitochcs,  certain  in- 
telligence is  obtiiiicd  of  the  successful  operations 
of  the  Mexican  patriots,  throughout  the  whole  of 
fUe  provinces  of  that  extensive  country.  It  is  too 
long  to  give  at  l;a-ge— the  following  is  extracted 
therefi'on"j: 

"A  republican  officer  lately  arrived  here  throiiph 
the  internal  provinces;  he  lef-  Mont  el  Rey  the  29th 
«f  June  last,  but  had  been  a  considerable  time  from 
tlie  seat  of  congress.  The  republic  ms  a'-e  agajn 
in  possession  of  Guananuato,  since  the  3d  April, 
with  almo.st  all  the  country  north  of  Mexico,  as  f.ir 
as  Sattillo,  Durango,  and  San  Louis  Potosi;  all  the 
coast  on  the  Pacific  ocean  and  idi  .rent  country. 

"They  have  established  a  regular  form  of  go- 
vernment, and  have  large  funds;  nearly  all  the 
riches  of  t!iis  immensely  rich  country  are  in  their 
possession,  and  are  prot^ressing  fast  towards  efTect- 
ing"  their  en. ire  independence. 

"Arredondo  was  still  in  possession  of  Mont  el 
Tley,  but  the  country  near  that  was  much  harrassed 
by  Pachon,  who  had  '"ely  intercepted  and  tuken  a 
party  vvlth  200,000  sheep;  which  the  marquis  Ague- 
ra  was  drivin^'  from  liis  stock  in  the  intemi^l  pro- 


vinces to  -Mexico,  for  the  support  of  that  city,  xaC, 
dcr  an  escort  of  700  of  Arredondo's  best  troc,ps, 
who  were  all  taken  or  killed. 

A.t  INIont  el  Rey  there  were  about  700  troops  (of 
tl.e  Royalists)  nearly  naked,  and  at  S.on  Antonio  the 
sanic  number,  impatient  of  some  ch.ange  from  their 
misery.  This  is  the  whole  force  of  the  four  eastern 
provinces,  (Arredondo's  command);  that  of  the  wes- 
tern does  not  exceed  2,000  scattered  from  SanU 
Fee  to  the  Durango,  where  the  commandant,  gene- 
.•al  Bonavia,  has  his  heitd-quarters.  Salcedo  is  in 
Mexico. 

"This  constitutes  the  whole  force  north  of  Mexi- 
co, that  the  (roya))  government  party  can  muster, 
exclusive  of  the  inhabitants,  few  of  whom  thev  can 
furnish  with  arms. 

•'An  official  packet  had  been  mterceptcd  by  Pa. 
clion,  from  Ari'edondo  to  the  viceroy,  stating  that 
without  a  reinforcement  of  troops,  "of  money  and 
arms,  he  would  be  compelled  to  abandon  Ins  posi- 
tion— he  had  begun  forn;ing  of  two  companies,  but 
c.uld  not  equip  them.  The  repubUc.ins  have  two 
divisions  of  troops  near  the  city  of  .Mexico,  in  or- 
der to  iiiLcrcept  communications  with  the  coimtiy 
and  cut  off  their  resoiu-ccs.  Tlie  desertions  froi^i 
that  city  have  been  verj'  considerable." 

JVatcIiez  LitelUgencer. 

Qnahi'rs.  We  6nd  from  tliree  registers  of  the  so- 
ciety of  Friends,  that  as  a  consequence  of  their  cxr 
emplary^  temperance  and  steady  conduct,  half  of 
tlieir  children  live  to  7  years  of  age;  wliereas  doc- 
tor Price  tell  J  us,  diat  of  tlie  general  popid.ation  of 
London,  half  the  bom  live  only  2^  years,  and  also, 
thai  among  the  Friends,  1  in  'lO  arrive  at  30  yeso-s 
of  age^  hut  of  the  genei-al  population  of  London, 
only  1  in  40.  Never  did  a  more  powerful  argumenjt 
support  tUe  practice  of  \ iv inc. -rji elf ast  Chronicle.' 

Died  at  Ripping:ae,  Eng.  aged  16,  Ann  Hardi/, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  S.arah  Hardy,  of  that  place, 
Tiiis  young  woman  had  attained  the  cxtraordmaTy 
iieiglit  of  «,°Tr«  ./^dit  t-ivo  inches!  and  had  attracted 
mucJi  atten'ion  at  Lincolnshire,  having  for  a  consi- 
derable time,  been  publicly  exhibited  at  fairs,  &c. 
as  a  phenomenon.  Her  parents  ai'c  persons  of  only 
middiing  stature. 

Steam  ships!  A  project  is  on  foot,  at  New  York, 
to  build  a  vessel  of  350  tons,  to  be  propelled  by 
svcam,  to  serve  as  a  packet  between  tliat  city  and 
Ciiarleston,  S.  C.  in  which  it  is  estimated  tlie  pas?, 
sage  will  be  made  in  fotir  days!  Those  whose  opin-' 
ions  are  entitled  to  the  fuUe'st  confidence,  decided- 
ly believe  that  the  voyage  may  be  made  with  at 
lc;ist  as  much  safety  as  in  any  other  vessel. 

"LegitinMtes!" The  National  Advocate    says, 

there  is  now  confined  in  the  state  prison  of  NewYork, 
"a  grand  daughter  of  George  HI.;  a  niece  of  thg 
prince  regent,  a  daughter  of  his  brother  Edward, 
duke  of  Kent,"  who,  it  appcai-s,  "has  all  the  virv 
tues  of  her  ancestry." 

Carlisle,  .Ji/gtist  30.  The  regiment  of  riflcmeQ 
who  had  been  at  the  garrison  at  this  place  for  some 
time,  marched  from  it  on  Monday  last,  under  the 
com.m.and  of  colonel  W.  S.  Hamilton,  we  un<lerstand 
for  Pr.iirie  de  Chien.  'I'o  the  number  of  men  wc 
have  seldom  witJiessed  better  looking  as  to  hc;dth 
and  dress,  and  in  eveiy  respect  martial. 

Lundun,  .iii^usl  6. — British  price  of  stocks.     Red. 
Ann.  56}.  Consols,  de.;  Omnium  7}. 
■^i'The    price  of  gi-ain  has  considesably   fallen    i^ 
England. 

The  West-Indies  appear  to  be  overstocked  withi 
;vU  kinds  of  Amej-ican  prodiice^ 


I^ILES'  WEEKLV  RECHSTER-^STEAM  ENGINES. 


77 


the  emlgra{k>ns  to  the  west  from  the  east  conti- 1 
sue  astonishingly  numerous.  The  next  census  will  1 
present  us  with'some  extraordinary  facts. 

"L.v>fD- water"  sfOVT.—Loncmi,  July  18.— A  greiit 
misfortune  befel  tlie  town  of  Langenseibza  on  the 
10th  ult.  A  land-water-spout  falling  about  nine  P. 
M.  after  several  tempests,  caused  such  an  man- 
dation  in  the  town  and  suburb.s,  that  tlie  water 
rose  to  the  height  of  several  ells.  Many  houses 
ftUin,  and  buried  the  families  who  inhabited  them 
under  their  ruins.— The  cattle  were  carried  away 
Out  of  their  houses  and  drowned.  About  300 
houses  ai-e  so  damaged,  that  they  arc  in  danger  of 
falling,  and  1000  acres  of  land  are  covered  witli 
inad  to  a  gi-eut  depth.  A  similar  mibfortune  -lap- 
pened  near  Prague  on  the  13tli. 


Indian  Prophet. 

Onondaga,  August  23.— Died,  at  Onondaga  Cas- 
^^e,  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  Alleganies,  well  known 
through  this  country  as  the  Iiidian  Prophet. 

Those  who  have  been  acquainted  with  the  influ- 
^ce  whicli  this  man's  preaching  has  had  upon  the 
conduct  of  the  six  nations,  (the  Oncldas  excepted} 
Otinnot  but  look  upon  liis  death  as  a  severe  dispen-  j 
Ration  of  Divine  Providence.  M^e  think  that  a  sliort 
biographidal  sketch  of  this  exti-aordinary  man  cun- 
jiotbe  un.acceptable  to  the  public. 

During  the  first  fifty  years  of  his  life  he  was  re- 
markable only  for  his  stupidity  and  beastly  drimk- 
•nncss.— About  thirteen  ye;u-s  ago,  whLe  ligliting 
his  pipe,  he  suddenly  fell  back  upon  his  bunk,  up- 
on v.'hich  hc.v/as  then  sitting,    and  continued  in  a 
state  of  insensibility   for  six  or    eight   hours;  his 
fimily  supposed  liini  dead,  had  made  prep;u-ations 
for  laying  him  out,  and  while  in  the  act  of  remov- 
ing him  from  his  bunk,  he  revived.     His  first  words 
were  "don't  be  alarmed,   I  have  seen  heaven;  call 
the  nation  together  that  I  may  tell  thera  what  I 
have  seen  and  heard."     Tlie  nation  having  assem- 
■fcled  at  his   house  he  informed  them  that   he  had 
seen  four  beautluil  young  men  wlio  had  been  sent 
ftom  heaven  by  the  (Jreat  Spirit,  and  who  thus  ad- 
dressed him:— "The  Great  Spirit  is  angry  with  you, 
and  all  the  red  men,  and  unless  you  refrain  from 
drunkenness,    lying,   stealing,  &.c.  you  shall  never 
enter  that  bcatiful  place  which  we  will  now  show 
you."     He  sUited  that  he  was    then  conducted  by 
these  young  men  to  the  gate  of  heaven,  which  w;as 
opened,  but  he  was  not  allowed  to  enter;  that  it  was 
Vnore  beautiful  than  any  tiling  they  could  conceive  of 
or  he  describe;  and  tJiat  the   inhabitants  appeared 
to  be  perfectly  happy;  that  he  was  suiFered  to  re- 
main there  three  or    four  hours  and  was  then  re- 
tonducted  by  the  same  young  men,  who,  on  taking 
.their  leave,   promised  they  would  visit  him  early, 
and    commanded  him  to   infoi-m  all  other  Indians 
\vhat  he  had  seen  and  lieard.     He  immediately  vi- 
sited the  different  tribes  of  Indians  m  the  western 
part  of  the  states,  the  Oneldas  excepted.     They  ali 
Jjut  the  most  implicit   faitli   iu  wiiat  he  told  them, 
and  revered  him  as   a  prophet. — The  consquence 
Jias  been,  that  from  a    filthy,  lazy,   drunken  set  of 
feeings,  they   have  become  a  cleanly,   industrious, 
sober  and  happy  people.     Tiie  propliet  lias  conti- 
nued, as  he  says,  to  receive  regular  annual  visits 
from  these  heavenly  messengers,  immediately  af.er 
which,  he,  in  his  turn,  vi.^ited  the  difieicnt  tribes. 
lie  was  on  one  of  these  annual  visiis  at  tlie  time  of 
his  decease. 

.^  It  will  be  proper  to  observe,  that  he  was  c.".lled 
the  peace  prophet,  in  contra-distinction  to  the  b:-o- 


Kentucky  Mummy. 

A  JVVw-rorA- paper  says — There  is  now  in  this  city  a 
remarkable  human  mummy;  it  is  thus  described  in 
a  letter  from  the  Honorable  Samuel  L.  Mitchell^ 
to  the  Secifetary  of  tlic  American  Antiquarian 
Society. 

"  It  is  a  human  body  found  in  one  of  the  lime 
stone  caverns  of  Kentucky. — It  is  a  perfect  exsic- 
cation; all  the  fluids  are  dried  up.     The  skin,  bones^ 
and  other  firm  parts  are  in  a  state  of  entire  preserva'- 
tion.      In    exploring  a  calearous  chamber   in  the 
neighborhood  of  Glasgow,  it  was  found  enwrapped 
carefully  in  skins  and  cloths.     The  outer  envelope 
of  the  body  is  a  deer  skin;  the  next  covering  is  a 
deer  skin  Avhose  hair  had  been  cut  away  by  a  sharp 
instrument;  the  next  wrapper  is  of  oioLh,  made  of 
Uvine,  doubled  and  twisted,  but  tha  thread  does, 
not  appear  to  have  been  formed  by  the  wheel,  nor 
the  web  by  the  loom.     The  warp  and  filling  seem 
to  have  been  crossed  and  knotted  by  an  operation 
like  that  of  the  fabrics  of  the  North  West  Coast,^ 
and   of  tiie    Sandwich   Islands.       The    innermost 
tegument  is  a  mantle  of  cloth  like  the  preceding, 
but  furnished  with  lai-ge  browni  feathers,  arranged 
and  fastened  with  great  ai-t,  so  as  to  be  capable  of 
gura-ding   the  living  wearer  from  wet  and   cold. 
The  pluma^jc  is  distinct  and  entire.     The  body  is 
in  a  squatting  posture,  with  the  rig^ht  arm  reaching 
forward  aud  its  hand  encircling*  the  right  leg.     The 
left  arm  hangs  down  with  its  hand  inclined  partljr 
under  the  seat.     The  individual,  v/ho  was  a  malan, 
did  not  probably  exceed  the  age  of  fourteen  at  his 
death.     There  is  a  deep  and  extensive  fracture  of 
the  scull  near  the  occupita  which  probably  killed 
him.     The  skin  has  sustained  little  hijurv;  it  is  of  ji 
dusky  color,  but  the  natural  hue  cannot  be  decided 
witli  exactness  from  its  present  appearance.     The 
scalp,  with  small  exceptions,  is  covered  with  sorrel 
or  fox  hair.     The  teeth  are  white  and  sound.     The 
hands  and  feet  in  tlieir  shrivelled  state  aro  slcndet 
and  delicate." 


The  Steam  Engine. 

Ftwn  the  Louin'ille  CA'i'.J  Courier.  There  tifr. 
a  few  facts,  which  ought  to  he  made  known,  witii 
regard  to  stkam  kskinf.s,  by  every  one  who  may 
have  any  inclination  to  employ  this  noble  piece 
of  machinery.  This  knowledge  is  necessary  te 
enable  him  to  make  a  safe  contract  with  an  engi- 
neer, a;id  to  avoid  imposition:  it  will  also  enable 
those  v/ho  have  engines,    to  judge  of  thier    m?- 

rit. A  good  engineer  will  never  hesitate  to  bind 

himself  to  make  liis  engine  perform  at  least  a  niode^  ^ 
rate  proportion  of  work  iu   jiroportion  to    the  fuel 
expended,  if  he  receives  a  good  price.     A'l  eng  ine 
is  only  good  or  b.ad,  in  proportion  vo  the  work  done 
bv  a  given  portion  of  fuel. 

"  Eng-lnes  were  first  substitutet^  instead  of  horser, 
for  raising  water,  driving- maciiinery,  &c.  Hence  it 
became  common  to  s.ay,  that  an  engine  is  equal  t» 
10,  20  or  iij  horses,  according  to  tlie  work  it  wa^ 
able  to  perform.  James  Watt,  the  first  and  most 
celebrated  improver  of  tsic  steam  engine,  being  a* 
honest  and  upi-ight  man,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
profound  philosopliers  and  matliematicians  of  the 
age,  set  the  power  of  a  horse  at  32,000  lbs.  raised 
o:ie  foot  liigh  in  a  minute.  Tiiis  is  a  power  that 
few  horses  are  uble  to  produce  8  hours  in  the  da}-, 
but  is  the  liorse  power  meant  as  a  measure  of  poT  • 


er  in  calculating  the  power  of  an  engine. 

This  horse  power  is  sufficient  to  grind  rnd  bolt 
thet  of  Tecmnisch  who  was  called  the  vjar  prophet.  |  a  bushel  of  wheat  per  hour.     It  will  diive  100  cct- 


78    KILE5'  WEEKlY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEl^TEMliER  36,  1815. 


ton  spindles  with  the  cards  and    other  prep'ai'ation 
machinery. 

Fonr  horse  power  wIU  drive  a  pair  of  mill  stones 
four  feet  diameter,  with  sufficient  force.  It  will 
drive  a  saw-mill  with  one  saw,  with  sufficient  force. 

From  the  foregoinj^  statement,  ahorse  power, as 
a  measure  of  p»wer  among'  engineers,  will  be  cor- 
rectly understood. 

Five  and  a  half  pounds  off  good  pit  coal  vrill  pro-_ 
duce  an  horse  power  in  a  g'ood  engine  one  hovu';  of 
course,  82  A,  or  a  bushel,  will  produce  a  horse  pow- 
er fifteen  hours.  fSee  Emporium  of  .irts,  vol.  II.  p. 
32,  note.  J 

1089  Tbs.  of  dry  oak,  it  is  said,  gives  out  as  much 
heat  as  600  lbs.  of  coal;  a  cord  of  dry  oak  will 
wcig-h  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-hundred  wt.  lience 
may  be  estimated  equal  to  20"  bushels  of  coals — 
drv  wood  is  mucli  better  than  green;  Oak  is  far 
from  being  among  the  best  sort  of  wood.  Captain 
Gregg,  of  the  steam  boat  Enterprize,  told  m'c  that 
a  cord  of  wood  was  about  equal  to  20  bushels  of 
eoal — capt.  Ogden,  of  tlie  Vesuvius,  told  me  about 
the  same.  This  st.'stement  is  also  confirmed  from 
other  sources  of  inforni.i.tiun. 

A  cord  of  good  wood  ought  to  grind  and  bolt  oOO 
bushels  of  wheat,  or  sav>r  5000  feet  of  plank,  or  roll 
and  slit  10,000  lbs.  of  iron. 

Heat  will  not  enter  a  hot  body  v.-it]i  the  same  ra- 
pidity that  it  will  a  colder  one;  it  also  escapes  as 
rapidly  through  all  bodies  from  under  pressvu-c,  as 
water  or  air  does  through  porous  cuies;  hence,  to 
v/ork  steam  to  a  high  temperature,  c.iuses  a  gi-eat 
waste  of  fuel. 

The  nearer  an  engine  is  enveloped  in  fianvc,  the 
more,  powerful  it  will  be,  in  proportion  to  the  fuel 
expended,  as  there  'a  a.  rapid  e.=cape  of  heat,  from 
every  part  the  fire  is  not  applied  to. 

T.  W.  RUBLE. 


Neglected  Documents. 

CAPTURED  SLAVES. 
•Mr.   Z^Lackcnrot's  memoirs    of  the  Cochrane^;  in- 
serted in    our  late  numbers,  are    calculated  to 
throw  much  light   on   whatever  belongs  to  the 
kidnapping  of  negToes.] 

MtSS.4.(;K  FROM  TUK  PHEEIDENT  TO  THK  SEXATi;  OF  THE 
U.NITr.n  STATES. 

I  transmit  to  the  senate  a  report  from  the  acting 
secretarv  of  state,  comi)lying  with  their  resolution 
of  the  24th  of  October  lust. 

JAMES  MAUISON. 

February  28th,  1815. 

BEPOHT. 

The  undersigned,  acting  as  secretary  of  state,  to 
whom  was  referred  the  resolution  of  the  senate  of 
the  24th  October  last,  requesting  the  president  of 
tbe  United  States  to  lay  before  the  stnate  (provid- 
ed he  shall  not  consid'er  the  same  Imjn-oper  to  be 
communicated,)  the  proof  of  any  tralhc  carried  on 
in  the  West  Indies,  by  the  sale  of  negroes  taken 
from  the  United  States,  by  the  British  forces  since 
the  present  war,  has  tlie  honor  to  state,  that  such 
proof  was  transmitted  to  tlie  executive  by  the  hon. 
St.  George  Tucker,  in  the  form  of  an  affidavit  of 
captahi  Williams,  from  which  it  appeared  that  he 
liad  been  a  prisoner  in  tlie  Bahama  islands,  ar.d 
that,  whilst  there,  he  liad  been  present  at  the  sale 
of  negroes  taken  from  the  vicinity  of  Norfolk  and 
Hampton.  Tiiis  •afilda^  it,  voluntarily  given,  and 
strengthened  ;md  corroborated  by  a  variety  of  cir- 
cumstances, was  considered  at  the  time,  as  full 
proof  f.*"  the  fact,  and  was  transmitted  to  our  minis- 
ters at  Ghent.  When  the  resolution  of  the  senate 
n-as   transmitt)?d   \q  this  depai-Une!:\t,    application 


was  made  to  judge  Tucker,  and  subscqi'lently  to 
mr.jor  (iriffin,  for  the  original  affidavit,  or  for  aii  au* 
thenticated  copy;  .as  neither  have  yet  been  receive 
ed,  and  as  it  is  deemijd  improper  longer  to  delay 
this  report,  the  undersigned  begs  leave  to  refer  to 
the  accompanying  papers,  marked  1,  2,  3  and  4, 
fiom  which  the  material  facts  stated  in  the  affida- 
vit may  be  collected,  and  the  circumstances  which 
have  prevented  its  transmission  to  this  department 
explained.  This  subject  will  be  further  investigairf 
ted  with  a  view  to  place  it,  in  all  its  circumstances, 
in  thcm*)st  satisfactory  light. 

All  wiiicli  is  respectfully  submitted, 

JAMES  MONROE. 

Department  of  state,  Feb.  28th,  1815. 

No.  I. 

Ji/diDiond,  A'ovember  '2Ath,  1814. 

Sin — I  do  myself  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  let- 
ter fi-om  my  friend,  Mr.  Cabell,  and  one  from  Mr. 
John  Tabb  Smith,  the  magistrate  before  whom  the 
affidavit  was  made,  a  copy  of  which  I  transmitted 
the  president.  Mr.  Cabell  has  written  to  m.ajor 
Griffin,  to  endeavor  to  procure  tlie  origIu;d,  and  if 
he  should  fortunately  obtain  jt,  I  will  lose  no  time 
in  forwarding  it  to  you. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  sir,  yoUfT 
most  obedient  servant, 

ST.  G.  TUCKER. 

John  Graham,  Esq.  il^artmeiit  of  state,  AVasUingtoii. 

No.  II. 

Copy  of  a  letter  from  Josepli  C.  Cabell,  Esq.  to  the 

hon.  St.  George  Tucker,  dated 

JRlchmunil,  JVovember  22,  1814. 

Mr  nFAR  SIR — I  have  received  your  favcr  of  th* 
14th  inst.  embracing  an  extract  from  the  letter  re- 
cently written  to  you  by  Mr.  Graham,  of  the  dt.' 
partmcnt  of  state,  on  the  subject  of  the  resolution 
of  the  .senate  of  the  United  States,  of  the  24th  ult. 

I  distinctly  recollect  all  the  material  circumstan-" 
ces  hi  regard  to  the  copy  of  the  affidavit,  which  you 
forwarded  to  tlie  president.  About  the  period  that 
miijor  Thomas  Griffin,  of  York,  went  on  board  the 
Britisli  squadron,  in  Lyimhaven  bay,  for  the  purpose 
of  endeavoring  to  recover  his  negroes,  wiio  had 
gone  off  to  the  eneti}-,  I  liappened  to  be  in  Wil- 
liamsburg. The  de:-tination  of  the  slaves  that 
had  been  taken  or  received  by  tbe  British,  w.as 
then  a  subject  of  curiosity  and  concern  throughout 
the  louver  country.  I  understood  that  a  se:tfarlng 
man  of  the  name  of  Williams,  who  had  been  u 
prisoner  with  the  enemy,  .and  had  recently  arrived 
•at  Hampton,  had  gone  in  company  with  major  Tho- 
mas Griffin,  of  York,  before  John  Tabb  Smith,  -i. 
respectable  magistrate,  of  the  county  of  Elizabeth 
city,  and  had  made  oat'i,  that  while  a  prisoner  5?i 
one  of  the  Bahama  islands,  he  had  been  present  at 
the  sale  of  the  negroes  that  had  been  carried  ofl" 
from  the  vicinity  of  H.unpton  and  Norfolk;  tliat  the 
negroes  were  sold  at  a  high  price,  and  that  a  negro 
carpenter,  from  Norfolk,  was  pvu-chased  for  a  thou- 
sand dollars.  Several  gentlemen,  of  the  first  res- 
pectiibiiity,  who  had  conversed  with  major  Grifiin, 
informed  me  that  he  spoke  of  Williams  as  amaji 
whose  appearance  entitled  him  to  credit,  and  that 
he  had,  accordingly,  nublislied  the  affidavit  in  the 
town  of  York.  Through  tlie  medium  of  Mr.  Coke, 
of  Williamsburg,  I  procured  a  copy  of  this  paper, 
which  I  handed  to  yoti,  and  n-as  forwarded  by  you 
to  the  president.  Tliis  affidavit  was  a  subject  of 
general  conversation  about  that  time.  The  cir- 
cumstances under  v/Iiich  "\Mlliams  .arrived  at  Hamp- 
ton; the  manner  in  which  he  described  the  negroes 
sold  in  the  Bahamas,  and  particularly  the  carpen- 
ter from  Norfolk,  and  the  appearance  of  entire  sin.. 
'ccrity  ia  his  narr.itivc,  left  no  dou.bt,  I  was  assured 


•KILES'  WEEKLY    REGISTER— CAPTURED  SLAVES. 


79 


:;!\  the  mind  of  ellhrr  Mr.  Smith  en-  major  Giiffin,  to  present  the  letters  from  g-ener:".!  Pinckncy  and 
that  the  allcg-ed.  s;ilc  had  actually  taken  place. —  yodrself,,  with  our  letter  of  authorily.  On  reading 
I  did  not  see  mujor  Griffin.,  nor  did  I  inquire  what,  general  Pinckncy's  letter,  and  discovering-  that  in- 
he  intended  to  do  with  the  ori..^inal  affida\itof  Wil-jbtead  of  a  copy  of  the  treaty  of  peace  fruni  the  s,c- 


cretar}-  of  stale's  office,  the  National  Intellig'cncci' 
was  enclosed,  admiral  Cockburn  expressed  much 
surprise;  and  it  a]ii)e:aed  fiom  his  manner  that  Ins 
temper  was  not  a  little  ruiHcd  by  the  incident.  He 
tolally  denied  the  authority  of  a  treaty  so  communi- 


iiams;  mv  conjecture  was,  tliat  he  would  *.  nd  it 
«n  to  the"committee  of  congress,  ch:u-ged  with  the 
business  of  collectini:^  proofs  of  the  barbarous  con- 
duct of  the  war,  by  the  enemy._  As  it  seems  lie  has 
notdont  so,  I  presume  it  remains  in  his  possession. 

I  will  write  immediately  to  hira,  with  the  view  of  jcated  to  him.     After  reminding-  him  that  the  Intel- 
ascertaining  whether  Uiis  be  the  fact;  and  if  it  be, 
to  request  the  tavor  of  him  to  enclose  me  the  aifi- 
riavit.     The  result  of  my  inquiries  of  that  gentle- 
man shall  be  made  known  to  you  witliout  del.iy. 

In  the  interim,  I  remain,  most  respectfully  and 
sincerely,  yours,  &c. 

JOSEPH  C.  CABELL. 
No.  in. 
Copy  of'  a  letter  from  John  Tabb  Smith,  Esq.  to 
judge  Tucker,  dated 

Hampton,  J\'ovember  21,  1814. 

Sin — Your  fjvor  I  have  now  before  me.  Some 
'ime  in  the  year  1813,  there  came  before  me  a  cap- 
lai:i  AVilliams  (I  think  his  name  was)  in  company 
with  major  Thomas  Griiiin,  of  York,  with  the  affi- 
davit you  speak  of  in  your  letter,  which  he  swore  to 
before  me,  and  I  gave 'my  certificate  thereto;  I  then 
gave  the  affidavit  to  major  Griftin,  and  e.\.pectedto 
see  it  published  m  one'  of  the  Kichmond  papers, 
but  never  heard  of  it  since;  but  from  your  letter,  i 
expect  the  original  can  be  got  from  major  Griffin. 
But  if  it  is  mislaid,  I  well  recollect  the  substance 
©f  the  affidavit,  and  will  render  you  any  service  in 
niy  powei-.     I  am,  with  respect, 

JOHN  T.\BB  S.MITM. 

Tf  it  can  be  got  from  major  Griffin,  it  had  lietter 
be  in  the  the  caT>t.iin's  own  words,  with  my  ccr- 
tific.de.  "  J.  f.  S. 

6';.  George  Tuck"''    ^ 


ligcucer  was  the  state  paper  of  the  United  States; 
that  inEnghmd,  the  publication  of  a. treaty  in  the 
Gazatte  would  be  con.sidered  the  proper  promulga- 
tion of  it,  and  the  mipcsslbility  that  there  wotdd 
be  of  furnishing  to  every  detached  squadron  that 
flo;ited  upon  tlie  sea,  any  more  authentic  copy  of  a 

treaty  of  peace  than  the  ]5ublic  papers  affiorded; 

(these  were  the  ide:is  we  brought  forward,  and  this 
the  language,  excepting  abridged.)  Adml.Cockbunj 
still  denied  our  position;  but  then  proposed  to  us, 
that  we  shoHld  make  a  transcript  of  the  treaty,  that 
we  should  certify  it  to  bt;  a  true  copy,  and  should 
present  it  to  Inm  as  sucli,  on  the  part  of  general 
Pinckney  and  vourself.  As  forms  were  no  object, 
we  assented  to  this  at  once — this  difficulty  having 
been  gotten  dver,  we  thought  it  proper  to  enter  im- 
mediately upon  the  stibject  matter  of  oiu-  mission, 
and  requested  to  know  of  admiral  Cockburn  what 
public  property  taken  at  Point  Petre  or  at  St. 
-Mary's,  remained  upon  Cumberland  Island,  in 
the  ships  near  Dunginess,  or  in  the  ships  then  ly- 
ing in  the  sound,  of  whicli  there  wore  manv;  son'ie 
of  these  sliips  taken  at  St-.  Mary's,  and  th^n  loaded 
with  property  taken  at  the  same  place.  As  we  liad 
no  instructions  as  to  the  extent  of  the  restitution 
we  shoule  demand,  and  were  left  to  our  own  judg- 
ment on  tiie  occasion,  we  deternlincd  to  adopt  the 


1- 
No.  IV. 

York,  f  Virginia  J  Fehiniary  16,  1815. 

Sir — Your  favor  of  the  6tli  Instant,  lias  been  rc- 

Ihave  examined  my  papers  and  cannot  fmdK 


same  rule  in  regard  to  private  property  and  to 
slaves,  that  v/e  had  adopted  in  regard  "to  public 
1>roperty.  We,  therefore,  demanded,  all  the  slayes 
and  private  property  of  cveiy  description  taken  or 
>  reCeiycd  at  Cumberland  island,  and  at  St.  Mary's, 
djorSt.  Simon's,  and  which  was  then  on  Cumberhmd 


ceivecl.     lliave  exanuneamy  papers  ana  cannot  tmaiyi  -^l.  omiuu  y,  ana  wmcn  was  tnen  on  Cumberlimd 
the    original   affidavit  of  captain  Williams,  therein  [island,   or  laying  in  tlie   waters   con^'guous  to  the 

same,  on  board  his  ships,  or  v.hicli  had  been  there  at 
tlie  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  peace  ijy  the  president 
of  the  U.  States;  and  in  making  this  demand,  we  were- 
happy  to  find  that  a  very  great  prcijortion  of  the  pub- 
lic and  private  property,  and  almost  all  the  slayes, 
tal:en  or  receiyed  since  tlie  Britisli  forces  had  beeit 
operating  In  Georgia,  came  witliin  tlie  limits  w.-. 
liad  prescribed  to  our  demand.  To  our  enquiry  as 
to  public  property,  and  our  demand  as  to  priv"ate, 
admiral  Cockburn  at  once  replied,  he  had  no  pub- 
lic property,  tliat  the  guns  he  liud  removed,  the 
munitions  of  war  he  had  destroyed;  but  if  thev 
were  there,  not  having  been  taken  at  Cumberland 
fsland,  which  place  alc^nc  remained  in  his  posses- 
sion at  the  ratification  of  t!)e  treaty,  they  did  not 
come  within  tlie  operation  .-  "the  first"  article  of  i^; 
tliat  with  regard  to  shtves  and  other  prlvi^c  pro- 
perty, he  meant  to  adopL  the  same  rule:  that  the 
property  and  slaves  takeit  at  Cumberland  and  re- 
maining there  at  the.  ratification,  would  be  restor- 
ed, but  what  were  taken  or  received  from  otiier  plac- 
es, although  on  Cumberl.and,  or  in  the  ship,  in  the. 
riyer  or  sound  would  net.  It  wid  be  u!\dcrstood,  that: 
we  do  not  lure  repoat  the  wurds,  but  the  substance 
of  what  admiral  ('ockburu  s.Jd,  who  appeared  dur 
in      ' '         '    ■        '■    ■  ■ 


alluded  to.  The  copy  I  gave  .Mr.  Cabell  v^as  lite 
rally  correct;  the  original  has  been  mishiid,  or  I 
fear  lost,  in  tli^  bustle  of  mcr.ing  papers  fror>i  hence 
so  frequently  as  lias  been  done,  to  place  them  from 
witiiout  the  reach  of  the  enemy  during  the  war. — 
I  will  again  examine  and  endeavor  tu  recover  the 
affidavit,  and  will  forward  the  same  to  the  depart- 
ment of  state  as  soon  as  it  shall  be  recovered.  "" 

Very  respectfully,  I  am,  sir,  \our  obedient  ser- 
vant, TilO'S  GKIPFIN. 
.JoliM  GntliaiiijEaq.  ile;)artmeiit  of  state, 
Wailiingtoii. 

Ft-wn  the  Savannah  Repnblicav^ 
The  f  jliowiiig  is  the  correspondence  which  we 
promised  in  die  Republican  of  the  23d  ult.  between 
admiral  Cockburn,  and  the  commissioners  on  the 
part  of  the  United  States,  relative  to  the  restora- 
tion of  property,  according  to  tlie  first  article  of 
the  tre-ity  of  peace.  The  reader  will  plainly  per- 
ceive the  game  played  oil'  by  Cochrane  aiid  Cock- 
burn in  this  atToJr.  \^'e  trust  antl  hope,  congress 
will  not  sutler  this  aitair  to  pass  viiUiout  investi- 
gation. 

Sapelo  hlani!,  Geo.  JSlarcJi  16,  181.7. 
Sin- — We  left  Darien  on  Saturdny,  the  6th  inst. 
and  arrived  at  Duntriness  at  4  o'clock  on  .Monday. — 
As  we  observed  Bi-itisli  troops  were  embarking;  and 
as  wc  believed  many  slaves  ;ind  mucJi  private  pro- 
derty  would  be  sent  oil'  with  them,  v.  e  detcrm.ined 
to  call  ujion    admiral  Cockhurn  hTfined*u.'.el>-,  aiul 


tJie  whole  of  tliis  conversation  a  little   warm, 
ing-  discovered  th«  construction  admiral  Cock- 
burn was  ple.ised  to   put  upon  the  treaty,  and  his 


H 


mner  furbidd 


i;v' 


-Mr.  Sp  •...ling-  tlioi 


hope  of 
rht  it  pro' 


:i  change  of  opinion, 

l-j  draw  l.'is  atten- 


§0    NILE5'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  tsh. 


tjon  to  the  ships  then  layhig  within  a  hnndred  yards 
of  the  whai-f  of  Uxiiiginess,  on  board  of  which  it 
was  knowni  some  sUvcs  were,  by  observing- to  him 
that  tlie  river  wus  taken  possession  of  at  the  time 
tliat  Cumberland  wj.s  occupied  by  the  British  forces; 
Miat  It  was  eqiuilly  i.i  his  possession  witli  the  soil 
adj  xent  on  the  r^tific  Uoaof  the  treaty,  and  would 
onlv  be  restored  to  the  United  States  at  the  mo- 
ment he  '.vithdrew  his  fo.-ces  from  Dunginess;  that 
(io;i3cqucntly,  under  Ids  own  ride,  tlie  properly  and 
slaves  on  bo^ird  those  s'lips  orig'inally  taken  at 
Cumberland,  it  was  expeclttl  would  partake  of  tlie 
quality  of  the  property  and  slaves  originally  found 
on  Cumberland  and  remaining  there.  To  which 
admiral  Cockbum  replied,  thkt  wherever  the  Bri- 
tish ttag  was,  there  is  llricioh  territory;  and  by  way 
of  elucidating-  Jds  position,  demanded  of -Nlr.  Spal- 
ding-, whether  if  he,  admiral  Cockburn,  committed 
a  inurder  on  bo;iJ-d  oite  of  those  ships  in  time  of 
peace,  he  believed  him  amenible  to  the  laws  of  the 
United  States'  "No,  sir,  said  he,  "I  am  amenable 
to  my  o-»vn  government,  and  to  my  own  sovereig-Pi." 
To  tills  it  wa3  reolied,  he  was  amenable  to  his  o\vu 
sovereign  as  an  ofTiccr,  but  he  was  amenable  to  the 
laws  of  tlie  United  St  ites  as  a  man;  and  it  was  in 
Uirn  asked,  whether  he  belitved  if  a  murder  was 
committed  on  board  an  American  ship  in  the  river 
Thames,  the  laws  of  Eng-hiud  would  not  operate 
tipon  tlie  mvirderer— "Xo,  sic."  I,  too,  sir,  have 
itudicd  tlie  laws  of  E:ip:land,  lu  my  youth,  and  think 
they  v.ould.  "Tlxu,  .sir,  we  are  at  issue;  and  it  is 
Unnecessary  to  say  more."  If  we  are  at  issue,  ad- 
miral Cockburn,  upon  an  abstract  principle,  it  is  of 
litUe  importance;  will  you  please  to  turn  over  to 
the  first  article  of  tlie  treaty,  and  we  will  see  if  we 
<jap  agree  upon  a  practical  result.  This  conversa- 
tioii  is  reported  in  its  very  words,  that  you  may  be 
possessed  of  the  admiral's  manner  of  reasoning- 
and  mode  of  thinking,  at  our  arrival,  and  it  was 
closed  by  observing,  that  we  should  address  a  note 
to  him,  which  we  hoped  he  would  answer  as  soon 
as  possible — then  took  ov.v  leave.  The  next  day, 
tile  rth  inst.  we  called  upon  him  and  presented  a 
td-aascriiJt  of  the  trc.ty,  certified  by  us  to  be  a  true 
oopy,  w-iiich  he  accepted  of  AVe  then  handed  him 
1^ie  following  note: 

Sir — We  arc  instructed  by;xcneral  Floyd  to  call 
'jpoa  you,  and  are  by  him  authorised  to  receive  from 
you  any  public  or  private  property,  or  any  slaves 
that  are  or  were  in  your  possession  at  the  time  of 
the  ratihcation  of  the  trcu.ty  of  peace  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  The  constniclion  put 
upon  this  article  by  us,  is,  that  all  private  jiro- 
pcrty,  and  all  slaves  in  your  possession,  whether  on 
iimd  or  on  water,  at  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of 
peace,  arc  to  be  restored.  We  place  this  construc- 
tion upon  the  first  article  of  the  treaty,  because  it 
appears  to  have  orig-inated  in  the  most  amicable 
viispositioiH  of  both  the  American  ;md  British  com- 
missioners. Amicable  on  the  part  of  the  American 
commissioners  in  demanding  wliat  might  be  restor- 
ed without  uiconveniencc.  Amicable  on  the  part 
of  the  Diitisii  commissioners  in  promising  to  re- 
store all  that  could  be  restored  without  great  incon- 
venience. For  we  cannot  persuade  ourselves,  th.at 
tuc  restoration  of  private  property  or  slaves  Ls  to  be 
iimitteil  to  the  slaves  or  property  originally  taken  in 
the  forts  or  plates^ you. occupied;  for  it  must  be  obvi- 
ous to  you,  su'.andit  must  be  ob\  ions  to  all,  that  tliere 
are  no  slaves,  and  that  tliere  is  but  little  private 
property  ever  taken  in  forts.  The  limitation  that 
appeal's  to  exist  in  the  first  part  of  the  first  arti- 
oLe  of  the  treaty  ;is  to  such  property  as  m.aj'  re- 
rrMin  in  tl'e  fii-t.*  and  places  hi   ywur  possession,  is 


obviously  confined  to  artillery  and  other  ptiblic  ptd'. 
perty  taken  in  such  forts  and  places,  and  which,  if 
once  removed,  would  have  rccpiired  much  trouble 
and  much  expence  to  restore.  And  this  conclu- 
sion is  the  more  obvious  from  noticing  that  in  the 
following  part  of  the  same  ai  tide,  arcluves,  re^ 
cords,  deeds  and  papers,  which  are  objects  of  easy 
transport,  are  promised  to  be  restored,  into  wlioso'- 
ever  hands  tliey  may  have  fallen,  or  wheresoever 
they  may  have  beentransferred. 

llegging  that  v  e  may  have  an  answer  upon  this 
subject,  so  deeply  interest mg  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Georgia,  as  soon  as  possible,  we  rem;-.in,  sir,  res- 
pectfully, yoiu-  very  obedient  sen-ants,  &.C. 

Which,  after  having  read,  he  promised  to  answer 
the  morning  foilov,  ing.  And  here  it  is  proper  to 
ol;servc,  that  at  this  meeting,  and  the  very  many 
that  followed  it,  admiral  Cockburn  was  calm  and 
Ids  manner  courteous  in  a  high  degree.  During 
the  evening  of  this  da)-,  we  understood  admiral 
.sir  Alexartder  Cochrane  had  arrived,  and  conse- 
quently that  we  should  not  receive  an  answer  to 
our  note  until  there  was  a  conference  between  the 
adniu-al  Cockburn  and  himself.  At  this  delay  wc 
felt  no  regret,  as  we  hoped  from  him,  from  many 
causes  not  necessary  to  state,  a  more  liberal  coi;- 
struction  of  the  treaty;  the  weather  was  so  bad  that 
it  was  the  lOdi  before  this  communication  took 
place,  immediately  afierwhich  admu-al  Cockburn 
transmitted  us  the  following  note,  in  answer  to  the 
one  we  had  addressed  to  him: 

Jlend-quarffnt,    C umbci-Iand  Inland,   7llr 
March,    1815. 

GEXTLEjrEX — 1  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  the 
document  which  jou  state  yourselves  authorised 
to  assure  m.e  is  a  true  copy  of  the  treaty  of  peace 
that  has  been  concluded  between  our  respective 
governments,  and  which  you  have  been  instructed 
to  lay  before  me  by  generals  Pinkney  and  Floyd. — 
Accompanymg  this  document,  I  am  likewise  honor- 
ed with  your  note  of  this  day,  informmg  me  of  youi* 
being  authorised  to  receive  from  me  any  public  or 
private  property  or  slaves  to  be  restored  by  me  im- 
dcr  the  first  article  of  the  aforesaid  treaty,  and  ex- 
plaining to  nie  the  construction  you  are  pleased  t*> 
put  upon  that  article;  but  I  only  find  in  the  certified 
copy  you  have  laid  before  me,"  that  "all  ten-itory, 
places  or  possessions  taken  during  the  war,  or  af- 
ter the  sigiiing  of  t!ie  treaty,  (excepting  only  as 
therein  excepted)  shall  be  restored  without  delay, 
and  without  causing  any  destruction  or  carrjinf 
away  any  of  the  artillery  or  other  public  propcrt/ 
originally  captured  in  the  said  forts  or  places,  and 
which  siliall  rein:iin  therein  upon  the  exchange  oi* 
the  r.ttiiications  of  the  treaty,  or  any  slaves  or  other- 
private  property." 

It  becomes,  thercfure,  alone  necessary  for  mete 
state  to  you  that  Cumberland  Island  being  the  only 
phi.ee  of  possession  taken  from  America  in  thi3 
neighborhood,  whitli  wr.s  retained  by  me,  at  the 
date  of  the  ratification  alluded  to,  I  shall,  as  quick- 
ly as  possible  evacuate  it  without  causing  any  de- 
struction, and  1  !ihall  leave  on  it,  or  delivei"  to  you, 
v.hatever  private  property  or  slaves  {originallij  cap- 
tured here)  remained  upon  the  island  at  the  date  of 
the  ratification.  I  have  not  the  slightest  reason  nor 
incliPiation  to  doubt  the  amicable  disposition  you 
state  to  have  actuated  the  British  and  American  com- 
missioners in  formhig  this  treaty;  it  appears,  however. 
Clear  to  me,  by  tlie  expressions  they  have  thought 
fit  to  adopt  in  it,  that  I  am  only  required  and  au- 
thorised to  make  the  restitution  1  have  above  stated, 
and  I  niust  beg  to  decline  venturing  an  opinion  as 
to  whether  the  treaty  is  pj-operlv  worded  accara- 


:KiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-CAPTURED  SLAVES. 


81 


i\g  to  the  Intentions  of  the  commissioners,  but  Ij 
apprehend  had  tliey  M'ishcd  to  imply  (as  you  con- 
ceive) "th;it  a"!!  private  property  and  slaves  in  nn- 
possession,  whether  on  land  or  -i-ater,"  were  to  be 
3e.il!ored,  it  mig'ht  have  been  so  specified  witliout 
difficulty;  and  alttioiig-h  you  observe  there  are  no 
slaves,  and  but  little  private  property  ever  taken  in 
"Torts,"  yet  the  continuation  of  the  words  "or 
places,"  may  perliaps  do  away  the  difiiculty  which 
presented  itself  to  jou  on  that  point;  therefore,  geu- 
tieraeu,  in  giving'  up  this  place  in  conformity  with 
the  treaty  you  have  done  me  the  lionor  to  lay  before 
ine,  I  must  heg  to  be  excused  from  entering-  into 
discussions  rehitive  to  captures  made  clscii-kerc  on 
tund  or  Vv'ater,  and  which  have  begii  rcvinved  from 
t!ie  places  where  captured  prior  to  the  exchange  of 
the  ratiiication  of  the  treaty. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  much  con.sideraticnj 
gentlem.en,  your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 
€t.  COCKBUTvX,  Rear-admiral. 
Approved— A .  C<JCH  It  AXE. 
To  captain  J\'€tveU,  of  the  U,uU'd  States' 
sea  f'licibles,   and    Thomas  Spaldinrf, 
esq.  agents  on  the  part  of  th;  U.  States 
for  recoiKrliig  propei'ty    to   be  reulort'd 
according  to  trect^',  <sc. 

Finding  this  note  wi.s  approved  of  on  the  margin 
by  sir  Ale.-iander  Cochrane,  and  underr.tanding,  and 
even  knowing  from  our  own  sight,  that  he  had  taken 
his  dep-irture  from  the  coast,  by  the  time  we  had 
received  this  note,  all  attempts  at  demonstrating 
the  incorrcctnes.s  of  the  conclu;,ion  drawn  by  ad- 
miral Cockbnrn  from  the  first  article  of  the  treaty, 
seemed  iiselcss,  for  admiral  Cockburn  no  long-er 
had  the  pov.-er,  if  he  had  the  inclination,  to  correct 
his  first  opinion;  and  we  presently  understood,  that 
even  the  smaii  return  of  slants  and  property  em- 
braced by  this  construction  of  the  treaty  Avas  yield- 
ed to  with  some  reluctance  by  sir  Alexander  Coch' 
rane:  We,  therefore,  the  same  evening  addressed  to 
admiral  Cockbvu-n  the  note  that  follows: 

"Sir — Your  letter  of  the  Tth  is  bcf)rc  us;  anc* 
after  the  desire  you  have  been  pleased  to  express 
of  declining  all  discussion  of  your  construction  of 
tlie  first  article  of  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the 
United  States  and  (i.  Britain,  it  only  ren»inis  for 
us  to  cull  upon  you  fur  a  list  of  tlie  property,  public 
or  private,  and  tlie  slaves  "originally  captured  on 
Cumberland  Island,"  which  yoii'havc  "declared  your 
readiness  to  deliver. 

It  is  our  duty  to  add  this  further  and  final  remark, 
that  this  list  vi'iil,  we  presume,  include  all  "-slaves 
originally  captured  on  the  Island  of  Cumberland, 
whether  such  slaves  may  have  been  usually  resident 
on  that  Island,  or  liaving  come  from  otlj^r  sections 
of  the  country,  have  there  first  fallen  under  the 
dominion  of  the  British  arms;  and  especially  that  it 
will  include  all  slaves  and  other  property  taken  or 
received,  since  the  ratificalion  of  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  our  respective  governments." 

And  in  the  conversation  which  took  nlace  after 
the  delivery  of  this  note,  it  was  agreed  that  orders 
would  be  given  to  r^-store  to  the  owners  any  si 
that  were  received  in  the  Brilisj)  camp  or  ahips 


Lves, 

the  ratification  of  tiie  treaty,  and  iii  consequence  of 
this  understanding,  orders  were  given  to  resto'-e 
some  slaves  so  situated  by  admiral  Cockbnrn,  but 
every  means  were  used  hy  the  inferior  oflicers  to 
prevent   the  due   executi-.n  .of  tJio-^e  ord^r- 


v,'it]i  the  slaves  that  had  repaired  to  the  Rriti.ch 
camp  or  British  ships  from  Florida,  namely,  thai, 
they  should  be  sent  to  Eeimuda  and  tlicre  confined 
in  a  ship,  until  the  decision  of  the  Th-itish  adminis- 
tration was  taken  on  their  case,  ■\^'e  liave  deemed  it 
proper  to  communicate  this,  as  not  unimportant  to 
our  own  government,  and  our  own  citizen.s.  On  the 
morning-  of  the  lltli  an  answer  to  our  note  was 
received,  covering  a  list  of  TT"  negroes,  a  fcAV  brjes 
of  cotton,  and  a  few  hor.ses  and  cattle,  which  were 
to  be  restored,  as  having  been  oiiginally  taken  at 
Cumberland  Island,  and  having  remained  there  to  t!id 
ratification  of  the  treaty. 

Head- Quarters,    Cumberland  Island,, 
the  11th  Ji'urch,   lol5. 
Gextlemex — I  have  the  honor  to   acknowledrre 

o 

the  receipt  of  your  note,  of  the  10th  current;  the- 
first  part  of  v/hich,  obliges  me  to  beg  your  recon- 
.'iideration  of  my  letter  of  the  Tth,  as  1  believe  so 
far  from  declining  therein  "ail  d:.-;cussion  of  my  conj 
struction  of  the  1st  article  of  tlie  treaty  of  pe.ice 
lately  concluded  between  our  governments,"  1  have 
there  quoted  verbatim  the  major  part  of  it,  und 
have  explicitly  stated  to  yciu  the  line  of  conduct 
which  my  cjustruction  of  the  said  article  called  vpoix 
mo  to  adopt  in  giving  up  the  territor}-  possessed  by 
tiie  forces  under  my  orders. 

I  declined  only  entering  into  disctission  rcr.pcct - 
ing-  "  capture  made  elserckerc,  and  wiiich  iiad  been 
removed  from  tJie  places  where  captured prisr  to  the 
exchange  of  the  ratifications  of  the  peace,"  such 
not  appearing  to  come  w  itliin  the  speciricd  intention 
of  tlie  aforesaid  Ist  article  of  the  tretity,  and  yen 
will  perceive,  by  his  signature  added  to  my  letter, 
the  commander  in  chief  of  his  Britannic  majesty's 
forces  on  the  Xorih  American  .station  concurs  v,-iih 
me  in  this  ojiinion. 

I  h.ave  lierevi  ith  the  honor  to  transmit,  hi  compli- 
ance with  your  request,  a  list  of  propt.'rty  and  slave.'5 
tliat  were  captured  ,.on  Cumberland  IsLuid,  and 
whicii  appeared  to  have  remained  on  it  at  11  P.  M. 
of  the  17ih  lilt,  tiie  period  at  which  the  ratifications 
were  excljanged. 

I  have  the  iscnor  to  be,  gentlemen,  your  most 
obedient  humble  servant, 

(J.  COCKBURX,  Hear  .'j 

To  capftin  Nf'Aell,  Tlioilias  .Simiiiinc:,  lisq. 
agents  tin-  rcCfiviiig-  rtatoted  tei'ntoiy 
and  proptriy,  &t. 

In   -^rder  to  place  the  matter  in    a  pr'>pci    ^.g,. 

we  the  same  day  transmitted  the  folio'.vir.g  ansv.er, 

which   closed   car  joint   Correspondence   vv-ith   the 


'«i,"«;. 


li^lU, 


ticulai-ly  on  board  the  Rcgulus 
say,  as  we  vrci-e  iitfoi-med 
himself  was  witness  to. 


admiral : 

Sir — We  have  to  acknowledg-e  the  receipt  of  your 
note  of  the  11th  inst.  containing  a  list  of  slaves 
and  property  wiiich  had  l)cen  originally  found  on 
Cumberiand  Island,  and  v.'l-acii  were  rcinaiiiing-  on 
the  Island,  ;\t  the  ratirication  of  tlie  treaty  of  jieace 
by  tlie  president.  Ag.-.inst  this  c':nst"ucdon  of  t!-.c 
fi-rst  article  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  we  must  stiVi^ 
protest,  and  we  must  still  contend,  sir,  that  all 
the  property,  and  all  the  slaves,  fii.at  were  on 
Cumberiand  Island,  or  in  the  rivers  or  waters 
adjacent  to  tlie  same,  at  the  ratification  of  tlie 
treaty,  in  the  spirit  of  amity  in  whicli  tiiat  article 
was  conchudcd,  sliouhl  have  been  restored;  and  tliij 
consti-uction  of  the  first  article  of  the  treaty,  v/a.s 
tlie  more  important  to  the  people  (>f  the  United 
States,  a.s  a  great  proportion  of  the  property  take.', 
and  a  gr«itt  proportion  of  t]>'."  hUiVl-s  received,  were 
capt.  R;)bc;-t  Jtam-  [sent  fonH-lie  v/atcrs  of  the  United  States,  or  troni 
and  as  captain  Xevveil  Ithe  Island  or"  Cun.bcrland,  ar.  late  as  between  th. 


par 


.,  ,.     ^  ^'"  \v-as  at  tlie  sarrre  time  period  of  tlie  secondand  vlie  iifdi  of  March,  and  n> 

laajcated  to  us,  the  course  v.hicli  ->rould  bepu/.<?uod  iinco?5side-rabie  wuub-r  of  staves  .luive  bjaei-.  sent  bn 


^'"T..  {X. — (-innrTioxir, 


Xrt. 


82   FILES'  WEEKLY  IIEGI«TER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  SO,  1815. 


hoard  your  shipping  in  the  ofnng,  since  we  had  thii 
honor  of  addressing-  to  you  our  first  note  of  the  7th 
inst.  T^-at,  ;iir,  to  have  pressed  cur  construction  of 
il)c  treaty,  ufier  \-our  letter  lind  been  approved  by 
the  ccinnuuider  in  chief,  Sir  Alexander  Cocunme, 
r,nd  he  hr.d  retired  from  the  station,  would  have 
hc-cn  something Titore  than  useless.  We  have,  then, 
:;ir,  no  altcrncitive,  but  to  refer  tins  uftkir  to  our 
g-ovcrnnient. 

We  cannot,  liowt-ver,  conclude  this  correspon- 
dence, without  acknowledg-ing:  the  pleasure  we 
feci  at  tlie  [uciiities  wiiicli  you  have  alibrded  to 
;dl  ciain^ants  of  slaves  to  obtain  their  voluntary 
retuni*~fucir!ties  wliich  we  are  sensible  would 
have  ijeen  productive  of  more  ettect,  had  some  time 
been  alhnved  to  operate;  and  we  are,  sir,  very 
rcrfpectfnUy,  your  very  obedient  servants,  Set." 

And  liere  it  is  necessary  for  imderstanding  the 
l.-'st  clause  of  our  letter  to  state  what  led  to  it.  Mr. 
,Spaldin,<  iiad  suggested  to  admiral  Cockburn,  after 
every  other  means  had  failed,  his  paving-  permis- 
sion'to  claimants  to  ^o  on  board  his  ships  in  the 
ofring-  to  obtain  tiie  vohmtury  return  of  their  slaves; 
this  he  assented  to  with  great  willingness — he  sent 
an  olncer  with  them,  and  in  the  pre^5ence  of  our- 
selves _"-ave  the  most  positive  instructions  to  the  oih- 
cer  to  iTavc  every  facility  ailbrdcd  them.  Tlsis  step 
produced  a  return  of  thirteen  slaves— six  of  c;;p- 
trdn  Wvlly's,  five  of  .Mr.  CoujK'r's,  one  of  major 
Butler's  and  one  of  major  Johnstone's  and  would 
prodv;ced  a  return  of  hundreds,  if  it  had  not  h:ive 
been  foj-  the  means  employed  by  the  inferior  ofhca-s 
tj  prevent  their  return."  On  the  morning  of  the 
13th  in.^t,  the  British  flag  was  struck  at  Dunginess, 
and  having  consulted  with  tlie  many  respectable 
s.;e'.itle;nen  who  wer'e  with  us,  as  to  the  necessitv  of 
^le  occ;isi'jn,  we  called  upon  captain  Massias  for  an 
ofhcer  and  twenty -live  n\cn,  to  be  sent  to  Dungi- 
ness, to  prevent 'as  far  ;'.s  possible  fugitive  slaves 
still  joining  the  Britiijh  ships,  tliat  were  just  in  the 
o^Tlng,  and  were  to  remain  so  for  two  or  three  days. 
Ml'.  Spalding  then  addressed  the  ibl lowing  letter  to 
admiral  Cocldnu-'i,  and  followed  captain  Newell, 
who  had  already  taken  his  departure. 

Sin — It  is  v.ith  nuH-h  regret  T  liave  to  state,  that 
ofthe  slaves,  whidi  you  have  ordered  to  be  restored 
as  having  joined  the  British  forces  under  your  com- 
mand, after  the  ratiiication  ofthe  treaty  of  peace  b}' 
the  president  of  the  United  States,  scvei-nl  of  them 
now  on  board  the  Uegulus,  captahi  Ivxunsa}-,  liave  not 
been  delivered.  'These  slaves  are  two  of  Mr.  Arm- 
strong's, January  Stul.-ljs  aiul  Mary  Stubbs,  one  of 
the  slaves  of  Mr.  Miller,  and  four  of  Mr.  Copp,  which 
were^esterday  directed  to  be  given  up.  I  have 
to  add,  that  two  of  the  three  slaves  delivered  to  .Mr. 
Armstrong,  tlie  very  niglit  they  returned  home, 
made  tiieir  escape,  and  wjill  unquestionably  attempt 
to  reacii  your  sliip.H. 

I  must  therefore  request  tliat  any  of  the  above 
persons,  that  c:m  be  found,  or  any  other  slaves  that 
may  join  your  fleet,  from  the  United  States,  before 
they  quit  this  station,  may  be  delivered  to  captain 
jMassias  at  I'oint  Petrc,  or  to  his  oRkcr  at  Dun- 
giness; and  ]  am,  sir,  respectlhUv,  vour  very-  obe- 
dient servant,  l"-  'SPALDIXfi. 

*•  Although  admiral  (Jockburn  evinced  to  the 
cAmmi'^sioner.-i  tiiis  willingness;  jet  we  have  it  from 
the  very  best  a^utiiority,  he  had  previously  given 
orders  to  his  ofiicers  to  lay  in  the  way  Qf  clain"i;ints 
every  obstacle  that  would  tend  to  defeat  the  re- 
iurn'of  anynepToes — this  fact  is  proved  by  the  con- 
(hict  oft/ic  inifi'Hor  ojjicfrs  to  clairaiant'S.  It  is  absurd 
hi  tlic  high* it  dcgTf'e. 


Having  thus,  sir,  closed  the  mission  with  which 
we  were  ciiargcd  by  general  I'inkney  and  A'ourself, 
it  is  import.ant  in  our  ojiiiiion  tliat'  v/c  should  ob- 
serve to  ynu,  thiit  at  our  arrival  at  Dunginess  on 
the  6ui  instar,t,  the  United  States'  barge  taken  at 
St.  Mary's  was  at  the  wharf,  but  v.as  removed  that 
evening;  and  we  also  understood  most  of  ti»e  cannon 
taken  at  Point  Petre  were  removed  subsequent  to 
the  ratiiication  of  the  treat)  from  Cumberland. 
Five  or  si.K  hundred  negroes  bro\iglit  fi'om  St.  Si- 
mon's as  late  as  tlie  15th"  of  February,  were  at  Cum- 
berland long  after  the  ratification,  and  many  of 
them  sent  oti'  in  tlie  night  of  the  day  after  our  arri- 
val. In  a  conversation  with  ?'.Ir.  Spalding  it  was 
admitted  by  admiral  Cockburn,  that  major  Kins- 
man, of  tlie  marines,  had  continued  to  enter  fugi- 
tive slaves  into  colonial  and, West  India  regiments, 
after  notice  of  tlie  ratification  ofthe  treaty  and  un- 
til he,  admiral  (Jocklnu-n,  had  given  written  orders 
to  the  contrary. 

Accompanying  this  letter  you  will  receive  a  list 
of  such  slaves  as  their  masters  have  returned  to 
us — from  -Mr'  Hamilton,  who  lost  two  hundred  and 
twenty  odd,  and  fi-om  major  Butler,  who  lost  one 
hundred  and  thirty;  and  iVom  others,  whom  the 
terror  »f  tlie  times  had  driven  away,  we  have  no 
retui'ii.  Nor  is  it  to  be  wondered  at,  tjiat  a  thin 
population  fled  before  a  war  wliich  has  been  con- 
ducted in  a  spirit  wiueli  this  luis  been  since  January 
last;  for  it  camed  insurrection  as  its  means,  and, 
like  the  awful  vjsit^itions  of  Proiidence,  rum  has 
marked  its  course.  But  -we  state,  sir,  with  jiieasure, 
tiuit  the  unhappy  sufferci-s  look  with  manly  firmness 
to  tlieir  oww  government  for  a  rep;a-ation  of  their 
injvu'ies,  and  to  that  government  we  noW  beg  leave 
to  consign  them,  with  a  firm  persuasion  that  they 
v\'ill  not  be  disappointed  in  their  expectations,  and 
we  rci.-iain,  sir,  respectfully  your  most  obedient 
servants, 

Thomas   IM.  'iiv.ws.x.i,'^^8ffents, 
Tiio^iAs  Spaluixo,       5        '^c. 
To  Brig.  gen.  .Tohn  Floyd, 

Commamling-  U.  S.  forces,  at  Savamiaii. 

From,  the  JS'assau  lioifal  Gazette,  .ipnl  10. 
We  have  been  favored  with  the  copy  of  a  letter 
written  by  A\iiiiam  Wylly,  esquire,  his  majesty's 
advocate  and  pro''urator-general,  to  his  excellency 
the  governor,  in  refutation  of  the  charge  made  by 
the  American  g-overnment  respecting  the  sale  in 
these  islands,  of  negroes  t;iken  from  the  United 
States.  Although  every  person  in  this  colony  must 
be  perfectly  satisfied  that  the  charge  is  altogether 
unfounded,  yet,  as  it  appears  by  Mr.  Monroe's  re- 
port to  his  government,  that  the  subject  had  been- 
deemed  of  sultieient  importance  to  be  officially 
communicated  'to  tiie  plenipotentiaries  at  Ghent, 
and  iias  otiierwi^e  been  widely  cu'culated,  we  con- 
sider it  i-ight  publicly  to  repeat  our  firm  belief 
that  tin- accusation,  thus  brought  against  the  com- 
mander in  chief  and  other  meritorious  officers  of 
his  majesty's  navy  on  the  American  station,  and  in- 
volving in  its  consequences  the  inhaiiitants  of  this 
colony,  has  been  fabricated  for  the  double  purpose 
of  stigmatizing  the  British  naval  character  and  fan- 
ning the  flame  of  discord  lietween  the  two  nations. 
AV't,-'  miglit  have  said  only,  that  it  must  Jiavc  pro- 
ceeded from  some  erroneous  and  false  information 
by  wliich  the  public  functionaries  of  the  U.  States, 
hiive  been  deceived,  did  not  tlie  remarks  of  Mr. 
Monroe,  embodied  in  his  report,  point  directly  to 
a  spirit  of  r.mcor  as  dictating  the  representations- 
remarks,  which  we  see  repeated  in  the  National  In- 
telligencer with  increased  malevolence,  and  which, 
;fs.  lippcaring  in  that  paper,    bear  the  mark  of  au-. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CAPTURED  SLAVES. 


-Jiority,  nnd  shew  that  the  object  is  not  so  lauch  to 
sliew  proof  of  the  injustict;  comphuned  of,  as  to  ag'- 
g-rava.te  the  imputation  and  to  impress  its  belict 
upon  the  mindi  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  still  heated  from  recent  animosities.  It 
will  be  observed  that  the  attorney-general  has 
confined  liimself  in  a  gTeat  measure  to  prize  ne- 
groes. It  is  to  be  wished  that  he  liad  g'one  further, 
because  it  is  the  aim  of  the  American  government 
to  do  so.  The  true  purport  of  the  accusation  at 
the  present  day,  means  as  mucli  that  the  desertion 
of  slaves  was  encouraged,  and  that  they  were  after- 
wards betrayed  and  sold,  as  that  captured  negroes 
were  carried  away  for  sale.  An  accusation  equalh 
false  and  groundless  as  the  other,  and  equally  in- 
credible with  all  who  will  give  it  a  moment's  re- 
flection, aud  consider  the  impracticability  of  sucli 
proceedings  under  the  existing  laws,  over  which 
the  eye  of  autliority  is  particularK^  vigilant  in  all 
our  colonies,  but  in  none  more  so  than  this. 

We  understand  that  sundry  affidavits  have  been 
voluntarily  an^  solemnly  made,  which  not  only  fully 
corroborate  the  statement  of  the  attorney-general, 
but  also  shews  that  no  American  slaves  were,  at 
any  time,  or  under  any  circumstances  whatever,  in- 
troduced and  sold  in  the  IJahamas  during-  the  late 
war.  If  copies  of  those  affidavits  can  be  procured, 
they  shall  appear  in  a  futiu-e  number;  in  the  mean 
time,  the  letter  above  alluded  to  is  publislied: 

'■'A'e-w  Providenci;,  Sifai/Jt/i,  1815. 

"Vour  excellency  must  wltiiout  doubt,  tiave  been 
surprised  at  seeing  in  our  last  Gazette,  copies  of  the 
p.ipers  which  liave  lately  been  published  under  tiie 
authority  of  tlie  government  of  tlie  United  States, 
upon  the  subject  of  the  pretended  sale  of  Ameri- 
can prize  neg-roes  inth'.-se  islands  and  altliough  the 
charge  appears  upon  the  face  of  it  to  be  gi-ound" 
les-j,  your  e.\ceilency  may  neverthele:js  tiiink  it  right 
that  it  should  be  contradicted. 

"I  have,  as  yoiu*  excellency  know.s,  been  his  ma- 
jesty's attorney,  advocate  and  procurator-gencr.d  of 
these  islands  for  the  last  fourteen  vears,  and  I  was 
present,  perhaps,  at  every  sitting  of  our  prize  coiu-t 
during  the  late  American  war,  so  tliat  I  iiave  had 
the  very  best  opportunity  to  know  what  has  been 
passing  in  that  court,  and  take  upon  myself  with- 
out any  reserve  to  assert,  that  not  a  single  negro  or 
person  of  color,  taken  fi'om  the  Americans  and 
brought  into  tliese  islands,  in  the  course  of  tb.e 
war,  Was  eith.er  prosecuted,  condemned  or  sold 
here,  and  that  it  was  an  invariable  practice  to 
liberate  or  exchange  them  all,  whether  freemen  or 
slaves. 

"An  instance  occurred  in  1803,  and  another  in 
1811,  in  which  negroes  who  vrere  probably  born 
free,  were  trepanned  and  snniggied  in:o  th.e  c'olonv, 
by  masters  of  American  vessels;  the  first  a  man 
called  Robert  Sawyer,  in  the  brig  Joseph  Ross,  Jas. 
Henryham,  master,  from  Washington,  in  North  (',a- 
rolina;  the  other  a  young  wom.in "named  (jatharine 
Riciiardson,  in  the  schooner  Cvntiihi,  of  Xew  York, 
Charles  Jolmson,  mas ler;  both  of  these  were  seized, 
prosecuted,  and  madg  free  here  by  sentences  o  f  our 
-admiralty  court,  imdcr  the  authovity  of  the  act  of 
parliament  for  the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade,  and 
1  took  tiie  liberty  to  write  letters  givi-ig  notice  of 
these  transactions,  both  to  Mr.  Monroe,  tlie  A- 
merican  secretary  of  state,  and  to  the'  society 
established  at  Pniladclphia  for  the  abolition  of 
iilavery. 

"I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  considera- 
tion, sir,  your  exceileacy's  failhfal,  humble  servant, 

(Signed)  WM.  WYLLV. 

ffts  exeeljenrjj   Charles  Caineron,  Eaq.  ?Jc.  li£<: 


The  foiloM-mg  letter  on    the  same  .subject  \."a.i 
addressed  to  Mr.  Mouioe,  in  March  last.  \Vhe1:i!Cr 
he  condescended   to  answer    it^   we  have  not  yet 
heard;  it  has  not  been  pr.blished:    ' 
,       _        (e.u'v.) 

Tonnant,  off  St.  .Marti'i^-,   (Jecr^fui,''} 
H/'i  .'ifu-rch,  ltil5.  S 

SIR — In  a  Unndon  newL:p:.pcr,  the  Times,  of  the 
2ist  of  November  last,  I  observe  in  tlie  eiose  of  !'- 
letter  from  you  addressed  to  the  American  con.- 
missioners  at  Ghent,  dated  the  2t)th  January,  1814, 
the  following  paragrap'i,  which  alludes  to  the  ne- 
groes that  liad  taken  refuge  on  board  hi."  Britan- 
nic   majesty's  ships  from  the   shores  of  the  l"niie,l 

Sttites: 

"It  is  known  that  a  shameful  traffic  has  been  car- 
1  icd  on  in  the  ^^"est  Indies,  by  tlie  sale  of  these 
persons  there,  by  tliose  who  prof^.'ss  to  be  their  de- 
liverers. Of  tliis  fact,  the  jjroof  that  has  reached 
this  department  shall  be  furni-ilied  yoit." 

Althoug-h  at  the  da.te  of  your  letter  I  had  n.ol 
left  Eng-land,  consequently  the  events  there  said  to 
have  taken  ]3lace,  were  ]5reviou3  to  n)y  assuming 
the  comm.and  on  this  station.  It  is  a  justice  I  owe 
to  my  predecessor  and  th.e  officers  nov,-  serving  ir. 
this  fleet,  to  call  upon  you  for  t];e  proofs  that  ydu 
state  to  have  reached  yo'.u-  department. 

When  such  accusations  are  sanctioned  by  suc.li 
b.igh  authority  as  the  secretarj'  of  state  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  it  is  to  ])e  supposed  tliat  he  must 
have  been  in  possession  of  suihcient  informaiion  to 
induce  him  to  give  pu1ilicity  to  them.  I  thereforL- 
trust  to  your  furnisliing  me  with  the  proofs  to 
which  you  allude;  also,  suck  other  proofs  as  yoa 
may  have  to  addaice  against  any  person,  sinee  the 
British  fleet  upon  tlie  North  Ameijoan  station  has 
been  under  my  command. 

I  have  no  hesitation  in  declaririg,  that  I  do  not 
believe  any  negro,  citlier  free  or  a  slave,  v.'ho  had 
taken  reftig-e  on  board  tire  fleet'uhdor  rav  command^ 
lu\s  at  any  time  been  sent  to  the  West  Indies;  the 
wiiole  \vc\c  either  ordered  to  the  island  of  Bermu- 
da or  to  Halifax.  I  furtiier  declare,  tliat  none  of 
tliese  persons  have  been  Icept  in  a  state  of  slavery, 
but  suffered  to  go  vviierever  they  thouglit  proper. 
As  the  local  laws  of  Bermuda  did  not  permit  of 
tlieir  settling  there,  until  opportutiities  ov?ere/t  of 
tlicir  being  sent  to  Halifax,  tiiLy  and  their  -r^-.-milies 
were  m.dntaincd  at  the  public  expcncc.  f.nd  those 
who  performed  any  work  were  rtgwlxvly  paid  for 
tlie  same.  ' ?' 

As  I  am  confident  you  v.'diild"  nr-'i  liave  as.ierted 
w  .at  you  did,  witliout  you  had  considered  vourself 
authorised  to  do  so,  I  cannot  do'ibt  of  your  readi- 
ness to  acquaint  me  with  the  jiarticulars  to  which 
yoiu'  letter  related,  and  t'lie  antiiorities  you.  quote; 
should  you  think  proper  to'  favor  me  v/itli  tiiese, 
I  pledge  myself,  eitlier  to  disprove  every  part 
th.eri--uf,  or  to  bring  ihe  gwilty  parties  to  punish- 
ment. 

If  your  informants  !iad  lieen  acr;uainted  v.'ith  tiie 
regulations  that  have  been  establislied  in  ;di  th.e 
British  West  India  islands  since  the  abolition  ofthc 
slave  trade,  tiiey  would  have  known  the  total  im- 
possiJjilily  of  introcluciug  slaves  into  any  of  them 
in  the  manner  they  state;  tlie  public  autticrities 
could  not  have  jicrmitted  tlie  flagrant  acts  of  injtis- 
tice  to  have  obtained  wliicii  liave  been  imputed  to 
tiiose  who  profes.s'etl  to  be  the  deliverers  of  tlie  ne- 
groes upon  tiieir  quitting  the  American  shores. 

I  ha'i'e  sent  tliis  letter  b\- a  sliip  of  war  to  liamp- 
ton  Roads,  t!ie  commander  of  which  has  my  instruc- 
tions to  wait  your  an  iv.-er.  I  will  ende.ivor  to  send 
a  duplicate  by  post;  having-  by  a  hatie -^esp.atch  from 


81^     NILES^  WEEKLY  REGISTER -SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  181-5 


En^Lind  I'cccivcd  sircib.r  information  to  that  con- 
tained in  your  letter  to  the  Commissicncrs  vX  Client 
(which  I  "presume  had  been  sent  to  the,  Sritish  tyo- 
vernnieiit  froiu  thenct)  it  makes  it  of  moment  that 
1  should  be  put  in  possession  of  all  the  f;icts,  that 
the  investig-ation  may  be  proceeded  on  before  the 
Kcpiiration  of  tlie  fleet  takes  place  in  conseq^uence 
of  the  peace. 

I  ha\'e  the  honar  to  be,  air,  your  most  obedient, 
lunnble  servant, 

(Srgnied)  AI.EXR.  COCHRANE. 

The  hon.  James  JyToJiroe,  aceref/iry  of  xtflte^ 

cr'f.  SJc.  United  States  of  ^irycri'ca. 

From  the  J\\itlonal  lu'cUigencerf  June  24, 1815. 

Wiien,  the  oiher  day,  we  h;'.d  in  hand  the  sub- 
ject of  the  captured  slaves,  we  admlttecl,  because 
we  knew  of  no  C^ct  to  the  contrary,  that  slaves  cap- 
tured on  the  high  se:;B  mig'ht  not  be  subject  to 
Gon:len"ination  ;.::;  jirnpc-rty  in  the  British  admiralty 
Cv)ur,ts.  Since  the  piiulication  of  owr  remarlco  on 
this  iiead,  we  l.'ave  been  oblin;ing-ly  put  in  posses- 
sion, from  a  source  entirely  to  be  relied  on,  of  the 
followin;:^  brief  narrative;  which  at  once  convinces 
us  of  our  error,  and  establishes  the  fact,  that  slaves 
Jjave  been  subjected  to  condemnation  in  British 
prize  courts,  tlie  authority  of  JMr.  attorney-general 
Wyily   to  tiie  contrary  notwitlistandins!;-. 

in  'J)ec ember,  IS] 2^  a  merchant  of  Norfolk  sent 
r..  schooner  to  the  West  Indies,  on  board  of  which 
he  liadfivc  neg-ro  slaves,  part  of  the  crew.  She 
nri'ived  safely  imder  the  guns  of  the  forts  of  St.  J:i- 
go  de  Cuba,  when  the  boats  of  the  British  brig'  Rho- 
dian  were  suffered  to  board  her  witliout  opposition 
from  the  Spanish  batteries,  and  carry  licr  to  Kings- 
ton in  Jamaica,  where  the  vessel  and  carg"o,  and 
tlie  slaves,  wci*.  condaimied  as  prize  to  the  king-, 
und  sold  as  such.  The  friend,  at  Kir.g'ston,  of  the 
inercliant  of  Norfolk,  purchased  ip.  these  slaves, 
v.'ith  the  view  of  retiu'ning'  them  to  him,  for  the 
sum.  of  fjl650. 

A  copy  of  th,e  decree  of  the  court  in  this  case  is 
subjcincd.  It  is  conclusive  as  to  the  fact  of  con- 
demnation of  capttired  slaves,  and,  bein>j  from  an 
oflJcial  soiu'ce,  will,  we  presume,  at  once  silence 
tliose  jjrints  here,  that  have  taken  the  British  side 
of  this  question.  In  t!ie  following-  document,  we 
find  the  auliioriiy  of  the  vice-udjtiiraltii  ci>}irt  mid  hi x 
JiritanrAc  majesty's  advocate  general  of  Javiaica  ar- 
raved  against  that  of  his  majesty^s  a'lvocate  ayul pro- 
curator-general  of  JVussau.  We  have  authenticated 
facts  ag-alnst  loose  and  g-eneral  assertions.  It  is 
ntovE!)  that  sl(ir::s  captured  fiom  us  diiring-  tlie 
war,  on  the  h;g-h  se.as  (or  rath er  on  neutral  territo- 
ry) iiave  been  condemned  and  sold  in  the  litest  In- 
dies— and  the  inference  is  strong,  if  not  irresisti- 
ble, that  slaves  taken  from  our  sjiores  jiave  sljared 
the  same  fate. 

DOCCniEVrTAnY    PBOOF. 

,1t  a  court  cf  ijice-ad'iniraltii  held  in  the  toiun  of  Saint 

Jago  de  la  Vega,  on  Tuesday  the  thirty-firat  day  of 

.riiigvM,  1813,    before    the  iionoruble    Ji/^iry    John 

JL'iichliffe,  esquire,  jitdgo  and  comviirsary   of  vaid 

c:.urt. 
Sciiooner  \Vii,iieli:in"Aj  > 

Reynolds,  master.  S     Our  sovcrcig-n  lord  the' dies;  and  that  he  believed    this    to    be  a  common 

king-  ag-uinst  the  schooner  Wclhehnina  and  goods '  practice.  As  both  the  name  of  the  deponent  and 
and  slaves,  seiiied  and  taken  by  his  majesty's  b^-jg-i  of  ttie  vessel  were  na.med  in  the  affidavit,  he  had 
ithodian,  John  Gcorjje  Boss,  cscjuiie,  c'orciaander,  |  been  directed  by  lord  Bathurst  to  institute  the 
j;nd  brought  into  the  harbor  of  Kimj-ston,  in  this  I  most  accurate  enquiry  in  America,  and  from  the  re- 
island  of  Jamaica,  and  .-!g-!iinst  Barnard  O'Hara  and  (  ported  purcliaser  of  1  he  slave.     The   enquiries  had 

Achilles  Auffroy,    the  claimants    thereof. This  (not  yet  been  ansv.cre.l,  but  he  earnestly  hoped  that 

caiise  cominp:  on  to  be  hoard  on  the  former  pro- 1  the  season  woidd  not  expire  before  tlie  most  satis-. 
reeding-s  had  in  the  ss,ld  cause,  the  time  allowed'  the  factory  cxplanaticis  on  thitf  tkUcatc  business  slipul^ 
cliimanti  thercii^  to  ?.id';rei.  farther  proof  by  thdbp  r'.cc-iyfd. 


decree  of  this  honorable  court,  made  on  the  ele- 
venth day  of  February  last,  having'  expired,  and  no 
further  proof  being'  made,  the  judge,  £it  petition 
of  Marston,  and  on  motion  of  his  majes\y's  advo- 
cate g-eneral,  and  on  reading-  the  allegation  and 
proofs  in  the  said  cause  pronounced  ag-aiiist  the 
said  schooner  Wilhelmina,  (v,-hcreof  David  Au- 
gustvis  Reynolds  was  master)  and  goods  and 
slaves  on  board  her,  to  have  belonged  at  the 
time  of  the  capture  and  seizure  thereof,  to  enemies 
of  the  crov/n  of  Great  Britain,  and,  as  such  or  other- 
wise, subject  and  liable  to  confiscation,  and  by  iu" 
terlccutory  decree,  condemned  the  said  vessel  and 
cargo  as  good  and  lawful  prize,  taken  and  seized  by 
his  mujesty'a  said  brig  Rhodian,  John  George  Boss, 
esquire,  commander,  and  condemned  the  said  slaves 
as  good  and  lawful  prize  to  our  sovereign  lord  the 
king  Jure  Coronx;  and  the  ju<lge  by  further  inter- 
locutory at  the  petition  of  the  proctor  for  the  cap- 
tors, decreed  that  the  said  claimants  do  forthwith 
bring  Into  the  registry  the  sum  of  three  thousand 
ahd  ninety -one  pounds,  currency,  being  tlie  amotmt 
of  the  stipulation  bond  entered  into  by  them  to  an- 
swer the  adjudication  thereof  in  this  honorable 
court,  the  said  vessel,  cargo  and  slaves  having  been 
delivered  over  to  them  on  bail,  pursuant  to  the  de- 
cree df  this  honorable  coiu-t,  pronounced  in  the; 
said  cause  on  the  eleventh  day  of  February  last, 
and  thereupon  that  the  said  stipulation  band  be 
cancelled. 

By  the  court,       ADN.  DOLMAGE,  Dep.  Reg. 

From  the  London  Courier,  of  June  2,  1815. 

House  or  Cojoioxs.  Mr.  Horner  referred  to  a 
question  v,'hich  he  had  {brmerly  put  to  the  other 
side  of  the  house,  respecting  a  charge  deliberate- 
ly !)rought  against  tjiis  country  by  the  American 
commissioners  at  Ghent.  He  wished  to  know  what 
degree  of  credit  ought  to  be  attached  to  the  asser- 
tion that  a  British  ufticer  had  been  guilty  of  seiz- 
ing and  afterwards  selling  s!  ivcs  in  the  West  In- 
dies. The  American  government  had,  lie  under- 
stood, offered  proofs  of  the  transaction,  and  he 
shotUdbehappy  to  learn  now,  what  had  appeared 
to  color  or  corroborate  them  in  tlte  course  of  the 
negociation. 

INIr.  Gouiburn  said  he  was  perfectly  willing  to  af- 
ford explanation,  and  such  an  one  as  he  hoped 
would  prove  satisfactory  to  the  house.  Tlie'chargc 
ip  questiqn  was  contahied  in  the  instructions  of  tlits 
American  ministers:  and  it  was  evidently  of  so  se- 
rious a  nature,  that  it  was  impossible  any  hesita- 
tion or  delay  should  be  evinced  hi  lu-ging  the  ne- 
cessary investigation.  V/ith  this  view  a  demand 
has  been  made,  that  the  American  commissioner.'-. 
Mould  produce  their  evidence.  This,  however,  it 
v/as  replied,  was  not  consistent  with  their  instruc- 
tions, but  th.at  they  had  no  reluctance  to  submit  to 
him  (Mr.  (;;,>iilburn)  as  a  private  indi\idual,  the 
amount  of  tlie  information  they  had  received.  The 
elfectof  this  was,  that  a  person,  u  prisoner  in  one 
of  the  harbors  of  \irgin)a,  had  made  an  affidavit 
that  a  vessel  had  entered  that  harbor  to  which  ^ 
.■lave  had  been  sold  lor  a  given  sum  of  money,  wJiiGh 
.■,la^  e  had  been  afterwards  re-sold  in  the  ^\'est  In- 


NILES*  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NAVAL  REGISTER. 


85 


Naval  Register.  ! 

*RISTKD  BY  OHDER  THE  SKCUETARY  OF  TSIi  :iTATY.       | 

Au^nat  1st,  1815.  { 


Ifanietcnd  Rankt. 


CAPTAINS. 
Alexander  Murray 
JohD  Rodscrs 

Jame«  Barron 

"William  Bainbridge 

Hugh  Q.  CampheU 
Stejihen  Decatuf 

Tfeomas  Tinsey 

Cliarli  9  Stewarc 

Iwac  Hull 

Isaac  Cliauncey 

Joliu  Shaw 

.John  Smith  [since  4e?te»ec] 

Jehu  H.  Dent 

David  Porter 

J.ilin  Cassin 
Samuel  Evarn 
Charles  Gordon 

,Jaeob  Jone» 

Charles  Morris 

Joseph  Tarljell  No.  1 

Arthur  Siticliiir  Nj.  2 

Oliver  H  zard  Perry 
Thoinu'.  Macdouougli 
JUewis  Waniiigluu 
Jbse(ih  Baiiibiiilge 
V/ilUain  dan;; 
Juhnstoii  Blakeley 
J^inies   T.  Li-onaru 
James  Biudle  No,    1 

Cliarli  s  G.  Hifls-ly  Ni>.  -^ 
Robtrt  T.  Si>'-iice  No.  3 
Daniel  T.  Patterson  No.  .1 
MASTER  co>i:.ia:-;da>ts. 

Sviiiiiitl  AriEfUS  No.    4 

J.M.r.WojUcy  No. 

J.  Or'le  Creiglilon  No.    9 

j:;lwarJ  Trcnchard  No.  10 

John  Dow;ies  No.  II 

.lohii  1>.  H.-nley  No.  1 1 

/esse  1).  Klliot  No.  15 
llobtrt  H  idey 
St(.-I)heii  C:issill 

DaMiil  S.  Drxur  No.    1 

James  Kenshaw  N.r    2 

David  0..'aci)U  No.    3 

L'Avis  .'Viexis  N«.    4 

Ivlicli-.iel  B.  Carroll  No.    I 

John  M.  Gardner  No.   2 
>iidnpy  .Sinilli 
U'hoiiias  Brjwn 
V/illiain  Lewis 

LIECTSyAXTS. 
Nathnniel  Haraden 
Kraiuis  I.  Mitchell 
Georije  Mcnill 
Samuel  V/oudtiouse 
r.harh  s  C.  B.  Thompson 
tfoiepli  Nicholsim 
Alexaunec  S.  VTadswonh 
John  Petii>;iew 
Georffe  W.  KodgLTS 
Gtorgi-  C.  Resi.l 
Henry  E.  n«ll;,i-d 

I  humas  Gamble 
"William  Carter.  Jr. 
Benedii:t  I.N.ale  No.2 

Joseph  I.  N.cliolson  No.  3 
"Walter  Sti-« ait  No.  J 

"Wdlc.itt  Cliauneey 
John  II.  W.ton 
I'VJmtind  P.  Kennedy 
Jessi."  VV"irKiov)n 
Alexander  J.  Dallas 
John  B.  Nicholson 
Brektniiii  V.  JloiSiian 
Gcort;el>iidd 
Thomas  A,  C.  .hmes 
Joseph  S, Macpherson 
John  Porter 

JjUb  T,  5huljvick 


Dalfs  of 

Commissions. 


1  Jiilv, 
5  Jlakb, 

42  May, 


1798 

i7'jy 


20  do. 


laoo 


V6  0ct. 

— 

10  Feb. 

1804 

■23  Nov. 



2   Vpril, 

1806 

23    do. 

— 

21    do. 

— 

27  Aug. 

1807 

29  Oct. 

1810 

29    DrC. 

13:1 

2  July, 

l,81i 

3  do 

— 

4Julv, 

— 

-2  Marsh 

,  1313 

3   do  — 

5    do  — 


■24  July, 

24  do 
lOSrpt 
U  <1.) 

22  Nov. 

23  do 
lA  do 

25  do 

4  Feb. 
28   do 
28   do 
23  do 
28  do 


1814 


1815 


1313 


131- 


1815 


24  July, 
2i  do 
21  do 
24  do 
.;4  do 
24  do 
24  do 

12  All?. 
11  Sept. 
Id  Dec. 
10  do 
10  do 
10  do 

4  Feb. 

4  do  — 

28  do  — 

1  March,   — 

3  do  — 

31  March,  130; 
l8  1''eu.  1S09 
3j  .^jjiil, 

4  M:r, 
15  <io 
IS  June, 
21  April, 
il  di> 

24  do 

25  do 
2/,  do 
2?  ilo 
2a  do 

4  June, 
4  do 
4  do 

7  do 

8  do 

9  do 
10  do 

13  do 
20  Mar, 
.  I  do  ■ 

3  do 

24  do 
2<i  do 
27  do 

25  dj 


lf„0 


1812 


fffiere  Stationed 


Navy  Yaitl,  Phila»l. 

President  of  the  Navy 
Doaid,  Washington. 

.•Vbseiit  trom  the  U.  S. 
—Not  on  duty. 

Independence  74,  Me- 
diterranean 

Cbavleslon,S.  C. 

Frigate  Guerriere,  Me- 
diterranean 

Navy  YHrd.Washington 

Furi.  June  -6,  1815 

Charlestown,  Mass. 

Wssliingtoii  "4. 

Frigate  "U.  States" 

Franklin  74 

NeAvpovt,  K.  I. 

Commissionerof  the  N 
Board,  Washington 

Navy  Yard,  Gospcrt,  Va 

Navy  Yard, New  York 

Frigate     Coiiitcllatloii, 
Mediterranean 

Frigate      Macedonian, 
Meditcrrauenn 

Frigate  Coneress,  JMe- 
di  terra  nesiu 

Noifoik,  Va. 

Lake  Erie 

Frigate  Java 

Portsmouth.  N.  H. 

Sloop  P.aeoek 

S  aten  IJand  N.  Y. 

Indepeiidense  74 

Sioop  Waip 

Lak,  tbanplaia 

Sloop  Hornet 

Sloop  Krie 

Baltimore  Navy  Yard 

New-Orleans 

New  York,  recruiting 
Lake  Ontario 
N.  wp„rt,  It.  L 
Corvctttj  John  Adams 
itiig  Epervier 
Baltiiuoie,  recruiting 
Sioop  Oiit.irio 
Washington 
Furl.  March  10, 1315 
WaJiiL,gtoa 
N'ew-York  Navy  Yard 
Boston,  leernitinjj 
Vew -Orleans 
Ditto 

XoilMk,  Va 
Plaltshmg,  N.y. 
Philad.  recruiting 
Fri^.Gueiricre.  Medlt- 

VVashing-tnn  Na^•y  Yard 

Fuil.JuiieS,  1315 

Ncw-Oileaiis 

Lake  Kiie 

Pl,il:delpli)a 

Newport,  H.  I. 

Brig  ProuieiheUJ 

Washington  7  4 

BrigFir^«y,Medit. 

Bri(5  Chi  ppewa,  Medit. 

BaUiinufc 

Brig  S[>ark.  Medit 

Frigate  Mact  duiiian 

Friicate  Constellation 

I'hiladrlphia 

Sliip  iVli  rt 

Sehr.  Torch,  Medit. 

ting  Saraiiae,  Medit 

Norfolk,  Va. 

Wasliington 

■ichr.  Spitfire,  Jtedit 

BiigFlauibcau,  .Medit. 

C\aoe 

Fiul.  May29,  ISK 

Full.  July  13,  18;  j 

Fiigat  •  Java 

liiijT  Hoxer,  Medit 

Frigate  Ouerriere 


ycwej  and  Han.':. 


LIEtTTF.XANTS. 
Willi.'xm  Finch 
William  B.  SImbrick 
Henr>  Wells 
Benjamin  W.  Booth 
Alexander  Claxton 
KiiosR.  Da\is 
Charles  W.  Morgan 
Samuel  P.  Maecmber 
Raymond  H.J.  Pi  rry 
Lawrence  K-ai-ney 
William  H.  Watson 
Thomas  Hendry,  Jr. 
Foxall  A.  Parker 
Edward  K.  M-Call 
Daniel  Turner 
Wm.  H.  Allen  No, 

Step.  D.  M-Knight  No, 
David  Connor  No, 

John  Gallagher  No. 

Thomas  Holdup  No 

James  A.  Dudley  No, 

James  P.  Oellers  No, 

VVm.  M.  Hunter  No 

John  D.  Sloat  No. 

John  Packett  No. 

Wm.  H.  Cocke  No. 

John  J.  Yarnell  No. 

Matthew  C.  P.  rry  No. 
Chas.  W.  Skinner  No. 
Joseph  WrHgg  No. 

James  .Sandei^s  No. 

James  R'illy  No. 

Samnil  W.  Adafns  No. 
John  R.  Madison  No. 
Dugomier  Taylor  No. 
Georgi-  Peiirce  No. 

Fredk.  W.  Smith  No. 
Hy.  S.  Newtomb  No. 
Ni.  D.  Nicholson  No. 
Tlios.  Tillii.ghast  No. 
Otho  Norris  No. 

John  T,  N  wton  No. 

V.  A.  J.  P.  J,>nes  No. 
S:)     uel  Henley  No. 

Augs.  Conckii:ig  No. 
J'lseiih  Smith  No. 

Lauixiice  Itoussenu  No. 
George  W.  htorer  No. 
Hi  my  B.  Rapp  No. 

Lewis  German  No. 

Joseph  Casbiii  N". 

Robi  rt  M.  Rose  No. 

B'  vtrly  K-  iiuon         No. 
Kdward  Shut-.riek 
Charles  A.  Budd 
Francis  H.  Gregory 
Kervin  Wat  rs 
William  H.  Oitenhelmcr 
Edward  Barnewall 
John  M.  Maur)  j 
Frederick  Baury 
n.-njamin  Cooper 
Philip  F.  Vooihees 
Hmry  Gilliam 
John  H.  Clack 
Wiiliaiii  D.  Salter 
WilliaiTi  A.  Spencer 
William  L.  Gordim 
David  Gtising.  r 
Uicliard  Winter 
John  1'.  Wade 
John  Percival 
James  Ilamago 
William  V.  'I'aylor 
Merviiie  Mix 
Tliomas  M.  Nfwell 
EdAvaid  Kaddawav 
Charles  F.  IM'Cawley 
.lidi.i  H.  Deli 
Dulany  Forrest 
Bladen  Dular.y 
'I'lioiiiHs  Vv'.  Magruder 
Francis  B.  Gambio 
Kieliard  Dashiel 
.lohn   Tavloe 
George  B.  M'CiiIIoch 
Rob:  rt  S|iei'd  n 
Iho  i.as  T.  Wrhh 
^^■a;ter  a.  Anderson 
Stephen  Cliamplin 
Charles  T.  Siallii.gj 


f 

Votes 

of     1 

■  Commissions, 

4  Jan.  1313 

5 

do 

*. 

6 

do 

_ 

7 

do 

— 

8 

do 

— 

10 

do 

— 

3 

March 

4 

do 



5 

do 

— 

6 

do 

— 

7 

do 

— 

8 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

11 

do 

— 

12 

do 

— 

.  il24  July 

.2  24 

do 

— 

.3 

24 

do 

— 

.  4 

24 

do 

— 

.  .i 

24 

do 

— 

.  7 

24 

do 



.  S 

A 

do 

... 

.  9 

24 

do 

— 

10 

24 

do 



11 

4 

d« 

_ 

1 

24 

do 

— 

13 

24 

do 

— 

14 

24 

do 



15 

24 

do 

— 

1  -  ;24 

do 

_- 

17;5!4 

do 

— 

13  24 

do 

— 

19  :4 

do 



21  2i 

do 

_ 

22  24 

do 

— 

23  24 

do 



24  2' 

do 



25  24 

do 

— 

.6  24 

do 

— 

27  24 

do 



■29  24 

do 

_ 

3"  »4 

do 

— 

31  a^ 

do 

— 

y^'ZA 

do 

_ 

3.-  24 

do 

— 

34     4 

dn 

— 

3rt  24 

do 



37  24 

do 

— 

40,24 

do 

— 

4l)   4 

do 

— 

42 

24 

do 

— 

43 

24 

do 

— 

44 

24 

do 

— 

9  Oct. 

13 

hine. 

1814 

-.8 

do 

— 

"!0 

do 

— 

Hfl  July 

22 

<lo 

— 

9  Dec. 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

0 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

0 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

Cj 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

p 

do 

— 

9 

<!o 

-. 

9 

do 

— 

iJ 

do 

-- 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

0 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

0 

do 

— 

<) 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

9 

do 

— 

0 

.!o 

— 

9 

do 



9 

do 

— 

li'hsrs  Stationed, 


Independence  74 
Frigate  Cwistitiitioo 
Boston 

FrisTEte  "U.  States" 
Ditto 

New  York  Navy  YaiB 
Franklin  74 
Frigate  Guerriere 
Newport,  R.  I. 
Brig  Enterprizji 
Alexandria 
Woodbury,  N.  J. 
Frigate  "-U.  States'' 
Frigate  Java 
Ditto 

Brig  Fland)cau 
Not  in  the  U.S.  on  dulS 
Sloop  Hornet 
Frigate  Congress 
Fr-gate  Java 
ind;pendf-nce74 
Furl.  March  4,  1815 
Independence  74 
Furl.  March  16,  18 IS 
Fur!.  April25,      — 
Brig  Spark 
Frigate  Ciuerriere 
Brig  Cl.ippewa 
Sloop  Ontario 
Ship  AKrt 
rraiiklii,  74 
Sloop  Wiisj) 
Lak    Oiir-ji-jo 
Frigate  Congress 
Frigate  Java 
Washington  74 
Sloop  Ontario 
I'av)   F- ■.•iiary23, 1315 
UM:gland* 
[Sloo])  Waso 
jWasirniffor,  74 
Sloop  H-^nict 
Boston 
SioO!)  P.   „.^ijj 

Knglar.dt 

Irrigate  Constellation 

?loo,.  F.i-;.- 

lndtporidtnce74 

Frigate  Guerriere 

F.m,'Iand.t 

Frigate  ConstPllatJon 

Lurie  Plymouth,  Va.' 

Frigate  Cousttllatioii 

Furl.  May -JO.  iSis 

LakeChamplain 

Frigate  Congress 

PoNlai,d.  Muss. 

Furl,  FeLniarv  25,1816 

Brig  Epirvier 

Ditto 

Sloop  AVasp 

Franklin  74 

Sloop^Pi-aeock 

Brig  Fiambeau 

FrigiT,-  Congress 

Brig  Proontheus 

Frigate  Macedonian 

F.oglaiid[l 

Brig  Fir.  (ly 

FriqateCoiistituiion 

Furl.  March  10,  ISlS 

Si  if,p     P^BCiok 

Fur!   F.!iriijiy  28,1815 
File'atc  Java 
loig  Firi-liy 
-:a\aiii,ah 
Si.  MKiiael's.  Md. 
Sloop  Erie 
Ditto 

I  Frigate  Java 
Selir.  Spitliic 
Frigate-  "U.  States" 
Frigate  Macedonian 
EiiKla.,!-:^ 

Fr  gate  Cimsfitiuin;; 
Frigate "U.  States" 
liaitimore 

Frinate  Macedonian 
Norfolk.  V», 
.•JrigCliipiicwa 
Fric^ate  Constellat'ioi, 


Charles  T.  Siallii.gj  9    do      —        Fric^ate  Constellat'ioi, 

»Ca]>tured  hi  the  hrig  S>rni.  tCaptuifd  on  I  rk^  Erie.  ICm  - 
tnrtd  in  the  brig  Sjreii.  flhenlaiive  rai;k  oltLosi  oMice-.s  wl"r-o 
cnnjniissionsareda\ed  the  9ih  Decimher,  ISI4,  has  not  been  cm;  '^ 
•i-liti).  I'Cani'U-edintheSyreJt.  liCaniiiitd  in -a  prize  to  the  E-j^r 


156     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  1815, 


Jiumes  and  Rank. 


LIKUTF.N'AJfTS. 

James  MGowan 

William  Lowe 

¥..  A.  F,  Vallette 

John  H,  Aiilicli 

Charles  T.  CJarkC 

Silas  Duncan 

Thomas  I'mimngham 

Jsaac  RMvcever 

Kohert  ¥.  Stockton 

IS'athrtiiiel  L.  Moiit^omeey 

Walter  N.  Monteati 

A.  C.  Stout 

Silar  H.  Sdiiigliam 

GtuiRe  Vaiideavii 
Paul  Zant/i:ic>;<"r 
John  W.  Gihlis 
Johi!   1'.  Di-ury 
Chai-les  £.  Crowley 
"VVillian  I^auijhlou 
Nelsoa  WfbsttT 
WilliHiu  A.  C.  Farnicjut 
BieOiaid  CS.  KilwanU 
William   Meivin 
WilKam  K.  Latimer 
Guitavns  W.  Spooner 
Isaue  M:!y:) 
William  n.  BvailsfQrd 
William  FJliott 
Thomas  C'lah!) 
ICdwanl  D.  Babbit 
George  Hamersley 

RU'ir.r.ONS, 
Edwavd  Cutbusli 
Peter  St.  M-dani 
Gfoiijp  Duvis 
Samiirl  11,  Marshall 
Lewis  Mcerinan 
Joseph  G.  P.  Hunt 
Jonathan  Cowtlei-y 
Saintiel  D.  Htap 
RoliiTt  L.  Thoru 
Samuel  It.   Tievet,  jr. 
William  P.  C.  Barton 
Joseph  W.  New 
Josejjh  S.  S.  hoolfield 
George  Logan 
Amos  A.  Evans 
Robert  Monvll 
Robeit  S.  Kearney 
Jiemes  Pii[^e 
John  D.  M' Reynolds 
Thomas  Harris 
Williani  Tiirl: 
Hyde  Uay 
William  Haldwin 
Wr.  W.  Buchanan 
Sxnmil  Aver 
K.  L.  Lawton 
Charles  Cotton 
Gi-rard  Dayirs 
William  Caton 
Robert  A.  liarton 
Benj.  P.  Kissam 
John  A.  Ki-arney 
Richard  C.  Kd^hr 
Bailey  Wasliiiigton 
AViii.'M.  Clarke 
Thonins  Cliidester 
James  Inderwicke 
George  'I'.  Ivcinioa 
Walter  W.  New 
Samuel   Horsley 
Robert  C.  i<am'iul|)h 
■Charles  U,  Hamilton 
ijNIier  Parsons 
~\V'illiam  Swift 
Jnsephiis  M.  S.  O.  Conway 
Richard  K.  IIofFirian 
Richmond  Johnson 
TiioMias  B.  Saltar 

sc7M(,- box's   >rATi;s. 
'.ToImi  Harrison 
StithL'wij 
Gustavus  K.  Brown 
Thomas  A.  C.  Vanwvck 
Manuel  Philiiis 
William  Haru'.vell 
William  H^it 
Donaldson  Veates 
John  D.  AraiStrong 
William  C.  Wliiuttsey 
J'ttev  Chrisiie 
John  Toniig,  jr. 
Samuel  Jackson 


No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  ?■ 

No.  4 

No.    ; 

No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No.  11 
No.  13 
No.  11 
N«.  15 
No.  Ifi 
No.  17 
No.  IH 
No.  19 


Dates  of 
Commisswns. 


Dec. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Feb. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Ao 

do 

May, 

do 


1814 


Where  Stationed. 


1815 


1799 


21  June, 
14  July 

22  do 
16  Ian. 
27  Nov. 
27    do 
27    do 
27     do 

3  March,  1809 

3  do 
j3  April,      - 
la  June, 

do 
14  April, 
2'     do" 
3 1  May, 
2S  July, 

5  March,  1811 

2  Oct. 

G  July, 

4  do 


Brig  Enterprlze 
Brig  Sarauac 
Furl.  April  10,  ISIS 
Brig  iaranac 
Brig  Boxer 
Frigate  Guertiere 
New  Orleans 

Ditto 
Schooner  Spitfire 
Mediterranean 
Furl.  May  22,  1815 
Lake  Krie 
Brig  Spark 
Frigate  Macedonian 
Rrig  Firefly 
Furl.  April  i7,  1815 
Brig  Epervkr 
Boston 

Schooner  Nonsuch 
Sloop  Ontario 
Furl.  April     7,  1815 
Furl.  March  l^,  1814 
Lake  Ontario 
Sloop  Erie 
Washington  74 
Sloop  Hornet 
Independence  7-1 
Schooner  Torch 
Corvette  John  Adanu 
Independence  74 
Brig  Saranac 


Names  and  Rank. 


Dates  of 
Conmiisiiuns. 


SURGEON  S    MATES. 

Andrew  B.  Cook  21  Dec. 

James  C.  Garrison  S2     do 

E.JU.  Morrison  No.   2  24  July, 

Horatio  S.  Waring    No.    3]24    do 
John  H.  Gordon,  act- 
ing surgeon  No.    5 
Samuel  M.  Kissam     No.    6 
Leonard  Osborne        No.    7 
riios.  Willia.Tison      No 
John  Dix  No.  10 
Thomas  Sprague        No.  13 
Benj.  Austin,  jr.          No.  li 
Thomas  Cadle            N'o.  16 
Leuco  Mit'hel            No.  17 
Silas  D.Wickes         No.  18 
Isaac  Baldwin,  jr.      No.  .9 
Wilmot  F.  Rogers     No.  20 
Thomas  Rogersoa 
George  S.  Sproston 
John  C.  Richardson 
John  W.  Peaco 
Archimede-  Smith 
AU'xauder   M,  Montgomery 
Oliver  Le  Chevalier 
William  Butler 
Thomas  M'Kissock 
John  Wise 

Thomas  I.  H.  Cashing 
John  H.  Steel 
S.  B.  Whitlinglon 
Francis  Gereish 
Edward  Woodwaitlj 
Benjamin  A.  Wells 


24 

24 

4 

9  24 
24 
24 
24 
24 
24 
.'4 
24 
24 


do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Hospital,  Waslungtcm  '^^^  -  -- .^^ 

v!!.  V  .1  William  D.  Conway 

isfiolu      ■;      >T  ,.,  v^,.i,       James  N.  Turnstale 
SOQiHosp,  a,Ne.w.\ork  .     ^    .^ 

181<i  Uo^^ual   New-Orleans  j^^^^^^^  (..  Wardle 

v'Tib    V-  „•   •  |Ja"'es  Norris 

Norlolk   Vngima  I'rhomas  C.  Gaitlner 

Hospital,  Philadelphia 

Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

Cliarlestow'ii,  Mass. 

Philadelidiia 

Savannah,  Georgia 

llospilal,  NorTolli,  V^. 

Hospital,  Charl'  St  <u 


1310 


181 

1813 


24 
24 
34 
24 
i4 

4 
24 
21 
.'4 
24 
24 
24 

4 
24 
24 
24 
24 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
da 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


I   6  Oct. 
f  /i  April,    1S14 
'l5     do 
5    do 

15     do 

IS     do 

27  June, 

llj  July 


Independence  74 
New-Orleans 
Frigate  "U.  States" 
Hosjutal,  Baltimme 
Hos.  Mediterranean 
Frigate  Mactdpniau 
New  York 
Sloop  Erie 
S.ivaiiiiah 
Lake  Ontjirio 
Portland 
Ntptune 
Newport,  R.  I. 
Frigate  Congress 
Lake  Champlaiii 
Sloop  Ojil.uio 
Sloop  Hornet 
Frigate  Cmisiitution 
Furl.  May  ^9,  1815 
Washington  74 
Sloop  Wasp 
Schooner  Hntcrprize 
I5ng  Epervier 
Kiigate  Constellalion 
Corfette  Joliii  Adams 
Georgetown,  Dis.  Col. 
Brig  Saranac 
Slo«p  Peacock 
P'rigate  Java 


England' 
New  Orleans 
Frigate  Guerriere 

1  Mart!:,  1815J  Brig  Boxer 

2  May,       -      Elizahctii  Town,  N. 


William  F.  Bradbury 
Beuajah  'I'ickner 
William  P.  Jones 
Thomas  G.  Peatljy 
John  Mairs 
lohii  M  Adam 
John  S.  jMershon 
Charles  Chase 
'Thomas  V.   VViesenthal 
Georfje  B.  Doane 
Amos  King 
Pliny  Morton 
Benjamin  S.  Tyler 
Nathaniel  Miller 
William  Burchmnre 
Solomon  D.   Towiisend 
Kichard  Derby,  jr. 
John  R.  Mariiu,aei.  surgeon: 
James  R.  Boyce,  acting  sur- 
geon's mate  ijo  Jan. 
David  H.  Eraser, acting  sur. 


25  Oct. 

8 

Nov. 

17 

May, 

23  June, 

5  Julv, 

Ifi 

do 

10  Dec. 

0 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

t 

10 

10 

d.. 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

du 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

10 

do 

6 

Jan. 

10 

do 

3 

Mav, 

3 

do 

g 

do 

la  Jan-       1305  Hospital,  Washington 
2J     du        1809  I'r^'si-Jeiit,  July  1811 
1  Marcb,   -      Lake  Chiin|)iain 

-     IConstitulion  Mar.  1309 
Furl.  June  22,  1 811 
New-York 
Fori.  July  24,  1815 
Eastern  Shore,  MJ. 
Schooner  Helen 
Frigate  Constellatioa 
.MiJdlrtowii,  Con. 
Brig  Torch 
Hospital,  ^'e'.v  Vork 


3    do 

_ 

18  Julv 

- 

18     do 

JSIO 

,'3  Sri.t. 

18   1 

i4  May, 

1812 

27     do 

- 

8  Julv, 

- 

8     do 

-. 

9     do 

_ 

10     do 

- 

Ca;itu;-cd  in  thi-  Sireu. 


geon's  niate 

I'CRSEns. 
Isaac  Garrestoii 
Clement  S.  Hunt 
(iwinti  Harris 
John  H.  Carr 
Nulhaiiiel  Lyde  ' 
.lames  R.  Wilson 

Samael  Robertson 
Samuel  Hainbleton 
Robert  C.  Ludlow 
Robert  Pottinger 
John  B.  Tiinherlake 
Thomas  I.  Chew 
Thomas  Shields 
Richard  C.  Archer 
Lewis  Deblois 
George  S.  Wise 
^raiicis  A.  Thornton 
Edwin  T.  Satterwhite 
James  M.  Halsry 
Eilward   Fit/.gerald 
Ah-xander  P.  Darragh 
Edward  W.  Turner 
Robert,  Oriosby 
Henry  Dennison 
Ludlow  Dashwond 
William  S.  Rogers 
Henry  Fry 
John  H.  Shaw 
Samuel  P.  Todd 
Natbauitl  W.  RolhWfll 
George  Eeall 
jjames  H-  Clark 
i\ViHiam  P.  Zantziiiger 
Jps'ph  North 


21  Feb. 


25  April, 
25  do 
25  do 
.;5  do 
25  do 
35     do 


do 
do 
do 
do 
du 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Feb. 
do 
do 
Mafch 
do 

24  Julv, 

24  do 
4  do 
4     do- 


1312 


18 


13 


Lake  Ontario 

Ditto 
Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


JVhcre  Stationed.. 


Mediterranean 
Sloop  Hornet 
Brig  FireUy 
Brig  Prometheuj 
Brig  Flambeau 
Fr.  President,Oct.  181S 
Furl.  Juae  13,  1315 
Sloop  Peacock 
Furl.  June  8,  1815 
Brig  Spitfire 
Brig  Epervier 
Sebouner  Nonsuch 
Charleslown,  Mass,. 
Frigate  Congress 
18;,  Lake  Erie 
Sloop  Erie 
L  ake  Erie, 
Brig  Spark 
Frigate  Macedonian 
Hospital  Washington 
Sbawangunk,  N.  Y. 
Kennebunk.  Mass. 
Charlestown,  Mass. 
Frigule  Macedonian 
Sloop  Ontario 
Independence  74 
Fr.  "United  States" 
Piseataway,  Marylatid 
Adams,  Massachusetts 
Baltlniore 

Henderson  co'ty  Ken. 
Fairfax  Courthoiise.Va 
West  Chester  co''ty,NY 
Washington  74 
Frigate  Congress 
Furl.  June  27, 1815 
Sharon,  Con. 
Virginia 
Mediterranean 
New  York 

Northnniberland  cy.Vs 
Princ.'ton  N.  J. 
Washington  74 
Frigate  Java 
Mediterranean 
New  York 
Fr.  "United  States" 
New  Y'ork 
ISjFrigatc  Guerriere 
Frigate  Guerriere 
Washington  74 
Independence  74 
Brig  Chippewa 

Frigate  Constellation 

New  Y'ork 

ISUFurloughcd 
Newport,  R.  I. 
Franklin  74 
Accounting 
Portsmouth  N.  H. 
Absent  from  theU.  S> 

—Not  on  duty 
Norfolk,  Va. 
(Furl.  July  15,  1815 
Independi'nce.j74 
Frigate  Constitution 
New  Y'ork 
Washington  74 
New  Orleans 
Accounting 
Charlesto\vn,  Mass. 
New  York 
Fori.  Nov.  1,  1814 
Not  on  duty 
Frigate  fiuerriere 
Frigate  Java 
Furl.  April  10,  1314 
B.iic  Flambeau 
Fiiri.  July  22,  iSlS 
Washington 
Furl. June  1,  1815 
1813  Frigate  Congress 
Boston 
Acciiuntin^ 
Philadelphia 
Savannah 
Aceounliug 
Fr.  "United  States^ 
Sloop  Hornet 
FrigMe  MaceiSoniaa 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NAVAL  REGflSTER. 


87 


h''a1fiei  and  Rank. 


pcnsEiis. 
.Tbseph  Wilson,  juii. 
Herman  Thorn 
Thoiiia«  Waiiie 
Lt  wis  Faivcliild 
John  S.  Skiniier 
Joseph  K.  Wilkinson 
£zokicl  Solomon 
Bein:imin  F.  Bourne 
Wiliiaiii  Sinclair 
Richard  T.  Tiiiiberlake 
Saiiiuet  Liveijnore 
Matthew  C.  Attwood 
Cieome  K.  S pence 
Mclanotori  W.  Bustwick 
John  N.  Toild 
Tinioihy  Winn 
Williara  M.  Saaifs 
Tiioinas  Breese 
Joseph  H.'Verry,  Act.  Purser 

CHAPLAINS. 
Andrew  Hunter 
David  P.  Adams 
Jfiiin  Cook 
William  H.  BrisCDe 
Colden  Cooper 
CheeTer  Filch 
A.  Y,  Humphreys,  A.  C, 

MIDSaU'MEN. 
A. 
Adams,  James 
Aiiatu,  Kobfrt 
A*  nstronK,  James  A,  L. 
Alexander,  Albert  A. 
Abbot    Walter 
Allison,  Will  am  R. 
Abbot,  Joel 
Aveiy,  George 
AslibridgL',  Joseph  H. 
Adan.s,  Henry  A. 
AncUvws,  Alexr.  M-Kim 
Arn)isteail,  Robert 
Alien,  William  H. 
Alexander,  Nathaniel 
Armstrong,  William  II. 
Abbot,  Thomas  C. 
Adams,  Roderick  R. 

B. 
Bond,  Samuel 
Brow  n,  Tlionias  S. 
Br.jwn,  I.  A.  D. 
B.ny   Win. 
Brc-se,  Samuel  h.  A.  Ix 
Buat'iian,  Charles 
Beit,  Wm.  I. 
Beieiies,  John  A,  A.  L, 
Beii y,  Cl/arles 
Boen^ai,  Wm. 
Barron,  Samuel 
Bryden,  John 
Bu«  yer,  Thomas  H. 
Bryan,  Benjamin 
Eeatty,  Horatio 
liiasheais,  Richard 
Balliii^er,  Franklin 
Baldwin,  Wm. 
Bonneville,  Thomas  N. 
Baker,  'Vorrick 
Bell,  Wm.  H. 
Ball,  Eliphalet 
Eijj'elow,  Abraham 
Eoden,  Wm. 
Benson.  John  C. 
Beck,  Samuel 
Baldwin,  Russell 
Brown,  Thomas  II. 
Eruce,  Henry 
Biihier,  John 
Byrne,  Edmund 
BinI,  John  D. 
Benham,   Timothy  G. 
Brewster,  Benjamin 
Biancli,  Cyrus  A. 
Baiiliolomew,  BeliJAmin 
Barr,  .lames 
Bsbbidi^e,  .lohn  P. 
Boucjaan,  James 
Biieianan,  tfranklin 
Biiiniiridije,  Artliur 
Boarilijy,  John  M. 
Buujuaii,  Jusi'ph 

C. 
Cutler,  Win. 
Chailb-.Wm.H. 
Catc-;.,  Richard  Jr. 
Cross,  Josiph 
Caldwell,  Charlesir.- 


Dnt€^  of 
Commi%sions. 


24  July,      1813 
24     do 
24     do 

24  do 

26  March,  1814 
6  do 
26  do 
2(5  do 
26  do 
2b     do 

25  do 

26  do 
8  April      - 

16  July 
1  March,  1815 

17  May 
20  do 
8  July 


IVher'!  Stationed, 


Brig  Saranac 

Frig.ate  Constelltfrton 

Boston 

Sloop  Wasp 

Accounting 

Brig  Chippewa 

Furl.  June  6,  1815 

Slooj)  Peacock 

Charleston,  S.  C. 

Lake  Erie 

Brig  Spark 

Sloop  Erie 

Sloop  Ontario 

Brig  Rpervier 

Brig  Firefly 

Washington  navy  yard 

Sackctt's  Harbor 

Boston 

Brig  Boxer 


Kames  and  Ranks. 


S  March,  1811  Washington  navy  yard 
10  May         -     I  Franklin  74 
19     do        iSlilNew-York 
1.  July        -      Furl.  Dec.  30,  1812 

i  Airil,    1815  Frigate  Constellation 
12  May        -      Independence  7^ 

Frigate  Constitution 


18091  Furl.  Sept.  24,   1810 

-  Frig.".te  Essex,  1809 

-  Frigate  Co:  >gress 

1811  Sloop  Ontario 

1812  Washington  74 
Gosport,  Va. 

-  Frigate  Congress    • 

-  Frigate  Guerriere 

1813  Furl.  June  5,  i815 


16  Jan. 
1 8  May 
15  Nov. 

1  Sep. 

1  Jan. 

1      do 

1     do 
23     do 
14  Aug, 
14  March,  1814;independence  74 


13  Ain-il 
30  July 
30  Nov. 
.30     do 
3      do 
6  Dec. 


Furl.  Feb.2i,l8lS 
Frigate  Constellation 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 
Frigate  Java 
Frigate  "U.  States" 
Saco,  Massachusetts 


2  March,  ISlSCIiarlcstown,  Mass. 


20  Jan. 

17  Dec. 

17     do 

17     do 

17     do 

9  June, 

I  Sept. 

1     do 

1    do 

1     do 

1  Jan. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
IS  July 
18     do 
18     do 
IH     do 
18     do 
22  Aug. 
U  April, 
17  May 
9  Nov. 
9     do 
9  <lo 
1  Feb. 
'."i  April 
30  Nov. 
30      do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

an. 

do 
Feb. 
7>larcli 


IS 06  Norfolk,  Va. 
ISlolFrigatf  Macedonian 

-  Frigate  "U.  States" 

-  Sloop  Ontario 

-  N'rw-Yoi  k 
1811  Sloop  Erie 

-  Boston 

-  Sloop  Ontario 

-  Fuvl.  May  17,  1315 

-  I  Sloop  Hornet 
iSUiNorlulk,  Va. 

-  'Sntkett's  Harb6r 
Furl.  June  19,  1815 
New-York 
Independence  74 
Brig  Saranac 
Baton  Iio\ige 
Sloop  Peacock 
New-York 

Wash.  N.  Yd.  at  school 
Frigate  Macedonian 
Albany,  N.  Y. 
Brig  Spark 
Furl.  June  13,  1815 

-  I  Furl.  June  7,  1815 
1813  Ship  Nvptune 

-  iNew-York 
Furl.  June  21,  1815 


Dates  of 

CoinmissiuhS 


MIDSHIPMEN. 
Cook,  .John  A. 
Chauncey,  John  S. 
Conover,  Thomas  A. 
Campbell,  Archibald 
Cranston,  Robeit 
Crary,  Lodowick 
Cornwell,  Joseph  S. 
Cuthbert,  Lachlan 
Cocke,  Harrison 
Childs,  Enos 
Curtis,  .Tames  F. 
Cambrelling,  John  P. 
Carter,  Nathaniel  Jr. 
Cooke,  John  Jr. 
Connor,  James 
Cutts,  James 
jCurtis,  Thomas  B. 
iCummings,  John  L. 
Carpenter,  Edward 
Carpenter,  Benjamin 
Channing,  ,Iohn  M. 
Carter,  Hill 
Cutts,  Augustus 
Cottineau,  Herctiles 
Chew,  John  (of  Benjamin) 
Carson,  Robert 
Conyngham,  David 
Cochran,  Joshua  W. 
Cannon,  Joseph  S. 
Caiiipbtll,  James 
Colter,  James       , 
Cunniugbam,  Robert  B. 
Corlis,  Charles 
Collier,  John 

Cutts,  Joseph 
Coxe,  James  S. 
Childs,  Charles  P.. 
Cochrun,  Richai'd 
Cambridge   Wm.  E. 
Crowniiisbield,  .laeob 
Clinton,  James  H. 

D 
Doyle,  Thomas 

De  Hart,  Gosen 

De  Lion,  AIn-aham 

Dowse,  Edward 

Da)  ton,  T.  W.  H. 

Downing,  Samuel  W. 

Dulany,  James  AVillianf 
jDe  Vaux,  Maximilian 

Dunham,  Peleg  K. 

Davis,  Oscar 

Dale,  John  Montgomtry 

Dobbin,  James  H. 

Dennis,  John  jr. 

Daily,  1  homas  W, 

Derby,  Charles  P. 

De  Saussure,  Daniel  S. 

Davis,  Owen 

Downing,  Mahlon  M. 

Domiiiick,  Richard 

Du/.euberry,  Samuel 

Dangerlield,  William 

Dana,  Charles 

De  Wolf,  Francis  L. 

DoiUI.  George  D. 

Davezae,  de  Castera  Gaston 

Delany,  Hugh 

Djson,  Henry 

Dodge,  Edwin  I. 

Doriiiii,  Tliotiias 
K 

Eli,  Guy 

Ivgerioii,  Richard 

Essex,  K.lwin 

Evans,  John 


1  Jan.      1812 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


18  June 

18     do 

18 


irherc  SiGtlfnett 


do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
28  Sept. 

8  Oct. 
10  July, 
lO     do 

9  Nov. 
9  do 
9  do 
9  do 
iFeb, 
1  do 
1  do 
I     do 

26    do 

3  1  Nov. 

0     (Jo 

30    do 

0  do 
30     do 

rt  Dec. 
10  Jan. 
'3    do 

7  Feb. 

5  March, 
U    do 
24  April 

4  July, 

15  Nov. 
17  Dec. 

17  do 
1  Sept. 

1  do 
I  do 
1  do 
1  Jan. 
1  Feb. 

18  June, 
13     do 
18     do 

9  Nov.. 
9     do 
9     do 
I  Feh. 

5  March 
30  April, 

16  July 
3.'  Nov. 
30  do 
■■0  do 
30  do 
30  do 
30     do 

1  Jan. 
iS     do 

2  May 


SI.  Frolic,  Dec.  i3, 18131  Easthurn,  Joseph 


30 
30 
3:) 
30 
U  , 
iS 
2" 
7 


8  July 

i.i  Nov. 
17  Die. 

9  JiFne, 
9     do 

1  Sertv 


Brig  Siren 
1814'Philauelphia 
"     IFianklin  74 

-  I  New-Haven 

-  iFrigaie  Guerriere 

-  I  Schooner  Torch 

-  il'liilailelphia 
Salem,  Massi^chusetts 
Ditto 

Sloop  Erie 
Frigate  Java 
Bn^  Spark 
Frigate  Java 
Brig  Boxer 


1SI5 


ISOf 
18|.- 
1811 


Norfolk,  Va. 
Furl.  May  9,    1815 
Like  Ontario 
Frigate  Consillution 
Ind  penikiiCi;  74 


El/.y,  James 
Ksknoge,  Alexander 
Ellery,  Frank 
Eakiii,  Samuel  A. 
Ellery,  Charl.s 
Eininet,  ChristoiduT  T. 
Engle.  Fredtritk 

F 

riel.l,  Ambrose 
i-'nrragut,  David  G. 
I'Oirest.  Fr- iich 
Fit'/.liugh,  Andrew 
Freeman,  Edgar 
i-ield,  iiobert 
Filtus,  William  II. 
Fischir,  .lobn  D. 
Kieelun,  T.  VV. 
Feniaiore  Tji.inias  F.. 
Freenan,Vamaj  M. 


Frigate  Constellation 

New-York 

Frigate  Constellatioo 
Charleston,  S.C. 
Frigate  Java 
Furl.  May  23,  1815 
Brig  Boxer 
Frigate  Java         ,, 
Furl.  May  31,  1815 
Brig  Saranac 
Ditto 

Frieate  Congress 
Fm'l.  March  27,  1815 
Lake  Ontaiio 
Ditto 

-  IWashington 

-  Brig  Spark 

-  Sloop  Ontario 
I8i3'lndepen(lence74 

-  iLakc  Ontaiio 

-  |Furl.Junel9, 1815 
New-York 
Independence  74 
Savannah,  Georgia 

1814  Frigate  Constellation 
Furl.  March  1 ',  1815 
Furl.  May  9,1315 
Frigate  Congress 
Furl.  August  5,  IS15 
Sloop  Erie 
Frigate  Guerriere 
_     1  Frigate  Constellation' 
..     I  Frigate  Congress 
_      Si.  Charles',  M.  r. 
..     IFurl.July  5,  ISl.s 
1315  Fr!;;ate  Guerriers 
.,     iBrig  Firefly 
Franklin  74 
Furl.  July  28,  1815 
Frigate  Congress 
Ncw-Vork 

]805|BaHimnre 
1 809 1  Furl.  January  30, 18  i  1 
IS  10  Charleston,  b.  C. 
Brig  fLpervier 

1811  New -York 
_      Brig  Prometlieus     . 

Frigate  Constitution 
_      Sclir.  Torch 

1812  Frigate  .Tava 
..      Ditto 
„     Sloop  Peacock 

-  Boston 

-  Frigate  Macedonian 

1813  New-Orleans 
Frigate  Coiistltufioft 
Frigate  Constellation 

1«14  Independence  74 
Furl.  June  7.  1815 
Lake  Ontario 
Furl.  March  11,  If  15 
Frigate  Constellation 
Frigate  Congress 
Furl.  March  1.^  1815 
Pro>iileMee,  R.  I. 
Xew-Orleans 
Furl.  May  9,  1815 

ISli  Frigate  Guerriere 
Brig  Flambeau 
Frigate  Java 


1809 


16  Jan. 
i.T  Nov. 
15     do 

17  Dec. 
9  June, 
1  Sept. 
1  Jn'i. 
1     ilo 

;8  June, 
?!  March,  181 
I  Oet. 
0  Dec. 


Portland,  Ma«!s. 
Cliaptico,  y.i\. 
Ship  John  Ailar:s 
IsioiSack'tts  Harbor 

Fr.  Essix.Jidv3r^,  I31i 
r.ospi.rl,Va.  ' 
Frigate  Constitntiim 
Frigate  Coustellatio:! 
Ditto 

liic|.-;iendenee  74 
FrJuate  (liieniere 
BiigFirelly 


1811 


1812 


l:i: 


1  Deo. 
i7     do 
9  June, 
9     do 
9     do 
1  Sept. 
1     iU 
IS  June, 
it;    iio 

■i  ■  F-A). 
24  Milv, 


ISO'JtFiigate  Constitntkni 
IHl     liidi  |>el':'ence  74; 
1311 1 Fii.'-ate  t'M!Kt>-llation 
-      Fiitrste  Congr.-ss 

Indepi'Iideiiee  74 

Kr.  I'revident.Feh.  18i> 

l!roo.';lyn 
1312  \V';4shiivr7tnn  7t 

Frigate  Coiirr<>si 
1813  Frigite  Macedonian 
18H'Fneate"U..Stal^-' 


88       NILES"  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  30,  1815: 


Vames  and  Rank, 


3iiDs;iii'.>rE!*. 
Follet,  Benjamin 

Goo.hviii,  Jii'iii  D. 
Cwiuii,Joha  A.  L. 
Giet-nwtll.  Kil«:u-d 
Giljbon,  Frederick  S. 
Gaunt,  Charles 
Goodwynn,  Peterson 
Giiffiii,' Allen 
Gray,  Henry 
Greenlaw,  .lames 
Goodruiu,  James 
Graliam,  Julm  II. 
GoldsboroiiKh,  L'iwis  M. 
Gilmeyer,  .I;ici)b 
Greeves,  Tlionias 
Goodwin,  Daniel 
Grimke,  Benj.  SeCundus 
Green,  Willis  M. 
Gi  rry,  Tlioi.ias  R. 
Gardner,  Walter 
Gardner,  William  H. 
Gaillard,  DaJiiel  S. 
Gedney,  rimnias  R. 

H. 
llumphrevs,  Julius 
Hill,  Johnjr. ^.  L. 
Mali,  Warrrii 
Heath,  Richard 
Haslett,  Andrew 
Harrison,  Thomas  P. 
Hedges,  r.  E. 
.^Hunter,  Richard 
Harper,  William  J. 
IIiggins,Je8se 
Harrison,  Uenjaniin 
Hall,  WiUiam 
Harper,  Joseph  L. 
Hunter,  Moses 
Hunter,  Uavid 
House,  William 
Higenbothoin,  Delozier 
Harliy,  Levi 
Hardy,  I.  C. 
Hamilion,  Edward  W. 
Hodges,  James 
Hall,  A.  b. 
Hull,  Joseph 
Handy,  Thomas  B.J 
Howell,  John  F. 
Hunter,  George  W. 
■  HoUins,  George  N. 
Hopkins,  John  L^ 
Mart,  EieUit-l  B. 
Hayes,  Thomas 
Heth,  John 
Homer,  WiUiam  H. 
Horton,  Samuel 
Hunter,  Harry  D. 
Harvey,  William 
Hunt,  John 
Harris  John  L. 
Harris,  William  S. 
Hobart,  George 
HoiFinan,  Ogdcn 
Howard,  William  L. 
Hobbs,  Hubbard  H. 

I 
Jones,  Charles 
Jasper,  AVilliam 
Johns,  Enoch  H. 
Jainesson.  William 
Inni.in,  William 
Jackson,  Janus  T. 
Isaacs,  G,  W. 
Jar\  is,  Joseph  R. 
Jainesson,  SkeliingtoD 
Jon^'s,  Richard  A. 
liigrahain,  Duncan  N. 
Israel,  Israel 
Jarrett,  KrtKleri.ck   * 
Jones,  Walter  F. 
Jusiin,  Joshua  H. 
Johnson  F-dw;ird  S. 
Jacobs,  Edward 
K. 
Keene,  Lewis 
Kuhn,  Adam  S. 
ILcUe  John 
Keashey,  John  R. 
Ilni^hi.  Janus  D. 
Keos'<)  Matthew 

L> 
j-acey,  Charlea 
Lincli,  Green 
J.'j%*i5  J»hn,  I,  ET. 


Dates  cf 
Commissiuns. 


6  Dec.      1814 


15  Jan. 

8  May, 

9  June, 
9  June, 
1  Sept. 
1  Jan. 
1     do 

1    do 
18  June, 
18    do 
13     do 
18     do 

1  Jan. 

9  Nov. 
30     do 
30     do 

0  do 
6  Dec. 
6     do 
6     do 

1  Feb. 

4  March, 


IVherc  Stationed. 


18t'9 
1811 

1812 


18l3 
1814 


1«15 


Independence  74 

Philadelphia 
Brig  Savanac 
Lake  Erie 
Furl.  April  25,  1S15 
Franklin  74 
Petersburg,  Va. 
Gospurt,  Va. 
Schooner  Torch 
Furl.  Nov.  15,  1811 
Norfolk,  Va. 
Fr.  "United  States" 
Washington 
Sloop  Erie 
Sloop  Peacock 
Biddi  ford,  Uis.  Maine 
Chariest  an,  S.  C. 
Iveiitu -'Ky 
Frigate  Congress 
ludtpenilriiee  74 
Sloop  Ontario 
Charleston,  S.  C. 
Norfolk,  Va. 


1809 
18  le 


IE 


tfaines  and  Rank. 


15  Jan. 

6  Feb. 

17  Dec. 

17  do 
'7     do 

0  June, 
9     do 

1  Sept. 
1     do 

1  Jiin.       1812 
1     do 
1     do 
4  June 
'  8     do 

18  do 
13  do 
18  do 
18     do 

3     do 
;8     do 
9  Nov. 
9     do 

9  do 
28  Jan. 

1  Feb. 

1     do 

1    do 
26    do 
30  April, 
1 5  June, 
25     do 
30  Nov. 
30     do 
30     do 
30     do 

■0     do 
30     do 

30  do 
6  D>c. 

31  do 

10  Jan. 
4  March 


1813 


1914 


1315 


Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Norfolk,  Va. 
New  Orleans 
Inilcpendenc"  74 
Fr.  Cli'-'iapeake,  1812 
Lake  Erie 
George  Town 
Frigate  Congress 
Philadelpliia 
[Furl.  April  27, 1312 
I  Lake  Erie 
Frigate  Constellation 
Furl.  June  13,  1813 
Washington 
Ditto 
Boston 

Independence  74 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

Beaufort.  S.  C. 
Friijate  Macedonian 
Charlestown,  Mass. 
Frigate  Congress 
Newjiort,  R.  I. 
Frigate  Gueniere 
Ditto 
Ditto 

Brig  Flambeau 
Lak.*  Ontario 
ludepeiidenee,  71 
Frigate  Giurriere 
Frautlin  74 
Salem,  Massachusstts 
Frigate  Java 
Newbern,  N.  C' 
Frigate  Java 
Sparta,  Tai. 
Frankfort,  Ky. 
Furl.  June  7,  1315 
Frigate  Guerriere 
New  York 
BrigSaranaC 


6  July, 
1  Jan 
16  do 
1  Sept. 
1  Juii. 
1  do 
1     do 

8  June, 
13    do 
IS     do 
l3     do 

9  N.iv. 

5  Maveh 
x:  Jtioe, 
30  Nov. 
30     do 
30     do 

1  Jan. 
I  Feb. 
1     do 
4  Nov. 
30     do 

6  Dee. 

15  Jan. 

16  do 
15  Msv. 


1813  Norfolk,  Va. 

1  08  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

ISO'J  Charleslown,  Mhss. 

181     Fu.l.June  7,  is  15 

1812  Bu>tuii 

New  York 
Sclinoner  Torch 
Furl.  April  16  lilS 
Brig  Ptomctli'.'US 
Fri:5;atP  Mac.douian 
Furl.  March  3,  1815 

18.3  Sloip  Peacock 

1811  Lake  Ontario, 
Frigate  Cuiistellation 
Lake  Cbainplain 
Brig  Boxer 
Furl.  March  4,  1S15 

1812  Brig  Entevpriie 

1814  Sloop  Hornet 
Pliiladrlphia 
Frigate  Ciuerriere 
Savannah,  Georgia 
Mediterranean 


1809  Franklin  74 
New  York 
.  Vavv  -Ytrd.Wgshic  jton 


?IIDSHIP-"«K\. 
Leconipte,  Cliarlrs 
Ludluw,  James  H. 
Lnckett,Jubn  M. 
Lee,  Wm.  A. 
liowe,  Enoch 
Leib,  1  hoiiias  I. 
l^atiiiier,  Arthur 
Loveday,  John 
Lecompte,  Samuel 
Luf  borough,  Alexr.  W. 
Lewis,  Wni.G. 
Leverelt,  Cieorge  I. 
Long,  Jolin  C. 
Laiigdou,  Henry  S.  Jt*. 
Lee-,  J  oil  11  H. 
Lansing.  KiUvard  A. 
Lcgare,  James  E. 
Loveli,H.  S. 
Lord,  Win.  R. 
Lyman,  James  R. 
Lassaile,  Stephen  U. 
Lowndes,  Cn  ir|.  s 
Livnigsto  11.  Riehaid  P. 

M 
Myers,  Wm. 
Morrell,  Moses 
Motley,  A. 
M-Kmney,  Wm.  E. 
M'N  in-,  Thomas 
Morris,  James  L. 
Mazyck,  P.  It. 
M'Alister,  John 
M'Chesney,  Wm. 
M'Cavv,John 
M'Cawley,  George 
Mitch.  II,  Robtrt 
M'Intosli,  James  M'K. 
Minchin,  Charles  W. 
Mcluney,  Win. 
MClr«n,  Win. 
Mackall,  Richard 
Mott,  Wm.  H. 
M'Neil,  Arcbihald 
Morales,  Joseph 
Montgomery,  John  C 
Mitchell,  D;ivid 
Msson,  James 
MClintock.  Henry 
Mackvy,  Daniel  H. 

Marston,  John  Jr. 
Moorehead,  Joseph 

M'Rorie,  D.  W. 

MCauley,  Daniel  S. 

Moor  •,  Sliarp  D. 

Mahoney,  Michael 

Maiiisoii,  Joseph 

MKeaii,  William  W. 

M'Ken*ie.  V/i':liani 

M'ljitosli,  William  A. 

Marcliand,  Nicholas 

Myers,  Josepli 

Jlerci  r,  Samuel 

Martin,  Robert  F. 
N. 

Nicholson,  James 

Nichols,  Robert 

Nicholson,  James 

Newcomb.  Waller 

Nixon,  Z.  W. 

Newton,  Henry  C. 

Nicliolson,  AVilliam  C. 

Newman,  William  D. 

Nones,  J  B. 

Nicholson,  Wm.  B. 

N  Ison,  Armist"ad 

Nioliolas,  John  S. 
O. 

Olmstead,  Edward 

Ogden,  Henry 

Oneale,  Richard 

Ovi-rton,  Patrick  H. 
P. 

Patton,  George 

Page,  Benjaoiin 

Perry,  James  Ah  Jiander 

Paul,li:ig,  Hiram 

Pottinger,  Win. 

Page,  Hugh  N. 

Patter,  Richard  M. 
PendfTgrnst,  Ciarret 

Pettigrew ,  Tliomas 

Prentiss,  Nathaniel  .\ . 

Pratt,  Sliutial 
Piatt,  CliarlesT. 
Pre,  Edward 
?htl;>')',  S-.«ii'ielB. 


Dates  of 
Commissions 


18  May, 
15  Nov. 
17  Dee. 
9  June, 


Sept. 

do 

Jail. 

do 

June, 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Nov. 

Feb. 

16  July, 

4  Nov. 

7S  March 

29     do 


1309 


1810 
1811 


1812 


IV/iere  Stationed 


1813 
1814 


,  181.i 


Jan. 
do 
do 
June, 
do 
do 
do 
Sept. 
do 
du 
<Io 
do 
do 
Jan. 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
June, 
do 
do 
do 
16  Ai)ril, 
9  Nov. 
9    do 
1  Feb. 
1     do 
13  July, 
3j  jjov. 
30     do 


1809 


1811 


1312 


1813 


18  4 


do 
do 
do 
do 
Dec. 


4  March,  1815 
2  May, 


Cambridge,  JId. 
Schooner  Spittire 
Washington,  Dec.  1810 
Furl.  July  27, 1815 
Mediterranean 
Philadelphia 
Ch:irlestown,  Mass 

akeChamplain 
Frigate  Java 
Furl.  July  n,  1315 
Vrigale  Constellation 
Frigate  Conslilultou 
Brig  Boxer 
Slooj)  Wasp 
Frig^'te  Macedonian 
Frigate  Guevriere' 
Brig  Chippewa 
Charlestowii,  Ma«s 
Portsmouth,  N.H. 
New-York 
Schooner  Spitfire 
Sloop  Erie 
Frigate  Constellation 

President,  Mar.  1,18C&- 
Ditto,  Nov.  2,  !810 
I'ortland,  Mass. 
Frigate  Guerriire 
Furl.  Dec.  17,  18H 
Frigate  Congress 
Charleston,  S.  C. 
Nautilus,  Dec. 7, 13U 
Lake  Chaniplaiii 
Furl.  March  I,  1815 
Fraiiklin  74 
Frigate  Guerriere 
Boston 

Frigate  "U.  States" 
Furl.  July  8,  1315 
Newport,  R.  I. 
Lake  Erie 
Schooner  Sjiitiire 
Furl.  June  12,  ldl5 
New-Orkaiis 
Sloop  Oiiiario 
Brig  Rattlesnake,  131^ 
Furl.  June  24, 1315 
Furl.  July  5,  1815 
Independence  74 
Washington  74 
Corvette  John  Adams 
Brig  Eiiterprize 
Independence  74 
Sloop  Ontario 
Furl.  May  23,  IS  IS 
Schooner  Torch 
Frigate  Java 
New  York 

Corvette  Jolm  Adams 
New  Orleans 
Frigate  Ccr.stellatioa 
Norfolk,  Va 
Frigate  Java 


1  Dec. 

1  Sept. 

1  Jan. 

1     do 
13  June, 
13     do 
'8     do 

1    Feb. 

1    do 
17  March, 
30  Nov. 

6  June 


1S09 
1811 
18L 


1814 


1315 


17  Dec  3810 

1  Sept.  131 

1  Jan-  1812 

30  Nov.  180J 


15  Nov. 

17  Dec. 
9  June, 
1  S-pt. 
1     do 

1     do 

1  Jan. 

1     do 

I     do 
i8  June, 
13     do 

18  do 

5  April, 
^0  >f>e. 


isno 

1310 
IKll 


ISi: 


131.- 


Brig  Enterpriz!e 
New  Y'ork 

Fr.  Chesapeake,  1812- 
Charlestown,  Mass 
Furl.  Augusts,  1815 
Brig  Epervier 
Ship  Neptune 
Frigate  Guerriere 
Ditto 

Frigate  .Java 
Norfolk,  Va. 
Richmond,  Va. 

New-Y^iirk 
Independence  71 
Brig  Enttrpri/.e 
Nashville,  Teii 

Charleston,  S.C. 
Furl.  June  12,  lPi5 
Brig  Chippewa 
Frigate  Constellatiqji 
Furl.Augiist  5,i^li 
Furl.  June  26, 1315 
Fiaiiklln  74 
Lake  Erie 
Furl.  June  30, 131;i 
Brig  Proniellieus 
Frig.".te  CoBstitutioli 
L-.'ke  Chnuiplnin 
Frigate  Guerriere 
.Sl'jop.IIr.rncT 


NILES' 


GISTEi^. 


No.   6   OF   XOL.    IX.] 


EALTIMOrtE,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  7,   1815. 


[wHOLr,  xo.  214. 


/fee  nUm  meminis:;e  juvabit. — A'lnniL. 


PRINTED  AND  rUBLlSlIi:!)   BV   11.  XILES,  NO.   29,  SOUTil   (  ALVEHT-STKEF.T,  AT  |^5  I'KIt  ANNITM. 


Kames  and  Bank. 


DalK.i  of 

Comiuissions, 


JIIJlSHIP-AIEN. 

Premiss,  .folin  E. 
Paine,  .lohu  H.  S. 
Paiteni,  Tliomas 
Pfii  isuii.  Will. 
Poll  ird.  Will. 

P    lilt,  .V.'l!,  P. 

Piiikliam,  Alexiini^er  U. 
PiiiL-kiifV.  Rlcliai",  S. 
PorU  I-,  Davitl  IT. 
Picki  t.  Ritharil 
P.istel',  lidwar.I. 
Palmer.  Jolin  W. 
Pdtter,  V^'  n.  H. 
Putt  T,   Rubevt 
PearsDii,  Fie'Ierick 
Pennotk.  W'ni.  \\. 
Parkev,  Gcovsrs 

Renshaw,  Samutl 
M'lney,  .I.i.iits 
Ro!v  its.  I.,  q.  C. 
Kcif  IS,  .'iiiiies 
Uaii.l.ill)!).  H.B. 
Uitcliif,  Ji'liii   l". 
Ranisav  Win.  W. 
llay.  .laiin'i  W.  H. 
p.obevts,  Jants 
Handoll't',  Win.  B. 
lli'l^cway.  KliPiiezi  r 
jt^ibsell,  Eilniiind  M. 
Knvsill,  diaries  C. 
Ran;la'.l,  Htnry 
HiTjeis,  Sanj'.i.  1 
Rodg.  vs,  Wui.  T. 
Tlice,  Wm. 
Uitcliif,  Robert 
Butter,  Solomon 
Hbss,  'rhoiiias 
Hogns,  Ckiiient 
Rauilollili.  Victor  M. 
Uudil,  .lolin 
Kna:ie,  W  ii. 
Umij.'i-s,  Hf  nnftn 
KiUtalio-Jse,  AV.  W. 
HntleJije,  Eiwunl 
K.?eil .  John 
Kimssiau,  Jolin  B. 
R  mil,  Isaac  H. 
Uaiidulpli,  BiirwellS. 

Snvtli,  Eilwar.l 
Sti-warl,  .laiiu'S 
Sainiilirs..lo)iii 
Stewart.  Rii-hard 
Sjmoiir.  Jo3i,>'i 
So^fjttte,  TlioTias 
Sciiitli,  Charles 
Stevens,  Clement 
S[)ringrr,  Charles  I<. 
Sjiliiiall,  JosciJh 
Swanwout,  Angustuj 
Searey,  Robert 
Snelsoii,  Robert  L» 
Steele.  Win.  ' 
.Si  nonds,  h.  E. 
o.iwycr.  Horace  B. 
Street,  MlUs 
Strilibliiii;,  Cornelius 
Saii(ls,.I(is.')iia  R. 
diallings,  Otlio 
Scutt,  Hevrrly  R. 
Sweeney,  Hugh  S. 
Sullivan,  John  M. 
Shiite,  .lohii  B. 
Skiildy,  \V'm. 
Spaulcling,  Jaiiiej 
.bivartwout,  Joliii 
Stewart.  Archibald  M. 
Stoat,  Matthew  \\. 
Stevenson,  John 
Stewart,  Uavid  R, 
Suniiners,  R.  M. 
Sliiclds,   Win. 
S.iiith,  VVni.  P. 
S'aiibriclv,  irvins 
VOL.  IX 


9  NoA-- 
9     do 
9     do 
1  Feb. 
8  March 
10  Jiiiie 
'17     do 
.3  Ai.ff. 
4    do 
30  Nov. 
30     ilo 
do 
D.-e. 
March, 
do 

\j>ril 
June 


1S13 
ISiJ 


30 
6 


1815 


Where  Stationed. 


Cliarlestowii,  Mnss. 
Schooner  Spilfiie 
Ciiarkstown,  Mass. 
SlIi  .Oiirr  Ti  reh 
Frigate  Java 
«.  liarkston,  S.  C. 
LiueEri^. 
Hrig  Eiiervier 
Kra::kliri  74 
Fori.  M  irch  8,  ISla 
Charleston.  S.  C. 
Frigatr-  Jai  a 
Oi'io 

Frigate  Java 
Fiigaii-U.  States" 
Bng-  Fin.ily 
Nc« -Orleans 


■)  July,  180«  Furl.  Aiiril  19,  1815 

4     do  IBOTjMcwOrliaiis 

Ifi  Jan.  I8cy  Ciiarleston,  S.  C. 

15  Nov.        — 

15  .Vug.  1310  Frigate  Gueiriere 

17  Dc.         —     Frigate  Congress 
Sept.       —    Ditto 

do  —    'jliioji  l:.iie 

do  —     Frigate  Constellation 

Jan.  1312  Sloop  Wasp 
do  —     Boston 

18  June        —    Frigate  Cimstituiion 
13     do  —     Fur!.  May  31,  Idla 
18     do  —    AiinayoUs 

9  Nov.  1813  Boston 
9     do  —    Siooii  Pracofk 

9     do  —     Indepeiidtiice  74 

1  Feb.  1814  Sloop  Peacock 
26    da  —    ijloop  Erie 

17  INlaicU     —    Furl.  April  4,  ISI.'i 
It)  April       —    Corvette  John  Adams 
11  June        —    F'rigate  Constellation 
30  No»'.        —     Brig  Fr.ely, 
30     do  —     Mediterranean 

do  —    Independence  74 

do         —     Franklin  74 
do  —     Wasiiington  74 

do  -■    Fraiikiin  74 

do  —    New-Orleans 

Jan.  1815  Cliarlestown,  Mass 
Feb.        —    Frigate  Constellation 

1309  New-York 
—   '  Gosport  Navy  Yard 
Noriolk.  Va. 
Furl.  July  1',  1S15 
Sloop  Hornet  ^ 


!6  .Tim. 
15  Noi-. 
15     do 
15     do 

1  Dec. 

I     do 
17     do 

9  June 

1  Sept. 
1  Jan. 


do 

<lo 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
i«  June 
13     do 
18     do 

1 5  do 
18     do 

1  March, 

16  ■'I'ril 
9  May, 
9  Nov. 
9     do 

9    do 

13     do 

1  Ffb. 

I     do 

1  do 

2  do 

17  March 
\U  M.iy 


1-10 
1311 


ISlj 


i8n 


1814 


Lake  Erie 
Brig  Epervier 
Meiliteriaiieaii 
Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Frigate  Java 
Frigate  Congress 
Urig  Argus,  1313 
Frigate  Constitution 
Independence  74 
Furl.  June  15,  18 15 
I  Ship  Alert 
I  Frigate  Jlace<!onian 
Washington  74 
SidopErie 
jSavannali.  Geo. 
Frigate  Macidoiiian 
'Lake  Ontario 
Independence  74 
Sloop  Hornet 
Frigate  Macedonian 
Ditto 

Frigate  Constitution 
Frigate  Maeedouiaa 
Lake  Krie 
Sloo^  Erie 
I'rigate.lava 
Brig  F^iitrrprlze 
Lake  Ontario 
Fri'-ate  Guerriere 


Nainei  and  Hank, 


Ste3ri>es,.Tosliua  B. 
Store  r.  F'red,;ricli 
Strong,  Peter  Y. 
Sl.al- 1-,  Egbert 
jlierb  iriK-,  Joiiatliau  W. 
Strict,  Miles 
Shaw,  Roger  C. 
Scott,  M.-iit 
Sonnneriilio,  G.  W. 
Stockto:i,  Horatio 
iiaiirter»oii,  i'laiicis 
S.'.iith,  Jesse 
Story,  F'rLutiiclc  W.  C. 

1. 
Tipp- 1,  Tho  nas  A. 

fill.  Kick  A!  raham 
Teniiile,  William 

I'itui,  Ira 

rayl.ir.  Ja'ues  B. 

i'yltr,   I'obias 

i'lio-riiison,  Joseph 

Taylor,  AViliiain 

Tatnail,  J'jsi-.ih 

■f'oscaii,rr.<!i.k 

T'ltoii,  J.viif  iniab 
lard)-,  Henry 

'i'liwiiig,  Samuel 

ToscaT-i,  .M'  ssidur 

'rowv.seiul,  John  S. 

Tutlle.  Tub:.  P. 

Turni  r.  It  iir>'  E. 

Tool*',  John 

Toinpki.is,  John 

riioriiiitv,  William  F. 

TUdeii,  Thomas  B. 

I'allmaJg  ',  B'  njamin  ,Tr. 

I'aylur,  Wiiiiam  G.  B. 
V. 

Vanzamit,  Ira 

Voui!ieu-5.  Ilaiph 

Yiis'i'll,  James 

Vrtniurii,  Frederick 

Viiktte,  James  Kiik 
W 

Washington.  Samuel  W. 

Wa>iie,  William  C. 

Wish,  John 

Wyniaii,  Thomas  V/. 

Weijvir,  W.  Augustus 

Walker.  Diuii-l  R. 

Williams,  Jaims 

Wrlliniisou,  Jonathan   D. 

WiihaMison,  Charles  L. 

Wail,  Alliert  G. 

Whitlock,  Eiihraini 

Wiisiui,  Steplie-ii  B. 

W.tsMingtoii.  Wm.  S.  I. 

Wiiriiiiiii-e,  W-n.  C. 

Wiiittiiigtiiii,  Clement 

WiiUi-  rt,  Frederick 

Watts,  E'lwai-d 

Wii.pi-le,  l>M<loa  M. 

SVIite,  Joshua 

Warner,  Henry  R. 

■\Yaid.  Henry 

Wli!  aton,  Seth 

White,  Jaints 

Walker.  Wlliiani 

Wood,  Oliver  W. 

Wilson,  Cesar  R. 

AVrigl-.t,  Edwanl 

Walkins,  Erasmnj 
Y. 

Yates,  Charles 

Young,  John 

siii.i.\"t;-:MASTEii.?. 
A. 

Artindell,  Robert 

Alniy,  I'lionias  C. 

Adams,  James  H. 

Adams,  Samuel  W. 
►Aruold,  John 

B. 
'Broke,  Samuel 


Dates  of 
Ctintmissi'ons. 


1814 


181i 


?8  Sept. 
30  Nov. 
30  do 
30  do 
^0  do 
,30  do 
30  do 
[3,  do 
30     do 

4  Jan. 

3  Feb. 

1  Marcii, 

1     du 


9  June, 
]  Sept. 
.     do 
1     do 
I   Jan. 
1     do 
1     do     ■ 

1    do 
1     do 

'8  June 

9  Nov. 

y     do 
II  Mav, 

1  S.  ill.  — 
18  Nov.  — 
?       do  — 


meye  Stationed. 


1811 


i-^i; 


18-; 
1-1 


1815 


30     dj  — 

fSO    do  — 

3      do  — 

33     do  — 

J  .Tan. 

4    do 

13  Feb. 

16  Jan. 
1  Sept. 
1   .Tan. 

!8  June, 
1     do 

15  Nov. 

17  Dec. 
17  do 
17     do 

14  Fell. 
'J  June, 
1  Sept. 
1     do 
1     do 
1  Jan. 
I 
1 
5 

13 
18 
IS 
18 
i*t 
iS 
li 

1 

4 


do  - 

do  — 


Fe:!. 
June, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Oct. 
March, 
20  Aug. 
3U  Nov. 
3.     do 
30     li.i 
30     do 
6  Jime, 

]  Jnn. 
1     Oo 


Furl.  IMarch   1,  1815 
Portia. id,  Mass. 
Frigate  Constellatiqn 
Independence  7-1 
Furl.  March  7,  1815 
N,ir!"nl^,Aa. 
Ne\i-York 
F^vigat'   Java 
Krig  Boxer 
Frigate  Guerriere 
Slooi>  Jlrir 
Fr.  ••United  States" 
Brig  Boxer 

Sloop  Hornet 

Kr.  'United  St-ltes,;^ 

Sloop  Ontario 

Sloou  Hornet 

ChiirUstown,  JIass, 

Boston 

Wai'.ii'igton,  with  Us. 

Hunter. 
Frig.te  Constitution 
Brig  F^pervier 
Sloop  Wasp 
BrigKnervier 
Fr.  "I'l.ited  States 
Frigate  Coi.gress 
Dino 

ISloiip  Peacock 
Fr.  'United  States" 
Fiigaie  Java 
Brii;  Ep  rvier 
Philidelphia 
Ditto 

Sl(/^)p  Erie 
Independence  74 
lii'ig  Saranac 


1^09  Philadelphia 
181l|Fngate  Ciuerriere 
181.-|Furl.  Aug.  13,  13 r2 
—  'Frigat'-  Coiistitutiylt 
1315lsiuop  Erie 

t 
1309, Alexandria 

13-OjSloop  Wasp,  181 1 

Frigate  Conslitiitinii 
Furl.  .March  8,  181^ 

1811  Rostou 

Furl.  June  9,  1315 
Brig  Ent-^rprize 
Fiigite  M;»cedoniarv 
Fr.  ••Uiiit;dSt-ti's" 

ISli  Frignte  Coiistelhtion 
F.aiikliii  74 
Furl.  April  9,13.2 
Lake  Frie 
Furl.. (line  1M815 
Sloop  Argus,  Feb.  131^ 
Sloop  Erie 
Furl,  .fuiie  13   |R15 
Fiigatt  Coiistitutioa 
F'lrl.  April  7,1813 
f  r  -  Spark 
Ditto 

18:4  Uil:e  Ontario 

Furl.  May  44,  1815 


Pi-igate  Macedonian 
18 15/ New  Orleans 


1812  Norfolk,  Ka. 
-    Furl.  May  2, 13IB 


0  May, 

i<i  .luiie, 
10  July, 
3     du 
3    do 


13'2 


1813 


f.7 


ocr. 


New-Y^ork 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 


wHfv.  jQlfa.^dar-rf,  :iy 


0()        mLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTEU—SATjjRDAY,  OCTOBER  7,  1815. 


fNa^s  mill  K..nk. 


Bain,  Eilv.arJ 
.Un)w;p,  J,".!i 
l>w(ninoi,'<i,  Abraliara 
l!iin!ti-,  Goorgc 
Biiiiiii  t,  Cui'iitliiis 

lllil-e;':,  SLil;'.tKl  U. 
IW.i '.',  Nic!i(l:is 
l'.iu:i.,  i'i.iliji 
rasi.'it,    lames 
jliuwir,  lUiirv 
C 
Cai  r.  .'iiiiics  E. 
CfitnUiKo,  b;i;\!u'i(.re 
Chaiubtie,  Tlnr.ias 
c'ayurr,  .li:'iii  K. 

'■liX,  IMdi.n!  ,!. 

t':i:i!«-il,  Wlii.  M.  A.  L, 
C!(,iii;-h,  .'i.'iii 
01iiiul>ii  i.'iip,  S.  P. 
CdKins,  VV|li;;,iu 

Cnjlt.  G<.(ii-go 
D 
Riiriltv,  J.iiiiiiii 

I'iivii,  GtDijje 
lijie,  Mani.-iliiliC 
i>oM)ji.5,  U.iiiKl 
l)ii!,  J.  H. 

pc  la  Uotln-,  Gt'O.  r. 
■Oorirau.  Andrew 
JJowii  -s.  Siiulal 
l>i-iM-,  John 
Dimsto;i,   \\  lliiara 

1'. 
FJiison,  Fraiio'is  H. 

F 
I"'  I'll s  ,I.):ialii:iii  D. 

Vi'ik.  biinire 
rii'LtwiMii,  WUUitin 
I'\-iSuiou,  Jai.'.iS 

ti- 
Gi.i'i'y,  S  'milt  I  11. 
Gi'ti-ii.  WiUiaiii 
G()sUit\,  'I'liiKiius 

JI 
Htrhfrl,  Jotlnta 
UiiUiiivJ,  Jolui 
Hiutoii,  Juliu  S. 
Ilanitrslej,  I'lioniES 
Hi-iu-y,  IlLiiiy    A.  L, 
Ki'.lldwell,  G.  i.iKe 
'Hi\oa,  Saiuii'r!  C. 
llill  Htiiiv  Jj. 
Halkr,  Iia.iC 
IlawUsworlh,  O,  T. 
luBitie,  Isaac  T. 

JOnfcs.  EdwaiJ 
Jemuitg-^,  I.atlianiel 
.Toiii'S,  !J:*i:ii'l 
.TtnKiiii,  John  D. 
JoliMston,  HolRTt 
Jiiliiisoi),  William 

K 
Kingston,  Simon 
KuoN,  llobtrt 
Kuniii  I-,  Sylvester 
Kitts,  Juiiii 

Xtvy,  TJi-iu'i 
XooiHis,  Jairus 
J.uykfU,  Al^-xamWi* 
l»o\v  ,  Vi  ■.Ctiit 
l.iu.lsey,  Justph 
X<t.t',  Wiiliiiiu 

>!oomy,  John 
Mull,  Jntoli 
Woilc,  .I..OU  s  A.  L. 
■M'Cuiiy,    Viliia.ii  D, 
M,'lifi\',  il'iuy 
Mill;.'  ;■■ ,  5^11  c:ii 
]5|l-Copin.ll  William 
Mis.,  KHjwh 
ri!illa  y,  I'lancis 
Ml  liorf.  HivliiyJ 
M'i'ii'VMio,  Hoijii 
"M/.  ...     .  Williaai  r. 
Manlovc,  David 
.>l't.aLliliji,  i'lijlip 


Date!  of 
Cciimnsstuiis 


ir/iere  Statiannl 


yanifiand  Haii!,: 


29  Fi-h.  1803[Pliila(I(ll.liia,   1311 

^5  A|ir),  i8i;:l'^<ilsnH)iil!l,  N.  H. 

2^  June  —     jNt  ,v-\',)i-k 

2  July  -    li'liilailtli'liia 

9  Di  c»  -    |ciiniksuf\vii,  Mass, 

3  Jiiiy,  1S:3  N.v,-Yu:k 

3  (!w  -     JDaiu 

1.   F.-b.  1813  iMifl.  Jliiy  2,  1315 

13  Api-ll,  ISlllWiiiadrlpitia 

AciK'.  S.  Mast.  Frigate  Gutnieit 

4  Aug.  1807  Buslon 

'J    do  18.  9|Wasli;i)gtoni)avy  yavil 

.4  i\h.  1..  12|iV'  «'-Yorli 

y  May  .^      Uitiu 

26    do  -      K'  v.-.Luri(lon 

23  Jitue  -     p-'ort()!ii,  Virginia 

0  July  -     iSliiii  Alen 
-I  Maii'lr,  ISlSiFritfriii;  Congress 

3  July  -     IN'  u-VorK 

'an.  ISM  Brii-  iiiirariac 


F;'i.        -      .'U.  M:.iy"s,  Geoigl;\ 
Marcli    -      Cliailfstoi),  '.■  C. 
Aug.       -      Diitu 

Jan.  JSOQ  ClinrJcstDii,  S.  C, 

Fill.  11!  Ncw-Orliaus 

JiiiiSi  l''!'  Baltiwiciie 

Julv,       -      DiJlo 

Au'j;.       -      WusiiinJ^-toa 

Si  [It.       -      I.akc  F.riu 

Ai'ril,  isi.-.iCiut  1  Peisevcni't'c'e 

Ji.ly        -      Xi-w-Yoik 

Aug.       -      Furl.  "Vpril  '■4,  I81S 

S(.[,t,  ■  -       Noi'.'nlU,   V:i. 

do         -      I!i-.  Sis-tii,  Si  11. 1  ,1.113 

DiC.  l!;i  lll'iivl.  A(.i-il  18,  1B15 
Aof.l 


lbl5  riii!;;(!vlj)hi,i 


3  July       1813 

23  Fflii.  13C9 
28  JIavc-ti,  !S10 
7  .May,     :S1^ 


do 
du> 


131.) 


17  Jaji.       180',) 
Za  June,     181^ 

18  Aidi!,    Irij 


13:7 

1809 
1S12 


iA4 


4  Aug. 
11  F'.!), 
14     do 
1)  Jan. 

1  July, 

a  U  c. 

'  A;;ril, 
lb  Juiif, 

7  July 

fVctg.  S.Mnstii- 
Attg.  S.MastLi- 

26  .Tan.       130Q 
3u  Mai-tli,  181. 

5  M.-.j',       - 
26     do 

10  Mav,     1S13 

6  Julie      18!  5 


2<)  June, 
20  July, 
(0  Oit. 
15  .May, 


1312 


ISK 


IRU' 


.1  Oct. 

U  Nov. 

15  Dee. 

2U  Marih,  18:3 

17  IMarcli,  ISl.i 

.30  Aiiril,    ISl;. 


23  Jan. 

13  Feb. 

1)  July. 

18  Aug. 

1  Aug. 

1  Aug. 

2  Nov. 
12  Jun  ', 

3  July, 

3  do 

1  April, 

4  <lo 

24  May, 
[23  Jujv, 


ISOL' 
181 

18U 
1813 

131 


SuL-kttL's  Harbor 

V;\\-Yorlc 

Luk'-  Ontario 

I'liilud.  Ii>[iia 

HaltUiiori-' 

Frigate  Coiistellittiun 

MarMth  adjM.-.iiw 
i.ak'-  CM>)uiplaiu 

Slooji  lliic 

N'ew^Jrleaiis 

Bi>g  i{tix(_-r 
Lake  Ontario 
Frigate  Coiisti  Ilation 
SLlitionir  Tiii'cii 
St.  .nini-y'^,  Georgia 
Fiirl.  June  21,  l;i'; 
Furl.  March  i0.i3I5 
Ciiarlditn,  3.  C. 
New-Yoi'k    2si;v  v  Y'anl 
Furl.  July  6,  1815 

Chnrl'^ston,  S.  C. 

Kc«-York    Navy  Y'ard 

N'eu-York 

Ditto 

N.jri'i.lk,  V.i. 

-Vtw-Orkaiii 

Pliiladil;)hia 
C'i'arli  slovvn,  Miiss. 
Lake  Outrtrio 
School. ei  Spiiiire 

Philatli-!;)hia 
Nev/-York 
Cartel  Analostnn 
PiuLuh  jphia 
Lake  Chaniijluin 
Urig  Spark 

Wilmington,  N.  C, 

Frie;ate  Java 

Fur!.  .March  27,  I.SIS 

Krlgaie  Coustitusion 

UiitC  Promotheus 

Pliikaili  Iphia 

St.  Miyy's,  Georgia 

Furl.  June  i,  1815 

Fiul.  March  11,  1815 

N\u-York 

Pliila  ielj.hLi 

NeW[iort,  R.  I. 

Pliiiadeiiihia 

Chfttlestoii.S.  C. 


G.VII.I.TG-MATEKS. 
IMeytra,  St..uben 
i  M;lier.  Win. 
j''M:iglil,  Wiu. 
Mnyuadier,  Daniel 

N. 
Nantz,  John 
Nicu'lson,  Win.  , 

N.-)rUiL-oi,',  Jul) 
Nichols,   1  honia\l 

O. 
OM'iiig,,  Ji)(ui  C. 
Osgood,  Joseph 
P. 

Phipps  Da'  id 

Pi-iitiss,Jibei 

Piigf,  Lewis  B. 

)'ol(5,  Jamrs  lit 

P.iynr,   Flionurj 

Polk,  Win.  W. 
H. 

Hog  rs,  James 
1  lV.;l)ii!s,  AViri.  M. 
i  Homey,  -':'.."'« ard 

I< inker,  Samuel 
I  lluttxr,  Tlionias 
)  s. 

i  Soiintag,  George  S. 
I  Stevens,  Joseph 

buii'ili,  lluraC'j 
iS'ulih,  Wni.I'. 

Story,  Fhouias  Vi, 

Sheeil,  Wm.  V.'. 

Slooiiley,  Nathaniel 

Steilwagei  ,D.  S. 

Sl»oem:iker,  Daviil  Jr. 

Spiiiiian,  Janie* 
1'. 

Traut,  James 

Til}  lor.  Ji\mes 

Tayiiir,  Joseph 
I'opham,  Plnlip  M. 

lew,  Henry 

'lal.  (1!,  HohcitS. 

i>rry, James 

Ultick,  George 
V. 

Van  Voorliii,  Robert  IR 

Vuogiian,  Wir.. 
Vtrner,  Henry 
W. 
Williamson,  James  L, 
V/:itts,   !  honi.as 
Wilklnso'i,  Henry 
WiKoii,  Giorge  M. 
Wa!<lo,  Charles  F. 
Warner,  .Idliu 
Wriy'ii,  JauKsB. 
White,  John 
Wiilistoii,  Joseph 
W'arr.-ii,  Nahum 
Worthiiigton,  Henry 

Young,  Edward  L. 

;>0  Ai.SW.UXS. 
Arlanis,  John 
Brown,  William 
P.erry,  William 
!>ligh,  .luliu 
P>iiS(;3i  John 
Ball, John 
.  auiioji,  John  N. 
Cunningham,  Westly 
Dawson,  lolni 
KitoM,  Uavi.i 
Eeans,  Bel  jamia 
liodge,  George 
Hughes,  James 
Hemy,  Win. 
Jenkins,  Kvans 
Keith,  Wm. 
Linscot,  Fdward 
I.onguil,  .lohn 
M"e  loud.  John       * 
M'Cluud,  Collin 
M'Fate,  Juiin 
Miiv/.ies,  J.iuies 
M'Nally,  John 
Ottling,  George 
Roberts,  Mieliacl 
Smith, Tlionias  R. 
V.'akon,  Abraham 
Wood,  Jolin 

Baker,  John 


Dntfs  of 
Coininissiui'.i. 


18  Nov.       1814 

28  Jan.        181.' 

lYctg.S.  Master 

Ditto 

7  July  1812 
li  Aug.  i:i3 
i-l  Jan.       ISLi 

Vclg.  S.  Master 


15  Sept. 
3  July, 


iB'.h 
1813 


1  Jan.       1301 
4  Feb.      J  800 
9  .March 
24  July, 
10  Oct.         — 
13  July,      1814 


"Jflicre  Staticntil 


Sloo;>  Peacick 
PliilaJi  Iphia 
Fiigt.-  Mactdonian 
Bng  f  lanibeau 

Baltimore         , 
Lak''  Erie 
Seliooiier  Torc'h 
Frigate  Congress 

New-Orleain 
Lane  Ontario 


NiwportjR.I' 
Norlolk,  Va. 
Sciiooni  r  Hornet 
ISlif^Jcn.&ik,  Va. 

St.  M.nry's  Geo. 
Brig  Cliippe-«ia 


6  April 

13  Nov, 
-  Sept. 
9  Nov. 

4  Aug. 
3  .May, 

17  July, 
20  Dec. 

7  April, 

5  .May 

14  Aug. 
H  May, 
19  Oct. 

3  Feb, 


1810 
1812 

18). 


1812 


1813 

1814 
181.1 


N\v-YovU 
Charlestown.  Masii, 
rdoop  Hornet 
Philadelphia 
Ditto 

Pliiladelpliia 
Ditto 
Bnitimore 
Cmtel  Analostan 
Frigate  "U.  States" 
Furl.  Murch  2,  l3lj 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
Lake  Chainplai'i 
Furl.  March  .,  1315 
Furl.  March  2,  1815 


10  April,  1799  -chooiier  Nonsuch 

16  Maj-,  1812  .Mew-Ycrk 
24  July         ~    I  Charleston,  S.  C. 

27     do  1313'Newpori,  H.  I. 
2.!  March,  181    Laki   Chanplain 
21  July         —    s;..  p  (ritario 

20  Ajnil,  13i;  Brig  Fiietly 


4  Dee.      180Q 


28  Feb. 

— 

22  An?. 

1812 

5  Dtc. 

— 

4  Aug. 

1807 

9  F-b. 

1809 

■  Jan. 

18i. 

24  July 

— 

10  March, 

1813 

15  Sept. 

— 

19  Nov, 

— 

2  Dec. 

— 

26  Nov. 

1314 

6  Feb. 

1815 

■?.  May 

— 

Ne\v-Or!eans 


New-Y'ork  Nivy  Yar* 
'  dv  ■  Oe.tnriu 


5  May,     J  3 12 

21  March,  !S03 

4  Feb.  ls;oj 
2D  do  1H12 
.'Vet.  Boatswaii, 

Ditto 
Ditto 

8M<y,      1S02 
Act.  Buatswai.; 
Ditto 

8  Au^.      ISII 
Act.  BualbW.: 
il  May,      179tl 
IS  Sept. 
20  Feb. 
12  May, 
2!  Yf.,. 

29  March,  l  -  V 
.\e(.  I'-otitswuiii 

1  Aug.  1^09 
!7  March,  1812 
15  July,       )81 

1  Oct.  1  14 
Act.  Bualswaii' 

Ditto 
I  -  Nov. 

5  do 
17  Sept. 

3  July, 


1809 

i«;5 

HI4 


—    Charl(  stown,  Massi 


New  Orl'aiu 
Charli  slo'i,  S.  C. 
Lake   Oi.t.srio 
Kia!.  Aj.ril  .8,  1815 
'harle.itowi!,  Mass. 
BKltli'iore 
Brig  Flpervier 
IiKeiieudene?  74 
Schooner  Spitfre 
Washington  navy  yard 
Furl.  May.,  1815 

Gosport,  Va. 

New-Y'ork 

Frigate  President 

New  -Y'ork 

^5rig  Epervier 

Sehooii  r   I'orch 

Brig  Eiiti  rprize 

N  w-Oileans 

Brig  Spaik 

Frii;'  t     Mactdonian 

SI.    Hor  .et,  Aug.  ISII 

Sloop  Kri.; 

Furl.  Sept.  28,  1805 

\a  .tilus.  S  pt.  18, 1809 

Hiig  Sir  n.'C 

Norlijlk,  A'a. 

bl.  Argus,  Feh.      ,  18l4 

Gosport  N»vy  yard 

Schooner  Spitfire 

Iiidejirndence  74 

Sloop  Ontario 

Br  g  S.^ra;.ac 

Haltiinore 

Brig  Flauibeau 

Fri:,';.ft    GueirieiX 

Sloop  Peacock 

Lake  Ontario 

Chart estowi),  Masa. 

Franklin  74 


1814 


IS  13 

1815 


iGJane,    13M  Lake  Charaplain 


Mles'  weekly  registeh—naval  regIsTeh. 


m 


ii'aiiies  ami  Ranki 


nvssr.Ufi. 
Sai-ry,  Tlioinas 
Bogiiian,  Jatiies 
Currif,  Anthony 
Cost;nivc|  .laines 
■Coiikliii,  Robert 
Fanis,  Joliii 
Fosfe.',  Jiiiies 
J'  111-,  .loliii 
Fuwlri-,  Wiiliam 
Hunt.  Henry 
!i :•}-,  Charles 
JdciiS(>i),  G,-orge> 
Johnson,  Joliu 
Ju)insoT,  \V:n. 
Lala,  Joseph 
Mouiv,  Jaint's 
Marshall  George 
MyricK,  John 
?<.'L'Isoi:,,Iulni 
llr)ilgcrs,  M  lUliew 
S'lHunon,  C'lenitnt 
'la) lor,  \Vi!,iain 
■\Viison,  Julin  a, 

Brnwfi,   -a    uM 
Banifs,  Breasted 
Daviilaou,  AniUvw 
l>eiTOEiit,  P.tcr 
Kwart,  Horatio 
Kell,  Roliert 
FiiUtr,  Zaceh(.'\is  U. 
OjiloL-y,  Jonathan 
Gates,  William 
HortsMian,  David 
HoUhrook,  tjaniucl  F. 
Irish,  Isaac 
I>Ulhr,  George 
NiL'hoUon.  Juli  i 
Iludger^,  Samuel 

IVjbertson,  William 
St-rphens,  James 
'flioinas,  KiehaiJ 

SAILOIAKKH3. 

Ailanis,  Samuel  p. 
JiiiviiNoa,  Robert 
Uoiigct,  iiaoinel 
Edwar.is,  AVilliani 
Hewitt,    Tho.nas 
Lanilen,  William 
Mankins,  ,lohn 
Mnri>liy,  Ileio-y 
Pieree,  Sa;nuel 
Smith,  David 
Varideii,  Roi  Jacob 
Ware,  diaries 


Dates  of 
Colnmiis!uns. 


2  July,  1S14 
Acting  gunner 
28  Jniiej  1809 
30  do  181S 
\ctine;  gunner 
.'3  Sept.  1313 
12  April,  131o 
8  July.  - 
Acting  gunner 

Ditto 

Ditrj 

2  Feb.       13  0 
6  May,      IS  3 

Acting  gunner 
Ditto 
I  March,  ISO^i 
IS  July,      18  f) 

3  Aug.  1311 
Aeting  giinn;  r 
;7  Aug.  I- 12 
Vctiiig  gunner 

'>  July,     l-iO 
Acting  gunner 

Act.  carpenter 

Dlllu 
18  Feb.      IS  14 
Act.  carpenter 

Ditio  I 

6  June,     18031 

12  April,    l."15' 

I  Aui;.      .CO'J 

Act.  carpenter 

Ditto 

27  June,      181- 
Act.  carpenter 

Ditto 

28  April,  1800 
17  Feb. 


JWheie  Stiiliunetl. 


Act.  Carpenter 

Ditto 
22  .ran.       1811 


Frigate  Gnerriere 

Frigate  Congress 
Furl.  July  31,  !»11 
Furl.  June  8,  ISiS 
Sloop  Ontario 
Sloop  Frolic 
Fr.  "United  States" 
Frigate  J.iva 
Frigate  Gnerriere 
Frigate  Constellation 
Brig  Flanibeau 
i'ligate  Consf-Uatian 
Lake  E''ie 
WashingtoU  74 
Scli^ion-r  roreh 
Wilmingtoii,  N.  C. 
31  •  >;>  Erie 
Schooner  Spittire 
Hug  Epir".  ier 
Imlei>tnileiiCv;  74 
lir.g  Sp.irk 
Norfolk,  Va* 
Brig  FireHy 

Frigate  Gnerriere 
Brig  Spark 

Frigate  Congress 
Brig  Enterprise 
New  Orleans 
ifr.  -Uiiiied  States" 
Frigate  Constellation 
Scliootier  Si>itlirc 
S;cop  Ontario 
Brig  Firejiy 
Jlrig  Epervier 
l;Klepen(ienee  71 
K.i'-tFnit.d  Stales" 
Frigate  President,  Feb, 

i    isoy 

Urig  Knterprize 
jlJiig  Flamhi-uu 
Frigate  Constellation 


llumci  and  Rank. 


Act.  s.til  maker  I J  rig  Flambeau 
4  Jan.       11  4 
Act.  sail  maker  Sloop  Erie 


Ditto 
Ditto 
Ditto 
17  Feb. 

lAug.       -     I 
23  April,     -- 
Act.  sail  maker 

3  April,    13:,7 


.■Vet.  s-.'.il  mak'-r|liidepende!ice  74 


MATIINE  COUVS. 


Names  nnil  Rank, 


XT.    COL.    r(J-*tM\>'UANT. 

Eranklin  Wliarton 

ViAJOllS. 

Daniel  Garinack 
-Tolin  Hall 

UAPTAISS. 

Anthony  Gale 

Kobpft  Greenh-af 
ArchilMld  Henderson 

Richari  Smith 

Robert  W^jjinvi-ight 
William  A4»lerioii     No. 
Thomas  R.  Switt      No. 

Saiauel  Miller  No. 

Jbhn  Grab!)  Nn. 

Henry  H.  Font  No. 

John  M.  Gamble        No. 
ChaileJ  S.  Hutina      No. 

Alexander  Sevier        No. 

Alfred  Grayson  No. 

■^Villiam  Strong  No. 

James  Henth  No. 

Samuel  Racon  No. 

II.  B.  Brtckenridge  No. 

William  Hall  No. 

Krartcis  W..  Sreme  Ts",). 


Dnte\-  iif 
Cominlssiutia 


7  Marcb,  1804 


7    do 
il  Juii' 


1309 
1S14 


Hi!,  qrs.  Washington 

.">!(  w  Orleans 
.MecUtterraacan 


C  24  April  'R04 
C.  Br.^v.  major 
19  Jan.       iCl 
1  April      - 
f  13  Mar.  181 
i  Brev.  in.ijor 
iO  Sept      1812 
lilS  June,     1814 
18     do 


IVhere  Stationed 


^Nev 
Aiaili 


,. m.ijor 

C18  June,  18  4 

J  \  h.  paymaster 

Silij  June,     13  4 

e,  1 8   do 

s    do 

p3  J.inr,  1^14 
i  Rrcv.  inajnr 
S     8  llo 

j  Ami  qr.  mas 


June, 
p8     do 
12  18     do 
)iio  Ds>e. 
iL'l     do 

.■f!o  (To 


1«I4 


No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 


FinST  MKUTKVANTS. 
F.  B.  D.  Bellevtie,       No. 
John  R.  Mo  itc  gul 
P.  B.  D.  Graiulpre 
Lyman  Kellogg 
Samiiel  E.  Watson 
Wio.  L.  Bro\>'nicw 
LeoiiarJ  J.  Boone 
'I'homas  W.  L'  gge 
Wm.  H  p'rermaii 
Joseph  L.  Kuline 
Henry  Oloutt 
Charles  M.  Broome 
Bf-nj.  Ri'.lKiidson 
FramjisB.  White 
W  ;i.  NieiJI 
Wm.  L.  Boyd 
Charles  Lord 
Levi  Twiggs 
Ediuund  Brooke 
John  Harris 
Sainuil  B. J<,|inston 

SECOND  I.J  F.iJ  l'T-VA?fTS. 
H  ':iry  Stevens,  No.     1 

Thomas  A.  Li'Jton      No.    '. 
Rich  nil   ■  uchniuty    No. 


Drtfes  of 
CoimitU-jions* 


1 

2 

3 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

il 

No.  12 

No.  13 

No.  It 

No.  Iri 

No.    7 

1^0.  18 

No.  lo 

No.  ;'.0 

Ko.  2' 

No.  22 


18  June, 
18    do 


18 1.': 


Joseph  Busqi 
Jao'.es  Ed.-l,  n 
Clinsto;)ber  Fotd, 
James  J.  Mills 
Fra  ;Cis  A.  H.,rid 
ParkG.  Howl:- 
Geoi'ge  B.  !■:  igllsli 
He.ry  W.K.  un.dy 
RiChanl  D.  (ireen 
Siiigli-tou  Duvall 
Charles  Suotlden 
James  G.Siiii;<-|(.n'v 
William  F.  Swilt   ' 
Gilli'  s  Thompson 
ICdnard  S.  Noweli 


3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 

g 

10 

u 
1. 

No.  1,3 

N).  1 
No.  IS 
Ko.  Irt 


No. 

No 

Ni). 

No. 

No. 

No, 
No. 

Ni. 


do 
do 
do 
do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
••!  do 
18  do 
13  do 
18    do 

15  do 
i8  do 
18  do 
1"!     do 

16  July, 

•2i  Feb. 
28  do 
z8  do 
23  do 
1  March, 


81J 


•  "«• 

do  — 

do  - 

do  - 

do  — 

do 

do  ^ 

do  -- 

do  -^ 

do  — 

do  - 

Apiil  — 

q  May,  - 


If^hcre  StatiOhctU 


N"w.Or!eans 

Ditto 
Oil  to 

S;ii-ket!*s  ttafbdi' 
On  i  u'lough 
Sloop  H;,!iietj 

Frignte  Constelktttjil 

Dilfo 

Frigate  Giiefrlel'e 

Frigate  'U.  States^ 

N  vv-Yurk 

BHltimiife 

Inri'  pf!i'!('iicc  ?4 

II.  Hil  Quarters 

Dittro 

Ditto 

O.,  Fii -lougll 

Frigate  Co;;grefl9 

Frig'ite  GuerrieM 

Erie,  Penri, 

Held  tltiai'tersi 
Nc;\v-0;  leans 
H'ud  Q'lartiW 
New  Orl-aiis 
Frig.n-  Congreai 
lli-ad  Quarters 
Sloop  O'.f.rrio 
Hiad  CJoaners 
FrigattJava 
Head  Ciuxrters 
Frigate  Ma  •,do!ii(l» 
H  ad  Quarters 
Sloop  Erie 
Head  Quarters 
Ditto 

On  Furloiin-b 
,.lead  Quartcra 


Frigate  Gnerriere 
j  IJiig  Spitfire 
Siiiop  Ontario 
1309  Furl.  June  It),  1810 
-     I  Brig  Argus,  1S09 
Fr.  "United  Stales" 
Hrig  E))erv  icr 
Fr.  Ciitsapeake,  1307 


Comparative 

TABTjE,  ^hc'i'iiiff  tlw  i','g-]vfs  of  heat  at  one  o*cfdel! 
every  day  in  the  month  'if  July,  fur  the  laiit  six  neitrs  iri 


the  cit:i  fjf  Baltii 


Phi!jdelpbla 

Head  Quarters 
Boston 

w-York 

lestown,  Massi 
Boston 
N.irloUc,  Va. 

^Head  Quarters 

J  Ditttj 

Pliiladelpliia 
South  Sea 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

i  On  Furlough 

I  f Iliad  Quirterj 

Frigate  Mactdynian 

Fiigite  Ja»a 

York,  Penn. 

On  Fiulougli 

Fr.  "U^iudScates 

,>.VM-Vor!.- 


■Tilly 

1 

3 

o 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
1-3 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
33 
124 
I  25 

i  2-' 
127 
!23 

;29 

130 
131 


ISIU 

75 

76 

76 

77 

77 

79 

82 

76 

74 

85 

76 

80 

83 

80 

78 

79  1-2 

73  1-2 

74 

74 

80 

78 

78 

73 

75 

77  1-2 

7G 

75 

76 

76 

73 

79 


1311 

75 

81  1-2 

85 

83 

88 

91 

90 

85  1-2 

83 

85  1-2 

85  1-2 

76  1-2 

80 

78 

80  1-2 

8,5 

83 

79  1-2 

79 

81 

80 

84 

81 

82 

83 

79 

79 

75 

30  1-2 

83 


71 
75 


1823 

86  1-2 
86 


'•. 'Ommunicaieu  j^jV  irw  Pulrioti 
'"  1814 

7« 
76 
77 
76  1-2 

81  1-2  80 
86    79 

82  1-2  79  1:^ 
78  1-2  82 
78  1-2  83 


78  1-2  86  1-2 

84  82 
Si         82 

85  86  i-2 
87  1-2  84  1-2 


1315 
dL-^'s. 
86 

85  1-3 
87 
81 


90 

90  1- 
79  1- 

80 
81 
1-2  77 
77 
79 


84 
84 
73 
83 
85 
83 
84 
36 
33    77 

76  1-2  75 
73    77 

77  7% 
76  1-2  75 

79  76 

80  1-2  73 
7H 

76  1-2 

77  1-2 


1-2 


-2  7 


79 
79 
75 
7'{. 
75 
8) 
84 
84 

y 

9 

7.^ 
77 


1-2 

1-2 


1- 

1-2  85 


77 
bl 

85 

83 


/  .5 

74 
75 
76 
78  1-2 


79 
80 


83 

81 

81 

83 

87  1-2 

87  1-3 

86  1-2 

86 

83 

82  14 

83 

85  1-2 

86 

89  1-3 

90 


O  7 


77  1-2 
75  1-4 

76 


81,1-2  92 

77  87 

78  ■  84 

75  1-2  85 

76  87  1- 

77  1-2  88 
80    87 


::.Wt  7-2  2;f'5  '?5.t.3  2ii^3  3»»2-.?^.^7  ?©?T]  fa 


9:2        KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SxVrURDAY,  OCTOBER  7,  1815. 


Wilminoton,  Delawaie, 

AXD    ITS    VIClXITr. 

The  Vv'riters  of  this  account  of  Wilming-ton,  hi 
tlie  state  of  Delawivre,  and  its  viciniv,  liuve  for 
several  ^ears  tliought  of  publi.->hiug  something-  of 
the  nature  of  the  present  essay;  but  were  prevented 
from  atter.r.ling:  to  it  by  their  txcustomed  occu;ia- 
tioii,  wliich  are  adverbC  to  literary  pursr.its — they, 
tlicrefore,  make  no  preiensions  vo  any  thing"  bui 
plain  ,3KaT.. lion:  'and  even  what  they  now  pubiisti 
uould  probably  never  have  existed,  but  that  they 
were  Stinml-ved  by  the  perusal  of  simiiar  accounts 
of  Xew-Hciven  and  Pittsburg-— and,  vrith  the  hope 
that  the  like  influence  may  induce  individuals  in 
all  the  dili'crent  towivs  of  tiie  United  States,  to 
bi'inf  foi'Ward  materials  ft'oin  v/hence  the  future 
g'cojrapher  or  historian,  may  select  for  more  valiia- 
ble  i.iid  permanent  v.orks.  They  have  only  to  add, 
tliat  wh.'it  is  dor.e  has  been  done  w  ith  care,  as  re- 
lates to  the  matter — tlie  style  was  a  seCvindary  co:i- 
sidcration-r-bclieving  in  t!ie  propriety  of  the.  sen'd- 
raent,  tliat  th.e  "first  quallacation  of  a  historian  is 
ti-uth.'-' 

The  state  cf  Delaware,  lyiiig'  on  tlie  west  side  of 
the  Delaware  river,  is  100  miles  long,  the  medium 
breadth  24  miles,  and  contains  (according  to  Carey) 
1,200,000  acrco.  ■  The  population  by.  the  census  of 
ISIO,  was  72,67'4  persons.  Tiu-ce  counties,  New- 
castle, Kent  and  Sussej;-,  comprise  the  whole  state. 
Nev.-Casile,  the  upptr  or  most  nortnei-n  county,  i, 
di'idtd  into  nine  hundred.;,  and  at  the  aforesidd 
atiimeraiion,  conUdn.'d  J.x,-i29  persons.  Christi- 
ana, tlie  mosi  popr  lous  of  these  hundreds,  had,  at 
the  si.me  time,  5,7r.6  ihl-.abicanfcs.  It  is  in  tliis  hun- 
dred that  vVilming-:on  is  situated,  N.  lat.  39,  43,  Vi, 
lo:if^.  1,27',  31,  widi  a  ijopu.ation  of  4,416  persons, 
exclusive  of  the  adjainir-g  vilh't^e  ontiie  N.  E.  side 
of  Brandywine  crcei:,  v,  hich  consists  of  5'^  houses 
and  3i>0  inhabi>ancs,  maLlng-  in  tlie  whole  about  ~5'\) 
houses  ap.d  4,716  persons. 

WiliTiington  lies  2  miles  west  of  tlie  Delaware  ri- 
ver, v/here  it  is  bet\v.:en  2  and  J  niiies  in  breatith. 
On  tlic  south  west  it  is  boohded  by  tiie  Christhaia 
river)  and  on  the  N.  E,  by  Bi-aiidywine  creek,  sepa- 
rated at  tills  point  a  measured  mil«.  Brandywine 
is  40  miles  long,  and  throughout  its  wliole  course  is 
a  fir.e  streim  and  well  adapted  to'  water  works;  as 
the  descent,  ui  2*  miies  of  its  course,  is  known  to 
amount  to  SOU  feet.  Ciuisti<j-,a,  though  a  larg-er 
water  opposite  tiic  town,  is  but  20  miies  long,*  and 
for  one  half  of  its  course  has  a  fine  tide  v.ater;  the 
rcioaiidng  10  miles  has  considerable  fall,  on  which, 
aie  erected  ViU-ious  water  works.  Both  these 
sti'eariis  havel:u-ge  and  valuable  bninclies,  pariicu- 
ha-iy  the  Christiana,  into  v.iiich  V/lute  Ciay  and  i{ed 
Ciay  creeks,  ;ind  their  various  tributary  streams, 
empty. 

•^  Christiana  is  navig.able  to  Wilmington  for  ships 
drawing  14  feet  water;  to  Newport  there  is  9  feet, 
a'.d  to  t'liristiana  bridge,  at  tiie  head  oftiie  nivig.i- 
t:o:!,  nln«  i.niles  (by  land)  from  W'ihuington,  6  feet, 
T}\e  iirandywhio  admits  of  b  feet  water  to  the  mills, 
-■■■■.  he  navigation  terminates.  'I'he  main  post - 
mthe  eastern  to  t.ie  southern  states  crosses 
\A-.  i^j.uvdywine  on  a  hanging  bridge  of  148  feei 
cJiOi-.d^  passes  thi'oug!!  Wi-.mngion,  bends  off  to  the 
V/.  ciiid  S.  W.  ranges  the  northern  bank  of  the  Chris- 
A<X'X,  and  continues  southv/ardiy.  A  branch  of  it 
cros.ses  Chiistiana  on,  a  bridge  of_^600  feet  long;  and 
.'.  id-is  contniued  througll  'the  peniusula  between 
tiie  ijaesapealie  and  Delaw^swe  bavs.     The  last  men- 


"Tiejumed  in  a  dji-.-ct  iiae.— Sb.  lUs 


lioned  bridge  is  built  on  piles,  and  has  a  draw  &f 
oO  feet  in  width,  to  admit  \essels  to  the  tovvns 
above.  Besides  tlie  roads  mentioned,  three  stoned 
turnpikes  leave  \Vilmhigton  in  a.west,  north  west  and 
nortli  direction,  and  pass  mto  Pennsylvania.  By  the 
Christiana  is  the  nearest  and  most  jjracticable  route 
to  the  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  bay,  and  it  is  the 
stream  by  which  the  canal  long  since  contemplated 
is  to  connect  them  with  the  Delaware. 

The  scite  of  the  town  of  ^Vilraington  is  a  gently 
swelling  lull,  that  rises  on  the  south  weiit  from  the 
Christiana,  on  the  north  cast  from  the  Brandywine, 
and  south  cast  froi«  tiie  junction  of  tliose  two 
streams,  to  109  feet.  On  the  south  west  side  of 
this  hill  tlie  town  is  principally  erected;  on  tl;c 
worth  east  is  the  village  of  Brandywine,  on  botli 
sides  of  the  id^er.  'I"he  two  towns  contaiii  about 
7j0  houses,'principally  brick;  9  places  of  religious 
Vvors'iip,  a  town  house  and  an  academy,  in  which 
the  learned  languages  are  tauglit:  21  schools  in 
wiiicli  at  this  tin^.e  are  650  scholars. 

At  a  medium  distance  of  2  miles  from  the  centre 
of  Wilmington  a  range  of  high  lands,  commencing 
on  the  bank  of  the  IJelaw.are  east  from  the  tovrn, 
sweeps  round  to  the  south  \ve=t  point,  :ind  ]>re3ents 
many  beautitul,  if  not  elegant  prospects;  tlirough 
tiiis  range  the  bkilpot,  the  Brandy\\  ine,  Mill  creek 
and  Christiana  break  and  change  the  character  of 
tiie  sceneiy.  Diilerent  country  residences,  at  dif- 
ferent elevations,  from  150  to  250  feet  above  the 
tide  water,  are  stattcrcd  over  those  liills,  and'add 
beauty  to  tlie  neighborhood  of  t'le  town,  M-hile  they 
command  an  exten  dve  and  variegated  view  of  those 
nigh  hands,  the  interv.al  between  them  and  Wil- 
mington, the  town,  the  courses  and  junction  of  tlie 
riveivj  before  mentioned,  the  fiat  .Lands  through 
which  tliey  pass,  the  broad  expanse  of  the  Dela- 
ware and  the  shores  of  New  Jersey  clothed  with 
wood,  presenting  a  liorizon  as  IcA'cl  almost  as  the 
ocean,  for  miles  in  length. 

Tlie  fii-st  house  in  Wilmington  was  erected  about 
a  century  since.  Its  cliarter  is  dated  in  1739.  The 
government  of  the  borough  is  vested  in  two  bur- 
gesses and  a  cou'.icl!  of  13  m.cmbers. 

Ifavinir  described  the  tow"ii  and  its  immediate  aI- 

O 

cinity,  we  sliull  attempt  an  .account  of  the  country 
witliin  ^the  circuit  of  a  few  miles,  noticing-  the  va- 
rious improvements  of  which  we  can  obtain  cor- 
rect information. 

And  first,  on  the  Brandywine,  in  the  immediate 
viclnitvof  t!ie  town,  are  14  mills  for  grinding  grain,, 
of  2  pair  stones  each,  and  capable  of  ma.nufactur- 
ing  5u0,000  hnslels  per  annum ;  two  blacksmiths' 
shaps;  one  tilt  hammer;  one  considerable  establish- 
ment for  making  ccttoivand  vroollen  machinery;  two 
carding  machines;  16  coopers'  shops;  and  about 
90  houses  of  brick,  stone  or  fr.ame,  40  of  which  .are 
witiiln  the  borough  uf  Wilmington r  N  E.  from- 
\ViUnington,  and  two  miles  from  the  centre  of  tlie 
town,  the  Skilpot  crosses  the  post  road — on  this 
stream  there  are  two  miils  for  grinding  grain. — 
Pi-oceeding  south  west,  we  come  to  the  Brandy- 
wine; ascending  it  from  tlie  improvements  before 
mentioned,  in  half  a  mile,  we  meet  with  a  cotton 
mill  of  700  spindles;  half  a  mile  further  is  a  paper 
mill  of  two  vats,  and  opposite  to  it  is  a  snuff  mill; 
one  fourth  of  a  mile  further  is  a  woollen  m.anuf.vcto- 
rv;  beyoiid  this  about  half  a  mile,  is  a  large  esta- 
blishiiient  tor  making  cotton  and  woollen  machine- 
ry; and  at  about  the  same  distance  above,  a  cotton 
mill    of  1500  spindies,*  and  a  macliine  sliop;  oppo- 

*Between  these  two  points  the  Brandyv.ine  ha* 
a  fall  of  40  feet  in  about  one  mile,  almost  unoccu' 
pied,  ;t;iiJ  whicli  is  capable,  if  improved  v/ith  judg; 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER -WILMINGTON,  DEL. 


93 


site  to  these  is  a  large  huildinj^  intended  for  a  col- 
'ioa  mill.     Advancing-  still  up  the  stream,  \vc  arrive 
at  a   large  cotton  mill    intended  for    several  thou- 
sar.d  spindles; j   hrdf  a  mile  higher  is  a  Lu-g-e  esta- 
blishmcnc  for  making-  g-unpowder;  and   farther  on, 
about  the  same  distance,  is  another  for  a  lilce  pur- 
pose; opposite  to  this  last,  is  a  hu"g-e  woollen  cloth  | 
rnaiiiir.ctorv.     Stid  g-oinj^  on  about  a  mile,  we  ar-l 
live  at  a  cotton  mill  of  600  spindles;    a  g-rist  mill,  I 
barley  mill  and  savv'  mill  on  tlie  west  side,    and  on 
the  east  side  a  woollen  manufactory. 

To  all  the^e  improvements  appropriate  buildings 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  owners  and  workmen 
arc  annexed,  several  of  tliem  in  a  liandsome  taste 
(or  siyle)  rendering  a  walk  on  tlic  banks  pecidiar- 
ly  agreeable  to  a  person  disposed  to  be  pleased  vvith 
a  rudelv  variegated  country,  progressing  in  im- 
provemen.,  under  the  hand  of  inditstry  and  intelli- 
gence. Of  all  these  improvenients,  those  belonging' 
to  the  Duponts  are  most  worthy  attention;  as  here 
a  village  has  grown  up  witiiin  a  f^w  years,  in  con- 
sequev.ce  of  great  exertions  and  the  expenditures  of 
much  wealth. 

As  the  Brandywlne  lias  a  fall  of  upwai'ds  of  100 
feet  in  the  four  and  a  half  miles  above  where 
the  post  road  (before  mentioned)  crosses  it,  some 
years  since  a  proposiclon  was  made  for  opening  a 
canal  to  the  top  of  the  hill  upon  which  ^V^lmilig•- 
ton  stands.  Had  tjiis  been  effected,  there  vvo-ald 
have  been  fall  and  power  sufficient  to  have  driven 
50  miils,  eaciiof  1,0.'0  spindles,  witiun  the  bounds 
of  tiie  borough.  But  tliough  S3'J,0U0  would  pro- 
bably have  comple':ed  tiiis  work,  it  was  not  execu- 
ted, nor  can  we  cxpecL  it  will  be,  as  tlie  Jrnpi'ove- 
ments  beiow  tiie  intended  junction  forbid  it. 

Al'hougii  the  works  on  the  Brar,dywine  already 
inentioaed,  incmde  'o6  water  wlieels,  there  is  pow- 
er of  u'.-.ter  an^l  fall  su;1iclent  remaining  for  nearly 
an  equai  number  within  five  miles  of  Winai.igton.* 

On  die  Vv'est  side  of  iirandy«'ine,  near  Dupont's  ma- 
nufactorj/,  a  small  stream  comes  in,  th?.t  drives 
a  cotcon  mill  of  600  spindles,  leaving  a  fall  unoccu- 
pied of  equal  power.  Coniinuing  to  progress  south- 
■vvestwurdly,  ^.t  one  and  an  half  miles  irom  Wilming- 
ton, we  meCL  .vita  .?d'lll  cre:'k — tins  stream  drives 
a -aw  and  c  rist  mill.  Tiie  next  in  order,  6  miles 
on  tne  post  xoad,  is.  lied  Clai/ creek,  discharging  its 
■waters  into  Wnite  Clay  creek  (each  so  called  from 
the  color  of -ie  clay  found  on  dieir  banks)  a  brancn 
of  Clirisuaaa.  Iledclay  is  a  lively  stream,  passing 
through  a  hilly  country,  abounding  in  springs  and 
falls  of  vrater,  and  gives  power  to  many  establish- 
ments for  various  pu.rposes,  viz.  f  mills  for  griud- 
ing  gi\dn,  6  saw  miits,  2  cotton  mills,  1  slitting 
mill,  1  snuff  mill,  and  1  woollen  manuf,iCtor\\ 


ment,  of  driving  20,0'JO  cotton  sjiindlcs;  or  other 
maciiiaery,  requiring  equi\:ilent  power. 

-[■Opposite  to  this  building  is  the  foundation  of"  a 
Large  woollen  manutactory  erected  by  a  father  for 
his  arniable  and  agreeable  .son,  who  had  spent  three 
years  in  France  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  tlie  wool- 
Jen  business:  but  how  uncertain  arc'  hurx-ian  hopes! 
a  few  months  after  his  arrival  consigned  him  to 
the  silent  grave,  and  with  him  the  fond  lic-jes  of 
his  parents,  and  the  expectation  tliat  his  informa- 
tion would  become  serviceable  to  his  country. 

_*VVlien  we  speak  of  the  jjower  of  the  lirandy- 
wine  to  drive  water-v.-orks,  we  mean  the  average  of 
the  whoie  season.  A  few  vears  have  occurred  in 
the  last  twenty-ftve,when  the  supply  of  water  for  t-vvo 
months  has  been  much  under  tliis  'average;  but  for 
two  thh-ds  of  every  year  the  force  of  this  stream 
js  at  least  double  what  we  Jiave  calculated  from. 


Burro-:vs^  Run,  a  branch  of  this  creek,  drives  sev 
ral  sa-iV' mills  a!;d  one  grist  n  ill 

Slaiilnn  is  a  sn'.ad  villag-e  6  miles  from  Wilming- 
ton, on  tlic  S.  \\'.  post  roid,  situate  between  Ifliiie 
and  lledclaij  creeks.  JliU  creek,  a  branch  of  "WJiite 
Clay,  passes  througli  this  village,  and  drives  one 
woollen  and  two  c1^)tton  manufactories,  two  grist 
mills,  au  oil  and  saw  mill.  White  Clay  c  eeh  sue 
ceeds,  a  powerful  stream,  crossing  the  post  read 
7  miles  from  V\"ihinino-ton,  and  a.  ithin  the  county 
of  New  Castle;  and  drives  8  mills  for  grinding  grain, 
1  cotton  manuuictory,  1  paper  mill,  2  saw  mills  and 
1  glazing  mil!. 

The  village  of  Christiana,  9  miles  from  ^Viimirg- 
ton,  at  the  iiead  of  the  tide  water  of  Christiana  river, 
succeed:-.  This  is  an  important  place  as  a  depot 
for  goods  transporting  cast  or  south,  as  it  oliers 
the  shortest  land  carriage  between  the  baj's  of  Dela- 
ware and  Chesapeiike,  of  11  miles  only.  Christiana 
river  drives  7  miils  for  grinding  grain,  and  2  saw 
mills. 

Comple'ing  pur  semi-circie  we  arrive  at  A'eiu 
Caatle,  on  the  banks  of  tne  Delaware,  6  miles  from 
Wilming'ton.  Tiiis  town  contains  about  1000  inlia- 
bitants;  the  houses  mostly  brick,  and  here  the 
courts  for  the  co-anty  are  held.  The  sciie  of  the 
town  is  a  h.mdsome  bankof  the  Delaware,  where  it 
is  about  3  miles  In-oad;  below,  the  river  spreads, 
bends  to  the  eastward,  and  is  in  view  fjr  20  miles. 
Like  Christiana,  New  Castle  is  ah  important  piace 
of  depot  and  transport  between  the  east  and  south. 
One  SLcam-boat  and  two  packets  ply  between  this 
>;own  and  Pldladeipliia. 

Tliecouniry  over  wliich  we  have  now  travelled  in 
om-  circuit  round  V/ilmiiig-ton,  is  gencrallv  liigh, 
healthy  and  well  peopled.  liut,  except  t'lie  em- 
banked lands,  little  of  it  will  be  estimated  above 
2d  or  3d  (ju.dity  soil  originally,  and  much  of  it  has 
once  been,  and  some  still  is,  poor.  Industry  and 
Intel  lig'ence,  however,  obliges  the  "chc.rlis'i  soil" 
to  yield  toiei-abie  crops  of  grain  and  grass,  more 
especi.dly  witiiin  the  borough  whei-e  tlie  s\stcm  of 
manuring  lias  rendered  tlie  eartli  fertile. 

It  is  generally  believed  (at  least  by  the  inhabi- 
tants) that  Wilming-ton  is  a  liealthy  sitr.ation;  and 
ttre  fact  of  their  having  been  found  witiun  the  bo- 
rough, (in  1794)  152  persons  of  and  above  60  years 
of  age,  Wiion  probably  the  wliole  population  did 
not  exceed  3000  persons,  seems  to  corrobor.ate  the 
opinion.  In  the  note  annexed  some  interesting 
matter  will  be  found  under  this  heaw.* 


*Wilmip.gton  is   situated  in  Christiana  hundred, 
the  population  of  whicliin  1810,  was  .is  follows: 

10  &  uiidev.  10  to  16:  16  to  26:  2n  to  45:  above  45:    total: 

Males       son      S'.Y       551       603       397      2,846 
Females  838       441       651       597      403       2,930- 


1736       838     12o2     1200       8U0       5,776 


Thechiidi-en  under  ten  yeai's  of  age  in  this  state- 
ment,  are  at  tlie  rate  of  30  per  cent  of  the  whole 
population,  or  almost  one  third  ol"  the  wliole;  tlie 
persons  over  45  years  are  at  the  rale  of  14  per  ct. 
of  the  whole.  Taking  the  population  of  Wilramg- 
ton  at  4,416  persons,  the  number  of  cliiidrcn  of  10 
vears  of  age  aiul  under,  are  1327;  add  one  half  ot 
those  of  10  and  under  16,  and  we  have  1658  cliil- 
(^li-en about  two-hf.hs  of  whom  are  .schooled,  two- 
fifths  are  probably  two  young  for  that  kind  of  edu- 
cation, and  one-fifth  not  schooled  reguLtrly.  Three 
ncrsons  now  reside  in  Wilmington,  members  of  the 
jianie  iamily,  \\ho-e  ages  amount  to  240  years. 


94         HILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  ;,  18J5. 


The  mn-nbcr  of  children  at  schoolf  in  tliis  town 
(ind  :it  Ri-arKlywlne,  in  the  vcaJ-  last  past  (1S14)  were 
fis  follows:  168  skirls,  in  five  schools  ihv  that  se.^ 
only;  131  boy?)  in  four  schools  for  m;Ucs;  317  chil- 
(drpn  in  eleven  schools  for  th.c  two  sexes;  and  34 
children  of  color  in  one  ecUool-— niaking  a  total  of 
65-5  children. 

Tlie  djflerent  religious  sects  in  Wilniing-ton  live 
jnhiirmony,  knowin^^that  they  are  not  accountable 
to  man  for  their  opinions,  and  that  worsliip  is  en- 
tirely free,  All  occasion  of  difference  is  taken 
nway,  and  the  Presbyterian  and  Metliodist,  the  Epis- 
copalian and  Quaker,  the  Bapvist  and  the  Catliolic, 
nssc-jjate  tog-ether  without  envy  and  without  fear. 
Then-  places  oi'  worship  M-e  as  follows: 

Methodist,  wliitc  1 — colored  2 

Presbyterians         .  ,  .  ■. 

Baptists  ..... 

Friends  or  Quakers 

jGpiscopalians     ,  r  .  ■■         . 


in^  olllces,*  3;    book-binders,  5  shojis;    tinners,  4 
shops;— coppersniitlis,  1  shop;— hatters,  f>  shops; — 


3;    potteries  2;  air 


furnace,  1;  watch- 
5;  |)ump-inakcrs  ]; 


2 
2 
1 
1 


Total 9 

Tlie  follov.ing'  socieHes  for  civil  purposes  exjst 
in  Wihiiiny-ton: 

A  Jihrary  comjinny,  books  about  1000  volumes;  a 
"humane  society  for  the  recovery  of  persons  appa- 
rently dead  by  drowning-;  a  female  society  for  the 
relief  and  employment  of  poor  women;  a  female  so- 
ciety for  the  distribution  of  soap  and  clothing;  three 
iire  companies,  with  fire  eng-ines,  ladders,  &.C.;  one 
school  society  for  assisting'  colored  and  other  poor 
chihlri'n  in  tiieir  education. 

The  banking-  establishments  in  Wilmington  are — 
The  «;mk  of  Delaware,  capital  gllO.OOO 

The  W'ilnung-ton  and  Brandywinq  Bank, 

cajiital 
And  a  branch  of  the  Farmers'  Rank  of 

the  state  of  Delaware,  c:'.pital  unknown! 

Wilmington  is  well  supplied  with  every  article 
liecessary  to  comfort,  wlietlier  forei^  or  domestic. 
We  liave  t-\vo  markets  weekly,  and  the  ready  com- 
nmnic:riirin  with  Philadelphi;i  :md  B^iltimore,  sup? 
ply  all  tl'.^t  luxui'y  demands. 

The  prices  at  present  (5th  month,  May  1815)  in 
Qur  markets,  for  food,  is  about  us  follows: 

per  Uk 
Flour,  superfine,  %A]  per  cwt 


120,000 


Indian  corn,  7*0 

IJeef 

Veal 

Muttoi> 

Pork 

Butter  15  a  25, 


a  ra  CIS.  per 


bushel 


cents  4 

1 

12 

8 

8 

12 


8  a 

Ca 

8  a 


c'ecRe  12  a  20  ct3. 


Potatoes  50  a  75  cts.  per  bush. 

The  various  mechanical  business  carried  on  in 
Wilfnlngton  and  ;\t  I'raudy^vlne  are  indicated  by 
the  following  staiement  of  tlieir  dlficrent  estab- 
lishments: millwrights,  20  hands;  coopers,  22  shops; 
blacksmiths,  8  shops;  m;tchinc  makers  for  cotton 
¥ind  woollen,  5  shops;  miilers  (when  business  is  ac- 
tive) 58  to  35  hands;  slioemakers,  19  masters;  tay- 
lors,  9  masters;  carpenters,  6  do.;  carrias^^e  makers, 
5  shops;  wheelwrig'hts,  3  shops;  cabinet  makers,  6 
ehops;  vope-yards  2;  ship-carpenters,  2  yards;  sad- 
dlei-s,  3  shops;  brev,Kn*ics  2;  di-ug-g-ists  ->;  turners, 
2  shops;  tanneries,  6;  cuiTiers,  4;  skinner,!;  priut- 


•{•The  price  of  tuition  varies  in  our  sclioois  with 
the  abilities,  reputation  and  patronage  of  the  tu-  4,235^  per  ; 
tors;  from  10  to  32^  per  annum  iz  p;iid  for  educa- 
•tion  alone.  In  our  boarding  schools,  where  tliere 
are  usualty  60  girls,  the  price  of  tuition  is  loCg  ])cr 
^nnum.  Tlicre  :ire  a  considerable  number  of  vhil- 
d+ en  schock-d  ir.  Wihr.ingtca  by  charjt;-. 


board-A-ards 

makers,  4  shops;  sllver-snalhs 
brass-foimder,  1;  g-iinsmith,  1;  stocking--weavev,  1; 
weavers,  6;  tallow-chandlers,  3;  tobacconists,  3.— 
-Many  of  the  houses  in  tlic  ]3rincipal  streets  of  Wil- 
ming-ton  are  made  use  of  as  stores,  in  which  tlie 
following  articles  of  American  manufactures  were 
to  be  had  last  year,  as  the  writer  knows  by  per.son- 
al  enquiry,  and  it  is  ])resumed  the  quantity  and  va- 
riety has  rather  increased  than  diminished,  as.  lie 
was  Jissuced  th.it  almost  every  week  brought  for- 
vv;u"d  some  new  article. 

Andiions  of  brass  and  iron,    shovels   and  tongs, 
brass  and  iron  tops;    bed-screy/s  and  wood  screws 
of  all  descriptions;    plane  bitts    and  planes   of  al5 
kinds;  screw  augurs,  axes  and  hpAchets;  tutania  la- 
dies and  spoons,  and  iron  ladles;  l)ox  coffee  mills-, 
bellows,  brass  and  iron   pipes;  waggon  boxes  and 
hollow  Ware  of  all  kinds;  shovels  and  si)ades;  mill, 
cross  cut  and  frame  saws;  girtli  and  straining-  web-, 
bing;  spikes,  nails,  tacks  and  sprigs  of  all  descrip- 
tions; whitened  and  brass  luiobs  aiul  coach  makers 
ware  gencrallv,  phited  and  plahi;  shoe  knives,  stir- 
rups iuid  bridle  bitts,    plated    .and  plain;    window 
glass    of  all    kinds;    white  and  red  lead;  lithragCp 
spu-its  turpentine;    linseed  oil;  Spanish  brov/n  and 
yellow  ochre,  ground  and  dry;  painting  In'ushes  and 
other  brushes    generally;    trace    chriins  and  other 
chains:    shoe-]-n;dcer's   hammers;    cai-|jentcrs  rules; 
brass  c:uidlesticks;  patent  lamps;  str.aw  knives  and 
window    bolts;  glass  paper;    drawing  knives;    iron 
squares;  fr;.  iug  pans;  currying  combs;  horn  combs  and 
whet  stones;  lamp  black;  stone  jugs;  iron  and  steel 
shovels  (;c.dicd  Devon.shire  shovels)    and  ditching 
sliovels;  nail  imd  spike  gimblets;  grid  irons,  grid- 
dies  aj^d  roasting  pans;  weights  of  all  kinds;  lio'dse, 
horse  and  sheep  bells;  sad  irons;  masons  trowels  and 
stoves  oi  ail  kinds;  some  America^  Tiles,  and  may 
be  had  in  plenty,  but  tlieir  quality  not  sidricicntly 
ascertained,    Although  the  variety  liere  enumended 
is  very  considerable,  new  articles  are  ccmiing  for- 
wai'd  daily,  and  it  is  probable  will  not  be  long  untill 
weean  add  locks  of  all  Idnds;  butt  :mdHL  hinges  and 
some  Ql,lier  important  articles  that  are  yet  wanting 
Window  glass  is  now  made   in  large  quantities  by 
various  glass  works,  bottles  :md  vials  of  American 
manufacture  are  common;  flint  glass  of  a  be;aitiful 
quaiii-y  and  in   considerable  qu;uitities,  is  made  in 
i'ittsburg  and  brought  to  the  Atlantic  states;  oils, 
of  mint,  sassafias,  worm  and  pemroyal  and  cas-Lor; 
nitrous  :ind  sulphuric  acid;  all  mcrctu-iid  prepara- 
tic'.iS;    rectified  spirits;  peai'l  and    potash;  saffron; 
gold    leaf;  magnesia;  sal  nitre;  spice   and  tincture 
bottles;  sugar  of  lead;  ghiuber  salts;  soda;  vol.  spi- 
rits; hartshorn;  tartar   emetic;    teeth  bru.shes;    sy-i 
ringes;  teeth  drawing  instruments,  Stc.  of  American 
produce  and  manufactvu-e,  ai'c  to  be  found  in  otu- 
druggists'  shops. 

By  the  census  of  1810,  tlie  county  of  New  Cas- 
tie  contained  24,4-19  inhabitants.  The  poor  of  this 
county  are  provided  for  hi  a  house  within  the  bo- 
rough of  Wilmington,  built  of  stone  120  feet  long, 
40  feet  broad  :'.nd  three  stories  high;  in  a  healthy 
and  beautifid  sitviation. 

l"he  nunioer  of  p:i'ipers  for  the  1.-:  ;t  7  years,  has 


um;  or  50S  a  year  for  each  pauper.-j- 


*T\voof  tlic  printers  each  publish  a  semi-week- 
ly p^-pcr. 

is  something  less 


■IThis 


J/.'OO 


than  3.;.  persons  to,  each 
)lt:i.n1,«.     It  wo'.dd Ijio'c  levn  satrsf.X-tory 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WILMINGTON,  DEL. 


'95 


For  s^evcral  years  pa^t  there  li?-s  been  a  ]n'0'!;Tes-  borliooi  diminish  and  the  expense  oftr-mspcrtation 


iivc  riic  in  the  price  of  eatables  piirchased  in  our 
markets.  Wben  the  v.'.u-  took  place,  it  s'^emed  rea 
sonable  to  conchide  that,  as  a  l.a"ij;c  proportion  of 
the  Hour,  g-r.d'i,  beef,  pork,  butter,  cheese,  &c.  Sec. 
wiucli  had  usually  been  exported,  would  be  retain- 
ed in  the  country,  the  prices  of  all  thocje  articles 
would  decline,  and,  indeed,  fall  verv  low.  (>n  the 
contrary,  the  farmers  wiio  liave  attended  our  mar- 
kets iitcadil\',  Ivivc  never  seen  a  time  when  beef 
pork,  veal,  poultry,  Ijutter,  cjj^^s,  c!;eese.  Sic.  com- 
manded as  big'h  prices.  It  then  a]5pears,  that  the 
cause  is  to  be  looked  for  in  some  circumstances  .^ 
not  connected    with  the  war,  and  nothing- appears  '"'''"_". 


is  increased. 

Less  than  thirty  years  since,  oak  Are  wood  Ar.ts 
more  readily  proci-.red  at  from  175  to  200  cents  per 
cord  tlian  it  now  is  at  G30;  wb.lch  exhibits  tlie  ne- 
cessity of  i'lcreasing-  economy  in  the  us.?  of  it,  a».;-- 
the  introduction  of  coal  or  turf;  of  which  lat'.eriir- 
ticle  it  is  said  great  qu  uitities  may  be  iiud  iti  No'V- 
.Tersey  ncirly  opposite  lo  the  town.  Our  coal  must 
conv  from  Viriirinia,  unless  discovered  within  cart- 
in.^-  distance,  of  v/:'.ich  there  is  a  feeble  liope  enter- 
tained, i>-roanded  en  reports  that  specimens  h  .■;? 
been  discovered  in  various  places  witlun  IJ  to  15 


more  obviously  the  occasion  of  this  jirotfressiverise 
and  liig-h  prices,  than,  1st.  the  g-reat  increase  wiih- 
in  a  few  years  of  nominal  money  (bank  notes);  and 
2dlv,  the  introduction  of  sheep  so  p^encrally  into  tliat 
portion  of  country  tliat  would  otjicrwise  have  sup- 
plied beef  and  oilicr  meats.  Prom  the  best  ac- 
count the  v.'i'itcr  could'  obtain,  there  were,  in  the 
year  1814,  in  the  hands  of  21  farmers  in  the  vicini- 


With  res]iect  to  the  general  lieallh  or"  Wilm.iQ;^-- 
ton  and  its  vicinity,  it  is  expected  to  introduce 
some  stater..ents  and  observations  which,  it  is  pre- 
sumed, will  be  found  interesting",  an;l  the  v.-ri- 
ter  would  be  g-r-itihed  had  L:;  the  means  of -en- 
tering- into  comparisons  v.'ith  other  towns  of'  the 
United  States,  as  regards  healta  and  long'evity. — 
One  general  remark  may  be  made  as  regards  lengtii 


ty  of  Wilmington,  4,300  sheep,  viz.   746  merinos,'/'^  ^"^-   ''i  America,   on    wh.ch   great  prejudice,  or 
2,317  of  mixed  breeds,  and  1  239  common.     If  svcW'^^^  "'■':"'■  -''"-]  n»'^mf>rmation    appears  to  exis.--^ 
take  into  view  all  the  farmers  in  a  circle  of  twelve  1^'^^  ^'^^^^i^'    P^i'l'^P^.    o^  the  closet  speculations  o. 
miles  round   this  town,   -,ho  attend  our  markets,  it!'^'^'"^  •^^u'opean  system  bunders:       _ 
is  a  reasonable  supposition  that  there  are  at   least!  .  An  European  traveller  ex.uninmgm.oo-ar  poptila- 


cquivalent  to  more  than   half  a  million  of  pounds 


wnicii  SI 


weight  of  years  could  arise 


of  beef:  and,  as  few  ofthosesl.eep  have  been  brought  pV  ^  Vf  ^' .<^'^"''  ''r  ^^■^''''^-  ''f  ^  •  P'^P'^^'^^"^*/  "^"^^ 
into  our  market,  it  is  presumed,  the  necessity  of  a  I  I'V;  ";'M''V''?''T'   '?  America,  amounted  to  but 

..apply  of  beef  has  occasioned  an  increased  de-l*^'^^''J^Vi-"l^^"^^^i?:l^'  T^^=^t -^"^^^'^^^^"'^  ^^■-^^.■^'^.'^-- 
mand■  for  otlier  kinds  of  meat-kence  a  riseof  the;p^<^t  that  we    should   now   possess  an  cq-uivalcnt 

price  in  beef  from  its  scarcity,  and  of  pork,  veal.jP-'.T'^^"^'""/'^  anc.en>  perso-is  for  Smdlions  of  m- 
mutton,  poultry,  £cc.  from  the"  i:-.creased  consump-  l^^'?^^^^'.^'^^  'J'''^  countries  m  t-tn-oi^e  cto  whose  popu- 
tion.  \nothcr  cause  may,  also,  with  great proprie-P^^^'f^  ^^'  '^"'^  '^''^'  •^"'^. '■■''''^  '^'^ .''r/;";^,^^'"  '^^^^^^- 
ty,bead.led-thc  increased  number  oV  laboreri  and  T'  ^'  T^  carry  our  views  b..clc  lull  lOuyears  we 
U'orkmen;  first,  to  erect  the  Imiidings  .br  the  dlf-l-^^'''  V^^^'  find  that  what  is  noy  tlie  Li.ited 
ferent  manufactories  that  h.-.vc  g-owu  up  witliinl'^',^;^;;'  ^:l''  . 'if ' '?t  tl>;;M^<^'-'oJ,  c.mt^m  more  tn.m 
10  ye.irs;  and,  secondly,  the  manufaccurers  them-  f  ^^'^.^'^  individuals.  It  is  true  that  a  great  num- 
^1  „     r.    ,  •     t    1     f  J  (?„  ,  *'        •.  „i     berof  i)cr.sons  have  emigrated  to  this  trom  toreigu 

selves,  all  of  whom  were  to  be  red  ii'om  tne  cu-cle  .'        .  ,,    ^    .■         i    ^    c-  ,     -^  .,    -^ 

c       '  1  •  .    ii     4.  1 ]    J      'I-.;  •     couniries  since    that    time;  but  it  we  admit  these 

of  coimtry  upon  v.-hich  the  town  depended.      I  Uis        .         .     ^  ^  4.     *       ti  .  ,. 

..  .       £.^,  .   '         .„         ,1,  •„  1  emigrants  to  amount  to  ten  thousand  a  year,  lor  a 

state  ofthing-s  will  probably  experience  a  ch.-.nge         >»  ^.,,    .,  11   1      •  c       \, 

c        4,  ^         .     '     ,        ■        '(      "        ■     u  century,    still    it   would  be   improi^er  from   these 

irom  tlie  proo-re^sivc  advancement  or   agriculture,'  -'  -  '      *  - 


aivd  the  natural  liigh  prices  to  draw  in  a  larger  ex 
tent  of  country  to  participate  in  those  prices.  But 
in  the  article  of  fire  wood,  a  great  adv:!.nce  has  ta- 
ken place  in  the  last  30  years,  and  we  may  expect 
li  continued  rise  until  coal  shall  be  more  gener  illv 
used,  or  much  more  economy  emoloyed  in  the  con- 
sumption of  fuel;  for,  as  the  number  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  our  tovv'ns  increase  and  manuf  ictui-es  that 
require  fuel  are  introduced,  the  woods  of  "he  neigh- 


sources  to  expect  as  full  a  proportion  of  lengtii  of 
life  as  ma.y  witii  propriety  be  looked  for  in  countries 
wliose  lands  iiave  been  long  cleared,  tlieir  iiistiiu- 
tioas  perxected,  and  tlieir  population  full. 

SUrl'LiJ.IIE-VTAlir    so  TES. 

Recapitulation  of  the  u<ater--,aorks  noticed. 
Mills  fjr  grin   lag  grain,  of  2  puir  stones  cacii 
Cotton  mids  c  ticulated  for  19,0JO  spindles 
vV^ooilen  in anufictories 


44 

13 

6 

19 


to  the  writers  if  tiiey  could  h.ive  conveniently  ob- 
tained the  documen{s  necessary  to  exiiibit  a  state- 
ment of  the  general  tuxes  of  the  r;t  .te  for  seven 
years,  but  as  that  could  not  be  done  without  more 
exertion  than  it  was  convenient  for  them  to  make, 
they  have  been  obliged  to  content  themselves  witli 
the  official  accounts  for  1310  and  1811,  which  ex- 
hibit as  f )  lows: 

state  tax:  county  ta^:         poor  tax:  roai!  tax: 

1810,12,324  67  18,6j3  50  11,468  92  11,743  59 
1311,  14,543  91     28,967  78     12,335  52     16,318  85 


,-iaw  mills   15 — pajjcr  mills  2 — snuff"  mills  2 — 
Machine  sliops  (for  m.ikiiig- coiion  and  Vv-oolkn 
machinery)  with  a  wiieel,  each  driven  by  Vv'u- 
tcr  ".  .  .  .  -  4 

Gunpowder  mills  2 — wheels      ,  .  ,6 

Pearl  barley  mill  ,  .  .  1 

iloliing-  and  slitting  mill  .  .  .1 

Fulling  mill  (besides  those  attached  to  \vooilcn 

manufactories)      ....  1 

Wool  carding  mills  for  domestic  purposes  2 

Oil  Mill         '       .  .  .  ,1 

Glazing  and  pressing  mill  .  .  :^ 


Total,     <5126,302  74     |  ^.  ^"^1  •  .  y'J 

Which  is  at  the  rate  of  1731  cents  to  eac'.i  indivi-       The  most  distant  ot    the  above  mcntione,.  esta 
dual  in  the  state;  population  at  72,674  persons,         Iblist'.ments  from   V/ilmmgton  docs'  not  e:.ce^d^  9 


96       KII^ES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  7,  IS15. 


if.ilcs.  Their  v/orth,  independent  of  ciipital  era- 
ploved  in  the  various  processes,  may  be  safely  esti- 
Tiiaied  at  $5500,000. 

[The  editor's  thinks  this  valuation  greatlii  short 
of  what  it  sliould  be.] 

On  the  sa!;jcct  of  the  rapid  g'rowth  and  exten- 
sion of  the  cotton  and  v.oollen  business  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  \vc  may  mentic^n,  that  a  few  weeks  since 
persons  fi-om  various  neig-liborh.oods  around  W;l- 
mington,  met  at  tlie  house  of  the  writer  of  this 
note,  and,  conversing  on  tliis  matter,  they  could, 
from  their  own  personal  ki'^owlcdge,  name  thirtunvx- 
nufactories  for  either  wool  or  cotton,  within  twen- 
ty miles.  Many  of  them  are  smrdl,  it  is  true;  but 
if  the  business  is  supported,  will  be  extended. 

Intelligent  persons  have  doulited  the  propriety 
of  introducing-  larf;e  manuficturing  eslablislin-ients 
into  the  United  States,  on  account  of  tlieir  moral 
imd  physical  eifects  upon  the  persons  employed  in 
them.  "  Leaving  tliis  quesuon  for  ubl,cr  writers,  we 
shall  hej-c  only  notice  tjie  udvantages  that  migl:t 
arise,  in  a  pecuniary  poir.t  of  view,  from  bringhig 
into  complete  operation  the  whole  number  of  cot- 
t Ml  and  woollen  manufactories  we  liave  mentioned. 
It  is  well  known,  tliat  in  this  countr^v,  (generally,  it 
is  presvmied)  cldldren,  from  tii-cir  bn-ib  until  they 
are  of  an  age  to  go  into  apprenticeships  (say  14  or 
16)  render  little  service  to  tlieii-  parents:  this  is 
jiiore  especially  the  case  in  towns.  But  it  is  tliis 
description  of  persons  who  are  required  in  cotion 
find  woollen  works,  and  their  wages  vary  from  gi 
25  to  ^2  50cenis.  per  week. 

Taking  ^2  as  tlie  average  weekly  allow- 
ance  for  cr.ch  person,   and  rt-ckoning 
on  19,000  cotton  spindles  at  20  children 
to  each  1000,  will  give  us,  for  45  weeks 
'         oftheyera-,  .  •  •         gi34,200 

And  for  6  wooiicn  mills, by  the  same  rule, 

for  120  children,  '.  .  10,800 

One  himdred  ciiildren   setting  cards,   at 

ten  cents  per  day,  for  300  days,  is  3,000 


48,000 
which  is  a  large  sum  for  a  small  district  of  couniry, 
obtained  f.om  achiss  of  citizens  who  liave  generally 
yielded  little  or  nothing  to  the  community. 

To  obviate,  in  some  degree,  the  disadvantage; 
that  a  long  continuance  of  children  in  manufacto- 
ries is  likely  to  produce,  from  a  want  of  education 
and  a  knowledge  of  tliose  domestic  arts  and  com- 
forts that  seem  almost  essential  to  future  welfare; 
liesides  the  li.-bility  they  are  subjected  to  of  a  con- 
tamination of  tlieir  morals, — we  take  the  liberty 
of  suggesting  tlie  propriety  of  an  interference  of 
legislative  authority  to  oblige  the  ownei's  of  manu- 
facturing establishnients  to  provide  a  certain  por- 
tion of  iiterai-y  education  for  the  children  they  cm- 
plov,  and  Isat  no  apprenticeship,  to  tuc  cotton  spin- 
viint^  mere  y,  shall  exceed  four  years.  To  compen- 
jiate  tl<e  mannfxturer  for  tlic  expense  that  vv'ould 
necessarily  arise  from  sucli  a  jirovislon,  his  mih- 
property  might  be  exempted  f  om  taxation,  and  lus 
ivoriimen  from  military  service. 

It  is  not  a  little  surjirising  to  what  importance  a 
business  that  a  few,  very  ftvv  years  since,  v/as  un- 
known in  tliis  place,  has  grown  ifj) — we  mean  the 
jnachine-making  business  for  woollen  and  cotton. 
In  Uie  year  ISl-t,  the  live  shops  in  AVilmington  ;ind 
at  Brandywine  emjiloyed  64  hands — fo\u-ot]ier  sliops 
■within  a  few  miles  of  die  town  kept  44  hands  in 
employment.     The  wages  of  these  persons  cannot 


be  estimated  at   less  than  thirty  thousand  dolloi'B 
per  annum. 

A  cai-d  making  establisliment  on  improved  prin- 
ciples wa.s  brought  into  operation  in  Wilmington  in 
1814,  that  employed  more  than  100  persons,  men, 
women  and  children. 

Tlie  streets  of  "Wilmington  run  par.allel  and  at 
right  angles  witli  eacli  other,  thfeir  direction  nearly 
N".  K.  and  S.  W.  antl  N.  AV.  and  S.  i:. 

'I'iicre  still  remains  within  the  borough  a  place 
of  worship  erected  b}-  the  Swedes,  who  were  tlic 
first  settlers  on  t!ie  Delaware;  tlie  date  of  its  erec- 
tion, as  appears  by  iron  figures,  attaclied  to  the 
wall,  is  1698. 

ALiils  for  the  eastern  and  soutliern  slates  clo.^e 
every  day  in  V/iimington;  one  fir  the  peninsula,  be- 
tween tlie  l)elaw;;re  and  C;it9:ipe:-.kc,  three  times  a 
week,  and  for  other  places  at  other  limes.  Two. 
and  sometimes  more  stag-es,  pass  througli  the  town 
to  and  from  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  everyday; 
one  comes  from  and  returns  into  the  peninsula  tin-ice 
:i  week;  one  to  and  from  New  Cas'.lo  every  day, 
md  four  leave  the  town,  six  times  in  Ihc  vreek,  for 
Pliiladelphi  1.  Three  packets  belong  to  the  town 
tiiat  trade  to  Philadelphia,  and  a  steam-bo;it  is  Tun- 
ing in  pai-t  of  a  line  of  steam-boats  f.nd  stages  from 
B.iltimQre,  tlirough  Eikton,  Ciiristiana  Bridge  and 
Wilniingion,  to  l*hil;idelphia. 

The  main  post  and  turnj^ike  rOad  from  Diiladel- 
pliia,  westward,  cro-ses  tlie  Brandywine,  about  25 
miles  above  ^^'ilmington;  fnmi  tliat  point  there  is 
300  feet  of  fall  to  the  tide  water;  this  being  but 
about  one  lialfthe  length  of  the  stream  and  several 
vahu.ble  branches  entering  into  the  m;:in  river. — 
From  what  is  already  known,  it  is  presumed  tliat 
not  less  than  150  water  works  for  various  jiurposes 
are  erected  on  them.  ^ 

Wilmington  receives  a  principal  j>art  of  i/s  vratcr 
for  drinking  and  cidinary  purposes  by  means  of 
pipes  from  two  springs;  one  within  the  town  end 
orie  without  the  boroug-h.     Tiie  water  is  good. 

A  view  from  the  town-liotise  of  Wilmi;)gton  pre- 
sents a  rich  an.d  variegated  scene;  from  cast  to 
south  the  eye  ranges  over  the  flat  lands  and  mean- 
derings  of  tiie  Christiana,  Braiulyvidne  and  Skiipot; 
tlie  Delaware,  enlivened  by  vessels,  and  tlie  sombre 
woods  of  Xew  Jersey;  in  evei-y  other  point  tlie  scene 
is  enriched  by  a  jierpetual  succession  of  Iiills  and 
valiies,  clumps  or  bodies  of  wood,  orchards,  f.n-m- 
!ouse.s,  gentlemen's  seats  of  different  character  and 
materials,  and  at  very  different  elevations. 

Thougli  the  neighborhood  of  Wilmington  abounds 
in  high  lands,  in  some  parts  hilly  and  broken,  we 
have  i'f^w  mineral  substances  to  notice. 

The  rocks  over  which  our  rivers  fnll  at  t!ie  licad 
of  the  tide,  we  believe  to  be  of  the  hornblende 
sijecies,  of  various  cliaractcr;  decompc.-ed  felt  spar, 
graphic  granite  and  mica,  are  occiisionally  met 
M'itli.  Bat  the  m.ost  valuable  material  ofthemine- 
iiiil  kingdom  known  to  abotmd  in  this  neighbor- 
liood,  is  a  very  line  clay,  much  in  dem.md  for  glass 
works;  and  fm-  that  purpose  is  transported  every 
\ear  to  Xew  Jersey',  tlie  eastern  states,  and  Pitts- 
b-nrar  and  its  neigliborhood,  in  considerable  quanti- 
ties,  '.'he  principal  bed  of  this  material  is  in  the 
river  Delaware,  near  New  Castle,  under  tide  water. 
But  valuable  clays  abound  on  the  Christian:!,  White 
and  }{cd  Clay  creek  and  Brandywine;  find  which 
nia),  at  no  disti.nt  period,  furnish  a  principal  ingre- 
dient in  important  munufactui-es  of  Amcricait  por- 
cchiiiv 


FILES'  MIEEKLY  REGISTER -WILMINGTON  DEL. 


97 


The  ow-nevs  of  the  Brandvwine  mills  have  nine 
sloops  of  from  40  to  60  tons  Ijurthen,  tliat  are  em- 
;ploycd  in  the  business  of  the  mills. 

The  first  mill  below  the  post  road  on  the  Bran- 
dywine  was  erected  aliout  the  year  l7o9. 


The  exports  from  the  district  of  Delaware  liavc 
for  many  years  been  inconsiderable.  Heavy  losses 
.sustained"  bv  our  merchants  during'  the  wars  of  tlie 
French  revolution,  and  the  vicinity  of  Philadelplua, 
where  commercial  business  can  be  carried  on  with 
•greater  facility,  may  be  asslgnied  as  the  causes 
•why  the  trade  to  foreigTi  countries  i.s  at  so  le^^v  an 
«bb. 

The  exports  of  tliis  district  (;tnd  nearly  tlie  wliole 
^f^-om  Wilmin.s^ton)  for  tjic  year  1811,  was— 

Domestic  articles         ,  .  g76,945 

Foreign       do.        .  .  -       11,6"8 


T«tal 


58,623 


The  tonnag-e  of  the  disti-ict  for  the  year  ISIO, 
was  8,192, 


On  the  rnoBABiLiTr  of  uuwax  life,  iv  the  sjid- 

BLE  STATES,  PAUTICULAIILY  AT  WILMINGTOX  IN  THE 
STATE  OF  BELAWAUE,  AND  ITS  YItlNITV. 

That  there  are  regions  v.diere  diseases  of  variolis 
appearances  and  names  are  more  common,  or  more 
fatal,  than  in  others,  is  a  fact  of  which,  we  presume, 
there  can  be  very  little  doubt;  yet,  it  h  almost  as  cer- 
tain that,  on  this  subject,  a  g-r'eat  body  of  prejudice 
exists.  Opinions  embraced  in  youth,  especially  tliosc 
m  favor  of  our  own  country,  are  eradicated  wi'di 
difficulty;  hence  we  behold,  in  many  writers,  the 
most  al>surd  contradictions,  andinti-avellers  uncon- 
querable prepossessions,  denouncing'  large  sections 
of  the  cartii  f)r  blemishes  that,  if  they  exist  at  all, 
are  local,  and  justly  applicable  to  confined  districts 
only  :  innumerable  examples  miglitbe  adduced,  but 
the  most  general  prejudice,  of  this  nature,  is,  ])er- 
Jiaps,  that'of  the  northern,  or  cold,  climates  being 
the  pre-eminent  residence  of  liealth  and  long  life. 
These  erroneous  ideas  seem  to  have  been  early  in- 
terwoven in  the  minds  of  northern  Europeans  ;  and 
the  same  distempered  fancy  strongl}-  operates,  at 
present,  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States  ;  so  that 
if  the  trutli  be  "made  known,  if  it  be  declared  that 
as  much,  or  more,  good  health  and  longevity  prevail 
to  the  south  of  the  Hudson  as  to  the  north  of  it, 
ihdt  truth  would  scarcely  be  credited;  yet  such,  v/e 
doubt  not,  is  the  fact. 

It  would  rot  be  difficult  to  point  out  some  of  the 
causes  th.at  have  served  to  create  and  nourish  tho.se 
prejudices  ;  but  tb.e  limits  prescribed  to  this  essay- 
do  not  permit  a  full  discussion,  in  liiis  placQ.  .Suf- 
fice it  to  sa}-,  that  heat  is  the  principle  of  life  and 
.strength  (as  it  may  be  of  destruction)  and,  that, 
wlicn  unaccompanied  with  extraneous  and  poisonous 
matter,  it  is  seldom  found,  on  any  part  of  our  g-lsbe, 
in  a  degree  iiijiu-ious  to  the  human  species  :  thus 
we  sec  th.c  Spani.ird  is  a  superior  being  to  the  Lap- 
l.ander  ;  so  is  tlic  C.ulb,  ti;e  (Jrcek  or  Cherokee,  to 
the  Esquimaux  ;  and  it  is  frona  these  children  of 
nature,  on   Vt'lioia  the  clement?  have  their  fullest 


effect,  that  our  conclusions  should  be  dra\\"i,  as  to 
the  influence  of  climate  on  the  body.  It  is  true, 
that  nmch  perfection  is  often  found  in  cold  coun- 
tries; but  it  is  found  because  lieat  is  created  and 
majntained  by  artificial  niciins. 

It  tiierefore  appears  safe  to  conclude,  that  in 
e\-ery  climate,  wiiere  man  js  furnished  witli  su-ricicnt 
warmth,  takes  proper  exercise,  and  is  supplied 
with  plenty  of  food  that  is  palatable  to  liim,  he 
may  enjoy  th.at  degree  of  health  and  longevity  wliich 
is  compatible  with  his  nature  ;  though,  as  before 
mentioned,  tiiere  are  local  jiroperties  which,  joined 
to  manners,  give  some  districts  a  decided  advantage 
over  others ;  but  tliat  those  proporties  are  not 
marked  by  the  degree  of  latitude,  nor  always  \-\- 
the  temperature  of  the  air. 

How  far  tlie  favorable  requisites  are  pofi.scssed  at 
Wiiming-lon  .and  its  vicinity,  embraced  in  tb.e  folr 
lowing  statement.?,  the  diligent  enquirer  may  be 
eiiabied  to  determine,  Tkil,  it  should  be  premised, 
?')i-  the  consideration  of  the  P.ur'ipcan,  cspcciallv, 
that  with  tlie  same  degree  of  health  in  tlie  United 
States  as  in  Europe,  tiiere  oug-lit  not  to  be  at  pre- 
sent, near  so  g-reat  a  proportion  of  old  persons  lierc 
:i.s  there,  where  the  population  has  long  been  nearly 
st.Jionary.  For  examidc,  let  tiie  age  required  be 
eighty  years  :  then,  a  country  which  eighty  rears 
ago  hiid  seven  millions  of  inhabitants,  and  has  about 
tiic  s.mie  number,  at  present,  should  now  liave  seven 
times  .as  many  ])eople  of  eighty  years  old  as  ai'e  in 
liie  United  States;  because,  80  years  ago,  there  Vi  as 
not  here  a  stock  of  more  than  one  milliori  (probably 
not  near  so  many)  from  v.diich  tlicy  could  be  drawn": 
And  such  ought  to  be  the  disfropnrtion  between 
this  and  the  old  settled  countries,  were  it  not  for 
two  reasons  ;  first,  because  we  liave  received  more 
emigrants  .from  abroad,  who  had  previoVisiv  attained 
matvu'c  age  ;  .and  secondly,  as  it  respects  the  eastern 
and  middle  states,  because  many  of  the  youth  .and 
middle  ag-ed  remove  to  the  soutli  and  west, 
where,  for  the  same  reason,  tiie  proportion  of  old 
persons  is  sm.aller  than  here.  Yet,  on  the  whole, 
such  .an  old  settled  country  should  have,  in  propor- 
tion to  their  numbers,  aeveral  tiuies  as  many  octor 
cenaries  as  we. 


In  some  countrie?,  the  long  establishment  of  cer" 
tain  association.s,  and  the  ofhcial  reports  of  i^roocr 
officers,  reiider  the  subject  of  whicli  we  are  treaiinn- 
comparatively,  easy;  but  in  tliis,  wliere,  except  in 
cities,  no  general  account  is  kej)t ;  and  where,  from 
the  nature  and  variety  of  our  religious  insti'.utions 
anei  our  emigraling  h.ahits,  the  object  is  more  difii- 
cuit  to  obtain  than  in  .any  other"  civilized  nation, 
we  must,  at  least  for  some  time,  lie  contented  with 
the  few  scraps  that  individual  iad^istry  may  pro- 
duce. 

Twenty  years  ago,  v.hen  the  borougli  ofWilmiiTr. 
ton  coi.-ained  about  three  thousand" inhabitants  an 
account  was  taken  of  the  names  and  ages  of  such 
of  them  as  exceeded  sixty  year.s  old;  tJicse  were 
f )und  to  be  one  himdred  and  fifix'-tvi-o  in  number 
viz.  74  males  and  7S  fcinale^;,  and  a  record  has  been 
kept  of  the  decease  of  such  of  them  whose  death 

lias    been  ascertained,    amounting  to   112 (ifteen 

removed  into  distant  ]);irts  of  the  countr\-,  and  vre 
lui\\.'  no  account  of  them  ;  j.r.d  twenty-five  are 
known  to  be  living.  We  give  the  following 'list  and 
record  shewing  tiie  lot  of  caci;  individual  in  tlie 
order  recorded,  viz. 


98         NILES'  WEKKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  OftTOBER  7,  1815. 


{? 

<< 

^ 

^ 

2  S 

c^ 

'Ti 

ni 

.>!. 

**% 

ct 

If 

00  -. 

CO 

Si: 

a 

a 

TO 

.*^-^ 

Co 

4^ 

O 
_j^. 

*.j^ 

Co 

61 

Livinj 

81 

65 

Died 

65 

61 

Uncertain 

65 

Died 

66 

61 

Died 

73 

66 

Uncertain 

61 

Living" 

81 

66 

Did 

72 

61 

[-iving' 

81 

65 

Liviiig 

86 

61 

Uacertaln 

66 

Died 

82 

61 

Died 

78 

66 

Living 

86 

61 

Uncertain 

65 

Died 

70 

61 

Living' 

81 

67 

Died 

61 

Uncertain 

67 

Living 

87 

61 

Uncertain 

67 

Died 

71 

61 

Died 

65 

67 

Died 

70 

61 

Died 

73 

67 

Died 

68 

61 

Living 

81 

67 

Died 

75 

61 

Died 

69 

67 

LMed 

84 

62 

Died 

66 

67 

Died 

70 

62 

Living' 

82 

67 

'>ied 

67 

62 

Died 

63 

67 

Djed 

80 

62 

l.ii\ing; 

82 

67 

iMcd 

78 

63 

Died 

71 

67 

Died 

81 

6.3 

Died 

79 

67 

Uncertain 

63 

Died 

77 

67 

Died 

70 

63 

Living 

83 

6,8 

Died 

81 

63 

Died 

80 

68 

Died 

81 

63 

Living' 

83 

63 

Died 

77 

63 

Living 

83 

68 

Died 

77 

63 

Living- 

83 

68 

laving 

88 

63 

Died 

66 

63 

Living 

88 

63 

Died 

6J 

G3 

Died 

72 

63 

Died 

64 

68 

Died 

69 

63 

Died 

75 

68 

08 

Uncertain 

64 

Died 

64 

Living 

88 

64 

Died 

82 

68 

Died 

83 

64 

I-iving' 

84 

69 

l)ic;d 

72 

64 

Died 

82 

69 

Died 

71 

64 

Uncertain 

69 

Djed 

78 

64 

Died 

65 

69 

Died 

73 

64 

Died 

75 

70 

Died 

86 

64 

Died 

67 

70 

Died 

83 

64 

Died 

82 

71 

Uncertain 

64 

Lh-i!\g 

8; 

71 

L'ncertain 

64 

Living 

84 

71 

Died 

75 

64 

Died 

78 

71 

Living   _ 

91 

64 

Living 

8!. 

71 

Unceriain 

64 

Living 

81. 

71 

Dii?d 

75 

65 

Living 

85 

71 

Died 

82 

65 

Living 

85 

71 

Died 

75 

65 

Died 

76 

71 

Died 

79 

65 

Died 

69 

71 

Died 

76 

65 

Died 

75 

71 

Died 

72 

65 

Uncertain 

71 

Died 

84 

The  first  column  shews  the  several  ages  oftl'osc 
who  were  l>ving  in  the  year  1794;  the  second  shews 
the  condition,  as  it  respects  life,  deatii,  or  iiiicer- 
tainty;  the  third  shews  the  ages  at  which,  those  wJio 
are  known  to  have  died,  departed  this  life;  and  the 
irburtlv  shews  the  present  ages  of  those  who  are 
known  to  be  living. 

Some  information  on  this  subject,  was,  in  the  year 
1794,  furnished  the  editor  of  Curey'.s  edition  of 
Guthrie's  Grammer,  published  about  that  time  in 
Philadelphia;  but,  though  drawni  from  tlie  same 
source  as  the  above  list,  yet  there  is  some  ditierence 
between  them  ;  whether  this  diderencc  has  arisen 
from  the  haste  with  which  thiit  statement  was  given, 
being  then  not  completed,  or  from  some  ndscon* 


SJ 

< 

^. 

a 

rt 

r* 

--) 

f-":* 

s 

CO 

•o 

rf^-^i 

s 

M 

4^ 

CD 

^^- 

\« 

*• 

71 

Died 

77 

71 

Died 

72 

72 

Died 

78 

72 

Died 

79 

72 

Died 

76 

72 

Died 

75 

72 

Died 

89 

73 

Died 

86 

73 

Died 

86 

73 

Died 

82 

73 

Died 

84 

74 

Died 

75 

74 

i)ied 

77 

74 

Died 

76 

74 

Died 

76 

74 

Died 

75 

74 

Died 

76 

74 

Died 

76 

75 

Died 

76 

75 

Died 

77 

76 

Died 

90 

76 

Died 

82 

76 

Died 

79 

76 

Died 

85 

77 

Died 

77 

77 

I3ied 

78 

78 

Died 

87 

78 

Died 

79 

79  ' 

Died 

80 

80 

Died 

81 

81 

Died 

87 

81 

Died 

85 

81 

Died 

81 

81 

Died 

87 

83 

Died 

96 

84 

Died 

96 

84 

Died 

84 

84 

Died 

91 

85 

Died 

85 

S5 

Died 

92 

85 

Died 

85 

86 

Died 

92 

86 

Die<l 

86 

87 

Uncertain 

89 

Died 

95 

89 

Died 

94 

90 

Died 

90 

91 

Uncertain 

99 

Died 

103 

101 

Died 

102 

struction  of  tlie  copy,  we  cannot  now  determine  :— • 
liovv'cver,  tlie  alcove  is  the  result  of  cnusidcralde 
time  and  care  ;  and  is  believed  to  be  as  correct  as 
any  thing  of  tlic  kind  can  well  be. 

[t  may  be  necessary  to  mention,  that  in  the  forego- 
ing, ;'nd  all  the  .subsequent  statements,  no  fractional 
parts  of  a  year  is  either  added  or  deducted. 

It  then  appears,  that  in  1794,  of  a  population  of 
3000  per.^ons,  152  had  attained  the  age  of  60  years 
and  upwards  ;  of  whom  63  had  attaiiied  the  70th  ; 
of  whom  21  had  attained  tlie  SOth  ;  of  wliom  12  liad 
attained  the  85tli ;  of  whom  4  i);;d  attained  tlie  90th ; 
of  wliom  one  was  in  the  95tli,  one  in  the  99th,  and 
one  in  the  101st  year. 

That,  of  Uie  113  who  arc  knov,n  to  luivc  died,  46 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WILMINGTON,  DEL. 


99 


attained  tlve  SOlh  vear ;  of  whom  26  atuuned  the 
85tli ;  of  whom  12  attamed  the  90th ;  or  wiiom  3 
were  in  tlic  91st,  tv.'o  in  tiic  92d,  one  in  t!ie  94th, 
one  in  tlic  95th,  two  in  the  96l]x,  one  in  the  101st, 
and  one  in  the  103d  vear. 

That  iiftcen,  viz.  6vc  in  the  61st,  one  in  the  64th, 


pear  tliat  any  of  tlie  relip^ious  congrejfntions  of  this 
place  (WilmingLon)  except  tliat  of  the  society  of 
Friends  has  such  record;  therefore  to  that  society 
done  we  cnnfined  all  tiie  instances  wo  shall  here- 
after particnLirizc. 

Wlictlier  examples  drawn  from  aparticuLir  socie- 


onc  in  tlie  66tli,  one  in  the  66tli,  one  in  the  67th,  one  i  ty  should  be  considered  as  a  standard  by  which  v.c 
jn  the  G8tli,  three  in  tlie  70th,  one  in  the  87'th,  and  lean  form  conclusions  jnstly  applicable  to  the  wliole 
and  one  in  the  91st  year,  liaving  removed  to  distant  ]  community,  there  may  be  less  difference  of  opinion 


parts  of  the  countiy,  no  account  has  been  received 
of  them.  .      .  . 

And  that,  twenty-five  are  knov/n  to  be  stilllivrng-, 
viz.  five  in  the  81st,  tv.'o  in  tlie  82ad,  four  in  the 
8.3d,  five  in  the  84th,  two  in  the  85th,  two  in  the 
86th,  tlireein  the  83th,  and  one  in  the  91st  year. 

How  far  this  statement  may  exceed,  or  f.dl  short 
of  the  experience  of  other  placca,  or  parts  of  the 
world,  we  do  not,  at  present,  undertake  to  deter- 
mine; nor  do  we  know,  precisely,  the  roetl-.od  which 
calculators,  in  Europe,  have  generally  followed  to 
^scertiiin  the  prohability  of  life  in  various  places  on 
tliat   continent.     But   'in    certiun   publications,  we 
have  seen  on  that  subject,  tliere  aiipears  something 
unintelligible  whentliey  tell  us  that  in  most  places 
in  Europe,  considerably  more  than  one  third  of  those 
born,    die    before  tlic'y  arrive   at  tlie.    apfe    of    ten 
vears,  and  in  some  places  even  five-twelfths  before 
they  ai-e  five;  and  wli(?n  the   census  of  every  large 
city,  there,  shev/s  that  in  such  cities,  tlie  deaths  al- 
ways exceed  the  bii-ths,  of'  en  greatly;  we  say  tliat 
it  is  difficult  to  compreliendhov.'  the  chance  of  life 
tliere  is  as  great,  at  the  time  of  birtli,  as  it  is  here, 
where  not  or.e-third  die   in  the  first  ten  years;  and 


than  in  the  application;  for   prepossession  scerns  tp 
exist  in  almost  every  thing;  some  h.aving  rcprescrt- 
ed  that    body   of  people   as   longer,  and  others  as 
sliortcr  lived  than  tb.eir  fellow  citizens:  If  however, 
we    may  make  any  inference  from  the  statements 
alreatly  given,  and  about  to  be  given,  it  wiU  be  in 
favor  of  the  former  opinion;  for  though,  in  th.e  year 
17*^4,  that  society  did  not  form  one-sixtli  of  th.e  in- 
liabit.mts  of  th.e    iiorough,   yet  of  the  15'2  persons 
mentioned,  49  were  ciiiicr  actual  members  of  that 
society,  or  had  been  educated  in  their  manners;  and 
of  the  25  known   to  be  living,  13  are  of  that  cha- 
racter; and  though  tliis  society  forms  but  a  very 
snviU  speck  amoiig  the  other  families  of  the  earth, 
yet  the  writer  of  tliis  essay  does  not  know  wliere  he 
could  find  among  the  latter,  any   exiimple  corres- 
ponding with,  Gv  equal  to  som.e  of  the  foiTncr,^s  it 
relates  to  general  long  life  enjoyed  liy  the  chihlren 
of  the  same  parents.     Hence  vre    ratlier  conclude 
tli.at  the  liills  of  mortality  of  the  socict}-  ai'e  too  fa- 
vorable for  a  general  rule. 

The  congregation  of  the  said  society  resident  in 
Wilmington  and  its  neighborliood  consists,  at  pre- 
sent, of  657  members;  of  whom.  176  are  under  six- 


wliere  even  in  large  cities  tlie  births  f.ir  exceed  the  teen  and  160  above  forty-five  years  old,  of  wliom 


-deaths.  Yet  it  would  appear  from  a  tublc  lately  pub 
lished  by  "The  Pennsylva'  .la  co.  for  insurance  on 
iivesj  &c."  that  at  the  birtli  of  a  ciiild  in  Philadel- 
phia the  expectation  of  long  life  is  ratlier  less  ther." 
than  in  some  other  places  named,  although  the  lat- 
ter arc  subjected  to  the  great  mortidity  of  cliiidren 
already  mentioned;  and  though  after  passing  the 
middle  age,  it  seems  we  have  a  decided  advantage. 
Until  these  difficulties  be  removed  or  expl.dned,  we 
may  reasonably  suspcQt  some  uncertainty  in  the 
-mode  of  calculation,  or  some  sinister  views  in  form- 
ing the  result. 

.  Of  the  European  writers,  several  have  extrl-ca- 
tcd  themselves  from  the  shackels  of  prejudice, 
when  treating  of  the  Americans;  among  these  arc 
Brissot  de  Wai-viile  and  Baron  dc  ilumbold,  both  of 
them  practical  and  recent  travellers;  and  who,l\esides 
these  advantages,  were,  in  other  respects,  as  well 


sixty -three  are  above  sixty;  of  whom  eight  are  above 
eighty,  Within  the  last  six  years,  viz.  from  1808 
to  1813  inclusive,  there  liave  been  but  eighty-one 
births,  and  fifl)-one  deaths;  of  the  latter  twelve  are 
under  ten,  and  four  had  reached  the  SOth  year  and 
upwards. 

The  small  number  of  either  births,  or  burials,  and 
also  of  youtiis  under  sixtecn,when  coniparcd  with  the 
general  result  of  population  in  the  United  States, 
may,  in  part,  be  attributed  to  a  circumstance  that 
happens,  not  nnf.cquently,  viz.  that  of  young-  per- 
sons marrying  contrary  to  tlie  established  order,  in 
v,"hich  case  tliey  become  disu.nited  from  member- 
ship, at  a  period  the  most  likely  to  add  to  the 
numbers  of  the  community;  but  this  circumstance, 
though  it  must  have  considerable  effect  in  reducing 
tiie  number  of  births,  and  of  youths  under  sixteen, 
docs  not  so  materially  affect  the  list  of  deatlis,  as 


qualified  to  judge  as  tliosc  who,  without  h;iving|  the  disowned  members  generally  return  to  tlic  s<i- 
moved  from  the  closets  of  their  own  country,  liave  jclety  before  their  decease.  Another,  and  perhaps 
libelled  the  men  of  tliQ  western  or  American  cpnti-  i  the  principal  cause  of  so  small  a  proportion  of  births 
nciit. 

The  first  named  of  these  writers,  in  the  v.-armth 
of  his  zeal  to  do  justice  to  tlie  effects  of  freedom 
on  man,  has,  indeed,  in  many  instances,  bestowed 
praises  too  unqualified,  both  on  many  persons  ;uid 
things  in  the  United  States;  yet,  generally,  his 
principles  are  excellent;  and  we  believe  his  obser- 
vations are  founded  on  face  and  reason  when  he  de- 
cides that  the  people  of  the  United  States  livelon 


as  one  to  fifty  annually,  is  to  be  found  in  tlie  unu- 
sual proportion  of  tliosc  who  ai-c  beyond  the  mcre- 
dian  of  life;  which,  in  this  instance,  constitutes 
nearly  one-fourth  of  tiie  whole,  instead  of  about 
one  ni'ith,  wliicli  appeai-s  to  be  the  common  ratio, 
and  it  is  presimied  that  th .  proportion  above  sixty 
is  still  greater. 

The  next  example,  we  arc  possessed  of,  is  also 
of  a  pretty  general  character  ;  embracing  persons 


ger  tlian  those  of  Ivirope.     The  tables  of  mortality    of  various  ages,  and  may,  ]5ej-haps,  serve  as  a  basi 


"that  he  collected  in  the  eastern  states  (wiiere  tliere 
seems  long  to  have  been  some  attention  p;dd  to  the 
subject)  and  the  physical  and  moral  causes  advanced, 
being  suificient  to  authorise  such  an  opini.>n. 

Tlie  paucity  of  data  witii  wliicli  we  in  this  part  of 
the  United  States,  are  farnislied,  does  not  enable  us 
to  give  an  account  of  the  annual  bh'tiis  and  bui'ials 
of  the  whole  population  of  any  district,  tliere  be- 
iHif  no  public  rccf-'rd  of  tiie  kind,  npr   doeo  it  un- 


for  calculation    respecting  th.e  neighborhood  and 
people  from  which  it  is  drawn.  ■ 

In  the  year  1757  a  marriage  was  celebrated  .at 
a  meeting  of  said  society,  at  thishcn  in  the  county 
of  Chester  and  state  of  Pennsylvania  (fifteen  miles 
north  of  Wilmington)  ;  ti;e  instrument  was  signed 
by  the  parties  and  sixty  witnesses,  of  lawful  ag'C^ 
viz.  three  between  16  and  20;  twenty-one  between  2B 
;uid  30;  six  l)eiv/<:cn  iO  and  40;  fifteen  between  -10 ant! 


100        NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  7,  1815. 


50-  twelve  between  50  and  CO,  and  three  .ibove  6J 
years  old.  In  the  30th  _year  after  marriag-e,  the  hus- 
band wife  and  six  cliilclrcn  (all  they  ever  iiad)  and 
twentj'-ninc  of  the  witnesses  were  living-;  in  that  year 
the  husbiind  died.  In  the  40tliyear,  tiie  widow,  all  her 
children  and  ci-!;hteen  of  the  witnesses  wcreiivinj;-.  In 
the  45tl!  year,  the  widow,  all  licr  children  and  fificcn 
ofthe  witnesses  were  living-.  In  the  5otli  year,  tiit 
widow,  all  her  cliildren  and  eight  of  the  witnesses 
were  livin;^- ;  in  tliat  year  the  widow  died  ;  and  now 
'in  tlie  57th  year,  all  the  s;ud  children  and  six  of  the 
■witnesses  are  living-. 

Durin"-  the  54^  years  and  upwards,  thatthii  wor- 
thy matron  lived  the  mi^u-css  of  a  family  wliich, 
]5robably,  avcrag-cd  cig-ht  or  ten  persons,  no'meinbcr 
of  it,  nor  any  individual  in  it  died,  her  iiusband  ex- 
cepted. 

Wlien  Brissot  de  AVarville  v/as  in  the  slate  of 
Massachusetts  in  1/94,  lie  noticed  a  f.ict  v.hicli  (if 
correct)  is  remarkable,  lie  says  tliat  in  1765  "a 
Mr.  Temple  died  at  tlie  age  of  100,  leaving-  four 
daug-hters  and  four  sons,  of  the  folio  vans::  ag-cs,  86, 
S5,  "83,  81,  79,  77,  75,  73,"  l)ut  thoiig-Ii  such  a  nnni- 
lier  of  aq-ed  sis'.ers  and  brothers  is  reniarkable,  ii  is 
T;till  mucli  more  strange  that  a  man  should  ha^•e  so 
jnany  children  almost  as  old  as  himself !  Therefore, 
until  further  infn-mation  on  the  subject  be  receiv- 
ed, the  strong-cst  presumption  must  exist  that 
there  is  some  error  in  the  statement. 

or  the  cases  we  have  alluded  to,aS  having,  wltiiin 
o\vr  knowled.f^e,  r.o  parallel,  Ave  shall  mention  tlic 
followinp-.  Tiicy  do  not  consist  of  a  list  of  rcn:  uria- 
ricf  but  of  general  exemption  from  prematr.re 
death,  which,'  we  .conceive,  should  be  considered 
.IS  better  evidence  of  health,  than  any  instance  of 
an  individual  whose  existence  may  have  been  pro- 
tracted to  double  the  usual  period  of  liuman  life  : 
they  are  drawn  fiom  the  families  of  the  first,  or  very 
early,  settlers  in  I'cimsyh'ania. 

Daniel  lloopes  and  Jane  A'v'orrellow  v/cre  married 
in  the  county  of  Bucks,    rennsylvania,  in  tlie  y._ar 

1696,  v.hence  they  soon  afterwards  removed  to  tiie 
county  of  Chester,  near  the  waters  of  Cliester  creek 
jind  iBrandywhie,  a  few  miles  nortlnvarnly  from 
■VVilming-to-n ;    their    cldldrcn   were,    Cracc,    born 

1697,  died  1721,  a%ed  24  years  ;  Anne,  born  1698, 
died  1704,  ag-ed  6;  Mary:  born  1700,  died  1765, 
5»g-cd  65;  Hannah,  born  1702,  died  1750,  ag-ed  48  ; 
.loshua,  l)orn  1704,  died  1769,  aged  65 ;  Jane,  liorn 
1705,  died  1789,  aged  83  ;  Anne,  born  1707,  died 
1730,  aged  23  ;  llaniel,  born  1709,  died  1790,  aged 
531 ;  John,  l)orn  1711,  died  1795,  ogcd  8i  ;  Abraham, 
Lorn  1713,  died  1795,  aged  82  -,  Thomas,  born  1714, 
died  1803,  aged  89-;  Elizabctl),  born  1716,  died 
1803,  aged  87  ;  Stephen,  born  1716,  died  1762,  aged 
46;  Xathan,  born  1718,  died  1803,  aged  85;  Wal- 
ter, born  1719,  died  1720,  aged  1  ;  Sarah,  born  1720, 
died  1794,  aged  74,  and  Christian,  born  1722,  still 
living,  aged  93. 

This  family  of  cluldren,  thougli  numerous,  is  not, 
in  th;it  respect,  singular,  they  having  been  surpass- 
ed, numerically,  in  many  instances  ;  but  we  are  not 
ac([uainted  with  any  precedent  of  an  equal  i:q-:>-re- 
rfitic  longevity  in  any  other  f«n>ily  of  cliildrcn  born 
of  one  marriage;  the  said  aggregate  alread}' amount- 
ing to  one  tlioumud  and  thifiy-fcve  years,  and  one  of 
tlie  children  still  living ;  nor  are  we  acquainted  will) 
any  other  instance  wiitre  e/<'7!«i  broihers  and  sisters 
averaged  eighty  je.ars ;  nor  of  any  other  example  of 
so  manv  being  alive  at  the  same  tlmi^,  as  that  their 
ages  added  together  would  make  six  hnidred  and 
an-snty-iiao  years,  as  was  the  fact  with  respect  to 

*  The  last  fortv  vciirs  in  Vvilmingtoii. 


those  in  1789;  nor  wiiere  seven  children  were  living 
7niietj-mne  years  after  the  union  of  their  parents,  as 
was  the  case  with  these  in  1795.* 

To  this  instance  of  general  and  aggregate  longe- 
vity, one  other  of  the''same  character,  shall  be 
added  fro-ni  tjic  same  neighborhood,  a.nd  occurring 
nearly  at  the  same  tin>e,  (viz.  commencirig  abo-at 
the  early  part  of  last  centun-)  Wiicn,  probably, 
there  were  not  two  thousand  inhabitants  within  ten 
miles  around  them. 

John  Cope  and  Charity,  Ins  wife,  had  eiglit  chil- 
dren, and  no  more,  viz.  Uannah,  S;!r>- lel,  Mary, 
John,  Joshua,  Nathan,  Caleb  and  Joseph,  all  nf-ivhom 
were  living  in  1813,  at  the  avei'age  ag-e  of  eiglity 
j-ears.* 

Should  tliis  brief  essay  reacli  the  next  genera- 
tion, it  may  aflbrd  an  opportunity  to  comp.are,  in 
some  degree,  the  effects  of  siinpucity  ot  maimers 
with  those  of  luxury  on  the  liuman  body.  Tlie  oc- 
togenaries,  of  v.'liom  mention  jias  been  made,  though 
nearly  all  possessed  of  consider.-.ble  estates,  were 
broug-lit  up  in  a  plain,  simple  manner,  eating-  the 
food  and  wearing  the  apparei,  produced  on  their  fa- 
thers' or  their  own  farms.  No  balls,  no  theati'cs, 
no  public  spectacles  or  amusements  were  frequent- 
ed by  tljem;  their  common  practice  was  manual 
labor;  and  their  pleasures  consisted  in  piety,  plen- 
t}',  health  and  domestic  cop.cerns.  At  this  day. 
tiiose  manners  are  not  entirel}-  extinct,  nor  do  we 
expect  they  ever  will;  but  the  inroads  of  luxury 
have  made  prodigious  alterations,  and,  no  doubt, 
will  make  greater.  The  consumption  of  whiskey, 
tea  and  coifee  now  forms  a  striking  contrast  to  for- 
mer habits,  as  ihc}-  relate  to  aliment;  and  in  man}' 
other  resjiects  the  dill'erence  is  not  less.  Labor  is 
dreaded  or  despised,  not  only  by  the  giddy  youth, 
but  the  proud  parents  also  endeavor  to  scrc^-n  their 
childroi  from  that  salutary  medicament.  I^et  us, 
say  the}',  make  one  son  a  lav.ycr,  one  a  ]'^hysiciar., 
one  a  mercliant  or  pcdhu- — .my  thing,  rather  than 
a  ploug-hman  cr  smith;  anv  thing-,  rather  than  la- 
Ijor:  this  disposition  seems  to  be  the  fashion  of  the 
day;  tlie  moral  and  political  consequences  of  wliicji 
we  Icnow  m.ust  be  greatly  hijurious;  as  to  its  phy- 
sical effects,  time  may  determine.  Should  future 
generations  continue,  or  increase,  beyosul  tiie  pre- 
sent time,  in  what  is  called  luxin-y,  and  still  fur- 
nish, in  proportion  to  the  existing  population,  as 
great  evidence  of  health  and  long  life,  as  we  have 
now  recorded  ofthe  last  age,  then  it  may  be  dotibt- 
ed  whether,  in  that  respect,  manners  liave  any  influ- 
ence; but  if  a  defalcation  should  be  evident,  then 
let  the  friends  of  their  country,  let  parents  and  le- 
gislatoi-s  exert  tliemselves,  by  precept  and  example, 
to  recover  tlie  good  that  Ims  been  lost;  for,  assured- 
ly, Uie  improved  state  of  the  land  cannot  be  hurt- 
ful, nor  vi'ill  the  increased  numbers  of  its  inhabi- 
tantSj  if  morals,  civil  liberty  and  plenty  obtain,  liave 
any  injurious  effects  on  the  health  and  stamina  of 
mankind. 


*"To  teach  mistaken  man,  these  blessings  are 
entailed  on  temperance,  a  life  of  labor,  and  a  mind 
id  ease." 

*  It  is  also  an  extraordiriary,  though  a' fortuitious. 
circumstance,  that  so  mruiy  children  of  the  same 
parents  should  have  lived  in  three  centuries  ;  these, 
in  the  aggregate,  having  occupied  six  }'ears  in  the 
17tli;  AvVre  living  tiirough  the  whole  of  the  ISth, 
to  the  amo!mt  of  1006  years  ;  and  four  of  them  pass- 
ed into  the  19t!i  century,  in  v.hich  they  l)a\e  already, 
jointly,  lived  twenty -^cir  years. 


J^nLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


loi 


Foreign  Articles. 

London,  August  I'J.— The  foUovving-  parliculars 
#espcciiiig-the  embarkation  of  Uonaparte  on  board 
the  Ncrthumberland,  have  been  received  from  a 
source  enliUed  to  every  credit,  and  we  g-ive  them 
to  the  public  as  authcnac. 

Tnc  HcUerophon  and  tlie  Tonnant  sailed  from  the 
bay  of  Plymoutii  on  Friday ;  but  we  do  not  imasjine 
that  it  was  to  prevent  tlie  application  for  a  writ  of 
habeas  corpus.  The  fact  is  that  the  concourse  of 
boats  were  so  great,  and  the  danger  to  which  they 
v/ere  exposed  (several  lives  hiiving-  been  lost)  that 
govei'nment  thoug-ht  proper  to  order  the  Bellero- 
phcn  to  a  greater  distance.  The  process,  of  v/hich 
so  much  has  been  said,  was  nothing  more  than  an 
©rdiiiai-y  subpana  from  the  omu-t  of  king's  bench, 
procured  by  some  person,  who  had  a  caiibe  pending 
m  that  court  and  who  amused  himself  by  cll.ing  as 
witnesses  Napoleon,  Jerome  and  admiral  Vi;lauu',ez. 
The  Nortimm  her  land  left  Pcrtsmoudion  Friday  al- 
so, and  on  Sundaj'  arrived  off  Torbay.  General 
Bertrand  was  the  first  who  cme  on  board  the  Ton- 
tianv,  where  he  dined  with  lord  Keith,  and  sir  Geo. 
Cockburn.  Sir  Geoj-ge  explained  to  him  his  uistruc- 
tions  with  regard  to  Bonapai-te  ;  one  article  of  which 
was  t.'.at  his  baggage  should  be  examined  before  it 
Was  taken  on  board  the  Northumberland.  Bertrand 
warmiy  protested  against  sending  Bonaparte  to  St. 
Heieno,  when  he  desired  and  expected  to  have  lived 
iii  pe.xe  in  England,  protected  by  I'ng!i:;!i  laws. 
Lord  iveidi  and  sir  George  did  not  enter  iiito  a  dis- 
cussion on  this  point.  A fier  dinner,  theyaccompa- 
niea  iicrfrand  on  board  the  Bcllerophon.  Bctore 
their  arrival,  they  had  taken  fiom  Bonaparte  his 
pistols,  and  all  his  arms.  Tiiose  who  were  not  to 
accompany  him,  v/crc  sent  on  board  the  frigate  Eu- 
rot.jj.  They  shewed  a  great  unwillingness  to  be 
sep.irated  from  him.  Bonaparte  took  leave  of  them 
individually  ;  Savary  and  L'Allemand  were,  how- 
ever, left  on  board  the  Bellerophon. 

When  lord  Keitii  and  sir  George  Cockbm-n  came 
on  boiu'd,  Bonaparte  was  on  deck  ready  to  receive 
them.  Aficr  the  usual  salutaticn,  lord  Keiili  ad- 
dressed himself  to  Bonaparte,  ami  requested  him 
to  say  at  what  hour  he  proposed  to  go  on  board  the 
Northumberland.  Bonaparte  protesied  with  the 
gi'eatest  vehemence  against  tins  act  of  the  British 
government. 

"He  had  not  expected  it — he  could  see  no  reason- 
able objection  to  Ills  residing  in  England,  in  tran- 
quility for  the  reniahider  of  his  days."  Lord  Keitli 
and  sir  George  Cockburn  made  no  reply.  An  Eng- 
lish officer,  who  stood  hear  him,  observed  that  if 
he  was  not  sent  toSc.  Helena,  he  would  be  seat  to 
the  emperor  Alexander.  "God  keep  me  from  the 
Kussians,"  replied  he,  shruggmg-  his  shoulders  and 
addressing  Bertrand. 

"Ai  what  hour  to-morrow  morning,  sliall  I  come, 
.general,  and  accompany  3-ou  on  board  the  JS'ortlium- 
berland  ?"  asked  sir  George  Cockburn.  Bonap.ii-te 
appeared  somewhat  surprised  at  hearing  liimself  ad- 
dressed simply  as  general,  but  replied  "at  10 
o'clock."  Bertrand  and  his  lady,  Savary,  L'Allc- 
m..nd,  count  Monilioloii  and  his  lady  were  neai-  Bo- 
naparte ;  sir  George  Cockburn  asked  Ihem,  ii"  thcv 
v^rishcd  any  thing  before  they  sailed  .■'  Bertrand  re- 
plied, that  he  v.-anted  twenty  packs  of  cards,  a 
backg.immon  board  and  a  set  of  dominos.  Madame 
Bertrand  required  some  articles  of  furniture.  One 
of  the  French  o+iicers,  nephew  of  Jose])hine,  com- 
plained that  they  had  not  kept  their  word  v^'ith  Bo- 
napai-tc,  who  expected  to  reside  in  England  with  liia 
s>\i!te.     Bonaparte  asked  lord  Keith's  oiHUion  ;  who 


merely  replied,  that  he  must  obey  the  orders  he  had' 
received  from  his  government.  Bonaparte  request- 
ed a  second  interview  ;  lord  Keith  refused,  observ- 
ing- that  he  could  give  him  little  satisfaction,  inas- 
much as  his  orders  were  peremptory,  and  it  was  im- 
possible to  make  any  change  in  the  sentence  which 
hael  been  anncunccd  to  him.  An  officer  who  stood 
near  observed,  "had  3'ou  remained  one  hour  longer, 
you  would  have  been  taken  and  sent  to  Paris."  Bo- 
naparte turned  his  eyes  upon  the  speaker,  but  made 
no  reply. 

Sir  George  the  next  morning  very  early  went  on 
board  tr.c  Bellerophon,  to  inspect  the  baggage  of 
Bonaparte.  K  consisted  of  two  services  of  plate,. 
some  articles  of  gold,  a  superb  silver  toilet  set, 
books,  beds,  &c.  8;c.  &c.  The  v/hole  was  carried  on 
board  the  Northumberland  at  ten  o'clock  At  half 
past  eleven  lord  Keith  came  in  the  Tonnant's  ctitter 
on  board  the  Bellerophon,  to  receive  Bonaparte  and 
those  wlio  were  to  accompany  him.  Before  his  ar- 
rival, and  afterwards,  he  convei^ed  with  captain 
i^Iaitland  and  the  officers  of  the  Bellerophon.  He' 
then  went  on  board  the  cutter,  and  again  took  oif 
hij  hat  to  them.  Lord  Keith  recieved  on  board 
the  cutter  the  following-  persons:  Bonaparte;  Ber- 
trand, lady  and  3  chiicirenj  the  count  and  countesa 
Monthoion^and  clakl;  count  Lascasses;  Gen  Gour- 
gand;  9  men  aiid  o  female  servants.  Savary  appear- 
ed much  to  dread  the  idea  of  being  given  up  lo  the 
Frenc-h  government,  after  repeating  that  the  honor 
of  England  would  not  sutier  him  to  be  sent  to 
France. 

At  noon  the  cutter  came  alongside  the  Northum- 
berland. Bertrand  v/as  the  first  who  went  on  bcardj 
Bonapai-te  followed  him.  As  scon  as  he  came  on 
deck  he  said  to  sir  Geo.  Cockburn,  "I  am  under  your 
orders."  He  bowed  to  lord  Lowther  and  Mr.  Lit- 
tleton who  were  near  tiie  admiral,  and  said  some- 
thing to  which  they  replied.  He  asked  one  of  the 
oiacers  in  Vvdiat  corps  he  served.  The  officer  repli- 
ed, "In  the  artillery."  "  I  sprang  from  that  service" 
(je  sors  de  ce  service)  Bonap.a-te  briskly  replied. 
After  taking  leave  of  tlie  officers  who  accompanied 
him  IVom  the  Bellerophon,  he  went  into  the  cabin, 
where  besides  his  principal  attendants,  were  lord 
Keith,  admiral  Cockburn,  lord  Lowther,  and  the  hon. 
.Mr.  Littleton.  Lord  Keith  took  lea\e  of  him  and 
WLivt  on  board  the  Tonnant;  lord  Lowther  and. 
Mr.  Littleton  remained  and  had  a  conversation  of 
nearly  two  hours  wVAx  him. 

The  Bellerophon,  the  Tonnant  and  the  Eurota.s 
returned  to  PI}  mouth  bay  on  Tuesday.  The  .2<^ orth- 
umberliuid  cjiaised  of."  that  port  the'  v/hole  day,  al- 
though the  v.-ind  w:is  favorable.  It  is  sunposecl 
that  they  are  waiting  the  arrival  of  the  Weymouth 
which  was  to  bring  them  supplies  the  following  day' 

Marshal  Bntnu — The  following  are  some  of  tlie 
details  in  relation  to  the  death  of  Marshal  Brunc. 
He  arrived  on  tlie  'Zd  of  Aug  at  tlie  Avignon  at  10 
A.  M.  The  new  prefect  arrived  the  same  day, 
some  hotirs  before,  and  had  alighted  for  a  little 
while  at  an  inn  whert  the  Marsiiai  stojipcd.  Some 
persons  were  apprised  of  tlie  arrival  of  the  Marshal 
at  Avignon  and  otlicrs  who  had  recognized  him, 
Ibrnied  a  circle  around  his  carriage.  They  suffered 
him  to  change  horses  quietly,  tlie  Marshal  would 
perhaps  have  even  set  out  without  accident,  had 
ne  not  wished  to  wait  for  some  papers,  which  liad 
been  carried  to  the  superior  commander  of  the 
departiiient.  The  tumult  in  the  mean  time  increased; 
Mr.  Brune,  uneusy,  v,  ent  to  tlie  house  of  the  Prefect^ 
to  shev/  him  his  passport,  signed  by  the  IM:irou;3  ot' 
Uiviere.  The  Prefect  advised  him  to  abscond  and 
promued  to  send,  him  his  papers,  they  dcsttnded 


103    NIL7.S'  w 


i^^\s.LY  REG[STER— SATURDx\Y,  OCTOBER  7,  1815. 


tor^^ctlier.  Tlie  Prefect,  althoug-li  lie  was  not  yet 
knawnto  the  people  in  thatcjtpacit)',  cime  to  make 
Iiiiuself  known  to  the  people,  und  in  tlie  midst  of 
tlie  insulting-  ianf^iuige  whicli  t'ney  heaped  upon  the 
-Marshal  to  reproach  him  fur  hJs  former  conduct  a;  id 
his  recent  transactions  in  the  Soutii,  lie  with  difa- 
culty  procured  an  opporumily  for  tlie  .Marslial  to 
pass  in  liis  carriage  widiout  receiving'  violence. 
He  thous:ht  himself  safe;  but  a  momci^t  af  cr,  liis 


;'cir  authorised  to  conclude  an  armistice  with  tki 
g-eneral  opposed  to  him,  that  is  no  reason  for  us  to 
do  tlic  same.  We  follow  up  our  victory,  and  God 
luis  given  us  means  aid  the  \\ill  to  do  so.  Do  you, 
marshal,  take  care  what  you  do,  and  do  not  again 
plung-e  a  city  in  ruin;  for  yOu  know  what  the  enra- 
ged soldiers  would  allow  themselves  if  your  capital 
were  taken  by  storm.  Do  you  M-isli  to  bring  down 
upon  yourselves  the  curses  of  Paris,  as  you  have 


carriage  was  sto])ped  upon   tJie  ramparts  and  his  j  those  of  Hamburg.     \Ve  are  resolved  to  enter  Paris, 
life  was  threatened  anew.     Tiiey  assailed  liis  retinue  i 'o    pi'oiect   the  well  dis 


;osed  against  the  pillage 
which  they  are  threatened  by  the  mob.  No  secure 
armistice  can  be  concluded  except  in  Paris.  You, 
marshal,  will  surely  not  misconceive  our  situation 
W!  h  ic;pcct  to  your  nation. — For  the  rest,  marshal, 
i  mvist  observe  that  if  you  wish  to  ncgociale  u'ith  us, 
it  is  strange  that  you  sliould  detain,  contrary  to  the 
law  of  nations,  our  officers  who  are  sent  with  letters 
He  employed  to  appease  the  anger  of  the  I  and  packets. 
prayers,  solicitations,  promises,  threats — i      Accordin^c  lo  the  usual  forms  of  established  civil- 


with  stones  and  cut  his  liorses  to  pieces.  Th 
marshal  then  demanded  of  the  prefect,  who  came 
in  haste,  witli  the  members  of  the  Council,  per- 
mission to  enter  the  city.  He  was  conducted  to 
tlie  ])ost-liouse.  Tlierc,  ihe  prefect  wot  having-  an 
ariWed  fvjvce  at  his  disposal,  aided  by  some  pe.icca- 
ble  citizens,  defended  the  door  «f  this  house  in 
person 
people, 


nothing  availed.  Tliose  without  demanded  the 
dcatii  of  tiie  marshal  with  loud  e:ies.  The  pi-efeci 
promised  in  vain  that  he  would  conduct  the  marshal 
to  prison  if  tJiey  Would  respect  Ids  life  ;  all  was 
Useless.  A  battalion  of  troops  wiileh  arrived  cotdd 
not  re-establish  order;  the  eiicrvcscence  was  at  its 


heighth;  already  they  bcp;an  to  break  the  gates  witli 


ity,  I  have  tlie  jiouor  to  call  myself,  Mr.  Marshal, 
yotu-  sfervant, 

BLUCHEH. 

BotiftrJKS,  Aug.  5. — ]\rarshal  M'Donald,  duke  of 
Tarentum,  on  the  1st  inst.  took  at  this  place  the 
command  of  the  Loire.     He  has  published  the  two 

,  ,    1       ,1  ,1         following  Tjapers. 

axes;  the  vociferations  redoubled,     lor  more  taan 
four  hnur.-5  the  prefect  defended  the  life  of  the  mar-        ^'■'^''''  "J  i^"^  flm,.~The  army  is  informed,  that 
.shal  witli  imheardofcora'age;  tlie  multitude  crowded  j^^-e  m^u-slud   duke  of  Tarentum,  appointed  by  the 
towards  the  door,  before  wliich  he  stood  with  alltiie  ^mg  to   succeed  Ins  excedency  the  marshal  prmce 
rtiagistrates,  the    commandant   of  the   department,  jO^  |''ckmuhl,  (whojias^asked  and  obtained  his   re- 
some  oificers  of  the  national  guard,  and  the  armed 
force  which  they  had  assembled.     Tliree  times  the} 
Avere  driven  oM' — thrice  thev  returned  in  spite  of  tiic 


b.ayoncts  and  tin-eats  v.'hlcli  Vi'cre  directed  agaiast 
them.  At  this  moment  they  heard  tiie  discharge  of 
a  gun,  and  persons  came  to  announce  that  the  mar- 
shal had  killed  himself. 

Some  hours  afn.r  dicy  wlslied  to  carry  the  body 
to  a  Chapel;  but  it  was  impossible  to  restrain 
the  people,  who  seized  it  and  threw  it  into  tlie 
Jliione.  [Pans  paper. 

ZURICH,  At'G.  A — Count  Talleyrand,  minister  of 
France,  informed  the  assembly,  by  a  note  of  the 
28th,  of  tiie  arrival  of  diilereiU  persons  of  the  iLmily 
of  Eon.iparte,  and  others  implicated  in  the  late 
pevolution  in  France,  in  the  environs  of  Geneva. 
Their  stay  in  Switzerland  will  prodiicc  great  in- 
conveniences to  the  two  countries,  and  his  e.vcellency 
desires  that  the  diet  will  not  grant  :i.  residence  to 
these  individuals.  This  note  v/ill  be  communicated 
to  the  cantons,  who  will  be  requested  jtot  to  receive 
those  persons  whose  presence  will  compromit  tlie 
confederation. 

Many  c:mtons  in  Switzerland  have  ordered  t!ic 
arrest  of  all  the  persons  v,ho  have  arrived  from 
France,  and  are  suspected  of  havinj  quitted  their 
country  in  consequence  of  tlic  happy  revolution 
wliicli  has  changed  its  fate. 

JierUn,  July  26 — K  .vili  be  remembered,  that  mar- 
shal Davousl  wrote  a  letter  on  the  3Uth  of  June,  to 
prince  Bkicher  and  the  duke  of  Wellington,  in 
which  he  dejired  a-su.spenslon  of  hostilities,  on  the 
groimd  that  gens.  Firmont  and  Uubna,  had  already 
agreed  to  an  armistice.  To  tliis  letter  field  mar- 
shal prince  Blucher  returned  the  following  answer:' 
From  mij  head  quarters,  July  11. 

It  is  a  mlLitake,  that  all  causes  for  wn  are  remov- 
ed between  the  allied  powers  and  Fr.nce,  because 
Napoleon  has  abdicated  the  throne;  he  has  done 
thd:;  only  conditionally  in  favour  of  his  son,  and  Uie 
resolution  of  the  allied  povv-ers  excludes  from  the 
vhrone  not  only  Napoleon,  but  all  the  members  of 
\iz  familv.     If  g."n?ral  Fi'iinorvt  htts    tUouy-iit  hhn- 


call,)  has  arrived  at  the  head  quarters  at  Bourges.- 
His  excellency  to-day  tr.kes  command  of  the  army.  ^ 
Tlie  camp  marshal,  baron  Ilulot,  appointed  chief  of 
the  stall",  is  also  arrived  and  has  assumed  his  func- 
ti'-'iiB. 

The  present  organization  of  the  army  is  provision- 
ally maintahied,  witli  the  exception  of  the  following 
modifications:  ^en>  Decambre,  chief  of  the  r-taff  of 
tlicfii'st  corps,  receives  and  transmits  orders.  Gen. 
Bertrexene  comm.mds  the  4th  corps;  and  gen. 
Lefbt  tlie  3d.  Tiie  infantry  ofvdie  guard  is  coiti- 
manded  by  the  gen  count  Morend,  and  the  cavalry 
by  gen.  Cuvot.  The  corps  of  the  left  wing  is  com- 
manded by  gen.  Ambert. 

Sig-ned  MACDONALD. 

Pr.OCL.VilATIOX. 

Soldiers — I  have  ai-rived  among  you;  I  feci  a  plea- 
sure in  finding  myself  among  my  old  companions  in 
:trms.  The  nii:dbrtunefi  brought  upon  our  fair  coim- 
trv  and  the  burdens  which  she  bears,  can  be  alle- 
vi;itcd  by  order,  discipline,  subordination  and  a  free 
and  loyal  submission  to  the  king;  his  heart  rent  by 
the  calamities  which  weigh  upon  his  subjects,  has 
need  of  co.nfort;  he  wants  to  know  that  his  people, 
v/]i()  inkilat  the  banks  of  the  Loire,  of  the  Allier,  of 
the  Khone  and  of  the  Cher,  do  not  suffer  any  thing 
more  th.an  the  inconveniences  which  are  insepara- 
ble from  so  gi-e.it  a-.i  assemblage  of  troops. 

Soldiers — in  occupying  myself  with  your  welfare, 
I  ought  to  dimi  ish  at  the  same  time  tlxe  burden 
of  the  military  lodgments;  1  am  going  to  extend 
the  aniiy:  carry  into  your  cantonments  the  ancient 
spirit  of  fidelity,  of  devotion  and  of  attachment  for 
their  legitimate  sovereigns  which  distinguished  so 
eminently  the  French  char.tcter.  Let  our  arms 
iienceforth  be  coosecrated  to  the  defence  of  the 
king  and  ills  throne. 

In  acknowledgement  for  the  hospitality  which 
you  receive  from  your  coimtrymen,  offer  them  your 
arms  iiv  their  agricultural  labors;  you  will  merit 
(by  this  conduct)  the  kmdncss  of  the  monarck  and 
the  esteem  of  vour  fellow  citizens. 

r^'igned)    ■  AI\CDOXALP.' 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CimONICLE. 


103 


LVTEST  XE-W3.  !  ne.ir  the  town,  one  of  wliicli    \va5  very  extensive, 

Lamf^i  dates  of  Aug-.  16-I'an,  accounts  to  the  20M.  i  arc  .%vcpt  av/ay.     At  .W-^.psrt,  -Aso,  tl/e  storm  v.-^j 

These  papei-s  contain  nothing-  of  importance.— i  sevnxivfciv— u^vholecolunm  of  ;ine\vspuper  is  filled 

France   appears  settiin.^•  dovm" under  tl»e    "leg-iti 


mates"  -th'e  armies  (I'rench)  are  said  to  be  <Us- 
banded. 

iMTTihu,  Ju^nst  15.— Public  fand:>— 3  per  cent. 
Tr)nsols  5.J  1-S  1-4,  omnium  G  1-2  5-8  pr. 

Iti-s  believed  that  under  the  treaty  of  commerce 


with  a  lisi  of  houses,  ships,  &,c.  destroyed,  and  se- 
veral persons  were  sv/ept  away  by  the"  flood.  The 
JioHtun  papers  have  tlu-ee  columns  of  matter  to  de- 
hx;i-ibe  the  effects  of  tlie  luinicanc  in  that  town  anci 
its  vicinity.  It  contains  a  list  of  60  or  70  vesst  s 
wrecked,    smik  or   othcru'ise   injured the  whole 


that  is  tri  be  concluded  between  Great  Britain  and',  neighborhood  is  covered  witli  the  r.iins  of  houses,- 
Fr-mce.  the  cotton  mauufcclures  of  the  former,  and  |  trees,  &c.  &c  To  give  an  idea  of  the  force  of  tne 
the  silic  stuPs  of  the  latter,  will  be  reciprocally  re- 1  storm  and  o*  the  damages  suftered  atJVc-.,bodf:.rd, 
ceived  under  moderate  duties.  j^e  may  mention   that  about    100  cliimnies   were 

The  hon.  Mr.  Ua^ot,  ambassador  to  the  United  i  thrown  down,  and  seven  or  eight  persons  were  known 
States  of  \mcric  i,"is  to  embark  in  tlie  Lacedenio-|  U)  have  lost  then-  lives.  The  v.-mdows  were  covered 
man  for  New- York.  ^^'^'"-^^  ^'^^^  water,  and  the  trees  that  remained  stand- 

It'issaic'  that  vice-admiral  Flemming  will  liave !  i».?  were  turned  black.  Large  stores,  with  theil- 
the  command  at  St.  Helena,  at  the  peace,  and  that  |  valuable  contents,  were  dashed  to  pieces  and  swept 
he  will  proceed  thither  as  soon  as  sir  (ieorge  Cock- pi^ay— snips  were  driven  on  tne  wharves  and  into 
burn  shall  have  established  Bonaparte  there.  the  streets,  ana  one  smaller  vessel  thrown,  bottom 

A  letter  from  Falmouth   says,  "we  learn  by  an !  up^^-^''^ls.  '-^  considerable  tUsLance  beyond  the  usual 

Ol'li( 

siei 

fi 

sel 

Officrs  wonld  playa 

to  make,  and  v.-ishes  to  pass  the  time  agreeably. 


CHRONICLE. 

The  late  storms  Many  of  the  newspapers  pid)- 
llshcd  in  JtLifisachiisctt.i,  Rhode  Island,  Connccticiit 
aiid  .\'or(h  Carolina  may  be  said  to  be  filled  with  ac- 
counts of  the  ravages  of  late  storms  felt  on  the 
coasts  of  tliese  states.     An  attempt  at  particulars 


bly._  Tlic  streets  v.ere  impassable  by  fallen  trees, 
icofs,  &c.  The  body  of  the  storm  seems  to  have 
been  felt  between  Boston  and  Xew-Londcn,  but  for 
considerable  distances  on  both  sides  !)cyond  them, 
much  damage  was  do,-.c.  At  ."iTarblehead,  14  ves- 
sels went  asliore  and  bilged — one  man  was  killed. 
At  Portsmouth,  ciglit  or  nine  sliared  the  same  fiitc. 
At  Providence  tile  tJdrd  story  of  a  house,  a  consl- 
derable  distance   froiii   the  usual  boundary  of  tlie 


wouid  fill  the  half  of  our  sheet !  Tiie  diunages  are  I  water,  v/as  perforated  by  tlie  bowsprit  of  "th.e  ship 
incalculable.  The  water  in  many  places  rose  asKianges.  Many  other  places  have,  in  like  manner, 
ini'ch  as  ten  feet  above  its  foraier  greatest  lici;i,-hth,|sufiered;  and  the  loss  is,  prcbabl}-,  beyond  prece- 


and  sli!]is,  in  many  instances,  were  driven  hito  th 
midst  of  th.e  ho^.ses  and  gardens.  Tb.e  entire  coast 
as  it  were  from  Posten  to  New-London,  both  inclu- 
sive, wicli  the  shores  of  Long  Island,  as  well  as  those 
of  Korth  Carolina,  (tlie  last  bj-  a  storm  previous  to 
t'.iat  on  the  eastern  coast)  present  thousands  of  in- 
stances of  the  desolation  of  the  hurricane.  .Ships 
wrecked;  houses  blov\'n  down-  orchards  and  fo' ests 
prc'.trated;  fences  torn  from  their  footing-,  See.  are 


dent  :n  the  United  States.  Tlie  sioiTn  on  tne  coast 
of  North  Carolina  commenced  in  the  night  of  the 
2d  of  September,  and  its  ravages  were  great  in- 
deed— but  do  not  appear  to  have  been  so  exten- 
sive as  to  the  eastv.ard.  But  the  coast  "is  co- 
vered with  wrecks."  On  the  1st  of  August  there 
was  a  liail-stinm  at  Salem,  which,  in  10  minutes, 
broke  upwards  of  130,iX)-J  panes  of  glass  !  At  St. 
JJurtholomexi's  the  cquino.v  did  great  damage.     We 


constantly  to  be  met  with.  Manv  houses  have  been  ]  have  a  list  of  alx)\it  thirt'i  American  vessels,  besides 
litt  rally  blown  lo  pieces  !  The  loss  of  lives  by  sliip-i  Swedes,  IXines,  2.;c.  lliat  were  driven  ashore  and  to- 
wreck,  the  f  Uin.g  of  clumneys  and  the  pov/er  of  t.dly  lo.st  or  otlierwise  damaged.     They  chiefly  !>e 


Hood,  lias  been  very  considerable,  and  some  of  the 
cases  are  peculiarly  affecting.  "Tlie  verdure  of  the 
earih,  (sa3's  a  letter  from.  New-London)  tlic  foliage 
of  the  trees,  and  every  kind  of  vegetable,  ;\as  the 
a])pcaraiice  of  suffering  a  severe  frost."  The  storm 
to  the  eastv.ard  was  on  tlic  2-'ltii  ult.  V.dieu  it  was 
ovei-,  the  windows  of  the  houses  hi  Salem  were 
found  covered  with  a  fine  salt,  ♦hich,  it  seems,  was 
conveyed  from  the  ocean  through  the  air;  and  the 
leaves  of  the  trees,  from  this  cause,  as  is  supposed, 
arc  curled  and  crisped  as  with  a  general  blast'.  The 
same  eifcct  has  been  observed  several  miles  back. 
Twenty-six  houses  were  blown  to  pieces  and  wash- 
ed av.';iy  by  the  sea  at  Stotnnjfion  !     'I'he  loss  at  Fro- 

vld'nce,  \l.  I.  and  its  vicinity,  is  said  to  be  as  much  1  Tompkins,  bv  wliicli 
as  §5,000,000  I  The  water  "was  14  feet  higher  tiian 
it  had  ever  been  kiiowu  beibre — many  ships  are  on 
tlie  tops  of  tlw  wiiarves,  or  in  the  strec\s  of  tlie 
town!  The  buildings  d^.royed  are  estimated  at 
150  !  All  round  the  town  is  tobe  seen  broken  build- 
ing.s  and  vessels,  mingled  with  cotton,  soap,  cand'cs, 
grain.  Hour  and  every  other  article  of  merchanai:';e 
you  can  mention,  tog-ether  with  liouse'iold  fiu-ni- 
*ure.  Many  peo]-de  have  lost  all  tlieir  propertv— 
:ind  a  mimba-  ha^-^  last  thcit  lives  i     .VU  tiie  bri'  'y-e^ 


longetl  to  tlie  eastern  states — oi  four  Baltimore  ves- 
sels at  that  time  in  the  harboi*,  three  rode  out  the 
•,ale,  and  one  wc:it  ash.ore,  but  was  af  .erwards  got 
Off  vv  itiiout  damage,  Jind  has  since  arrived. 

Tut  destruction  ot. neetif:^  hounes  was  exceedinp-ly 
grea  ,  along  the  easlern  coast.  ■:''' 

In  tlie  rnidsl  of  tiiis  war  of  elements,  the  Consti  • 
tulion  fiigate,  emblematical  of  our  poiitic.d  condi- 
tion,— by  the  will  of  IVovid.ence,  and  the  care  of 
tliyse  wno  had  charge  of  iier,  esc. iped  uninjured. 

Indian  rieuttf.  A  treaty  lias  been  concluded  be- 
tween Messrs.  I'arisli  and  Cranger,  commissioners 
on  tiie  part  of  the  slate  of  New-York,  and  the  Se- 
neca nation  of  Indians,    and  ratified   by  governor 

cession  is  made  to  the 
late  of  the  idar.ds  in  the  Niagara  river.  I'he  con- 
sideration is,  one  tiious md  tloUars  alreadv  paid, 
and  an  a'.muity  of  live  hundred  dollars,  annually 
forever.  Tne  cede-.l  islands  are  thus  described  in 
th.e  Buffalo  Gazette  : 

"The  ijJands  ceded  are,  Sq-uaiv  Island,  opposite 
the  mout'.i  ox  Conjockcty  Creek,  o-4th  of  a  mile  ii; 
length,  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  breadth,  contain- 
ing some  excel! ent  ineado-.v,  and  but  Ti:\\'  trees  : — 
:S;r:i\vlierry  Mend,  abov.t  \  mile  below,  containing 


104     NILES'  V7EEKLY  REGISTEIl— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  7,  181^. 


wild  meadow,  and  about  the  size  of  Squa-.v  IsI-iikI  : 
Grand  Inland,  commences  three  miles  below  Bhick 
Rock,  and  extends  to  within  a  mile  of  Selilosscr,  13 
miles  long-  and  fi-om  2  to  7  bi-oad,  well  timbered, 
level,  and  said  to  contain  an  excellent  soil ;  there 
i';,  liowever,  on  the  Lsland  a  lar.^;-e  ciMuberry  marsl; 
— no  improvements  of  any  consecjnence  : — .'\avu 
Island,  lies  partly  between  the  lower  end  of  Grand 
Ishmd  and  t!ie  British  Sliore,  is  supposed  to  be  with- 
in tlie  boundary  of  Upper  C'.nada,  because  the 
br:uich  which  p.'.sscy  between  Gr.md  Island  and  our 
sliore,  united  to  that  v.-liicli  passes  between  Grand 
and  Navy  islands,  are  superior  tu  vl.e  ihird  brancii 
ef  the  river  which  passes  between  that  i^iand  and 
tiie  (Canada  sliore — the  quc.ition  of  territory  will 
doubtless  be  settled  by  the  commissioners  of  both 
governments— this  island  is  about  3-4ths  of  a  mile 
long-  and  100  rods  Irroad,  and  iias  Ijeen  somea-h;u 
cultivated  : — GoiU  Maud,  divides  the  falls  of  Xi:--- 
.!?ara,  1-2  mile  long-  and  some  60  or  80  po^s  broad, 
it  is  rocky  aiid  covered  with  very  shaggy  timber, 
and  accessible  only  at  a  sin;^le  point.  We  consider 
this  ag-ood  barfjain  for  the  pcojile — and  if  the  peopls 
would  sell  3uc!i  portion  of  their  lands  on  this  fron- 
tier, as  could  be'  advantag'eously  settled,  it  would 
have  great  effect  in  opening'  and  improving'  roadj 
on  the  Niagara  river,  and  which  would  also  greatly 
i-elieve  the  indnstrio\i.s  inhabitants  on  the  frontier, 
wiiose  means  of  living  have  been  straiiened  by  the 
deva^taiions  cf  war." 

MurtjUrul  election— TVie  general  election  for  mem- 
bers of  assembly  took  place  on  Monday  last.  Tiie 
returns  r.re  greatly  in  fa\-or  of  the  republicans,  who 
have  gained  eleven  members  in  the  house  of  delc- 
gatesj^and  red'.iced  tlie  federal  majority  to  iisulitani 
z-ote  in  joint  ballot  fur  governor,  &.c.  admitting  that 
much^ibused  AlL-giumii,  (not  yet  lieard  from)  sliall 
return  all  federal  membcrrj  •  which  is  very  doubtful 
— and  one  member  fium  tliis  county  will  give  the 
republicans  a  like  majority.  Last  year  the  federal 
jnajorlty  in  joint  ballot  was  tvjeiittj-ihrL'c'.  B'at  let 
Alleghany  return  what  it  may,  a  large  majority  of 
the  people  of  the  state  will' be  rsjyresented  in  the 
house  of  delegates  by  aminorify  of  the  m.ember.s — 
tiianks  to  the'rotten-borougli-like  system  by  whlcli 
the  delegates   arc  apl'ointfd. 

McditJ'i-raiisan  sqiia.!ran—\Ve  liave  several  recent 
arrivals  from  the  Mediterranean,  cfjuHrmatory  of 
the  accounts  herelofore  received  of  the  treaty  with 
^il^-ijr3.  The  despatch  vessel  for  the  United  States 
left  the  squadron  on  the  7th  of  July,  and  fears  are 
entertained  tliat  slie  i.i  lost.  Com.  Baiiibrid^c,  in 
the  Independence,  arrived  at  Carthagena  on  tlie  12i-h 
of  August,  and  vvms  about  to  proceed  to  Tripoli, 
where  Decatur  V'as ;  to  wlioni,  it  i.s  said,  he  iunl 
dei;patched  two  scliooners  to  order  his  ucturn  home. 
Tlie  frigate  captured  was  restored  to  the  dey  to 
prevent  "ills  aS:>assinaiion — but  he  is  to  pay  all  the 
cxpences  of  the  expedition,  restore  :dl  persons  and 
nroperly  captured  of  us,  and  withdraw  ;.'d  claiuu 
for  tribute  hereafter  1 

liidicuhus  arlich'.  We  insert  the  following  from 
a  ]L:!:fuT  paper  of  Septend^er  16,  merely  becau.se 
sonieir.ay  have  heard  of  tb.e  rumor,  and  to  say  it 
is  impossible  to  be  trut; : 

"Decatur  in  his  passage  up  the  Aledlterranean, 
sent  hi .;  boats  into  the  bay  of  Gibraltar,  and  by 
some  mean.;  procured  200  IJritisli  seamen  ;  an  ac- 
count of  thi.-.  being  sent  by  tlie  governor  to  lo.d 
Exmouth,  his  iordsuip  liemamled  Iheir  restoration, 
which  being  refused,  he  bi;)ekaded  the  American 
squadron  at  Carthagena  ! !  1 !" 

Joseph  Bunnparte  has  returned  to  the  vicinity  of 
JIcv.  York,  a:id  taken  tlie  seat  formerly  owned'  by 


lord  Courtenay,  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson.    It  ii' 
said  he  h.as  sent  to  France  for  his  family. 

By  a  Cart/i(i:r.^!ia  paper  of  July  21,  it  appears  that 
the  "legitimate"  army  from  -S^am  had  arrived  at 
Santa  Martha — but  the  patriots  did  not  appe.ir  to 
fear  tliem.  T.e  forces  of  the  republic  of  Groiada, 
at  Cardiag-ena,  is  said  to  be  14,000. 

Carthag-ena  had  not  been  attacked  on  the  17tli 
August,  nor  was  an  attack  fear  d.  Measures  had 
been  adopted  to  expel  the  "tyraiifs"  forces  from 
St.  Afartha  ;  tlic  '-p^'triots"  were  coming  upon  them 
from  the  mountains  of  die  interior. 

Gvi/ana  appe.uvs    in  complete  possession  of  the 
patriots.     Tlie  Spanisii  commander  Dato  was  com- 
pletely defeated  by   the  patriot  chief  Saraza,  near 
Calabozo;    by   wliich,   besides  the  destruction   of 
their  enemies,  the  republicans  obtained  ujnvards  of 
500  muskets  and  a  great  quantity  of  ammunition. 

Extract  nf  a  letter,    received  from  an  officer  at  De-' 
troit,  dated,  9th  Sept.  1S15. 

If  the  Pritiah  have  given  up  tlie  right  of  search  at 
:;ea,  tliey  have  in  this  quarter  commenced  it  on  land. 
A  few  days  since,  several  Britisli  sailors  deserted, 
and  landed  about  ten  miles  from  this  place.  Two 
officers  and  a  boat's  crew  fjilo'vved,  landed  and  ex- 
amined several  houses,  and  at  length  got  one  man, 
and  sent  him  on  board — placed  cei\tinels  on  our 
liigiiway,  one  of  wliicii  fired  at  a  citizen.  Tlie  ci- 
tizens dew  lo  arms,  arrested  the  officers  and  men — 
but  agreed  that  one  officer  sliould  be  retained  un- 
til the  man  taken  was  returned.  The  officer  is 
now  in  our  for-.  I  understand  a  civil  prosecution  is 
brought  against  him — col.  James  will  not  deliver 
the  prisoner  taken. — Phil,  paper 

Tl.r  Steam  lioat  Fulton,  (sa}s  tlie  Kew-York  Co- 
lumbian) it  appears,  has  now  made  134  trips  to  and 
from  New-Haven,  tlu'ough  Long  Island  Sound, 
witliout  lo.sing  a  single  passage  during  the  time  on 
account  of  the  weather.  One  trip  was  lost  by  an- 
accident  to  her  boiler  ;  and  once  or  twice,  a  day 
has  been  lost  (as  in  the  late  g'ale)  by  a  storm  or 
otlier  circumstances,  but  made  up  again  in  tjie 
course  of  the  week.  Such  regular,  swift  and  long 
continued  sailing  is  witliout  example  on  the  sea 
coast :  and  tlie  great  question,  whether  our  sea 
board  can  be  navig-atcd  by  steam,  a  fact  which  was 
deemed  impossible  a  few  jears  since,  seems  con-- 
clusively  decided  in  the  affirmative. 

Dted,  on  the  lltli  of  Ap^'il  last,  in  New-Orleans,* 
William  P.  Canky,  midshipm;.n  hi  the  navy  of  the 
United  States,  of  a  wound  received  in  the  action 
of  the  14th  December  last,  between  the  United 
States'  g;m-vessels  aiul  the  Britisli  flotilla,  near  New 
Orle.ms.  Mr.  Caiiby  was  born  in  Norfolk,  (Va.)  in 
August,  1796,  and  orighially  hitended  for  the  pro- 
fession of  the  law;  but  fired  with  tlie  exploits  of 
our  naval  heroes,  h^s  active  s[)irit,  at  t!ie  dawning 
of  the  war,  could  no  long-er  be  confined  to  the  rou- 
tine of  an  attorney's  office  ;  he  burned  to  emulate 
the  deeds  of  our  hardy  sons  of  Neptune,  and  obtain- 
ed an  appointment,  as  midshipman,  from  commo- 
dore Sliaw,  then  in  command  of  tlie  Nev/-Orleans' 
station,  where  lie  served  on  board  different  vessels, 
deserving  the  esteem  of  his  commanding-  officers 
and  the  love  of  liis  associates,  until  the  14th  of 
December,  1S14  ;  when,  being  in  gun-vessel  No.  23, 
under  the  command  of  lieutenant  M'Keevcr,  he,  in 
the  unequal  contest,  received  fi-om  a  grape  shot  a 
wound  in  the  liead,  which,  af;er  a  series  of  the  most 
acute  sufi'erings,  closed  his  existence.  In  him  the 
na%  '  iias  to  regret  the  loss  of  an^  officer  whose  ris- 
ing mei-it  promised  one  of  its  most  brilliant  orna- 
ments, liis  family  an  affectionate  son,  and  ins  friends 
an  estimable  compunion.— [  t'ar?:?;;ii7i/paft"/ } 


NILES'  WEEKLY  IlEOISTER. 


No.  r  OF  Vol.  IX.] 


BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14,  1815.  [whole  xo.  215. 


Hac  rtlim  meminisse  juvabit. — VinciL 


PUINTED  AND  PUBLISHEU   BT   H.   NILF.S,   NO.   29,   SOUTH  C.iLVr.llT-STnKKT,  AT  §5  I'ER  AN>rUX. 


The  great  abundance  of  materials  tliat  continue 
to  present  themselves  as  proper  for  insertion  in  the 
Weekly  Reuisteh,  forbids  apprehension  tliat  we 
sliall  evei'  want  useful  or  interesting-  matter  to  fill 
oiir  pages,  assisted,  as  the  current  of  things  may 
be,  by  our  own  industry. 

A  gentleman  at  ^Vashington  city  ha.s  forwarded 
to  tlie  editor  several  numbers  of  Cobisett's  Reois- 
TEn,  from  w'uich  tlie  articles  inserted  in  tJiis  paper 
areextractecl.  We  are  indebted  to  another  gentleman 
of  that  city  for  a  review  of  Cleric's  naval  tactics,  an 
interesting  and  very  pleasant  communication,  laid 
off  for  our  next  paper — in  which,  also,  we  expect  to 
present  an  important  article  on  ma  mi fac  tares. 

We  shall  proceed  leisurely  to  give  many  impor- 
tant state  papers  that  have  grown  out  of  the  late 
events  in  Eiu'ope. 


FROM  cobbett's  re;;isteh,  jult  8,  1815. 


TO  MR.  NILES, 

Proprietor  of  the  iVeekly  Register,  pnblithed  at  Sal- 
timore,  in  the  United  States  of  America. 

Sir — Afier  thanking  you  for  tlie  numbers  of  your 
publication,  wliicli  3'ou  have  been  so  good  as  to  send 
me,  I  proceed  to  the  subject  of  this  "letter,  the  ob- 
ject of  which  is  to  give  to  the  people  of  the  last  re- 
maining republic  some  information,  which  they  migiit 
not  be  able  otlierwise  to  obtain,  relative  to  the  ef- 
fects produced,  and  likely  to  be  produced,  l)y  tlie 
recent  events  in  France  ;  information  which  it  is 
very  necessary  for  you  to  possess ;  for,  time  may 
not  be  distant,  not  nearly  so  distant  as  30U  imagine, 
\vhen  you  yourselves  will  feel  .sonifc  of  the  conse- 
quences of  the  events  to  wliich  V  allude. 

This  .second  fall  of  Napoleon  has  caused  wonder- 
ful joy  in  England  amongst  the  jiigher  orders,  and 
especially  amongst  the  borough-mon^-ers,  who  have 
been  now,  a  second  time  delivered  ;  or,  at  least, 
have  obtained  a  respite  a  secend  time.  The  re-ac- 
iion,  which  Avill  certainly  come,  may  op*. -ate  against 
them.  But,  in  t)ie  meanwhile,  they  get  rid  of  tlieir 
alarms,  which  were,  a  month  ago,  g-reatcr  than  at 
any  former  period. 

Tlie  boasting  here  is  beyond  all  conception.— 
Though  the  fact  is  notorious,  that  tlie  Prussians 
and  the  Belgians  were  fighting  on  our  side  against 
the  French;  though  it  is"  notorious,  that  we  lield  a 
vast  superiority  of  numbers  and  of  means  of  all  sorts. 
We  talk  Iiere,  as  if  tlie  victory  were  wholly  our  oivn. 
T1V0  hundred  tliousawl  pounds,  at  the  first  slap,  has 
been  voted  to  the  "gi-eat  lord,'*  as  the  Spaniards 
call  him.  What  did  you  vote  to  Mr.  Jacksox,  who 
won  a  more  decided  and  more  glorious  victorv  at 
JSie7v-Orlea7is  P  Burke,  with  his  pension  in  his  poc- 
ket, calls  nobility  and  hmors  the  CHEAF  defence  of 
nations  ;  and  so  they  may  in  coimtries  whose  peo- 
ple do  not  receive  monei/  along  with  the  honors. 
But,  this  gi-ant  of  monc)-,  enormous  as  it  is,  appears 
to  be  only  a  beginning.  A  proposition  has  Ijeen 
made  to  make  a  grant  lo  the  dnke  of  Ycr!c,  as  com- 
mander in  chief  of  the  army,  he  having,  in  that  ca- 
pacity, provided  the  army  for  the  duke  of  Wellhig- 
ton  to  fight  with.  H«  has  been  paid  a  pretty  good 
salary  for  this,  to  be  sure  ;  but  tliis,  it  r.ccms,  is  not 
enough.  It  is  therefore,  now  proposed,  or,  at  least 
Has  been  proposed  by  a  m-ember  ^f  puHiumenl.,  to 


give  him  money  on  account  of  the  success  of  the 
army. 

You  will  aslv,  what  takes  place  in  this  respect, 
when  we  ^ct  beaten;  as  in  tlie  case  of  I'lattsburg, 
L'lke Cimmplain,  Lt^ke Erie, Ne w-Orleans,  &c.  Wiiy, 
we  hold  our  tongues.  We  do  not  talk  about  the 
matter,  except  to  praise  the  valor  of  our  troops  for 
a  day  or  two.  Indeed^  the  country  people  in  Eng- 
land, and  a  great  many  of  the  towns-people,  never 
know  any  thing  of  such'  defeats.  The  London  news- 
papers, which  alone  have  any  very  wide  circula- 
tion, are  employed  in  the  spreatling  of  falseliood  and 
the  sujipressing  of  trutli.  'I'lie  country  newspapcr.s, 
with  very  fev/  exceptions,  are  the  mere  s^'iittors, 
througii  which  pass  a  pai't  only  of  the  filth  of  the 
more  copious  London  sewers ;  but  it  is,  if  possible, 
tlie  worst  part.  When  the  news  of  your  grand 
achievement  at  New-Orleans  ;irrivcd,  it  waS  at  once 
asserted,  that  \v'E  had  gained  a  great  victory.  De- 
tails even  were  publi.slied.  l"he  same  was  repeat- 
ed, with  trifling  variations,  for  a  week.  Thus  x\\z 
country  papers  had  time  to  play  their  part.  Tiie 
victory  was  believed  in,  from  one  eud  of  the  king- 
dom to  tlic  atiicr.  At  the  end  of  a  fortniiiht,  out 
slipped  tiie  account  of  the  defeat  in  the  tniddle  cf  u 
Gazette,  stuffed  up  willi  advertisements  and  promo- 
tions. We  could  not  accuse  the  government  of  not 
jmblishing  it ;  but,  in  fact,  the  mass  of  the  pedple 
never  either  saw  it,  or  heard  oi  it  j  atidj  to  thi^ 
liour,  there  is  not  a  man  in  the  village,  in  which  I 
am  nov/  sitting  writing,  who  does  not  believe,  that 
we  gave  you  a  hcajiy  beating  at  J\''eu--Orl.-'ans.  In 
short,  themas.s  of  the  peoj)le  in  this  country  k-.-nw 
less  of  the  affairs  of  the  nation  than  any  people  that 
I  ever  heard  of. 

At  present,  h'owever,  it  would  be  unreasonable 
to  expect  us  to  show  any  thing  like  moderation.  Not 
only  do  cur  newspapers  approve  of  the  proclamatioit 
of  Loids  XVHI.  in  which  he  tallcs  of /»i.;i/.s7MA'^  trai- 
tors !  but,  they  are  ])reparing  tlieir  readers  to  ex- 
pect a  direct  interference,  on  our  part,  in  the  re- 
gulating his  govenvmcnt,  and  ev^n  in  the  choodng  of 
his  ministers.  We  are  told,  in  so  many  words,  that 
we  have  a  light  to  demand  the  death  of  some  of  the 
"rebels  ;"  that  we  have  a  rigid  to  compel  the  king  lo 
adopt  a  strong  government,  In  the  meanwhile  others 
are  proposing  to  strip  tlie  city  of  Faris  of  statues 
and  other  crnajnents  to  bring  tliem  to  England,  t-i 
..dorn  a  monument  to  be  erected  in  memory  of  tlic 
late  victory.  There  seemj  to  be  no  bouiids  to  the 
degradation,  to  which  some  of  oiu-  writers  wisli  to 
reduce  tiie  French  people  and  name.  Some  demand 
real,  solid  secnrUies  for  the  future.  Thi^^,  perhaps, 
means  Dunkirk,  before  MJiich  our  Duke  of  York 
fought  a  battle  once.  V-alais,  perhaps,  too.  I'he 
demolition  of  the  bason  of  Clicrbourg.  There  is  na  • 
knowing  where  wc  are  to  stop.  Yuuremcmber  tlie- 
punishment  that  owe  plans  king  Richard  1.  iiiflicted 
()n  his  rebel  subjects  in  the  garrisons  which  oppos- 
ed him  after  liisretiM-n  from  his  crusade  to  the  jl.^lv 
Land  ?  Thai,  as  being  the  most  effectual  mi)dc  ot 
preventing  liie  futin-e  propagation  of  rebels,  may, 
perhaps,  appear  to  the  borough-monger  writers  as 
the  mode  to  be  adopted  towards  the  French  people 
upon  this  occasion. 

That  there  will  be  bloody  vengeance  taken  now, 
^if-re  is  no  dov.hr.     The  VectJlftert'^ftn  ^i  t^^e  batff'-^ 
TJ 


10(3      yiLES'  V/EEKLY  REGISTEll— SATUHDAY,  OCTOBER  U,  I8IS. 

of  Gc;naiipe,  T>nnkirk,  .Vusterlitz,  Maieni^o,  Hvileii,',  ft-:*.nkly  acknowleclg'eclhls  ^reat  error  ;  namely,  tl\*t 
Waj^Tiun,  ii^yUi-",  i"''iccLhind,  Moskwii,  Smolensko, I  of  connecting-  lihnself  with  the  old  royal  f;.n'ily, 
the  H'.Iilcr,  i.l>e  c.a]oturt'  of  Rome,  Naples,  Ttirji),!  and  had  declared  ag'aia  for  a  rv/jiif^'ft'c  in  name  as  well 
.Madrid,  ILmover,-  Moscow,  Berlin  as  in  substance.  If  he  had  done  this,  and  had  cal- 
led for  the  convention,  no  power  in  Europe  would 
ha%'e  moved  against  France.  Bn\,  when  men  saw, 
tliat  the  empfrur  was  still  to  remain  ;  that  they  were 
again  to  have  an  c;n/;,-e.s4'  to  maintain  with  all  her 
royal  prog-eny  ;  and  that  they  were  likely  to  descend 
in  fee  from  father  to  son  ;  when  they  saw  this,  they 
coiddnot  possiljly  feel  any  portion  of  the  old  repub- 
lican fire  warm  their  hearts.  Say  wliat  they  would, 
s1.ill  it  was  aJjattlc  Ijctwetn  an  emfjeror  and  a  hin^. 

Then  the  ^leti;  nobiiitii.  It  was  impossible  to  animate 
a /»'&/!/,' in  their  cause.  They  had  suffered  under 
the  nnbUitij  before.  It  was  diiricuit  to  see  why  a  man 
should  risk  life  or  property  for  the  sake  of  preserv- 
ing- to  tliesc  gentry  tlieir  titli-.a.  To  see  these  old  re- 
publicans forming  a  h-june  of  peers,  and  calling  them- 
selves ihilces  and  counts  !  'Fhis  was,  indeed,  no  more 
tlian  a  consequence  of  the  imperial  part  of  the  plan  ; 
but,  it  C3uld  not  fail  to  fill  with  apprehension  all 
those  whowislicd  well  to  the  republican  cause,  and 
who  recollected  that  it  was  under  tlie  banners  of 
"liherttj  and  cqualitij,"  that  Brunswick  was  chased 
out  of  France,  and  that  the  co.dltion  of  kings  Was 
covered  with  disgrace,  in  the  memorable  years,  1793, 
4  and  J.  The  trutli  is,  tliitt  to  defend  France  against 
such  a  coalition  all  the  energy  of  a  republic  was 
necessary  in  tliose  years  ;  and,  it  was  become  now 
as  necessary  as  ever.  But,  such  energy  cotild  not 
exist  under  an  imperial  and  aristocratical  govern- 
ment. The  French  people  felt  no  more  what  they 
aCtht  impudence  of  l\is  advisers.      lie  knew  wel'.,  Ifeit  in  the  first  years  of  the  revolution.     The  pro- 


Air.**crdur.i, 

twice,  ■^'ierinii  twice  ;  in  short,  the  defeats,  the  hii- 
iriiliatioris,  tlie  shames  and  the  bodily  fears  of  a  quai"- 
ter  o\  a  centiiri',  and,  above  rfl,  the  expotsurcs  of 
the  pricftt'',  are  now  assembling  all  tlair  fijrce  to  oh 
^.1.in  vengeance.  T!ie  convcntion'of  the  Ilclder,' 
and  tlie  convention  which  gave  .Maria  Louisa  to  tiie 
anns  of  Xapaleon,  are  how  to  be  avenged.  11\e  pope 
liarf  to  get  vengeance  for  his  humiliation  ;  and  so 
tiicy  hitve  all.  ]{ut,  what  are  they  do  .-'  They  can- 
not ././/Z  the  people  of  France.  All  Europe,  with 
niore  tlian  a  miliion  of  men  in  arms  and  widi  fifty 
Tiiillioiis  of  I'jigiish  money,  will  replace  Louis  on  tlie 
throne  of  France.  But,  tiiey  cannot  remain  in  France  ; 
and,  if  they  do  ndt  remain  in  France,  they  cannot 
keep  him  upon  tliat  throne.  He  is  now,  as  last  ij ear, 
liiovm;:- along  towards  the  o.apit.d  under  the  protec- 
tion of  more  than  half  a  million  of  soldiers,  who 
have  made  w.-.r,  and  are  making-  war  upon  French- 
men, fighting-  on  their  own  soil,  and  in  its  defence. 
As  lo-.ig  as  Frenchmen  are  kept  down  by  tiie  bayo- 
net, he  u  ill,  of  course,  remain  there  ;  but,  hoM" 
j.'ng-  will  that  be  ?  He  was  on  the  tin-one  last  year ; 
but,  jic  Was  not  there  six  months  after  the  hostile 
urnjies  had  qiiicted  France.  To  hear  him  tin-eaten 
the  Frer.cii,  as  lie  did  some  time  a.go,  witii  c'liastiSe- 
ment  by  foreign  armies,  l,200,U0Oin  number  of  men, 
v;as  natui-al  enough  ;  but,  to  liear  him  now  talking 
<(f  tlieir  Nfj;TOiJi\X  his  departure,  and  of  their  joi]  ai. 
his  !-e;urn,  is  calculated  to  fill  one  with  admiration 


tiiat  it  v.'us  under  the  bayonets  of  tbreigiiers  only  tliat 
lie  dared  advance  ;  th.at  he,  or  any  of  his  family, 
dared  show  their  nose  in  France  ;  and  yet,  even 
u  iiiie  lie  is  following  close  upon  the  heels  of  those 
foreigners,  hcb(jasis  of  being  the  object  of  the  love 
and  admiration  of  the  French  people  !  No,  no,  Louis : 
you  are  restored,  as  you -were  last  year,  hy  fyrciga 
bayonets.;  and  tlie  question  is  yet  to  be  decided, 
whether  tliose  bayonets  VY"ill  be  able  to  keep  yon  on 
the  tliron-i.  Vou  have  yet  a  stormy  time  to  pass. 
The  battle  bet'vveen  light  and  liberty,  on  one  side, 
and  darkness  and  despotism,  on  the  other  ;  that  bat- 
tle, Avhich  begiui  in  1789,  is  still  going  on.  It  may 
Higo  less  fiercely  for  a  tin>e;  but,  it  will  not  be  put 
an  end  to  tinless  by  the  triumph  of  the  former. 

As  to  tlie  conduct  of  Napoleon,  upon  the  last  oc- 
casion, it  v.as  useless  for  iiini  any  longer  to  ;ittempt 
to  support  his  auUiority  as  a  sovereign  ,■  and,  indeed, 
it  would  have  been  well,  if  lie  had  resigned  immedi- 
t«l\-  afier  his  return  from  Elba.  Tnis  was  fully  ex- 
pected by  many  men  in  England;  and,  it  appe.a-s  from 
Lis  la:-;t  act  tliat  we  havo  i:e;u-il  of,  uamely,  A/v  ab- 
dicvlion  in  favor  of  lii::  mn,  that  he  was  only  restr.iined 
In  his  foolisli  aLtachiiR-nt  to  the  Austrian  and  her 
child!  .^ilerail  his  glorious  deeds;  afier  all  his  iji- 
Bioiis  battles  ;  after  all  his  wise  acts  of  legislation  ; 
all  iiis  nvgnanimous  proceedings  ;  :dl  that  he  has 
done  m  tiic  cause  of  mankind :  after  all  tliis,  how 
palnuii.  is  it  to  see  him  vainly  ]iaiik:-ring  after  tjie 
■preserviiig-  of  </  croiv?i  io  his  faiuily  I  an«l,  wliicli  adds 
t )  the  nn.rtification,  to  a  son  wiiicli  lie  had  by  the 
da,iig-hter  of  a  king ,-  and,  of  an  Austrian  too  !  It  is 
mcianciioly  to  think  of.  If  it  had  been  the  son  of 
some  trci'tlesmun's  daughter  !  But  to  risk  the  free- 
dom and  li:']>|.iiness  of  that  gallant  nation,  who  h.ad 
tv\"icec:n-iied  him  victorious  to  iJeriln  and  twice  to 
Vii-niia;  to  risk  the  frcicloiii  and  happines.s  of  this 
hr.ive  people  fo^the  salcc  of  the  grandson  of  a  fring, 
and  lliat  King  an  Austrian  king  too,  is  liorribie  to 


prietors  were  anxious  about  tiieu*  land ;    but  that 
alone  was  not  sufficient. 

Nevertheless,  in  .spite  of  these  errors  of  Napoleon, 
lie  is  entitled  to  the  gTati'ude  of  m.^rkind.  He  puU- 
cil  down  the  Pope,  the  monks  in  Sp;.in  and  Italy,  the 
Inquisition  in  tiiose  coimti-ies.  He  carried  'ig.it  and 
liberal  principles  to  dark  and-  enslaved  natioiis.  He 
formed  a  code  of  wise  and  just  laws;  or,  at  least, 
he  coiifirmed  those  which  had  been  passed  by  the 
repuldicans.  He  was  a  soldier,  too  fond  of  milita- 
ry glory;  but,  witliout  arms  he  could  not  have  ef- 
fected what  he  did  efiect  in  fiivor  of  civil  and  reli- 
gious liberty  in  distant  countries.  Much  of  what 
he  did  will  iiow  be  undone;  but  it  will  be  impossi- 
ble for  all  'i.!i.e  king-s  and  priests  in  the  world,  to 
make  men  as  ignorant  and  submissive  as  tliey  were 
before  he  marched  over  the  Aips.  Tiie  enemies 
of  freedom,  the  black  hearted  friends  of  despotism, 
flatter  themselves,  that  wow  they  shall  see  mankind 
as  superstitious  and  as  slavish  as  they  were  a  quar- 
ler  of  a  century  back.  Tlicy  will  be  deceived.-^ 
Tiiey  will  never  again  see  a  touch  of  the  'Iwly  t/iorn' 
sougiit  c-fter  in  France  as  a  cure  for  a  cancer.     Tiic 


link  of.     It; 


-w!B«n 


l>i^s  retvu-n  from  Etba.  he  bad 


present  race  of  perverse  old  women  cannot  live 
forever,  and  tliey  will  have  no  suceessors.  The 
young  ones  do  not,  ;md  will  not,  believe,  that  hfe- 
ly  water  will  presei-ve  them  from  thunder  and 
lightning;  and,  imless  chey  believe  this,  there  is  no 
fear  of  their  husb.iiids  becoming  slaves.  The  com- 
mon people  in  England  believe  hi  an  almanac,  called 
KMoore's  .d/niunue;'  they  believe,  tliat  the  cunning- 
people  v.'ho  publish  it,-liave  a.  forckno.dcdgc  of  events 
of  all  sorts,  and  especially  the  wMthcr.  Many  of 
the  fu-mers  refer  to  this  almanac  to  know  when 
they  ought  to  cut  their  grass  or  to  spey  tiieir  pigs. 
You  will  hardly  believe  this,  in  America;  but  I,  in 
tlie  face  of  my  countrymen,  assert  it  to  be  a  fact. 
The  men  who  sell  this  book  find  their  accounts  in 
it.  It  is  sold  by  the  company  of  stationers,  wiio 
serve  our  rabble,    in  th.-M  respect^  4n  the  stead  of 


ICILES'  WEEIvLY  REGISTER— COBBEtTS  LETTER, 


107 


Ijiiests.  The  people  of  France  are  far  more  en- 
li^rlucned.  The  pairing's  of  St.  Andrew's  nails, 
which  used  to  be  a  most  preclo\is  relic,  would  now 
be  used  onlv  as  manure  in  that  country.  The  breech- 
es of  Pocoino,  so  wonder-working  in  fonner  times, 
would  now  fetch  only  their  worth  as  old  rags.  N.;- 
poleon  (and  that  was  liis  greatest  fault)  gave,  in 
some  sort,  a  sanction  to  falsehood  and  h'vpocrisy, 
.md  imposture,  by  goin^  to  mass.  lie  did  not,  in- 
deed, compel  any  body  else  to  go  to  mass;  but  his 
example  in  this  was  of  cVil  tendency.  TJiC  act  was, 
besides,  a  omprnmise  with  fraud. 

Still  the  world  owes  him  much,  and  partictilar- 
Iv  for  having-,  by  his  return  to  France,  left  no  doubt 
in  the  mind  of  any  man,  that  in  the  restoration  of 
the  old  f.miily  tlie  French  peopl:  had  no  share.  It 
WHS  always  asserted  that  the  French  people  longed 
for  the  return  of  the  iJourbons.  Louis  w.isciUcd 
Ic  deaire.  But, now  it  nuist  be  clear  to  everybody 
that  he  was,  and  now  is,  restored  by  roRr.icN  Foncr 
.<LONE.  The  case  is  now  too  plain  to  be  confused 
or  misrepresented.  It  is  a  triumph  of  kinj's  or 
priests  over  republican  institutions.  None  doubt 
of  the  triumph:  no  one  can  deny  that:  but,  it  is 
not  the  act  of  the  people  of  France.  They  liad  tried 
the  ancient  dynasty  before;  they  ]>ad  tried  the  new 
order  of  things:  the  ancient  dymisty  was  restored; 
qjid  they  again  drove  away  the  ancient  dyn.asty, 
which  is  now  ag.dn  (by  this  time,  I  dare  s;iy)  re- 
stored by  the  means  of  a  combined  foreign  army, 
who  have  defeated  the  ;irmies  of  France. 

So  sensible  are  the  aristocrats  of  this,  that  they, 
even  now,  arc  almost  afraid  of  the  ultimate  con:;i'- 
quences  of  their  success.  They  do  not  see  their 
w:iy  clearly  out  of  the  adventure.  Are  the  foreign 
armies  to  be  Jcfpl  up  in  France?  Is  Fraivce  to  be  dis- 
urmcd?  How  Iw^  can  either  last?  The  truth  is, 
Fr.iuce  is  too  extensive  and  too  populous  to  be  lon.^- 
kt-pt  down.  She  is  not,  and  cannot  be,  loaded  with 
debts.  The  moral  effects  of  the  revolution  cannot 
now  be  eradicated.  It  is  useless,  in  short,  to  re- 
store the  king,  unless  thcj-  could  :dso  restore  the 
breeches  of  St.  Pocomo,  and  the  virtues  of  the  holy 
thorn.  These  :md  divhn  nght  inust  rise  together, 
or  neither  c:m  stand  for  any  length  of  time.  The 
king,  wiio  will  hardly  Call  himself  Je  desire  this 
time,  has,  in  his  proclamation  to  his  "loving  sub- 
jects," denied  that  lie  ever  m.eant  to  restore  tiie 
tt/Ches  Or  the  f^'iuUd  rights,-  and  yet  these  are  o(  older 
(lute  th;in  ills  title  to  tlie  tin-one.  At  aU.y  rate,  he 
will  never  long  maintain  his  throne  without  them. 
Tliey  are  as  necessary  to  his  political  power  as  food 
is  to  \\\i  body;  or  rather,  as  swords,  guns  and  pow- 
cter,  are  to  the  army  now  employed  in  his  restora- 
tion. 

So  you  see,  that  a  Counter-revolution  is  not  a 
thing  so  easily  accomplished  .as  m;iuy  see;n  to  ima- 
jrine.      Your    New  Knghmd  noblesse    and    priests 


will,  I  dure  say,  rejoice  exceedingly  at  this  triumph 
of  the  kings  and  priests  in  Europe:  and  we,  in 
England,  have  in  same  sort,  good  reason  to  boast  of 
it;  but  still,  it  X:ipoleon  were  to  be  murdered  to- 
daj-,  and  all  the  old  republicans  hanged  u])  to-mor- 
row, the  thing  would  not  be  more  than  a  tenth- 
part  over.  Foreign  a'.inies  mnut  reitiuin  in  France,  or 
there  is  no  security  for  the  king's  remaining  on  th.e 
throne.  When,  then,  is  this  state  of  thing.s  to  ter- 
minate.^ Not,  at  any  rate,  before  another  hundred 
uilUions  are  added  to  tlie  debt  of  Kngland,  and 
even  for  years  to  come,  it  v.ill  be  iinpossible  tor  tlie 
:ulies,  upon  their  principles,  to  disarm  to  any  con- 
t.idcrable  e.vtent.     Tiic  whole  of  Europe  is  in  a  fer- 


towards  it.  .Men  must  again  believe  in  the  vjr+--.e9 
of  hnbf  ivater.  That  was  the  main  prop  of  the  ut.v- 
er  of  the  Boiu-bons;  and,  without  that  th-ey  will  in 
vain  endeavor  to  keep  themselves  long  upon  the 
throne  without  the  aid  of  foreign  .armiea, 

How  a  sensible  man  in  France;  quietly  settled  ort 
his  farm,  must  laug'h  at  all  th.tt  is  passing!  He 
must  be  highly  anuised  at  seeing  us  t.ixed  a-nev."  to 
the  ;imount  of  a  tentlvpart  of  our  prti'sessidrtS  for 
the  purpose  of  forcin?;-  him  and  his  ccxmtrymen  to 
endure  the  sway  of  a  Bourbon,  a  liourbOa  desire  toot 
He  itiust  laugh  to  see  how'  we  ,are  frettinjr  and  fum- 
ing, and  arming  and  fighting,  and  paying  aW;\V  our 
money  to  prevent  him  from  being  a  republic. n  citi- 
zen. He  must  v/onder  what  we  are  taking  all  tins 
trouble,  and  incurring  all  this  expense  foi\  B-at,  if 
he  knew  what  boroughs  were,  liis  wonder  v.'Oakt 
soon  cease.  If  he  knew  what  effect  these  have  in 
making  us  so  generously  anxious  about  the  regu- 
larly governing  of  other  countries,  he  would  sooit 
cease  to  be  surprised  at  our  late  zeal  ;md  our'  pre- 
sent joy. 

You,  in  America,  tmd-erstand  tins  matter  well.  I 
read  v/ith  g-reat  ])leaSiu-c,  in  m.any  of  your  papers^ 
the  just  descriptions  v.hich  vou  g'ive  o'toi-r  ino;ivc9  iii 
tliese  ^l'ars.  But  you  may  be  deceived  as  to  the  effect 
of  them.  J\'ations  :ir2  often  r-ained  while  their  _§'a- 
vernmenti  axe  gaining  /Irce.  We  ;ire  screwed  Up  to 
a  w;ir  pitch,  and,  wldle  we  are  at  -far,  we  are  strong. 
Yoti  saw  how  we  were  enfeebled  by  he  laHt  peace, 
short  as  w.is  iis  d'U'ation  ;  and,  I  assure  you,  that 
there  is  now,  in  tills  country,  a  general  dread  of  the 
effects  nf  peace.  Our  situ.ation  if?  this  ;  the  ta:«es  oil 
account  of  the  debt  and  the  army  and  navy  arc,  and 
nuist  be,  so  great,  that  Entjland  must  be  the  dearest 
coimtry  in  tlio  world.  Even  this  second  restor.atioil 
of  the  Boiu-bous  will,  I  shotUd  suppose.  Cost  U3 
about  four  milUrjih?  oi  taxes  :mnual!y,  FOR  KVEIl, 
which  alone  is  more  than  the  whole  of  your  reveiliiei 
As  to  discontents  in  England,  think  nothing nf  them* 
They  are  not  worth  your  notice.  But,  income,  in-' 
genuity,  industry,  will  all  seek  cheiip  living ;  and 
those  who  have  to  buy  goods  will  go  to  tli£  cheapest; 
market.  This  debt  ami  army  will  pr<)>iuce  a  seri- 
ous change  in  our  iiffairs,  in  a  xhovt  time.  We  may* 
possibly,  see  tlie  Fren.cii  people  tolerably  ill-treat' 
ed  ;  but  that  \vill  not  pa;/  our  taxes. 

By  these  wars  ...gainst  the  French,  We  have  added 
x\exe\\ fiftij  million's  a  year  to  our  peace  taxes.  And, 
what  have  we  g(;t  which  we  -jnig-ht  not  have  bad,  it* 
we  had  remained  at  jie.ice  •*  Tiie  French  h:id  then  (t 
king/  they  then  had  aljolishcvi  ^C-'/.-^u'  rights  (  tiicy 
then  had  abolished  i?:ih-'Si  And  have  they  not  don<J 
so  now .''  But,  the  noblesse  are  nOw  to  have  theli* 
titles.  The  fools  might  have  hsd  the'it  chaiean.r  anti 
their  lands,  if  tliey  iiad  not  run  :iway  to  join  the  fo-r 
reign  armies  ;  !U-;d  now  these  are  snhl  away  fronl 
tliein.  Wh:it,  then,  have  we  _n-  lincd  for  our  fifty 
millions  of  taxes  to  be  jjaid  .annually  it\  peace  ?  Asfc 
your  New-England  ri'/ht  honorablds  this,  and  they 
will  tell  yo'u,  that  we  have  got   a  great  deal  j  foj 


that  we  have  got  "regular  governmeHt  and  social 
order." 

I  am  yours,  &.c. 

\VM.  COBBETT. 
Botley,  neat'  SouthaHi.pt on,  5th  Jubi,  1815. 

lTtn'>r  Tua  s.ime,  rem  15, 1315^ 

D'^c\t  of  the  ^1lg<:ri7ie  _fieet  hy  the  . imericanS, 
Our  ba.'ic  new.sp.anc  r  writers  are  so  tnuch  occupiea 
witli  enfuiciiyr  the  necessity  of  cutting  the  throat-i 


jnent.     Fight  has  gone  forth,  and  it  is  imp.os-iible  to  j  of  all  the  jacobir.s  in  France,  that  they  cannot  spar^. 
]>nt  it  nii1=.     Hanging-  awl  f;i*arteriag  will  do  nothing '  a  mou'em  ♦'•  think,  f.ir  fb<^  fo  M'-i-it-t»  on  fbe^sisn'^J^ 


108       NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14,  1835. 


fl'iuTTiph  of  America,  which  her  invincible  fleet  has 
just  obtninecl  ovc^v  the  Enropcan  pirates.  This  great 
achievement  of  the  real  sons  of  liberty  aijainst  one 
of  the  "leg-itimate  monarchy,"  does  not,  I  dare  say, 
go  well  down  vvitli  our  corriiptionists  ;  but  that  is  a 
principal  reason  \-.liy  I  should  not  lose  sight  of  it. 
Wliile  all  the  resrular  g'overnmcnts  of  Europe  were 
acknowledg-ing  their  infrnoril[i,  b}"  sending'  annual 
presents  to  the  dey  of  AV^iers,  the  Americans  fitted 
out  a  squadron  to  anniliilate  this  royal  pirate.  The 
Algerine  fleet  was  discovered  on  the  coast  of  Spain. 
It  was  attacked  by  the  Yankee  fleet  without  hesita- 
tion. The  Americans  took  the  admiral's  sliip,  a 
frig-ate  of  the  largest  size  ;  drove  another  on  shore 
anil  destroyed  her-,  the  rest  escaped  only  in  conse- 
quence of  ;i  calm,  wliich  enabled  them  to  use  their 
oars.  This  is  certainly  a  proj^er  method  of  treating 
these  royal  nuisances.  T.ut  we  do  not  see  that  this 
c/M7/r-Y/"part  of  tlie  world  are  disposed  to  consider 
them  in  thatliijht.  They  have  shewn  no  inclination 
to  assist  the  Americans  in  driving-  them  out._  Per- 
haps they  are  too  much  occupied  at  ]n-esent  with  de- 
liverin^  France,  to  think  oi' delivering  Europe.-  How- 
ever, i  am  quite  satisfied  tliat  the  Americans  are 
able  to  do  the  business  without  them.  I  shouhl  not 
be  surprized,  indeed,  if  thing-s  would  take  a  difter- 
ent  turn.  I  would  not  wonder,  af\er  what  I  have 
seen  ;  after  tlie  assistance  we  have  given  to  restore 
the  "w/iore  of  Buhithn,"  the  Inquisition,  and  lazy 
voluptuous  nuns  and  friars  to  their  former  power 
and  ease  ;  if  a  treaty  offensive  and  defensive  had 
been  concluded  l)etvveen  tlie  Autocrr.t  of  Algiers, 
tlie  Autocrat  of  llussia,  Prussia,  &c.  &c.  and  tliat 
the  Americans  were  to  find  themselves  involved  in 
a  war  against  these  jjowers,  who  may  probably  af- 
ford a  powerful  contingent  to  their  roijal  allij.  But 
even  tills  will  be  of  little  consequence.  After  the 
American  seamen  gave  such  a  lesson  as  they  did  to 
the  boasted  "sovereigns  of  the  sea,"  there  can  be 
no  apprehension  as  to  the  result  of  any  war  which 
may  occur  with  the  whole  maritime  force  of  the 
world.  There  is  an  energy  v.hich  liberty  gives  to  its 
champions,  tiiat  renders  its  cause  Invincible  when 
opposed  to  tyranny  ;  and  the  extirpation  of  the  royal 
nest  of  Afi'ician  pirates,  is  an  act  which  will  be  re- 
corded in  the  p^ge  of  history  to  the  eternal  honor 
of  tlie  America!!  peojAe,  while  the  long  endurance 
of  tliis  haughty  and  barbarous  race,  will  for  ever 
reflect  disgrace  on  the  nations  of  Europe. 


Ventilation  of  Ships. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  P/eekhj  Register. 

Readino-  captain  Porter's  Journal,  and  his  obser- 
vations on  the  impropriety  of  obliging  the  crt-w  of 
a  ship  of  war,  at  all  times,  to  sleep  on  tlie  birth-deck 
— wliich,  I  understand,  from  his  description  of  it,  to 
be  a  very  confined  situation,  difficult  to  ventilate 
sufficiently,  or  preserve  clean  ;  and,  in  consequence, 
recourse  is  iiad  to  fumigations,  washings  with  vine- 
g-ar,  lime-wash,  &:c. — a  thought  occurred  wliedier 
the  plan  that  has  of  late  years  be-cn  adopted  for 
ventilating  mines,  could  not  be  employed  for  the 
same  purpose  on  board  of  ships  of  all  descriptions, 
and  particularly  sliips  carrying  a  great  number  of 
men  ;  and  wliere  a  l.u-ge  fire  is  necessarily  and  con- 
stantly kept  up  for  the  purpose  of  cooking. 

Letji.'^-  suppose  the  camboose  should  be  so  con- 
structed tliat  af.er  the  fire  has  performed  tiie  vari- 
ous offices  of  boiling,  baking,  &.c.  the  extra  heat 
Avhicli  passes  ofiT  by  the  chimnej'.  shnll  be  made 
to  suiTound  a  copper  pipe  of  six  inches  in  diameter, 
which,  at  tlic  upper  end  shall  comm.unicatewilh  tlie 
external  au-  a  felv  inches  above  the  smoke  pipcjand  at 


the  lower  end  with  a  horizontal  pipe  of  three  inches 
diameter,  running  from  the  fin'emast  to  the  main- 
mast, and  connected  with  perpendicular  pipes  of 
the  same  diameter,  descending  along  each  mast  to 
the  main  hold  of  the  ship,  but  with  openings  into 
them  from  each  deck — particularly  the  birth  deck. 

The  effect  that  would  take  place  from  such  au 
arrangement,  I  conceive,  would  be  as  follows  : 

The  air  in  the  pipe  passing  through  the  camboose, 
being  expanded  by  heat,  would  fly  off  into  the  at- 
mosphere, and  its  place  be  immediately  supplied  by 
that  below  it,  and  so  in  succession; — hence  a  ne- 
cessity for  a  new  supply  entering  the  pipes  from 
beneath  :  First,  from  that  contained  in  the  holds, 
with  which  the  pipes  communicate  ;  but,  finally,  by 
a  fresh  current  from  the  atmosphere  passing  through 
the  holds  to  the  pijjes  ;  and  this  current  may  be  rt- 
gidated  so  as  to  operate  above  or  below  either  of 
the  decks  as  may  he  necessary,  by  closing  all  the 
openings  into  the  pipes,  but  those  in  that  hold 
which  it  is  proposed  to  ventilate.  By  such  process, 
the  holds  of  shiijs,  laden  with  cargoes  of  perishable 
articles,  may  be  ventilated,  (it  is  presumed)  ;  and, 
perhaps,  by  extending  the  plan  so  that  pipes  con- 
nected with  that  passing  through  the  camboose, 
should  run  between  the  ceiling  and  outside  planks  of 
the  ship  down  to  her  keilson,  the  timber  of  ships 
may  be  preserved  by  drawing  oft'  the  foul  air,  that 
is  conjectured  to  be  the  cause  of  its  decay. 

This  is  a  short  and  hasty  sketch  for  persons  of 
more  leisure  and  ingenuity  to  im]3rove  upon  ;  and 
if  the-  editor  of  the  llegister  thinks  it  worth  an  in- 
sertion in  his  work,  perhaps,  it  may  lead  to  some- 
thing beneficial  to  the  public.  The  preservation 
of  the  lives  of  our  citizens  on  board  of  ships,  and 
the  preservation  of  the  ships  themselves  from  de- 
cay, are  objects  well  worthy  the  attention  of  the 
economist  and  philanthroi)ist. 

ON  THE  SA:ME— FROM  THE  SAME. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Weekly  Beg-ister. 

EsTEEMEn  FiiiEXD — As  I  bellevcd  it  would  be  an 
important  discovery  if  a  method  coidd  be  pointed 
out  for  causing  a  free  circulation  of  atmospheric 
air  through  all  parts  of  ships  and  other  vessels,  by 
which  means,  it  is  believed,  the  timbers  would  be 
pi'eservedfor  a  gi-eater  length  of  time, and  cargoes  of 
Ijerishable  articles  prevented  from  decaying  so  soon 
as  is  frequently  the  case,  and  the  ships,  generalljf, 
rendered  more  sweet  and  clean — whereby  the  health 
of  tlie  crews  on  long-  voyages  would  be  less  liable 
to  attacks  of  diseases  arising  from  confined  and 
foul  air, — With  a  view  to  these  advantages,  I  sug- 
gested my  plan  to  the  editor  of  the  Register,  with 
a  Jiope  that  it  would  be  made  public  ;  and  persons 
interested  induced  to  make  trial  of  the  means  sug- 
gested. At  the  time  that  letter  was  M'rittcn,  the 
concern  in  which  the  writer  was  a  pai-tner  was  about 
to  build  a  vessel  of  40  tons,  for  the  grain  and 
flour  trade — and  such  vessels  being  liable  to  perish 
in  a  few  years,  gn  mentioning  my  plan  to  the  carpen- 
ter he  approved  of  it,  believing  it  likely  to  answei" 
the  purpose  contemplated ;  and  we  have  finally 
agreed  uj)on  the  following,  which  being*  more  sim- 
ple than  the  one  first  mentioned,  I  hope, (if  it  appears 
as  important  to  the  editor  as  it  does  to  me)  that  it 
will  be  pid)lisiied — merely  for  the  purpose  of  bring- 
ing the  method  proposed  to  an  early  trial,  as  it 
will  require  years  to  determhie  whether  the  expect- 
ed benefit  will  arise  from  it  or  not. 

The  plan  then  is — to  cut  a  groove  on  the  under 
side  of  the  keilson  (of  a  ship  for  instance)  4  inches 
wide  aiul  3  inches  deep,  from  end  to  end — cover  this 
gToove  with  an  oak  plank  one  inch  tliick,  and  tlic 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NEW  GRANADA- 


109 


Tvliole  length  and  width  of  the  keilson— nailing  itjtcr,  to  whose  rapacious  policy  must  be  atlributp^- 
down  firmly — between  each  two  timbers,  l)ore  an  i  the  slow  ])rogTcss  atjriculture  and  commerce  has 
inch  augur  hole  through  the  board  aforesaid,  and  made  in  tliose  important  provinces.  Don  Joseph 
we  liave  a  communication  formed  from  stem  to  j  Gutierres  de  Pineres  was  tlie  agent  of  Galves  fu- 
stern.  As  the  writer  believes  tlie  camboo.se  of  a  |  carrying  there  into  execution  his  oppressive  system 
ship  is  placed,  generally,  near  one  of  the  masts,  ajof  finance.  For  this  pvu-pnse  lie  was  favored  with 
copper  i)ipe  of  4  indies'  diameter,  may  be  inserted  |  the  commission  ofcliiefof  the  royal  court  of  jiislire, 
"    ■■  ■       ■  ■■'    ''  -     '■ -^   ov  ri'^ente  de  la  ?'tfa/ fl(j(/i>«a'M,  resident  at  Santa  Fc 


into  the  keilson,  communicating  with  the  aforesaid 
tube,  (or  groove  in  the  keilson)  and  passing  up  the 
mast,  enter  the  camboose  just  above  the  fire,  and  be 
carried  out  at  the  top  of  the  chimney.  Tubes  of  like 
dimensions  may  communicate  with  the  keilson, 
along  each  mast,  and  be  carried  to  the  upper  side 
of  the  under  deck,  and  there  closed.  These  tubcj, 
being  substantially  boxed  up,  will  interfere  vei-y 
little  with  any  of  the  business  of  the  ship,  and  by 
liaving  openings  in  them  at  proper  situations,  it  is 
presumed  that  a  free  current  uf  air  would  be  found 
to  pass  through  all  parts  of  the  ship,  wlien  there  is 


de  fJogota.  Pineres,  thus  employed,  beg.m  without 
loss  of  time,  to  enforce  the  new  regulations.  The 
tobacco,  rum  and  other  productions,  were  monnpj- 
lizcd  by  the  king,  and  aJcabalas  (internal  custom 
houses)  were  cstabiislied  every  where — tlie  inlr.ibi- 
tants  being  reduced  to  extreme  misery  by  the 
weight  of  the  many  exactions  even  upon  the  iieces- 
siu'ies  of  life. 

Tne  cotton  and  woolen  manufactories  of  Xcw 
Granada  had  been,  for  many. years,  in  a  flourisliin"- 
state,  tlie  natives  having  at  jiome  ali  that  their  wants 


m  active  fire  in  the  camboose  for  the  purpose  of  j  demandetL     Now  the  manufactories  began  to  d 


cooking. 


cline,  and  shortly  afterwards   to  disappear.     Tiie 


If  such  will  be  the  effect,  it  is  conceived  that  all  j  sugar  plantations  were  daily  diminishing-— as  the 
foul  air,  usually  generated  in  the  holds  of  vessels  j  planter  was  obliged  to  sell  his  molasses  to  the  king 


and  between  the  ceiling  and  skin,  will  be  cirried  ofi"; 
and  if  this  proves  to  be  the  fact,  we  can  scarcely 
doubt  but  that  they  will  be  rendered  more  healthy, 
and  their  timbers  be  preserved  for  a  longer  time.  A 
great  advaiitage  arising  from  this  plan  will  be — that 
it  will  require  no  attention — the  expansion  of  the 
r.ir  in  the  tube  passing  through  the  camboose,  will 
be  a  natural  effect  of  using  fire  in  it,  and  as  the  ex- 
panded air  (from  the  copper  pipe)  passes  into  tlie 
atmosphere,  it  will  be  succeetled  by  a  fresh  supply 
from  beneath,  pressed  into  it  by  the  weight  of  the 
surrounding  air,  and^thus  a  jierpetual  circulation 
kept  up.  I  will,  however,  be  readily  observed 
that  this  plan  as  far  as  relates  to  the  gToove  in 
the  keilson,  can  only  be  adapted  to  vessels  yet 
to  be  buiit  ;  but  it  may  be  equally  an  object  to 
introduce  fresh  air  into  vessels  that  are  already 
built  and  in  employ.  In  that  case,  it  will  be  an 
easy  matter  for  a  ship  carpenter  to  lay  a  wooden 
tube  along  side  the  keelson,  for  the  copper  pipes  to 
communicate  v.-ith — almost  the  only  difficulty  will 
be,  that  such  tubes  will  be  liable  to  injury  from 
lading  or  unlading  the  ship,  and  that  tlte  copper 
pipes  will  not  communicate  with  tliem  so  conveni- 
ently as  in  the  other  metliod. 


Vice-Royalty  of  New-Granada. 

From  a  Loiisiana  Correspondent. 

[COXTIXUED  FROM  PAGE  70.] 

Tlie  ministry  of  Galves  was  followed  by  partial 
insurrections  in  Soutii  America,  which  gave  the  first 
blow  to  tile  Spanish  settlements  on  several  parts  of 
our  continent.  When  this  proud  and  hji^ocritical 
statesman  was  called  to  the  cabinet,  the'  monarchy 
was  pressed  on  all  sides  on  account  of  its  engage-' 
ments  with  foreign  courts,  and  the  people  at  large 
expected  every  thuig  from  his  supposed  talents. 
Hut  tjie  public  expectation  subsided,  as  soon  as 
Galves  diicovered  his  financial  plans.  Instead  of 
'  adopting  the  liberal  principles  of  his  own  century, 
increasing  the  revenue  of  the  crown  by  giving  pro- 
tection and  encouragement  to  the  spirit  of  indivi- 
dual enteiprize,  by  freeing  commerce  from  so  many 
embarrassments,  by  exciting  the  agriculture,  he 
resorted  with  great  avidity  to  the  old  means  of  his 
liated    predecessors — taxes,    imposts,    estancos,    o 


(at  the  price  his  olficers  were  pleased  to  give)  on 
account  oi"  eatimco  on  rum.  And  tiie  cotton  estates 
were  also  abandoned,  as  excessive  duties  had  beeit 
charged  even  ou  the  smallest  balls  of  thread  made 
by  poor  women  to  support  their  ciiildren. 

Such  are  the  causes  which  preceded  the  fmious 
insurrection  in  the  province  del  Socorro.  A  poor 
old  woman,  it  is  said,  was  selling  in  the  market- 
place  of  a  little  town,  a  ball  of  thread,  when  a  sol- 
dier came  to  ask  the  duty  upon  it;  and  as  thi 
charge  was  almost  equal  to'  the  common  value  of 
the  article,  she  ran  througii  the  place  complaining 
aloud  of  the  tyranny  of  government.  The  marker, 
was  crowded  with  peasants  from,  all  parts  of  the 
district,  who,  enraged  at  the  sight  of  the  distressed 
woman,  cried  instantly  from  all  quarters,  doim  -with 
(he  bad' government,  and  demoiislied  tiie  custom 
house  to  the  ground.  Tliis  example  was  soon  fol- 
lowed  by  the  wliole  province,  wliose  population  roje 
en  masse  to  expel  the  oppressors. 

The  rebels,  as  the  Spaniards  called  them,  took 
the   name  of  Comnneros  to  distinguish  themselves 
from  the  partisans  of  the  court.  It  u  to  be  observed 
that  the  meaning  of  tjiis  word,    Comiinei-o,  is  a  citi- 
zen who  respects  the  voice  of  the  repraentativ^s  e/" 
the  people;  as  the  only  popular  branch  of  government 
in    South  America  were  the    Comimes  or    Cabildoi: 
which,  for  that  time,  liad  unanimously  ioilied  them 
in  the  contest.  Tiiis  was  also  the  same"  device  .r.lopt- 
ed,  but  with  surjirising  skill,  during  the  freat  revo- 
lution of  Paraguay,  which  lasted  from  1720  to  IToo  ■ 
c;u-ried  into  execution  by  don  Joseph  de  Antequera 
and  Castro,  kniglit  of  liie  order  of  Alcantara,  mem- 
ber of  the  Iloyal  Audiencia  of  Caarcas,  a  native  of 
Peru,  and  a  man  of  fainiiv',  genius  and  learniu"-.  Tiie 
source  and  progress  of  this  jistonisiiing-  revolution 
we   shall  endeavor  to    deveJope  in   tiie  article  oft 
Buenos  .lio'es. 

TheComuneros  of  Socorro  attempted,  without  loir, 
of  time,  to  possess  t:iem-;elves  of  S.mta  Fe  de  Bo- 
gota, as  the  residence  of  tlie  vic&  roy  and  Roval  Au- 
diencia; but  almost  all  the  members  of  tlii  ;'()vcrn- 
ment,  frightened  at  the  approaching  storm,  lutd 
rashly  fled,  leaving-  a  caninii.,sjnn  to  the  archbishop 
Gongoi-a  to  quell  the  insurrection.  Tiiis  prelate 
Vv'ho  some  persons  represent  as  a  man  of  liberal 
principles,   applied  all  the  means  in  his  pov.-er  to 


monopolies,  were,  indeed,  the  only  resources  of  his  [  discharge  the  trust  committed  to  him.     We  niirlu 


contracted  mind. 

New  Granada  was  the  portion  of  South  America 
which  suffered  most  during  the  reign  of  tliis  minis- 


here  enter  into  details  which  would  reilcct  not 
little  light  upon  tliis  history,  but  tiie  narrow  limits 
'  of  this  memoir  hardly  permits  us  to  record  the  prin- 


1]0      KILES'  WEERLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOliEH  11,   i8i5. 


cipal  facts.  Tlie  arch-bishop  left  Santa  Fe  to  meet  i  conquest  of  tlie  Gulf  of  Darien,  where  a  Scotch 
the  Coniuneros,  wlio,  it  is  said,  had  already  asscm-l  company  i:ad  hud  some  years  leefore  the  foundation 
Med  ue;j'ly  twenty  thousand  men,  not  daring  to  I  of  a  colony.  The  ai-chbishop  vjcc-roy  placed  him« 
iiipproacb  the  capital,  thoug'h  abandoned  to  its  tate.  j  self  ut  the  head  of  this  cnterprize,  in"  which,  w  ith- 
At  last  he  met  them  :^t  Zipaqnira,  where  assuming |  out  attaining-  the  end,  he  wasted  considerable  trea.. 


yll  that  air  of  penitence  and  austerity  wliicli  proved 

;ifler\vards  so  false,  lie  dechu-ed  to  the  chiefs  his 

pacific  views  and  wjslies  of  coming  to  an  agi-eement 

y,ccording  to  tiicir  chums. 

It  seems  that  the  proposals   matlc   by  Gongora 

were  firmly  rejected,  in  tlie  first  instance;  but  finally 

his  insinuations  prevailed,  having  spent  some  weeks 

before  in  Divine  exercises,  preaching  every    day 

i)bed!ence  to  lawful  sovereignty.   However,  the  Co- 

invnerog  did  not  give  up  their  claims  so  easily,  :is 

ihev  required  of  tiie  ])acificator   to    make  certuin 

afvangements  for  the  future.    He  acceded  to  their 

■proposal,  and  it  was  mutually  agreed  to  sign  a  ca- 
pitulation by  wliicii  the  inhabitants  were  declared, 

in  tiie  name  of  the  king,  free  from  the  new  duties, 

and  besides  at  liberty  to  cultivate  and  manufacture 

whatever  they  pleased  withwat  any  embarrassment. 

Tiie  arcli-bislio])  Goiigorathen  iippeared  on  tlie  field 

of  Comiuierns  with  all  the  pomp  of  religion,  dressed 

in  his  best  garments,  and  carrying  tlie  holy  sacra- 
ment in  procession,  to  sign  befoie  Almighty  God 

tlie  capitulation  in  name  of  his  Catholic  m;-.jcsty. — 

So  the  inhabitants  of  Socorro  laid  down  their  arms, 

those  iirnis  whicli  tliey  so  nobl     took  up  to  jjut  an 

end  to  the  daily  aggressions  of  a  most  tyrannical 

g'Qvernrrtpnt, 

Let  us  now  enquire  into  the  policy  of  the  court  of 

Madrid  in  respect  to  these  transactions.   Tiie  capi- 
tulation having  been  presented  to  the  king  to  obtain 

his  royal  sanction,  lie  declined  to  accept  it,  as  no 

agreeiucnt  was  to  be  made  with  redsls.     The  most 

insensible  observer  is,  we  think,  able  to  form  an  idea 

of  the  extreme  distress  and  atHiction  to  which  those 

inhabitants,   now  pe.iceably  living  under  the  good 

faith  of  treaties,  were  reduced.  Troops  were  imme- 
diately sent  to  enforce  his    Cal'wlh-  majesty's   de 

crees,  inilictjng  severe  jjunishnients  on  tiie  prct<;nd 
cd  criminals,  The  arch-bishop  Gongora  was  ap- 
pointed vicc-roy  of  New-Granada;  ;uid  he,  tlie  same 
Gongora,  was  the  instrument  of  Uic  most  barbarous 
fiud  sacnlegioiis  treachery.  Tiie  friends  of  tiiis  pre- 
late  jjresent  liiin  in  extreiiic   despair   ,ind  sorrov.' 

when  he  received  the Toval  c«;«/r/,  manifesting  iiis  ^^  ,         -,  T^t 

m.jcsiy's  displeasure  at  the  late  transactions: 'he  is'  iVIaryland  XLleCtlOn. 

s;.id  to  liave   deplored  iijs  ciiiical  situation  with!      The  returns  are   now  all  in.     Allegh: 
tears  I  has  4  federali.5ls — and  in  joint  ballot,  for  governor^ 

■lo  notice  the  future  proceedings  of  tlie  Rp;uiisii  United  States'  senator,  &c.  tiiat  partv  has  an  appa- 
cabinot  in  regard  to  NcAv-Granada,  js  to  record^'a  rent  nlajorit^- in   the  legislature  of'one  rofe— last 
series  of  horrors,  as  revolting  to  iium.vnit}'  as  uiipa-  year   ithada'majority  o?^  twaUi;-/hree  votes, 
radcled  in  the  history  of  despotic  institutions:  tlicj'    The  (Baltimore)  Federal  Gazeue  of  ^Vedncsdav 
people  of  whose  provinces   were  considered  as  aj  evening  last,  says— "Tlie  certainty  that  the  dclega-- 
paj-cel  of  rebels  to  be  crushed  for  tiver.  The  king'.sj  lion  from  the  several  counties  of  this  state  to  .the 
decrees  tended  to  nothing  ijut  to  stop  tl;c  progress  general  assembly,    t!;e   hmmuiaW  representative.'^  of 
o|"  a  country  endowed  by  nature  with  gi-eat  blessings  the  people,  avi:  federal  by  a  m;ijority  of  on.e-fifLli  of 
of  climate  laid  soil.  Tlie  fortifications  ofCarthagena  the  whole  number,  or  one  half  the  number  of  the 
anvl  Guayaquil  were  placed  in  the  best  state  of  d',--  democratic  delc'^:Ltcs,  7ni/.?l  nnrelv  l)e  sati'ifactori/  evi 
fence,  either  ag.dnst  fftreign  enemies  or  tiie  natives,   deitcc  of  the  ime  political  dniract^r  of  Munihimir 
The  city  of  Santa  Fe  vvas  strengthened  with  a  goodj     This  is  a  verv  strimge  naragraph   for  "a  man  to 
garrispn  and  strong  arsenal.  The  alarnnisg.situutioiij  m:ike  who  knows— certainly  knows,  that  tlie  dele- 
cf  Quite,  whose  ♦nliabitants  are  considered  in  South   gates  are  representatives  of  tiie  counties  of  thejstate, 
America  as  the  best  disjioscd  to  sliuke  oft' the  yoke  and  not  of  the  people  cf  the  .rtute—\v]\o  knows  that 
of  Spain,  contributed  mucii  to  these  measures.  the  7mnmty  of  the  pcoule  of  Mi-rylaiid  rule  the  vui- 

The  royal  government,  settled  by  the  force  of  ju^--tii. 


sure  and  native  troops.  But  the  secret  object  of  the 
crown  was  attained  :  to  divert  the  attention  of  the 
inhabitants,  and  check  tlie  rising  greatness  of  these 
populous  provinces. 

New  Granada  w:\s  so  insensibly  sunlc  into  that  apa- 
tliVjWidchis  the  natural  fruit  of  oppression,  th:it  that 
import-int  region  was  con.;tantly  declining  in  im- 
portance until  the  revolution  of  Aranjuez  called 
the  people  again  to  freedom.  'iMiey  declared  to  all 
the  world  tlieir  independence  from  Spain;  and  the 
skill  and  corn-age  displayed  in  a  thousand  glorious 
conflicts,  has  shown  lo  civilized  nations,  tliat  thry 
are  worthy  of  liberty— that,  in  the  happy  land  of 
Columbia,  the  human  race  improves,  instead  of  de- 
generates—tliat  they  deserve  the  name  of  Ameri- 
c:ins,  and  are  able  to  maintain  their  political  e.\- 
istence. 

*,*  We  oniitted  to  give,  in  the  comparative  statis- 
tical ace.mnt  of  the  United  States  and  Xew  Gnma- 
&X,  the  verv  important  article — slaves. — United 
States,  in  1790,  697,697\  New  Granada  71,000.— 
It  gives  a  balance  in  favor  of  the  free  population  of 
Xew  (iranada  697,626,  without  the  proportionate 
discount  from  3,J50,000  to  2,500,000,  which  for 
many  years  has  been  the  stationary  population,  of 
that  vice  royalty. 

[0:j=-Here  it  was  the  desire  of  the  writer  of  these 
communications  that  we  should  inti-oduce  a  pretty 
long  extract  from  Smollett's  continttation  of  the  Uisio- 
ry  of  Enghind,  vol.  IX.  page  460 — 1,  2,  3,  4  and  5, 
Philad.  edition,  giving  an  account  of  the  British  ex- 
pedition under  admh-al  Vernon  and  sir  Chaloiier  Oq-le 
;igainst  Cartuacesa,  to  shew  the  strengtli  of  the 
phice,  and  quiet  the  minds  of  som^  as  to  its  re- 
ported capture  by  a  much  less  force  recently  sent 
from  Spain,  tlioiigh  its  condition  and  means  of  de- 
fence are  much  superior  to  what  tliey  were  at  the 
time  of  the  British  expedition,  v,hiuh  consisted  of 
tv.'cnty-nine  ships  of  the  line,  and  almost  an  equal 
number  of  frigates,  bombs,  fire-shi])s,  kc.  and  a  land 
force  of  12,000  men — all  which  were  easily  defeated,  J 


Vlleghanv  county 


arms,  assumed  that  imperious  tone  wiiirh  Commands 
tlic  obedience,   but  never  gains  the  afl'ec'i(;n  of  a 


"We  are  not  about  to  enter  into  a  party  discussion, 
or  make  out  an  cieclioaccrinar  case — biit  this   fact| 


people.     The  province^  of  Socorro^  was  of  course,  that  the  'idmrifij  does  ffuven>,is  so  repugnant  to  eve 
~ ■'   ' ""^    -1'  "'•■«- „,...,.,.    ....,  .     "  j-y  thing  that  belongs  to  the  principle  of  a  «•/».'&/;- 

can,  l:iat  v.e  cannot  "pa-^s  it  by  witligiit  vcprehensiwi 

anfl  remij-k. 


rumed  and  desolated,  being  vexed  on  account  of 
extinguished  rel'ellion.  One  of  tlie  schemes  of  the 
vQurt  to    acQoriiplish  tb.is_^cbjcct,  was^to  crticr  tJie 


NILES   WEEKLY  REGISTER^CATTLE  SHOW  AND  FAIR  »]  j  ] 


1.11  pci^e  111  of  the  7th  vol.  of  the  V/kkklt  Rk- 
GisTr.K.'tliere  is  a  neat  table  shewing  tlie  fiise  prin- 
ciples by  which  tlie  people  are  supposed  to  be  re- 
presented in  the  liouse  of  delegates.     The  follow- 
iiiif  iibstructs  from  tliat  table,   adapted  to  tlic  state 
of  parties  as  they  stand  this  year,  is  interesting- — 
Ilousii   of  n^Iega'les.     The   following-    co'inties 
have    returned  republican   members — Hart- 
ford, Baltimore,  Anne-Arundlc,  Wasliiiigton, 
Queen-Ann's,  I'albot,  C.iroline,  4  each;  and 
the    cilics   of  Baltimore    and    Annapolis,  2 
each,  4—  ...  32 

The  counties  that  have  returned  f.deral  raem- 
bers  are — Prince  George's,  Montgomery, 
Frederick,  Alleghany,  Calvert,  Charles,  St. 
Mary's,  Cecil,  Kent,  Dorchester,  Somerset, 
Worcester,  4  each  .  .  4S 

Whole  number  of  delegates         .  83 

r^^The  senate,  enlii-ely  republican,  consists  of      15 


Whites  ....         131,165 

Other  persons  6(),C}g4— 2-5ihs  of  whom  are  26,000 


157,165 
Leaving  even  in  tliis  way  a  mnjority  of  sm-en  thou- 
sand one  hundred   and  four   legal    persons    in    the 
counties  sending  thirty-i-mo  mcmhcvs  over  the  coun- 
ties  sending  furiii-eight  mev.ibers! 

The  counties  scndhig  32  member?,  paid 

of  the  direct  tax         .  .  .     g33,222- 

The  counties  sending  48  members,  pajd 

of  tlie  direct  tax  .  .  .    63,404 


Total,  senate  and  house  of  delegates 


95 


^■^ 

;c  -o 

s-o 

COUXTItS. 

1^ 

-1    s 

li 

So   .O 

c?    ^ 

Hartford 

16,827 

%5;35:J 

21,358 

'Baltimore  citv  and  county 

64,841 

i^fi7{i 

76,210 

Anne-.Vrundle  h  Annapolis 

14,975 

9,810 

26,668 

W.'.sliington 

16,074 

7,372 

18,730 

Qtieen  AniTe's 

l.J,267 

5,630 

15,648 

Talbot 

9,352 

4,140 

14,250 

Caroline  .... 

7,933 

2,250 

9,453 

Total,  republican  counties, 

140,209 

83,222 

183,2J7 

Prince  George's  . 

13,400 

7,69i) 

20,589 

Montgomery    . 

10,4U3 

5,110 

17,980 

Frederick    . 

2.S,766 

14,170 

34,437 

Alleghany 

6,289 

2,210 

6,909 

Calvert 

4,068 

2,410 

8,005 

Charles    .         .         .       ■  . 

7,810 

6,740 

20,245 

St.  M:u7's    . 

6,794 

3,950 

12,794 

Ca-cil       .... 

10,599 

5,950 

13,066 

Kent     .... 

7,201 

4,214 

11,450 

Dorchester 

13,076 

5,510 

18,108 

Somersett    . 

10,210 

5,540 

17,195 

Worcester 

12,544 

4,910 

16,971 

Total,  federal  counties. 

131,165 

68,404 

197,249 

814,818 

Biit  even  these  things  do  not  f.iirly  and  fally  re- 
present the  state  of  the  two  parties;  "for  the  rop'.ib- 
licans  liave  ;m  actual  majoriiy  of  the  vo'c,;  of  t'ic 
state  of  Maryland,  of  from  fvc  to  eigJit  thomunJ. 

Call  you  tlds  representation? 

(Xj-Tlie  constitution  of  Maryland  calls  aloiidfor 
amendment.  The  maimer  in  which  tiie  semUc  i.s 
const itiitcd,  is,  perhaps,  even  yet  more  exceptiona- 
ble than  that  which  regulates  the  election  of  dele- 
gates— both  wliicli,  probably,  will  be  the  subject 
of  a  future  essay. 

*,*Tlie  people  of  Virginia  are  even  less  f:urly  re- 
presented than  those  oi'JLm/hind — as  we  shall  shev/ 
by  some  general  tables,  befire  long. 


We  have  the  following  results — 

The  counties  which  send  only ////'/•/■^-/wo  members 
to  the  house  of  delegates  have  nine  thousand  more 
[neiu'ly]  white  inhabitants  than  the  counties  which 
send  forty-eight  members! 

And,  taking  in  ".dl  other  persons,"  forming  the 
i^ross  population,  allowing  for  two-fifths  of  such, 
agreeably  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
the  comparative  rate  of  population  will  stand  thus: 

Tlie  counties  which  send  t/nrty-tuo  repub- 
lican members,  have  a  whole  population 
of  183,297— 

Whites  ....         143,269 

Other  persons  53,000— 2 -Sths  of  whom  are  21,000 


164,269 


The  counties  which  send  forty-eight  fede- 
ral members,  have  %  whole  population 
of  197,249—     • 


Pittsficld  Cattle  Show  and  Fair. 

We  have  on  hand  several  valuable  articles  rehitinp; 
to  the  proceedings  of  tliis  excellent  institution'^ 
got  up  and  su])ported  by  a  few  eniiglitencd  p.v 
triots,  to  encourage  iiovie  manuFacturcs  and  pro- 
ductions, and  raise  up  a  xatioxai.  ciiAP..4.cTEn;  some 
of  wiiich  we  hope  soon  to  have  the  pleasui-e  to  re- 
cord in  this  work. 
A  cattle  show  and  fair  (for  tlie  sale  of  domestic 
articles)  was  to  be  lield  at  Pittsficld  (Muss.)  on  the 
2d  and  3d  of  October  instant,  'i'he  houschohl  ma- 
nufactures, :md  all  otlier  manufactured  articles, 
with  tlie  cattle,  offered  for  tlie  liber.d  pi-cmiums 
that  the  society  are  accustomed  to  bestow  for  the 
most  e.xcelleni  of  their  kind,  were  to  be  delivered 
to  proper  persons,  appointed  to  receive  them,  on 
the  2d  of  Occober,  before  11  o'clock,  a.  m.     Tlic 
foUowing  "order  of  the  day"  for  the  3d,  and  ge- 
neral "regulations"  of  tlie  society,  wc  record  lor 
present  instruction  and  future  reference  : 
Order  of  tlie  Day  for  tlie  3d  of  October. 
Liulies,  wlio  are  candidates  for  premiums,  are  r.e- 
quested  to  meet  punctually  at  10  o'clock,    on  thi; 
day,  in  the  room  over  t'le  Fem.dc  Academy.     [J^  If 
any  arc  disposed  to  liave  tlieir  names  concealed,  ilu  v 
can  do  it,  by  delivering  to  Mr.  Edwards,  witti,  the 
.irticle  offered  for  a  premium,  a  letter,  sealed,  .i.ul 
containing  their  name  and  residence;  wiih  anvmark 
on  tlie  outside,  tlie  same  mark  to  be  ph.ced  on  the 
article;  if  unsuccessful,  the  letter  will  be  returned  t^ 
them  unopened.] 

The  chairman  of  each  committee  of  awards  v.ill 
deliver  sealed  reports  of  their  decisions  to  tile  Pre- 
sident, at  10  o'clock,  A.  M.  The  society  will  meet 
at  the  Coffee-house,  and  proceed  fiom  thence  at  11 
o'clock,  in  procession,  to  the  old  churcli ;  the  cc^t- 
monies  will  be  as  follows  : 

Vocal  and  instrumental  music,  led  b)col.  Solomon 
Wavrhier. — A  prayer. — An  address  by  the  pi;e.sidcnt. 
Music. 

Connnunication  of  the  report  of  the  viewinfj  com- 
mittee of  agriculture. 

-Proclamatjou  of  the  decision  of  tjje  committee  of 
awards , 


J  12    >'ILES' WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14,   1816. 


Delivery  of  the  preminms  to  the  successful  can- 
didates (in  person.) Music. 

The  society  will  dine  at  tl»e  Coffee-house,  at  two 
o'clock.  Female  successful  candidates  are  invjted 
to  dine  with  the  society. 

(jj' Auctions  will  be  opened  for  the  sale  of  animals 
0n  the  2d  October,  at  2  o'clock,  v.  m.  and  on  the  3d, 
at  3  o'clock,  p.  M.  for  manufactured  articles. 

£y  order  of  the  committee  of  administralion, 

Wx.  C.  JAR  VIS,  Ilecording  Secretary. 
Pittafield,  Sept.  19, 1815. 


The  public  are  reminded,  that  the  following  are  the 
regnlaiiom  of  tlie  society  relative  to  preiniiims. 

All  articles  of  agriculture  and  manufactures  must 
be  the  growth  or  produce  of  1815.  Tliose  of  agri- 
culture" must  be  of  the  growth,  and  those  destined 
exclusively  to  females  must  be  of  the  manufacture 
of  Berkshire  county.  Each  article  of  domestic  ma- 
nuficture  must  be  accompanied  with  satisfactory 
proof  that  it  was  manufactured  by  thQ  person  pro- 
ducing it,  and  spun  and  wove  by  females. 

Broadcloth  (dyed  in  the  wool)  and  cassimeremust 
be  of  the  manufactiu-e  of  the  New-England  states. 
Animals  from  any  part  of  the  United  vStates  will  be 
entitled  to  premiums.  [Those  belonging  to  persoufi 
residing  out  of  the  state,  unless  members,  idll  be  sub- 
ject to  the  accustomed  tax  oftiuo  dollars;  those  belonging 
'to  persons  residing  in  the  state  loill  be  free  oftlie^tax.] 

No  ox,  cow  or  bull,  to  be  admitted  for  premiums, 
wliich  lias  received  a  premium ;  nor  any  anhnal,  un- 
less satisfactory  proof  is  produced  that  it  was  the 
property  of  the  candidate  on  and  since  the  1st  May, 
1815.  (Ij'Bulls  must  be  brought  with  a  rope  or  chain, 
io  secure  them  in  the  pens. 

No  animal  can  be  examined  by  the  committee,  ex- 
cept in  the  pens  around  the  elm  tree  ;  and  the  number 
specified  for  premiums  must  he  selected  and  separated 
by  the  owner,  ar,  no  morp  than  the  number  required 
can  be  offered  for  examination. 

(Xj^Each  of  these  regulations,  and  those  specified 
jn  the  notice  published  by  the  sqciety  on  the  5th  of 
December,  1814,  will  be  strictly  adhered  to. 

y\yi..(Z.ik\\S\'A,  Recording  Secretary. 


concerning  the  quality  of  the  mutton,  from  which 
it  appears,  that  the  various  crosses  afford  mutton 
equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  of  their  former  breeds, 
and  in  many  instances  a  decided  preference  has  been 
given  to  the  Merino  mutton.  Many  proofs  of  this 
might  be  adduced;  such  are  selected,  as  it  is  hoped 
wlfl  be  satisfactory,  and  are  best  adapted,  by  their 
brevity,  for  insertion  in  a  public  journal.  Editor.? 
of  papers,  who  may  think  this  communication  of 
some  importance  to  their  readers,  are  impartially 
requested  to  insert  it  their  colurns.- 
EXTRACTS. 


Argus. 


"The  vast  importance  of  our  woolen  manufactures 
is  demonstrated  by  the  retrospect  of  a  century,  not 
a  year  of  which  elapsed  without  manifesting,  that 
to  our  ancestors  jt  was  an  object  of  the  first  solici- 
tude. Public  attention,  till  lately,  was  not  directed 
to  the  production  of  Merino  wool,  and  the  principal 
commercial  advantages  of  Spain  have  been  derived 
from  oar  neglect  and  want  of  foresiglit.  Tlie  fol- 
lowing brief  statement  of  our  importations,  during 
the  last  tliree  years,  show  the  numerous  benefits  we 
liave  conferred  on  other  nations. 

Spanish.  Other  sorts.  Total. 

1809,  5,046,707         1,799,226         6,815,9.33/6*. 

1810,  8,133,205         2,802,318       10,935,52.3 

1811,  4,290,973  445,324        4,737,297 
"The  importations  of  sheep's  wool  on  an  average 

of  four  years,  ending  the  5th  of  January,  1811  ^ 
amounted  to  7,885,567  pounds,  and  were  from  that 
date  to  the  5th  of  July,  in  the  same  year,  as  foUov/s  \, 


Germany  and  north  of  Europe 

44,594Ms. 

Portugal 

372,681 

Spaui  and  Gibraltar 

2,147,696 ! 

Malta  and  Levant 

49,654 

Ireland  and  the  Isle  of  Man 

3,640 

Cape  of  (iood  Hope 

4,318 

States  of  America 

7,103 

Brazils 

12,741 

Prize  wool 

1,198 

Sheep. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  second  report 
of  the  Merino  Society  of  Great  Britain,  may  not 
be  uninteresting,  at  this  time,  to  many  of  our  far- 
mers and  manufxcturers.  Thg  soi-iety  was  establish- 
ed for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  the  breed  of  Me- 
rino sheep  in  that  country — it  is  supported  by  a 
iong  list  of  members,  among  whom  are  several  of 
i^-reat  respectability — and  at  the  head  of  which  ap- 
pears the  name  of  sir  Joseph  Ranks,  as  president. 
From  the  whole  tenor  of  the  report  which  was  pub- 
lished in  1812,  it  appears,  that  a  great  deficiency  of 
fine  wool  for  their  inanufacturers  was  apprehended, 
:ind  it  was  conjectured  that  it  would  require  at  least 
twenty  years  before  they  woidd  be  aljle  to  supply, 
by  wool  of  English  growth,  the  quantity  annually 
imported-  The  state  of  Sjjain,  since  the  publication 
of  this  report,  has  been  such  as  to  induce  a  belief, 
Miat  thei.:  flocks  have  suffered  a  still  greater  dimi- 
imtion.  ILippy,  therefore,  may  wc  consider  our- 
selves, that  the  enterprize  of  a  few  individvals  has 
ficcured  to  the  United  States  this  useful  animal. — 
"Whether  the  wool  is  therefore  sought  for  by  our 
own  manufacturers,  or  those  abroad,  the  rearing  of 
these  sheep  cannot  fail  to  continue  an  object  de- 
serving the  attention  of  every  farmer.  An  additional 
inducement  for  introducing  this  breed  on  cveiy 
farm,  will  be  found  in  the  cxti-acts  of  the  report 


Total  poimds,  3,140,070 

"The  flocks  of  fine  wooled  sheep  in  Spain,  before 
the  invasion  of  that  imhappy  country  by  Bonaparte, 
were  estimated  at  about  six  millions ;  of  these  a 
rnoity,  perliaps  three-fourths,  are  already  destroyed, 
and  the  remainder  daily  diminishing  by  rapine  and 
neglect.  From  what  corner  of  the  earth,  then,  can 
the  manufactories  of  this  country  be  supplied  witli 
fine  wool  for  the  next  twenty  years  ?  This  Is  a  most 
curious  question,  and  whenever  the  manufacturers 
shall  be  convinced  of  their  real  situation  for  a  sup- 
ply of  fine  wool,  the  growers  thereof  in  England 
will  meet  with  a  very  different  reception  from  them, 
from  that  which  they  have  hitherto  experienced. 
That  day  is  not  far  distant — we  have  not  at  present 
in  this  kingdom,  a  single  year's  consiunption  of  fine 
Spanish  wool  on  hand ;  small  quantities  are  still 
escaping  the  i-avages  of  the  tyrant,  and  finding 
their  way  through  Portugal  from  Spain  to  England  ; 
but  it  is'  too  much  to  expect,  that  even  these  ad- 
ventitious supplies  can  continue  for  any  len^^th  of 
time." 

Indian  Eloquence. 

From  the  Western  Journal. — On  the  night  of  tlie 
14th  Julv  the  Black  Buffaloe,  principal  chief  of  the 
Teton  tribe  of  Indians,  departed  this  life  at  Portage 
I)e  Sioux.  The  succeeding  day  lie  was  solemnly 
Intered  with  the  honors  of  war.  Robert  Wash,  esq. 
secretary  to  the  commissioners,  has  furnished  tlie 
following  speech,  delivered  over  the  grave,  by  the 
Big  Elk,  Mahali  chief    Jtis  truly  eloquent,  an4  is 


I5ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— A^XIENT  NAVAL  FIGHT.        US 


a  hlg'li  evidence  that  genius  of  tiie  most  brilliant 
description,  is  not  con'tined  to  the  civilized  world. 
The  speech  is  pathetic  and  filled  with  energy.     It  is 

literally  given. 

sriiEcd. 
"  Do  not  grieve.     Misfortunes  will  happen  to  the 
wisest  and  best  men.    Peath  will  come,  and  always 
comes  out  of  season.  It  is  the  command  of  the  Great 
Spii-it,  and  ail  nations  and  people  must  obey.     What 
is  past  and  cannot  be  jirevented  should  not  be  griev- 
ed for.     Be  not  discouraged  or  displeased  then,  that 
in  visiting  your  father  here,  you  have  lost  your 
chief.     A  niisfortune  of  this  kind  may  never  again 
befal  you,  but  this  would  have  attended  you  perhaps 
nt  yoiir  own  village.     Five  times  have  I  visited  this 
land  and  never  returned  witli  sorrow  or  pain.   Misfor- 
tunes do  not  flourisli,  particularly  in  our  path.  They 
grow    every   where. — f  Addressing  himself  to   gov. 
lldwards  and  col.  Miller  J  What    a  misfortune  for 
me,  that  I  could  not  have  died  this  day,  instead  of 
the  cliief  tliat  lies  before  us.     The  trifling  loss  my 
nation  would  Ivavc  sustained  in  my  death   would 
have  been  doubly  paid  for   by 

burial.  They  would  have  wiped  off  every  thing 
like  regret.  Instead  of  being  covered  with  the 
cloud  of  sorrow,  my  warriors  would  have  felt  the 
sun-shine  of  joy  in  tlieir  hearts.  T«  me  it  would 
have  been  almost  glorious  occurrence.  Hereafter 
when  I  die  at  home,  instead  of  a  noble  grave  and 
a  grand  procession,  the  rolling  music  and  the 
thundering  cannon,  with  a  white  flag  waving  at 
my  head— I  shall  be  wrapt  in  a  robe,  (an  old  robe 
pei-haps)  and  Jioisted  on  a  slender  scaflbld  to  the 
whistling  winds,  soon  to  be  blown  to  the  earth — my 
flesh  to  be  devoured  by  wslves,  and  m.y  bones  rat- 
tled on  the  plains  by  the  wild  beasts. 

f.iddresse.^  himself  to  col.  Miller  J 
«  Chief  of  the  Warrior's— Your  labors  have  not 


jou,  but  it  is  a  truth  which  I  call  Heaven  and  Eartli 
to  witness — a  fact  that  can  be  easily  proved — that  I 
have  been  assailed  in  every  pos.sible  way  that  pride, 
fear,  interest  or  feeling  could  touch  me — that  I  have 
been  pushed  to  the  last  for  to  keep  up  the  toma- 
hawk against  you  :  But  all  in  vain.  I  never  could 
be  made  to  feel  that  you  were  my  enemy.  If  this 
be  the  conduct  of  an  enemy  I  shall  never  be  \o\xv 
friend. 

You  are  acquainted,  my  father,  with  my  removal 
above  Prairie  du  Chein.  I  went  and  firmed  a  settle- 
ment, and  called  my  warriors  around  me.  We 
coiqiseled  and  took  our  determination,  from  which 
we  never  departed.  We  smoked,  and  resolved  to 
make  common  cause  with  the  United  States.  I  sent 
you  tlie  pipe.  I  took  great  pains  in  sending  it,  that 
the  Indians  of  the  Mississppi  might  not  know  v,'hat 
was  doing.  1  sent  it  by  the  Missouri.  It  re 
sembled  this,  my  father.  You  received  it.  My 
determination  was  then  taken.  I  told  you  we  Were 
ready  to  make  war — that  your  enemies  should  be  our 
enemies,  and  M'aited  only  for  the  signal.  If  doing 
the  honors  of  my  jail  this  is  to  manifest  hostile  disposition,  I  do  not 
know  how  to  be  friendly.  The  things  I  tell  you,  my 
father,  because  it  is  a  truth,  a  melancholy  truth,  that 
the  good  thhigs  which  men  do  are  ofien  buried  iiv 
the  ground  and  forgot,  while  their  evil  deeds  are 
stripped  naked  and  proclaimed  to  the  world. 

My  father — When  ]  come  it  was  simply  to  hear 
what  you  liad  to  say  to  me.  I  little  thought  I 
should  have  to  defend  myself  If  I  had  been  your 
enemy  I  would  doubtless  have  taken  some  caution^ 
I  would  have  come  with  my  excuses  all  prepared. 
But  having  ever  held  you  by  t!ic  hand,  I  have  no 
excuses  to  offer.  I  consider  myself,  and  wish  to  be 
considered  in  the  same  condition  as  before  the  war. 
If  I  had  fought  against  you,  my  father,  1  would  have 
told  it  to  you,  as  those  of  my  nation  who  have,  will 


Veen  vain — Your  atteniion   shall  not  be  forgotten,   be  compelled  to  do  whe  they  come — It  will  be  for 
My  nation  shall  know  the  respect  that  is  paid  over 
•the  dead.     When  I  return  I  will  echo  the  sound  of 


your  guns. 


It  will  be  recollected  that  Black  Thundke,  a 
Fox  cliief,  has  ever  maintained  a  friendly  disposition 
towards  the  United  States.  Althougii,  from  the 
conduct  of  the  Sacks  and  Foxes,  suspicion  may  have 
Klighted  upon  him,  yet  no  evidence  of  hostility  has 
yet  been  discovered  or  manifested.  His  conduct 
seems  to  have  been  decided  and  unifoi'in.  On  the 
20th  July  the  commissioners  met  some  Fox  Indians 
in  the  council  Arbor  at  Portage;  and  were  ^fa'st 
jiddressed  by  one  of  a  difterent  tribe.  He  is  said 
to  have  trembled  like  an  aspin  leaf,  scarcely  (no 
doubt  from  conciousness  of  guilt)  being  able  to 
articulate.  When  he  had  finished,  the  Black  Thuk- 
nER  rose,  and  with  a  firm  and  manly  dignity  deli- 
vered the  following  speech.  It  was  adtiressed  to 
governor  Clark,  as  the  organ  of  the  commissioners. 

SPEECH, 

My  Father — Restrain  your  feelings,  and  hear 
camly  what  I  shall  say.  I  shall  tell  it  to  you  plainly. 
I  shall  not  speak  with  fear  and  trembling.  I  feel 
no  fear.  I  have  no  cause  to  fear.  I  have  never  injured 
you,  and  innocence  can  feel  no  fear.  I  turn  to  all, 
red  skins  and  white  skins,  and  challenge  an  accu- 
sation against  me. 

My  Father — I  don't  understand  well  how  things 
are  working.  I  have  been  just  set  at  liberty.  Am  I 
again  to  be  plunged  into  bondage  .''  I  know  not  how 
or  where  to  turn  myhcad.  Frowns  are  on  all  sides. 
I  have  never  forgot  what  my  great  father  told  me. 
!No  man  has  ever  been  able  to  change  me.  You 
may  perhaps,  my  father,  be  ignorant  of  what  I  tell 


tliem  to  make  their  own  defence  in  the  best  way.     I 
have  nothing  to  say  but  for  myself  and  tribe. 

My  father — As  to  what  has  or  may  be  done  in 
council  here,  I  have  nothing  to  say.  It  is  simply  to 
repeat  what  I  said  to  my  great  father,  the  president 
of  the  United  States. — You  heard  it,  and  no  doubt 
remember  it.  It  is  simply  to  say,  that  my  l.-inds 
can  never  be  surrendered.  I  was  cheated,  basely 
cheated,  in  the  contract.  AVhile  I  live  tliey  shall 
never  be  surrendered. 

My  father — I  call  heaven  and  earth  to  witncsr-, 
and  smoke  the  pipe  in  evidence  of  the  truth  and 
sincerity  of  what  I  have  said.  I  remember  the. 
sentiments  my  g-reat  father  expressed  towards  me. 
I  hope  he  and  you  still  cherish  the  same.  If  you 
do,  I  know  you  will  receive  the  pipe.  JVTy  only  desire 
is  to  smoke  it  with  you — to  grasp  yowv  sacred  liand, 
and  claim  the  protection  of  the  United  States  for 
myself  and  tribe.  I  hope  as  the  pipe  touches  your 
lips,  it  will  operate  as  a  lilcssing  on  all  my  tribe — 
that  the  smoke  will  rise  like  a  cloud,  and  as  it  passes 
av\ay  M'ill  cai-ry  with  it  all  the  animosities  tliat 
have  arisen  between  us. 


Ancient  naval  iight  on  lake  Eric, 

on  A   PIECE   OF   WVANDOTT  HISTORT. 

[  Coramunicatcd  by  Stanleii  Gris'wold,  Esq."] 
During  my  residence  at  Detroit,  I  had  the  follow- 
ing story  from  the  chiefs  of  the  ^^^•andott  nation, 
(called  by  the  French  Uiivons)  and  principally  from 
iValk-in-the-iVuter,  a  man  of  superior  penetration 
and  eloquence. 

Near  200  years  ago,  as  well  as  I  could  recollect, 
their  nation  resided  on  the  north  sjiore  of  Lake  On- 


]  14     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14,  1915. 


tarlo,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  river.  Opposite  to  and  New  Connecticut  have  been  settled  by  tkc 
them,  on  the  south  side  of  those  waters,  resided  the  whites,  there  has  not  been  much  connection  between 
Senecas.     .1  woman,  as  happened  amonj^  otlier  na-  them.     The  above  circumstance,  however,  may  ijo 


tioiis,  vras  the  cause  of  a  terrible  war  between  them, 


some  way  to  account  for  the  readiness  of  tlie  Indiaii 


which  terminated  in   the  expulsion  of  the  formeri  tribes  in  the  Gennessee  country  (or  the  .StxAuf/o?;; 
from  the  country.     .Slic  was  tlie  wife  of  one  of  thciof  whom  the   Senecas  are  a  part)  to  unite  in  the 


Seneca  chiefs,  to  whom  tlie  Wyantlott'prince  took  a 
strong-  liking',  and  by  stratag-cm  carried  her  oft". 

The  war  immediately  ensued,  and  was  prosecuted 
with  g-reat  cruelty  and  slaug-hter  for  a  long-  time. 
At  last  a  final  battle  came  on  (upon  the  northern 
territory)  in  which  the  U'yandotts  wore  woi-sted  and 
were  obliged  to  fly  willi  g-reat  rapidity.  Tlie  great- 
er part  took  a  course  to  the  west,  and  their  antag-o- 
nists  followed  tlicm  vig-orously  till  they  came  to 
the  strelg-hts  of  lakes  Huron  and  St.  Clair.  Tiic 
fug-itives  calculated  to  pass  on  the  ice,  but  found  it 
just  broken  up  and  tlica  floating'  down  the  streiglit. 
rixeir  only  alternative  v/as  to  throw  themselves  up 


present  war  against  tlie  British  and  their  allies. 
For  the  Wyandotts  are  the  right-hand  men  of  the 
British, — thoug-Ii  fi^w  in  numbrr,  thev  are  first  in 
council  and  first  in  the  field,  or  rather  woods,  and 
deservedly  so  too  on  account  of  their  superior  in- 
formation and  tidents. 

_  Ag-ain,  I  have  ofrcn  heard  the  chiefs  of  those  na- 
tions by  whom  the  Wyandotts  were  so  hospitably  re- 
ceived and  assisted,  upbraid  tlie  latter,  in  tlieir  an- 
ger, of  want  of  g-ratitude — telling-  them  they  were 
strang-ers  and  they  took  them  in,  that  the  ground 
occupied  by  them  was  theirs,  &c. 

The  lansruage  of  tlie  Wyandotts  has  no  affinity  to 


readied  the  opposite    shore.     Their  pursuers  not 
chusing-  to  encounter  the  risk,  returned  home. 


on  it,  and  leaping:  from  cake  to  cake  they  all  safely  |  that  of  tne  nations  around  them  :  whereas  the  latter 

all  speak  one  language,  thoug-h  with  considerable 
dialectic  variations  ;  one  intcrjn-eter  serves  well  for 
Tiie  nations  among  whom  the  Wy.'udotts  nowj  all  t!»cse,b!it  he  understands  nothing  of  the  languag-e 
found  themselves,  viz.  the  7'ota-Mittamies,  O/.'a-rcns, [of  the  former,  nor  do  these  nations  understand  each 
Chippnvas,  received  them  with  frcndsliip,  r^od  gave  jother  any  better  than  the  Europeans  and  Chinese,  un- 
or  lent  them  land  to  settle  on.  At  tlie  solicitation  less  it  be  a  few  words  acquired  by  long  intercourse, 
of  the  strangers,  they  even  went  so  fir  as  to  fit  out!  But  the  languageof  the  Wyandotts  is  nearly  or  quite 
a  fleet  of  large  and  excellent  birch  canoes  with  aithe  same  as  that  of  the  Cogntrtvag-oes,  low  Hown.  in 
view  to  meet  the  Setecas  whom  they  expected  on j Canada,  and  also  of  tlie  .Moha-wks,  as  I  am  told.  A 
with    a    fleet  fi-om   the   east.     These  canoes   were  remarkable  singularity  in  it  is,  that  it  has  no /tjj!?/a/6V 


chiefly  built  on  the  strcights  and  higher  lakes,  and 
came  to  a  rendezvous  about  whei-e  Maiden  now  is. 
It  is  said  t:icy  made  a  graiul  show.  The  Senecas 
not  having  as"  good  material";,  were  obliged  to  make 
use  of  %-  canoes,  hollov.^ed  out  of  the  trunks  of 
trees.  These  were  far  more  clumsy  and  unmanagea- 
ble than  those  made  of  the  birch  burls  ;  the  latter 
being  supei-iar  to  our  best  skifls  and  may  safely 
brave  the  surges  of  the  lakes. 


their  lips  are  aXw Ays  apart  in  speaking,  and  tliey 
have  many  guttural  sounds. 

Indeed  the  Wjandotts  expressly  claim  a  relation- 
ship to  the  Canadian  Cognewagocs,  abovcmentioned, 
and  I  know  that  visits  were  excliangcd  between  them. 
What  was  still  more  remarkable,  thev  assured  me  a 
part  of  the  Creek  nation  were  their  relations,  and 
visits  liad  been  interclianged  with  them  also,  Tliey 
say,  that  on  their  great  discomfiture  and  expulsion 


The  Wyandotsand  their  allies  s.et  out  from  their  I  by  the  Senecas,  apart  of  their  nation  fled  down  the 
rendezvous,  coasting  tlie  nortli   side   of  lake  Erie 
till  they  came  to  Long  Point,  witliin  20  or  30  mdes 


St.  Lawrence,  who  are  npw  the  Cognewagoes  ;  anS 
of  the  main  body  who  fled  westward,  some  were  un- 
willing to  stop  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  lakes,  and 
proceeded  on  to  the  Ohio  river,  wlicre  they  made 
canoes  and  descended  southwardly  till  thev  obtain- 


of  the  eastern  end  of  the  lake.  Here  they  made  a 
halt,  not  deeming  it  pr  uleu  to  doubie  the  point  till 
they  had  looked'around  it.     For  this  purpose  they 

dispatched  a  few  men  across  the  point,  v.ho  happen- jed  hospitality  at  Last  among  the  Creeks.  By  min- 
ed to  meet  midwny,  with  about  the  same  nun;brr  gling  with  them  they  had  not  kept  tliem^selvcs  dis- 
of  the  enemy,  dispatc'aed  for  a  similar  object.  Each  tinct  like  the  other  branches. 


party  retreated  to  tlicir  fleet,  except  one  or  two 
Wyandotts,  who  ascended  trees  to  ascertain  the  si- 
tuation and  number  of  their  ei-vemy  ami  the  nature 
«f  their  craft,  which  they  found  t(^  be  logs. 

Now  a  grand  manoeuvre  was  set  on  foot — the  birch 


The  Wyandotts  are  all  Ciiristian  Catholics,  while 
few  individu:ds  of  the  nations  around  tliem  liave 
emerged  from  heathenism.  Tliis  shows  the  former 
to  liave  once  resided  witlun  easy  scope  of  tlic  old 
French   missionaries,    whose  head   quarters   were 


co"oe  party  proceeded  to  the  end  of  the  point,  ami  Quebec  and  Montreal.  Tiiey  now  own  a  large 
in  full  view  (jf  their  enemy,  put  out  directly  into  the  [church  at  Sandwich,  nearly  opposite  Detroit,  where 
lake.  The  Senecas  immediately  pursued,  and  when  i  the  Erencli  a. id  ihcy  worship  jointly.  It  has  a  hand- 
<hey  liad  readied  about  midwayof  the  lake  the  A/rc/;  some  dome,  covered  with  tin,  with  a  considerable 
caiiocs  turned  upon  them  and  gave  them  such  battle  I  bell.  The  straitened  limits  of  this  nation  has  led 
as  could  not  be  vvithstood.   '^AU  the  ftenecas  were!  them  to  the  cultivation  of  civilize'd  arts,  which  is 


slain  but  one  man,  v/ho  pretended  to  be  dead,  but 
was  afterwards  found  alive,  and  was  permitted  to  go 
home  to  tell  the  catastrophe  to  his  nation. 

Tnus  closed  the  war,  and  the  Wyandotts  remained 


probably  the  foundation  of  their  sujierior  abilities 
and  influence  at  present.  They  l)uild  good  cabins, 
till  the  ground,  raise  stock,  and  are  generally  seen 
on   g-ood   horses — still    they  adhere  to    the  Indian 


and  Sandusky — names  now  familiar  to  the  public 
e;u-. J\'at.  Int. 


in  peace  in  their  new  station.     This  is  supposed  to :  dress.    Their  settlements  are  Moguaga,  Browstown 

have  been  the  first  ;iflr«^  art/o7i  on  the  lalies.  ^  ^      ■<     ■>  « 

Several  circumstances  conspire  to  gain  credit  to 
tiiis  relation. 

One  is  tlie  Inveterate  prejudice  and  hati-ed  ex- 
isting between  the  Wyandotts  and  Senecas  to  tliis 
day.  The  ca\ise  of  this  hatred  has  recently  assumed 
other  forms  than  the  ancient  tuar ,-  the  former  ac- 
cuse the   latter  of  administering  bad  r.u'dicine,  by 


Foreign  Articles. 

LATEST  FROM  EUROPE. 

Ijondon  papers  of  Avgiist  20 — Pans  dates  of  Aug.  27- 
A  Jjrnidon  paper  of  August  19  has  the  following 


which  they  mean  a  kind  of  iucxplicaole  witcbcrafw  remarkable  paragrapii  : — "With  a  vieiv  to  assure  the 
'',n-  conj'ii-ation.     But  since  the  Genncsscc' country ^3.7i'?.;.«'»?i  of  Canada,  i:i  case  of  a  mptun  rdth  t.^i 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGJf  ARTICLES. 


115 


tlniied  States,  the  government  has  !pive/i  '.nters  tubiiild 
upon  the  lakes  neie  ships  of  ivcir  and  ^n-vessels,  proper 
for  the  naxri^ation  of  those  -vaters.  Every  :hi!iq-  is 
preparing  in  England  for  the  arming  and  equipping  of 
those  vesaels." 

NAi>otEo>r  BoYAPAKTE. — Thc  following"  protest  is 
copied  from  a  London  puper  of  August  21  : — "I  pro- 
test solemnly,  before  God  und  before  men,  ag'ainst 
Ihc  violation  of  ray  sacred  rights,  which  is  commit- 
ted, in  disposiiif^  by  force  of  my  person  and  of  my 
jjberty.  I  came  vcjluntarily  on  board  tlie  llcllcro- 
phon.  I  am  not  a  prisoner  ;  I  am  an  inhal)itunt  of 
Eng-land. 

From  the  moment  I  set  foot  on  board  the  llellc- 
rophon,  I  was  under  ttic  protection  of  tiie  Eng'lisli 
nation.  If  its  tjovernmeut  in  g'iving-  to  tjie  captain 
of  the  Bellerophon  orders  to  receive  mc  and  mj'  siiite, 
meant  only  to  enslave  me,  it  has  lost  its  h.onor  and 
Kuliied  its  flag-. 

If  that  act  be  put  in  execution,  it  v.ill  be  in  vain 
that  the  Eng-lisli  will  boast  of  their  loyalty,  their 
]aws  and  tlieir  liberty.  British  faith  v.ili  bc'stain.ed 
by  tjie  hospitality  of  the  Uelleroplion.  I  appeal  to 
history  to  say  whether  an  enemy,  who,  after  having- 
during'  twenty  years  made  war  against  the  English 
nation,  csmes  willingly  upon  a  reverse  of  fortime,  to 
.seek  an  asylum  under  the  protection  of  her  laws, 
can  give  a  more  convincing  proof  of  his  esteem  and 
confidence ;  but  how  liave  the  English  requiled  tliai 
confidence  and  sucli  magnanimity  ?  Tiicy  have  pre- 
tended to  hold  out  a  friendly  hand  to  that  enemy, 
and  when  he  committed  himseif  to  their  good  f  dtii, 
they  sacrificed  him. 

(Signed)  N.\POLEOX. 

bellerophon,  at  sea,  JIugitst  4,  lil  J." 
.imerican  seamen. — Tli,e  last  London  propers  say, 
that  on  the  representation  of  thc  unemployed  Bri- 
tish seamen,  more  than  100  American  sailors,  em- 
phrjcd  on  board  of  British  meixhavlmen,  liad  been 
discharged  ;  and  a  vessel  taken  up  to  bring  them  to 
America. 

The  British  minister  for  the  United  States  had  not 
embarked  .at  the  date  of  our  last  accounts.  It  was 
said  he  would  not  proceed  on  his  embassy  for  seve- 
ral weeks. 

The  plague  appears  to  rage  witli  great  violence 
in  many  of  the  ports  of  the  Levant. 

Orders  have  been  given  to  reduce  the  navv  of 
Great  Britain  to  12,000  seamen  and  500  miirincs. 

The  Paris  papers  contain  amusing. accounts  of  the 
seizure  of  Juu^ph  Bonaparte,  wlio  is  snug  ne.u-  Ivlpw- 
Vork.  ^ 

It  is  understood  that  marshal  .^Vj/  v.ill  bo  the- 
next  victim  to  tlie  milit;a-v  ivibunal  established  at 
l'.ms.  .Much  blood  must 'be  shed  before  thc  alUes 
will  feel  content  that  Louis  is  thc  desired  of  ihc 
French  people!  Drouet,  Laborde,  DebiUc,  &c.  will 
fjUow.  It  is  said  that  mar.-Jials  ALissrua  and  .hiq-e- 
reau  are  members  of  tiie  council  to  ti-}-  marsiial  W-y. 
It  appears  that  corps  of  Prassi.an "troops  arc  yet 


entermg  France!  It  is  asserted  that  the  first  and 
second  line  of  French  fortresses  will  be  g.arrisoned 
by  the  allies — never  to  be  restored  to  their  "legitimate 
»overeign."  Thc  allies  are  not  content  \\  itli  Louis' 
orgjuiization  of  his  new  aniu',  and  he  uiusi.  re- 
model it. 

The  duke  of  Cassano  (Marat)  has  been  arrested 
in  Switzerland. 

Murat  and  ThionviUe  are  also  said  to  be  in  custo- 
'b'— but  one  report  s.ays,  that  the  former  w;i3  set  at 
liberty. 

Tiie  British  are  sending  out  two  officers  to  ex- 
plore tlie  source  of  the  j\\ger  .'  Tliis  is  an  act  wor- 
tliy  of  u  grsat  goveriunexit. 


'7'A?  Plague.  It  is  said  15,000  persons  die  dailv 
of  the  plague  at  Cairo! 

.'ilgien-  is  reported  to  h.ave  deckired  war  against 
Sjnin. 

Jlojfal  coupling.';.  "We  have  it  reported  that  the 
heredit.ary  prince  of  tlie  Netherlands  is  to  be  cou- 
pled with  the  grand  duchess  Aime  of  Russia;  and 
that  his  former  betrothed,  Cliarlotte  of  Vv'.ales,  is  ly 
be  coupled  with  a  prince  of  Prussia,  nephcv/  to  the 
king. 

Lojiis  is  king  of  France  !  The  London  papers  ex- 
press an  unqualified  opir.ion  that  if  l^ouis  is  left  im- 
protected  hy  foreign  Ijayonets  hi.-,  "beloved  subjects" 
will  instantly  drive  him  from  the  throne.  Thev 
5pcak  of  large  provinces  to  be  cut  oft'  from  France, 
and  that  it  will  be  necessary  long-  to  "hold  tlic  rod" 
over  that  couniry,  by  keeping  within  it  large  boiiie.s 

of  troops just  to  secure   its   independence  !     "^Vc 

have  an  aj'ucic  (too  long  for  insertion  this  week) 
detailing  the  diti'erent  departments  of  France  which 
are  respectively  ;i6signed  to  the  vxilHary  occupation. 
of  thc  Prussian,  British,  Austrian,  liussian,  bava- 
rian, Saxon  and  iVirtJinl>;!rg  armies.  Louis  is  hard- 
ly a  dep.uty  king- — and  if  his  tainencss,  with  the 
outrages  of  the  allies,  does  not  provoke  the  French 
people  lo  another  struggle,  we  s!iall  be  g-reatly  mis- 
t..k£n.  Every  drop  of  blood  they  shed  "shall  yet  be 
retaliated. 

lAberty  if  the  press  !  On  the  10th  of  Angust  the 
king  of  France  issued  the  following  decree  : 

Louis,  by  thc  grace  of  God,  king  of  France  .and 
Navarre,  to  all  who  siiail  see  tliese  presents,  hcaltli : 
Afier  having  heard  our  ministers,  and  on  the  re- 
port of  our  minister  secretary  of  state  fji-  tlie  dc- 
l)artment  of  general  police,  we  have  decrec<l  -aid 
do  decree  as  follows  : 

Article  1.  All  the  authoriz.itions  granted  for  jour-., 
nals  till  this  day,  of  what  nature  soever  are  revoked, 
and  none  of  the  aforesaid  journals  can  -appear,  un- 
less they  receive  a  new  a-atliorily  from  our  minister 
of  general  police,  before  thc  ibih  of  August  cuj-- 
rent,  for  the  journals  of  P.aris,  .ind  before  the  20th 
of  August  next  for  those  of  thc  departments. 

2-  '.ill  periodical  ivri tings  shall  be  sunmitted  to  the 
e.ruminatio-i  of  a  commission  lohose  7nemhers  shxiU  A" 
appointed  by  us,  on  the  presentation  of  our  ni'.n-ister  nf 
the  general  police. 

3.  Our  minister  gener.al  of  police  is  entrusted  with 
the  execution  of  the  present  ordin.ance. 

Given  at  the  castle  of  the  Thuiilcrics,  the  8th  of 
the  month  of  .\ugust,  year  of  grace  lijlo,  and  tlie 
21st  of  our  reign. 

(Signed)  LOrfS. 

Journal  de  I'aris. 
Statu  of  France.  A  letter  from  IJordeaux,  dated 
August  ,j1,  s.ays — "Thc  last  advices  from  Paris  are 
of  a  very  gloomy  n.atvu-c.  It  is  said  tlie  allied  pov/- 
crs  have  declared,  that  tlu-ir  .armies  sliall  not  leave 
France,  until  the  tt'.V./c  of  l!ie  seditious  f  .ci;ion  be 
anniliilatod  ;  they  declare  that  it  is  necessary  for  the 
safety  of  the  king,  and  the  tranquility  of  Europe 
that  every  traitoi-  be  punished.  'J'l.is  dci-laralioa  li;is 
created  great  consternation  in  thc  capital, 

"On  the  other  side,  we  received  this  morning., 
confirnuition,  that  tlic  fortifie^itions  of  Jiayonne  h-.vc 
been  taken  possession  of  by  twenty  thousand-  .Spa- 
niards, who  entered  the  city  Nvitli  the  white  Hag. 
l"hc  guieral  opinion  noVv"  is,  that  the  allies  will  re- 
main in  France,  until  by  their  contributions,  re- 
quisitions, &c.  they  have  so  weakened  her,  as  toic- 
dnce  her  to  complete  imi)ote'.;ce,  to  do  any  mischief 
for  a  long-  time  to  come." 

Another  letter  says — "  The  state  of  Fr.ance  is  a^ 
tills  momejit  distressing  und  degi-ading  ii;  thc  ex- 


115      ^'IL^S'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  14,  1815. 


treme — overrun  by  a  band  of  foreign  troops,  com-', 
posed  of  almost  every  nation  in  Europe,  paid,  fed 
and  clothed  by  forced  contributions,  and  tlicir  lead- 
ers manifesting  a  disposition  to  reduce  her  to  the' 
condition  of  a  province  ;  tlie  inlial>itants  even  of  this; 
section  of  the  country  (who  have  always  been  enthu- 
siastically attached  to  the  Bourbons)  begin  to  look 
upon  those  allies,  who,  on  their  entrance  into  France, 
Ihey  hailed  as  their  deliverers,  as  their  most  dread- 
ed enemies  ;  and  from  what  I  can  observe,  I  feel 
pretty  well  assured,  unless  a  change  of  conduct  in 
their'conquei-ors  takes  place,  they  will  make  some 
desperate  effort  to  thi'ow  off  the  yoke  iu  the  course 
of  a  very  few  months." 

Su  latest  verbal  ne~^-s  from  Frcmce  by  the  Spartan 
(says  the  New  York  Columbia?!)  we  learn  that  hor- 
ribie  excesses  are  constantly  comaiitted  in  the  de- 
partments by  the  allied  ti'oops  ;  that  the  allied  kings 
declined  giving  any  specific  answer  to  Louis  the 
eip^hteentli ;  tiiat  they  had  proliibited  the  printing 
of  Fouche's  report  to  the  king  on  the  deplorable  state 
of  France  ;  that  the  French  army  had  not  submitted, 
l)ut  were  in*/the  mountains  of  Auvergnic  ;  d.iily  in- 
creased by  volunteers  ;  that  shocking  massacres  had 
been  committed  on  tjie  protestants  near  J\,''is!nes, 
where  it  was  wickedly  contrived  to  hold  them  up  as 
Bonap;a'tists— 1500  are  the  number  said  to  have  been 
killed — that  a  Spanish  army  was  marchir.g  into 
France,  also! 

The  duke  of  Otranto's  report  is  received  in  to\vn. 
Wc  hear  it  was  copied,  re-copied  and  privately  cir- 
culated through  France.  [We  expect  to  insert  it 
in  our  next.] 

Barbaro^ts  expressions. — Before  the  capitulation  of 
Paris,  the  London  Sun  of  June  2S,  published  the  fol- 
lowing: "Jfr(.9.sf rtfl  has  been  appointed  to  supersede 
Jionaparte  in  the  command  of  tlie  national  guard  of 
I'aris.  Siiould  any  attempt  be  made  to  defend  tliat 
city,  we  trust  it  will  be  laid  in  ruins,  as  an  eternal 
monument  of  the  retributive  justice  of  Heaven." 

Some  difference  is  said  to  have  arisen  between 
the  sovereign  of  the  Netherlands  and  the  tlie  king 
of  Prussia  as  to  territory.  This  is  mentioned  in  the 
London  Statesman. 

Ifis  stated  that  thc/are/^-n  troops  (except  150,000 
to  remain  in  evidence  of  the  love  of  the  people  ©f 
France  for  the  Boui'bons!)  would  begin  to  evacuate 
that  country  early  in  September. 

General  Kosciusko  resides  at  present  in  Switzer- 
land. 

Pans,  Av;r.  13. — A  letter  from  \  ienna  of  the  28th 


Marslial  Soult,  who  was  apprehended  at  Mende, 
has  been  set  at  liberty.  He  lias  retired  to  lios  cas- 
tle at  St.  Am.and,  near  Castres,  where  he  is  to  re- 
main under  tlie  superintendance  of  the  minister  of 
the  general  police,  according-  to  the  ordinance  of 
the  24th  of  July. 

In  taking  the  Inventory  of  the  effects  which  ma- 
dame  -Murat  brought  to  Trieste,  there  have  been 
found,  it  is  said,  1,800,000  ducats,  20  cwt.  of  silver 
plate,  diamonds  on  a  very  moderate  valuation,  to 
the  amount  of  at  least  3,000,000,  besides  a  great 
many  valuable  paintings  and  antiques;  the  latter, 
it  is  affirmed,  are  sequestrated,  but  all  the  rest  is 
secured  to  her  in  full  property. 

.^ug-iist  '27 .  It  is  said  that  the  Swiss  diet  have 
decreed  that  the  duke  of  Bassano  shall  not  reside 
in  the  Swiss  cantons,  and  that  he  must  quit  Berne 
on  the  17th  to  return  to  France. 

We  learn  that  the  siege  of  Huniguen  commenced 
on  the  20th.  Towards  evening  and  during  the  whole 
night,  until  morning,  a  very  lively  cannonade  was 
kept  up  from  the  batteries  built  around  Huniguen. 
On  both  banks  of  the  Rhine,  for  eight  days,  gi-eat 
preparations  both  for  attack  and  defence  had  been 
made.  Many  princes  will  assist  at  the  siege,  v.'hich 
will  be  conducted  according  to  all  the  rules  of  art. 
Tiie  archduke  Ferdinand,  eldest  son  of  the  emperor 
of  Austi-ia,  and  general  Barclay  de  Tolly  have  hired 
lodgings  at  Basle.  The  commandant  of  Huniguen 
has  Iioisted  the  red  flag  by  the  side  of  the  tri-co- 
lored;  the  same  thing  has  been  done  at  Befort. 

London,  Auffust20. — 3  percent,  consols,  left  off 
yesterday  at  56^,  5-8,  and  omnium  at  7}. 

On  Friday  a  large  sum  was  vested  in  the  British 
funds  in  the  name  of  the  noted  CaulincoiU't,  the 
duke  of  Vicenza. 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  Jerome  Bo- 
naparte escaped  from  France  one  of  the  first,  and 
without  any  accident.  He  left  Paris  on  the  27th  of 
June,  with  two  plain  carriages  only,  accompanied  by 
a  physician  in  one,  while  a  valet  and  another  person 
occupied  the  other.  They  took  the  Orleans  road, 
and  left  the  kingdom  by  the  frontier  of  Switzerland. 
It  is  added  that  the  king  of  Wirtemburg  has  con- 
sented that  Jerome  Bonaparte  shall  reside  in  his 
states,  and  that  the  princess  his  wife  (daughter  of 
tiie  king)  is  to  live  with  him  again. 

Some  of  the  private  letters  by  yesterd.ay's  mail 
from  Paris  assert,  that  an  arrangement  has  been 
concluded   between    the    allied    powers    and    the 


ultimo'  savs-"When  the  intelligence  of  Napoleon  French  government,  by  which  the  latter  is  to  pay  to 


having  surrendered  himself  to  tlie  English  arrived 
here  the  empress  went  to  Baden  to  prepare  the 
arch  duchess  Maria  Lousia  for  this  news.  Slie  re- 
ceived it  with  firmness,  but  shut  lierselfup  in  her 
nnartments.  We  are  assui-ed  that  she  v.'ill  soon  leave 
Baden  to  return  to  the  castle  of  Schccnbrun.  She 
has  fordid  the  persons  who  attended  on  her  son  to 
inform  him  of  the  events  which  have  occurred  in 
France." 

August  16.  Labedoyere  heard  his  sentence  read 
in  prison  with  great  composure.  He  asked  captain 
Viotti  if  he  had  not  twenty-four  hours  to  appeal. — 
On  being  answered  in  the  affirmative,  he  said  "Ihat 
is  sufficient."  We  are  assured  that  the  documents 
were  yesterday  delivered  by  the  clerk  to  tlie  coun- 
cil of  revision,"  and  that  its  decision  will  be  given 
to-day.  As  these  proceedings  relate  solely  to  forms 
the  prisoner  cannot  be  present. 

Tiie  first  council  of  war  is  already  engaged  with 
the  affair  of  genera!  Drouet.  Marshal  Ney,  gene- 
ral Debille,  and  others,  v/ill  l)e  successively  tried 
by  tlie  first  and  second  council. 


the  former,  within  a  stipulated  period,  the  sum  of 
600,000,000  francs,  towards  indeninifyijig  them  for 
the  expences  of  the  war.  As  a  security  for  the  due 
fulfilment  of  this  engagement,  the  whole  of  the 
northern  and  eastern  fortresses  are  to  be  placed  in 
the  hands  of  the  allies,  and  exclusive  of  the  force 
necessary  to  garrison  the  places  so  delivered  up,  an 
army  of  at  least  150,000  more  men  will  remain  in 
tlie  interior  of  France  until  the  last  instalment  of 
the  contribution  shall  have  been  paid.  The  Frencli 
government  takes  upon  itself,  in  the  mean  time,  the 
entire  burden  of  subsisting  the  allied  troops,  for 
v/hich  purpose  it  engages  to  advance  monthly  the 
sum  of  25,000,000  francs,  to  be  distributed  in  the 
following  proportion,  viz.  five  millions  each  to  Rus- 
sia, Prussia,  Austria  and  England,  and  five  millions 
to  l)e  <livided  among  the  minor  states. 

Tlie  frigate  Eurotas  sailed  from  Plymouth  on  Sa- 
turday, having  on  board  Savarj',Lallcmand  and  other 
persons  who  wre  not  permitted  to  accompany  Bo- 
naparte to  St.  Helena.  It  i:  s.aid  that  they  arc  to 
be  carried  to  Malta. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


117 


TRIAL  OF  COL.  LABEnOYERE. 

[The  foUoxvin^  sketch  of  the  trial  of  the  celebrated 
col.  Labedoyere,  ii  copied  from  a  Paris  paper  if  the 
\6th  Au^rist — a  paper  edited  under  the  immediate 
miperintendarice  of  the  censors  of  Louis  \%th,  for 
ivhich  allowances  must  be  made.] 

[TRAVSHTED^FOn      THE    BALTIMOTIT:    PATHIOT.] 

AFFAm^OF  COL.  LABEDOYERE. 

2d  council  of  war. 

This  affair  for  a  long  time  past  liacl  excited  the 
liveliest  interest  and  curiosity  in  the  puhlic  mind. 
Among' the  spectators  were  remarked  several  stran- 
gers of  the  hig'hest  distinction:  prince  William  of 
Prussia,  the  prince  of  Orange,  the  prince  of  Wlr- 
temburg,  &c.  and  several  general  officers.  The 
trial  commenced  at  half  past  11  o'clock.  The  char- 
ges of  accusation  were  read. 

Col.  Labedoyere  denied  that  he  had  held  any  com- 
mand in  the  army  after  the  capitulation;  he  acknow- 
ledged that  lie  remained  several  days  at  Jihom,  and 


derations  on  which  the  motives  of  his  conduct  wcra 
founded  seemed  to  him  above  all  personal  interest. 
lie  desired  to  be  heard  before  the  evidence  of  the 
witnesses  should  be  taken  which  was  granted. 

lie  read  observations  tending  to  prove  that  he 
oughtnotto  bejudgedby  the  council  of  the  first  mi- 
litary division,  but  by  the  council  of  that  division 
in  which  the  fact  took  place,  and  desired  that  the 
witnesses  on  both  sides  should  be  equally  heard. — 
The  witnesses    were  called. 

Comit  D'Agout  repeats  the  declaration  he  had 
bef(n-e  made,  and  does  it  with  the  utmost  reserve. 
Col.  L.  questions  liim  if  he  knew  the  military  mea- 
sures that  had  been  taken  for  tlic  defence  of  Ch-eno- 
ble. — The  witness  says  that  he  only  knew  the  ar- 
rangements made  relative  to  the  placing  of  the  ar- 
tillery. 

General  Devillers  deposes,  that  he  ordered  col. 
Labedoyere  to  proceed  with  his  regiment  frora 
Chamberii  to  Gnnioble.     The  7th  March,  .about  4  P. 


that  he  expected  to  be  appointed  chef  d'  etat-maJor\^'{-  he  learned  that  the  colonel  had  left  the  town 


of  the  2d  corps 

Being  asked  why  he  concealed  himself  in  the 
house  of  madame  Fonterry,  where  he  was  arrested, 
in  Paris,  he  replied  that  that  lady  was  the  friend  of 
madame  Labedoyere.  He  denied  that  he  had  ever 
had  any  communication  with  the  Isle  of  Elba  du- 
ring Bonaparte's  residence  tliere,  or  that  he  had  re- 
ceived any  oi-der  from  him  whatever.  He  avowed, 
that  previously  to  the  retui-n  of  Bonaparte,  he  did 
frequent  society  wliere  political  discontent  was  man- 
ifested: and  tluit  on  some  points  he  entertained  simi- 
lar sentiments  of  dicontent,  but  not  on  others. 

It  appeared  by  col.  L's  papers,  which  had  been 
seized,  that  he  had  conceiveel  a  design  of  going 
to  the  U.  States,  and  that  a  Mr.  Ouvai'd  had  given 
him  two  letters  of  credit,  of  which  one  was  on  a 
house  in  Philadelphia — among  them  was  also  found 
a  passport  granted  to  him  under  the  name  of  Ihiche, 
by  the  sub-prefect  of  llhiom. 

The  declarations  of  the  witnesses  were  read. 
In  an  interrogatory  which  col.  L.  had  undergone, 
and  which  was  read,  he  avowed  that  he  did  send  an 
officer  to  meet  Bonaparte  after  his  landing',  and 
that  on  his  entry  he  escorted  him  with  his  whole 
regiment.  He  confessed  that  he  had  caus^id  the 
Eagle  of  his  regiment  to  be  carried  to  Greno- 
ble by  one  of  his  servants;  that  his  regiment  march- 
ed out  of  (irenoble  by  liis  orders,  himself  at  the 
head  of  it:  tliat  gen.  Devillers  made  representations 
to  him,  which  he  did  not  think  himself  hound  to 
submit  to  because  he  (col-  L.)  had  solely  tlie  inter- 
est and  safety  of  iiis  country  in  view.  He  demanlled 
that  every  person  who  might  have  ajiy  knowledge 
of  the  facts  imputed  to  him  might  be  heard. 

The  accused  was  conducted  into  the  presence  of 
the  judges.  His  stature  is  elevated:  his  physiogno- 
my tine  and  agreeable.  He  at  hrst  appeared  pale 
and  somewhat  dejected,  but  his  countenance  soon 
resumed  an  air  of  confidence:  and  his  public  inter- 
rogatory commenced. 

He  states  that  his  name  is  Charles  AngeUqe  Fran- 
Gois  Huchet  de  Labeduijere,  aged  29  yeai's,  a  general 
officer. 

He  acknowledged  that  he  had  been  appointed  by 
the  king  colonel  of  the  7th  regiment  of  the  line; 
and  had  recieved  a  white  flag  for  his  regiment,  but 
that  not  being  present  when  the  white  flag  arriv.^d 
at  Chambery,  he  declared  tluit  he  never  took  tlie 
oatli. 

He  declared  tliat  he  carried  out  his  regiment  to 
meet  Bonaparte,  and  uttered  tlie  cry  of  vive  I'cmpe- 
reiir.  He  was  asked  if  gen.  Devillers,  hi.-i  superior, 
did  not  make  representation:;  to  him — he  rejihed 
that  he  did  not  yield  to  thein,  because  the  cons-i- 


with  his  corps  and  gone  to  meet  Bonaparte;  that  he 
hastened  after  the  colonel  on  the  road  to  Gap  and 
overtook. him,  represented  to  him  his  diitu,  his  oaths, 
and  the  interest  of  his  family;  but  the  colonel  re- 
fused to  obey  him.  The  accused  reminds  gen.  De- 
villers of  certain  questions  he  proposed  to  him  at 
Grenoble,  and  which  prove  that  he  doubted  of  the 
efficacy  of  the  measures  taken  for  the  defence  of  that 
place  against  an  attack  from  Bonaparte.  The  general 
acknowledges  the  correctness  of  tliese  facts. 

M.   Andru,  a  lawyer  of  Grenoble,  deposes,  that 
on  the  7th  March  he  saw  col.  L.  going  out  at  the  head 
of  his  regiment  cning  vive  Vempereur! — and  in  the 
evening  saw  him  in  the  cortege  of  Bonaparte,  re-- 
turning  at  the  head  of  his  regiment. 

M.  Bouret,  of  Grenoble,  declares  that  he  was  not 
an  eye-witness  of  col.  L's  defection,  but  that  he 
heard  it  spoken  of. 

M.  Gagnon,  lieutenant,  in  non-activity,  at  Greno- 
ble,  declares  that  colonel  Labedoyere  lodged  at  his 
house,  and  that  a  month  after  lionaparte's  return 
he  found  a  white  flag  that  had  been  torn  w^i,  the 
morning  after  Bo!iap.irte's  arrival  at  Grenoble. 

M.  Crouy,  chasseur  royal  at  Grenoble,  deposes 
that  he  heard  it  said,  on  the  7th  ]March,  that  col.  L. 
had  placed  an  eagle  upon  the  end  of  a  branch  vf 
willow,  and  had  distributed  tri-colored  cockades  to 
his  soldiers.  The  next  day  the  witness  saw  that 
eagle  on  the  square  at  Grent)ble. 

The  president  reads  the  artiole  of  the  code  which 
permits  hhn  to  cail  in  witnesses  in  virtue  of  his  dis- 
cretitniary  jjower,  and  they  are  introduced  in  the 
following  order. 

M.  Maximi,  royal  volunteer  at  Barreau;  he  declare.^ 
that  he  heard  spoken  of  die  defection  of  col.  J-abc- 
doyere;  adding  that  on  the  night  of  tlie  :;''th,  being 
near  Beauiie,  he  lieard  some  one  from  Vvithont  ex- 
claim, "make  way  for  me,  my  friends,  we  have  ser- 
ved together:  I  am  colonel  of  the  7th,  arid  the  em- 
peror is  there." 

M.  Itandon,  of  St.  Marcel,  deputy  king's  attoraey 
at  Grenoble,  was  not  an  c)c-witncss  of  the  affait' 
of  col.  L. ;  but  some  tinkc  before  that  having  dined 
in  company  with  him  he  liem-d  iiim  give  a  very 
equis  oca!  to.ast;  and  after  the  entry  of  B.ona]xartv"j 
the  circumstance  of  tliat  toast  was  forcibly  broiigli- 
to  his  re^coUeclion  The  witness  adds,  that  he  Inm- 
sclf  was  met  by  Bonaparte  on  the  7th  March  aud 
being  recognized  was  interrogated  by  liim  as  to  the 
spirit  of  the  people  of  (Jreiioble. 

TJic  witnesses  being  heard,  tlie  president  asks 
col.  Labedoyere  if  he  desires  that  any  oth^i^  shouM 
be  introduced;  and  on  the  answer  of  the  accuseds 
in  the  negavive,  ^h.i  rep'jrter  t:vkc3  up  tlie  subKCc- 


118    J^^ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  li,  1815. 


Tie  retraces  the  principal  facts  of  ^vhich  col 
Labcdovere  stiinds  charged,  with  clearness  and  pre- 
cisiof!,  and  supports  them  by  the  declarations  oFtlie 
witnesses  and  the  acknowledgroent  of  the  accused. 
"Thus,  says  he,  col.  Labedoyere,  forgetful  of  his 
oath,  went  forward  to  receive  the  man,  against  whom 
he  v.-as  bound  to  combat  Unlill  deat!),  and  becume 
his  accomplice." 

The  reporter  found  the  crime  to  be  the  greater, 
as  the  crimes  resulting  from  it  were  the  more 
Calamitous. 

;Mr.  Boxon  presented  himself,  not  as  the  ad- 
vocate, but  as  tlie  counsel  of  the  accused,  confined 
iiimselfto  the  following  observations,  and  addressed 
the  judges  : — "(ientlemen,  before  I  delcrmined  to 
lend  any  assistance  to  the  misfortune  of  col.  Labe- 
doyere, I  endeavored  to  know  him,  and  to  pene- 
trate into  the  recesses  of  his  soul — I  have  found 
there,  nobleness  and  grandeur,  and  I  have  thouglit 
that  his  defence  could  not  in.spire  more  interest  in 
l+ie  minds  of  his  judges,  than  wl»en  delivered  from 
his  own  lips." 

The  colonel  rose  and  read  his  defence,  whicli 
appeared  to  be  v.'ritten  in  haste  upon  loose  sheets 
of  paper.  He  protested  that  he  had  never  betrayed 
his  honor.  "If  the  accusation,"  said  he,  "  regarded 
only  my  life,  he  who  has  sonietikoes  led  brave  men 
to  the  post  of  dcatii  would  himself  again  face  death 
like  a  niiUi  of  courag-c,  and  I  would  not  occupy  your 
attention  with  the  sentiments  that  have  directed 
uiy  conduct  :  but  my  lionor  is  attacked  as  well  as 
nt'v  life,  and  I  am  the  more  bo\md  to  defend  it,  as  it 
belongs  not  exclusively  to  myself;  I  am  accountable 
for  it  to  a  wife,  the  mo'del  of  every  virtue;  and  shall 
iny  son,  in  the  same  moment  that  the  light  of 
reason  shall  dawn  upon  his  mind,  blush  for  his 
lierita"-e  .?  1  feel  that  I  am  able  to  resist  the  most 
tcrribfe  of  blows,  if  I  can  exclaim — my  honor  is 
]ireserved. 

"I  may  have  been  deceived,  misled  by  illusions,  by 
recollections,  bv  false  ideas  of  honor;  it  is  possible 
that  my  country  may  have  spoken  a  chhnerical 
language  to  my  heart." 

[The  accused  declared  that  he  had  neither  the 
intention,  nor  the  possibility  of  denying  public  and 
Botorious  facts,  but  he  wished  to  justify  himself 
against  the  accusation  of  having  been  engaged  in  a 
"Olot  which  preceded  the  return  of  IJon.iparte.  He 
'spoke  of  the  virtues  of  the  king  and  depicted  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  people  in  his  favor  when  he 
ascended  the  throne;  but,  he  said  that  the  faults  of 
his  mhiisters  had  damped  the  public  spirit,  Wlicii 
he  wislied  to  explain  tliat  gradual  discontent  which 
he  would  have  argued  in  extenuation  of  his  crime, 
the  president  observed  to  him,  that  hemubt  confine 
himself  simply  to  his  defence,  imd  not  entA-r  iiuo 
political  discussions,  v/hich  were  foreign  from  it. 
It  is  not  of  a  political  Crime  that  you  are  accused, 
faid  he,  but  of  a  military  one.] 

"  How  do  you  expcC,"  replied  col.  Labedoyere, 
'•  that  I  should  combat  notorious  facts,  or  disavow 
public  actions  ?  I  never  conceived  such  an  idea; 
and  since  you  forbid  me  to  enter  into  an  examination 
of  the  politicai  causgs  that  detenmined  the  conduct 
which  I  have  to  answer  for  before  you,  I  renounce 
all  further  defence;  I  will  confine  uiyself  to  the 
ucknoAvledgment  of  a  great  error,  and  I  confess  it 
with  sorrow,  when  I  view  the  deplorable  strac  of 
my  country.  My  fault  is  not  to  have  better 
understood  the  Intentions  of  the  king." 

Col.  Labedoyere  made  a  tardy,  }x-t  an  aftectmg 
reparation  to  the  monarch,  whicli  he  terminated 
v/ith  the  fullowiiig  words  : 

•'  I  have  shed  my  blood  for  n»y  c"ou!itrv,  and  I  am 


"  Milling  to  believe  that  my  death,  preceded  bv  xAy 
"  error,  will  be  of  some  utility;  that  my  memory 
"  will  not  be  held  in  hoiTor,  and  when  my  .son 
"  shall  arrive  at  an  age  to  be  fit  for  the  service  of 
"  his  country,  that  his  country  will  not  reproaclv 
"  him  with  liis  name." 

The  firm  and  noble  accent,  the  modest  and  manly 
countenance,  and  the  penetrating  tone  of  colonel 
Labedoyere  inspired  all  the  auditors  with  one  sen- 
timent, which  was  no  doubt  equally  felt  by  the 
judges;  with  a  regret  that  so  many  fine  qualities, 
which  might  have  rendered  the  possessor  the  jiride 
of  ills  country  and  of  his  fuuily,  should  have  con- 
tributed but  to  make  him  the  instrument  of  an 
e\ent  that  has  covered  France  with  the  most  fright- 
[Vil  calamity. 

Af  er  a  long  deliberation,  the  president  of  the 
council  returned  into  the  audience  chamber  witli 
the  visible  exprc  s'sion  of  grief,  aceom])anied  by  the 
other  judges,  and  pi-onounced  against  col.  Labe- 
doyere, the  stuiiencc  of  Death  / — One  of  the  motive.^ 
of  the  judg-mcnt  was,  that  col.  L.  had  not  availed 
iiimseifof  the  delay  of  8  days,  allowed  by  tJie  king 
to  all  the  acconijjlices  of  Bonaparte,  within  wliicil 
term  they  w-ere  suffered  to  return  to  their  duty. 
The:  coviicil  of-^ar  -maa  composed  of 

EERTiiiiin  DK  Sauvigxit,  adjutant  commandant-^ 
I'resident. 

Vtotti,  chef  de  Battallion — commissary  reporter. 

ALvzunoT  DE  Mo.NTnKstn,  adjutant  commandant. 

DcTiiAxi),  idem. 

St.  Just,  chef  de  Battallion. 

CiiEVALiiui  Lantiiiv,  captain-adjoint  of  the  etat 
major. 

ViscncNT  Gtiexier,  idem. 

Gaudiuot,  officer  orgendarmery— king's  attbmey 

AoU'. — col.  Labedoyere  appealed  from  the  judg- 
ment; but  the  appeal  was  not  admitted — and  the 
sentence  was  cairied  into  execution. 

Conversatioij^—foP  the  year  3815. 

James. — T  was  boi  n,  sir,  in  the  island  of  St.  Helena. 

Feline. — Indeed  !  Ah,  the  name  of  that  place  is 
very  familiar.  It  is  celebrated  as  the  place  to  which 
the  famous  Bojiaparte  was  exiled,  by  certain  allied 
sovereigns,  whose  names  I  cannot  recollect. 

James. — I  believe  tiiere  is,  in  the  Antiquarian  Li* 
brary,  in  the  gi-eat  city  of  JMadlson,  on  Jackson 
Jiiver,  an  historical  work,  which  gives  some  accoimt 
of  those  sovereigns.  I  recollect  the  name  of  Alex- 
ander of  Russia.  Tliere  was  also  another  potentate, 
wlio  governed  an  island  between  the  Atlantic  and 
German  Oceans,  wlio  had  a  hand  in  the  affair.  Tliat 
islaiul,  now  a  provhice,  was  then  a  kingdom  of  vast 
naval  power.  It  was  at  that  time  ruled  by  a  prince 
reg-cnt,  \vi>ic]i  ciicumst.ance  was  preserved  from 
oblivion  by  his  having-  Napoleon  in  his  immediate 
custody.  .More  than  that  I  have  never  heard  of  him; 
and  his  very  ?/«??*<?  appears  to  be  totally  forgotten. 

r  [  Yankee 

state  paper.  ■"* 

Vienna,  .Ipinl  4,  1815 The  imdersigned,  am- 
bassador extraordinary  and  plenipotentiary  of  his 
majesty  the  king  of  Spain  to  the  congress  of  Vien- 
na, has  the  honor  to  claim  that  the  state  of  Parma, 
Placentia,  and  (iuastalla,  militarily  occupied  by 
Austrian  troops,  be  given  up  without  delay,  to  their 
sovcrei;,;n  the  infant  don  Charles  Louis  king  of 
Etruria,  the  only  obstacle  ojjpo^ed  to  this  act  of 
justice  having  been  removed  by  the  ileclaration  of 
congress,  of  the  13th  .March. — He  hopes  that  his 
m.  jesiy,  the  emperor  of  Austria,  will  give  his  or- 
ders to  this  effect,  and  this  done,  that  measures 
will  bo  takeji    without   the  extraov.din;iry  delay  J^ii 


l^ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES.        |i9 


therto  experienced  in  this  affixir,  for  the  restitution 
of  the  territory  which  the  P'rencli  government  de- 
tached from  the  duchy  of  Parma  to  unite  it  to  the 
duchv  of  Modena,  and  for  a  suitable  indemnity  for 
tliat  ceded  to  Austria  by  the  treaty  of  Paris,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Po. 

Althoug-h  the  king- of  Etruria  has  other  rig-lit3  to 
reclaim,  tiie  undersigned  confines  himself  at  pre- 
sent to  requiring  the  restitution  of  the  hereditary 
states  of  Ills  majesty  as  an  immediate  csnsequence 
of  the  said  declaration  of  congress  in  its  sitiing  on 
the  13th  of  .Alarcli.  By  that  declaration  the  pow- 
ei-s  who  signed  the  treaty  of  Paris,  some  of  whom 
also  signed  the  treaty  of  Fontainbleau,  announced 
in  tiie  fi^ce  of  Europe,  that  the  treaty  of  Fontain- 
bleau, whicli  placed  Bonaparte  in  the  Isle  of  Elba, 
and  gave  the  archducliess  Maria  Louisa,  the  three 
duchies  was  broken  up  by  the  escape  of  Bonaparte 
and  his  forcible  entrance  iato  France. 

In  truth,  the  powers    who  by  the  treaty  of  Fon- 
tainbleau, gave    to  the   archduchess  Maria  Louisa, 
the  three  duchies,  disposed  of  that,  which  did  not 
belong  to  tliem,  for  military  occupation  forms  no  ti- 
tle.    But  wlien  it  was  wished  to  insist  on  this  ob- 
servation, which  admits  of  no  reply,  endeavors  were 
made  to  persuade  that  it  was  necessary  to  turn  our 
eyes  from  tins  contravention  of  the  law  of  nations, 
to  lix  them  on  the  inestimable  blessings  thus  procur- 
ed to  Europe,    which  had  been  saved,  it  was  said, 
by   that  treaty.     A    single    difficulty  remained  for 
solution — that  of  demonstrating  that  the  sovereign 
of  Pai-ma,   was  under  obligation,  by  any  treaty,  to 
devote  himself  for  all  the  other  sovereigns  of  Eu- 
rope, and  that  he  ought  to  lose  his  entire  political 
existence  to  preserve  that  of  others,  and   even  to 
procure  them  not  only  immense  aggi-andizements, 
but  also  the  glory  and  happiness  of  procuring  them 
for  princes,   their  relatives,  theu*  allies,   or  their 
proteges.     Doubtless  we  must  not  apply  to  politics 
the  proverb,   that  there  is  nothing  new  untler  the 
sun,  for  it  would  be  impossible  to  find  a  similar  ex- 
ample even  in  the  history  of  the  French  revolution, 
though   so    fertile   in   extraordinary    ma.xims    and 
deeds.  But  notwithstanding  this,  the  treaty  of  Fon- 
tainbleau was  signed  by  power  j  so  respect;:.blc,  and 
who  had  deserved  so    well   of  Europe,  tliat  it  was 
pi-cper  to   speak    of  it   decorously,   though   at  the 
same  time  avowing  that  it  attacked,  in  regard  to 
the  house    of  Parma,  the  sacred  principle  of   le- 
gilimac)-,  at  the  same  time  tlwt   it  foimdcd  on  that 
very    princijile  the  restoration  of  the  French  mo- 
narchy, or  more  properly  speaking,  the  safety  of  Eu- 
rope,   \\iiich    couid    never    be    tranquil    or    h:',iJpy 
wiiilc  a  single  legitimate  sovereign  was  not  in  pos- 
session of  his  states.     Xow,  however,  the  treaty  of 
Font:unbleau  no  longer  exists,   and-  her  imperial 
highness  tiie  arcliduchess  Maria  Louisa  has  no  right 
or   title   to  the  three  duchi<^s,  in    like   manner  as 
the  emperor  of  Austria  has  no  reason  for  continuing 
to  occu])y   them,   nor    to    receive  their  revenues, 
wliile  the  sovereigns  who  derived  them  from  their 
ancestors  are  wanderers,  and    owmg    their  subsis- 
tence to  the  generor.ity   of  their  relatives.     As  it  is 
high  time  this  state  of  livings  siiould  cea8e,the  imder- 
l      signed  ri.qufsts  prince  Metternicli  to  lay  this  reel:. 
niution   before   his  imperial  majesty,  v/Jiose  love  oi' 
jusiice  is  so  wed  known,   that  it  is  impossible  the 
king  of  Etruria   sliould  not  obtain    ii'oiii   it   tliat 
which  is   his  due;  or  that  if  any  unforeseen  obsta- 
cle prevent   his   imperial   mnjcsty  from  doing  this, 
prince Mettcrnich  will  have  the  goodness  to  fix  ar. 
e.irly  day  for   submitting  the  contents  of  this  note 
to  the  congress,  the  undjjrsigned    being  inu.b'c  to 
believe  tliat  the  poweis   who   signed  and  published 
the  declaration  of  ^N^luch  v  ill  refis?  to  put  in  exe- 


cution an  essential  part  of  it,  a  circumstance  which 
would  furnisli  the  maligTiant,   and  the  parlizans  of  ' 
the  usurper,  with  reasons  for  hoping  that  the  same  ' 
tiling  may  happen  as  to  other  matters. 

The  Spanish  plenipotentiary  might  complain  of 
the  strange  turn  which  has  from  the  first  been  given 
to  his  reclamations  in  fvivor  of  the  house  of  Piirma. 
lie  might  remark,  that  in  the  conference  of  the 
10th  of  December,  a  committee,  of  which  he  form- 
ed a  part,  was  appointed  to  discuss  the  business, 
and  that  this  committee  has  never  met,  a  thing  ujI- 
exampled  in  all  other  congresses,  and  even  in  thiii 
one  so  exti-aordinary  in  many  respects.  That  a  pro- 
ject having  been  gnen  by  a  member  of  the  com- ; 
mittee  in  January,  to  prince  Melternich,  he  replied  ' 
thereto  by  a  counter  project,  which  was  officially 
communicated  to  the  undersigned,  who  accepted  it 
in  substance  ;md  sent  it  to  his  court.  That  the  lat- 
ter deemed  it  very  extraordinary  that  it  was  refused 
to  restore  to  the  king  of  Etruria  the  city  of  Placcn- 
tia,  the  only  point  of  the  three  duchies  which  Aus- 
tria claimed  to  retain,  and  that  because  Placentia. 
Was,  it  was  said,  a  military  pomt;  as  if  a  power 
which  had  20  millions  of  subjects  had  need  of  mi- 
litary positions  against  a  neighbor  who  had  not 
400,000;  or  as  if  the  treaty  of  Paris,  wliich  was  to 
remain  untouched,  had  not  fixed  the  Po  as-  tlie 
boundary  of  Austria:  in  fine,  that  on  the  occasion 
of  the  said  counter-project,  the  undersigned  was 
ordered  by  his  august  sovereign  to  insist  on  the  en- 
tire  restitiition  of  llie  three  duchies,  and  to  sign  no 
contrary  convention,  nor  the  treaty  which  is  to  ter- 
minate the  congi-ess,  without  tliis  preliminary  con- 
dition, in  like  manner  as  tlie  protest  which  he'ntade' 
on  the  union  of  Cienoa  to  Sardina.  But  all  tiiese 
observations  become  unnecessary  in  consequence 
of  the  declaration  of  thd  13th  of  Alarch  and  its  ex- 
ecution, in  as  far  as  it  concerns  the  devolution  of 
the  three  duchies  to  his  ni.ijesty  the  infant  do!i 
Charles  Loniis,  speedily  repairing  tlie  wrongs  whicli 
his  majesty  has  had  hitlierto  to  complain  ofj  will  im-' 
pose  0,1  the  undersigned  the  agreeable  necessity 
of  keeping  silence,  both  with  regard  to  these  facts, 
and  the  cause  to  which  they  owe  their  origin. 

He  begs  his    highness  prince  Metternic'h  to  ac  • 
cept  the  assurance  of  his  higli  consideration. 

(Signed;  p.  GOMEZ  LABRADOR. 


Weights  and  Measures. 

.i  BILL  fas  unn'>i<ls"J  on  re-cnmmitmentj  fur  ascer- 
taining ami  establishing  iniifonnity  of  iveights  and 
■Dvasnrcj,  befjre  thd  liritisli  purliument. 
Tiie  preamble  of  this  bill  ssts  forth  tho  expedien- 
cy of  having  the  weights  and  measures  just  and 
uniform;  and  the  confut-dons  or  manifest  frauds  that 
have  resulted  from  tiie  neglect  of  that  provision  in 
the  JTagna  Churta  and  treaty  of  union,  between 
Engh.ud  and  Scotland  diat  the  same  weights  and 
measures  should  be  tised  throughout  the  kingdom. 
Standard  yard — The  first  clause  enacts,  that  from 
tlie  24th  June,  1816,  the -.straight  line  or  distance 
between  the  two  points  lii  the  gold  studs  in  thf 
straight  brass  rod,  now  in  the  custody  of  the  clerk 
of  the  liouse  of  commons,  i,j  declai-ed  to  be  the  ori. 
ginal  and  genuine  standard  of  lengtli  called  a  yard; 
and  is  declared  to  be  the  only  unit  or  standard' 
measure  of  extensicm  tiu-oughout  the  kingdom;  that 
one-third  part  of  the  E:dd  stand.ard  shall  be  mfuot,- 
Dne-twelfiU  of  such  Toot  an  inch;  and  that  Xhtt'eli 
shall  contain  one  yard  and  a  quarter  of  the  said 
standard  yards;  iXic  fiirlon^r  22^J  such  yards,  and' the 
jul'e  1760  such  yards. 

Coinpiitatinn  (■/  snp^-r,'ic:ul  ■measures.—^Th'c  second 
cki'i^e  crfatt-s  that  .I'Ll  suptu'itial  measures  shall  Ire. 


120      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER--SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  U,  1815. 


computed  from  the  said  standard  yard,  or  by  rr.ul- 
tiples  or  propertions  therefrom:  the  rood  containing' 
1210  stmare  yai'ds,  and  tlie  acre  4840  square  yards, 
all  according  to  tlie  said  standard  yard. 

Immutable  standard. — The  third  clause  for  the 
purpose  of  providing-  an  immutable  standard,  by 
reference  to  which,  if  the  standard  yard  should  be 
lost  or  injured,  it  might  be  restored  of  the  same 
k>n"-th;  and  it  being  ascertahied  that  the  standard 
yard  is  to  the  pendulum  vibrating  seconds  hi  the 
mean  latitude  of  London  (113  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  at  the  temperature  of  64  degrees 
of  Farenheit's  thermometer),  in  the  proportion  of  36 
inches  to  39,  1847  inclies  :  It  is  therefore  enacted, 
that  if  at  any  future  period  tlie  standard  should  be 
lost,  destroyed,  or  deficcd,  it  shall  be  restored, 
by  making,"  under  the  direction  of  tlie  lord  high 
treasurer,  or  tlie  lords  commissioners  of  the  treasu- 
ry, or  any  tlu-ee  of  them  for  the  time,  being  a  new 
Kiandard  yard,  bearing  the  same  proportion  to  such 
pendulum  as  aforesaid. 

Standard  nf -weight.— The.  fourth  clause  enacts,  that 
the  standard  of  weiglit  shall  be  the  pound  avoirdujjois, 
tiie  same  being  equal  in  weight  to  27,648  cubic 
inches  of  pure  water,  at  the  temperature  of  56  1-2 
degrees  of  Farenheit's  thermometer,  and  a  stand- 
ard pound  avoir diipoia  shall  he  forthwitli  made  as 
aforesaid,  of  gold,  silver,  or  brass  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  lord  liigli  treasurer,  or  lords  com- 
missioners of  his  majesty's  treasury  or  any  tlu-ee 
of  tliein;  that  all  measures  of  weiglit  shall  be  tuken 
in  parts,  multiples  or  certain  proportions  of  the 
.standard  pound  avoirdupoix,  viz.  14  of  such  pounds 
.shall  make  a  .s-tone,  8  of  such  stones  a  hundred -weight, 
20  hundred  weight  a  toil.  Each  pound  to  contain 
16  ounces,  each  ounce  16  drama,  each  dram  3  scruples, 
and  each  scruple  10  grains. 

Standard  measure  of  capacitij. — Clause  fifth — This 
enacts,  that  both  for  dry  and  liquid  goods  the  stand- 
ard measure  shall  be  tiie  gallon,  containing  10 
pounds  of  pure  water  at  the  temperature  of  56  1-2 
degrees  of  Farenheit's  thermometer  (being  276.48 
cubical  inches)  and  that  a  standard  gallon  of  this 
size  shall  be  forthwith  made  of  brass,  under  the 
direction  of  the  person  aforesaid;  that  all  measures 
of  capacity  shall  be  taken  from  tliis  standard  in 
certain  parts,  multiples,  or  proportions,  viz.  that  a 
quart  shall  be  one-fourth  of  the  said  gallon;  a  pint 
the  half  of  such  quart;  and  th.at  there  shall  be  2 
such  gallons  in  a  peck,  and  4  such  pecks  in  a 
bilshel. 

The  following  cl.ause  provides  that  all  weights 
shall  be  made  of  brass,  copper,  bell-metal,  or  cast 
iron. 

The  next  clause  enacts,  tliat  after  the  24th  June, 
1816,  all  contracts,  bargains,  sales  and  dealings  in 
threat  Britain  sliall  be  transacted  according  to  the 
Icg.al   standards. 

The  next  clause  declares,  that  the  forgery  or 
countcrfeiting'of  marks  or  stamps  on  weights  and 
measures  is  felony. 

It  is  provided  by  the  next  cLiuse  that  the  former 
standards  of  weights  and  measures  shall  be  de- 
stroyed. 

Tlie  remaining  clauses  relate  to  the  way  in  wliich 
the  penalties  are  to  be  recovered — the  form  of  tlie 
conviction — that  half  the  forfeiture  be  to  the  king 
and  half  to  the  informers,  and  that  persons  thus 
convicted  ;md  suffering  shall  not  be  otherwise 
punishable  for  such  offence. 

The  last  clause  repeals  all  the  foi'mer  acts  on  tliis 
subject  in  detail. 

Th«  24th  June,  1816,  is   the  date  from  which 


the  new  regulation  is  to  be  established  in  Great 
Britain. 

The  provisions   of  the  bill    do  not   exten-d   to 
Ireland. 


CHRONICLE. 

Pennsylvania  Election.  John  Sergeant,  esq.  the 
federal  and  "old  ^hool"  democratic  candidate  for 
congi-ess,  in  the  place  of  J.  Williams,  deceased,  has 
been  elected  by  a  large  majority,  in  the  district 
composed  of  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia, 
&c.  The  votes  in  the  city  were,  for  Sergeant  3029; 
for  Conard  1511.  In  Philadelphia  county  the  re- 
publican ticket  has  prev;iiied. 

JMaryland  Election.  See  page  110. 
Tennessee  Election.  For  governor,  Joseph  ^I'Minn 
14.980;  Robert  Weakley  6U28;  Jesse  Wharton  5918: 
Mr.  Foster  3626;  Mr.  Johnson  2417— .all  republi- 
cans. Governor  Blount  had  served  the  constitu- 
tional term,  and  could  not  be  re-elected.  His  con- 
duct during  the  war  has  entitled  him  to  the  grati- 
tude of  Tennessee,  and  endciU-ed  him  to  all  good 
men  in  the  United  States. 

Vermont  election.  The  following  will  be  the  poli- 
ticid  complexion  of  the  next  house  of  representa- 
tives in  this  state  : 

Counties.  Ilepiiblican.      Federal. 

Bennington  8  5 

Kutland  20  6 

Windham  5  16 

Windsor  17  5 

Addison  10  11 

Chittenden  8  8 

Orange  11  6 

Wasliingtoii  6  8 

Franklin  5  11 

Caledonia  9  8 

Orleans  7  12 

Essex  8  1 

Grand  isle  1  4 


115 


101 


IVashington,  October  1 1 . — The  report  of  the  sloo].; 
of  war  Ontario  having  been  despatched  to  the 
United  States,  by  com.  DecatiU',  is  entirely  without 
foundation.  No  vessel  but  the  sloop  Epervier  has 
been  sent  with  despatches.  She  was  under  the  com- 
mand of  lieutenant  Shubrick,  first  of  the  Guerriere, 
and  captain  Lewis,  ca]itain  of  the  fleet,  was  on  board 
bearing  the  treaty  with  the  dey  of  Algiers.  The 
pLace  of  captain  Lewis,  in  the  Guerriere,  was  snp- 
plied  by  capt.  Downes.  The  Epervier  passed  the 
streights  of  Gibraltar  en  the  12th  July,  and  it  is 
mucli  feared  is  lost. 

It  is  not  true  that  com.  Bainbridge  has  sent  two 
schooners  to  onler  com-  Decatur  home,  as  lias  been 
ignorantly  asserted.  On  the  arrival  of  com.  Bain- 
bridg-e,  a'junction  of  the  two  fleets  will  take  place, 
and  it  is  perfectly  understood  that  commodore  De- 
catur will  resign  his  command,  and  retiu-n  to  the  •-.. 
U.  States.  The  last  news  of  com.  Decatur,  to  be 
depended  upon,  is  that  he  had  proceeded  to  Tripoli, 

There  is  probably  as  little  truth  in  the  report 
that  the  Spaniards  had  refused  to  deliver  up  thi.: 
Algerjne  sloop  of  war  captured  by  ovu-  squacb-on  X 
and  sent  into'Carthagena.  It  is  much  to  be  regret-  I 
ted  that  the  newspapers  publisli,  without  proper 
caution  to  ascertain  the  truth,  reports  calculated 
to  excite  public  anxiety,  and  v,-ring  the  liearts  of 
wives,  children  and  relatives,  and  it  is  requested 
that  they  will  give  equal  publicicty  to  tliese  c<>r- 
rections. 

(Cj-h  g'rcat  deal  of  matter  lies  over. 


«t 


5BS! 


NILES'  WEEKLY   REGlSTEIi. 


No.  8  OF  Vol..  IX.]  BALl'I.MOKE,  SA'l  UKDAY,  OCTOBER  21,  1815.  [whole  no.  216. 


Hac  olim  memiiiinfic  jiivalnt. — ViROii.. 


FRINTEn  AND   POBLl.'iHKU    K  If   H.   NILK--^,   NO.   29,   SOUTH  CALVEHT-STRF.KT,   AT   '^5  ViLll  AJJNUM. 


Naval  Affairs. 

[Comnmnicutiid  for  the  IVti'kltj  Register.'] 
We  request  Ihe  eurrtest  attention  of  our  readers, 
and  especially  of  those  interested  for  the  welfare 
of  oiu"  g'allantnavy,  to  the  following- very  important 
It'tler  on  the  subject  of  certain  matters,  perhaps, 
not  hitlierto  correctly  understood.  "We  are  assur- 
ed, fi  om  a  source  of  undoubted  authenticitv,  that 
It  embraces  a  full  and  impartial  view  of  the  pre- 
sent state  of  the  navy  dcpm-tment;  and,  as  such,  we 
trust  it  Vvill  meiit  the  attention  of  all  enlightened 
editors,  wiio  think  as  v.e  do  upon  so  momentous  and 
important  a  subject. 

INTEnKSTI^TG    lETTUR 

From  an  officer  of  the  U.  States'  iiuvi./,  to  his  friend,  a 
member  of  congress,  dated 

Wasuixgton,  2d  September,  1815. 
Sir — The  apparent  want  of  attention  on  my  par 
to  the  imjjortant  considerations  sug-g^ested  in  your 
letter  of  the  15th  ultimo,  I  assure  you  aro.se  not 
from  any  feelings  of  disrespect,  but  from  a  sincei-e 
desire  of  obtaining  the  most  correct  and  authentic 
information  relative  to  the  subject  in  hand.  P>om 
the  opportunities  with  which  I  have  been  indulged 
since  my  sojoiu-riin,^-  at  this  jilace,  I  flatter  myself  to 
have  gained  a  perfect  knor.^ledge  of  the  nature  of 
the  mutters  to  which  you  allude,  and  to  be  in  pos- 
session of  a  sufficient  number  of  facts  to  i)lace  tlie 
question  upon  its  true  and  legitimate  gi-ound.  1 
shull,  therefore,  proceed  at  once  to  lay  before  you 
the  result  of  my  labors  with  a  firm  hope,  that,  while 
they  prove  entertaining,  tliey  m;iy,  through  you,  in- 
vite the  attention  of  tliose  legislators  who  arc  soon 
to  assemble,  and  [we  earnestly  pray]  to  decide  upon 
the  merits  of  the  case. 

_  The  establishment  of  tlie  board  of  navy  commis- 
sioners as  a  brancii  of  the  existing  navy  department, 
has,  indeed,  excited  a  great  deal  of  speculation;  some 
ascribing  to  it  powers,  whicli,  perh.aps,  do  not  pro- 
perly belong  to  it,  whilst  others  conceive  its  mem- 
bers to  be  no  more  than  mere  instruments  in  the 
hands  of  tlie  secretary  of  the  navy,  possessing  no 
powers  whatever  except  such  as  are  derived  fBom 
him.  Whilst  the  advocates  on  both  sides  are  at  a 
Toss  to  define  the  peculiar  duties  of  eacli,  md  the 
relative  standing  which  they  bear  to  each  other, 
the  secretary  and  the  commissioners,  fi'om  dilferent 
views  and  constructions  of  the  law  by  which  the 
latter  were  established,  and  from  tine  guidance  of 
their  public  actions  in  obedience  to  these  discord- 
ant views  and  constructions  must  entertain  jea- 
fousies  and  distrusts  towards  each  other;  necessa- 
rily tending  to  paralizc  their  eflfbrts,  and  rendering 
one  or  both  useless  to  the  public.  For,  in  all  case's 
where  both  parties,  from  mcompatible  expositions 
«f  the  act,  lay  claim  to  powers  which  boih  conceive 
themselves  to  be  posses::ed  of,  by  virtue  thereof, 
mdependent  of  each  other,  these  deplorable  ctmse- 
quences  will  necessarily  ensue.  Tiierc  is  certainly 
a  very  serious  diificulty  in  giving  such  a  construc- 
tion to  the  several  sections  of  the  act,  iis  will,  with- 
out the  aid  of  much  confidence  and  courtesy  on 
the  part  of  the  secretary,  and  mucli  libcralitv  on 
Doth  sides,  permit  the  commissioners  to  go  into  the 
.tun  discharge  of  their  duties;  for  you  may  ves^.  as- 
V©U   fx- 


sured  that  the  secretary  has  no  more  .iiithoriry  over 
the  commissioners,  than  the  commissioners  have 
over  the  secretary.  Tlie  latter  have  their  duties 
distinctly  traced  in  the  various  sections  of  t!ie  act 
aforesaid,  and  these  duties,  when  necessary,  they 
are  boimd  to  ijcrfbrm  upon  a  suggestion  to  that  ef- 
fect from  tlie  secretaiy,  as  the  mere  organ  of  the 
president  Consequently,  any  further  interference 
on  his  part  becomes  at  once,  not  alone  unnecessa- 
ry, buthiglily  improi3er. 

Tlrt  secretary  has,  in  fact,  no  autliority,  what- 
ever, as  an  officer  of  the  governm  nt,  over  naval 
matters,  except  that  wjiicli  is  deriv'ed  from  the 
president;  while,  on  tlie  other  hand,  ihe  commis- 
sioners are  invested  by  an  act  of  congress  with  the 
execution  of  certain  specified  duties,  which,  wlieu 
necessary,  no  power  but  that  from  which  they  de- 
rived their  authority,  can  ]n-cvent  tjiem  from  per- 
formhig'.  They  are  entrusted  witli  tlie  negociatioii 
of  contracts  for  the  supplies  of  tiie  navy;  with 
tiie  classification,  construction,  :irinament,  equip 
ment  and  employment  of  vessels  of  vrar;  with  the 
framing-  of  rules  and  regulation.^  for  the  re-orirani- 
zation  of  the  navy;  and,  in  truth,  according  to  the 
cmphatic:d  tenor  of  the  act,  with  "all  othcr;'matters 
connected  with  the  naval  establishment  of  tlie  Uni- 
ted States."  And,  although  they  still  hold  theii* 
respective  ranks  as  officei-s  of  the  navy,  it  should  al- 
ways be  borne  in  mind,  that  they  at  the  same  time- 
hold  a  new  and  distinct  commission  from  l!ic  se- 
nate as  commissioners  of  the  navy;  and,  as  sue'.,  are 
in  no  respect  whatever  amenable  to  the  orders  of 
the  secretary,  nor  in  any  way,  either  individuidly  or 
collectively,  subject  to  his  control. 

The  secretary  has,  indeed,  in  a  qualified  jioint  of 
view,  a  superiiitendance  over  the  operations  of  tlie 
commissioners.  lie  may,  for  instance,  as  the  organ 
of  tJie  president,  vec]vvn'Q  of  them,  in  due  form,  state- 
ments and  estimates  relative  to  naval  matters;  and 
in  these  case.s,  tliey  are  bound  to  furnish  them:  but 
here  his  power  ami  authority  ceases.  He  can  give 
no  order — he  cannot  designate  the  numner  in  whicli 
supplies  are  to  be  furnished,  neither  cm  he  exercise 
anv  control  or  authority  over  the  classification,  con- 
struction, armament,  equipment  and  employment 
of  vessels  of  war;  for  all  this  is  exclusively  vested 
bv  the  act  in  the  board  of  commi.isioners,or  else  the 
object  of  the  act  is  not  attained.  Hence,  it  would 
appear,  that  by  a  literal  interpretation  of  tlie  terms 
of  the  act,  the  secretary  is  left  entirely  without 
any  duties  to  perform,  and  tiiat,  properly  speaking, 
his  pov.'ers  are  at  an  end.  liut,  as  both  the  seci"e- 
larv  and  the  commissioners  co;Uimie  still  to  exist  hi 
their  oiHcial  capacities,  and  as  the  existence  of  botli 
naturally  requires  a  continuance  of  the  powers  ap- 
parently intended  to  have  been  invcstetl  in  them,  a 
construction  must  be  adopted  that  wiU  tend  to  con- 
ciliate, and  to  leave  in  tiie  hands  of  the  secretary 
that  appearance  of  power  wliicli  tlie  import:ince  ot 
ids  situation  reqiurcs.  To  thi.i  end,  it  miglU,  per- 
haps be  proper  that  the  commissioiiers  shoukl  take 
only  upon  themselves  the  performance  of  such  of 
the  ministerial  duties,  invested  m  them  by  the  act, 
as  are  explicitly  designated  hi  it;  and  abandon  those 
stated  in  a  general  wm',  or  derived  by  mfcrencc,  to 
he  secretary.    J-.et  rhcm,  for  cxamplc,'attend  solt'^ 

r 


i22     ^I^ES'  VVEELvLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21,  1815. 

ly- to  UiC  frar.iing- of  rules  and  re_  •  at  ions  for  tlie  shackled,  ami  at  ease  in  their  office  as  on  hoard 
rc-ovgaiilzatiouanil^'i-udvial  increase  of  the  navy — to ;  their  ships,  this,  and  in  fact,  much  more  migh'  with 
the  procui'enitr.t  of  n-ival  stores  and  matericds,  and! reason  he  expected  from  them.  But  if  hampered 
the  chissificiition,  construction,  arniainent,  and  i  by  the  ignorance,  self-conceit,  and  obstinacy  of 
equipment  of  vessels  ofwai-,  as  well  as  to  the  otlicr  others,  (blemishes,  from  which  few  men  are  exempt) 
pp.eiilc  duties  dc tidied  in  the  act:  and  leave  the  no  g-reat  calculation  of  benefit  could  f.'.irly  be  de- 
eiiij'!o;i:n'-iU  o\'  them,  and  tlieir  officers,  to  the  ma-  duced  from  their  opt  rations.  Kelievcd  from  the 
nug-ement  of  tlie  secretary,  'i'iiis,  indeed,  appears  I  pressure  of  tliese  difliculties,  and  a  failure  on  their 
tp  be  ti»e  invention  of  that  unfortunate  and  ill-timed  part  to  meet  the  views  of  the  country,  would  indeed 
s.ec.lon  at  llic  end  of  t!ie  act;  unfortunate,  on  ac-!be  unpardonable.  Situated  as  it  is  presumed  the 
C3',int  of  its  awkwru'd  situation;  and  ill-timed,  as  it  [commissioners  now  are,  however,  no  fair  opp(n"tunity 
contravene.-?  an  undeni..b'e  rule  of  construction,  by  lean  be  afforded  them  to  siiew  liow  far  they  are  capa- 


viiiniy  and  vaf^r.cly  reserving-  in  -^.'(eneral  way  wiiat 
VAAbi^XoYC  partic:ihi'r!u  y,Tanted.  Unless,  liowever, 
s.ouie  raiderstanding-  of  tliis  kind  takes  plttce  be- 
tween the  secretary  suid  the  commiisioncrs,  tlie  for- 
mer (except  he  be  a  rn;m  of  uncommon  libenility) 
will  be  an  eterivd  plagnie  to  the  latter,  and  great- 
ly retard  the  i^ubiie  busincs  i.  For,  :dthou;;-h  with- 
out an,'  authority  ovtr  tlie  commissioners,  tlie  o3i-i believe  them  to  have  been  great)  lias  for  the  most 
ces  of  botli  are  still  sonciu-ly  connected,  tiiat  a  dai-  Ipart  lieen  foiuid  incompetent  Iq  the  due  admiuis- 
ly  intercourse  becomes  unavoidably  necessary  in  trationof  the  aff\iirs  of  tiienavy,  and  thus  has  giveu 
order  to  ensiu'e  a  perfect  understa.  -.^'ing  of  the  mat-  rise  to  the  zealous  exertions  of  all  enlightened  men 
tors  in  hand:  i-.nd  wiien   once  diis    intercourse  is  in-  'in  favor  of  a  bo:u-dof  connnissioners,  whose  practical 


bie  of  fulfilling  t!ie  exjjcctations  of  congress,  and  ot* 
tlic  public  at  iarg-e  ;  nor  can  they,  it  is  believed,- 
ever  hope  fur  the  ..nival  of  such  an  oppor- unity  un- 
til either  the  act  itself  be  new-modelled,  or  the 
office  of  the  secretary  is  abolished. 

Tlie  secretary  for  the  time  being,  wlialever  may 
have  been  his  exertions,  (and  in  some  instances  I 


terii'.pted,  and  those  sources  or  infommtlou  v.ldcli 
lead  directly  through  the  corrcsjjondcnco  of  lire  s"e- 
Ci'Ctury  are  cut  of!j  (unless  their  relative  duties 
were  better  understood)  an  almost  total  cessation 
in  the  operations  of  the  commissioners  would  inevi- 
tably follow:  a^d  lead  perhaps  to  the  perversion  of 
an  establlsiunent,  created  at  first  to  suppl}'  that 
inuispensible  practical  knowledge  so  long  a  dcaideya- 
tuiii  in  the  navy  department. 

These,  I  assure  you,  are  not  the  idle  specidations 
of  a  theorist.  Tiie  event  imiy  hajjpen  as  above  stv- 
ted,  and,  perhaps,  lias  liappL-iied  already;  for  it  ap- 
pears to  mcj  that  two  distinct  and  independent 
powers  can  no  more  exist  in  the  same  office,  and  hi 
tlie  same  concern,  than  two  distinct  and  ir.dcpcu- 
dent  govciimients  in  tlie  same  state.  Jealousies 
ar.d  bickerings  must  inevitably  be  generated,  and, 
aftei  a  v.orld  cf  ccliision  and  cor.fu«ion,  anarchy  en- 
sue. Tlie  hope  of  change  might,  ptihaps,  extend 
their  separate  existence  to  a  considerable  period — 
as  it  Hiity  that  of  the  secretary  and  the  commission- 
ers until  the  next  meeting  of  con?Tess:  wlien,  if" tlie 
uct  be  not  new-mod eiied,  one,  or  both,  must  as- 
suredly be  abolislicd.  But,  supposing  the  m.itter 
to  be  reduced  to  tins  alternative,  let  us  enquire  for 
■A  moment  which  of  the  two  r/ould  most  probably  be 


of  die   gi'dtest    adv..ntage    to    the    coimtry, 
which,  therefore,  ought  to  be  retained? 


anc 


knowieiige,  confined  to  naval  matter.-i  only,  would 
be  found  to  conduct  them,  on  all  occasions,  with 
more  propriety^  facility,  and  efi'ect,  than  the  talents 
of  one,  (whatever  may  have  been  his  acquirements) 
whose  attention  was  at  times  drawn  off  by  other 
objects  connected  with  the  government.  It  was 
believed  also  that,  by  connecting  the  duties  of  the 
secretary  and  tiie  commissioners — by  uniting  their 
offices — and  by  constituthig  the  former  a  member 
of  the  board,  permitting  all  tJic  correspondence  of 
the  department  to  pass  througit  his  h;.nds,  in  the 
same  w..y  as  that  of  the  lords  (  oniniissiouers  of  the 
British  admiralty  passes  tiu-ough  the  hands  of  their 
secretary,  all  difhculties  would  be  removed,  and 
the  busir.ess  of  the  navy  be  transacted  with  harmo- 
ny and  advantage.  Rut  as  this  belief  has  not  been 
realized,  and  as  the  matter  now  stands,  it  seems  al- 
most impossible  that  unanimity  can  exist  between 
them — tiie  one  arrogating  superior,  and  the  other 
possessing  by  Law  disunct  and  independent  pov.-ers. 
For  whilst  the  commissioners  justly  consider  them- 
selves to  be  rightfully  clothed  with  these  distinct 
and  independent  powers,  they  must  naturally  yield 
thtni  with  reluctance,  from  a  belief  Unit  the  con- 
struction given  by  tliem  to  the  law  is  judicious  and 
correct ;  raid  witu  jealous}',  from  an  appreliensioi^ 
that,  as  he  had  cl.aimed  the  right  of  controlling  all 
the  matters  that  were  formerly  controlled  by  him. 


I  have  already  iuid  occasion  in  a  former  letter  to   embr.acing  in  thi-f  claim  even  such  duties  as  were  dis- 
advert  to  thepalpableincompetency  of  a  secretary,    tinctly  assigned  by  law  to  the  commissioners,  (the 


as  a  mere  statesman,  to  discl\;.rge  tlie  duties  of  an 
oilice  in  which  so  many  practical  accomplishments 
arc  reqtiired,  and  to  the  public  detriment  wuich 
must  r.ecess:irily  result  tnerefrom.  To  remedy 
these  ircpoitant  dc^ectr.,  congress  created  the  board 
of  commis.->loners,  aut.'.orising  the  selection  of  its 
members  from  amongst  those  officci-s  of  the  navy 
\vhosc  r.yik  did  not  fail  below  tliat  ef  post-captain, 
ill  order  to  secure  to  it  that  practical  skill  and 
experience  of  which  the  navy  iU-[):irunent  had  so 
long  stood  in  need.  For  it  was  presumed  that 
these  solid  acquirements  were  no  where  so  lilce- 
fy  to  be  foi-.nd  as  in  officers  of  that  r.mk,  and  it 
behtg  the  :',cneral  belief  that  these  oflicers  had  fre- 
quently disiinguis^ied  themselves  on  the  oc^'.n  for 
tlie  honor  and  preservation  of  their  covuitr}-,  there 
*^as  a  well  grounded  liope  that  while  acting  as  com- 
niisbjoners,  tiiey  would  noc  exert  tliemselves  the 
leis  in  ttic  perfection  of  a  plan  calculated  at  once 
to  insure  the  perm.aient  prosperity  of  the  navy,  and 
to  extend  tj^e.  mQ.ans  of  samoyLij  vhc  eiteniy.     Un- 


di-xlu'rge  of  widcii  lie  conceived  to  be  optional  with 
him  on!it,ym  direct  o])position  to  repeated  assurances 
of  a  willingness  to  conduct  his  official  affairs  agreea- 
blv  to  a  f.tir  construction  of  (he  act,  the  secretary 
would  not  shew  tn:it  cordiality  and  confidence  so 
essential  to  the  o'perations  of  officers  employed  in 
similar  pursuits.  In  fact  the  secretary  fiiniselfcun- 
not  but  feel  a  jealousy  of  the  commissioners  so  long 
as  they  claim  powers  which  he  disputes,  and  which 
he  must  necessarily  find  himself  obliged  to  yield, 
in  obedience  to  th;it  consistent  iiuerpretation  of 
tlie  act,  without  which,  no  clear  mt:uung  can  be 
attached  to  its  various  parts. 

Under  the  existing  state  of  the  act,  it  will  be  dif- 
ficult to  reconcile  these  joi-ring  interests.  Much 
will  depend  upon  tlie  qualities  of  the  man  invested 
with  the  oiTice  of  Secretary.  If  he  studies  his  own 
dignity  and  importance,  his  ease  and  tlie  g'ood  of 
the  service,  he  will  no  doubt  realize  his  interest  in 
permitting  the  commissioners  to  conduct  all  the  af- 
tinrs  of  the  nuvy  in  their  otvn  yray,  reserving  to  hira,- 


KiLES'  Weekly  hegister— naval  affair^. 


12^ 


self  6nly  a  g-encral  superintcndance.  On  matters  of 
importance,  it  wonld,  indeed,  he  proper  to  cortsnlt 
him  as  the  origan  of  the  president,  and  (generally  in 
all  other  cases  v.iicre  doubts  arise  in  the  minds  of 
the  commissioncis,  or  v.iien  a  diiference  of  opinion 
exists  between  them.  In  my  view,  it  appears  beyond 
doubt  to  have  been  the  intention  of  congress  to  re- 
g'ard  the  secretary  only  as  the  org-an  of  commimica- 
tion  from  the  president  to  tlie  commissioners,  and 
the  latter  as  the  ministers  to  carry  into  eflect  the 
objects  of  the  president  in  this  manner  expressed. 
If  tliis  be  true,  tlie  secretary  has  then,  in  virtue  of 
the  act,  little  more  th:m  his  cabinet  duties  to  at- 
tend \o ;  and  instead  of  the  drudg-e  of  the  navy  de- 
partment, may  justly  consider  liimself  as  a  hig'h  and 
important  officer  of  government.  lie  should  in  re- 
ality be  a  man  of  e.xalted  vieM's,  not  bnildinsj  his 
oHicial  wortli  upon  an  ung'enerous  interference  ^vith 
the  business  of  others,  ))or  arrog-ating-  to  himself 
illiberal  or  unbecoiiiing'privile.':^es.  In  mv  opinion, 
however,  it  will  be  difficult  to  fmd  a  person  posses- 
sed of  these  qualities,  tempered  at  the  same  time 
With  that  indispensable  liberality,  so  essential  to  a 
deportment,  of  this  sort;  and  thout,di  the  clioice 
wore  made  with  a  sing-Ie  eye  to  that  object,  there 
are  a  thousand  chances  to  on-i  against  attaining'  it. 

.  To  conclude — under  cirdumstances,  sucli  as  T 
have  ai.-ove  detailed,  if  the  secretary  disdains  to 
avail  himself  of  the  ])ract;cal  skill  and  thcorelical 
knowledg-e  of  the  commissioners,  vvhile,  with  eqtial 
justice  and  propriety,  the  latter  hesitate  to  perform 
Mnth  confidence  the  duties  asfdgned  them,  from  a 
want  of  that  needful  information  wjiich  the  sccretr.rv 
is  in  daily  receipt  of,  as  well  as  of  that  necessary 
intelligence  of  the  measures  adopted  and  orders 
pven  by  him,  tiiey  cannot  but  pursue  a  conjectural 
bourse.  Por,  most  assuredly,  if  no  communications 
tirei.-.>de  by  the  secretary  to  tlie  commissioners  on 
these  or  like  subjects — if" the  allairs  of  hij  office  are 
enveloped  in  mystery,  and  the  com.missioiiers  above 
all  otiiors  excludcci  from  a  knovv-iedg-e  of  them — 
if  orders  are  issued  by  him  to  squadrons,  sbgle 
ships,  and  to  officers,  without  communicating  them 
to  the  commissioners,  or  consulting  with  them  up- 
on the  propi-iety  or  expediency  oif  these  orders — 
how  is  it  poKs'Ibie  for  tlie  latter" to  act  witli  any  de- 
g-ree  of  stal'iiity  or  confidence,  or  to  meet  with  di  ■ 
effect  executive  \icws  .? 

^V^leUler  or  not  the  services  of  the  secretary  are 
of  any  importance  to  the  cabinet,  I  cannot  jn-etcnd 
t'o  delermine.  Aly  knowledge  is  cliiefly  confined  to 
Jiaval  matters,  :md  from  the  lights  affo'rdcd  bv  that 
knowledge,  I  consider  myself  perfectly  justifiable 
in  asserting,  tliat  while  the  commissioners  exist, 
there  is  no  necessity,  whatever,  for  his  services,  be 
they  ever  so  great,  i"n  the  management  of  these  mat- 
ters. If  there  be  a  necessity  for  them  in  the  latter 
case,  and  he  is  capable  of  "duly  administering  the 
extensive  concerns  of  our  growing  navy,  tlien  there 
certainly  can  be  no  use  in  retaining  the  commission- 
ers :  And,  in  eitiier  case,  tJie  aboliiion  of  the  one 
or  t!ic  other,  must  certainly  be  a  saviner  to  the  coun- 
try and  an  advantage  to  the  service.  "Xiie  depari- 
ment  now  costs  the  United  States  fourteen  thousand 
dollars  more  than  it  did  formerly,  and  I  will  venture 
"to  uec'are,  that  circumstanced'as  the  commission- 
ers now  are,  t)n-ee  additional  clerks  would  answer 
tuc  purpose  eqiially  as  v.'el',  without  costing,  per-' 
haps,  c.ie  fourth  of  that  sum.  In  fact,  as  iiarmonv  { 
would  then,  in  all  probability,  exist,  they  might  an- 
swer a  far  better  purpose. 

B__.    i  I'-m,  yoar  obcdlefil.  I 


For  tlie  satisfaction  of  oiu"  readers,  we  subjoin  a 
copy  of  the  act  above  alluded  to  : — 

.?«  act  to--aIter  and  amend  the  several  acts  for  esiabiisy , 
trig-  a  navy  departmtnt,  by  adding  thereto  a  board  rj 
commissioners. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  aenate  and  house  of  vfjiresetita^ 
lives  of  the  United  S.ates  nf  America,  iii  congress  as- 
sembled.  That  the  president  of  the  United  States  be,' 
and  he  is  h.ereby,  authorised,  by  and  witli  the  ad- 
vice and  consent  of  the  senate,  to  appoint  three  offi- 
cers of  tlie  nary,  whose  rank  shall  not  be  below  a 
post-cuptain,  ^vho  shall  constitute  a  board  of  com- 
missioners for  the  navy  of  the  United  States,  and 
shall  have  pov/er  to  adopt  sucli  rules  and  regula- 
XwAS  for  the  goveir.nient  of  their  meeiini-s  as'ihey 
may  judge  expedient: — and  the  bffard,  so  consti- 
tuted, shallbc  attached  to  theofKce  of  ti.e  secretary 
of  the  navy;  ;md,  under  his  superintendance,  shall 
di>;ci>arge  all  the  itiinistcrial  duties  of  said  oifice/ 
relative  to  the  procurement  of  naval  stores  and  ma-- 
terials,  and  the  construction,  armament,  equipment 
and  employment  of  vessels  of  war,  as  well  as  all 
o'tker  matters  connected  with  the  n.ival  establish-' 
liient  of  the  United  States.  And  the  said  board 
sliall  appoint  their  own  sccretarj-j  who  shull  re- 
ceive a  sum  not  exceeding  two  thoustmd  dollars 
per  annum,  who  shall  keep  a  far  record  of  ti-.eii-' 
proceedings,  subject  at  ail  times  to  tlie  i'.ispectioiJ 
of  the  president  of  tiic  United  States  and  the  secre-- 
tiiry  of  the  riavy. 


thorised  to  prepare  sucli  rules  and  regulati 
shall  be  necessaiy  for  securing  an  unifjrmity 


Si:c.  2.  And  bs  ^!  further  enacted,  Tliat  the  said, 
board  of  commi-is^oncrs,  by  and  wiUi  tjie  consent  of 
the  secretary  of  the  navy,'  be   and  are  hereby  au- 

itions  as 
in  the 
several  clases  of  vessels  and  their  equipments,  and 
for  repairing  and  rcfilting  them  ;  and  for  securin'-(' 
responsibiiiiy  in  the  subordinate  officers  and  agents  ? 
which  reguiat!o;is,  vrhen  approved  b\- tliepresivleat 
of  the  United  States,  shall  be  respected  and  obey-, 
ed,  until  altered  and  revoked  by  the  same  autho- 
rity: and  the  said  rules  and  regulations,  tlius  pre--' 
parpdand  apjjroved,  shall  be  laid  bcfljre  Congres-i 
at  theirnexi  session.  It  siiail  also  be  the  duty  of  the 
said  board,  upon  the  requisitbn  of  the  secretary  of 
the  navy,  to  furnish  all  tlie  estimates  of  expenditure,- 
wliich  the  several  brandies  of  th.e  service  niuv  re-' 
quire,  and  such  other  information  and  stutenient^ 
as  he  maj,'  deem  necessary. 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  'th-at  the  officer 
of  the  said  board  holding  the  oldest  coinmisoiou 
shall  preside,  and  each  commissioner  shall  be  en- 
titled  to  receive  i,i  compensation  for  I  lis  services- 
liu-ce  thousand  five  iiundred  dollars  per  annum,  in 
lieu  of  wages,  rations  and  otlier  emoi'.i;ne;its,  is.4 
naval  officers,  SiC.  And  all  letters  ;uid  packets  to' 
and  fiom  the  said  commissioners,  whfcii  relate  tcJ 
their  offici.tl  duties,-  shall  be  free  from  postage. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  ic  ftirthei- cnaclrd,  Tl>;it  iwthin"- iit 
this  aCt  sliall  ])e  construed  lo  take  flom  tiie  secretary 
of  the  nuvy  his  control  aiul  direction  of  the  naval 
forces  c^f  tUe  United  States,-  ;us  now  b)-  law  posses- 
sed. 

LANf;i)OX  cimvES, 
iSpeahsr  of  the  lunise  of  representati-vjs; 

•ICllX  GATIJ.ARD, 
Pi-esidenf,  pro  tempove^  cf  ate  renaic, 

Febntarv  7th,  1315. 

Ariaioyr.D— J  AMES  MADISON. 


12i    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21,  1815. 


Clerk's  Naval  Tactics. 

ron  THE   WEEKLY   nEGlSTF.R. 

Amniip;.-t  tlie  innumerable  foreiim  works  tliat  for 
yeiirs  paslliuve  lieen  lepriiiied  in  thel^nitiil  States, 
tlic  vciy  vrJuabie  treatise,  \vao.se  title  vic  li:ve  pre- 
fixed above,  does  not  seem  to  have  been  vitougiii  of 
.s\)Oicicnt  pith  and  moment  to  merit  even  a.  sing-le 
edi'ion.  We  shall  find  it  necessai-y,  therefore,  dur- 
inj:^  the  course  of  the  ensuinjj  remarks,  from  the 
scarcity  of  Uriush  copies  on  this  side  of  the  At  an- 
tic, to  avail  oia-.selves  of  the  notice  taken  of  it  in 
1i)e  12th  No.  of  the  Edinburp^h  Review;  ^nd  shall, 
moreover,  quote  promiscuously  from  the  author  and 
the  reviewer,  distrnguishing  their  words  by  a  ditier- 
cnt  t}pe. 

To  Mr.  Clerk's  system  of  naval  tactics,  so  far  as 
i.t  extends,  we  are  disposed  to  g-ive  our  imquallfied 
approbiaion;  conceiving- ity  in  f.ct,  to  have  been  the 
sole  ground-work  of  those  unex-mplcil  successes 
Wiiich  iiis  countrymen  have  so  invariably  obtained 
over  tiic  Frencli.  His  rules  for  figiitinc:  in  squad- 
ron, a]jpear  to  be  judicious  and  correct,  and,  s.uic- 
tioned  as  tjiey  have  been  by  the  uniform  practice  of 
every  JJritisli  commander  who  had  occasion  to  fight 
in  this  way,  they  would  seem,  perliaps,  to  embrace 
every  true  principle  of  naval  rencontre,  were  it  not 
l<)r  one  filial  omission.  Considering  trie  era,  how- 
ever, in  which  our  author  wrore,*  this  omission 
does  not  seem  surprising.  The  French  and  Spanish 
squatlrons  laid  it  down  as  an  incontrovenible  rule, 
ahi/ost  ivitiicut  exception,  never  to  sctk  a  contest 
wi'li  tlie  enemy,  but  to  make  ihc  host  of  their  \^-ay 
to  t.'ie  port  of  destination;  and  Mr.  Clerk's  principles, 
therefore,  a.rc  enircly  botLonicd  upon  the  assumed 
f.ict,  tjia't  Great  Briiain  would  always  have  to  eng-age 
with  a  cowiirdly  Ibc,  ever  anxious  to  escape  the 
shock  of  battle,  'i'hat  he  should  have  anticipated, 
in  some  dcj^re^^,  the  unexpeccetl  mana-uvreof  tlie  f^-lo- 
rio'is  loth  oi"Sei)temher,  LSIJ,  it  would  be  unreason- 
able to  expect;  for,  surrounded  a.s  his  country  then 
was  by  one  co.itniucd  blaze  of  naval  glory,  it  is  not  all 
to  be  v.'ondeved  ai,  that  the  thought  of  defeat  ne- 
%er  entered  his  mind.  He  seems  never  to  have  ap- 
prchen'Jed  the  adoption  of  liis  own  system  by  aiiy 
but  ;..  ['.riiish  officer,  nor  in  glancing  hi»  eye  across 
tlie  Adaniic  to  criticise  the  actions  of  Jiodney,  to 
have  .eJ.-cied  once  upon  that  rising-  licreuies,  des- 
tineti,  ai  no  distant  day,  to  ^ciit  the  line  ' 

Vvncuier  or  not,  the  details  of  Mr.  Clerk's  doc- 
trine, were  kjiown  to  die  g.di.mt  Perry;  or  whether 
or  not  he  had  ever  seen  lus  book,  or  ever  hc.u-d  one 
word  of  its  conttuts — it  is  a  remarkable  fact,  tliat 
in  the  ever-memorable  battle  of  Erie,  this  intrepid 
ollictt-  executed,  with  succes.s,  one  of  the  grandest 
of  Mr.  Cleik's  niantKuvres,  by  magnanimously  cut- 
liv^-  the  cnemif's  line,  in  his  oflicial  despatch',  da- 
ted the  13tli  September,  laiJ,  givhig  the  p;a-ticu- 
l.u-s  of  the  battle,  he  has  tiic  following  sentence 
near  the  close: 

"At  46  mmutes  past  2,  the  signal  was  made  foi 
'close  action.'  The  M.;g.u-a  being  very  little  injured, 
1  dcLcrmhied  to  p..ss  through  the  cnenjj-'s  line; 
bore  up  and  passed  a-hcad  of  their  two  siiips  and  -1 
brig,  giving  a  raking  fire  to  iiiem  from  the  star- 
board guns,  and  to  a  large  schooner  and  sloo|3  from 
tite  htWxjard  side,  at  half  pisLOl  sliot  distance  " 

The  victoiw  that  Immediately  followed  this  con- 
suiiimate  iUana-uvre,  aiibrds  another  distinguished 
proof  of  its  excellence;  and  the  capture  of  the 
wiiole  hostile  squadron,  an  event  that  r;u-ely  hap- 
pens, serves  to  shew  its  linparaileied  eticct,  as  weii 
h  the  opportunity  whic;,  It  g,.\c  ,o    liecoininodore's 

*i*revious  to  1«04.. 


vessel  of  exerting  her  full  force,  as  to  the  otlicrs  ^ 
his  squadron  to  overtake  and  vanquish  the  enemy  ^ 
reiu-.  The  battle  of  lake  Champlain,  like  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Nile,  being  fought  while  the  American 
squadron  were  lying  at  anchor,  presented,  of  course, 
no  opportunity  for  the  execution  of  this  manccuvrei 
■  liough  v/e  liave  not  the  smallest  dotibt  that,  had 
circumstances  favored,  it  would  have  been  execu- 
ted with  the  same  unexampled  success.  So  that, 
upon  the  whole,  although  Mv.  Clerk's  system  of 
nava/  tacticn,  as  it  now  is,  may  possibly  answer  eve- 
ry purpose  of  the  'royal  navy,'  while  fighting  the 
Spanish  ;uid  Frencli,  it  will  assuredly  not  do  to  com- 
bat an  enemy  who  sometimes  takes  it  into  liis  head 
to  seek  the  contest,  and  to  oit  the  line,  in  turn.  The 
old  gentleman  thcrcf  jre,  (if  still  alive)  will,  wc 
fear,  be  tinder  the  necessity  of  revising  his  work, 
and  adding  thereto  an  appendix,  shewing  how  to 
counteract  the  fatal  intention  of  a  daring  enemy  who- 
shall  liiinself  attempt  to  cnt  the  line,  or  'seek  the 
bloody  fight.' 

As  to  any  remarks  of  our  atithor,  in  regard  to- 
the  prineli)les  of  aingle  combat,  w  c  presume,  fronx 
his  extreme  modesty,  he  would  nrnv  be  a  little  shy 
of  jjressing  tlieni  upon  us;  considering  the  rapid 
progress  we  have  lately  made  in  this  distinguished 
branch  of  naval  discipline,  and  the  many  stnldng 
exrnnples  we  have  given  of  the  superior  efficacy 
of  our  own  plan.  Whilst  we  forbear,  therefore,  to 
urge  any  thing  on  this  feeling-  part  of  the  subject^ 
we  shall,  for  the  satisfaction  of  our  author  (in  case 
he  is  desirous  of  examining  some  of  the  practical 
illustrations  of  om*  principles  of  ningie  combat)  take 
the  liberty  to  refer  him  to  captains  Dacres,  Garden, 
Whinyates,  Barclay,  and  many  others,  who  had 
the  unexpected  fortune  to  witness  their  effects. — 
And  should  he  in  the  end  be  so  fortunate  as  to  de- 
vise a  set  of  tactics,  to  counteract  the  hidden  mys- 
tery that  has  hitiicrto  crowned  the  eflbrts  of  the 
American  navy  with  such  uncommon  success,  he 
will,  as  in  1782,  have  the  rare  feacity  of  introduc- 
ing a  wfx  era  in  the  naval  histor\  of  Great  Britain. 
But,  whatever  maybe  the  result^if  hisdabnrs,  wc  have 
gn-eat doubts  whether  he  v.ill  be  able  to  lay  tlown 
such  a  set  of  rules  as  sliall,  upon  trial,  completely 
neutralize  the  force  of  those  measures,  which  hap- 
])ilv  introduced  a  new  era  on  the  10th  of  September, 
lyio. 

We  have  but  two  more  remarks  to  m.ikc,  pre- 
vious to  the 'introduction  of  .)Ui-  author  and  his 
friend  tlie  reviewer,  and  these  relate  exclusively  to 
himself  It  is  curious  that  he,  being  a  perfect  hmd- 
labbcr,  (as  we  gather  from  the  reviewer)  should 
have  made  such  important  and  inestimable  disco- 
veries in  the  science  of  iniaine — and  it  is  equally 
curious  and  surprising  that  a  government,  so  fond 
of  patronizing  as  that  of  Great  Britain  always  is, 
should  never  once  have  deigned  to  notice  the  author 
of  these  discoveries  in  any,  even  the  slightest  niait- 
ner. 

'•The  author  proceed.^  (-.ays  the  reviewer)  in  the 
firs;  part  of  his  work,  to  a  series  of  demonstraiions  on 
the  mode  of  attack  from  windward,  of  which,  for  the 
reasons  already  assigned,  (the  want  of  plates)  it  is 
impossible  to  give  any  more  than  the  general  re- 
sult. A  single  vessel  to  windward  in  pursuit  of 
ano'dier  to  leeward,  will  never  bear  down,  endwise, 
in  a  direct  line,  on  the  broadside  of  the  other;  be- 
cause she  is  tlien  exposed  to  be  raked  from  end  to 
end  by  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  and  to  be  disabled 
from  piu-suit.  She  will  either  bear  down  astern  of 
the  other,  and  continue  the  pursuit  in  a  parallel 
line,  till  she  get  alongside;  or,  having  shot  ahead, 
s  e  Will  be.u-  down  atnwai-t  the  other  to  in'trcept 
Iter  iji  her  cour.se.    But  a  Jieet  to  Avindw^ard  has  in^" 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— Cf^FRK'S  N  WAL  T\CTirS.      1^5 


Variably  borne  down  in  aperpendiciilur,  or  at  least 
in  a  slanting-  line  on  another  to  leeward,  each  sliip 
ill  a  line  of  battle  abreast  of  the  other,  till  they 
broug-ht  up,  within  a  proper  distance,  for  a  close  and 
general  engag-emeiit  from  van  to  rear.  A  Heet  to 
icewi-Lrd,  formed  in  a  line  of  battle  aliead  of  each 
other,  and  desirous  to  avoid  a  g'eneral  en^aj^-cment, 
had  tiierefore  full  leisure  to  disable  tlie  othe-  diu"- 
ing'  its  approach.  And  when  the  latter  had  assum- 
ed a  situatian  for  close  encounter,  the  former  mig-hi 
bear  away  at  intervals  while  enveloped  in  smoke; 
or  by  making  more  sail,  miglit  shoot  ahead,  and  pom- 
its  whole  fire  into  tlie  opposite  van,  as  it  passed  and 
wore  in  succession,  to  form  a  new  line  to  leeward, 
on  the  opposite  tack,  where,  if  the  enemy  were  not 
already  disabled,  the  same  manoeuvre  might  be 
repeated  with  the  same  success  Some  idea  may 
be  formed  of  the  effect  of  a  raking-  fire,  from  the 
supposition  of  a  column  of  infantry  exposed  to  the 
fire  of  a  battery  tiirough  tlic  whole  line.  But  a  ship 
is  infinitely  more  disabled  by  tlie  damage  sustain- 
ed in  a  few  shrouds  or  principal  stays,  in  a  yard  or 
topmast,  than  by  tlie  loss  of  men";  and  the  area 
wiiich  the  hull  and  rigging  together  present  to  the 
shot,  appeai-s  from  our  author's  calculations  to  be 
twenty  times  larger  than  the  area  formed  by  the 
decks  alone,  where  the  men  are  exposed." 

•'//',  then,"  says  our  autiior,  in  concluding  this  part 
of  his  ilemonstralions,  "after  a  proper  examination  of 
the  late  sea  engagements,  or  rencontres,  it  s/iall  be 
found,  that  our  enemy,  the  French,  have  never  once 
eheivn  a  iviliingness  to  risk  making  of  the  attack,  but 
invariably  have  made  choice  of,  and  earnestly  courted 
a  lee-ward  position:  If,  invariably,  xuhen  extended  in 
line  of  batlle,  in  that  (josition  they  have  disabled  the 
British  fleets  in  coming  doim  to  the  attack:  If  in- 
variably, upon  seeing  the  Uritish  fleets  disahl  d,  they 
have  made  sail,  and  demoU-ihed  the  van  in  passinq-:  If 
invariably,  upon  feeling  the  effect  of  the  British  fire, 
they  have  tvit/ulrawn  at  pleasure,  either  a  part,  or  the 
'ivhole  of  their  feet,  and  have  formed  a  new  line  of 
battle  to  leeward:  If  the  French,  repeatedly,  have  dohe 
this  upon  every  occamon:  and,  on  the  other  hand,  if  it 
shall  be  found  that  the  British,  from  an  irresistible  de- 
sire of  making  the  attack,  us  c-mstantly  and  unifn-m- 
ly  have  courted  the  -criiuhvard  position:  If  vniformly 
and  repeatedly,  they  have  had  their  ships  so  disabled 
and  separated  by  making  the  attack,  that  they  have  not 
once  been  able  to  bring  them  to  close  'wiih,  to  foUo~v  up, 

or  even  to  detain  one  ship  of  the  em^ny  for  a  moment,-\\oviX  Rodney's  engagement  off  Mitrtinico,  on  tlic 
shall  -.ue  not  have  reason  to  believe,  that  the  Freiich  have  i  17ih  of  April,  1780.  Mis  lordship's  first  design  was 
adopted,  and  put  in  exeartion,  some  system  which  l::e  to  attack  the   rear    of  the  enemy  with    his  whole 


nu.king  more  sail,  poured  their  whole  fire  with  im- 
punity into  our  five  headmost  ships,  as  each  vessel 
ranged  along  our  v;..n;  and  as  they  bore  away  in  s  ic- 
cesiiion,  they  formed  a  new  line  three  miles  to  lee- 
ward; while  our  van,  wliichhad  sustained  :lie  wliuie 
;'.ction,  was  too  much  disabled  for  the  fleet  to  reac^' 
such  a  dis.idv.mtageoiis  attack.  la  Pocock's  engage- 
ment in  the  Eiist  Indies,  two  years  afrerwards,  a  si- 
milar mode  of  attack,  ;uid  tlie  same  systesn  of  de- 
fence were  employed  upon  each  side,  and  wilh  the 
same  success.  So  early  had  the  Fi-ench  ado]Hcd  a 
defensive  plan,  which  preserved  their  o'.vn  fleet, 
while  it  disabled  ours,  und  whic-;,  in  Bvng's  eng.ige- 
ment,  prevented  the  relief  of  fort  St.  "Piiilip." 

"Admiral  Byron's  engagement  off  Greiiatia,  on 
the  6th  of  July,  1779,  is  described  as  simil-ir  to 
Hyng's  in  almost  every  respect.  Our  fleet  bore 
down  from  v.'indward,  in  tlie  same  oblique  line;  but 
as  the  enemy  kept  beu-ing  aWay,  we  were  uu  Jjle 
either  to  bring  tiieir  rear  into  action,  or  lo  produce  a 
close  engagement  in  the  van.  Our  headmo.t  f^V.ri.; 
were  eit  ,cr  disabled  in  making  the  atiuck,  as  t':ey  re- 
ceived Uie  whole  fu-e  of  the  enemy's  line,  as  c  ich 
sh'v)  of  the  latter  passed  and  wore  in  succession,  in 
order  to  form  to  lee  vard  upon  the  apposite  txick. 
The  French  adhered  so  closely  to  this  defensive 
system,  ihat,  to  avoid  all  danger  of  a  general  en- 
gagement, they  forbore  even  to  intercept  our  dis- 
abled s''ips  which  had  necessarily  fallen  to  iee- 
ward;  and  their  caution  was  rew;'.rded  with  the 
capttire  of  Grenada." 

"Admiral  A rbuthnot's  engagement  off  tlie  Chesa- 
peake, exhibits  a  repetition  of  the  same  manoeuvres, 
with  this  remarkable  iiddiiion,  tiiat  the  French  fleet, 
which  had  the  wcaUier-gage,  being  apprehensive 
of  an  engagement  in  that  situation,  ran  down  and 
formed  to  leeward  of  the  British  line.  Accordingly, 
our  headmost  sliips  were  so  much  disabled  in  bear- 
ing down  to  cng;ige,  that  when  the  enemy  wore,  as 
usual,  and  formed  ag\dn  to  leeward,  om-  fleet  was 
unable  to  renew  the  attack.  In  admiral  Greaves' 
engagement  ofi"  the  Chesape^ike,  5th  September, 
1781,  the  sume  mancBUvre  was  practised  with  equal 
success.  While  the  enemy's  van  bore  away,  their 
centre  bore  up  in  passing-,  not  only  to  protect  their 
own  van,  but  to  pour  their  wliole  fii-e  s-acccisively 
into  ours," 

"The  last  instance  of  an  unsuccessful  attack 
from  windward,  Mhich  oiu-  author  has  pro^^luced,  is 


British  either  have  not  discovered,  or  have  not  yet  pro- 
fited by  the  discovery  of'^ 

"That  such  was  the  new  system  adopted  by  the 


force.  The  French  admfi-al,  however,  discovering 
the  meaning  of  the  signal,  wore,  and  formed  on  the 
opposite  titck;  and  the   manceuvre,  thougli  it  w.ls 


French,  to  preserve  their  owii  ships,  while  they  dis-  still  praccicable,  w:u3  exchanged  for  a  general  at 
abled  ours,  and  such  the  mode  of  attack  to  which' tack  upon  the  whole  line.  Notwithstanding  the 
the  English  uniformly  adhered,  is  illustrated  by  the!  personal  gallantry  of  lord  Rodney,  and  the  example 
details  of  a  variety  of  naval  engagements,  from  ad-  of  close  actitm  given*  by  the  Saiidwicn,  che  Frer.ch 
miral  Byng's  in  the  Mediterranean,  1756,  to  admi-  fleet  bore  alternately  aw.iy  and  escajjed;  while  the 
ral  Greaves' rencontre  off  the  Chesapeake,  5th  Sep- 
tember, 1781.  In  Byng's  unfortunate  engagement, 
the  British  having  weathered  the  French  'fleet,  edg- 
ed down  m  a  slanting  or  oblique  line  to  bring  the 
latter  to  close  action  from  van  to  re:u-.  The  head- 
most ships  suffered  a  raking  fire,  and  received  three 
broadsides,  before  they  could  i-each  their  stations 
to  return  a  shot.  The  sixth  ship  in  die  line  was  dis- 
abled by  the  loss  of  a  topmast;  and  from  the  inm-- 
ruption  which  she  occasioned  to  the  line,  the  van 
Was  separated  f.-om  the  centre  and  rear.  The  van 
of  the  French  fleet  bore  aw.ay  at  intervals,  amidst 
the  misUiken  shouts  of  our  seamen,  :is  soon  as  it 
t^^lt  the  effects  of  our  fire.     The  centre  and  rear,  by 


English,  from  the  damage  sustained  in  the  hulk-  and 
rigging,  were  unable  to  continue  the  pursuit  tliat 
aight.'' 

After  stating  that  tliis  mode  of  figliting  in  gene- 
ral engagements,  previous  to  1782,  was  strictly 
adhered  to  by  the  English  and  French,  the  review- 
er proceeds: 

"During  the  v^-hole  war  our  fleets  had  invariably 
been  baffled,  disabled  and  worsted,  in  tl.et,  ri  every 
genei-al  engagement,  without  the  loss  'fa  s-ogl-  sh  p  on 
either  side,  or  almost  of  a  man.  Our  admirals  ..d.icred 
a. most  iiivariibiy  to  the  eitiblished  mode  of  ttae-ic, 
■n  I  ciide;i,voreA  to  obtain  a  windward  posiiion  be- 
fore thev  began  to  cng.igc.     Eacii  shiii   steered  dj. 


1 26,      KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  U,  181^. 

yectij'  upon  her  opponent  in  the  adverse  line,  and  pele's  engas^ement  ofFUshnnt,  passed  each  other  at. 
i>ro\i,^ht  lip,  in  order  to  produce  a  general  enyag-e-  the  rate  of  iive  miles  an  liour,  it  appears  that  eacji 
ineiit  from  van  to  rear."  ship  was  cng-a^cd  for  no  more  tlum  a  qviai-ter  of  p. 

We  shall  now  transcribe  Mr.  Clerk's  new  mode  of  minute  witli  ef  ch  opponent,  and  was  exposed  but  for 

six  minutes  and  a  half  to  tlie  whole  of  the  fire  of  the 
adverse  fleet." 

"Our  author's  mode  of  attack  from  leewaixl,  seems 
to  ha-e  been  iirst  suggested  by  the  examination  of 
this  unsi!ccc'-snil  enga!<-ement  If  our  llce+,  instead 
of  beating  away  when  ic  reached  the  enemy's  line, 
had  continued  close  to  the  wind,  in  its  former 
course,  tlie  opposite  line  must  have  been  cvt  in 
hmin,  and  intersected  by  ours;  and  eiither  the  rear, 
wlien  thus  separated  and  obstructed  in  its  course, 
must  have  been  abandoned  l)y  the  van,  or  a  close 
and  general  engagement  must  have  ensued.  Mr. 
Clerk  demonstrates,  by  a  variety  of  examples,  that 
whether  the  attack  be  directed  against  the  centre 
or  re.ir  of  the  enemv's  fleet,  whether  it  be  made. by 
the  van  or  centre  of" the  fleet  to  leeward,  the  portion 
of  the  line  wliich  is  then  intersected  and  cut  oil" 
f:-om  the  rest,  must  be  forced  to  leeward  and  taken 
or  destroyed.  When  the  attack  is  made  by  the  cen- 
tre, the  h'eadmost  ships  bear  away  as  usual,  and  en- 
gage the  leew:u-d;  those  of  the  centre  pierce  the 
opposite  liiic,  and  stretching  to  windward,  place 
tlic  cn;;my  between  two  fires;  the  rear  remains  iur 
cei-posed  "to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  enemy's  rear, 
or  tlie  return  of  their  van.  When  the  line  is  thus 
intersected  and  broken,  tlie  van  and  rear  present 
two  distinct  objects  of  attack;  but,  as  these  objects, 
are  not  both  to  be  accomplished,  the  attack  of  tlifc 
rear,  wliich  is  already  far  advanced,  and  wlicre  the 
success  is  certain,  is  shown  to  be  far  preferable  to 
tliat  of  the  van,  M'hich  requires  a  long  pursuit." 

After  stating,  that  imdoubtcdly  "the  first  ideji  of 
cutting  the  line  originated  with  Mr.  Clerk,"*  the  re- 
viewer proceeds  with  some  pre^'ious  extracts  from 
Mr.  Clerk's  book,  to  describe  the  engagement  in 
which  the  new  mode  of  attack  from  leeward  was  first 
caiTied  hito  execution,  to  v/it:  tliat  of  lord  Rodney 
on  the  ]2th  of  April,  1*82.  In  this  engagement,  "tlic 
Ik-itish  fleet  was  still  to  leeward,  and  the  two  fleets 
v/erc  on  opposite  tacks.  T.'ie  van  bore  away  along, 
tlie  opposite  Une,  and  had  it  been  followed  by  the 
centre,  nothing  memorable  would  have  been  achiev- 
ed that  day.  But  the  Formidable,  the  admiral's  ship 
in  the  ccnti-e,  kept  close  to  the  wind.  On  perceiving 
an  opening  near  the  centre  of  the  enemy,  llodney 
broke  throuerh  at  tiie  head  of  the  rear  division,  and 


:ittack,  both  from  vs'lndward  and  leewjird,  as  briefl}' 
as  possible,  in  the  reviewers  own  words. 

"The  mode  of  attack  proposed,  whether  from 
wirdv.ard  or  from  leeward,  is  founded  upon  the 
San^e  principle  x\'hich  a  skilful  general  adopts  in 
or.gager.ients  by  land,  that  is,  to  exert  the  chief 
.fo'Ce  against  the  weakest  or  most  vulnerable  part 
of  -l^e  opposite  line.  The  impossibility  of  carrying 
the  whole  fleet  by  a  general  attack,  liad  been  suflH- 
jrienily  proved.  Instead,  therefore,  of  bearhig  di- 
rcc'J^'  down  to  stop  tlie  v;in,  of  wliich  the  residt  h.as 
teen  generulh-  unsucces'.ful,  and  always  indecisive, 
pur  author  dcmonstr.iles  that  a  fleet  to  windwai'd, 
ai-rang'td  in  thrca  divisions  as  the  service  may  re- 
quire, should  conthuie  the  pursuit,  like  a  single 
ship,  in  nearly  a  parraliel  line  of  approach;  and 
should  confine  the  ait.ick  to  as  many  vessels  as  it 
can  reiiCii  and  cu.  off  ir-  tlie  centre  or  rear.  Admit- 
ting even  the  superiority  of  the  enemy's  sailing, 
the  swiftest  vessels  to  windward  will  necessarily 
outsail  and  intercept  the'jieaviest  in  tlie  fleet  to 
leeward,  Vi'hicli  last  must  eitiiev  abandon  its  rear,  or 
reluin  to  hazard  a  gener:d  .:nd  close  engagemeni, 
which  it  h.as  endeavored  'o  avoid.  But  in  whatsoe- 
VQY  manner  the  enem.j'  .shall  attempt  to  return;  whe- 
ther the  whole  fleet  shall  double  round  in  succes 
sioi^,  or  each  vessel  shall  tack  or  wear  in  the  line 
tiic  time  and  course  required  fir  the  execution  ol' 
the  n^.ovcment,  will  incrc.'.se  tJie  dj.stance  between 
ihe  van  and  the  centre,  and  that  part  of  the  line 
xvhicb  is  intersected  attacked.  If  they  tack  or  v,-ear 
|n  the  line,  the  slups  are  exposed  to  a  rating  fire, 
ivhile  tiie  v.-indward  divisions  of  the  opposiie  flcei 
Sire  ready  io  in^xrpo.'.c,  and  to  prevent  their  junction 
Widi  the  rear,  li,  anacipating  the  intended  attack 
Upon  tiieir  rear,  as  in  llodney's  first  eng-agcmcnt  ofl' 
^lartirdco,  the}'  should  endeavor  to  avoid  it  by 
y.'c.'iving  round,  in  order  to  pass  on  the  opposite 
trek,  the  fleet  to  wjnd\\ard  may  cither  bear  dovni 
jithwart  ti'.eir  course,  and  bring  the  headmost  ships 
to  a  close  action,  or  may  renew  the  attack  with  the 
same  success  against  tlie  former  van,  which  is  now 
their  rear.  Or,  if  they  should  endeavor  to  escape  be- 
foi'e  the  wind,  their  retreat  must  soon  degenerate 
into  an  absolute  flight,  in  Y,-hi?h  the  slowest  vessels 
must  aiwavs  be  overtaken  h\  the  fleet  in  pursuit.' 


e  mode  of  attack  fi-om  leeward  occupies  thejgave  the  fu-s"t  cxamjjle  of  cutting  the  line.  All  the 
pecond  pan  of  tlie  work.'  As  the  course  of  a  fleet  in  'consequences  predicted  by  our  author  immediately 
ivvorking  to  v.-indward  is  in  angular  lines,  if  the  ;id-' ensued  Tiie  rear  of  the  J'rench  fleet  was  driven  to 
vantages  upon  each  side  were  equal,  the  distance  |leewai-d  In  the  utmost  confusion,  and  torn  to  pieces, 
between  vwo  fleets  working  to  Vvhidward  would  con-jby  a  raking  fire.  The  van  .and  cent!-e,  instead  of  at- 
■^inUe  always  the  same.  Bui  the  least  disaster  to  the|tempiing  to  rejoin  their  rc.ir,  flctl  in  diflercnt  d;rcc- 
ynusts  and  rigging,  even  of  a  sing-le  ycssel,  retards!  tions,  under  a  press  of  sail.  Tiie  most  unbovmded 
tiie  progress  of  a  fleet  to  windward,  lest  that  vessel  1  praise  is  undoubtedly  due  to  th  e  gallant  Rodney;  nor 
sl\-juid  full  to  leev.-ard  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. '  can  it  detract  in  the  Ic^.st  from  his  merit,  that  he  was^ 
Every  alteration  in  ihe  wind  enables  the  fleet  toj unable  to  avail  himself  to  the  utmost  of  a  mode  ci 
leeward  to  -weather  the  other;  .and,  as  tiiese  acci-!  attack  never  practised  before.  His  van,  unprepared 
flents  are  tmavoidabie  in  cruising,  Mr.  Clark  con-  perhaps  to  improve  t!ic  attack,  continued  to  stretch 
eludes,  that,  in  tlie  cotirse  of  a  fev.^  days,  a  fleet  tojand  to  tuck  to  the  windward,  leaving  in  opening 
leeward  must  fetch  some  part  at  least  of  the  opposite  j  tiirough  which  the  rem-  of  the  enemy  was  permitted 
line.  Were  they  to  meet  on  the  same  tack,  the  en- 1  to  escupe.  Abandoning  the  proper  object  of  attack, 
gagement  might  continue  wiiile  they  held  the  same  |  namely  the  enemy's  rear,  the  proxhnity  of  which 

coui'ie;  but  tne  fleet  to  windward,  wiicn  desirous  toi ■ " — \ ^"7^ ', 

avoid  an  engagement,  has  invariably  passed  thej  AVe  have  read  in  some  part  of  the  Briti.sh  "NaVa 
other  on  an  op[)(;site  tack.  Our  flee;,  ilistead  of  con- 1  Chronicle,"  a  ditt'erent  story.  _  Lord_  Rodney,  at  a 
-tinuiug  its  former  course,  invariably  bore  awav,! dinner  one  day  in  Cornwall,  is  said  to  have  been 
•vvhen  too  leeward,  in  order  to  engage,  as  it  ranged  i  struck  with  this  iikn  all  of  a  sudden,  as  he  was  sit- 
along  the  oppo.site  line;  but  the  two  fleets;  as  tncir|ting  at  table,  and  to  li.ave  demonstrated  it  to  hi,s 
courses  were  difterent,  were  necessarily  separ...ie<l  convivial  associates  with  the  cherry  stones  oi  the 
.i.fter  a  ghort  cannonade.     As  tlie  two  fleets  in  Kep-I  desert. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER    FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


127 


Wiould  have  rendcrecl  its  destruction  ur.avotdublc, 
lie  dii-ect'.d  the  pursuit  of  lii.;  whole  fleet  aijainst 
the  disT..nt  van;  and  afcer  a  cliase  of  five  Icag'iies, 
Vfh'ich  continued  till  sunset,  five  ^hips  of  the  line 
were  captured,  but  the  rest  were  prcservetl  by  the 
apn-oacii  of  rug'iit." 

"from  this  first  execution  of  ouv. author's  system, 
a  new  era  ha:;  been  fixed  in  the  history  of  our  nav.d 
transactions.  Dui-ing'  thi-ee  successive  w;irs,  no  de- 
cisive eng-ag'onient  had  almost  ever  happened,  .ili 
Rodney, "in  the  execution  of  our  author's  svstecn, 
gave  the  first  example  of  cutnng;  the  enemy's  line. 
Since  that  period  no  eng'ag-ement  has  ever  proved 
indecisive;  and,  with  the  excep'aon  of  the  battle  of 
the  Nile,  where  the  French  fleet  was  at  anchor,  the 
same  manccuvre  has  been  uniformly  practised  wilii 
the  same  success. 

"In  lord  St.  Vincent's  eng'ai^'emcnt  on  the  14th  of 
Februai'v,  1*97,  to  which  tlie  perpendicular  attack, 
or  attack  at  right  angles*  seems  to  alladc,  the  Spa- 
nish fleet,  yjTiountin^  to  twenty-seven  sail  of  the 
line,  was  discovered  at  day -break,  extending'  from 
windward.  Ry  ca-rrying-  a  press  of  sail,  his  lordship, 
with  fifteen  ships  of  the  line,  <'disre,^aruing  the  re- 
gular system,"  intersected  and  cut  off  the  division 
to  windward,  of  wliich  four  were  talcen  before  the 
remainder  of  the  fleet  to  leeward  could  return  to 
their  reiief " 


of  a  I'ily  advci  .»  -v,*  and  to  ensure  a  fair  field  for 
the  cUsplay  of  courag-e,  di-cipSine,  and  persc\-?- 
ranee,  in  strenuous  and  decisive  contest."         D. 

Foreign  Articles. 

Report  Uthelinj  on  tlte  internal  ^'ituaiion  of  France, 
on  the  relation  -ivithfyreiipi  arrites  -,i-i^h  refipect  la  Oi^ 
der  and  pacification — b-j  the  mkihf!''-  of  g-encral  po- 
lice.  TKAXSLATKT)  FOH    THE  COorMHIlV 

Sin::, — The  ravaji^'es  of  France  are  at  theu*  height; 
tlie  allied  po.vers  destroy  and  devastate  her,  as  if 
we  had  nei'her  peace  nor  accommodation  to  liope 
fin*.  The  inhahit^mts  are  flying-  before  licentious 
troops;  tjse  forests  are  filled  v.-ith  the  wretched, 
who  run  there  to  seek  out  a  last  asylum — the  bravest 
are  about  to  perish  on  the  f -Ids — despair  will  soon 
iiearken  no  long'cr  to  the  voice  of  ;iny  autiiorlly — 
and  this  war,  undertsken  to  assure  the  triumph  nt 
moderation  and  iustice,  will  equal  tiie  barbarity 
of  tliose  lamentable  :md  raostcri:el  invasions  whoso 
history  cannot  I.-e  recollected  without  liorror. 

Theidlied  powers  have  proclaimed  their  d  ):"trliie 
too  loudly  for  us  possibly  to  doubt  their  m.agiiani- 
mity  !     W'hat  ]>e;ieiit  can  be  drawn  from  so  man}- 
u:5eies:j  calamities  ?     Are  there  no  more  bonds  of 
flith   between   nations?      "Would  thev   retard    the 


i-er.o:iciliation  of  F,;u-ope  with  F)-anc( 


One  of  the 


"In  lord  Dimcan's  victory  off  Camperdowii,  his  '  views  of  the  sovereig-ns  would  a;jpear  to  be  to 
lordship,  on  discovering' the  Dutch  fleet  to  leeward,  strengthen  your  majesty's  ,g-overnracnt,  and  its  au- 
bore  down,  not  in  a  line  of  battle  abreast,  but  in  two  thority  i^  unceasingly  compromittcd  ])y  tiie  state  of 

impotence  to  which  tiiey  iiave  reduced  it.  Its 
power  is  even  renderefl  odious  by  the  evils  of  which 
iL  seems  to  be  ti:c  acco:npliee,  because  it  canriot 
hinder  them.  Your  m:>.jes*y  signied  tjie  trcat\-  of 
May  25  as  an  ally,  and  wi.r  is  waged  pgaiiist  vou  in  a 
manner  the  most  direct. 

The  soverei;;,-;is  know  the  state  of  knowlcdp^e  in 
Fr.ance;  no  reasoning,  no  species  of  defect,  no  kind 


divisions  or  perpendicular  lines;  and  his  attack  was 
directe:!,  not,  as  formerly,  agJnst  the  enemy's  van, 
bat  acc(H-ding  to  IMr.  Clerk's  system,  against  tne 
centre  and  rear.  His  own  divi,ion  cut  the  line  be- 
tween the  eighth  and  ninth  ships.  Onslow's  divisioi> 
passed  between  the  foarteemli  and  fifteenth  ships 
from  the  van;  imd  while  the  former,  or  perhaps  the 
Venerable  and  her  two  seconds  kept  the  van  at  bay, 
the  rest  engaged  with  tlie  centre  and  rear.    By  de- 1  of  inconsequence   escapes   the   penetration  of  this 


parthig  from  the  customary  line  of  battle,  and  con 
fining  the  attack,  or  the  chdef  force,  to  a  portion  of 
the  enemy's  line,  six  ships  of  the  van  escaped;  but 
the  centre  and  rear,  with  tiie  exception  of  a  single 
ship,  were  overpowered  and  taken." 

Having  thus  extracted  the  most  import;.nt  parts 
of  the  article  before  us,  and  given  a  brief  detail  of 
Mr.  Clerk's  principles  for  the  conduct  of  general 
engagements,  it  is  but  fair  that  we  sliouid  be  m- 
dtilged  with  a  word  or  tv/o  in  return.  The  unexpect- 
ed lengtli  hovv'ever,  to  wiiich  these  remarks  have 
alreadv  extended,  admonishes  us  to  be  short;  and 
we  shall  therefore  content  ourselves  with  merely 
doing  an  act  of  charity  to  the  reviewer,  by  disen- 
cumbering him  of  the  subjoined  paragrapii, — wiiich, 
however  well  it  might  Inive  .qjplied  to  tJie  seamen  of 
Great  Britain  in  loOS,  most  assuredly,  at  this  d.ay, 
can  only  apply  to  tiie  br.ave  tars  of  the  United 
Stxites. 

"In  contemplating  the  beautiful  simplicity  and 
unquestioned  eflicacy  of  Mr.  Cierk'c  system,  it  is 
peculiarly  pleasing  to  reflect,  that  it  is  constructe.i 
Jipon  pnnciplcs  not  less  coiigenial  than  honorable  lo 
the  character  of  the  nation  for  whose  use  it  was  in- 


people — although  hun.ibled  by  neces.^ity,  thev  yield 
to  it  with  courag-e.  Has  not  your  majesty  perfi)rn\ed 
for  the  interest  of  the  iiowers  and  for  peace  whatever 
depended  on  your  efforts  >  Ronaparte  has  been  not 
only  dispossessed,  but  is  in  the  h.ands  of  the  .-diief ; 
his  farnily  too  are  in  their  pov\'er,  since  tiiey  are  oii 
tlielr  territory.  The  chambers  have  been  d)-;soive(l, 
and  speedily  there  will  be  none  in  public  function.s 
but  friends  of  peace  and  dutj'.  The  Bonapai-tir/.s 
vrere  feared,  though  none  of  them  can  be  dangerous 
any  more — yo?ir  majesLy,  in  the  mean  time,  havlrg" 
granted  every  thirig  on  this  point  wiiich  tlie  execu- 
tive could  require  ! 

If,  ha\-ing  conquered  Fr.ance,  it  be  pretended  thai 
it  yet  remains  to  pimish  lier,  this  langu;ige  (wliicli 
ought  not  to  be  listened  to  after  the  ])romiscs  of  tlift 
sovereigns)  should  exact  a  sennus  delibepation  on 
all  its  consequences.  \^'heref  )re  -,vould  they  puni-ih 
us  .''  Is  it  for  us  to  expiate  the  amliition  of  a  siiij^lo 
man  '.  the  evils  which  it  has  ])Foduced  r — V'v"6  w  ere 
its  first  victims — we  have  delivered  Europe  from  it 
twice. — 'Tis  not  in  foreign  countries,  it  is  in  France, 
that  terror  always  troubled  his  repose,  and  spite  of 
Ills  po-.ver  he  coidd  never  render  the  war  n.-.tion?! — 
instruments  are  not  accessories — and  wlio  is  ignorant 


■tended.    This  systeln  does  not  consist  in  any  trick 

or  mano:uvTe,  by  which  courage  may  be  rendei-ed  i  tiiat  ))e  who  exercises  despotic  power  always  finds 
unnecessai-y,  or  gallantry  decoyed  to  its  destruction;  i  ^^  the  multitude  a  force  sufficient  to  make  him  i»e 
on  tlie  contr.ary,  it  proceeds  upon  tlie  proud  pre- 1  ♦^l'^}'*^'!  ^  ^^'c  are  reproached  with  his  succe.Sv^-^. 
sumption  that  we  shall  certainly  beat  our  enemies  if  j'^'hey  retaliate  sufficiently  by  our  reverses.  Wl'n*^ 
we  can  only  get  neai-  enough  to  grapple  wltli  theni:  i  image  liroug'it  the  news  of  victory  to  Fr;mce  'if  it 
audits  sole  object  is  to  give  the  valiant  an  opoortti-''^*  "'^'^  ^''•'•^  of  tlie  conscriptions,  vvlilch  the  swoni 
nity  of  fair  fighting,  to  counteract  tlie  shifting  jjolicv  I  of '^''''^1"  ^*'^''''-  ^^  i'-"M'  ;uiew  .'     We  have  saved  ouv- 


_»See  Clerk's  Naval  Tactics,  p.  194. 


*Vlde  sir  James  L.  Yeo,  on  lake  Ontario. 


12S     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21,  181a. 


selves  like  all  Kuropc,  bytlie  *ime  woes  and  mis- 
fortunes. 

The  army  bas  submitted  to  your  majesty,  l>"t  it 
F.liii  exists.  AVc  ought  to  explain  ourselves  witli 
fiT.nkness  on  this  liead — while  the  army  exists  it 
ran  be  attached  only  to  pacification  and  public 
tranquility.  Its  state  of  union,  far  from  being:  an 
evil,  prevents  miscliief  from  spreadin(j.  The  return 
of  soldic-rs  to  the  bosom  cf  the  people,  will  not  be 
<-lan!::^erou3  when  the  conclusion  of  the  war  shall 
leave  to  the  people  the  means  of  rcsumuit^  their 
occupations  and  their  liabits;  but  before  that  mo- 
n'.ent,  fermentation  is  not  yet  exting^uished,  luu- 
obedience  established;  the  mixture  of  soldiers  witli 
citizens  could  not  but  tlirow  fresh  coml;>ustibles  into 
the  fl;anc — it  is  too  p^nnful  to  reflect  that  such  a 
state  of  tilings  shovdd  have  no  otlicr  soiuxe  than 
the  terror  of  some  cabinets.  On  the  opinion  they 
entertain  of  the  situation  of  France,  depends  whether 
Ihcir  desires  .sliould  he  accomplished.  Tiicre  is  no 
sacrifice  to  which,  an  enlightened  people  will  not 
submit,  if  they  find  in  it  the  means  of  preventing 
c^reater  evils.  Such  is  the  disposition,  such  the 
determination  of  all  the  French, — Would  they  [the 
jiUies]  on  the  conti-ary  obtain  measures  of  anticipa- 
tion for  unknown  plans  .''  It  is  to  demand  an  impos- 
slbilii}':  there  is  no  blind  obedience  in  France. — The 
powers  have  hitlierto  unfolded  none  of  their  designs; 
no  one  can  form  an  idea  of  wlsat  is  to  be  done,  either 
of  the  government,  or  the  authority  of  yoiu- majesty, 
or  of  the  future. 

Anxiety  and  doubt  are  at  their  hcig-lit,  and  every 
thing  appears  a  subject  of  terror  in  this  obscurity 
— but  a  single  word,  and  all  tiie  dispositions  of  men'.s 
minds  would  be  changed.  TJicre  should  be  no  ob- 
stacle 10  any  measure,,  if  it  foi-med  part  of  a  gene- 
ral plan  that  should  offer  in  its  M'iiole  scope  some 
encouragement  for  obedience.  Let  the  sovereigns 
deign  then  to  explain  themselves.  Why  would  they 
refuse  this  act  orjusiice  .''  Ixt  them  condescend  to 
combine  all  their  dcm.ands  as  so  many  condition;}  of 
,  the  quietness  of  the  people,  :uid  let  our  accession 
to  all  their  views  make  part  of  a  mutual  treaty- — 
there  will  then  be  no  more  difficulty.  The  sove- 
reigns perlu'ps  do  not  fully  observe  in  what  em- 
barrassments and  what  obstructions  they  place  us 
and  themselves.  We  should  have  need  of  g-ood 
order  to  second  them,  and  of  their  explications  to 
cstablisTi  this  good  order.  Would  they  liavc  sacri- 
fices whiO  require  a  percmptoi-y  obedience  ^  For  tliat 
puq:)ose  tliC  authority  of  your  majesty  must  be  full 
and  entire.  Xothing  is  jjossible,  nothing-  practica- 
ble, if  peace  exist  not  in  fact,  at  least  provisionally  ; 
and  fa'  fiom  being  at  peace,  we  experience  all  the 
scoiu'ges  of  war. 

Let  the  sovereigns  at  least  bestow  some,  attention 
to  their  interests.  When  every  thing  will  be  wasted 
around  their  armies,  how  shall  these  armies  find 
their  subsistence  ?  Is  tlicrc  no  hazai'd  in  scattei-ing 
l^-.e  troops  ?  All  the  arms  are  not  }'et  taken  avv'aV 
[from  the  French  people]  and  ever}-  nian  becomes 
murderous  in  the  lumds  of  despair.  ^Vith  respect 
to  contributions  of  war,  what  new  sacrifices  should 
they  demand,  where  the  soldier  shall  have  destroved 
all .''  As  it  regiu'ds  the  force  of  armies,  discipline 
once  relaxed  is  haid  to  be  re-establLshed.  ficrma- 
ny  has  no  room  to  expect  but  that  after  a  glorious 
campaign,  she  will  bring  back  her  soldiers  corrrupt- 
lid  by  a  spirit  of  licentiousness,  caprice  and  pillage. 
Kvery  thing  ought  to  distinguish  this  war  from 
«-?+hers,  instead  of  imitating,  surpassing-,  even  in 
i>...nce,  tlie  excess  against  which  the  sovereigns 
V'ikc  up  anus. — Their  glory,  will  even  that  be  satis- 
j^icd.     We  have  done  wiiattver  they  have  desired— 


and  on  their  side,  of  all  that  they  announced  to 
the  world,  is  it  accomplished  on  a  single  point? — 
What  a  contrast  between  their  performance  and 
their  most  solemn  promises  !  I'his  is  the  age  of 
reason  and  justice,  and  never  has  public  opinion  "nad 
greater  influence.  What  can  account  for  afflictions 
so  excessive,  after  prpmise  of  so  much  moderation? 
The  present  war  has  been  commenced  to  maintain 
the  cause  of  legitimacy — is  tins  manner  of  conduct- 
ing tiie  war  adapted  "to  render  your  majesty's  au- 
tliority  more  sacred .?  The  allies  resolved  to  de- 
throne and  punish  him  who  made  a  sport  of  the 
calamities  of  nations  ;  and  tiiey  exercise  on  submis- 
sive France  the  same  violence,  the  same  inhumanity. 
.\11  Em-ope  thought  that  the  entry  of  the  sovereigns 
into  Paris  would  finish  the  war; — what  will  they 
think  on  learning  that  it  was  only  then  the  extrava- 
gancies of  oppression  began,  without  battles  .and 
without  resistaiice  ?  The  distresses  which  they  up- 
braid us  for  having  [wrought  on  other  countries  have 
never  been  so  great ;  never — at  least,  they  did  not 
take  place  when  the  employment  of  armies  had  no 
longer  any  other  object ;  and  if  it  were  true  that 
we  had  given  such  an  example  of  the  abuse  of  force, 
ought  they  to  imitate  it,  since  they  impute  it  to  us 
as  a  crime  r  They  well  know  in  the  north,  they 
knovv  in  Prussia,  what  energy  and  public  spirit  our 
want  of  moderation  jn-oduced  in  our  enemies. — 
There  could  be  no  end  to  the  evils  of  humanity  if 
alternate  vengeance  became  a  riglit  of  war;  for 
nations  never  die. 

Will  your  majesty  permit  me  to  insist  on  a  conclu- 
ding consideration.'  So  long  as  France  .shall  have  any 
thing  to  preserve ;  whilst  she  shall  cherLsh  hopet; 
of  sustaining  herself  as  a  national  body,  lu)  sacrifice 
will  be  impossible  to  her,  and  all  the  schemes  of 
an  equitably  policy  may  yet  be  executed:  but,  the 
day  when  the  inhabitants  shall  have  lost  all,  when 
their  ruin  shall  be  completed,  we  shall  see  a  new 
order  of  things  commence,  a  new  series  of  events, 
becaiise  there  will  be  neither  government  or  obe- 
dience— Elind  fury  shall  succeed  to  resignation; 
thej'  will  take  no  council  but  from  despair;  they 
will  desolate  on  both  sides;  pillage  will  midte  war 
upon  pillage;  eve;-y  step  of  the  foreign  soldiery  will 
')€  stained  with  blood — France  will  have  less  shamf 
in  destroying  her.-clf  that  in  sufl'ering  othei's  to  de- 
stroy her.  That  moment  approaches  -.  Already  is 
he  national  spirit  taking  this  frightful  direction  :  a 
fusion  is^forming  among  parties  the  most  opposite; 
N  endce  itself  in  this  excess  of  calamities  bring.s 
her  colors  nearer  those  of  the  army.  What  part  will 
be  left  your  majesty  but  to  retire .'  Public  function- 
aries will  of  themselves  abandon  their  places,  and 
the  armies  of  the  sovereigns  will  then  be  within  the 
hold  of  individuals  freed  from  all  soci.d  obligations 
A  jjcople  of  thirty  millions  may  disappear  from  the 
eartii,  but  in  this  war  of  man  against  man,  more 
tlian  one  tomb  will  enclose  together  both  victors 
and  vanquished. 

QC/'It  is  proper  to  observe  that  the  preceding  re- 
port was  not  permitted  to  be  published  in  the  Paris 
papcr.s — the  allies  fr-'ho  do  not  interfere  ii'ith  the  hi' 
tfrnal  affairs  of  France!  !  )  forbid  it! — but  it  v.ms 
circulated  in  maiuiscrijJt.  [kb-  i'eg. 

SPANISH   PBOfLAMATION. 

Translated  for  the  Columbian. 
Proclamation  of  the  general  of  the  Spanish  army  to 
the  Frenchmen  of  the  bordering  districts  : 
Tiie  troops  of  the  king,  my  master,  enter  the 
French  territory,  not  to  commit  hostilities,  but  to 
suppress  the  ferocity  of  a  faction  who  are  not  satis- 
fied with  the  calamities  they  have  occasioned,  by 
wlucbtheyhaveromoromittedthethroneofhismo.it 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIG^N  ARTICLES. 


129 


c'&tliolic  majesty  and  the  tranquility  of  his  subjects 
Iti  tlie  declaration  of  the  2d  of  -May,  it  is  said,  tliat 
the   Spanish   army  should  not    wage   war    ap:ainst 
France,  but  the  faction  which  desolates  it  ;  that  it 
avows  no  otlier  conquest  than  the  repose  of  France 


herself,  in  restoring  her  king-,  called  to  the  throneji  let  Louis  be  khig.] 


whose  courage  they  know  how  to  appreciate.     It 
'  is  bv  the  contribution  that  the  promises  must  be 

fulfilled." 

I      [All  this  is  very  well — but  the  allies  naid,  tlicy 
I  merely  took  up  arms    to  put  down  Bonaparte,   and 


iSy  the  fundamental  laws  of  the  state,  whose  pros-' 
tration  has  plunged  the  whole  kingdom  in  sadness 
and  bereavement.  i 

The  chief  of  the  disturbers  of  the  public  quiet  is 
no  longer  at  theii-  head,  but  his  spirit  still  animates 
his  followers. 

King  Louis  XVIII.  is  on  his  throne,  but  his  vu-- 
tucs  have  not  yet  corapleted  the  conquest  of  minds, 
bewildered  by  the  genius  of  evil.  All  the  declara- 
tions of  the  king,  my  master,  are,  that  the  troops 
wliicii  enter  the  domains  of  his  Catholic  m:ijcst_v, 
must  neitlier  ravage  nor  dismember  the  smallest 
part  of  them,  but  protect  and  preserve  them  fiith- 
fully,  as  a  sacred  trust. 
Gonqiiiere,  Aug^ist,  1815. 
(Signed)  CASTAXOS. 

The  fJloidng  is  an  extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Priis- 
sian  general  Ribbenthrop,   to  the  prefect  of  Paris, 
respecting  the  Pmssiun  requisitions. 
"This  measure  has  been  dictated  to  me  by  the 
commander  in  chief     You  and  your  fellow  citizens 
cannot  tax  it  with  injustice,  when  1  remind  you  of 
tlie  overtures  which  I  have  several  times  made  you 
respecting  tlje  demands  of  prince  Blucher. 

"You  know  that  in  18  J6,  7  and  8,  Prussia,  under 
Hie  administration  of  M.  IJaru,  not  only  lost  its  pros- 
perity, but  was  ruined  by  the  enormous  mass  of  re- 
quisitions and  extortions  to  v\-hich  it  was  subjected. 
Y'ou  know  what  was  done  in  1809,  10  and  11,  to  ex- 
haust the  kingdom — nor  can  I  dissemble,  that  in 
1812,  though  then  in  alliance  witli  France,  several 
of  our  provinces  suffered  treatment  of  which  the 
most  cruel  enemy  would  hardly  have  been  guilty. 

"It  was  in  1813  that  we  shook  off  tlie  yoke  of  ty- 
ranny. The  victorious  arms  of  the  allies  delivered 
France  from  a  dynasty  under  which  that  fine  coun- 
try had  groaned  for  so  many  years. 

"Tiie  inconceivable  etibrts  which  Prussia  made 
to  support  tjiis  contest,  af.er  six  years  of  oppres- 
sion, signalized  by  all  kinds  of  extortion  and  arbi- 
trary treatment,  put  it  out  of  our  power  to  make  a 
suitable  provision  for  the  equipment,  tlie  pay,  and 
other  wants  of  the  armies  again  called  forth  to  com- 
bat Bonaparte  and  his  adherents. 

"You  pretend  that  tlie  contribution  of  100  mil- 
lions of  francs  exceeds  the  ability  of  your  city. 
Ask  coui-.t  Uaru  what  Berlin,  a  city  of  quarter  the 
size  of  yours,  was  obliged  to  furnish,  and  you  will 
be  convinced  it  greatly  exceeds  the  demand  of 
prince  Blucher  upon  the  capital  of  Prance.  If  we 
treated  your  provinces  as  you  did  ours,  from  1806 
to  1812,  the  contributions  to  be  imposed,  according 
1©  that  standard,  might  exceed  your  ability. 

"But  far  from  using  reprisals,  we  have  hitlierto 
flemandcd  only  the  reimbursement  of  the  expenses 
of  the  war;  for  the  budgets  of  our  financiers  liave 
no  head  for  exorbitant  impositions  levied  in  foreign 
countries,  such  as  were  Ibund  in  the  budgets  of 
France,  previous  to  the  year  1814. 

"Last  year  the  conquest  of  Paris  ended  tlie  war. 
In  this  campaig-n,  the  same  conquest  has  been  the 
object  of  our  labors;  to  attain  it,  we  have  been 
forced  to  make  promises  to  the  troops — not  such 
promises  as  the  Frencli  leader  made  to  his  army  be- 
fore the  defeats  on  the  Kat/Ijach,  near  Culm,'  and 
Donnewitz,  which  hindered  him  from  performing 
Ihem;  but  such  as   generous  conqueror.s   make  to 


ORDI>*AXCF.  or  THE   KTXfT. 

Louis,  bv  the  grace  of  God,  kingof  France  and  Na- 
varre, to  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come, 
greeting. 

The  attempts  made  upon  France,  have  compelled 
tlie  foreign  powers  to  cause  their  armies  to  enter. 
In  order  to  strike  at  the  enemy  of  tlieir  state.  Tliey 
occupy  our  territory:  these  evils  would  have  been 
prevented,  if  our  voice  had  been  more  listened  to. 
But  ftr  from  our  hearts  be  all  recrimination.  The 
sufferings  of  our  people  permit  us  only  to  tliink  of 
alleviating  them,  till  the  moment,  not  very  distant, 
arrives,  whicii  shall  put  an  end  to  them.  Circum- 
stances are  such,  that  we  have  iiot  the  choice  of 
means,  we  must  embrace  that  which  appears  to  pre- 
sent the  least  inconvenience,  and  to  be  the  most 
proper  to  recalling  to  sliare  the  biu-thens,  tliose  up- 
on whom  the  requisitions  have  least  pressed. 

AVe  have,  therefiu-e,  determined,  to  establisli,  pro- 
visionally, an  extraordinary  contribution,  distrii)Ut- 
ed  among  the  diflerent  departments  in  propoition 
to  their  resources,  trusting,  tliat  however  grievous 
these  sacrifices  may  be,  they  will    be   less  so  than 

•imc    v/ithout    order    or 


modest  s< 


yldiers,  \yhose    w^lf^re   lhey   value,   suid 


the  maintenance   of  a 
method. 

Full  of  confidence  in  the  patriotism  of  the  princi- 
pal merchants,  proprietors  and  capitalis':^,  ve  de- 
sire to  associate  them  to  our  solicitude  fur  the  re- 
lief of  their  fellow  countr\mcn,  ruined^bj-  events, 
without  intending,  however,  that  tlic  sums  which 
they  shall  pay  beyond  their  contribtitive  part  sliail 
remain  definitively  charged  to  them,  and  onh:  con- 
sidering them  as  loans  made  to  give  to  the  cxtra- 
ordinaiy  receipt  an  acceleration  proportioned  to 
tlie  urgency  of  tiie  necessitv. 

Considering,  tUatthe  evil  wliich  increases  evcrv 
day  will  not  permit  us  to  wait  for  the  meeting  of 
the  two  chambers  in  order  to  concert  with  them  tlie 
measures  which  must  be  adopted: 

For  these  causes  we  have  ordained  and  do  ordain 
as  fallows — 

Article  1.  There  shall  lie  levied  extraovdinarv, 
and  paid  into  the  ro_val  treasury  as  arrequisition  of 
war,  a  sum  of  one  hundred  millions  on  tTre  depart- 
ments, and  in  the  proportion3  determined  by  the 
annexed  statement. 

2.  Tiiere  shall  be  added  to  th.c  contingent  of  such 
departments,  a  f-ind  of  non-valcurs  not  exceeding- 
ten  centimes  for  each  franc,  by  means  of  which  the 
whole  of  this  contingent  may  be  available  to  the 
treasury. 

3.  The  sum  whigh  from  this  lund  shall  remain 
disposable,  shall  belong  to  the  department,  and 
shall  be  em])loyed  for  its  private  expenses. 

4.  The  prefect  shall  determine  as  to  those  unabl'- 
to  pay,  according  to  the  opinion  of  the  sub-prefectj 
and  on  the  report  of  the  director  of  the  direct  con- 
tributions. 

5.  Tiie  extraordinary  charge  Iiere  referred  to, 
shall  be  provisionally  borne  by  the  principal  capi- 
talists, patent-holders,  and  proprietors  in  each  de- 
partment. 

6.  Thfe  defensive  mode  of  levying  this  war  con- 
tribution, and  of  reimbursing  tliose  sums  which  mav 
have  been  paid  beyond  the  contingent,  shall  be  fix- 
by  the  two  chambers. 

7.  In  order  to  determine  the  sum  wlilch  each  cap! 
talist,  patent-holder  or  proprietor  is  to  furnish,  a 


J30      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBERS!,  I8I5. 


committee  shall  be  formed  ineackprefecUu-o,  com- 
posed ofliie  mayor  of  the  chief  place,  the  rcceiver- 
genexal,  &.c.  8cc. 

8.  Tliis  com.mittcc  shall  be  charged — 

T.  With  apportioning-  amo^ifr  ^'^e  different  arron- 
dissements  tlie  conting'eut  which  is  assigned  to  the 
department. 

II.  To  ao.T.ing'e  tlie  individual  proportion  between 
the  principal  capitalists,  patent-lwilders  and  proprie- 
tors. 

9.  In  the  indindual  assessment  of  the  conting'cnt 
of  the  other  an-ondis-semcnt,  there  shall  be  formed 
a  .special  commiltee. 

10.  Relates  to  the  committees  of  department  and 
arrondissement. 

11.  Relates  to  tlic  time  in  which  the  returns  ai-e 
to  be  made  out. 

12.  The  simi  to  be  levied  upon  each  of  the  prin- 
cipal capi'cdists,  jiatent-hoidcrs  and  proprietors, 
shall  be  paid  by  four  instalments,  between  the  IStliof 
September  and  tlic  15th  of  November,  at  periods 
Wliich  shall  be  detennined  by  tlie  committee. 

13.  Tlie  receivers -g-eneral,  in  particuhir  in  their 
Jespective  arrondissements,  sliall  issue  di*afis  paya- 
ble at  such  periods  as  may  be  indicated. 

14.  These  drafts,  when  presented,  are  to  be  ac- 
cepted by  the  person  upon  wliom  they  are  drawn, 
Send  are  liable  to  all  judicial  processes,  the  same  as 
in  commercial  transactions. 

15.  All  refusal  or  delay  in  accepting  the  said 
drafts,  shall  be  certified  by  a  protest  in  the  usual 
manner,  and  wliich  will  render  the  amount  of  the 
drafi  immediately  exigible  :  the  recovery  thereof  to 
be  made  by  coercion. 

16.  The  receivers-general  in  pai'ticulaa*  shall  en- 
Joy,  for  the  collecting  of  this  extraordinary  contri- 
bution, the  same  fees  as  for  the  direct  ordimny  con- 
tributions, the  said  fees  to  be  charged  upon  the 
funds  of  the  non-valeurs. 

17.  Our  minister,  secretarv  of  state  for  finance,  is 
enlarged  withtiic  execution  of  the  present  ordinance:. 

Given  atthe  Thuilleries,  this  IGtli  of  August,  1815. 
(Signed)  LOUIS. 

Ey  tlie  king. 

Baron  I,<!Uis,  minister  of  finance. 

[Next  follows  a  list  of  the  sums  cliarged  to  each 
department  respectively.  Thatcharg-ed  on  the  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  amounts  to  13,340,000  francs, 
and  that  on  tlie  Girondc  to  5,330,000  francs. 

Iio?f APARTE.  From  the  Londni  J}foriii7ig  Chrnnicle. 
— "\Ve  guarantee  the  authenticity  of  tlie  following 
passages  cxtractcil  from  the  conversation  that  lord 
Lowtiier  and  ]Mr.  Lyttlcton  had  with  Bonapai-te  on 
Ijcard  the  Northumberland. 

In  remonstrating  against  the  detention,  Bonaparte 
said,  "you  know  not  my  cliaractcr;  you  ought  to 
have  trusted  to  my  word  of  honor." 

One  of  the  gentlemen  answered  him:  "Allow  me 
to  tell  you,  tliat  since  the  invasion  of  Spain,  there  is 
wot  a  singde  person  in  England  who  does  not  dis- 
trust you  and  your  most  solemn  engagements." 

"I  was,"  replied  Bonaparte,  "called  into  Spain  by 
the  sovereign." 

But  not,  as  I  believe,  replied  the  gentleman,  to 
place  king  Joseph  upon  the  thr  ne. 

Bonaparte — I  had  a  grand  political  system;  it  was 
necessary  to  establish  a  counterpoise  to  your  pov.- 
er  upon  the  ocean;  and,  besides,  I  did  no  more  than 
the  Bourbons  had  done. 

.  You  must,  however,  acknowledge,  gene- 
ral, that  France,  under  your  sceptre,  v.-as  far  more 
to  be  dreaded,  than  l^rance  as  .she  Vv'as  during  the 
last  yea  s  of  tlie  reign  of  Louis  XIV;  so  mucli  liad 
her  power  increased. 


Bonaparte. — '^England,  on  her  side,  had  becom , 
much  more  powerful." 

He  til  en  spoke  of  our  colonies  and  of  our  requi- 
sitions in  India. 

Bonaparte — "I  wanted  to  regenerate  Spain,  and 
to  do  much  what  the  Cortes  has  attempted  to  do 
since." 

He  was  tlien  called  back  to  the  principal  topic, 
and  was  reminded  of  the  character  of  the  transac- 
tion that  had  put  him  in  possession  of  the  crown  of 
Spain.  He  made  no  reply  to  tliose  objections,  but 
turned  the  conversation  to  the  subject  of  his  deten- 
tion, and  said,  after  a  discussion  of  some  length: 
"AVcU,  I  am  then  deceived  in  relying  upon  your 
generosity;  rciftore  or  replace  me  in  the  situation 
from  which  3'ou  took  me."  In  speaking  of  the  in- 
vasion of  Spain:  "I  was,"  said  he,  "sovereign  at  that 
time;  I  had  the  right  of  making  WiU*." 

He  said  of  Mr.  P'ox:  "I  knew  him;  I  saw  him  at 
the  Thuiileries;  he  had  no  prejudiies." 

.     "-Mr.  Fox,  general,   was  a  zealous  citizen 

of  his  own  country,  and  moreover,  a  citizen  of  the 
wovld." 

"He  wished  sincerely  for  peace,"  replied  Bona- 
parte, "and  I  wished  for  it  also;  his  death  prevent- 
ed peace  from  being  made — The  otlier  negociators 
were  not  sincere." 

Bonaparte  added  further:  *'I  do  not  sa}"^,  that  dur- 
ing twent}'  years  of  ^\"ar,  I  did  not  meditate  tlie  ruin 
of  England."  Then  correcting  himself,  ;is  if  lie 
liad  inadvertently  said  more  than  prudence  permit- 
tcd;  "that  is  to  saj',  your  humiliation;  I  wjuited  to 
force  you  to  be  just  tov»'ards  me." 

He  appeared  neither  agitated  nor  cast  down — hia 
expressions,  sometimes  energetic,  M-ere  always  ut- 
tered with  calmness,  and  he  gesticulated  much, 
less  than  the  French  or  Italians  are  accustomed  ta 
do. 

London,  .ftiigust  20. — When  Napoleon  first  board- 
ed the  BellcTophon,  he  said  to  captain  Maitland^ 
with  his  usual  quickness  :  Come  captain  Maitland, 
svipposc  we  walk  over  your  ship."  To  this  the  c;ip- 
tain  replied,  by  saying  that  the  decks  were  then 
\\-asliing,  and  tlvit  the  ship  was  consequently  not  ia 
a  state  to  be  inspected — that  he  had  better  wait- 
an  hour  or  so,  &.c.  To  this  Bonaparte  responded  ? 
"No,  no,  captain  Muitland,  let  us  go  now,  I  have.' 
been  accustomed  to  wet  and  dn',  and  concision,  &c. 
&,c.  for  upwards  of  20  years,  and  I  must  see  lier  in 
lier  present  state."  He  did  so,  and  inspected  her 
with  ail  tlie  alacrity,  minuteness,  and  curiosity  so" 
characteristic  of  him,  walking  several  times  over*, 
the  .ship.  Afier  this  he  expressed  hi.nself  highly 
delighted  with  the  admir;ible  economy  of  a  British 
lYian  of  war.  One  day  addressing  im  old  marine,  he 
asked  him  "how  long  he  had  served  .'"  The  reply 
was  "sixteen  years."  ''Where  are  your  marks  of 
distinction'  then  V  "I  have  none,"  answered  tlie 
I  marine;  Bonaparte  shrugged  up  liis  shoulders  and 
I  retired.  When  lord  Keith  communicated  to  Bomi- 
{ parte  his  intended  removal  to  the  Northumberland, 
jand  conveyance  in  that  ship  to  St.  Helena,  he  ap- 
'  peared  very  uneasy  at  the  communication,  and  after 
j  a  long  expostulation,  sternly  refused  to  go  ;  but  on 
I  lord  Keith's  observing  tliat  such  was  the  order  of 
his  government  and  tliat  he  lioped  he  should  not  be 
under  the  necessity  of  resorting  to  coercive  mea- 
sures ; — Bonaparte  replied — "Oh  no,  no  :  Yom- com- 
mand I  must  obey  !  You  may  take  me,  but  recollect 
I  do  not  go  with  my  own  free  will."  He  then  for- 
mally protested,  in'-ttTiting,  against  the  act  before 
witnesses.  As  soon  as  his  baggage  had  been  remov- 
ed from  one  ship  to  the  otJier,  the  parting  scenfe 
commenced,  which  was  truly  affecting.     All  wept. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


4  SI 


^1  particularly  Savarv,  and  a  Polish  officer  (si.t 
feet  two  inclics  high)  who  had  been  exalted  from 
tlic  ranlvs  bv  Bonaparte.  He  clunp;'  to  his  master's 
knees  ;  vvrote  an  affectionate  letter  to  lord  Keith, 
catreatinff  permi.-jsion  to  accompany  liim,  even  in  the 
jnost  raenial  capacity,  which  could  not  be  admit- 
ted. Previous  to  tlie  moment  of  separation,  Bona- 
psrte  g-ave  some  of  Iiis  officers,  left  behind,  a  cei-ti- 
iicate  to  the  following-  effect,  wliich  had  been  first 
drawn  up,  at  the  g-encral  request,  by  general  Goi- 
gaud,  and  tlien  altered  by  Bonaparte  liimself,  and 

signed  : 

"  Circumstances  pre\'ent  my  retahiing'  you  any 
longer  neai"  me.  Yuulmve  served  me  with  zeal.  I  have 
(iliuays  beat  sntiafied  -with  yori.  Your  conduct  on  tliis 
last  occadon  il'serven  my  praisr,  and  7vhat  I  had  rea- 
son to  expect  from  von.  On  boai'd  the  Norllumibci-- 
land,  7th  Aiigust.^lSlo.  NAPOLEON." 

Tiie  words  in  italics  were  substituted  by  Bona- 
parte, for  "in  my  prosperity  you  have  served  me 
witii  zeal ;  and  in  accompau}  ing  me  in  my  adversity, 
you  hiive  confirmed  the  good  opinion  I  had  of  you. 
Receive  my  thanks." 

After  ifeltling  with  liis  follov/ers  and  domestics, 
^ic  had  about  ^200  to  carry  with  him.  The  persons 
suficred  to  attaul  Bonapai-te  were  Bertraud,  his 
wife  and  cliildrcn  ;  Moutholon,  his  wife  and  ciiild  ; 
Gorgaud  and  Las  Casses.  Among  those  separated 
from  him  were  Savary  and  L'Ailemand,  now  on 
■  board  the  Bellerophoii  ;  lioit.  col.  de  Fianet,  M. 
'i.  Manigaut,  lieut.  cols.  Bcsigne  and  Sheltz,  captains 
Anteri,  Alerschcr  and  Poniatowski,  besides  two 
otlier  officers  and  eight  servants,  on  board  the  Eu- 
rotas.  Before  lie  bade  adieu  to  capt.  Muitland,  Bona- 
parte shook  iiim  by  the  hand,  witli  an  air  of  cordi- 
iiUty,  offered  him  his  grateful  tiianks  for  his  polite 
attentions,  and  also  liis  officers,  to  whom  he  express- 
ed himself  highly  indebted.  .Madame  Bcrtrand's 
iittcmpt  to  drown  herself  arose,  it  is  said,  f'om  her 
understanding,  at  tliis  moment,  that  it  was  intended 
to  deliver  up  her  husband  to  Louis  X"\'!il.  We 
understand  the  hon.  rear  admiral  Fleming  is  to  have 
the  command  at  St.  Helena,  in  the  jjeace,  and  that 
he  will  proceed  thither  soon  after  Sir  G.  Cockbuni 
has  established  Bonaparte  upon  the  islanrl. 

Paris, .  'hipist  18.  The  English  journals,  in  stating 
that  Bon;iiiurte  tore  various  papers  and  threw  them 
into  tl\e  sea  before  his  removal  from  the  Bellero- 
phon  to  the  Northumberland,  make  mention  of  a 
letter  addressed  to  liim  by  an  inhabitant  of  the 
■United  Stales  of  America.  The  same  jouni;ds. 
'Jiave  announced,  tliat  all  the  fragments  of  this  let- 
ter were  found  and  joined  togetlier  in  such  a  manner 
{IS  lo  throw  light  upon  an  important  aOIiir,  which 
tiie  English  government  thinks  fit  not  to  make 
]>ubljc  as  yet.  Nothing,  therefore,  is  knowii  respect, 
jng  the  contents  of  tlds  paper;  but  it  might  relate 
to  the  property  which  Bonap:a-te  has  placed  in  the 
hands  .  f  a  very  distinguished  person  of  New  Er.g- 
land,  and  which  was  actually  embarked  at  Havre, 
through  the  care  of  this  person,  on  board  the  only 
American  sliip  that  was  excepted  from  the  general 
embargo  Ldd  ^'n^  three  weeks  on  tlie  ports  of  Fi-ance. 
This  fict,  the  accuracy  of  which  may  be  relied  on, 
will  sufficiently  explain  the  reason  why  Bonaparte 
did  not  carry  with  him  so  much  wealth  as  he  was 
supposed  to  possess.     It  is  nevertheless  known  that 


nwre  easy,  since  ammunition  was  sent  at  the  samp^ 
time  in  that  direction.  This  business  is,  perhaps, 
worthy  the  attention  of  the  sovereigns. 

Gazette  de  Prance. 

CC/'It  is  one  of  the  most  considerable  and  impor- 
tant facts,that  larp;e  bodies  of  foreign  troops  are  still 
pouring  into  France,  wliicli  seems  to  countenance 
cert.iin  rumors  that  that  cour,t)-y  is  to  be  cut  up  in- 
to small  principalities,  or  divided  among  the  high 
allies  and  their  adherents — 'as  Russia,  Prussia  and 
Austria  iiELiVKRF.n  Poland.  Let  it  be  recollected, 
that  they  entered  that  "ancient  .and  venerable" 
king-dom,  which  lias  long  stood  the  "bulwark  of 
religion"  against  the  Turkp,  with  the  pretence  of 
restoring'  its  internal  tranquility.  Whose  turn  -nil! 
come  next  ? 

By  a  vessel  from  ^Madeira,  we  hear  of  the  riTival 
,  at  that  island  of  the  Northumberland  74,  a  frigate, 
and  7  men  of  war  brigs,  with  A''apnIeon  Bonaparte  on, 
board,  on  his  way  to  St.  Helena,  with  the  5od  Bri- 
tish regiment  (full  complement)  as  his  guard.  No 
person  was  permitted  to  board  the  Northumljei'- 
iar.d  but  the  British  consul,  a  Scotchman,  in  his  ca- 
pacity as  na\y  agent.  The  fleet  left  .Madeira,  Au- 
gust 26,  having  obtained  suj^plies. 

Tirrin,  .li/jritat  5. — The  journal  of  this  city  pub- 
lishes the  following  letters  which  were  intercepted* 
together  with  some  other  papers : 

Copy  of  a  letter  from  I.ucicn  Ronapartc  to  the  tirince^S 
Jiorq-hese. 
NEUTI.I.Y,  June  27. — Voii  must  liave  learned,  my 
dear  Pauline,  the  new  misfortunes  of  the  emperor, 
who  has  just  abdicated  in  fuor  of  liis  son.  He  is 
about  to  depart  for  the  United  States  of  Americn 
where  we  v.ill   rejoin  hint.     He  is  full  of  courage 


lie  made  G-ood  use   of  his  time 


during 


and  calmness  ;  I  siiall  endeavor  to  regain  mv  familr 
at  Rome,  in  order  to  conduct  it  to  America!  If  vour 
health  permit,  we  sliall  see  you  there.  Adieu,"  my 
dear  sister;  mother,  Joseph,  Jerome,  and  mvselt, 
embrace  you.     Yor.r  alFectionate  brother, 

LUCIEN. 

P.  S. — I  ha;,-c  retired  to  your  fine  estate  of  Neu- 
illy. 

Letter  frn-m  cardinal  Fevrh  lo  the  itame. 

Paris,  ,lune  28. — Lucien  set  oh'yesterd-'v  for  Ijon- 
don,  in  order  to  get  passports  for  the  rest'of  the  fa- 
mily. Josepli,  and  also  Jerome,  will  wait  for  their 
passports.  I^ucien  has  left  here  his  second  daurh- 
ter,  who  has  just  arrived  from  England  ;  she  will 
set  off  again  in  a  few  davs.  I  foresee  t!:e  United 
States  will  be  tiie  end  of  the  chace.  I  think  voii 
ought  to  remain  in  Italy;  but  recollect  that  cliaractcT 
is  one  of  the  most  estimable  gifts  of  the  Creator, 
with  which  he  has  enriched  your  family.  E.^ercisf; 
courage,  then,  and  strength  of  mind,  to  rise  supe- 
rior to  misfortune  ;  let  no  fconoiny  a[ipear  a  sacri- 
fice. At  tins  moment  v.e  are  all  poor.  Your  mother 
and  brothers  embrace  you      Yonr  ajfect  ion.ite  imde, 

Cu-d.imd  EESCJI. 
Independence  of  Franca  ! 

A  Paris  pnper,  of  August  2/;,  gives  thef  lUov.-ing 
as  "the  division  of  the  French  departments,  to  be 
occupied  by  the  troops  of  the  high  allied  powers." 
When  it  is  recollected  tliat  notliing  is  published  in 
the  French  papers  without  being  inspected  In'  ofH.. 
cers  of  the  government,  entire  reliance  may  be  pla- 
ced on  tlie  f..cts  as  g'iven  : — 
!      1.   Prussian  armv,  head-quarters  of  field -marshal 


Blucher  de  Wahlstadt,  Caen.     The  armv  will  occu» 


his  stay  at 
Paris.  It  was  considered  as  certain  that  sevend 
Waggons,  heavily  luden,  v/ere  sent  off  clandestinely 
from  the  Thuilleries  and  the  El}  see  Bourbon.  Eve- 1  py  the  departments  of  Finistere  IVforbihon,  Coles 
ry  body  was  pcrsu;ided  that  these  waggons  contained  dii  Nord,  Manche,  Ille  at  Yilaiiie,  Calvados,  Ordc, 
bullion  and  valuable  effects  ;  it  wasaddedlhat  thcv  I -Ma_\nnc,  Sr.rthe,  Eure  et  Luire,  Lower  Seine,  as 
proceeded  towaj'ds    the   coast,    and   nothing   was  lf.tr  its  the  right  bank  of  the  Seinc,Eure,  l.,ouet  Cher, 


1^2 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21,  1815 


Indre  et  Loire,  Maine  ct  Loire,  Lower  Loire,  us  far 
a»  the  rig-ht  bank  of  the  Loire. 

2.  The  Pi'ussian  army  will  occupy  in  common 
•with  the  English  and  Austrian  armies,  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Seine  and  of  the  Seine  ct  Oise,  as  far 
as  tlie  left  bank  of  the  Seine. 

3.  The  English  armies  and  that  of  theLow^Coun- 
tries,  field-marshal  duke  of  Wellington  has  his  head 
quarters  at  Paris.  The  army  will  occupy  the  de- 
partments of  the  Lower  Seine  et  Oise,  upon  the 
right  bank  of  the  Seine,  Lys  Xord,  Seine  et  ALu-ne, 
Sommc,  Pasde,  Calais  Oise. 

4.  Russum  army  :  head-quai'ters  of  field-marshal 
count  B;a-clay  de  Tolly,  .Melun.  Tlie  army  will  oc- 
cupy tlie  departments  of  Seine  et  Marne,  upon  the 
right  bank  of  the  Seine,  Aisne  Ardennes,  .Marne, 
Meuse  Moselle  Meurthe,  Haute  Marne,  tlie  fourth 
part,  I'Aube,  one  third. 

y  5.  Bavariun  army  :  head-riuarters  of  field-marshal 
prince  de  Wrede,  Anxerre.  The  army  will  occu- 
py the  department  of  tlie  Loiret,  and  as  fin-  as  the 
Lojie,  Yonnc,  Xicvre,  Aube,  the  two-thu'ds  Haute 
Marne,  the  thrce-foin-tlis,  Vosges. 

6.  The  troops  of  Wurtemburg,  and  of  llcsse 
I>.irmstadt,  under  orders  of  hishiglmess  the  prince 
royal  of  Wvu-tcmburg,  will  occupy  the  dcpa;-tments 
of  I'Allier,  and  of  Pay  de  Dome. 

r.  The  Austrian  army  :  head-quarters  of  neld- 
inarsli.al  prince  Schwartzcnbm-g,  Fontainlilean.  Tlie 
army  of  the  Upper  Rhine  wiii  occupy  tiic  dcpart- 
jtients  of  Cantai,  Lozere,  Gard  Lou*e,  Upper  Loire, 
Moutlis  of  the  lilioane,  Ya\icluse,  Lower  Alps,  Tar 
of 


of  artillery,  was  at  the  time  of  its  disbanding  60,000, 
Auffust  12 — Po/((?i(ihas  cordially  submitted  to  Rus- 
sia, agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  the  great  treaty 
of  Vienna.  Prince  SuJhowski  has  laid  the  homage 
and  oaths  of  the  army  of  Poland  at  the  feet  of  ^fex. 
avder,  as  emperor  of  all  the  Russias  and  king  of  Po. 
land. 

The  Danish  army  left  Altona  on  the  olst  of  July,- 
for  France,  to  join  the  head-quarters  of  the  duke  of 
IVeUwgton,  near  Paris. 

Aiignifit  4. — The  trial  of  the  Bonapartean  officer,, 
who  commanded  in  Conde,  for  the  m\u-der  of  th« 
Rriiish  general  Oordnn,  who  carried  a  summons  for 
the  surrender  of  the  place,  occasions  much  exciter 
mcnt.  Some  palliations  of  the  conduct  of  this  com- 
mander  having  appeared  in  the  Gazette  de  France, 
the  brother  of  the  gcneralhas  addressed  the  follow-:' 
hig  note  to  tiie  editor  : 

Parin,  August  3,  1815. 
"Stn — The  military  assassination  committed  on'" 
the  person  of  adjutant  general  Gordon,  at  Conde, 
will  form  the  sidyect  of  a  trial,  whicl*  will  exhibit, 
in  a  clear  light,  the  true  circumstances  which  pre- 
ceded and  accompanied  that  crime.  It  is  in  vain  that 
his  assassins  endeavor  to  avert  public  indignation  by 
their  misrepresentations.  No  imprudence  was  com- 
mitted by  their  victim.  If  he  was  not  accompanied 
b_\'  a  trumpeter,  it  will  appear  on  the  trial,  that  he 
neither  could  nor  ought  to  have  had  one  at  that  mo- 
ment. Besides,  such  a  circumstance  could,  at  fiir- 
thest,  have  only  excused  their  firmg  upon  and  kill-j 
ing  Mr,  Gordon  before  he   entered  tlie  town;  b«" 


The  armv  of  Itidy  will  occupy  tl-.e  dci^artnicnts  of  having  reached  the  presence  of  the  military  chie 
Cote  d'o'r,  T'ppcrSoanc,  Soane'  et  Loire ,.lura,  Doubs,  i  \\  ho  dared  to  condemn  him  to  death,  who  brought  to 
Bhone,  Ain,  Mont  Blanc  Isere,  Ardechc,    Dionio,  jllicm,  in  the  king's  name,  the  pardon  of  their  trea. 
Upper  Alps 


8.  The  Saxon  troops  and  those  of  Baden,  wlU  oc- 
cupy the  departments  of  the  Upper  and  Lower 
aniline. 

CC/'There  is  not  in  this,  iiowever,  any  arrange- 
ment for  the  Spaniards,  who  arc  pouring  into  the 
South  of  France,  most  gallantly  ! 

Parif:,  Angiist  19. — At  tlie  moment  thr  king  as- 
cended his  carri.agc  at  4  o'clock  this  day,  Madame 
Labcdoycre  tlirew  hcTSclf  at  his  feet,  to  solicil  par- 
don for'hcr  husband.  Tlie  king  answered,  that  if 
M.  Labcdoyerc  liad  only  ofi'cmled  him,  liis  pardon 
should  be  "granted ;  but  that  all  France  called 
for  the  punishment  of  the  man  who  had  brought 
upon  it  all  the  liorrors  o?  war.  His  majesty  was 
very  much  affcded,  and  it  was  to  be  seen  how  mucli 
he  suffered  from  being  obliged  to  resist  the  impulses 
of  his  licart.  Tl-.e  king,  wlio  knows  how  to  unite 
goodness  and  justice,  deigned  to  promise  Madame 
JLabtdoyere  his  ])rotection  for  her  and  her  infant. 

At  6  o'clock,  the  moment  when  the  king  was  re- 
luming from  his  ride,  the  mother  of  Labedoyere 
was  in  the  court  of  the  chateau,  for  the  purpose  of 
trying  her  intercession  with  his  majesty.  Seeing 
that  measures  v.cre  taken  for  preventing  her  a]v 
proacliing  him,  and  renewing  a  scene  as  painful  as 
useless,  slie  retired.     Sue  was  in  deep  mourning.', 

A!apist20. — Yesterday  evening  colonel  Labedo- 
yere arrived  at  the  spot  designed  for  his  execution, 
"where  he  fell  on  his  knees  and  received  the  bless- 
ings of  his  confessor,  who  accompanied  him  ;  after 
wliich  he  rose,  and  without  waiting  for  the  band- 
age being  placed  over  his  eyes,  l)ared  his  bosom  to 
the  veterans  who  were  appointed  to  shoot  Jiim,  and 
cried  out : — Sui-:oiU  ne  me  maiupiez  pas — (m.iud,  do 
not  miss  me.)     In  a  moment  after  he  was  no  more. 

The  cavalry  of  the  anny  of  tlie  Loire  has  its  can- 
tonments h\  the  dejiartmcnts  of  Tarn  and  Garonne. 
"•'his  army,  v.liich  hr.sprcservcclto  France 500 pieces 


son,  tlie  absence  of  a  trumpeter  was  a  mere  defect 
of  form  whicli  had  receivwl  its  explanation. 

"No,  it  was  a  flag  of  truce  sent  in  the  name  ol 
the  king,  to  summon  Conde  to  surrender;  it  was  an 
oiTiccr  invested  witli  the  external  signs  of  hij  rank, 
and  the  bearer  of  papers  authorising  his  mission, 
tliat  these  cowards  massacred.  It  was  a  militai'j 
commission  that  condemned  men  to  be  shot. 

"He  wliom  death  has  thus  deprived  of  the  best  cl 
brotlicrs,  v.hile  he  stifles  his  grief,  fixes  his  cjxb 
with  confidence  on  the  throne  of  a  monarch  as  just 
as  good,  before  whose  face  the  most  odious  of 
crimes  will  not  remain  unpunished. 

(Signed)  "JAMES  GORDON.'' 

-  London,  Aug.  11. — By  advices  from  Genoa,  to  tlip 
15th  .lulv,  upwards  of  20  small  privateers  M'ere  out 
n-om  Porto  Ferrajo,  [isle  of  El/ju]  infesting  those 
seas,  and  greatly  hitcrrupthig  tlie  trade;  two  vessels, 
one  from  Trieste  to  Leghorn,  and  the  other  from 
Leghorn  to  Tunis,  are  said  to  have  been  captured 
by  them. 

'  The  Vry  Zee,  Riedyke,  from  Lisbon  to  the  Baltic, 
has  been  taken  liy  an  Algerine  frigate  and  was  car- 
ried into  Algiers  on  the  3d  of  June. 

August  20.— It  it  intimated  from  Brussels,  tliati 
the  expected  occupation  by  the  allies,  of  the  second 
line  of  the  French  fortresses  (Valenciennes,  Conde, 
&c.)   has  created  a  great  sensation  in  the  north  cj 
France. 

From  Vienna,  it  is  said  that  all  the  armies  of  re- 
serve have  been  ordered  to  march   to   France;  like-,. 
Nnse  a  park  of  artillery  from  Olmutz.  ^  I 

August  23  —In  the  foreign  neA\'s,  in  the  French ' 
papers,  under  the  head  of  Austria,  there  is  a  protest 
dated  Viciuia,  11th  June,  by  the  mediatised  princes 
(the  inferior  states  formerly  comprised  under  the 
denomination  of  the  confederation  of  the  Rhine,)] 
against  the  decision  of  tiie  congress  of  Vienna.  The 
protest  it>   couched  in  t,lie  .^.trpni^'-est  terms  of  Tt^ 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  EVENTS. 


133 


htoisSrance,  and  shows  that  the  great  powers  com- 
^sing  the  confederacy  have  not  satisfied  all  par- 
tits  by  theii-  balancmg  decisions.  It  would  appear 
also  that  the  ]\\ng  of  Prussia  aiul  the  sovereign 
prince  of  the  Netherlands  arc  likely  to' disagree 
about  the  new  p;u-titions.  His  Prussian  majesty  has 
an  eye  to  more  of  the  Be!g-:an  teniiory,  tliaii  his 
Dutch  ally  is  willing  to  surrendei-,  and  wants  tliC 
sovereij:^!  prince  to  get  indemnified  from  France, 
bv  tlie  help  of  England!  Modesty  and  moderation 
we  belie;e,  are  not  reckoned  among  the  political 

virtues. 

There  is  one  commercial  house  in  this  city, 
which  pays  4000=^  a  year  for  tlie  postage  of  foreign 
letters. 

Tea  tons  of  silver,  tlie  property  of  a  single  house 
in  this  city,  has  been  lately  melted  down  for  ex- 
portation. 

The  princess  of  Wales  has  purchased  a  fine  seat 
belonging  to  general  Pino,  and  situated  on  the 
beautiful  and  picturesque  Lag-o  di  Como,  m  the 
Milanese,  where  it  is  said  her  royal  highness  intends 
to  fix  her  residence.  It  is  about  20  miles  from  Milan, 
»nd  one  of  the  most  delightful  spots  in  the  universe. 

Four  vessels,  three  uhder  Portuguese,  and  one 
under  Spanish  colors,  have  been  captured  on  the 
coast  of  Africa,  by  his  IJritannic  majesty's  sloop 
Brisk — they  were  trafticing  in  the  hoiTid  slave 
trade,  and'  had  about  700  wretched  creatures  on 
board. 

Murat  at  Toulon,  in  July,  sent  a  request  to  ad- 
miral lord  Exmouth,  to  be  received  on  board  the 
British  fleet.  The  admiral  offered  to  receive  him, 
but  would  make  no  promise  for  his  ultimate  des- 
tination.— [  Official.] 

It  was  said  Murat  afterwards  set  out  for  Pied- 
mont. 

The  duke  of  Orleans  has  returned  to  England. 
It  is,  probably,  thought  inexpedient  that  he  should  re- 
side in  France,  as  a  faction  had  shewn  a  disposition 
to  make  use  of  liim. 

Price  of  Bullion,  London,  ^ivgnst  15. 


m^iv  Mymt$t 


Bortiigal  gold  in  coin,  per  oz. 
Foreign  gold  in  bars, 
New  doubloons, 
Ifew  dollars, 
Stocks. — 3  per  cent.  cons.  56  1-3  a  56^ 


h  8. 

4  9 

4  9 

4  4 

0  5 


Of  the  first  levy  of  100  millions  of  francs  in  France 
to  pay  for  its  delixvrance,  Paris  was  required  lo  p.ny 
30,  and  Bordeaux  5  millions — for  general  use,  a  five- 
francs  may  be  considered  a«  ^1.  Tliis  requisition 
has  immensely  cooled  tlic  zeal  of  the  royalists  of 
Bordeaux — but  when  the  second,  and  tlie  third,  and 
the  fourth,  and  t!ic  fifUi,  and  the  sixth  like  puy- 
ments  shall  be  required — wc  tiiink  they  will  se- 
riously tlnnk  of  that  sort  of  patriotism  that  invites 
insolent  foreigners  to  settle  domestic  questions  of 
right. 

t  Tlie  British  ministerial  papers  are  loud  in  their 
dictations  of  wh.at  the  king  of  France  shall  do. — 
They  have  designated  many  persons,  l)y  name,  wlio 
must  be  executed,  ami  spoken  of  others  whonnr^t  be 
expelled  from  a  participation  in  the  afi'airs  of  the 
king's  government.  Fottchc  appears,  however,  to 
have  made  a  jierfect  amnesty  withthoie  folks. 

Catholic  emancipation.  It  is  stated  that  a  bill  will 
be  introduced  into  the  British  pariian\tnt  giving 
"itn(jiiaiififd^'  emancipation  to  British  Itoman  Ca- 
tholic subjects  in  Ireland,  reser\!lng  to  the  cro-ivnthe 
payment  of  the  clergif.  .Vnd  no  doul)t  the  priest;,  if 
paid  as  well,  will  become  ;iS  lojal  subjects  as  their 
firotestant brethren "moaev  dees  the  Jju'Khics!;." 


Or,  matters  belonging  to  the  late  war. 

BATTLE    OF    XTAGATIA. 

We  have  been  requested  to  publish  the  following 
letter  of  general  Buov/n  to  generals  Porteh  and 
MiLLi-u,  and  their  reply. — Boston  Patriot. 

Head-Quarters,  Biiffaloe,Jubj  28,  1815- 
Major  general  Poiiteu,  and 
Brig,  general  Milleh, 

Gentlemen — Xot  a  doubt  resting  upon  my  mind, 
but  that  the  enemy  were  defeated  and  driven  fromi 
tiie  field  of  battle  on  the  25th  of  last  July  near  the 
Falls  of  Niagara,  leaving  us  In  peaceable  possession 
ofthc  whole  of  his  artillery,  I  have  upon  all  occasions 
so  stated.  I.earnlng  that  some  diversity  of  opinion 
has  appeared  upon  tlils  subject  so  Inte,  estlag  to  the 
army,  I  have  to  request  of  you,  gentlemen,  to  state 
your  view  of  this  subject.  You  remained  upon  the 
field  afer  I  had  left  it,  and  know  if  the  enemy  did 
or  did  not  appear  when  our  army  marched  off;  or  if 
a  gun  was  fired  for  a  consider;'.ble  time  before  the 
army  moved  upon  its  taking  up  the  line  of  march, 
or  on  its  way  to  camp,  I  do  not  enquire  of  you 
who  were  the  heroes  of  this  day,  or  wliat  corps 
])artlcularly  distinguished  themselves;  but  I  call 
upon  you  to  vindicate  the  f^^Ir  and  honest  fame  of 
the  army — of  that  gallant  army,  which  has  done  so 
mucJi  to  exalt  the  national  character.  It  is  believed 
that  no  equal  number  of  men  have  ever  done  more. 
Do  not  permit  Its  glory  to  be  tarnished  by  the  faults 
or  the  follies  of  its  commanders.  We  have  none  of 
us  any  claims  to  infallibility.  The  victory  aclileved 
w:us  by  Americans;  and  that  fact  being  establislied 
is  all  that  concerns  the  horior  of  the  country  or  the 
reputation  of  her  arms. 

Very  respectfullv,  your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  "    '  JACOB  BIIOWN. 

ANSWEU. 

Buffaloc,  July  29th,  1815. 

Sir — In  ansv/cr  to  your  letter  of  this  date,  we  Jiave 
no  hesitation  in  .saying  tliat,  in  our  opinion,  the. 
character  of  every  Incident  attending  the  battle 
near  Niagara  F.dls,  and  particularly  the  mode  of 
Its  termination,  exliibits  clear  and  unequivocal 
evidence  that  it  resulted  in  a  d.ecisivc  victor}-  on  the 
part  ofthc  American  army. 

We  found  the  enemy  in  possession  of  a  com- 
manding eminence,  in  the  centre  of  open  and 
extensive  fields,  without  any  Vvoods,  ravines,  or- 
otlier  cover  sufiiciently  near  to  favor  our  att.ack; 
and  supported  by  9  pieces  of  field  ordnance — 
from  this  position  tlicy  VvCre  driven  at  the  pohit 
of  the  bajonct,  with  the  loss  of  all  their  artille- 
ry. Aficr  our  army  had  possessed  itself  of  tlieir 
position  and  artillery,  the  cnem.y  received  rein- 
forcements,  ^nd  made  not  less  t'iim  three  deliberate, 
well  arranged,  and  desper..tc  cliarges  to  regain 
them  :  in  each  of  wliicii  lie  was  driven  back  iii 
C'jnfusion,  with  the  loss  of  many  prisoners;  but  the 
darkness  of  tlie  niglit  arid  tlie  surrounding  woods 
did  not  permit  our  army  to  avail  itself  as  it  might 
under  the  circumstances  of  these  repeated  suc- 
cesses. 

The  battle  commenced  a  little  before  sunset  and 
terminated  at  near  eleven  o'clock,  .\fcer  the  ene- 
my disappeared  for  the  last  time,  they  exhibited, 
eviilcnee  uf  great  confusion  by  distant  and  scattered 
firing  in  tlie  woods,  and  our  troups  were  drawn  up 
in  great  order  on  the  field  of  b.tttle,  forming  three 
iddes  of  a  hollow  square,  with  the  vrhole  of  our 
own  and  tlie  enemy's  artillery  in  the  centre.  In 
tltrs  s'ti-uation  wc  teinaiued  for  more  than  sn  hofir; 


1$^    NILE3'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21,  1815. 


and  in  our  opinion  the  troops  ^rere  in  a  condition       May  you,  youi-  ofScers  and  crew,  long  live  t6  etjj 
to  act  with  more  decisive  effect  tliun  at  air,'  fonner  joy  the  hiarels  you  so  nobly  won. 
period  of  the  contest.     During-  this  interval  we  dO;     I  h;ivc  the  honor  to  be,  with  hifi^h  consideration  of 
not  recollect  to  have  heard  a  gun,  or  seen  any  other  respect  and  esteem,  sir,  your  most  olvlicnt  servant,^ 
indication  of  the   enemy's  being-  near   us;   and.  at  ISAAC  SHELBY. 

the  close  of  it  the  arniy  retu-ed  slowly  to  camp   Capt.  Sam!.  C.  lieid,  late  commandv 


sii'j  very  respectfully,   your    obedient 


three  miles  distant,  without  any  molestation  l)y, 
er  appciu-ance  of  a  foe.  "We  left  on  the  field  the 
enemy's  artillery  and  other  tropliies  of  victory, 
which  were  at  tlie  time  of  leaving  it,  and  had 
been  for  a  long,  time  beibie  in  om-  undisturbed 
gyissession, 
We  are 
s.$i'vants. 

(Signed)  PETER  B.  POllTFll. 

(Signed)  JAAIE.S  MILLER. 

'J'o  thi  Editors  of  the  ^dci-cantile  Advertiser. 
Gi;xTLE.MEX — I  ha;idyou  for  publication  a  letter, 
\\Oiich  was  received  in  my  absence  from  the  coun- 
tf),  from  his  excellency  governor  Shelby,  of  Ken- 
tijcky.  Since  my  return  sickness  has  prevented  an 
cai'lier  attention  to  its  publication;  As  the  senti- 
ments which  it  expresses  arc  generiil  widi  re;,p^ct 
to  our  n:tvy  and  private  armed  vessels,  I  conceive  it 
my  dut}-,  for  that  reason,  to  give  it  publicity 
it  is  likewise  dae  to  the  oificers  and  crev.'  of  the 
fieneral  Annstro)',g,  thus  to  make  known  to  them 
the  approbation  of  his  excclicncv. 

'SAM.  C.  REID. 
JVtr.v-Yorh,  Oct.  13,  1815. 

raAXKFCKD,  (Kt.)  :^Iay  8, 1815. 
SiH — The  return  of  peace  to  our  country,  upon 
ttonorable  terms,  with  a  national  character  exalted 


of  the  U.  S.  privateer  General  ^IrnisfrfDj. 

DEFKNCK    OF  STONINGTOS. 

The  defence  of  Stonington  by  a  handful  of  brave 
citizens,  was  more  like  an  <.-ir"usion  of  feeling,  warra( 
from  the  heart,  than  a  concerted  militaiy  movcf- 
mxcnt.  The  result  of  it  we  all  know,  and  it  affori 
ded  sincere  delight  to  every  patriot.  But  the  par- 
ticidars  we  have  never  seen  so  accurately  describ- 
ed as  in  the  followi:ig  concise  narrative  from  lh€5-' 
chairman  of  the  committee  of  defence  to  the  secie- 
tary  of  war,  of  which  we  have  been  favored  with? 
a  copy  for  publication. j\''tit  Int. 

To  the  hou.  ii'ni.  H.   Crawfurd,  secretary  of  war. 
hTo>jNGTo.\  Boaonim,  Aug- 21,  1815. 

Sm — The  former    secretary  of  wai-  jjut  into  my 

CLfl-e,  as  chairman  of  the  committee  of  defence,  ih«' 

two  18  ])ounders,  and  all  the  numitions  of  war,  that 

Was  here,  be'tong-int^-  to  the  general  government,  t* 

and  1  be  used  for  the  defence  of  the  town— and  I  gave  my 


receipt  for  the  same. 

As  there  is  no  military  officer  here,  it  becomes 
my  dutv  to  inform  vou  tlie  use  we  have  uiade  of  it. 
Tiuit  oii  the  9th  of  August  last,  the  R.imilies  74^ 
llie  Pi.ctolus  44,  the  Terror  bomb-sluj:),  iUid  the 
Despatcligun  brig,  ancliored  off  the  harbor.  Com- 
modore Uardv  sent  ofi'a  boat,  with  a  flag  ;  wejnet 
him  with  another  from  the  shore,  when  the  oiucei^ 

■'vA  an  eminent  degree,  affords  us  leism-e  to  review  j  of  the  flag  handed  me  a  note  from  commodore  ll;u^- 
the  various  conflicts  in  winch  that  characier  has|dy,  iufbrmmg  that  one  hour  was  given  the  unof- 
Lccn  developed. 

On  the  ocean,  where  we  had  most  to  dread,  we 
have  found  a  rich  harvest  of  glory  ;  and  the  Ameri- 
can tars  have  secured  to  tiiemsclves  the  admiration 
of  the  world.  To  the  officers  and  crews  of  our 
gubiic  vessels,  r.iuch  is  due;  and  the  nation,  through 
its  public  functionaries,  and  in  otner  forms,  lias 
fully  demo]isu-ated  its  gratitude.  We  are  not  less 
Indebted  to  the  officers  and  crews  of  our  private 
ai'med  vessels — instances  of  talents,  skill,  discipline 


fending  inhabitants,  before  the  town  would  be  dc-- 
stro\  cd. 

We  letumed  to  the  shore,  where  all  the  male 
inhabitants  were  collected,  when  I  read  the  note 
aloud ;  thev  all  exclaimed,  they  would  defend  the 
pi.ice  to  the  last  extremity,  and  if  it  was  destroyed^- 
thev  would  be  buried  in  the  ruins. 

VVe  repaired  to  a  small  buttery  that  we  had  hove 
up — nailed  our  colors  to  the  fi:. 
the  shore  with  their  muskets. 


-J^ — others  lined; 


situations  might  iiave  presented  to  ordinary  minds 
sufncient  inducement  for  avoiding*  the  contest,  no- 
t-hiVig  but  a  generous  and  noble  p.urioiism  could 
hiave  led  to  sucli  deeds  ;  I  have  no  reason  to  believe 
that  the  nation  at  large  is  not  fully  impressed  with 
the  gratitude  due  to  this  class  of  oiu-nerocs.  But 
rhave  rejrretted  that  there  lias  been  so  fevv-  demon- 
atra 
thou 


and  of  a  deternuned  unconquerable  bravery   havej     At  about  seven  in  tlie  evening-,  they  pat^  on  five 
been  manifested  by  our  privateerbUien  ;  when  their  b.irges  and  a  lia-ge  lainich,  carrying  from  o2  to  9  lb,- 

carronades  in  tneir  bows,  and  opened  their  hrc 
from  their  shippmg,  with  bombs,  carcasses,  rock-- 
ets,  round,  grape  and  cannister  shot,  and  sent  their 
boats  to  land  under  cover  of  their  fire.  We  let  therff 
come  w  ithin  small  grape  distance,  when  we  opened 
our  fire  uponlhem,  from  our  two  18  poimders  witlr 

„ ,ro-and  and  grape  shot;  they  soon  retreated  out  ol 

atioiis'of  tliat  sentiment ;  you  will,  therefore,  al.}gr.  pe  distance,  and  attempted  a  laniling  on  the  cast 

mgh  a  stranger  to  vv>u,  permit  me  '^o-:  nnseif,  in-^sideoftl^e  village;  wedrag-geda  sixpounaerthaLwe 

"'"'"""  .--.-.  had  moimted  over,  and  met  them  with  grape,  an* 

all  our  mubkets  opened  tlieir  fire  on  tlicm,  so  tliafr 
tliey  were  willing  to  rotre.at  the  second  imic.  Taey 
contmued  their  tire  'till  11  at  night. 

The  next  morning  at  seven  o'clock,  the  brig  Des- 
patch ancliored  witirln  jiistol  shot  of  our  battery,. 
and  tl;ey  sent  five  barges  and  two  large  launches,  to 
land  under  cover  of  their  whole  hre  (being  joined 
by  the  Nimrod  20  gun  brig.)  When  tlie  boats  ap- 
proached within  grape  distance,  we  opened  our  fire 
prcjjjc-ct  of  success  to  yourself  ;Jid  crew,  and  tlie  j  on  them  with  round  and  grape  shot;  they  retreatea- 
uiiTLa-aiieled  disparity  ofloss,  demonstrated  a  com- 1  and  came  round  the  east  side  of  the  town;  we^checK- 
bin'ation  of  talenis,  skill  and  heroism,  seldom  eq-aal-  cd  them  with  our  six  po-jndcr  and  muskets,  'till  W€ 
lal,  and  never  surpassed.  dragged  over  one  of  our  18  pounders— we  put  m  a 

I  trust  our  government  will  lose  no  tin>c  in  de-  round  shot,  and  about  40  or  SO  lb.  of  grape,  ano 

vessel  ami  her  placed  it  in  tlie  centre  of  their  boats  as  they  ^^'®'*- 
rejcctite;!  with  [  rowing  up  in  a  line  and  fu-ing  onus  ;  we  tore  one  O" 
thcu"  l^argCi  ail  in  pieces— 'SO  "Jiutt-A-aj  one  on  cacK' 


dividually,  and  on  belialf  thestiitc  ove*:  which  1  hav 
Xhe  honor  to  preside,  to  assure  you  that  the  eonduci 
of  yo'axself  and  of  your  ofticei'S  and  crew  in  defence 
of  the  General  Arm.';troiig,  in  the  port  ofFayal,  m.c- 
:;-it.sthe  first  applause  ox"  liie  nation,  and  is  duly  ap- 
pis-ciatcd  by  o-ar  citi.-cnc. 

No  one  conliict  during  the  war  lias  placed  the 
American  character  in  so  j)roud  a  view. 

The  baseness  of  the  attack  in  a  neutral  port,  the 
©verwhcinung  force  of  the  assailants  ;    the  small 


Dianding  a  fair  remuneration  of  the 
apparel,  i?cc.  and  tliut  it  \yill   be  prej 
tri'ect. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRO>^ICLE. 


side   had  to  lash  her  up  to  keep  her  from  sinking-,    of  tlieiJruitih  squadron  on  UceChaitiplain,  and  to  try 
'f  hev  retreated  out  of  grape  distance,  and  we  turn-  \  capl.  Prin^-,  the  next  senior  ofticer  at ler  the  death  oi" 
■      ■    ■  1  1    1     11  ■  capi.  Downie,  and  the  officers  under  his  command 


ley u     . 

ed  our  fii-e  upon  tlie  brig-,  and  expended  all  oiu- 
cartridges  but  five,  wlucU  we  reserved  for  the  boats, 
if  they  made  another  attempt  to  land.  We  then  lay 
four  hours  witliout  being  able  to  annoy  the  enemy 
in  the  least,  except  from  muskets  on  the  brig,  while 
the  fire  from  the  whole  Heet  was  directed  against 
om-  buildings.  After  the  third  express  to  Xcw- 
LoiKion,  some  fi:ced  ammunition  arrived  ;  we  then 
turned  our  cannon  on  the  brig,  and  she  soon  cat  her 
c'able  and  drifted  out. 

The  whole  fleet  then  weighed,  and  anchored 
nearly  out  of  reach  of  otu-  sliot,  and  contijtued  this 
and  the  next  day  to  bombard  the  town. 

They  set  the  buildhigs  on  fire  in  more  than  twen- 
ty places,  and  we  as  often  put  them  out.  In  the 
three  days  bombardment  they  sent  on  shore  6U  tons 
of  Bietal,  and  strange  to  tell,  wounded  only  one 
man,  since  dead.  We  have  picked  up  15  tons,  in- 
cluding some  that  was  taken  up  out  of  tlie  water, 
and  the  two  anchors  that  we  got.  W&took  up  and 
biu-ied  rbiu-  poor  fellows  that  were  hove  overbo;a'd 
out  of  tlie  sinking  barge. 

Since  peace,  tiie  officers  of  the  Despatch  brig 
have  been  on  shore  here  ;  they  aclcnowledge  tliey 
had  21  killed,  and  50  badly  wounded  ;  and  furtlier 
say,  had  we  continued  our  tire  any  longer,  tliey  sliould 
have  struck,  for  they  were  ia  a  sinking  condition, 
for  the  wind  then  blew  at  S.  W.  directly  into  the 
harbor. 


Before  the  ammunition  arrived,  it  shifted 
round  to  north,  and  blew  out  of  the  liarboiu-.  All 
tiie  shot  suitable  for  the  cannon  we  have  reserved. 
We  have  now  more  18  poimd  shot  than  was  sent 
U3  bv  government.  We  have  ]3ut  tlys  two  cannon 
in  the  arseiial,  and  housed  all  the  muni'.ions  of 
war. 

l^'jiidon,  JiL^imC  22.— The  sentence  of  the  court 
martial  upon  tlie  honorable  colonel  Mullins,has  been 
sent  over  from  Dublin,  for  the  approbation  of  the 
prhice  regent.     The  trial  lasted  twenty-^ix  days. 

J\\ival  courts  mai  tial. — On  Monday  week  a  court 
martial  was  held  at  Portsmouth  on  captain  Stephen 
Popliam,  late  acting  captain  of  the  iiontrcal,  in  tlie 
lakes  in  Canada,  for  hriving,  contrary  to  a  verbal 
order  of  commodore  sir  James  Lucas  Yeo,  attacked 
a  flotilla  of  American  boats,  in  a  creek  on  that  lake, 
which  were  proceeding  from  Osv.ego  to  S^ackett's 
Harbor,  witli  stores   of  every  description   for  the 
eciuipment  of  a  large  ship  that  v.as  building  in  the 
latter  liarbor.     The  court  dete-i-mincd,  tiuit  a  ver- 
bal order  iiad  been  given  to  Ci4>tain  Pop'iam  not  t(S 
go  into  any  creek,  in  his  endeavor  to  intercept  tlie 
expected  boats  with  stores  ;  but  that  iiaving  miex- 
pectedly  found  them  in  Sandy  Creek,  and  having 
beenigreatiy  reinforced,  by  taking  under  his  orders 
a  division  of  armed  !ioats,  under  captidu  Spilsbury, 
and  in  a  manner  wliicSi  could  not  have  been  contem- 
plated by  sir  J.iii*cs  L.  Yeo,  he  was  fully  justiiled 
in  making  tiie  attack  wliich  he  did,  under  the  con- 
sideration of  the  i:i!portance  it  was  to  the  service 
tliat  the  boats  sJiould  not  reach  Sackett's  Hiyi-borp 
and  therefore,  adjudged  him  to  be  acquitteit. 

The  court  could  not  forbe;.r  stating-  t.'ieir  regret, 
that  sir  James  L.  Yeo  should  have  used  such  re- 
pro:xhfuI  expressions  in  his  letter  to  the  admiralty, 
which  stated  captahi  Popliam's  capture  ;  and  also 
their  high  disapprobation  of  the  severe  iniputik  i; 
contahied  hi  caj>tain  P's.  dtfc-nce  ag-aiiisL  Jiis  ip. 
manding  officer,  for  having  offered  iiimscif  as  a 
witness  in.  the  support  of  the  charg-es — v.-hich  it  was 
his  duty  to  do. 

^  A  court  martial  was  held  on  Friday  and  Saturday 
■tS  enquire  into  the  Circu»isvitvic«ii  attciidi:?^  the  loss 


for  the  same.  The  prosecution  closed  on  Satiu-day 
aflei-noon,  and  yesterday  the  several  officers  woulOi 
make  their  defence.  It  appeared,  from  the  proceed- 
ings, that  two  of  the  oiHcers  w!io  ought  also  to  iiave 
been  sent  on  their  trial  did  not  appear,  viz.  lieut. 
Rayot,  wlio  afterwards  deserted  to  the  enemy,  and 
has  since  been  struck  out  of  the  list  of  lieutenants;- 
and  lieut.  M'Kee,  whose  residence  is  not  known. 

l}ieJ,  m  Porthmd,  Me.  lieut.  KiKVi?f  WiTEUs,  ot 
the   United  States  navy,  aged  18.  The   situatioa 
of  this  gallant  young   officer   has   been   peculiarly' 
Interesting.  A  midshipman  on  board  the  Enterprize 
at  the  time  of  her  capturing  the  13oxcr,  he  con- 
ducted himself  in  that  memorable  engagement  as 
ooi-  otlier  naval  officers  always  do,  wiieii  duiy  calls 
and  danger  is  near — with  the  greatest  coolness  and 
intrepidity.     He  tliere  received  a  dangerous  wound, 
and,  from  the   disabilities  and  painful  effects    of 
which,  lingered  until  the  26th  ult.  when  he  breathed 
his  last.  A  sympathy  for  sufferings  almost  imprece- 
dented,  and  greater  than  it  could  have  been  sup- 
posed htunan  nature   was  capable  of  endurhig  for 
such  a  lengtii   of  time,   had  attracted  around  the 
stranger  a  very  numerous  and  respectable  acquaint- 
ance of  the  young  gentlemea  of  tlie  town.     Their 
friendship   and  attacl'.r.ient  have  been  strongly   ri- 
vettedb)-  an  amiable  disposition,  virtuous  prhiciples, 
manly  deportment,  a  mind  vigorous  and  intelligent 
by  nature,  and  highly  improved  by  education.  Their 
attention  towards  him  inv.'atchingovcr  iiis  sleepless 
nights,  and  in  rendering  all  the  kindness  of  life  luid 
the    civilities   of  social   intercourse   to    his  relief 
and  comfort,   have  been  tender,  .%fi..ctioiiate,  and 
unremitted. — Thus  has  been  cut  off  in  early  bloom  a 
yoimg  officerofgreatracritand promise.  Hi:,  feelings 
of  piety  and  views   of  eternity  v/cre  those  of  ;> 
Christian — resigned  to   tlie  will   of  his,  God    and 
depending  wliolly  on  the  n;erits  of  oin*  lioly  lie- 
d.eemer  for  the  s;dvatioii  of  his  soal. — Povtl.  Ar^u'L 
[Lieut.  Waters  was  a  native  of  tiie  city  of  Waslt- 
ngton,  and  sou  of  William  V.'aters,  Esq.] 


CHltONlCLi::. 

Commodore  Barney  arrived  at  Baltimore  from 
London,  a  few  days  ago,  witji  despatclies. 

Artliur  O'  Coniicr  has  been  killed  ia  a  duel  with  a 
certain  llowan  Cash  el. 

JS'exu-  York,  t>ct.  11.  It  is  rumored  t!iat  the  Frank- 
lin and  Washington,  U.  S.  sliipsof  tlie  line,  are  to  b- 
equipped  for  servic*  iiiriawii.li,  and  tliat  they  will 
liave  orders  to  cruise  rdong  our  coast  tor  the  protec- 
tion of  our  commerce.  Sec. 

From  thf  .MdiUterranrau.  The  Congress  frigate, 
captain  Morris,  arrived  at  Carthagcna  about  the 
9tli  of  August,  from  Flushing,  ancl  proceeded  up 
the  Mediterranean  with  the  second  squadron,  un- 
der commodore  Baiiibridg-e,  to  visit  tlie  B.arbary 
powers.  Tiie  squadron  consisted  of  the  Indepen- 
dence 74,  Congress,  36,  Erie  sloop  of  war,  Chippe- 
wa brig,  and  the  hennaphrodito  brig  Spark,  lUiA 
sailed  from  CiU'thaH-eiui  on  the  IStli  August. 

Commodore  Decatur's  squadron  Was  aaily  .e;c- 
pectcd  at  Cartliagena,  from  whence  tliat  gallant  of- 
iicer,  accordhig  to  previous  aiTangementL',  wotdd 
return  to  the  U.  States; 

The  Dutcli  fleet,  three  74's,  3  frigates  and  3  brig.s, 
was  before  Algiei-s;  bui  his  ''highness  the  c/rt/"  seem- 
ed dispiiscd  to  contest  his  rip/U  cf  impressment  with 
Lliem,  tJiough  he  gave  it  uo  so  e4si!y  to  the  'bitoi" 
striped  banting.' 


156    NILES' WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  21,    I6l5. 


We  feai-  it  is  a  dreadful  certainty  that  the  Eper- 
vier  must  h.ive  been  lost  in  some  of  the  late  gales. 
\V'l)ere  is  the  iVasp? — where  the  Peacock? 

Mr.  Giles.  Tlie  Norfolk  Ledger  tells  us  that  Mr. 
Giles  will  resifjn  iiis  sent  in  the  senate  of  tlie  United 
States. 

Sir  George  ^Murray  is  appointed,  by  tlie  British 
government,  governor-general  of  the  Canadas. 

J\ew-Jersetf  election. — "I'he  republicans  have  suc- 
ceeded in  this  state  with  a  larger  majority  than  they 
had  last  year.     Particulars  hereafter. 

Grand  squirrel  hunt. — Sometime  about  the  latter 
part  of  Scptcnlber,  a  party  of  gentlemen  in  Martin 
County,  Xortli  Carolina,  twenty  in  mnnbcr,  ten  on 
a  side,  killed,  for  a  l)el  of  a  "barbacuc  and  trim- 
mings," in  two  days,  upwards  of  1570  squirrels  ; 
and  one  gentleman  of  the  party,  in  particular,  killed 
in  one  day  74  ;  a  number  far  surpassing  any  vv(  ever 
recollect  to  have  heard  of  before,  in  the  same  space 
cf  time. 

.'i pirate.  By  the  arrival  of  the  ship  Sapor,  c.apt. 
Ilogers,  from  N.  Orleans  at  Charleston,  we  iearntbat 
the  PlilZE  carried  into  that  port,  was  a  pilot-boat 
Echr.  of  about  90  tons,  mounting  one  12  pr.  on  a  pi- 
vot; had  been  out  cruising  for  15  da3S  without  any 
conunission.  At  the  time  of  the  U.  S.  schooner 
J'ire  Brand  licaving  in  sig-ht,  the  schooner  took  her 
to  be  a  mercliaULmim,  and  fired  two  shot  into  her — 
the  Fire  Brand  Inul  also  taken  a  ship  from  the  Bar- 
ratarians  (a  Spaniard)  which  had  been  captured  by 
the  Cartiiagenhms,  and  given  up  to  the  Barratarians. 

iSrjiith  .America.  Fi'om  London  papers — accovmts 
IVom  Buenos  Ayres  to  March  25.  The  Lima  army 
at  Cliili  having  seized  the  property  of  several  Eng- 
lislmien  cstablisJied  there,  the  British  armed  their 
vessels  and  retook  their  property,  togetlier  with  a 
vessel  having  ^400,000  on  lioard,  from  Callas  for 
Chili.  Tliey  :dso  blockade  Valparaiso  ;  and  have 
"brought  away  all  tlie  exiles  the  Spaniards  had  sent 
to  Juan  Fernandez  and  the  other  Presidios. 

An  insurrection  is  said  to  have  commenced  in  Li- 
ma. The  Buenos  Ayres  Army  in  Peru  has  been  suc- 
cessful OA'er  tlie  loyalists.  The  insurgents  of  Casco, 
Angulo  and  Pinclo,  liave  also  been  successful.  An 
insurrection  has  broken  out  at  Arequipa. 

LoxDOX,  June  10.  A  late  Buenos  Ayres  Gazette 
contains  the  undermentioned  particulars  of  tlie 
dreadful  situation  of  La  Paz. — "As  soon  as  tiie  re- 
volution of  Casco  was  known  at  La  Plata,  tlic  go 
vernmcnt  ordered  an  auxiliary  force  to  march  to 
that  quarter,  under  tiie  command  of  general  Pine- 
to  y  Torre.  He  proceeded  on  in  the  month  of  Au- 
gust last,  took  the  province  of  Puno,  and  the  strong 
iortrcss  of  El  Dewaguadero,  and  on  September  24 
entered  the  city  of  l-a  P.iz.  The  standard  of  Ame- 
i'ican  liberty  was,  for  the  lirst  time,  raised  in  this 
section  of  Peru,  and  the  event  celebrated  wiih  the 
cordial  congratulations  of  the  inhabitants,  who  iias- 
tened  to  take  tlicir  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  new 
patriot  government.  Harmony  and  friendship  every 
where  prcva.led — when,  on  the  2yth,  a  most  horrid 
|>lot  was  discovered.  A  g-eneral  amnesty  had  been 
proclaimed  and  accepted  by  the  European  Spa- 
niards, but  they  beheld  the  triumpli  of  the  Creoles 
with  repinings.  Ungrateful  ibr  the  kindness  sliev/n 
them,  they  endeavored  to  bribe  tlie  guards  of  the 
barracks  and  park  of  artillery  to  destroy  tlie  toun, 
and  formed  a  project  to  poisoii  the  officers.  A  light- 
ed match  was  put  to  tiie  powder  kept  in  the  go- 
vernment house,  for  it  to  explode  at  a  fixed  hour, 
but  timely  denunciations  prevented  the  execution 
of  so  horrid  a  design,  aiul  saved  the  town.  They 
were  forgiven,  and  public  confidence  appeared  re- 
st^^red.      Soon  afterwards^  kotvcTei',   a  mine  was 


sprung,  with  a  terrible  explosion,  in  the  chief  bar- 
racks, within  the  Cliapitones,  and  in  the  ruins  ot  the 
building  150  persons  were  destroyed.  The  inhabi- 
tants wei-e  roused  at  this  scene  of  fresh  treacliifery, 
and  sallying  forth,  seized  all  the  Europeans  and 
traitorous  Creoles,  whom  they  cut  to  pieces  in  the 
pul)lic  square." 

Tax  on  licfht.  A  letter  fi-om  Dnbtin  says,  "T  have 
but  twelve  windows  in  my  house,  and  I  am  made  to 
pay  for  them  this  year  five  guineas  (^23.33) — and 
every  other  tax  in  proportion.'"  It  would  be  well  if 
Vl\o%e' EngUshmen,  and  Irishmen  too,  M'ho  grumble 
so  much  about  the  taxes  in  the  United  State,  were 
to  proceed  to  the  "fast  anchored"  isles,  and  relieve 
themselves  ! 

TvTHEs.  We  have  seen  somewhere  the  following 
anecdote  which  occ.ired  in  France,  before  the  revo-'' 
lution  :  "Why,"  said  a  bishop,  in  a  tone  of  authori- 
ty and  reproof  to  a  peasant,  "do  you  not  cultivate 
that  field,"  pointing  to  a  j^iece  of  ground  unplanted. 
"[  will,  sir,"  returned  the  farmer  witli  gl-eat  humi- 
lity, "if  you  will  secure  me  one-half  of  the  value  I 
should  be  compelled  to  give  you,  as  the  profit  of  my 
labor." 

A  Cave.  A  letter  from  Sackett's  Harbor  dated 
Jtdy  22,  says — Yesterday  Ivisi.ed  the  cdveihaX  some 
account  of  was  lateh^  given»  about  seven  miles  from 
this  place,  a  g-reat  ciu-iosity.  We  brought  home 
from  it  about  201bs.  of  ice,  where  there  are  large 
quantities  in  some  parts  of  the  place  all  summei";' 
and  I  find  to-day  that  it  has  so  stiffened  my  hand 
tliat  I  can  hardly  lift  it  to  my  head. 

T/ieatrical.  The  benefits  at  Covent  Garden  Thea-- 
trc,  have  been  as  follows — Miss  O'NeiPs  650  pounds, 
Mr.  Jones'  600,  Mr.  Young's  590,  Miss  Foote's 
500,  Mr.  Emery's  500,  Mr.  Incledon's  400,  Mr.  and. 
Mrs.  Liston's  4'JO,  and  Miss  Stepcns'  300. 

JMoiiey  found.  Poole,  a  farmer  of  Blagdcn,  Eng. 
has  lately  found,  wliile  digging  in  his  field,  a  chest 
of  gold  cioin,  worth  20,000/'. 

Bank-  of  England.  The  notes  of  the  Bank  of 
England  in  circulation  ai'e  upwards  of  one  hundred 
million.9  of  dollars.  The  annual  tax  on  which  is  more 
than  four  hundred  thousand  dollars.  But  the  bank 
lias  hitlierto  paid  under  the  old  compromise,  (when 
its  issues  were  small  compared  with  the  present) 
but  about  one  hxindred  thousand  dollars.  The  subject 
has,  however,  recently  caught  the  attention  of  par- 
liament. 

A  new  bargain  has  just  been  made  with  the  bank. 
It  is  to  pay  3.500/.  on  every  1,000,000  in  its  bills  is- 
sued. 

Washingtox  city.  Extract  of  a  letter  to  the  editor: 
— Business  in  the  building  line  is  very  brisk  lierc. 
In  the  centre  part  of  this  city,  viz.  between  the  ca- 
pitol  and  president's  house,  tlie  following  houses  are 
building  or  finishing  : 
Brick  houses,  began  this  year,  most  of  which 

are  large 19 

I'^rame     do         do .       8 

Brick      do     fi.nishing,  which  have  been  stand- 
ing for  years ,     .     .     .       4 

Frame     do         do ;     .     .     .       4 

Brick  back-buildings,  used  as  tenements      .     .       5 

Framt         do         1 

Public  buildings,  viz.  .Methodist  meeting     .     .       I 
Catliolic  Seminary      .     •       1 
Treasury  office      ...       i 
Ai'senal         1  "^ 
Magazine     iCAt  the  fort   3- 

Stoi-e-house  1  S  

46 

Besides  these  some  others  are  contracted  for— • 
arifil  there  is  an  appropi-iation  to  extend  the  market. 


■■■iB*f ■JMUu- J  \^»'.  V^r-^im. 


T^ILES'  WEEKLY   EEGISTEB. 


ys.>.  9  OK  Vof,.  IX.] 


EALTlMORi-:,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBl:Ul  28,   181,5. 


iviiOLii  xo;  217. 


f/xc  nhrn  mfnmnisne  jitvabit. — "V'lnoii,. 


riu.vTsn  A-vj)  PuiiLiSH-,:!)  by  h.  M!,ks,  xo.  29,  sorrii  CAi-tKUT-sTitra-.T,  at  §■'*  ^'-"  annvm. 


iX;;|< Tlie  pre;jer.t  number  of  iJie  Wkkkly  Ueois  ri.R 
oniitains  f^uevly  pages,  ov  consists  of  a  sliect  and  ;. 
•['uriei'—to  dispose  of  sundry  interesting'  articles 
tli.'it  were  lying-  over  in  '}pc.  Tiie  press  of  iiiutter 
ts,  and  always  must  be,  exceeding'ly  j;i  eat,  wiiiie 
T\'e  atienipt  to  no' ice  cvei-y  thinc';  niiportf.nt  for  pre- 
.■■,ent  reading'  or  nserul  fyr  futiiie  rcfcrericc. 

'rhoag;h  iii  some  respects  we  have  been  liafHed  in 
rmr  arranecinmts  tor  thlsn.nraber,  we  think  its  con- 
tc!its  will  be  found  more  than  comtnoidy  inLcrcsung. 


'^^(^Tlie  editor  respectfully  informs  the  patrons 
'>f  Uiis  pap'.n-j  ■Jw.t  their  accounts  are  niudc  olit  to 
t!;e  e!:d  of  the  present  year  iud  have  g-ei'.eraliy  l.'cen 
foi'warded  to  the  places  where  there  are  reg-ular 
agents,  to  wiiieli  lie  solicits  an  early  notice :  those 
resident  in  parts  of  the  country  near  wlncii  there  is 
no  rcgTilar  agxni,  will  please  to  remit  by  mail,  as 
xisuai,  antl  tlie  receipt  siiaii  be  tliankfuily  acknow- 
\edg-cd. 

A  vigorous  attempt  is  nov.'  making- to  g-et  all  our 
accotnits  :'?gvared  up,  and  the  editor  appeals  tb  the 
cuimcieratc  for  a  liberal  and  immediate  determina- 
tion to  ussist  him  in  accomplisliing'  this  very  im- 
portant object — tlie  attainmer.t  of  wliicU  woidd 
lig-iiten  l!ie  dnidg-ery  of  the  common  business  of  tiie 
esuibiislimeiit  nearly  a  half !,  as  v.ill  very  reasona- 
bly a'ppear,  wlicn  it  occurs  to  tlie  mindj  that  each 
and  ^verij  accoimt  that  remains  open  and  unsettled, 
is  7.ii.dh'iihiaUij  clrarged  upon  our  exertions  to  close. 
This  is  always  an  unpleasant  d\ity — but  it  must  be 
done.  There  is  no  use  of  earnin;^  Uioney  if  wo  do 
not  {vet  it.  We  assert  it,  withoijt  fear,  that,  inde- 
pendent of  these  concerns  of  tlie  ofllce,  more  edi- 
torJul  labor  is  bestowed  on  the  KKGidTKR  tlian  on 
any  other  periodical  work.  '"Tliou  shalt  riot  muz- 
zle Jiic  niMith  of  the  o.\  that  treadeth  out  tlie  com." 

Ihe  agents  for  tliis  paper  are  earnestly  soiici>-ed 
to  U'^'e  a  settlement  of  the  bills  due  at  their  oitices, 
es]>ecially  when  they  exceed  the  aihount  for  the 
current  year. 


Sheep  and  Wool — Books.   - 

"it  appears,  from  the  London  papers,  that  lord 
fehciiield-s  Wool  Fair  was  held  at  the  White  IJart, 
on  the  2bth  of  July  last.  Lord  ShetFiekl,  in  a  long,- 
speech,  lu-jjed  tiie  necessity  of  a  protccnng  duiy, 
statin,:^  tiiat  the  growers  of  wool  had  suJfered  mucii 
fioni  the  vast  im]5ortation3,  declarhig,  that  as  fine 
•wxwl  would  be  raided  in  England  as  any  ever  im- 
porieil,  if  proper  encoiu"agenient  were  given  to  the 
growers  of  ilie  arLicle." 

We  have  several  times  amused  our  readers  with 
references  to  the  book  made  by  lord  SlieiHeld,  in 
17a:],  to  reconcile  his  countrymen  to  the  lossuf  tJie 
tfniied  States; — in  which  he  vuidertOok  to  shew, 
wi-.h  all  the  pomp  and  gravity,  "modest  assurance," 
want  of  candor,  and  disregard  of  truth,  th.at  belongs 
to  a  lord,  tliat  we  were,  and  must  continue  to  be, 
deptnilait  upon  and  slaves  of  Eajhind,  for  most  ol 
the  necessaries  and  many  of  the  conveniences  of  life. 
So  iar  as  they  belonged  to  wliat  are  commonly  con- 
Eidorod  tlie  arts  and  manufactures. 

The  arrivals  of  devei-al  snrail  qtianflfies  of  nno 


f'om  the  United  State's,  and  the  reports  that  mu.  j". 
have  rer.ciie'l  tfic  old  man  of  our  progress  in  the 
raishig*  of  s!ieeT»,  has  roUsc'd  Ids  jealoiisy — and  he 
now  would  proliiliit  a  connnodity,  by  laying*  a  duty 
upon  it,  v.'lii<;h  he  jM-opliecied,  like  one  of  liaaVs 
ministers,  that  itwo.dd  be  impossible  f>r  us  to  li.ave, 
in  c.>nsidcr'i])le  qn mticies  !— Knowiiig  tlie  tempei' 
of  that  man's  mind  and  his  deadly  liatred.to  ATfie- 
rica,  for  giving  to  Ids  profound  "observations"  the 
charr.cter  of  nursery  t;des,  we  c'.nnot  do  otherwise 
th;i'.t  belie->-e  tjiat,  in  his  sneecli  alluded  to  in  the 
article  quoted  above,  he  h-id  enti;-e  reference  to  the 
import  of  wool  from  the  Uidlf^d  States  ;  which,  he 
sees,  will  speedily  become  as  famous  for  raising  that 
article  as  for  raising  cotton.  For  we  believe  it  is  a 
fact,  tUat  the  importation  of  sheep's  wool  into  Eng'- 
land  has  been  coii'iidera'jlv  less  tliari  heretofore, 
owing  to  the  annihilation,  as  we  may  say,  of  many 
of  the  Spanish  flocks,  by  tha  events  of  the  war  in 
that  country;  which  it  will  take  some  years  to  re- 
cruit  or  supplv. 

In  the  9tn  page  of  his  book  (DuWiil  edition  173-i) 
his  lordship  s;^y^? — '•In  thf  lo^n'/frn  rRoTiycKs"  (his 
lordship  thoilglit  itbeneatli  his  dignit}^  to  call  them 
^tatf.^,  thoug-.h  they  had  been  acknowledged  as  such, 
by  his  government)  "the  tjooI  of  sJieep  becomes  of  -d 
haifij  (/iiaUly.     In  the  northOiiit  cmmot  aiwrwer.  xuell  to 
rail:'  sheefj,  fh'.-  land  in  soyoii.ff  covered  vjltk  s.iorj  ;  tJte 
r pence  'iffidlar  is  too  g-.-eat." 
IIo-v  lord! II  true  and  candid  i.s  my  lord's  saying  \ 
— Now,  a  common  person  would  have  thought  tha.t 
if  tl'.e  7iorth  was  too  cold  and  the  south  was  too  hot, 
to  raise  sheen  to  advantag.",  there  must  be  a  place- 
in  t!ie  middle  that  would  exactly  answer  the  parposel 
lUit  ids  lordship  always  disdains  the  rules  that  ope- 
rate on  honest  men,  wiien  he  refers  to  America — Wvi 
lordly  object  was,  and  is,  to  deceive  those  he  caa 
influence.     And  we  are  iiappy  to  assure  tlie  great 
man,  diat,  in  every  state  of  the  union,  we  cr-n  raisd 
sheep  to  much  pi-jfit ;  and  tiiat  in  the  -oest  we  have- 
also    some   little,  trficts  of   land   that   his    lordship 
tliouglit  must  always  remain  the  abode  of  the  deei'' 
and  thebufi'aloj  where  as  many  may  ba  supported  a;* 
•vould  supply  five  En^-tHnli  with  wool.     But,  witli 
his  jaun;l:ced  vie'vs  of  America,  no  doubt  ids  lord- 
sliip  tiiought  it  as  likely  that  we  sliouid  commence- 
manufactories  of  madmen  :md  id-ois,   for  kings  antt 
nobles,  as  of  -ivoohit  s'oodi,  which  are  now  scattered 
-•11  over  the  United  .-States — mucii  less  suppose  tJiat' 
our  co'.n";try,ins;e:i:L  oi' Sp;iin,\vi\s  destined  td  become 
the  great  mai'kec  of  ilie  .vorl  1  for  wool.    The  tr-uth 
i'i,  we  have  got  the  "golden  fleece,"  and  tlie  fact  i-j, 
clearly  and  undeniably    proved  that  the  boasted 
■menno  of  the  old  world  grows  larger  and  become.'* 
rno.e  producuve  in  riie  new.     In  les.'S  tiian ten,  per-'' 
liAps,  in  five  years,  ships'-ca'-goes  of  wo'ol,  an  -axcess 
be}ond  our  own  wants,  wilt  probably  be  exported- 
fron>  the  United  .Sti-.tes.     Our  present  stock  is  be-< 
tween  ten  and  fifteen  milli  jns  of  sheep.  Increasing 
geometrically.     And  the  wool  gathered  in  the  Unit- 
.ed  Suites,  in"  the  present  year,  may  be  safely  est!-, 
mated  as  worth  fi-om  20  to  30  millions  of  doUars-r-Vj 
probably  Tiiore  even  than  '.  !ie  latter 

BooK.s.  "All  the  sclioul  and  common  books  (say#- 
his  lordship)  can  be  sent  cheaper  from  Britain  thmf,j 
they  can  be  printed  tn  .Hmeriva" — .4«d  s©  kJsJwpM 


13S    NILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,  1^15. 


KJiip  Gravely  supposes  that  a.11  oui-  horn  lH>oks  \nd 
primers  must  come  from  Eng-land.  Wliat  truth 
there  was  in  the  assertion  when  his  lordship  made 
it,  I  neither  kncv/  nor  care — but  I  will  do  this  :  If 
his  lordship  will  obtuin  for  me  the  privileg-e  of  ex- 
portln-ij  100,000  dollars  worth  of  common  and  school 
books. to  Eng-Lmd,  pef  annum,  ftee  of  duties  or 
charges  there^  1  will  pay  his  lordship  o>25,000  a  ye.>r 
in  acicnowledg-meut  of  the  favor  rendered,  and  malce 
20  or  30,000  dolka-s  more  for  myself  And,  besides, 
I  will  ciigiig-e  that  the  tj-pe,  presses  and  paper,  and 
every  thinj.;  else  used  in  the  manufacture  of  the  saici 
books,  shall  be  of  Ameiican  make. 

Some  persoi'.s,  regarding  the  quantity  of  matter 
only,  and  esteeming  this  p^per  as  they  do  a  cheese, 
by  its  size  and  v/eiglit,  have  considered  the  price  of 
it  high  ;  tiioaghthe  f.ct  Ls,  it  is  t!ie  cheapest  publi- 
cation in  tiie  \^'orid.  For  example — it  contains  near- 
ly twice  as  much,  und  is  as  well  printed  and  on  i.s 
good  paper  as  Cobbclfs,  for  about  two-thirds  of  t'ne 
price  of  tiiat  v.ork,  exclusive  of  the  price  paid  for 
the  stamp  on  pacU  sheet,  or  less  than  one  half  of 
wliat  it  re.dly  costs  the  subscriber  in  l-'jig'iand  :  yet 
1  feel  convinced  that  I  nomu).'.lly  make  more  money 
on  !:  subscriber  than  Mr.  Cobbett  does,  tlioughhis  is 
reayy  more  piofitable,  from  a  raore  general  punctu- 
ality 1)1  payiiient  and  a  greater  patron;ige. 


wliile  to  build  larg-e  ships  of  it!  On  tlie  whole,  his 
lordsliip  c^mcludes,  "there  is  no  rossiBiLiTT  of  he)' 
(America)  nnu ntainiuff  a  nary."  I  giwss  his  lord- 
ship now  thinks  that  other  parts  of  the  United  States 
besides  J\\no  Eng-land,  "may  have"  privateers!  At 
any  rate,  he  would  liave  discovered  it  in  a  very 
striking'  manner,  if  he  had  been  concerned  largely 
in  shipj)ing,  duriiig  the  late  war. 

Buttlie  Barbartj poxvera — why,  Decatur,  with  less 
than  one  half  of  the  natianal  force  detached  for  the 
ijljject,  has  settled  the  business  more  gloriously  and 
more  honorably  than  any  European  had  yet  done  it 
for  h.is  country,  v.ith  all  their  navies  and  armies. — 
The  crescent,  like  the  red  cross  of  England,  lias 
done  honor  to  the  stripes  and  stars,  in  lo-ivly  bemUngs.-^ 


Pauper-statistics. 

We  abstract  the  following  facts  from  a  very  lonj^ 
and  minute  report  of  tlie  "guardians  of  the  poor 
and  m.anager.i  of  the  alms-house  ;md  house  of  em- 
plovment,  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  district  of 
Southwark  and  tov.-nship  of  the  Nortliern  Liberties," 
for  the  year  ending  May  23,  1815.  (Q'The  city' 
and  di-;tricts  thus  taken  hi  have  a  popidation  of 
about  100,000  souls. 

The  average  of  persons  maintained  by  this  insti- 
tution, taken  from  the  monthly  reports  of  p.aupers 
under  charge,  was  735 — about  28r  men,  334  wo- 
men and  104  children. 

At  tlie  commencementof  tlie  year  there  were  619 
persons  in  tlie  house — during  tlic  ycur,  1891  paupers 
were  admitted,  laboring  under  various  diseases 
and  imperfections,  of  whom  about  327  died,  1465 
were  disch:u-ged,  cured  or  relieved,  and  several  re- 
mained under  care,  so  that  the  paupers  maintained 
at  tlie  end  of  the  year  were  718. 

It  appears  that  tlie  average  of  expense  of  main- 
taining the  paupers  was  §1  20|  per  week,  for  each 
person. 

The  institution  is  provided  with  a  variety  of  ma- 
chinery for  the  manufactiu-e  of  wool,  cotton  and 
flax,  shoes,  some  small  articles  of  iron,  &c.  The 
profit  on  these,  which  Includes  the  labor  of  the  pau- 
pers employed  therein,  was  about  3,500  dollar's. 

In  a  general  statement  of  the  sick  and  surgical 
cases  tiiat  came  under  the  care  of  the  medical  de- 
partment of  this  institution  in  the  course  of  tlie 
year,  tlie  amount  given  is  2473  persons — of  whom 
1928  were  cured,  72  relieved,  20  eloped,  327  died 
and  125  remained  imder  chai-ge.  Tiiis  would  appeia- 
to  amount  to  all  the  persons  that  remained  hi  the 
house  at  ilie  commencement  of  the  year,  or  were 
admitted  into  it  during  its  period,  37  excepted — 
but,  it  is  probable,  tliat  many  pei'sons  were  under 
care  more  than  once  in  the  course  of  the  year — as 
all  the  persons  relieved  by  the  institiiticm  are  sup- 
posed hicompetent  by  labor  to  earn  a  subsistence — 
which,  (io<l  1)0  praised  !  any  one  in  the  United 
States,  blessed  with  health  and  strength  and  ability 
to  apply  these  qualities,  is  able  to  do. 

Tne  principal  diseases  noticed  are — Abscess  53 — 
cured  48,  rem.  5;  Amenorrhcca  30 — cured  26,  rem.  4; 
Atrophy  17 — cured  6,  died  11;  Burns  30 — cured  25, 
died  5;  Catai-rh  37 — cured  3>5,  rem.  2;  Consumption 
113 — cured  15,  died  95;  Dit.rrhrea  68 — cured  52, 
died  15 ;  Dropsy  65 — cui-ed  34,  died  26;  Dyspepsia 
69 — cured  52,  died  15;  Eruptions  102 — cured  97, 
rem.  5;  Fevers,  various,  164 — cured  139,  died  23; 
Gonorrho-a  38 — cured  34,  rem.  4;  Inflamations,  va- 
rious, 106— ciu-ed  94,  died  8;  Itch  103— cured  103; 
-Mania  65 — cured  35,  relieved  15,  died  10;  Mania  a 
Poll!  54— cured  49,  died  3;  Old  age  35— died  35: 
■;e  ordmary  that--rit  wotild  not  b'.- worth' Ifteumaiism  IS'2-- -Ciired  177,  relieved  6,  none  died; 


The  Barbary  Powers; 

OR,  MOIJE  OF  MY  LOJID  SIIEFFIiiLD. 

'I  he  policy  of  Die  British  in  maintaining  the  Bar- 
barv  powers,  is  clearlv  manifested  in  the  following 
<;xtracls  from  lord  SheffiehVr,  book,  entitled  "Ob- 
servations on  the  commerce  of  the  American  States," 
written  in  1783 — see  page  204  et  aeq.  Dublin  edit. 
,noce. 

EXTHACT. 

"It  i3  not  probable  the  American  states  will  have 
a  very  fie  e  trade  in  the  Mediterraneitu;  it  will  r.ot 
be  the  interest  of  any  of  the  great  maritime  pow- 
ers to  protect  them  there  from  the  Ika-bary  states. 
Jf  they  k-novj  their  intere:>tr,  they  idll  nut  encourage 
the  Americu7is  to  be  curriers.  That  the  Barbary  states 
are  advantageous  to  the  maritime  poioers  is  certain. — 
If  they  were  suppressed,  tiie  little  states  of  Italy, 
&c.  would  have  much  more  of  the  carrying  trade. 
The  French  never  shewed  themselves  worse  politi- 
cians, than  in  encouraging  tlie  late  armed  neutrality; 
but  notwithstandhig  their  exultation  in  it  at  first, 
it  was  not  long  before  they  were  sensible  of  tlieir 
bad  policy.  The  league  probably  would  not  long 
have  lield  together;  the  Danes  iiad  already  relaxed. 
It  was  the  part  the  Dutch  were  taking  in  th.at  league 
tliat  brought  on  them  a  war  tiiat  has  neitiier  been 
very  glorious  for  tliem,  nor  advantageous.  The  arm- 
ed neutrality  ivould  be  as  hurtful  to  the  great  maritime 
poxi'ers,  as  the  Barbary  states  are -useful.  TliE  AME- 
PuCANS  CA:CN0T  PIJOTECT  THEMSELVES 
FROM  THE  LATTER;  TilEY  CANNOT  PRE- 
TEND TO  A  NAVY.  In  war,  New-England  ma\- 
have  privateers,  but  they  will  be  much  fewer  than 
they  have  been;  they  will  be  few,  indeed,  if  we  do 
Bot  give  up  the  naitigation  act." 

His  lordship  is  still  livhig — what  iozsi  he  think 
•"about  luid  about"  the  Barbary  powers  and  an  Ame- 
rican ndini  nov.'r  Let  him  ask  tiie  deys  of  JJlgiers 
i;nd  Tripoli,  and  enquire  of  bully  JJaci-es  and  compa- 
ny, if  his  lordship  lives  10  years  more — "he  sliall 
see  whai  lie  shall  sec" — man}-  thuigs  about  our  navy 
more  curiuu.i  th:ui  any  of  tiicse;  thougii,  according 
to  his  lordsliip's  iiotions;  we  had  not,  nor  could  we 
have,  "good  harbors"  or  "good  seamen,"  ami  our 
tiTnbev  was 


MLES'  weekly  riEGFSTER-NAVAL  AFFATR^. 


im 


Scropliula  2i3 — cured  7,  died  16;  S\-phr.ia  107 — cur- 
fed  175,  died  5;  Ulcers  248— cured  206,  eloped  10; 
Women  delivered  50 — none  died  ;  Wounds  27 — 
(iured  25,  &c. 

Tables  like  tliese  are  of  the  first  importance  to 
assist  our  studies  of  the  condi'ion  in  society.  A 
variety  of  reflections  naturally  spring-  up  in  consi- 
dering- the  facts  herfe  recorded,  but  at  jiresent  we 
liave  only  one  remai-k  td  offer — The  averp;j:e  ntimber 
of  paupers  maintain'sd  by  ihe  alms-Iiouse  of  Pluhidel- 
pliia  (a  g-reat  citi)  in  which  distressed  objects  are 
abvays  more  Tiumercus  tliaw  they  are  in  a  avntrj/- 
district  of  th'e  like  population)  was  735 — now,  taking" 
tiie  averat^e  of  F,n[fland  and  IVlMs  for  a  criterion^ 
PliUadeljjIna  ouQ,'ht  to  have  maintained  at  Ic.ist 
EICiHTP.EN  TilOUSAND  persons  in  her  poor  hou- 
ses! This  fact  is  worth  a  world  of  comniciit. 

Bonaparte's  Letter. 

FOR  THE  WEEKLY  REOISTSR. 

Observations  on  the  allusion  mddc  by  B'cna- 
parte  io  Themislocles 

It  appears  id  me  tliat  those  editors  are  rilistaken 
who  have  supposed  tliat  Napoleon,  in  his  late  letter 
to  the  prince  reg-ent  of  Eiig-land,  meant  to  compare 
himself  to  Tliemistocles,  wlien  tiic  latter  applied  to 
the  g-rcatking-,  Xerxes,  of  Persia,  it  is,  surely,  to 
be  presumed,  that  Napoleon  did  not  intend  to  com- 
pare himself  to  a  traitor ;  that  he  did  iiot  mean  to 
avow  himself  tlie  enemy  of  France,  and  tlie  ready 
instrument  of  the  vcng-eance  of  Eng-land.  And  vet, 
TliemisLocles  was  a  trcvitor  to  his  cotmtry,  and  sup- 
plicated protection  from  the^reat  k-iiig,  on  the  vcvy 
g-round  of  his  readiness  to  be  employed  in  the  sei-- 
vicc  of  Persia  against  the  Atltenians. 

Napoleon,  in  Ids  letter  to  the  prince  reg-ent,  and 
which  has  been  but  badly  transhited,  says — "En 
hute  aux  fictidns,  qui  divisent  men  pays,  et  c  I'ini- 
vnitie  des  pluft  grand  puissances  de  I'Earope,  j'ai 
t  ermine  ma  vie  politique;  et  jeviens,  conuile  The- 
Vidstoclc  m\isseoir  sitr  [cs  f-Ji/frs  du  peuple  IJritta- 
hique ;  je  reclame  le  protection  de  leur  lois,"  &c. 
Here  is  no  offer  of  aid  ;  no  expression  of  enmity  to 
f'rance.     The  analogy  between  liis  case,  and  that  of 


Dr.  Goldsmith  gives  an  account  of  the  same  trails-, 
action,  in  which  lie  is  supported  by  Thucydide.?  anci 
C.  Nepos.— "From  thence,"  (Corcyra)  says  he,  "he 
fled  to  Epirus,  and  finding  him'self  pursued  by 
the  Atiicni;uis,  grown  at  length  desiderate,  he  (led 
to  x^dmetus,  king  of  the  .Molossians,  for  refuge.—' 
Admetus  was  f -oni  home  at  t!ie  time  Themi3t'ocie3 
came  to  implore  protection  ;  and  upon  his  return  hei- 
.^as  surprised  to  find  his  old  advtrsarv  who  had 
Cime  vo  put  himsc'f-n-le-  liii'  protection.'  As  sdon  a4 
tiie  king  appeared,T!i.mistocles  took  that  monarch'^ 
young  so.'i  in  his  :irnis,  and,  seating'-  himself  amldul 
the  househcld  ffods,  informed  him  cf  thz  cause  of  his 
arrival,  alld  implored  his  cleniency  and  pi-otection. 
.\dmetU3,  surprised  and  moved  v.-itli  compassi:)n  at' 
seeing  the  gre.ii est  man  of  Greece  an  humble  s-ip^ 
pliant  at  hi.';  feet,  raised  liim  immediately  from  tlid 
ground,  and  promised  liimprotection.  Accordingly^ 
when  the  AtlieniaUs  anvl  Jjacedemonians  came  id 
demand  him,  he  refused  absolutely  to  deliver  up  :» 
person  who  had  made  his  palace  an  asylum,  in  thd 
firm  persuasion  that  it  would  afford  liiai<»safety  anil 
protectiw  "  lie  proceeds  furtlicr  to  no'Lc,  tliiit  tii^ 
king,  finding  himself  unable  to  protect  hi.5  illustri- 
ous guest,  favored  his  escape  in  a  ship  v»-Itich  w.ai 
driven  on  the  coast  of  Pei-si  i  by  a  storm.  Iltr^  the 
Grecian  avo-;ved  hh  treason  and  cn-tity  to  Athens^ 
and  actudly  accepted  tlie  comm.i'.ii  of  the  I'er.iiail 
army  against  Greece. 

After  the  perusal  of  these  extracts,  the  reaciei* 
will  probably  wonder  at  the  ignorance  of  itiallce 
v>^uicli  would  make  Napoleon  compare  Idrn'-elf  td 
Themistorles,  at  Persia.  He  asks  of  the  prince  re..- 
gent  what  Tiicmistocles  l^-.d  solicited  of  Admetus^ 
safety  anvl  protecrtinu  ;  and  lie  uses  a  remarkabitt 
espressioi!,  "m*asseoi:-  sur  ies  foyers"' — literally,  "td 
seatm}^sclf  at  tlic  fire-sides" — or,'  emphaticallv,  "t(j 
seat  myself  among  the  hou-sehold  g-ods."  llie  a"l- 
lu.'-ion-  h  very  l^appy^  and  th.e  expre.-;sion  is  one  whicll 
must  have  made  its  w.iy  to  the  heart  of  a  generou* 
man.  But  the  Christian  prince  regent  of  England 
possesses  ideas  of  m.agnanimity  somewhat  dilfercni 
from  those  Entertained  by  the  barbarlail  and  pagaii 
king  of  the  .^!olossians. 

I  suppose  that  the  notions  of  the  English  edltdi-Sji^ 


Tiiemistocle.s,  at  the  court  of  Persia,  totally  fails  ;  K''"'"  wiioni  many  of  Us  beniglited  Americans  reJ 
and  we  must  look  for  some  otlier  instance"  of  the  p^*^''^^  "^-  "'^^  knowledge,  were  manifold  and  various,, 
Grecian's  sccldng  shelter.  This  is  easily  foimd;  and,!''^'''';'^  ^'^"^  undertook  to  mislead  the  public  an  this 
but  for  the  reasons  liercaf.er  explained,  there 'could  subjet^t;  Some  of  them  may  have  been  stung  to  the' 
have  been  no  delusion  on  tlie  subject.  quick  by  sliame,  at  the  contrast  bef.veen  Adriictii^ 

,,    Phitarcli,  in  his  life  of  Themislocles,  after  stat- 
ing ins  being  proscribed  from  Athens,  and  his  escape 

to  Corcyra,  says— -"From  thence  he  fled  to  Epirus,  .         ,  o  

and  finding  lumself  still  pursued  by  tlie  Athenians!  P"^"*^'^  ^°  an  ohircuren.-dionof  barbaiiailj ;  and  these! 
and  L;icedemoni.uis,  he  tried  a  very  hazardous  MKi\^''''^'-^^'^^^^^^^'^™*^'^^^^'^'^'^-'-^''^i^^^ 

uncertain  resource,  in  imploring  tlie  protection  oiK^'"^^-'^^"^''?^ ''^■'^ '^"'^^'^ ''^?  ^•''^  ^"^'"''^ ''-^^ '-^'■^^^'■^'''3:'^'^'i^!?'' 
Admetus,  king  of  the  Moiossiaus.     Admetus  had  ^'^'^^"''^  "S'>'''^    'Vei-e  williug  liiat  tiie  soldier  of  for- 

made  a  request,  which  being  rejected  with  scorn T^"^  ^'^^''''^ ''■^^''■" -^  ^'^^'^  "^'■^'■*^ '^"^'"'-^^'^^ '•^^^'^''^ '^'^<^*^^' 
'      ""        ■        .      .      ,       -  -  '  which  naturally  belonged  to  hint,  and  tliese  would 

ilace  him  in  tiie  most  disgrace I'ui  of  all  attitudes^ 


and  the  pi-iace  of  V/.des,  and  v,-erc  villi ug  ru  divert 
enquiry  f.-om  tlse  right  point;  Others,  posSj!.iJv,  ft-llf' 
iumibied  at  the  mistress  of  the  oce.ai  being  com 


py  Themislocles  in  the  time  of  his  prosperity  anc 
influence  in  the  state,  the  king  entert.dncd  a  de 


?-esentment  against  him,  and  made  no  secret  of  hi.,  ''.''*^  "''  :i  P'^i'"^^^^'-^  traitor  ^ffering  h-s  assistaiice  ti/ 

intention  t(j  revenge  hunseif,  if  ever  tile  Athenia?-i 

should  fall  into  his  power.     However,  wiiile  he  was 

thus  fiying  from  place  to  place,  he  wus  i,;ore  afr.dci 

bf  the  recent  envy  of  his  couutrvmen  than  of  the 

consequences  of  an  old  quarrel  with  t!ie  khig-  and, 

therefore,  lie  went  and  put  him,,eif  into  his  hands, 

appearing  before  him  as  a  suppliant,  in  a  particular 


and  extraordinary  ni;Huier.  He  tool:  tlie  kiug-'s  son, 
who  was  yet  a  child,  in  uis  arms,  and  kneeled  down 
before  the  hous.'iiold  guds.  Tids  manner  of  offering- 
a  petition  the  Molossirms  looked  upon  as  t'ue  mosl 
Eitectual,  and  the  ar!^,v  oit'c  titat  can  hardly  l;e  rc- 
JS^tcd.", 


lis  coimtry's  worst  enciliy.'  NapoleJn  i>  l-ad  vJnougiij, 
but  lie  deservts  "i-iir  play"  and  is  entitled  to  thi^,- 
common  right  ofbei-.ig  uuder.-;t(jcd  aslie  intended; 

A  llACK-VyoWUS-SiAJf, 


Ay.»v„  7 , 


':e  Ontarlui  OctdK'i',  1815. 


tanmamr.niiaKyii 


Naval  Aiiairs. 


The  stlbjoincd  letter  comeStous  from  the  .Sstiue  f^a 
spect;-.blc  source  as  tiiat  in  the  Wji>:KLY  RjcnTE* 
of  the  21st  i  i:-:t.  under  tiiis  head.  We  tlii:;k  it  me« 
ri's  equal  co.isideration  and  attention  from  the'/ 
ivrp6;'t..nt  iifji-ii^t'r.vn  it.  affords  on  the.  s'-ahijf^jTpf^ 


->:_i*i.i 


]4(y     NILES'  WSKELY    REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,  1815'. 


the  navy  and  dock-y.ii*ds  in  Ihe  United  States,  it,  solely  by  the  unfavorableness  of  the  wind  amt 
and  from  the  extensive  i-eform  and  consolidation' tide.  The  loss  of  the  Prcbident  fj-igate  is  attributed 
■WjiicJi^the  writer  urt^es  in  relation  to  these  estab-lto  the  injury  she  received  in  passinjj  over  this  bur. 


lislw.ients,  so  far  as  they  have  already  been  formed. 
It  is  unquestionably  a  subject  of  the  hig'liest  im- 
port:incc  under  the  ]3resent  circumstances  of  the 
world,  wlien  so  little  respect  is  paid  to  the  rights 
Qif"  nations,  and  a  disposition  seems  manifested  of 
putting-  to  fiiglit  every  vestige  of  freedom.  To  be 
sm-e,  tlie  broad  Atlantic  happily  separates  us  from 
the  deluging  tyrannies  and  oppressions  of  the  old 
World;  but  we  dwell  upon  its  shores,  where  t!ie 
witlicrhig  blast  of  moiiai'chy  may  extend  its  fury 
and  lay  us  v,"aste,  imless,  witli  due  care  and  i'".  due 
time,  v>'e  attend  to  and  nurture  the  infant  Hercules 
•  that  may  drive  off'  and  punish  the  marauders.  It 
seems  now  imi\'ersally  agreed  that  a  considerable 
augmentation  of  our  naval  force  is  expedient  and 
necessary,  as  the  best  means  of  Iceeping  evils  at  a 
dii-tci.'ici'  far  more  extensive  than  any  that  can  arise 
from  tlie  monies  being  levied  on  the  people  to  cre- 
ijte  and  support  it.  All  the  danger  we  have  to  .ippre- 
hend  must  come  from  the  sea-coast,  und  it  is  tliere 
We  siiould  be  first  prepared  to  meet  the  foe.  The 
force  of  numbers,  aided  b}'  native  vaior,  and  that 
desperate  courage  that  springs  up  when  a  man's 
fii'e-side  h  assailed,  mav  do  mucli,  a.nd  sometimes 
suffice  for  tlie  service  expected  on  shore;  but  to 
combat  on  the  ocean  with  probable  success,  re- 
quii  es  much  preparation  ;aid  a  careful  organiza- 
tion of  om-  means — which,  with  the  blessi'ig-s  of 
heaven,  every  one  says,  are  adequate  to  humble  an 
enemy,  exalt  the  national  characier,  in  whicii  is 
naiion:!  srengtli,  and  give  glory  to  die  American 
.    ixamc. 

AMOTIIEn    INTEIir.STINR    X-LTtEK, 

lYom  an  ojjicer  uf  the   TJ.   S.  J\avi/  to  hin  friend,  a 
member  cf  congress,  dated  at 

Wasuixgton,  Sept.  12th,  181.^. 
Dear  Siu-^I  regret  that  circumstances  have  pre- 
vented me  from  returning  an  earlier  answer  to  your 

enquiries  rcspeciing  navy  yards.  Mucli  may  be  said 

iipon  the  subject,  and  I  am  under  no  small  appre- 
hension that  what  I  am  now  about  to  state,  will  not, 

perhapj,  contrun^all  ttie  needful  information  wliicii 

in  your  letter  is  required.     I  saail  sel  out,  however, 

with  the  u;ifieniabie  proposition,  that,  considering 

the  present  state  of  our  navy,  of  all  the  yards  at 
this  time  belonging  to  the  department,  none  are  of 

real  vise  but  tj;e  one  iit  Boston.     Tliis  may  appeal*  a 

bold  assertion,  but  I  am  qiuie  coniuleiiL  ihai  before 

J  lay  down  U'v  peJi,  I  shall  be  able  to  satiify  you  of 

its  truth. 

It  is  well  iinown  thatthe  yards  at  Pori.'^mouth,  K. 

H.  and  Eostoii,  ;^re  the  only  y;u\ls  posseising  a  suf- 
ficient depth  of  water  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
largest  class  cf  slaps,  and  that  those  at  Kew-York, 

Pliiiadelphia,  Norfolk  and  \\'asl.iugton,  cannot  be 
approached,  at  all  times,  e\  en  by  frigatt-s,  with  theii- 
guns  and  stores  on  bo;u'd.  While  that  at  Ports- 
r.iouth  is  deemed  to  be  useless,  on  account  of  its 
vicinity  to  the  one  at  Boston,  the  latter  certainly 
Eiust  be  preferred  to  all  tlie  otliers,  not  alone 
for  the  nuniefous  i.dvanUigcs  it  can  invai'iably  de- 
rive   from    its    adjiiccucy    to   a  rich  and   populous 

city,  affording;  ;»mpie  means  for  protection,  equip-!  States,  but  besides  tiiese  there  are  other  establish- 
ment and  supply,  but  more  especially  for  the  easylments  of  a  similai-  nature,  wliich,  though  unautho- 
ingrens  and  egress  it  admits  of  at  all  sea.sons  of  l  rised  by  law,  are  not  less  expensive,  and  perhaps 
tjie  year;  as  was  suliiriently  demonstrated  dur- 1  most  of  them  not  less  useless  than  some  of  the  re- 
iag  the  last  war.  The  haibor  of  New-York  is  ob-lg-ular  yards  we  h;'.vc  been  describing.  Of  this  de- 
stiuc'.ed  by  a  bar,  over  whicli  frigates  can  never iscription  are  tlie  establishments  at  New  Port,  11.  I. 
pass  in  perfect  safety,  nor  indeed  can  they  pass  il|at  Baltimore,  at  Wilmington,  N.  C.  at  St.  Mary's,  at 
at  ail,  except  at  iiigii  water,  and  with  a  fur  wind. —  New  Orleans,  and  at  Tchifonta.  The  intent  of  the' 
To  my  knowledge,  vessels  of  this  class,  have,  more  one  at  Baltimore,  I  am,  like  many  other.s,  unable  to 
tbftR  oacej  been  seveiiiV days  defcuaetj  from  woBsing  conceive— Those   at   Wilmington   and  St.    Mary's 


and  it  Mill  not  be  forgotten,  that,  while  under  tlie^. 
command  of  commodore  Rodgers,  the  situation  of 
this  same  frigate  was  at  one  time  extremely  critical, 
being  hemmed  in  on  one  side  by  the  British  7^4  Pian- 
tagenet  and  Loire  frigate,  and  on  the  other  by  this 
obstructive  bar.  On  tliis  occasion  indeed  the  wind 
blew  fair,  but  the  state  of  th.e  tide  was  such  as  ab- 
solutely to  prevent  her  crossing  the  bar  ;  and  there- 
fore had  tlie  enemy  ran  down  upon  her,  tlie  commo- 
dore would  have  found  himseif  reduced  to  the  al- 
ternative either  of  contending  with  an  overwlielm- 
ing  force,  or  running  the  sliip  on  shore.  lit  addition 
to  ihis,  during  the  winter  season  no  harbor  is  more 
liable  to  be  clioked  up  wkh  vast  unwieldly  masses 
of  ice  than  that  of  Ncv\-York,  thereby  rendering  it 
almost  impossible  at  sucli  lintes  to  place  ships  of  the 
line  in  security.  Tlie  same  objection  will  apply  with 
equal  force  to  the  river  Delaware,  the  shallowness  of 
which  coimected  with  the  danger  and  difficulty  of 
its  navigation,  and  tiie  utter  im;iracticability  of  ap- 
proaching the  yard  at  Pliiiadelphia  in  a  frigate,  witii 
her  armament  and  provisions  on  board,  render  it  as 
unfit  for  a  naval  station  as  the  Hudson  at  New-York. 

Tiie  yard  at  Norfolk  is  incommoded  by  the  same"- 
obstrtictions  as  those  at  Philadelphia  and  New- 
York,  v.'ith  the  exception  of  ice  ;  but  on  the  other 
liand  again,  no  vessel  can  proceed  to  sea  witli  the 
same  wind  which  carries  her  from  tiie  yard,  and  . 
therefore,  to  prepare  a  ship  for  sea,  it  becomes  una- 
voidably necessaiy  to  moor  her  in  Hampton  Roads, 
and  there  to  receive  her  provisions  and  water  on 
board,  from  lighters — a  method  which,  besides  its 
productiveness  of  extraordinary  trouble  and  ex- 
pence,  necessarily  exposes  the  ship,  while  thus 
situated,  to  the  attack  of  an  enemy  hi  possession  of 
the  Roads.  And  tliis  eneni}^,  moreover,  when  once 
in  complete  possession  of  the  Roads,  has  it  wholly 
in  his  power  during  the  continuance  of  hostilities  to 
])revent  the  sailing  of  any  ship  equipped  at  Norfolk  ; 
a  fact  clearly  established  in  the  case  of  tlie  Constel. 
lation  frigate. 

The  tedious  and  difficult  navigation  of  the  Poto- 
mac, relieves  me  from  the  necessity  of  offering  any 
fitrthcT  objections  against  the  yard  at  Washington. 
It  has  in  truth  been  approaclied  by  frigates,  but  no 
one  has  yet  ventured  to  suggest  tjult  by  any  means, 
it  could  be  made  useful  for  ships  of  tlie  line.  As  a 
building  yard,  it  no  doubt  should  claim  attention, 
being  under  the  eje  of  the  navy  commissioners,  but 
a:;  a  place  for  ships  to  resort  to  for  supplies,  equip- 
ments :uid  repairs,  it  is,  in  my  opinion,  of  all  others 
the  worst  calculated. 

Tlie  yai-d  at  Charleston,  S.  C.  we  all  know  to  be 
accessible  only  for  sloops  of  war  of  tlie  smallest  clas^ 
and  iiglitest  draught  of  water,  and  even  then,  not  in 
perfect  safety.  The  danger,  as  well  as  difficuKy,  iit 
crossing  the  bar  at  the  harbor's  mouth,  are  too  no- 
torious to  requireany  further  explanations  from  me; 
I  shall  me-.-eiy  observe,  therefore,  that,  like  Nor-« 
folk,  it  is  totally  unfit  for  a  naval  station. 

These  arc  all  the  regular  navy  yards  in  the  United 


MLES'  WGEKLY  UEGISTBR— NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 


Ul 


'Wtte  instituted  merely  to  answer  some  temporary 
purpose — thnt  at  New  Orleans  was  desig-ncd  /or  the 
Mse  of  the  flotilla  and  small  craft  on  that  station  ; 
^\]nle  tliut  at  Tchifonta  is  at  present  occupied  wltli 
a  view  to  the  construction  of  a  block  ship  for  the 
protection  of  Lake  Ponchai-train. 

The  seven  res^ular  yards  were  estf-blished  to  meet 
the  demands  of  our  navy  at  a  tim.c  uhen  it  consisted 
of  filiates,  sloops,  and  smaller  vessels,  and  tlie  six 
lesser  ones  were  intended  mostly  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  g-an-boats,  ji^alljes,  &c.  but  not  one  of  them 
was  intended  orig-iuiilly  for  the  convenience  of  sliips 
of  the  line.  It  fortunately  happens,  however,  that 
the  yard  at  Boston  can  be  so  improved  as  to  answer 
pvery  purpose,  notwithstanding-  it  was  established, 
like  tlie  others,  at  that  era  of  oiu*  navy  when  ten  or 
twelve  f  igate  and  a  proportionate  number  of  small- 
er ve^scid,  were  considered  as  lai-ge  a  naval  force  as 
the  coimtr}'  could  conveniently  maintain,  and  as 
large  as  its  necessities  would  requh'e — before  the 
.construction  of  ships  of  the  line  was  conceived;  and, 
jn  fict,  before  tlie  creation  of  a  respectable  nav;d 
force  had  become  tlie  favorite  object  of  tlie  people, 
when  shallow  waters  and  a  dilBcidt  i.ccess  were  con- 
sidered essential  to  the  safety  of  our  ships  from  in- 
imical attacks.  These  ideas  have,  however,  since 
been  entirely  exploded ;  the  na^y  of  the  United 
gtutes  has  at  this  d:y,  assumed  a  hig-lier  and  more 
important  character,  and  we  are  already  enabled  to 
(enumerate  among-st  our  ships  of  WiU",  some  whose 
size  and  draug-ht  of  water,  prevent  them  from  ap- 
proflching  more  than  one  or  two  of  the  yards  to 
which  I  have  above  adverted.  Hence  it  becomes 
Jiecessary  to  establisli  others  on  a  more  extensive 
scale  ;  and  as  a  yard  adapted  to  the  accommodation 
of  slups  of  the  largest  class,  will  equally  as  well  ac- 
commodate those  of  the  smallest,  we  have  only  to 
/construct  two  or  three  of  this  description,  and  at 
once  to  abandon  all  the  otiiers  ;  for  no  o!ic  will  ad- 
mit the  necessity  of  keeping  up  at  an  enormous  ex- 
pence,  two  kinds  of  these  establishments.  If  an 
En^dsii  pl'ilosoplicr  cut  a  large  liole  for  his  cat  and 
a  small  one  for  his  kitten,  it  is  no  re;'.son  that  we 
ghoaid  follow  his  example. 

The  place  now  occupied  as  a  navy -yard  at  Boston 
is  well  calctilated  for  tiie  purpose,  and  when  sup- 
plied with  dry  docks  and  some  few  additional  build- 
ings will  be  admirably  fitted  for  the  accommiodation 
of  ships  of  the  line.  Vessels  "of  the  largest  class  may 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year  with  a  fair  wind  c:ist  ofi' 
their  fasts  fi-om  the  yard  wharf,  and  without-being 
und..r  .-.'e  'Lcessity  of  le  Jng  go  an  iuchor,  m:vy  pro- 
ceed direct  to  sea;  and  whatever  m;.y  be  the  force 
•f  the  enemy,  it  is  totally  impossible  for  him  to 
blockade  tlie  harbor  during  the  rigor  of  the  winter 
sea  ) :,  so  as  effectually  to  prevent  the  sailing  of  any 
vessel.  These  observations  apply  with  equal  force 
to  the  scite  of  the  j'ard  ,.  P^rts  outh,  b  ,  as  I  bc- 
fjre  i-.jmarked,  its  viciiuty  to  tlie  one  at  Boston  ren- 
ders one  or  tlie  other  entirely  useless,  and  of  the 
two  that  at  Boston  should  be  preferred. 

The  next  eligible  spot  for  a  yard  of  the  proper 
kind  is  at  New-Port,  11.  I.  Nature  has  there  formeJ 
one  of  the  finest  and  most  capacious  harbors  in  the 
world;  free  from  all  obstructions  bv  ice — easy  of 
access  to  tlie  largest  ships — ilifficult  to  blockade-^ 
of  a  central  situation — secure  from  all  external  H.t- 
tacks,  and  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  it  has  a  free 
and  open  egress  to  the  ocean.  New-Port  may  be  so 
fortified  as  to  defy  the  wliole  united  power  of  tlie 
British  navy,  and  our  ships  of  war  lay  at  the  same 
\ime  in  perfect  security  within  sight  of  tlie  ocean. 
A  yard  at  this  place,  provided  with  dry  docks  and 
ti}l  Other  nccessaiy  convenicncesj  vv'ould  lie  capable 


of  accommodating  the  largest  ships  we  mav  ev*r 
build,  and,  when  defended\v  the  necessary  fortifi- 
. nations,  would  be  conducive  at  the  same  time  to  a 
great  and  mo.st  hnportant  national  benefit.  For,  be- 
sides preventing  an  enemy  from  possessing  himself 
of  a  position  that  in  all  respects  would  be  of  gi-eat 
advantage  to  him  and  highly  injurious  to  us,  we 
shotdd  be  enabled  to  avail  ourselves  of  it  as  an  efu 
fectual  protection  for  the  navigation  from  thence 
to  New-York,  Long-Island  Sound  and  the  Tinej-ard: 
and  thus  prevent  a  few  hostile  frigates  fi-om  cutting 
offthecommimicatjonby  water  between  our  south- 
ern and  northern  states.  Indeed  no  place  in  the 
world,  I  will  venture  to  say,  offers  greater  facilities 
and  advan'.ages  for  a  naval' establishment;  and  a  ne- 
glect to  occupy  it  would  be  most  unpardonable. 

A  third  eligible  scite  for  an  extensive  navy-yard 

will  be  fjv.nd  at  York  river  on  the  Chesape.ike. 

Dming  the  revolutionary  war,  line-of-battle  ships 
proceeded  up  this  river  as  high  as  York-Town, 
wluch  can  as  eflectually  be  protected  by  batteries 
as  any  other  place,  on  account  of  the  favorable  situ, 
ation  of  the  adjacent  heights  and  projecting  points. 
Ships  of  the  greatest  draught  of  water  may 'proceed 
even  above  York-Town  without  being  impeded  by 
obstructions  of  any  kind,  and  the  same  wind  which 
brings  them  within  the  capes  will  take  them  to  their 
finc]ior3g;e  before  the  town.  In  like  manner  the  same 
wind  whicii  wafts  them  from  York  will  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year  carry  them  direclly  out  to  sea,  with  no 
ice  nor  any  other  dangers  to  encounter  them  in  their 
course.  In  addition  to  the  safety  of  its  harbor,  no 
vessels  can  pass  tip  tlie  bay  nor  even  eni  er  the  c.ipes 
without  tlie  knowledge  of  sliips  at  York;  and  tliere 
can  be  no  doubt  hut  that  a  naval  establislnnent  at 
this  place,  constructed  upon  a  projier  scale,  would 
not  only  be  adequate  to  its  ovvn  protection  (.-md 
from  its  vicinity  to  the  sea  be  extremely  difficult  to 
blockade)  but  in  proportion  to  the  force  stationed 
there,  would  also  affiard  protection  to  the  bay  and 
southern  coast.  Will  it  now  be  credited,  that  with 
six  ships  of  the  line  and  as  many  fiigates  stationed 
at  York,  the  city  of  Washington  and  Ilavre-de- 
f;race  could  belaid  in  ruins — Alexandria  plundered 
— Baltimore  attacked — and  both  shores  of  the  Che 
sapcake  ravaged  l)y  two  or  three  ships  of  the  line,  a 
few  contemptible  frigates  and  small  craft,  and'  a 
uandful  of  mercenary  troops?  York-Town,  wiien 
once  properly  defended  by  ^n  extensive  naval  dc. 
pot,  would  always  present  an  insuperable  barrier  to 
the  passage  of  any  hostile  force  above  it;  whilt-  to 
attempt  a  blockade  of  it,  without  the  aid  of  iupplit-s 
from  the  borders  of  the  Cliesapeake,  would  require 
a  force  more  tlian  double  the  quantum  of  that  sta- 
tioned there. 

But  since  tlie  British  have  taaight  us  tiiat  the  Pa- 
tuxentmay  be  ascended  by  ships  of  the  Hue  as  hin-h 
up  as  Benedict,  some  spot  on  that  river  has  been 
spoken  of  as  a  suitable  one  for  a  yard  of  the  proper 
kind.  It  is  only  necessary  to  enqiure,  howc\-er,  in 
what  manner  ships  of  war  lying  hi  the  Patuxent 
could  give  any  sort  of  protecdon  to  the  Chesapeake.'' 
In  York  river  they  wUl  be  invariably  in  sight  of 
the  hay  and  in  t'le  neighborhood  of  its  capes,  but 
in  the  Patuxent  they  willbe  ju5t  about  of  as  much 
service  as  if  they  were  anchored  at  Baltimore  or  at 
Washington.  The  towms  on  the  bay  might  be  re'- 
duced  to  ashes— its  shores  desolated — and  tlie  ene- 
my beyond  the  reach  of  chastisement,  before  our 
ships  in  tlie  Patuxent  could  clear  the  river's  mouth. 

There  are  other  objects,  however,  to  be  taken 
inta  consideration  in  making  choice  of  a  proper 
scite  for  a  navy -yard,  independent  of  tlie  security  it 
.uiav  be  made  to  ufibrd  to  sliips  of  war  against  ex,tcr- 


J  43    NiLEv^'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,  1815. 


snal  attack':.  Let  it  never  be  forgotten  tliat  ships 
can  not  only  pioftcct  tliemselvcs  but  afford  protec- 
tion to  others.  We  liave  only  to  selcQt  suital)le 
'^cites  for  the  yards,  and  to  make  tlicm  tlie  rep-ulav 
rendezvous  for  all  our  ships  of  war,  and  you  mjy 
vest  assured  that  whc:;  tlius  disposed  they  will  be 
-fible  to  extend  their  protection  from  one  extreme 
of  our  coast  to  the  other.  A  small  fleet  at  Boston, 
another  at  'N'ew-rort  and  a  third  at  Yoi-k-Towu 
■ft'ould  require  little  other  protection  beyond  wliat 
tliey  coidd  aflbrd  in  themselves.  An  idea  however 
seems  to  liavc  prevailed  among  many  that  ships  of 
war  in  port  arc  not  in  a  state  of  defence  and  require 
the  aid  of  land  batteries  to  ])rotect  them  This  is  a 
mistaken  iden;  for  i(  should  not  be  forgotten  that 
ships  of  war  are  themselves  batterieii,  and  strong 
moving  ones  too,  and  that  when  attacked  by  an 
enemy  (wiiieli  must  always  be  by  a  similar  species 
pf  force)  the  latter  can  have  no  advantage  whatever 
over  them  except  tliat  wliich  consists  in  a  superiority 
of  numbers.  Evoi  in  this  ctse,  unless  that  supcrio- 
I'jty  be  beyond  all  reason,  his  advantage  will  not  be 
great  when  wc  take  into  consideration  the  niany 
pectdiar  circumstances  |)y  which  we  can  profit  in 
laying  propci"  plans  of  defence  and  in  practising-  va- 
rious stratagems;  of  warfare.  Macdonough  was  at- 
tacked while  at  anclior  in  an  oj^en  road-sted  by  a 
tbrce  greatly  superior  to  that  imder  his  command, 
jind  vet  gained  the  most  unexampled  success  with- 
out any  protection  or  a>;.sistance  fiom  land  batteries 
pn  shore.  And  in  fact,  what  may  be  the  force  of  the 
enemv  en  pur  coast,  if  we  can  kepp  liim  em;)loyed  in 
this  way,  it  would  be  f;a-  preferable  to  ar,y  other 
course  of  measures  wliich  would  leave  him  at  liberty 
to  desolate  our  v.'ealthy  sea-liorad,  spread  conster- 
nation aiiiongst  its  inhabitants,  and  utterly  paralyze 
our  commerciid  efforts. 

In  giving  }ou  my  th.oughts  on  the  subject  of  se- 
lecting proper  sites  for  itiwy  yp.rds,  I  have  only  de- 
signated tliree,  as  I  consider  tliat  number  fully  ade- 
quate to  supr)ly  the  wants  of  our  navy,  were  it  even 
&s  large  as  that  pf  Great  Britain.  But  in  its  ))rescnt 
state  tViO  would  be  aii-sufRcient ;  though,  v'ere 
three  required,  there  certainly  cm  be  no  places 
pointed  out  more  suitable  than  those  I  have  before 
alluded  to,  to  wit,  Boston,  Xewport  and  York-river  : 
tecause  these  three  possess,  respectivelj-,  exclusive 
of  all  other  advRiitages,  the  one  indi.'jpensablc  requi- 
site, without  which  no  spot  in  the  universe  would 
ynswer  the  ])arpose,  viz.  a  sufficici.l  dcjjtli  cj' -ivah'r, 
(It  all  limes,  to  adtrtU  the  approach  of  xhips  of  the  lar- 
gest chi.is*  All  die  other  yrj'ds  and  establishmeiits 
might  i)e  soul,  buildings  crecved,  dry-docks  estab 
Jished,  and  all  the  other  necessary  conveniences 
prepared  for  an  extensive  and  profitable  accommo- 
dation of  our  navy.  It  may  be  objected,  however, 
to  these  three  places,  that  they  have  not  a  sufficient 
rise  of  tide  for  di"}-docks.  In  answer  to  this  it  is 
only  necessary  to  state,  that  where  streiimi  of  wa- 
ter exist  locks  maybe  constructed,  and  tiiat  where 
no  streams  exist  stpam-engines  can  supply  their 
place. 

Wheii  navy  yards  v/cre  fi.rst  established  in  this 
Country,  the  navy,  although  a  great  fiivorite  of  the 

*I  would  beg  you  to  notice  particularly,  |hat  there 
^s  but  one  objection,  absolutely  necessary  to  urge 
against  the  adoption  of  a  site  as  a  suitable  one  for 
the  pt-rmanent  establishment  of  an  extensive  yard  ; 
to  wit,  t/ie  ivant  of  a  siijfideiii  depth  of  -water  at  all 
fimes  to  admit  the  approach  of  a  ship  of  the  line.  "\Vlien- 
ever  this  objection  holds  g'bod,  the  question  is  de- 
cided at  once  ;  for  the  objection  is  an  insuperable 


tovei-nment,  was  not  so  with  the  people;  andhenc£ 
It  became  necessary  to  resort  to  all  practical)le  mea- 
s;-re3  for  the  inupose  of  thoroughly  reconciling  them 
t.-)  bcir  the  cxpcnce  of  a  few  frigates.  The  estab- i 
lishment  of  navy  yards  was  one  of  these  measureg. 
For  they  were  induced  to  believe,  fi  om  a  knowledge 
of  the  views  of  the  government  in  selecting  the 
sites,  that  the  money  expended  in  the  sujiport  qf 
these  frigates  would,  to  a  certain  extent,  return  ii>. 
to  tlieir  pockets  through  this  channel,  very  naturally 
considerhig  the  equipment  and  repairing  of  shijis 
as  fit  objects  for  them  to  profit  by  ;  and,  as  it  might 
be  expected,  from  the  prevalence  of  tins  un"-cncr- 
ous  opinion,many  frauds  and  peculations  have  result- 
ed, highly  prejudicial  to  the  general  intere.',ts  oftlici 
United  States.  These,  however,  ;;re  not  the  onU" 
evils  tliat  exist,  even  at  this  late  day.  The  enoj- 
mous  expence  unavoidably  incurred  in  maintaiiung 
ten  useless  establisl-.ments  on  the  Atlantic,  and 
three  others,  equall}'  useless,  on  the  lakes,  swallows 
up,  annually,  a  large  proportion  of  tlie  fiinds  a]>- 
propriated  for  tlie  service  of  the  navy,  At  cacli  of 
tlie^e  places,  be  they  ever  so  small  or  insignificant, 
tliere  are  regularly  stationed  a  captain,  or  commaii- 
dant,  one  or  more  lieutenants,  sailing-master.';  ma- 
rine officers,  surgeons,  pursers,  midshipmen, 'mas- 
ter's-mates>  l)oatswain3,  gunners,  carpenters,p,aards, 
sailors,  landsmen,  &c.  &c.  all  on  full  pay,  and  hang- 
ing, like  so  many  dead  weights,  around  the  neclc 
of  tlie  treasury  pm'se.  All  these  are  not  only  en- 
tirely useless  to  the  nayy,  but,  worse  than  all,  by 
exhaustipg  an  incredible  portion  of  our  ways  ancl 
means,  they  retard  the  progress  of  its  iiopiovcment, 
and  almopt  totally  prevent  its  augmentation.  'J'o 
dlusti-ate  the  truth  of  tliesc  remarks,  I  subjoin  an 
estimate  of  the  annual  expence  of  one  of  tJiose  es- 
tablishments, selected,  not  from  amongst  those  at 
which  ships  have  been  mo.stly  fitted  and  refilled, 
but  as  one  of  tlie  least  imjiorlance  among-.st  tliose  at 
which  not  more  than  two  frigates  have  been  repair- 
ed in  tlie  course  of  some  years.  This  estimate  is 
founded  upon  official  papers  and  not  upon  vague 
surmises  and  conjectures ;  it  may,  therefore,  be  con- 
sidered as  accurate  and  cmplo3'ed  as  such.  It  mav, 
indeed,  excite  some  surprize  that  so  mr.nv  officers 
should  be  attached  at  one  time  to  this  unprofitable 
est.iblisliment,  but  it  shpuld  be  known  that  stations 
of  this  sort  are  most  commonly  sought  for])y  such 
ofl^cers  as  are  averse  to  engage  in,  or  feel  tliem- 
selvcs incompetent  to  conduct-  entcrjirizcs  requu-ing 
talents  and  discrimination.  The  navy  denartment, 
therefore,  placing  as  little  confidencc'in  the  acquire- 
ments of  these  officers  as  they  themselves,  by  way 
indulging  their  inclinations  and  relieving  itself  fi'om 
their  huportunities,  locates  them  at  these  inferior 
establishments  whereat  it  is  presumed  the^•  can  do 
no  harm,  and  where  it  is  expected  they  will' do  little 
or  no  good  ;  and  thus  these  establishments  become 
gradually  clogged  with  the  most  idle  and  least  va- 
luable members  of  the  service.  1  do  not,  by  any 
means,  intend  to  embrace  in  this  last  assertion  all 
the  officers  attacliedat  present  to  the  several  yardu, 
because  some  of  them  I  know  v)  be  officers  of"  great 
merit;  and,  moreover,  in  general^  the  utilhy  of  a 
yard  bears  a  due  proportion  to  the  abilities  of  the 
bflicer  who  commands  it.  Upon  the  whole,  however, 
these  unnecessary  establishments  are,  at  best,  mere 
sinks  of  the  f.-nds  of  the  navj- ;  they  are  fair  game 
for  a  host  of  speculators  and  others,  wiio  constantly 
prowl  about  them,  and  watch  every  opjjortunity  to 
take  advantage  of  the  government.  And,  as  the 
duties  rcqinred  in  them  are  in  some  cases  carelessly 
attended  to  or  negkctcd,  and  the  siaiati.jns  con- 
riccte4  "with  tliQiii  arc  mostly  £;oiicited  for  tiiQ  sake 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— INTERNAL  IMPROVEBIENTS.        543 


of  convenience,  we  ought  not  to  wonder  that  in 
some  instances,  those  attaclied  to  tliem  were  acces- 
sory to,  and  interested  in  the  impositions  practised 
on  tlie  [government. 

For  the.-e  extensive  evils  tliere  is  an  infdlible  re- 
medy ;  .iiil,  :dthoug-li  the  subject  is  not  adverted  to 
in  yirar  ietucr,  I  shall  endeavor  at  some  future  od- 
portunity  to  give  you  an  idea  of  my  plan  in  efiectiv- 
ally  applying-  this  remedy.  I  may  add,  liowever, 
that  the  cliicf  ingredient  of  this  remcdv  is  an  im- 
mediate reduction  of  the  number  of  yards. 
1  am,  3-our  obedient. 

Estimated  animal  expence  of  the  United  States'  JVavtj 
Yard  at  J\,oifalk,  as  far  as  the  same  could  be  ascer- 
tained : — 

PERSONS.  ^^^'  ''^''ons,  &c.  per  annum,  in- 
cluding fire  «oud,  house  vent,  &c 

1  Captam,  commanding  -  .    ^3,420 

1  Captain  .  .  ,  l^grjo 

1  Master-commandant  .  ,.       1,358 

1  Lieutenant-sommandant  ,  1,056 

1  Lieutenant  -  .  ,.  753 

1  Surgeon         .  .  ,  782 

1  Suilmg-master     -  -  ,  662 

1  Pur>cr  -  -  .  ,     662 

1  Master's-mate     -  -  ,  422 

1  Boatswain     -  -  -  .     422 

2  Midshipmen        -  -  .  628 

1  Gunner          -  -             -             ^     422 

2  Quarter-gunners  r  -  6O4 
1  Coxswain  -.,,,.  go2 
1  Cook  -  -  •  r  302 
1  Purser's-steward  .  -  .  302 
1  Blacksmith  -  .-  .  1,200 
1  Carpenter  .-  .-  ,-  .1,000 
1  Blockmaker  -  .-  -  1,000 
1  Saiimaker  -  .-  -  1,000 
1  Armorer  ,-  .-  -  600 
1  Mast-maker  .-  .-  -  800 
1  Cooper     -             -  .             .           800 

1  Boat-builder  -  -  -    900  ' 

Laborers— say,       ;     '       .-  -        1,000 


A  navy  agent,  Vv-hose  income  is, 
A  store-keeper 


2,000 
1,200 


Seamen,  O.  se.anien,  Sic.  notless  than  10,800 
A  detachment  of  marines,  consist- 
ing of  a  captain's  command,  9,176 


22,297 


3,200 


Now,  deducting  from  this  the  annual  expence  of  the 
thrccyards  hereinbefore  recommer-ded,  according  to 
the  foregoing  calculation,  to  wit,  ^142,419,  (a  sum 
far  beyond  that  v.hich  will  be  actually  retpiired  for 
tlie  maintenance  of  these  yards  when" they  come  to 
be  properly  organ ize<l)  there  will  remain"  to  be  ap- 
projM-ialed,  annually,  for  other  purpo.-es,  tlie  sum 
of  g617,l49.  And  as  the  hull,  masts  and  spars  of 
a  4.4  gun  frigate  cost  §95,000,  therefore,  by  a  re- 
duction of  t]ic  yards,  accordingtotlse  pl;,n  proposed, 
there  will  be  saved  a  sum  sulticicrd  to  build,  annu- 
ally, six  fiigates  of  the  largest  class. 


19,976 

<545,473 
To  which  may  be  added  for  house  rent,  fire 
wood,  candles,  stationary,  furniture,  &c. 
for  conmiissioned  and  warrant  officers, 
wlio  cannot  be  accommodated  in  tlie 
yard,  2,000 


§47,473 


Some  of  the  yards  undoubtedly  cost  less  annual- 
ly to  support  them  than  this  sum  ;  but  it  should  be 
recollected,  at  the  same  time,  that  the  one  at  Bos- 
ton, that  at  New-York,  at  Philadelphia,  and  at  New- 
Oi'leans,  cost  mucli  more.  Taking  tjiis  sum,  how- 
ever, for  a  data  of  the  annual  expence  of  one  yard, 
the  aggregate  annual  amount  recpiired  to  support 
the  thirteen  yards,  or  naval  establishments,  on  the 
Atlantic,  together  with  those  at  Erie,  Sackett's 
Harbor,  and  lake  Champlain,  will  be  gr59j5G8. — 


Ifiternal  Improvements. 

FliOM    TME    PF.NSSYLVAXIA   Kr.PtBLICiX. 

Statement  of  appropriations  made  by  the  Jcq-islature  of 
Pemisi'lvamu  since  Javuarij,  1809,  collected  from 
the  laivs  and  official  reports. 
In  1809. — Downingtown  &  Lphrata turnpike  310,000 
Hamburg  academy    (a    lot   was 
also  given  by  the  state  to  this 
academy)     '     -  .  .  i^00(j 

In  1810.     fJrcensburg  academy         -         -         .2,000 
Somcrfict  do.  -  .  2,000 

Cettysburg       do.  -  .  2,000 

C:u-michael's  town  do.  -         .     2,000 

Betl.'ord  do.  -  -  2,000 

Roads  and  bridges  -        -         4,900 

In  1811. — Butler  academy         .         -         .         2  000 
JMcadville  do.  -  .         .         1.000 

Cl-.ester  do.  ....     2',000 

"Wiiliamsport         ....    2,000 
Pe;-kiomen  turnpike         .         -  7,500 

A])propriated   to   sundry  roads, 

m>dcr  act  of  2d  April  1811         -     20,000 
By  act  of  the  s.ame  d.ate  the  follow- 
ing appropriations  were  made,  viz: 
Great  western  turnpike         -         35Q,0(j() 
Turri[3ike   from   Northumberland 

to  Watcrford  -  .  -■  200,000 
DowningLOwn  &  Ephrata  turnpike  1 5,000 
MiUbrd  and  Oswego  turnpike  10,000 
ll.arrisburg  Inidge  -  -         90,00'J 

Nortliumberland  do.         .         .        50,00(! 
Columbia  do.         .         -         .  90,000 

IM'Call's  do.  ...  20,000 

In  1812. — Western     turnpike,    the    nothcrn 

route  ....         100,000 

Centre  turnpike  ...      15,0()u 

Perkiomen  do.  ...         7,5C(; 

State  prison  (hicluding  by  act 
of  2d  April  1811,  5,000)         .       30,000 
In  1813.— State  arsenal         ....   15,000 
AVaAue  county  academy         .         .     2,00  ■■ 

Atliens  do 2,0J(i 

Orwigsbiirg  do.         ...         2,000 

Bustleton  do.         ....      500 

■\'enango   comity  do.         -         -         2,0;J0 

Improvements  of  certain  creeks         1,100 

In  1814. — Lehigh  academy       -         -         -         2,00(,' 

Indiana  do.  ....     2;000 

MitHin  do.         ....         2,00^ 

In  1815.— Lewiston  do.         .         -         -         -    2,000 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  the  state  inci'casccL 

lier  stock  hi  the  city  banks,    by  investing-  tl.ercin 

nearly  §600,000,  since  the  first'of  January  1809. 

Our  infant  manufxtures  also  received  a  share  o.' 
the  attention  of  tlie  legislature,  by  loans  ofmontv 
^\here  the)'  promise  success  and  usefulness. 

The  improvements  of  the  state  since  1809  is  fm-- 
thcr  evidenced  in  the  passage  of  more  than  40  act; 
for  turnpikes  and  about  20  acts  for  bridges  exclu- 


144     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-^SATURDAY,  OCTQBEIl  28,  1815. 


H9ively  of  those  ofM'Gall's,  ColiiTnL'.:!,  fLu-rlsbiir^, 
and  Nortliumherland,  over  t3ie  SusqueUanna;  5  ui 
-the  20  are  for  bridges  over  tlie  ScluiyUall,  3,  over 
the  Delaware,  2  over  tlie  Monongalieia,  1  over  the 
Alleg-liany,  2  over  the  Juniutu,  1  over  tlic  Susque- 
Jiraiii:*,  and  some  over  creeks. 

r.  may  ^^ot  he  inipioper  to  add  the  expenditures 
by  Pciinsylv^inia  durint^-  and  on  account  ul'the  late 
"ivar,  also  derived  from  official  reports: 

In  1812, SS2,700 

1813, 92,770 

1814, 470,000 

In  atldition  to  wliich  the  state  pai;!  its 
quota  of  the  United  States  direot  tax  for 
1813        ..-...,    310,600 

'J'he  state  also  loaned  the  United  States 
309,()0'J  dollars,  to  enable  her  tu  pay  our 
militia. 

The  appropriations  for  crectinr;  the  public  oi^oes 
&t  the  scat  of  g'overnmcnt  (about  eii^lity  thoussiiul 
dollars)  and  i.ppropriations  for  uiany  other  puT'poses 
h.uve  been  purposely  omitted;  as  ttie  principal  ob- 
ject of  the  foregoing  statement  is  to  shew  those  for 
roads,  bridges,  &,c. 

This  research  lias  given  me  mueh  satisfaction, 
■and  I  conceive  wilt  be  read  v.'ith  pleasure  by  every 
pcnnsylvanian.  For  lilthough  nu:ch  more  jnig-jit 
and  onerht  to  have  been  done  in  improvliiy  our  btatc, 
the  attentive  observtr  will  sec  that  in  ine  last  siv, 
years,  thei-e  hns  been  a  spirit  and  disposition  in  our 
iegishitm-e  in  favom*  of  improvements,  never  before 
cxhibiled. 

The  participation  by  Pennsylvania  in  the  measures 
of  the  late  ■'.v*'-''>  i^  iiii>o  a  source  of  great  satiif.ction 
■\o  its   cilizcijs. 


Interesting  Letter, 

Fno-,1  coMiir.rr's  ni:i;isTEK,  AUtfVST  5. 
QHo  the  fjcople  (./  all  partte>i  in  the    United  S(ati's  of 

Aiitericii,   on   lihC  rieceasUij  of  tlieir  beiiiv  prepared 

fur  the  d fence  of  their  ctjinitry. 

Iit>Ti.Er,  July  29,  1815. 

Before  this  reaches  yon,  you  v.'ill  have  lieard  of 
the  gre.at  events  wliich  liave  taken  place  hi  Europe. 
These  cvcntr,  if  you  striously  look  at  them,  will 
con->ince  you  that  it  is  h.igh  tiine  for  you  to  beta|-.e 
yourselves  to  tr.e  means  of  making  your  country  ;i 
durable  asylum  for  tiie  ojjjm  essed  of  all  nations  :  a 
safe  abode  of  freedom.  Tuis  is,  in  no  way,  to  be 
done,  but  by  arming  i/ourselve.s ,-  by  keeping  vqiu-- 
f<elves  crjnslantly  armed  ;  by  being,  at  all  times",  rej 


in..ii  m  l'"r.u;cc,  wlio  iu'.s  don©,  or  wivo  i-.s  suspcctad  of 
wishing- 10  do,  any  diing  to  preserve  the  iibertits  o^ 
Vac  l-'rcncii  nation.  You  wiU  see,  that,  now  Napoleuii 
is  VvLoiiy  uuaDle  lo  act  againsi  ii-.e  ivings  oi  Euiope, 
diese  men  arc  direoi)ni>;  Uieir  luaiice  iiS4-;.inst  silt  time 
tiiey  tiUiiic  liivciy  lo  oppose  u»eir  vievi'S  of  wilvemul 
oppression.  Vui-i  Wiii  ^ec,  tha;.,  as  tiic  king  of  i'rance 
does  noc  appear  disposed  to  sued  blooci,  and  to  strii* 
tiie  people  aniiosi,  of  Uieh' very  bkias,  inese  nieix  lU'e 
urging  tlic  aiiiea  to  take  tlie  work  inio  taelr  o'ah 
uauds.  You  wi;i  see,  in  sliort,  tiiat  they  aavc  now' 
unCisguLieuiy  avowed,  tiiat  Engl.uid  and  Kuropc 
can  never  be  nife,  wniie  one  parLicic  of  i'lVCiio.n  is 
left  in  i'rance  ;  wiiile  any  thing  but  misery  oind  .sla- 
ve;*y  ui-e  ietl  in  that  popuioius  ua'd  cxteu'sive  cuuuiry. 

We  arc  not  to  believe  it  possible,  ttiat  tiiese  sa- 
vage, these  murderousii-econnne:utatio«Sj  will  be  fol- 
lowed ;  nor,  if  followed,  are  we  to  believe,  that  Vne 
wishes  of  tnese  fiends  hi  human  sii^pe  wquidbe  ac- 
complished. V/e  are  not  to  believe  it  ponsibie,  that, 
anv  Av>;.o-,  or- any  minister,  will  euiert:uii-  tiie  wisJi,' 
Imuch  less  atteniiu  die  deed,  of  niidcint^  uciguboihig, 
lor  rival  nations,  wretfjhed  'far  a  ce-aunij,'"  i'^^X.  tneir 
Igrowiii  and  prosperity  sho-ald  endanger  ins  power 
and  mcauii  of  living  hi  splendor.  ^Ve  arc  not  to  LjCt 
lievc  it  po.isiliie,  ti)r  inbtance,  tlvit  any  kmg,  or  nii- 
luster,  of  Kngland,  will  ever  entertain  the  horrid 
•.vish  of  '■<puiU/!£'  yuii  bacf^'  f''  "  centm-y"  that  you 
m.'.y  not  be  able  to  cope  witii  ium.  ihtt  wiiiie  you 
actual!^  see  that  there  are  public  v.-riters,  even  in 
this  country,  who  not  only  openly  avo\Y  sucli  wishes, 
and  that  too,  with  respect  to  America,  as  v/ell  as 
witli  respect  to  Frarice,  o^igiit  you  not  to  think  it 
possible,  that,  in  some  part  or  other  of  Uie  world^ 
sooner  or  later,  the  principles  of  liiese  men  may  po.s- 
ses9  the  minds  of  tliose  who  ii;;vy  be  able  to  endeavor, 
at  least,  to  put  them  into  execution  .■' 

These  writers  p.re  men  otgreat  we-gJit  in  the  world, 
You  have  seen  the  numerous  distances,  in'  wnicli 
tiiey  appeal"  to  have  been  the  dictators  of  faction  in 
mighty  atl-iti's,  Their  \A'riting-s  are  never  to  be  dei 
spised.  Tiicy  ai'C  aiwajs  to  lie  (Utended  to  ,•  and,  f 
besetch  you,  toaltaidto  them.  Thcv  hate  you  mor-, 
tail}',  chiefly  because  you  are  really  free,  and  because 
you  eshibk  to  tlie  world  the  g-reat  example  of  order, 
tranquility,  prosperity  unparalleled,  under  a  go- 
vcrrj-nent  of  suck  mildness  and  cheapness.  Tiicy 
-irc  men.  of  excellent  menuiries, :  rrvenq;:  is  never  ex- 
liiiguished  in  tlicir  breasts  :  from  the  same  motive 
that  they  now  recGmmend  tlic  murder  of  the  great 
and  generous  conqiieror  of  tiie  continent  of  Europe, 
they  Viould,  if  they  had  the  powder,  tear  j'our  bodies 


dy  to  enter  the  field  of  battle  ;    and  this  state  of!  to  pieces.     Be  you  assured,  that  these  men  will  die. 


jueparation  is  to  be  effected  only  by  xifi^e.  oj'g-aniza-. 
t^on. 

If  you  look  into  otir  newspapers  of  a  furiniglit 
past,  you  will  see,  that  they  have  now  openly  and 
unreservedly  promulg-ated  principles,  according  to 
vhich  your  c,untiy  might  be  laudahly  invaded,  your 
cities  laid  in  ashes,  your  women  violated,  yonrseives 
robbed  and  murdered,  even  in  the  lioui'  of  peace. 
You  -w-ill  see,  that  they  recommend  the  perpetual 
i-nprisonment,  or  the  murder,  of  Xapolkox,  \v'ho  iias 
£.-Iven  him;;elf  up  as  a. prisoner  of  ivnr,  A\liose  victo- 
j-ies  were  never  stamed  by  cruelty  or  insult  to  tlie 
c -p-dxe,  and  to  whose  ciemency  so  many  old  reign- 
iiig  fimiues  owe  the  preservation  of  that  power,  un- 
d  ?r  the  combination  of  whicii  he  has,  at  last,  fdien. 
I'ou  will  see,  that  tliey  recommend  t'.ie  murder  of 
every  man,  who  has  distinguished  himself  by  his 
exertions  against  the  hornb.'e  feudal  and  ecclesi^su- 
(E  d  tyranny  formerly  existing  in  France.  You  win  see, 
Jiat  they  almost  literally  titirst  ior  the  blood  of  e vcrv 


vilhotU  liaviii''-  feit  oiie  single  moment  of  solid  sa- 
tisf.iclion,  imleas  tiie;,'  see  your  political  institutions 
destro}  ed,  your  country  made  a  heap  of  ruins,  and 
yourselves  reduced  to  the  most  degrading  slavery. 

Willie  you  know,  Ihat  such  passions  are  existing 
i!i  the  world;  while  you  see,  that  the  human  mind 
may  be  so  brutalized,  so  corrupted,  and  so  hardened 
against  the  iveling's  which  nature'  inspires,  it  be- 
comes you  to  guard  your  liberties  and  your  lives — 
Lo  begin  betitnes  to  prepare  for  their  protection 
agah>si.  the  acts  to  winch  such  passions  may  ftnally 
lead.  And,  let  not  .tny /;;i,";y/ amongst  you  suppose, 
Jiat  these  men,  if  they  could  stir  up  an  enemy 
against  you,  would  make  any  cxceptiovn  in  favor  of 
i!pu  party.  Until  they  saw  half  a  mi-ilion  of  the  al- 
lies in  France,  they  v/erc  applaudirig  the  royalist-f, 
and  urging  tliem  on  to  cut  the  throats  of  their  re- 
puLliciU  countrvmen.  But,  i;ow,  tiie}- m.-ike  no  dix. 
tinvtioii.'i.  It  is  now  France  that  is  to  be  pundsiied  ; 
it  is  v.ow,   not  Nitpqleon,  but  the  jacobins ;    it*  ^s 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— COBBETTS  LETTER. 


145 


:^yaJies  that  is  to  be  "p^/t  bach  for  a  cenhiru"  Onl_y 
\,^^iii!k,  fur  a  moment,  of  the  meuns  thut  must  be  used 
to  accomplish  sacb"  a  purpodo.  Oaly  thinl<^  of  the 
■  pillaging-,  the  niUrdei-s,  the  acts^  of  devastation, 
\vhich  are  necessaiy  'even  to  aiford  a  chance  of  ef- 
fecting- such  M\  end.'  Only  think  of  the  rancor,  tlie 
'b!God.v-irijndedne;3s,  tlMt  niusuaiave  eng-enderedsuch 
iv.i  idea.  These  men  now  applaad  the  f-aleralints, 
whom  tiiej^  call  tlie  "sound  pi;rt  of  tiie  people." — 
KuT,  if  they  could  urg-e  any  power  to  invade  yon, 
t!ic  fcJerati.its  would  soon  find,  as  the  royalists  in 
I''rance  now  dp,  th.at  it  is  a^ain.'-jt  the  ivkole  covnuii, 
ag-ainst  tlie  proi^pevity  and  happiiies.s  of  the  whole 
nation,  tliat  their  hatre<l  is  directed.  No\y  and  then, 
■when  tlu-own  olf  their  g-iiai'd  by  some  particular 
cause  of  exr.speration,  tiiey  confound  iii  their  ;ibu.se, 
both  parties  uhder  the  name  of  "th".  American  /"  and, 
I  have  been  not  a  liitle  amiised  at  reading-,  in  a  Bos- 
ton fed;-ral  p:.per,  serious,  bui  very  plaintii'e,  remon- 
strances  upon  this  score,  stating-,  "tjiat  it  is  unjust 
in  these  our  writpvs  to  confuuiul  the  different  descrip- 
iion.s  of  4'-nericans  thus  :  that  they  oug-'it  to  dis- 
criminate .'  that  tiiey  are  rig'ht  in  venting-  tlieir  ha- 
tred ag-ainst  the  democrats  r  but,  that  they  sJiould 
recollect,  tiiat  tiie  fi-'di'raliiits  are  a  very  g'ood  and 
J-espectable  sort  of  people,  lovers  of  order  and  re- 
lig-ion,  and  that,  besides,  they  actually  fig-ht  the  bat- 
tles of  these  writers  in  America."  Let  these  malig- 
nant men  only  be  able  to  stir  up  the  me:uis  of  do- 
i'.ig-  j-ou  miscluef,  and  the  auihors  of  these  iiumble 
wailii.g-s  will  soon  sec,  that  theh-  hatred,  like  the 
gullet,  is  norespecier  of  parties  or  persons.  Before 
the  .diies  were  in  France,  they  told  us,  that  ail  the 
'■'nound  part  of  the  commimity,"  (keep  tliis  phrase 
in  mind)  were  decidedly  in  i'avor  of  the  king-,  and 
especially  tlie  "g-ood  and  respectable  Jiourc^oisie.'l 
But,  no~iU  they  announce  to  us,  wit))  delight,  tlie 
sums  of  money  and  the  masses  of  food  imd  drink, 
which,  as  they  tell  us,  the  allies  are  comjjelilng-  the 
"aound"  as  well  as  unsound  to  pay.  I'hey  tell  us, 
witli  particular  satisfaction,  that  the  "honest  old 
marsiial  Riuchcr,"  is  quartering-  his  soldiers  upon 
the  people  of  Paris  :  that  is,  upon  the  "good  and  j-i?- 
spectable  Boitr^njisii.;"  v/ho  were  so  hearty  and  faith- 
ful in  the  cause  of  the  king-.  This  is  the  ti'eatmcnt 
they  approve  of  as  to  the  ro\aiists  in  France  ;  tliisis 
Xha  way,  in  which  they  turn  round  iipon  tiieir  f.  lends 
there.  And,  would  the*-  not  do  the  same  towards 
their /'Y>;«^/s  in  America? 

I  v.ill  here  insert  a  passag-e  from  theTi:NrF.s  f:ews- 
paper,  and  one  fiom  the  CouaiEu,  under  the  date" of 
the  28th  July,  1815,  in  oi-der  to  give  you  a  speci- 
men of  the  view's  of  our  leadin;.^'-  public  prints.  And 
ag^ain  and  ag-ain,  I  beseech  you  to  viurk  luelt  their 
conduct :  for  I  tell  you,  as,  indeed,  youvnust  know, 
that  they  are  not  singitlar  in  their  wa}'  Qf  thinking-. 
IVe  will  first  hear  the  Covniiju  : 

"  AVe  have  been  given  to  understand  tliat  tlie 
conditions  v.-hich  the  allied  sovereisrns  Ihlnk  it  ne- 
cessary  to  dictate  to  France  in  iier  iwice  captured 
capital,  will  be  made  known  in  a  few  davs,  One  of 
the  French  papers  on  Monday  announces  that  tiie 
treaty  of  Paris  is  to  be  maintained;  that  of  course  the 
territory  of  France  remains  untouched — that  tliere 
are  to  be  contributions  imposed  for  the  cxpcnces 
of  the  war,  all  participati(jn  in  winch,  it  is  under- 
stood, have  been  renounced  by  two  of  the  powers, 
'(\ye  trust  we'-are  not  one) — that  the  allied  troops 
^vill  soon  retire,  except  about  150,000  Itussians,  wliq 
will  evacuate  the  country  by  25,000  at  a  time,  in 
proportion  as  the  Frenc'i  unny  oecoiiies  re-organi/.- 
ed  ;  that  tlie  emperor  of  Austria  lias  declared,  that 
wisliing-  to  avoid  all  cause  of  jealousy  or  umbrage, 
11^  will  not  leave  a  single  Aus.rian  corps  in  France. 


The  jouni.dist  ihen  concludes  with  compliments  to 
the  magnanimity  of  the  allied  powers.  .Magnanirai^ 
ty  !^  call  it  rather  fulhi ,.  but  \':e  do  not  and  cannot 
believe  them  to  be  cujiable  of  throwing  aivcu  in  thi-i 
manner  the  advantages  thej/  havtj  q-ain'ed,  and  of  sa- 
crmcing  tiieir  duty  to  their  subjects.  Leave  the 
French  territory  as  it  was !  and  thus  leave  her 
the  poiusr  ag-ain  to  disturb  the  repose  of  J-hirope  /  en- 
d.jiger  Belgium  !  for  will  any  man  say  she  can  be 
secure  whilst  France  keep;?  her  northern  tortrcsscs  ? 
—Tiie  paragi-aph,  theref-)re,  in  the  Paris  ioiirnal 
cunnoi  be  correct.  The  following  arranTemlnt,  vq 
hear,  will  be  fo-and  to  be  nearer  tiie  truth  :~Tlie 
immediate  disbanding  of  the  army  of  the  Loire  by 
ihe  king — an  ordinance  to  tliat  effect  may  be  ex- 
pected in  a  day  or  two.  V/liy  not  extend"  the  de- 
cree to  the  other  ai-mies  of  France  ? — The  raising 
another  army  comprised  of  men  that  have  proved 
their  fidelity  to  the  king— The  deiiverv  en  de;>ot  to 
the  allies  of  the  strongest  fortresses  till  this  new 
army  is  raised  and  ready  to  act— Eight  millions  of 
francs  as  an  indemnification  to  the  .allies  of  their  ex^ 
pences;  (800  vuUions  vjould  no(  inilenniifi/  thmt.)— 
'i^hc  punishment  oi'  tiie  principal  oHenders'to  be  left 
to  tiie  prudence  of  tiie  king.  If  such  be  the  prin- 
cipal outlines  of  the  new  arrang-cment,  v.'e  can  onh, 
say  that  tiiry  v.ili  be  ant/  thinv  but  sati-factary.  A 
new  iu-my  may  be  faithful  and  foyal  to  the  king— and 
king  wa^  be  pacincaUy  inclined  ;  but  suppose  iu- 


suppose  his  success-jr  should  not ,-  sui^pose 


th 

shoiddnot 

he  should  be  forced  to  follow  the  warlike  iuipulse 
of  the  nation.  The  real,  xvine,  and  sane  policy  is  to 
reduce  the  po-wer  cf  Frunce ,-  that  is  the  only  way  tQ 
prevent  her  from  disturbing  the  peace  of  Eurojie. 
It  is  with  na-ions  as  witf.  individuals.  Who  cf  (IS, 
aficr  being  HUMBLED  F.Y  AN  ENEM'/,  IS  NOT 
ANXIOUS  TO  BE  F.EVEXGED  OF  TMAT  ENE- 
MY ?  We  should  insist  upon  the  svrre>ider,  or  at 
least  the  razinj,  all  th°  nortiier-ii  fortresses  of  France  .- 
we  should  make  her  g-ivc  up  the  spoliations  of  Louis 
XIV.  Why  not  bestow  Lorraine  upon  Ausirio,  aiid 
.Tl&ace  upon  Prussia  ?  Ltistiy,  e-/ery  one  of  her  pic- 
tures and  statues  should  be  removed-^' 

Pray  mark  well  the  words  which  I  Iiave  put  in 
large  capitals.  ]\Iark  (he  words  :  "who  of  US,  af- 
ter bejng  liU.Vb'.LEf)  BY  AN  ENENY,  IS  XOT 
ANXIOUS  TO  BE  RE\  EXGED  OF  THAT  ENE- 
MY ?"  Mark  tliese  words,  write  them,  engrave 
tiicm,  in  your  minds ;  never  lose  sight  of  them  for 
a  moment.  Tiiey  speak  to  you,  and  that,  too,  with 
a  voice  of  thimder.  Biit  to  turn  to  France.  You 
see,  noTj,  they  are  for  acting-  as  if  the  king- — aye,  ns 
if  tlie  Bourbon  king-  was  th.i:ir  enemy.  He  was  ever-, 
thing  that  waa  good,  till  tlie  allies  got  possession  of 
tlie  capital,  many  of  the  fortresses,  and  a  large  part 
of  tlie  territory  of  France;  before  that  time,  these 
men  only  wanted  to  get  rid  c^X  Napoleon,  that  dis- 
turber of  Europe  ;  but  the  moment  France  was  in 
their  hands,  th.ey  could  np  longer  trust  even  the 
tinrf.  They  no-cv,  as  you  see,  wish  to  dismembei-.and 
cripple  and  even  destro}'  France.  They  now  ciy 
for  the  destruction  of  the  power,  not  of  any  men 
or  any  party,  but  the  power  of  France  herself. 

Let  us  now  hear  the  editor  of  tlie  Timks  of  tlie 
siune  date.  After  calling  tipon  the  government  tq 
murder  Napoleon ;  after  asserting,  that,  if  he  be 
not  publicly  put  to  death,  Despard  v.'as  nmrilcred,  he 
proceeds  thus : — 

"  It  is  considered,  what  effect  the  knov/ledge 
of  his  being  in  existence  must  necessarily  have  on 
the  disaffected  in  everj'  p;u-t  of  Europe  ?  'J'hev  will 
think,  and  think  with  truth,  that  the  allied  sove- 
reigns are  afraid  to  touch  the  life  of  a  man  who  has 
so  many  rjdhercnts  and  admirers.     This,  of  course, 


146    NILES' WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,   1815. 


\vill  increase  the  number  of  his  adherents  and  the  overlook*  (i;  hut  should  they  obstinatley  persevere 


fervor  of  their  adiniration.  If,  in  the  depth  of  liis 
degradation,  their  idol  can  inspire  respect,  if  the 
cultivators  of  religion,  and  virtue,  and  loyalty,  arc 
forced  to  bow  dov>'n  before  the  splendor  of  his 
icrimea,  even  when  under  eclipse,  vvliat  must  they 
do  at  tlie  happy  moment,  when  he  bursts  forth 
again  from  behind  the  cloud — a  moment  towai-ds 
vhich  his  followers  will  look  with  more  devout 
anxiety  than  the  Indian  does  to  the  first  dawning  of 
a  day,  marked  by  asti'ology  as  the  most  fortunate 
of  his  life.  Indeed  it  must  be  granted  that  the 
extraordinary  escapes  which  this  man  has  liadfrom 
the  hands  of  justice  are  well  calculated  to  create  a 
kind  of  superstition  in  the  minds  of  those  who  have 
been  already  dazzled  by  his  fame.  He  trusts  him- 
self to  those  whom  lie  has  most  injured,  as  Daniel 
braved  the  fury  of  the  lions,  or  as  tjie  three  brethren 
■walked  througii  the  fiery  furnace — and  our  foilj', 
our  cowai-dicc,  works  the  miracle  of  his  safety ! — As 
long  as  he  lives,  therefore,  treason  and  rebellion 
jnust  be  every  were  at  work.  His  escape,  liia 
release,  his  re-appearance  must  be  constantly  ex- 
pected. InsLead  of  an  infamous  criminal,  he  will 
be  considered  as  an  injured  prince  imjustly  kept 
from  the  embraces  and  salutations  or  a  longing 
people;  and  when  at  last  he  breaks  prison  (which 
.sooner  or  later  he  undoubtedly  will  do)  his  return 
■will  be  more  triumjihant,  and  his  power  more  firmly 
consolidated  than  ever.  He  is  to  be  goiarded  by  an 
English  regiment.  But  the  whole  regiment  is  not 
always  on  guard — is  it  imagined  that  an  English 
sentinel  alone  can  neitlier  be  bribed  nor  eluded  ? 
In  the  English  army,  too,  it  may  be  asked  whether 
there  are  none  of  those  iveak  and  um\'fectlng  men, 
7!>ho  admire  duiing  sucresifnl  ctiine  ?  To  speak. pi ainh/ 
is  it  not  a  kvioxcn  fact,  that  ma?iif  even  of  the  English 
officera  are  personal  adviirers  of  J^'aJ^oleon  Bonaparte  ? 
Most  of  these  young  gentlemen  (for  it  is  of  tlie 
younger  sort  that  I  speak)  have  no  better  reading 
tlian  the  JMorning  Chro7iicle  or  the  Edinburg  Review, 
or  some  other  worthless  production,  in  which  this 
monster  is  usual  I  v  described  as  the  first  of  Heroes, 


in  their  criminal  conduct,  we  suppose  that  they 
themselves  can  liardly  wisli  to  be  forgiven;  a  prepon- 
derating- force  will  be  sent  against  tiiera.  Indeed, 
that  tliis  arniv  got  tog-etlier  by  treason,  led  by  tlie 
traitor  himself  into  tiie  field,  and  there  defeated, 
should  think  it  possible  that  it  can  co-exist  with 
any  regular  and  legal  govenmient,  is  incredible. 
Otu'  great  doubt  as  to  the  effectual  execulion  of  this 
ai'ticle,  results  from  the  character  and  i'abits  of  the 
men;  they  are  chiefly  without  homes,  inured  only  to 
camps,  gaiTisons,  battles,  and  f  aniliai-  with  no  other 
iiopes  than  such  as  arc  incident  to  tliose  courses  of 
life,  plunder,  advancement,  or  what  tlicy  term  glory; 
so  that  it  is  7iext  to  impossible  that  such  men  should 
ever  learn  to  limit  themselves  to  the  sober  expectatio7is 
o/' TRANQUIL  LIFE." 

So  that,  if  these  men  now  attempt  to  prevent  the 
absolute  and  entire  conquets  of  their  country  they 
are  not  to  expect  to  avoid  being  hanged;  and,  if  they 
lay  down  their  arras  and  are  willing  to  disperse,  tliey 
"  liave  no  ho?nes,"  and  it  is  impossible,  or  next  to 
impossible,  that  they  should  ever  retm*n  to  tranqinl 
Vfe.  At  once  ruf^a'n  and  hypocrite .'  He  knows  well 
tiiat,  if  that  lu-my  could  be  completely  aiuiihilated. 
Prance  would  have  no  chance  of  salvation,  But  let 
ric  beseech  you  to  recollect  what  these  men  for- 
mei'Ii<  said  about  the  persons  composing  tliis  same 
army.  While  Napoleon  was  leading  this  lu-my  to 
victory;  while  this  army  was  following  liim  over 
Europe,  tiiese  wTiters  be-uailcd  tkeir  fate.  They 
were  then  poor  unhappy  youths,  dragged  from  the 
fire-sides  of  theii- fond  and  respectable  parejits,  tied 
hand  and  foot,  and  thus  carried  to  the  ta-my  and 
compelled  to  fight.  Oh  !  how  these  writers  "pitied"- 
tiienj  and  tlieir  parents  !  Aye,  that  tliey  did,  from 
the  bottom  of  their  souls  !  Vile  hypocrites,  and  they 
now  call  these  same  persons  robbers.  They  say 
that  they  arc  "  tuithoiit  homes,"  and  recommend  tlie 
massacre  of  them,  it  being  next  to  impossible,  that 
they  should  retmni  to  trancjuil  life. 

And,  do  your  federalists  imagine,  that  the;j  would 
be  put  in  possession  of  power,  if  these  men  could 


the  great  captain  of  the  age,  &.c. — It  is  no  wonder!  stir  up  a  conquering  enemy  against  you  upon  their 
that  such  studies  should  dazzle  their  imagination, '  principles  .^    If  once  they  saw  your  country  overrun, 


and  confound  their  moral  sense  :  and  we  may  he 
ass-ared  that  us  lu:ig  as  J\'apole«n  Bonaparte  lives,  tliis 
very  serioiis  evil  will  go  on  increasing." 

Nov.-,  can  you  suppose,  that  a  monster,  like  tliis 
\;'riter,  who  would  commit  a  deliberate  murder  in 
revenge  on  a  nvxnfor  being  an  object  of  admiration, 
would  not,  if  he  could,  gladly  cut  all  your  throats, 
men,  women,  and  children  ?  The  fears  that  the 
va-etch  feels  and  describes  ai'c  a  proof  of  the  false- 
hoods of  his  accusation;  for,  if  Napoleon's  deeds 
vere  such  as  he  asserts  them  to  have  been,  what 
reason  can  there  be  to  take  away  his  life  lest  so 
large  a  part  of  mankind  should  still  feel  an  interest 
in  Ills  fite  ?  He  would  have  Napoleon  murdered, 
not  becauehe  has  done  that  which  has  made  him  an 
object  of  hatred  aild  contempt;  but  because  he  ha.s 
done  that,  which  has  made  him  an  object  of  love  and 
admiration.  Having  tlius  disposed  of  Napoleon,  he 
comes  to  the  French  arm}-,  the  whole  of  v.'hom  also, 
he  seems  to  wish  to  see  disposed  of  iii  the  same 
bloody  way. 

"  The  first  point,"  says  he,  "  and  without  which 
all  others  would  be  nugatory,  is  that  the  army  of 
the  Loire,  whatever  may  be  the  terms  on  v/hlch  the 
king  miglit  be  disposed  to  accept  of  its  submission, 
shall  be  disbanded;  an  intimation  to  that  effect  will, 
we  have  some  reason  to  suppose,  be  published  in  a 
day  or  two.  If  the  troops  give  up  their  arms,  dis- 
perse and  retire,  as  the}'  will  be  required  to  do,  their 
past  rebellion,  atrocious  as  it  has  been,  will  be 


your  government  put  to  the  route,  they  would  that 
Very  moment  talk  of  tlie  whole  of  you  in  a  lump. 
Tliey  would  call  every  thing /o%,  ''criminal  lueuL- 
ness,"  slioi-t  of  the  utter  ruin  of  your  country.  Nay, 
have  you  not  already  had  a  specimen  of  their  mode- 
ration ?  Before  the  victories  over  Napoleon  last  year, 
they  always  talked  of  "the  sound  part"  of  you.  They 
only  wished  to  defend  our  rights,  and  to  live  u]ion 
goo'd  terms  with  you.  Tiiey"  said  that  the  "sound 
part  of  the  people"  were  with  them  ;  and  that  the 
war  party  were  a  French  faction,  who  liated  Eng- 
land because  she  was  the  great  "bulwark  of  religi- 
on." Do  you  remember  how  tliey  changed  their 
tone,  all  in  a  moment,  when  they  heard  of  the  fall 
of  Napoleon  ?  Do  you  remember  that  they  then  said 
that  no  peace  could  be  made  with  James  Mauisoj.- — 
that  no  treaty  ought  to  be  signed,  except  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  English  army  in  the  heart  of  the  United 
Slates  .^  Do  you  remember  how  soon  they  dropped 
all  distinctions  in  their  invectives,  and  called  for  the 
fogging  of  "the  .Americans  ?"  Do  you  remember  tliat 
they  insisted,  that  no  peace  should  be  made  with 
you,  until  }our  political  institutions  had  been  sub- 
verted,  until  your  civil  and  political  state  had  lieen 
destroyed  ;  until  that  "■misc/devous  example  of  6MC- 
ce..'.s/'(/n)EMOCUATlCAL  UEBELLION"  had  been, 
doiie  away  ?  Until  this  was  eifected,  they  said  that 
there  could  be  710  safety  for  the  reguiar  governments 
of  tlic  civilized  world.  Not  a  word  did  they  then 
say  about  the  mmd  part  of  the  community  ;  not  a 


>^ILE3'  V^EEKLY  REGISTER— (OBBETT'S  LETTER. 


u 


7 


v,-ord  about  ilicfidernlist^  ;  not  a  M-ord  about  "the  w^r  after  the  peace  of  Paris  ;  and,  indeed,  it  was 
_5/oo<:/peo/;fe  in  the  eastern  st-ales  ;"  not  a  M'ord  about!  that  encoiirag-ement  which,  more  than  any  thinj;-, 
i\Ir.  OTi.-i  or  the  other  Misters,  wliom  they  used  to  I  else,  produced  tlte  war.  I  hope  t'.iat  those  men  wilt 
praise.  Thev  looked  upon  the  conquest  of  your  now  take  warning-.  That  they,  like  the  Veiukanr, 
country  as  sure  ,•  ;.ndthey  wcrcprepii-ing'  for  callhig-  will  no~v  see,  tliat  the  pr;iises  bestov.cd  on  them  by 
alo.id  for  the  "pwiishmept"  of  }ovi  aU.  It  was  tlic  our  vrriters, are  only  upon  the]ii-esnnipiion,  that  they 
"iniichievous  example  of  the  success  of  democratic,  are  ready  to  cut  tl>c  throats  oftlieir  countrymen  and 
re'ieUion''  that  they  wished  to  destroy.  And  were  not|  to  xid  in  the  stibjug-ation  of  their  country, 
the  fjdaralists  democratic  rebels  as  well  as  the  vest?i  If  I  were  asked  ii'hxj  these  writers  of  ours  shouhl 
.«/Y  vour  presidents  and  all  your  g-ovemors  were, i  be  GUch  implacable  enemies  to  tlic  freedom  and  hap 
acciirding' to  these  mcu's  views  of  the  matter,  "de- 
niocratic  rebels."  What  reason,  then,  coidd  they 
hiive  to  suppose,  that  they  were,  by  tliese  writers, 
•intended  to  be  spared  any  more  than  t!ie  rest  of  the 
people  ?  In  all  other  praises  of  "the  sound  part  of 
the  people"  they  were  actuated  by  the  desire  of  ob- 


ijd  of  the  fi.dera!ists  in  rendering  your 


tainrng  the 

ruin  more  certain  and  more  complete. 


pinesfl  of  mankind ;  whu  they  siiould  desire  to  stir 
up  war,  internal  strife,  and  all  manner  of  evils, 
ag-ainst  every  nation,  where  freedom  is  enjoyed,  I 
mig-iit  answer,  tliat  I  am  not  boimd  to  shew  \\iQcaiiss 
of  their  abominable  v/ishes,  having- so  clearly  she\n\ 
thai  thoy  have  ikoss  M-is'ies.  But,  the  cause  appears 
to  be  tliib  :  tliey  see,  ihey  foel,  that  tiic  weig-ht  of 
the  taxes  in  England,  joined  to  other  causes,  must. 


Two  raontiis  have  not  passed  over  our  heads  since  I  if  the  world  be  left  quiet  for  years,  produce  a  great 

deg-ree  of  decliiic  in  tliis  country.  Tiiese  men  liave, 
for  many  3'ears,  been  bawlers  for  war.  They  now 
tell  us,  that  the  war  has  been  crowned  with  glorious 
urged  on  to  exterminate  'J.ic  Jacobhis,  as  they  called  j  success  ;  but  they  foresee  that  peace  to  us  will  be 
them,  who  were  opposed  to  the  Kourbons.  Now,|not  wliat  peace  itnuaUi/  has  been.  They  saw  that 
because  the  Ycvideans  do  not  seem  to  relish  tlie  to-1  the  peace  of  Paris  instead  of  crowdi.ig  our  ports; 


these  writers  were  applauflirig  the  sending-  of  arras 
and  ammunition  to  llie  vrji/ulinifi  of  La  Vendee,  whom 
fhev  called  brave,  fuilh/u!,  rel/^ioit^,  and  whom  tliev 


tal  conquest,  the  dismemberment,  and  ut>erruin  of 
their  coimtry  by  foreig-n  armies,  the}-  confjund  them 
wit'ii  the  army  of  marshal  Davoust ;  they  !ump  them 
along  witi)  tlie  other  parties  ;  and,  even  accuse  them 
ct'tingratltud':'  Tiiey  are  called  ungrat:'julto.t^ngla;id, 
because  tliey  do  not  appear  iiiclined  to  aid  in  the 
despoiling  even  the  king  of  his  territories  ;  eveai 
that  king,  to  light  for  v/h.om  they  recei\  ed  their 
arms  and  ammunition  !  But,  what  is  this  more  than 
they  hatt  beiore  done  with  f «. gai'd  to  \  our  federal ista  - 
Wiien  they  saw  notices  of  t)je  meeting  of  the  Con- 
'-■yntion  at  Hartford,  they  chuckled  v.iiii  deliglit.. — 
They  clieercd  them  on.  Ti.ey  applauded  the  con- 
duct of  the  promoters.  Buc,  wiien  the  Cv)'.ivention 
broke  up,  vrith  merely  agreeing  to  nn  application  to 
be  made  to  the  several  stales  to  join  them  in  de- 
nvandin.g  a  reform  of  th.c  federal  cons4tutiQn,  our 
writers  tuiT.ed  round  upon  tliem  with  reproaches  of 
all  sorts  : — '^What !"  s;iid  the  Times  newsp,.per,  "is 
THAT  ALL  !  We  exj^ecveda  djviiion-of  the  u:uoh 
to  be  declureil  at  once  ;  or,  at  least,  tlie  impcacinneiit 
of  Madison  and  liis  associates.  These  convention- 
alists are  men  of  no  xuffor.     Why  do  they  7iot,  like 


with  ships  and  goods,  and  filling  oui'  streets  with  tlie 
bustle  of  trade,  produced  a  calm,  a  stillness,  as  to 
trade,  truly  gloomy.  They  saw  that  our  own  people 
flocked  to  France  for  con:ifortabIc  living.  They  saw 
enterprising  tradesmen  and  mantifacturers  fiocking- 
to  America.  Tliey  saw  the  houses  in  and  near  Lon^ 
don  untenanted.  They  every  where  licard  of  the 
decay  of  trade  and  ruined  farmers.  Tliey  saw  that 
without  a  law  to  raise  tlie  price  of  com,  the  taxes 
could  not  be  paid  by  either  landlord  or  tenant  — 
Tliey  saw,  in  aliort,  that  the  Vi'ar  had  created  tlie 
cause  of  impossibility  to  live  inpe:i.ce  ;  wiiile  France 
on  one  side,  and  America  on  the  other,  held  forth 
the  temptations  of  liberty  and.  abundance.    Ar.d  tliey 


...1^ 


uca,  ooseive, 


was  not  the  smallest  object  of 


Liieir  terroi-,  that  tlie  landlords  and  tenants,  in  al- 
most every  part  of  the  co-antry,  complaiv.ed  ot'  tlic 
hardship  of  tytlies,  and  pointed  out  the  example  of 
France,  where  fi/iues  Iiad  beenabolhhed.  Tiiey  know 
that  we  liave  p.bout  forty-five  niiilionsof  po-jiidi;,  cr 
180  Vtiillion  of  dollars,  a  YEAU,  to  pay  in  taxes///- 
e^'cv,  being  the  iiiterest  of  the  debt,  instead  of  t!ie 
nine  millions  of  pounds,  or  thirty-six  millions  of  dol- 
tlie  brave  Vendeans,  take  up  arms  and  co-operate!  l.irs,  which  v.'e-Jiad  to  pay  on  tliis  accou-.it  before 
with  our  naval  and  vuUtaru  covimanders  ?  Thjs  wasU''"?  ^oar.  They  see,  that  in  consequence  of  the  hi- 
wi'.at  we  expected.  Or,  at  tlie  verif  least,  we  expect-!  crease  ^^  industry  produced  in  Fr..nce  by  the  revo- 
ed  the  neutraliti/  of  tiie  New-England  states  to  be'b'tion,  and  of  our  burdens  produced  by  the  Vv-ar, 
declared.  As  things  now  stand,  these  states  oughtj  the  French  are  able  to  sell  in  our  markets  at  mucli 
no  longer  to  experience' Qur/6iri!)e'ora7ice,  seeing  thej  less  than  lialf  tiie  price  that  we  w?/.s/ sell  at,  oT  imtst 
ingratitude  w'lXh  which  oui' past  forbearance  has  been  |  leave  the  taxes  unpaid,     They  see  all  those  things. 


paid." 


j  The)'  ai-e  seized  with  a  p.anic,  that  the  "iiglil  little  i;d- 


Was  there  ever  impudence  likethjs  heai-d  of  be-  and"  will  become  as  desert  as  tiiat  on  which  Capt.dn 
fore  .''  Is  not  tins  iusuliing  the  f>.eiings  of  mankind  A  Lake  ])ut  tlie  poor  fellow  Jeffries,  who  was  saved  by 
And,  what  humiliation  must  it  have  been  to  Mr. |  the  kindness  of  one  of  yo-ur  countrymen  ;  and, 
Otis  and  others,  to  have  been  the  objects  of  such 
men's  praise  !  I  do  not  impute  to  the  Hartford  con- 
vention the  base  design  of  aiding  in  the  suijjug-ation 
of  the  country,  and  in  the  destruction  of  freedom 
amongst  men  ;  but  if  we  take  the  then  circumstan- 
ces of  America  into  view,  it  is  impo-ssible  to  deny 
that  they  intended  so  to  embarrass  the  general  go- 
vernment as  to  compel  it  to  do  what  would  have  been 
di.sgraccful,  at  least  to  their  countr}',  in  order  to  sink 
then-  rivals  and  raise  themselves  upon  their  ruins: — 
and  this  was,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  carryiiig  party 
fipirit  to  an  unwarrantable  length.  Tliere  is  no  doubt 
in  my  mind,  nor  in  that  of  any  man  of  information 
tiiatl  have  ever  conversed  with  on  the  subject,  that 
It  Was  the  cncouragemeut  held  out  by  the  conduct 
cf  men  in  the  eastern  states,  which  prolonjjed  the 


the  kindness  of  one  of  }'0-ur  countrymen  ;  ana,  i\\ 
the  rage,  inspired  by  their  forebodings,  they  would, 
if  they  coiild,  render  every  otiier  country  too  misci"- 
abie  "for  man  to  live  in.  They  do  not  recomm.cnd 
the  rcduciiig  of  the  army  to  v/liat  it  was  before  the 
war.  I'hey  knov.'  that  this  would  not  ar..;wer  their 
purpose.  They  nught  recommend  tlie  reduction  of 
tlie  navy  ;  but,  then,  you  stare  tlicm  in  the  face. — 
The  civil  list  in  indispensable.  They  would  recom- 
mend to  wipe  of  the  debt ;  but,  tnen,  the  whole 
system  crumbles  to  atoms.  Tiitir  last  resource  is, 
the  hope,  by  their  writings,  to  stir  up  the  means  of 
makirtg  other  nations  s:i!l  more  wretched. 

The  state  of  tliis  country,  as  regard  tlie  meansof 
enjoying  happiness,  may  be  pretty  correctly  estim.i- 
tcd  by  this  one  fact :  namely,  that  a  notice  has  been 
g-jvcn,  ill  the  liousc  of  commons,  that  a  mcasiut 


j[48    NILES'  \rEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,    1815. 


^ill  be  prodticed  early  next  session,  lo  Ian  a  ia.r  -iip- 
«n  the  property/  of  aU  persons,  luho  shall  cfu  to  reside  nvt  ■ 
«f  the  king's  dominions,  from  which  tax  those  resid-j 
ing-  m  tiiem  shall  be  exempt.      I  do  not  believe  it  | 
likely  for  such  a  ltl^v  to  p;vss  ;    Ijut,  after  what  we  [ 
have  seen,  I  do  not  pronounce  it  to  be  impossible.  I 
At  any  rate,  the  idea  ha.s  been  seriously  enoug-h  en-  ^ 
tertr.incd  to  produce  its  mention  in  paviiament.    Re- 1 
fleet,  then,  for  a  moment,  on  the  means  which  must  | 
be  used  in  order  to  assess  such  a  tax  :  reflect  on  the  \ 
immediate  superintendance  wliich  it  would  give  the ' 
i^overnment  over  the  person  of  every  man  of  proper- ; 
ty  ;  reflect  on  the  vassal-like  dcgi-adation  to  whicli 
5t  would  reduce  us  :  reflect  on  tlie  passions,  wluch 
«uch  a  s-tate  of  restraint  would  engender  ;  and,  then,  ■ 
form  to  yourselves  an  idea  of  the  despciTvtion,  v.hich 
must  have  been  tlie  parent  of  such  a  proposition. —  | 
Tlie  truth  is,  thc.t  tlic  amount  of  the  taxes  is  now  so ! 
great,  that  all  but  the  immense  fortunes  are  shiking-; 
under  the  weig-ht ;    and  tliat,  too,  with   a  rapiility ' 
that  is  qiiite  astonishing^.     Th?  necessities  of  the 
g-overnri"ent  require  so  larg-e  a  p.'U-t  of  ever}-  man's 
income  and  earnings,  t'nat  numbers  are  seeliing  tlie 
jTieans  of  escaping- fiom  the  demand.     Taxes,  when 
excessive,  must  create  paupers  ;    because  they  go 
on  pressing  the  v/hole  of  the  people  do v/nwavds  : 
and,  of  course,  those  wlio  are  but  just  above  tlie 
poor  list,  are  forced  into  it.  It  has  lately  been  stated 
m  p.arliament,  and  that,  too,  by  Geohke  Hose,  that 
the  beggars,  the  common  beg-gars,  in  the  metropolis 
alone,  have  increased  to  thirti;  thousand .'     Fquai  to 
3iearlv  lialf  the  whole  population  of  Philadelphia, 
wlitjn  I  lived  in  it.     This  fact  appeai-s  to  have  been 
stated  by  George  Kose  as  introductory  to  a  measure 
for  putting  a  stop  to  the  evil.     Tydt  liow  ?    ^^'culd  Jie 
send  the   beggars  to  the  comitry .''     AVc  are  over- 
stocked already.     Observe,  trifling  as  is  this  village, 
scarcely  a  day  passes  withoutbringing  one,  and  gene- 
rally more,  beggars  to  my  door.     The  vagrant  act 
v-arrants  us  in  taking  them  before  a  justice  and  hav- 
ing ihan pvni-'dicil-    'l5nt',  wlio  will  take  the  trouble, 
ev\n  if  he  wishes  to  do  it .''     Thus  th.ey  arc  left  to 
wander  about.     They  sw  arm  over  the  country  like 
the  vermin  upon  their  own  bodies  ;  and  are  produc- 
ed by  canses'nearly  similar.     I  have  here  stated  two 
sti-iking  facts  ;  my  authority  is  the  j>ai  liament  ilself 
I  state'tliem  here^m  the  ftce  of  tlie  coimtry,  and  1 
thus  invite  contradiction,  if  that  be  possible.     Let 
me,  in  this  pLace,  observe,  liowever,  that  I  do  not 
look  upon  myself  as  bound  to  refrain  frow  making  use 
of  the  press  nf  Amenca,  wlien  I  shall  think,  that  I 
ought  vo  state  truths,  luluch  I  dure  not  st<ite  here  : — 
but,  I  never  v/ill  send  to  that  press  any  thing,  wjiicii 
even  a  federalist  will  not  say,  that  I  ouglit  to  be 
permitted  to  publish  in  any  part  of  the  vi-orld.     1 
v.'rite   with  the  strong  desire  of  being  read.     I  see 
.several  millions  of  readers  on  the  other  side  of  tlie 
Atlantic.     I  know  many  facts,  many  arguments  oc- 
eur  to  me,  which  I  am   anxious  to  convey  to  the 
wliole   v.'orld  if  possible  ;    and,  if  I  am  forbidden, 
Tinder  enoi-mous  pains  and  penalties,  to  convey  them 
through  the  press  of  this  country,  is  there  any  rea- 
son wliyl  should  not  convey  them  through  tlie  press 
of  a  country  where  the  jsrohibiLion  does  not  exist, 
and  where  any  one  is  at  liberty  to  contradict,  or  to 
canvass,  all  I  may  say  ?     The  French  and  English 
writers,  who  used  to  have  tlieir  works  published  at 
the  Hague,  at  ,hnster  '.  'm,  at  Geneva,  or  elsewhere 
abroad,  were  never  regarded  as  guilty  of  foul  pint;  ,- 
but,  on  the  contraiy,  were,  by  every  lover  of  trutii, 
applaudfd  f jr  the  zeal  which  urged  them  to  resort 
to  their  metliod  of  overcoming  the  obstacles  to  its 
promulgation. 

1"o  return  now  to  the  causa  of  the  malicious  efforts 


of  the  writers,  of  whom  T  have  so  often  spok-en,  and 
to  draw  your  attentio".  to  whose  efforts  is  the  p-.-in- 
cipal  object  of  this  nddress.  This  cause  appears  to 
me  to  be  the  apprehensions  which  the  pre'  en t  state 
of  England  excites,  join^'d  to  a  hatred  of  the  very 
name  of  lloer-ii  and  vevoh!t!un,  contrac*^ed  by  these 
illil)eral  men  ever  since  tlicy  heard  them  associ.jted 
with  the  name  of  Frenchman.  This,  I  am-  vvd.l  con- 
vinced,  is  the  real  cause  of  their  rancor  against 
France  and  America,  both  of  v/hich,  as  they  con- 
stantly show,  thev  v.^ould  etUuIIv  '.ee  utterly  annihilar 
ted.  '  Whe<:her  ihrre  be^OrHER  PF,RS6>IS,  who 
entertain  the  same  apprehensions  and  wishes,  T  m.ust 
leave  you  to  conjecture.  But,  T  knov.'  that  theji  dbj 
because  they  disciver  the  fact  by  their  words.  They 
have  said,  that  A.meric..  must  be  put  hack  for  a  ce^i- 
tury.  Thev  liave  ci-Med  tlie  attsnUoTi  of  the  govern- 
ment to  the  pv-c-yf/j  of^jnnrnavv.  They  h five  said, 
that,  if  it  be'not  strangled  in  its  birth,  it  will  be  dan: 
gerous.  They  actually  proposed  to  make  you  give 
up  all  your  ships  of  war,  to  stipulate  never  to  build 
another,  ajid  never  more  to  cast  a  cannon  or  a  ball. 
You  will  laugh  at  this  ;  but  I  beg  yon  not  to  laugh 
-at  it;  or,  atleast,  to  dosom.ethingclsebesiilcslaugh. 
In  the  whole  extent  of  the  world,  it  may  happen, 
that  their  principles  may  find  the  means  to  work  up 
some  power  to  assail  you.  Therefore,  I  say,  be  074 
ymtr  guard.  Peace  is  what  you  ought  to  desire  j 
but,  it  ii  peace  accompanied  with  safetv.  To  pre- 
serve peace  you  must  ahvaiis  be  well  prepared  for 
your  defence,  at  least.  The  navy  you  will  not  ne- 
glect, its  increase  is  not  dangerous  to  your  fieedoni; 
or,  not  in  the  way  cr  degree  that  a  larger  standing 
army  would  be  considered  to  be  dangerous.  It  is 
the  necessity  of  adopting,  now  in  the  hour  of  peace, 
an  efficient  "system  of  internal  defence — defence  of 
your  territory  and  homes,  that  I  am  anxious  to  im-. 
press  upon  your  minds.  A  large  body  of  soldiers, 
by  profession,  you  cannot  have  withoat  destroying 
your  liberties.  "  You  must  all  be  prepared  to  march 
from  vour  immed  iate  homes  ;  and  all  be  able  to  mak^ 
a  skilful  use  of  your  anns. 

Mn.  Joiix  CAnTV/FioHT,  who  is  generally  callecV 
major  Cariimrht,  from  his  having  been  a  major  'n\\ 
the  Northamptonshire  militia,  who  quitted  the  ser- 
vice, as  a  lieutenant  of  tlie  navy,  in  the  year  V775  or 
\776,  because  he  wotild  not  fight  ag.unst  the  causa 
of  freedom;  who,  to  the  age  of  75,  has  persevered 
far  49  years,  and  still  perseveres,  in  unremitted  en- 
deavors to  obtain  a  reform  in  parliament;  this  ven- 
erable patriot,  beloved  by  all  who  know  him  for  his 
fcntle  and  amiable  manners,  and  honored  for  his 
talents  and  integrity  even  by  those  who  are  the 
enemies  of  his  political  printiples,  seeing  the  dan- 
ger of  invasion  on  the  part  of  France,  in  the  year 
1803,  a.id  seeing  the  government  in  great  conster- 
nation as  to  securing  the  means  of  defence,  repub- 
lished a  work  which'hc  had  published  some  time  be- 
fore, entitled  En-gt.axd's  iEr.is,  a  copy  of  which  he 
sent  to  all  the  members  of  the  royal  fiunil}-,  to  all 
the  ministers,  and  many  other  men  of  weight  in  the 
country.  To  this  work,  a  copy  of  whicli  is  sent  to  Mr. 
M.tthe'w  Carey,  of  Philadeiphia,  1  beg'leave  to  call 
vom-  .attention.  In  .wme  of  its  details  it  cannot  be 
adopted  by  you,  on  account  of  the  diflerence  in  the. 
division  in  the  territory  and  of  the  civil  authorities 
of  the  two  countries.  'But,  its  object  being  to  put 
the  country  in  a  situation  to  be  able,  at  all  times,  to 
defend  itself  against  any  enemy,  however  nunierous 
and  valiant,  without  a  standing  army,  and  without 
regular  soldiers;  its  basis  being  the  duty  of  arm.i- 
beMrinj  Inseparably  from  the  right  if  representn- 
Jian  in'tlt:!  legislature,  it  appear^  to  me,  that  all  itti 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES". 


Hf 


fnindples  and  all  its  out-Ums  are  exactly  suited  to 
youf  case. 

In  the  hope  that  what  I  have  said  niay  awaken 
among-st  you  some  portion  of  that  serious  reflection 
whicj'i  the  subject  demands,  and  in  the  stronger 
hope,  that  you  will  derive  great  and  useful  infor- 
Tnacion  from  the  work  of  Mr.  Cartwrifjlit,  I  remain 
your  friend,  WM.  COBBEtT. 

P.  S. — Since  vmtlng  the  above,  t\\6  peace  between 
America  and  tlie  Algerine  dey  has  been  announced 
as  a  re/jort.  Perhaps  your  commodore  had  autljority 
to  make  peace.  Ceriainiy,  with  such  a  power,  can- 
non balls  are  the  best  uet'ociktors.  Wiietlier  the 
pirates  will  abide  by  the  treaty  or  notj  it  it  has  been 
vHifle,  your  govemment  has  done  itself  t-;reiit  honor 
in  tl)e  aJfciir.  This  event  will  not,  however,  g-ive 
sati.sfaction  all  oi'sr  the  -world.  Alg'icrs  was  a  Sort  of 
nir  to  be  set  on  as  occasion  may  require.  However, 
you  have  broken  liis  jaws,  and  made  him  retire  to 
liis  den  for  tlie  pre-.eat.  This  is  truly  a  noble  use  to 
make  of  naval  power !  It  cannot  fail  to  enhance  your 
fame,  to  g-ive  ple.-:,iire  to  your  friends,  and  to  add 
to  the  mortification  and  vindictiveness  of  yoiu*  ene- 
mies. 1  do  not  believe  Uic  news.  P>ut,  if  true,  here 
;i  anotlier  thinsc  wliicli  Mr.  ^^adison  has  accom- 
Mished  previous  to  his  being  "deposed." 


Foreign  Articles. 

We  have  several  late  arrivals  from  Europe.  The 
deta;!s  and  documents  are  interesting?  but  acci- 
dent prevents  us  this  week  from  giving  them  so 
llberiily  as  ^ve  desired.  The  chief  things  are'not- 
ed  below,  and  in  the  next  paper  we  expect  to 
bri:._,  up  wliatever  may  be  useful  and  necessary  to 
tli?  history  of  the  times. 

LATEST  NEWS. 
L'^ndon  papers  ofthe&th  September. 
'Front  a  review  of  these,  it  appears  to  be  settled 
in  Europe  that  a  foreign  army  of  150,000  men  is  to 
re:nain  iit  Pr.ince,  and  occupy  the  principal  fortresses. 
I'uis  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  conditions  of  the  trea- 
ty of  peace  witu  England,  of  which  lord  Stewai-t 
Was  tJie  bearer  td  the  court  of  France,  where  he  had 
arrived. 

Contributions  to  the  amount  of  six  hundred  mil- 
lions francs  nave  been  levied  on  the  French  people 
for  tiie  support  of  the  foreign  troops. 

The  demand  for  British  manufictured  goods  in 
Yorkshire,     Manchester,     and     all    manufacturing 
'  toM'us,  was  great  beyond  example,  and  at  eniianced^ 
prices. 

F'rencli  funds — .>per  cent,  consols.  62f  60c.  bank 
actions    1023f    75c. 

E'nglish  funds — 3  per  cent,  consols  62 — omnium 
5.00  prem. 

Two  reports  oil  th6  interior  state  of  Pi-anee,  con- 
■ncctcd  witli  the  conduct  of  the  allies,  have  lately 
appeared  in  the  Frencli  papers,  and  liave  excited 
vinusual  interest. 

An  unsucccssfid  attempt  has  been  made  to  as- 
sassinate the  duke  and  duchcgs  of  Angouleme. 

The  hon.  Mr.  Bagot  (son  to  lord  Bagot)  appoin- 
ted minister  plenipotentiary  to  Uie  Uuitcd  States 
«f  America,  is  det:aned  at  present  from  embarking. 
Several  of  the  French  Bonapartean  geuei-als  were 
iinder  trial — Some  had  been  ordered  into  exile;  and 
Savary  and  L'AUemand  had  been  ordered  to  Malta. 
General  Turreau  liad  surrendered  himself  to  the 
French  government. 

T'he  Spanisii  army  demanded  posses  sion  of  the 
tOv,-!i  and  fortress  of  Bayonne  in  the  name  of  Louis, 
though  the  white  flag  had  been  flying  thci'^ea  con- 
siucrable  time!     \\'\vA.t  diUvcrers.''   But   they  were 


told  they  should  enter  only  by  force.  At  the  per- 
suasion of  the  duke  d'.Vngouleme,  they  retired  t» 
wait  the  orders  of  fool  Ferdinand.  Louis,  it  appears,, 
had  given  orders  to  kce]j  them  out  of  A/s  "good  city'*' 
of  Bayonne.  But  the  kirigs  of  tlifc  king  at  Pari* 
will  settle  the  matter. 

A  Paris  paper  of  Septchriber  1,  gives  us  reason  t»k 
believe  that  a  treaty  h;is  been  ratified  by  the  allies 
respecting  France.  It  is  again  said  that  the  sove- 
reig-ns  were  about  to  leave  France.  Huninguen  haS 
surrendered. 

The  British  military  peace  establishment  is  to  ba 
kept  up  at  205,000  men — "to  preserve  the  balar.ce- 
of  power  in  Europe!" 

Ihe  British  authorities  in  the  French  Island  of 
Guadalovpe,  have  absolutely  refused  tlie  export  of 
colonial  produce  from  thence  to  neutral  vessels. 

The  customary  bulletin  reports  Old  George  a» 
usual — "without  any  abatement  of  his  disorder." 

A  letter  from  Paris,  dated  Sept.  2,  says — "Horri- 
ble atrocities  continue  to  be  committed  in  the  souths 
On  the  25tli  iilt.  there  was  an  action  between  tho 
rebels  and  an  Austrian  regiment.  The  latter  had 
13  killed  and  wounded.  The  former  had  60  killed 
and  3  made  prisoners,  who  were  immediately  or- 
dered to  be  shot." 

American  lakes. — London,  August  27 — Sir  R,  Half, 
lately  returned  from  Canada,  proceeds  again,  im- 
mediately to  that  countiy,  to  supercede  com.  Ov/cn 
in  the  commar.-l  on  the  waters  of  Canada,  where  go- 
vernment intends  keeping  up  a  respectable  estab-- 
blishment  in  future. 

The  British  are  reducing-their  navy  very  rapidly.. 
It  Siiid  that  80  vessels  only  will  be  retained  in  com? 
mission. 

^Marshal  J^ey  was  to  be  tried  by  a  court  niartial,f 
of  which  marshal  JMcAincey  was  appointed  president. 
He  declined  to  serve,  and  therefore  was  cashiered: 
and  imprisoned.  Jowdan  was  then  called  upon  to 
preside      JVe</  has  probably  been  shot. 

Loins  has  issued  a  proclamation  respecting  the. 
great  excesses  in  the  South,  and  calling  upon  the, 
people  to  be  quiet,  &c.     France  seems  entirely  un- 
settled—the courage  of  desperation  we  think  is  ga- 
thering itself  for  a  struggle  more  bloody  than  any 
that  has  yet  happened.     A  conspiracy  is  spoken  of 
tjiat  had  for  its  object  the  capture,  by  the  French 
people,  of  the  allied  soveix-igns — and  something  likft 
it  mail  happen.     la  several  parts  they  have  resisted" 
the  seizure  of  their  arms  by  the  foreigners.     Majr 
tliey  keep  them  to  ptmish  tlieir  oppressors  and  re-' 
gain  liberty  to  Europe  !    Whatever  were  the  objects 
of  the  allied  powers  at  the  beginning  of  their  as-^ 
sociation,  caclioncof  them  has  nowall  the  hideou--/ 
ness  that  attached  itself  to  the  ambition  and  profli- 
gacy of  Bonaparte,  without  any  of  those  great  trait<: 
yf  magnanimity  that  marked  his  progress.  AVil'  they 
remember  that  he  was  at  many  c.>pii;»i  cities;  at  Vieir-^ 
na,  Berlin,  &c.  &c.  he.  ?     Yes — they  will  remembei? 
to  revenge  his  misdeeds,  but  not  to  imitate  his  mo- 
deration and  forbearance,     ilany  times  had  he  lii> 
foot  upon  the  very  neck  of  Austria  and  Prussia,  and- 
could  have  crushed  olFthe  head — but  he  didnot.-r— 
"Let  the  devil  have  his  due,"     When  we  look  at 
things  fairly  v.emust  say,  Xhat  J^'apoleon,  with  all  his 
crimes,  hud  not  an  equal  iu  true  greatness  amongj 
all  the  kings  of  Europe. 

hnportant  British  orders  in  conna'I,  dated  August  17t^^ 
relating  to  trad^  ivith  the  United  States. 
"From  and  after  the  date  of  this  order,  until  she. 
weeks  after  the  commencement  of  the  next  session 
of  parliametit,  there  sl.all  be  paid  on  the  importi- 
lion  into  this  kingdosn,  nom  the  territories  of  tire 
Ur.ited  .States  of  A:r erica,  ia   ve~ich  of  tltij  -iffScV, 


150       NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATUR15AY,  OCTOBER  28,  1815. 


states,  of  any  goods,  wares  or  merchAiilize,  l)eliU'' 
or"  tlie  p^rovvth,  iiianuf;ictiire  or  production  of  the 
said  territories,  tlie  same  duties  oP  custonn  th:.t  are 
payable  on  such  g-oods,  &c.  wlicn  imported  from  the 
said  United  States  in  Britisli,  and  no  otiier  or  liig-licr 
duties  of  customs;  and  it  is  hereby  further  order- 
ed, that,  on  the  exportation  of  any  goods,  &c.  tiic 
tcrowtli  of  liis  majesty's  territories  in  Europe,  from 
this  king^dom  to  the  United  States,  in  vessels  of  the 
said  states,  there  shall  be  paid  the  same  duties  as 
are  by  law  payable  on  such  cjoods,  &c.  when  ex- 
ported to  the  said  states  in  British  vessels,  and 
none  other  or  higher  duties;  and  it  is  hereby  fur- 
Uier  ordered,  that  on  the  exportation  from  this 
kingdom  to  the  United  States  of  any  goods,  &c.  of 
his  mijesty's  territories  in  Europe,  in  vessels  of 
the  said  states,  there  shall  be  paid  and  ailovvr^d  tlie 
same  bounties  as  are  paid  and  allowed  on  such 
^'oods,  Scc.when  exported  to  the  said  states  in  Bri- 
tish vessels." 

JjO.vnov,  Aug.  17. — The  number  of  American 
mercantile  agents  lately  arrived  at  Liverpool  from 
the  United  States,  exceeds  all  precedent.  Fifteen 
stage    coaches  now  run   daily   from    that   port    to 


would  be  to  constitute  himself  a  prisoner  in  tlrt: 
hands  of  the  allied  powers."  To  this  t'le  king  of 
Prus.'iia  is  stated  to  have  replied,  that  "it  might 
perhaps  become  necessary  to  take  such  a  step."  On 
M'liiclitheiwo  monarchs  wjse,  and  broke  up  the  in^ 
tcrview. 

[iX7"Every  tiling  shews  ti»at  Louis  is  as  much  a 
prisonerof  the  allies  as  BorMjuirft'.  They  regulate  I 
everything — they  do  every  tiling — and  treat  the 
Frcncli  in  every  retspect  as  a  conquered  people.  If  a 
town  refuses  to  admit  tlie  troops  of  the  allies,  but 
offei-s  to  surrender  to  tlie  kinjf  of  Fiance,  it  is  irti* 
mediately  be.^ieged!  and  so  they  go  on.  Wc  look 
for  a  clreadf  end  of  these  tliingH.  Tlie  allies,  com 
.scious  of  their  unholy  designs,  appear  to  expect  a- 
rising  of  the  people — fresii  troops  are  still  pouring  ■ 

in.        "PkRIH.'I    THli    INVADEHs!"] 

August  27.  In  the  south  of  France  a  most  horriAni 
persecution  has  been  raised  agai.ist  the  Prot^xtantSi 
Thousands  Jiave  been  slaughtereil  by  the  Catholics, 
who  cloak  tnemselves  under  the  authority  of  the 
duke  d'Angoiiieme,  who  is  well  known  to  be  one  of 
the  greatest  bigots  of  the  age. 

Ljiidon,  I'Si'fjtSniber  2. — Aw  article  in  the  Gazette 


»Ianchester,  and  in  general  return  heavily  laden  of  Uasscidorf,  dated  the  2rth  ult.  has  these  words: 


with  cotton  goods  of  every  description. 
.  Londm,  Aug-.  29.  Upland  cotton,  Is  8d  to  Is  lOd 
— New  Orleans  do.  2s  to  2s  2d.  ,  Carolina  rice  5'o  to 
54s.  Good  Marvdand  tobacco  11  to  14d.  Virginia 
do.  16  to  20d.  kew  dollars,  5s  6d.  Portugal  gold 
in  coin,  4/.  10s.  per  oz. 

. ingtt ?<  25.  As  a  proof  of  prince  Talleyrand's  opi- 
nion rcLipecting  the  future  repose  of  France,  we  may 
notice  diat  his  lady  still  remains  in  this  country. — 
This  looks  as  if  some  further  convulsions  were  ap- 
prehended by  the  person  of  all  otiiers,  perhaps,  the 
best  acquainted  with  what  was  likely  to  liappen. 

August  29  More  Prussian  troops  are  entering 
Frar.ce  to  lay  siege  to  thi;  places  that  still  liold  out. 

The  German  papers,  alluding  to  a  conspiracy  dis- 
covered at  Paris,  add,  ihat  it  was  to  Iuac  broken 
out  on  tlie  6tli  of  tliis  month,  and  that  one  of  its  ob- 
iects  was  to  seize  the  persons  of  the  allied  sove- 
Veigns  and  their  most  distinguislied  generals, 

Ten  sea  unicorns  were  lately  killed  on  the  coast 
of  Spitzbergen,  by  the  crew  of  the  lively,  of  Ber- 
wick, eight  of  wliich  had  horns,  tiu-ee  of  them  fe- 
males. Captain  Kingston  conceiv'es  that  these  ani- 
mals cast  their  horns  like  deer,  as  he  saw  many  of 
their,  v.ithout  any. 

In  the  eastern  departments  of  Prance  several  Aus- 
trian soldiers  having  been  assassinated,  and  the  or- 
der for  disarming  the  inhabitants  not  having  been 
effectually  executed_,  the  archduke  Ferdinand,  of 
Austria,  had  issued  a  proclanuition  from  Ids  iiead- 
quarters  at  Dijcjn,  directing  that  every  commune 
in  which  any  soklier  shall  be  assassinated  shall  be 
tined  in  1U,UU0  francs,  besides  the  punishment  of 
the  assassin.  All  arms  arc  ordered  to  be  given  tip 
fortlni-ith  under  scixre  pcnaUies. 

O^JrTlie  ":i.ssa-5.iinations,"  as  they  are  legitimately 
Galled,  probablv  iiicuii  the  just  deaths  of  "dooty 
AND-  BK.vuTv"-iiien. 

London,  Septembtr2.  Louis  xviii.  ash  the  kixr  of 
iMiussiA. — The  kings  of  Prussia  and  France  are  said 
to  have  lately  had  an  interview,  during'  which  Louis 
XVIII.  severely  complained  of  the  conducl:  of  tlie 
i^russians  towai'ds  his  subjects,  'i'lie  Prussian  mon- 
a."ch  reminded  liis  vo\A  opponent  of  the  o])pre.ssions 
of  the  rreiich  in  Berlin,  and  other  parts  of  tlie  do- 
tiunions,  during  the  long  period  of  tiieir  success. — 
The  conversation  grew  warm,  and  at  last  Louis 
XV] II.  positively  declared  "that  if  things  continued 
iii  tii;it  stilts,  ail  that  would  rsn;:iii  for  him  to  do, 


—'•Prussia  has  opeidy  decl  ired  itself  on  the  neces- 
sity of  separating  Alsace  and  Lorraine  from  France.*' 

S^'pL  2 — A.iiericun  Stocks — 3  per  cent.  59;  6  per 
cent,  deferred,  95;  Louisiana  6  per  cent,  p.a-,  with 
dividend  from  February,  1815. 

Sept.  5.  It  is  reported  that  some  of  our  cniizers 
oh  the  coast  of  Italy  have  seized  on  the  treasure  of 
Murat,  to  the  ani(mnt  of  three  millions  and  a  half  of 
ducats  ;  and  which  the  court  of  \'ienna  has  claimed  ; 
bui  wliich  the  captors  refuse  to  gi"e  u[j. 

Tiie  96th  regiment  now  at  Guernsey  is  about  to 
embark  for  the  West  Indies. 

Anotlier  detachment  or'  the  roval  waggon  train, 
is  on  its  route  to  embark  to  join  the  armies  in  France. 

A  totrd  change  in  the  French  ministry  is  still  talfc- 
ed  of.  The  due  de  Richelieu  is  mentioned  as  premlei-; 
Pozzo  de  Bor,^o,  minister  of  police ;  ;md  M.  Chabrol,- 
tlie  prefect  ot  Lyons,  as  minister  of  finance. 

Fouciie  has,  it  is  said,  made  another  report  to  the 
king,  on  the  state  of  France,  still  stronger  than  the 
one  wliicli  has  appe.trcd  in  the  London  papers.  It 
contains  most  ciu-ious  and  interesting  details,  and 
is  drawn  out  to  the  length  of  30  pages,  being  evi- 
dently meant  for  jDubiication.  Wc  are  promised  a 
copy  af  it,  says  the  English  iNIoniteur.  It  now,  like 
the  first,  is  circulating  in  manuscript. 

Last  night  we  received  Haml>urg  papers  to  the 
20th  ult.  and  Berlin  to  the  25th.  Our  readers  will 
participate  in  our  feelings  on  reading  the  accounts 
re.'/pectiiig  the  ph-acies  of  the  Algerines,  still  di- 
rected against  the  commerce  of  the  Euiopean  na* 
tions  it  is  iKvpOssii.de  that  this  can  be  endured 
much  longer.  All  the  powers  of  Europe  have  a  di- 
rect interest  in  extirpating  these  hordes,  and  they 
al'e  now  too  enlightened  to  suffer  them  to  continue. 

The  elements  of  political  convulsions  seem  still 
smouldering-  in  great  quantities  in  France,  a'ld 
threatening  the  world  with  3,  shower  of  tiue  embers, 
if  not  with  a  torrent  of  the  lava.  Let  us  hope,  how- 
ever, that  the  prudence,  union,  and  vigor  of  the  al- 
lies, who  have  at  length  succeeded  in  driving 
back  and  ciicumscribhig  the  limits  of  the  torrent^ 
may  be  so  successfully  conthiued  as  to  prevent  it 
bursting-  fortli  afresh. 

Ansiver  rf  ilui  French  ministers  to  the  official  note  of 

the  allied  sovereigns. 

The  king's  ministers  have  recei\'ed  tlie  oiRcial 

note  addressed  to  tlicm  by  the  ministers  of  the  allied 

, powers.    The  Isittef  wish  to  persuade-  the  king(!s 


KILES'  WREKLY  REGISTE>R-CHRO>^ICLE. 


151 


ministers,  that  the  measures  '«^hich  they  have  com-i  treasury  of  tlie  Uhited  States'  propositiorf,  relative 
manded  to  the  government  of  Paris,  are  sucli  as|tG  the  receipt  and  issue  of  treasury  notes  as  current 
e  to  diminish  the  exactions  of  tl 


may  contribute  to  diminish  the  exactions  ot  tUe  war 
and  to  re-establish  the  royal  authority.     The  king's 
ministers,  however,  unfortunately,    cannot  regard 
these  measures  in  that  point  of  view.  They  owe  it  to 
the  sovereigns,  to  France  and  to  themselves,  to  ex- 
plain tliemselves  on  this  subject,      I'lie  sovereigns 
doubtless,  are  the  masters,  they  can  do  whatever  they 
desire,  but  at  any  rate  let  them  not  say,  that  in  taking 
every  step  calculated  to  ruin  the  cause  of  his  ma- 
iesty,  that  they  v.'ish  to  confer  any  favor  on  liiin. — 
There  is  already  in  "France  too  much  odium  and  ill 
will  against  tlie  Bourbons,  to  render  it  necessary 
still  more  to  revolt  every  heart  by  making  the  na- 
tion experience  the  gi'eatest  losses  and  tiie  deepest 
humiliations.     What  humiliation  can  be  more  afflict- 
Ino-  than  to  see  in  a  time  of  peace  all  the  depai-t- 
ments  subjected  to  youi-  military  governors — what 
misfortune  more  to  be  deprecated  than  tlie  disper- 
sion of  your  troops  over  the  wliole  face  of  the  coun- 
trj'' !  The  sovereigns  declared  that  they  only  made 
wiu"  against  Xapoleon,  and  yet  all  their  measm-es 
beiie    their  words;    since  at  the  present  moment, 
"wlien  the  war  ought  to  be  fijiished,  it  is  only  about 
to  commence. — The  present  position  of  France  is  so 
much  the  more  afflicting,  as  were  war  openly  declar- 
ed (v>iiich  it  is  not)  it  is  utterly  impossible  that  she 
ca-:  juffer  in  a  greater  degree  all  its  evils,  and  all  its 
hoiTors.     Every  where,   wherever  the  ai-mies  are 
(all  excepting  the  English,)  pillag-e,  fire,  rape,  andj 
nim-dcr,  have  been  ciirried  to  their  fullest  extent; 
avarice  and  vengeance  have  lefc  nothing  for  tlie  offi- 
cers or  soldiers  to  desii-e. — To  speak  u'ith  freedom, 
Ihev  exceed  even  the  atrocities  of  wliich  the  French 
armies  have    been  too  often  justly  accused.     Tiie 
measures,  liovvever,  alluded  to  in  your  notes,  can 
have  no  otlier  results  tlian  to  extend  the  limits  of 
this    devastation.      The  armies  spread  themselves 
in  oiu'  provinces,  and  all  the  horrors  which  we  have 
depicted  follow  in  their  train.     Such  are  the  senti- 
men's  of  the  king  and  his  ministers  on  the  new  de 


money,  have,  upon  more  mature  rejection,  acceded 
to  the  proposition.     The  banks  are — 
The  15ank  of  Hudson. 
The  Utica  Bank. 
The  Orange  county  bank. 
The  State  Bank,  Morristown. 
The  Bank  of  the  Northern  Liberties,  (Phalad.j 
Tlie  Farmers  and  Meclianics'  Bank,  (Cincinnati.) 

jy.  Y.  JVat.  Ad-cGcate. 
Great  folks-.  Many  passengers  arrive  from  Eu- 
rope. Among  those  who  have  recently  reached 
New-York,  is  the  count  lieg-nand  de  St.  Jean  d\in- 
gehti  and  someof  liis  famil}' — and  the  cai-1  and  coun- 
tess of  iS'e/A''/;^' and  famil}-. 

Colonel  Johnson  and  major  Madisoii,  both  well-, 
known  heroes  of  the  north-west — gentlemen  of  fine 
talents  and  high  minds,  ardently  devoted  to  the 
i\-ptidlic,  are  candidates  for  the  office  of  governor  of 
the  state  of  Kentucky.  It  is  mifortunate  that  Vxo 
men  so  highly  esteemed  by  tiie  patriots  of  that  state 
should  be  opposed.  We  wish  tliat  both  might  be 
honored  as  they  deserve, 

Mr.  Claif  having  returned  among  his  fellow-citi- 
zens of  Kentucky,  is  almost  daily  receivmg  some 
new  evidence  of  tiieu*  love  pjid  respect. 

The  Fisheries.  Mr.  Asheron,  the  BritiiJi  agent 
for  the  province  of  New  Brunswick,  writes  thus  ex- 
plicitly of  the  fisheries: 

"LcNDox,  July  10.  Tlie  intercourse  between  the 
United  States  and  tlie  king's  colonies  is  to  be  strict- 
ly carried  on  in  British  built  vessels,  and  none 
otliers. 

"The  Americans  are  excluded  from  the  shore 
fisheries,  and  are  not  allov.cd  to  come  into  our  har- 
bors, as  formerly,  to  fish;  tliey  are  to  possess  in  this 
respect  no  other  right  thunthe  subjects  of  foreign 
nations;  which,  by  the  law  natrons,  is  limitted  to 
tliree  leagues  from  the  coast." — hoUon  Gaz-t(e. 

Two  persons  v/er-  recently  t:'.kcn  up  in  Baltimore 
for  having  passed   a  large  quantity  of  counterfeit 


oree,  and  tlieir  answer  to  the  appeal  which  has  been  no ces — they  purported  to  be  of  tlie  bank  of  North. 


made  to  tliem. 

The}'  have  the  honor   to    subscribe  themselves, 
with  tlie  highest  consideration. 

TALLEYRAND, 
FOUCUE. 


CHRONICLE. 

The  Creek  Ltdians. — There  is  some  reason  to  be^ 
lievc  that  the  Creek  Indians  may  give  a  little  trou- 
ble. They  appear  dissatisfied  with  tneir  late  treaty. 
In  consequence,  200'J  men  are  called  for  from  Geor- 
gia, by  nuijor-gen.  Gaines,  for  whose  detachment 
orders  have  been  issued  by  the  governor  of  that' 
state.  The  line,  according  to  tlie  treaty,  haii  not  been 
fun  in  consequence  of  the  death  of  gen.  Sevier,  andl  States ;"  ilie  work  will  commence  with  the  perioil 


America,  Farmers'  Bank  of  Limcaster  and  the  Union 
bank  of  Georgetown.     There  arc  vast  quantities  of 
counterfeit    paper  in  circulation,  and  we  are  told 
there  are  also  several  ideal  banks.    The  public  can- 
not be  too  cautious  against  imposition. 
,    J\'aval  ar-icnal. — A  correct  survey   of  the  river, 
harbor  and  coast  a  jj -..cent  to  New-London  has  beea 
taken  by  captain  Evans,  of  the  United  States  navy, 
witli  a  view  to  the  establisliment  of  an  U:iited  States 
naval  arseiud   at   tliat  place.     It   is  found   that  27 
feet  water  may  lie  carried  six  miles  above  the  town. 
Litei-ani — .Mr.  Sin;, II,  of  ri^iladelphia,  h-»s  issuecf 
proposals  fn-  publishing,  in  3  vols.  8vo.  a  work  en* 
titled — ".Memoirs  of  mi/  own  times,  bij  Janes-  Wilkin- 
son, late  a  majur-generul  in  the  service  uf  the  United 


the  severe   and   continued  illness  of  col.  Uuvkin  _ 
two  of  the  conimi:*sioners. 

Vermont  ''lection. — The  votes  for  g'overnor,  as  can 
vassed  by  the  legislature,  s-tantl  thus— 

For  Galuslia  (rep.)  18,055 

Chitteiiden  (fed.)  16,G32 


1,423 


S'cattering,  571     ' 

T?ie  average  majority  fop  the  republican  council 

:(or  senate)  was  about  1,120.     The  rep.  m;ij.  in  the 

house  of  representatives  is  about  15,  and  in  joint 

ballot  27. 
,-BarJ:s. — It  is  witli  pleasure  we  learn  tli.at  seven 

of  the  ndn  acceding  banks  td  the  scoretrtry  of  tli-c 


of  the  partial  inveitisscmcnt  of  tlic  tov/n  of  Boston, 
by  the  American  militia,  in  1775,  and  tcruiinatfr 
with  the  disorg-anization  of  the  army  in  1815.  EacJi 
vol.  ta  contain  500  pages,  at  §3  per  vol.  payable  oa 
delivery. 

M..JGr  Heed,  aid  de  camp  to  gen.  Jackson,  is  pre- 
p.ariag  to  Vvriie  a  history  of  the  life  of  that  here, 
com[jrising  a  full  account  of  tlie  late  v/ar  in  the  soutliy 
with  the  Creeks,  or  their  allies  the  Uritish.  To  m.ak.s 
an  8vo  volume  of  about  40U  pages. 

The  late  Dr.  liamsafa  sirc^i  historical  work  is  In 
forv.ardness  for  publication — and  will  probably  be 
one  of  tlie  best,  if  not  the  best,  cf  its  kind,  evCi' 
offered  to  the  v.orkl.  Uarely  has  a  man  lived  more 
Competent  to  th--  t^sk  than  t:cs  o.'ir  rate  vc:;cribre 
countrvman. 


Jj52     ^'^LE5'  V/EEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  SJ^,  1815. 


Product  of  Labor.  A  writer  in  tlie  BaJIklo  Joiu- 
»al  comparing-  the  relative  prices  of  labor  and  pro- 
visions in  New  England  witli  those  in  the  western 
souati7,  affii'ms,  tliat  "the  actual  price  of  labor  in 
the  western  co;:ntry  is  four  times  hiijliep  than  in  tlie 
eastern  states  :  o.*  in  odier  words,  ;i  Liborei"  has  to 
work  only  one-fourtli  as  much  to  support  his  fan)liy 
in  tills  country  as  in  that."  The  o/dinary  value  of 
corn  at  the  westward  is  5vJ  cents  per  bushel — at  the 
eastward  from  80  cents  to  a  dollar  ;  v>'aLf es  for  nie- 
fehanics,  1  dollar  per  day,  exclusive  of  boo.rd,  in  tiie 
pastern  states;  in  the  west  of  Ncw-YoiK,  from  2 
ilollars  to  18  shillings  a  day. 

Hi.rmonij  S'jcieti;.  'I'iiis  celebrated  society*  un- 
der tlie  direction  of  Mr.  George  Ilabp,  have  set- 
tled thcmsehes  on  the  Vt'ahaah,  about  30  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Ohio,  in  the  Indiana 
territorv — a  delig'iitful  spot,  abounding-  with  streams 
fitted  to  drive  ail  sons  of  mg.chinery.  Tiiey  own 
ir,000  acres  of  land,  vdiich  tlley  boug-lit  at  two  dol- 
lars per  acre.  It  is  probable,  that  by  the  invincible 
perseverance  and  industry  of  this  people,  il  may  be 
v.'orth  twenty  dollars  per  acre  in  four  or  five  years. 

Education.  A  "Lancasvriaii"  seminary  at  Cincin- 
luui,  received  more  than  four  hundred  scholars  in 
xhe  course  of  the  first  week,  .d"ier  it  was  opened. 

Abbe  tJicard.  It  appear:^  by  our  Frencli  papers'^ 
that  this  celebrated  man  was  on  his  way  for  Kng- 
g-iaud  with  three  or  four  of  his  pupils,  accompanied 
Siiso  bf  Ills  secretary  and  an  interpreter  :  "having 
oeen  invited  to  London  in  order  to  establish  an 
institution  for  the  education  of  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
.similar  to  that  of  P.j-is.  lie  has  obtained  from  the 
ffovernment  leave  of  absence  for  several  mouths." 

IVesterii  Virg-inia  is  improving  as  rapidly  as  alnioit 
any  otlier  section  of  the  United  States.  It  is  a 
charnfing  country,  populated  by  an  intelligent  and 
high  spirited  people,  having  fcxo  slaves.  'I'Jie  town 
of  Jjijnchb'urg,  that  ten  years  ago  was  quite  an  insig- 
ficaut  place,  now  luis  a  population  of  2500  souls  ; 
doing  a  great  deal  of  business. 

A  Drjarf,  is  exhibiting  i\i  England,  who  is  twenty 
aix  years  old,  23  inches  liigli  and  weighs  only  27 
pounds.     lie  is  reported  as  well  made,  and  is  con- 


supposed  tlie  jug  was  lost  from  some  vessel,  antl 
having  settled  at  the  bottom,  in  a  perpendicular 
situation,  tiic  fish  entered  it  when  small,  and  being 
attracted  by  someliiing  in  it,  or  not  being  able  to 
find  its  way  out,  continued  there  till  grown  too  large 
to  get  out  at  the  mouth ;  and  tlie  bait  having  ac- 
cidentally fallen  into  ic,  was  seized  with  avidity  by 
the  fish.  The  jug  must  have  been  a  long  time  at 
the  liottom,  as  there  was  very  long  gi-ass  andt;evcrr.l 
lai'ge  oysters  adiiering  to  it. 
Attested  by 

THO'vIAS  COODHAXD. 
HUGH  LKGG, 
SOLOMO-M  HAYCOCK. 
Eaato^i,  Jtld.  Jurtp,  .Time  20. 

Jialtimor'?  inspections. — For  the   quarter,    ending 
Sept.  30,  there  were  inspected  in  Baltimore,  90,320 
bbls.  wheat  fiour,  2921  casks  of  domestic  liquors,  •• 
2T3H  bbls.  herrings,  &c. 

"xaE  UTfUlT  OF  SEAHCII  !" 

Biiffalo,  Oct.  IT.  "The  American  schooner  ]MinIc, 
captain  Hammond,  on  her  j^assage  from  Detroit  tc» 
f'.ufialo,  when  passing  tlie  Jiritish  armed  scliooTier 
./Vaw(js/i,  lieutenant  Drury,  on  tlie  1st  inst.  near  Hal- 
last  Island,  about  two  miles  from  Put-iii-Bay,  warf 
fired  upon  liy  the  scliooner  v.'itheut  being  hailed,  or 
receivhig  tlie  least  otlier  previous  intimation.  The 
shot  passed  just  over  the  bowsprit  of  tlie  Mink.- 
C.'.ptain  llanmiond  immediately  hoisted  the  Ameri- 
caii  colors,  supposing  that  to  be  tlie  object  of  the 
British.  Another  shot  was  then  fired  from  tlie  schoo- 
ner, whicl)  passed  th.rough  the  foresail  of  the  Minkj 
not  four  feet  from  where  the  passengers  were  stand- 
ing on  t!ie  deck.  (Japtain  J lammond  then  brought 
his  vessel  to,  althougli  there  was  great  danger  in 
doing  it,  of  falling  on  the  breakers.  The  British 
commander  ordered  him  to  send  his  boat  aboard  the 
Naw.ash — the  boat  was  accordingl\  got  out,  and  cap- 
tain fianiniond  went  aboird.  After  making  a  muii- 
ber  of  enquiries  relative  to  the  news  at  Detroit,  and 
the  passengers  he  had  aboard,  the  British  officer  or- 
dered him  to  return  to  his  vessel,  without  assigning' 
any  reason  for  his  outrageous  conduct!" 

iJ^Tiie  able  editor  of  the  J\'iagara  Jonnial  (fvo\n 


sidered  "the  sliortest  man  ever  seen."     He  lias  not  |  ^y]^[^]^  the  preceding  is  copied)  has  a  number  of  e.\- 


gro\7n  any  since  he  was  six  years  ohd 

Steam-boals.     Tiiere  are  six   stfcam  packet-boats ! 
plying  on  the  Clyde,  Scotland, 

l^xtrnorJinar!/  snate.  A  letter  to  the  editor  of 
tlie  liiiuisTKit,  notices  as  a  curiosity,  the  killing  of  a 
rattlesnake  m  t!ie  Alieg'i.iiiy  mountains,  "that  had 
t<u:iilj-iJ:ie  rattles,  and  must,  therefore,  have  been 
thirty-two  years  old."  It  Was  four  feet  long"  and 
jibout  8  uiclies  in  circumference. 

Jjelavjiire  Election.  Tlie  election  for  mr-inbers  of 
Hssembly  in  this  state,  has  resulted,  as  usual,  in  the 
choice  of  11  federalists  and  7  republicans,  for  the 
house  of  representatives — with  the  addition  of  a 
federal  senator  from  the  republican  county  of  New- 
c.istle,  through  some  division  among  the  people. 

SoMETUixo  woxDKtiFUL.  From  the  Eastoi),  fJfd.J 
Star.  Three  men  from  Kent  Island  were  lately 
tishing  for  drum,  off  Love  point,  in  about  25  feet 
v/ater,  and  having  been  there  a  considerable  time 
without  success,  at  length  (Haycock)  one  of  the 
garty  felt  somet.-wng  move  his  line,  and  upon 
drawing  it  in,  found  he  had  brought  up  a  large 
eartlien  jug,  and  his  hook,  Vvith  the  bait  with- 
in it ;  which  being  unable  to  extricate,  he  broke 
the  jug  in  pieces,  when,  to  his  utter  surprize  and 
svstonishment,  lie  discovered  a  lair^-e  catfish,  fouiteeii 
.  inches  in  length,  which  had  been  enveloped  in  the 
■.j:ug,  aad  swallowed  hh  hook  ^^'itil  tke  bait>,    Jt  is 


cellent  remarks  upon  thiii  outrage,  so  truly  British 
and  "magmmimoiis."  We  wish  we  had  room  for 
them.  But  "the  long-  and  the  short  of  the  matter" 
is  this — that  the  insult  must  and  will  be  atoned  for. 
t)n  Erie,  that  theatre  of  our  naval  glory,  impudences 
shall  Hot  pass  unrewarded. 

*^*  We  are  really  apprehensive  that  the  fnippij' 
i.wi  of  British  navui  officers,  whose  luck  it  was  not 
to  meet  an  equal  American  force  during  the  late 
war,  may  lead  co  serious  difficulties.  The  time  has 
gone  by  when  such  things  could  be  looIcedwX.  with  for  ( 
bearaiice,  if  unpunished,  'i'he  national  character 
will  be  supported.  We  ask  notliing  but  common 
civllitv — aquaiity  too  rarely  f  jund  on  board  a  Bri- 
tish ship.  O.i  the  hikes,  ut  least,  where  there  is  na 
sort  of  pretext  for  being  otherwise,  iiowever,  we  will 
liave  it. 

Mtiv-York,  October  2i. — We  le.arn  by  a  gentleman 
from  Canada  that  7,000  troops  were  expected  from 
England  to  garrison  the  dill'erent  foiufications  on 
the  lakes,  &c.  and  that  the  Britisli  were  fortifying 
the  Isle  ati  ISoix,  on  lake  Champlain. 

.Morlalitu. — The  deaths  in  the  city  of  Charleston^ 
from  die  lOih  to  the  17th  September,  were  eight  ! 
four  of  whom  died  of  infanule  diseases— four  were 
white  and  four  black.  The  world,  v/e  thi'ik,  can. 
hiJdiy  produce  such  another  instance  of  he.dth,  ifi 
a  hot  climate  .-nd  a  camp.ictly  built  city.  Gaz^, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  EVENTS. 


153 


Kincrdom  of  the  Netherlands. 

We  have  tiiC  following'  account  of  tlie  kingdom  of 
liie  NeUicilands,  in  a  late  Boston  Daily  Adver- 
tiser : 

Tills  new  king-dom  embraces,  besides  the  seven 
United  Pi'ovinces,  the  greater  part  of  the  country  ge 
neraliy  iinown  under  the  name  of  the  Austrian  Ne- 
tiierlands.  It  was  all  included  in  the  year  1812  within 
tlie  Fi-encJi  empire  and  formed  the  gi-eatev  part 
of  sixteen  French  departments.  The  Austrian  pro- 
vinces were  annexed  in  the  jear  1795,  soon  afier 
llieir  conquest  by  the  French,  being  formed  into 
nine  departments  and  were  formally  ceded  to  France 
by  ihe  emperor  of  Germany,  at  the  treaty  of  Campo 
Formio,  in  October,  1799.  Tlie  United  Provinces 
after  tlieir  conquest  by  the  French,  for  some  j'eais 
bore  the  name  of  the  Batavian  liepiibiic,  afterwards 
that  of  the  kingdom  of  Holland,  and  were  not  for- 
mally annexed  to  the  empire  until  1810.  They  were 
then  divided  into  seven  departments,  corresponding 
nearly  with  the  seven  Provinces.  The  following 
statement  i  ^  the  population  of  the  country,  found- 
ed on  the  e  .'uiiiates  made  by  the  French  auvhorities, 
of  the  inha>ntants  of  tlie  several  departments  while 
belonging  to  France,  may  be  considered  us  near  tiie 
Iruth  as  any  that  can  at  present  be  obtained. 
United  Provinces. 
Moutlis  of  the  Meuse  393,600 

MoiiUis  of  the  Yssel  143,0U0 

Eastern  Ems  128,2D0 

Western  Ems  191,100 

Frieselrnd  l7o,4U0 

Upper  Yssel  192,700 

Zuyder  Zee  .507,500 


^lustrian  j\'et/ier!aiuls, 
Dvle 
Scheldt 
Lys 

IJeux  Xethes 
Lower  Meuse 
I'art  of  Forests,  say 

Jemai)pe 

Sambre  and  Metlse 
Ourte 


Total  Inhabitant.'^, 


1,731,500 

431,969 
636,438 
491,143 
357,184 
267,249 
200,000 
450,000 
120,000 
340,000 

3,303,983 

5,035,483 


Or,  maicsrs  belonging  to  the  late  war. 

TH.f';  ELEVEXTIl  OF  SEPTEXIIER. 

MUldlcbvrij,  fl't.J  Sept.  20.— The  return  of  tills 
memorable  day  was  rendered  highly  interesting  in 
this  pi:  ce,  by  the  meeting  of  the  first  brigade  of  the 
tliii-d  division  of  the  militia.  Though  the  weather 
Was  un])leasant,  the  exercises  of  the  day  were  un- 
Qsually  grailfyhig.  Tlie  scene  was  enlivened  by  the 
presence  of  a  respectable  number  of  the  patriotic 
VoLUNTEKUs  (many  of  them  under  arms)  who,  one 
year  before  evinced  their  devotion  to  their  country 
by  turning-  out  in  its  defence.  The  wb.ole  was 
crowned  by  the  animating  presence  of  that  distin- 
guished citizen-soldier,  general  Strong.  The  ap- 
pearance of  the  brigade  was  unusually  fine.  A  new 
spirit  seemed  infused  into  it,  and  all  appeared  emu- 
lous to  excel  in  a  prompt  discharge  of  duty. 

Towards  evening,  the  immense  concourse  of  spec- 
tators were  gratified  with,  a  sham  fight  designed,  as 
VOL,  IX.  L, 


near  as  circumstances  would  permit,  to  imitate  the 
battle  of  Plattsburgh.  At  the  close  of  it,  lord  Wel- 
lington's invincibles  iiavingbeen  repv.hed  ■^^^\(^  driven 
and  -ivhipped  by  the  Yankees!  gen  Strong,  surroun- 
ded by  the  volunteers,  addressed  them  as  near  as  we 
could  collect,  in  the  following  manner: 

TELLOW    CITIZENS, 

It  is  one  year,  this  day  since  you  met  tlie  power) 
fid  foe  that  carries  fear  and  terror  to  all  nations 
except  America.  So  long  as  your  firm,  united  and 
patriotic  spirit  exists  your  counti'y  may  stand  fear- 
less of  any  nation.  The  events  at  New  Orleans, 
Piattsburg  and  many  other  pl.Tces  where  our  late 
enemy  so  confidently  attacked,  and  was  so  dlsgrace- 
mlly  defeated,  Viill,  to  tlie  honor  and  safety  of  the 
American  nation,  be  lield  in  lasting  remembrance, 

A  most  invaluable  effect  of  your  late  patriotic 
exertions  for  defence,  on  tiie  present  and  futiu'e 
generations  will  be  a  conviction,  that  though  divi- 
sions as  to  men  and  measures  may  exist  among  us, 
yet  we  are  and  will  be,  one  universal  people,  in  de- 
•"ending  our  soil  against  all  foreign  im'aders;  and  . 
while  that  spirit  exists  which  governed  cur  fathers 
in  the  year  '7Qi,  and  anuniited  theh-  sons  in  the  ever- 
n^einorablc  year  1814,  we  a^-e  safe  from  foreign 
oppression. 

At  the  review  of  the  brigade,  on  the  day  follow- 
ing, it  was  addressed,  by  gen.  Strong  as  near  as  we 
could  ascertain  as  follows: 

SOLDIERS — You-r  military  appearance  and  perform- 
ances have  exceeded  my  eXj^eetations.  Tliougli 
the  weather  has  been  uiiftvorable  for  military  ma- 
nceuvres,  so  much  has  been  done,  as  to  convince  all, 
that  the  militia  have  of  late  very  much  improved. 
Much  credit  is  due  to  the  ofiicers  for  their  attention, 
and  to  the  soldiers  for  their  united  exertions  in  plac- 
ing the  militia  on  that  firm  and  all  important 
ground  contemplated  in  our  cor.stitution.  So  long 
as  we  follow  the  examples  of  tiiose  who  m.ide  us 
free,  so  long  v.-e  shall  be  able  to  suppoi't  that  proud 
name  sustained  by  our  fitliers  in  the  year  1776. 

Green  monntfdn  hoiis,  citizens  and  suliliers — You 
well  remember  your  situation  one  year  ago  to  day 
Tlie  smile  of  friendship  was  on  every  countenance 
— Piattsburg  protected — the  enemy  retreating — 
brothers  congratulating  each  other  on  success — • 
fatliers,  wives,  children  and  friends,  vv'elcoming  yott 
home,  and  a  g-raieful  countrj'  highly  approbating 
your  conduct.  Great  is  your  reward.  To  enjoy 
freedom,  you  must  at  all  times  be  prepared  to  pro- 
tect your  rig'hts.  Cherish  the  spirit,  and  persevere 
in  tlie  exertions  which  h.ive  recently  prevailed,  aji,u 
we  shall  remain  a  il-ce  people. 

Strexotii  ok  the  Sotrra.  Pendleton  district, 
C.  furnished  during  the  late  war,  upwards  of  1,009 
militia  and  400  regulars  for'tlie  actual  service  o_ 
tlie  United  States.  This  district  is  i.n  the  interior, 
•  immedisteiy  under  the  I5lg  Mountains,"  says  a  let- 
ter to  the  editor;  "and  in  1790,  the  only  place  of 
public  resort  M^as  the  mnst^'r  groimd  o?i't\c  county, 
at  which  tlie  little  eflective  ^Mockasin  for^e  was 
collected."  This  letter,  written  several  months 
ago,  adds — "we  are  far  removed  from  the  theatre  of 
war,  but  always  ready  to  sliare  it — 500  men,  assem- 
bled at  Pendleton  Court-llui'se  on  the  1st  of  Febru- 
ary (1815)  on  a  call  from  general  Pinckney,  in  four 
days  after  the  orders  were  received  at  that  place, 
to  march  to  tlic  seaboard." 

MoNu;\iEVT  TO  Buunows.  Portland,  September 
27. — It  is  v/jth  peculiar  pride  and  pleasure,  we  re« 
cord  an  instance  of  liberality  and  honorable  muni- 
ficence to  the  memori/  of  the  brave,  which  recently 
c*me  linder  om-  inspection. 


154      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  28,  1815. 


A  genUeman  from  New-York,  Matthew  I /.  Da- 
Tis,  Esq.  while  passing'  thi-ough  Irtwn  a  few  days 
since,  on  a  tour  to  the  eastward,  had  accidentally 
taken  a  walk  into  our  burying  ground.  His  atten- 
tion was  attracted  to  the  neglected  i^-ave  of  thclate 
crptuin  I'uiiRows.  Tlic  only  guide  to  tlie  spot,  where 
is  deposited  the  rcmahis  of  one,  who  had  so  much  he- 
i-oic  merit,  and  who  deserved  so  miich  ofhis  co\nitry, 
was  the  tomb-stone  of  Ids  deceased  competitor,  the 
Jh'itish  captain  Bhjthe.  Tliis  was  erected  two  >  ears 
since  by  the  surviving  oflicers  of  the  Boxer.  Tlic 
thought  was  instant.  iJr.  1).  immediately  gave  or- 
ders for  an  elegant  marhle  monument  to  be  erect- 
ed over  the  grave  of  linrroti-s — to  be  finished  by 
liis  return,  and  witliout  the  sparing  of  lab'jr  or  ex- 
pense. It  is  now  completed  and  jnit  up.  Its  style 
of  execution  does  much  credit  to  tiie  ingenious  ai-t- 
ist,  Mr.  Barilett  Jdams,  of  this  town;  the  in.^crip- 
Xjov  is  liighly  creditable  to  the  taste,  judgment,  and 
inodcsty  of  the  generous  donor,  and  wortliy  the  he- 
ro whom  it  is  designed  to  commemorate.  It  is  hi 
tlie  following  words: 

BENEAT!!    THIS    STONE 

moulders 

THK     KOliy    OF 

WILLIAM  burrow:;, 

Late  Commander 
of  the      , 
iVited    States'    brig  ENTERPRIZE, 
who  was  mortally  wounded 

ON   THE    FIFTH   OF   SEPTEMHEll,    1813, 

In  an  Action  which  contributed  to  increase  the 

Fame  of  American  Valor 

bv  cripturing 

llis  Britannic 'jMi.jcsty's  brigROXER, 

after  a  severe  contest  of 

forty-five  minutes. 


A  passing  stranger  has  erected  this  Mommicnt  of  re- 
spect to  the  manes  of  a  Patriot,  who,  in  the  hour 
of  peril,  obeyed  the  loud  sunn7ions  of  an  in- 
jured country;  and  who  gall.-^ntly  met, 
foi:g!it  and  conquered  the  foeman. 
Daktmoou   MASsAciiF,.       The   following  fact   ]:\s 
been  been  communicated  to  the  editor  of  the  IVeeh- 
h;  Reffisti'r  fiom  a  source  claiming  entire  belief: 

Toth.osewho  have  read  the  documents  respecting 
ihe  tragedy  at  Dartmoor,  the  fact  is  fitmiiiar  that  cer- 
tain Americans  were  branded  as  traitors  by  their  {'A- 
low  citizens  there,  for  agreeing  to  enter  the  Britisli 
service  to  relieve  themselves  from  the  sufferings  of 
iliat  iiifern;d  ])rison — for  this  certain  of  them  were 
tried,  but  for  want  of  evidence  or  something  else, 
\verc  .acquitted.  The  infamous  Shorthuid  was  ex- 
ceedingly enraged  at  it,  and  swore,  most  bitterly 
luid  blasphemously,  tliat  he  woxdd  have  satisfaction 
for  it,  before  he  was  done  with  them,  in.  their  blood, 
<K  words  to  this  cITcct.     Tlie  rascal  kept  his  oath. 

FKOM  THE  ESSEX   r.ETISTFn. 

.1/i'.  FaJfraij — J}y  ])\iblishi ng  the  inclosed  resolu- 
tions, adopted  at  York,  in  .Maine,  by  a  number  of 
our  sea-fearing  brethren  lately  returned  from  Dart- 
Jiioor  prison,  }ou  will  ])articuiarly  oblige 

A  SunSCKIBER. 

We,  the  undersigned,  late  prisoners  at  D:u-tmoor, 
r.ngland,  congi'atulatc  ourselves  und  each  otiier  on 
the  retuiTi  of  peace,  and  oiu-  safe  arrival  in  our  na- 
tive land,  after  so  long  and  cruel  a  confinement. 

And  we  resolve,  that  we  have  seen  with  mingled 
f-urprise  and  indignation,  the  statement  of  the  cir- 
cumstances which  led  to  the  unhapjjy  ^nassacre  at 
"Dartmoor,  l)y  the  orders  of  the  infamous  Shortland, 
f  igned  by  Charles  Kixg  on  behalf  of  the  United 
•States,  and  Fhakcis  Lahpent  on  tlie  part  of  Great 


Britain,  founded  almost  entirely  on  the  tcstimoHy. 
of  British  ojpcers,  on  their  honor — whilst,  at  the 
same  time,  the  aforesaid  commissioners  neglected 
to  examine  the  positive  evidence  that  could  have 
been  adduced  by  the  prisoners,  1o  show  that  thescj 
unfortunate  victims  of  British  barbarity  were  butch- 
ered by  a  blood-thirsty  bacclianal,  in  consequence 
of  positive  orders  given  by  him  to  fire  on  tliose  un- 
fortunate Americans,  to  gratify  a  private  pique,  for 
which  he  had  so  long  sought  a  plausible  pretext  i 
and  as  the  time  of  their  departvu'e  drew  near,  nfraid 
that  the  objects  of  his  m.alice  might  escape,  if  he 
delayed,  he  falsely  pretended  that  the  prisoners  had 
an  intention  of  C3ca])ing,  when  he  knew  the  fear  of 
ae'ain  beinsriuipressed  into  the  sei'vice  of  the  ancient, 
enemy  of  their  country  v.ould  prevent  them;  and, 
besides,  had  they  the  disposition,  they  had  not  the 
means  to  efTect  this  pretended  jjurpose,  from  their 
destitute  situation  in  a  foreign  land. 

And  we  furtj.ier  resolve,  that  we  have  seen  with 
great  astonishment,  a  resolve  of  the  legislature  of 
our  native  state,  once  the  cradle  of  liberty,  purports 
ing,  that  after  diligent  enquiry  having  been  had, 
only  sixteen  instances  of  impressment  sould  be  sa- 
tisiactoril)-  substantiated,  when  the  sm^lc  prison  of' 
Dai-tmoor  contained  2300  of  our  fellow -citizens  in 
that  predicament,  who  had  surrendered  tliemselves 
as  prisoners  of  war  at  the  commencement  of  hosti- 
lities, more  than  350  of  v/hom  were  native  citizens 
of  Massachusetts.  Some  of  these  unfortunate  vic- 
tims of  British  cruelty  iiad  been  forcibly  detained 
for  more  than  tv\  enty  }ears  in  the  British  service, 
separated  from  all  they  held  dear — from  their  na- 
tive land  of  liberty,  from  their  wives,  children  and 
friends,  held  in  the  most  oppressive  bondage,  the 
better  part  of  their  lives  wasted  and  worn  out,  in 
fighting  tlie  battles  of  a  foreign  power  with  nations 
then  at  peace  with  their  own. 

And  we  further  resolve,  that  the  thanks  of  the 
imdersigned  are  justly  due  to  Dr.  Magrath,  tlie  phy- 
sician of  the  hospital,  for  his  kindness  to  the  pri- 
soners generally,  wliile  we  call  down  the  cJioicest 
curses  of  Heaven  upon  the  head  of  that  murderous 
miscreant,  the  infam^ous  Shortland 

And  we  further  resolve,  that  eveiy  impression  we 
f  n-merly  entertained  in  favor  of  the  Bridsh  nation, 
as  magnanimous,  pious,  liberal,  honorable  or  brave, 
is  utterly  extinguished  by  tlie  reguL.r  and  systema- 
tic o])prcssion,  practised  under  oiu'  own  observa^ 
tion,  calcinated  to  render  our  existence  uncomfort- 
able, and  by  breaking  down  om-  sinrits  and  abusing 
our  feelings,  to  hiu-ry  us  out  of  this  world  iiito 
eternity. 

And  we  fiu'ther  resolve,  that  whilst  with  ]jride 
and  pleasure,  we  have  heard  recounted  the  repeat- 
ed exploits  of  our  infant  navy,  which  have  given 
our  country  an  exalted  rank  amongst  the  nations  of 
the  earth,  we  cannot  sulliciently  express  our  con- 
tempt for  the  put.illanimous  conduct  of  a  great  and 
powerful  state,  in  suH'ering  an  enemy  of  a  barbarous 
character,  to  occupy,  with  an  inconsiderable  force, 
one  tiiird  part  ofits  territory;  so  strongly  contrasted 
with  the  gallantry  of  our  western  brethren,  when 
the  intrepid  .Jackson  led.  his  valiant  band  to  victory 
and  glory,  jireventcd  the  horrors  of  St.  Sebastian's 
from  being  repeated  at  New-Orleans,  preserved  that 
city  from  indiscriminate  rapine  and  i*avisliment, 
which  the  iiugallant  Packenham  had  promised  to  his 
troops,  as  incentives  to  their  courage  ;  but  instead 
of  the  arms  of  beauty  he  met  the  embraces  of  death  ; 
instead  of  booty  he  found  an  untimely  grave.  So 
perish  all  the  enemies  of  America  ! 

And  we  further  resolve,  that  whilst  our  gallant 
naval  heroes,  Baiii'^ridge,  Decatur,  Hull,  Jones,  Rid- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—WAR  EVENTS, 


155 


4le.  P'lakelv,  the  l.imejited  Lawrence,  Warrington, 
Mon-is,  PerVv  and  Macdonoug-h,  liavc  been  earning 
burols  for  their  counti-y,  a  desperate  and  unprinci- 
pled faction  have  been  plotting  the  dismemberment 
of  the  union,  the   erection  of  a  monarchy  in  New- 
EnghuKl,  discourag-ing  enlistments,  preventing  loans, 
by  depreciating  public  credit,  aiding  and  abetting 
t!ie  enemy,  by  supi)lying  him  with  provisions,  wliere- 
by  he  was  enabled,    by  hovering  round  our  shores 
iind  the  months  of  our  liarbors,  to  capture  many  of 
our  private  armed  vessels,  all  of  whicli  had  a  ten 
,  dencv  to  prolong  the  war,  increase  tlie  number  of 
jjrisoners,  and  keep  us  longer  from  our  homes.     We 
therefore  declare  that  we  luive  no  longer  any  confi- 
dence in   men  who  rejoiced  at  the  misfortunes  of 
their  own  country  and  gloried  in  the  victories  gain- 
ed by  the  enemy,  mereJij  as  a  means  of  increasing  their 
.influence,  and  raising  themselves  to  power ;    who 
stigmatized  those  who  engaged  in  the  war,  directly 
or  indirectly,  as  murderers:  who  have  repeatedly  de- 
cUircd  that  the  imprejsmcnt  of  seamen  is  no  cause 
of  war,  when  we  know  that  more  than  two,  per- 
haps three  tliousand,  have  been  released  from  a 
"worse   than  Algerine  bondage,    in  consequence  of 
this  same  "imjust  and  ninnecessarti •war'' — such  men, 
whatever  they  may  pretend,  are  no  fi-iends  to  sail- 


Das^iid  Sargent, 
J^'atluiniel  IJoiuiell,  jr. 
Theodore  IVinn, 
Juhn  Hall, 
James  Bragdon, 
Pelatiah  KersrjcU, 
and  others. 


In  a  large  number  of  tlie 


ors,  or  sailors'  rights. 

(Signed) 
IVilliani  Harmon, 
Samuel  S.  Grant, 
Jienjamin  Fletcher, 
James  Falls, 
Joiia.  Saijward, 
.John  (rood^vin, 
Elijah  Jenkins, 

York,  (Me.)  August  31,  1815 

Hartfokd  CoNVEKTIrOX. 

.federal  votes  given  at  the  l.tte  election  in  Vermont 
the  name  of  IViUiam  Hall  was  struck  out  and  the 
Vords  "Hartford  Conventio-n"  sulistituted  in  its 
place.  This  man  was  a  delagate  to  that  infam.ous 
assembly,  appointed  by  no  body  knows  ,vho,  and  we 
are  g-lad  to  see  tliis  evidence  of  the  contcmj)t  that 
should  forever  attach  to  eacli  one  of  that  knot. 

{4r,x.  Pike.     From  the  ^iindectic  JMagazine. — The 
following  is  a  correct  copy  of  the  last  letter  of  gene- 
ral Pike.     It  was  handed  to  his  aid,  on  the  evening 
previous  to  liis  fall,  with  this  injunction — "Should  I 
fall   and   you  siu'vive,  hand  tliis  yourself  to  Mrs. 
Pike."     As    it  breatlies  a  spirit   of  ]Kitriotism   and 
affection  worthy  of  tlie  departed  lieto,  I  liave  tliought 
it  worthy  of  preservation  and  publication. — 1).  F. 
".Ifv  dear  Clara, — We  are  now  standing-  on  and 
'    elf  the  harbor  of  York,  which  we  shall  attack  at  day- 
light in  the  morning:  I  shall  dedicate  these  last  mo- 
ments   to  you,  my  love,  and   to-morrow  throw  all 
other  ideas  but  my  coimtry  to  tlie  winds.     As  yet,  I 
know  not  if  general  Dearborn  lands;  he  has  acted 
honorably  so  tar,   and  1  feel  great  gratitude  to  the 
old  gentleman:  my  sv.ord  and  pen  sliall  l)oth  be  ex- 
erted to  t'o  him  honor.     1  have  no  new  injunction, 
no  new  charge  to  g-ive  you;  nor  no  new  idea  to  com- 
municate; yet  we  love  to  commune  with  tliose  we 
love,  more  especially  \yhen  we  conceive  it  may  be 
the  last  time  in    this  vrorld.     Should  I  fall,  defend 
my  memory,  and  only  believe,  had  I  lived,  T  would 
have  aspired   to   <lceds   worthy  of  your  husband. — 
llemember  me,  with  a  father'slo-  e— a  father's  care, 
to   our  dear   daughter;  and  believe  me  to  be,  with 
vthe  warmest  sentunents  of  love  and  fi-iendshi]i, 

"Your  MOXTGOMERY." 

Wasp  and  Avon.  The  following  particulars  of 
the  action  between  the  U.  Slates'  sloop  of  war 
Wasp,  and' JI.  13.  M.  sloop  of  vrar  Avo.:,  were  gath- 


ered from  a  conversation  bv  a  getitleman  on  board 
the  U.  States'  schooner  Xon'such,  at  Halifax,  (X.  S.) 
with  the  sm-geon  of  the  Avon. 

The  Avon  mounted  18   32-pound  caFVonades  and 
one  long  shifting  12;  had  a  complement  of  120  men. 
The  action  lasted  40  minutes.     There  were  22  men 
killed— among  them  the  1st  lieutenant;  5  woimded 
men  were  left  in  the    cockpit  wjien  the  Avon  went 
down— the  greater   part  of  tlie  crew  were  vrounded 
and    many  severely.     It  was  afterwards  necessary 
to  amjmtate  the  commander's  leg  (capt<>!n  James.) 
The  Avon  was  literally  cut  to  pieces;  when  sinking 
they  called  to    the  American  commander,  who  had 
his  boats  lowering,  when,  on  the  apiiearance  of  two 
sloops  of  war,  he  hoisted  them  in  and  bore  away. — . 
The  last  boat  that  left  the   Avon   scarcely  escaped 
tlie  suction  occasioned  by  her  g-oing  dowm-    Tlie 
surgeon  seemed  mucli  astonished  on   hearing  the 
size  of  the  Wasp  and  her  complement  of  men.    She. 
was  considered  by  him  as  greatly  largei',  and  muc!\ 
superior  in  point  of  force. — M-rfolk  I^edger, 

DIVISION    OKDERS. 

Head-qnarters,  Socket's  Harbor.,  AdjutaTg'i- 

general's  O^ce,  Jllaif  12,  1815. 

The  period  has  arrived  when  the  soldiers  of  tlH.* 

division  of  the  army,  who  have  enlisted  for  dunng 

the  war,  will  receive  their  arrearages,  and  an  hour 

orable   discharge  from  tlie  service  of  their  coimtrj'. 

The  colonel  commanding-,  directs  that  their  arms 

and  accoutrements  be   first  delivered   over  to  the 

deputy  commissary  of  ordnance,  and    tl>e  adoption 

of  the  following    order  of  payment  and  final  dis- 

charg-e,  viz. 

Tlie  9th  and  25th,  the  11th  and  22d,  tlie  1st  and 
and  21st,  the  light  artillery,  corps  of  artillery  and 
4-5th  infantry,  the  23d,  and  lastly  the  18th.  Two 
days  will  intervene  between  the  paj'meni.  of  eacli 
regiment  as  above  connected  and  arranged.  The 
live  years'  men  will  not  Ije  paid,  until  those  for  dur- 
ing the  war  shall  have  left  the  post. 

Commandants  of  brigades  and  regiments  are 
aware  of  the  necessity  of  adopting  system  and  me- 
thod,  in  the  disbandment  of  sixteen  himdi-ed  sol- 
diers; they  are  called  on  strictly,  to  carry  into  ef- 
fect the  immediate  and  orderly  depai-tm'e  of  theip 
respective  commands,  as  soon  as  paid  off. 

The  colonel  flatters  himself,  that  the  soldiers, 
tlie  heroes  of  the  gallant  deeds  of  the  last  cam- 
paign, who,  by  their  valor  have  added  new  glory  to 
the  Americim  nation;  will  not  allow  a  chai-acter  so 
honoi-able  to  be  tarnished  by  unsoldicr-lilic  and  un- 
gentlemanly  conduct,  whilst  i  ^turning  to  their  civil 
avocations.  Let  the  valual>le  non-commissioned  of- 
ficers set  a  laudable  example.  Soldiers,  by  jour 
sobriety  and  g-eneral  good  conduct,  convince  you> 
fellow  citizens  that  you  are  as  valuable  and  merito- 
rious in  domestic  life,  as  you  have  been  brave  and 
victorious  in  the  field.  Patriotic  gratitude  will  di- 
rejct  their  conduct  towards  you;  they  will  respect 
and  kindly  treat  those  men  wjio  have  fought  and 
suflcred  for  tlieir  country — who  so  long  have  stsod 
its  faithful  sentinels  on  the  fiozen  l)orders  of  Erie, 
Niagara,  Ontario  and  the  Si.  Lav.rence. 

JNIau}'  of  you  have  parents,  wives  and  children-; 
these,  with  all  the  endearing  ties  of  social  and  pri- 
vate life,  you  lefc,  when  your  country,  to  revenge  her 
injuries,  rallied  you  to  her  banners.  You  liave  done 
)our  duty — they  how  anxiously  await  your  honora- 
ble return.  Huskmd  the  earnings  of  your  g-lo- 
rious  toil — reserve  for  them  the  pleasure  of  jiai-tici- 
pating  with  \ou  tlierev.ards  of  your  services. 

Tlie  land  presented  you  by  the  United  States  is 
of  more  value,  tlian  many  ofjou  suppose;  that  giv- 
en the  revolutionary  soldiers,    v..is,  perhaps  consir 


J 56      NILBS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY;  OCTOBER  28,  1815. 


dercd  at  the  period  of  its  donation  of  less  impor 
tance  than  the  tract  which  will  be  apportioned  to 
you  at  the  present  day.  Beware  of  base  specula- 
tors on  your  dear-bouglit  lig-lits.  Secure  and  re- 
serve your  land — if  possible,  settle  it — in  a  few 
years  it  will  be  an  ample  independence  f(  ••  you  and 
your  families.  Tlie  most  beautiful  section  of  this 
state  was,  in  part,  the  reward  of  the  veterans  wlio 
achieved  the  revolution  and  establislied  our  inde- 
pendence; some  of  tlie.im  wisely  retained  and  culti- 
vated this  well  deserved  bounty  from  tlieir  country-. 
They  soon  were  remunerated  for  tlielr  industry  and 
enterprise.  In  your  marches  to  the  Niap^ava  fron- 
tier, you  have  seen  the  honorable  and  prudent  sol- 
dier of  those  days,  enjoying-  all  the  blessings  of  life 
on  tlie  very  land  his  valor  and  patriotism  had  ac- 
quired, and  his  industry  had  improved.  Emulate 
their  example  in  private  life,  as  }ou  have  rivalled 
their  glory  in  the  field — and  you,  citizen  soldiers, 
may  hope  for  equal  prosperity. 

The  colonel  commanding-,  in  L>ehaif  of  your  coun- 
try and  your  absent  general,  presents  you  liis  most 
cordial  wishes  for  a  happy  return  to  your  homes, 
and  that  health  and  happiness  may  attend  you 
through  life. 

By  command  of  colonel  Mitchell, 

R.  JOXE.S,  lieut.  col.  act'g  adj't.  gen. 

The  estalish:mext  of  the  United  States  "during  tlie 
late  war,  consisted  of  1  regt.  light  artillery ;  1 
do.  dragoons;  a  corps  of  ewgineers  ;  12 battalions 
of  artillery  ;  42  regiments  of  infimtry  ;  4  do.  rifle 
men  ;  10  companies  of  Rangers  ;  8  companies  of  sea 
fencibles,  and  a  regiment  of  Canaelian  volunteers — 
making  a  total  force  of  62,588  men — of  which  were 


the  former,  in  our  very 
sity  becomes  small. 


the  following  officers : 
Major-generals  7 

Brevet     do.  3 

Brigadier-generals  9 

Brevet         do.  4 

Adjutant-gen's,  dep't  23 
Inspector-gen's,  dep't  23 
Topographical  do.  9 
Ordnance  do.      21 

Quarter-master's  do.    50 

Total 


Judge  Advocates  8 

Hospital  department    89 
Chaplains  9 

Purchasing  departm't  41 


extended   navw,  of  necGS- 
-Your    ships    contained,  ai 
far  as  I  am  informed,  all  able  seamen,  all  volunteers. 
Our  tidmiralty   should   have  known  the  enemy  we 
had  to  deal  with,  and  have   distributed   our   force 
accordingly;  for  it  was  quite  obvious  to  all  our  of- 
ficers who  had  seen  your  frigates  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, and  lain  alongside  of  them,  that  they  were 
much  more  powerful  vessels  than  ours,  and  better 
manned.     Now  that  the  game  is  over,  we  are  build- 
ing frigates  exactl\-  after  your  model.    They  should 
hive   been    built   sooner,  and  manned  with  prime 
hands:  and  as  little  as  possible  left  to  chance.     As 
it   is,   the  charm  of  invincibility   is  broken,  and  it 
will  influence,  in  spite  of  every  effort,  tlie  future 
contests  between  the  two  nations;  tho;!gh  I  sincerely 
trust    such  contests   ai-e    far    oft.     At   Portsmouth 
lately,  I  s;iw  on  board  one  of  our  crach  frigates,  the 
new  sights  for  cannon  adopted  from  your  service 
These  in  themselves  must,   if  used  in  the  action, 
have  given  a  very  considerable  advantage.     It  is  no 
mean  distinction,  that  the  Americans  are  teaching, 
it  the  present  day,  a  new  system  to  England  in  na- 
val affairs.     The  war  on  shore  seems  nearly  a  repe- 
tition of  the  revolutionary  wax-,  the  history  of  which 
one   would  think,    had  either  made  no  impression 
upon  our  ministry,  or  never  been  read:  otherwise 
they  could  hardly  have    been    such  dunces    as  to 
commit  the  very  same  errors.     The  most  disgrace- 
ful part  of  the  war  to  us,  as  f'u-  as  I  can  judge,  was 
the    affair  at  Plattsburg.     The  first  measures    of 
the  Canadian  war  on  our  side,  should  have  been  the 
destruction  of  this  place   and  of  Sackett's  K;u-bor, 
before  time  had  been  allowed  to  strengthen  them; 
and  more  troops   should  have  been  allotted   to  the 
service.     As  for  the  affau*  at  New-Orleans,  we  were 
already  informed  of  the  fatal  result  before  the  re- 
ceipt of  your  letter. Surely,  our   commanders 

ousrht  to  have  known  what    sort  of  fire  might  be 


Colonels 
Lieut.  Colonels 
Majors 
Captains 
Lieutenants,  &c. 


4a 

58 

110 

521 

1576 


2646 
Boston  p7tper. 
letter  from  an 
American  gen- 


EniTisH  OPINION'S.  Extract  of  a 
English  gentleman  in  Lt)ndon,  to  an 
tlemau  in   Philadelphia,  dated  21st  July,  1815 

"The  war  was  a  subject  of  general  regret  here; 
at  least  I  never  met  with  a  single  individiuil  who  did 
not  lament  it.  It  is  is  indeed  smceiely  to  be  hoped 
that  it  may  teach  moderation  to  each  party,  as  it 
has  shown  that  each  can  do  the  other  much  inju- 
ry.    Captain  ,  of   the frig..te,  with  whom 

I  had  a  long  conversation  just  before  I  left  Dublin, 
told  me  he  had  ciiptured  and  destroyed  three  hun- 
dred and  twenty  sail  of  American  vesssels  on  the 
different  stations  upon  which  he  had  been  placed.* 
The  result  of  the  war,  however,  may  be  summed  up 
in  a  few  words.  It  ha.s  huinblfd  the  tone  of  our 
ministry  and  of  the  nation,  and  made  the  United 
States  much  more  respected  in  Evu-ope.  Succes  •. 
dazzles  mankind,  and  few  sit  down  patiently  to  in- 
vestigate die  real  causes  of  failure  or  victory.  Those 
however,  who  do  so,  will,  perhaps,  discover,  that  h» 
every  instance  of  triumph,  your  vessels  were  strong- 
er, and  the  crews  numerically  greater,  as  v.ell  as 
much  more  select.  It  is  notorious  that  oiu-  ships  of 
War  count  three  classes  of  men:  able  .leanien;  ordi- 
nary  seamen  and  landsmen:  and  the  proportion  of 

*A  tou^h  yarn.— -IJec. 


expected  from  an  American  intrenched  force.  Good 
marksmen  who  are  cool  liave  an  advantage  almost 
incalculable  in  such  a  position,  and  it  is  said  500  of 
our  men  fell  on  the  first  fire,  without  seeing  an  ene- 
my to  attack  in  return." — U.  States'  Gazette. 

Naval  couht.  Opinion  of  the  court  of  enquiry 
convened  at  New- York  on  the  2d  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1815,  by  order  of  the  secretary  of  the  navy,  to 
examine  into  the  causes  and  circumstances  wiiich 
pi'oduced  the  capture  of  the  U.  S.  late  brig  Sirex, 
under  coranaand  of  lieutenant  commandant  N.  D. 
Nicholson. 

"The  court,  being  perfectly  satisfied  with  the 
evidence  adduced,  was  cleared,  and  aRer  mature 
deliberation  on  all  the  circumstances,  is  of  opiriion, 
that  no  censure  can  be  attached  to  lieut.  comman- 
dant Nicholson  for  the  loss  of  the  Siren;  but,  on  the 
contrary,  that  his  conduct  was  that  of  a  cool,  vigi- 
lant, zealous  and  active  officer.  The  court  is  also 
of  opinion,  that  the  conduct  of  the  officers  and  crew 
during  the  ciuise,  was  perfectly  correct  and  free 
from  censure."  SAM'L  EVANS,  President. 

Sam'l  11.  Maiissall,  acting  judge  advocate." 

Ti\e  editor  of  a  ne%\'spaper  published  at  Notting- 
ham, England,  animadverting  on  the  coiifliigration  of 
the  national  library  at  Washington  city,  stated,  that 
"the  burning  of  the  library  was  an  act  without  ex- 
ample in  modern  wars,  or  hi  ;my  other  wars,  since 
the  inroiids  of  the  barbarians  who  conflagrated 
Rome,  and  overtlircw  the  Roman  empire."  The 
printer  v/as  prosecuted  for  this  as  a  libel,  and  haa 
been  condemned  to  sucli  punishment  as  is  usually 
inflicted  on  the  most  abandoned  villains.  The  JSn§-- 
lish  government  is  determined  to  maintain  its  character. 
'  — Aurora. 


"T— *^ 


NILES'  WEEKLY  UEGISTEH, 


ma.  10  OF  Vol.  IX.]         BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  NOYE.MUr.ll  4,  1815. 


[WUOLE  xo.  213. 


Hac  olim  ineminisise  juvabit. — YinoiL. 


PHIXTiJD  AND   PUBLLSHKII    BY   II.   NII.KSi,   NO.   29,  SOUTH  C AtVEUT-STHEET,  AT  §5  PEIl  AJJNUir. 


Naval  Affairs. 

[We  hate  been  favored  by  the  same  attentive  cor- 
respondent with  another  letter*  from  an  ofhcer 
of  the  navy  to  his  friend,  detailing',  in  a  minute 
and  perspicuous  manner,  the  threat  importance  of 
dry  docks,  and  the  series  of  unavoidable  dangers 
and  disadvanlag-es  to  which  vessels  of  a  large 
class  must  be  subjected  in  the  tedious  operation 
of  careening.  We  tliink  his  arguments  unan- 
swer.able;  and,  therefore,  cannot  refrain  from  re- 
commending them  to  the  serious  pei'usal  of  all, 
especially  of  those  who  take  a  lively  interest  in 
whatever  concerns  the  prosperity  of  our  gallant 
navy:] 

A  ihitd  interesting  letter  from  an  officer  of  the  Uni- 
ted Stutt's^  navtj  to  ids  friend,  a  member  of  congress, 
dated  lit 

Washixotox,  Sept.  20th,  1815. 
Dear  sir — It  is  very  natural  that  you  sliould  en- 
quire, why  dry  docks  are  now  more  necessary  to 
our  navy  than  at  any  former  period,  and  why  they 
are  necessary  at  all?  On  these  questions  I  shall  en- 
ffeavor  to  furnish  }ou  with  a  few  explanatory  re- 
marks, that,  in  my  epinion,  will  allbrd  tlie  most  sa- 
tisfitctory  answers  to  them;  and,  at  the  same  time, 
connect  with  these  remarks,  as  I  go  along,  some 
useful  facts  and  estimates  relative  to  the  cost,  the 
economy,  and  the  many  other  advantages  resulting 
from  the  use  of  dry  docks,  as  w'ell  as  to  the  manner 
of  erecting  them. 

Dry  docks  have  alwaj-s  been  a  great  desideratum 
in  our  naval  establishment.  The  necessity  for  them 
has  indeed  been  long  and  severely  ftlt,  tliough  not 
more  so  than  at  the  present  period.  Heretofore 
We  had  no  larger  vessels  in  our  navy  than  frigates, 
and  these  we  v/ere  enabled,  some  how  or  other,  to 
heave  down  when  their  bottoms  required  repair- 
ing, at  a  great  expense  and  under  many  inconve- 
niences and  delays.  In  this  operation  the  ships 
have  always  been  greatly  strained  and  some  very 
seriously  injured,  by  being  thrown  out  of  their  ori- 
ginal shape;  some  have  sprung  their  musts;  and,  to 
my  knowledge,  an  instance  ;  as  occurred  of  tEc 
sinking  of  a  frigate  while  undergoing  this  unnatu- 
ral ordeul.  Biit,  that  you  may  be  enabled  to  form 
some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  tlie  dangers  and  dif- 
ficulties to  which  ships  are  invariably  exposed  in 
being  hove^down,?!  sliall,  as  briefly  as  possible,  give 
you  a  description  of  tliat  operation. 

The  careening  of  a  ship  is  effected  by  affixing 
tackles,  or  purchases,  to  the  mast  head,  and  to  the 
wharf  or  shore  by  which  slie  is  to  be  hove  down: 
to  the  fall  or  end  of  each  of  these  tackles  a  force 
is  then  applied,  and  the  mast  operating  as  a  lever 
with  tlie  vessel's  sides  for  a  fulcrum,  she  is  by  these 
means  brouglit  keel  out  of  water.  Two  of  these 
tackles  are  m  general  applied,  one  to  the  foremast 


and  the  other  to  tlie  mainmast. They    are  com. 

moniy  foiu-  fold,  and  to  heave  down  a  frigate   with 
thc.ii,  Iceel  out,    it   is   necessary  to    employ  a  force 


*The  reader  M'ill  please  to  correct  tlie  following 
trror  m  our  last— puge  U2,  1st  col.  12th  line  from 
the  bottom— for  "All  the  other  yards  and  establish- 
ments might  be  sold,  buildings  erected,"  S;c.  read 
.111  the  other  yards  and  estahUahments,  might  he  aold, 
A.SB    WITK    THB    PHOCKEDS    OF    TU'EIB    SVLi:    bvUdinr's 

strG  HT  UK  erected,  fee  J  ^ 

VOIv  IX.. 


equal  in  power  to  tlie  strength  often  or  twelve  hmi- 
dred  men;  thus  making,  according  to  accurate  cr.l- 
cu!a"ion,  the  quantum  of  the  actual  fi)rce  applied  to 
the  lever  equal  to  the  united  strength  of  five  thou- 
sand men!  To  prepare  a  ship  for  careening  with 
licr  keel  out,  every  article  on  board  must  be  L-uid- 
ed  from  her — ^lier  upper  works  previously  caulked, 
and  her  masts  well  secured  h)^  preventer  shrouds,. by 
shores,  by  outriggers,  and  by  various  other  complex 

and    precautionary  contrivances. Considerable 

weight  must  then  be  placed  upon  her  bowsprit  and 
on    her  bows,  in  order  to  bring  her  down  by  the 
head;  that  her  keel,  or  the  after  part  of  It,  m  y  be 
brouglit  out  of  water;  and  thus,  with  her  keel  out 
of  water,  and  supported  only  by  the  bilge  or  round 
of  her  side,  this  immense  force  is  incessan'Jy  strain- 
ing vipon  her  masts  and  hull,  while,    at  the  same 
time,^a  great  weight  is  pressing  upon  her  bows,  and 
her  whole  stern  is  weighing  do\Mi  the  opposite  ex- 
tremity.    It  is  evident,  that  while  in  this  situation, 
the  ship  must  be    exposed  to  m.any  accidents;  for 
if  either  of  the  tackles  should  give  way,  not  only 
the  lives  of  tlie  men    employed  at   her  bottom  are 
subject  at  once  to  the  most  imminent  danger,  but 
the  loss  of  one  of  her  masts  must  inevitably  follow. 
Should  there  be  anv  rise  or  fall  of  tide,  the  utmost 
attention  is  required  to  the  seciu'ity  of  the  tackles; 
for,  imiess  they  were  duly  slackened  upon  the  ris- 
ing of  the  tide,  the  ship  would  certainly  upset  from 
the   confinement  of  the  lever;  and  upon  tlie  same 
principle,  unless  they  were  equally  attended  to  up- 
on the   ebbing  of  the   tide,   she    must  nccessraliy 
right  so  much  as  to  render  it  impossible  to  work  at 
her  bottom.     In  addition  to  all  tliis,  the  position  in 
which  she  Lays  occasions  her  to  strain  to  such  a  de- 
gree as   to  open  her  seams  and  expose  her  to   the 
danger  of  sinking,  notwithstanding  the  constant  ef- 
fect of  pumps  in  reducing  t]i£  watei-,  which  no  pre- 
cautionary n^easures  can  prevent  from  lealcing  in. 
We  h.ave  always  been  compelled   to  resort  to  tiiis 
expedient  in  repairing  tlie  bottoms  of  our  ships  ot' 
war,  however  trifling  the  injuries  they  had  sustain- 
ed.    In  this  way  our  fiig-ates,  witli  the  exception  ot' 
the  Guerriere    and  Java,  liave  several  times  been 
hove  down;   some   have  had  considerable  repair.s 
done   to    their  b<:)ttoms,  but  not  one  of  them  has 
escaped  tire  operation  without  being  strained  and 
weakened  to   such  a  degree   as  to  render  it  abso- 
lutely unsafe  (considering  tlieir  age)  to  repair  them 
over  again  in  this  way.     Some  of  them  have  been 
still  more  weakened  hi  the  hull  by  the   removal  of 
old  plank  for  the  purpose  of  putting  on  new  ones; 
for,  as  tlie  old  trenails  and  bolts  remain,   new  lioles 
must  be  bored,  until,  by  successive  repairs  in  this 
way,  the  strength  of  the  respective  timbers  is  al- 
most totally  destroyed.     The  frigates  Constitution, 
United  States,  Constellation,  Congress,  and,  in  fact, 
all  the  old  siiips  now  in  service,  it  is  believed,  have 
not  sufficient  strength  to  bear  tiie  operation  of  heav- 
hig  down;  and  the  President,  when  last  careened, 
was  so  strained  as   to  cause  one  of  her  quai'ters  to 
rise  eighteen  inches  higher  than  the  other,  and  her, 
shape  so  completely  distorted  as  to  make  it  utterly 
)  impossible  f^r  her  ever  to  recover  it  aga&f; 


]58      KILES'  WSEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  4,  1815. 


I  am  thus  pavticular  in  laying  these  facLs  before 
you,  relative  to  the  difllcult  autl  dangerous  opera- 
tion of  careening- et'wj  frigates,  knowing  as  I  do  that 
the  subject  is  new  to  you,  and  tliat  tlierefore  I  can- 
riui  be  100  precise  in  my  explanations.  1  am  not 
certain,  however,  tliat  I  hare  been  able  to  make 
you  comprehend  fully  the  awkward  and  uiieasy  si- 
tuation of  a  siiip  wiienliove  keel  out,  as  I  have  been 
under  the  necessity  of  using  some  technical  terms 
which,  pcrliaps,  you  do  not  untlerstand.  To  pro- 
vide against  tjiis  disad^antage,  I  will  state  as  clear- 
ly as  possible,  th;it  i»y  wish  is  to  make  you  sensi- 
bie  that  a  frig^rte  can  lot  be  jiove  down  without  he - 
ing  greatly  strained;  an  idea  of  the  extent  of  which 
you  will  be  able  to  form,  by  figuring  to  yourself  a 
Vessel  of  this  description  drawn  down  on  her  beam 
ei'ids,  by  a  f*  tree  of  not  Icbs  tlian  three  or  four  hun- 
dred Ions  applied  to  iier  mast-heads,  keeping  in 
nji.id  at  tlie  same  time  tlie  great  masses  of  timber 
comjjosinp;  he?  biows  and  rvtern,  which  remain  entire- 
ly unsupported  except  by  the  plunk  andj  timber  con- 
neciiug  llitni  witli  tiie  midshij)  frame.  In  this  sta:?, 
(from  which  tiie  ship  never  escapes  uninjured) 
wiien  eKtensive  repairs  are  required,  she  must  re- 
main tor  several  days,  and  in  some  cases  even  tor 
many  weeks;  during  whicii  her  crew  must  be  sub- 
sisted on  shore,  or  on  board  a  receiving  ship — her 
rigging,  sails,  stoi'es,  cordage,  kc.  put  osi  shore — a 
sceiie  of  confusion  inti-oduced  into  every  depart- 
ment— discipline  reUixed — desertions  hazarded — 
bad  habits  promoted  amongst  the  men — and,  in 
siiort,  every  evil  exi>cricnced  to    wliich  a  state  of 


like 


t'hs  might  be  expected  to 


nve  rise. — 


A-A  Uiis  iias  been  the  f  ite  of  frigatcT  and  smr.iier 
Vessels  in  operaUons  of  ihis  kind,  and  I  state  it  liere 
afnongst  the  calamities  incurred  by  vessels  in  im- 
derguing  thcni,  as  I  siiaH  speak  of  the  expense 
htre-ificr. 

i(]  then,  tlie  careening  of  fi-igates  Then  new  and 
strong,  jius  invariyhly  been  aticnded  with  so  much 
mjuiyaiid  inconveuience,  what  d:ingers  »nd  disad- 
vantages may  we  not  reasonably  look  for  in  attempt- 
ing 10  careen  tiiem  when  old  and  crazy?  And  if 
laese  be  tiie  dampers  aiul  disadvantages  uniforralr 
attenaant  upon  frigates  wliile  under  this  opei-ation, 
wiio  can  caiculate  liic  extent  of  the  danger,  incon- 
venience and  injury  to  v/hicii,  under  similar  clrcum- 
si.aric.es,  a  ship  of  74  i^Tins  must  inevitably  be  ex- 
ptisedr'  I  adiiiit,  that  wiiile  our  frigates  and  smaller 
Vessels  were  new  and  strong,  we  wtce  enabled,  for 
tile  want  of  better  means,  to  careen  tJiem  when  it 
beciUTie  necessLiry  to  overh;.ul  their  bottoms;  but 
tiiey  are  now  oid,  and  will  soon  require  such  exten- 
sive repairs  as  to  rejider  theh-  heaving  down  total- 
ly impracticable.  Hence  it  becomes  necessary  ei- 
ther to  haul  them  up  on  sliore,  or  to  erect  dry 
doeks  for  their  accoimnotlation.  And  aithougji  the 
Adams,  tiie  .Enterprise,  and  some  otlier  vessels  of 
that  elasj  were  repaired  ag-reeable  to  the  former 
piuii,  yci  iLWas  found  that  the  expcnce  of  haulini', 
them  up  exceeded  all  moderate  calculation,  and 
'uiaX.  tliero^t  oi  repairing  liiem  in  this  way,  when 
laui:c!ied,  did  ivot  fail  s!iori  of  thai  required  to  buihi 
ai!  entire  ne\r  s:ap.  JJesides,  however  well  the  plan 
might  ansv,-er  foT  repaiiirig  smaller  vessels,  it  wouhl 
assuredly  not  do  to  repair  fugatcs — at  least  it  has 
not3et  been  trisd  with  tiiem.  How  much  less  then 
Avo;:id  it  answer  for  ships  of  the  line? 

'i'heje  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  ships  of  the  line, 
wliiie  ntw,  may  be  hove  down;  bvd  the  injuries  to 
V'hici)  tuey  mm'i.  inevitably  be  exposed  in  undergo- 
ing the  operation,  will  necessiirily  be  very  conside- 
rable, atid  a  few  years  will  make  it  indispensable 
fvr  as  t«  iJiyvids  .ioixn:  oUier  method  of  repaii-inj' 


jthem.  1+  is  proper,  therefore,  Ihat  we  should  be- 
gin to  prepare  the  means  in  time,  for  if  any  accident 
siiould  ?;/)w  make  it  necessary  to  overhaul  the  bot' 
torn  of  one  of  our  74  gun  ships,  there  is  no  other 
mode  by  which  it  could  be  ejected  than,  either 
subjecting  her  to  the  tedious,  vexatious,  injuriouSy 
dangerous  and  expensive  operation  of  heaving  do\vn, 
or  sending  her  to  one  of  the  dry  docks  of  England, 
F.ance,  Spain,  Portugal,  or  tlie  Grand  Seig^iior. — 
Whereas,  if  .such  a  convenient  contrivance  existed 
in  the  Ihiited  States  for  a  ship  of  tliat  size,  slie 
could  be  sent  in  at  one  tide,  have  her  dam;!ges  re- 
Ocdred,  and  hauled  out  ag-ain  the  next.  The  truth 
is,  that  if  we  intend  to  keep  up  any  thing  like  a 
respectable  naval  est  iblishmeiit,  it  will  be  impossi- 
ble to  dispense  with  the  necessity  of  dry  docks^— 
for,  buikl  as  many  ships  as  you  ple:;se,  unless  yoti 
possess  the  means  of  repairhig  their  defects,  they 
will  soon  decay,  and  one  half  of  the  time  be  of  no 
sei-vice  v/hatever. 

Many  persons  are  frightened  at  the  idea  of  esta- 
bUsldng  dry  docks  in  this  country,  and  since  the  in- 
troduction of  the  gun-boat  .system  (which  has  hap-  • 
pily  had  its  day)  a  man  dare  scarce  open  hr;  mouth 
upon  the  subject  without  being  thought  mad.  Whe-  - 
tlicr  this  originates  from  a  rooted  prejudice  against 
(by  docks,  o;  from  a  mistaken  idea  of  the  magnitude 
of  ti-.e  oiiject,  it  is  not  inv  business  at  present  to  en- 
quire ;  I  will  only  say  that  I  believe  it  to  be  owing^ 
to  both.  Rut,  let  me  assure  you,  my  dear  sir,  that^ 
dry  docks  .\re  very  simple  and  (;heap  contrivances. 
They  have  them  in  Er.gland  for  their  ships  of  war  as 
Weil  as  f  )r  their  merchant  ships-^we  have  one  at 
I'oston  for  mercliant  ships,  and  another  at  New- 
York,  constnided  by  the  late  Mr.  Fulton,  for  the 
rcp.'.ir  of  liis  steam-boats.  To  construct  a  dry  dock, 
it  is  only  necessary  that  a  place  should  be  dug  out 
lu-ning  nearly  the  shape  of  a  ship's  bottom,  and  of 
a  suificient  depth  to  Hoat  a  vessel  at  high  water. 
This  hoUow  place  is  then  lined  with  logs  or  hewa 
stone,  liiid  intheform  of  steps  from  tlie  bottom  up- 
wards/ and  giites  are  fixed  at  tne  entrance  where 
the  water  flows  in,  in  a  similar  manner  as' gates  are 
fixed  to  locks.  And  this  completes  the  dry  dock. 
When  the  tide  is  up,  tlie  ship  is  floated  into  this 
dock  and  the  gates  lefi  open.  When  the  tide  falls, 
the  ship  is  supported  in  an  upright  posiiion  by  means 
of  props  placed  against  the  sides  of  the  dock  ;  at 
low  water  t!ie  gates  are  shut,  and  the  water  remain- 
ing in  the  dock  is  pumped  out  with  common  hand- 
p'lmps,  or  with  a  s'eam-engine.  All  tins  with  pro- 
per apparatus  may  be  drone  in  a  few  minutes,  and 
the  ship  remain  perfectly  diy  within  the  dock  as 
long  as  mav  be  necessary  to  make  her  repairs.  She 
is  in  this  situation  as  free  fiom  any  pressure  or 
straining  as  a  ship  on  the  stf;cks,  and"  far  more  con- 
venient for  the  workmen  enijiloyed  at  her  bottom. 
In  places  w'nere  there  is  a  suHicicnt  fall  of  tide  to 
drain  the  dock  after  the  ship  is  taken  in,  nothing 
more  is  necessary  than  to  close  the  gates  to  prevent 
tiie  water  f  om  returning  at  the  rising  of  the  tide  ; 
and  where  there  is  not  a  sufiicient  fall  of  the  tide,, 
nor  the  convenience  of  a  steam  engine  but  a  stream 
of  water,  this  by  being  led  into  double  docks,  one 
higher  than  the"  other,  will  rci.ie  the  ship  into  the 
highest  dock,  in  the  same  way  as  boats  are  raised 
(>\ex  rapids  from  one  lock  to  another.  When  her  re- 
pairs are  finished  she  may  be  taken  out  of  the  dock 
in  the  same  manner,  for,  by  letting  in  the  water 
again  until  she  floats,  see  may  be  hauled  out  with  the 
gieatest  ease  and  without  any  danger  or  disadvan- 
tage. The  only  preparation  necessary  to  ^be  made 
previous  to  docking  her,  is  the  landing  of  her  guns. 


:uid  even  tliis   io  not  always  necessary 


la  Eng- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  ETENT5. 


159 


]nm\  it  is  not  urcommon  to  take  a  ship  into  dockj 
merely  ff>r  tlie  pu'.-posc  of  scribbinir-  and  examining' | 
lier  bottom,  but  niili  us  so  tripling' an  operation  can-] 
not  be  performed  without  that  laborious  and  ex-i 
tremely  injurious  process  before  described,  to  wit, | 
careening".  1 

With  regard  to  tlie  cost  of  erecting  a  dry  duck,] 
when  compared  with  the  expence  and  injury  iii-j 
curred  by  a  ship  in  heaving  do~jm,  it  dwindles  into  a  I 
merecvpher.  A  single  dry  dock  at  this  time  would  i 
he  fully  adequate  to  the  accommodation  of  our  navy,  | 
and  tiiatdock,  constructed  of  the  best  materials  and 
in  t!ie  best  manner,  woviid  not  cost  more  than 
S5J,gor  33.*  It  would  last  for  ages,  and  greuvly 
reduce  the  expence  of  repairing  our  ships;  for  noj 
frigate  can  be  hove  do\;m  under  an  expence  of  iessj 
than  5 J  3,000.  And  if  to  this  we  add  another  item  of! 
g  15,000  tor  a  loss  of  time  in  a  season  of  warf  ire  audi 
fo;'  injuries  sustained  by  tlie  vessel  in  heax'ing'  (hrjn, 
we  shail  Mud  that  the  sum  req-iired  for  careening- 
our  frigates  wotdd  in  two  years  amount  to  more 
than  su^hcient  to  build  a  dry  dock,  capable  of  ac- 
commodating our  navy  wei-e  it  even  double  the  size 
it  is  at  pi-esent. 

Tliesc  facts  I  could  easily  prove  to  you  by  calcu- 
latioH.  But  as  I  can  have  no  motive  in  deceiving  you, 
i  presume  tliis  will  he  unnecessary.  To  shew,  how- 
ever, that  my  assertions  upon  this  point  should  not 
excite  any  surprise,  I  will  observe  that,  besides  the 
wages  of  arriticers  and  vard  men  eniidoyed  in  ca- 
reening a  frigate,  I  take  into  my  estimation  the  pay 
«nd  rations  of  her  ofhcers  and  crew  for  six  months, 
as  it  has  not  been  usual  for  oui-  ships  to  cai-een  in  a 
less  time.    I  am  your  oh't. 


Oi\  ntaUers  belonging  to  the  late  vmr. 

CALUMNY  OFFICIALLY  REFUTED. 

V,'e  #ook  occasion  a  short  time  since,  to  introduce 
*x>  the  notice  of  our  readers  a  production,  which  we 
believe  to  be  unprecedented  in  anv  age  or  country. 
We  allude  to  the  "Summary  of  Events,"  attached 
to  the  edition  of  Cwddsmith's  history  of  Eagland, 
lately  published  in  this  town.  The  author  is  a  man 
who  Occupies  a  distinguished  station  in  civil  life. 
He  is  a  ckrgijman—z.  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society— and  one  of  the  professors  of  Har- 
vard  Uy.ivershii !      Trutii  also   obliges  us  to  add, 


*Estimateofcost  of  erecting  a  dry  dock,  supposed 
lote  at  bottom  170  feet  long,'bv  30  feet  wide  and  20 
feet  deep  —By  I.  Humphreys,  of  Piiiiadelphia. 
The  foundation  will  require  16,000  cubic 

-  r,  ^'^*^^  ^''-^^  ''^  ^^ •  '^'^-  P^"  ^°'*'- 1»'^         ^3,000  00 

iUjOOO  feet  heven  stone  at  3s  per  foot  4,200  00 

1^0.  Lning  at  6./.  per  foot  420  OJ 

15,000  lb.  iron  to  secure  the  stones  at  8J      560  00 

16,000  lb.  lead  do.  do.  at  6,/.  400  00 

3,000  perch  stones  for  fdling  in  at  Us.      4,500  Oo 

6,000  bushels  lane  at  2^.  Zd.  607  10 

■3,000  perch  mas-on  we»rk  at  5s.  750  oo 

8,148  square  yards  dirt  to  remove  at  3s.  9f/.  1,527  15 

Ciate  iiic.  including  iron  work  750  Ou 

/  Incidental  expeuccs  3,500  UO 


§33,907  33— equal  to  ^20,215  05 


^"^— "T'l'S  estimate  was  made  several  years 
ago;  but  allowing  ten  per  cent,  for  the  increase  of 
tUe  price  of  materials  and  wages,  the  expence  of 
erecmg  a  dry  dock  at  tuis  time  would  iiot  be  so 
g-reut  as  by  many  may  be  supposed. 


however  revolting  to  o'lr  feelings  as  Americans,  that 
he  WAS  born  ia  the  Uni.ed  States  !  The  production 
to  which  we  allude  i.s  distinguished  by  a  coM-blood- 
ed  apathy  towards  every  thing  American — by  thC' 
most  abject  devotion  to  England — and  by  a  tissue 
■)f  misrepresentation.s,  calculated  to  degrade,  inths 
eyes  of  the  world  and  of  posterity,  t!ie  nam.e  and 
Ciiaracter  of  the  .\merican  nation.  One  of  these 
glaring  misrepresentations  we  are  this  day  enabled 
otricialiy  to  expose.  It  is  that  wherein  he  represents 
the  conduct  of  tlie  Anici-ican  army  at  the  c  ipture  of 
York,  in  Cpper  C:in;.d a,  in  so  false  and  b;u-barous  a 
light.  It  will  be  sern  by  the  statement  of  that  dis- 
tinguished officer,  general  Ripley — by  the  evidence 
of  colonel  Connor  and  m  -jor  Graf  on — and  tlie  letter 
of  the  British  judge  Scott,  that  so  far  from  sacking, 
plundering,  and  wa;itonly  destroying  the  city  uf 
York,  g-enerai  Dearborn  irev.ted  it  in  such  a  hurnane 
and  liberal  manner,  as  reflects  the  higliest  iuslre  on 
his  ciiaracter,  and  the  arms  of  the  United  States. 
Furtlier  comment,  at  tiiis  time,  we  cbeem  superflu- 
ous. The  f.icts  speak  loudly  for  themselves.  A  sim- 
ple perusal  of  tlie  documents  is  all  that  is  requisite 
to  prove  the  turpitude  of  tiie  procedure. 

[  Boston  Patriot. 

FACTS  RELATIVE  TO  THE  CAPTURE  OF  YORK,  UPPER 
CAX  VP  i. 

In  a  work  lately  published  in  tliis  town,  bearing 
the  title  o£  "Go'fdimihVs  lILstonj  cf  England,  with 
Ifoo'Ts  Coniiimntion,  and  a  Surrnna  11  of  Events  by  a 
•Member  'f  the  AtaisachuHetts  ILsloric.d  Socte'.y"  I 
noticed  the  following  paragraph  : 

"Little  York,  the  capital  of  Upper  Canada,  was 
taken,  sacked,  and  the  public  buildings  wantonly 
destroyed  lii  the  former  part  of  tlie  canipaig-n,  by- 
troops  under, general  JJearborn;  but  the  Americans 
were  soon  forced  to  ab.uidon  it,  Vi^itli  considerable 
lo^i." 

In  justice  to  myself,  the  troops  wiiich  I  had  the 
honor  to  command,  and  my  countr}-,  I  lay  before  tha 
public  the  foUowing  statements. 

H.  DEARBORN, 
Late  a  major-general  in  the  U.  .S'.  armv. 

At  the  capture  of  York,  tlie  capital  of  Upper 
Canada,  on  the  27th  April,  1813,  the  force  of  the 
enemy,  under  the  immediate  command  of  major- 
general  Sheaff,  i'.aving  been  repulsed  and  dispersed 
from  the  position  they  had  taken  on  the  bank  of  the 
lake,  where  they  had  t''urmed  to  oppose  the  landing' 
of  the  American  troops,  retreated  to  the  principai 
works,  where  they  remained  only  a  sulHcient  tima 
for  placing  slow  malclies  to  the  magazines,  and 
then  continued  tiieir  retreat  to  the  town.  WJien  the 
Ameiicaji  column,  led  on  by  tjie  gallant  general 
rilie,  ha-i  advanced  witliin  a  short  distance  of  the 
works,  a  tremendous  explosion  of  a  larg^e  powder 
m?,gazine  killed  and  wounded  more  tlian  a  liundred 
of  our  brave  men,  and  infUcied  a  mortal  wound  oa 
tlie  much-to-be-lamented  general  Pike;  tlie  cohmtii 
notwiliist-jiding  advanced,  took  possession  of  the 
works,  and  coiuinued  liie  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to 
the  towii,  when  a  capitulation  was  offered  and, 
agreed  to;  by  which  such  regular  troops  and  militia 
as.  were  then  in  the  town,  were  to  be  consiilereil  aa 
prisoners  of  war,  and  all  public  property  10  be  sur- 
rendered to  the  American  ftjices.  In  tiie  mean  time, 
general  Sheait',  wiih  about  an  hundred  regular 
troops,  mnde  his  escape,  atter  directing  the  frigato 
on  the  stocks  and  a  large  store  containing  rig-g-ing 
and  naval  stores,  to  be  set  on  fire,  which  acts  were 
effected  afier  terms  of  capitulation  had  been  offer- 
ed by  liim. 

Afrer  tiie  enemy  had  surrendered  and  laid  dowrr 
their  arms,  a  strong  guard  was  posted  in  the  town 
under  tho  direction  ofcoion*;!,  iK)\y  major  g.eflwal. 


X50    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBERS,  181i5^. 


Ripley,  foi*  tlie  pi'otection  of  tlie  inhabuantsi,  with 
StHci  orders  to  prevent  any  plundering  or  other 
improper  conduct.  Only  two  or  three  instances  oc- 
cMrrt'dof  any  couipLiints  from  the  inliabitiuits,  and 
those  were  from  families  which  resided  some  dis- 
tance from  town.  They  were  directed  to  send  in  a 
Sjcliedule  of  the  articles  t;iken,  and  their  value, 
wMch  was  immediately  refunded  to  them.  An  old 
schooner,  said  to  be  private  property,  which  was 
agrouud,  part  filled  with  water,  and  without  sails, 
Was  apprai.sed  at  t-melve  hundred  dollars  and  burnt. — 
T))c  owner  being-  out  of  town,  the  twelve  hundred 
dollars  were  paid  to  judge  Scott.  No  otlier  private 
property  was  destroyed  or  taken  away,  excepting 
Micii  as  l)elongcd  to  general  Shcafl',  andthe  ofticers 
wiio  went  ofi'  with  him.  Two  military  block-houses 
were  burnt  by  orders,  and  also  two  sheds  attached 
to  the  navy  yard.  It  iias  appeared  from  recent  in- 
formation, that  although  the  large  building  called 
the  province  I.ouse,  was  not  burnt  as  heretofore 
stated,  a  small  one-storj  building  called  the  parlia- 
tnent  house  (in  which  a  hiunan  scalp  was  found  with 
the  mace  suspended  near  the  speaker's  chair, hi:;'dv 
decoi-ated,)  was  set  on  fire  by  some  person  tmknown, 
but  from  the  statements  of  colonel  Conner  and  ma- 
jor Grafton,  the  inference  is,  that  some  exasperated 
suhjeeis  of  Canada  set  fire  to  it  after  the  troops  of 
the  United  States  were  withdrawn  from  the  town. 
Notrojps  of  the  enemy  appeared  in  arms  afier  tlie 
capitulation,  either  vv'hile  the  American  troops  were 
on  shore,  nor  diu'ing  the  four  or  five  days  our  fleet 
remaiucl  in  the  harbor ;  therefore,  the  American 
ti'oops    Vi'ere  not  forced  to  abandon  the  f.-iace  wilJi 


coiiint'.evaOie 


lo  IS. 


The  judicious  and  imremitting  exertions  of  com- 
modore  Chauncey,  and  the  brave  officers  and  sea- 
men of  his  squadron,  in  tlie  "prepai'ation  and  execu- 
tion of  tiiis  eiitei-prize  on  Yoi-k,  and  especially  co- 
vcrhig  the  landing  of  oiu*  troops,  in  destroying  the 
enemy's  batteries,  and  in  removing  and  securing  the 
public  property  captured,  desen-ed  the  highest  ap- 
plause. 

GENEIJAL  RIPLEY'S  STATEMENT. 

IlEAii-HCAnTEng,  BosToy,  Aug.  15,  1S15. 

Srn — I  take  the  liberty  to  state  the  occurrences- 
at  York,  after  the  captiu-e  of  that  place  by  the  Ame- 
rican forces  on  the  2?'th  of  April,  1813.  You  will 
then  be  able  to  determine  how  much  truth  there  is 
in  the  work  entitled,  the  "contimtation  of  Goldswith'y 
Iiintury  of  England,'"  so  fin-  as  relates  to  the  follow- 
hig  article. 

Previous  to  the  place  being  carried,  an  order  had 
been  issued  by  the  ever-to-be-lamenled  and  gallant 
general  Pike,  prohibiting  every  species  of  plunder-- 
ing  or  depredation  imder  the  penalty  of  deatli.  After 
the  capitulation,  a  guard  was  posted  in  tl:eto\ni  by 
direction  of  major-general  Dearborn,  to  carry  this 
order  into  the  strictest  effect.  As  field  officer  on 
duty  during  the  first  night,  I  had  occasion  repeat- 
edly to  visit  the  guard,  and  I  always  discovered  it 
extremely  vigilant  and  attentive.  The  next  morn- 
ing, at  about  seven  or  eight  o'clock,  I  had  occasion 
to  visit  the  town.  I  met  a  straggler  of  the  volun- 
teers with  his  knapsack  full  of  valuable  plate.  I  as- 
certained it  to  belong  to  a  lady  ;  a  daug-hter  of  the 
honorable  judge  Powell ;  it  was  immediately  re- 
turned to  her.     1  reported  the  circumstance  to  gen. 


To  shew  what  the  inhabitants  of  York  thought  of  Dearborn,  who  ordered  this  man  confined,  and  di 

rected  me  to  order  up  all  the  2lst  regiment,  under 
command  of  major  Graf  on,  to  the  town  for  the 
pui-pose  of  protecting  the  inhabitants.  The  officei*s 
were  quartered  in  houses  in  town,  and  the  system 
established,  was  for  sentuiels  to  be  stationed  to 
prevent  depredations  wherever  it  was  requested. 

If  this  regiment  did  its  duty,  it  will  be  at  once 
perceived  tliat  there  could  be  no  plundering  :  and 
that  it  did  perform  its  duty  will  appear  from  several 
circmnstances.  That  the  knapsack  of  every  man 
was  searched  previous  to  embarking,  and  not  an  ar- 
ticle of  plundered  properly  was  foimd.  That  the 
inhabitant.'?  of  York  were  particularly  pleased  with 


their  treatment,  the  following  copy  of  a  letter  from 
cliief  justice  Scott  L^  annexed.  He  resided  in  York, 
and  wroie  the  letter  init  a  few  hour.;  previous  to  the 
re-emb;u'kalion  of  the  troops. 

YiMuc,  April  30,  1813. 

SiK — I  ha:4ten  to  acknowledge  tlie  favor  of  yoiu- 
letter,  enclosing  an  extract  frorii  the  general  orders 
of  this  day,  by  major-gener.d  Dearborn,  command- 
ing the  forces  of  the  United  Slates,  signifving  that 
it  IS  not  hisinterition  that  the  occupap.cy  of  the  town 
and  garrison  of  York,  should  have  any  undue  clfect 
on  the  nccc.;sary  functions  of  the  civil  magistrates, 
hut  duit  it  is  his  wish  to  s\ipportthe  civil  authoriiy 
when  properly  exercised,  and  that  any  representa- 
tions of  Jie  civil  magistrates  of  imj^rupcr  or  irregu- 
lar coudv.ct  on  the  p.vrt  of  the  soldiers,  will  be  met 
by  iuiiuedlute  :uid  strict  severity. 

Qi\  the  part  of  the  magistraies  of  Vork,  I  gratc- 
fidiv  acknowledge  the  humane  attention  whicli  has 
been  paid  b}'  his.  excellency  to  the  present  situation 
of  its  jnhabi-ants,  by  pursuing  a  line  of  conduct  so 
cciuducive  to  the  protection  of  a  number  of  indivi-' 
duals,  and  so  honorable  to  himself 

1  am,  sir,  wiUi  coasider-ition,  your  obedient  hum- 
ble servant, 

TMOS.  SCOTT,  Chuf  Justice. 
!\I.:jor  Pi:r:Lvr.r,  E..q. 

Jiep'ij  .Lift  General  U.  S.  Army. 

It  may  be  proper  to  observe,  that  on  taking  pos- 
session of  Yorl:,  with  the  public  pri>pertv,  manv 
poor  womcri  and  children  ;  famUies  of  soldiers,  and 
otlicrs  whoJiad  been  killed,  taken,  or  fied  \\ith  ge- 
nertd  Slieaff,  were  found  dfcsiituteof  the  necessaries 
of  life,  particularly  bread,  and  from  twenty-five  to 
lliii-ty^b.a-rels  of  tiour,  and  a  quantity  of  peas  and 
pork,  were  by  general  Dearborn's  orders  distributed 
to  tiiose  familiLS,  and  an  additional  quantity  of  twen- 
ty baj-rels  was  delivered  to  a  llumane  Societiy  ©f  the 
i(?ivii,  ta  be  distributed  anions-  the  poor. 


their  deportment  in  the  city,  and  on  every  occasion- 
testified  their  gratitude  for  their  protection  ;  and 
that  when  captain  Pelliam  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner  at  Chrystler  Field,  no  sooner  was  it  known 
that  lie  was  on  duty  in  the  regiment  vhich  protect- 
ed tlie  property  of  the  inhabitants  of  York,  than  at 
the  intercession  of  many  higlil}'  respecUahle  officers 
of  the  British  army,  iie  was  paroled  by  sir  George" 
Prevost  on  that  very  account  expressed  in  his  letter, 
notwitlist:mding  other  officers  at  the  same  time  were 
imprisoned  under  the  question  of  retaliation  agitated 
between  the  governments  of  the  two  nations  ;  an 
instance  of  ilberaliiy  which  sliews  that  acts  of  cour- 
tesy and  Ivindness  were  properly  appreciated  by  that 
oiHcer. 

Previous  to  tiie  21st  regiment  being  ordered  to 
the  city  of  York,  two  buildings  that  had  been  eva- 
cuated and  stood  detached,  had  been  stripped  of 
many  valuable  articles  by  the  stragglers.  A  schoo- 
ner (private  property)  was  also  destroyed.  When 
tJicse  fiicts  vicre  made  known  to  major-general  Dear- 
born, lie  instantly  ordered  the  claims  for  damage 
to  be  liquidated  and  pa}ine;it  to  be  made.  It  was 
done.  In  the  case  of  the  property  taken  from  the 
buildings,  it  was  made  to  the  proprietors  personally. 
Jn  rirat'of  tiic  sch(}#iier,  «s  the  owner  'wa.'j  absent 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  EVENTS. 


161 


£bain  town,  mnjor-general  Dearbom  sent  the  money 
■to  jud,e:e  Scott,  who  receipted  for  it. 

When  the  place  was  captured,  large  stores  of 
iloui-,  beef ;  ;id  peas  were  found  in  depot.  Agreea- 
bly to  the  articles  of  capitulation,  these  were  deli- 
vered to  us.  Major-general  Dearborn  dii-ected  a 
large  proportion  of  them  to  be  delivered  to  the 
needy  in  Uie  city,  and  particularly  to  the  widow.s 
nnd  families  of  the  British  and  Canadian  soldiers 
who  had  been  killed  in  the  action.  In  addition  to 
lliis,  consideri,ble  quantities  were  deposited  with 
the  clergyman  of  the  place  to  be  distributed  in  a 
similar  manner. 

During  our  stay  at  York,  the  citizens  of  the  place 
seemed  to  be  more  alarmed  by  some  inhabitants  of 
the  countiy,  than  in  relation  to  the  American  forces. 
They  frequently  expressed  theu-  apprehensions  in 
istrong  terms,  and  they  had  reason  so  to  do.  I  recol- 
lect very  well  a  man  who  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  tlie 
town,  who  came  to  me  one  day,  and  observed,  he 
intended  to  burn  the  gaol.  I  remarked  to  him,  if  he 
did  I  should  hang  him,  and  detached  constantly  a 
centinel  to  guard  it. 

I  have  seen  many  British  officers  who  have  alwaj's 
complimented  our  forces  for  their  liberality  of  con- 
duct, on  this  occasion  manifested  at  York.  Some 
have  informed  me,  that  the  inliabitants  jiad  applaud- 
ed it  in  such  forcible  terms,  that  tlicy  had  even  been 
accused  of  disloyalty  by  the  British  army. 

As  it  respects  the  manner  in  whicli  York  was  stat- 
ed to  be  evacuated,  in  the  work  I  have  alluded  to, 
it  is  perfectly  incorrect. 

Tlie  obj'^ct  of  striking  York,  ai  the  opening  of  the 
campaign,  was  solely  to  destroy  the  frigate  building 
there ;  and  the  military  and  naval  depot.  The  first 
objected  was  effected  in  order  to  ensure  our  control 
en  lake  Ontario  during  the  summer  of  1813.  The 
second,  with  a  view  to  destroy  the  military  depot, 
from  whence  the  right  and  central  division  of  the 
urmy,  under  generals  Pro.ctor  and  Vincent,  drew 
theii'  supplies  ;  and  the  naval  depot  to  paralize  the 
ffforts  of  the  British  in  building  ships  on  lake  Erie 
It  was  settled  before  the  army  left  Sacketl's  Harl)or, 


day  by  the  citizens,  and  pavmentmade  in  specie  by 
our  men,  for  any  article  they  had  occasion  n)r. — 
Some  petty  depredations  were  practiced,  prir.cipully 
by  the  light  troops,  who  patroled  tlie  skirts  of  tile 
town  ;  but,  on  detec\ioii,  they  "were  piuiisiied,  and 
the  citizens  were  invited  to  carry  complaints  of  any 
abuses  directly  to  hcad-qiKirters.Tlie  letter  of  judge 
Scott  to  miijor  Pinkney,  the  acting adjutunt-gencral, 
will  shew  in  what  manner  these  attentions  were  ap- 
preciated. 

No  ]3ub!ic  or  private  buldings,  except  such  as  add- 
ed to  the  defence  of  the  place,  were  destroyed,  to 
my  knowledge. 

It  would  appear,  from  the  report  of  col.  JNIonroe, 
that  informatLjn  had  reached  him,  that  the  parlia- 
ment house,  a  one-storj'  brick  building  wilh  wings, 
was  burnt  dov.ni.  If  tliis  was  a  f  :ct,  it  musthr.ve  been 
done  after  the  rear  guard  had  been  withdrawn  from 
the  town,  by  some  solitary  individual,  (perhaps  by  a 
citizen,  for  some  of  them  wlio  left  York  with  the  ar» 
my,  were  exceedingly  exasperated  ag'ainst  the  ma. 
gistracy)  unbeknown  to  the  commanding  officers  of 
the  array  or  navy;  as  I  was  witness  to  tlie  anxious 
and  strenuous  endeavors  of  those  officers  to  prevent 
any  cause  of  complaint  whatever.  It  was  the  wish 
of  the  commander  in  cliief,  that  the  conduct  of  our 
troops  at  York  might  afford  as  great  a  contrast  to 
the  then  recent  behavior  of  the  enemy  at  Ogdcna- 
burg  as  possible,  and  you  will  believe  his  wishes 
were  realized,  when  you  are  informed,  that  lieut. 
Pelham,  of  the  21st,  (which  fonaed  the  guard  of 
the  town)  who  was  captuied  the  next  November,  on 
tlie  St,  Lawrence,  was  paroled  on  the  spcci?.!  coit- 
sideration  of  the  humanity  and  polite  attention  ex- 
perienced from  his  regiment  at  York. 

Tliere  was  no  apprehension  of  the  enemy's  beings 
in  sufficient  force  to  attack  us  at  tlie  time  of  em- 
barkation. 

I  am,  dear  sir,  with  great  respect,  vour  very  obe- 
dient servant,  SAM'LS".  CONNER. 
JMajor-genrral  Hc^nvy  Dearborn. 

Note — Colonel  S.  S.  Conner  was  ald-de-camp  to 
major-general  Dearborn   at  that   time,  but  having 


that  these  objects  accomplished,  the  division  would  volunteered  his  services,  landed  witli  the  troops. 


sail  for  Niagara  and  operate  against  Twrt  CJeprge. 
Afier  the  reduction  of  tiiat  post,  the  army  was  to 
ironcentratc,  by  means  cf  the  fleet,  on  Lake  Ontario, 
iind  reduce  Kingston. 

I   will  add,  that  when  we  abandoned  York,  no 
I^ritish  forces  were,  to  my  knowledge,  nearer  than 
Fprt  Geoi'ge   on  one  side,    and  Kingston  on  "the 
other. 
^    I  am,  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

E.  W.  PJPLEY, 
J\fajor-genercil,  U.  S.  armi'. 
^lajor-q-eneral  Henri)  Dearborn. 

COLONEL  CONNER'S  STATEMENT. 

ALBAST,Sept.  18,  1815. 

Deah  sm — The  conduct  of  the  American  troops 
at  York,  and  that  of  the  commander  in  chief,  was 
marked  by  such  humanity  and  attention  to  the  wants 
and  interests  of  the  citizens  that  I  should  have  sup- 
posed no  "American  gentleman,"  in  an  imposing 
historical  form,  would  have  hazarded  assertions  so 
directly  to  the  contrary. 

The  explosion  of  the  mine,  which  killed  the  gal- 
lant Pike,  and  killed  and  wounded  more  than  one 
hundred  men  in  our  columns,  did  not  add  to  the 
defence  of  the  place,  and  perhaps  the  army  would 
have  been  justified  in  subjecting  York  to  all  the  se- 
TeriUes  of  a  town  carried  by  assault.  But  far  dif 
ferent  was  its  treatment ;  the  persons  and  property 
of  the  inhabitants  were  protected  ;  large  store 
hpitses  of  valuable  g^opds  were  thro'wn  open  next 


and  was  in  the  advancing- column  at  the  time  of  the 
explosion.  Colonel  Conner  negociated  the  capitu- 
lation on  the  part  of  the  United  States. 

MAJOU  GIlAFrON'S  STATEMENT. 

I  certify,  that  after  the  capture  of  York,  the  ca- 
pital of  Upper  Canada,  "licut.  Pelham,  with  myself^ 
were  ordered  into  the  city  by  m.jor-gcneral  beaj> 
born  to  protect  the  inhabitants  ;  and  the  tiien  acting 
adjutimt-general,  major  Pinkney,  stated  to  me,  that 
we  should  have  as  m:u)y  soldiers  as  were  requisite 
for  that  purpose.  We  made  knotVn  our  orders  to 
the  inhabitants  ;  tliey  appeared  gratified  with  the 
arrangements  which  were  made  for  their  scciu-ity, 
as  some  of  them  observed  they  had  much  to  fear 
from  their  own  disaflccted.  I  kept  patroles  out 
during  the  night,  and  safeguards  were  furnished  to 
all  those  who  requested  them.  One  gentleman,  \ 
think  his  name  was  Cameron,  who  applied  for  safe- 
guards, gave  as  a  reason,  that  two  or  three  of  these 
disafiiVcted,  "some  of  our  own  rascals,"  as  he  called 
them,  had  threatened  to  burn  his  liouse  This  re- 
quest as  the  others  was  promptly  complied  with. 

The  third  day  after  oar  landing-,  I  saw  a  ct)lumn 
of  smoke  arising  at  the  distance  of  2uO  or  o^Xi  paces. 
1  immediately  rode  towards  it,  and  saw  tlie  flames 


*Xow  capt.  Pelham — This  gentleman  was  woiuid- 
ed  and  taken  prisoner  at  Chrystlej-'s  Fields,  and  was 
paroled  in  consequence  of  his  attention  la  the  giti« 
iiens  of  York. 


HS2     NILESMVEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  4,  1815. 


burs'  ir.g-  from  the  windows  of  a  s-mall  oiie-story  bijck 
biiildint^.  I  cnquii-ed  of  tiie  citizens  who  had  coi 
lected/:uid  wtre  quietly  looking  on,  how  tlie  fin 
liad  orig-ir,utcd,  i.rid  what  biiildiiig' that  was  ?  They 
said  it  Wius  called  llie  pyrlianient  house,  but  could 
not  say  liow  it  had  occured.  At  this  dme  there  was 
not  iu  sicht  an  American  soldier. 

JOSEPH  GRAPTOX. 

(Ij^I  believe  that  the  whole  burba.-inm.t  about 
York  belonged  to  tlie  enemi;  in  Bo-^iov. 

We  have  a  long  time  designed  lo  notice  the  *'con- 
thmcitioii"  aliudccl  to,  and  shall  do  it  some  day.  It 
is  certainly  tlie  most  perfectly  villainous  production 
I  have  ever  seen,  and  ouglit  to  be  recorded  as  a 
sample  of  the  progress  of  society  in  falsehood  and 
misrepresentation,  in  the  age  we  live  in. — Reg. 

The  following  is  the  opinion  of  tlie  court  of  en- 
quiry, ordered  lo  be  convened  by  tlie  secretary  of 
the  nav'-,  to  examine  into  the  causes  of  the  capture 
of  tlie  United  State,,'  scho»n:.:rs  Ohio  and  Somers,  on 
Lake  Eric,  under  the  command  of  lieutenant  Au- 
gustus K.  M.  Conlding: 

The  court,  not  being  able  to  procure  any  witness 
that  was  on  deck  when  the  boats  were  first  disco- 
vered, cannot  enter  so  miautely  into  t!;e  circumstan- 
ces atte.uUng  the  caplure  of  the  Sonwrs  as  they 
could  wish;  it  appears,  however,  from  t!ie  testimo- 
ny produced,  that  she  was  l)ourded  very  soon  af.er 
the  ho„-.s  liad  been  hkiled,  und  carried  without  much 
resistance,  having-  but  part  of  her  crew  on  d.-ck. 

Tlie  Ohio,  conimanded  by  lieut.  Cgnkling  in  per- 
son, it  appears,  was  well  dei^-uded,  imd  uot  surren- 
dered lill  overpovv-cred  by  verv  superior  numbers. 
THOMAS  i?TlOWX,  Pres'dt. 

S-V.UL.  D.  Heap,  judge  advocate. 

J\'erv-Yorh,  Oct  31.  Arrived,  U.  S.  sloop  of  war 
Peacock,  captiun  V/arring'on,  from  a  cruise,  with  a 
quantity  of  opium,  and  a  fev/  thousand  dollars  in 
I'ough  gold,  ca|i'ured  in  the  Union,  a  rich  country 
ship.  Previous  to  hearing  of  tiie  peace,  captiu-ed 
four  Indi. men,  tn-o  of  which  were  sunk,  one  given 
up  fi>r  the  iranspoitation  ori)risoiiers,  arid  the  OLhcj-, 
a  cti'iicr  belonging  to  the  East  Indii  company,  was 
restored  in  consequence  of  rurnishir.g  tlie  news  of 
peace.  Tlie  Peacock  torched  at  Bourbon  and  .%. 
,^c,feHffl,  for  refreshments,  and /<;/';  t.'ie  latt"r  phice  tJ:e 
^Qth  Ultimo. — The  Peacock  liad  been  out  from  this 
port  y  months  and  6  day.s — was  at  sea  5  months  ai 
one  'iviie,  .^i id  has  lost  only  one  man,  by  tlie  name 
of  Joimsou,  who  a  fcvy  days  §ince  fell  from  the  fore- 
top-gallant-yard. 


Books — J  efiVi'son's  Library. 

Tn  looking  over  a  "general  catalogue  of  valuable 
and  rare  oid  books"  issued  last  year  by  Longman, 
Hurt,  Rees,  Orme,  and  Brown,  Pater  Noster  How. 
Loudon,  ^ve  are  struck  with  the  high  prices  of  juost 
of  the  works  therein  menti(med. — The  obliging  and 
liber.d  manner  hi  which  .Mr.  Jefferson  allowed 
us  the  fiee  use  of  his  librar}',  so  long  as  we  re- 
sided in  the  neighborhood  of  Monticclio,  had  ena- 
bli'd  us  to  form  some  idea  of  tlie  considerable 
value  of  that  gentleman's  collection  of  books, 
most  of  t'lcm  rare  and  elegantly  printed. — We  were 
therefore  convinced  that  congress  had  acquired  tliat 
collection  on  terms  unusually  advantageous  Yet, 
our  ideas  on  that  subject,  fell  far  short  of  tiie  truth, 
as  we  now  discover  by  a  comparison  of  the  London 
.prices,  with  die  sums  paid  by  congress,  for  the  fol- 
lowing woriij. — We  sliould  w'ish  to  extend  tliat  com- 
pai'json  to  a  greater  number  of  books.     But  inde- 


pendently of  the  sul;joined  statement  being  suffi- 
cient so  remove  all  erroneous  impressions,  we  have* 
at  present  neil  Iier  time,  nor  room,  for  a  fiu-ther  de- 
velopement  of  this  interesting  subject — ^Ve  cannot, 
however,  forbear  again  congratulating  tlie  country 
tipon  so  valualile  an  acquisition,  on  terms  so  obvious-. 
ly  advantageous  a.nd  liberal. 

Comparative  prices. 

Catesby's  Nat.  Hist.  2  vol.  fol. 
London  price — st,  monc) — =626.  Us.  Od.       §11.5  44 
Price  paid  by  congress,  23  00 

Suidas — 3    vol.   fol. 
Lond.  p.    ^21.   Os.  Od.  ^93  24 

P.  by  Cong.  '  30  00 

Dugdale's  Monasticon,  3  vol.  fol. 
Lond.  p.  £42.  Os.  Od.  §186  4a 

P,  by  Cong-.  30  Ou 

Hakluvt's  vovages,  3  vol.  fcl. 
Lond.  p.  ^31.  10s"  Od.    '  '        <5l39  8;i 


P  bv  Cone:. 


30  00 


Rapin,  with  Tindal's  continuation,  7  vol.  fd. 
Lond.  p.  ^'150.  00s.  §656  00 

P.  by  Cong.  '     TO  OtJ 

iMiltou's  works,  3  vol.  fol. 
Lond.  p.  ^18.  18s.  Od.  <§S4  00 

P.  by  Cong.  §30  OJ 

Johnson's  Dictionary,  2  vol.  fol. 
Lond.  p.  <f  8  8s.   Od.  §37  8.0 

P.  b}-  Cong.  ■   12  00 

Polybius,  Gr.  Lat.  3  vol.  8vo. 
Lond.   p.   £i.  4s.  -Od.  glS  64 

P.  by  Cong.  9  OO 

Uionvsius  Halicai-n.  Reiskii,  6  vol.  8vo. 
Lond.  p.  £5  10s.  Os.  ^24  42 

P.   by.  Cong.  18  00 

Clarendon's  history.  6  vol.  8vo. 
Lon.  p.  £5  5s.  Od-  S-3  00 

P.   by  Cong.  18  31 

So  tJiat  in  London,  the  cost  of  the  a'nove  works 
wQuld  be,  in  toto,  =£349.  10s.  Od.  (sterl)  or  S1552  09 
Whereas  congress  paid  for  tlie  same  ?  cin-,  r^n 


works  only 


297  oe 


S1255  09 


Making  a  difference  of 

in  faVor  of  congress,  on  S7  vols. 

[  Richmond  Compiler. 


Pittsfiekl  Cattle  ^}lO\v  and  Fair. 

Pi-ts-iidd,  fMs.J   Gcioher  12. 

Tlie  fiftli  Cattle  Show  and  Fair  v.as  celabrated 
in  this  village  on  the  2d  and  3d  inst.  It  was  the 
most  brJlliLintand  interesting  display  ever  esliibited 
in  this  county.  Tiie  Society  were  blessed  witli  two 
line  days  for  the  ex'ubition,  r.nd  althougii  the  rapid 
improvenicnis  in  agriculture,  domestic  animals,  and 
manuf.^ctui-es  were  manifest^  yet  it  was  a  matter  of 
universal  regret  that  the  first  day  shoidd  have  been 
fixed  on  Monday,  which  probably  prevented  many 
animals  coming  from  the  more  distant  parts  of  tlie- 
county.  Xevcrthelcss,  tiie  animals  were  numerous; 
the  jiens  were  enlarged,  and  their  fine  appearance 
was  universally  admired  by  munerous  spectators. 

At  an  early  hour  our  females  were  seen  coming 
from  various  quarters  with  the  ricli  fruits  of  their 
industry  and  ingenuity;  and  it  was  grateful  to  every 
true  lover  of  his  country  to  see  the  rapid  improve- 
ment, both  of  quantity  and  quality  of  ovu-  domestic 
m.mufactures.  The  dis])lay  on  the  2d  day  was 
peculiarly  interesting,  and  the  whole  community 
were  delighted  with  the  proceedings.  At  12  o'clock 
the  members  of  the  Societ}',  with  several  honoi-ary 
members  from  a  distance,  having  the  badge  of  the 
bociety  in  their  hats,  formetl  a  respectable  proces- 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER -FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


16% 


/sian,  and  were  escorted  froTTi  Alorgan'scofPc^e  liouse 
to  the  old  church,  by  captain  Allen's  company  of 
Infantry,  and  a  band  of  music,  whe.-e  the  ar'dcles  of 
premiums,  bein.s;'  silver  bowls,  cnps,  spoons,  &c.  to 
ihe  val'ie  of  ^600,  were  liandsomelv  iU'!;\np:ed  in 
fron'i  of  the  p;il])it.  About  100  sinp:ers  were  sc.ted 
in  the  f-ont  3- tileries,  andtlie  biuid  of  music  arrang-ed 
tl;e!T»3elve3  in  '^.e  rear  of  the  org-un. 

Tiie  rev.  Mr  Shepard,  of  Lenox,  opened  the 
C?rcm.?ni.*3  of  the  day  by  rej'.dinfj  a  ^  oe  of  the  Soci- 
ety, with  a  reques'  to  solemnize  the  op  ming"  3cene 
wi  h  sui  abie  expressisns  of  e^ratitude  and  pv^ise  in 
ceiebra'ing-  our  agricultural  prosperity.  Me  then 
re  id  a  psalm  suited  to  the  occasion,  which  was 
admirablv  sung'  by  the  numerous  choir  of  sing-ers; 
af'cr  w''ich  he  addressed  the  throne  of  gTace  in  . 
very  impressive  and  peculiarly  appropriate  pr.iycr. 
The  president  of  the  Society  then  pronounced  an 
address  to  tlie  members  and  the  ciiizens  assembled 
on  the  occasion,  vrMch  was  also  appropriate,  inte- 
resting', and  useful;  it  discovered  great  research 
into  ag'icultural  and  manufacturing-  pursuits,  (die 
promotion  of  which  is  tlie  chief  object  of  the 
institution)  and  was  received  with  much  apphmse 
Af'er  the  conclusion  of  the  address,  au  ode  was 
read  composed  for  the  occasion,  and  sung  by  the 
choir  in  a  very  handsome  manner.  It  m.-.y  not  be  im- 
proper to  Say,  tliat  tlie  performances  of  the  sing'ers 
■were  higiily  gratifying-  to  a  very  numerous  audience; 
:uid  meri  ediind  received  universal  commendation. 

The  premiums  were  then  ;uinounced  by  Elkanah 
Watson,  e.5q.  and  all  eyes  were  fixed  .yith  interest  on 
the  successful  candidates,  as  they  rose  to  receive 
their  premitims.  Tiic  effect  prodnced  on  fliis  inter- 
esting occasion,  wliich  was  animating  and  vi-.ible, 
\ye  tiiitik  must  carr}^  convict  ion  to  the  mind  of  every 
person  present,  at  least,  of  the  great  utility  ;md  im- 
portance of  this  Listitution.  We  hope  it  will  be  che- 
yished  and  supported  by  otu-  f  41ow  cilizen^.      [Su?i. 


Foreii>;a  Articles. 

OnnlNAvrE  or  THE  KIN'G. 

Louis,  by  the  grace  nf  GjcI,  hinpr  of  France  and  .\  a- 
varre,  to  all,  &c. 

T:.king  into  cotr^ideration  our  decree  of  the  24th 
o"  July  and  2d  of  Augiist,  in  virtue  of  w;iic!i  mar- 
shal N-^y  is  ordered  before  the  court  niarti.il  of  the 
1st  mi  itary  division,  sitting  at  P.iris  (dep^-tment 
of  the  Seine)  : — 

Taking  into  connderation  the  order  of  tli^  21st 
of  A'ig"ast,  bv  wliicli  otu-  minister,  seci-ciary  of  state 
for  liie  v.'ar  department,  has  nominated  the  mem- 
bers which  are  to  compose  this  court  marti  d  : 

Considering  tiiai  by  the  terms  of  tiiat  appoint- 
ment, and  i:i  virtue  of  the  5th  article  of  tne  law  of 
the  4tii  Fiuclidor,  year  5,  mars,ial  ^I^)ncey,  i)ac  de 
Cornegiiano,  is  called  to  p-eside  over  tlie  saidconr. 
martial,  as  being  the  oldest  of  tiie  marsUals  in 
France.  Taking  into  consideration  the  letters  of 
m.irshal  Moncey,  f  om  whicii  it  appe.trs  that  he  has 
not  the  only  excuse  wiiich,  after  tlie  6th  article  of 
the  law  of  1 3ili  Bruin.iire,  would  be  vaiiil  to  exempt 
him  frompresitlingat  tiie  said  com-t  martial : 

Considet-ing-  that  the  refusal  of  UKu-slial  Alqncey 
can  be  ascribed  to  nottiing  else  but  a  spirit  of  re- 
sistance and  insubordination,  so  mucn  the  more 
culpable,  as  an  example  diametrically  opposite 
might  hiive  been  expected  nom  the  lugli  rank  waich 
lie  eajojs  in  the  army,  and  the  principles  of  obe- 
dience whicli  his  long  military  career  shoultl  have 
taught  him  to  respect;  we  iiave  resolved  to  apply 
to  nim  the  penalty  decreed  by  the  otii  article  o;' tiie 
J-3th  Brumaire,  yeai"  5,  against  every  ojKcer,  who, 


without .;  valid  excuse,  rcfnses  to  sit  in  a  council  o' 
war  to  wliiclilie  is  called;  we,  therefore,  ordained, 
•and  do  ordcdn,  as  follows  .- — 

Art.  1.  Al.irshal  Moncey  is  cashiered,  fd.'rtitufi'J 
— he  •hill  suffer  three  months  imprisonment. 

2.  Otir  minister,  secretary  of  state  for  the  war 
dep-irtment,  is  cliarged  with  the  execution  of  tiie 
present  ord;i".nce. 

Given  at  Paris,  at  the  Thnillevies,    August  29, 
1815,  21st  year  of  our  reign. 
(■Signed)     "  LOUiS. 

Minister  of  war, 
(Signed)  GOUVION  SAINT  CYR. 

PHOCL.A.MATION  BY  TUB  Kfsrt, 

Lo^iis,  bii  the  Trace  of  God,  kinq-  of  France  awl  .Vif- 
varre,  to  aUxvlio  shall  see  tk'^se presents,  heahh  : 
We  h^'ve  learned,  with  gi  ief.  that  in  the  depart- 
ments of  t!ie  south  several  of  our  subjects  have 
recently  proceeded  to  the  most  criniitiai  excesses  ; 
tiiat  under  tlie  pretext  of  making  themselves  :ninls< 
ters  of  pui)lic  vengeance.  Frenchmen  have,  to  satis- 
fy private  revenge,  shed  tlie  blood  of  French.inen, 
even  before  o;tr  autho.-ity  was  universally  establish- 
ed and  (ckiVo'vledged  throughout  tiie  wiiole  extent 
of  our  kingdom. 

Doubtless  great  crimes,  infamous  treasons,  lia^e 
been  cotnmi'ted,  and  have  ])iui\g-ed  France  into  an 
ab\'ss  of  misfortunes — atrocious  persecutions  h.ave 
been  exe  -cised  against  such  of  our  faithful  subjects', 
w!io,    following    the   banner    of  our    well-beloved 
nephew,  coumgeously  attempted  with  hstS.to  f^.tve 
Frmce  ;  but  the  puni^iiment  of  these  crimes  ought 
to  be  national,  solemn  and  regtilar.     Ttte  gitiltv 
ougiit  to  suffer  by  the  sword  of  the  law,  and  not  fall 
under  tlie   weight  of  private  vengeance.     Justice 
would  be  otfended,  discord  iierpe'iuated,  and  a  doo- 
opened  lo  a  tliousand  disorders  ;  social  order  wotild 
be   subverted,  were  men  to  constitute  themselves 
at  once  judges  and  executioners,  for  i'ljurics  re- 
ceived, or  even  of  personal  attacks.     Our  intentions 
and  our  orders  liave  sufhcietitly  made  known  that 
the  nation  shall  have  justice  done  on  tlie  atithors  of 
these  evils,  and  that  indtdgence  granted  to  weakness 
or  to  error  will  not  be  extended  to  those  ci-iminals 
whose  public  .md  pi-oved   guilt  can  be  prosecute<t 
witiiout  catisiiig  alarm  to  the  multitude  who  obeyed, 
doubtless  with   regret,  the  force  of  circumst;uices. 
We  ;iope  that  tliis  odious  attempt  to  anticipate  tlie 
operation  of  the  laws  and  of  our  authority  has  al- 
ready ceased.     It  must  be  regarded  as  an  offence 
ag  .insL  us   and   against  France,  and  whatever  mav 
be  the  regret  we  shall  feel,  notning-  will  be  omitted 
by  us  to  ptuiish  such  crimes.     Our  worthy  nephevr, 
whose  name  stands  henceforth  united  with  the  sen- 
timcstts  of   love    and  devotion    manifested  by  our 
s^uJierii  province!,  wno,  by  his  character  of  ol)e- 
diencc,  conciliation  and  energy,  has  presei-ved,  and 
sail  will    preserve,  these  provinces   from    inv;isiaii, 
O'lglit  also  to  be  our  agent  in  s:iying  tlie.n  from  civil 
diicords,  and  in  re'iressiag  and  pnnisiiing  those  Vi^ho 
would  pretend  to  abuse  our  name  and  his.      But, 
doubtless,  the  noble  ties  formed  between  liim  and 
tne  inUabitants  of  the  south,  will  not  be  broken  by 
tlie  culpable  conduct  of  some  men,    thirsting  for 
vengeance  and  disorder.     In  tliis  conhdenoe,  and 
■A'ith  tliis  hope,    we  have  recommended,  by  prior 
orders,    to  Oiir  ministers  and  our  magistrates,  to 
catise  the  laws  to  be  strictly  respected,  and  to  sliow 
neitlier  indulgence  n,>r  weakness  in  the  prosecution 
of  those  wlio  nave,  or  whoyeL  may  attentnt  to  vin- 
lace  tlicin,  being  well  coiivinced  that  otu-  voice  will 
1  )C  be  heard  in  vain  in  a  country  from  wiich   \rz 
■  ive  received  so  many  proofs  of  fidelity  r.id  aHcc- 
tion. 


154      KIl-ES'  WEKELY  UEGISTER— SATURDAY,  ZxOYEliUiER  4,  1815 


Given  at  r.iris,  on  llic  1st  of  September,  1815,  and 
of  our  reign  the  21st, 

(Signed)  LOUIS. 

(Countei-sigTiecl)  Pas(ivieh, 

A'cfJ>cr  of  the  ssah  av<l  minister  of  justice. 

Loxnox,  Aug.  27. — liourbojis  and  bigotry  returning 
iogeli.er. — 'In  the  south  of  France  a  most  horrid 
persecution  luis  been  raised  against  the  Protestants. 
Thousands  have  been  slaugljtered  by  tlie  Catholics, 
■\vlio  cloak  themselves  vinder  X\\e  uutiiority  of  tlie 
tluke  D'Angouleme,  who  is  well  known  to  be  one  of 
the  greatest  bigots  of  the  ago. 

Extract  from  i/ie  Bidielin  of  JVis-mes. 

"  On  tlie  5th  of  July,  several  domains  belonging 
to  the  Protestants  were  burned,  and  on  the  6th  a 
still  greater  number.  Tiie  Steward  (Geri.ssenc)  of 
tlie  eatate  of  Gurraudin  whs  stretched  over  a  fire. 
After  his  death  tiiey  took  liim  dov.-n  and  exhibited 
the  body  to  passengers.  The  7i.h,  Sth,  and  9th., 
Avcre  more  cah7i  days;  they  were  only  pillages.  Oh 
the  5th,  they  massacred  almost  all  tlie  prisoners  who 
v.-ere  proteslants.  A  pretended  national  guard,  form- 
ed of  all  tlie  raalefactors,  and  of  all  the  wcrtliless 
wretches  of  the  environs,  and  tlie  town,  are  accused 
ryfthe.se  crimes.  One  of  tlie  captains  is  a  person  of 
the  name  of  Toislajon,  a  sweeper  of  the  streets, 
wlio  alone  has  killed  fourteen  Protestants.  They 
broke  open  the  grave  of  a  yoimg  J'rctestant  girl  to 
throw  her  into  a  common  receptacle  of  filth.  Those 
I'rotestants  wliom  tliey  do  not  kill  they  exile,  and 
throw  'li.to  prison,  and  yet  there  were  a  number  of 
2'OvaiisLS  among  them. 

"  From  the  10th  to  tlie  14th  July  no  couriers 
from  Paris  arrived.  On  the  16th  the  king  was 
proclaimed,  by  tlie  Urban  guard  (composed  of  men 
between  40  and  60  years  of  age)  followed,  by  all 
t1ie  most  respectable  persons  in  the  town,  and  the 
white  fiag  Was  hoisted. 

"  On  tiie  17lh  armed  ]);inds  of  brigands,  and  the 
national  gviards  of  Beaucaire  came  to  disarm  tlie 
military,  who  sustained  an  assaitlt  in  the  barracks, 
and  they  were  almost  all  massacred.  Tiieir  number 
amounted  to  200, 

"  On  tlie  18th  many  jieaceable  citizen.^  were 
massacred — many  liouses  pillaged.  On  the  afrernoon 
of  that  cruel  moniing,  the  mad  wretches  ran  about 
the  town  calling  out  that  they  wished  a  second  saint 
Uartholomew. 

"On  the  19th  tlic  prcToct  published  a  pro- 
clamation, recalling  tlie  peaceable  persons  wlio 
had  quitted  the  town:  they  obeyed  this  order,  and  a 
great  number  were  assiissinated. 

"  From-  the  20  to  the  29th,  the  pillages  and  as- 
sassinations did  not  <iiscontinue.  Those  who  sought 
their  safe!}-  in  fiiglit  were  assassinated  on  the  »  jads. 
Some  were  conducted  into  prisons,  where  they  arc 
still  g^.-o.ming. 

"On  the  29th  the  prefect  of  the  king  ai  lived.' 

Tlie  other  prefect  had  been  named  by  —^ ,  tlic 

royal  commissioner.  ' 

'"On  the  SOtli  a  te  Deiim  was  chanted.  On  the  Slst 
the  new  prefect  published  a  very  prudent  pro- 1 
c.lamation,  but  he  quitted  Nismes.  I 

"  On  the  Istof  Au:^st,  M.de  Calyiere,  tlic  pcr.soni 
r.'lrom  the  royal  commissioner  hac^  named,  resumed 
■llie  fund  ions  of  prefect,  and  16  Protestants  were 
;nassacred.  Tiiey  went  about  seizing  them  in  their 
}iouscs,  and  they  cut  their  throats  before  theii-  own 
doors.  Many  were  massacred  in  the  fields.  The 
night  between  the  1st  and  2d  was  the  most  cruel. 
31  dc  Calvicre  caused  nn  order  to  be  posted  up, 
■which  seems  to  have  gome  v/hat  calmed  these 
pretended  roj-alists.  On  the  4tii  several  country 
i'e.its  were  set  on  fire. 


i      "  The  peaceable  citizens,   the  members  of  lli<f 
I  Urban   guard,  have   been  again   forced  to  flee  to 
I  save  themselves  from   destruction.      The    prefect 
sent  an  order  to  them  to  return,  under  tlie  penalty' 
of  having  the  laws  respecting  emigration   put  in 
I  force  against  them.     Those  who  returned  into  the 
town  experienced  either  deatb  or  capti>ity.     It  is 
uncertain  whether  M.  de  Aloncalm  or  M.  de  Cal« 
viere  is  most  guilty  of  allowing  or  causing  the  com- 
mission  of  all  the.se  liorrors,  but  suspicion   falVs 
principally  on  the  former,  who  is  royal  commissioner, 
and  whom  it  is  s.ud  the  king  had  a  considerable 
time  ago  ordered  to  cease  his  functions. 

"  Nothing  promises  any  security  to  friends  of 
order;  for  all  the  authorities,  with  tiie  exception  of 
two  persons,  are  composed  of  the  most  timid  and 
feeble  men. 

"  The  attorneys  (notaries)  and  the  avocats,  have 
formed  resolutions  not  to  retain  or  to  receive  into 
their  bmlies  any  but  Roman  Catholics.       "^ 

"  Nismes  has  already  lost  its  rank  among  the  com- 
mcrcinl  towns.  It  is  on  the  brink  of  annihilation, 

"  Tiie  prefect  named  by  the  king-  was  a  .M.  d'Ar- 
bot;  but  he  li.as  done  no  good.  The  foreig-n  troops^ 
have  been  implored  to  fjrce  tho  bi-igands  to  repose,, 
and  to  assist  the  true  royalists,  for  the  brigands' 
abuse  this  name,  wliich  tliey  will  render  universally 
odious.  '  ■  '■  ■  ". 

"The  number  of  deatlis  is  prodigious;  we  have 
not  .an  ex.ict  enumeration. 

"Horrors  of  the  same  kind  ai'c  continued  in  the 
tiJigiil)oring  tokvi  s.'*    '  '  '' 

Gil  the  re-entabHahment  of  the  Jesuits  m  Spain. 
The  king  our  master,  has  received  from  his  holi- 
ness, Pius  7thj  a  letter,  of  wliicli  th^  following  is  » 
translation:  ' 

•  Our  very  dear  son  jn  Jesus  Christ,  health  and 
a])0:3tolic  benediction.'  Tlie  sentiments  of  generous 
piety,  which  have  excited  the  royal  heart  of  your 
majesty  have  been  confirmied  as  is  manifest,  when 
desirous  of  doing-  a  distinguished  benefit  to  the. 
religion  of  Jesui  Christ,  your  majesty  has  resolved 
to  re-establish  the  company  of  jesus.  We  give 
yciur  majesty  -^iie  most  affectionate  thanks  for  tlic 
copy  of  3'our  roy:d  decree  which  you  have  sent  us, 
and  much  more  for  the  filial  deference  which  your 
mnjestv  discovers  for  our  counsels.  M.iy  the  father 
of  mercies 'send  down  his  blessings  on  this  religious 
disposition  ofyotir  m:.jesty,  and  cause  3'our  reign  to 
prosper  more  every  day  for  the  good  of  your  most 
ftitJiful  subjects,  and  principally  of  the  church,  of 
which  your  majesty  manifests  j'ourself  tlie  defen- 
der in  your  states,  with  so  much  glory  to  jourself 
and  c<>nsolation  to  us.  We  sup])licate,  and  will  in- 
cessantly supplicate  the  Lord  to  pour  liis  celestial 
gi-ace  on  the  person  of  your  majesty,  to  establish 
your  majesty  more  e.ach  day  in  tlie  maxims  which 
render  j'ou  a  king  truly  Catholic  in  your  submission 
to  tht  Holy  See,  and  in  your  love  for  the  Father  of 
all  the  faithful;  Iseing  able  in  the  mean  time  to  as- 
sure your  majesty  that  v/e  love  you  v/ith  the  greatest 
tenderness,  and  that  with  the  greatest  effusion  of 
oiu"  heart  we  give  our  paternal,  apostolic  benedic-; 
tion  to  your  majesty  and  to  all  your  royal  family. 
Given  at  Rome,  in  Sta  Maria,  Maggiore,  the  22d 
of  July,  in  the  yeai-  1815,  17th  year  of  our 
I'ontiticatc." 

PIUS  7th 
Lo^TDOX,  Sept.  A—~Fovclie,  C Duke  of  OtrantuJ-— 
Tlie  following  letters  appeared  yesterday  in  the 
National  Register,  Sunday  paper,  and  as  Ihey  have 
all  tlie  .'ippearance  of  being  genuine,  (the  edito:^ 
having  them  in  Fouche's  own  hand  writing,)  cannot 
but  be  considered  as  furnishing  a  very  jmj>ortajif 


KILBS'  WEEKLY  RFXIISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


165 


i^.GV  to  tlic  politics  of  the  French  minisicr.  His 
'reasoning  to  Bonaparte  on  the  subject  of  his  title 
'and  Elbese  Sovereignty  is  jnst  and  himinons.  As 
,for  his  notion  of  transporting  the  Corsican  to  Ame- 
rica, it  was  likely  enough  to  proceed  from  a  man 
"^vho  never  disguised  his  hostility,  by  the  bye,  in 
which  Talle}Tand  is  not  his  inferior,  involves  a 
curious  consideration  at  the  present  time,  and  ought 
never  to  be  forgot  en  by  our  Ambassadors  in  trcathig 
\\ixl\  these  diplomatists.  Dii  it  add  to  their 
recommendations  for  office  under  Louis  XVIII  ? 
Co(ji/  of  a  letter  ivritten  by  the  Duke  of  Otranlo,  to  his 
■  '  Ttnifol  Hitfhiiess  Monsieur,  .Ipn'l  23,  1814. 
"  Mo'nseigneur— I  have  attempted  to  render  a 


fresh  service  to  tlie  Emperor  Napoleon,  whose 
ininister  I  have  been  during  ten  years.  I  think  it 
proper  to  communicate  to  yoitr  Ro3'al  Highness 
-(lie  letter  whicli  I  have  written  to  him.  His  interests 
cannot  be  an  indifferent  object  to  me,  since  the}- 
^ave  moved  the  g-enei-ous  compassion  of  the  powers 
who  have  conquered  him.  Hut  the  greatest  of  all 
interests  for  France  and  for  Europe,  that  to  which 
every  thing  should  be  sacrificed,  is  the  repose  of 
Nations  and  of  Monarchs,  after  so  many  agitations 
and  calamities :  and  that  repose,  even  if  it  should 
i>e  established  on  solid  bases,  would  never  be 
sufficiently  secured,  wotild  never  be  truly  enjoyed, 
us  long  as  the  Emperor  ?Capoleon  should  stay  in 
yie  Island  of  Elba.  Napoleon  on  that  rock,  would 
he  to  Italy,  to  Prance  and  to  all  Europe,  what 
Vesuvius  is  bv  the  side  of  Naples.  I  only  see  the 
Hew  World  and  the  United  States  in  which  he  can 
produce  no  convulsion." 
dpy  of  a  letter  ivritten  by  the  Duhe  of  Olrunto  to  the 

jT.mperor  JVapoIeun,  April  23,   1814,  inclosed  ivLlhia 

the  fofegsinj. 

"  Sire — When  France  and  apart  of  Europe  were 
at  your  I'eet,  I  dared  to  make  you  constantly  hear 
the  truth. — Now  that  you  are  unfortunate,  I  experi- 
ence more  dread  of  wounding  your  feelings  by 
Sipeaking  tlie  language  of  sincerity  :  but  I  owe  it 
to  you, 'since  to  }ou  it  will  prove  useful,  and  even 
Jiece..;sary. 

"  You'have  accepted,  as  a  retreat,  th«  Island  of 
Elba  and  its  sovereignty.  I  lend  a  ve;'y  attentive 
ear  to  all  that  is  said  respecting  that  sovereignty 
fend  that  Island,  I  think  it  my  duty  to  assure  you, 
that  the  situation  of  that  Island  in  Europe  dyes  not 
become  your  osvn.  and  that  the  title  of  sovereign  of 
h  few  acres  of  land,  still  less  becomes  him  who  has 
possessed  an  immense  Empii-o. 

"  I  beseech  you  to  weigh  these  two  considerations, 
and  you  will  feel  how  well  they  are  founded. 

"  The  Island  of  Elba  lies  at  a  short  distance  from 
Africa,  Greece,  and  Spain  :  it  almost  touches  the 
coasts  of  Italy  and  France.  From  that  Island  the  sea, 
the  winds,  and  a  small  felucca,  may  rapidly  convey 
to  every  country  most  exposed  to  mo\'emcnts, 
events,  andrevclutions.  As  yet,  stability  exists  no 
where.  In  this  rnutability  of  nations,  a  genius  like 
yours  will  always  create  inquietude  and  suspicions 
amongst  the  European  powers.  Without  being 
criminal  you  will  be  accused;  but  without  being 
eriminal  too,  you  will  do  harm;  for  alarm  is  a  great 
^vil,  botli  to  governments  and  to  nations. 

"  The  king  who  is  about  to  reign  in  France,  will 
wish  to  reign  only  by  justice;  but  you  know  liow 
many  passions  suiTOund  a  throne,  and  with  wliat 
skill  hatred  imparts  to  calumny  the  colors  of  trutli. 

"  The  titles  which  you  preserve,  whilst  recalling 
atevery  moment -^vjiat  you  have  lost,  can  only  serve 
to  increase  the  bitterness  of  your  regrets.  Tliey 
will  not  appear  a  wreck,  but  a  vain  representation 
Of  so  many   varqi.Jished  prajideurs.-r— 1   say  more  : 


without  honoring  you,  they  will  expose  you  to  great- 
er dangers.  It  will  be  said  tliat  you  only  keep  those 
titles  because  you  maintain  all  }-our  pretensions. — 
It  will  be  said  that  the  rock  of  Elba  is  the  resting 
point  on  which  you  intend  to  place  tlie  lever  with 
which  you  will  seek  once  more  to  raise  the  world. 
"  Allow  me  to  tell  you  my  whole  thoughts:  it  is 
the  result  of  my  reflections.  It  would"^  be  more 
g-lorious  and  more  consolatorjr  to  )-ou  to  li\e  as  a 
simple  citizen;  and  at  pi-esent,  the  safest  and  the 
most  heconiing  asylum  for  a  man  like  you  is — the 
United  States  of  America. 

"  There  you  will  recommence  your  existence  In 
the  midst  of  people  still,  near,  who  will  know  how 
to  admire,  without  fearing,  your  genius. — Yon  will 
be.  under  the  protection  of  those  laws  equally  im- 
partial and  inviolable  for  all  that  breathe — in  the 
country  of  Franklin,  Washington  and  Jefferson. — 
You  will  prove  to  the  Americans  tliat  if  you  had 
been  born  amongst  them  j-ou  would  have  felt,  and 
voted  like  them;  and  preferred  their  virtues  and 
their  liberties;  to  all  the  domination  of  the  earth. 

"I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 
(Signed)  "The  duke  of  OTRANTO,'' 

In  the  name  and  on  the  Imhalf  of  his  majesty. 
George  P.  R. 

Our  will  and  pleasure  is,  that  all  Frencli  vessels 
and  cargoes  that  may  Iiave  been  dpturcd  or  detain- 
ed by  reason  of  tlie  late  declaration  of  liostilities 
against  France,  on  any  voyage  to  or  from  Marti- 
nique or  Marseilles,  and  also  all  vessels  and  cargoes 
c.ptured  on  a  voyage  from  any  French  port  at 
•aliich  the  white  flag-  w:is  hoisted  at  the  time  when 
the  vessel  sailed  fi'om  her  port  of  lading,  shall  be 
released  forthwith,  on  payment  of  such  expenses  as 
have  been  duly  inciu'red  In  consequence  of  suchi 
capture  or  deter»tiofi. 

(;ivcn  at  the  palace  at  Carleton-house,  this  26tli 

day  of  August,  1813,  in  the  fifty-fifth  year  of 

our  reign. 
By  command  of  ids  ro3'al  highness  the  Prince  Re^ 

gent,  in  the  name  and  on  behidf  of  his  m.ijestv., 
(Countersigned)  BATHURST. '  ' 

NAPOLEOS^    nOTAPATlTK. 

The  British  papers  are  filled  with  remarks  and 
speculations  on  the  f  itc  oi' Bonaparte.  Some  wereVor 
hanging  him  at  once — in  pei-fcct  evidence  of  "Bri- 
tish magimnimity,"  wliicli,  indeed,  seems  a  favorite 
idea  witli  many,  who  reprehend  the  ministers  in  the 
vilest  terms  for  not  shutting  him  up  in  jVe-a'^-ate,  or 
confining  him  in  some  Scotcli  dungeon.  One  of 
them  says  that  ,St.  Helena  is  accessible  in  man> 
places,  and  that  an  escape,  without  actual  conhnt- 
ment,  may  be  easily  effected.  Another,  exciting 
his  countrymen  to  a  deadly  hatred  of  the  prisoner, 
observes — "Have  we  no  compassion  for  an  exiled 
king,  for  the  memory  of  a  murdered  jirince,  for  a 
legitimate  royal  family,  seeking  refuge  in  a  foreign 
country  ?  All  history  proclaims  the  dig-nity  of  suf- 
fering virtue.  Is  it  left  for  the  present  age  to  vene- 
rate unsuccessful  vilhuny  .''  Are  great  talents  alone, 
independently  of  their  use,  a  sufficient  title  to  the 
esteem  and  admiration  of  mankind  .■"' 

Here  is  impudenc*,  indeed!  AVhcre  are  the  "legi- 
timate" royal  families  of  ■  idia — scores  of  princes  of 
"as  ancient  and  venerable"  standing  as  the  Capets, 
or  Guelphs  ;  In  exile  or  murdered  by  successful  "vil- 
lainy." 

One  fellow  rails  at  him  f  )r  "seizing  the  English  fa- 
milies living  peaceab'y  in  Paris,"  &c.  But  the  crea- 
ture thinks  it  right  that  his  countrymen  should  have 
made /ir/.soHers  of  not  less  thutioOOO  .Americans  that 
ttiey  h^d  forcibly  got  into  their  possession />i:_/or('  the 
WiU"  with  tht  United  Btates ;  an4  r.o  doubt  suppo6£>i: 


166    NILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  4,  1815. 


that,  -leithin  the  wnlln  of  Dartmoor,  much  more  pic 
sure  was  to  be  cr.joyed  than  in  a  d-partment  of 
i'rance  !  T  am  no  apolog-ist  of  Bonaparte — his  crimes 
arc  many  and  deep  ; — but  his  vllhiinies  are  virtues 
compared  with  tlie  g'ianl  rascalities  of  liis  powerful 
opponents  and  enemies. 

The  following  paragraph  recently  appeared  in  the 
Bonion  Cen.'ind,  about  the  same  time  t'lat  that  pa- 
|jer  recorded  tlie  fact  th..l  the  British  hud  not  typi- 
cally, but  actually,  stolen  the  crown  and  throne  of  the 
"legitimate"'  of  C;mdy  : — "The  wi«s  remark,  that 
John  Bull  does  not  shew  his  sapience  in  placing  Xa- 
POLF.ON-  in  the  Tn-uer,  where  the  Uritish  crown  and 
jewels  are  deposited.  -  His  peiiehan!  for  such  ai'ticks 
IS  well  known,  and  they  tliink  it  nine  chances  in  ten 
he  will  one  day  filch  the  whole  of  tliem  and  make 
otr.  Beside,  they  add,  he  will  have  it  in  his  power, 
by  ascending  to  the  turret  of  his  c;»lle,  and  dis- 
T>ia\'lng  a  liandkerchief,  to  boast  that  he  had  fulfd- 
led'his  promise,  to  hoist  the  tri-colorcd  f;ag  on  the 
to-:i-cr  of  London." 

Lond'jn,  Av^ist  19. — A  ministeri:d  paiier  says — 
•'The  following  arraT'.gcments  respecting  Bonaparte 
are  handed  about  in  the  upper  circles,  in  MS.  but 
upon  wji.it  authority  we  kn.ow  not: — He  is  to  have 
one  servant  and  his  own  cook.  His  letters  are  to  be 
onened  bv  the  governor.  He  is  not  to  be  landed 
till  a  house  is  fully  prepared  for  his  lecepllon.  He 
is  to  be  permitted  to  exercise  himself  in  any  field- 
sport  of  which  the  island  will  admit,  but  is  con- 
stantly to  be  attended  by  an  oiTlccr  and  twp  orderly 
men,  who  are  to  sliootiflie  attempts  to  escape,  asid 
is  beyond  the  reacli  of  their  hands.  He  is  only  to 
be  allowed  such  a  sum  of  money  as  h.e  may  be  in 
■want  of  for  common  occasions — and,  finally,  the 
French  government  is  to  be  wholly  at  the  expence 
cf  sujioorting  him." 

Foreign  ojfice,  August  26. — Lord  Bathui-st,  one  of 
Lis  majesty's  principal  sccretarie.s  of  state,  has  tliis 
d.ay  notified,  by  commitnd  of  his  royal  liighness  the 
pri  icc  regent,  to  the  ministers  of  friendly  powers 
l-esidentat  tliis  court,  that  in  consequence  of  events 
which  liave  happened  in  Europe,  it  has  been  deem- 
ed expedient  and  determined,  in  co.ij'.incLion  with 
the  sdiied  sovercig-ns,  that  the  Island  of  Si.  Helena 
shall  be  tlie  place  allatted  for  the  future  resi:lery^e 


the  oOth  .Tuiy,  the  fiictions  are  far  from  being  q-x- 
tinguished  in  the  island  of  Corsica,  as  was  lately 
stated;  things  seems  on  the  contrary  to  assume  a 
S'rioMs  character,  and  it  appears  that  a  design  is 
entertained  of  talcing  adv.mtage  of  present  circum- 
siances  to  withdraw  this  islaivl  from  the  dominion 
of  France.  They  talk  of  convoking  a  general  assem- 
bly. Mr.  Arriglit  intends  to  organize  six  Corsican 
battalions;  he  is  fortifying  C.dvi,  where  he  designs, 
it  is  said,  to  fix  his  head -quarters. 

The  ^t:itc  of  l-'ublicfeeUvgs  771  France,  according  to 
late  and  authentic  advices,  is  flu-  from  being  pa- 
cific and  tran(iuil.     The   Boston  Daily  Advertiser 

in    support  of  t!>is  fact,   sajs -"We  have  been 

allowed  by  a  friend  the  perusal  of  a  letter  writ- 
ten by  an  American  g-entleman  now  in  France, 
wiiieh  gives  a  gloomy  picture  of  the  state  of  that 
country.  He  confirms  the  fact  so  often  stated,  of 
th.e  general  dissatisfaction  of  tiie  inhabit;mts,  at 
being  treated  as  a  conquered  pc-ople.  It  seism's 
there  is  a  general  dejection  of  spirit  and  much  mur- 
mmnng,  hut  no  resistance  except  in  the  garrison 
towns.  He  speaks  of  the  angr}'  note  presented  to 
the  allied  powers,  v.diich  he  states  v.'as  dated  July 
22,  and  adds  that  their  treatment  of  it  was  evasive. 
Tiie  .allies  had  declared  that  tliey  woidd  not  inter- 
fere with  the  interior  reguhaions  of  France,  but 
their  armies  proceeded  in  taking  military  posses- 
sion of  different  phices,  in  the  name  of  theu-  respec- 
tive soverei<rns." 

The  following  m.clancholy  picture  of  the  state  of 
things  in  France  is  copied  from  one  of  our  Litest 
London  papers  : — 

"D.iy  afier  day  the  private  accoimts  from  France 
becoiTie  more  gloomy;  tlie  state  of  politics  in  the 
capital  bee«mes  more  involved  and  intricate;  the 
c-iimplaints  and  confusion  of  tlie  departments  be- 
come more  distressing,  Of  plots  and  crjuspir^Lcifes 
in  every  quarter,  there  is  abundant  rumor.  We 
hear  of  new  Sicilian  Vespers  directed  against  aH 
the  allies;  and  of  a  new  St.  Eartholemew's  day 
which  threatens  the  protestants  of  the  Soutli. — 
Tlie  king's  ministers,  or  tlieir  m.ost  intimate  friends, 
are  stirring  up  a  jacobin  insurrection  ;  they  are 
opposing'  tlie  dislsanding  the  army  oftlie  Loire,  and 
secretly  enoouraginc:  the  rebel  commanders  of  the 


of  reneral  N.ipoleon  Bonaparte,  under  sucli  rcgula- 1  fortrasses  to  prolong  their  resistance.     The  allied 
tions  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  perfect  security  of  sovereigns  do  not  :qopear  to  act  in  concert  with  the 


Ids  person  ;  and  for  that  purpose  it  iias  been  resolv 
«^d,  that  all  foreign  ships  ..nd  vessels  whatever,  shall 
be  excluded  from  .all  communication  with,  or  ap- 
])roach  to  that  Island,    so  long  as  the  said  Island 


king  of  France;  or  \x\t\\  any  party  in  that  coimtry, 
and  scarcely  with  each  other.  The  conclusion  of 
the  treaty  of  peace  seems  to  be  more  distant  than 
ever.  The  opening  of  the  chamber  of  representatives 


shiill  continue  to  be  tlie  place  of  residence  of  the  ~  is  looked  to  as  the  signal  of  some  new  and  tremen- 


?aid  Napoieon  Bonaparte. 

Sypteinbcr  2. — A  letter  from  JIavre,  dated  Tues- 
day, states  tlie  arrival  of  a  British  fiigale,  With 
rSav.u-y    and    L'AIiemand  on  board.     Siie   had  the 


dous  expolosion:  and  France  has  all  the  symptoms 
of  an  approaciiing  and  most  sanguinary  warfitre." 

[./V.  r.  Com.  Ailv. 
Marshal  AV?,'. — A  London  paper  says  :    Marshal 


v/hitc  and  British,  flags  flying,  and  was  received  with   Ney  has  undergone   a  second  examination;  and  a 


u  salute  from  the  fortress  ;    ])ut  tliey  were  not  per- 


court-martial  consisting  of  the  following  general* 


mitted  to  land  until  instructions  had  been  received  is  appointed  to  try  him 


from  Paris. 

Tiie  marquis  de  Monscheme  is  named  as  the 
French  commissioner  appoiiited  by  the  king  at  the 
island  of  Si.  Heleiia. 


Elba.  F'orenct',  Aug.  2.  Despatches  from  Por- 
to Longonc,  of  t!ie  .31st,  inform,  tiir.t  in  const  (pu  nee 
of  the  advance    of  the  troops  of  the  grand  duke, 


The  dul;e  of  Cornegliano  (Moncey),  president. 

Tlie  prince  of  Essiing  (Massena.) 

Tlie  duke  of  Castiglioni  (.\ngereau.) 

^Marshal  Jourdan. 

Lieutenant-gciieral  Maison,  governor  of  Purls. 


Lieutenant-general  Villate. 


Lieuten.iiit-general  Ciaparede. 

Great  exertions  are  making  to  screen  him  from 


the  French  garrison  in  Porto  Ferrajo,  in  the  island  I  the  punishment  that  awaits  him. 
of  Elba,  !iad  c.;pitulated,  and  the  I'uscan  troops  1  Two  days  ago  (s^ys  a  Paris  paper  of  August  27) 
lii.d  marched  in,  and  taken  possession  of  all  the  M.idame  Ney  wai'edOn  the  due  de  Rolian.  It  is  said 
];osts  opti.-j  island,  whh  their  artillery,  munitions  1  tlial  sonic  d..y3  before  that  lady  Jiad  apjilied  to  a 
and  other  efTccts.  great  monarch  to  intercede  for  lier  liusband,  bu^ 

CoBsitA. — Acoordi'>g'  to  letters  from  Sardinia  of  that  the  answer  she  rccei\^d  was  not  fttVora.;>le. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


16: 


Marshal  Moncey  has  been  cr.^iucitJ  .mcl  impri-  Fire/'' — They  obeyedJmost  steadily,  and  tlie  trai 
Sii-)ncd  because  he  refused  to  act  as  president  of  the   tor  fell  dead  in  :>.n  instant. 

co'i'^cil  before  whom  marshal  Ney  was  to  be  brouglit       He  was  29  years  of  ag-e,  of  eleg-ant  manners  and 
to    rial.  j  haiid.some  person,   and  m.iiTied   two  years  ag-o,  and 

The  trial  of  marshal  Xky  had  not  commenced  on,  has  a  son.     He   never  confessed  him--eif  g-uilty  of 

wrong-,   but,  on    the  contrary,   s.dd  he  and'  his 


the  6th  September.  He  has  publislied  a  defence  m 
tlie  Paris  papers,  <ok1  an  opinion  had  gone  forth  that 
he  would  be  acquitted. 

Fuuc'ie.  The  London  papers  say  that  Fouche  had 
tendered  his  resignation  to  the  king,  and  express 
p-eat  .surprise 'i;at  it  was  not  accepted.  They  are 
i/iiiig-HiJitat  Lis  seco/iJ  report  on  die  state  of  France 
,viiich  has  not  ye.  come  to  hand.  It  seems  likely 
tliat  !i  new  storm  is  brewina;'.  The  laboring  class- 
es in  France  ai-e  becoming  desperate  tlirough  suf- 
ferini;-. 

The  London  editors  have  lately  commenced  a 
severe  camoaicrn  of  .ibuse  ae-  tiiist  Fouche — c.dling  ,  „    ,  . 

him  any  thing  "else  than  an  honest  man    "The  wind  i  movements  of  the  Russun  forces. 

-  !      Toidoti.se,  .171^.25.     The  day  before  3-esterdsy  it 

was   currently    reported    that   the   Spanish  troops 
near  Bellegarde,  m.enaced  our  frontier.     Thoue.h 


enemies  put  dinerent  constructions  on  the  term 
loy.ilt}-,  for  that  be  had  acted  loy;dly  and  for  the 
good  of  France,  by  attaching  himself  to  Napoleon^ 
being  confident  that  he,  and  not  the  Sourbons, 
could  save  it. 

[jCrThe  day  will  come  that  the  people  of  France 
will  erect  monuments  to  Labedoyere  as  a  murder- 
ed paU'iot.] 

BerUu,  Augu-H  12. — "We  are  informed  that  Tar- 
key  is  arming  witli  the  greatest  activity,  and  th.rd 
fonr.idable  armies  are  already  put  in  motion.  Peo- 
ple   ascribe  to   tliis  circumstance   the    retro<adc 


has  changed." 

FntXCii  CDCHTEST.  From  a  London  pajter  of  S\Iay 
16.  La^t  Saturday  die  magnificent  p<...te  and  crys- 
tal Avliich  (.he  dake  of  Wellington  had  at  P.iris,  ar- 
rived in  ihi.5  city.  The  m.i'ue  d'hotel  of  the  duke 
was  bearer  of  a  letter  f.om  tne  duke  of  Vicenza,  in 
M'hich  he  expressed  the  gi-eates;  consideration  for 
that  general.  It  appears  that  the  iiousehold  funii- 
tiu"e  and  pictures  which  .vere  fo  nid  in  his  hotel  a" 
Paris,  liad  been  packed  up  ^vjth  thi  greatest  care, 
and  sent  under  a  military  escort  to  ihe  nearest  j)ort 
of  Paris,  where  a  vessel  well  fitted  out  waited  their 
arrival,  m  order  to  bring  this  rich  property  to  Eng- 
land. 

(I^-^'Now,  suppose  these  had  been  the  efFects  of  a 
french  general,  and  liad  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a 
Rossy  Puckenham  or  Cock.b'jrx.'' — Did  the  "high  al- 
lies" return  to  Bonaparte  ids  private  goods  they 
Jook.'  Nay,  nay,  they  robbed  him  of  what  little  he 
Was  able  to  save.     Bat  this  is ".MAdSASiMiTTt!*' 


this  report  was  contrary  to  the  tenor  of  the  pro- 
clamation of  the  mayor  of  Bayonne,  general  Ricard 
took  mer;sures  of  safety,  and  departed  for  tlie  fron- 
tier on  the  road  to  Perj^ignan.  His  head-quarters 
we  are  as.sured  were  at  CJarcassona.  The  battalion 
of  Maria  Theresrx,  areg-iment  of  lar.cers,  a  train  of 
artillery,  &.c.  have  departed  for  the  same  destina- 
tion. All  the  troops  in  the  neighboring  depart- 
ments are  placed  on  the  war  establislimcnt.  These 
wisi  measures  of  precai-ion,  and  above  all,  the  ex- 
planaions  of  tlie  count  Abis^'al,  the  commander  of 
the  Spanish  ami}-,  oug-ht  to  dissipate  all  iiiqule- 
tu<les. 

JJo'opui,  C  Italy  J  Aug.  9.  Prince  Giustiana  has 
set  at  liberty  a  great  number  of  tlie  persons  who 
were  detained  for  having  been  found  in  posses- 
sion of  fire  arms. 


I>niA. 


,  .  Madeira,  Si'pt.  9.    The  vintaa:e  is  almost  conclud- 

It  appears  from  tne  exertions  making  to ,  p^j^  ^,^^-^^  ^^it  whole  Island  we  do   not  think  tiicre 

send  troops  from  the  Cape,  Isle  of  Fr.mce,  (Jeylon,L.^-pj  ^^  ^^^^^  ^j^,^  ^.^^^  thousand  pines.    AVe  reckon 


and  oU  regiments  lUOO  strong  from  Kngland,  that 
theie  is  Wann  work  exnecred  in  India.  A\'hether 
some  new  scheme  of  conquest  is  on  foot,  or  the  na- 
tives manifest  a  disposi.ion,  and  have  acquired  more 
knowleda'e  of  the  means  to  exoet  their  bloodu  oti- 
pressors,  we  shall  see  by  and  *iye.  We  wish  suc- 
cess to  the  India  patriots.  The  tyrannies  of  the 
British  in  the  East,  are  beyond  every  thing  that  mo- 
dern times  gives  us  an  account  of  INInrder  and  rob- 
bery, or  one  or  the  other,  is  the  fate  of  about  sixty 
millions   of  innocent  people.      '-PERisa  the  isva- 

ItERS." 

Fleur  de  I.ijs.  This  emblem,  (says  the  [Charles- 
ton] Southern  Patriot)  though  bearing  a  very  sofi 
name,  lias  a  very  military  origin.  It  was  first  wrought 
upon  the  standard  of  Philip  2d  o"  France,  common- 
ly called  Phillip  .VugusUis — and  Voltaiue  informs 
us  it  represents  the  head  of  a  spear — a  very  signifi- 
cant sign  for  the  jiresent  king  of  France  and  Xavarre, 
wlio  has  been  seated  on  the  tlu'one  a  second  time 
by  the  force  of  arms. 

Paris,  Aug.  23.  When  Labadoyere  was  shot,  he 
pbtaineil  leave  to  be  without  the  bandage  on  his 
eyes,  and  to  g-ive  the  word  to  fire.  He  said  "1  can- 
not foar  to  die  who  have  seen  death  in  so  manv 
sliapes;  and  1  who  have  so  often  given  tlie  word 
to  French  soldiers  to  fire,  may  be  permitted  to  do 
so  this  once  and  for  tlie  last  time." 


a  fair  crop  to  produce  thirty  thousand  pipes.  Tl-is 
will  enable  you  to  judge  what  pi  Ice  Madeira  wine 
is  likely  to  get  to-. 

Aixla-  CiuipeUe,  Aug.  9.  Anot'icr  ccnvov  of  cover- 
ed waggons  arrived  from  Paris.  TJiev  are  said  not 
to  contain  any  pictures  or  statues,  but  tl'ings  taken 
from  the  French  depot  of  military  plans  and  'mo- 
dels of  all  the  French  fortresses,  in  wood.  [Ho-x  de- 
grading/] 


'crippling'^ 


Tlie  clt;-  o?  Arras  has  not  yet  opened  its  g-ates  to 
the  allies.  This  a;:'pears  to  be  tlie  case  with  several 
other  fortified  jihces.  The  people  resist  the  demand 
for  tiieir  arms,  and  several  severe  petit  contests 
have  ensued.  France,  from  all  we  see,  may  be 
compared  to  a  cask  of  gun-powder,  having-  all  the 
properties  of  drcadfrd  explosion  ana  destruction. 
Ikit  whether  things  are  really  as  bad  as  the  British 
represent  tliem,  to  afford  a  pretext  for 
that  coimtry,  we  shall  know  more  hereafter'. 

The  king  of  I)3nmark;  after  reigning  several 
years,  has  recently  been  cro'>vncd  at  Copenhagen. 
The  old  Danish  title  of  king  of  Xor-Nvay  is  omitted 
in  the  new  arrangement. 

The  Danes  are  complai.dng  g-rievously  of  tlie  de- 
predations of  tlie  Algcrines,  who  have  captured 
some  of  their  vessels.  They  also  allude  verv  mourn- 
fully to  the  loss  of  the  fleet  that  the  lirilish  teok 
from  them,  just  for  the  sake  of  "religion  and  liber- 
He  advanced  Willi  a  firm  step  to  tlie  veterans  who  ///,"  x^-hich  prevents  an  i..iniedi..te  cliastisement  of 
were  appointed  to  shoot  hun,  and  when  within  four|t!ie  liarl^:  rians. 

gives   the  folio v,-Ln;j 


or  five  paces,  gave  the  -.vords    "Meadif  Present/]     One  of  the  London  Joi 


1.68 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


Kiconic  correspondence  between  Carnot  and  Foitc/u:: 

"Traltre! — on  veux  tu  que  je  me  retire?"* 

(Sig^ied)  CARNOT. 

*'0u  tu  voudriis, — imbecile."| 

(Sig-ned)  OTRANTE. 

The  ansu-er  was  va-ittcn  on  tlic  sauie  paper. 

[*Traitor!  wliitliei-  woiddst  tliou  have  me  retire.' 

-j-Whither  thou  pleasest — fool,] 

Carnot  does  not  appear  to  have  been  troubled 
by  the  new  government.  It  seems  as  if  the  '-high 
allies,"  like  Bonaparte  in  the  zenith  of  his  power, 
feared  to  touch  tlie  brave'old  man. 

Recruiting  goes  on  rapidly  in  the  Austi'ian  do- 
minions— 80,000  arc  to  be  raised  in  Ihuigary  A\onc . 

Serria  is  again  in  insurrection  against  the  Otto- 
nian  Porte — a  useless  waste  of  lives;  they  inust  be 
subdued  The  power  of  the  Turks  is  legitimate  and 
the  n'behwiW  bepunislied. 

'  Tlie  "king'.s  rc-inient,"  as  it  is  called,  that  re- 
turned to  England  in  May  last,  aficr  five  years  ab- 
sence in  Portugal,  Spain  and  America,  lost  during 
that  time  2,500  soldiers  .and  80  ofRcers.  This  is 
like  the  coblcr's  (//J awl,  that  ha,d  hatl  15  neiu  blades 
and  2  ne-w  handles. 

Stocks,  London,  Srpt:  9. — 3  per  cents  Sdh. 

It  is  said  tliat  »M.'7-a/  has  ob Lain cd  leave  to  join 
hl3  wife  in  Austria. 

The  hon.  A.  Cur^.on.  aid  to  tlie  earl  of  Moira,  had 
arrived  in  England  with  despatches  from  India,  con- 
taining official  details  of  the  w;u-  against  tlic  Ne- 
paulcso.  It  is  stud  the  governor-general  lias  found 
it  necessary  to  call  for  all  tlie  disposable  force  be- 
longing to  the  Indian  dependencies;  and  the  troops 
from  the  Cape,  Ceylon,  and  the  Lsle  of  France,  had 
been  direcved  to  reinforce  the  ;irmy  in  licngal. 

The  British  government  had  ordered  30  regi- 
ments to  be  sent,  immediately  to  India,  which  are  to 
T)e  made  1000  strong  each,  by  volunteering,  which 
is  to  be  permitted  from  those  regiments  whipli  arc 
not  ordered. 

A  London  paper  observes  that  tlie  wliolc  cf  the 
family  of  Bonaparte  appear  to  be  disposed  of:  Louis 
J3  in  Rome;  Lucicn  in  Turin;  Josepli  appears  to  be 
Switzerland,  [not  so;  he  is  here] — Jerome  with  the 
king  of  Wurtembcrg  r.nd  liis  wife;  and  Murat  with 
liis'spousein  the  Austrian  states. 

The  Chesapeake  frigate  had  been  ordered  to  Pl)-- 
mouth  to  be  paid  off. 

On  the  21st  of  August  .about  6Q  gentlemen  dined 
;it  the  Vine  Tavern,  Liverpool,  to  celebrate  there- 
turn  of  Mr.  Rrougliani  to  p:a-liamenl.  Among  the 
toasts,  the  following  was  given — 

<'Thc  Cnited  States  of  America — may  our  friend- 
fehip  be  as  lasting  as  our  interests  are  insepai-ablc." 

On  proposing  theheahhof  the  mayor — Air.  Shep- 
)iprd,  a  member  of  parliament,  made  an  enlivening 
•rpeech,  which  was  received  with  unbounded  ap- 
plause, in  the  course  of  which  Mr.  S.  observed, — 
•  ilad  his  voice  been  listened  to,  we  sliould  have 
been  saved  the  disasters  of  an  American  war;  we 
siiould  have  been  saved  the  diocomfiturc  which  our 
troops  experienced  in  the  N<irth  and  South  of  tiic 
Cnited  States,  on  Lake  Champlam  and  at  New-Or- 
jcans;  nor  would  it  have  been  a  point  ofUiscussion 
whctlier  the  Americans  could,  without  decided 
odds,  encounter  us  at  sea." 

At  the  late  assizes  of  Lincolnshire,  Eng.  William 
Chapman,  .a  sweep,  aged  17  yeai-s,  was  ch;a-ged  with 
robbing  Elizabeth  Johnson,  aged  11  yeai's,  of  tlic 
sum  of  tivo pence.  The  prisoner  acknowledged  lliat 
he  had  took  from  her  three  half-peace,  which  he  of- 
fored  to  return  to  her.     He  received  sentence  of 

death,  and  was  ordered  to  l)e  hang-ed. In  another 

eour.tv,  tv.'o  men  v.-crc  convicted  of  stealing  .and  re. 


ceiving  goods  to  a  considerable  amount — They  \v«re 
sentenced  to  be  transported  seven  years. — In  these 
judgments,  there  seems,  to  us,  to  be  a  wonderful 
disproportion  of  punishments. 

Private  letters  from  America  mention,  (says  a 
London  paper)  that  each  of  tiie  maritime  states  lias 
eng.aged  to  buihl  a  slap  of  the  line  in  the  year,  without, 
it  is  added,  taxing  tlie  people. 

General  Clai-ke,  duke  of  Feltre,  formerly  minis- 
ter of  war  to  Bonaparte,  and  since  employed  by  th.e 
king,  lias  withdrawn  from  public  business,  and  re- 
tired to  lii3  estates. 

Louis  XVIII  caused  a  proclamation  to  be  pub- 
lished, that  the  inadequacy  of  the  contribution  to 
be  raised  in  Paris  by  the'  ordinance  of  the  20th 
July,  for  the  extraordinary  expences  of  the  present 
emergency,  and  autliorising  that  city  to  impose  on 
itself,  in  addition  to  the  land-tax  of  "the  years  1805 
and  1 807,  a  further  sinn  of  2,034,000  fr.incs;  and, 
in  addition  to  the  tax  on  personal  property,  during' 
the  same  jjeriod,  a  fui-ther  sum  of  970,000  francs, 
for  the  sajnc  purpose. 

It  is  now  said  that  130,000  men,  of  the  different 
nations  of  the  allies,  except  Russia,  are  to  remain  in 
Prance,  under  Wellington,  to  support  the  authority 
of  the  beloved  Lovis!  Tlicy  are  to  be  maintained  by 
the  French.  The  allies  at  present  draw  900,000 
rations  daih"  from  the  Parisians,  which  cost  75,000^6 
(330,000  d<;ilars)  a  day. 

Stecim  frigate.' — A  London  paper  of  September  1, 
has  the  following  paragraph : — An  American  gen- 
tleman who  IS  lately  arrived  from  Xew-York,  states, 
that  there  is  just  completed  in  tliathai-bor,  a  ste.im 
frigate,  the  length  of  whicli  is  100  yards,  and 
breadth  200  feet"^  her  sides  which  arc  alternately 
composed  of  o;ik  plank  and  cork  wood,  are  23  feet 
thick.  She  carries  44  guns,  four  of  which  are  of 
very  large  bore,  the  otiier  42  pounders,  and  in  case 
of  being  Ijoarded,  she  is  eir.bled  b}-  machinery  to 
discharge  I'JO  gallons  of  boiling  water  on  her  ene- 
mies per  miiuite,  and  at  tlie  same  time  300  cutlasses 
branch  over  her  gunwales,  and  an  equal  number  of 
pikes  d.trt  out  from  her  sides! 

"Tlie  first  diviffion  of  our  Canadian  armif^  says  a 
London  paper  "amounting  to  7000  men,  has  arrived 
at  Pjiris."  Some  of  tliesc  can  give  a  good  accoimt  of 
C'tippcxa,  JMagctra,  Erie  and  l^lattsbiirg, 

The  allies  apj^car  zealously  employed  in  gather- 
ing-  up  muskets  and  other  arms  in  Fnmce. 

In  the  middle  of  September  the  oath  of  alle- 
giance to  Prussia  will  be  taken  at  Ehrenbretstein, 
for  tlie  Nassau  and  the  countries  on  the  iNIoselle. 

A  iJas/t"  paper,  of  the  7th  July,  says — "The  pas- 
sage over  the  Rhine  beg.an  June  25,  and  still  conti- 
nues. (Xj'For  six  days  the  sky  has  been  red  every 
7ught  with  tlie  fames  of  darning  villages  .'.'.'  Where 
a  single  shot  is  fired  from  them  upon  the  allies,  alt 
is  le~,rlled  icith  the  ground  .'.'.'" 

The  allies,  shortly  after  their  entrance  into  Fivance, 
thus  describe  their  own  movements — "We  entered 
Alsace  }esterday,  (June  26)  and  the  very  frst  step 
xve  have  been  obliged  to  make  examples  ;  it  is  the  only 
moans  of  keeping  do-rn  the  inltabitants,  who  are,  in 
genera],  animated  with  a  very  bau  spiuit." 

(jj'Let  the  people  recollect  how  the  French  in 
Spain  were  spoken  of  for  doing  less  th.an  these  in 
tliat  country.  Tiie  .Spaninrds  who  shot  the  French- 
?;>en  invading  their  country,were  "patriots" — i)ut  tlie 
French  who  shoot  or  resist  the  hordes  of  Russiiujs, 
&c.  ?cc.  invading  Fj-ance,  are  rebels  !  Here  is  "legi- 
timate" consistency  and  honor  ! 

The  commandant  of  llunigucn  liad  lioistcd  the 
red  flag  by  the  side  of  tJic  trj-colorcd, — the  f>^i\.t 
thing  v.-as  done  at  13efvrt. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


16tT 


S-hc  subsidies  paid  by  Great  Britain  to  the  respec- 
;  European  powers,  &c.  within  the  last  21  years, 


tive .    -  _  .  _         , 

viz.  from  the  year  1793  to  the  end  of  1814,  amount 
to  the  sum  of'/.46,289,416  9*.  2  l-3rf. 

All  the  furniture  of  the    chateau    Marfontame, 


which  belong-ed  to  Joseph  Bonaparte,  has  been  sold       «i.  The  integi-ity  of  France  confirmed  according 


by  an  order  of  tlie  allied  autliorities. 

Austria  has  ordered  a  lur^  levy  of  80,000  and  Prus- 
sia of  30,000  men.  Wliat  is  to  be  donei'  Large  bodies 
of  troops  are  moving  towards  France.  None  have 
yet  left  it. 

Orders  have  been  received  at  riymouthto  fit  out 
15  brigs  of  war  as  packets.  Five  of  thiise  are  to  run 
between  St.  Helena  and  the  Cape,  and  the  remainder 
to  the  eastward  of  the  Cape.  Tiiese  orders  had  been 
executed  for  some  time.  Tlie  briijs  will  be  com- 
manded by  king's  officers,  and  will  be  in  :;11  respects 
under  the  conti-ol  of  the  admiralty. 

British  army,  July  1815— The  estimates  of  the  ar- 
my services,  for  1815,  liave  just  been  published,  in 
obedience  to  an  order  of  the  house  of  conunons. — 


Bo7'cleanx,  12lh  Sept.  Extract  of  a  letter:  ''Here 
are  the  articles  of  a  treaty  said  to  be  concluded  be- 
tween Louis  XVIII.  and  tl\e  allies,  «« they  are  called; 
which,  letters  from  Paris  say,  are  not  to  be  publish- 
ed until  the  opening  of  the  legislature. 


to  tlie  treaty  of  Paris. 

"2.  Tlie  fortified  places,  except  Strasburg,  IMetz, 
Lille  and  Besancon,  to  be  garrisoned  by  the  allies. 

"3.  A  conUibution  of  six  hundred  millions,  of 
M'hich  two  hundred  millions  to  the  English,  and  the 
remainder  to  the  other  allies. 

"4.  50,000  Prussians,  15.000  English,  50,000  Aus- 
trians,  15,000  Russians,  together  130,000  men,  to  re- 
main in  France  until  the  contributions  iu-e  paid — the 
remainder  to  march  off  on  tlie  1st  of  October. 

"It  is  said  the  sovereigns  of  the  allies  are  to  leave 
France  on  the  15th  of  this  montli. 

"The  people  of  France  begin  to  think  the  allies 
intend  to  spend  tlie  winter  here.  It  is  natural  enough 
to  suppose  that  the  Uussians  would  prefer  remam- 


effects  of  British  gold,  and  the  disunion  which  i*: 
has  too  successfully  produced." 


The  total  ainount  of  land  forces,  including  the  rcgi-  ing  in  France  to  returning  home  in  the  approaching 
ments    in    the    East  India  company's  territory,    is  i  season.     Unhappy,  wretched  France,  these  are  the 
376,221.     The  total  charge,  Z.14,89ci,457  3s.  6rf.— of 
which /.7,917,387  5s.  remamstobe  provided  for. 

State  of  the  country  before  tfse  French  -war.  In  de- 
tailing the  budget  in  1787,  Mr.  Pitt  was  glad  there 
was  no  occasion  to  biu-den  the  country  witli  new 
taxes.  He  stated  that  the  current  expences  of  the 
year,  independent  of  the  interest  of  the  national 
debt,  would  amount  to  6,775,000/.  and  that  tlie  in- 
come was  6,790,000/.  It  was  evident  therefore,  the 
income  bring  superior  by  15,000/.  to  tlie  expences 
there  was  not  the  least  necessity  to  levy  any  new 
taxes.  The  national  debt  is  now  1000  millions  ; 
its  interest  alone  exceeds  45  millions,  other  expen- 
ces thi^  year  are  above  90  millions  !  ! !  If  the  wealth 
of  En;;-land  berated  by  the  amount  raised  upon  the 
people  in  taxes,  she  must  be  a  most  tlom-isiiing  coun- 
try.  Dublin  paper. 


The  Irish  Catholic  Bishops  met  in  Dublin  on  the 
2od  and  24th  inst.  and  agreed  to  a  series  of  resolu- 
tions against  tlie  Veto.  In  these  resolutions,  which 
it  is  said  were  unanimously  adopted,  they  declare  it 
to  be  their  "decided  and  conscientious  conviction, 
that  any  power  granted  to  the  crown  of  Great  Bri- 
tain of  interfering,  directly  or  indirectl}',  in  the  ap- 
pointment of  bishops  for  the  Roman  Catholic  church 
in  Ireland,  must  essentiall}'  injure  and  may  eventu- 
ally subvert  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  in  this 
country." 

It  is  estimated  that  no  less  than  300,000  Prus- 
.eiaim  are  in  France! 

The  black  troops.  Sepoys  and  Lascars  of  all  arms, 
now  in  the  pay  of  the  East  India  Company,  are  sta- 
ted to  amount  to  150,000  men.  Miserable  wretch- 
es, that  are  made  tlie  means  of  their  own  deb:ise- 
ment. 

Several  towns  of  France  appear  yet  to  hold  oiit. 
The  «///(?*■  were  bombarding  some  of  them.. 

The  French  representative  chambers  were  to 
meet  on  the  25tli  September, 

lionrbon  blessings. — A  French  ship  with  515  slaves 
and  a  quantity  of  gold  dust  and  elephants'  teetlx 
onboard,  bound  to  Guadaloupe,  has  been  sent  into 
Antigua  by  the  Barbadoes  brig. 

A  London  jjaper  advertises  a  third  edition  (price 
6s.)  "Of  an  exposition  of  the  causes  and  character 
cf  the  late  war  between  Great  Bricain  and  the  Uni- 
ted States — piibusheil  by  authority  of  tli-z  Anu-nQaii  i^o- 
vcnimciit.  Of  which  upwards  of  one  million  of  cc^ 
pies  have  been  published  in  America. 


CHROiSICLE. 

The  British  in  Canada,  &c. — Captains  O'Connof 
and  Owen,    with  several    secretaries,  lieutenants, 
midshipi-nen,  ccc.  &c.  have  recently  proceeded   up 
lake  Ontario  in  the  Wolfe  frigate,  to  make  an  accu- 
rate survey  of  all  the  lakes.     General  Murray,   with 
10,000  men,  is  to  be  sent  ftx)m  England,  in  addition 
to  the  present  force  in  Canada     This,  it  seems,  will 
make  the  whole  force  about  t-^venty-three  thousand 
regular  troops.     Seven  thousand  Scotch  families  are 
expected  to  settle  the  crown  lands  in  Upper  Canada. 
These  emiigrations  appear  to  be  in  some  measure/orc- 
ed,  to  strengthen  the  British  arm  in  America,  and 
to  aiTord  room  at  home  for  "raising  more  sheep  !" 
It  would  also  appear  that  their  fleet  on  Lake   0/ita- 
Ho  is  to  be  kept  up,  and  tliat  several  vessels  are  to 
be  built  on  the  upper  lakes.     Many  cannon  have  re- 
cently arrived  at  the  Isle  au  Noix  [Champlain]  and 
its  fortifications  are  to  be  greatly   extended;  for 
which  purpose  they  have  already  chartered  several 
American  vessels  on  the  lake,  to  bring  stone,  &.c.  in 
tlie  spring — and  it  seems  as  if  they  were  also  about 
t«  build  °  omc  vessels  there.     But— major-general 
Brown  has  fixed  upon  Rouse's  Point  for  the  erection 
of  a  mllitarv  post  and  fortification — which,  it  is  said, 
will  eiicctuailv  prevent  any  vessel  from  entering  the 
lake,  without  leave;  and,  we  hope  it  will  be  imme- 
diately placed  in  a  proper    sUite  lor  the  purpose. 
Thanks  to  Macdonough,  we  have  cannon  enough  near 
the  spot.     The  British  call  their  procecdmgs  prei^ 
cautionary  measures.     They  may  be  so— but  they  are 
upon  a  ssale  that  is  calculated  to  keep  us  upon  the 
look  out. 

iX^iVe  have  also  reason  to  believe  that  British  off!-- 
ceru  are  noiv  in  the  tnoat  of  our  seaports,  making  map..' 
of  tlieiK  and  the  places  adjacent.  "'I'uK  bangek  is 
SOT  OVER."  Our  congress  has  econo-ni:ed  too  much. 
Let  them  look  to  it  in  time.  "An  run'je  of,  preven- 
tion is  wortli  a  pound  of  cure,"  sajs  the  homely 
TH-overb.      Let  the  army  he   got  back   to  what  it 


UUl 


■-ht  to  have  b'ien,  instead  of  its  present  force- 


and  let  the  navy  be  cherished  and  increased. 

••  The  Spanish  Patriots:'     Our  intelligence,  in  gc 
neral,  from  Mexico  and  South  America  is  cheering. 
A  r,f)wcrfi'l  fwrcc  of  tiie  «'i.rsui-pcr"  ha-i  bceix  iu  tl:v 


]70    ^^ILE«'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  i,  181^. 


neighborhood  of  Cartliajena  for  a  consifler:i.ble  time, 
but  appears  to  have  made  no  imprcsaion  either  on 
the  place  or  on  tiie  fe-rs  of  tlie  people,  e^try  one 
of  whom  was  a  soldier,  :>\\\  of  enthusiasm,  and  pant- 
ing- to  punish  the  slaves  sent  to  deprive  them  of 
their  freedom.  Their  rallying'  words  are,  "united  we 
stand,  divided  we  fall."  Patriotic  donations  for 
works  of  defence  are  very  liberal ;  some  g'iving-  as 
hig'h  as  20,000  dollars  each.  Popa  is  to  have  a  pa- 
tvio'ic  garrison  of  8,000  men.  It  is  understood  that 
gen.  Palocos  has  defeated  the  invaders  at  Mompoz. 
At  Cartliafend  there  are  some  brave  spiiits  from 
the  United  Statss,  aiding  and  assisting-  in  the  cause 
of  liberty. 

The  patriots  have  obtained  very  Important  ad- 
vantages over  the  royal  and  tory  forces  about  the 
ri\'er  Oronoco,  which  opens  a  valuable  channel  of 
c-ommunlcaticm  witli  the  provinces  of  the  interior, 
and  they  now  command  it.  The  capital  of  Gnuana, 
(.Vngustura)  is  in  theii"  possession,  as,  indeed,  near- 
ly the  whule  country  appears  to  be.  May  they  keep 
h  ! 

Of  the  proceedings  in  JMpxico  we  are  not  very 
lately  in.for.med.  The  "supreme  congress"  was  to 
k^ve  been  in  session  in  August  last.  May  it  have 
wisdom  and  strength  to  wrest  anot'ier  empire  from 
tiie  shackles  of  a  tyrant ;  and  raise  up  a  new  go- 
vtii-nment  v/herein  the  rig-Jits  of  man  shall  be  re- 
spected 1 

It  is  understood  tluit  tiie  Bumos  Ayrean  patriots 
are  in  possession  of  a  vast  district  of  rich  conniry. 
Tue  republican  army  is  very  ]3owerful,  and  they 
have  a  considerable  tieet,  under  an  admiral  or  com- 
modore named  Brown,  from  the  United  States.  It 
is  hitely  said  that  they  liave  entirely  captured  or 
destroyed  the  tory  fleet  that  rendezvoused  at  Mon- 
tevideo. They  have  a  well  establibhed  and  a  libe- 
ral government. 

P'rom  Peru  and  Chili  we  have  not  any  ver}'  late 
intelligence.  But  we  believe  the  good  cause  pros- 
pers in  tliese  countries. 

It  is  astonishing  how  indifferent  tlie  great  body  of 
the  people  of  the  United  States  appear   as  to    tlie 


join  the  following  statement,  formed  on  the  best 
mercantile  inf irniaion,  and  on  some  official  data.' 
Channel  trad"  from  Great  Britiiin  and  the  West  India 

Talanil's  to  Shanish  America. 
From  the  ports  of  Great  liritr.in  direct  to 

Buenos  Ayres         ....       «59,OO0,OO0 
To  the  coast  of  Chili  and  Peru  direct,  and 

through  South  Sea  whrders  -  5,500,000 

To  "Venezuela   and   Cumana,  from  Great 

Britain  and  \\  est  India  Islands         -         4,500,000 
The  provinces  of  Santw  Fe,  principally  from 

Jamaica,  Curacoa  and  St.  Thomas  5,000,000 

To    Porto  Bello,  and   over  the  Isthmus  of 

Panama   for  the  consvsnip'.ion  to  Higher 

and  Lower  Peru,  Guayaquil,  &c.       -        8,500,000 
To  Nicaragua,  Tampico,  and  contraband  to 

New  Spain  -  -  .  5,000,000 

To  Islands  of  Cuba,   Ilispaniola,    Puerto 

Rico,  Margarita;  &c.  -  -  5,000,000 


Dolls.  42,000,000 
This  ig,  accurately  as  can  be  ascertained,  the 
ainaunt  of  our  past  trade,  and  double  wliat  the 
American  prints  suppose.  Mexico  here  comes  in 
for  a  small  proportion,  owing  to  the  wars;  ttiougii  by 
far  tlie  most  populous  countrv.  Humboldt  stiitesy 
Spanish  Americ;;,  when  subject  to  Spain,  to  have  con- 
sumed annually  ninety-five  and  a  half  millions  of  dol- 
lars of  European  imports;  in  that  scale  Buenos  \yres 
is  only  rated  at  three  millions,  and  she  now  con- 
sumes nine  from  England  alone,  of  which  amount 
the  port  of  London  has  sent  yearly  500,0001.  stei-- 
ling.  Sixtv  f(Hir  Biiush  vessels  have  been  seen 
riding  triumphantly  in  the  river  Plate  at  one 
time,  and  the  amount  of  property  belonging  to  our 
merci'.antb  at  present  in  tli.it  section  alone,  is  not 
less  than  1,800,0001,  sterling,  independent  of  that 
of  Bi'itish  subjects  resident  there,  which  reaches 
25J,UJ01.  sterling  more. 

Humboldt  states  the  yearly  consumption  of  New 
Sjxun  or  Mexico  -to  be  25  millions  of  dollars,  yet 
not  more  than  one-sixth  of  the  people  use  European 
goods.     Wiiat  would  not  this  be  if  it  were  open. 


events  in  these  extensive  regions.  This  may  partly  I  when  the  increase  of  Buenos  Ayres  has  been  so 
arise  from  our  ignorance  of  their  real  siiuatioii  and  |  great  >'  The  best  criterion  of  our  trade  to  Spanish 
of  what  is  going  on.  It  is  strange  that  tlie  feelings  America  is,  however,  the  follovv-ing  fact :— In  1805, 
of  the  nation  should  have  been  so  excised  for  the  20  millions  sterling  were  exported  to  North  Ame- 
rica alone,  and  three  o;i!y  to  the  other  parts  of  the 
VVestei'u  world.  In  a  subsequent  year,  wiien  our 
intercourse  with  the  United  States  v.'as  interrupted, 
we  shiiiped  there  only  five  millions  sterling,  and  18 
milii(ins  to  Spanish  America  and  West  Indies;  so 
that  of  the  2i)  millions  sent  to  the  United  States 
in  1895,  thirteen  at  least  must  have  gone  to  Spa- 
nish America.  In  1809,  7  millions  sterling  were 
exported  to  North  America,  and  19  to  Spanish 
settlements  and  West  Indies;  and  in  1810;  cJur  total 
exports  westward  reached  28  millions. — In  the  pre- 
sent unsettled  state  of  that  comitry,  our  trade  has 
been  immense,  as  may  be  seen  by  Walton's  Expose 
on  the  dissentions  ofSpanish  .\merica;  yei  the  whole, 
is  lost  to  us  the  moment  Spanish  power  is  again 
affianced  there,  if  that  were  possible;  or  as  soon  as 
Xorth  Amtrrican  enterprlze  gets  inio  full  play.  Is 
not  this  a  question  on  wiiicii  Briiisu  ministers  and 
lUerchants  ouglit  to  ponder  while  it  is  yet  time  ^ 
Af.er  we  have  iinislied  our  work  \\\  Europe,  is  it  not 
time  to  lool:  across  the  Atlantic  .'' 


"deliverance"  of  old  Spain  from  Bon:q3ar'.e,  wlien 
so  little  interest  'm  excii.ed  tor  the  real  deliverance 
of  the  new  world  from  the  dominion  of  a  knave,  fool 
a,nd  bigot.  The  freedom  of  Ateaico  alone,  is,  in- 
deed, fifiy  times  moic  imjiortant  to  the  United 
States  th.in  the  rescue  tn  Sp.iii  from  th.e  hands  of 
K.'ipoicou  vv'as,  in  a  coniniercicd  point  of  view,  inde- 
pendent of  those  desires  which,  as  repubiictus,  we 
oug'lit  to  have  for  its  emancipation;  and  1  seriously 
wisii  that  circumstances  were  such  thac  we  could 
give  them  a  helping  hand.  Peiish  the  "leq-iti, nates," 

live  the  fieopk,  say  I fjp  Vfpuhliai;  do~wn  royalty. 

Tiie  foilov/ing-  article  will  shew  the  import. .nee  of 
of  the  countries  s])o!cen  of,  as  places  of  commerce: 

FaON   THr;   LOKilOX  ]ttOa.VI>fG   CKROMtiLE. 

Tiie  contents  of  the  late  North  American  papers 
amply  prove,  that  there  the  same  indifference  dies 
not  remain  with  regard  to  the  fate  of  Spanish  Ameri- 
ca, as  in  J'ngland.  Hints  are  frequently  thrown  out 
respecting-  the  magnitude  anil  gains  of  trade  we 
have  been  carrying  on  for  sonxe  ye.u's,  which  shew 
that  the  Americans  will  also  now  do  evci-y  thing  to 
partake  of  it.  Tiie  extract,  however,  from  a  Piii- 
jade;piii;L  paper  rtspcctliig  the  amount  of  our  past 
ti-acle  there,  and  copied  into  most  of  our  own  })a- 
pers  within   these   izw  days,  is  founded    in   erroi' 


and  «onsequently,  it  mvtsi  n^ot  be  improper  to  sub-[  is  at  length  rendered  practiccible  for  boats  to  con 


JI'ijnifc-!il  Ltul'din^. — The  people  m  the  city  of 
X'ew-York  are  congratulating  themselves  that  tlieir 
Ci"y  Mallj  just  iiniihed,  will  cost  only  ^538,000. 

Canal. —  T.ie  long-iabored  Washlngion  City  canal 


FILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-CHRO>'ICLE. 


171 


\^  loads  from  the  Eastern  Branch  to  the  Potomac, 
and  vice  versa,  and  the  citizens  now  begin  to  ex- 
jieriejice  the  advantages  of  it. 

Teleg-raf'hs. — The  corporation  of  New-York  has 
d-eterniined  to  erect  a  line  of  telegraphs  from  that 
city  to  the  highlands  below  Sandy  Hook. 

Tel^qraph  time.— A  telegraphic  rnessag-e  may  be 
sent  from  London  to  Portsmouth,  and  an  answer  to 
it  received  in  town  in  thre«  quarters  of  a  minute.  A 
telegraphic  messag-<?  may  be  sent  from  London  to 
Plymouth,  and  an'answer  to  it  received  in  town  in 
one  minute  and  tliree  quarters. 

Metho/ii.^ts. — London,  September  1. — At  the  an- 
nual conferfc!ice  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodists,  held 
at  Manchester,  it  appeared  that  the  number  of  per- 
sons in  tlie  cojinexion  amounted  to  nearly  one  hun- 
dred and  ninety  thousand  ! 

Admiral  Co[fin,  sir  Jumes  Robinson,  tlie  earl  of 
Selkirk  and  several  15ri' ish  olhcers  are  now  in  New- 
York  ;  which  is  also  visited  at  this  time  by  maiiy 
other  strangers  of  distinction. 
.  {^Ix.  is  hoped,  out  oi  courtesy  to  these  distinguish- 
ed persons,  they  may  be  invi',  ed  to  visit  all  tlie  forts, 
examine  tlie  steam-frigate,  &c.  Jcctliat  they  may  be 
able  to  give  ::n  accui-ate  account  of  them  to  their 
eovemment;  wliose  standing-  direction  it  is,  in  war 
or  peace,  that  their  officers  should  take  plans  of 
places  and  gain  intelligence  of  iheir  works  and  means 
of  defence. 

The  W£.?t. — ^Yew-York,  October  27. — The  sale  of 
64,000  acres  of  Genessee  lands,  which  yesterday 
took  place  at  the  coflee-house,  was  attentled  b)- 
many  of  the  most  opulent  land-holdei's  in  tliat  pari 
of  the  state,  as  well  as  by  many  capitalists  in  this 
citv.  We  understand,  that  some  of  these  lands  sold 
■-^s  "high  as  oS^  dollars  an  acre,  and  none  lower  than 
two  dollars. 

Population  of  Indiana — Tlie  Western  Eagle  makes 
the  aggi-egate  of  tlie  several  counties  of  tjie  territory 
of  Indiana  amount  to  68,084  smils  !  No  doubt,  the 
people  will  soon  claim  the  right  of  being  admitted 
as  a  state.  Their  number  of  free  persons  are  alrea- 
dy nearl}'  or  quite  equal  to  that  of  some  of  tlie  old 
states,  and  in  a  very  few  years  more,  it  wi',1  proba- 
bly equal  those  of  Uhode-hland  and  Dela-ware  uni'ied. 
Tiie  emigrations  to  this  territory  are  exceedingly 
great. 

Connecticut. — The  present  state  of  parties  may  be 
seen  in  the  following  vote  for  assistants — highest  fed. 


the  Piiiladelphia  papers,  that  RedhefFer,  who  was 
treated  as  an  imposter  some  time  ago,  has  ste.dihv 
and  in  retirement,  pursued  his  object,  ami  actually 
discovered  tlie  perpetvul  motio:,;  as  it  is  said  will 
clearly  be  shewn  u  little  wliiie  hence. 

Steasi  XAViGATioy.  Ferdinand  Fairf;^,  Esq.  has 
published  at  the  cily  of  W..sliington,  a  notifkation 
iliat  tile  oldest  patent  right  for  steam  boat  naviga- 
tion is  vested  in  him,  under  Pilch's  invention  and  ex- 
pei'iraents. 

TifTHEs.  Extract  from  the  epistle  of  the  Quak- 
ers at  Loudon,  in  June  last: 

"Accounts  of  the  sufferings  of  our  members,  chief- 
ly foi"  tythes  and  other  ecclesiastical  demands,  and 
Tur  claims  of  a  military  nature,  to  the  amount  of 
15,7271.  have  been  reported;"  this  is  equal  to  70,287 
dollar.i.  These  exactions  have  gi-eatly  ir.creasc  J 
vkitiiin  tliese  few  years. 

A'e-urspapers. — The  stamp  on  newspapers  in  Eng- 
land co-its  4J.  a  sheet.  Tlie  price,  per  annum,  jiaid 
by  a  subscriber  for  a  newspaper  daily,  is  g40  75 — 
of  which  the  government  receives  ^23  18.  We 
should  have  few  s-ubscribers  at  this  rate  in  the  United 
States. 

Tlie  Capital ari,nng from  its  nshes — The  new  build- 
ing on  Capitol-liill,  preparing  for  the  accommodation 
of  congress,  is  in  such  a  state  of  forwardness,  that 
it  is  expected  to  be  finished  early  in  November. — 
The  spacious  room  for  tlie  house  of  representatives 
has  been  finished  for  several  weeks.  The  senate 
room  has  been  plaistered  for  some  time,  and  will 
require  bxit  a  week  or  two  more  to  be  compietely 
dry  and  ready  for  the  reception  of  that  body.  Much 
credit  is  due  to  tiie  spirit  and  enterprise  of  those 
who  have  erected  this  building  hi  so  short  a  period. 
As  several  new  iiouses  are  erecting  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, tmd  old  ones  fitting  up,  congress  will,  pro- 
bably, be  better  accommodated  the  ensuing  winter, 
than  tliey  have  ever  been  in  the  city  of  Washington. 
In  a  short  period,  the  capitol,  president's  house, 
and  executive  offices,  will  be  rebuilt  with  addilion- 
al  splendor.  It  is  hoped  that  the  navy  y:ird,  which 
has  already  undergone  considerable"  repairs,  will 
soon  resume  its  former  standing.  'I'he  loss  of  the 
extensive  and  valuable  library,  which  congress  had 
with  so  much  care  been  collecting  for  many  years, 
has  been  repaired  by  tlie  purchase  from  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son.  The  bridges  that  were  bttrnt  have  been  re 
built,  and  every  trace  of  the  fire-brands  of  a  barbar- 
ous foe  will  soon  be  eff:i,ced.     Tiiis  shows  how  vain 


9008— highest  rep.  4263. 

Gov.    Gidusha,    of  Vermont,   was    escorted   into  lis  the  attempt  to  break  the  spirit,  or  to  cramp  the 

Montpelier,  by   a   procession  of  the  people    more  energy,  of  a  free   people.     They  ri-.e  with  elastic 

sjii-ing  from  every  eiibitwf  this  kind. — Jsat.  Intel. 

^  Unprecedented  pJieriotner,on. — Vv'e  have  conversed 
with  several  gentlemen,  of  tmdoubted  vei-acity,  froni 
the  county  of  Ulster,  in  this  state,  who  all  agreed 
hi  the  foilov.iag  very  extraordinary  relation  : 

That  they  have  co/iver^ed  with"  sereral  credible 
persons  from  Marbletown,  in  that  courrty,  and  they 
mcr.tioned  the  nante.,  of  persons  well  kiiov/n  to  the 
editor  of  tiiis  paper  ;  and  these  persons  assert,  and 
declare  themselves  ready  to  make  oath,  that  the 
stones  lying  iii  two  fields  there,  on  several  succes- 
sive days,  rose  from  the  grotmd  to  the  height  of 
three  and  four  feet,  and  moved  along,  slowly  aiitl 
horizontally,  f  om  thirty  to  sixty  feet ;  and  that  a 
few^ of  them  even  mounted  over  the  tops  of  trees  ! 
TJiat  the  persons,  wl)0  first  beheld  these  astonish-- 
ing  peiformanoes,  '.■.ere  disbelieved  by  the  neigh- 
borhoinl  ;  but  that  all  those,  who  cani-e  to  sec  if  there 
Was  any  truth  in  the  accounts,  are  prepared  to  swc^i; 
to  thcin.  Tiie  last  performance  was  iii  an  open  lleid 
wiiiioi-.t  WQod  or  ccver  ne-ar  it. 


than  a  mile  long,  wearing  in  their  hats  sprigs  of 
ever-green,  the  ancient  badge  of  the  moimtain- 
boys. 

G.  U'.  Campbell,  esq.  late  secretary  of  the  trea- 
sury, and  colonel  John  Williams  were,  on  the  lOtli 
inst.  elected  by  the  legislature  of  Tennessee  to  re- 
present that  state  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States. 

Jlahhn    iJickerson,  Esq.    (rep.)  has    been    unaiii 
mously  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey. 

A  steam  boat  has  been  very  successfully  employed 
ill  towing  large  vessels  up  the  Mississippi  Xo  J^'eiu- 
Orleans,  at  the  rate  of  two  miles  an  hour,  against 
the  current  and  wind.  How  great  an  object  is  ac- 
complished in  this  !  Ships  from  the  sea  may  he  tow- 
ed to  Orleans  in  two  or  three  days,  instead  of  being 
weeks  employed  in  getting  up,  as  is  sometimes  the 
Case. 

A  new  steam-brjat  has  been  launclied  at  JMontreal, 
of  500  tons  burihen.  This  is  the  tiii.-d  vessel  to  ply 
between  th.at  city  :aid  Qi'f/.-rc. 

PiurETUAL  :vruTiO\-.     it  is  grtively   insintiated  in 


172     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATIJRD AY,  N3VEMBER  i,  ISli 


AVe  undevstand  tliat  a  .gentleman  from  Kingston 
has  taken  means  to  have  every  circumstance  accu- 
j-atcly  verified  by  ailidavits  ;  which  will  probably  be 
laid  before  the  public,  in  a  week  or  two. 

[jYeiu-Tork  Courier. 

The  above  facts  huve  been  substantially  stated  to 
the  editor  of  tlie  Avj^us,  by  {gentlemen  from  Ulster, 
in  whose  veracity  implicit  confidence  may  be  repos- 
ed. Wiien  relating-  the  circumstances  to  a  gentle- 
man of  this  citv,  he  stated  tliat  an  occiu'rence  equally 
marvellous  and  very  similar,  took  place  in  the  early 
settlement  of  Albany,  at  the  cotner  of  Markct-st. 
and  Mnrk-lane  ;  and  that  the  police  established  a 
guard  to  dissover  the  cause,  but  without  cflect. 

.  [Albany  Argus. 

\j.KTtr,-t  WThv..— Cincinnati,  Oct.  4—1  was  present- 
ed  with  art  apple,  called  pound  pipen,  of  an  enor- 
mous size,  from  judge  Wood,  which  gi-ew  on  the 
Ore;it  Miami.  The  apple  weiijhs  twenty-two  ounces, 
is  fifteen  inches  in  circumference  each  way,  and  five 
inches  in  diameter,  and  of  an  excellent  quality. 

JoHiV  S.  GaNO. 

St.  Louis,  Sept.  30.  We  learn  that  the  commis- 
aJowers  appointed  to  treat  witli  the  Indians  of  the 
Mississippi,  will  close  their  labors  without  a  pros- 
pect  of  effecting'  a  negociation  with  the  9:ics  of 
Rock  river,  and  tlieir  aUies,  the  Whiibagoes,  Falsa- 
voinc,  Kickapoos,  &c.  &c.  It  is  said,  that  a  fort 
will  be  immediately  erected  near  the  river  De.smeiii, 
preparatory  to  further  operations  in  the  spring,  and 
that  fort  Osage  will  also  be  prepared  for  the  re- 
ception of  a  company  of  regular  troop^-. 

jVenc-lMiulon,  Oct.  4. — Phenomena  vf  the  storm. — 
The  brooks  whicli  run  through  this  place  continue 
to  be  brackish.  Some  wells  in  the  coimtry,  wliich 
afforded  excellent  water,  have  become  brackish.  It 
is  stated  by  persons  of  veracity,  that  several  wells 
in  this  place  which  had  plenty  of  water  previottsly, 
were  nearly  dry  while  the  tempest  raged. 

It  is  supposed  by  many  persons  in  the  city,  that 
there  was  a  shock  of  an  earthquake  during  the 
storm: 

Near  ^Iv.  Ilaitghton's  tavern,  Montvillc,  seven 
miles  from  this  place,  is  a  bridge  of  a  single  arcli, 
Iniilt  of  heavy  stone  over  a  small  run  of  water.  In 
the  storm,  one  side  of  the  bridge  gave  way,  not 
fl-om  the  effect  of  water,  there  being  very  little, 
and  what  is  very  extraordinary,  a  stone  weighing 
several  tons  was  driven  up  the  stream  a  rod  in  a 
direct  line. 

Such  was  the  violence  of  the  storm,  that  the  large 
fishing  rocks  at  Point  Jiuii'.ii  -.verc  removed  from  the 
beds,  in  wliich  nature,  perhaps,  planted  them. 

3ntim finances.  Among  other  schemes  to  rai.?e 
money,  the  British  ministry  proposed  an  additional 
tax  on  news-papers.  Tiie  mere  mention  of  such  a 
thing  caused  the  discontinuance  of  several  weekly 
joitrnals  tliat  had  already  paid  as  mticli  as  tliey 
could  beru'.  Th^  project  was  abandoned,  for  it  was 
found  that  it  would  essentially  impair,  instead  of 
increase  the  public  revenue.  The  discontinuance 
of  the  lowest  weekly  paper  would  have  causcil  a 
loss  to  the  revenue  of  6UG  pounds  sterling  per  an- 
imm,  and  that  of  a  daily  paper  about  4,000  pounds. 

Jndustrt/.  Most  of  our  readers  will  re  ollect  the 
story  of  the  (juizzical  ya.\\kcQ  that  boarded  tlie  lla- 
millies,  to  know  of  captain  Hardy  w  lien  he  would 
bombard  Stonlngtmi  again,  so  that  he  might  have  his 

carts  ready  to  carry  olf  the  iron  ! and  ;dso  how 

that  the  industrious  people  of  the  vicinity  of  tliat 
place  have  collected  many  tons  of  that  metal  tlirown 
over  board  from  the  Despatch,  &.c.  in  her  luu  ry  to 
g'et  way  from  the  battery  of  two  g^ms,  8cc.     A  \:iU 


.Ve~,v-Yorh  paper  has   the  following  notice  of  the 
continued  industry  of  this  people  : 

"Five  tons  of  iron  were  lately  taken  up,  by  aid  of 
a  di'.  ing  bell,  near  Montauk,  from  the  ballast  of  the 
Culloden,  an  English  74^  sunk  there  during  the  f  e- 
V(jlutionary  war." 

Lint  of  the  navi/  of  Siveflen.  Charles  XIII.  80  ; 
Gustavus  the  Great,  74 ;  Gustavus  the  Third,  74 ; 
King  Adolphus  Frederick,  74;  Fathersland,  74; 
liussian  Prince,  74  ;  Caution,  74  :  Honor,  64  ;  Cou- 
rageous, 64  i  Manful,  64  ;  Prince  Frederick  Adol- 
piius,  64  ;  Fortitude,  64  ;  Warrior,  50  ;  (ialater,  38; 
Cliapman,  38  ;  Eurydice,  38  ;  Camilla,  38  ;  Venus, 
38  ;  Tlietis,  38  ;  and  Fearnought,  22. 

Jiritiish  JmHcv. — It  appears  that  the  circulation  of 
the  Aliagara  Journal,  an  ably  conducted  newspaper 
published  at  Buff'do,  N.  Y.  is  prohibited  to  the  peo- 
ple of  Upper  Caiiada — but,  that  the  Gazette,  issued 
from  the  .same  village,  is  freely  received.  It  is  un- 
necessary further  to  designate  the  political  charac- 
ter of  the  two  papers.  The  IVeekhj  Register  has 
recently  received  one  subscription  from  Kingston — 
we  sjiall  see  if  it  continues. 

l-'hiladelphia,  Oct.  3. — There  have  been  visited  at 
tlie  Laz.u-etto  diuing  tlie  late  quarantine  term, 

440  vessels 
Of  the  whole  number  there  were  coas- 
ters 194 
There  were  detained  at  the  quarantine 
stations  40 


In  the  hospital  there  were  53  patients 

The  number  of  deaths  was  10 

Discharged,  cured  43 

The  patients  came  in  vessels  from  the  following' 

places  : — 

From  Sav;mnah,  Geo.  27 

New-Orleans,  16 

Cliarleston,  S.  C.  1 

Kingston,  Jam.  "                 3 

St.  Domingo,  3 

St.  Jago  de  Cuba,  I 

Relonging  to  the  Lazaretto,  2 

Total  53 

The  Slave  trade  still  goes  ori,  after  all  the  vigi-' 
lance  promised  against  it.  It  is  said  that  several 
cargoes  of  slaves  had  reached  Cuba  l.itcly.  Mr. 
Cuffec  has  employed  a  colony  to  go  witli  him  to  tlie 
.Vfrican  coast.  Free  settlements  will  be  the  most 
enlightened  policy  which  they  who  sincerely  wish 
an  end  to  slavery  can  adopt. — Salem  Register. 

Among  the  passengers  in  the  AV'ade  Hampton^ 
(arrived  at  New-York)  are  mnjor  Heriot,  U.  S.  ar" 
my,  Mr.  Wade,  and  captain  Tryrand,  who  "in  con- 
sequence of  barbarous  treatment  from  our  late  encmy^ 
has  lost  the  use  of  his  limbs." 

CCjf'The  Peacock  has  arrived  at  New  Yoi'k — see 
"war   events,"  page  162. 


Qj^Intcnding  immediately  to  commence  the  pub^ 
lication  of  several  very  long  and  very  interesting 
articles,  we  have  freely  used  the  pages  of  this  num- 
ber to  dispose  of  many  scraps  and  things,  worthy  of 
notice  and  preservation,  that  were  in  our  way.  For 
some  time  to  come  we  shall  probably  give  an  account 
of  passing  European  events  much  less  detail  thart 
we  have  (lone,  to  afford  room  for  other  things  more 
important.  The  fate  of  France  seems  nearly  fixed 
\\i' i\.  new  explosion  docs  not  take  place)  and  there 
is  little  happeiiing  tliere  to  interest  the  fiiend  of 


*;cedom — all 


becomi'ig  d; 


••kne;S  :m;l  dc-spotisqi. 


I  m    .  ■      ' 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTE^?.. 


No.  11   ov  Vox.  IX.]       BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  1815.         [wholk  xo.  219. 


Hac  olim  meminisse  juvaldt. —Yihgil. 


PIUXTKD  AND   PU  V  LIStlKI)    BY   H.   NILF.S,   NO.   29,   KOUTH   C  ALVERT-STHEKT,   AT  §5   FIHl   ANVUX. 


To  Mr.  Cobbett, 

Proprietor  of  the  IVeeJdy  Political  Register, 
London. 

ITj'This  letter  is  divided  into  two  parts.  The  first, 
presented  to-day,  consists  chictly  of  p^eneral  re- 
marks oil  men  and  thiiis^s.  Tlie  s'ccond,  wliicli  is 
liot  vet  fully  prepared  for  the  press,  will  be  made 
up  almost  altog-etlier  of  statistical  facts,  in  con- 
trast and  otlierwise,  with  needful  elucidations,  to 
sh'ew  the  state  of  society  in  Europe  and  America — 
and,  I  think,  will  present  some  curiosities  t®  the 
people  of  botli  countries. 

PART  THE  FIRST. 

Sin— -On  the  14th  idtimo  I  republished  the  letter 
you  did  me  the  honor  to  write  to  me  on  the  5th  of 
July.  Accept  my  tlianks  for  it.  Common  civility 
requires  that  I  should  return  tlie  compliment  in  the 
same  way  ;  and,  with  the  fear  of  God  before  my  eyes 
for  the  truth  of  what  I  siiall  say,  and  tlie  dread  of 
your  attorney-general  for  what  you  may  publisli,  I 
•sliall  attempt  it  in  a  style  and  manner  suited  to  the 
freedom  of  the  Briliftli  prea.t,  so  that  you  may  repub- 
lish my  "letter,  if  you  please,  in  your  widely  circu- 
lated and  p.ipular  work. — And,  believe  me,  tliis  is  a 
more  difficult  task  tlian  you  may  suppose — 1  have 
been  so  long  accustomed  to  call  "things  by  their  pro- 
per mimen,  antl  to  feel  myself  bound  by  notlilng-  but 
a  reg-ard  for  the  verity  of  w^liat  I  had  to  write,  that  I 
feel  Very  awkward  at  being-  confined  within  the  range 
allowed'  by  thefywheeh  that  belong-  to  and  balance 
the  great  machine  of  a  mon-arcliy.  But  I  cherish  the 
hope — it  is  among  the  most  pleasant  of  my  anticijja- 
tions,  that  the  time  wHl  yet  come,  and  is  not  far  dis- 
tant, when  the  truth  of  a  matter  stated  shidl  be  deemed 
s-iifflcient  evid-^nce  of  itn  innocence,  antl  all  men  will 
be  compelled  to  respect  iioi.Y  TnuTn.  Yo-a  very 
emphatically  observe,  tliat  "light  has  gone  forth"' — 
yes,  and  this  first  jn-inciple  of  tj>e  Almighty  sliall  yet 
penetrate  the  darkest  caves  of  despotism,  and  set 
the  oppressed  free,  though  closed  up  by  doors  ten 
fold  stronger  than  those  tliat  JMIlinn  imaghied  to 
shut  up  his  hell — "tiu-ee  of  brass,  three  of  iron,  tuid 
tiiree  of  udamuntine  I'ock." 

The  number  of  your  paper,  that  contained  your 
letter  to  me,  was  sent  to  me  from  <i  sity,  more  fa- 
mous than  Vienna,  [twice  captured],  Berlin,  [twice 
captured],  Madi-id,  L.isbon,  Turin,  liome,  Venice, 
Naples,  .\msterdam,  [all  captured  and  /jfW  for  years] 
Moscow,  and  some  fifty  ather  capital  cities,  and  a 
thousand  more  populous  places,  which  fell  into  the 
hands  of  tiie  barbarian  Napoleon,  fin*  tlie  destruc- 
tion of  its  "monuments  of  tlie  arts,"  its  public  iibi-a- 
ries  and  edifices,  not  devoted  to  military  purposes, 
/shall  not  name  this  city,  because  I  liavc  heard  that 
the  British  government,  determined  to  mointuin  its 
character,  liave  recently  persecuted,  fined  and  im- 
prisoned an  unfortunate  publisher,  wlio  spoke  of  tiie 
desolation  of  that  city  as  he  would  have  done — as 
cveiy,  even  tlie  most  confagrntinff  press  in  Jjondon 
Would  have  done — if  Bonaparte  had  applied,  the  torch. 
Why,  sir,  it  seems  to  me,  as  if  your  writers  really 
required  tlie  resuscitation  (h  &im.  Johnson  to  coin 
them  new  "legitimate"  words  to  exprfess  their  de- 
testation of  the  French  for  currying  o^f'the  "monu- 
r.'.t'nts  of  the  arts" — hard  put  <o  h,  as  fh^^y  p.v,  for 


only  this,  what  would  have  been  the  condition  of 
these  fellows,  had  they  l)een  called  upon  to  condemn 
A'alJoleon  for  destroying  tjiem  ?  Happily  for  them, 
.indtiie  honor  of  the  Frencii  nation,  and  of  human 
nature,  they  were  not  reduced  to  th.is  terrible  diffi- 
culty ! 

It  h.is  always  appeared  very  odd  to  me,  tliat  the 
y«we  thing,  happening  under  the,?rt7ttecirc-imstances, 
may  be  a  barbarism  in  one  party  of  men,  and  "a 
gallant  expedition"  in  another  party.     I  have  a  "nn- 
tion" — it  may  be  a  "  rankee  notion,"  to  be  sure,  tha* 
I  villain  is  a  villain,  wlietlierbom  in  France  or  ^X?-- 
land;  and  tliat  a  vilhuny  /.■;■  .i  vlILiinv,  whet<;e:  cotil'- 
aiitted  in   Europe  or  beyond  the  Cape  of  Good  ffope-. 
But  theve  are  many  v.'lio  seem  to   hare  'vi-.tions* 
very  different  fi-om  tins — who  act  a3  if  thev  thought 
tliat  "tlic  elect"  might  serve  the  devil  most  "'--%?- 
ousty."     For   instance,  tlicy  considei-ed  the  Frvic/i 
as  condemned  to  make  the  very  drcg-.n  of  the  "Ijot^ 
lomless  pit,"  becanse  some  few  madmen  at  P;m»- 
iiad  paid  religiou-i  iiomage  to  a  womfui,  as  tlie  re* 
pr-csentative  of  Reason,  during  the  thi'oes  aai  con- 
vulsions of  tlie  revolution  ;  but  they  triink.  it  quite 
''ni;'gnanimo'.is,"  "numane" and  "relisrious.'Vuat  t'ue 
g-overnmcnt  of  anoth.-.r  people  sliould  pay  the  sala- 
ries of  the  priests  of  Juggemant  and  tiieir  numerous, 
(prostitutes,  and  appoint  oi'Iicers  to  see  tli^t  the   .it;- 
MAX  vicTtJts,   offered   to  the  idol,   ai-e  crushed  to 
death,  by  the  wheels  on  which  it  is  moved  about, 
according  to  law.      Indeed,  sir,  a  btdief  in  this  is  a. 
good  match  for  a  belief  in  the  virtues  of  "St.  7'i/rv- 
vu/s  old_  breeches,"  or  in  the  "foreknowledge"  of 
the  cunning  meniwho  make  ",'/:»;■,?'«  Almanac,"  tel- 
ling the  wise  people  of  Enghui::,  with  th-e  greatest 
certainty,  what  sort  of  day,  rainy,  cloudy  or  f  lir, 
Uod  Almighty  intends  to  give  tlieina,taiiy  period  of 
die  year  ! 

The  great  body  of  the  people  of  the  "last  remaiu''- 
ing  republic"  tliink  of  late  events  in  Europe  ]>retty 
much  as  3'ou  do.  There  are  very  few,  the  "Cossack 
priests"  and  Hartford  convention  msidinen  except- 
ed, who  seem  to  feel  quite  easy  at  the  proceedings 
of  the  "legitimates"  in  France  ;  and  most  of  us  in- 
dignantly recollect  the  threat  that  was  made  to 
'hlepose  Afr.  Jifadison"  when  you  had  got  Napoleoa 
down,  the  first  time.  A  vej-y  large  in.ijority  of  oar. 
federalists,  as  they  are  called,  are  genuine  patriot^ 
real  republicans — that  woidd  resist  n  foreign  con- 
trol over  this  country  wiiji  as  much  ardor  as  tlie  rest 
of  the  people.  It  is  lametitably  true,  that  they  carri- 
ed/(ar/,;/  a  great  de:d  too  flu-  during  the  late  war  with 
you,  and,  especially,  after  it  appcai'ed  tliat  we  were 
called  upon  to  fi;^UL  for  natiomd  existence;  a,.d  had. 
given  themselves  too  much  up  to  the  lead  of  your 
l)artizans  and  pensioners  here,  wJiose  resolution  it 
was  'Ho  ruin  or  to  rule  the  state."  But  the  glory  of  our 
amis  on  land  and  at  sea,  with  the  sine  qua  nona  of 
your  -aiise  men  -at  (xhent,  opened  tlie  eyes  of  thou- 
sands, and  got  up  a  national  spirit  suited  to  the 
emergency.  If  the  war  had  lasted  a  little  longer 
(but  J  sincerely  tliank  heaven  it  ended  with  the 
aliliir  at  jW'w-OrleanxJ  it  would  have  been  differ- 
ently carried  on  from  what  it  had  been  before.  We 
had  acquired  experience,  and  a  high  and  iionorable 
feeling  began  to  pervade  every  class  of  the  commu- 

nitv,  except  as  above  cxc  ^pted,  which  '.voaid  ^avo 

N  ^       .....     . 


l\ 


J7J,    MILES   WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  1815. 


penetrated  eveyi  the  senate  ho;ise  oi\,iLiX^uthnsetts,  a.s  vuur  vile  writers  call  the  establisiiment  of  cntf 


wiierc  it  hp..i  i-tccnili,  Leen  resolved  (^in  fuct)  U'u'. 
oiii-  incstim.I-'ie  luivai  heroes  v/ere  iniirJererH,  for 
tiu-;i.sliirig-  your  'Mighlin.^  squirts"  into  a  little  re- 
spect far  tne  "bit  of  striped  bunting  at  the  mast- 
head." They  uould,  probubly,  still  iiave  opposed 
Mr.  J fcufis'jn,  hui  it: ey  v>-o;dd  have  m^ide  il  thea 
fir',1.  concern  to  huve  oppdcd  you  ;  like  a  very  ex- 
cellent antlrespeciabie  .ventlcniini  I  knir.v,  who',  at  a 
public  place,- imppcninj^  to  let  fidl  some  expression;, 
doK'f^atoryto  the  cliaracier  of  Mr.  Jcf'^rt.on,  imnie- 
dii'.tciy  r.f:er  knocked  down  an  Eng-iisli  merchan; 
for  castin.<r  vile  enitiicts  on  tliat  venerable  nuni.  \\r 
said  t.'ic  fe'.low  was  jiieddlin;.^  with  things  that  did 
not  i)t'ior,i^  to  hirj,  and  so  he  w;is.  You  will  like 
tiiis  evidence  of  a  national  feeling-;  but,  perliaps, 
will  tidnk  t]v.ii  kicking,  instead  of  striking,  was  the 
due  of  the  vnso\f.-ni  fereiii-ncr. 

But  >o'J  i-.reno  more  to  judge  the  American  cha- 
racter by  ihe  tape-seiiers  of  our  sea-ports,  or  the 
jiewspa])ers,  g-ener.dlj,  printed  tb.erein,  than  we 
sliould  t;  ke  one  of  the  calves  you  send  out  to  gatiier 
orders  foi"  pins  and  needles  as  a  fair  sample  of 
John  BvlL'  (I  could  tell  you  a  right  merry  story  of 
one  of  liiese  things,  ar.d  periiaps  ir.ay  do  it  in  aiiote 
at  the  close,  for  the  use  of  sncli  creatures  as  may 
visit  us  iiereaftc;-.)  But  it  is  among  our  farmers-^ 
the  wen  vho  cid'dvute  their  oivn  kinds,  and  our  manu- 


!■  pubjic,  and  raise  up  a  foreign  king  or.  the  ruins  of 
■ur  liberties  ! — calling  to  mind  the  nature  of  the  • 
country  we  have,  ami  the  sort  of  people  wlio  fill  it; 
always  recollecting,  that  nine-tenibs  of  our  males,, 
between  th.e  ages  of  16  and  4.5  veu's,  and  many 
voimger  and  Cider,  car.  Iciil  a  litile  bird  ;  s  f;'r  ai  ■'he 
s!;ot  fiom  titeir  tire-<a'ms  will  rccii  Pery  aps  you 
have  iieard  tlie  f 'UJ^v.-ing  anr-cdotc  whicVi  occia-ed  at 
■/Vmv-Orlcana  ;  but,  as  i  also  wane  yoiu- countrymen 
to  hear  it,  I  will  repeal  it  in  this  place:  One  of 
your  officers,  a  gallant-feliovr,  mounied  the  breast- 
.vork,  in  despite  of  thesho'ver  of  b  dls,  and  c.led 
out  to  tlie  few  that  followed  liim,  to  come  o'.i,  for  "the 
day  was  their  own."  "J^'otiiel"  said  a  riilemiJ-!,  and 
down  came  tlie  officer.  After  all  yov.r  men,  that 
were  noi  killed  or  wounded,  had  ran  away,  a  dispute 
arose  in  the  American  line,  which  had  not  yet  been 
the  least  disordereil,  as  to  who  ii,  was  that  had  sliot 
th.e  officer  alluded  to.  Tlie  mar.,  who  really  kliied 
him,  rested  his  claim  to  that  setwice  on  the  simple 
fact,  that  he  was  shot  under  the  left  eye.  One  of 
our  officers  then  went  and  examined  the  body  to 
settle  the  contest  among  h'lH  fell ow-citizena,  and  it 
'vas  found  out  that  the  only  wound  he  had  -uns  un- 
der the  leff  eye.  Srich  tilings  would  happen  every 
five  minutes  in  z.  parti: an  wj.r  with  tlie  people  of  the 
United  States.  Our  western  men  might  make  betts 
facturers,  now  rising  to  vast  importance,  th.it  you  {that  they  would  shoot  off  the  tip  of  an  enemy's  nose 
are  to  look  for  republican  vii-tue  and  steadiness. 'without  otherwise  injuring  his  face.  Tliey  arc  not 
It  is  then  -who  fed  they  hiive  a  coitiitvj — it  is  they  wjio  'only  the  best  marksmen  in  the  world,  but  the  most 
look  at  the  new  eartli  as  it  is  turned  up  by  the  , generous, hig-h-minded  and  patriotic  people  thatlive, 
plough,  or  watch  tlie  motion  of  their  ten  thous.andias  all  of  your  fellow-subjects,  v.'ho  have  fallen  into 
%viieels  as  they  go  round,  that  will  "not  give  np  fAi?|  their  power,  will  freely  acknowledge.  7'Aew  extend- 
ship,"  as  tlie  dying  laicrence  exhorted  tliose  around  '  ed  the  hand  of  benevolence  to  tlie  wountled  and  the 
him,  thougli  the  decJcsof  the  Cieafl/^e^Ar  were  filled 'captive — they  never  gave  up  the  dis.'dded  enemy  ta 
villi  his  enemie, !  There  are  no  such  m.en  in  the  .Indian  tortures,  or  made  their  prisoner  pass  through 
world  as  oiu-  iiidepetuleut  farmers,  who  constitute  a  every  degradation  and  privation  that  tyranny  was 
laryc  m.tju.ju  of  our  p;jopie.  Many  of  them  have  capable  of  inventing-,  or  human  nature  of  bearing, 
libi-iries,  like  your  liiigiish  lords;  aad,  what  is  more,       I  li^ve  said  you  ought  not  to  judge  tiie  people  of 

the  United  States  by  those  of  our  sea-ports,  or  by 
the  newspapers  generally  primed  therein.  The 
many  English  and  Scotch  merchants  settled  amongst 
us,  with  the  general  influerice  of  commercial  biisi- 
ness,  which  makes  many  stand  g:'ping-  with  their 
mate"  pressure,  she  shall  range  unconfincd  in  Ame-  j  eyes  fixed  on  England  for  thread,  tape  and  buck- 
rica.     Nay,  though  even  our  wliole  sea-board  were  j  ram  to  fill  up  the  shelves  of  their  shops,*  give  us  an 

appe.'trruice  of  being  more  vitiated  than  we  really 
are,  though  the  state  of  society  is  bad  enough,  in- 
deed. Take  the  following  cs.ie  in  proof  of  tids 
assertion  : — A  much  e.'teemed  friend  of  mine  ^rom 
Wilmington,  Del.  (a  gentleman  you  once  knew  very 
v.'ell,  and  whose  talents  you  reripectcd,  though,  at 


tiiey  read  and  underst  uxlthe  books  they  have.  There 
are  tneu  worth  g'  UO,..0!J  whw  di-ive  tlieir  o^^'n  wag- 
gons and  bring  lueir  own  produce  to  Baltimore.  Be 
itssured,  therefo.'e,  that  though  liberty  may  be  put 
down  for  a  while  in  Eurcpe  by  the  weiglit  of  "Icgiii- 


reduced  by  the  weight  of  numbers,  still  freedom 

woidd  nail  her  standard  to  tlie  loftiest  oak  of  the 

Jllleghanien,  and  beyond  it  the  spoiler  sho.dd  never 

pass  !  The  deadly  rifle,  commissioned  by  hcHvcn  for 

Its    object,  \voukl  prostrate  all  who  looked  toward 

our  ark  profanely,  and  make  the  wolves  fat  with, 

their    carcases;    and    the    "  star  spangled  banner! that  lime,  you  did  not   approve   of  his   principles) 

.should  wave   triumphant"  over   the   Eden    of  the 'called  upon  me  in  this  city,  Baltimore,  during  the 


world.  But  though  our  sea-board  is  immensely  in- 
fected witli  British  influence,  there  is  republican 
vu'iae  aiiu  valor  enough  on  oiu*  siiores  to  piay  manv 
"tricks"  like  Jackson's  at  jY.-w-  Orleans,  or  Macomb's 
at  PUittsburg,  or  to  meet  the  enemy  in  the  open 
field,  foot  to  foot,  point  to  point,  as'Browu  did  ut 
J^'.Mgara,  and  dispute  the  possession,  inch  by  inch. 
'l"he  authority  of  a  foreign  force  woidd  hardly  be 
respected  a  yard  beyond  the  range  of  its  cannon 
balls,  and  the  capture  of  a  city  h.ave  no  sort  of  ef- 
fect on  the  country  adjacent.  Empires  sometimes 
have  fallen  in  Europe  with  their  capitals.  You  have 
■never  found  it  so  here.  It  never  can  be  so,  wliile 
every  citizen  feels  himself  a  part  of  the  government 
— and  tlie  blacksmitli  argues  politics  with  liis 
neighbor,  the  congressman.  If  the  '>pa7nards  were 
able  to  biu-y  three  hundred  thou.ia.nd  French.mcn  sent 
to  subdue  them,  calculate  how  much  money  it  would 


wvj-,  and  appeared  ready  to  conclude  that  nearly  all 
our  people  were  tories — he  had  been  here  two  or 
three  days  and  had  discoursed  vvith  none  else  !  I 
told  him'that  Baltimore,  of  5000  votes,  had  not  1000 
on  the  federal  side,  and  that  of  tiiese,  not  100  were 
tories.  "Where  then,  sa-e  the  republicans  .'"—de- 
manded he.  "Minding  their  own  business,  and 
treating  strangers  with  courtesy,  instead  of  bel- 
lowing contested  poittts  of  politics  into  their  cai-s, 
whether  tliey  want  to  hear  them  or  not,  as  is  the 
practice  at  Jloston,"  said  I.  The  fact  is,  that  ten 
fuil-bloodedmonarchi.sts  will  make  more  noise  than 
ten  hundred  republicans— but,  when  it  comes  to 
the  ballot,  that  silently  decides  our  contests,  we.see 
where  tlie  strengtli  lies.  Why,  sir,  even  in  Massa- 
c/m.ieits,  when  lier  leaders  seemed- as  if  tlicy  would 
be  content  with  nothing  else  than  tlie  haugi'ig  of 
Midis'jn  and  an  unity  with  you  in  tiie  worship  of 


cost  and  ho-vvra:u)y  lives  would  be  sacrificed,  to  put  j/^^-^-.-niUiii,  a  l.vrge  m..jority  of  the  fighting  men 
down  oiff  "dangeroun  example  of  svceensfid  rebem6n,"\  wsre  oa  tiie  side  of  tkeil-  country  ;  aj-e,  and  woulct 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TO  MR.  COBBETT. 


Its 


Hive  liurJe.l  perdition  on  tlie  bawkrs,  if  "diacrr'tlnn,"  t     At  any  rate,  the  great  point  was  gained voii  gnu 

as  Aitoaf  has  it,  had  not  formed  the  better  piirt  off  iVapoIeoa   down,  and  tliis  was,  indeed    a  "deUva". 
'insnrrectmwAov;  and  though,  perluip'?,  10,009  repul)-  an ce"  to  all  the  bcroiig-h-r,iouccn;io- tnh''(;s.     It  irmst 


lican  volei-s  iiave  left  tliat  state  for  the  west  witliin 
these  three  or  four  years  past,  yet  expect  to  heir 
speeilily  that  the  ruiei-d  of  it  are  clianged. 

Besides,  all  your  fashions  and  manners  are  follow- 
ed by  tiie  young  and  giddy,  and  we  iuive  some  that 
are  fools  enough  to  affect  the  bastard  tongile  of  a 
London  cockney,  who  swears  'pon  his  'onor,  that 
^'AKngkind  is  the  most  Aclleganr  hxaA  the  rtndsoiTiest 
]5lace  and  the  biggc.=;t  place  too  in  iiAl  the  7)orld  !" 
Indeed,  sir,  I  have  iicard  (and  believe  it)  that  tlie 
feons  ofa  l'(l't^^  and  of  a  bo^itma/rer  in  one  ofour  citieS; 
■(vvliose  fathers  had  acquired  great  wealth  by  their 
'trades,  and  kept  their  countr\-  seats,  carnages  and 
horses,  and  thouglit  themselves  as  good  as  any  body) 
asked  tl'eu-  old  dads  to  import  hati  and  boots  from 
En^-inn'l  for  them  !  The  old  fellows  richly  deserved 
th;s — tliey  had  r:used  their  sons  to  be  "puppies 
tlirough  life,"  instead  of  directing  the  learning  they 
fiad  given  them  to  useful  objects.  And  here  per- 
mit mc  to  observe,  that  what  seems  to  me  a  natural 
aristocracy,  gTOwmg  out  of  v/ealth,  ruins  many  of  our 
inost  promising  yo\mg  men,  sons  of  honest  trades- 
men. Possessed  of  ample  fbrtunes,  or  having  them 
in  prosjjcct,  they  kick  dov.ui  t!ie  means  by  wiiich 
they  were  acquired,  and  set  vip  for  fine  g-enti'emcn — '■ 
live  a  little  while  tlie  laugh  and  butt  of  the  town. 


>-  confessed,  you  do  somethings  mucli  more  aibxian- 
tiaHi/Mian  we  do.  If  a  mr.n  is  puiTed  into  a  mi^^lity 
warrior,  or  really  does  a  gaHant  sction  (pi-ovided  iie 
be  ofa  great  familv)  vou  immediately  go  to  v.ork 
and  send  5,  10,  or  15,000  miserable  wTelches  to  .oiir 
fj^or  houses  to  make  a  forUme  and  pc;iu,a  for  'hiiii 
that  he  Cannot  spend  except  in  jirofligacy  and  de- 
I-Ruchery.  We  h.ive  no,pe^-,iouers  here  but  invalid 
soldiers  and  snilors,  and  "Mr.  Jackssn,''  .if  ije  jiari 
kd'ed  fifty  PcikcnLam^  and  tribhs^  v/O'dd  have  rc^ 
ceived  no  more  from  tlie  public  purse  tlian  his  pav 
as  a  m..jdr-general  in  our  armies.  Xor  would  lie 
expect  it ;  he  went  into  the  ser\  ice  to  fight  a?  h.-.rd 
■IS  he  coiild — he  did  !iis  <iuty  and  fougiit  as  hard  as 
he  could.  He  escaped  unhurt,  and  is  :is  h:\le  and  as 
liearty  as  ever.  If  he  wanced  montv,  tJic  peopb 
would  give  it  tohhn  with  tlie  same  alacrity  trat  thev 
paid  his  Sne  at  New  Orleans-*  of  J^IGOG,  !iV;iitin'r  th'fi 
subscription  to  ^"^l  per  mar,,  and  making  it  t;t)  as 
fast  as  t!ie  names  of  tiie  subscribers  driidd  be  written 
down  ;  but  they  v/ho  would  give  him  SlJOO  cacb^ 
as  individuals,  would  not  grant  liim  one  cen  'fronl 
the  puiilic  treasury  orcr  and  beyimd  ids  p-iv,  .'ulowi 
ance  and  rations.  And  I  do  no't  k-.iow  tliat  on  tliL 
account  .indre~u  Jack'rj-n  is  less  ha;)pv  'ban  Arthur 
U'ff.'esu'ti,  to  whbm  you  have  fciveil  so  manv  nick-. 


and,  by  and  bye,  find  an  asylum  in  an  hospital  for  j"=""^'5'  tli.at  ail  lionest  old  acquaintance  vv-ouhi  h;u-d" 


lunatics,  or  the  poor  house  of  tlie  county.  A  ^'e^y 
grave,  and,  perhaps,  a  useful  sermon  might  be 
preached  about  tliis  a.s  a  "warning  to  fatliF!rs,"  but 
i  hiive  not  time  for  it  now.  As  to  the  iterjspapers 
alluded  to  ;  they  are  as  corrupt  as  any  that  you  h.ive. 
In  most  of  the  cities,  the  gi-eat  body  of  the  adver- 
titii/i^  people  are  anti-repui)iicau — this  rule  hiis  but 
iwo  exceptions,  I  believe,  in  diu-  commercial  tov/ns 
— the  cream  of  tlie  newspaper-busiriess  lies  in  t!ie 
advertisements,  and  "v.diere  the  carcase  is  there  wil' 


ly  know  hid.  I  very  much  like  the  project  of  re- 
warding the  nuke  of  I'ork  for  tlie  victorv  of  V.'ater- 
loo  !  The  duke  is  certsinly  a  verv  ^iiHani  man.— i 
Give  hini  \m,Q[)lI.  !  Bless  nie  !  Iiowprettilv  it  would 
:,.,,.ui„  i..._  ^^     ■        ■  ,,jg  p,.j,gg|^^  maker  of  priests; 


rto-  out 


fenable  Jiim  to 
colonels  and  tide  -waUcriA 
Wc 


:  understand  the  way  that  your  nevtspajjers  hav6 
of  getting  over  an  unpleasant  piece  of  intelligence; 
Some  folks. hfcre  are  as  v/ell  ver.sed  in  tli:;  '" 
meiU  of  such  articles  as  an}-  are  v.'ith  vou. 


manaq-e- 
At  times^ 


the  fowls  of  the  air  be  gathered  togetlier."     Mark  !"'-^<?'i  they  feel  fr.cTnsclve.^  compelled  to  niford  aii 
''    ■'        ■       ■■  •  ■     ■  •.       ™     .    .     ..     Uusertion  to  an  oilicial  article,  that  gives  the  lie  di- 

rect to  ;dV  they  have  been  saying  for  the  last  twelvd 
months,  th'^y  ji.st  leave  out  the  paragrafihs  dr  sen- 
tences that  bear  immediately  bri  the' subject,  and 
t'nus  make  many  believe  that  tlie  whole  ground  oi* 
the  matter  is  laid  before  them.  And  it  is  the  busi- 
ness of  the  priests,  in  tliat  part  of  t!ie  countj-y  whcrd 
rhis  species  of  roguery  has  been  mast  fi-equcnti/ 
practised,  to  prepare  tlie  people  for  deceptions  by 
c,aitioning|!icm  against  reading  any  tiling  Ihac  does, 
not  come  from  orthtdox  sbvirce?.  WyX  this  kind  of 
management  only  answers  for  a  season.  The  peo- 
ple discover  the  e.Tar,  when  the  excitement  about: 
it  has  ended,  ajid  yet  many  suffer  themselves  td 
be  made  subjects  of  new  de!u':ions.  1  could  no- 
tice several  cases  exactly  to  this  point.  TI.e  follow- 
ing more  recent  r.tn>ir  j.iay  be  meiil ioned,  for  several 
reasons  :  A  little  whiie  afcer  tiie  brcivi  adroirol, 
Cockburn  had  stormed  s.ud  burned  the  village  of 
Jlai're  ds  Orace,  af.er  a  vigorous  defenf  e  of  the 
place  by  an  hone-.t  Hibernian  of  tite  name  of  O'Xeil 


it,  tla'  advertising  customers  must  not  be  ojfsnded.  15c 
aides,  some  of  our  edi;ors  are  evident  mo'iarchlsts, 
and  they  make  a  good  trade  6f  their  principles. 

But  to  proceed  to  some  of  the  subjects  of  you.r 
letter.  Men  of  sense  have  not  been  a  little  tickled 
Jit  your  "boasling.s"  about  the  battle  of  Mount 
Saint  John,  or  IFaterloo,  as  you  call  it.  The  opinon 
of  many  is  clearly  expressed  in  a  little  piece  of 
rhyme  which  I  first  saw  since  I  began  to  \\Tite  the 
preceding  paragraph.  I  beg  IcaTc'to  insert  it  fo? 
the  edification  of  Mr  liu'l : 

LO&IC   A-I..l-MOnK.* 

"  Lord  Wellington"  said  Riucher,  "is  it  true 
That  uoji  beat  Bonaparte  at  "Waterloo  .?" 
"Yes,  prince,  it  is :  Til  prove  my  claim  to  gloiy. 
If  you'll  but  listen  to  my  modest  story. — ' 
"Tvvas  English  gold  brought  Prussian  Hulow  on 
To  join  the  ranks  of  falling  Wellington  : 
Tor  England  I  comm.anded  on  that  dav. 
Your  king  and  army  were  in  British  pa'i.' — 
What  England  p«ys  for  surely  is  her'own; 
And  being  hers,  belonged  te  Wellington. 
Thus,  thougii  'twas  Eulow  struck  the  deadly  blovr, 
'Tw.xs  /tliat  laid  Xapoleon's  lionors  low. 
Dare  you  deny  tiie  French  by  me  were  ban^-'d  ? 
Deny  it,  Riucher,  and  I'll  have  you  hang'd  : 
Let  Castlereagh  to  Frederick  say  the  word, 
(Lining  liis  fob  with  go'd) — you'll  feel  the  cord." 
Said  Riucher —"XobSe  lord,"rm  forc'd  to  vicld  : 
Toiu-'s  i.>  t!-,c  glory,  for  you— bought  the  field." 


From  the  Baltimore  Patriot 


*  General  Jackson  v/as  fined  §1030  bv  a  judge  at 
New  Orleans,  fi'-r  refusing  to  o!?ey  ids  precept  durins^ 
the  invasion  of  the  city,  when  lie  had  declared  it  tc< 
be  imder  martial  law.  The  fine  was  p:iid  in  about 
two  hours  by  subscriptions  limited  at  'J^l  each.,  hfj- 
the  grateful  people. 

J  For  t!ic  information  of  tlie  Americ^m  reacicr,  Ir 

may  be  uscf.d  to  state  that  v.-idie  Mrs.  Cfark  wm  tlic* 

■'dcsr  angei"  of  tliis  briglit  fellow,  many  priests  anA 

colonels,  and  othev  oilicers  wore  pro'ps^'std,  cr  in-.r^ 

p)_V  the  d':S«,  .at  h,cv  rerfiT^.s*. 


]76    ^'ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  181J 


and  liad  conflan^rated  both  sliores  of  the  Chesapeake 
bay,  ymir  tvriiei^s,  at  Boston,  were  set  to  work  to  sack 
and  bum  the  town  of  York,  in  Upper  Canada,  wliicli 
had  not  lonpc  before  been  captin-ed  by  our  troops. 
TliCy  beg-anj  with'  "it  is  said,"  "we  have  heard,"  "it 
is  reported,"  &c.  and  afier  awhile  they  came  otit 
witli  what  appeai-ed  regular  statements  of  the  de- 
struction of  the  place  by  our  soldiers.  The  Rri- 
ti.-il)  at  leng-tli,  s<^eins^  it  so  broadly  asserted,  be- 
'j;-.:'.'.  to  Ijelieve  it — and  thev  helped  the  story  on  by 
en,L.raflinjr  it  in  some  of  tlieir  official  papers,  on  tlio 
simple  authority  of  their  writers  in  lioaton,  for  they 
had  no  otiier;  and,  perhaps,  they  believed  it,  for  they 
wo^dd  hardly  have  supposed  that  any  Americans 
wei-e  pioiiipatc  enoug-h  to  make  up  the  story  merely 
as  an  iipoioj^'  for  the  noum  system  of  Cockburn. — 
In  process  of  time,  the  tale  assumes  even  the  shape 
of  "liistory,"  by  a  priest,  "a  member  of  tlie  Massa- 
ciiusetts  Historical  Society ;"  and  tliey  who  made 
it  beyin  to  bdieve  there  may  be  some  truth  in  it, 
tliough  told  a  thousand  times  to  the  contrary.  In 
this  state  of  the  business,  high  and  honoi'able  men, 
wlio  were  present  diu-ing-  the  whole  time  the  town 
v/as  in  our  possession,  come  forward  to  say  that  the 
staterneiu  is  altogether  fdse,  and  support  the  good 
conduct  of  our  troops  there  by  a  letter  from  the 
cjiicf  ju.jtice  of  Upper  Canada,  to  our  contmander 
in  tlie  e.vjicdition,  written  at  the  time  and  on  tiie 
.sjiot,  and  thanking  him  for  the  lunnanity  and  gene- 
r.)jity  that  had  been  extended  to  the  people  of  that 
I'owu.  This,  you  woidd  think,  is  what  is  vulg-arly 
cdied  i\.  botlicrcr.  No  such  thing.  The  puq^se  had 
been  served,  and  they  care  nothing  about  it  now,  and 
thir.k  they  do  an  act  of  ample  justice  by  inserting 
two  or  tlu'fce  lilies  in  an  obscure  corner  of  their  pa- 
]H'iS  saying — "it  is  asserted  that  York  was  not  sack- 
ed and  hurn.ed  as  was  currentlj-  reported  sometime 
ag</' — And  so  they  manage  it  on  a  thousand  occa- 
s-ious.  I  am,  therefore,  not  the  least  surprized  to 
lj€;ir  that  the  body  of  the  English  people  believe 
that  you  thir^hcd  us  n\ost  abominably  at  ..\*;vy  Or- 
k-cn.i.  [  only  \\-0'\der  that  Mr.  Jiiill  does  not  enquire 
what  became  of  tlie  300,000  bales  of  cotton  that 
were  to  iiave   been  brought  home  as  booty  to  sup 


There  is  one  i)iece  of  impudence  that  astonlshc.? 
me.     .A''a/7ofco7i,  an  outcast,  without  a  friend  or  ally, 
lands  in  France  with  600  men,  and  the  whole  coun- 
try submits  in  almost  as  few  days  as  the  news  of  his 
arrival  could   reach  all    the  parts  of  the  empire.— 
Louis  enters  at  the  head,  or  rather  tacked  to  the 
heels  of  more  than  a  million  of  armed  men,  arrives 
at  Paris,  and  the  country  is  yet  in  rebellion  against 
him.     Rut  tliey  call  the  Bonaparte  an  usm-per  and 
the   //V/,Vr/— the    Bonrbov,  they  say,    is  the  "legiti- 
mate" and  tl-.e  dr-sircd.     ^Vhat  a  wonderful  hypocri- 
cv  is  this!— but  it  has  a  parallel  in  the  declarations 
of  the  allies  compared  with  all  their  proceedings. 
They  aftected  to  war  only  with  the  "usurper,"  but 
they  have  conquered  France,  and  make    even  the 
kmg  that  they   brought   on  their  spears,  an  acttial 
prisoner  in  his  capital !    I  cannot  doubt  but  that  they 
intend  to  be  aveng-ed  on  France  for  her  glories,  and 
to  "cripple  her  for  fifty  years,"  as  you  proposed  to 
serve  U2.     And  they  inav  do    great  things   in  this 
way  while  they  keep  5  or  600,000  of  their  soldiers 
quartered  on  the  people  of  that  country;   but  away 
will  Louis  as  fust  as  the  poor  old  man  can  run,  with 
all  his  royal  and  legitimate  appendages,  the  moment 
the  spring  of  the  nation  is  released  from  the  actual 
pressure  of  the  sword.     Indeed,  the  only  way  by 
wliieh  1  believe  Frrmce  can  be  kept  "tranquil"  un- 
der her  present  rulers  and  their    principles,  would 
be  to  kill  off  every  second  man,  at  least,  and  every 
third  able-bodied  woman.     "Order— law  and  reli- 
gion" might  then  be  restored,  and  France  would 
"repose  in  the  arms  of  her  legitimate  sovereign,'* 
as  Goveniein-  Morris  says. 

Napoleon  committed  many  and  very  great  errors. 
The  iJarent  of  all  the  rest  was  his  silly  hankering  af- 
ter those  foolish  things  which  Ihad  hoped  the  French 
revoKition  was  designed  by  Providence  to  destroy. 
He  never  had  my  personal  friendship  after  his  I'c- 
turn  from  Egypt.  He  would  he  a  king  and  con- 
quer countries  and  have  tributary  nations,  like  his 
brother  kings.  I  do  not  believe  he  was  one  whit 
worse  than  the  very  best  of  them— more  restless, 
more  ambitious,  or  more  tyrannical.  He  stood  up- 
on higher  gi-ound,  and  acted  in  a  larger  field  thari 


piy  yriir  manufactories,  as  was  promised  in  the  ])a- i  most  others.     Certainly,    your  government  or  that 
■pcrs.     Johii  sometimes  seems  to  think  a  great  deal  i  of  Russia,  will  hai-dly  accuse  him  of  ambition.  You, 
aooui  tlie  "•(•ain  clmnce." 

Tiie  fule  of  France,  and,  indeed,  of  Europe  at 
large,  ia  deplorable.  The  people  seem  pressed  to 
the  cai"Vh  by  the  bayonets  which  support  the  "le- 
!>-iiii.\ates". — iiings  and  priests.  You  have  m;'de  a 
prctt','  bu-iiiess  of  it  bv  re-establisliirv?- the  inquisi- 
lion  in  S];ain,  and  the  Jesuits,  h.c.  Your  priests 
luive  a  standiiig  prayer  for  the  downfall  of  the  pope 
— might  they  not  be  subject  to  the  correction  of 
tiie  attorney-general  for  asking  Cod  to  destroy  one 
of  vour  kiii.u''s  best  allies? 
^Icence,    \ 

I'^'ilicd  fellow  were  to  trespass  on   one  of  our   far 
iiier's  lands,  and  demand  of  him    the  tenth  of  his 


..,  ^  ......  .-^..^o.      Ry  the  blessing  of  Pro- 

c   have   none  of  these  things.     If  a  big 


who  have  put  down  more  "legitimate  princes  in  In- 
dia  than  reign  in  all  Europe,"  and  have  killed  more 
men  to  govern  those  that  remained  than  Bonaparte 
as]5ircd  to  rule,  out  of  what  was  esteemed  his  pro- 
per sphere:  and  the  territory  of  Russia,  made  up  of 
coin/vered  countries,  like  your  empire  in  the  East,  is 
larger  than  that  of  all  Europe.  Why  not  emperor 
of  l-'rance  and  king  of  Italy,  as  well  as  emperor  of 
Russia  and  king  of  Poland,  or  emperor  of  Austria 
and  king  of  Lombard)  ?  Still,  Napoleon  was  a  king — 
he  mixed  his  blood  with  the  blood  of  kiti^s — he 
would  have  raised  a  breed  oi' Icings — and,  therefore, 
was  not  a  favorite  with  me,  nor  do  I  care  three 
straws  about  the  snll'erings  of  his  dignity,  and  the 
produce  for  the  support  of  the  t-'nirch — if  the  fiu-mer|  like,    though  the  conduct  of  his  enemies  towards 

liim  will  consign  them  to  the  infamy  of  ages.  For 
this  chiefly  I  liked  him — he  stood  as  a  monument  of 
the  right  of  the  people  to  change  their  rulers,  and 
I  really  thought  him  the  most  legitimate  king  that 
had  reigned  for  a  thousand  years.  But  I  must  not 
ed"  to  France;  but  1  am  induced  to  "believe  that  |  sav  much  on  this  subject,  if  I  would  expect  you  to 
-.;.c  allies  will  not  consider  the  "delivenince"  as  ;  republish  this  letter — you  h^ve  Mtmsfields  cnongh. 
pti'tcicd  uniii  iiie  piopie  areas  well  .subjected  to  that  w;_.u!<l  not  conduct  themselves  with  the  mo- 
ihe  c/mrch  as  to  the  s^varil.  This  may  easily  be  delation  and  fn-bearance  of  the  Roman  gover- 
ili-nc,  by  cuiilng  the  throats  of  all  the  protest'ants ;  nor,  who  called  ibr  water  and  washed  his  hands  to 
in  r  ranee  and  killing  oif  about  one  half  of  the  catho-   shew  his   innocence  of  the    desijfned  death  of  onb 


did  not  seek  .safety  in  Hight,  sup]?osing  him  a  crazy 
man  Li(>ke  louse  from  some  liospilal — he  woukl  set 
iiis  dogs  upon  !iim  as  an  imuudent  knave,  without 
u»\y  i-c.s;)Cctfor  his  coat.  It  is  true,  the  blessino-n  of 
>^!•^•)(  ij.  priesthood  as  you  have,  are  not  yet  "restor 


Iks.     '1  hings   are    nuuniifed  a  little   in   this  way  in 
:i,i-*nc  p.u».s  of  Indiiif— for  the  sake  of  *'re-H g-i-on." 


whojiad  appeared  among  an  ancient  people  to  in- 
vite'them  to  retLiru  to  truth.     The   purity  of  hi* 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— VERMONT  LEGISLATURE. 


177 


life  and  the  sublimity  of  liis  principles,  would  have 
done  as  little  to  have"  excused  his  "innovations"  be- 
fore a  king-'s  bench  as  before  the  council  of  jews. 
But  if  Bonaparte  had  declared  for  a  republic!— aye, 
if  he  had  done  that,  every  throne   in  Europe  would  '■ 
have    sympathetically  trembled  to  its   centre,  and  j 
France  would  not  have  been  trodden  by  foreig-ners  i 
in  aims.     His  soldiers  w^v.  dhave  been  more  nume- 
rous than  he  could  have  employed,  and  they  v/ovdd 
have  went  into  battle  chaunthig'  tiie  hymn  of  the 
victory  they  ■ii;ere  determined  to  laln. 
i    A  few  observations  about  the  "legitimacy"  they 


speak 


and  I  shall  have  done  wiih  this  prul  of 
■my  letter.  Is  it  in  the  blood?  We  have  a  niece 
of  yoiu"  beloved  reg'ent  in  the  penitentiary  at  New- 
York,  suffering-  the  penalty  of  our  republican  laws 
for  roijal  practices,  in  appropriating-  to  her  own  use 
•what  she  did  not  earn — vulgarly  called  stealing. 
Now,  would  it  be  worth  my  wliile  to  take  a  journey 
to  that  city  to  request  an  interview  with  her  royal 
hij^hness,  and  obtain  permission  to  get  a  drop  of 
blood  from  her  royal  arm  to  compare  with  a  drop 
of  mine  own,  whose  father,  grandfather  and  g-reat 
grandfutlier  were  mechanics,  as  1  myself  am?  You 
often  see  this  khid  of  people,  and  know  all  about 
them.  1  have  never  seen  but  one  that  I  suspected 
as  beinor  of  the  blood  roval — his  name  was  S , 


pie  shall  begin  to  see,  and  see  it  they  must  verY 
shortly,  tliat  they  may  as  well  lose  their  lives  in 
battle  as  be  st;irvcd  or  ground  to  death.,  tlicv  will 
grasp  at  any  thing-  thatoHci-s  a  prospect  of  clian»:e, 
for  they  cannot  be  worsted.  Then  will  they  splk 
tiieir  lost  liberty  in  blood  and  slaug-hter,  with  a  fu- 
ry bordering  on  madness.  Tlie  "contest  will  be 
bloody  and  the  trial  severe,  but  the  ctttcts,  in  th.e 
t-esuit,  l.appy.  I  prefer  the  tumult  of  ;L-iOuition  to 
the  calm  of  despotism.  You  in  England,  used  lo 
call  the  French  '-'slavei^"  twenty  years  ago,  ;jid  boa.it 
of  yoiu-  liberties  and  of  the  ease  and  h.appiness  \<)w 
enjoyed.  It  is  not  among-  the  least  remarkable 
thmg-s  which  have  happened,  that  you  n    u.ngtr  f.se 

that  epithet  or  boast  of  your  freecurn  and  ease. 

'I'ne  Frencii  were  slaves,  but.  tiiev  v»jil  not  be  r.iade 


and  1  supposed  he  might  be  the  heir  of  three  king- 
doms (now  held  by  a  foreign  family)  because  he 
appeared  to  be  the  most  worthless  wretch  I  ever 
saw.  If  it  be  in  tlie  blood,  then  you  are  all  slaves, 
as  much  so  as  our  neg-roes,  behig  born  the  proper- 
ty of  a  master.  But  liow  is  tliis  blood  got  up?  If  a 
foreign  woman  were  to  murder  her  husband  and  all 
his  relatives  {her  son  excepted)  would  that  make 
the  grandson  one  of  the  "legitimates!"  Or,  does 
the  expidslon  of  one  from  the  throne  who  has  the 
blood,  by  another  who  has  not  the  blood,  transfer 
the  blood  to  him  that  wins  the  battle,  as  was  tlic 
case  when  what  you  call  your  "glorious  revolution" 
was  accomplished?  It  is  absolutely  denied  that  the 
people  have  any  thing  to  do  with  the  "legitimacy." 
My  "notion"  is,  that  the  whole  thing  depends  on 
the  sword.  Bonaparte  was  legitimate — quite  le- 
gitimate, with  all  the  people  of  Europe,  except 
those  of  your  island,  while  his  sabre  was  up.  Force, 
therefore,  is  legitimacy.  Our  "cossacks"  talk  a 
great  deal  about  "legitimate  kings,"  but  tiiey  ne- 
ver have  the  liberality  to  tell  us  wherein  their  "di- 
vine right"  lies.  I  have  many  times  put  questions 
to  them  abo-dt  it,  and  they  are  immediately  thrown 
into  a  flutter — tlie  saying  is  homely,  but  they  toucli 
tlie  subject  as  I  have  seenahimgry  puppy  attempt 
to  manage  a  hot  dumpling;  they  turn  it  and  twist 
it  over  and  over  again,  being  afraid  to  touch  it 
boldly;  for  if  they  do,  they  know  very  well  that 
they  declare  JVasldngton  and  the  rest,  for  whom 
they  affect  almost  a  religious  homage,  to  have  been 
traitorous  villains.  Tliere  is  no  way  of  g'etting  off, 
if  the  question  be  closely  pressed  upon  tliem.  Ei- 
ther men  have,  or  they  have  not,  a  right  to  change 
their  rulers — if  they  have,  the  whole  doctrine  of  le- 
gitimacy is  false  and  scandalous;  if  they  have  not, 
we  also,  are,  of  right,  the  subjects  of  jour  king. 

To  conclude  these  gei\eral  remarks 1  indulge 

the  hope,  that  though  the  prospect  is  indeed  gloo- 
my, and  it  would  seem  as  if  the  rights  of  the  peo- 
ple and  sovereignty  of  nations  were  alike  to  be  sa- 
crificed by  a  conspiracy  of  an  extent  before  un- 
heard of  in  po-.ver  to  do  mischief,  yet  mankind 
shall  break  the  chains  that  conhne  tlicm,  and  na- 
tions shall  resume  their  independence,  by  geweral 
risings  of  their  population;  and  reason,  and  justice 
suid  tri'ith  become  arbiters  in.  the  civilized  v.'orld, 
instead  of  gold,  fVaud  and  f.u-ce.     Wlien  the  peo- 


slaves    again Let    the   blood    that    is   shed  be 

laid  at  the  door  of  those  who  would  steal  awav 
theh-  liberties.  Evei-y  one  may  lawfuUy  snoot  at 
and  kill  the  wretch  that  would  deprive  liim  of  his 
freedom;  and  the  taidt  will  be  no  more  tiiau  of  the 
French  people,  if  desolation  slmil  ;ig?.in  have  j-s 
day  in  anew  struggle  for  their  rights,  than  it  would 
be  mine  to  spill  the  blood  of  one  of  yoiu-  oflicers 
who    attempted  to  impresn  me  into  "his  majesty's" 

service whose  life  I  shotdd  feel  just  as"  c.-Liious 

bout  taking  as  I   would  that  of  a  viper  coiitd  iip 
to  strike  me. 

Yours  respectfully, 
Baltimore,  A'ov.  9,  ISlo.      '  II.  NILHS. 


V^ermont  Leoislatiire. 

The  legrslature  of  A^erintmt  convfne<l  at  ■Vfoirt- 
pelier,  on  the  Uth  ultimo.  Tlie  nmjority  for  gov. 
Oai.itsha  was  852  over  all  otiiers ;  the  couriciUae 
all  republican,  and  sixteen  republican  majority  in  liie 
house  of  representatives.  Williavi  A.  Cris-Jokl  was 
eucted  speaker,  and  IVm.  I).  Smith  clerk oftiie  house. 
m!l!a-i)i  S.'ade,  jr.  is  appointed  secreiai',  of  state. 

GOV.  GALUSliA'3  SPEEsJil. 
Gentlemen  of  the  coiinii!,  and 

Gentlemen  of  the  limtse  of  representatives, 

VYe  are  assembled  at  a  highly  interesting  pe- 
riod; a  period  succeeding  the  most  surprising-  twents 
that  ever  burst  upon  the  view  of  an  astonished  world. 
The  storm  of  war,  which  had  overspread  the  whole 
civilized  world,  and  tiireatened  almost  universal 
ruin,  has,  by  the  overruling-  hand  of  Omnipotence, 
been  suddenl}'  hushed  to  silence.  The  p-reat  com- 
motions, by  which  Europe  was  shaken  to  its  centre, 
have,  for  a  moment,  subsided,  Tiie  ia.poitant  con- 
test in  whicii  we  were  deeply  engaged,  wu,i  one  of 
the  most  potent  nations  of  tiie  earth,  has  been  hap- 
pily terminated  ;  and,  instead  of  the  horrors  of  war, 
we  are  siu-rounded  by  tlie  rich  blessings  of  peace. 
While  we  beliold,  most  conspicuous,  tiie  hand  of 
that  Being, who  "enkrgetii  the  nations,  and  streu^nh- 
eneth  them;"  and,  while  our  hearts  g-luw  witii  gra- 
titude for  the  signal  displ.ays  of  his  beneficence,  in 
protecting  and  conducting  us  safely  ■a.nd  triUinjjliant- 
iy  through  our  late  struggle  for  the  support  of  our 
dearest  rights  and  national  independence,  let  us 
look  to  Him  for  wisdom  to  direct  us  in  our  delibe- 
rations, and  aid  to  such  a  di.'.cliarge  ot  our  legisla- 
tive duties,  as  shall  conduce  to  the  higiie.'jt  interest 
of  our  consituents,  and  the  best  good  of  the  union. 

A  time  of  peace  is  a  time  of  cool  and  deliberate 
reflection,  when  all  the  angry  passions,  wuich  are 
too  prevalent  in  war,  ought  to  be  (nielied,  and  v/iien 
the  sulferings  ;uid  dangers  to  whi'-h  \vc  iiave  been 
exposed,  together  witli  the  causes  of  those  dangers 
and  sufferings,  siiould  be  c.u-etully  sougiit,  and  ci'i- 
tically  e.xamiued,  for  the  p-arpose  of  avoiding  fu- 
tiu-e  evils,  and   ensiu'ing-  future    safety.     Nolwitii. 


578     WILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  li,  1815 


standing  llic  Eui-oi^c^sn  powers  now  scera  tnmqull, 
yet  the  unexpected  and  extraordinaiy  c'lningeSj  re- 
pent ;n  llKit  devoted  country,  justify  our  te^irs  that 
pew  wars  m.iy  soon  fu'iae  frcm  some  unforeseen  cause, 
r.nd  put  oiu-  rig'hts  and  liberties  again  in  jecp:u-dy. 
Xliumg-  the  caha,  then,  we  ouglit,  by  an  iuvlissolubie 
\4nion,  to  be  pr&pju-cd  tor  any  storn»  that  muy  arise. 

I  do  not  design  to  cntea-  upon  an  investigation  of 
tiic  causes,  progress  and  termination  of  tlie  late  wav 
with.  Greai  Britrdn.  Permit  me,  however,  to  ob- 
serve, thai  no  neutral  nation  was;  evermore  c.iutions 
of  giving  oitoiice  to  belligerent  powers,  than  v.ere 
t^itUniced  Stiitcs;  nd  no  nation  tlsat  had  tlie  least 
confideiice  in  its  strengui  to  oppose,  ever  buffered 
so  long,  sucli  flagrant  abuse  of  its  riglits,  v/itlioul 
resoitVgtp  ai-ms.  But  w'lien  the  iove  of  peace 
CouUi  no  longer  restrain  its  votaries  from  assuming 
{in  at'itude  'to  defend  th.cir  sacred  riglits  and  the 
nation's  honor,  the  constituted  authoiitics  of  our 
Fomury  declared  a  war  v/nich  has  progressetl  and 
terminated  in  such  a  munncr,  as  has  wholly  disap- 
pointed the  proud  expectaiions  of  our  enemy,  rmd, 
^n  the  view  of  t!»e  world,  slied  a  lustre  on  our  na- 
tional character,  which  I  luipe  no  future  disgrace 
}Jiay  'larnis]). 

The  nations  of  Eui'ope,  after  sufTtring  an  almos'. 
jncalculable  destruction  of  property,  afcer  cb-ench- 
ing  t]ie  cartli  with  blood,  and  clothlug  tlieir  fields 
with  cai-niige,  li.ive  sunk  down  under  governments 
no  less  dcdpotic,  wit'.i  immense  Hddi':ional  Imrthens. 
Aided  by  protestant  powers,  the  pope  is  again  re- 
istored,  and  Spain  again  groans  under  tlie  terrors  of 
tb.c  inquisiti(jn.  France  is  degraded  to  a,  state  oT 
wretcliedness,  imparalleled,  ex'C.ept  in  Poland;  for 
no.\,ithsta!idi;:g  t!ie  pledge  of  kings,  tliat  when 
Napoleon  was  secured,.  France  siiauld  remain  un- 
molested.in  the  enjoyment  of  her  lilierties  and  in- 
dependence, yet  w^hen  that  object  was  iccomplis'.- 
e  U  '"oyal  ffUth  was  violated,  and  tiie  strong  liolds  of 
the  kingdom  put  in  possession  of  forcig!i  mcrcemu-y 
troop.!,  v.i'io  strip  tlie  inhabitants  of  their  Vv'ealth, 
gnd  'sp:-e.id devastation  and  icrrortlu'ough  that  opu- 
lent, polished,  and  late  powerful  nation;  while  xheir 
stupid  monarch  sits  quiel  on  iiis  throne,  witiiout  tlie 
least  exertion  to  preserve  his  own  honor,  or  any 
seeming  concern  for  tl)e  interest  and  happi.iess  of 
the  people  over  w]\om  lie  nomiirdly  r^-igns. 

If,  froiu  bcliolding  the  unhappy  state  of  Eirope, 
■we  turn  our  tv.-s  to  Ill-fated  Asia,  there  wc  behold 
despotisrn  an  1  misery  reigningtrivunphant.  Even  in 
that  vast .  nd  populous  territory  \\'hicli  lias  been  sub-: 
jected  to  'he  British  g-overnmcnt,  sofa-  are  oppres- 
sion and  superstition  from  being  exterminated  by 
England's  boasted  love  of  liberty  and  religion,  that 
the  chains  of  cruelty,  ignorance  and  idolatry  arc 
riveted  by  the  hand  of  that  nation,  which  is  almost^ 
worshipped  for  its  professed  Clulstiaiiity.  Idols  and 
idol  priests  are  supported  by  the  Briti'^li  government 
of  the  Indies,  and  a  revenue  drawi\  by  that  gavern- 
incnt  from  the  c^>llecllon  of  a  tax  UvJihI  on  those 
(leluded  pilgrims,  wlio  goto  worship,  andfi-cqucntly 
to  sacrifice  thcniselvcs  in  blind  devotion  to  their 
lifeless  gods, 

1  da  not  mention  these  things,  thinking  that  they 
have  anv  immediate  connection  with  the  business  of 
this  legislature;  but,  that  wc,  by  reviuv.ing  the 
wreck  of  nations,  and  the  horrors  of  ucspoiism,  may 
the  higher  prize,  and  more  c:irefully  feuard,  the 
rights,  and  firmly  support  the  principles  of  a  free, 
equal,  and  happy  government.  Of  ail  the  iiations 
pf  the  earth,  the  United  Slates,  alone,  are  left  to 
support  a  government,  v.ho.ie  basis  h  equal  liberty, 
and  M'hose  sovcreigiity  is  the  will  of  the  pfoplo. 
'iY|)4lej  tlteuj  we  behold  a  world  iu  clnuRs,  and  coii- 


sider  tliat  we  belong  to  the  same  mass  of  beings  of 
which  other  nations  v.vc  composed,  ought  we  nott« 
be  jealous  of  our  rights,  and  suspicious  of  usui-jiers?- 

From  what  has  already  appeared,  is  it  mtclwrita-. 
hie  to  say,  tliat  the  same  restless  ambition,  v/hicli 
lias  subverted  former  republics,  and  wliic'i  ever 
frrasps  at  power,  i-egardlcss  of  right,  now  rai ikies  ii^ 
the  very  bosom  of  our  counti-y  .''  Then,  as  faithful 
guardians  of  the  people's  rights,  ought  we  not  care- 
fully to  watch  over  our  ov.ii  hearts,  clieck  every 
inordinate  desire,  and  be  vigihutt  and  active,  lest 
tlie  subject.'-:  of  that  aspiring  ambition,  should  over- 
turn the  fair  tem])le  of  liberty,  aiul  ride  into  unli- 
mited power,  over  the  crumbling  monuments  of 
freedom,  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  blood  of  our 
heroes  ?  Our  rights  and  indciiendencc  cannot  be  too. 
well  guarded;  for  though  few  \\ill  openly  declaim 
against  a  republican  fijrm  of  govcrstment,  as  being 
the  most  happy,  while  the  people  continue  tranquil 
among  themselves,  and  undisturbed  by  foa-eign  wars 
— ^}"et  many  have  presumed  to  affirm,  that  it  is  toq, 
weak,  and  too  tardy  in  its  operations,  to  protect  its 
citizens  against  domestic  insiu'gents  or  foreign  inva- 
ders, liut  we  have  seen,  by  experience,  the  falla-. 
cy  of  such  assertions;  for,  m  the  late  contest,  the 
strength  of  our  government  has  bcenamph'  proved, 
even  at  a  time  when  party  spirit  prevailed  to  a.s 
high  a  degree  as  an  cnlig'ntened  poijulace  would 
admit. 

Although,  in  th.e  first  stages  of  the  war,  owing  to. 
a  long  interval  of  peace,  which  it  was  tiie  interest 
and  the  liappiness  of  our  government  to  cherish,, 
until  safety  forbid,  we  were  destitute  of  such  expe- 
rienced oMlcers  and  disciplined  troops,  as  .seemed 
requisite  to  meet  the  well-tutored  h.osts  of  one  of 
tiic  most  formidable  nations  in  the  world,  whose 
perpetual  wars  keep  her  ill  cons^tant  readiness  for 
any  new  military  enterprize  ;  and  notwithstanding- 
we  suffered  some  disasters  through  the  failure  of  a 
few,  who  did  no  honor  to  tlteir  commissioiis,  yet,  in 
a  short  tir.ie,  w.is  our  army  so  officered  and  discip- 
lined, tliat  wJienever  tlie  enemv  c-amc  in  contact 
with  an  equal,  and  often  an  inferiqr  number  of  our  • 
troops,  he  v/aa  corupclled  to  yield  the  palm  of  vic- 
toiy,  and  cither  surrender,  or  retire  from  tlie  scenq 
of  action,  confused,  disgraced  and  abashed.  ^Vil- 
ness  our  illustrious  victories  neai-  the  shores  of  Erie. 
Even  our  militia  have  trampled  on  the  fading  lau- 
reH  of  British  prowess.  'Wnat  was  the  state  of 
Praetor  In  the  Vv  est }  Let  Harrison  reply.  AVhcre 
is  that  formidable  army  that  invaded  from  the  north.? 
Let  Prevost  mform.  "W'liere  :u-e  the  boasting  legions, 
Ihished  with  European  victories,  that  assailed  the 
sor.th  .''  Let  England  a-isvver  witli  a  sigh  ;  let  Jack- 
icn  point  to  their  relics  ;  while  the  faithful  page  of 
liistoiy  records  their  doom  ! 

Our  naval  victories  have  been  no  less  conspicuous. 
On  the  ocean  ar.d  on  the  lakes,  our  flag  has  waved 
triumph:'ait  over  Britain's  woiu^ded  pride  and  expir- 
ing nav.d  gloiy. 

in  the  Mediterranean,  the  brave  Decatur  and  lii.s 
gallant  fVUovis,  with  but  a  part  of  their  little  squad- 
ron liMVc,  in  the  space  of  a  few  days,  humbled  tJiG 
dey  of  Algiers,  and  compelltd  him  to  ac-^ept  a  i>eace 
dictated  by  tlie  victor.  Tiiis,  several  of  the  great 
naval  powers  of  Europe  l;ave  frequently  attempted, 
ii!  vain. 

"Who  then,  bu^,  with  a  blush,  can  spesk  of  ths 
weakness  of  our  goveriiment  to  withstand  foreign 
invasion  .' 

And  l::is  it  n  )t  proved  equally  adequate  to  tlie 
suppression  of  insurrection  .''  Has  not  every  former 
faftio.tbetn  crushed,  in  its  first  overt  act^  of  op^^r 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TENNESSEE  LEGISIATURE.        I79 


aition  ?  And  where  is  that  most  formuLble  of  aii  peopie,  I  en: er tain  the  hiti^hest  confidence  In  yoiu: 
fitctions,  Miiicli  threatened  the  dismemberment  of  wisdom  and  integrity,  to  ])erform  every  legislative 
the  union,  or  the  total  subversion  of  our  constitu-  duty,  and  especially  to  su])ply  the  various  offices 
tional  fovcrninent  ?  Althougii  it  was  long-  dissemi-  within  your  jurisdiction,  by  the  appointment  of  such 
Hating- its  poison,  and  orig'inuting-  its  plans;  it  pe-;  persons  as  are  lovers  of  justice,  and  suitably  qualin- 
rished  at  last  in  embryo.     Happy  for  its  supporters!  ed  to  fill  their  several  stations  so  as  shall  conduce 


that  it  ended  in  resolutions  and  declamations  ;  for, 
had  their  tiireatened  hostilities  actually  commenced, 
they  would  have  been  trampled  in  the  dust  by  the 
very  people  they  were  endeavoring'  to  allure  to  ruin. 
I  do  not  make  these  remarks  with  a  desig-n  to 
revive  and  strengthen  tliose  party  prejudices,  which 
unhappily  exist  among  us,  but  to  increase  our  con- 
fidence in  that  government  which  we  have  adopted, 
and  to  excite  our  energies  to  coiuntej-act  every  at- 
tempt to  overthrow  it,  for  I  well  know  tiiat  a  re- 
pubi;:aa  government  rests,  principally,  on  the  union 
-of  the  peojjie.  A  union  formed  ^nd  miiii-.tained  for 
the  ^jupport  of  rational  libertv  both  civil  and  reli- 
gious, is  an  oljject  so  dear  to  me,  t]);'t  [  l^.avc  not 
failed  to  recommend  ic  on  all  suitable  occasions;  and 
hope  ever  to  recommeiid  it  by  correspontling  exam- 

I  rejoice  that  we  have  been  so  far  imitcti,  that  tli 
.constitution  of  this,  as  Avell  as  that  of  the  United 
States,  lias  survived  the  violence  of  the  .storm,  and 
defied  the  threatening  surges  of  the  times.     When 
tlic  citizens  of  this  state  sav/  an  attempt  at  such  an 
alteration  in  their  constitution,  a<«  would  remove  the 
election  and  accountability  o*"  many  of  their  officers, 
and  a  greater  and  truly  d'jng-erous  distance  from 
them — v.'ithout    distinction   of  jw.rty    they    rallied 
round  the  standard  of  their  liberty,  tn  in  the  exer- 
cise of  their  sovereig-nt^-,   secured  the  h:ipp3'  form 
and    principles  of   ^  g-ovemment,  vhose  pec-'diar 
ble.i.sings   they  h»d  lonni-  enjoyed.      1  »m  tkr  rmrri 
believing-  that  anv  human  ^'T>v;•'•r,men■^  is  so  reri'ii'd 
as  to  admit  of  no  improvement;  yet.  fimendnients 
should  be  made  in  a  time  of  general  tranquility; 
when  the  passions  iind  prejudices  of  tiie  jieople  u-e 
at  rest ;  when  tiiey  can  enter  upon  the  most  cool  and 
deliberate  investigation  ;  and  then  should  they  pro- 
ceed witii  the  utmost  caution  ;  for,  wlien  a  r-ght  is 
once  surrendered,  it  is  i;eldm  rv.^,ilned  but  by  wading- 
through  scenes  or"uiood,  jlVlC,  even  then  too  frequent- 
ly, tlic  most  desperate  cfloi-ts  are  in  vain.  The  strug-- 
gles  oT  France,  in  her  first  revolution,  to  cmanciputc 
herself  from  thesf-alUng  c'lains  of  de.ixn  i.-'m,  are  ji 
awful  lesson  to  the  woi-kl ;  and  siiouid  teach  -as  the 
d;inge-i-  and  folly  of  neglecting  our  riglits  even  while 
m  the  most  quiet  possession,  lest  by  our  supineness, 
we  lose  those  ineslimablc  bk-ssliigs,  v.hicii  we  have 
been  able  to  retain  througli  the  dniiculties  and  dan- 
gers of  war— for  the  aspiring-  an;l  a.nbitious  :u-e  ever 
ready  to  grasp  the  rigiits  and  privileges  of  tite  peo- 
ple, the  moment  they  come  within  tlieir  reach. 

Not  having  of  late  been  engaged  in  the  business 
of  legislation,  and  fearing  that  I  have  already  tres- 
passed upon  your  patience,  I  shall  not  attempt  at 
this  time,  to  jioint  out  such  alterations  and  amend- 
ments in  our  laws,  as  tiie  c'aange  of  times,  and  other 
causes  may  rcquii-e. 

The  education  of  our  youth  is  an  object  of  such 
importance,  that  it  cannot  fail  of  exciting  jcur  at- 
tention, and  receiving  your  fostering  care." 

In  tlie  full  and  prosperous  tide  of  commerce  I 
trust  you  will  not  negUct  our  infant  ni:uiu''icturc,-i, 
which,  if  rigiitly  impj-oved,  cannot  fail  to  increase 
x)-ar  wealth  and  real  independence. 

I  shall  at  all  times  firmly  rely  on  your  cordial  sup- 
port, in  the  faithful  discharge  of  the  arduous  duties 
that  dev  ' 

jmpre 


to  the  safety  and  liappiness  of  individuals,  as  well 
as  the  honor  and  interest  of  the  state. 

All  such  commtuiications  as  I  may  receive,  for 
your  consideration,  either  from  the  general  go^  ern- 
ment,  from  sister  states,  or  other  sources,  will  be 
seasonably  laid  fccfcrc  }ou. 

I  shall,  gentlemen,  clieerfclly  conc'i.r  witli  }ou,  in 
every  measure,  calculated  to  promote  the  welfare 
of  our  constituents  ;  aiul  it  is  my  ardent  desire, 
that  a  spirit  of  harmony  may  prevail  among  us — and 
that  t'le  blessing  of  tliat  Supreme  Hein.g,  wiio  pre- 


sides over  ti>.e  affairs  of  staits  and  natio.i:-^ 


muv  at 


Lend  us  in  all  otu 
Gctobci;  1815. 


deliberations. 

JOXA3  GALUSIIA. 


J^eo-islature  of  Tennessee. 

The  legiihtture  of  Tennessee  convened  at  Na^h-. 
ville  on  the  18tli  ult.  and  proceeded  immediately  to 
business. 

On  coimting  the  votes  received  for  governor,  it 
anpeared  tiiat  there  were — 

For  Jos.  TvI'Minn  14030 

Robert  Weakley  602S 

Jesse  Wharton  5913 

Mr.  Foster  C>626 

?fr.  Johnson  24-ir 

So  that  Joseph  M'>.finn  was  elected  governor,  in 
tl'.e  place  of  Willie  Blount,  wh.o  !ias  served  rdready 
for  six  years,  the  full  term  perniiited. by  tiie  consti- 
tution. The  icfislature  Iiave  passed  a  vote  of  thanks 
to  g-overnor  Piount  "or  t'seable  discharge  of  lus  du- 
ty during  the  term  of  his  seiwice. 
The  following  is  tl;e 

GO'vF.R^OirS  MESSAGE. 
Senaiors  end  representatives  of  the  g-euerat  assemblij  of- 
the  state  of  Tennessee  ; — 
GEJfTiEiiE^T — I  have  a  peculiar  gratification   in 
tendering  to  voti  my  congratulations  upon  the  return 
ofa  safe,  honorable  and  iidvantiixccous  peace  between 
tlie  United  Sl-ttes  and  Great  i>ritain,  after  a  strug- 
urle  for  three  years  m  a  war  declared  for  i.   e  mairiLe 
njnce  of  our  rignts,  and  in  stipport  of  o.ir  republican 
institutions — for  this  peace,  iionorab'y  obcaiacd,  w^ 
are,  under  tiie  favorai>le  disposition  of  Divine  Pro- 
vidence, principally  indebted  to  the  unceiiying  ex- 
erdons  of  tiie  able  and  virtuous  administrators  of 
the  general  government — to  tiie  taleiits  ;aul  atten^ 
tion  of  o;ir  negociators,  and  to  victories  obtainet 
over  the  enemy  by  our  :irmies  and  navy,  togeti<cr 
with  the  suiDport  of  every  patriotic  state  in  the 
union — the  peace  wiil  be  durable  iiecause  tiuis  ob- 
tained.    The  hite  ■var  has  proved  that  a  re'publicau 
government  is  not  only  best  calculated  to  proiaote 
"t!ie  happiness  of  man,  in  times  of  tr.inquility,  but 
capable  also  of  v/itlistanding'  the  rude  sliocks  of  -.var. 
I  Such  a  govtrnmcnt  is  worthy  of  tiie  best  .support  of 
freemen  ;  it  adds  greatly  to  my  satisfaction  to  ii.-.ve 
it  in  my  po-.vcr  to  say  that  the  state  ofTeniiesseeJu.;, 
from  liie  commencement  to  t!ie  ter;r.i;iation  of  tiu-. 
late  v-ar,  fc-.ithfuliy,zealously,andhonorul)iy  donehei- 
duty,  and  that  in  every  trial  with  tne  enemy,  victor^ , 
of  the  most  brilliant  and  decisive  kind,  h.is  crown- 
ed the  exertions  of  her  militia  and  volunteera' en- 
levolve  upon  me.     And  having  endeavored  toj  gaged  in  tlie  conflicts — victi.-rics  wnicli  Imvc  excited 
;3s  your  mir.ds  uith  a  due  sense  of  the  respon-|  the  admiration  of  the  >.merican  government,  and  ot 


pon-| 


^ihiiitv,  that  rests  9^1  the  representatives  of  u  free 'the  '.y^olo  people  of  the  United  States  ;  and  -/vluch 


180    N^LES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  il, 


have  astonished  iind  confounded  the  enemies  of  i-e- 
|jnl>"iican  g'overnment  throughout  the  world — Victo- 
ries h}-  tlieni  in  part  obtained,  when  acting  in  con- 
junction with  the  brave  regular  forces  and  others, 
cemnianded   by   the  gallant  Jackson,    which  have 
{'•iven  to  Tennessee  a  iiigh  standing  and  winch  will, 
^1  ail  niture  times,  as  \\l\[  as  for  tlic  present,  secure 
ia  'Jie  commanding  general,  the  militia,  volunteers 
;^nd'regidars  under  his  command,  a  lasting  fame,  and 
vill"  cntiile  them  to  the  iiTnligncd  thanks  of  tlici, 
fellow  citizens  ;  their  exertions  have  s.ived  a  valu- 
able country,  and  rendered  the  condition  of  a  meri- 
toriovis  population  therein,  safe  and  comfortable — 
•a  country  which  aiTords  the  outlet  to  the  redundant 
producc'of  the  west,   and  the  inlet  to  many  of  our 
emnforrs.     Tlie  expedition  used  in  descending  the 
viver  to  meet  the  enemy,  was  never  surpassed — the 
"hand  of  tt  favorable   Providence  was  surely   witli 
them  ;  wliich,  with  the  best  human  exertions  in  any 
laudable  undertaking,  is  sufficient  to  eusm-e  success. 
In  executing  the  duties  enjoined  upon  the  exe- 
cutive of  this  state  by  the  highly  patriotic  act  of 
'  the  gcnend  assembiy,  passed  on  the  2-ith  of  Sep- 
tember, ItlA,  giving  to  him  authority  to  call  out  a 
jj;ivcn  number  of  tlie  militia  and  volunteers,  as  also 
to  provide  U-mporarily  for  then-  support  and  equip- 
men':,  \o  act  in  concert  vvi'h  ti-oops  ordered  out  by 
the  generul  governmt.nt  against  the  hostile   Creek 
Indians,  for  tl^e  i-eiicf  of  tiie  people  of  tlic  Mississippi 
territory,  tlien  exposed  to  savage  depredations;  and 
also  to'provJde  more  eliectually  for  the  safety  •  T 
eur  frontier  settlers — many   difficulties    were  ex- 
perienced   by   liini,    but    much    greater    were    ex- 
perienced and  borne  by  the  troops  called  into  tinu 
sei-vice;  tijose  difficuUies  were  in  part  occasioned 
by  tJie  existing  emergenc}',  and  tlie  necessity  for 
iinmediatt  active  operation;,  sgains;  the  enemy — to 
tlie  want  of  open  routes  for  ready  communication 
with  the  commanding  general — to  the  want  of  roads 
.'•jkI    places    of    deposit    at    convenient    distances 
tiirouglioutthe  Indian  country,  which  led  to  the  con- 
seq.ic'nt  difficulty  ofsui)plying  the  troops  wiUi  provi- 
sions in  due  time  f  Dr  tueir  comfort,  v>  Lilst  they  were 
undc.'goir.g  every  hai'dshij),  and  anxious  to  meet  the 
enem)^ — tiiese  obst.icies,  with  many  others,  however, 
'.\=ere  met  with  a  zerd  to  overcome  them,  and  were 
,  surmounted  in  tlic  best  manner,  which  imder  all  cir 


forever  felt  and  remembered  with  gratitude  to  the 
actors,  by  the  pojnilation  of  the  whole  south-wes- 
tern section  of  the  nation,  ajul  by  the  general  go- 
vernment. The  hostile  Creeks  have  been  conquer- 
ed, and  the  better  portion  of  tlieir  country  obtain- 
ed by  treaty  as  a  pledge  of  their  future  good  beha- 
vior, whereby  great  strength  and  a  permanent  peace 
is  secured,  not  only  to  our  immediate  frontier,  but 
to  tlie  neighboring  states  and  territories,  (ireater 
achievements  and  more  imixirtant  benefits  have  not 
resulted  from  the  active  conduct  and  bravei-y  of  any , 
men — They  have  deserved  well  of  their  couutrj  . 
The  Cherokee  Indians,  headed  bv  that  distinguish- 

1  of  1  he  United 


I'sran,  m  an 


ed  hero,  colonel  Gideon  Mor^.- 

States'  arms,  hi  that  conflict,  are,  as  well  as  colonel 
Morgan,  well  entitled  to  the  highest  praise  ;  his 
and  their  bravery  will  be  recollected  with  pleasure 
!)y  all  who  know  their  conduct  in  the  several  liattles 
>vi.h  the  Oeeks,  ajid  particularly  at  the  battle  of 
the  Ilorse-Shoe  or  Tohopeka. 

In  compliance  with  a  resolution  of  the  last  assem- 
bly, passed  the  27th  of  September,    1813,  authoris- 
ing tjie  executive  to  appoint  a  confidential  agent  to 
go  to  the  Choctaw  nation,  if  hi  his  opinion  it  siiould 
be  necessai-y,  the   better  to  secure  the  settlers  on 
■fombigbee  from  savage  depredations,   I  appointed 
colonel  John  M'Kee,  an  agent  on  that  mission — Ids 
qualifications  in  all  respects  wt-re  as  good  as  could 
be  ulshed — he  immediately  proceeded  thitlier;  the 
United  States'  agent  to  that  nation  was  absent,  and 
colonel  M'Kee's  arrival  there  at  the  time  he  did 
was  most  fortunate  for  the  people  on  that  frontier, 
and  highly   important  in  other    respects — Ids  exer- 
tions rendered  in  aid  of  the   general   policy  of  the 
United  States,    and  the    particular    objects  of  his_ 
mission,  gi-eatly  tended  towards  the  preservation  of 
that  frcmtier,  if  not   saved  those  exposed  settlers 
from  destruction,  before  any  other  relief  intended 
by  the  pro\  isions   of  the  act  of  the   24th  Septem- 
ber, to  be  ahbrded  them,   could  be  carried  into  ef- 
fect— as  that  resolution  was  passed  to  make  a  part 
of  the  aid  intended  to  be    afforded  to  the   general 
government  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war  against^ 
the  hostile  Creek  Indians,  and  for  the  protection  of 
the  frontier  settlers  of  the  Mississippi  territory,  of 
which   i;-ovcrnmcnt   was    immediately  advised.      I 
have  full  confidence  that  the  expense  incurred  un- 
cunistances  it  was  found  practicable  to  pursue;  and'der  it  will  be  defniyed  by  the  general  government, 
the  objcctr,  of  thatact  wlilch  was  so  replete  with  Uiejandthat  the  services  of  the  agent  will  be  duly  ap- 
nnost  jjatriotlc  provisions  that  ever  was  enacted  by  jprecla'icd  and  rewarded. 

any  legislature  of  a  state,  have  been  carried  into  ef-j  In  the  course  of  the  last  year,  major-general 
feet  without  leaving  the  state  liable  for  the  paym.ent  |  Jackson,  \<\\h  the  view  of  more  ctt'ectually  promot- 
ofany  monies  authorised  therein  to  be  borrowed,  ihig  the  safety  of  this  frontier,  made  a  movement 
if  necessary,  altho'  there  did,  for  a  short  time,  exist  j  against  Pensacola,  winch  place  had  long  been  aren- 
a  necessity  for  making  to  the  contractor,  sonie  ad-jde.;vous  for  the  em-niics  to  our  peace,  and  from 
vance  of  monev,  the  better  to  enable  lum  to  furnish  (which  jiiace  much  evil  ensued  fcir  nnmy  years  to 
])rovisions,   wiien,    for    that    purpose,   I    borrowed!  the  frontier  settlers  of  this  state,   and  to  the  nelgh- 


f}i5,0()0  from  the  state  b;nik  (tlue  one  nearest  to 
iiis  residonce)  and  gave  m}'  note,  whirl p  ]iotc  the 
contractor  took  up  by  the  time  it  became  d\ie. — The 
ohjccts  contemplated  by  tliat  act  have  been  effected 
in  a  manner  hlglily  honoiiiblo  to  the  state,  and  glo- 
rious to  the  troops  of  'J'ennessee,  and  the  39th 
regiment  of  the  United  States,  who  v/cre 
^n  that  arduous  conflict — a  conriict  rendered  ar<lu- 
ous  mostly  by  the  obstacles  to  ti'anspoj-tatjon  of 
fupplies,  &c.  as  abovementioned,  as  Tennesbcans 
'Jiiive  Uo  difficulty  in  fighting  their  enemies  or  the 
enemies  of  their  country — the  good  ch'eets  which 
iiave  resulted  fioni  the  passage  of  that  patriotic  act, 
Tiiul  from  the  promptiluile,  valor  and  good  conduct 
of  the  militia,  voiimteers  and  regulars,  and  in  fact 
tfiom  the  patriotic  exertions  of  the  general  popula- 
lion  of  Tciinc«e&,  to  promots  the  son-ice,,  will  be 


boring  states  and  territories.  He  was  aided  in  that 
mosthuidablc  undertaking  by  a  brigade  of  volun- 
teers from  this  state,  commanded  by  general  Cofiee.^ 
This  afibrds  an  additional  evidence  of  the  zeal  of 
'I'^nnessccans  in  support  of  measures  calculated  to 
frustrate  the  objects  of  the  enemy,  and  to  prmnote 
engaged  I  the  peace  tuid  safetv  of  their  fellow  cili:^ens.  The 
'ivsuU  of  that  movenient  was  the  surrender  of  Ten- 
sacoia  to  general  Jaeksoit,  and  the  dispersion  of  tiie 
British  fleet  and  forces  stationed  there— among  the 
good  eflects  tlierefiom,  may  be  reckoned  the  great- 
er siifetv  of  Mobile  at  :i  very  critical  period  of  the 


to- 


v.ar,  an.l;.  f;ivor;iblc  change   in   Spanish  policy 
Wards  the  United  States,  :ind  greater  certainty  of  a 
permanent  peace  on  our  frontiers.     I'he  actoi's  de- 
serve well  of  their  countrv. 
In  ciick  .'Jid  every  call'l  have  had  the  honor  to 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 

Foreign  Articles. 


181 


jTiake  upon  the  militia  or  volunteers,  in  compluoice 
with  requisitions  from  the  w  ar  department,  I  feel 
pleasure  in  declaring'  my  gratification  at  witnessing- 
their  promptitude,  zeal  and  patriotism  in  attending- 
thereto — and  I  have  also  abundant  reason  to  feel 
grateful  to  the  whole  people  of  Tennessee  for  their 
patriotic  exertions  on  such  occasions  to  promote  tlie 
service.  TJie  good  conduct  of  the  troops  on  their 
marcli  to  the  places  appointed  for  rendezvous,  is 
acknowledged  witli  pleasure.  The  exertions  of 
officers,  in  arming,  cqaipping-  and  organizingthe  sc- 
vei-al  detachmen  •  wfuch  have  been  called  into  ser- 
vice from  time  to  time,  and  the  celerity  of  move- 
ment from  tlie  places  of  rendezvous,  and  the  des- 
patch in  general  used  to  get  to  the  scenes  of  action, 
vdll  entitle  them  to  tlie  tlianks  of  theu-  country. 


[Some 
omitted.] 


paragraphs   on  local  matters   are   here 


As  my  term  of  service  is  now  about  to  expire,  I 
forbear  to  make  a  more  general  recommendation  of 
measures  connected  with  the  interest  of  tlie  state, 
under  a  thorough  conviction  tliat  my  worthy  succes- 
sor will  cull  the  attention  of  the  legislature  to  all 
important  objects  of  state  policy  and  interest. 

For  some  years  past  it  has  been  my  duty  to  make 
executive  communications  and  recommendations  of 
measures  which  I  thought  connected  with  the  inte- 
rest of  the  state,  to  the  general  assembly,  and  as 
this  is  the  last  I  may  ever  make  to  that  regular  au- 
thority, I  will  through  your  honorable  body  indulge 
myself  in  expressing  my  grateful  sense  of  the  atten- 
tion which  former  legislatures  have  paid  to  subjects 
Whicli  I  have  had  the  honor  to  recommend  to  their 
consideration;  their  support  has  been  sensibly  felt 
by  me,  and  it  has  produced  benefits  to  the  state; 
the  good  eftects  of  many  important  measures  wliich 
have  from  time  to  time  originated  with  the  general 
assemblv,  and  that  body  adopted,  are  manifest  to 
their  constituents,  and  so  far  as  it  has  been  my  duty 
,to  act  in  complianoc  with  their  provisions,  it  has  af- 
forded me  great  pleasure  to  discharge  it  as  f.uthful- 
Iv  as  was  in  my  power.  In  a  word,  the  harmony 
which  has  prevailed  between  the  executive  and  le- 
gislative branches  of  the  government  for  the  time  I 
iiave  been  in  office,  in  all  measures  considered  in- 
teresting to  the  state,  or  to  the  peojile,  has  been 
such  as  to  produce  most  pleasant  reflections;  that 
an  equal  degree  of  harmony  may  continue  to  pre- 
vail between  those  two  branches,  is  my  tlcsirc;  the 
continuanceof  it  will  be  attended  with  the  happiest 
effects  to  our  common  country,  the  prosperity  of 
which  in  whatsoever  situation  I  m:iy  be  placed,  will 
at  all  times  be  most  interesting  to  one  who  has  for 
many  years  zealously  labored  to  promote  it.  1  do 
most  sincerely  rejoice  at  the  arrival  of  the  period 
wjicn  I  am  to  retire  to  private  life.  In  future,  my 
time  will  be  devoted  to  pursuits  unconnected  with 
the  active  scenes  of  public  relation,  and  I  ^eg  leave 
through  the  medium  of  your  honorable  body,  cre- 
ated by  an  expression  of  the  will  of  the  people,  to 
tender  them  my  best  wishes  for  tlieir  happincis, 
and  to  acknowledge  the  high  sense  1  entertain  of 
tlie  repeated  expressions  of  their  confidence  in  me, 
as  manifested  b}'  tlielr  lUibiassed  voti.  at  tlic  general 
elections  held  for  the  three  preceding-  year.s,  coniid- 
Jng  to  my  trust  the  exercise  of  executive  duties — 
those  duties  have  been  discharged  faithfully,  as  1 
believe,  and  whether  the  execution  of  them  has,  or 
may  prodii.;e  benefits  to  oiu' community  or  not,  the 
people  can  judge. 

WJ[LIJE  BLOUNT. 
jVashville,  September  19. 


Pr.RSECUTIOX  OF  THE  SPANISH  PATRIOTS.       A  T/OndoH 

paper  of  August  24  exhibits  a  review  of  the  "tm- 
grateful  persecutiovi"  of  the  great  men  who  h.ul 
struggled  for  the  indcjjendcnce  of  Spain.  He  gives 
a  list  of  thirty  distinguished  members  of  the  Cortes, 
or  Spanish  congress,  imprisoned  at  Madi-id  after 
the  restoration  of  Ferdinand  Wl.  Senor  Antillon 
was  dragged  out  of  his  b*-d  in  a  dangerous  disease 
by  the  king's  officers  and  hurried  awyy  in  a  cart  to 
Saragossa :  he  died  on  the  journey!  Besides  tiie 
deputies,  every  conspicuotis  naval  and  military  offi- 
cer has  been  either  imprisoned  or  banished  ;  among 
them  are  admiral  Valdes,  who  was  governor  of  Ca- 
diz during  the  seige  ;  lieutenant-g-eneral  Compans, 
the  defender  of  Tarlfta ;  Villacan;pa,  governor  of 
-Madrid;  and  the  ex-minister  of  war  O'Donojo,  S-c. 
84C.  &c. 

"Lieutenant-general  Lacy  has  been  banished,  who 
was  general  in  chief  of  the  army  of  reserve  of  (Jalli- 
cia,  and  who  distinguished  himself  so  much  in  the 
war  of  the  peninsula.  In  fact  it  may  be  observed,  lliat 
almost  all  the  chiefs  who  conducted  the  war  with 
sucsess  have  been  discarded,  imprisoned,  or  baiush 
ed. 

"  Every  journalist  who  supported  the  character'  of 
the  government  during  the  revolution,  is  eiUier  a^' 
fugitive,  or  groans  in  dungeons,  or  has  Ijeen  con- 
demned to  bunishment,  or  tu  the  fv^rtres-ses.  This, 
iiowever,  can  be  no  ground  of  Moader,  wiien  it  is 
known,  that  the  nmtiber  of  persons  in  prison,  in 
Spain,  for  their  political  opinions,  is  sunpo.-.<.d  t 
exceed  51,000 ! !  !" 

The  principles  and  mode  of  tlie  mock  trials  are 
consistent  with  the  king's  despotic  motives  :  Tiie 
Alcaldes  de  Corte,  or  justices  of  the  king's  house- 
hold, twice  refused  to  t;Jcc  cognizance  of  them. 

"  In  the  first  place  of  these  judges,  Senor  Las.su- 
ca,  was  at  the  same  time  judge,  witness  and  acctucr. 
The  principal  charges  brought  agtlnst  the  deputies, 
were,  the  haviiig  appro\  ed  of  the  two  decrees  of  tlie 
1st  of  Januaiy,  1814,  and  the  2d  of  Febra.irv,  1814, 
upon  the  conduct  Mliich  the  army  and  the  autiiori- 
ties  should  observe  in  case  the  king  .should  present 
himself  on  the  frontiers  of  the  kingdom,  either  sur- 
rounded witli  tlie  troops  of  Bonaparte,  or  under  his 
influence.  These  two  decrees,  known  in  almost  all 
Europe,  and  particularly  by  the  allied  powers,  wei'e 
higlily  ai^platided  for  t-lie  patrioti,c  sentiments  with 
which  they  abound  ;  particidarly  by  tlie  latter  de- 
cree, which  was  justly  celebrated  in  England,  be- 
catise  it  annulled  the  peace  concluded  at  Valency 
between  king  Ferdinand  and  Bonaparte. 

"  Besides  these  cliarges  of  accusation,  was  that 
of  not  having  approved  in  the  Cortes  a  m.otion  made 
by  father  Ostoleza,  who  is  at  present  one  of  tlit 
principal  of  the  king's  councillors.  Almost  all  the 
charges,  as  being  ridiculous,  may  be  passed  over  in 
silence  ;  but  it  is  not  possible  to  do  tiie  same  with 
regard  to  the  acts  of  illegality  committed  in  tlie 
conduct  of  tlie  trials.  The  cliief  of  these  illegal 
acts  were,  that  almost  all  the  sentences  were  passed, 
when  the  processes  were  still  in  a  state  oi  sumarlo. 
— that  is,  before  the  accused  could  defend  tiiem- 
selves  ;  before  they  had  brnugiit  forwartl  witnesses 
for  their  exculpation;  which  is  tlie  s;inie  as  if  in 
England  the  accused  were  cuiidemncd  upon  n<' 
otiier  evidence  tlian  that  of  the  coroner's  inqnes!  .• 
for  that  V.  liich  in  Spsin  is  called  the  snmario  ox  a  pro- 
cess, is  nothing-  else  but  the  first  information. — 
Tiiose  processes,  in  which  a  regidar  course  has  been 
piU'sued,  abound  with  a  thousand  otlier  inv.didator;. 
circumstances.      Among   these   one   of   the   most 


1 82     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  1815. 


^hocklnj  is,  that  of  the  persons  accused  liavhig  been 
prevented  from  defending'  themselves  in  person  be- 
fore the  tribunal,  v/hicli  tlie  laws  of  Spain  authorises 
tliem  to  do. 

"It  would,  however  require  volumes  to  detail  all 
tlie  acts  of  injustice  committed  in  Spain  since  the 
retuni  of  the  king-,  wliose  ung-r:iteful  conduct  to- 
wards his  best  defenders  and  servants,  is  well 
jfenown  tiiroughout  all  Europe." 

Of  the  judges  we  f  re  presented  with  this  sketch  : 

"The  president,  lieutcnunt-g'eneral  don  Joseph' 
Artcajja,  was  in  Ceuta  during  almost  all  thr.t  period, 
iind  ^tlierefore  never  saw  a  single  cneni}-,  which  is 
certainly  no  liigh  compliment  to  liis  valor  and  p:;- 
triousm.  He  however  inig'ht  ])ass  for  a  ;;-ood  patriot 
by  the  side  of  his  colleag-ues  in  the  commission, 
ivhicli  h  composed  of  four  otlier  individuals  besides 
himself.  The  first  of  these  is  the  Conde  del  Pii>ar, 
who  at  tjic  bcg-iniiing-  of  the  insurrection  in  1808, 
Was  sent  into  Asiiu-las,  in  order  to  preach  obedience 
and  submission  ic  the  intrunve  govei-nmenf.  He  fol- 
^Ued  this  commiL:3);)n  with  so  much  zeal,  that  he 
ivas  Vvitliin  an  inch  of  being'  cut  in  pieces,  throiitjli 
0  populai-  commotion  in  tiie  town  of  Oviedo,  wiiicii 
was  allayed,  among  others  by  don  Alvaro  Flares  de 
Estrada,  who  v.as  at  that  time  procurator-general 
oftlte  principality  of  tlie  Aslurias,  but  wliose  great 
services,  imd  his  laving  been  the  first  authority  thr.t 
in  Sp  dn  declared  war  against  Eomipfalc,  have  been 
insufficient  to  protect  him  from  tlie  present  perse- 
cution, anu  he  is  now  a  refugee  in  England. 

"  Tlie  fcecond  person  in  the  commis.sion,  Senoi- 
Gaiiaiio,  was  one  of  the  judge':  of  tJie  criminal 
junta  established  at  Madrid  by  thf  French  rfovt-i-ti- 
ment.  It  appears  that  it  lias  always  been  his  fate  to 
persecute  the  patriots.  In  1S09,  ho  persecuted  in 
tlie  name  of  Josepli  Napoleon,  the  defenders  of  tlie 
independence  of  his  country,  as  hi  1814,  imder  Fer- 
dinand Yll,  he  condemned  as  criminals  the  patriots 
who  had  fought  and  bled  in  the  same  catise. 

Tlie  third,  Scnor  Lasanea,  who,  as  mentioned 
above,  appears  imder  tlie  triple  character  of  inform- 
er, witness  and  judge,  signed  an  iiumble  and  re- 
spectful exposition  which  tlie  council  of  Castile  ad- 
dressed t'j  Bonaparte  in  v.liicii  tliey  begged  aa  indi- 
vidual of  his  family  fur  liing  of  Spain, 

"  The  fourtli  is  Scnor  Mosquera,  auditor  of  the 
audiencia  of  the  Caraccas,  who,  when  news  arrive*.! 
in  tliat  country  of  the  abdication  of  Charles  IV.  and 
J'erdinand  \\l.  at  Bayonne,  did  aU  in  his  ]5o\vcr  to 
procure  .Miirat's  being  acknowledged  in  the  Carac- 
jCas  s.",  general  vicegerent  of  the  kingdom. 

"  It  is  necessary  to  observe  tli.at  these  gentlemen 
took  the  oath  to  the  constitution  framed  by  tlie 
cortc;-:,  the  first  as  a  member  of  the  coimcil  of  Cas- 
tile,  the  second  and  third  as  deputies,  and  the  fourth 
as  president  of  the  regency,  which  has  given  occa- 
sion to  one  of  tlie  most  sing'ular  occurrences  that 
can  be  imagined,  and  which  is  as  follows  :  On  tlie 
trial  of  admiral  Valdes,  one  of  the  questions  put  to 
him  was,  "Why  did  you  cause  the  constitution  to  be 
sworn  in  Cadiz  f"  to  which  the  admiral  answered, 
^'because  I  was  commanded  to  do  so  by  Scnor  .Mos- 
qticra,  then  president  of  the  regency,  and  now  judge 
in  my  cause." 

03"^^  itpever  reads  this,  and  reflects  tipon  what 
the  people  of  Spain  did  and  suffered  in  the  name  and 
fur  the  benefit  of  Ferdinand,  and  does  not  wish  tli 
ungrateful  fool  and  his  monks  were  at  the  bottom  of 
Ihe  Hed  Sea,  must  have  excellent  ideas — of  "legiti- 
macy." 

•Marslial  J\'rii — Paris,  September  1 — A  justificatory 
memoir  from  marslial  Xcy  has  been  published.  Ji 
,h  signed  by  on.e  ef  our  m^st  d^tinjjiushcd  adv'3';at^s. 


M.  Berryer,  senior.  As  marslial  Ney  lies  under  an 
accusation,  and  is  liable  to  capital  punishment,  v.-e- 
do  not  wish  in  any  respect  to  infiuence  the  opinion 
of  oiu-  readers.  \Ve  shall  merely  st:.te  the  princi' 
pal  points  on  which  his  defence  is  founded.  '"Till 
the  evening  of  the  loth  March,  marshal  Ney  had 
passed  for  a  miui  of  honor.  '  ComniiUided  hy  his 
majesty  on  the  Ttli  of  that  month  to  march  agiimst 
Bonaparte  and  give  him  battle,  he  served  loyally  in 
heart  and  intention  (says  ?»I.  Bcrrver)  lie  cause  of 
his  king  wliich  he  had  espoused  with  ardor. 

"In  the  night  of  the  l,3tli  Mar^.h,  the  emissaries 
of  Bonaparte  came  to  the  marshal.  They  fcimd  iiim 
in  extreme  agitation— in  a  species  of  mental  derange- 
ment,  fbonlversi'mnU  d^nprit )  open  to  all  imju'cs- 
sions,  and  tj-cinhliPigfor  the  f.ite  of  France.  They 
brought  to  him  a  letter  from  general  liertrand  whicli 
forciidy  pointed  out  tlie  weakness  o't  ids  position, 
and  the  cei-tainty  of  Bonapiu'te's  success. 

"According  to  this  letter,  Bonaparte  had  con- 
certed his  enterprize  with  Ausirii,  i!'iv;ngli  the  in- 
tervention of  tiie  Austrian  general  Kolher. 

"England  had  favored  nis  escape. 

"Murat  triumphantly  advanced  with  rapid  steps 
towrrds  the  North  of  Italy  to  take  his  brother-in-law 
by  the  hand. 

"Prussia  alone  could  not  oppose  herself  to  th£; 
views  of  France. 

"The  troops  of  Russia  had  returned  to  their  dis- 
tant quarters. 

"In  vain  miglit  marshal  Ney  attempt  to  make  re- 
sistance. 'I'he  means  v.'erc  no  longer  in  Ids  power. 
It  v."as  the  xub-Vwutenants  and  soldiers  who  had  re- 
called Bonap;u-te.  Tiiis  he  has  tv/enty  times  repeat* 
ed  liim.self. 

'•But  if  marshal  Ney  succeeded  in  formirig  a  fo- 
cus of  armed  opposition,  what  wotdd  be  the  result.* 
It  would  give  up  France  to  all  the  horrors  of  a  civil 
v/ar. 

"These  last  words  succeeded  in  triumphing  over 
the  better  resolutions  of  marshal  Ney. 

Hoax  at  Chester. — A  correspondent,  arrived  in 
this  neighborhood,  has  stated  lo  us  the  following 
account  of  a  curious  trick  lately  ]da}  ed  oH'  in  that 
town.  A  short  time  ago,  a  res;:)ectab!c  looking  man. 
caused  a  numb(..r  of  handbilis  to  Ije  distributed 
through  Ciiester,  in  wliich  he  informid  the  public, 
that  a  great  numbex  of  genteel  funiilies  liad  era- 
barked  at  Plymouth,  and  would  certainly  proceed 
with  the  British  regiment  ap])ointcd  to  accompany 
Bonaparte  to  St.  Helena.  He  added  furtlier,  tliat  that 
island  being  dreadfully  infested  witji  rats,  his  ma- 
jesty's ministers  had  determuied  that  it  should  be 
forthwith  cflectually  cleared  of  tliese  noxiotts  ani- 
mals. To  facilitate  this  important  purpose,  he  had 
been  deputed  to  purchase,  in  the  course  of  a  week, 
as  many  cats  and  thriving  kittens  as  coidd  possibly 
be  procured  for  money  in  that  short  space  of  time, 
and  tlierefore,  lie  publicly  offered  in  his  handbills, 
16s.  for  fS'.'ery  athletic  full  grown  tom-cat,  10s.  for 
every  adult  female  ptiss,  and  half-a-crown  for  every 
thriving,  vigorous  kitten,  titat  could  swill  milk,  pur- 
sue a  ball  of  tiiread,  or  fasten  its  young  fangs  in  a 
dying  mouse.  On  the  evening  of  the  tliird  d;i}'  after 
his  advertisement  had  been  distributed,  the  pco])le 
of  Chester  were  astonished  witli  an  irruption  of  a 
multitude  of  old  women,  boys  and  girls,  into  their 
streets,  every  one  of  whom  carried  ou  their  shotil-. 
dcrs  either  a  b.tg  or  sack,  which  appeared  pregnant, 
witlt  some  restless  animal,  tliat  seemed  laboring  intQ 
birth.  Every  ro.id — every  lane  was  tlii-mged  witli 
tills  comical  procession — and  the  wondering  spec- 
tators of  the  scene  were  involuntarily  compelled  t» 
reinc:nbcv  the  pld  riddle  about  St  Iacs— 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


183 


»As  I  was  going  to  St.  Ives, 

I  met  fifty  ilii  wivi-s, 

Every  wit'  liad  fiity  saclis, 

Every  s;ak  'mv\  fifty  rats. 

Every  cat  hail  lifty  Uktetis. 
Kittens,  cats,  sacks  and  wives. 
Mow  many  ^''-'I'e  S^i'iS  t"  ^''  Ivea.  ^ 
Before  night-fail  u  co-.^^rejiuion  of  nearly  oOOO  cats 
wci-c  collected  in  Chester.  The  happy  be^u-ers  of 
these  sweet  voiced  creatures,  proceeded  all  (as  di- 
rected by  the  advertisement,)  towards  one  street 
vith  Uieir  delectable  burdens.  Here  they  bccime 
cloocly  wedg-ed  togeth.er.  A  vocal  concert  soon  en- 
sued. '  Thewomen  screamed — t!ie  cats  squalled— 
tlie  bovs  and  srirls  sln-ieked  treble,  and  the  do.^^s  of 
t!ic  street  iiov.led  bass,  so  tliat  it  soon  became  di^H- 
cultfor  the  nicest  ear  to  ascertain  wh.elher  canine — 
feiline — or  tlie  human  tones  were  predominant. — 
Some  of  tlie  cat-bearing-  ladies,  whose  dispositions 
were  not  of  the  most  placid  nati.re,  finding-  them- 
selves annoyed  by  vlie  pressure  of  tlieir  neig-libor?, 
soon  cast  down  ti'ieir  biu-dens  and  beg-an  to  box.  A 
bittle  royal  cr.sncd.  The  c.ils  .so  inded  the  w  r- 
whoop  with  mig-ht  and  main.  Meanwhile  the  boys  of 
the  town,  who  seemed  mig-htily  to  reli.s'n  the  sport, 
v.ere  actively  employed  in  opening  the  months  of 
the  deserted  sacks,  'aiid  liberating  tlie  cats  t^pm 
tiieir  forlorn  situation. 

The  enrag-L'd  animals  bounded  immediately  on  the 
shoulders  and  heads  of  the  combatants,  and  ran 
.spitting-,  squalling-  and  clawint;-  along-  tlie  midulating 
sea  of  skulls,  towards  the  walls  of  the  houses  of  the 
c,''ood  people  of  Chester.  TJie  citizens  attracted  by 
the  noise,  hr.d  opened  tlieir  windows  to  gaze  at  the 
ItVm.  Into  these  windows  the  cats  instantimeously 
sprang,  taking  possession  of  the  rooms  by  a  novel 
kind  of  storm  or  escalade 
den  assault  on 
meats  of  the  Chestc 


they  look  o.o-e  to  exercise,  with  the  most  vmbridlcd 
svva}-,  the  power  which  the  weakness  of  their  ene- 
mies placed  in  llieir  bands.  Tiie  collective  sense 
ami  energ\^  of  m  ■nkind  !\ave  triumphed  oi'er  the  dis^ 
gusting  pretensions  ;  the  liypocviiical  professions, 
and  tlie  undisguised  ferocity  of  this  people  ;  they 
were  at  the  feet  of  their  conquerors  last  year,  and 
then,  tlieir  blustering  looks  rjid  cant  of  self-impor- 
tance,  v.on  unlooked-for  kindness  f.-om  the  genero- 
sity or  credulity  of  t!ie  allies.  Clrcumst-ances,  some-, 
thing  different  in  appearance,  but  pretty  nearly  tlie 
same  in  eifect,  have  a  second  time  placed  Francq 
imder  il^reign  domination.  Is  there  no  advan.iage  in 
teaciiing  such  a  people  that  they  c.mnot  molest  the 
tr.mqnuity  of  the  world  'viMt  impiniiv  ?  Is  tliere 
no  advantage  in  disarming  men  who  are  still  formi- 
dable in  their  cunning  and  in  the;r  strength  ^ 

13y  the  treaty  cf  thel'olh  March,  the  several  par- 
tics  are  not  to  lay  down  their  arms  till  the  objects  of 
'he  war  are  obtained.  Are  they  obtained  when  the 
supporters  of  t5:;n:.parte  arc  advisers  of  the  Bo-ar- 
bons  ?  When  the  principal  adhei-ents  to  Bonaparte'^ 
system  still  possess  liberty,  and  honors,  and  auilio- 
rityp  When  a  scowling  .Mid  ferocious  spirit  still  agi- 
tates a  large  proportion  of  the  poptUation  of  France  .' 
"^^'ill  any  honest  man  declare,  liiat  if  the  allies  i\ad 
been  credulous  enough  to  march  to  Paris  for  the 
sole  ptu-pose  of  placing  Louis  upon  a  throne  ;uid 
hearing  the  deccitttd  shouts  of  a  m</ij  in  the  Tiniil- 
leries,  .tnd  then  marched  o'.:t  again  in  holiday  pa- 
rade, that  there  woulii  have  been  indemnity  for  tSia 
past  or  security  for  the  futiu'e  .■' 

Besides,  where    is  the    improved  or  improving 


state  of  the  ]nibllc  mind  in  1-Yance  .''  where  is  the 

The  cats  in  their  Slid- j  increasing    disposition   to    tranquility    and    peace; 

!  Vhe  drawing-rooms  and  other  apart-  where  is  there  the  strengthening  inclination  to  mak^ 

:hestciltes,  rushed  with  the  rapiditv  of|tbe  king's  authority  more  respected?  Is  tlic  soutli— 

lightninf  un  tlic  pillars,  and  then  across  the  balus-  is  the  east  of  France  quiet?  Look  too  at  the  temper 


tfadcs  and  galle.-ies,  for  which  the  town  is  so  famous, 
and  so  slap  dash  through  the  open  windows  into  the 
apartments.  Never  since  the  days  of  the  celebra- 
ted Hugh  Lupus,  were  the  drawing  rooms  of  Cl'-es- 
ter  filled  with  such  a  crowd  of  imwelcome  guests. 
2^ow  were  heard  the  crash  of  broken  china — the 
howlings  of  afirighted  lap-clos-s — the  cries  of  dis- 
tressed damsels,  who  wept  their  torn  faces  and  di- 
sheveled c'.iarnis — and  the  groans  tif  fal  citizens, 
rushing  and  uinibliner  forward  to  wartls  the  balconies, 
Laid,  bare  and  bleeding.  All  Chester  was  roon  in 
Rpms,  and  dire  w"ere  the  deeds  of  vengeance  execu- 
ted on  the  feline  race.  It  is  r.eetllcss  to  recite  the 
•vario-as  combats  that  took  place  between  the  cats 
and  tlie  men.  Siitlice  it,  that  our  correspondent 
counted  400  dead  bodies  floating  the  next  day  on 
the  river  Dee,  where  they  liad  been  ignominiously 
thrown  by  tlie  two-legged  aIcUivs,  Tiie  rest  of  the 
invading  host  having  evacuated  the  town,  dispersed 
in  utter  confusion,  caiTyhig  with  them,  however, 
tlieir  arms  from  the  field  of  battle.  [Lon.  paper. 
From  the  Jjjjuk'71  Conner.  A  wish  is  expressed  that 
orders  w  ill  be  given  to  stop  the  march  of  more  of;  us  he  will  require  all  he  can  collect  for  the  compa- 
Ihe  allied. troops  into  France.  'I'iie  state  of  France,  j  ny's  territories.  Sir  T.  Hislop  has  taken  the  field, 
liowever,  so  far  from  justif.  ing-  a  dimiontion  of  the  1  and  is  to  command  a  large  force  in  person  ;  immense 
inilitary  force,  requires  an  increase  of  it.  A  dimi-  numbers  of  troops  have  taken  the  field,  and  are 
nullon  to  any  extent  of  the  allied  force  in  France,  about  taking  it.  It  -voiild  seem,  thai  lord  Jioria  -u'ds 
will  be  attended  with  effects  disastrous  not  only  to;  about  to  d'-fjose  all  the  nrtUve  soverei'^'us,  and  take  ihn 
the  allies,  but  to  the  king  of  France  himself.  "\Vhat|  e7?7/;'e  of  India  into  his  cum  hands.  It  will  have  no 
s.dvantage,"  it  is  asked,  by  the  p.artizans  of  Fouche,' good  effect.  Tlie  interest  of  money  must  rise  in 
"can  resvdt  from  continuing  upon  France  the  pres-  consequence;  if  it  only  continues  for  a  few  months. 


of  the  inhabitants  of  the  capital. 

(Xj^I  insert  this  article  merely  to  ask  the  qfj;stiou 
— if  the  fellow  who  wrate  it  will  hereafter  pretend 
that  Louis  is  the  desired  of  France  ?  Pshaw  ! — The 
poor  old  man  is  neither  beloved  by  the  people  or  re- 
spected by  those  v,ho  have  throned  him.  The  days 
of  Ills  reign  are  counted. 

IVar  in  India. — 'Extr-ct  from  a  private  letter,  da- 
ted, Fiomb.iy,  Feb.  10, 1815  :— "Lord  Moira  has  got 
himself  into  a  fine  expensive  war — I  wonder  how  the 
court  of  directors  wiiUike  it.  He  has  increased  the 
Rengal  army,  by  reg'alars  and  irregulars,  to  twenty 
lhousD.nd  men,  and  two  or  three  15engal  detach- 
ments have  been  cut  to  ])ieces,  on  the  >>"epaul  fron- 
tiers. The  lastBcngal  paper  mentions  that  a  whole 
encampment  of  oiirs  had  been  overflooded  in  a  vah 
lev  bv  a  srreat  fail  of  rain,  anti  tlie  thermometer  ai 
the  time  38.  Nov.-,  none  of  onr  native  troops  can 
stand  such  a  climate.  Tl^e  Ceylon  govcrr.ment  have 
declared  war  against  the  Candyuus,  and  the  Madras 
government  was  to  have  assisted  them  with  some 
troops,  but  lord  Moira  had  ordered  tliem  not  to  go. 


pure  of  the  vast  foreign  force  ?"  'i"he  ad\ant:ige  is 
this  :  The  French,  fjr  three  and  twenty  years,  have 
been  tainted  with  the  lust  of  conquest,  in  every  va- 
riety of  forms.  Their  revolution  >rave  them  tmboiind 


the  expenditure  attending  it  will  be  immense.  The 
Bengal  merchants  have  been  obliged  to  borrow  casn 
at  2h  per  cent,  to  carry  on  their  house  expenses  j 
the  cotton  market  at  China  having  tunied  out  so 


et  opportvmitics  of  gratifying  this  dispo:jjtion,  rjtd'  b:id,  that  the  cicrchiu:*.-;.  J:crc  did  not  ^et  prime  cos'. 


I8i     ^^LES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  1S15. 


for  their  cotton.  Indeed  trade,  in  g-eneral,  is  very 
bad." 

Royal poUigamy. — His  imperial  hig'hneRs  tlie  arch- 
duke Charles  of  Austria  is,  it  is  said,  about  to  sur- 
I'ender  himself,  in  liappy  bondage,  to  Henrietta-Jilex- 
(indriana-Isabdla-WillLdrinna  De-Sai/n  Hitgenbitrgh  ! 
What  makes  tliis  the  more  strange  is,  that  the  united 
ages  of  idl  these  ladies  do  not  amount  to  more  than 
eighteen  yeai's,  while  that  of  his  imperial  highne^is 
exceeds  fifty ! 

Red,  white  and  i/we.— ?»Iadcmoiselle  Mars,  tlie  ce- 
lebrated French  actress,  lately  appeared  at  a  Paris 
theatre,  dressed  in  the  first  piece,  in  i-ed,  in  the  se- 
cond, in  white,  and  in  the  third,  in  blue.  This  tri- 
colored  exhibition  was  received  as  an  ingenious  de- 
vice for  the  Bonaparte  colors,  and  was  honored  by 
the  audience  witli  imbounded  applause. 

Advertisement — T]-i-co)orcd  cockades,wliercof  the 
blue  and  red  are  covered  with  wliite  dimity,  for  the 
use  of  poor  royalists,  for  sale  in  tlie  street  of  Bad- 
words,  hotel  of  Janissai'ies,  No.  93 — price  one  Na- 
poleon of  50  centimes,  or  ten  cents. — Paris  paper. 

A  Germanpaper  contains  the  following  melancho- 
ly anecdote — "A  general  of  the  allies,  on  the  march 
to  Leyrc,  in  Franche  Comte,  whs  hred  at  from  a 
wood — the  ball  missed  him;  the  perpetrator,  a  jouth 
of  18  years  of  age,  was  seized  just  in  the  act  of  re- 
loading his  ])iece  ;  the  general  ordered  liim  to  be 
shot,  wliich  was  done.  Tlie  general,  wlien  lie  arriv- 
ed at  j^eyre,  took  up  his  quarters  in  tlie  best  house 
in  to\vn,  belonging  to  a  rich  lawyer,  where  he  was 
well  received.  A  few  hours  afterwards,  they  brought 
in  the  corps  of  the  young  man  shot  by  his  order  ;  it 
was  the  only  son  of  liis  host." 

Atone  of  the  late  riots  in  France,  the  people  call- 
ed out,  in  tlie  very  presence  of  the  king,  "  Vive  J\'a- 
poleo7i,  a-bas  Louis-Jiipon."  "Uuzza  for  Napoleon — 
down  vvitli  Ijomi-pet/icoat.'' 

Amongst  the  crowds  of  peasants  and  others,  who 
flocked  to  the  site  of  tlie  battle  of  Waterloo,  to  seek 
for  treasure  amidst  the  spoils  left  on  tlie  extensive 
field  of  action,  was  a  young  woman,  who  picked  up 
some  jewels,  loosely  strung  together.  Dcliglited 
Vfith  lier  good  fortvme,  wliicli  she  communicated  to 
n.one  of  her  comrades,  she  proceeded  with  iier  prize 
to  Brussels,  wliere  slie  went  to  a  lapidarv,  and  ask- 
ed him  to  purchase  the  ornaments  she  had  found. 
On  being  asked  wliat  she  demaiuled  for  the  stones, 
she  answered,  "thirty -five  francs" — "Money  is  very 
scarce,"  replied  the  hqjidury — "I  will  nut  take  less," 
said  tlie  woman — "Well,"  answered  he,  "wliat  }ou 
liave  found  is  a  treasure,  and  1  will  give  you  twenty 
thousand  francs  for  it," — wliich  sum  he  paid  into 
lier  hands.  Tliis  sudden  influx  of  fortune  was  too 
much  for  her  weak  mind — she  became  frantic  with 
Joy  a  few  hours  after  the  transaction,  and  has  re- 
mained in  a  state  of  lunacy  ever  since. 

It  is  reported  that  the  object  of  the  duke  of  Bour- 
bon's visit  to  this  country  was  to  endeavor  to  olitain 
from  our  government  better  terms  for  France  tlian 
the  allies  appear  inclined  to  grant.  It  is  furltier 
said,  that  upon  tlie  success  or  failure  of  this  mis- 
sion, it  entirely  depends  wliether  Louis  XVIII.  will 
J'etain  the  sovereign  authority,  or  abandon  France  to 
her  f;;te  ;  and  leave  the  jacobins  to  fight  out  tlieir 
own  liattle  with  the  allied  powers. 

'IMie  result  of  thi-;  application  is  of  cour.se  un- 
known ;  but  several  circunistanci-s  give  weight  lo 
tlie  oiiiiiion  tliat  the  answer  has  not  been  fuvorable 
to  the  wisiics  of  the  Bourbon  ambassador.  Tlie 
consequence  must  in  this  case  be  to  place  the  king 
«f  Fj'iince  in  a  dilemma,  out  of  whieli  tjicre  is  no 
other  May  but  to  abdicate,  or  entirely  change  his 
rounsellors  and  tlie  political  system  ujion  which  tliL-y 


St7-ong  F/mblem.  At  a  late  presentation  of  colore 
to  certain  Frussi;m  regiments  at  Paris,  the  English 
general  nailed  the  standard  to  the  staff  witji  a  vait 
of  gold. 

T/ie  luay  it  ivorks.  Many  letters  from  France, 
especially  from  the  sea-port  towns,  and  Bordeaux  in 
particular,  give  us  evidence  of  a  very  hostile  dispo- 
sition prevailing  against  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  whicli  no  doubt  owes  it  rise  chiefly  to  the 
jealousy  iqid  hate  of  the  English  imd  Scotch  mer- 
chants that  fill  them. 

LATEST  FROM  FRANCE. 

By  the  arrival  of  a  vessel  at  Baltimore  from  Bor- 
deaux, we  have  Paris  dates  of  the  19th  September, 
and  verbal  intelligence  from  Bordeaux  to  the  23d. 
The  papers  contain  nothing  vei-y  important. 

The  treaty  between  the  allies  and  France,  though 
supposed  to  be  ratified,  has  not  yet  been  published. 
The  troops  of  the  former  have  began  to  withdraw. 
A  Paris  paper  of  the  13th  September  says,  it  is  esti- 
mated that  by  tlie  20th  of  that  month  300,000  of 
them  will  have  left  Fi-ance.  It  seenjs  perfectly  vm- 
derstood  that  130,000  are  to  remain  to  prop  up  tot- 
tering Louis. 

It  seems  generally  agreed  in  Fi-ance  (which  is 
also  our  opinion)  that  the  Prussians  have  the  credit 
of  the  victory  at  Waterloo. 

The  trial  of  .Vey  was  not  concluded.  His  fate  is 
uncertain. 

A  great  many  places  have  refused  to  hoist  the 
Wiiite  flag — the  tri-color  yet  flies  at  Cherbourg, 
Longwy,  Chai-lcmont,  Montmedi,  Sallns,  Neubrisac, 
and  many  other  phices.  Seme  of  the  towns  are  re- 
gularly besieged.  Cherbourg  was  invested  with 
30,000  men,  who,  it  is  believed,  would  be  withdrawn, 
as  the  post  was  so  strong  that  it  could  not  be  taken 
without  great  bloodshed.  Napoleon  lias  still  a  very 
strong  party  in  France.  "Disaffection"  is  the  order 
of  tlie  day. 

A  treaty  between  the  emperor  of  Austria  and  "king 
Jtliirai"  has  appeared,  by  wliich  he  renounces  his 
title  of  king,  and  takes  that  of  count  Lipona.  He 
is  to  reside  in  the  Austrian  dominions,  as  a  jirivate 
man,  and  respect  the  Austrian  laws,  and  pledges  his 
lioiKir  not  to  quit  them  without  the  leave  of  tlie 
emperor. 

London.,  Sept.  11. — Theshij^s  Newcastle  and  Lean- 
der,constructed  aiKl  equipped  to  be  able  to  contend, 
iw7/»  some  chance  of  success,  with  the  American  fri- 
gates, are  undergoing  some  alteration  In  their  form. 
They  are  enlarging-  their  sterns,  and  making  cabins 
for  the  accommodation  of  admirals.  They^are  des- 
tined for  the  ports  of  Halifax  and  Barbadoes. 

The  committee  [in  I'ingland  apjiointed  to  collect 
suljscriptions  for  tiie  relief  of  the  families  of  the 
killed  and  wounded  at  Waterloo']  state  the  British 
killed  and  wounded  to  have  been  9999.  The  Hano- 
verians, Brunswickers,  Belgians,  &c.  also  under 
mar.shal  lf'eiiingto7i,  450Q.  The  killed  andwountled 
of  the  Prussian  army,  in  the  four  days,  22,000 — 
making  a  mclanclujly  total  of  36,499. 


.N;;vc  actcd*- 


-J.cnihn 


pap'. 


State  of  the  British  Navy. 

FKOM    THE    AXALKCTIC    MARAZIXK. 

Actual  state  and  condition  of  tlie  British  Navy  on 
the  first  day  of  January,  1813,  conijilled  from  an 
E.rpose  addres.t'.ccl  to  tlie  lords  of  the  admiralty,  by 
captain  ^\'illiam  Layton,  of  the  Kojal  Navy;  a  copy 
of  whicli  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Unit-cd  States'  Navy. 

JS'iimbi'r  of  ],.^  rates,  from  lOU  to  120 guns. 
Of  wliich,  unfit  for  service        .  -i^ 

I'liilldlng     .  .  .  .  .5 

Fit  ior  service,  or  in  ordinary  6 —  15 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— MISCELLANEOUS  ARTICLES:       185 


JVumfier  of  2d  rates,  of  98  jpms. 
Of  which,  two  were  irreparable 
Unfit  for  sea  .. 

Detective  .  •  •  • 

Building'  .  .  .  • 

Fit  for  service,  or  in  ordinary 

JVttmber  of  3d  rat,'s,  of  80  gnus. 
Of  whiol),  one  was  ineffective 
Unfit  for  service 

Deca3'ed  .  .  •  -      , 

Hulk  ,  .  .  ,  . 

Uiiildin^  .... 

Effective,  or  in  ordinary     . 

Tiiird  rates,  of  74  ^ms. 
^Ofwhicli,  unfit  for  service       ..  , 

Decayed     .  .  .  .  • 

Defective  and  rotting 

Repairing-  ...... 

Building  .... 

Effective,  or  in  nrdinart/     . 

Fcnirth  rates,  of  64  gxtns. 
Of  wliich,  ineffective  and  unfit  for  service 
Decayed  .... 

Hulks  ...» 

Troop  ships  ...  « 

Effective,  or  in  ordinary 

Fourth  rates,  of  50, ^ins. 
Of  which,  are  decayed  and  unfit  for  service  10 
Store  ships  . 

Troop  ships     .  ,  »  ■. 


2 
5 

Of 

3 

7—  20 

i 

4 
4 
1 

2 


15 

32 
26 
8 
17 
61—159 


First  rates,  of  100  to  120  grins- 

Second  do.  of  98 

Third     do.  of 

Third     do.  of 

Fourth   do.  of 

Fourth  do.  of 

Fifth      do.  of  ' 

Fifth      do.  of 

Frigates 

Frigates 

Frigates 

Vessels 

Vessels 


98 
80 
74 
64 
50 
44 
32 
36 
38 
28 
24 
22 

Total 


61 
5 

2 
2 

21 

52 

59 

7 

7 

6 

242 


Building 


Effective,  or  in  ordinary  . 

Fifth  rates  of  44,  carrying  5&  guns. 
Of  which,  decayed,  ineffective,  and  unfit  for 

service  .  .  »  . 

Store  ships 

Hospital  ships         ,  .  ;  ■. 

Effective,  or  in  ordinary 

Fifth  rates,  of  52,  mounting  58  guns. 
Of  which,  decayed,  ineffective,  and  unfit  for 

service       .... 
Condemned,  and  worn  out 
Repairing         .  .  .  ; 

Troop  and  store  ships 
Effective,  or  in  ordinary 

Fngates  of  o6,  mo7iniing  44  guns. 
Of  which,  decayed,  ineffective  and  unfit  for 

service       .... 
Worn  out  ..... 

Repairing  ..... 

Buildin.g     ..... 
Effective,  or  in  ordinary 

Frigates  of  38,  mounting  46  guns 
Of  whicli,  decayed 
Store  ships        :  .  .  . 

Building     ..... 
Effective,  or  in  ordinary 

Frigates  of  2^,  mounting  34  gu/is. 
Of  which  decayed  and  ineffective 
Effective,  or  in  ordinary 
Fessels  of  war,  the  aclitul  state  and  condition  of 

-which  are, not  specified. 
Ships  of  24  guns  ',  .  Total  7 


3 

2 
4 

9 


21 


o 

2 
2—  11 


12 
2 

2 

2 
21- 


10 
1 

1 

10   . 

56—  78 


4 
2 

15 

59— 


80 : 


8     I 

7—  15; 


Ships  of  22  guns 


Total  6—  13 


5041 


Grand  total 
Sloops  of  war,  number  not  stated. 

Note. — It  is  to  be  obseiwed,  that  of  the  ships 
classed  as^  "effective,"  a  very  great  proportion  are 
in  ordinary,  and  probably  decayed  and  unfit  for  ser- 
vice; because,  if  they  wei-e  not  entirely  defective,; 
there  would  be  no  necessity  for  building  ncwves-i 
sels  of  the  s.amc  class.  AUowin.g,  iiow  ever,  that' 
tjiis  is  not  the  casT,  the  number  stands  as  follov.M:  i 


Miscellaneous  Articles. 

iiTERART  HOTiCE. — The  American  Pliilosophical  Sq' 
ciety,  being  desirous  of  extendin.g  the  sphere  of  its 
usefulness,  and  calling  into  action  the  talents  of 
those  of  its  members,  whose  pursuits  have  been 
more  particulai-ly  directed  to  the  moral  branches 
of  science,  has  lately  added  to  the  number  of  its 
standin.g  committees,  a  committee  for  history,  the 
moral  sciences,  and  general  literature.  The  number 
of  persons  composing  this  committee  is  indefinite^ 
every  member  of  the  society  has  a  right  to  enrol 
himself  within  it.  3fany  of  our  associates  having 
evinced  a  desire  to  participate  in  its  laboi-s,  the  com-- 
mittee  has  organized  itself,  appointed  its  officers,- 
and  is  now  sedulously  engaged  in  promotin,g  the 
objects  of  its  institution.  Among  those,  the  means? 
of  obtaining  a  coi'rect  historical  and  statistical 
knowledge  of  our  country  have  appeared  to  theiri 
not  the  least  deserving  of  their  immediate  atten- 
tion. Sensible  of  the  eminent  usefulness  of  the  ex- 
ertions of  the  societies  established  in  some  of  the 
states,  for  a  similar  purpose,  and  particularly  in 
Massachusetts  .-uul  New  York,  they  are  anxious  to 
concur  in  their  patriotic  pursuits,  and,  with  that 
view,  have  already  collected  and  rescued  fi-om  obli- 
vion several  interesting  documents  illustrative  of 
the  history  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsjdvania.. 

These  will  be  given  to  the  public  in  due  time, 
either  at  large,  or  by  extracts,  in  the  transactions 
which  the  committee  is  authorized  by  the  society  to 
publish  under  its  own  responsibilit}-.  JNIean while 
they  think  it  their  duty  to  solicit  the  aid  of  men  of 
hifonnation  throughout  the  union,  but  more  parti- 
cularly in  l'ennsylv;uiia,  and  those  of  other  states 
where  no  analogous  establishments  have  been  form- 
ed. The  historical  memoirs  of  uidividuals,  public 
documents,  sc.irce  pamphlets,  manuscript  notes, 
public  and  priviite  letters  from  eminent  men,  and 
from  men  of  knowledge  and  observation;  in  short, 
every  thing  which  may  be  considered  as  interesting 
to  this  country  in  an  historical,  statistical,  geogra* 
phical  or  topographical  point  of  view,  will  be  thank- 
fully received,  either  as  a  .gift  to  be  deposited 
among  the  archives  of  the  Philosopliical  Society,  or 
as  a  loan  to  be  returned,  after  a  certain  time,  to  the 
owner.  Communications  of  interesting  facts,  knowu 
to  individuals  by  their  own  observation,  tradition,  or 
otherwise,  are  also  respectfully  solicited. 

lo  the  Pennsylvanians,  the  committee  particularly 
address  themselves.  Many  important  details  are 
yet  to  be  collected  respecting  the  aborighial  In- 
dians, the  emigrations  from  various  countries  which 
have  so  largely  contributed  to  the  increase  of  our 
population,  the  history  and  peculiar  tenets  and  rules 
of  discipline  of  the  different  religious  sects  that  are 
established  among  us.  Information  i-especting  these 
-.vnd  oth.er  matters  connected  M'it.ii  tjie  history  of 


186 


KlLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  11,  1815. 


this  state,  aiv.l  pafticalarly  every  thing-  relating'  to 
our  vener:ible  patrir.rcli  and  founder,  William  Penn, 
,and  his  tirst  associates;  tlieir  !iisL')/_r  a-  V,  ._a'.  -c  :ind 
in  tliis  country;  tiiear  policical  opinions  and  views ! 
of  civil  g'ovcrnment  and  policy ,  and  uie  foundations 
which  were  laid  by  Ihem  for  the  prosperity  and 
Ilappines.s  wliich  we  now  enjoy,  will  be  received ' 
\vi.li  peculiar  fi,T;ititji';e,. 

<^ur  views  hov/evcr,  arc  nol  limiced  I) ••  tlie  bounds 
of  any  particular  state — tliis  appeal  is  made  to  the 
citizens  of  the  United  States  at  large,  and  we 
confidently  expect,  that  those  meuibei's  of  tlie  Ame- 
rican Pliilosophical  Society,  who  reside  in  difJe:  ent 
parts  of  the  union,  remote  from  ths  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, will  zealously  co-operate  in  ]>roiiiou:nj;'  the 
objects  of  the  conmiittee,  wiio  will  be  happy  to  see 
tlicir  names  inscribed  on  tlieir  roll,  and  wili  inscribe 
tiiem  whenever  requested. 

All  coinniunic.ivions  arc  to  be  addressed  to  the 
chairman,  or  cither  of  tlie  secj-e'.aries. 
Pldlaik'iphiu,  14th  ^iitjitst,  1815. 

WAI.  TILGHMAN, 

Chairman 
FETER  S  DUPOXCEAU, 
Corresponilbig  Secretary. 

JOriN  VAUr.HAN, 
Jiecording  iSecrefart/  P.   T. 
{[j'  Tlie  editors  ofnewspapers  and  other  perodicid 
jiublications  friendly  to  the  literature  of  their  coun- 
try, are  invited  to  give  publicity  to  the  above. 

ropiTLATiox  OF  i>-3)iANA. — Agaiu  tiie  vast  augment- 
ing population  of  the  west  is  about  to  burst  into 
new  evidence  upon  the  eyes  of  tlie  nation;  another 
ni.anly  link  is  about  to  be  added  to  the  bright  eliain 
of  our  glorious  republics,  in  the  territory  of  Indiana, 
which  it  will  be  seen,  from  the  extract  below,  is 
entitled  to  demand  her  admission  into  the  union, 
'•upon  an  equal  fooiing  with  the  original  states  in  ad 
"respects  whatever."  I'he  oidinance  of  congress 
provides  that  whenever  any  of  the  territories  north 
west  of  the  Oiiio,  shall  have  a  population  of  sixiy 
thousand  ))ersons,  it  shall  be  entitled  to  come  into 
the  confederation,  upon  an  equ.al  footing  with  its 
other  members.      West  Argus. 

We  were  in  hopes  before  this  to  have  been  able 
to  liave  laid  before  our  readers  the  census  of  the 
territory,  (or  population  of  each  comity,)  but  as 
yet  we'have  not  procured  but  a.  pai"t;  from  which 
we  may  safely  calculate  on  exceeding  the  amount 
of  population  contemplated  by  the  act  of  cortgrejis 
for  the  erection  of  new  states  out  of  the  territories 
of  the  United  States,  and  adoption  of  the  same  into 
the  federal  union;  we  have  been  politely  favored 
with  the  census  from  the  following  counties  (viz.) 

Wayne, (\'29i) 

Franklin,  -  -  .  ^  -  7,^70 
Dearbornc,  ...  -  4,426 
Jefferson,  ....  -  4,09.1 
Washington,  .....  6,606 
Harrison,  -  -  -  -  .  6,r69 
Gibson,  -  .  .  .  .  5,530 
Kno.x, 6,800 


Total, 43,584 

From  the  following  coynties  we  have  not  had  any 
statement,  but  anne.<  what  we  suppose  to  be  neai- 
flie  amount. 

Switzerland,  ....  3,500 
Clark,  .  -  .  .  ^  7,000 
Posev,  -  ...  -  3,000 
Perry,  -  -  v  -  ^  3,000 
Warrick.     .         .         ,        -        -        3,000 


Total, 


f9,500 


Making  an  aggi-egate  of  sixty-eight  tV.oTisand 
eighty  four.  Western  l-laglei 

Inn  ANA  SALT  WORKS. — Wc  have  much  ple.TSure  in 
stating  the  success  which  we  have  understood  has 
attended  the  disungui.died  jjersevcrance  of  general 
M'Farhiad,  in  digging  for  salt  water  near  tlie  flou- 
rishing town  of  Xew-Lexington,  in  the  territoiy  op- 
posite to  us.  We  have  been  informed  that  the  salt 
weilb  of  v.n:,  geni;tman  a^-e  sunk  to  the  astonishing 
depth  of  420  feet,  and  although  they  exceed  any 
similar  penetrations  of  the  bowels  of  tlie  earth 
amongthc  salt  works  of  this  state,  yet  it  is  determin- 
ed to  go  one  hundred  feet  further,  makmg"  in  the 
whole  520  feet.  Tlie  vvater  already  excels  any  salt 
Wiuer  in  ilie  western  country  in  strength,  affording 
from  three  to  four  bushels  of  salt  to  the  hundred 
g.dtons  of  v/uter.  We  hope  this  treasure  of  salt 
ni  ^y  be  of  ex  en'uve  benefit  to  our  ;-isii;g  and  enter- 
prising neighbors,  as  the  rich  beds  of  Kcnawha  have 
been  to  the  wliole  western  country. — ib. 

Lexingi.o}).,  k'tj.  Oct.  9.  Tiie  following  resolution 
of  the  Uoard  ofTru3tees  of  this  town  was  presented 
to  tlie  hon.  Henry  Clay,  by  their  chairman,  on  the 
5th  instant: 

"The  trustees  of  the  tbwit  of  Lexington,  p;u'tici- 
p.-itiiigin  the  general  joj-  felt  at  the  return  of  out' 
di.-,tinguished  fellow  citizen,  Henry  Clay,  to  his 
country  and  family,  embrace  the  occ.ision  to  cy- 
press the  sense  they  entertiin  of  his  public  conduct, 
whilst  acting  in  liis  late  diplomatic  character.  They 
!a*e  well  assured  their  sentiments  and  feelings  ori 
this  subject,  are  in  imison  with  those  of  the  people 
of  this  town,  a.id  of  his  fellow  citizens  in  general. 
Convhiced  that  In  negociating  the  l.".te  treaty  of 
peace  with  GrCat  IJrituin,  our  ministers  have  dis- 
ciiai'ged  the  important  duties  confided  to  them  in  a 
manner  liighly  honorable  to  themselves  and  satis- 
factory to  the  government  and  people  of  the  United: 
States,  their  eminent  servifces  and  manly  exertions 
for  the  interest  of  their  country,  give  them  a  just 
chum  to  iis  respect  and  gratitude.     Th.erefore 

Resolved,  'I'liat  the  chairman  of  this  board  be  re- 
quested to  wait  on  tlie  hon.  H.  Clay,  and  make' 
known  to  him  our  sentiments  on  this  subject,  and 
to  express  to  liim  llie  unfeigned  pleasure  with 
wliicii  his  countrymen  greet  \\h  return. 

To  whicu  Mr.  Clay  made  the  following  reply  : — 
SiH — I  have  received  the  resolution  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  tlie  town  of  Lexington,  which  yott 
h:tve  done  me  the  favor  to  communicate.  Afy  col- 
leagues cannot  fail,  properly  to  appreciate  the  ho^ 
norable  testimony  of  approbation  which  comes  from 
a  source  so  highly  respectable.  To  me  this  expres- 
sion of  the  sentiments  of  the  ti-ustees  of  the  town 
of  Lexington — a  toun  in  which  1  have  resided  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  my  life,  and  from  which  I  have 
experienced  uninterrupted  favor  and  affection,  is 
pecuil  u'ly  gratif\  ing.  During  a  great  part  of  the 
negociat  ion,  v.'hieh  terminated  in  the  treaty  of  Ghent;, 
our  duty  was  limited  to  the  simple  i>cjection  of  in- 
admissible terms  proposed  by  the  ministers  of  Great 
Britain.  The  time  will  never  arrive  Vv'hen  any  Ame-  , 
rican  minister  can  justly  acquire  honor  for  perform- 
ing a  duty  so  obvious,  as  tiiat  always  must  be,  of  rc' 
fusing  to  subscribe  to  disgraceful  conditions  or 
peace.  If,  in  the  manner  of  executing  this  painful 
service,  we  have  justified  the  confidence  reposed 
inns,  I  have  ample  cause  of  satisfaction. 

I  pray  you  to  make  known  to  the  board  how  sen- 
sible I  am  of  their  polite  attention,  and  believe  me' 
to  be  with  great  respect,  vour  obedient  servant, 

H.  CLAV, 
Ashland,  6th  Oct.- 181.5 
JoHX  BHABtOliD,  Esq.  (hnirmav,  &c.- 


THS  WEEKLY  REGmTga-CHRONICLE.' 


t'mnimmieaHon  vpo7i  a  new  principle  in  generating  lars,  to  the  corporation,  t«  assist  ill  brlilginj  watei* 
^tenm. — Its  power  and  application  which  hashitherto(into  the  village  of  Newburg'li. 

been  considered  only  for  domestic  purposes  by!  J,  W.  Jennings  \s.  Eohert'M'Connell — This  was  an 
hoiiint;-  water.  Natural  philosophy  and  fev/  expe-  action  brotig'ht  to  recover  damag-es  for  detention  on 
riments  have  reduced  this  principle  of  creating  steam  \  the  hig-hway. 

to  its  centre.  To  prove  the  fact,  we  employ  a  cy-l  It  appeared  in  evidence,  that  the  plaintiiF  in  a 
linder  about  12  feet  Inieng-th,  seven  inches  in  diame-l  wag-g-on,  with  one  or  two  otlier  carriages  in  compa- 
tcr,  made  of  cast  iron  with  a  calibre  about  4  iiiclies,  ny,  was  travelling  on  the  Little  Britain  road.  Tliey 

overtook  the  defendant  in  a  Vv-aggon  loaded  witli 

hay,  moving  very  slow— they  wisj'ied  to  pass,  and 

'-.-iber  of  times — tiie  defend;u-.t  as  of- 

hc  road.     He 


attempted 

ten  cut  them  oiF  by  turning-  across 
dinder  redhot,  let  on  from  the  stop  cock  had  a  boy  on  tiie  load  of  hay  witii  him,  who  kept  a 
ion  ofwater  according  to  the  temperature  look  out,  and  informed  when  the  carriages  were  go- 


one  end  of  whidi  is  to  receive  a  stop  cock,  lo  be 
connected  to  a  reservoir  ofwater.  The  cylinder  to 
be  ))iaced  in  an  air  furnace,  made  of  brick  or  any 
other  material.  Wlien  supplied  with  fuel  so  as  to 
make  the  cy 
anvproportio 

of  its  heat,  wliicii  will  become  instantaneously  rare 
fied  into  steam,  and  travelling  ten  feet  ihrougli  the 
red  cylinder  it  exjdodes  with  immense  power,  which 
may  be  gradviated  by  letting  on  more  or  less  v/atcr  as 
occasion  may  requu-e,  from  the  stop  cock,  not  un- 
like the  miller  with  ids  gate,  and  stop  as  suddenly. 
The  fui-nace  does  not  require  to  be  more  tlu.n 
eleven  feet  by  three;  the  v.iiole  expence  in  gene- 
rating  stcim  siiBicient  to  drive  two  run  of  stones  up- 
on tins  principle  wijl  not  exceed  two  liundrcd  and 
twenty  dollars.  This  is  saving  of  one  half  or^ihore 
of  the  fuel,  besides  the  enormous  expence  of  boil 


ing  to  attempt  to  pas.v.  By  las  2ig-ztig  manoeuvrmp; 
he  was  enabled  to  delay  the  carriages  fov  an  hour 
or  tv/Oj  and  by  tliat  means  broke  up  a  visiting-  party 
the  company  was  on.  That  the  road  was  wide 
enough  to  permit  a  passage,  but  for  the  interference 
of  the  defendant.— ^Damages  5%  and  costs. 


CHROiNiCLE. 

Smith  Amenca.     ^\''e  have  accoiuits  from  BuenoS 

Ayres  to  about  the  beginning  of  September.     The 

att'airscf  the  patriots  were  quite  prosperous.    Tliey 

liad  one  vessel  at   sea  that  had  latelv  made  a  prize 

as  well  as  the  room,  and  can  be  employed  forjof  a  valuable  Spanish  ship;    and  several  smart  pri- 

kinds  of  wheel  work  v/ithout  the  ordiiiary  dan-  vatcers  were  fitting  out,  one  of  which  was  tlie  Late 

Americun  privateer  True  J'do"ded  Yankee. 


ers 

all 

ger  of  bursting  or  getting  out  of  repair. 

i\%  fta-ther  communication  may  be  h:id  by  apply- 
ing to  the  original  proprietor,  v/ho  is  willing  to 
gi-ant  priviie<,res  to  any  person  wishing  to  have  an 
interest  in  this  principle. 

A'5plic«.lion  made  to  Mr.  J\'.  Gilbert,  upper  end 
of  Uivev  street,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Trny,    Oct.    3 J,    1815. 

Cottoa  iiALixa  PRESS. — The  following  notice  of  a" 
improved  cotinn  pi-ess,  is  handed  to  us  by  an  in.telli" 
gent  f-iend,  to  whom  it  was  addressed  when  leav- 
ing Liverpool  in  June  last :  [A'orfolk  Beacon. 

"We  beg  to  inform  you  that  we  make  a  very  com- 
plete Cotton  Baling  Press,  composed  entirely  of 
iron,  by  \\\e  machinery  of  v.hich,  with  the  power  of 
enl:,'  tivo  men,  a  bale  of  cotton  of  300  wt.  may  be 
compressed  into  a  cube  of  26  inclies,  or  an  oblong 
forni,  ir.  a  very  short  time  ;  so  :is  \o  give  full  as  high 
a  dt  frree  of  pressure,  as  thai  possessed  by  any  pack- 
age/of  cotton,  widch  we  have  seen  from  the  United 

States. 

We  have  sold  a  number  of  them  fi<r  Demarara 
latelv,  where  they  are  consiilered  much  superior  to 
ail  other  baling  presses — both  as  to  their  principle, 
and  with  reference  to  their  great  strength  and  dura- 
biiitv. 

Wc  shall  be  obliged  by  your  naming  them  to  yom- 
Charleston,  Savannah  or  "Xew-Orleans  friends,  by 
wiiom,  we  presume  to  think,  tliey  vv'iii  be  consider- 
ed aa  acquisition  ;  and  if  such  as  come  to  Liverpool 
would  favor  us  wilh  a  call,  we  would  sliow  tliem 
one  erected.     We  are,  &c. 

Fawcett  Sc  Littledales. 

Foundery,    Yorlc-xtreel, 
Liverpool,  .hine  5,   1815. 

N.  13.— Price  of  the  press,  £220.  Weight  of  it, 
about  eight  tons." 

^ye-isbtirgh,  October  10 — justices'  couht — Morgan 
Cole  vs.  Dmiiel  iVilnon—Thh  was  an  action  brought 
to  recove; 
tinder  the 

turning  to  the  right  in  meeting  on  the  roid,  as  that^ought  to  he  also  pilloried  and  imprisoned 
staui+e  regulates.    The  cause  was  called  on  the  29th       "  •■     -•  - 

Seiitember.       The  defendant  acknowledged  judg- 
ment, and  tlie  plaintiff  gr.va  the  penait,y,  five  dsi- 


The  Creeks.  A  good  de.*il  is  said  about  tlie  dis- 
sati.sfactiou  and;  hostility  of  the  Creek  Indians.  We 
are  cautiinied  not  to  give  too  easy  credit  to  masy 
reports  from  this  quarter.  But  it  appears  that 
some  difficulty  was  seriously  apprehended  from 
the  measures  pursuing-  by  our  government  and  its 
agents.  800  regular  troops  are  said  to  be  already 
in  the  nation,  and  several  other  bodies  are  moving 
into  it,  and,  with  tlie  reqiusition  made  by  general 
€iain«s  on  Getn-gia,  it  is  estimated  that  the  whole 
force  under  his  command  v/ill  ne.irlv  amount  to 
4U00men. 

Tlie  S\'orfk  West.  A  new  .and  strong  fort  is  to  be 
built  at  the  Spnng  Wells,  three  miles  from  Detroit, 
and  there  is  a  report  that  several  of  our  vessels  on 
Urie  arc  to  be  raised  and  put  in  preparation  for  ser- 
vice. Tlie  British  are  said  to  be  active  in  measures 
to  build  flotillas  on  that  lake  and  on  Huron. 
Extract  of  a  letter  fro-v.  an  American  officer  to  Ms 
friend  in  Baltintore,  dated  Detroit,  Oct.  18. 

"There  was  a  trial  here  last  week,  which,  in  its 
eftect,  is  of  national  consequence.  A  lieutenant  in 
the  British  navy  underto<ik  to  take  some  deserter.s 
on  our  side,  with  a  party  of  armed  men,  some  of 
whom  he  landed,  :uid  caught  one  of  his  deserters. 
Some  of  our  citizens  assembled,  and  surprised  the 
senti-y,  and  finally  obliged  t'te  officer  to  go  to  De- 
troit, wliere  he  was  compelled  to  give  bail  for  liLs 
appearance.  lie  was  tried  according  to  law,  by  a 
jury  of  six  foreigners  and  six  citizens,  who  brought 
in  a  verdict  tii.a  the  ofKcer  had  not  taken  the  de- 
serter by  force;  that  he  had  told  him  only  to  go  in-, 
to  the  boat,  and  the  fellow  went.  From  the  positive 
evidence  I  heard,  and  from  an  after  conversatioa 
'.\'ith  the  judge,  I  tliink  tiierc  could  be  no  reason ini 
tlie  world  to  acquit  him  of  that  charge.  They, 
however,  brought  him  in  guilty  of  a  riot,  and  he. 
was  fined  by  the  com-c  4  or  §500.  Chief-justict: 
Woodwaid,  who  g.ivc  the   sentence,  siiid  that  this 


tiie  penalty  given  to  tiie  cc^mplair.anl,  punisliment  was  the  sentence  of  the  other  two  judg- 
statute   to  "regulate  highways,"  for  not  j  es,  that  he  diifered  from  it,  and  tlut  die  lieutenant 


"As  circumstances  occvu-ring-,  are  reported  to  the 

L'nited  States    merely  by  letter,    and  often  misre- 

rsli  te  iribrm  vou,  that  »ae  of 


prcscnteil,  it  m-.w  be 


]38    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  il,  1815. 


our  soldiers  shot  ami  killed  an  Indian  last  week, ; 
f>r  impudcntlv  levelling  a  riile  at  a  party  of  our 
soldiers.  The  circumstance  ha?  made  some  noise 
here,  as  the  Indian  was  under  the  protection  and 
charg-p  of  his  IJritannic  majesty.  The  British  have 
bi-ous-htin  a  coroner's  verdict  ofmiu'der;  and  some 
letters  have  passed  between  tlie  British  colonel 
James  and  provernor  Cass.  Our  governor  has  been 
prettv  severe  with  his  pen,  and  treated  tlie  "bul- 
wark" ratlier  roughly.  The  affair,  however  is  dying 

awav." 

"Ocloher  20.— Tlie  British  civil  authority  have  of- 
fered a  reward  of  500^  for  the  appreliension  of  the 
soldier  who  killed  the  Indian.  This  will  inevitably 
set  the  Indians  on  the  hunt  for  him.  But  to  pre- 
vent anv  ill  consequences,  the  general  wiQ  send  to 
colonel" James  a  very  spirited  remonstrance,  and 
thi'eats  of  retaliation." 

lu  the  above  letter,  a  good  deal  of  animosity  is 
said  to  exist  between  the  citizens  of  Michigan  and 
the  Canadians;  but  the  military  on  both  sides  treat 
each  other  with  great  civility. — Putiiot. 

Pevnstlvanw^  election.  Extract  of  a  letter  from 
Han-isburg  to  the  editor.  "The  political  complex- 
ion of  the  ens'uing  legislature  will  stand  thus-. 

7?.v/>.  Fed.  maj. 

Senate         .  .20         .11         .9 

House  of  Rep.       .77         .20         .57 
Majority  in  joint  ballot         .         .    66 
Being  two    more   than  the  ntajcn-ity  in  1814.     The 
third  party  in  that  state  have  not  one  member,  we 
believe,  in  either  branch. 

Moving  Stones.  We  have  he.ard  a  good  deal  more 
about  the  morincf  stones  noticed  in  our  last,  and  the 
statepients  are  so  plausible,  that  we  would  believe 
the  fact— if  we  could.  If  the  phenomenon  has  real- 
ly happened,  the  most  perfect  measures  should  be 
taken  to  establish  a  record  of  it. 

Valuable.  A  coal  mine  has  been  discovered  at 
Grecnbush,  opposite  Albany,  N.  York — appearances 
warrant  the  belief  that  it  is  large  and  extensive. 
Situate  as  it  is,  it  may  be  more  valuable  than  a  mine 
of  gold.  And  in  a  pond,  near  the  village  of  Bing- 
hamjjton,  Broome  county,  N.  Y.  there  has  been  dis- 
eovered  a  great  bed  of  maa-1,  wbich  being  made  up 
and  burnt  like  brick,  turns  out  to  be  very  pure  lime, 
T\hich  slacks  with  great  facility,  and  forms  an  im- 
palpable power  of  nearly  three  times  its  original 
bulk. 

The  Jfedito-naneanfeet,  having  accomplished  all 
its  object,  was  expected  to  sail  for  the  United  Suites 
about  the  1st  of  Octolicr. 

fe'c^jj/  of  a  letter  from  captain  I.ewis  IVarrinp^ton,  com- 
manding the  United  States  sloop  of-K'ur  Hcacock,  to 

the  Secretary  of  the  JVary,  dated. 

New-York,  Nov.  2,  1815. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  the  United 
States  sloop  Peacock  arrived  at  this  place  on  Mon- 
day evening  last,  after  an  absence  of  nine  months. 

"  As  by  the  arrival  of  the  Tom  Bowline  and  Hor- 
net, you  have  been  made  acquainted  with  our 
transactions  up  to  the  29th  of  April,  1  shall  com- 
mence from  our  separation  from  the  latter.  In 
May,  we  reached  the  Isles  of  St.  Paul  and  Amster- 
dam, (our  second  rendezvous)  where  we  fomid  a 
letter  for  us,  which  had  been  left  a  few  days  before 
by  the  .Macedonian  brig,  informing  us  of  the  Presi- 
dent's action  and  probable  capture.  Here  I  had 
intended  remaining  same  time,  to  rejoin  the  Hornet; 
but  being  carried  to  leeward,  in  chase  of  a  strange 
sail,  we  were  not  able  to  regain  them  and  were  at 
last  compelled  by  a  severe  gals  to  bear  up,  and  on 
iJie  8th  of  June  made  the  i3lai.<lrif  Java,     ih-^m  that 


time  until  the  29th,  we  were  cruizing  In  the  Strait" 
of  Sunda,   where  we  made  four   c;iptures;   two  of 
which  were  burnt,  a  third  was  given  up  to  carry 
150 prisoners  into  Bata\ia,  and  the  fom-th released,  as 
from  her  we  le.arned  that  a  peace  had  been  made. 

"  From  the  different  captures,  we  obtained  about 
fifteen  thousand  dollars  in  specie,  and  gold  to  the 
amount  of  four  or  five  thousand  dollars  more.  We 
have  on  board  ten  chests  of  opium.  The  iirst  prize 
was  loaded  with  pepper,  and  a  few  bales  of  coarse 
goods  for  the  Malay  market;  some  of  which  (as  we 
had  no  room  to  stow  them  away)  we  distributed 
amongst  the  crew,  as  they  were  much  in  want  of 
thin  clothes.  Of  the  money,  five  thousand  dollars 
were  divided  by  me  amongst  the  officers  and  men 

"  From  Java  we  proceeded  to  tlie  Island  of  Bour- 
bon, wiiere  we  procm'cd  bread  and  other  articles, 
for  which  we  were  much  in  want,  as  we  were  on  an 
allowance  of  iialf  a  pound  of  bread  per  man.  From 
Bourbon,  which  we  left  in  August,  we  made  the 


best  of  our  way  to  the  United  States,  touching  for 
a  few  days  at  St.  Helena." 

(Xj="Tiie  vessels  captured  by  the  Peacock  werej 
the  ship  Union,  laden  with  pepper  and  piece  goods, 
divesved  and  burnt;  ship  Venus,  made  a  cartel  of; 
ship  Brio,  burnt;  ship  Nautilus,  14  guns,  130  men, 
captured  afier  a  single  broadside  from  the  Peacock, 
which  killed  7  and  woimded  16  men.  The  P.  had 
none  killed  or  wounded,  nor  was  she  damaged.  The 
N-iutihis  commenced  the  firing,  though  she  had  in- , 
telligence  of  the  peace,  and  an  making  it  known 
was  released  by  captain  ^Varrington. 

St:  Stephejis,  Oct.  6. 
In  order  to  allaypublic  anxiety  which  has  been  for 
some  time  on  tip-toe,  relative  to  the  residt  of  tlie 
talk  lately  held  with  the  Creek  Indians  at  fort  Jack- 
son, we  have  taken  considerable  pains  to  get  the 
most  authentic  information  on  the  subject.  By  a 
gentleman  of  undoubted  veracity,  immediately 
thi'ough  the  nation,  and  who  arrived  here  last  even- 
ing,  we  le;irn  that  the  conference  had  certainly  bro- 
ken up,  without  eftecting  its  object.  The  Big  War- 
rior and  his  party  (who  lately  fought  with  the  U. 
States  )  together  with  the  several  tribes  who  had 
been  at  war  against  us,  have  determined  to  oppose 
the  running  of  the  line.  The  Big  Warrior  stated 
that  in  either  case  destruction  to  their  nation  was 
inevitable — that  if  they  suffered  the  line  to  be  run, 
their  country  would  be  too  Ibnited  to  subsist  by 
hunting',  and  that  thev  had  as  well  die  by  the  sword 
as  with  famine — that  they  had  been  deceived — that 
his  party  had  been  pi-oniiscd  pay  as  regular  soldiers 
of  the  United  States — that  their  pay  had  been  denied 
them — and  that  they  felt  it  right  in  consequence,  to 
hold  possession  of  their  lands.  The  Indians  were- 
moving  off  from  the  road,  and  showed  evident  signs 
of  dissivtisfiiction,  though  no  Iiostilities  or  depredar 
tions  have  yet  been  committed. 

Snow  iji  Ganada.     A  letter  from  Quebec  of  Oc, 
tober  29,  says — "The  first  snow,  this  season,  made 
its  appearance  yesterday  morning,  on  the  mountains 
north  of  this  city." 

The  Danes,    Swedes  and  Dutch  have  been  loud 
in  their  complaints  for  injuries  received  of  the  Al- 
tgerincs.     It  is  understood  tliat  the  latter  have  puff 
chased  a  peace. 


EnHATUM.  Thf  following  error  was  made  by  the 
gentleman  who  tr.anscribed  for  us,  from  the  origi- 
nal, the  letter  on  "naval  afiairs"  inserted  last  week: 
six  -weehs,  instead  of  "six  months,"  should  have  been 
given  as  the  time  reffLiired  tpr  ctirecnhig  frigates. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  HEGISTEK. 


Nj.   12     OF  Vol.  IX.]       BALriMORS,  SATURDAY,  NO^TiMBER  18,  1815.         [whole  xo. 

220. 

Hac  olim  vwminisse  jiivabit.' — Vinr.n,. 

PKINTfiD  AXD  PUHLISHEU   BV   11.   NILES,   >0.   29,   SOUTH  CALTERT-STRLET,   AT   §5   PER   AXXU:«. 

The  second  part  of  the  editor's  letter  fo  ?>Ir.  Cub- 
iett  will  probably  appeal- in  our  next.  A  toucli  of  the 
prevailing  disease  (the  influenza)  has  disqualified 
him  from  that  severe  applicaiion  which  is  necessary 
to  statistical  enG[ulries. 

The  quiet  of  Europe  gives  us  a  prospect  of  re- 
turning, with  great  pleasure,  to  the  legituuate  course 
of  our  work.  Next  week,  we  expect  to  publisli  the 
famous  "uct  of  tlic  congress  of  A  ienna,"  whose  for- 
jiiidable  length  had  forbade  its  insertion  before.  As 
si  state  paper,  its  record  is  indispensable. 


Cotton  Manufactures. 

^opif  of  a   circular  letter,  addressed  to  their  distant 

friends,  by  the  cotton  manufacturers  of  Providence, 

Rhode- Island. 

PflorinExcE,  October  20,  1815. 

Sin — The  manufacturers  of  cotton  in  this  town 
and  vicinity,  havhig  taken  into  consideration  the 
discouragements  under  which  they  nov/ labor,  from 
the  conrpetitiou  with  foreig-n  goods,  have  resolved 
on  presenting  a  memorial  to  congi-ess,  praying  for 
relief  and  encouragement,  and  liave  appointed  a 
committee  to  correspond  witli  the  manufacturers  in 
other  parts  of  the  union.  Tlie  committee  take  tiie 
liberty  to  enclose  to  you  a  copy  of  their  memorial  to 
congress,  and  to  request  you  to  co-operate  with 
them  by  your  advice  and  influence,  and  respectfully 
suggest  the  expediency  of  calling  a  meeting,-  in  your 
neighborhood,  and  of  preseuthig  a  petiiion  to  con 
g^ress,  similar  in  its  prayer  to  the  one  to  be  present- 
ed from  this  vicinity. 

The  committee  would  be  happy  to  receive  a  com- 
munication from  you  of  the  steps  taken  on  jour  i)art, 
and  will  gladly  avail  themselves  of  the  benefit  of 
your  advice  and  assistance. 

TO  THE    IIONORAEr-E  THE   SENATE  AXD  HOrSE   OF   HEPRE- 

SENTATirES  OF   THE  UMTEI)   STATES,   Ilf. CONGRESS 

ASSEWliLKD  : 

The  petition  nf  the  unders:igned  citizens  of  the  United 
Slates,  being-  a  comnnltee  appointed  by  and  aciinq- 
for  and  in  behalf  if  the  cotton  mannfaciurers  resid- 
ing in  Providence  and  its  vicinity,  respectfully 
sheweth  : — 

Tiiat,  in  consequence  of  the  inten-uption  of  com- 
merce, and  relying  on  the  favorable  disposition  uni- 
formly manifested  by  the  government  of  the  United 
States  towards  domestic  inanufitctures,  your  ptti- 
tioners  have,  at  a  great  expence  of  money  "and  labor, 
wected  and  put  into  operation  extensive  works  for 
manufacturing  cotton  goods.  Most  of  the  estab- 
lishments for  tills  object  have  been  completed  with- 
in a  few  years,  and  owing  to  the  rmmerous  and  un- 
avoidable  difficulties  always  attendant  on  the  intro- 
duction  of  new  branches  of  business,  and  the  eni- 
barrassments  arising  from  the  situation  of  foreign 
relations  of  the  country,  tlie  proprietors  have  i.i- 
therto  been  prevented  from  reaping  the  reasonable 
profits  which  they  calculated  to  obtain.  Durmg  the 
(Continuance  of  the  late  war,  in  addition  to  the  ordi- 
nary expenses  and  difficulties  of  prosecuting  the 
business,  they  had  also  to  struggle  against  the  enor- 
mous advance  in  the  price  of  almost  every  article 
they  used,  together  with  the  trouble,  cost  and  de- 
lay which  accrued  from  the  »eceesitv  of  >ransnort.- 
VOL.  1X%  ■  ^ 


ing  by  land  the  raw  material  and  every  other  com- 
modity required  for  the  supply  of  the  manufactories, 
and  fijr  the  support  .and  iiiiUiUenance  of  the  people 
emploj'ed  therein.  T!ie  same  bu.rthensome  expcnsa 
and  disadvantage  were  also  experienced  in  convey- 
ing the  goods,  when  finished,  to  distant  mai'kets  for 
sale.  ' 

But,  while  your  petitioners  h.^ive  had  to  lament 
that  the  circumstances  of  the  times  did  not  permit 
thein  to  realize  the  profits  whicli  they  had  a  right 
to  expect,  tliey  had  tiie  satisfaction  to  perceive,  that 
the  nation  was  deriving  great  and  important  bene- 
fits from  their  labors,  receiving  from  the  skill  aad 
indpstr}'  of  our  own  citizens  vast  supplies  of  useful 
and  necessary  commodities,  at  moderate  prices, 
calculated  for  universal  consumption,  and  at  a  pe- 
riod wl-.en  tliey  could  not  be  obtained  from  abroad; 
and  that  employment  and  the  means  of  earning  a 
comfortable  li>  eliliood  were  at  the  same  time  ex- 
tended to  thousands  of  poor  people,  dependent  on 
their  labor  alone  for  support,  and  who  must  other- 
wise have  been  reduced  to  r  state  of  misery  and 
want.  The  event  has  also  fully  proved,  in  the  opi- 
nion of  your  peiixioners,  that  by  due  encourage- 
ment on  the  part  of  government  to  domestic  m.finu- 
factures,  there  may  be  insured  to  the  countrj',  from 
this  source  alone,  :m  abundant  and  regular  supplv 
of  tlie  most  essential  and  important  kinds  of  cottQii 
goods,  at  fair  prices,  and  independent  of  foreign 
nations. 

Your  petitioners  would  now  respectfully  represent 
that,  in  addlTiunto  the  accumulated  embari'assmeuts 
and  losses  under  which  they  have  labored,  the  pres- 
sure of  which  has  been  so  great  during  the  last  year, 
as  to  induce  man)-  of  the  martufiCturers  to  oontraci: 
their  business,  and  some  to  suspend  it  entirely; — 
tlie  free  and  imrestricted  admission,  at  present  allow- 
ed into  the  UTnitcd  States,  of  cotton  fabrics  of  fo- 
reign production,  not  only  extinguishes  the  hope 
of  a  reasonable  profit  in  future  from  the  manufac- 
ture of  similar  goods  at  home,  hut  tin-eatens  tlis 
speedy  destruction  of  the  establishments  already 
erected  for  that  purpose,  and  the  loss  of  the  im- 
mense capital  invested  in  them.  They,  therefore, 
earnestly  entreat  tiie  interposition  of  }our  honora-^ 
ble  body,  to  preserve  thcui  from  impending  ruin. 
They  ai-e  the  more  encouraged  in  this  application, 
as  they  conceive  the  time  propitious  for  govern'- 
ment  to  extend  its  fostering  cars  to  the  manufac- 
ttires  of  the  country,  and  are  convinced  that  the 
request  .accords  with  the  general  feelings  and  wish- 
es of  the  people,  and  with  the  best  interests  of  th^ 
nation. 

As  an  eligible  mode  of  eflTcctingthe  object  in  view, 
vdur  petitioners  would  respectfully  stibmit  to  th&. 
consideration  of  congress,  tlie  expediency  of  pro- 
hibiting by  law  tlie  importation  of  all  cotton  goods 
(nunkecns  excepted)  the  production  of  countries 
beyond  tlie  C;ipe  of  Good  Hope,  and  of  augmenting 
the  duty  on  those  of  a  coarse  texture  imported  frooj. 
otjier  parts  of  tiie  world. 

It  is  well  known  th.at  the  cotton  fabrics  of  India 
are  made  from  very  inferior  stock,  and.  that  they  are 
so  badly  manufactured  as  to  be  of  little  intrinsic, 
value  compared  with  the  substantial  and  durable 
mannfocturcs  cf  eur  own  eonnte-y,  a«d  it  is  ^»li^^ 

O  "  ' 


190    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  1816. 


that  almost  every  nation  of  Enrnpehas  found  it  ex- 
pedient to  (liscourag-e  their  use,  by  bubjecting-  tliem 
to  vtry  heavy  duties,  or  have  prohibited  their  im- 
port^Uioii  fUtirely  ;  and  it  is  deserving  o;'p:u'ticuhir 
observation,  that  tlieir  consumption  is  interdicted 
131  Ens'^hmd,  although  thev  arc  the  pro(hiction  of  her 
f)\vn  colonies.  It  is  also  a  Avcighly  consideration, 
that  being  made  wholly  of  a  niHterial  of  foieig-n 
ijrowth,  so  far  as  their  introduction  is  permitted, 
they  operate  to  deprive  our  own  citizens  cngHg-ed 
In  the  cultivation  of  cotton,  of  their  best  and  sm-est 
market,  and  thus  injuriously  allcct  one  of  our  most 
iniportant  branches  of  aijriculture. 
,  In  order  to  show  the  exUnt  ;^"d  importance  of 
the  cotton  manufacture  in  tlic  VnitcJ  States,  your 
])etitioners  beg  leave,  respectf  lly,  1 1  state,  that  it 
has  been  satisf.ctorily  ascertaired,  t  at  in  the  small 
district  alone,  comj-'rised  withiu  a  circle  of  thii-ty 
miles  from  Providence,  there  are  not  less  than  one 
huodied  and  forty  mannfuclorics,  containing-  in  ac- 
tual operation  more  than  13U,000  spindle.-,  and  ca- 
pable of  holding-  a  much  larger  number,  few  of 
them  having  yet  received  iheir  full  complement  of 
machinerj'.  The  quantity  of  cotton  which,  in  tlieii 
present  state,  they  spin  in  a  year,  may  be  computed 
St  29,00;)  bales,  whici;,  whenmanufacturcd  into  cloth 
of  the  de-.cvlptii)ns  coiniMonly  made,  will  produce 
27,810^0  '0  viv.-ds,  tlie  weaving  of  wiiich,  at  th*  ave- 
rage price  of  eight  cents,  amounts  to  2,2^,",2'J<J  dol- 
1-ars,  and  the  toUd  value  of  the  cloth  ',\itl  exceed  six 
millions  of  dollars.  To  complete  the  manufacture 
fiora  the  ravr  material,  until  tlic  goods  are  fit  fn- 
market,  it  is  estimated  woiild  a'Ford  steady  and  con- 
stant employment  to  26,000  persons,  ikit  the  be- 
nefits resulting  frara  this  vast  amount  of  labor  are 
much  more  extensi^vely  ditfused  than  if  tlie  whole 
v.ere  done  by  people  constantly  engaged  in  the  bu- 
siness, a  considerable  portion  of  it  being  performed 
by  those  v\'ho  are  pariialiy  occupied  in  other  pur- 
suits, particularly  tiie  weaving,  wliich  is  almost 
wholly  executed  at  the  farm-houses  throughout  the 
country,  few  of  which  are  to  beibund  not  supplied 
with  looms.  In  this  estimate  are  not  intended  to  be 
included  the  ntunerous  classes  of  persons  engaged 
in  occupaiions  i;idlrec'ily  connected  with  and  depen- 
dent upon  the  numuficture,  such  as  those  employ- 
ed in  furnisliing  the  various  kuids  of  machinery  used 
in  the  works,  in  supplying  the  people  witl)  provi- 
sions arid  other  necessaries  ar.d  conveniences,  in 
transporting  goods  to  and  fiom  the  manufaciorits, 
togetier  with  those  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade, 
in  brhiging  the  raw  material  and  other  commodities 
required  for  the  use  of  the  establishments,  and  hi 
conveying  the  mianufactures  to  m;j-ket. 

From  this  cursory  view  of  the  subject,  a  funt  re- 
presentation is  exnlbiiedhow  intiinaiely  tiie  cotton 
manufacture,  although  but  in  its  infancy,  is  united 
and  blended  w  iih  aunost  every  other  occupation, 
tlius  creating  an  uiterest,  hi  a  greater  or  less  de 
gree,  in  all  classes  for  its  mahiten.ance  and  success, 
and  involving  in  its  destruction  very  disastrous  cou- 
seqt'.enccs  to  the  whole  bod}  of  the  community. 

Your  petitioners  know  of  no  description  of  per 
.sor.s  who  arc  not,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  be- 
nefited by  this  branch  of  manufacture,  except  a  few 
capitalists  engaged  in  the  trade  to  India,  a  com- 
merce aiibrding  employment  for  comparatively  but 
fiW  of  our  ships  and  mariners,  far  less,  it  is  humbly 
conceived,  than  would  be  necessary  to  carry  on  the 
co;.siing  trude  arising  from  the  manufacture  at  home 
of  the  same  quantity  of  goods  imported  from  thence. 
Nor  does  it  afford  a  market  for  a  singie  article  of 
our  owm  production,  but  operates  as  a  continual 
and  destructive  di-ain^of  the  specie  of  the  country, 
the  scarcity  of  Wiuch  is  at  this  moment  most  severer 


ly  felt.  It  may  be  also  worthy  of  remark,  that  th^ 
augmentation  of  the  revenue  arising  from  the  in' 
creased  consumption  of  indigo  and  otlier  articles 
used  ui  dying,  and  the  vai'ious  commodities  and 
materials  required  in  the  erection  of  tlie  works  and 
in  the  diHercnt  processes  of  the  manufacture,  many 
of  wlilch  :u'c  subjected  to  heavy  duties,  would,  it 
is  luimbl\  believed,  nearly,  if  not  entirely,  remune- 
rate t!ie  treasury  for  tlie  loss  occasioned  by  the  in- 
terdiction proposed. 

Your  petitioners  are  aware,  that  it  has  been  a 
favorite  maxim  with  some,  that  commerce  should 
be  left  free  and  inirestrained;  and  while  they  are  f;ir 
from  being  disposed  to  oonti-overt  its  correctness  as 
a  general  rule,  subject  like  all  others,  according  to 
circumstan'-e.s,  to  particular  exceptions  and  modi- 
ficati^ins,  they  beg  leave  respectfully  to  suggest, 
that  they  believe  it  far  safer,  and  more  a;--reeable 
to  the  dictates  of  political  wisdom,  to  follow  in  the 
beaten  track  of  successful  experience,  rather  llian 
pursue  a  com  se  of  policy  not  sanctioned  by  the  orac- 
lice  of  any  other  commercial  and  manufacturing 
people,  and  resting  solely  on  opinion  and  theoiyfor 
its  support.  All  those  nations  which  have  c.~.rri?d 
commerce  and  manutacttires  to  the  greatest  exteit, 
liave  judged  it  expedient  to  protect  their  citizens 
rt>?;ain3t  foreign  competition.  No  government  has 
been  more  vigilant  and  rigid  in  this  particular  than 
that  of  England — a  policy  wliich  it  has  steadily 
pursued  forages,  and  wViicli  lias  beencrovrned  witli 
unexamjiled  success.  "Wlule  the  same  principles 
continue  to  be  persevered  in  by  other  nations,  a 
contrary  practice  on  tiie  \yzv'i.  of  tlie  United  States 
would  subject  us  to  a  species  of  colonial  depen- 
dence, rendering  us  at  once  the  victim  of  our  own 
liberality,  and  a  prey  to  foreign  cupidity  and  ca-" 
price. 

Your  petiLioners  M'ould  endeavor  to  avoid  en- 
croaching- upon  tlie  time  of  your  honorable  body, 
by  tlie  repetition  of  arguments  of  a  general  nature, 
which  have  been  often  urged,  and  which  must  rea- 
dily occur  to  every  reflecting  mind;  but  deeming 
the  subject  of  primary  inijiortance  in  a  national 
point  of  view,  and  deeidy  affecting  their  individual 
interests,  they  persuade  themselves  it  will  not  be 
considered  obtrusive,  succinctly  to  enumerate  some 
of  the  p.ariicular  and  immediate  advantages,  whicli 
they  c(mceive  the  country  would  derive  from  the 
extension  of  the  patronage  of  government  to  the 
niunuf-cturc  in  question.  ' 

It  would  insure  a  constant  and  competent  supply, 
at  reasonable  prices,  of  articles  wanted  for  general 
and  daily  consumption,  not  liable  to  be  interrupted 
by  the  hostility  or  injustice  of  foreign  nations. 

The  internal  coasti.ig  trade, which  has  always  been 
considered  as  the  most  advantageous  to  a  nation  ; 
a  trade  worttiy  to  a  higli  degree  of  public  encou- 
ragement, would  be  tliereby  promoted  and  extend- 
ed; and  by  a  mutual  interchange  of  commodities 
between  the  remote  sections  of  our  expensive  coun- 
try, would  have  a  powerful  tendency  to  bind  and 
link  together  the  various  parts,  in  the  bonds  of  re- 
ciprocal dependence  and  friendship. 

By  a  portion  of  our  population  being  engaged  in 
manufactures,  a  market  would  be  created  at  home 
for  the  productions  of  agi'icuiture,  nor  subject  to 
be  destroyed  or  materially  injured  by  the  eiu-nity  of 
jealousies  of  foreign  governments.  This  considera- 
tion is  of  the  more  importance  in  the  present  state 
of  the  world,  when  a  general  pacification  lias  taken 
place  between  the  nations  of  Europe,  wliieh  promi- 
ses to  be  of  long  duration,  forbids  the  expectation 
that  the  p;  oductions  of  the  United  States  will  con-  \ 
tintie  to  Gumma  \d  such  high  prices  abroad  as  dur- 
m^  the  l^ii,  t^T«n1y  yews,  while  those  nations  were 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TAURINO  CLOTrf. 


19 


*Hgkg-ed  in  the   most  destructive  and  sanguinary 

A  sure  and  reg-ular  demand  would  be  produced  for 
h  considerable  portion  of  the  cotton  raised  in  tbe 
United  States,  continually  aug-menting  with  the 
means  of  manufacturing  it^  and  the  increasing  con- 
sumptio!\  of  the  goods. 

It  wor.ld  enlarge  tlie  field  of  nsefid  industry  and 'yours,  Sic. 
enterprise,  and  by  multiplying  the  soiu-ces  of  wealth 
and  the  means  of  subsistence,  would  encourage  po- 
pulation    and    emigration    to    our    country  of  fo- 
reign artists  and  others,  bringing  with  them  the 


various  tanneries,  with  a  small  mixture  of  wool.  You 
uill  see  tlie  :idvantage  gained  by  this  invention,  and 
the  useful  employment  of  an  article  hitsierto  mos£ 
commonlv  thrown  aw.iy,  at  a  glance;  andijif  you  are 
so  luckv  as  to  find  Mr.  Siiotwell  at  the  factory  on. 
your  visiting  it,  I  am  convhiced  you  will  be  ti-eated 
with  all  the  attention  wjjich  was  experienced  b^ 
^3  Frieiid  to  Improvements, 


We  were  unacquainted^  tmtil  a  few  davg  agd^ 
with  t!ie  Taiirino  manufacture  alluded  to  iii  th0 
foregoing  commimication.  Altliough  we  have  not 
availed  our.selves  of  a  visit  to  Rahway^  we  have  vi- 


latest  improvements  in  manufacture  and  the  mecha- 1  gi(-t.(j[  the  agents   and  proprietors  in  this  tity,  and 
nic  arts.  _  jha%e  been  much  pleased   with  their  exhibition  of 

The  vast  capital  already  invested  in  these  estab-L,i,jtjjj,  -^pj  carpeting^.  The  finish  of  stamping  and., 
lishments  would  be  preserved,  and  by  its  active  and  (,yiQj.j|.,g  ^„jli  i-euder  tb.eir  tai-peting  an  article  of 
successful  employment,  would  continue  to  con*ri-|  (.f^p;(,g  j^^j^jjg^^uty.  but  their  cloth  was  more  tlie  sub.; 
.bate  lai'geiy  to  the  riches  luid  prosperity  of  tlic  na-  j^j-t  (,f  (,m.  admiration;  it  contains,  we  are  told,  but 
tion.  onc-fourthpartv.'oal,  the  rest  is  hair;  and  as  a  coarse 

Your  petitioners  would  further  respectfally  S'--^^;  warm  clothing  it  has  many  advantages  ;  cheapness 
gest,  that  the  cotton  fabrics  of  Lidi.i  usually  impoi'te.lj..n(l  durabiliiy  will   be   found  among  them,   and  it 


into  the  U.  States,  being  of  a  coarse  texture  and 
cheaply  made,  t'neir  prime  cost  is  \ery  mconsideva- 
ble,  and  paying  only  an  ad  valorem  duty^  they  af- 
ford but  a  small  income  to  the  treasury;  and  the 
loss  incurred  by  their  excluFion  might,  it  is  hum- 
bly conceived,   in  H  great  degree,  if  not  wholly,  be 


possesses  a  property  of  repelling  water  which  wool 
alonfe  has  not. 

We  consiuer,  that  for  sailors'  jackets  in  starmy 
weather,  and  for  our  Indian  supplies,  tnesd  cloths 
will  be  found  a  valuable  and  economical  substiiutef 
for  manvofour  importalions.     We  were  infonned 


restored,   by  increasing  the   duty  on  the  coarser -j^y  ]\ij.    shotwell,  that  the  opinion  of  that  gre.it  a '-.d 


kinds  of  cotton  goods  importetl  from  other  parts  of 
the  M'orld. 

They  therefore  pray  your  honorable  body  to  take 
their  case  into  yovu-  serious  consi  ieratiort,  and  that 
a  law  may  be  passed  prohibi:ing  the  importation  of 
all  cotto.i  goods,  (nankeens  e.vcepted)  the  pro- 
duction of  places  beyond  the  cape  of  Good  Hope, 


good  man,  our  reverend  suchem,  Mr.  Jeifersori,  had 
been  received  regarding  them,  and  we  requested  a 
copv  of  the  letter  far  the  jjurpose  of  laying  it  before 
til e  public.  We  give  it  in  preference  to  any  remai-ks 
of  our  own. 

MoNTicEiio,  Feb.  10,  1814, 


and  laying  such  duty  on  those  of  a  coarse  textm-e  .Messrs  SfiotweU  and  Khider, 


imported  injm  other  countries,  as  shall  give  to  your 
petitioners  tlie  necessary  oroteciion  and  relief,  and 
as  congress  in  their  wisdom  may  deem  expedient. 
And  as  in  duty  bound,  will  ever  prav, 

JAMES  BURIULL,  juiu-. 
DANIEL  LYMAN, 
THOMAS  BUitGESS, 
llMOTHV  GUEExNE, 
SETll  WHEATON, 
GEORGE  JACKSON, 
JAMES  RHODES, 
PriILll»  ALLEN, 
ABRAHAM  WILKINSON, 
A.MASA  MASON, 
:  ^  SAMLEL  AMES, 

JOHN  S.  DEXTER, 
SAMUEL  W.  GREENE, 
HENRY  F.  FRANKLIN. 


"  Your  favor  of  December  24tli  came  but  by  our, 
last  m<%il,  and  with  it  the  ph-ice  of  cloth  made  of 
wool  and  hair,  which  you  were  so  kind  as  to  send 
me.      I  jn-av  you  to  accept   my   thanks    for  this, 


Taiirino  Cloth. 


present,  %\hicli,  while  it  is  an  acceptable  mark  of 
li-ood  will,  shows  also  how  intport.mt  a  resource  we 
have  in  an  article,  hitherto  mostly  tJu-own  away, 
towards  supplying  our  stock  of  wool  not  yet  quite, 
equal  to  oiu-  wunts.  Although  our  flocks  of  sheep* 
.are  multiplying  rapidly  in  tliis  State,  they  are  still 
ko  far  short  of  what  are  necessary  for  clothing  our 
{laborers,  that  we  are  oViigetl  to  mix  half  cotton  iri 
itheir  chjtiiing.  This  has,  by  no  means,  the  sub-' 
'stance  you  give  with  hair. 

j  "  I  rejoice  in  this  progress  towards  a  real  inde- 
jpendence;  and  Vi'hile  1  hope  a  pomanent  support  to 
Uhose  gener.'iily  to  whose  spirited  cnl:erprize  we  are 
(likely  to  be  indebted  for  it,  1  add  sincere  wishes 
C'ommj.Vee.  for  sticcess  to  your  particular  exertions;  and  witU 
fa  repetition  ofniv  tiianks,  I  teiiiler  tlie  assurances 
iafmv  respect.      '  TH:  JEFFERSON. 


Wc  gftall  only  furthfer  state,  that  we  imder'stand 


Fail  to  interest  every  American  who  periises  them, 
as  they  contain  irrefutable  truths  of  as  deep  impor- 
tance to  our  national  independence  as  to  the  mdlvi- 
diials  concerned  therein. 

i  confess,  however,  that  I  was  not  a  little  disap- 
pointed in  finding  you  pass  over,  Vv-ithout  notice,  the 
Taiirino  Cloth  ISIanufactnre.  You,  perhaps,  sir,  arc 
Unacquainted  with  it :  if  so,  let  me  recommend  it  to 
your  notice,  and  that  you  indulge  yourself  with  a 
'  visit  to  Rahway,  New-Jersey,  where  you  will  see  the 
establishment  of  Mr.  Shotwell  and  others.  This 
«ii<*vk  is  made  from  tlte  hair  of  hides  collected  at  the 


of  delivering  500  yards  of  this  cloth  per  d.ay.  Is 
not  this  an  improvement  worthy  of  public  and  aationat- 
^atronageP  tJnless  we  could  place  the  cloth  before 
the  eves  of  our  readers,  mc  could  not  pretend  to 
convince  tntem,  that,  from  the  hair  ofoxen,  together 
with  a  snictU  mixture  of  wool,  it  cdtild  be  equal  to 
what  it  really  is. 

We  may,  i)ci-haps,  visit  Rahway,  and  be  enablei^,- 
on  a  future  day,  to  s.ay  more  on  this  subject,  which, 
we   reallv   consider  a  national   improvement,    and 
does   credit  to  America   for  the   ingenuity  whioi^- 
brouHit  it  to  its  present  perfection.     yYcta  iidv. 


392    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  18i^. 


Defence  of  New-York. 

.Report  of  the  committee  of  defence  to  the  common  coun- 
cil, J\''uvtmber  6,  1815 

The  committee  of  defence  having  completed  the 
duties  ussi^iied  them  by  the  conmiou  council  in  the 
summer  of  tiie  last  year",  in  relation  to  the  defence  of 
this  city,  beg-  leave  now  to  lay  before  tliem  a  brief 
report  of  their  proceedings. 

On  being  fnrnished  by  brigadier  general  Swift, 
of  the  corps  of  engineers,  witli  a  plan  for  the  defence 
of  tlie  city  against  the  then  expected  attack,  the 
committee  immediately  took  the  necessary  steps  to 
have  it  executed  and  completed.  Tlie  pliiii  em- 
brr.ced— first,  a  line  of  defence  on  Long  Island 
fi'om  tlie  Wallabout  to  Gowane's  creek,  enclosing 
completely  tlie  peninsula  on  which  the  village  of 
.Brookn  n  is  situated  ;  next,  a  line  of  defence  at  Har- 
1am,  from  IJenson's  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  Harlrem 
creek,  across  the  Island  to  the  Hudson  river,  in  the 
neiglibovhoodof  ManliPttanvlUe;  also,wol-ks  of  de- 
fence at  Ilellgate  and  Sandy  Hook,  to  defend  those 
approaclies  to  tlie  city  ;  at  Williamsburg,  on  the 
Long  Island  sliore,  to  secure  that  position,  between 
Brooklyn  and  Ilellgate  ;  and  at  l^rince's  Bay,  lo  pre- 
vent a  landing  in  the  rear  of  the  works  on  Staten 
iiland.  'Die  principal  works  at  Brooklyn  were,  forts 
Greene,  Cuimnings,  Firemen,  JMu sonic  and  Lu-it'i-eiice, 
c<)r,nectcd  togetiier  by  lines  of  intrenchn;ent,  and 
fort  S-wift,  a  strong  "detached  position  within  the 
Tine,  commanding  its  whole  extent,  and  also  cover- 
ing the  fortifications  on  Governor's  Island.  'Ihe 
principal  works  at  Harlxm  were,  forts  C/intm  and 
Fish,  and  A'ntter's  battery,  near  M'Gowan's  Pass^, 
witli  a  line  ®f  towers,  or  block-h»uses,  Nos.  1,  2,  3 
and  4,  along  the  Ridge  ;  and  then  forts  Laiffht  and 
jfforn  near  the  Bloomingdale  road,  with  an  intrench- 
ed line  extending  towards  tlie  North  river.  Tliese 
works,  including  those  at  Benson's  Point,  on  Mill 
rock,  and  at  {Islieti's  Point,  seemed  to  form  a  conj- 
plete  norlhera  line  of  defence  against  any,  but  an 
overwhelming  force. 

The  accomplislunent  of  a  plan  of  defence  so  ex- 
tensive might  easily  be  sujiposed  to  require  im- 
mense labor,  and  the  expenditure  of  vast  sums  of 
monev. 

The  committee  finding,  from  the  embarrassed 
state  of  the  finances  of  the  general  government,  that 
little,  or  no  assistance  could  be  expectec'_  from  that 
quarter,  and  that  the  extensive  works,  witli  the  va- 
rious other  prep^u-ations  of  defence,  mustcnieily  de- 
pend on  the  energies  of  the  city,  determined  imme- 
diately to  make  an  appeal  to  ihe  patriotism  of'  tljeir 
fellow  citizen:;,  fyr  tluit  aid  and  co-uI>'-iaiiun,  and 
for  those  extraordinary  efibrts,  which  the  alarming 
crisis  of  affairs  appeared  to  demand.  They  made 
the  appeal  ;  and,  as  they  fondly  anticipated,  it  was 
not  made  in  vain  : — their  fellow  citizens,  of  all  ages 
and  cL'.sses,  eagerly  stepped  forward  to  meet  the 
crisis,  and  cheerfully  aflbrdcd  the  requisite  aid  of 
personal  labor,  and"  pecuniary  contributions  ;  the 
spirit  of  party  seemed  to  be  banished  for  a  season, 
*and  tlie  only  rivalship  among  them  was,  wlio  shoidd 
be  foremo:>t  in  the  patriotic  work.  It  is  believed 
th.aiiiore  than  10D,OUU  days  labor  were  voluntarily 
bestowed  by  our  t'ellow-citizens  on  the  fortifications 
of  the  city.  In  addition  to  their  eftbrts,"'much  and 
very  important  aid  was  received  from  tlie  hihabitants 
Ot  t.oiig  Island,  and  the  otjier  neighboring  coumies. 
Tiie  spirit  which  animated  the  citizens  of  New-York, 
spread  to  tiie  state  of  New-Jersey  ;  large  companies 
of  tie  yeomanry  of  that  sister  state,  from  the  dis- 
tance of  tainy  or  forty  miles,  offered  their  services, 
sad.  frequently  WTOUjfhl,  witk  fidelity  up(?i4,tkc  forti- 


fication.s  of  Brooklyn  and  Harlxm,  rendering  vef^ 
important  aid  in  the  progress  and  completion  of 
of  the  works.*  The  defences  progressed  with  great 
rapidity,  and  the  patriotism  of  our  fellow  citizens, 
in  contributing  personal  labor,  saved  to  the  govern- 
ment immense  sums  of  money,  which  the  works 
w  ould  othenvise  have  cost. 

The  committee  soon  found,  that  the  siiperlntend- 
ance  of  the  works,  the  arranging  of  the  f.itiguc  par- 
ties, and  the  various  other  concerns,  incident  to  the 
defence  of  the  city,  which  were  daily  multiplying 
on  their  hands,  demanded  the  whole  of  their  time 
and  attention  :  tliey  accordingly  determined  to  meet 
daily,  for  the  transaction  of  the  bushiess  committed 
to  their  charge.  This  they  continued  to  do  for  se- 
veral months,  until  the  completion  of  the  works,  aiid 
the  increased  improbability  of  an  hostile  attempt 
durhig  tliat  season,  in  their  opinion,  justified  a  less 
strict  attention  on  their  part. 

While  the  danger  of  invasion  was  imminent  and 
increasing,  the  commander-in-chief  of  this  militaiy 
district  made  requisitions  on  the  states  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  of  large  detaclimtnts  of  their  mi- 
litia, for  the  defence  and  protection  of  this  city  ;  and 
tlie  committee  were  informed  by  Inm,  that  his  whole 
dependence  was  upon  the  patriotism  of  the  ccrpo-- 
ration  for  their  pay,  subsistence  and  camp  equipa- 
ges, as  he  w;'.s  entirely  destitute  of  the  means  of 
providing  even  for  their  accommodation  or  subsis- 
tance.  l"])e  pa}  master's,  the  contractor's,  the  qiuu'* 
ter-master's,  the  ordinance  departments  were  ail,  in 
fact,  destitute  of  money  ;  teiits,  barracks  and  camp 
ec^uipage  wei-^  in.mediatel}-  wanted  for  the  acccm- 
modalion  of  tlie  large  detacliments  of  militia  thus 
called  into  service  ;  arms  and  cannon  were  to  be  pro- 
cured, the  deficiency  of  amni'inition  was  to  be  sup- 
plied ;  gun  carriages  were  to  be  made  or  repaired  j 
and  vessels  were  to  be  purchased  to  form  obstruc- 
tions in  tlie  harbor.  All  tliese  subjects,  and  many 
more,  (none  of  which  could  be  neglected  \\ith  safety 
to  the  city)  required  that  immediate  measures 
slioukl  be  taken  to  raise  a  sufiicient  sura  to  meet 
these  very  great  and  unexpected  calls  for  money. 

The  committee  accordingly  recommended  to  the 
corporation,  to  borrow  one.million  of  dollars,  for  the 
purposes  of  defence.  I'his  recommendation  being 
promptly  acceded  to,  a  loan  was  opened,  and  the 
sum  required  speedily  subscribed,  and  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  comnuttee.  Furnished  with  these 
means,  they  were  enabled  not  only  to  supply  the 
wants  of  the  several  departments,  to  cause  the 
works  of  defence  to  go  on  w  itli  rapidity,  to  procure 
wliatever  might  be  deemed  necessary  for  defence  ; 
but  also  to  provide  many  things  for  the  comfort  and 
convenience  of  their  fellow-citizens,  who  had  left 
their  Similies  and  domestic  comforts,  and  who  were 
in  arms  for  the  defence  of  our  city. 

Soon  after  the  loan  was  filled,  an  aiTangement 
was  made  with  the  general  government,  for  their 
final  assumption  and  payment  of  most  of  the  ad- 
vances, which  the  committee  were  required  to  make 
by  the  exigency  oftiie  times;  and  they  have  since 
happily  effected  a  settlement  with  the  treasury 
department,  embracing  all  the  principal  expendi- 
tures and  advances  made  by  them.  In  virtue  of 
tlus  settlement  the  sum  of  §1,100,009  8T  cents  of 
the  six  per  cent,  stock  of  the  United  States  has  been 
received  and  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  corporation; 
also  the  fui-ther  sum  of  §53,000  in  treasury  notes. 
Some    lew   items,   however,    not   included    in    the 

*  And  some  of  the  inhabitants  of  Greenwich,  Con- 
necticut, exhibited  the  same  honorable  testimony  off 
tWeix  palriotisja  aiid  friendship.— —iV.  Coiiti  Jld. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTRR— IJIGISLATURE  OF  CONNECTICUT.     i93 

settlement,  amounting'  to  ^9,265  22  cents  lhoiit,rh;of  defence,  executed  in  an  eleg-aJit  and  mastex-ly 
iiO'  yet  received,  are  admitted  by  the  accounting- 1  Ktyie.  They  cannot  close  their  report  without 
otficei'S  of  the  treasury  and  will  speedily  be  paid;  ■  expressing-  the  hig-li  opinion  they  entertain  of  the 
and  certahi  others,  amounting  to  37,422  being-  for  talents  and  services  of  that  excellent  officer 


damages  aw;;rdcd  to  the  proprietors  of  g-rounds 
occupied  bv  ihe  fortifications,  will  require  legisla- 
tive provision  before  they  can  be  settled;  these 
several  sums,  with  the  sum  of  f^4,629  16  cents 
being  the  balance  of  cash  on  hand,  amount  to 
^l/i04,326  25  cents  making  a  probable  gain  to  the 
corporation,  of  about  §15'J,0'J0. 

The  terms  upon  which  the  arrangement  with  the 
government  was  made,  for  the  assumption  of  those 
jadvances  from  the  dark  and  unpropitious  appear- 
ance of  our  national  affairs  at  that  lime,  presented 
to  the  committee  at  first,  but  a  fainc  prospect  of 
the  cornoration  being  fully  indemnified  for  all  the 
money  they  were  called  upon  to  expend;  but  the 
times  were  then  portentous;  the  safety  of  the  city 
was  in  jeopardy,  and  the  honour  of  the  country, 
which  would  have  been  deeply  t;u-nished  by  thefiill 
of  New  York,  left  no  alternative-  The  risk  vyas  to 
be  encountered,  thougli  it  shotdd  terminate  in  the 
]ioss  of  die  w'nole,  and  the  public  feeling  called  for 
the  sacrifice,  if  a  sacrifice  it  should  eventually  prove 

■to  be.  •  ,         1 

The  committee  have  reason  to  bebeve,  that  the 
■^vigorous  efforts  which  were  made  in  this  city,  to 
place  it  in  a  respectable  state  of  defence,  were  the 
means,  under  Providence,  of  preserving  it  from 
attack;  possibly  from  the  unh:;ppy  fate  of  tlie  seat 
of  otir  national"  government.  Tiiey  tliink  tliey  will 
not  be  cluu-ged  with  vain  boasting,  when  they  assert 
their  belief^  that,  from  the  strength  of  the  works  of 
defence,  and  the  high  state  of  the  discipline  of  our 
patriotic  militia,  who  had  assembled  to  defend 
them,  th.at  had  the  enemy,  at  the  period  of  their 
completion,  ventured  an  attack,  they  would  have 
mec  w'uh  as  gallant  a  repulse  as  they  experienced  at 
JvTew  Orleans. 

The  committee  avail  themselves  of  the  present 
occasion,  respectfully  to  recommend  to  the  corpo- 
ration to  press  upon  the  general  and  state  govern- 
ments the  propriety  of  adopting  measures  to  main- 
tain and  preserve  the  works  of  defence,  whicli  now 
encircle  the  city;  as,  in  their  opinion,  it  would  be  an 
expensive  ami  dangerous  policy,  a  lavish  of  proper- 
ty, and  a  reflection  upon  tr.e  nation,  to  sutler  the 
Forts,  Redoubts  and  Batteries,  so  recently  and  so 
efl'ectually  erected  for  our  defence,  and  upon  which 
so  much  patriotic  exertion  has  been  bestowed,  so 
jjoon  to  fall  into  ruin  and  decay,  and  thus  return  'oo 
the  defeiicciejs  state  m  which  we  were  in  the  sum- 
mer of  the  last  year.  In  the  present  state  of  the 
world,  no  Iniman  eye  can  foresee  how  soon  this  coun- 
try may  (which  God  forbid)  be  again  involved  in  a 
state  of  War;  but  every  individual  can  conceive  how 
much  influence  our  being  properly  prepared  to  re- 
ceive and  repulse  an  enemy,  would  have  in  deterring 
him  from  such  violations  of  our  rights  and  national 
honoiu",  as  mig'nt  lead  to  so  tinliajipy  an  event. 


The 
judgement  displayed  by  him  in  the  formation  of  his 
plan  of  defence,  his  zeal  and  indefatigable  personal 
attention  to  the  execution  of  it;  and  his  frank  and 
amiable  deportment  in  his  communications  with  the 
committee,  excited  their  high  respect  and  warm 
esteem;  gahted  the  confidence  of  their  fellow  citi- 
zens, and  will  justify  the  corporation  in  enrolling 
the  name  of  brigadier  general  Jos-pn  G.  Swift, 
among  the  benefactors  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

They  therefore  recommend  that  his  portrait  have 
a  place  in  the  gallery  of  paintings  belonging  to  the 
corporation;  that  he  be  re<piested  to  sit  for  tliat  pur- 
pose, and  that  the  committee  be  authorised'  to 
employ  some  suitable  and  skillftil  artist  on  the 
occasion. 

All  which  is  respecfuUy  submitted. 
(Signed)  NICHS.  FISH. 

PETER  MESIER, 
G  BUCKMASTEK. 
J.  MAPES, 
THOS.   R.  SMITH, 
GIDEON  TUCKER, 
I.  S.  DOUGLASS. 
In  common  rouncil,  J\'ov.  6, 1815. 

-Approved  and  ordered  to  be  published. 

J.  MORTON,  C.  C.  e. 


Legislature  of  Connecticut. 

GOVERNOR'S  SPEECH. 

[Paragraphs  on  local  affairs  omitted.] 
The  general  tranquility  of  our  coimtry  since  the 
last  meeting  of  the  .issenibiy,  calls  for  our  devout 
ackno'.vledgments  of  the  Divine  Goodness;  especi- 
ally when  we  reflect  upon  the  distress  and  blood- 
slied  with  which,  during  the  same  period,  other 
nations  have  been  afflicted.  We  have  had  occasion 
indeed  to  be  humbled  under  the  frowns  of  Heaven 
in  the  unusual  and  destructive  tempests  which  have 
recently  and  extensively  visited  our  sliores.  In  other 
respects  our  return  to  the  various  employments  of 
peace  lias  hitherto  been  as  prosperotis  as  our  late 
multiplied  embarrassments  could  be  sopposed  to 
admit.  It  was  not  to  have  been  expected  th.at  the 
pursuits  of  comtnerce,  after  long  interruption  and 
amidst  the  convulsion.-;  of  the  civilized  world,  should 
resume  at  once  their  former  activity.  Eut  the 
prospects  are  favorable.  The  indication  of  a  g-e- 
neral  peace  m  Europe,  and  what  is  equally  satisfac- 
tory, tiie  more  enlarged  views  of  the  subject  which 
seem  to  be  entertained  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic, 
att'ord  mtich  reason  to  liope  that  maritime  enter- 
prize  will  ere  long  receive  its  proper  encourage, 
ment  and  reward.  It  now  appears  to  be  very  gener- 
ally admitted,  that  commerce  is  not  only  to  be  to- 
lerated,  but  that  it  is  even  to  be  protected  by  tlie 


gradual  establishment  of  a  competent  naval  force. 
The  alacrity  with  wiiichthe  citizens  of  New  Yorkj  \  di.-.position  in  tlie  American  people,  thi.is  to  recur 
when  called   upon,   seconded  the   eflbrtj  of  their  I  to  tlie   earliest  policy  of  their   government,  is    as 
municipal  authorities,  must  be  highly  gratif\'ing  to  gi-atifying  to  the  feelings  of  patriotism  as  it  is  aus- 
the  corporation,  and  will  be  to  them,  a  s-.ire  pledge  I  picious  to  the   national    welfare,     Wc  have    solid 


that  tlicir  constituents,  should  any  future  occasion 
call  for  similuir  sacrifices,  will  not  diniinisii  the  re- 
putation which  tliey  have  acquh-cd  by  their  great 
Wid  unparalleled  exertion. 

The  committee  subjoin  a  genend  statement  of 
theh-  expenditures,  and  a  copy  of  their  minutes  for 
the  information  of  the  common  cotmcil;  and  submit 
%o  them  tlie  report  of  general  Swift,  which  is  ac- 
CQmpanied  bjr  a  portfolio  of  di'awiii^s  of  \\\q  works 


grotmds  for  believing  that  a  steady  adherence  to 
that  tried  system,  would  rapidly  reduce  our  present 
burdens,  and  would  accomplish  at  no  distant  period, 
the  views  of  the  illustrious  founders  of  tiie  rcntib- 
it  to  :m  unrivalled  state  of  moral 


in  elevating 


and  political  greatness. 

We  look  to  the  councils  of  the  Union  to  realiza 
these  hopes.  But  it  should  be  remembered  that 
the  progpei-ity  of  the  nation  cao;aot.  be  fully  attaiiv 


J 94     KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  1815. 


ed  witliout  tlic  instrumentality  of  the  respective 
^  jte  goverTimeuis. — —They  are  the  immediate 
jgi,:^vdians  of  the  public  morals,  and  of  all  tliose 
V..;iiable    interests     whicli    are    dependent 


upon 
personal  security  and  social  order.  On  the  several 
state  aut'norities  therefore  we  are  principally  to  re- 
iy  for  that  sound  internal  polity,  without  which  the 
pxtcrior  grandeur  ot  any  nativon,  \n  wliutever  it  may 
consist,  i<;  but  the  splendid  covering  of  licentious- 
ness or  of  despotism.  Tlie  duties  resultini:,'  from  a 
trust  of  this  mognittide  need  not  be  mentioned. — 
Tliey  will  be  found  however  not  so  muci)  in  swell- 
ifng  the  number  of  our  statutes,  as  in  giving  them 
fi  wholesome  and  \igorous  execution.  To  possess 
*,he  power  of  enacting  laws  involves  no  absolute  nc- 
viessity  of  displaying  it.  in  a  community  already 
well  organized,  the  wisdom  of  its  legislature  will 
be  discovered  in  preserving  a  stable  order  of  tilings, 
rather  than  hi  multiplying  new  regulations.  To 
paintfcin  nevertheless  the  several  departments  of 
g'overnment  in  their  <lue  operation,  to  remedy  tlie 
evils  wliich  experience  may  have  disck)sed,  and,  in 
a  word,  to  provide  for  the  changes  incident  to  all 
human  aifiiirs,  will  unavoidably  demand  the  occa- 
sional and  discreet  exercise  of  tiie  legislative  uur 
Uiority.  JOHN  COTTON  SMITH. 

General  ^is'semhlii,  October  session. 
Ji.  J).  1815. 


New  Jersey  Mariafactures. 

Tn  the  legislature  of  New  Jersey  on  Tuesday  the 
31st  ulc.  the  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the 
pe'ition  of  Charles  Kinse}'  aitd  others,  cotton  and 
■woolen  munuf;cturers,  HtronTED — 

Tlia;  the  pressure  of  tlie  late  v/ar  and  tljc  neces- 
sities of  the  state,  which  imperiously  required  that 
every  des'-.ription  «f  jM-operty  should  bear  a  just 
proportion  of  the  public  burdiens,  liaving  liappily 
ceased,  it  appears  to  your  committee  reasonable  and 
right  that  the  relief  asked  for  by  tlio  petitioners 
should  be  granted  to  those  infant  establishments  in 
every  part  of  the  state.  The  crisi.-s  which  called  for 
theu'  contributions  found  them  willing  conU'ibulors, 
and  the  more  especially,  as 'the  prohibi-ion  of  the 
introthiction  of  foreign  manufactures  afloidtd  them, 
.so  long  as  it  lasted,  up  to  tlie  period  of  peace,  am- 
ple protection  and  encouragement,  and  placed  tlie 
means  wit.nhi  their  power.  That  state  of  tilings  is 
materially  changed.  The  assessments  to  v^hich 
they  have  heretofore  submitted  M'ithout  a  murmur, 
must  be  di^coiuinuetl,  or  by  far  the  greater  part  of 
the:.e  young  establishments  must  droop,  l.uigulsh, 
expire  and  disappear,  under  the  too  pov/erfid  com- 
petition of  :  (■  ii  ■.-.•d  Europe.'iu  insLit;nioiL,.  The 
tri  i.viph  of  the  latter  would  throw  our  country  back 
5n  a  greu.t  .Ici/rec  t.i  i.'iai  stMc  of  dependcice  from 


Weld's  Travels. 

\\  the  2d  vol.  of  the  Wkekly  Ukststeti,  under  thft 
licad  of  "  Travellers  in  America,"  several  persons 
were  pretty  severe!  v  lashed  for  the  falsity  of  their 
narrations,  as  well  as  their  want  of  cav.dor  and  li- 
beralitv.  Among  them  was  ISIr  Weld  ;  and  we  are 
happy,' /row  hiio-.vn  pen,  to  justify  what  we  said 
of  !iis  work. 

From  the  lioston  PaUadiwn.—Uv^s^c  Wcld.Jtmr  au, 
thor  of  a  book  called  Trav;b  ihrovgh  America,  hav. 
ing  made  a  number  of  illiberal  remarks  f.nd  mis, 
statements  respectir.g  the  country,  wrote  the  foxlow- 
ing  observation?  on  a  leaf  of  his  book  by  w^y  ot  con- 
fession and  excuse.  ^  ^ 
"This  book  was  first  published  in  the  year  \(J9, 
and  I  have  now,  for  the  first  time  since  that  period, 
read   it  through.     Excepting  the  two   concluding 
lines  I  find  no  part  I  do  not  believe  to  be  strictly 
correct;  but  there  are  a  great  many  passages  which 
I  regret  ever  having  written,  because  they  bear  the 
appearanca  of  illibcralitv  from  not  being  properly 
(['lalified.     \  have  m.:irked  most  of  them.     I  remem- 
ber, with  great  pleasure,  the  time  I  spent  iit  Ajne- 
rica,  and  shotdd  be  glad  to  visit  the  country  again. 
It  is   extremely  to  be  lamented  that  our  younger 
days,  in  general,  are  devoted  to  travelling,  when 
ouriudjg:ments  are  not  matured,  nor  otir  knov/iedge 
of  mankind  extensive.     I  should  now  write  a  very 
different  book  from  the  same  notes,  from  the  sa.me 
materials.     As  to  the  style,  1  find  it  careless  in  the 
extreme  ;  but  in  fact  I  iiever  covrectcd  the  manu-, 
script.     I  was  so  unadvised  to  make  it  a  present  to 
tlie  publisher,  Stockdale;  and  he,  impatient  to  get 
ids  profit,  sent  it  to  press  with  all  its  errors,  with- 
out  affording  mc  an  opportunity  of  altering  a  syl- 
lable.   He  also  printed  edition  after  edition,  without 
c;iving  me  any  notice,  until  the  copies  were  so  nitd- 
t^lied  that  tlie  emendations  woidd  have  probably 
been  little,  or  not   at  all  regarded  by  the  public 
He  has  reaped  a  great  harvest  from  the  sale  of  it-^ 
and  exccjiting  a  few  impressions  of  the  first  editlci\, 
I  have  not  iiad  a  copy  to  present  to  a  friend,  with- 
out purchase.     The  .\4ncricans,  I  have  been  infor- 
med, are  dissatisfied  with  tliis  wqrk  ;  yet  I  behev? 
very  few  qf  them  have  read  it.     Tliere  are  but  three 
or  four  pages  in  all,  tiiat  can  offend,  and  I  certainly 
«ish  1  hati'never  written  those;  indeed  I  sometimes 
regret  luning  ever  wi-itten  the  book.     The  sale  has 
lieen  much  beyond  its  deserts,  and  I  find  the  work 
iias  been  iranslated  into  French,  German  and  Italian.; 
so  that,  much  as  I  wish  to  re-model  or  correct,  it 
now  would  be  a  futile  task-     As  there  is  a  probabi- 
lin,  1  understand,  that  this  copy  may  reach  America, 
1 1'uive  written  these  few   remarks  hi  it,  not  without 
a  vvi.sli  that  those  who  have  known  me  in  America* 
may  perciiance  read  them.     1  am  not  lost,  as  many 
woidd  sujipose,  to  a  sense  of  what  there  is  really 
America,  and  much  there  is,  iin- 
e  and  to  love. 

1.  WELD.,  jus'r. 


gers,  an4  compelled  to  rely  on  f-jieign  countries  for 
.so  impOiLii'^.t,  poriionof  oiir  conveuieices,  or  com- 
forts and  oiu-  consumption.  Under  tiicsc  impres- 
sions, the  coi^nTiittec  feel  it  a  duty  to  recoiumend  to 
the  /iouse  the  adoption  of  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  TiiM  in  the  act  to  be  p.issed  to  rid-t- 
the  sum  necessary  for  the  support  of  government 
for  the  ensuiaj;  yeai-,  the  taxherclofore'laid  on  cot- 
ton i.nd  wooU'u  luiiuuf.ctoiues,  or  on  tiie  spindits' 
employed  therein,  be  Cl.^coniinued,  and  the  same 
cxci  ■:.-■■'.  i;o;n  tiie  list  of  cerLahicies  or  articles  spe- 
cifically taxed. 

J^ead  and  agreed  to  by  the  house. 


Militia  Fines. 

opinion  of  chi^f  Justice  Marn.'inll  relative  to  the  coUec- 
tion  of  militia  Jines. 

William  Mkade,  ^  j,,„tion  ^o  be  discharged 

'^'''"  ,    ,     „V     under  a  writ  of  Jlabe;iS 

The  deputy  marshal  of  |      Corpus, 
the  "\  irgjnia  district.    J 

Ry  t!ie  return  of  the  dei^uty  mar.shal  it  appears 
that  William  Meade  the  petitioner  was  taken  into 
custody  by  him  and  is  detained  in  custody  on  ac- 
count of  the  non-payment  of  a  fine  of  forty-cight 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— MILITIA  FINES. 


195 


■dollars,  assessed  upon  liim  by  the  sentence  of  aiwluch  the  delinquent  lielane;^.  The  ide.a  o-it'lnalivJ 
co'.u'  martitl  for  fdling-  to  take  the  field  in  piirsu-jsugg-estedthattlie  tribunal  for  tlie  trial  of  the  ofier.co 
ance  of  g-eaeral  orders  of  the  24th  Marci,,  1813,  ihejshould  be  constituted  by  or  derive  its  amiiority 
marshal  not  having' found  property  whereof  the  aaid  f:om    the    g-ovcrnment    ag'ainst  which  the  offrr.ce 


fine  inig-ht  iiave  been  made 

The  coiu't-martial  was  convened  by  the  foUowir.g; 
order —  J^'ovember  Sih,  1813. 

BuifiADK  oRDE'as. — A  o-eneral  covirt  martial  to  co;v 
sisc  of  iieiiten.;nt-coiouel  Mason,  president,  &c.  ^vill 
convene  at  tiie  court-house  in  Lecsburg,  on  Friday 
the  tliird  day  of  next  month  for  the  trial  of  delin- 
quencies which  occurred  imder  the  late  requLsition 
of  the  g-overnor  of  Virs^inia  and  secretary  of  war  for 
militi.i  from  the  county  of  Loudon. 

(Sig-ned;  HUGH  DOUGIASS, 

Brig.  gen.  6th  Brig,  of  I'a.  Jit. 
The  court  being'  convened,  the  followiug^  proceed- 
ings were  !iad.  It  appearing  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  court  that  the  following-  persons  of  die  county  of 
Loudon  were  reg-ulavlydetuiied  for  militia  diity  and 
■we.  e  required  to  take  die  field  under  general  orders 
of  March  24th,  1813,  but  refased  or  failed  to  com- 
ply therewitli,  whereupon  tliis  court  doth  order  and 
adjudge,  that  tliey  be  each  severally  fined  the  sum 
annexed  to  their  names,  "to  wii,  William  Meade 
J^48."  On  the  pci-t  of  the  petitioner  the  oblio^ation 
of  ti^js  sentence  is  denied. 

1st.  Because  it  is  a  court  sitting  under  the  a\itho- 
rity  of  the  state,  and  not  of  the  United  States. 
2d.  Iv  has  not  proceeded  according- to  tlielaws  of 
the    state,  nor  is  it  constituted  according  to 
these  laws. 
3d.  Because  tlie  court  jjroceeded  without  notice 
1.  The  court  was  unquestionably  convened  by  tiie 
authority  of  tlie  state  and  sat  as  a  state  court.   It  is 
however  contended  that  the  marshal  may  collect 
fines  assessed  by  a  state  court  for  tlie  failure  of  a 
militia  man  to  take  die  field  in  pursuance  of  ordei's 
of  the  president  of  the  United  Slates.  T!ie  con^stitu- 
tio  !  of -die  United  St;ites  gives  power  to  congi-ess  to 
provide  for  calling-  forth  tlie  militia  to  execute  the 
laws  of  the  union,  &c.  In  the  i-xecution  of  tiiis  pow- 
er,  it  is  not  do'.'.bted  that  congress  may  pi*ovide  the 
means  of  punishing  those  who  shall  fdl  to  obey  the 
requisition  made  in  pursuance  of  the  laws  of  the 
union,  and  may  prescribe  the  mode  of  proceedhig 
against  such  delinquents,  and  the  tribunals  before 
■ivhicli  such  proceediiigti  should  be  had.     Indeed  it 
wotild  seem  reasonable  to  expect  tliat  all  proceed- 
jno-s  a"-ainst  delinquents  slioiud  rest  on  the  authority 
of^that  power  wliich  had  been  olfen.jed  by  the  delin- 
qtiency.  This  idea  must  be  retained  while  consider- 
ing-the  acts  of  congress.  The  first  section  of  the  act 
of  1795  atithorisfts  the  president,  "whenever  the 
United  States  shall  be  invaded,  or  in  immiitent  d-an- 
ger  of  uivasion"  to  call  forth  such  number  of  the  mi- 
litia of  tlie  state  or  states  most  convenient  to  the 
place  of  danger  or  scene  of  action  as  lie  may  judge 
necessary  to  repel  such  invasions  and  to  issue  liis 
orders  for  tliat  purpose  to  such  officer  or  officers  of 
the  militia  as  he  may  think  proper." 

The  5th  section  enacts  "that  every  officer,  non 
commissioned  officer  or  private  of  tlie  militia  who 
shall  fail  to  obey  the  orders  of  the  president  of  tiie 
United  States  inany  of  the  cases  before  recited,  shall 
forfeit  a  sum  not  exceeding  ©ne  year's  pay  and  noi 
less  than  one  month's  pay  to  be  detennined  and 
adjudged  by  a  court  martial."  The  6th  section  enacts 
*'tiiat  coui-ts  martial  for  the  trial  of  militia  shall  be 
composed  of  militia  officers  only." 

Upon  tnese  sections  depends  the  question  whetlier 
com-ts  martial  for  the  assessment  of  fines  against  dt- 
liuquent  militia  men  ^iuotdd  be  constituted   unde 


had  been  committed,  would  seem  to  require  that 
the  coart  thus  referred  to  in  general  terms,  sV.oti  d 
be  a  court  sitting-  under  the  uutliority  of  the  Uniled 
States.  It  would  be  reasotiabie  to  expect  tiiat  if 
the  power  were  to  he  devolved  on  tiie  cotirt  of  a 
state  g'ovenim en t,  that  more  explicit  terms  wo-.ild 
be  used  for  conveying  it.  And  it  seems  also  to  be 
a  reasonable  construction,  that  tlie  legislature  whcii 
in  the  6tli  section  providing  a  court  martial  for  the 
trial  of  militia  held  in  mind  the  oftenccs  described 
n  the  preceding  section  a\ul  to  lie  subraitted  to  a 
court  marri;d.  If  tlie  ofToices  described  in  t!ie  5th 
section  are  to  be  tried  by  a  court  constituted  re- 
cording to  the  provisions  of  tlie  6di  section,  then  we 
should  be  led  bv  the  lauFsiaarc  of  the  section  to  s"p- 
pose  that  congress  had  in  contemplation  a  court 
fiirmed  of  officers  in  actual  service,  since  the  provi- 
slon  that  it  "should  be  composed  of  ntilitia  oincers 


only"  would  be  otlierwise  nugatoiy.  Tliis  construc- 
tion derives  some  aid  from  the  act  of  1814,  by  that 
act  courts  martial  for  the  trial  of  oflTeuces  stich  as 
th  '.t  witii  wliich  TVIr.  Me.tde  is  charged  are  to  be  ap- 
pointed according  to  the  rides  prescribed  by  the  ar- 
ticles of  war.  TJie  court  in  the  present  case  is  not  ar- 
pointed  according  to  tliose  rtiles.  The  only  argurncut 
which  occiu-s  to  me  against  tliis  reasoning  grov.-s  out 
of  the  inconvenience  arising  from  trying  delinquent 
militia  men  who  remain  at  home  by  a  court  martial 
composed  of  officers  hi  actual  service.  This  incon- 
venience may  be  great  and  well  deserves  the  consv 
deration  of  congress — but  in  so  construiRg  a  law  as 
to  devolve  on  courts  setting  under  the  autliority  of 
tJte  state  a  power  which  in  its  n-iture  belongs  to  the 
United  States.  If  howev?*  this  shotdd  be  the  proper 
construction,  then  the  court  must  be  constituted 
according  to  the  law  of  the  state. 

On  examining  the  laws  of  Virginia,  it  appears  tl^at 
no  court  martial  could  be  called  for  the  assessment 
of  fines  on  the  trial  of  privates  not  in  actual  service 
Tliis  duty  is  performed  by  the  courts  of  enqiury, 
and  a  second  coart  must  sit  to  receive  the  excuses 
of  those  against  whom  a  previous  court  may  have 
assessed  fines,  before  the  sentence  becomes  final  or 
can  be  executed.  If  it  be  supposed,  that  the  act  of 
congress  has  conferred  the  jurisdiction  against  de- 
li'^quent  militia  privates  on  court  martial  constitu- 
ted as  those  are  for  the  trial  of  oificers,  still  tliis 
court  has  proceeded  in  such  manner  that  its  sen- 
tence camiot  be  s'.istained. 

It  is  aprincjple  of  natural  justice,  with  vj^hichco-art.s 
are  never  at  liberty  to  dispense, unless  under  the  man- 
date of  posi  live  laws, tliat  no  person  shall  be  condemn- 
ed iinheard,or  without.;:!  opportunity  of  being  hearc\ 

There  is  no  law  autliorising  courts  martial  to  pro- 
ceed against  any  person  without  notice,  consequently 
such  proceeding  is  entitled  unlawful.  In  the  case  of 
the  courts  of  enquiry  sitting  under  the  authority  of 
the  state,  the  practice  has,  I  believe  prevailed  to 
proceed  i.i  the  first  phice  witnout  notice,  but  t'lis 
Liconveiiieace  is  in  som.e  degree  reinedied  by  a  se- 
cond court,  and  1  am  by  no  me;uis  prepared  for  such 
I  construction  of  the  act  as  v/otild  justify  rendering 
this  sentence  final  without  substantial  notice,  but 
be  this  as  it  may,  tliere  is  a  court  martial,  not  a  court 
of  enquiry,  and  no  laws  exist  aiitliorising  a  court 
martial  to  proceed  without  notice.  In  this  case  tlie 
court  appears  so  to  have  proceeded;  for  this  reaso;i, 
I  consider  its  sentence  as  entirely  nugatory,  and  do 
therefore  direct  the  petitioner  to   be  discharged. 


1j»e  atithoritv  of  the  United  States  or  of  the  state  to  |  from  the  custo dj-  of  the  rmaslud. 


196    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  181 


a. 


Dinner  to  Mr.  Clay,  §x. 

A  public  dinner  was  g'lven  to  Mr.  Clay,  late  one  of 
our  envoys  at  Ghent,  l)y  his  fellow  citizens  of  Lex- 
ington, Ky.  on  tlie  7th  alt.  After  the  cloth  was  re- 
moved, the  usual  number  of  toasts  were  drank, 
■\\^hich,  thoug'h  hi3;ldy  characteristic  of  g-allant  Ken- 
tucky, are  omitted,  as  our  object  is  simply  to  i'£cord 
Avhat  Mr.  Chiy  said  on  that  occasion. 

The  6th  toast  was — "Our  able  ne.^ociators  at 
<ihent — Their  talents  for  diplomacy  have  kept  pace 
with  the  valor  of  our  arms  in  "demonstrating-"  to 
the  enemy  that  tliese  states  will  be  free." 

]Mr.  CUiy  liere  rose,  and  said  that  lie  felt  himself 
called  on  by  the  scntiii^ent  just  expressed,  to  retui-n 
his  thanks,  in  behalf  of  his  coHeag-ues  and  himself 
He  did  not,  and  was  quite  sure  the}-  did  not,  feel  that 
in  the  service  alluded  to,  they  were  at  all  entitled  to 
the  compliment  vdiicli  had  been  paid  them.  They 
could  not  do  otlierwJse  tlian  reject  the  demand  made 
by  the  other  partj',  and  if  tlieir  labors  finally  ternii 
nated  in  an  honorable  peace,  it  was  owing-  to  causes 
on  this  side  of  tlie  Atianlic,  and  not  of  any  exertion 
of  tiieirs.  Wliatever  diversity  of  opinion  may  have 
existed  as  to  the  declaration  of  the  war,  ther«  were 
some  points  on  whicli  all  mig-li  ^  look  back  with  proud 
satisfaction.  The  first  related  to  the  time  of  ihe 
conciusi  )n  of  the  peace.  Had  it  been  made  imme- 
diately after  the  treaty  of  P.iris,  we  should  have  re- 
tired humiliated  from  the  contest,  believing^  that  we 
had  escaped  the  severe  chastisement  with  which  we 
were  threatened,  and  that  we  owed  to  the  generosi- 
ty and  m'.'-pni'i"iiT>ity  ol'  tlie  enemy  what  we  were  in- 
capable of  commanding  by  our  arms.  That  m  igna- 
nimity  twjuld  have  been  the  theme  of  every  tongue, 
and  of  every  press  abroad  and  at  home.  \Ve  should 
have  retired  unconscious  f.j.  our  own  strengUi,  and 
vmconscious  of  die  utter  in.i'uilily  of  the  enemy,  with 
liis  v/hole  undivided  ftrce,  to  m.ke  any  Pcrious  im- 
pression upQ.i  us.  Our  militray  character,  then  in 
the  lowest  state  of  degradation,  would  have  been 
Tinretrieved.  Fortunately  for  us,  Oreal  Britain  those 
to  try  the  issue  of  the  last  campaign.  And  the  issue 
rf  the  :ji>t  cam]iaig"n  has  dcmonsirated,  in  the  re- 
pulse before  Baltimore,  the  reti'eat  from  Piatts- 
burgh,  the  hard  fought  actions  on  the  Niag..ra fron- 
tier, and  in  that  most  glorious  day,  the  Sih  of  Ja- 
nuary, that  we  have  always  possessed  the  finest  ele- 
TTients  of  railitaiw  composition,  and  that  a  proper  use 
of  them  only  was  necessary  to  ensure  for  the  arniv 
smd  mili'da  a  fuiie  as  imperishable  as  that  which  the 
navy  had  previously  acquired. 

Another  point  wliich  appeared  to  Mv.  C.  to  afl'ord 
the  highest  consolation  was,  that  we  fv)ught  the  most 
])0werful  nation,  perhaps  in  existence,  single-hand- 
ed and  alone,  without  any  sort  of  alliance  M.)re 
than  thirty  years  jiad  Great  Britain  been  maturing 
her  physical  means,  wliich  she  iiad  rendered  as  effi- 
cacious as  possible,  by  skill,  by  discipline,  and  by 
actual  service.  Proudly  boasting  of  the  conquest 
t;f  Europe,  she  vainly  flattered  herself  with  the  easy 
conquest  of  A'Uerica  also.  Her  veterans  were  put 
t>  flight  or  defeated,  while  all  Europe  (he  meant 
tlie  government  of  Eurojie)  was  gazing  with  cold 
indifference,  or  sentiments  of  positive  h.ttred  of  us, 
upon  the  arduous  contest.  Hereafter  no  monarcli 
can  assert  claims  of  gratitude  upon  us,  for  assistance 
rendered  in  the  hoar  of  danger. 

There  was  another  view  of  which  the  suljject  of 
the  war  was  f  lirly  susceptible.  From  the  moment 
tiiat  Great  Britain  came  forward  at  Ghent  with  her 
extravagant  demands,  the  war  totally  chang-ed  its 
character.  It  became  as  it  were  a  new  war.  It  was 
lio  longer  an  American  war,  prosecuted  for  redress 


of  British  aggressions  upon  American  rights,  but 
became  a  British  war,  prosecuted  f;)r  objects  of. 
British  ambition,  to  be  accomplished  by  American 
sacrifices.  And  what  were  those  demands  ?  Here, 
in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  a  sister  state,  and 
territories,  which  were  to  be  made  in  part  the  vic- 
tims, thev  must  have  been  felt,  and  their  enormity 
justly  appreciated.  They  consisted" of  the  erec; 
tion  of  a  barrier  between  Canada  and  the  United 
Statfts,  to  be  formed  by  cutting  off  from  Ohiq 
and  some  of  the  territories,  a  coimtry  more  exten- 
sive than  Great  Britain,  containing  tliousands  of 
freemen,  who  were  to  be  abautloned  to  their  fate, 
and  creating  a  new  power,  totally  unknoum  upon 
the  continent  of  .Vmerica  :  Of  tlie  dismantling  of  our 
fortresses,  and  naval  power  on  the  lakes,  with  the 
surrender  of  the  military  occupation  of  those  waters 
to  the  enemy,  and  of  an  arromUssement  for  two  Brif 
tlsli  provinces.  These  demands,  boldly  asserted, 
and  one  of  them  declared  to  be  a  siiicrjumim,  were, 
finally  relinquished.  Taking  this  view  of  the  sub- 
ject, if  there  be  loss  of  reputation  by  cltlicr  ])arty, 
in  the  terms  of  the  peace,  v/ho  has  sustained  it  ? 

The  effects  of  the  v/ar,  were  highly  satisfactory. 
Abroad  our  character,  which  at  the  time  of  its  de- 
claration, was  in  the  lowest  state  of  degradation, 
was  raised  to  the  highest  point  of  elevatioji.  It  was 
impossible  for  any  American  to  visit  Europe  without 
being  sensible  of  tiiis  agreeable  change,  in  the  per- 
sonal attentions  which  he  receives,  in  the  praises 
which  are  bestowed  on  our  past  exertions,  and  tha 
predictions  which  p.re  made  as  to  our  future  pros- 
pects. At  home,  a  government,  which,  at  its  forma- 
tion, was  apjjrehended  by  its  best  friends  and  pro- 
nounced by  its  enemies  to  be  incapable  of  standing 
the  shock  "of  war,  is  found  to  answer  all  the  pur- 
poses of  its  institution.  In  spite  of  the  error  which 
liad  been  committed  (and  errors  had  undoiibtedlr 
been  committed)  aided  by  the  spirit  and  patriotism 
of  the  people,  it  is  demonstrated  to  be  as  competent 
to  the  objects  of  effective  Vv'ar,  as  it  had  been  before 
proven  to  be  to  the  concei-ns  of  a  season  of  peace. 
Government  has  thus  acquired  strength  and  confi- 
dence. Oiu-  prospects  for  the  future  are  of  the 
brighcst  kind.  With  every  reason  to  count  on  the 
permanence  of  peace,  it  remains  only  fiir  the  go- 
vernment to  determine  upon  military  and  naviil 
establishments  adapted  to  the  growth'  and  exten- 
sion of  our  country  and  its  rising  importance,  keep- 
ing in  view  a  gradual  butnst  burthcnsome  increase 
of  tlie  navy.  To  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  in- 
terest, and'  the  redemption  of  the  pu'.'ic  debt,  and 
for  the  current  expcnces  of  government.  For  all 
these  objects,  the  existing  sources  of  the  revenue 
promises  not  only  to  be  abundantly  surficicnt,  but 
will  probably  leave  ample  scope  to  the  exercise  of 
the  judg-ment  of  congress,  in  selecting  for  repeal, 
modification  or  abolition,  those  which  may  be  found 
most  oppressive,  inconvenient  or  unproductive. 

The  18th,  and  last  toast  wa.s— "Our  guest  Henry 
Cla}- — We  v.olcomc  Ids  return  to  that  country,, 
whose  rights  .and  interests  he  has  so  ably  maintain- 
at  home  and  abroad." 

Mr.  Clay  rose,  and  in  a  few  words  thanked  the 
company  for  their  kind  and  affectionate  attention. 
His  reception  had  been  more  like  that  of  a  brother 
than  a  coinmoii  friend  or  acquaintance,  and  he  was 
utterly  incajjable  of  fimliiig  words  to  express  his 
gratitude.  He  compared  his  situation  to  tliat  of  a 
Swedish  gentleman,  at  a  dinner  given  in  England  by 
the  Society  of  Friends  of  Foreigners  in  Distress. 
A  toast  having  been  given  complimentary  to  his 
country,  it  was  expected,  as  is  usual  on  such  occa- 
sions, that  he  should  rise  and  address  tjic  compaiv- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


197 


The  e-cntleman,  not  understanding  the  Enghs-i  Ian-  heptembei-  U  that  the  Flor.das 
p-u:i4,   rose  under  3-reat  embarrassnient,  and  said,  '-^eat  Britain  by  Spam.     Xj^.S.^d 
■''Sir;  I  wish  von  to  consider  me  a  forei^nsr  m  dis- 
tress."—"\  wish   voii,  g-entlem.en,   (said  Mr.  Cb.y, 
evidently  much  affected)  to  consider  me  a.fne>ul\\\ 
■distress." 


Foreisrn  Articles. 

The  scraps  of  foreiirii  news  wincli  nave 
iis  since  our  last,  are  of  little  importance. 


reached 
But  the 


had  been  ceded  to 
_      'tf  below. 

M-jor  gener-d  Proctor  has  been  publicly  repri- 
manded for  his  conduct  in  Upper  Canada,  and  lieut. 
col.  MnUins  has  been  broken  for  liis  behaviour  at 
\ew  Orlciins. 

The  plag'iie  is  at  Mecca,  and  it  is  said  that  70,00(5 
had  f  lUen  victims  to  that  cruel  disorder  by  the  last 
of  June. 

British  stocks.  Sept.  15. — 3  per  cent,  consols 
56  5-8  3-4;  oniniam  6  7-S  prem.  Sept  18 — ^3  per 
cent.  con.  56  3-4 ;  omnium  7,  prem.  Sept.  20—3 
per  cent,  consols  57  1-3  ;  omnium  7  5-8  prem. 

Bonrifmrte.     Captain  Mainland,  (says  a  London  pa- 


£jllowing-  items  are  of  some  mterest.  _    ^ 

Bv  onr  Litest  advices  from  Paris,  the  public  vmnu  ^  _  ^  ^     ^ _ 

appeai-s  excessively  a.i^itated  by  the  devastations  and  jrjcr  of  Sept.  16)  commanding'  the  RcUerophon,  ar- 
impositions  on  France  bv  the  Rllie:;,    especially  the  vived  at  London  on  Thursdav,  and  delivered  to  sir 
••      "  '"      ■    ^ ^— ""■"'■'" """"°  Hudson  Love,  the  new  g-overnor  of  St.  Helena,  4000 


Prussians,  with  whom  tliere  is  almost  every  day  some 
disturbance.  The  old  ministry  of  France  have  ne- 
tired— and  a  complete  chang^e  has  been  made.    The 


pieces  of  g-old  found  amon;^  the  ai'ticles  tliat  apper- 
tained to  Bonaparte.     It  is  said  that  the  g'overnor 


king-,  in  every  respect,  mental  as  v/ell  as  corporeal,  j  n-iH   take  care  of  that  money  for  the  purpose  of 
appears  very  weak  and  feeble,  and  exceedingly  tie- j  g.iv;iia-  it  to  its  owner  in  such  proportions  as  will  not 
pressed  in  spirits.     Those  on  whom  the  crown  will :  endang-er  the  safe  keeping'  of  his  person. 
"leo-itimatelV"  descerul  are  unpopular  and  hated;,     Wehave  a  copy  of  tlie  instructiJjns  of  th 
ancf  there  is  a  talk  of  raising-  the  duke  of  Orlean.i 
to  the  throne,  wh.en  the  present  incumbent  is  re- 
moved. Serious  differences  are  said  to  exist  between 
the  English  and  Frussi.ms,  who  do  not  treat  each 
other  with  common  civility,  which  e.Ktends  even  to 
the  commanders  in  chief  of  ihe  respective  forces — j chance  of  escape 
the  reason  is  not  assig'ned.     Louis  has  not  yet  org'a-|vions  is  as  follows 
riized  a  new  arrav,  and  it  is  said  he  will  h:u-dly  be 
able  to   do  it,  without  a  conscription    The  public 
places,  the  museum,  &.c.  are  despoiled  and  desola- 
ted by  the  Prussians,  and  the  provinces  are  ravaged 
wherever  the  allied  troops  pass. 

The  Prussian  officers  in  P;u-is  omit  no  opportunity 
to  retort  with  iiitercst  upon  the  French  ofSccrs 
their  former  conduct  hi  Berlin.  In  the  coffee  houses 
they  will  not  suffer  any  Frenc#i  oiffcers  to  be  attend- 
ed to  before  them.  In  the  theatres  they  will  not 
permit  any  places  to  be  kept  fur  company  excepted, 
whilst  thev  ai-e  in  want  of  a  seat. 

At  Madame  Catalani's  benefit^  a  p.irty  of  Prus- 
sian officers  took  possession  of  places  intended  for 
others.  The  police  was  called  in,  and  a  fracas  en- 
sued, but  the  Pru^siana  ultimately  kept  possession. 
Generals  Cjesar  and  Constanthi  Faucher,  brothers. 
have  been  tried  by  a  military  tribunal  in  France, 
for  a  conspiracy  against  the  kiiig,  and  sentenced  to 
be  executed.  They  were  executed  at  Bordeaux, 
agi-eeably  to  tlieii-  sentence,  on  the  28th  of  Septem- 
bei*. 

The  archduchess  IMarta  Louisa  (Bonaparte's  late 
empress)  by  a  formal  act,  has  renounced,  for  her 
own  person  and  that  of  her  son,  every  title  of  ma- 
jesty, and  all  pretend-ions  whatever  to  the  tlirone  of 
France.  S!ie  will  hereafter  take  tlie  titles  of  arch- 
duchess of  Austria  and  duchess  of  Parma;  her  son 
will  be  called  tlie  hereditary  prince  of  Parma. 

By  a  letter  from  Bordeaux  under  date  of  tlie  30th 
September,  (says  the  Deniocratic  Press)  we  learn 
that  much  sensation  has  been  excited  in  Paris  the 
preceding  week,  in  consequence  of  the  following 
circumstance.  Louis  XV'III.  had  ordered  an  histo- 
rical plav,  and  was  in  the  royal  box  attending  to 
the  performance,  when  the  young  heir  apparent 
was  crowned  on  the  stage,  and  upon  the  instant 
the  audience,  as  though  animated  by  one  v.ill,  shout- 
ed with  one  accord,  vive  le  Xapoleon  tlie  second. 
The  king  immediately  re  »<  ?d  from  his  box.  Scenes 
of  a  similar  nature  are  frequent,  not  only  in  the 
Streets  of  Paris,  and  imder  the  windows  of  the  Tliu- 
illeries,  but  in  various  parts  of  France. 

Thfi  Flo'-iclr.s.         A  report  prevailed  in  London 


copy  ot  the  mstructwns  ot  the  British 
government  to  tlie  admiral  and  general  v;ho  is  to 
commaiKi  at  St.  Helena — they  are  too  long  f  )r  inser- 
tion in  this  number  from  the  late  hour  at  wliich  thev 
were  received  They  appear  pretty  liberal  in  some 
respects,  though  exceedingly  strict  to  prevent  all 
The  last  article  of  these  ins  truc- 

If  he  should  fill  seriously  sick,  the  admiral  and 
general  are  each  to  appoint  a  pliysician  to  attend 
him  together  with  his  own  physician,  and  to  report 
daily  the  state  of  his  health.  If  he  should  die,  the 
admiral  is  to  send  his  b(xly  over  to  England." 

It  is  reported  that  Lucien  Bonaparte's  wife  has 
been  assassinated  near  Rome. 

Ney  has  been  permitted  to  see  his  friends. ■• 

A  treaty  of  commerce  between  England  and 
France  is  spoken  of  It  is  also  said  that  the  latter 
has  agreed  to  abolish  the  slave  trade.  H.appy  for 
mankind ;wo'ald  it  be,  if  tlie  allied  princes  exerted 
themselves  as  much  to  protect  the  white  as  the 
black  people  from  slavery  ! 

Some  of  the  French  fortresses  still  appear  to 
hold  out. 

T/if  (iUied  armies. — A  London  paper  of  Septem- 
ber 15,  says — The  force  of  the  rdiied  troops  now 
it  the  territory  of  France  is  stated  to  be  as  fol- 
lou'S  : — 

Austrians 

Prussians 

Russians 

Eng-lish,  Hanoverians,  he.  under  the 
command  of  the  duke  of  'Wellington 

Bavarians,  Wertembiu'gers,   &.C. 


250,000 
230,000 
200,000 

80,000 
130,000 


In  all  830,000 

If  we  include  the  staff  officers  and  persons  be- 
longing to  the  retiime  of  the  sovereigns,  the  suits 
of  the  generals,  and  officers,  &.c  the  number  of  the 
allies  in  France  v>ill  amoujit  to  near  1,000,000. 

Treatif  ivith  France.  London  September  15 — 
Hamburg-,  Dutch,  and  Flandei's  mails  arrived  this 
morning.  Another  version  of  the  terms  on  which 
per.ce  is,  cr  is  to  be  made,  is  circulated  at  Brussels. 
The  integrity  of  France  will,  it  is  said,  be  respect- 
ed,  with  tliese  exceptions: — 

Savoy  to  be  ceded 

Porcnlruy 

Landau 
Part  ©f  Luxemburgh,     XamiU',"^ 

Hainault,  and  some  fortresses  C 

in  French  Flanders  j 


to  Sardinia, 
to  Bisle, 
to  (scrmanj'', 

to  Belgium. 


X98    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  1815. 


France  to  pay  the  expcnces  of  the  war;  to  restore 
all  her  plunder  in  the  works  of  arts,  &c;  and  to 
maintain  200,000  allied  troops  in  her  principal  for- 
tresses till  tlie  conditions  are  fiiifiUed,  for  which 
two  years  arc  allowed.  We  give  thij  statement 
merely  as  we  find  it. 

Mr.  Brougham,  (sa3rs  the  London  Statesman) 
will  take  a  conspicuous  part  at  next  session  of  Par- 
liament, in  bringing'  before  tliat  body  the  ti'eatment 
of  Napoleon  by  the  British  ministry. 

It  was  rumored  at  Paris  ou  the  21st  September, 
"Ihat  the  emperors  of  Russia  and  Austria  and  the 
king  of  Prussia,  were  to  leave  that  city  in  a  few 
days. 

French  stoekt — 5  per  cents,  28  f.  25  ;  bank  shares 
1002 f  500. 

Austrian  credit.  Accounts  from  Vienna  state  the 
general  stagnation  of  commerce  throughout  that 
monarchy.  TJie  depreciation  of  the  public  funds  is 
Euch,  that  there  is  paid  338  florins  treaawy  notes,  and 
1690  florins  bank  r.oies,  for  100  florins  casli. 

jVew  French  jimihtTtj — appointments  by  the  king. 
Offoreip-n  affau'S — the  duke  de  Jiichelieu,  peer  6f 
i'rance. 

Of  war— the  duke  of  Feltre,  peer  of  Prance. 

Of  marine  and  of  the  colonies — viscount  Diibon- 
■eai^e,  lieutenant  general. 

Of  the  interior— count  Vuu  Jilanr,  prefect  of  the 
(department  of  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone. 

Of  general  police — the  Sicnr  de  Cazes,  cQimsellor 
of  state. 

His  majesty  lias  not  yet  disposed  of  the  places  of 
minister  of  justice  and  of  finances. 

The  king  has  created  M.  Lynch,  mayor  of  Bor- 
deaux, a  member  of  the  house  of  Peers. 

The  Sieur  de  IMontchenu,  colonel,  is  appointed 
commissary  to  the  island  of  St.  Helena — to  watch 
Qver  Bonaparte. 

Fouche  \vj,s  been  banished,  under  the  character  of 
ambassador  to  Saxony.  What  has  become  of  the 
rest  of  the  old  ministers  is  not  stated. 

The  military  council  of  revision  at  Bordeaux  have 
revoked  the  sentence  of  the  2d  council  of  war, 
which  )iad  condemned  two  soldiers  to  be  shot  for 
hoisting  the  tri-colored  cockade. 

Postage.  By  a  late  act  of  the  British  parliament 
relative  to  tlie  forwarding  and  receiving  letters  to 
and  from  foreign  parts,  it  is  enacted,  that  tlie  post 
master  general  shall  receive  a  sea  postage  of  cig-ht 
pence  on  every  single  letter  brouglit  by  vessels 
(other  than  packet  boats)  from  places  bcvond  tlie 
seas  into  Great  Britain,  except  from  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  the  Mauritius,  and  the  East  Indies  ;  two 
pence  of  wiiich  to  l)e  allowed  to  the  captahi  of  the 
vessels  by  which  such  letters  are  received.  A  pe- 
nalty of  two  luuidred  pounds  is  inflicted  on  the  cap- 
tain who  shall  open  any  letters  with  wjuch  he  may 
have  been  so  entrusted ;  and  lie  is  required  to  for- 
ward all  his  letters  (except  tliose  for  his  owners)  to 
the  post  office  with  tlie  least  delay  possible,  imme- 
diately afier  his  arrival,  and  to  sign  a  declaration  of 
their  faitliful  delivery  in  tlie  presence  of  the  person 
authorized  by  the  ])ostmaster-general.  Until  this  is 
done,  and  produced  to  the  collector  of  the  customs, 
he  will  not  he  permitted  to  report.  Every  letter 
found  on  board  his  vessel,  in  his  own  possession,  in 
the  possession  of  any  of  his  crew,  or  of  any  passen- 
ger on  board,  subjects  the  person  on  whom,  or  in 
whose  baggage  it  is  found,  to  a  penalty  of  five 
pounds. 

Stkawc  i-RiGATT.. — Wc  are  induced  to  insert  the 
following  account  of  our  steam  frigate,  from  the 
Ijondoji  Pilot,   as  well  to  shew  the   formidable  cha 


there  is  a  far  better,  and  most  probably  a  perfectly 
accurate  detail  of  all  the  particulars  that  belong  to 
her.  In  the  office  of  tlie  Bi-itish  admiralty.  Our 
courtesy  is  such  that  we  have  nothing  curious  that 
we  do  not  delight  to  shew  the  British  officers  w-ho 
honor  us  with  visits,  though  the  fact  is  notorio\is 
that  in  pkach  they  act  the  part  ofKfmiur.s  by  taking 
plans  of  all  the  tvorks  and  places  tliey  see,  by  standing  ■ 
orders  from  their  superiors.  This  is  a  fact  that  cannot 
be  too  seriously  impressed  on  the  minds  of  all  our 
officers,  having  charge  of  vessels,  forts,  &.c. 

"The  following  is  given  as  a  correct  description 
of  the  steam-f'igate,  lately  launched  at  New-York  : 
Length  on  deck  300  feet,  "breadth  200  feet ;  thick- 
ness of  her  sides  13  feet,  of  alternate  oak  ]3lanlc  and 
cork  wood ;  carries  44  guns,  four  of  which  are  100 
poimders  ;  waist-guns  60  pounders,  quarter-deck 
and  fore-castle  guns  42  pounders.  In  case  of  any 
attempt  to  board  in  action,  the  machineiy  is  so  ad- 
mirably contrived  as  to  enable  her  to  discharge  on 
her  adversari-'s  decks,  100  tons  of  boiling  water  per 
minute,  at  the  same  time  that  it  brandishes  300 
cutlasses  with  the  Utmost  regularity  over  her  gim- 
wales,  and  works  an  equal  number  of  heavy  iroQ 
pikes  of  great  length,  darting  them  fi-om  her  sides 
with  prodigious  force,  and  withdrawing  them  evciy 
quai-ter  of  a  minute." 

From  Mambnrff  papers. — They  MTite  fi-om  Paris 
(August  25)  that  there  is  at  Draguignan  (in  Pro- 
vince, neai"  Frejus)  a  secret  society  of  lionapaiti^ts, 
which  has  been  lately  discovered,  and  the  place  of 
their  meeting  shut  up.  At  their  meetings  was  dis- 
played a  flag  on  which  was  written:  The  Emperor  or 
Death.  Several  of  the  members  have  been  impri- 
soned. There  are  many  similar  societies  In  other 
parts  of  France. 

On  St.  Louis's  day,  the  house  of  a  schoolmaster 
at  Paris  was  illuminated  with  the  following  gram- 
matical inscription:  "Preterite:  /  did  suffer,  thou, 
didvt  stiffcr,  he  did  suffer.  Present  :  /  enjoy,  thou 
enjoyest,  he  enjoyeth.  Future:  I  shall  live,  thoic  sJialt 
live,  lie  shall  live. 

The  salary  of  the  French  counsellors  of  state  in 
actual  service  is  16,000  francs  (^3,200)  and  that  of 
the  masters  of  requests  is  6,000  francs  (g)l,20G) 
per  annum. 

The  duchess  of  Angouleme  on  her  passage 
through  I'oitiers,  was  greeted  by  the  troops  there 
with  Vive  VEmpereur  .' 

Arras  has  surrendered  to  the  allies. 

iServia.  Tlie  following  is  an  exti-act  of  a  letter 
fi'om  Orschow,  in  Servia,  dated  in  January  last: 

"The  news  which  we  regularly  receive  from  Vi- 
enna, announce  to  us  the  progressive  march  of  the 
operations  of  the  congress,  which  are  appioaching 
their  close,  however  multiplied  and  important  the 
objects  of  discussion.  But  such  is  the  inconsis-. 
tency  inherent  in  human  wisdoai,  that  inste;',d  of 
making  a  selection  and  following  the  natural- order 
in  the  discussion  of  the  interests  of  the  human  race, 
instead  of  putting  all  that  is  merely  secondary,  op 
of  a  nature  less  urgent,  it  ajipears  to  us  that  tliey 
have  ]5tu'posclv  applied  themselves  to  questions  in 
the  inverse  ratio  of  their  importance.  What  were 
the  early  objects  of  their  dclibei-ations.''  Discus- 
sions about /ji'efcc/i??icj/,  conferences  on  the  affairs  of 
Sivitzerlandy  confidential  debates  on  matters  pniblic 
and  notorious,  altercations  :ibout  Saxony  before  the 
state  of  Germany  was  understood,  transactions  as 
to  I'oland  wliicli  were  «  i  many  displays  of  force 
with  a  view  of  avoiding  explanation;  on  all  hands 
protestations  of  fidelity  and  magnanimity,  bitter  re- 
proaches on  the  disproportion  of  sacrifices,  gigaur 


'ractcr,  she  bears  as  to  say,  that,  beyond  all  d'jubt,*\lc  pretensions  decorated  witli  tiit  name  of  le^'iti 


NILES'    WEEKLY  H.EGTSTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


199 


TBate  I'e-construc'iions — in  fine,  di-:r  . . ,,  ■  ...  .•.>:; 
abilition  of  the  slave  trade.  Here  •»!  rr.  r)l\in\.-ry 
indig-nation  takes  possession   of  e-eiy  lio.'iest  man, 

of   every   well   regruliited  inind. ; — i'hc   .luijust 

couticii  of  sovereig-ns,  the  fj.tner-  ■^•'  V.c  European 
family,    are    occupied    at    Vi-nnv.    witii  the    fate 


of  the  negroes  of  Congo  and  of  tlie  coast  of  Guinea; 
the\'  extend  even  to  them  their  generous  ^.olicitude! 
Bill  that  the  feeling  of  admiration  may  not  be  in- 
terrupted, we  must  take  care  not  to  IooIl  around  us. 
AVe  must  not  listen  "o  thegi-oans  of  an  unfortunate 
nation,  whom  the  Turks  are  exterminating  and 
mowing  down  by  tliousands,  not  more  than  four  days 
journey  from  Vienna!  We  mtist  avert  our  looks, 
we  must  not  enqub  e  into  what  is  passing  in  iSenu'a. 
All  compassion  is  reserved  for  tiie  negroes,  and 
none  for  the  Servians.  The  ferocious  masselmen 
massacre,  impale  tliem,  violate  their  women  and 
children,  compel  them  to  abjure  the  religion  of  tlieir 
fatliers,  and  convert,  with  insatiable  barbarity,  all 
that  flourishing  country  into  one  vast  and  gloomy 
tomb.  The  bones  of  the  Servians  strew  their  u-i- 
tive  soil;  the  corpses  of  their  bravest  warriors, 
pierced  witJi  pious  wounds,  qover  the  biinks  of  the 
Danube;  burial  is  denied  them,  and  their  still  pal- 
pitating- limbs  are  devoured  by  dogs  and  wild  beasts 
— the  towns  in  ashes,  the  viilafres  burnt  and  smok- 
ing, the  churciies  profaned,  tlr.  own  down,  destroy- 
ed, the  priests  dehvered  up  to  the  most  horrible 
punishments— sudi  is  the  frightful  contrast  which 
Servia  presents  by  the  side  of  ihe  brilliant  futes  and 
tumultuou-,  ])omp  of  the  congress.  Ye,  who  repre- 
sent the  interests  of  Europe,  if  you  arrest  not  the 
torrent  in  its  course — if  you  look  on  with  indiffer- 
ence, and  see  your  children  sacrificed — if,  slaves  to 
ubiect  passions  and  criminal  jealousies,  you  permic 
a  falling  edifice  to  be  cemented  with  tlic  blood  ut' 
Christians — if  yoa  eiitercain  the  idea  of  saving  an 
fiip.pirc  marked  with  the  seal  of  reprobation,  woe 
to  you,  to  your  dynasties  and  alliances." 

A-nnmcAN  isiiavetiv — From  a  lata  Irish  JMagaziiie. 

We  have  to  congi-attdate  our  tmhappy  couatry- 
men,  who  cannot  find  securities  fur  Mr.  Cirattan,  nor 
repose  under  Sir  John  New]5ori's  rocking'  statute, 
that  their  destined  country,  their  asylum,  has  again 
triumplied  over  another  nation  of  pirates.  The 
gallant  Decatur,  commandhig  an  American  squad- 
ron in  ilie  ]Mcditerr.i,nean,  engaged  a  superior 
force  of  Aigerines,  on  tlie  coast  of  Spain,  on  the 
20th  of  June;  and  afier  an  action  of  two  hours,  the 
invincible  republicans  succeeded  in  completely  de- 
feating the  minor  or  second  rate  sea-robbers.  The 
admiral  was  killecl,  and  his  ship,  tlic  ZMezoara,  of 
40  guns,  was  sent  to  New-York  to  sport  the  captured 
crescent,  with  the  Union  jack  of  her  fellow  sufferer, 
the  Macedonian.  Another  large  vessel  was  drove 
asliore,  where  the  crew  attempted  to  escape,  btit  l\\c 
Spanish  peasants  collected  the  fugitives  and  restor- 
ed tliem  to  the  gallant  conquerors.  Tipperary  peo- 
ple !  arise  from  your  police  cradles,  shake  off  the 
cords  tliat  bind  you  to  your  pallets,  by  the  laws  of 
Alfred,  take  yovir  children  to  the  country  of  Frank- 
lin, where  there  are  no  Grattans  to  demand  sccu- 
.rities  for  leave  to  breatlie,  nor  New]3ort's  to  put 
vou  to  sleep  with  the  bayonet,  nor  spectacles  made 
l)y  oppressors  to  look  down  your  cliimnies;  nor  eve- 
droppers  employed  to  catch  the  conversation  of  your 
children.    [In part  incorrect.   The  ship  -was  rct:tordd.] 

DithUn,  September  7.  State  af  the  conntrij. — We 
learn  from  various  communications  the  lamentable 
fact,  that  a  general  and  alarming  commotion  is  ra- 
pidly s]):-eading  tin-oughout  the  cotmty  of  Tippera- 
ry, proceetiing  chioHy  from  the  consequences  of  tlie 
?.*'/'/?  py^tem,  combined  wjth  the  present  genei-^ 


distress.  In  open  d.ay,  the  country  is  traversed  by 
armed  bands  from  \5  to  25  in  number ;  niglit  in- 
creases the  number  to  hundreds,  and  they  seem 
abimdantl}-  su]:pliedwiih  fire  arms. 

In  almost  every  parish  v/itnJn  fifteen  miles  circuit 
of  Cashel,  the  people  rcfise  to  submit  to  t!ie  re 
cent  .tcreable  cLurgps,  and  have,  it  is  said,  unani- 
mously resolved  to  pay  no  higher  tythes  than  two 
shillings  per  acre.  Thi^5  offer  not  being  accepted, 
the  people  are  every  who.;  setting  out  the  tytlics 
of  their  corn,  iiay,  |.<o';itoes,  "in  kind,"  and  under 
circumstances  of  alar.ning  exa;;peri,tion. 

The  high  sheriff  has,  it  is  said,  written  pressing- 
letters  to  government  for  a  large  increase  of  the  mi- 
litary farce  in  the  county  of  Tipperary,  and  announc- 
ed liis  utter  inability  to  cope  witli  the  insurgent 
bands  now  at  open  war  v\itii  the  tythe  system,  and 
spreading  terror  throu.gliout  the  land. 

[Tiie  poor  oppressed  people  have  little  hope  of 
any  good  effects  f/orn  resistance.  Tiie  priest  of 
Baal  are  too  powerful  to  be  moved  by  partial  ris- 
ings. May  tiie  people  of  the  three  kingdoms,  in  one 
body,  exert  tlieir  strength,  and  put  down — down 
fo;-ever,  tlie  wretches  that  fatten  on  their  blood  a.nd 
sweat !  "Perish  the  invaders"  of  the  poor  maivs 
field!] 

Mentz,  September  12.  Jerome  Bonap:u'te  is  at  Gop- 
pinger,  where  he  will  remain  until  the  castle  of 
Elwanging  is  prepared  for  his  reception.  He  is 
treated  with  the  usual  res]5ect  sliown  to  princes. 

Paris,  .'htgitst  18.  Yesterday  10,000 muskets  were 
to  have  been  delivered  from  the  magazine  at  Vm- 
cennes,  to  two  Russian  commissioners  :  it  appears 
that  these  arms  are  given  to  Itussia  by  a  pr.rticular 
arrangement.  Tiie  two  commissioners  ])resented 
themselves,  in  fxt,  to  receive  the  arnis  in  question, 
])Ut  reiired  witiiout  taking  them  in  consequence  of 
a  discussion  in  Avhich  neither  they  nor  the  comman- 
dant  of  the  castle  liad  any  shai-e.  ['I'i.is  pi-obably 
means  a  resistance  by  the  people,  Mhich  the  free 
press  of  Paris  dai-cs  not  to  state.] 

The  tv  o  preceding  days  15,000  muskets  and  87 
pieces  of  cannon  were  delivered  to  the  Eng-lisli  and 
Prussian  troops.  The  ])ortion  reserved  for  Russia 
is,  it  is  said,  all  that  remains  now  to  be  given  out. 
After  the  completion  of  tlic  delivery,  tiie  blockade 
of  the  castle  of  A  inccnnes  will  be  raised,  and  that 
fortress  will  Ik  included  in  tiie  capitulation  of  Paris, 
Elevevth  .^lilitari;  Division. — Copy  of  the  letter 
written  by  the  count  de.  liabisval,  lieutenant-gene- 
ral of  the  armies  of  liis  catholic  majesty,  gencral-hi- 
chietof  tlic  left,  grand  cross  of  tiie  military  order 
of  .St.  Ferdinand,  to  the  most  excellent  lord  tlie 
count  de  \iom.cnil,  general-hi-cliief  of  tiie  11th  mi- 
litary division: 

llead-cjuarters,  Ustarilz,  Sd  Sept.  1815. 
M.  General — I  have  received  the  official  news 
which  announces  to  mc  that  tlic  armv  of  the  rjgiit, 
Uiulcr  the  orders  of  general  Castanos,  has  witii, 
drav.'u  iisclf  from  tiie  Frencli  tciritory;  and,  con- 
formably to  Vvjiat  1  had  t'le  lionor  of  offering  to  your 
excellency,  the  troops  wliich  are  under  my  orders., 
have  this  day  commenced  to  put  tliemselves  in  mo- 
tion: to-morrow  they  will  commence  re-entering 
Spain,  and  on  the  6th  of  tliis  montii,  tlie  evacuation 
of  tlie  French  territory  v.ill  be  entirely  coiiipieted,. 
I'lie  conduct  of  the  army  vv'liich  I  command  has 
been  conformable  to  the  orders  which  I  received 
from  my  sovereign,  and  to  the  friendsiii])  v.-lucji 
reigns  between  the  two  n.itions 


Notwithstanding  tiie  menaces 


which  some  local 


authorities  liave  indiscreetly  lavished,  the  gr)od  dis- 
cipline of  my  troops  lias  not  been  impaired.  The 
Spanish  soldiers  have  liyed  like  brethren  and  faith- 


QQO     NILBS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  1815, 


ful  allies  with  the  pacific  Frenchmen.  Tli«  honors 
whicli  have  been  commilted  in  their  country  by  the 
satellites  of  Bonaparte,  luive  excited  in  their  bo- 
poms  no  other  impression  than  the  desire  of  mani- 
festing to  the  world  that  their  hearts  are  inca- 
pable of  entertaining  any  feelings  of  vengeance, 
and  that  the  same  arms  wliich  have  chased  away 
those  hordes  of  wretches  are  disposed  to  unite 
themselves  with  the  troops  of  Louis  XYIII.  to  main- 
tain together  tlie  sacred,  the  august  family  of  the 
bourbons. 

I  hope  tliat  for  tlic  future  it  will  not  he  nccessa- 
vy,  and  I  very  sincerely  desire  that  liis  majesty 
Louis  18th  may  not  have  hereafter  to  repent  of  his 
being  deprived  of  the  succor  of  80,000  Spaniards, 
ivho  would  have  considered!  and  defended  liis  c:uise 
flis  their  own,  and  who  will  always  serve  as  a  prompt 
support  to  good  Frenchmen. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  very  particular  re- 
gard, 3^our  excellency's  very  liumble  and  most  obe- 
dient servant, 

Tlie  count  DE  LABI3VAL. 
JRennes,  Sept.  14. — Gen.  count  Tauentzein,  com- 
manding the  6th  corps  of  the  Prussian  army,  has 
made  a  requisition  on  tliis  city,  to  be  furnished  in 
three  days,  of  the  follo^^'ing  articles: 
480,000  rations  of  bread 
240,000      «  fresh  meat 

15,000      «  salt  meat 

45,000      «  rice 

90,000      "  onions  and  other  vegetables 

45,000      "  butter  and  lard 

240,000    litres    of  beer 
120,000      "  wine 

24,000      ''  brandy 

15,000     lbs.      of  tobacco 

60,000  bushels  of  oats 
560,000  weight  of  hay  an.d  straw. 
London,  Sept.  15.  Our  foreign  exchange,  has  ri- 
sen considerably,  and  is  now  almost  as  favorable  as 
during  the  last  peace.  In  Holland  it  is  almost  at 
par.  In  France  and  .at  Hamburgh,  it  is  still  a  lit- 
tle below,  but  as  en  the  one  side  they  reckon  ac- 
cording- to  tlie  value  of  gold,  and  on  the  other  ac- 
cording to  that  of  silver,  we  cannot  have  a  par  com- 
pletely exact.  It  had  besides  been  calculated  that 
the  payment  of  the  subsidies  to  tlie  foreign  powers 
and  the  expenses  of  our  troops  upon  the  continent, 
would  have  a  very  vmfavorable  eit'cct  upon  our  ex- 
cliange;  but,  by  the  manner  in  which  these  pay- 
ments have  been  arranged,  that  eifect  liss  been 
scarcely  sensible.  The  lowest  price  of  gold  ^•.ring 
the  peace  of  1814,  was  betv/een  4/.  5.?.  and  41.  6s. 
sterling  per  oz.  e.Kcept  doubloons,  whicli  were  at 
one  time  at  Al.  3s.  Cold  is  now  quoted  at  4/.  lr.\ 
doubloons  at  A-l.  As.  Silver  has  never  been  lower 
than  5s.  7d.  and  that  is  now  its  present  price.  TJie 
quantity  entered  for  exportxition  on  Tuesday  last, 
■was  96  ingots  of  gold,  weighing  44,445  ounces.  In 
this  sketch  of  the  state  of  exchange,  we  ought  not 
to  omit  the  great  alteration  that  has  taken  place  in 
the  situation  of  Ireland  in  that  respect,  and  wliich 
arises  from  the  low  price  of  its  produce,  grain  and 
other  articles  of  consumption.  The  exchange  with 
Bublin  and  Cork,  wliich  was  lately  between  5  ajul 
7,  is  Tiow  quoted  at  11. 

September  20.  The  officers  appointed  by  lord 
B.ithurst  to  make  discoveries  in  Africa,  and  parti- 
cularly to  discover  the  course  of  tlie  river  Xinrer, 
v.,iich  js  still  a  problem  among  geographers,  are, 
)iiai<)r  I'cddie,  captain  Campbell  and  Mr.  Gondry. 

J^.-mdm,  Sr'pt.  24. — The  question  of  indemnity' 
V.'liiC!;  EiigtaT'.d  demands  for  the  efforts  which  she 
in.;.-L^  i.i  the  w.;r  i^i'  Spain,    Las  tem-unutedj  after 


long  discussions,  by  the  cession  of  the  two  Floridas. 
east  and  west.  IJut  this  ton.giie  of  laud  has  no  reaL 
value  at  the  moi-:ent;  it  ofl'ei's  only  sandy  deserts 
and  unhcaltliy  coasts.  Tliere  must  be  cities  built 
there  and  harbors  constructed;  but  even  all  tliis 
will  give  no  importance  to  a  single  line  of  coast, 
wliile  tlie  country  situated  behind  these  coasts  sY..Al 
not  be  put  in  cultivation  and  become  productive. 
Moreover,  this  belongs  to  the  United  States.  When 
they  shall  have  cultivated  it,  they  will  desii-e  to  po.s- 
sess  tliemselves  of  the  Fioridas,  which  can  be  use- 
fid  only  to  them.  V.'c  fear  tlien  that  the  occupation 
of  these  tv.'o  provinces  will  not  prove,  In  the  end, 
sound  policy.  It  will  e^•en  be  a  heavy  cliarge  to  ihe 
treasury,  for  Spain  is  obliged  to  draw  every  year 
151,0001  from  Mexico,  to  support  her  establish- 
ments in  the  Fioridas. 

M^Call's  Ferry-Bridge. 

Copy  of  a  let ier  from  Theodore  Burr  to  Jleuben  Fieldt. 
bvidgc-hidlder,  Ji'aterfird,  JK'e-.v-l'ork. 

Harrisburg,  Feb.  26,  ISl."!. 

Dear  Si) — I  can  now  inform  you,  w.t'i  n  co:isider- 
able  degree  of  satisf;iction,  that  I  have  at  length 
succeeded  in  getting  up  the  long  arch  at  M'Cull's 
ferry.  This  arch  is  without  doubt  the  greatest  in 
the  world.  Its  length,  between  the  abutment  and 
pier,  is  three  hundred  and  sixty  feet  four  inches; 
the  chord  line  of  the  arch,  three  Jiundred  and  sixty- 
seven  feet.  The  width  of  the  imain  part  of  the  bridge 
IS  thirty-two  feet;  the  wings  of  the  pier  spread  ele- 
ven feet  eight  iisches  on  each  side,  which  makes  a 
base  of  fifty-five  feet  four  inches.  At  the  abutment, 
the  v/inps  spread  seventeen  feel  eacli,  which  makes 
a  base  of  sixty-six  feet.  Tlie  altitude  or  rise  of  the 
arch  is  thirty-one  feet.  The  arch  is  double,  ;md  the 
two  segments  are  combined  by  king-posts  seven 
feet  in  leng-th  between  the  shoulders,  and  are  united 
to  the  arch  by  lock-work.  Between  the  king-posts 
are  truss-braces  and  counteracting  braces.  The  arch 
stands  firm  and  remarkably  easy,  without  the  least 
struggling  in  any  part  of  the  work. 

It  will  be  difiicult  to  convey  to  you,  by  the  de- 
scription, the  process  by  which  we  finally  succeeded 
in  surmounting  the  almost  unconquerable  difficulties 
opposed  to  its  erection,  not  only  by  nature,  but  by 
all  the  elements  combined. 

In  the  first  place,  we  raised  it  on  floats  lying  in 
(he  water,  ranged  along  the  shore  nearly  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  below  the  abutment.  The  floats  were 
placed  at  proper  jlistanccs,  with  their  ends  to  the 
shore,  and  on  each  of  them  were  raised  two  bents 
or  frames,  varying-  in  height  to  correspond  with  the 
curve  of  the  arch.  This  made  sixteen  bents,  on  - 
which  tbe  grand  and  enormous  structure  was  raised, 
amidst  tremendous  storms  and  tempests,  accdmp.a- 
nied  with  floods  and  whirls  and  the  bursting  of 
waters.  The  scene  at  times  was  truly  terrilic.  Fre- 
quently  in  the  dai-kcst  niglits  we  were  under  the 
necessity  of  going  between  the  floats,  and  from  one 
to  the  other,  on  small  timbers,  over  a  depth  of  one 
hundred  feet  water,  in  order  either  to  shonen  or 
lengthen  out  the  ropes  by  which  they  were  fastened, 
and  to  brace  otf  or  liaul  in  the  floats,  as  the  water 
rose  or  fell.  It  took  gloUO  worth  of  ropes  to  slay 
the  works  against  the  flood  and  storms  that  we  often 
h;id  to  contend  with;  and  you  must  understand  that 
storms  of  wind  are  much  more  freqvient  and  tre- 
mendous at  this  place,  than  almost  any  other,  owing 
to  tlic  great  height  of  the  mountains  wiiich  closely 
border  the  river  on  each  side. 

From  the  time  we   commenced  till  we  got  the 
aixh  on  the  floats  was  ten  weeks;  dtu-ing  the  whole 


MLES'  WEEKLY  HEGISTER— M'CALL'S  FERRY-BRID&E.         £01 


0?  which  time  the  water  was  never  stationary,  but 
continually  cither  rising'  or  f.iUinty.  At  one  time  it 
was  twenty  feet  above  common  low-water  mark;  but 
in  general  it  rose  and  fell  from  ten  to  twelve  feet. 

You  will  now  observe  that  the  arch  stood  length- 
ways up  and  down  the  river,  along-  a  shore  of  huge 
and  uneven  points  and  projections  of  rocks,  which 
kept  us  always  in  jeopardy,  in  consequence  of  the 
rising  and  falling  of  the  water,  as  I  before  observed. 
On  the  17th  /  December,  we  had  the  whuic  in  rea- 
diness to  move  up  to  the  abutment,  and  on  ihe  same 
day  the  anchor-ice  began  to  run  a  little.  The  next 
(w'luch  was  the  day  we  had  fixed  upon  to  move  the 
arch  to  its  place)  the  ice  ran  in  still  greater  quan- 
tities, and  about  one  o'clock  it  stopped  for  the 
space  of  about  half  a  mile,  and  began  to  crowd  tiie 
floats.  It  continued  to  move  for  more  than  one  lum- 
dred  miles  above,  where  the  river  is  fiom  one  and 
an  liaif  to  two  miles  wide;  whei-eas  at  this  place  you 
will  observe  it  is  only  six  hundred  and  nine  feet  in 
high  water;  and  in  low  water  the  whole  river  rung 
in  the  space  of  three  hundred  and  forty-eight  feet. 
'In  this  state  it  has  been  sounded  by  doctors  Preslon, 
.Ifurshalf  and  Baley,  gentlemen  interested  in  the 
bridge,  and  ascertained  to  be  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  in  depth;  and  it  will  perhaps  not  be  improper 
to  observe  here,  that  taking  a  view  of  the  great  ex- 
tent of  country  tlu-ough  which  the  Susqueiianna 
runs,  the  number  of  gi-eat  and  almost  innumerable 
smaller  streams  that  empty  into  hi  it  in  its  com-se, 
there  is  in  all  proljability  running  in  this  space  of 
three  hundred  and  forty  eight,  and  under  the  long 
arcii,  at  least  fifteen  times  the  quantity  of  v.ater 
that  passes  under  the  Union  Bridge  at  Waterford. 

The  ice  continued  to  run  during  the  9th,  10th, 
and  lltli,  and  pressed  so  hard  against  the  floats  that 
it  raised  up  the  outer  ends  of  some  two  feet,  others 
three  feet;  some  less  and  .some  none  at  all;  so  that 
the  scaffolding  began  to  stand  in  all  directions,  the 
braces  breaking  and  bursting  out  the  spikes  and  bolts 
and  the  arch  cai-eening  heavy  towards  the  shore, 
touclung  only  here  and  tliere  upon  the  timbers 
wiiich  supported  it;  but  as  yet  it  had  sustained  no 
injury.  Tlic  only  chance  of  saving  it  now  depended 
on  the  ice  eitlier  becoming  strong  enougli  to  support 
it,  or  gi-adually  melting  away  so  as  to  go  ofii'  easy, 
without  tearing  the  whole  with  it.  I  determined  up- 
on trying  it  on  llie  ice,  and  on  the  12ih  we  fixed  our 
capstan'on  the  ice,  and  fastened  ropes  to  it  and  to 
the  arch  to  sustain  it  from  fV.lling,  and  also  put  some 
braces  between  it  and  tiie  recks  on  the  shore. 

From  this  time  till  Christmas  we  could  do  but  lit- 
tle, in  consequence  of  a  thaw  whicli  took  all  the  ice 
out  of  the  river  except  about  half  a  mile  that  first 
stopped;  which  we  also  expected  would  go,  but  it  did 
not.  Soon  afur,  the  weather  became  severe  and 
liove  in  a  mountain  of  ice  upon  us,  the  average  height 
of  wliich,  for  about  a  mile  above  and  below  us,  was 
ten  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water  at  tlie  shores, 
rt  did  not,  however,  effect  our  v/orks  so  much  as 
might  have  been  expected.  The  outer  ends  of  tiie 
floats  had  settled  down  about  a  foot  by  the  thaw ; 
but  this  hove  them  up  something  worse  than  they 
were  at  first.  At  the  same  time  the  M'iiole  body  of 
ice  moved  down,  from-twenty  five  to  thirty  feet, 
which  bore  so  luu-d  against  the  floats,  that  they  pres- 
sed .so  hard  against  the  rocks,  that  it  broke  and 
mashed  more  than  half  o*"  them  to  pieces.  Still  tl;c 
Jircii  remained  unliurt  and  tjie  scaffolding  stood  be- 
yond expectation. 

On  tlie  28th  we  commenced  leveling  tlie  ice,  in 
order  to  take  the  soaflblding  and  arch  off  the  fioats 
Oil  to  it.  I  had  18  men  employed  at  that  business; 
•anH  I  pre'Stune  ttvat  on  an  average  they  were  in,  up 


to  their  arms,  forty  times  each  in  one  day.  But  it 
will  be  necessary  to  expUin  to  you  the  nature  of  the 
ice  here:  Ic  is  made  up  of  floating  ice  from 'one- 
fourth  inch  to  two  inches  thick.  It  fVjrms  fi-om  fifty 
to  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles  abote  the  bridge, 
wjiere  the  water  is  not  very  rapid  but  very  wide;  and 
in  some  winters  runs  constantly,  for  three  or  four 
weeks,  without  stopping.  From  the  head  of  Tur- 
kevhill  falls  to  witnin  three- fourths  of  a  mile  of  the 
bridge,  a  distance  of  about  fifteen  miles,  there  is 
almost  one  continued  fall,  the  bed  of  the  river 
abounding  with  rocks  that  break  the  ice  very  fine. 
The  river  behig  so  long  and  wide  above,  there  is 
an  immense  quantity  of  this  ice  formed,  and  so  ve- 
ry naiTov\f  at  the  bridge,  that  there  it  becomes  an 
immense  mass  of  from  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  deep^ 
before  it  stops.  When  this  takes  place,  all  the  ice 
from  above  drives  beneatli  into  tlie  deep  water,  un-' 
til  it  becomes  from  sixty  to  eighty  feet  deep;  and. 
you  may,  by  digging  doM'n  three  feet,  take  a  pole 
sixty  feet  long,  and  with  the  strength  of  your  handg 
run  it  down  the  wliole  length,  and  find  uo  termina- 
tion of  v.'hat  is  called  the  mush  ice. 

On  the  29th,  we  began  to  bridge  a  space  of 
about  fifty  feet  from  the  floats,  which  was  soft,  in 
order  to  move  the  arch  sideways  to  where  the  ic& 
was  stronger.  It  took  us  from  the  29th  to  the  8th 
of  January  to  prepare  one-lialf  of  the  arch  for  mov- 
ing. This  was  Sunday;  and  by  evening  we  hai 
eight  capstans,  with  each  a  double-fold  tackel  fast 
to  it,  and  with  the  assistance  of  about  fifty  citizen* 
of  the  vicinity  we  made  a  move  of  four  feet. 

On  the  morning  of  the  9th,  we  fourfolded  all  tlie 
capstans,  except  one,  and  moved  the  one-half  of 
the  arch  off  sideways,  forty-six  feet,  on  to  the  run- 
ners one  hmidred  and  eighty-five  feet  long.  On  the 
10th,  we  fixed  the  cross-runners  (upon  which  we 
moved  it  sideways)  onto  the  runners  that  extendeJ 
lengthways  with  the  arch,  and  confined  all  tight 
together.  On  the  12th,  in  the  forenoon,  it  rained; 
in  the  afternoon  we  levelled  the  ice  for  a  road,  be  ■ 
fore  it  woidd  freeze  again.  The  13th,  we  moved 
tlie  arch  seventy-seven  feet;  the  weather  soft.  14th, 
we  made  some  rollers;  tlie  weather  still  soft  but 
snowing.  15th,  had  but  few  hands;  moved  the  arch 
fifty  feet,  16th,  we  introduced  the  rollers  every 
where,  and  moved  the  arch  217  feet  in  three  hours. 
17th,  made  a  move  of  upwiu-ds  of  300  feet.  18th 
and  19th,  got  tip  the  one  half  of  the  arch. 

V/e  now  commenced  upon  the  other  half,  whick 
we  fitted  and  got  up  in  eight  day«.  Now  we  wheel- 
ed to  the  right  and  left,  one  half  of  tlie  arch  to  the: 
abutment,  and  the  otlier  half  to  the  pier;  fitted  the 
buts  to  their  places;  cut  off  the  scaffbld-posts  at 
bottom,  some  more  some  less,  from  one  to  twelve 
inches,  so  as  to  brmg  the  whole  arch  to  its  perfect 
iieight  and  curve,  and  then  united  tlie  centre.  On 
Mond.ay,  the  SOtJi,  about  9  o'clock  at  night,  we  had 
the  arch  every  where  keyed  up,  and  '.m  Tuesday 
morning  it  stood  of  itself.  Along  t)ie  middle  way 
of  tlie  arch  the  scalTolding  had  fallen  away  si::  or 
seven  inches;  btit  less  and  less  tovrards  t'le  abut- 
inent  and  pier.  To  have  an  idea  of  the  cause  of 
this,  you  must  understand,  tliat  there  is  a  regtilar 
ebbing  and  flowing  in  the  river  at  this  place,  onco 
in  tv,enty-four  hours,  of  from  two  to  four  feet, 
which  has  a  proportionate  eircct  on  the  ice,  causmg 
it  to  rise  and  fall  from  fifteen  inches  to  two  feet_, 
vv'hich  at  the  same  time  in  continually  working  it- 
self downstream,  slowly  and  imperceptibly  to  the 


e\c 


On  Tuesday  morning,  a^  I  obseiwed,  the  arch 
supported  itself.  We  examined  every  part  of  il, 
dfijve  some  keys,  an4  taaie  every  ^biing'  tight  as 


202     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  18,  1815. 


possible.  Tn  the  afternoon,  we  began  to  cut  away  | 
the  scaffolding',  and  got  down  two-thirds  of  it  be- 
fore dark;  then  stopped  m\  hour  for  refreshment, 
and,  before  we  began  again,  h\J  tvo  large  firc^ 
made,  on  eacli  sJJe,  about  six'y  feet  from  the  abut- 
ment or  sliore.  We  then  set  to  cutting  down  the 
remaii'ing  pirt  of  the  scaHblding,  v/hicli  was  com- 
pleted ubout  h:df  past  3  o'clock.  The  whole  now 
e.vhiblted  the  gvavidest  specti'.cle  I  ever  saw.  Aided 
by  the  ligi't  of  the  fires,  wi.  could  plainly  see  the 
shore,  and  the  area  ri-.ing  from  tlie  abutment  and 
e:ctending  itself  wesi  out  of  sight.  Il  was  a  joyful 
moment  to  my  brave  fellows;  and  you  may  well  sup-" 
pose  they  gave  way  to  tjie  invpulse,  in  loud  aivl 
repeatedhurras.  The  next  day  was  seu  apart  as  a 
day  of  rejoiciiiiV. 

The  centre  ol" the  arch  is  sixU'-onc  feet  f.ora  com- 
mon low  water  to  the  lower,  am.4   seventy  fjet  four 
inches  to  the  upper  segment,  andSf.y-tvro  And  six- 
tv-one  feet  four  inches  fi-om  t'lC  surface  of  the  ice 
wiicn  it  was    \nii.  on.     Daring  tl>e    who'ie   of  this 
struggle,  the  huvnrii>e  feeliogs  and  kind  di&ijosilion 
of  the  inhanitants,  for  tv/eive  to  fovi  teen  miies  dis 
tance,  on  both  sides  the  river,  v.eie  ir.rnifested  to 
a  degree  that  I  believe  was  scarcely  ever  equalled. 
They  voluntarily  assisted  fi-om    day  to  day;  so  that 
from  the  8th  of  Jai\uary  to  the  1st  February,  I  had 
of  thi:3  ch'.ss  from  forty  to  one  iiuadred  ar.d  twenty 
men  every  dav;  and  none  ever  di.ic;,vertd  mo.e  zeal, 
•r  behaved  M'ith  more  order  and   uecornm,  in  any 
service,    wiiere   the  most   exaci  discipline  was  ri- 
gorously enforced.      They  came  early,    staid  till 
dark,  and  reiurned   liome  after  nlgut.     Some   at- 
tended every  day;    Avhllsi  oJiers   at  times  A-'ould 
ride   day   and   night  to  notify  and  bring  on  •'roops. 
One  day  we  could  call  on  Lancaster  co.  the  next  on 
York,  and  sometimes  on  both  in  xhe  same  day,  and 
for  the  most  part  v/e  did  not  want  for  mei.     To 
move  an  arch  of  sucli  an  enormous  weight,  fifty  and 
sixty  feet  in  the   air,  was  no  small   bu.^iness;    and, 
bad' it  not  been  for  the  friendsarp  of  these  people, 


Three  vessels  had  arrived  at  Carthagena  fi-om  the 
Ignited  States,  witli  flour,  vrhich  readily  sold  at  26 
dollars  per  b;u-rel. 

''pec/c,  Stocks,  &c. — .\t  Pliihidelphia,  specie.  A-- 
merican  17,  Spanish  20  per  cent,  advance — treasu- 
ry notes  6  per  cent.  do.  Six  percent,  loans  9SJ. 
At  Baltimore,  specie  19  a  22;  treasury  notes,  none 
in  the  market;  6  per  cent,  loans  101.  At  Charles- 
'oTit  specie  9  ])e.  cent.  prem.  Treasury  notes  2  per 
cent.  dis.  6  per  cent.  Slock  90  a  100.  At  Boston  6 
per  cent,  loans  82A;  treasury  notes  12^  dis. 

New  York  bank  r.otes  are  at  6  per  cent.  ad.  at  Phi- 
ladeiphia,  Virginia  at  par.  North  Carolina  one  per 
cent.  ad.  IJaitimore  3  per  cent.  dis.  bills  on  liOJton 
113  a  120.  New  Yoik,  Philadelphia,  and  TJaitimore 
bank  bills  are,  respectively,  at  12^,  18, and  19  a  2d 
per  cent    discount  at  I^oston. 

Brituh  in  Canada. — The  Boston  papers,  on  tlie 
authority  of  "gen.tlemen  fi-om  Canada"  expressly 
contradict  the  reports  we  liave  had  relative  to  an 
increase  of  the  Brltisli  force  in  that  covintry.  Tliey 
say  tliat  the  troops  tliere  do  not  exceed  10  regi- 
ments, of  500  men  each. 

Tir:  CiiEKKH,  Stc.  From  the  Georgia  Argus,  JVo- 
■oejn'ocr  1. — We  learn  from  a  gentlem:in  v.ho  passed 
through  the  Creek  Nation  last  week,  that  the  com- 
missioners are  how  engaged  in  running  the  Indian 
boimdary  line,  and  was  informed  by  col.  Hawkins, 
(\vho  had  so  far  recovered  his  health  as  to  attend 
witli  tlie  other  commissioners)  that  they  wotild 
finish  in  about  six  weeks.  Our  informant  furthei^ 
states,  vhat  the  LicUans  had  disappeared,  and  it  was 
not  known  wjiere  they  had  gone — that  the  commis- 
sioners appreliendfcd  no  danger  of  an  ■'ttack.  We 
fondly  hope  that  tiiey  may  not,  but  we  have  our 
fears. 

We  miderstand  tliat  the  commissioners  progress 
rapidly  in  riuming  the  line;  it  was  expected  that 
they  would  reach  the  Chatalioochie  river,  by  Sunday 
night  last 

We  understand  that  orders  have  not  yet  been 


1  almost  doubt  whether  I  should  ever  have  effected  issued  for  detaching  the  militia  to  Fort  Hawkins 


the  object. 

What  is  perhaps  remarkable,  is  the  fact,  that 
f  although  liquor  was  handed  round  in  great  abun- 
dance) there  were  but  two  persons,  during  the 
whole  time,  that  were  the  least  intoxicated.  And 
what  is  still  more  remarkable,  tliere  was  but  one 
man  that  was  injured;  that  was  Aitgu&tus  Stough- 
ton.  He  fell  fifty -torn- feet,  hit  on  the  braces  twice, 
til  en  into  the  water.  He  in  a  few  days  v.'as  again 
at  work;  and  no  other  person  hurt. 

On  the  whole,  we  were  from  the  1st  of  October 
till  the  1st  of  Februaiy,  in  doing  what  might  h.ive 
keen  done  in  four  weeks  of  steady  weather,  widiout 
floods. 

It  is  a  long  arch,  and  you  have  a  long  letter;  }et 
it  does  not  explain  to  you  one-half  tlie  diiiiculties  y,c 
had  to  encounter,  in  getting  it  to  its  destined 
jolace. 

1  am,  sir,  respectfully,  vours. 

'  THEODORE  BURR. 

,^tr.  Reuben  Fields. 


CHKOiMCLE 

0LOIIIOVS  NEW.?. — Kingston  Jam.  Oct.  3 — Ac- 
counts have  reached  tliis  city,  via  Santo  Domingo, 
»f  tlie  arrival   there  of  an  American    schooner,  in 


Ikteu:s^al  impuovkments.  The  exigencies  of  the 
nation,  during  the  late  war,  has  raised  up  an  aston- 
ishing zciil  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  to  se- 
cure all  those  advantages  of  roads,  bridges  and  ca- 
nals, Sec.  which  our  country  so  happily  presents  ti  usj' 

GeiL.  JacLson,  on  his  journey  from  Tennessee  t<» 
the  seat  of  government,  has  every  where  received 
the  most  polite  attentions  from  the  people.  The 
general  appears  to  have  won  tlie  lienrts  of  all  he  as- 
sociated svith,  by  his  frank  and  graceful  mannersi 
In  he  field,  at  tlie  table,  or  in  tlie  ball-room,  he 
seems  quite  at  home. 

Fr.'nrh  con»uh. — Mr.  D'Ambreucq,  as  consul  ge- 
neral, to  reside  at  Pliiladelphia,  and  Messrs.  Ca- 
/leaux,  (»uillemin,  and  Couteaux,  as  consuls,at  New 
York,  Savannah  and  Norfolk,  have  been  i-ecognized 
by  tiie  president  of  the  United  States. 

CoTTox.  Ertract  of  a  letter  to  the  editor  from  & 
friend  in  the  JMistis-tilipi  territory — "Our  crops  of  cot- 
ton are  more  than  half  rotten — and,  strange  to  tell, 
although  this  thing  has  been  creeping  on  us  for 
three  years,  our  planters,  merchants,  philosophei-s 
and  all,  are  unable  to  assign  the  cause  " 

Success  to  agricidture.  There  are  no  people  in 
the  world  who  earn  money,  lionestly,  so  rapidly  as 
our  cotton,  tobacco  and  sugar  planters.  Cotton, 
Sea-Island,  48  to  50,  and  short  staple  from  25  to  27 


nine  days   from  Carthagena,    the  master   of  which 

stated,  "general  Alorillo  had  been  repulsed  in  an  at-  j  cents /)fr  lb. — first  quality  tobacco  has  sold  as  high 

tack  made  upon  Boca  Chica,  with  the  loss  of  1300  25$— sugar  18  to  20^  per  cwt.  at  the  places  where 


killed  and  oUO  prisoners.  A  number  of  the  royal- 
ists had  in  consequence  jointd  the  Cai'thageniim 
armv. 


they  are  produced  Rut  these  prices  can  hardly  be 
maintained.  They  have  given  money  a  southerH 
and  south-western  directiou. 


NILES  WEEKLY    REGIStEIl-CHR(3NlCLfi. 


2GS 


Jit^odnfiom  -Mth  Algiers,  Tunis  and  T)ipoU.' 
U  there  is  any  American  that  lias  llie  least  spnrk 
©f  patriotism  witliin  him — any  principle  in  his  bo- 
som that  tells  him  he  has  a  country — who  ca.n  read 
thedespatclies  from  Decatur  and  Bninbridgx'  insert- 
ed below,  and  not  feel  his  heart  glow  witli  aulionest 
pride,  lie  must  be  made  of  curious  "stufi""  indeed! 
AVhat  Europe,  armed  cap-a-pie,  has  attempted  for 
centuries;  what  fell  jealousy  and  commercial  base- 
ness lius  prevented  the  accomplishment  of  by  vast 
fleets  and  numerous  armies,  has  been  efiected  by  a 
small  American  force,  with  a  celerity  and  prompti- 
tude that  cannot  f  dl  to  make  a  lasting  impression  on 
the  fears  of  the  barbarians.  Algiers,  the  haughty 
and  the  proud,  with  Tunis  and  Tripoli,  have  done 
more  Mian  excuse  lis  from  tlie  odious  tribute  v.hich 
tliey  have  for  ages  exacted  of  chrisLendom — they 
have  made  reparation  for  wrongs  committed,  or  suf- 
fered, as  well  as  given  us  ths  best  guarantee  they 
couid  of  good  behavior  in  future  "Whatever  we  re- 
cjLiired  has  been  done — but  we  asked  and  obtained 
nothing  but  justice,  and  that  ourgsUant  tars  xvould 
have.  It  is  tiuis  that,  a  few  years  lience — the  man 
is  living  who  will  see  it — this  repuljlic  wWXnegcciatc 
with  all  nations  for  her  rights,  and  pay  her  tribute, 
for  the  enjoyment  of  natiu'al  privileges,  wjiether  it 
is  to  be  levied  in  the  shape  of  duties  by  a  Britishov- 
der  in  council,  or  is  demanded  in  an  annual  stipend 
by  an  Aigerine  divan;  when,  from  the  cannon's 
mouth  of  our  Independence's,  '\VasiiingLon's,  Frank- 
lin's andWiirren's,  Hancock's  and  AdG.rns',  .\[outgom- 
ery's  andWooster's, Pike's  andI.awTence'3,and  oiongh 
other  siiips  of  the  line,  America  sliall  seek  peace  in 
the  jinnishment  of  those  who  violate  it.  Justice, 
simple  justice,  I  trust,  will  always  g-uide  the  coun- 
cils of  my  coimtry;  and  this,  in  due  time,  I  doubt 
not,  she  will  have  the  power  to  commaiLd. 

Tunis  .a?id  Tripoli  have  difficult  ati'airs  to  settle 
with  other  pirates — let  them  manage  it  as  they  can 
or  may.    It  is  not  our  concern. 

The  following  unofficial  particulai's  ai-e  interest- 
ing: 

We  are  charmed  (says  the  ColumbianJ  with  the 
verbal  particidars  we  have  received  of  Decatur's 
negocialion  and  cruise. — \Vhen  tiie  ofilcers  from  our 
sloop.,  of  War  boarded  the  Alg-erine  frigate,  they 
afiected  to  wonder  tliat  Algerines,  after  hoisting 
tile  i)ioody  flag,  should  strike  to  Americans;  it  is  no 
disgrace,  replied  the  corsair,  to  strike  oiu-  colours, 
since  we  see  two  British  vessels  captured  by  you, 
comjiosing  part  of  yotir  squadron.  [These  were  the 
Macedonian  and  Epervier.] 

.  Commodore  Decatur  refused  to  have  the  treaty 
concluded  on  shore,  as  invited  by  tlie  dey  of  Algiers, 
■ — or  on  any  other  spot  than  the  quarter-dcck  of  the 
Guerricre — t/iei-e  tlie  Algerines  agreed  to  pay  clown 
for  spoliation. — there  they  gave  v,p  tlie  American 
prisoners, — and  tltereihey  agreed  to  the  recognition 
ot  tiie  civilized  usage  of  exchanging  prinotwrs  m.  any 
future  war  with  us. 

Hxtract  r/f  a  htter from  an  officer  of  the  U.  S.  navy, 
dated  "The  iiuyofj^'aples,  Sept.  10,  1815. 
..  "Tills  being  the  first  opportunity  since  we  left 
Algiers,  I  use  it.  We  left  Algiers  the  Sth  July,  ar.d 
on  the  IJth  arrived  at  Ca''-Uari,  for  water  and  re- 
rreshments  ;  on  the  25th  sailed  for  Tunis,  and  on 
the  following  day  anchored  in  the  bay,  in  a  tine  po- 
sition. The  commodore  immediately  made  his  c©m- 
plirnents  to  the  bey,  signifying  to  him  that,  as  he 
had  permitted  tivo  biigs,  prizes  to  the  United  States' 
fl;|g,  to  be  taken  from  under  his  balteiies  by  an 
English  ship  of  war,  contrary  to  the  usages  of  war 
and  civilized  nations,  lie  having  power  to  resist  this 
violation  of  his  port ;  the  purpjac  of  'k\^  vi»it  vv'as  to 


demand  indemnity  for  this  breach  of  good  faith,  ana 
he  Vv'ould  expect  the  indemnity  to  be  sent  on  board 
by  a  given  hour  on  the  day  named  :  the  commodore' 
sent  an  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  prizes,  and  al- 
though there  appears  to  have  been  great  consterna- 
tion, the  demand  was  promjitly  complied  witli,  and 
the  indemnity  sent  on  board  ;  having  accomplished 
this  service  by  the  2d  August,  we  sailed,  for,  and  on 
the  5th  ancliored  before  Tripoli,  where  we  had  a 
similar  ceremony  to  perform,  and  wliicli  was  coiv- 
ducted  in  the  same  smooth,  ccol,  decided  way,  with- 
out any  palavar,  which  would  leave  room  to  doubt 
that  we  should  do  as  we  said. 

The  bey  of  Tripoli  appears  not  to  have  had  so 
much  of  the  readi/  at  command,  but  showed  equal 
readiness  with  his  neighbor  to  comply  with  his  de- 
mand; falling  sliort  of  the  indemnity  required,  he 
signified  that  there  vv«s  a  Danish  family  in  his  pos- 
session, consisting  of  nine  persons,  and  two  othei' 
Europeans,  whom  he  was  willing  to  deliver  up  to 
make  good  the  indemnity  demanded;  the  commo- 
dore did  not  hesitate  a  moment,  and  we  had  the  sa-' 
tisfaction  to  see  them  soon  after  arrive  on  board 
our  squadron.  I  need  not  say  how  gratifj  ing  this 
cruise  must  be  to  every  Americ;in  soul,  hoAV  de- 
lightful it  was  to  see  the  stars  and  stripes  holding 
forth  tlie  hand  of  retributiv-e  justice  to  tlie  barba- 
rians, and  rescuing  the  unfortunate,  even  of  distant 
but  friendly  European  nations,  from  slavery. 

"There  is  a  report  here  that  some  Dutch  ships  or 
v.'ar  have  had  a  rencontre  with  an  Aigerine  squadron- 
which  terminated  without  any  thing  decisive  on 
either  side  ;  but  it  is  very  doubtful.  There  is  also 
a  report  of  the  cnpttire  of  several  Swedish  vessels 
bj'  the  Tripolltians  and  Algerines.  I  guess  we  are 
clear  of  them  for  some  years  at  least  ;  they  see  we 
are  not  only  v.-illing  but  able  and  determined  to  put 
them  on  their  good  beiiavior  all  along  shore.  If 
other  n.itions  do  not  do  so,  they  ought  to  suflTer.- 
I  hope  our  government  will  Jiot  think  we  ought  t© 
go  to  sleep,  because  our  character  /?  irp. " 

0^==The  Guerriere,  com.  Decatur,  and  the  Enter- 
prize  liave  arrived  at  New-Yo^-k.  Other  vessels  of 
his  squadron  have  aiTived  at  Newport.  The  whole 
of  our  force,  late  in  the  Mediterranean,  may  be  hour- 
ly expected  at  various  ports,  excejit  the  unfortimate 
Epervier  (of  which  we  have  no  tidings)  and  the 
frigates  United  States  and  Constellation,  .ind  sloops 
of  war  Ontario  and  Erie,  which  remain  for  the  pre- 
sent to  observe  tliat  the  trc;ity  stiptdations  with 
the  Barbary  po  vers  be  rigidly  adhered  to. 

A  fleet  cf  eleven  sail  of  vessels  of  war  was  see» 

60  miles  oiT  our  coast  on  Sunday  last.     Jiainbridge's 

squadron  has,  therefore,  probably,  all  arrived. 

Copy  of  ale  iter  from  comnu/dore  JJecctur  to  the  secr^ 

tary  of  the  navy,  dated  U.  S.  ship  C^ierriere,  bay  of 

Tunis,  Juhj3i,  1815. 

Sir — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  upon  my 
arrival  at  tliis  anchorage,  I  vas  made  acquainted 
with  the  following  transi'.ctions,  which  h.A  taken 
place  here  during  our  late  war  with  Great  Britain. 

Two  prizes,  which  had  been  taken  by  the  Abael- 
lino  privateer,  and  sent  into  this  port,  were  taken 
possession  of  by  a  Briti.sh  vessel  of  wa:*,  while  lyinj^ 
within  the  protection  of  the  Bey  of  Ttinii.  The  con- 
sul having  communicated  to  me  information  of  this 
violation  of  our  treaty  witli  Tunis,  1  demanded  sa- 
tisfaction of  the  Sey.  After  some  hesitation  and 
proposing  a  delay  of  paym.ent  for  one  year,  my  de* 
mand  was  acceded  to,  and  tiie  money,  amounting  t« 
forty-six  thousand  dollar.s,  v.a.s  ])u\d  into  the  hand^ 
of  the  consul,  Mr.  No.-.h,  agent  fir  tlie  privateer. 

I  shall  proceed  immediately  for  Tripoli,  and  ill 
j^iv;i  you  early  information  ef  the  fnrth^  proceestj. 


ig()4    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOTEMBER  18,  1815. 


ings  of  this  squadron.  The  Bey  of  Timis  has  now 
lying-in  this  harbor,  nearly  ready  for  sea,  three  fri- 
gates and  sever ,il  small  vessels  of  war. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  respect,  sii-, 
your  obedient  servant, 

STEPTIEV  DECATUR. 
Hon.  B.  W.  Cf owniiisliieW,  secretary  of  tlie  navy. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  commodore  Dscatnr  to  the  se- 
cretary of  the  n'mni,  dated  U.  S.  ski])  Giierriere, 
Messina,  Aus/'ust  3ist,  1315.  . 

"I  have  tlie  honor  lo  infonnyoUj  that  immediately 
after  the  date  of  my  last  commanic;ttion,  I  proceed- 
ed to  Tripoli.  Upon  my  arrival  oil'thati)iace,  I  re- 
ceived from  our  consul  a  letter  ;  in  consequence  of 
the  information  contained  in  tliis  letter,  T  deemed  it 
necessaa-v  to  demand  justice  from  tlie  basliaw.  On 
tlie  next  "day  the  governor  of  tlie  city  of  Tripoli  came 
on  board  the  Guerriere,  to  treat  in  behalf  of  the 
bashaw.  He  objedted  to  t!ie  amount  claimed  by  us, 
but  finally  agreed  to  our  demands.  The  monej-, 
amounting  to  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars, has  been  paid  into  the  hand's  of  the  consul,  who 
is  agent  for  the  pi-ivateer. 

The  bashaw  also  delivered  up  to  me  ten  captives, 
two  of  them  Danes,  and  the  otliers  Neapolitans. 

Daring  tlie  progress  of  our  negociations  with  the 
states  of  liarbary,  now  brought  to  a  conclusion, 
there  has  appeared  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  each 
of  them,  to  grant  as  far  as  we\vere  disposed  to  de- 
mand. 

I  trust  that  the  successful  result  of  our  small  ex- 
pedition, so  honorable  to  our  country,  will  induce 
other  nations  to  follow  the  example  ;  in  which  case 
the  Barbary  states  will  be  compelled  to  abandon 
their  piratical  system. 

I  shall  now  proceed  with  the  squadron  to  Cartha- 
gena,  at  which  place  I  hope  to  find  the  relief  squad- 
ron from  America." 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  commodore  Bainbridge  to  the 
secretary  of  the  navy,  dated    U.    S.  ship  Indepen- 
dence, off  tJie  Bay  of  Tunis,  September  6th,  1815. 
"I  had   the  honor  of  making  communicatioris  to 
you  from  Carthagcna  on  the  10th  ultimo,  from  which 
^lace  I  sailed   with  the  Independence,  Congress, 
Erie,  Chippewa   and    Spark,  destined  for  Tripoli, 
having  learned  that  a  misunderstanding  existed  be- 
t-ween the  bashaw  of  that  place  and  our  consul  re- 
siding there.  On  my  way  I  called  at  Algiers,  to  e.xlii- 
bit  tills  additional  force  off  there,  presuming  it  would 
have    some  weight  in   preserving  tl\e  pc.icc  vvliich 
had  just  been  niadc;  for,  the  only  mode  of  convinc- 
■yig  tliese  people  is  by  occular  demonstration. 

On  my  ai-rival  off  Tripoli  I  learned  that  commo- 
tlore  Decatur  had  been  there  with  the  first  squad- 
mn  and  had  adjusted  our  differences  which  existed 
at  that  place.  Our  consul  at  Tripoli  informed  me 
■that  the  exhibiting  of  our  naval  force  before  Tri- 
poli, had  produced  a  most  favorable  change  in  tlie 
disposition  of  the  bashaw  fof  preserving  the  peace 
lUth  us. 

At  Tripoli,  learning  that  the  bey  of  Tvmis  was 
Kcstless  towards  the  United  States,  I  immediately 
proceeded  with  the  vessels  with  me  for  that  place. 

On  my  arrival  at  Tunis,  I  leai'iied  by  a  letter  from 
«ur  consul  tliere,  that  the  bey  and  his  otHcers  were 
friendly  disposed  towards  us. 

1  Having,  agreeably  to  j'our  instructions,  exhibit- 
ed the  force  under  my  command  to  all  the  l?arbary 
powers  (and  which,  I  believe,  will  have  a  tendency 
to  prolong  our  treaties  with  them)  I  have  only  now, 
in  further  obedience  to  those  instructions,  to  retiyn 
\\'lth  the  squadroB  to  the-  United  States, 


Extract  of  a  tetter  fram  the  same  to  the  snme^  dated  XT. 

S.   ship    Independencey  JVIula^a   lioads,  September 

14Vi.  1815. 

"I  arrived  here  yesterday,  under  the  expectatioii 
of  meeting  here  the  first  squadron,  but,  to  my  re^ 
gret,  commodore  Decatiu-  has  not  yet  come  down 
She  Aledlterranean,  and  where  the  squadron  witli 
bim  is,  I  know  not;  for  the  last  I  lei4.rued  of  them 
was  off  Tripoli,  which  place  they  left  on  the  9tli 
ultimo. 

As  the  squadron  has  to  retiu-n  this  autumn,  iji 
pursuance  of  your  orders,  it  is  very  desirable  that 
it  shoidd  leave  this  sea  as  soon  as  possible,  to  avoid 
the  inclemency  of  the  winter  on  our  coast,  particu- 
larly on  account  of  the  smaller  vessels.  The  Inde- 
pendence, Congress,  Boxer,  Saranac,  Chippewa  and 
Sparlc  are  here;  the  ErieTl  expect  every  hour  from 
-Malta,  where  I  had  sent  her;  the  Torch  and  Lyn.v 
are  at  Carthagcna.  All  these  vessels  will  be  pre- 
pai-ed  immediatci)^  to  return;  out  they  caimot  salL 
till  tlie  otlicr  squadron  has  joined  us." 

Euvy,  Hatred  and  FoUy. — The  opinions  of  the 
Montre  il  Herald  of  Sep.  30,  on  the  operations  of 
the  American  squadron  in  the  Mediterranean,  are 
abs-urd,  ludicrous,  invidious,  and  rancorous.  We 
copy  ihem  for  the  amusement  of  our  readers. —  Co- 
lumbian. 

"  The  treaty  of  peace  said  to  have  been  made- 
between  Algiers  and  the  U.  States,  has  not  been 
oihcially  made  known  in  America,  but  both  in  Eng- 
land iuid  France  it  has  been  spoken  of  by  the  last 
advices.  If  it  be  correct,  mutual  restitution  of  per- 
sons and  effects  have  been  made  by  both  parties, 
lii  jilaiu  English,  Algiers  has  nut  been  at  all  humbled- 
by  the  republicans,-  and  if  we  could  hear  the  two  sides 
of  the  nature  of  the  dispute,  we  might  find  that  the 
Algerines  have  made  a  peace  more  honorable  than 
degrading  to  themselves.  A3  com.  Decatur  must 
h:i.ve  known  the  Dutch  were  .also  at  war  with  Al- 
giers, and  having  had  the  credit  of  capturing  a 
kind  of  "hidk  of  a  frigate"  from  the  enemy;  and 
probably  finding  the  restof  their  vessels  out  of  reach, 
he  wisely  patched  up  a  peace  to  preclude  the  pos- 
sibility of  being  eclipsed  by  the  superior  talents  of 
Mynheer,  who  will  meet  no  enemy  to  fight.  Peace 
will  be  made  witlitlie  Ductli  also;  but  Decatur  will 
crow  about  being-  before-hand,  without  cause  of 
boasting  of  the   terms," 

Fluur. — American  flour  was  .-elllng  at  St.  Bartho- 
lomews three  or  four*  weeks  since,  at  from  3  to  !§6 
per  bbl. 

Great  Crop — Evan  Evans,  esq.  of  Washington. 
City,  informs  the  editor  of  the  KrcisTEn,  that  last 
season  he  raised  on  a  lot  containing  1  acre  76  perch- 
es, (being  part  of  sq\iure  no.  61  in  tiiat  city)  eighty 
two  bushels  first  quality  barley.  The  ground  and 
the  grain  were  exactly  and  carefully  measured. 

The  Independence  74,  is  thought  to  be  the  fastest' 
sailer,  on  every  wind,  in  our  navy.  This  is  really 
good  news;  to  unite  celerity  with  force  is  indeed  a 
grantl  desideratum  in  naval  affairs  especially,  and 
will  afford  something  more  for  the  information  >  of 
the  British,  who  thought  tliey  knew  every  thing', 
and  were  superior  in  every  thing,  belonging  to 
shipping.  She  also  appears  so  light  and  airy  on  the 
water,  tliatthe  captain  of  a  British  frigate,  who  was 
for  a  considitrable  time  in  company  with  her,  sup- 
posed she  was  only  a  large-  frigate. 

S/dpwrecks.  Our  papers  are  filled  with  accounts 
of  shipwrecks.  Never,  perhaps,  has  there  been  so' 
great  losses  on  the  ocean,  for  the  same  length  oi' 
Itijne,  as  for  the  three  or  four  months  last  past^ 


vn^n«B«MI4iA«KlHc^fJi3Cjbcftd^' 


NILES'   WEEKLY  flEGlSTEH 


No.  13  OP  Vot.  IX.]        BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1315.         [whole  xo.  221. 


Hctc  oUm  meminisst  juvahit. — VinniL. 


PRfNTET)  AND  PUBLISHED   BY    H.  NILES,  NO.   29,   SOUTH  C ALVEUT-STnF.KT,   AT   §5  PKR  ANNUM. 


f^k  supplement  to  the  present  number  will  Is- 
sue with  our  next,  and  so  afford  room  for  the  con- 
clusion of  the  editor's  letter  to  Mr.  C'o66e«,  vviiicli 
has  extended  to  a  g'reater  lensrth  than  w,is  expect- 
ed. The  "act  of  the  cong-ress  of  Vienna,"  com- 
menced in  this  paper,  will  be  concluded  in  regidar 
succession,  as  we  usually  manag-e  long  ai'ticles. 


Handsome  compliment. 

It  would  be  extreme  affectation  in  the  editor  to 
assert,  tliat  he  feels  no  pleasure  it»  tlie  many  hand- 
some thin  g-s  M'hich  distinguished  gentlemen  are  po- 
lite enough  to  say  of  his  work.  Tlie  continued 
support  it  receives,  affords  a  good  asstirance  that 
the  Weekly  Register  has,  in  a  considerable  de- 
gree, met  the  expectations  of  its  original  friends 
and  patrons.  Though  the  subscription  list  is  not 
quite  so  large  as  it  was  diu-ing  one  period  of  the 
war,  it  is  more  valuable,  because  more  select,  and 
13  daily  receiving  additional  names  of  the  highest 
vespectability.  The  industry  and  care  that  created 
this  establislimcnt,  will,  witli  the  blessing  of  Pro- 
vidence, still  sustain  it. 

Among  the  many  compliments  received,  the  fol- 
lowing has  peculiar  force  and  beauty;  and  may, 
perhaps,  be  inserted  without  exciting  an  impres- 
sion in  the  mind  of  any  derogatory  to  the  feeUngs 
©r  motives  of  the  editor.  It  is  extracted  from  a 
letter  lately  received  from  a  gentleman  who  lias 
filled  one  of  the  high  offices  of  the  republic  with 
honor  to  himself  and  utility  to  his  country: 

"Your  work  is  of  sterling  worth.  It  rises  in  me- 
rit as  it  progresses.  Like  sound  Madeira,  it  im- 
proves by  age.  iNIay  3'uiu'  success  be  equal  to  your 
utmost  wislies." 

*^*The  editor  is  prepared  to  furnish  complete 
files  of  the  Weekly  R*sisieh,  bound  or  in  sheets, 
to  tliose  wlio  wish  them.  Orders,  accompanied  by 
the  casii  as  required  below,  will  be  promptly  at- 
tended to.  Application  must  be  made  to  the  edi<- 
tor  or  his  immediate  agents,  for  the  work  is  not  in 
the  iiiarket,  nor  is  it  likely  to  be.  Its  number  is 
counted,  and  those  now  in  hand  are  all  that  ever 
Will  be  offered  to  the  public,  The  stock  is  daily 
diminishing;  and  she  only  reason  that  exists  for  in- 
'■viling  gentlemen,  ^t  present,  to  puixhase  wliat  they 
may  hereafter  desire  and  not  be  able  to  obtain,  is 
simply  this — tliat  the  capital  invested  in  them  is 
heavier  than  is  convenient — and,  that  the  monev, 
for  n  part  of  them,  could  be  advantageously  used 
to  give  ease  to  the  editor  and  his  bushiess;  for  he 
has  no  apprehension  that  they  will  long  remain  on 
his  li:mds,  and  cerUunUj  believes  that  twice  the 
number  he  has  will  be  demanded  in  a  very  few 
years.  Tli«  Re;;isteii  is  a  work  siii  generis  as  to 
the  past,  and  cannot  be  suijplanted  or  supplied. — 
■Gentlemen,  also,  m.iy  find  it  more  expedient  to 
take  the  iilcs  now,  tli;m  suH'er  them  to  grow  up  to 
a  value  tltat  may  seriously  ciieck  the  desire  to  have 
them. 

The  conditions  of  the  sale  of  complete  files  arc 
absolutely  these: 
VOL.  IXv 


Foi'the  4  years  fi'om  September  1811  to 
Se]jtemuer  1815,  .... 

Current  year  in  advance  tO  Sept.  1816 

Extra  Supplements  of  12  sheets  each  tb 
vols.  5,  7  and  8  . 

And  if  desired  bound,  87|  cents  per  Vol. 
for  binding,  or  for*  the  8  vols,  that 
were  finislied  in  A.ugust  last. 


^20 
5 


535 


Treasury  notes,  or  bills  of  most  of  the  incorpoj 
rated  banks  of  the  United  States,  and  of  many  of 
those  unincorpcTrated,  taken  in  paymerit. 

1  he  files  will  \ie  sent  to  any  part  of  the  union 
as  directed,  at  the  cost  of  the  subscriber.  If  in 
sheets,  they  may  be  sent  by  m.ail,  at  the  commoii 
rate  for  newspapers;  but  if  bound  tj.cy  must  be  for^ 
warded  in  some  other  way.  And  for  tlte  future, 
will  be  delivered  in  volumes  or  weekly  niunbers,  ;i3 
preferred. 

ASEKt    AT    RIcnStONni 

John  Maddox  is  tl>e  editor's  agent  at  ftichmrndj 
Va.  and  orders  through  him  will  be  duly  attended 
to;  as  well  as  tlie  orders  of  his  numerous  agents  in 
many  parts  of  the  United  States. 

Legislature  of  New  Jersey. 

TuEvTON,  N'(ven)bcr  6,  1815. 

On  Monday  last  Mahlon  JJickersoti,  esq,  took  th?! 
oaths  of  office  as  governor  of  the  state  of  New  Jer- 
sey; on  which  occasion  he  delivered  the  followinj^ 

aT)1)Recs  : 
Gentlemen  of  the  Leginhitive  CourirU, 

In  taking  upon  me  the  administration  of  the  go^ 
veiTiment  of  the  state,  in  obedience  to  the  will  of 
the  Legislature,  I  liave  assumrtl  a  task  attended' 
with  many  difficulties,  and  with  a  responsibility 
wliich  fills  my  mind  with  appi-eliensions  that  my 
be.^t  efforts  will  fail  to  give  satisf.c'ion  to  tl-.ose 
who  have  l;onorcd  me  with  this  disti'  guislied  marK 
of  their  confidence. 

It  cannot  be  presumed  that  it  will  be  in  itiy  powj 
er,  to  perfi'/rni  tlie  various  and  complicated  dutie.s 
attached  to  my  oflice,  without  faliinf^--  into  many 
errors.  Those  errors,  liowever,  I  ti'ust  will  not  be  aU 
tributed  to  any  culpalde  neglect  on  my  part,  nor  t.> 
any  want  of  devotion  to  the  interests  of  our  country 

It  is  a  matter  of  great  consolation  to  me,  that  in 
many  of  ray  most  important  duties,  I  have  constitu- 
tional advisers,  whosa  kaowledge,  judg-ment  and 
experience  justly  entitle  them  to  the  ccttfidcnce  of 
the  public;  and  v,ho,  from  duty  as  well  as  iuc!i:iatiori. 
will  clieerfiilly  give  their  aid  in  all  measures  calcu- 
lated to  pi'omote  the  peace  and  pi-osperity,  and  to 
maintain  the  lawful  rlglu.'^of  the  st.ate. 

The  manner  of  my  appointment  w  hilc  it  gratificie 
my  feer)ng»,  and  demands  my  wannest  acl;novviedg- 
ments,  affords  me  a  pledge  th.at  1  shall  experience 
the  indulgence,  and  the  cordial  and  generous  sup;' 
port,  of  both  houses  of  the  Legislature. 

And  the  liber.allty  already  displayed,  justifies  tho, 
hope,  that  harmony  will  prevail  in  our  councils,  and 
that  the  public  business  will  receive  no  detriment, 
from  the  jarring  of  l^i-.il  interns**?,  or  the  coliH^t 
of  part'-, 

a 


20Q    NILES  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  \SW. 


New- York  Statistics. 

FU05I  THE  AlBAKT  AUKUS. 

Sfuteir.er.t  nf  the  vr.'iiatiotis  nf  landi,  lots,  ivith  tlmr 
iuijuuvoinevtn,  (hffJUng  houses  and  slaves,  wit'hinlhe 
several  comities  of  t/te  state  of  Aew-Vork,  asreviscd 
and  settled  bii  the  board  of  principal  assessors,  and 
the  amount  of  the  cpiuta  of  each. 


COUNTIES. 

VALrATIOWS 

AMOUNT  OF  aUOTA 

duilars. 

tiUlls.          CIS. 

Sufiblk, 

5,79S,537 

18,265  46 

Q'lccns, 

5,937,1.30 

18,859  46 

King's, 

4,823,550 

15,194  18 

New-York  city  and 

coisnly, 

56,320,852 

-    177,410  68 

AVc-slchestei', 

10,030,623 

31,596  46 

DiUcliess, 

15,884,913 

5U,G37  48 

I'ulniiii), 

l,'^03.oSl 

5.366  38 

Oran;j,e, 

7',i2D,r82 

22,049  36 

ilcclii-jLud, 

1,966,748 

6,195  26 

Ul.stcr, 

4,7J<J,SG'J 

14.993  40 

Suiiivan, 

1,710,405 

5,412  98 

Schol.arle, 

3,6.i8,131 

11,523  11 

CDiun.Ma, 

9,927,107 

31,2r0  39 

Ren.sseiaer, 

9,330,556 

29.391  25 

V/rtsl.ington, 

8,6  id.uey 

27,241  48 

Saridcfj:;, 

G,8*/,678 

21,863  14 

Fr:i;ik-li-.i, 

61' 2,785 

2,179  12 

Ciiiiton, 

l,5r:),4.!0 

4,?  26     4 

jfi;>sex, 

1,077,550 

3,394  23 

Albany, 

13,599,645 

42,2uS  88 

Sclienecljidr,  ^ 

1,953,679 

6,169  84 

Tilontgomci-y, 

e,55U,18r 

30,083     9 

Ik'ikir.iej-, 

3,857,267 

12,150  39 

Ohtida, 

9,738,526 

3y,676  35 

Lcwii-.,- 

1,658,581 

5,224  55 

Jeitui'son, 

3,384,580 

19,661  43 

St.  Lawrence, 

3,cli,811 

9,487  20 

Ot::.CKO, 

6.253,537 

19,698  64 

ClietiaiiTo, 

3,830,976 

12,067  57 

Z»!adiso;i, 

3,831,950 

12,070  64 

Rteviben, 

1,913,950 

6,029 

Tio.^a, 

2,102,046 

6.621  44 

IJiooiDe, 

2,217,304 

6,984  50 

Oiioiulu^a- 

4,li;4,408 

12,928  89 

Cortla.riLl, 

1,690,969' 

5,326  55 

tiayug-a, 

5,495,384 

17,312     3 

Seneca, 

3,641,135 

11,469  58 

Ontario, 

11,267,143 

35,491  50 

Ail et^ any  and 

Cattaraugus, 

1,528,017 

4,813  25 

Cl)at;iUi[ue, 

1,698,253 

5.349  50 

Kjagyra, 

5,872,956 

12,199  71 

Genesee, 

6,647,651 

20,940  10 

Ricimjond, 

853,783 

2,689  42 

Greene, 

4,054,817 

12,772  77 

Delii\vui-e, 

3,642,468 

11,473  77 

Total,  £273,120,900 

The  number  of  dwell  Lug--)  ion  ecs,  by  tlie  returns 
of  tlic  assessors,  subject  to  taxation,  is  127,400,  ex- 
empt from  taxation,  518 — averaginfj  about  nine  inha- 
l>ltanis  to  each  dweliing'-house. 

Tiiis  state's  quoia  of  the  United  States'  iljrect 
tax,  Viz.  go60,283 — would  operate  as  a  tax  upon  the 
above  as^^essmcnt  at  the  rate  of  31  cents  aud  live 
mills  upon  every  hundred  doUais. 


The  Kepublic's  Gloiy. 

To  sny  that  we  are  proud  of  the  result  of  the  expe- 
dition ag-ainsL  the  Bai'bary  powers,  but  coldly  ex- 
presses wiiat  wc  feel  on  the  subject.  Xever  was 
uiiy  thin^  sa  decisive  und  complete— ail  done,  as 


it  were,  by  the  mere  ten-or  of  our  "fir  built  fri. 
gates,  with  a  bit  en'  stripe/i  bunlini^  at  the  mast- 
head."    "Who    expected   that  /m./Zcc  vvouid  hrvve 
been  eot  so  easily  ?   "Whose  heart  doe.^  not  beat 
with  pleasure  thu'tltwas  obtair.ed  so  fully  and  so 
promptly  ?  Tiie  humiliation  of  the  powers  of  Bar- 
bary  has'  done  even  more  to  ex;-.it  us  in  the  esti- 
mation of  the  world,  than  oi:r  vic^•■^•ies  overtheir 
"great  and  good  ally,"  and  r..i:,ed  tip  for  us  a  cha- 
racter tiiat,  uo  doubt,  will  be  ciierishcd  as  a  part 
of  the  national  strengUi. 
To  convey  to  our  readers,  and  preserve  for  future 
use,  whatever  appertains  to  vlie  superlative  nego- 
ciuiion,  we  have  collected,  from  various  sources, 
thefollowimr  letters,  statements,  ftc. 
Frovi  a  J'A'wport,  f  7i.  I.J  paper.— W'c  learn,  from 
the  officers  of  the.  Flambea-s,  [cue  of  the  squad- 
ron arrived  at  that  port,]  that  the  treaty  conclude 
I'A  by  commodore   Decatur  witJi   the   dey  of  Jil- 
g-iers',   were    svich    as   com.   D.   thougiit  proper  to 
dictate. — The  follov.ing,  we  leam,  are  some  of  the 
c. .  incipal  articles  of  tlie  treaty :     The  dey  agrees  to 
'rreiorc:  the  American  priocners  in  his  possession, 
u-ithout  riinsom— to  paii  10,000  dollars  for  the  brig 
Edwin  and  ca-g;.,  of  Salem.,  cnptr.in  Smitli,  which 
he  had  capturod  three  years  since— to  restore  a  car- 
g-o  of  cotton  which  lie  had  conuscaied,  bclongirig  to 
the  Hon.  Wm.  Gray,  of  Boston — to  alluvj  the  Amcri- 
•ans  to  send  into  their  ports,  and  dis]50se  of  them, 
any  prizes  wh.ich  they  sliould  capture  from  any  pow- 
er'whicii  tho  Uniteci  States   should,   in  future  be 
at  war  with;  and  they  fmther  c^rcr,  thai  in  case  an>/ 
power  should  be  .it  war  widi  the  United  Sti.tes,  that 
power  shall  only  have  liberty  to  send  in  their  prizes 
for  supplies,  and  to  remain  only  24  hours  to  procure 
tiieni,  and  not  upon  any  consideration  to  have  per- 
mission to  dispose  of  the  vessels  or  cargoes— the 
dey  further  ti^vves,  that  in  case  an  American  cilizeii 
should  be  taken  under  tiie  flag  of  <.'?/?/  oth.er  nation, 
with  whom  they  may  be  at  war,  he  sliall  he  imme- 
diately  uberated,  and  given   up   to   the  consul— in 
case  of  Hie  ship-wreck  of  an  American  vessel,  the 
capt:-in   shall   have    permission   to   land   his   cargo 
-Mtiiotit  pa}  iug  any  duties,   and  raay  remahi  th.ere 
until  he  has  an  opportunity  of  reshijjphig  it;   or  tlie 
cargo  may  be  di.-.posed  of,  upon  paying  the  cus- 
tomary duties.     A"o  presents  or  tribute,  are  in  future, 
to  be  paid  by  the  United  States  to  the  detj. 

Tlie  frigate  and  brig  captured  by  com.  Decatur, 
was  not  restored  by  virtue  of  any  article  of  the  trea- 
ty, but  given  up  by  com.  Decatur  as  a  present,  and 
at  tiie  earnest  entreaties  of  tlie  dey,  who  repi-esented 
the  danger  he  was  exposed  to  from  his  subjects,  ia 
consequence  of  his  hn.ving  signed  a  treaty  v.ith  such 
tkvovabie  terms  to  the  United  State.;,  particularly 
the  restoring  of  captain  Smith  and  crew,  without 
raiisom,  and  paving  §10,000  for  his  vessel  and  car- 
go, a  condition,' which  the  dey  said,  they  had  ueyer 
before  submitted  to,  in  the  case  of  any  Clu-istian 
nation  whatever.  The  brig  was,  however,  detained 
atCarthagena  bv  the  Spaniards,  on  the  ground  that 
she  was  cupttire'd  within  thcu-  territory,  they  being- 
then  at  war  with  xVlgitrs. 

The  treaty  with  Algiers  was  signed  on  the  Ath  of 
Juhi,  and  on  the  6th,  the  brig  Epervier,  captain 
Sliubrick  was  despatched  to  the  United  States  with 
a  copy  of  the  treaty;  her  not  having  yet  arrived, 
scai-cely  a  doubt  remains  but  that  she  must  have 
fovmdered  in  the  severe  gales  of  August  last. 

The  Aunerican  squadi-on  proceeded  from  Algiers 
to  Tunis,  com.  Decatur  havhig  learnt  that  the  bey 
had  permitted  an  English  frigate,  during  our  war 
with  Great  Britain,  to  come  m  and  take  from  the 
harbor  of  Tmiis,  two  priac*  which  had  been  sent. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-BAP.BAliY    I^OWEilS. 


£• 


jn  there  by  the  privateer  AbKlIino,  of  Boston.  Tlie 
coniinodore  dfinnndeJ,  t!iat  the  bey  should  pay 
^4,0,000  for  tJic  two  prizes  v/hich  liad  been  g-iven 
lip;  tiie  bcv,  after  deliberating'  a  short  time,  agreed 
to  pcni  tlie  money  to  the  American  consul,  as  a 
restitution  to  tlie  owuers  of  the  priv.itcer,  for  the 
t.vo  vessels. 

I-Vom  Tunis,  the  squadron  proceeded  to  Tripoli, 
where  com.  U.  learnt  that  a  prize  vessel  hnd  also 
been  permitted  to  be  taken  out  of  their  harbor  by  a 
British  sloop  of  war,  and  that  the  American  consul 
had  been  comnL-Ued  to  take  down  his  ilagi  On  the 
arrival  oftiie  squadron  oti'  the  town,  com.  Uocatur 
sent  in  and  clemanded,  that  the  bey  should  pay  the 
sum  of  §30,000  to  tiie  owndrs  of  the  private 'er,  for 
the  vessel  winch  had  been  g-iven  ii]}.  The  1  jv 
renssed,  and  assembled  aj^re.it  nimibci-  of  his  troops 
from  the  eountr}-  to  defend  the  batteries,  and  tlireat- 
ened  lo  declare  war  immcdi.itely  ae,-ain.st  the  United 
States;  hut  ''mding-  that  *iie  Am.erican  squadron 
were  prepared  to  c/m5-.'/?(;  him,  he  then  requested  -^u 
abatement  of  the  smn  demanded,  as  he  said,  he  had 
not  so  much  money,  and  upon  the  Amcricaii  consul's 
informing-  com:  Decatur  that  he  ?hould  be  satisfied 
\vith  ^125,000,  the  commodore  ag'reed  to  receive 
tliat  sum,  pravidsd  t/ie  ha>thaw  woittd  deliver  up  to  Mm 
ten  Ciinstiaii  slaves,  dmong-  whom  was  one  who  liad 
been  particularly  attentive  to  the  ofiicers  of  the 
I'hiladcipliia  frig-ate  wliile  in  Tripoli;  a^id  also,  that 
an  tiie  .]')}ericiin  comul  had  been  cawpeHed  to  take 
(i'nvn  his  fag,  he  should  now  reshoist  it  under  a  salute 
<^.f^l  ffunsfrom  the  Bashaiv''s  castle:  The  abuxv  terms 
\''yre  readilit  CGr.iplied wit'i  bij  the  Basha-.v. 

Commodore  Uecatnr  having  thus  gallantly  settled 
ill  our  dUferences  vi'ith  the  IJarbarv  powers,  and 
having  been  joined  by  com.  Bainbridge,  to  v/iiom 
the  command  of  the  squach-on  v/as  surrendered,  the 
fleet  ]n-oceeded  to  Algiers,  and  from  tlicnce  to 
Malaga  and  Gibraltar,  from  widcli  place  commodo.-e 
Dainbridge  sailed  on  the  Tthof  October  in  t!ie  Inde- 
).endence  74,  with  the  frigates  Macedonian  and 
Congress,  7  brigs  and  3  schooners,  in  all  13  sail, 
bouncl  io  inis  port,  where  they  are  tis  remain  during 
1  ic  winfcr. 

.I'lomihe  I^icliniohd  EiK/nirer. — Extract  of  a  letter  to 
r.  ..enileman  of  Richm.or.d,  dated  U.  S.  shin  Con- 
stellation,   off  Messina,  Kept.  1,  1815 — 
"The  only  letter,  I   can  flatter   myself  tiiat    lias 
.•fever  reached  either  my  niotiier  or  ^yourself,  was  by 
the  brig  Epervier.     As  the  cna-.mander's  despatches 
vjure  sent  out  by  that  vessel — yo-a   are  nov,'  in    full 
porv^csjion  of  all  the  circumstances  relative  to  oui- 
treaty  with  tlie  dey,  and  of  course  can  say  wlieUicr 
tiie  treaty    was   such  a  one  as  you  expected — or  of 
s'.ich  a  nature,  as  was  likely  to'  i^-ive 


s,....  general 


-or 
„         u  -  s.atis" 

f^ction  lo  the  government.     Tisoug-h  an  honorable 
one,  and  on  such  term'-,  that  witii  propriety  it  could 


make  its  appearance  in  most  of  the  vessels;  and  rc^i^ 
dered  our  return  into  sonie  friendly  port  of  the  ut- 
most importance.  This  \i  a  poor  inisevidjle  ])lace, 
andthougji  I  was  tired  after  our  long  cruiie^  of  the 
ship  and  sea,  still  1  preferred  beir^g  actively  cm- 
ployed  out,  than  remaining  in  Ciigliari — and  dal  not 
regret  again  puttin.g  to  sea  on  the  fourth  day  afcer 
o;:r  arrival,  to  bend  our  course  "once  more  toy.'ard:; 
I?arbaryund  settle  some  differeuces  with  the  bey  of 
Tiinis,  unknown  to  our  government  when  w'e  sailed; 
but  v.-liicli  the  commodore  took  ail  res]jonsibiuty  as 
tliCir  repre-.ti;tative  to  settle.  Tlic  cause  Oi'  cami'. 
phiint  was  this:  Daring  our  war  with  Engla-nd  one, 
our  privateers  sent  'ato  Tunis  f;ur  prizes,  y^\  of 
whicli  were  receivec?  and  promised  protection.  Two 
■were  sei.^ed  by  tlie  bey  and  sold  at  a  reduced  ji;-icc.' 
lie  becoming  tiie  sole  ])nrcha«er,  while  the  ovller 
two  were  taken  out  of  iiij  ports  under  t!ie  b.Ltiervj 
by  a  British  brig;  and  oirrled  oST.  Ouv  C'.jnsul  re- 
monstrated in  vain  and  \'.  as  finally  tfire'iteihd  with  .( 
secret  i'i&ii  fi-o-,h  some  of  1  is  t.trban'd  m  jesty'i? 
faitiif.d  subject-^,  if  he  said  a;,y  thing  furthci-  on  thj 
subject. 

Prudence,  of  cource,  dictated  silcitce  until  an  op 
portnnity  .'ihouhl  present  to  do  the  Unitcdi  .State..i 
justice:  -and  a.s  soon  as  our  squadron  arrived,  ho" 
rur-.varded  his  communications  to"  die  c:>  -imodnrf; 
who  demanded  and  obtaiiied  remu-.icratian  tor  all 
tlie  prizes.  They  were  valued  hy  oar  consul  at 
S6.>,000,  every  cent  df  wliirh  his  m.jesty  p..id;  a;^- 
suring  tiie  commodore  d.iable  the  a^nount  wo-rlct  ha 
paid  with  pledhtre,  rather  than  g-o  to  war  ^T'tt ii  Amc-  • 
rica.  You  nuist  know  the  commodore  had  glveK 
!:im  liij  choice,  the  raoTiC^y  to  be  jjaid  i:i  12  houri 
ufur  the  demand,  or  hostilities  wbidd  commence. -- 
i'hus  eu'led  our  dirhcuUies  with  ilie.n!o\;t  foiiliida- 
ble  of  all  the  Barbary  powers,  and  tliongh  we  had 
no  fighting,  sUll  tills  demand  was  made  before  their 
Walls,  in  sigiit  of  six  frigates,  as  in.a'iy  corvetttrt  itn'l 
bri  V')  v'l'-'^t  hfU'  guit-bo.as  capable  df  ;vrti'i*  in  two 
harbors.  As  tlie  commodore  was  i.<.dijpo.;ed  t!ic; 
day  the  money  was  to  be  paidj  taptnin  'Jordon,  tlie  • 
second  in  command,  was  ordered  to  wait  on  the 
bey,  received  the  amount  and  passed  the  ncice.ss.try 


receipt.  By  this  good  turn  of  fortune,  1  iiad  the 
pleasiu-e  of  being  introduced  to  his  majefiti; — and 
seeliiir  sonietiu'i':r  of  tiie  manners  of  the  barbnru 
court.  To  enter  into  every  niiiiutia;  r. ■»  iednig  tnis- 
vi.dt  and  my  sensations,  &c.  kc.  would  c.-icced  thd 
limits  of  the  letter.  I  wiii  theref.ii'e  s:iy  nothing  at 
present  en  the  subject,  but  W:ut  till  I  can  in  fier.w,i. 
tailt  over  my  triiyel^,  and  tell  yon  all — for  I  hcipe  thii 
time  is  hot  far  distant  ere  I  once  more  turn  my  f  ica- 
to  the  west  and  embrace  in  my  native  bind,  tliCdrily 
one  of  freedom  under t!ic  sun — those  t'-?en  s  I  ii.-.ve 
left  behind; 

"We  ren.Uii-.ed  (if?  Tunis   seven  days,  wlieri  \\'a 


not  be  rejected — for  the  de:;  granted  every  demand  [again  weighed  ar.chor  ar.d  stood  to  yea,  destined  on 
made,  still  1  tlniik  tlie  commo<lore  was  rather  has- la  visit  to  our  old   friend   the  ba," 


ty-* — -iad  we  cruized  six  weeks  long-cr  vre  should 
have  destroyed  the  v/hoie  of  their  navy:  placed  it 
entirely  out  of  their  power  to  commer,ce  for  many 
years  any  depredationfi  ou  our  cor.imcrce,  ;tn;l  final- 
ly nude  peace  on  the  sainc  terms  we  iiave  it  now. 
Bul.peace  with  this  people  was  certainly  the  most 
dc:;irable  object,  ar.d  as  we  have  it  on  our  own  terms, 
v.eshould  not  complain.  From  Algiers  v;e  sailed 
for  Cagliari,  in  Sardinia,  to  procure  v/atcr  and  fresh 
provisio.is — necessaries  we  stood  much  in  wantoi — 
for   that  most  horrid   complain c,  scurv,-,    began  to 

*  Perhaps  not— as  he   wished  to   avuil  himself  of 
uic  first;  moment  of  terror  to  e«.tort;  bif=  own  term'; 


raw. 


He   ii 


!lS 


brotliers  Cey  a'.vd  bey,  h;id  taken  atirantagc  of  cur 
war  with  England,  to  sei/'.e  some  American  Vessels 
layin*'  in  his  harbor,-  and  se.it  them  to  ^J■.!ta  t.-;  he 
di-iposcd  of  f.rr  tlicir  origirlal  owners.  They  weKe 
vessels  H*;nt  in  !)y  our/'r/t'.i.'.-era,  and  val -.ed  b  ,  our 


consul  a 


gj'.'QOU.  A  sum  piiifulindecd — but  pitif.;} 
H&  It  wa?,  the  Hritisli  cor.sui  was  villain  enougli  to 
persuade  t!ie  poor  fooii.iii  old  b..sh  .w  to  d.Kver 
Uiemnp  to  him— as3;u-inghim  th.^.t  the  people  oft!. e 
'Jniied  .Slates  would  never  have  it  in  their  power  to 
make  a  demand  on  him  for  the  violatio.i  of  t.ie  irea- 
ty.  That  Eiighrnd  would,  destroy  the  whole  of  oar 
navy,  auvl  tii.tt  he  lieed  r.evcr  fear  a  second  Amerio.u- 
tlcet  oiTTripoii. — Hov/  must  tliis  son  of  .lolm  iii!;! 
have  felt  v.-Jjcn  he  sa.v  .-r.:v  littie  hqua'.b'on  off  t^-.; 


gOg    KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  23,  ISij 


town— composed  chiefly  of  vessels  captured  fiomj 
hismaiesty.  As  there  \vaa  a  g^-eat  degree  of  trench-, 
evv  caiii'.ected  vvitii  this  business,  the  con\niodore| 
de^nr.r.ded  g30,000  for  the  prizes  g-iviiig-  as  usual,! 
short  ti?-nefor  consideration— In  this  he  has  been! 
cqunllv  fortunate. — The   money   paid   without   tlie 
least  difficulty —Thus,  my  dear  uncle,  liave  we,  in 
the  space  of  90  days,  settled  with  three  of  the  bar- 
barv  powers,  wiuppid  one,  and  made  a  peace  on  our 
ov.n  terms — and  exacted  tribute  fiom  two  others, 
—we  left  the  unhealthy  coast  of  Jifrica  on  the  7th, 
and  once  move  steered  for  a  Christian  port,  and  ar- 
rived in  Syracuse  on  ill e  lOlh,  but  was  disappointed 
ii  havint,'- any  intercourse  with  the  sliore,  for  llie  peo-i 
pie  whoai-e'chleflv  composed  of  priests,  are  so  su- 
perstitious that  they   will  liave  no  communication! 
v.-ith  anyvessels  in  less  than  thirty  days   after  leav  | 
inf^  tlie  coa.st  of  Barbary.     AVe  were  ag-ain  compell- 1 
cd  to  put  to  sea  without  seeini>-  any  of  those  curiosi-( 
ties  tills  ph.ce  is  so  celebrated  for,  or  procure  any| 
of  those  necessaries  wc  so  much  rca^uired  after  ourj 
long'  cruise.     Tlie  opening  to  the    ear  of  Dyonisius 
ooukl  be  distinctly  seen  from  our  decks.— -The  re- 
mains of  the  tower  of  Archimedes,  which  it  is  said 
to  liave  fired  the  Roman  ^allies,  was  also  pointed' 
out— aiKl  wehad  thesaiisf.'Ction  of  procuring- fresh 
water  fr?m  the  fountain  of  Arethusa.     On  the  third 
day  afler  entering  the  harbor,  we  were  again  under 
^TaV,  and  tlie  coinmodore  kept  the  shore   close  on 
board.     We  Inul  for  five  days  a  fine  view   of  ^tna 
andtlic  adjrxcnt  country — the  whole  coast  appears 
to  have  been  formed  iVo'm  Lava,  and  we  passed  se- 
veral vlliag-es  built  entirely  fioni   this  substance. — 
On  tjie  5th  dav  after  leaving  Syracuse,  we  entered 
the  straits  of  Messina,  and  anchored  the  same  even- 
ing off  tlie   town  wliere  we    immediately  procured 
pratique,  and  are  now  enjoying  ourselves  in  every 
pleasure  a  gav  Sicilian   tu^mi  afibrds — The  harbor 
Jiere  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  when  you  have 
once  entered  it,  but  the  most  difficult  of  access.— 
Tiic  whirlpool  of  Charybdis  stands  immediately  at 
its  moutli,    wliile  the  rock  of  Scylla,  no  less  for- 
midable, stands  about  five  miles  above  tlie  opposite 
shore — to  avoid  ore,  j'ou  are  apt  to  run  on  boiird  the 
othej-j  and  it  requu-es  tlie  greatest  skill  to  bring-  a 
vessel  iji  without  some    accident.     Though  the.-;e 
places  <u-e  dangerous,  they  are  cer'.alnly  not  as  for- 
midable as  represented  by  tlie  ancients.     We  have 
new  t>»cn  here  ten  days,  and  in  daiiy  expectation  of 
sailing  for  Na]5ies — di'ence  to  Leghorn,  ;uid  so  on  up 
to    CMrlliageiiH — where    we    calcuiate    on     finding 
commodore    Eainbridge    with   orders    to    s.end  us 
home." 

From  theCohmhidn. — Ttritdi  De^-eneran/.  Accounts 
•received  in  New- York  from  the  AIcditcrr:;ncan,  re- 
lative 10  the  conduct  of  ihe  late  Dutch  squadron, 
though  very  laughable,  teach  us  how  a  people  lose 
energy  and  honor,  and  courage,  by  losing-  liberty. 
Tiie  Dutch  frigates  were  in  f.xt  blocteuled  in  Spa- 
nish ports,  till  tlie  American  sqviadrcin  attacked  and 
captured  soni'i' Algerine  cruisers,  when  the  remain- 
der escaped  hito  Malta.  T/itit  tlic  Dutch  came  out, 
and  lay  before  Alglei-s,  to  the  number  of  six  or  se- 
ven frigates  or  ships  of  war.  "When  it  was  knovrn 
at  Mi'ita,  tliat  the  dey  had  made  peace  with  tlie 
^inericims,  two  Algerine  frigates  put  to  sea,  and 
entered  the), arbor  of  Algiers,  lighung  their  way 

throi't^ii  the  Dutcli  squadron  !  !  ! The  reader,  ac- 

<]'.-.ainted  with  tlio  former  liistory  of  the  Dutch, 
■vvouid  .-scarcely  believe  that  these  officers  and  sea- 
lucn,  Jirc  the  countrymen  of  the  De  Witts,  of  De 
Rtrv^e-.-,  and  Vautromp  Tlie  same  squadron,  we 
her,  bought  u renewal  of  the  fin-nicr  trcatv  lictsvcen 
lioUsuid  and  the  dcy,  (op  four  hnndretl  thousand  Jol- 


lavs ;  which  treaty   stipulates  the  payment   of  an- 

annual  tribute. Compare  this  treaty  witii  that  iic- 

g-'jciiited  by  Dkcayur  and  his  secretaries  oi  lej^ation  ! 
The  Dutcii,  in  truth,  nre  without  skilful  naval  ofli- 
cers — they  lack  experience  ;  those  wlio  were  quali- 
fied to  command,  went  into  the  service  of  Bonaparte, 
and  are  out  of  fashion  now  in  common  Mith  honor 
and  talents,  in  France  :uid  llolhnid.  No  power  in 
Europe  can  raise  a  navy  to  rival  England. — America^ 
— free  America  !  you  are  the  sole  hope  of  a  degrade 
ed  and  benighted  world — May  your  stars  siiine 
through  all  futurity — and  your  example  yet  give 
freedom  to  mankind. 

FoiiEKiN  OPINIONS.  Jilcssiiui,  fSicilifJ  •^■'iiig.  23.—- 
On  Saturday,  the  division  of  the  American  squadron, 
consisting  of  three  frigates,  one  corvette,  two 
schooners  and  a  brig,  commanded  by  commodore 
Decati-k,  dropt  anchor  in  this  port.  That  brave 
officer  has  the  glory  of  liaving,  after  thirty -five  days 
absence  from  tlie  iic-.u  -.vorld,  concluded  the  most  ho- 
norable peace  for  V\\e  great  nation  whIcJi  he  repre- 
sents, and  very  much  to  tlie  advantage  of  the  com- 
merce of  this  country.  Although  the  tenor  of  tire 
treaty  has  not  yet  been  published,  it  is,  liowever, 
known,  from  good  authorlt)',  that  tiie  regency  oP" 
Algiers  has  been  obliged  to  pay  him  the  amou.nt  of 
the  prizes  taken  during  the  war;  and  the  regenciest 
of  Tripoli  and  Tunis  have  been  obliged  to  hidemni- 
fy  the  American  government  for  all  tlic  prizes  which 
have  been  made  in  their  ports  by  foreign  nations. 

B.vrhauiax  TiE.spKCT.  UoKlov,  A'in\  14.  Tiie  bey 
of  Tunis  has  written  a  letter  to  tlie  president  of  the 
United  States,  justifying  the  deposing  of  his  prede- 
cessor hi  office,  and  shewing  Ids  superior  right  ttf 
t'ne  beysliip. 
Extract  of  a  h'tter  fro7n  an  officer  on  hoard  tlie  IT.  S. 

ship  JMacedonian,  to  Ins  friend  in  J\''etv-York,  dated 

off  Tripoli,  A7!jiiist  9th,  isiS. 

"We  left  Caghari  the  24th  July,  and  25th  anchor- 
ed in  tlie  bay  of  Tunis,  where  the  commodore  dicta- 
ted the  terms  of  a  treaty  to  the  bey — compelled  him 
to  pay  for  two  prizes,  sent  into  Tunis  by  an  Ameri- 
can  privateer,  and  given  up  to  the  English — got  in- 
denuiity  for  a  cargo  sold  In-  an  Amei-ican  captain  to 
a  Jew,  wjio  refused  to  pay  for  it,  (witli  the  appro- 
bation of  the  bey.)  While  we  lay  off  Tunis,  went 
ashore  but  once.  We  left  the  ship  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  landed  at  the  Gallctta,  tlie  principal  defence 
of  the  town,  vdiere  we  provided  ourselves  with 
horses  and  asses,  rode  round  the  lake  at  tjic  head 
of  which  stands  the  town.  The  lake  is  connected 
with  the  sea  by  a  small  canal,  and  forms  a  natural 
salt-work.  The  lake  is  no  where  more  than  three 
feet  deep,  and  when  the  tide  is  o-at,  it  leaves  on  the 
shores  of  the  l.-ike,  whicli  are  very  level,  a  coat  of 
salt.  Ill  riding  round  this  hike  to  the  city,  we  pas- 
sod  not  less  than  4-  or  5G'v)  piles  of  salt  as  l.'irge  as  liay- 
cocks.  There  ai-e  liundreds  of  acres  of  t'le  shores 
of  this  lake  over  which  the  water  flows,  not  decpet 
than  six  inches,  so  that  a  great  part  of  it  ev.qjorates 
every  tide  andlea\es  ihe^salt,  wliicli  is  scraped  to- 
gether and  carried  off'on  camels  to  the  high  grounds, 
where  it  is  deposited  in  Large  piles.  The  water  of 
this  lake  is  so  much  Salter  than  the  ocean  (owing  to 
its  shallowness  and  small  out-let)  that  it  is  much 
jniucli  more  difiicult  to  row  a  boat  through  it  ;  and 
I  wherever  the  oar  falls,  it  leaves  a  fiiie  spot  of  salt. 
We  an-ived  at  the  city  at  nine  in  the  morning — took 
breakfast  with  the  American  consul,  v/lio  treated  us 
as  politely  as  his  attention  to  the  public  business 
would  admit.  The  city  is  an  iri-egular  built  place, 
tlie  houses  of  stone,  and  the  streets  so  narrow,  that 
you  ran  with  difficulty  pass  an  ass,  loaded  with 
wood,  v.ithout  tearing  your  clothes.     We  -wei-e glad 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTEll— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


209 


te  leave  the  place  an(T  get  on  board  oiu-  ship  asyaiii, 
after  visiting'  a  Turkish  steam  bath,  the  only  tliins? 
worth  Seeing'  in  tlie  city.  August  2d,  we  wcig-iied 
nnchor  and  sailed  for  Tripoli,  wliere  we  arrived  the 
5th.  We  stood  olf  and  on  until  the  9th ;  in  the 
mean  time,  t)ie  commodore  concluded  a  treaty,  by 
the  terms  of  which  we  received  25,000  dollars  for 
spoliations  on  our  commerce,  and  released  ten  Ita- 
lian prisoners,  which  was  called  §5000  more." 

Sea]maxs;-[IP. — Extract  of  a  letter  from  an  officer 
of  the  U.  S.  bn^  Enterprize. — "  We  sailed  on  the 
6l}i  of  August,  at  2  o'clock,  with  a  strong  breeze 
from  the  northward  and  eastward;  this  continued  two 
days — on  t.he  third,  about  noon.  It  began  to  blow  a 
gale,  until  10  at  '.light,  wiien  it  blew  so  iiard  we  had 
the  comfort  of  reflecting  that  it  coidd  not  blow 
much  harder,  nevertheless  it  did  increase  and  con- 
•tinued  for  about  tliree  hours  with  a  fury  altogether 
inconceivable.  All  the  sails  were  taken  in  and 
tlie  yai'ds  lowered  on  deck,  and  after  every  thing  else 
had  been  done,  capt.  Kearney  ordered  the  guns  to 
be  thrown  overljourd,  and  the  carpenters  to  stand 
by  to  cut  away  the  masts — before  these  orders  could 
be  executed  the  wind  began  to  abate,  and  we  hap- 
pily saved  our  guns  and  masts — the  wind  continued 
with  violence  till  daylight,  but  tlie  force  of  it  was 
spent.  Onr  gallant  little  brig  rode  through  the 
storm  with  great  t- .ise,  and  xoithout  tlie  least  irijunj. 
"You  were  wishing,"  saitl  tiie  captain  to  me,  "to 
see  a  storm  at  sea" — said  I,  "and  my  curiosity  is 
completeli; gratified." — "If  it  is  notjou  are  very  unrea- 
sonable, for  a  harder  one  never  blew  on  the  Atlantic 
— old  Boreas  has  been  getting  a  new  pair  bellows, 
and  seems  determiised  to  try  them  on  us." 

Two  days  after  this  we  spoke  the  ship  Pani'Ot,  of 
Liverpool — she  hud  lost  lier  mizen  mast  and  foretop 
m-ast  ia  the  gale  and  was  leaky — the  capt.  informed 
us  he  v.-as  one  of  a  fleet  of  uinety  six  sail  fi-omJamaica, 
under  convoy  of  tlie  Warrior,  of  T-i  guns,  and  a  sloop 
of  war — the  convoy  was  dispersed  in  the  gale — he 
saw  two  vessels  go  down — the  next  day  he  saw  the 
wrecks  of  two  otliers — had  on  board  ttie  crew  of  a 
fifth,  v.'hom  hehad  saved — and  had  spoken  a  sixth  in 
distress.  He  was  apprelicnsive  that  the  great 
part  of  the  fleet  was  lost,  &.c.  he  never  saw  so  tre- 
mendous a  gale  in  his  life.  He  was  surprised  at 
the  appearance  of  our  vessel — for  we  luere  as  smig 
as  if  we  had  Just  conif  eiit  of  port.  For  tiiis  we  ai-e 
indebted,  under  IVoviiicnce,  to  the  excellence  of 
our  brig's  crew  and  officers. 

"  6th  September. — The  land  we  made  yesterda} 
proves  to  be  die  coast  of  .Spain,  between  Capes  St. 
\incent  and  St.  Mary's  ;  at  noon  our  main  and  fore- 
top-masts  were  carried  a\vay  in  a  sir.guiar  manner; 
the  weather  was  perfectly  serene  ami  tJie  sky  cloud- 
less— the  wind  ligiit  and  we  were  going  imder  easy 
sail,  when  a  sudden  wldrlwind  carried  away  the  top- 
masts, sails,  rigging  and  ad — -uhUe  not  a  breath  of  it 
-mas  felt  on  deck.  \Ve  did  not  feel  the  least  shock 
nor  was  the  motion  of  the  vessel  the  least  impeded, 
in  sliort  no  indication  of  it  was  seen  jieard  or  felt 
and  excepi  die  man  at  the  mast  head,  no  one  could 
tell  how  or  when  it  happened." 
Copy  of  a  letter  from  commodore  Decatnr,  to  his  excel- 
lency tlie  marquis  Circello,  secretary  of  state  and  mi- 
nister of  foreign  affairs  to  his  majesty  the  king  of 
JSTaplcs. 

U.  8.  SHIP  CuEri-TijErir., 
J\'aples,  September  8ih,  1815. 
Sm— Ihave  the  lionor  to  inform  your  excellency, 
tliat  in  my  late  negociatiou  with  the  bashaw  of  Tri- 
poli, I  demanded  and  obtained  the  release  of  eight 
Neapolitan  captives,  subjects  of  his  majestv,  the 
king  of  the  two  Sicilies.    The^e  I  have  landed  at 


Alessina.  It  afTords  me  great  pleasure  to  liavc  liari 
it  in  inv  power,  by  tliis  small  service,  to  evince  to 
his  m  I  jesty  the  gratef'il  senic  entei'taincd  by  my 
government  of  the  aid,  formerly  rendered  to  us  by 
his  majesty,  during  our  war  witii  Tripoli. 

With  great  respect  and  consideration,  I  have  tlie 
honor  to  be,your  excellenc^•'^^  most  obedient  servant, 

STEf'HEN  DECATUR. 
ffis  excellency  the  marquis    Cir cello. 
Secretary  of  state,  &c.  &c. 

Naples,  I2th  Sept.  1815. 
Sir — Having  laid  before  tlie  king  mv  master  the 
paper  you  have  directed  me,  dated  the  8th  inst.  in 
which  you  were  pleased  to  acquaint  me,  that  in  ydm^ 
last  negociation  with  the  bey  of  Tripoli,  you  liad 
freed  from  the  slavery  of  that  regency,  eight  subjects 
of  liis  majesty,  whom  you  had  also  set  on  shore  at 
Messina;  his  majesty  iias  ordered  me  to  acknow- 
lege  this  peculiar  fvivor  as  the  act  of  your  generosity, 
wliicliyou  liave  pleased  to  call  a  return  for  the  trif- 
ling assistance  which  the  squadrc:^  of  3-aiir  nation  for- 
merly received  from  his  royal  government  during 
tlie  war  witli  Tripoli. 

In  doing  myself  the  pleasure  of  manifesting  tiiis 
sentiment  of  my  king,  and  of  assuring,  you  in  his 
name,  that  the  brave  American  nation  will  always 
find  in  his  majesty's  ports  the  l)est  reception,  I  beg 
you  will  receive  tlie  assurances  of  my  most  distin- 
guished consideration. 

Marquis   CIUCELLO,     ' 
Secretary  of  state  and  ministiM'  of 
foreign  affairs. 
Com.  Decatur,  cmimander  of  the 

Squadron  of  the  U.  S.  of  America. 


Foreign  Articles. 

Acoprdjng  to  our  last  accounts  the  following,  and 
several  other,  French  fortresses  had  not  yet  submit- 
ted— Longu-y,  (wliich  had  been  twice  l)ombarded) 
Landau,  Salins,  Strasburg,  Cliarlemont,  Xeubrisac, 
Brest  and  Antwerp. 

40,000  people  of  the  Lower  P_\Tenees  offered  their 
services  to  the  prefect  to  drive  out  their  "delivc- 
ers,"  tJie  Spaniards.  TJie  soutli  of  France  is  greatlv 
disturbed.  Tranquility  is  restored  in  Corsica.  Tlie 
white  flag  flies  there. 

The  French  funds  fell  from  63  to  56,  on  the  late 
chaTige  of  ministers. 

y'he  Turks,  it  is  said,  have  assembled  an  army  of 
200,000  men,  but  whether  to  act  against  tlie  Ser- 
ruuns  and  others  in  ins'.u"rect;on,  or  .gainst  Austrii 
or  Russia,  seems  doubtful.  The  latter  powers  ap- 
pear to  be  preparing  for  them. 

The  Portuguese  and  Spanish  courts  are  reported 
to  have  .some  misunderstanding. 

French  so-rereig-nty  .'  (Jrders  were  received  that 
no  French  vessel  should  clear  out  wiUiout  a  pass- 
port from  lord  WelUngton,  (the  actual  rider  o? 
Fr.'uice,)  and  permits  are  given  to  any  part  >ji  the 
world,  except  the  co.ast  of  Africa. 

English  trade  to  South  .Ivisrica.  On  the  29th  of 
June,  there  were,  according  to  letters  received  in 
London,  27  English  ships  in  the  River  Plata. 

French  memoirs.  Carnot,  says  a  Paris  paper,  has 
published  a  second  memoir.  It  is  printed  at  Eouen, 
and  consists  of  a  sheet  and  a  half  I  do  not  yet 
know  of  any  person,  who  has  read  it,  except  tli»e 
duke  of  Otranto,  though  several  ])erao!is  of  consc-- 
quence  annotnice  its  existence.  Itg  object  is  to 
point  out  the  means  of  delivering  France  from  the 
ibreign  aimiies. 

There  has  also  been  issued  from  tiie  press  anytlier 
n^emoir,  mucli  more  extensive,  and  wJiich  coasi^ts 


0[Q    KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1815. 


■Se-f 


fif  a  strong  appoal  ffom  tlic  prctestants  o;i  ■  '.le  occa-  tlie  Infidels  ;  Ijy  wMch  it  appears  there  are.49,000  iq 
sion  of  the  horrors  wliich  h:ive  been  commiMel  in  (the  rcc;-encies  of  Tunis   and  Alifiers.     Ills  holiness 
the  so'U'i.     Tiicsc  honors  arc  detailed  in  it.     "M; 
nisters  of  Louis  XVIII,  will  you  be  more  cruel  thkn 
tiie  ministers  of  Louij  XjV  !"  is  one  of  the  apos- 
^ropes  of  of  this  memoir,  . 

}!:'i:ish  n:07'a!ifi/.  It  appears  determined  by  the 
fjiiusii  au'Jiori. ies,  tliat  a  note  or  ot'.ier  bill,  drawn 
in  a  pivrisfii  Cf^untry,  and,  not  having  tlie  I'riliah 
stamp  on  the  paper,  is  irrecoverable  in  a  British 
court  of  law  !  '}(\ih  is,  at  least,  wliiit  we  suppose 
^o  be  the  meauinc:  of  some  late  tiiintijs  we  iiave  seen. 

Labedntiere.  We  have  alre.idy  iviven  an  account 
cf  the  g-alinnt  manner  in  whicii  thi-s  dis<in(>'uishe<:l 
man  met  his  "murderers" — [i^e  was  certainly  as 
much  "mui-dered"  as  the  famous  duke  d''  En^-hein 
was].  He  adv.mced  baldly  and  fiimly — told  liiose 
nppointed  to  kill  him  to  "malce  ready — present— Jiiv." 
Vo  tlie  lioiior  of  France  be  it  s.iid,  tiiat  they  were 
n  i>  irty  of  the  ro!/a>i';ts  \vi\o  had  rallied  round  Louis, 
at  iJiicnt,  who  sho'  him.  None  eLse  could  be  found 
for  the  odious  service — and  even  they  v  ere  encir- 
cled bv  a  body  of  FOKI;IG^-  bayo.r.ets,  in  the  hunds 
qf  I-'mvsif'ns. 

Pvoieciior,.  It  is  s'ated  in  the  P:iris  papers  tliat 
^'th.c  pi'ince  regent  o\' England  Ikis  honored  the  pope 
witii  a  rct;-imen.t  of  Irisii  lloman  C'ltholics  for  liis 
f^uard."  While  hi^  arms  are  dcf.^nding-  the  "Holy 
i'ather"  we  think  he  oiight  to  silence  his  priests  v.'lio 
srp  clamoring'  to  heaven  for  Jiis  deslruction — av 
thei'T  tvcges  ■'remire-'i  tlw;/  should  do. 

Btdlio'ii. — London,  September  23,.  Yesterday  the 
])rice  of  i^oltL  was  dull  at  88s.  and  dollars  iieavy  at 
53.  6d, 

The  spsihrs.  A  traveller  wlio  has  lately  arrived 
in  Ent  land  froni  tlie  conLluent,  affirms  that  h.e  m.et 
40,0'JO  Friissimis  without  arm^,,  and  witliout  regimen- 
inl  clnthiiig,  v.i.o  were  piishii'g-  with  all  haste  lo 
Fravce  to  .supply  themrselve  .  v^ilh  both.  He  also 
understood  that  there  w..s  another  column  of  :i  like 
mmibcr  marching  to  the  same  destinntion  for  tiie 
pamepurposeH 

Tlie  sum  of  1,165  dollars  has  been  subscribed  for 
the  relaiives  of  the  s^ven  S.'ixon  i;-renadaers,shot  for 
vnitiri'i  i)v  order  of  p.it\ce  Eiucher.  Two  h;indrcd 
dollars  of  this  money  v>'as  sent  by  a  person  <jf  tnc 
jui^'iiestrank. -/lambnrg/i  Carres fiondait,  Si'pt.  8. 

"The  Prussian  troops  a^  N.uUz,  5,000,  had  march- 
ed to  join  other  forces  direcled  ag-ainst  Brest  and 
iiad    not   suSvnittcd.      They   had 


Ant;verp,  whicri 


the  allies,  or  Critish.  In  the  former  poi-t  were  'BJ, 
jj\d  at  the  latter  30  sail  of  siiips  of  the  line,  besides 
fcij'-ates.  These  will  perhaps  be  destroyed,  or  add- 
ed to  tiie  Rrhisli  irn'v. 

The  6i!)  edition  of  the  Causes  and  Character  of 
•ihe  late  war  wiih  Greai  Britain,  \vliich  was  or)^:','nally 
'published  at  Washington,  hiis  made  its  appearance  i;.' 
Jjoudon. 

Tlie  emperor  of  Austria  is  about  to.  assume  th.e 
title  of  "f-'rotf'ctor  of  tlie  Lihertien  of  ftahf." 

It  is  now  s:,id  that  2U3,t)00  of  tbe  allies  arc  to  re- 
ynain  iii  Trance,  until  the  l;ist  fartliing'  o'.'tbe  tributf 
is  paid,  &c.  'I'he  treaty,  if  any  there  is,  has  not  yev 
^een  published. 

JJepuriii.re  of  the  edited  sovereign.  Tlie  emperor 
of  Russi:i  quilled  Paris  on  the  28th  Sept.  taking-  the 
rouie  of  Jj.usscls — The  empi  ror  of  Au.stri:;  departed 
soon  au<TWards,  and  tl'c  khig-of  Prussia,  was  expect- 
ed to  kave  the  cilyaliout  ilie  ijiii  of  October. 

We  have  a  report  tliat  war  was  expected  between 
.Hussia  .md  Sweden. 

The  congregation  of  missionaries  at  Rome,  hr.s 
jsublishcd  a  census  of  the  Christian  prisoners,  air.ciig- 


intends  appealing-  to  the   fAtvnpcan  ponuers  for  tlieii^ 
ran.iom.     [He  had  better  appeal  to  the  ^'imerican^.] 

Kinf^  LouLs  l-.as  soflcned  the  dismissal  of  the  old 
ministry  bj'  conferring- distinctions  upon  all,  Fouche 
exce]>ted,  whose  name  is  not  mentioned. 

Jx'en. — There  secr.is  to  be  some  fc-reu  di^cnlt^t  at- 
tenchng-  tlic  trial  of  marshal  Ney.  I'he  g'ovenimcnt 
is,  probably,  afraid  to  meet  the  case  faji-ly.  He  ii? 
still  confined,  but  enjoys  extraordinary  privileg-es, 

The  military  orders  of  St.  Lo-ais  and  of  miiiciiTY 
merit,  have  been  g-lven  by  the  king-  of  France  to  34 
■^-eneral  oflicers  in  the  Ri;ssi,m  sei-vice,for  their  mild- 
ness and  forbearance  when  in  France. 

A  London  paper,  of  Sept.  23,  mentions  a  report, 
tliat  lord  Melville  was  to  be  appointed  governor  of 
hidiri,  vice  tbe  earl  of  .Moira.  Tl»e  latter  i.s  com- 
;)i:d'ied  of  for  his  present  Indian  war,  and  the  cx- 
peusiveness  of  his  establishments.  I-:  is  said  hehacj 
100  elepimnts  and  T/OU  camels. 

Sp<dii. — An  insuri-ec'aon,  of  whicli  v.-e  hid  the 
most  plciisir.g  hopes,  was  raised  in  Spain,  near  Con 
runna,  the  latter  end  of  September,  headed  by  one 
of  the  old  patriots,  general  Porlier.  He  issued  ;i 
spirited  proclamation  to  tiie  people  of  fT.ullcii,  and. 
many  joined  him  to  shake  of  the  tyrant  Ferdinand 
and  his  vile  priests.  We  Jiave  a  report  that  lie  has 
been  defeated  an.d  taken  prisoner,  but  are  not  v.il- 
"ing  to  believe  it.  There  is  iTiuch  disaftectijn  ia 
ypain,  and  v/eU  there  may — for  it  is  under.stood  that 
in  t!ie  old  castles  and  prisons  there. are  confined  no 
less  th.ui  50,000  of  those  who  were  most  active  iu 
the  revolution  ;  of  those  who  labored  the  mos,;  to. 
put  tlie  ungrateful  fool  on  the  throne.  Tlie  soldiery 
are  said  to  be  g-enerallj'  discontented.  Vigf>r  to  tlie 
man  tiiat  strikes  for  freedom,  civil  and  religious. 
We  siiall  11  ear  of  this. 

"Legitimaa,'.'' — Tiie  "Holy  Father"  has  piously. 
shut  tip  .ill  tiie  private  schools  and  places  of  hisi?-uc-i 
tion  wh.ich  grev.'  up  from  the  nature  of  thhigs  wldle 
the  "estates  of  tlie  clm-ch"  h.id  some  portion  of 
freedom  under  the  tyrant  ijonapi-rie. 

Ireland  is  in  a  most  distracted  state.  Tlie  gricv" 
ances  of  the  people,  by  tlie  j-jres.sure  of  the  tythes. 
added  to  their  other  burthens,  seems  insiipport.d>ie. 
A  flesultory,  but  dreadful  war,  prevails  in  several 
cfjunties  ;  and  new  association.?,  somc-.vhat  after  the 
maimer  of  the  former  "Tridted  Irishmen,"  appear  to 
be  firming-  in  various  parts.  Ttiartial  haw  is  pro- 
claimed, and  many  troops  are  sending  fom  F.r.g-1  :iul 
to  Ireland — some  fighting  has  taken  ph^ce  between 
the  t>cople  and  the  regular  troops.  Limenck  is  the 
chief  seat  of  tiie  insurrection,  but  it  is  progressing, 
in  other  counties.     The  muil  coaclics  are  attacked, 

houses  Inirnt,  cattle  killed,  and  men  murdered » 

that  prie^is,  wlio  never  oniclate  for  the  people,  maj' 
live  in  luxury  and  debauciiery.  The  following  ir.ay 
clucida'c  vlic  ni.turc  of'lhe  thing  so  much  comiJiam- 

ed  of. "Tlie  protestant  rector  of  the  parisii  of 

tlie  Roval  O.dc,  county  of  Carlow,  levies  under  the 
imposition  of  tiie  tythe  svstem,  not  less  than  kCoOOO 
.ir.naaib',  and  within  the  extensive  populous  (iistrict, 
there  is  not  one  protcstaut.  It  can  be  no  gre.it  mat- 
ter for  our  astonishment  to  learn,  that  discontent 
thrives  in  a  community,  so  oppressed  to  maintain  a, 
ni:>n,  who  ex.xts  such  a  heavy  revenue  from  their 
industry,  in  tiie  name  of  Cod,  to  spend  it  in  another 
country,  whiiout  the  shadow  of  utility  or  appear- 
ance of  it  to  the  suU'crcrs." 

I'he  seamen,  hi  many  English  ports,  assemble  in 
large  bodies  to  ur^-e  employment  and  an  increase  <\f 


KILES'  WREKr.Y  nEOISTf^R— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


21i 


'ancii 


Rome,  Aug:  10.  Our  seci-etary  of  f.aic  u 
enjai^t'J  :  nothing  tian  piiei  re>pect;'.g  d>e  nAMie 
of'  tlie  biisiiT^ss  j^o'yig  foP'.v.crd  ;  exctpi  it  be  .some 
]ie\v  an-at^emer.ts  for  the  povernmcut  of  the  p,.pal 
ieg-;itio!i3  which  have  recentiy  rcverte.l  to  our  t)os- 
session.  At  the  residence  of  the  ex-consul  of  Na- 
ples, or  mther  the  ex-ag-ent  of  Murat,  .several  books 
of  frec-masoiuy  and  secret  societies  were  f  )und, 
which  were  ordered  !o  be  burnt  by  the  public  execution- 
er. Louis  Bonap -rle  makes  several  visits  to  the  car- 
dinal secreraiy  of  state,  ror  tlie  purpo.^e,  it  is  sup- 
jioised,  of  obtaininp;'  permission  for  his  motlier  and 
a-est  of  tlie  laniily  to  leside  in  tlie  Roman  states. 

Jean's,  Sept.  26.  We  are  assured  that  some  of  the 
most  oppressive  artices  for  France  enacted  in  the 
ultimatum  of  the  allied  powers,  ai-c  modified  or 
.sup]jressed. 

The  discipline  is  very  .severe  amongst  tlie  Eng-- 
lish  troops.  Tliey  write  from  Amiens  that  a  HaVxO- 
verian  soldier  was  stiot  for  having  robbed  and  ill 
iisevi  liis  hostess. 

Sspt.  27.  It  was  believed  tliat  tliere  will  not  be  a 
treaiv  of  pe.icc,  properly  so  c.dled,  but  only  a  de- 
claration of  ail  tlie  powers  on  the  measures  necessa- 
ry to  dravi'  closer  the  cords  of  peace  and  friendship 
wliich  imite  them. 

.Savary  and  I/Al!emand  have  arrived  at  Malta, 
^vhere,  it  is  said,  they  will  be  retained  us  prisoners 
of'  7uar. 

Pariii,  Sept.  29. — We  are  assured  that  the  treaty 
^f  peace  so  strongly  desiied,  and  bo  impatiently  ex- 
]iectcd,  was  signed  this  moriiing.  Yesterday  evening 
.  there  still  remained  some  difficulties  lo  smootli 
AWay;  tiiey  originated,  it  is  sai'l,  in  England.  Tne 
Emperor  Alexander  passed  a  pai't  of  tlie  nigiit  in 
discussing  ti^.cm — in  removing  them;  and  he  has 
liad  tJse  glory  of  terminating-  die  gre;it  work  which 
j^  to  contribute  to  the  h.appiness  of  the  world.  Tiiat 
monarch  tliis  morning  quitted  tne  cnpiLal,    wliere 


csL  desire  that  no  personal  restraint  may  be  en,* 
])loyed  "than  what  sliall  be  found  necessary  fait].' 
f.iily  to  preform  the  duties,  of  whicli  tiie  adn-jiral, 
a^;  well  as  the  goveinor  of  St.  Helena,  must  never 
lose  sigiit,  namely,  tlie  perfectly  secure  deieuti:>n  (^f 
tie  person  of  general  llonap.u-ie.  Everv^  ti/n  g 
wiiich,  without  opposing  tjie  grand  objecr,  c;m  .be 
j^Tanted  as  an  indtdgeiire,  will,  his  roy.tl  highnes.-; 
is  co:ivinccd,  be  allowed  the  ge.ieral.  The  ])rinco 
regent  depends  further  on  tlie  well  known  zt-ai  aiul 
resolute  cli.u-actcr  of  sir  Geo.  Cockburn,  th.it  he 
will  noc  siifier  himself  to  be  misled  imprudently  to 
deviate  from  the  performance  of  his  duty. 

"jjxVriiuusT." 


MUMORIAl. 

Wlien  general  Cona'p..rte  Ic.ives  the  UtUerophon 
to  go  on  lioard  the  Norihuinberland,  it  will  be  Uic 
properest  moment  for  admiral  Cock'nirn  to  have 
the  eifects  e.xami.ied  wliich  general  Bonaparte  may 
have  brought  with  him. 

His  money,  Jiis  diamonds,  and  his  saleable  eifcc's 
(consequently  bills  of  exchange  also)  of  v/liattver 
kind  tliey  may  be,  must  be  delivered  up.  The  ad- 
miral will  declare  to  the  general  that  the  British 
government  bv  no  means  intends  to  coniiscaie  his 
property,  but  merely  to  t.ake  upon  itself  tlic  admi-  . 
nistration  of  iiis  eifects  to  hinderhim  using  tlieni  as 
a  means  to  promote  his  flig-ht. 

The  examination  shall  be  made  in  the  presence 
of  a  person  named  by  Monapai'te;  the  invcntoi'v  oP 
the  eftects  to  be  retained  shall  be  sidled  bv  t'jis 
person  as  weil  as  Ijy  the  rear  .admiral,  or  by  the  per- 
son M'iiom  he  shall  appoint  to  draw  up  tiie  inven- 
tory. 

The  interest  or  t!ie  princip.il  (?ccording  as  his  pro- 
perty is  more  or  less  considerable)  shall  be  applied 
to  his  support,  and  in  this  respect  the  princifLd  ar- 
rangements to  be  left  to  iiim. 

For  tliis  reason  he  can,  from  time  to  time,  siy-itiiV 


he  has  left  beiiiiid  him  the  noblest  and  most  honora-jhis  wisliesj,to  tiic  admiral  till  tliearriv.il  of  the  new 
blc  recollections. — Ga-elte  de  France. 

London,  Sept.  28. — The  Morning  Chronicle  asserts 
that  the  emperor  Alex'iuder,  in  disphiyiug  an  ai-my 
of  172,000  infantry  and  26,000  c.ivairy  declares,  he 
will  support  France  ag.»insL  .any  unjust  demands. 
The  most  intimate  hafmony  subsists  between  the 
cabinets  of  St.  Fecersbiu-g  and  Tiiuiiieries. 

Lc/Tidjn,  Sept.  26. — The  Prussian  coinmandant  at 
r.u"is,  baron  IMuffing-,  has  published,  tliat  until  the 
m'.irderer  of  Kean,  an  Eiigiishman,  was  discovered, 
he  should  levy  a  daily  contrlbutjon  of  2000  francs 
Oil  the  citizens  of  the  Co'.il.;vards  of  Cobientz. 

[Kean  whs  an  army  contractor.  He  Jiad  an  amour; 
and  afterwards  dismissed  his  mistress,  v.'ho  threat- 
ened to  be  revenged.  His  body  was  found  pierced 
with  a  sword.] 

Oct'jbcr  2.— Price    of  S^ocbs.—Jled'Aczd,    shut- 
Cons,  money  57    11-34 — for  ace.  57  13-48  ; — 4  pr. 
Cent,  siuit — 5  p.  Cent.  35  11-84 — Bonds  6s.  7s.  dis.  ; 
Omn.  7  53-84  pre. — do.  pav.  7  37-13  pr. 
BOMAP.VllTE. 
[From  tlie  I.ojuIopi  Ootiner.] 

in  -finch 
iirjiutparte  is  to  he  treated. 
iettfr  from  earl  Batliurst,  secrt/f-.irj'  of  state,  to  tlie  Iiirils  of  tlie 
aJfiiiraky. 
"  Do-L'iiimy-.itreet,  Jidii  30,  1815. 
"?.Ir  Lo;ii) — I  wish   your   lordships   to  .liave  t!ie 
goodness  to  communicate  to  rcav-.ulmiral  sir  (^^.■o. 


g'overnorof  St.  Helena,  and  after w.ards  to  the  latter; 
and  if  an  objection  is  to  be  made  to  ins  proposal,  the 
admiral  or  tlie  governor  can  give  the  neces.-niry  d"- 
ders,  and.  the  disbursement  will  be  paid  by  bills  on 
ills  majesty's  treasury. 

In  case  of  death  he  can  dispose  of  his  pronerty  hy 
a  last  will,  and  be  assured  that  tiie  contents  ofhi> 
testament  shall  be  faithfully  executed. 

.\s  an  attempt  might  be  made  to  miike  a  part  of 
ills  property  pass  for  tlie  property  of  the  pers'jns  of 
his  suite,  it  must  be  .signified  that  tlie  property  c;f 
nis  .attendants  is  subject  to  the  same  regulations. 

The  disposal  of  tlie  troops  left  to  guard  him  must 
be  left  to  tiie  g-overnor. 

Tiie  latter,  however,  has  received  a  notice,  in  tlie 
c.isc  which  will  be  liere.tfter  mentioned,  to  act  ac 
cording  to  tiie  desire  of  the  admiral. 

The  general  must  constant!}' be  attended  by  a 
of^cer  ajipointf-d  l)y  the  adn^ircl,  or  if  the  case  oc 
curs,  by  the  governor.     If  tl.e  general  is  allowed  to 
go  out  of  t'!:e  hounds  v/iiere  the  sentinels  are  ]>]■>.- 
c.:d,  an  orderly  man  at  least  must  accompany  tiio 
oliicer. 

When  .ships  arrive,  and  as  long  as  tiiey  are  i'l 
sight,  the  general  remains  confined  to  the  iitaits 
v,?here  the  senth.els  are  pl.iced.  RiU'ing  this  ti'-ne 
■lU  communication  with  tiieiniiabitants  is  f  »rbid.Je!i. 
Kis  companions  in  St.  He;*;ia  are  s-j.bject  during  tliis 
time  to  the  same  rules  and  must  remain  witli  lii  n 
it  other  times  it  is  left  to  the  judgment  of  the  a<!- 

the  necessary  ieg-au-, 

must  be  signified  (u  Lu- 

lish  o+ficcr:;  a  mission  of  .so  much  importance,  fcets  |  genera!,  that  if  lie  mr.kes  any  attempt  to  ^y,  he  wiu 


Interesting  documents  reUuive  to  the  manner 


Cockburn,  a  copy  of  the  fellowing  memorial,  wide!'. 

js  to  serve  him  by  way  of  instruction,  to  direct  Ids 

conduct    while   general  Bonap.irte  remains  under!  miral  or  governor  to  m:ike 

liis>c;'.re.     The  prince  regent,  in  confiding  to  Eng-tions  concerning- them.     It  v 


t,hat  it  is  unnecessary  to  expres.s  to  tjjein  hig  cs,^iV-i  ti:e;i  be  put  tmder  cloS'^  ccniiaQmcnt,  r.id  it  mu»t  be 


n2 


*t> 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1816. 


notified  to  his  attendants,  that  if  it  should  be  found 
that  they  are  plotting  to  prepar-e  the  general's  flight, 
they  shall  be  separated  from  him,  asd  put  under 
close  confiiitment. 

All  letters  addressed  to  the  general  or  to  persons 
in  his  suite,  must  be  delivered  to  the  admiral  or 
governor,  wlio  will  read  them  l?cfore  he  suffers 
tjiem  to  be  delivered  to  those  to  wliom  they  are 
addressed.  Letters  written  by  the  general  or  his 
tsuite,  are  subject  to  the  same  rule. 

No  letter  that  does  not  come  to  St.  Helena 
through  the  secretary  of  state,  must  be  commu- 
nicated to  the  general  or  his  atteiulants,  if  it  is 
xvritten  by  a  person  not  living  in  the  island.  All 
their  letters  addressed  to  persons  not  living  in  the 
island,  must  go  imder  the  eover  of  the  secretary  of 
state, 

It  will  be  clearly  expressed  to  the  gentlemen 
that  the  governor  and  admiral  Iwive  precise  orders 
to  infcrm  his  majesty's  government  of  all  the  wislies 
and  representations  which  the  generftl  may  desire 
to  address  to  ii;  in  this  respect  they  need  not  use 
any  precaution.  But  the  paper  on  which  such 
request  cr  representation  is  written  must  be  com- 
jnunicated  to  them  open,  that  tliey  may  both  read 
jt,  :md  when  they  send  it  accompany  it  with  such 
observations  as  they  may  judge  necessary. 

Till  the  arrival  of  the  new  governor,  the  admiral 
must  be  considered  as  entirely  responsibk;  for  the 
person  ofgeneral  Bonaparte,  and  his  majesty  has  no 
doubt  of  tlie  inclination  of  the  present  governor  to 
concur  with  the  admiral  fur  this  purpose.  The  ad- 
miral has  full  power  to  retain  the  general  on  board 
}ih  .sliip  or  to  convey  him  on  board  again,  when,  in 
liis  opinion,  secure  detention  of  his  person  cannot 
he  otherwise  effected.  \Vlien  the  admiral  arrives 
at  St.  Helena,  the  governor  will  upon  his  represen- 
tation, adopt  measures  tor  sending-  iinraediatcly  to 
England,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  orvthe  East  In- 
dies, such  officers,  or  other  persons,  in  the  military 
corps  of  St.  Helena,  as  the  admiral,  eitlier  because 
they  are  foreigners,  or  on  account  of  their  chai-acter 
cr  distiuciion,  shall  think  it  advisable  to  dismiss 
from  the  military  service  in  St.  Helena. 

If  there  are  strangers  in  the  island  »hose  resi- 
tlence  in  the  country  shall  seem  to  be  with  a  view 
oT  becoming  in.sirumental  to  the  flight  of  general 
Bonaparte,  he  mr.st  take  measures  to  remove  them. 
The  whole  coast  of  the  island,  and  all  siiips  and 
iDoats  that  visit  it  are  placed  under  the  mrvciUancc 
of  the  admiral,  He  fixes  the  places  whicli  the  boats 
may  vLsit,  and  the  government  will  send  a  sufficient 
guard  to  trie  points  where  tlte  admiral  sliall  consider 
this  precaution  as  necessary. 

The  adnural  will  adopt  the  most  vigorous  mea- 
siu-es  to  walch  over  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
every  ship,  and  to  prevent  all  communication  with 
the  coast,  except  such  as  he  shall  allow. 

Orders  will  be  issued  to  prevt-nt,  after  ;v^ertaln 
necessurv  i.iterval,  any  foreign  or  mercanlile  vessel 
to  go  in  future  to  St.  Helena, 

If  the  general  should  be  seized  with  serious 
illness  tiie  admiral  and  the  governor  will  each  name 
a  physician  who  enjoys  their  confidence,  in  order  to 
attend  the  general  in  coninum  with  his  own  pliysi- 
cian;  they  will  give  them  strict  orders  to  give  in 
every  day  a  report  on  the  state  of  his  health.  In 
case  of  Ills  death,  tlie  Hdmiral  will  give  orders  to 
convey  his  body  to  Enghuul, 

Given  at  the  war  office,  .July  23,  1815. 

Opi'intig  of  the  sesdons  of  the  two  cluimoers. 
RovAL  siTTi>'(v,  OF  OCT.  7,  1815. — I'iic  members  of 
the  chamber  of  peers  and  the  deputies  of  the  de 
'  py^tments,  in  the  habits  of  their  new  costume,  oc 


cupied  at  an  early  hour  the  places  assigned  thetn 

At  11  o'clock  the  kins'  of  Prussia,  dressed  as  a 
plain  individual,  without  any  decoration  and  witn 
verytfew  attendants,  entered  the  tribune,  which  he 
had  "himself  selected  in  the  upper  galleries,  and 
most  retired  part  of  the  hall. 

A  tribime  had  been  prepared  in  front  of  the  throne 
for  the  ducliess  of  Angeuleme;  but  as  her  royal  higli- 
ness  could  not  assist  at  the  ceremony,  the  seats 
were  witlidrawn. 

The  prince  royal  of  Bavaria,  and  tlie  prhicipal 
generals  of  tlie  allies  occupied  the  tribune  reserv- 
ed for  the  diploma.tic  corps. 

Ata  quarter  past  noon  salutes  of  artillery  announc- 
ed the  departure  of  the  procession,  which  arrived 
in  about  an  hour.  The  king"  was  received  at  tlie 
head  of  the  grand  Stair  case  by  M.  Cothard,  elde.st 
president,  the  secretaries  and  assistants,  and  by  a 
deputation  from  each  chamber. 

Having  rested  a  short  time  in  an  adjoining  saloon. 
Ills  majesty  entered  the  hall,  preceded  by  the  herald? 
at  :u-ms,  tlie  ministers  of  his  houseliold,  and  the 
marshals  of  France — Tlie  mhnsters  of  the  jiortfolio 
and  of  state  having  previously  taken  their  places. 
The  prince  Talleyrand,  grand  cham.berlain,  continu- 
ed near  the  king,  who  had  on  hie  right  his  royal 
liigliness  tlic  count  D'Artois,  the  duke  de  Berry, 
and  the  prince  of  Conde,  and  on  his  left  the  duke 
d'Angouleme  and  the  duke  of  Orleans — M.  Darn- 
bray,  the  chancellor,  placed  himself  on  a  seat  to  the 
left  of  tlie  tlirone. 

The  members  of  the  two  chambers  and  the  spec- 
tators rose  with  repeated  shouts  of"  live  the  kingl 
live  the  Bourbons  !"  All  contintied  standing  while 
the  speech  was  delivered  jjy  tlie  khig,  covered  and 
seated — his  majesty  expressing  himself  in  the  fol- 
lowing terms: — 

Gkntlemen — Wlien,  last  year,  ?ov  the  first  tim?, 
I  convoked  these  Chambers,  I  felicitated  myself  in 
having,  by  an  honorable  treaty,  restored  peace  to 
France. 

She  began  to  taste  of  the  fruits,  wliich  all  the 
sources  of  prosperity,  again  opened,  had  produc- 
ed. 

A  criminal  enterprize,  seconded  by  the  most  in- 
conceivable defection,  arrested  its  course. 

Tiie  evils  which  th.it  ephemeral  usurpation  has 
occasioned  to  our  country,  have  deeply  afflicted  me 
— but  I  must  here  declare,  that  cqidd  they  have  af- 
fected none  but  myself,  I  would  have  blessed  the 
disjiensation  of  Providence, 

[His  Mnjesty  was  here  interrupted  by  acclama- 
tions of  "]>ive  the  King,"  and  a  general  movement 
of  the  assembly.] 

The  proofs  of  affection,  which  my  people  have  giv- 
en me  in  the  most  critical  moments,  have  solaced 
all  my  personal  sufferings  ;  but  tliose  of  my  subjects 
oppress  my  heart. 

And  to  terminate  this  state  of  uncertainty,  more 
grievous  than  war  itself,  I  liave  deemed  it  proper  to 
conclude  with  the  powers,  who  having  overthrowTi 
tlie  Usiu'pcr,  now  occupy  a  large  portion  of  our  ter- 
ritory, a  convention  wliich  regulates  our  present  and 
future  relations  with  them. 

This  Convention  will  be  communicated  to  you, 
witliout  restriction,  as  soon  as  it  shall  have  passed 
its  last  form. 

You  know,  gentlemen,  all  France  will  know 
the  deep  sensaiions  whicli  I  have  felt  ;  (here  his 
Majesty  manifested  an  emotion  wliich  was  commu- 
uiciited  to  the  assembly)  but  the  safety  of  m}' king- 
dom required  tJiis  great  determination,  and  having; 
taken  it,  t  feel  the  duties  which  it  imposes. 

I  have  this  year  decreed,  that  a  considerable  por- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— RIGHT  OF  SUFFRAGE. 


•tlon 'of  my  civil  list  shall  be  yielded   to   the    crea- 
'sury  of  the  state — and  my  family,    iiifoi'med  of  iViC 

decision,  liavc  offered  me  a  proportionate  gift. 

(Grateful  emotions.) 

I  have  directed  similar  diminutions  of  the  pay 
and  expenses  of  all  my  servunts,  without  excep- 
tion. 

I  shall  at  all  times  he  prepared  to  share  in  the 
■sn.crifjces,  which  imperious  circumstances  may  im- 
pose on  my  people. 

The  statements  will  be  |ilaced  before  you,  and 
vou  will  know  the  importance  of  the  economy,  wliich 
i  have  ordered  in  all  the  departments  of  my  mhiis- 
ters,  and  in  eveiy  branch  of  the  administration. 

Happy,  if  those  measures  could  meet  the  charg-es 
of  the  state.  In  every  result  I  calculate  on  tJie  de- 
votion of  the  nation  and  the  zeal  of  the  two  ciiam- 
bcrs. 

But,  Gentlemen,  otlier  cares,  mo.e  agreeable,  and 
not  less  miportant,  convene  }'ou  to-day.  It  is  to 
give  greater  weigiit  to  your  deliberations,  and  to 
increase  my  own  information,  that  1  have  created 
new  peers,  and  that  the  number  of  deputies  from 
the  departments  has  been  augmented. 

I  trust  I  have  been  successful  in  my  selections — 
and  tlie  zeal  of  the  deputies,  in  tliose  dlfficidt  con- 
jujictures,  is  an  additional  proof  that  tliey  are  aiw- 
jnatedwith  a  sincere  attaciiment  to  myi>ersoii,  and 
an  ardent  love  of  country. 

It  is,  then,  with  grateful  joy  and  complete  confi- 
dence that  I  behold  you  assembled  around  me;  as- 
sui'ed  that  you  will  never  lose  siglit  of  tiie  funda- 
mental bases  of  the  happiness  of  tlie  state,  fi-ank 
and  loyal  union  of  the  chambers  with  the  king,  and 
rest)ect  fjr  the  constitutional  charter. 

That  charter,  which  I  have  carefully  meditated 
before  I  gave  it,  to  v.nich  reflection  daily  increases 
my  attacimient,  which  I  have  sworn  to  maintain, 
and  to  which  you,  commencing  wiili  my  family,  are 
about  to  sv.'ear  obedience,  is,  witliout  dotdjt,  like 
all  other  human  uistitutions,  susceptible  of  improve- 
;Tieut;  but  we  should  never  forget,  that,  connected 
r/ith  the  advantage  of  amelioration,  is  tiie  danger 
of  innovation. 

Many  other  important  objects  present  themselves 
to  our  labor. 

To  cause  religion  to  re-flourisli — to  purifv  the 
morals,  to  establish  libei-ty  on  respect  for  the  laws; 
and  to  render  them  more  and  more  analagous  to 
these  gTeat  views;  to  give  stability  to  credit;  to  re- 
compose  the  army;  to  heal  the  wounds  whicii  have 
lacerated  tlie  bosom  of  our  country;  finally,  to  as- 
sure internal  tranquility,  and  thence  to  produce 
respect  for  France  from  abroad — these  are  the 
great  objects  to  v.hich  all  our  efibrts  should  be  di- 
rected. 

I  cannot  flatter  myself  that  so  much  can  be  ac- 
complished in  one  session;  but  if,  at  the  close  of 
the  present  legislature,  it  shall  appear  that  we 
have  approached  these  great  ends,  we  sliail  have 
cause  of  satisfaction  with  our  own  endeavors. 

1  shall  spare  nothing  to  attani  this  residt;  and  to 
reach  it,  I  calculate,  gentlemen,  on  your  most  ac- 
tive co-operation." 

Renewed  plaudits  and  shouts  of  "live  the  king! 
live  the  Bourbons!"  testified  to  his  majesty  the 
unanimous  sentiment  of  the  two  chambers,  in  wliicli 
the  spectators  were  permitted  to  mingle  the  lively 
expression  of  their  vows. 

The  king  invited  the  peers  to  be  seated,  ar.d  the 
same  request  was  transmitied  to  the  deputies  by 
tlie  cliancellor.  The  princes  took  theoatliin  these 
tcrnis,  and  repeating  successively  the  formula: 

"J.svy'eyr  to!)C  faithful  to  ti^e  king,  to  obey  the 


213 

king. 


constitutional    ch.-'.rter  and    the  laws  of  the 
dom." 

It  was  impossible,  without  interest,  to  hear  t!ie 
respectable  prince  of  Concle  pronotuice  tliis  oath, 
with  the  effusion  of  a  profound  sensibilify. 

The  new  peers  and  all  the  deputies  took  the  sar.io. 
oath,  with  this  addition  for  the  upper  ciiamber — 
";uid  to  conduct  myself  as  becomes  a  good  and  loy- 
al ])eer  of  France;"  and  for  the  lower  chamber,  "as 
becomes  a  good  and  loyal  deputy." 

Tliis  ceremony  wsis  interrupteel  for  a  moment  by 
a  remarkable  incident.  AVe  believe  we  heard  o;ie 
of  the  peers,  M.  de  la  Bourdonnaye  Blossac  add  to 
tlie  pi-escribed  obligation,  except  what  concerns  Ua-t 
i>}tlt')Uc   reiiirion. 

Oi'e  of  the  deputies  of  Tarn,  M.  Dom.igrion,  said, 
"before  taking  the  oath,  I  ask  of  my  lord  the  king, 
permission." 

A  movement  of  surprise  manifested  Itself  in  tlie 
assembly.  The  duke  de  Richelieu  having  received 
the  order  of  the  king,  said 

According  to  the  immemorial  usage  of  the  mo- 
na«x;'  ■,  I'O  .n-,  in  a  similar  ceremcrny,  can  speak 
wi'.hout  the  express  permission  of  the  king.  Tlie 
kingdirects  that  the  ceremou}^  proceed. 

M.  Doroignon  only  said  "I  sv/ear."*  The  chancel- 
lor, after  the  oatlis  were  taken,  said 

By  order  of  the  king,  the  session  is  declared  to 
be  opened.  The  peers  ami  the  deputies  are  invited 
to  repair  on  Mondaj'  next  to  their  respective  cham- 
bers to  c(jmmence  their  sitting's. 

The  assembly  sejiarated  to  the  cries  of  "live  tiie 
king!"  and  his  majesty  was  re-conducted  with  the 
usual  ceremonv. 


TaUeurand,  though  dismissed  from  the  tninls'ry, 
appears  still  to  be  really  at  the  head  of  aflkirs  in 
France. 

At  Gibraltar,  Oct.  7,  Spanish  accounts  had  been 
received,  which  stated  that  in  tiiree  of  tlie  iiiost 
populous  provinces  in  Spain,  the  revolutionists  had 
collected  a  force  of  25  or  30,000  men,  and  tjiat  e-en. 
Mina  was  -to  return  from  France  to  take  the  com- 
mand. At  -Vlalug-a  it  was  reported  that  Austria  had 
declaimed  war  against  Spain. Columbiau. 

liy  a  gentleman  just  arrived  in  the  mail  stage,  who 
left  tiie  ship  Fair  Trader  below,  we  learn  that  the 
insurrection  in  Spain  had  been  suppressed,  and  the 
leader,  Porlier,  who  Was  betrayed  by  hi^  followers, 
had  been  shot.- 


-Phila.  Re^^. 


Riu'lit  of  Suffrao;c. 

rnOM    THE    GLOUfiKTOWN    ii XVA.TT7,. 

LAW  INTELLIGF.N'CF..  South- CaroUnu,  Georgeion'u 

JHslrict — Fall  Term,  1S15.) 
The  State  u?.  Fargues  McUoweli,  gaoler  of  George- 
town district — tried  before  his  honor 
.liuliife  Nott. 
This  v/as  an  indictment  upon  the  following  clause 
of  the  11th  section  of  the  elcctio;i  law,  A.  D.  1721, 
Brevard's  digest,  vol.  1st,  page  276.     "If  any  pci- 
son  or  ]jersons  whatsoever,  shall  on  any  day  appoint- 
ed for  the  election  of  a  member  of  the  commons 
house  of  assembly  as  aforesaid,  presume  to    violate 
the  freedom  of  the  said  election,  by  any  arrest,  me- 
naces or  threats,  endeavor  or  attempt  to  overawe, 
fright  or  force  any  person  qualitied  to  vote,  ag-aiiist 
his  inclination  or  conscience;  or  otherwise   by  bri- 
bery obtain  any  vote,  or  who  shall,  after  the  said 

*It  is  said  that  M.  Domignon  is  a  protestant,  and 
only  meant  to  say,  "excepting  what  concerns  jxl:- 
.rion.'-' 


2]^    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1815. 


election  Is  over,  menace,  despiteftilly  use  or  abuse 
anv  person  because  iie  hatli  not  voted  as  lie  or 
tlievv.'oald  liavc  had  him;  every  such  ])evson  so  of- 
fendinSTi  upon  due  and  sufficieni  proof  made  of  such 
his  violence  or  abuse,  menacing  or  tlu'eateiung-,  be- 
fore any  two  justices  of  the  peace,  shall  be  bound 
over  to  the  next  genera!  sessions  of  the  peace,  him- 
self \n  501.  current  money  of  this  provinca,  and  two 
sureties,  eacli  in  2.>/.  of  like  money,  and  to  be  of 
rood  behavior,  and  abide  the  sentence  of  the  said 
court,  where,  if  tlie  oHeiuler  or  offenders  are  com 
victed  cr  found  guilty  of  such  oifence  or  offences 
TVS  aforesaid,  then  he  or  L4iey  shall  each  of  them 
f^irfeit  the  s>mi  of  501.  current  money  of  this  pro- 
vince, and  be  committed  to  g.;ol  without  bail  or 
Kiainprise,  till  the  sum  be  paid." 

The  indictment  stated  "that  Favgues  M-Do\vell, 
on  the  lOdi  of  October,  A.  i).  1314,  with  force  and 
arms  at  Georgetown,  in  the  district  and  state  afoi  c 
said,  at  an  election  then  and  there  holden,  under  and 
by  virtue  of  the  constitution  of  the  said  state,  foi- 
cite  senator  and  four  representatives  uiid  members 
of  the  general  assembly  of  tlie  said  state  to  repre- 
sent the  election  district  of  Winyaw  in  the  said 
state,  the  said  lOUi  of  October  being  a  day  duh 
5tpj)ointed  for  holding  the  said  election,  did  pre- 
sume to  violate  the  freedom  of  the  said  election  by 
iirrest,  menaces  and  tlu-eats;  and  that  the  said  I'ar- 
f^ues  McDowell  did  tlien  and  tiiere,  by  arrest,  me- 
naces and  threats,  endeavor  and  attempt  to  menace, 
fright  and  force  a  certain  Jacob  II.  Parker  (the 
said  Jacob  R.  Parlzer  being  then  and  there  duly 
.qualified  to  vote  for  the  said  senator  and  reprcsen 
tatives  and  members  of  the  said  general  assembly) 
to  vote  against  the  inclination  and  conscience  of 
}iim  the  said  Jacob  li.  Parker,  to  the  evil  example 
of  all  perr,ons  in  the  like  case  of  offending,  against 
tlie  act  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  tiien  province, 
now  state  of  South  Carolina,  in  such  ci'.se  made  and 
provided,  and  again.st  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the 
same  state  aforesaid.", 

The  evidence  additced  by  tlie  state  proved,  tliat 
Jacob  II.  Parlcer  was  convicted  of  an  oHer.cc  tlic 
pievious  term,  and  that  a  motion  for  a  new  trial 
-was  made,  and  tiie  prisoner  remanded  to  gaol,  with 
an  order  of  cctirt  that  he  should  be  bailed  luiiil  his 
mol  ior,  war,  det crmined.  Parker  not  jiavjng  obtained 
bail,  M'Dowell  permitted  lam  to  go  at  large  with  a 
promise  that  he  siijidd  be  subjuct  to  his  controul. 
'i'iie  prisoner  hiul,  frequently  duidng  such  license, 
driven  the  mail  stage  a  considerable  distance  from 
tov.n  and  had  generally  lived  with  his  family  out  of 
the  gaol  and  conducted  himself  according  to  ins 
own  Will  until  the  morning  of  tlie  Election,  when 
McDowell  sent  for  him  and  reprimanded  Dim  for 
having  gone  the  preceding  eveiung  a  few  miles  with 
a  letter  for  one  of  the  candidates  v.-ho  was  obnoxi- 
otid  to  him.  After  this  preliminary  conversation 
the  g-aoler  inteiTogated  him  as  to  the  manner  i!i 
widen  he  intended  to  vote,  arid  finding  tliat  tlie 
obnoxious  candidate  was  one  of  las  favorites,  he 
rentonsti-atcd  with  him  on  the  impropriety  of  such 
a  vote;  finding  tliat  Parker  was  determined  to  vctc 
for  that  g-cntleman,  he  resorted  to  the  power  of  Ids 
oifice,  and  threatened  to  confine  him  if  he  voted  for 

]Vri- .     He  v.-as  liurrying  tiie  prisor.cr  to  g'aoi 

when  several  gentlemen  came  up  and  remonstraicd 
with  liim  on  (he  illegality  cf  hi.;  cond\ict.  All  was 
unavailing  and  the  miiiappy  victim  was  committed 
to  prison  in  spite  of  the  constitution  and  laws  of  ids 
countr}-.  A  party  of  gentlemen,  som.etime  afier- 
wards  waited  on  the  defendant,  and  ag.un  i.it'orm- 
cd  liim  of  the  heiaiousncs.'?  of  his  oifeuQC — he  was 


inllexible,  and  Parker  remained  his  prisonci-  until 
the  ensuing  morning-,  when  he  wns  b;Jled. 

The  attorney  gt-n.eral,  v.idi  the  '.varnivh  ..nd  energy 
of  the  patriot,  the  inlediLrence  of  the  statesman  and 
the  lawyer,  pourtrayed  in  glowing-  and  correct  colors 
the  enormity  of  the  transacvion.  1  he  defence  set 
up  by  flobert  A.  T.iyior,  esq.  was,  the  ignorance  of 
tlie  defendant,  the  Inunanity  of  his  previous  conduct, 
and  the  violation  of  the  prisoner's  parole  of  lionor., 
c;)ncludir,g  witii  an  eloque  -t  appeal  to  the  jua-y  not 
to  minister  at  tho  altar  of  fiction  by  surrendering 
his  client  a  victim  to  the  prosecution.  His  honor 
judge  Nott,  in  a  luminous  and  concise  c'iarge  ex- 
plained the  law  and  evidence  to  tlie  jury,  and.eoni- 
meuted  upon  the  impoitance  of  preserving  inviolate 
the  elective  francliise,  by  punisning  the  first  at- 
lempts  made  against  its  purity.  Tl^e  jury  retired 
and  in  a  i'ew  minutes  returned  a  verdict  of  e«/,v^/. 

Ciil^.ONKLE. 

Among  those  who  visited  fien.  Jackson  at  J.imch- 
hiirg,  was  Th'jinas  Je^^nrson,  wiio  partook  of  a  splen- 
did entertainment  g-iven  to  the  hero,  by  the  corpo- 
ration of  that  to v.m,  of  which  nearly  3o6  gentlemen 
were  present.  The  general's  lady  is  witii  liim,  to 
wl-.cni,  also,  due  respect  was  paid  by  the  ladies  of 
tiie  place. 

Mr.  ■fc'J"erso»''s  toast,  at  the  dinner-pavtv,  was  in 
the  following  beautiful  terms  : — "Honor  aiul  grati- 
tude to  those  who  have  filled  the  meusiu-e  of  thej-^- 
country's  honor." 

Gen.  Jackson  toasted  ^Iv.  Monroe  as  Secretai^  at^ 
War. 

Hii^rar  Clav  v/as  elected  to  congress  before  his 
return  from  Ghent.  Some  doubts  having  arisen, 
whetlier  lie  could  at  that  time  be  legally  elected  a 
representative  of  the  people,  a  new  election  was 
ordered,  and  he  has  been  unanimously  chosen. 

Accedhi^  banks.  Amoitg  the  l)anks  that  acceded 
to  the  proposition  of  the  secretaj-y  of  tlic  treus-a-rv, 
was  tlie  farmers  and  Mechanics  bank  of  Cincimiu'ti^ 
".•hose  name  v.-as  not  given  in  the  list,  by  the  acqi- 
dental  delay  in  the  transmission  of  its  prompt  assent 
to  the  treasur)-  department. 

The  PE-icr.  establishment.  An  able  writer  in  the 
Jioslon  Pntnul,  has  commenced  a  scries  of  essays 
addressed  to  Jlcnri/CUnj,  respecting  the  peace  esta- 
blishment of  the  army.  He  points  out  with  g-reat 
enu'gy  the  disadvantages  we  suiFered  at  tlie  coni' 
menccmcnt  of  the  last  war,  andi  shew  s  us  that  like 
causes  v.iU produce  like  ed'ecls  in  their  operation. 
To  guard  agaiiwst  that  apathy  and  inertness  tliat 
must  grow  up  in  a  mere  routine  of  garrison  duty, 
and  keep  up  the  espirit  dn  corps,  he  proposes  some 
increase  of  the  army,  with  the  fonmuion  of  camps 
of  instruction,  and  the  employment  of  the  soldiers 
on  military  roads,  fortresses,  &c.  The  piddic,  at» 
large,  we  believe,  has  sincerely  deplored  the  too 
great  economy  of  tiie  last  congress,  and  there  seems 
a  general  disposition  "to  correct  the  procediu-e." 

/^ennsijtvavi'.'  chction.  Our  corresj)ondcnt  atHar- 
risbtirg  requests  us  to  correct  an  error  in  the  state- 
ment he  sent  us,  shewing  the  strengtii  of  partie.s  in 
tlie  legislature  of  Pennsylvania.  Tiie  1/ouse  of  re- 
presentatives consists  of  71  rep.  and  26  fed.  tlie 
sc;iateof20  rep.  and  11  fed.  making  a  juhit  majo 
riiy  of  jj,  inste:ixL  of  66,  as  stated'before. 

TiiE  FtoninAS.  It  seems  a  matter  of  certainty 
tliat  the  Floridas  have  been  ceded  to  Great  Jh-itaiu, 
and  Ave  arc  sorn' for  it;  for  we  can  see  in  the  posses- 
sion of  tlici^hy  ihat  power  noi/ihig- I'ke  th:ui  a  pre- 
paration for  some  r.e'iv  quarrel  v.dtli^  the  United 
btatea.     The  part  tiat  Spam  held    was  i^arren  and 


KILES  WEEKLY  REGISTER^  ClIllONICLE. 


215 


■4«ipro"t.ibl?,  and  can  be  of  no  service  to  Britain  ex- 
cept to  Torni  a  rallyintj  l><)int  fjr  t!,c  suva-es  she 
3-nav  enlist  a^-ainst  us;  v/iiicli  will,  probably,  .cad  to 
<lie  utter  extinction  of  tlie  Crcels^^.  Rut  wiiat  dne.i 
Britain  care  for  that?     Havoc  is  her  holiday  ai^nuse 

mcnt. 

Thk  CaEEiis.     Extract  of  a  letter  from  a  fventle- 

nvni  at  tiie  Creek  Ag-encv,  toliis  u-iend  in  Milleclg-e- 

v'lllc,  dated  Oct.  27,  V'A5: 

The  price  of  American  stocks  ki  Eng'iand  is  snid 
to  li  ive  been  as  low  as  85— this  may  be  stock-job- 
bing-. 

f?We  h.ive  travellers  p.assing  daily,  'and  tlieir  re- 
port is,  tliat  the  Indians  are  as  f,-iei-.dly  as  they  ever 
saw  tiiem.  A  Cus.=;etau  chief  was  here  to-day.  He 
came  foi-  tlie  ex])ress  purpose  of  infiH-ming'  ]Mrs. 
Hawkins,   tiiat  two  Seminole  Indians  had  come  up 


'^quipped  for  a  six  month's  tour  of  duty,  according" 
to  the  requisition  op  g-cneral  Gaines. 

[We  Iiave  reason  to  believe  tiuit  I'nis  detachment 
will  have  no  duty  to  perform,  th.in  to  be  in  readi- 
ness.] 

The  Barbarij  /;ow«n<r.  The  p^rand  Seig'nor  des- 
patched one  of  his  aj^as  to  Turds  and  Algiers,  cnm^ 
mandins;'  'i-eir  s^overnments  in  the  most  pointed 
lerms,  to  respect  t'le  ./^f^f'/vwi flag',  wliicli  they  pre- 
mised (o  do.  V«''chada  better  wct/.'a'or  v\ith  these 
powers.  Ti'.e  fact  shews  that  some  detjree  ofre- 
snect  is  paid  to  the  Ottoman  Porte.  The  emperor  of 
JFororco,  it  is  said,  has  dechired  war  ag-ainst  Russia, 
Frussij.  and  Naples.  Tripoli  has  made  v/ar  upon 
the  Danes,  and  captured  several  vessels. 

".4  dipt'evy  frick.'"  When  the  Britisli  evacuated 
foi'tfJ'ii.ii'avf!,  they  cut  away  t!ie  hanlyards  and  Kte])s 
.«.nd  !>reascd  the  flag- staff,  so  as   to  prevent  tlie  A- 


to  let  them  know  that  it  wiis  all  peace  ami  ft-ien(i-|;^^^„|^,,^'"j4      from' bein't^  immediately  raised.    They 
shio  thvougiiout  th.eir  land— taut  they  iiad  been  as-  "  -     ^  .-  . 


sistinj  the  British  till  the  white  people  had  taJcen 
all  tlieir  jand- and  had  it  not  been  for  that,  they 
mi(;ht  have  !uid  it  yet.  They  now  say  they  iiavc 
thrown  down  Hieir  arms,  and  if  tJie  llritish  wish  >o 
fight  those  eng-ag-ed  in  running-  the  ivne,  they  mi;;ii'; 
jdo  it  themselves — th;it  they  were  tired  and  sick  of 
"w; 


A  Sieam-b'jat,  to  p1y  lietween  New  London  and 
New  Haven,  has  been'cantractcd  ibr — tlius  complet- 
ing-a  line  of  sto.im-hoals  (with  two  short  jiortafxcs) 
from  New  London  to  Baltimore.  ^Ve  sh.dl  soon 
have  the-.n  all  along-  the  coast;  and  direct,  from 
ports  the  most  distant,  to  oUiers. 

"More  of  hjfftinmc;!." — Manyof  c!ir  royal  editors 
who  talk  of  ''/w"s  majesty's"  ships  lieing-  nt  sea,  &c, 
j^ive  us  further  evidence  of  their  "legitimacy"  by 

smtcnces  like  this— "7%e  Sp.inish  ship -,  was 

ufi tsBYA)" of  h'sr  pro-dsions  aii.I  c/mrts  l/ij  oCarthag-cnir.n 
pr IT  at  f  er. "'  WiiY  rvb!i<;i'?  Carthag-cna  is  one  oftlie 
united  provinces   of  the   repablic  of  Granada,  and 
is  at  war  wltli  Spain,  just  exacviy  a,s  we  were  with 
Great  Britain  dm-ing-  our  revolution.     There  is  not 
one  shade  of  difterence — tlie  people  of  Granada  have 
solemnlvpi-oclaiined  their  independence,  as  we  did, 
and  I  pray  tney  may  support  it  as  successfully.    Are 
our  editors  prepared  vo  say  tiiat  the  prizes  we  made 
during  the  revolution  were  "robberies  ?'"     Some  of 
the  Captures   we  made,  of  arms,    ammunition  and 
clouiing-,  during  that  glorious  slrug-gle,  were  consi- 
dered by  many  of  the  great  and  good  of  that  day, 
as  special  acts  of  Providence  in  our  favor.     Let  tlie 
republicans  of  South  America  be  no  more  stigmii- 
tised  by  the  people  of  the  republic  in  the  nortli  of 
this  continent,  and  let  us  hear  no  more  about  the 
♦'robberies"  oi' Spanish  vessels  l>y  Varthag-cvian  priva- 
teers  until    prepared  to  say  that  all  wlio   took  part 
in  our  revolution  were  scoundrels.     1  h.eartily  wish 
■the  republicans   success,  and  earnestly  desire  that 
by  any  lawful  means — any  means  allowed  by  the  laws 
ofnaiions,  they  may  furce  bigotted   Spain,  govern- 
ed by  madmen  an]  fools,  to  acknowledge  them  -'free 
Bovereign  and  independent."      Every  feeling  of  our 
lieart,  as  men  or  Christians,  as  republicans  or  tra- 
ilerc,  is  interested  in  the  result  of  the  v/ar  that  is  car- 
rying- on  by  Spain  against  the  freedom  of  the  new 
>orld. 

1,  Separation  of  JMaine. — In  tlie  Eastern  Argus,  a 
Tespectuble  ])..per  printed  at  Portland,  is  commenc- 
ed v.n  examination  ot  the  polic}'  an'l  justice  of  form- 
ing the  district  of  Maine  into  a  new  and  separate 
State. 

Joseph  M'Mivn,  governor  of  Tennessee,  ordcr- 
cid,  Oct.  29,  a  thousund  riflemen  to  be  detaciied 
froin  tlie    L-t  and   ^d  divisions  of  the  iniliti.i,  and 


lid  the  same^offe  feat  at  Nev/  York  in  ITS.j.    Hfnu. 
mo.rntnr'imons  ! 

Specie.  We  hear,  (says  a  Philadelphia  paper) 
tliat  conriderable  sums  in  specie  have  been  Sent 
from  England  to  New  Orleans,  Savannali  and  Charles- 
ton for  the  purchase  ofCotton. 

Capt.  Sinclair,  of  the  navy,  is  appointed  to  the 
command  of  tlie  fiigale  Constitutien.  Bat  previous 
to  his  lakiag  ciiarge  of  tl:at  sliip  it  is  understood  ho 
is  to  su.rvcy  ForiV  river,  v.-itli  a  view  to  a  naval  dcpr,t 
and  dock  yard  to  be  est-ablished  in  its  waters — for 
v/iiich  they  are  so  happily  fitted,  as  described  in  the 
eloquent  letter  from  a  naval  oScer,  p-^iblished  in  tlie 
REi;!s-rF.u,  of  t';e  4th  inst. 

G^'r-.'-a!  JJrexun.  On  Timrsda}'  last,  (says  a  Nev,-- 
York  paper  of  xhe  ISiii  inst.)  arrived  in  the  steam 
boat,  from  New  Haven,  maj.  g-en.  Brown  and  suite, 
consisting  of  his  aids,  col.  Jo7ie.^  ;ind  maj.  Eraser,  and 


Dc'p.  Q.  M.  G.  Brcnvn.  Tiie  general  has  so  fn- com- 
plcied  a  s-a-rvey  of  tliC  rnilltary  j)osts  in  his  division, 
extending-  fiorn  tiie  Pouimac  to  :M";;'.e,  having  visit- 
ed Detroit,  Niag-ara,  Sackett's  Harbor,  (Ins  head 
quarters)  Phittsb;irgli,  Boston,  Portland,  Portti 
moutu,  Castine,  Newport,  New  London,  and  other 
posts,  amounting  to  upwards  of  forty,  and  travelled 
nearly  2,500  miles  in  his  tour.  The  warm  and  re- 
spectful attention  paid  to  this  distinguisiied  officer 
in  every  part  of  his  route,  is  no  less  gratitj.ing  to 
the  patriot  than  honorable  to  the  citizen  In  tliC 
e.;stern  states,  his  first  appearance  on  official  duty, 
has  been  welcomed  in  a  tr'ii}' gratcfal  manner.  Gen. 
B.  it  is  said,  will  remain  m  tovin  about  a  week,  or  ten 
days. 

Cor,imo.dore  Decaivr. — The  Algerincs,  Tunisians, 
and  Tripolitans  have  lieen  reduced  to  humiliating- 
terms  by  this  cliivah-ic  commander.  lie  has  g-iven 
tlicm  such  unek-rtric  shock,  as  was  never  liefore  di"-- 
ciiargedfrom  aCiiristian  batterj-.  Decatur  may  be 
termed  t;ie  "champion  of  Christendom."  Tlie 
terms  which  he  has  obtained  foi-  tlie  vindicitio-n 
of  his  country' ,s  honor,  are,  "inulcnmity  for  the  p;ist, 
and  security  for  the  future;"  he  demanded  tVon-. 
tliese  ln;rbariuns,  (who  exist  only  as  tiie  monu- 
ment of  Kr.ropoan  liisgrace)  as  .",  member  of  tlie 
Christian  family,  a  release  fro;u  sia\ei-y,  "ofCJliris- 
tian  prisoners,"  and  obtained  it.  This  is  a  glory 
which  never  encircled  th.e  Irrows  of  a  Koman  E'on- 
tiff;  nor  blazed  frcin  an  imperial  diadem. — Boston. 
Gazette. 

Naval  ornx  ?iah-:-i  at.  Sentence  of  a  court  mar-, 
tiul,  held  on  board  t'le  U.  S.  ketch  Vesn.vins,  f,n-  the 
trial  of  Kobert  Cranston,  midshipman  of  the  ITnitcl 
States  ship  Java,  on  charges  and  specifications  ex- 
Iul)ited  by  captain  O.  11.  Perry. 

On  Friday,     at    11   o'cloclc,    A.    M.    tlic    co'J^t 


216      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  26,  1815. 


met  pursuant  to  adjournment,  and  the  pvoceed-i 
i^s  read  over  in  open  court;  and  the  court  was 
then  cleared  to  deliberate  on  the  testimon}'  v.'iiicli 
had  been  delivered,  and  after  a  nxjst  candid  in- 
vestig'ation,  and  on  mature  reflection,  the  court 
was  of  o])inion,  that  part  of  the  1st  specification 
of  the  1st  charge  had  been  proved,  inasmuch  as 
it  had  been  proved  to  the  sati,sf*«ction  of  -lie  court, 
that  the  prisoner,  Robert  Cranston,  iiad  made  use  of 
reproachful  and  abusive  language  to  midsliipman 
Handy.  The  prisoner  pleading  guilty  of  tlie  2d  spe- 
cification, obviates  the  necessity  of  an  opinion  from 
the  court.  Tiae  court  is  of  opinion,  that  the  3d  spe- 
cification of  the  first  cliarge  is  fully  proved,  and  tliat 
the  4th  specification  of  tlie  said  charge  is  as  fully 
established.  The  court  does,  therefore,  find  the 
prisoner,  Robert  Cran.itoii,  guilty  of  the  1st  chai-ge. 

The  court  is  also  of  opinion,  that  tlie  specification 
of  tlie  2d  charge,  is  clearly  and  amply  proved,  and 
does  in  consequence  find  the  prisoner,  Robei't 
Cranston,  guilty  of  tl>e  2d  charge. 

The  guilt  of  the  prisoner  being'  so  clearly  esta- 
blished, and  the  oiFeiices  being  in  violation  of  the 
15th  antl  3d  articles  for  the  better  government  of 
tlie  navy  of  the  United  States,  the  court  feels  itself 
in  duty  boimd  to  sentence  the  prisoner,  Robert 
Cranston,  to  be  dismissed  from  tlie  navy  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  said  Robert  Cranston  is  there- 
fore hereby  dismissed  from  the  navy  of  the  United 
States  ;  and  tjiat  this  sentence  m^iy  operate  as  a  les- 
bon  of  admonition  to  the  young  officers  of  the  navy, 
aid  particularly  to  those  amongst  wiiom  tlie  prison- 
er has  so  long  associated,  the  court  does  :Uso  ad- 
judge that  the  sentence  be  publicly  read  on  the 
quarter  deck  of  the  United  States  frigate  Java,  and 
published  in  the  newspaper  called  the  "National 
Intelligencer,"  printed  and  published  in  the  city  of 
Wasliingtou. 

JOSEPH  BAIKBRIDGE, 

I^resident. 
SAMUEL  11  ISIARSHALL, 

Acting  Judge  Jldvocate. 
Favy  Department,  Nov.  10, 1815. 
Ap[)roved, 

B.  VI.  CROWNIXSniELD. 

j\'etL'port,J\^ov.  16.  We  announce  the  arrival  here 
of  our  gallant  squadron  from  the  iVIediterranean  un- 
der commodore  BAiis-BHinri};,  consisting  of  the 


Independence 

74 

Fii-efiy 

14 

Congress 

35 

Enterprize 

12 

Macedonian 

38 

Spark 

12 

Chippewa 

14 

S,nilfire 

12 

Saranac 

12 

Torch 

12 

Boxer 

14 

Lvnx 

12 

The  Flambeau,  13,  had  previously  arrived. 

The  fleet  stopped  some  time  in  iubrrdtar,  where 
the  gallant  commodore  reciprocated  civilities  witli 
theBi'itish  commandcr-in-ciiief,  general  Dox;  wlio, 
with  several  of  his  officers,  dined  on  board  the  Inde- 
pendence. The  American  ofllcers  were  frequently 
on  shore  at  the  rock. 

The  United  States,  44,  Constellation,  38,  wiili 
tlie  sloops  Erie  and  On.tario,  i*re  to  remain  in  the 
Mediterranean.  The  United  States  arrived  at  Ma- 
laga in  21  days  from  Boston. 

It'orcester,  Jllass.  J\'ov.  15.  On  Monday,  tlic  6th 
inst.  a  wiiite-lieaded  eagle  was  killed  in  tliis  town, 
near  l.,ond-Pond,  wliose  wings,  when  extended, 
measured  7  feet  and  10  inches. 

St.  Louh;  (I.  TJ  Oct.  28.— A  few  days  ago,  a 
ti'eaty  of  amity  and  friendship  was  concluded  here 
with  the  headmen  and  warriors  of  the  Kansas  nation 
of  Indians. 

On  the  8th  ult.  the  Indian  treaty  was  concluded 


at  Detroit,  and  signed  by  the  prinpipal  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  the  Wyandots,  Chippewa,  Ottowas,  Pola- 
wattamies,  Shavvanees,  Delawai-es,  Miamies  and  Se- 
neca nations.  It  embraces  peace  and  rex'ives  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  in  August  1795,  and  all  others 
subsecinent. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  captain  Philips,  commanding- 
at  Fort  Clark,  to  a  gentleman  in  this  place 
"  The  Potawattamies  of  this  river  with  many 
o^her  i«dians  from  the  neighboi'hood  of  Michigan 
lake  have  passed  down  and  are  daily  passing  for  the 
purpose  of  making  their  winter  hunt.  I  have  in  no 
wise  limited  them  in  their  botmds,  they  appear 
f]-iendl\-;  so  that  should  beef  cattle  be  alxiut  to  be 
sent  to  this  pUice  it  would  be  well  that  those  con  ■ 
cerned  hi  driving  them  through  should  be  apprised 
of  this  fact,  in  order  to  guard  against  accidents. 


Hartford  conventio?^  affaihs!  The  following 
will  be  exceedingly  useful  to  add  to  any  new  sett 
of  tables  about  the  commerce  of  the  "nation,"  that 
a  future  Hartford  meeting  may  publish — to  which 
they  might  add  another  table,  shewing  that  all  the 
produce  of  all  the  "nation,"  for  foreign  markets,  for 
one  year,  would  not  lade  these  vessels: 
Arrivals  and  departures  from  Aeiv-Orleans,  from 
JMarch  to  September,  1815 — -five  montJis. 

AUmVALS   FROM  BEPARTrni:S    T» 

United  States,  .  179             .             79 

Great  Britain,  .  15             .             62 

British  colonies,  .  22             .               7 

France,         .  .  10             .             27 

Spain,             .  .  0.1 

-  -       1  •  OW  t,j. 


Spanish  colonies,     . 

37 

Swedish, 

4 

Holland,       . 

0 

Total, 


379 


213 


Of  the  vessels  arrived,  161  ships,  69  brigs,  40  sclirs. 
9  sloops — tons  64,053.  Of  do.  departed,  123  sJiips, 
54  brigs,  30  schrs.  6  sloops — tons  51,812. 

A  Halt  spring  has  been  discovered  on  the  west 
branch  of  the  Wyalusliing  creek,  Pen.;  90  gallons  of 
the  watei'  of  which  makes  56  lbs.  of  salt. 

The  whale  fishery.  Twenty-five  sliips,  manned 
with  21  men  each,  have  left  Nantucket  for  the  south- 
ern whale  fishery,  since  the  war. 

Two  vessels  which  arrived  at  City  Point,  (Riclic 
mond)  from  England,  had  cargoes  invoiced  at 
400,000c6'  stcrUng.  We  like  to  see  tiie  Virginians 
doing  tiieir  own  commerce. 

Freiglits,  in  British  vessels,  were  brisk  at  Charles- 
ton at  23  d.  per  lb.  for  cotton,  and  even  2>d  was 
given,  wliile  many  American  vessels  were  lying  idle 
at  the  wharves.  The  equalization  of  duties 
however,  will  g-ive  our  ship-owners  a  chance  of 
carrying  some  part  of  our  own  produce  to  the  Bri- 
tish market. 

Corsets.  Tlie  city  inspector  reports  the  death 
of  75  persons  (of  whom  were  25  men,  13  women,  15 
boys  and  22  girls)  during-  the  week  ending  on  Sa- 
turday last — of  whom  12  died  of  consumption. 

This  disease  has,  for  several  years  past,  formed  a 
frigiitful  proportion  of  our  weekly  obituarj'.  A  pro- 
portion not  to  be  cliarged  to  our  climate  solely. 
Among  its  vistiiT):;,  at  least  two- thirds  are  females, 
aiid  we  are  authorise.d  by  one  of  the  most  intelli- 
gent physicians  of  this  city,  to  state,  that  in  very 
many  of  the  cases  of  female  consumption  that  have 
come  under  his  observation,  the  disease  has  beeii 
produced  by  the  wearing  of  corsets.  Such  :m  inti- 
mation, from  a  respectable  source,  should  not  ^e 
loat  upon  parents. — AV^v-  yoi'k  pajier.^ 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS  OF  VIENKA. 


2Vf 


Act  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna. 

The  powers  who  signed  the  treaty  coiicludcd  at 
Paris  on  the  30th  May,  1814,  having  reassembled  at 
Vienna  agreeable  to  the  32d  article  of  that  act,  with 
tlxe  princes  and  states  in  alliance  with  tliein,  to 
complete  the  dispositions  of  the  said  treaty  and  to 
nddto  it  other  arranr^ements  rendered  necessary  by 
t1ie  condition  in  which  Europe  was  placed  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  last  war,  desirint?  now  to  comprise 
in  one  common  transaction  the  different  results  of 
their  neg-ociatioi\s,  that  they  may  be  sanctioned  by 
their  mutual  ratifications  ;  have  authorised  tl>eir 
pleuipotentiarie^s  to  collect  into  a  general  instru 
inent,  the  dispositions  of  greater  and  permanent  in- 
terests, and  to  join  to  this  deed,  as  integral  parts  of 
the  arrangements  of  congress,  tlie  treaties,  conren- 
tions,  declarations,  regulations  ar.d  other  particulai- 
acts,  whicii  are  found  cited  in  tlie  present  ti-eaty. — 
And  the  aforej5aid  powers  having  named  as  plenipo- 
tentiaries tocongresss,viz.  (Here  follow  the  names 
and  titles  of  tlie  plenipotentiaries  arranged  in  the 
alphabetical  order  of  theii-  courts.)  Those  of  tlie 
plenipotentiaries  who  were  present  at  tlia  close  of 
the  negociation,  after  having  exhibited  their  full 
powers,  which  were  found  to  be  in  good  and  due 
form,  have  agreed  to  place  in  the  said  instrument, 
and  to  sanction  with  their  common  signature  the 
following  articles. 
Union  of  the  duchy  of  lVarm~di  to  the  Russian  empire. 

Article  1.  Tiie\luchy  of  Warsaw,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  provinces  and  districts,  v.iiich  are 
otherwise  disposed  of  in  the  following  articles,  is 
united  to  tiie  empire  of  Russia.  It  shall  be  irrevo- 
cably joined  to  it  liy  its  constitution,  to  be  possessed 
by  iiis'majesLy  the  emperor  of  all  the  Russias,  his 
heirs,  and  successors  forever.  His  imperial  majesty 
is  invested  with  the  riglit  of  giving  to  tliis  state, 
while  it  enjoys  a  distinct  administration,  any  interior 
extension  "which  he  shall  judge  convenient.  He 
will  take  along  with  his  other  titles,  that  of  czar, 
king  of  Poland,  conformably  to  the  protocol  appoint- 
ed for  the  titles  attaclied  to  his  other  possessions. — 
The  Poles,  subjects  respectively  of  Russia,  Austria, 
and  Prussia,  shall  obtain  a  representation  and  na- 
tionaUnstiUiiions,  regulated  after  that  mode  of  po 
litical  existence  whicli  each  of  the  govermntnts  to 
which  tliey  belong  shall  judge  useful  and  convenient 
to  (five  tliem. 

Limits  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Po^en. 

2.  That  part  of  tlie  grand  duchy  cf  \Varsaw  wliich 
his  majesty  tlie  king  of  Prussia  sliall  possess  in  full 
sovcrcigiity  and  property,  for  himself  and  his  suc- 
cessors, undtr  tlie  title  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Posen, 
shall  be  comprised  within  the  following  limits  : 

In  proceeding  from  the  fi-ontier  of  Eastern  Prus 
sia  to  the  village  of  Xeulioif,  the  new  limit  will  fol- 
low the  froiUicr  of  Western  Prussia,  as  it  subsisted 


city  of  Spluzce,  to  the  point  of  the  confluGuce  of 
tiie  rivers  Wartha  andProsna. 

Prom  tliis  point  it  ^hall  be  continued  up  the 
course  of  the  river  Prosna,  as  far  as  the  village  of 
Kosciclnavles  within  a  league  of  the  city  of  Kalisch. 

There  leaving  to  that  city  (on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Prosna)  a  semi  circular  territory,  measured  l)y 
the  distance  between  Koscielnavies  and  Kalisch,  the 
limit  shall  return  to  the  course  of  the  Prosna,  and 
allow  it,  ascending  by  the  cities  Grabew,  Wiczus- 
zow,  Boleslawico,  in  order  to  terminate  near  the 
village  of  Gola,  at  the  frontier  of  Silesia,  opposite 
to  Petachia. 

SUt  mines  of  JVicJicJca. 

3.  His  imperial  and  royal  apostolic  majesty  shall 
possess  in  full  property  and  sovereignty  the  salt 
mines  of  W^icliezka,  as  well  as  the  territor\'  that 
belongs  to  them. 

Boundary  between  GalUcia  and  the  Russian  territoi'yt^ 

4.  The  Thulweg  of  the  Vistula,  shall  sepiu-ate 
Gallicia  from  the  territory  of  the  free  city  of  Cra- 
cow. It  will  serve  at  tlie  same  time  as  a  boundary 
between  Gallicia  and  that  part  of  the  former  ducJij'' 
0^"  Warsaw,  re-united  to  the  states  of  his  majesty 
tlie  emperor  of  all  the  Russias,  as  far  as  the  vicinity 
of  the  city  of  Zawichost. 

From  ZawicJiost  to  the  Eug,  tlie  drj'  frontier  shall 
be  determined  by  the  line  described  in  tlie  treaty  of 
Vienna,  1809,  subject  to  the  ratiKcations  which  hv 
mutual  agreement  may  be  made  in  it. 

The  frontier,  in  pi'oceeding  from  the  BOg,  shall 
be  re-establised  between  tlie  two  empires,  as  it  ex- 
isted before  the  said  treaty. 
Restitution  of  the  Circle  of  Tarnepol,  &c.  to  .Austria, 

5.  His  majesty  the  emjicror  of  all  the  Russias 
cedes  to  his  imperial  and  roval  apostolic  majesty, 
the  districts  which  have  been  detach.ed  from  East- 
ern Gallicia,  in  virtue  of  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  1809, 
of  the  circles  of  Zloozaw,  Rrzczim,  Tarnopol,  and 
Zalesevyk,  and  the  frontiers  sliall  be  re-established 
oh  that  side  as  they  existed  before  the  epoch  of  the 
aforesaid  treaty. 

Craco-v  declared  a  free  city. 

6.  The  city  of  Cracow,  v/ith  its  territory,  sliall  be 
considered  henceforth  as  a  free,  independent,  and 
strictly  neutral  city,  under  the  protection  of  Rus- 
sia, Austria,  and  Prussia. 

Jjiinits  of  tlie  territory  of  Cracow. 
7 ■  The  territory  of  t!i»e  free  city  of  Cracow  shnll 
have  for  its  boui^laryon  the  Icfc  hankof  tlve  Vistu- 
la a  line,  which,  commencing-  at  the  village  of  AV'oli--' 
ca,  at  the  place  wiicre  a  rivulet  near  that  village? 
liows  into  the  Vistula,  sliall  ascend  tliis  rivulet  by 
Oio,  Koselniki  tgCzulice,  so  tliat  these  vilit-.g-es  are 
comprised  within  t!ie  frontier  of  tlic  free  city  of 
,Ci'a(;ov,- ;  tl^cnce  passing  the  villages,  it  shall  pro- 
ceed by  Dickanovice,  Carlicc,  Somosrow,  Karnio- 
wice,  v/iuch  sliall  likewise  be  included  i>i  the  terri- 


from  the  year  1772  Uji  to  tlie  peace  of  Tilsit,  to  tiie   tory  of  Cracow,  tu  the  ])oint  where  the  limit  vi'hicti 
village  of  Lubitscli,  wliich  will  belong  to  tlie  ducliy  jsej>ai'atcs  the   district  of  Ke/.eszovice  from  that  of 


of  "Warrtaw  ;  from  thence  there  sliall  be  drawn  a 
line,  which,  in  leaving  Konefauia,  Grabouicc,  and 
Izytno  to'  Prussia,  passess  the  Vistula  near  this  last 
place,  OP.  tiie  other  side  of  the  river  which  falls  into 
tlie  Vistula  opposite  I/.ytno,  to  the  ancient  bounda- 
ry of  the  district  of  Nitze  near  (h-o.ss  Opoczko,  so 
Inat  Sluzewo  shall  belong  to  the  duchy,  and  P_\  ze- 
braiiow,  Ilolleondcz,  anil  ^Mazicjewo  to  Prussia. 
From  {^ross  Opoecko  it  siiall  pass  Chlevviska,  which 
shall  remain  with  Prussia,  to  tlic  village  Piz[)yslau, 
and  thence  liy  the  villages  Pioski,  Uhelmice,  Wilo- 
wiczki,  Kobilinka,  Woyez3'a,  Orchowo,  to  the  cily  of 
I'bwidz. 

From  Powiiz  the  llite  shall  be  continue*!  bv  tkc 


Olkuza,  commences  ;  from  thence  it  shall  I'ulloijr 
tiiat  limit  between  the  two  sahl  district:',  tu  terini- 
nate  on  the  frontiers  of  Prussian  Silesia. 
I'l-ivi leges  granted  to  I'odgorza. 
8.  lli.^;  m.jesty  the  emperoi"  of  Austria,  drsiro;:? 
to  contribute  on  his  part  to  f.ciiltate  the  relations 
oi"  commerce  and  good,  neighljorliood  between  Gal- 
licia and  the  tr.-iding  city  of  Podg.cjrza,  grants  to 
th:;t  city  the  privileges  of  a  f,  ee  comriiercial  city, 
ill  the  same  extent  as  they  are  ciroyed  by  the  citv" 
of  Eody.  Tiiis  freedcjivi  of  trade  !■'•"; I  cxtead  to  a 
oircumferenceof  5'JO  fjiccs  from  'liie  barriers  of  tht- 
cily  of  Podgorza.  As  a  corsequence  of  this  perma- 
mjiit  cmipessior.  wVii^i-i  sluiU  n(^v<;fthelcs5  he  v.v.iW'^',. 


218     NJI'ES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SA  TUB  RAY.  l^XYl  ?,:I  ER  26,  1815; 


stood  to  cxtini^uish  none  of  tl;c  rig-lits  of  sovereign- 
ty belon,^'-ing"  lo  his  iinjjeri.d  niid  roval  apostolic  n!;t- 
jesty,  AiisiriaH  custom-houses  shall  not  be  e:-:tr,b'i'iix- 
e:l  but  in  phices  bc3ond  the  before  nK'ntiwieJ  cli?- 
markatlon.  '{'Jicre  shall  not  nioreover,  i)e  I'oriiiedj 
ill  it  any  niijitur}-  establishment  v.-nich  may  threaten 
the  neutriiiity  ci'  (h-acow,  or  restrain  the  libeity  ol' 
Goranierce,  the  enjoyment  of  which  iiJs  imperial  and 
J'oyal  apostolic  majesty  wisiies  to  bestow  upon  the 
city  ;uid  arrondisscment  of  I'odgorza. 
JWutrality  of  Crac(ni,. 

9.  The  courts  of  Russia,  Austria  and  Prussia,  cn- 
,gag-e  to  respect  and  to  cause  td  be  respected  in  all 
time  coming',  tlie  neutrality  of  the  fi-ee  city  of  Cracow 
and  its  territory;  no  armed  force  shall  enter  it  upon 
-any  pretext  vviiatevcr. 

In  return  it  is  understood,  and  expressly  stipulat- 
ed, Ihr.t  there  shall  not  be  gTanted  in  tiie  free  city 
of  Cracow,  or  on  its  territory,  any  asylum  or  protec- 
tion to  refug-ees,  deserters,  or  criminals  pursued  bj- 
law  belonging'  to  tlie  territories  of  one  or  olher  ot' 
the  said  high  powers;  and  that,  u]3on  a  demand  ht- 
ing-madc  by  tiie  competent  authorities  to  surrender 
vSUch  individuals,  Uiey  shall  be  arrested  and  deliver- 
ed without  delay  to  tlie  fjuard,  which  slndl  be  ap- 
pointed to  receive  them  on  the  frontiers. 

Constitution,  acadcn.y,  and  binhopric  of  Cracoiv. 

10.  The  arrang-emenls  tiiat  reLae  to  tiie  constitu- 
tion of  the  fx-ee  city  of  Cracow,  its  ac;'.demy,  its 
bisiiopric  and  chapter,  as  they  are  stated  in  the  7U), 
IJth,  IGtli,  and  17' th,  articles  of  the  additional  treaty 
reg-arding-  Cracow,  shall  have  the  same  fo'.xe  and 
■validity  as  if  they  luid  been  literally  inserted  in  this 
set. 

General  ..Immstu. 

11.  There  .shall  be  a  full,  general  and  ]);u-ticular 
.inniesty  in  favor  of  all  individuals,  of  whatever  rank, 
sex,  or  condition  they  may  be. 

S^qiiestrc.L'ons  and  cunfiscations  removed. 

12.  In  consequence  of  the  preceding  article,  none 
final  I  be  in  future  harrassed  or  prosecuted  in  any  way 
on  account  of  any  participation,  direct  or  indirect, 
fit  any  time  whatever,  in  political  events,  civil  or 
rnilltary,  in  Poland.  All  processes,  prosecutions  or 
accusations,  s!i;dl  he  renounced,  provisional  seques- 
trations, and  confiscations  shall  be  removed,  and  no 
act,  proceeding  from  a  cause  of  this  kind,  shrdl  be 
per.  istcd  in. 

Exception. 

13.  From  these  general  dispositions,  with  respect 
fa  conliseatioiis,  are  excepted,  all  cases,  where  liie 
edicts  or  sentence,  pronounced  en  dernisr  rcS97\',shal! 
Lave  already  received  their  entire  exectition,  and 
shall  not  have  been  annulled  by  subsequent  events. 

Free  'nax'igution  'if  rivers. 

14.  The  established  principles,  on  tiiefee  naviga- 
ti')n  of  rivers  and  canals,  tluoug-h  all  tiie  extent  of 
ancient  Poland,  as  well  as  on  th.e  frequenting  of  t!ie 
har!)ors,  tlie  circulation  of  the  productions  of  the 
finil,  and  of  industry  among  the  different  I'olish 
provinces,  and  in  the  transit  commerce,  such  as 
they  are  decl.-ired  in  tiie  21th,  2oth,  26th,  28!h  and 
'?9iit  articles  of  the  treaty  Ijetween  Austria  and  Rus- 
sia, and  in  tlie22d,  23d,"  24th,  25th,  28th,  and2Slli, 
Oi  the  tre.tty  bctwecTi  Russia  and  Prussia,  shall  be 
u ! variably  maintaih cd. 

Cessions  of  Sa.i'oni/  to  J'riis'ia. 

15.  His  majesty  tlie  king  ol'Saxony  renounces  for- 
ever for  liimseU'  and  all  his  descendants  and  succes- 
sors, Infavor  of  his  majesty  tiie  king  of  Prussia,  all 
kis  riglits,  and  titles  to  tiic  provinces,  districts  and 
territories,  or  parts  of  territories,  of  tlie  kingdom  of 
Haxony  here. if ..er  mentioned,  and  his  m.;jesty  the 
king  of  Prussia '■hall  ]iosse,s.--  those  countries  in  fid  I 


sovereignly  and  pTOpcrty,  v.nd  shall  unite  them  i(i 
iii.s  monarchy.  The  districts  and  territories  thus 
ceded  shall  be  separated  from  tlie  rest  of  the  khig- 
dom  of  S.ixon.y  by  a  line  whicit  sl.all  be  hence- 
forth the  frontier  bcttvccn  the  two  Prussi^.n  and 
H;.xon  territories,  in  sucli  a  manner  that  .".i!  whic!i 
is  comprised  in  the  dciimitotian  formed  by  their 
line,  shall  be  restored  to  his  niiijestv  the  ki!';r  of 
h)::xony,,  buthis  nu.jesty  renounces  all  the  di'-trici.s 
-utd  terriiories  which  shall  fie  situated  bcvond  thd 
line,  and  vhich  belonged  to  !iim  before  the  w..r. 

'I'iiis  liriC  sliallrtui  from  tiie  confines  of  Boliep.ii,^ 
near  Wcise,  into  the  environs  of  Seibenburg  follow- 
ing the  course  of  the  river  V/attich  to  its  conlltt* 
ence  wilJi  tlie  Ncisfjc. 

J'rom  the  Neisse  it  sinill  pass  to  tlie  cirele  of 
d'Eigen,  between  Tauchritz,  coming  to  Prussia,  ;.nd 
Rertschell  remaining  in  Saxony;  tlien  it  shall  follow 
the  northern  frontier  of  the  circle  of  d'Eigen  to  the 
angle  between  P.iutsdortf  and  Obcr-sohland:  tiicnce 
it  shall  be  conthiucd  to  the  limits  whicii  sepnratd 
the  circle  of  fioerlitz  from  th:d  of  Rautzen,  so  that 
Obcrmil'xl  and  Niedersobland,  Olisch  and  Rtide- 
wi''  ze  remain  to  Saxony. 

The  great  post  road  between  Goer! Itz  and  Baut- 
zen, sliail  belong  to  Prussia,  to  the  limits  of  the  twcr 
abovcmcntioncd  circles.  Tiien  tlie  line  shall  fol- 
low the  frontier  of  the  circle  of  Dabraube,  then  it 
shall  extend  over  the  heights  to  the  rigiit  of  f-aba- 
ner  Weisser,  so  that  the  river,  with  its  two  banks, 
and  the  ph.ces  on  tlie  river  to  Neudorf,  remain 
with  the  village  of  S.^txony. 

This  line  wii!  then  f;tll  back  upon  tlie  Spree,  and 
tiie  Scv.'ar',  Wasser,  Litka  Hermsdorf,  I'iitteu,  and 
Solchdorllj  are  ceded  to  Prussia. 

Prom  Hchwazze  Elster,  near  Solclidorff,  a  straight 
line  shall  be  drawn  to  tiie  frontiers  of  the  lordship 
of  Ku;nigsbruck,  near  Grossgrccbclicn.  This  lord- 
ship remains  with  Saxony,  ami  tlie  line  will  follow 
tite  nortiiern  frontier  of  that  lordship  to  that  of  the  ' 
bailiwick  of  €irossenhagen,  in  the  vicinity  of  Or- 
trand.  Ortrand,  and  all  from  that  place  by  Mors- 
dorlf,  Sloczenhayn,  jGra'ben  to  Mulburg,  tvith  the- 
villages  wnicb  that  route  traverse3,'and  in  such  a 
way  that  no  part  of  the  said  Z'oute  may  lie  bej'ond 
the  Prussian  territory,  are  transferred  to  the  domin- 
ions of  Prussia. 

The  frontier  from  Grocbeln  shrdl  be  traced  to  thft 
Elbe  near  Fichtenberg,  and  shall  follow  that  of  tlie 
biiiliwick  of  Malberg.  Fichtenberg  falls  to  Prus- 
si:i. 

From  the  Elbe  to  the  frontier  of  the  country  of 
i\Iersebou)-g  it  shall  be  drawn  as  the  bailiwicks  of 
Torgau. 

Eclcmhourg'  and  Delltch  pass  to  Prussia,  and 
those  of  O^chatz,  Waven,  and  Ltipsick,  remain  in- 
coqiorated  with  Saxony.  The  line  will  follow  the 
boundaries  of  these  bailiwicks,  cutting  some  cii 
dt:,r>es  and  demi-encldve.i.  'l"he  rotite  from  -Mulberg 
to  Eclembotirg  shall  be  entirely  within  the  Prus- 
sian territory. 

From  Padehvitz  belonging  to  the  bailiwick  of 
Leipsick,  and  composing  p.u-t  of  .S.ixony  to  Eyti-a, 
likewise  remaining  with  that  state,  the  line  will  cut 
the  coimtry  of  Wersebourg-  in  such  away  tliat  Brec- 
tonficld,  jla;ncelen,  Ciross  and  Kiein,  Dolzig,  Mark, 
Hamstadt,  and  Knatit  Nauendorf,  may  remain  witli 
S.ixony;  Modelwltz,  Skenditz,  Klein  Eibonau,  Ait 
Kanst:edt,  Schkadiien,  and  Zietschon,  may  be  trans- 
ferred to  Prussia. 

From  that,  the  line  shall  cut  the  bailiwick  of  Pe- 
gan,  betwcenFlossgrahen  and  Weisse  Elster.  The 
first  fiom  the  point  where  itscpai-afes  itself  above- 
the  city  of  Crossen,  (which   composes  part  of  tho. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGHESS  OF  YIEKNAi 


^19- 


bailiwick  of  Ilayonsboiirg-)  from  the  Weisse  Elster, 
to  the  point  wl'iei-e  below  the  city  Oi"  Merseboiu-;,^ 
it  flows  into  the  Saalc,  shall  belong-  in  the  whole  of 
its  com-se  and  with  both  its  banks  between  those 
two  cities,  CO  the  Prurfsiaii  territory. 

Theace  •.-.•here  the  frontier  terminates  in  tliat  of 
the  coiintrv  of  Zutz,  it  shall  follow  the  latter  to 
thst  of  the  country  of  Altenbourg  near  Luckau. 

Tlie  boundaries  of  the  circle  of  Ncustradt,  the 
whole  of  wliic*!  is  incorporated  with  Prussia,  re- 
r;iin  uatouciiei'l.  Tiie  districts  of  Voi^r^tland,  in 
the  county  of  Reus:;,  namely,  Getiull,  Blilandorf, 
Spare.'-nberg-,  and  Blakenbcrg-,  are  all  comprised  in 
tiie  Prussian  alionner.t. 

Titles  to  bs  tak'^/i  by  the  king  of  Prunx'a. 

16.  The  provinces  aivi  districts  of  the  kiiiQclom 
of  .S,iXf»ny  wiiich  ;.re  transferj-ed  to  tbe  doniinions 
of  die  king-  of  Prussi.x,  ■:^\Al  be  desig-nated  by  tiic 
name  of  the  duchy  of  Saxony;  and  his  majesty  will 
add  to  his  tides,  tiiose  of  the  duke  of  S.:xony,  land- 
g^rave  of  Thuriag-en,  margrave  of  the  two  Lusatias, 
anl  count  of  ilannaberg'.  His  m.ajesty  the  king'  of 
Saxony  shall  couiiriue  to  beiu-  the  title  of  margrave 
of  liig'h  Ii'isatia;  his  itiujesly  Suali  likewise  continue 
to  !)3ar  those  of  iandp^-i-ave  of  Tiiuringia,  and  count 
of  Mennebevg-,  in  relation  to,  and  in  virtue  of  his 
ris-htsof  succession  to  the  possession  ot  tlie  Emcs- 
tlan   line. 

Guai'cmtee  'if  Rnav'a,  England,  Aitsiria  and  France. 

17.  Austria,  Jiussi.t,  Great  Britain  and  France, 
gu^trantee  to  his  majesty  tlie  king  of  Prussia,  his 
descendants  and  successors,  the  possession  of  tlie 
CoiiMtries  desijipiated  in  the  15th  article,  in  will,  so- 
vereirrnty  and  property. 

liemincia'.ioii  by  Anstiia  of  the  rights  of  sovercigntij 
oiK-r  Lusaiia. 

18.  His  imperial  and  royal  apostolic  majesty,  de- 
siroti.i  of  p;iving  to  his  majesty  tlie  king  of  Prus'sia 
a  sew  proof  of  his  anxietj  on  every  subject  of  fu- 
ture dispute  between  the  two  courts,  renounces  for 
himself  and  his  successors,  the  rhrhts  of  sovereis-n- 
tv  over  ihe  nii  rirravates  of  iiiHi  and  Law  Lusitia, 
wr.icii  belong  to  him  as  king  of  Boiiemiu,  in  as  far 
as  tnese  rig;:ts  extend  to  that  part  of  tJiosc  provin- 
ces which  has  been  transferred  to  the  doraliuons  of 
the  king  of  Prussia,  in  virtue  of  a  treaty  concluded 
wiiii  ids  majesty  tlie  king  of  Saxony,  at  Vienna,  on 
the  18th  of  ".May,  1815. 

As  to  what  respects  the  right  of  reversion  inhe- 
rent in  his  imperial  and  royal  majesty,  to  that  part 
of  tiie  Losallas  united  to  Prussia,  it  is  transferred 
to  the  house  of  Bran.denbourg  in  actual  po.3session 
of  the  dirone  of  Prussia,  his  imperial  and  i-oyal  apos- 
tolic majesty  reserving  only  toiiiniseif  and  ids  suc- 
cessors, the  power  of  resuming  that  right  iu  the 
event  of  the  extinction  of  tlie  said  reigning  family. 

Ili^  im.perial  and  r;)yal  ajjostolic  msjesty  re- 
nounces equally  in  f.ivor  of  Jus  Prussian  majesty 
tlic  disU-icts  of  Ro'iemia,  included  in  the  part  of 
Jligh  Lusatia,  ceded  by  the  treaty  of  the  iSdi  of 
Mar,  1815,  to  his  Prussian  majesty,  the  Vk'hich  con- 
tains the  towns  of  Gunsterdorf,  Tantuen  trauke, 
>reikretchre  Ncider,  Gorksciiclrn,  Winckle  and 
Kinekej,  witii  their  territories. 

Jieciprncalremtnciation  if  the  rights  of  f-inhlitij. 
_  19.  ills  ni\icsty  the  king  of  Prussia,  and  ids  nui- 
,]esty  the  king  of  Saxony,  anxiously  desirous  to  re- 
move every  subject  of  future  dispute  or  discussion, 
renounces  eachVor  lumself,  and  reciiDrocallv  in  fa- 
vor  of  each  otiicr,  every  riglit  or  claim  lo  feudali- 
ty which  t'ley  ndgiit  exercise,  or  may  h;ive  exer- 
cised, beyond  the  boundaries  fixed  by  the  present 
■^eaty. 

^Aherti/  of  aniffration,  and  of  the  ewpfi^t  ofjj"opert:;. 


20.  His  majesty  the  king  of  Prussia  promises  t» 
cause  to  be  regulated,  all  that  may  concern  tlie 
jjropcrty  and  int'n'ests  of  the  respective  subject:^ 
ontJiemost  liberal  ])iinciples.  The  present  article 
sliall  particularly  apply  to  the  concerns  of  indivi- 
duals v»ho  retain  property  under  tlie  two  govern- 
ments, Prussian  and  Saxon,  to  the  commerce  of 
Leipsic,  and  to  all  other  matters  of  the  same  na- 
ture; and  in  order  that  the  personal  liberty  of  the 
inhabitants,  both  of  the  ceded  provinces,  and  of* 
otber.-i,  be  not  restricted,  they  shall  be  fj-ee  to  emi- 
grate from  one  territory  lo  another,  saving  the  obli- 
gation of  military  service,  and  upon  con^iplying 
with  tlie  forms  required  by  law.  They  may  "also 
export  their  property  v.itiiout  being  subject  "to  any 
duty  of  transfer. 

Property  of  religious  esiabliEJnnents,  and  of  public  id-- 
St;  tiction. 

21.  The  commimities,  corjiorations,  and  religious 
establishments,  and  of  public  instruction,  v.hic!i 
exist  in  the  ]5rovinces  and  districts  ceded  by  hi.s 
majesty  the  kir.g  of  Saxony  to  Prussia,  or  in  th.c 
provinces  and  districts  \N'hich  remain  to  his  Sixou 
majesty,  sliall  preserve,  whatever  shall  be  tJie 
change  which  tiieu-  desthiat  ion  shall  undergo,  their 
propert}',  as  well  :is  the  revenues  Avhich  belong  to 
tliem,  since  the  act  of  the  foundation,  or  wluch  have 
aince  been  acquired  by  them  by  v;;lia  title,  accoi-d- 
ingto  law,  under  the  t'.vo  denomiiiaxlcns,  Prussian 
;<nd  Saxon, so  that  the  adntinistratiun  and  revenues  to 
con;e  be  not  molested  on  one  part  or  the  other,  i.i 
conformity  ahvays  to  the  iavv-s,  and  in  support  of  tiie 
charges  to  which  all  properties  or  revenues  of  t!:a 
same  nature  are  subject  la  tlie  territory  in  wldch 
they  take  pLce. 

Gensnil  cinnes'ij. 

22.  No  in  dividual, domiciled  in  the  provinces  un- 
der the  domination  of  his  Sixon  mnjesty,  no  more 
than  any  individual  domicLied  in  tiiose,  wliich,  by 
the  present  treaty,  pass  under  ihe  doniination  of 
tiie  king  of  Prussia,  sliall  be  iouclied  in  his  person, 
his  goods,  rents,  pensions,  and  revenues  of  alt  ki:>.ds, 
bis  rank  and  dignities,  nor  persecuted,  nor  .sought 
after  in  any  manner  for  any  part  which  lie  may  havf; 
taken  politically  or  iniiitariiy  in  the  events  wiiich 
may  liave  t:ilLen  place  since  the  coramer.ccrnent  of  ti-.  e 
v/;u-,  terminated  by  liie  peace  concluded  at  Paris,  on 
the  50di  of  May,  ISI^.  'I'iiis  article  extends  equal- 
ly to  those  wlio,  witliout  being  domiciled  in  one  or 
t!ie  other  pai-t  of  Saxony,  shall  hiwe  liad  there 
funded  property,  rents,  pensions,  orreveiiucs  of  anv 
nature  whatsoever. 

Jjesignation  of  tlic  provinces  (f  wldcli  Prussia  resvrnas 
possession. 

23.  His  airjcsty  the  king  of  Prussia  having-,  hy  t!ic 
result  of  the  late  war,  re-entered  into  posse.-,si"on  of 
several  provinces  and  territories,  winch  IkicI  been 
ceded  by  the  treaty  of  Tlisit,  it  is  recognized  and 
declared  by  tiie  present  article,  that  his  la.ijesty, 
ins  h.eirs  and  successor.;,  sli.dl  again  i)0:;-ess,  a.s  be- 
fore, in  full  property  and  sovereignty,  the  ildlowing 
countries,  viz. 

Tiie  i)ortion  cf  tiie  former  Poii^^h  pro-\incts,  de- 
signated in  article  2  ;  tlie  ciiy  of  Dant/,ic  and  its  tor*' 
ritory,  such  as  it  was  nxeu  by  tiic  treaty  of  Tiisit ; 
the  circle  of  Coltsbus  ;  the  old  iM^rk  ;  ilie  portion 
of  tlie  circle  of  Magdeburg,  on  the'left  bai-ik  of  the 
Elbe,  with  the  circle  of  the  S.uue  ;  liie  principality 
of  Aalberstadr,  with  the  lordsl'.ips  of  IJoner.burg 
and  Hnsscnrode;  the  to'.vu  and  teri-iiorv  of  Quetr 
Icnburg,  with  reservation  of  tlu-  rights  of  herr?)va'l 
liighness  the  princess  Sopliia  Aiberti;-ui  of  iiwcdei., 
abbess  of  Quellcnburg,  ccnfirmibly  witV^  tfie  ^-t- 
rangcmcnts  made  in  iSy»:^. 


220      NILES'  WEEKLY  RBGISTEil— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1815. 


The  Pr 

the  Pruss 

llie  citvand  territory  of  Nordhausen;  the  town  and 
tei-ritorv  of  Muulhausen;  the  Prussian  portinu  of 
the    county   of    Gleichen;    tlie    lower    lordship    of 


•uSsian  portion  of  the  couuty  of  Mansfield;  Lioz,   Humerstein,  with  Euj^ers  and  Hondcrsdorf. 
si-in  portion  of  the  county  of  Iloiicnstein;  the  town   and  territory   of  Nenu'ied,  the  parish  of 

'  fi'inun  belons;- to  the  hiilwick  of  Hachenburg'h,  the- 
parish  of  Horbanson,  f  jrmint;;-  part  of  the  bailiwick 
„._...  .  _  of  Vallandar    and  Ehcrenbreitsteiu    on   the    rig-lit 

Kranichfeld;    the    lordship  of  Blanckenhag-en;  thejbank  of  the  Rhine,  designated  in  the  convention  be- 
»)rincipalitv  of  Padcrborn  with  the  Prussian  part  of  jtwfcen   his  majesty  the  kin<j  of  Prussia    and  their 
the   bailiw'icks  of  Scliwallenberg,  Oldenburg,  and  | serene  highnesses  the  duke  and  prince  of  Nassau 
Ptoppleljerg,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  Hagendorn  and  jannexed  to  the  present  treaty. 
Odenliausen,  situated  in  the  territory  of  I>ippe;  the  Pivimun  possi;xsiojis  on  the  left  of  the  Rhine. 

county  ofMarck,  with  tlie  part  of  l^ijjpstadt  there-J  Art.  2.5.  The  king  of  Prussia  shall  possess  the 
to  belonging;  the  county  of  "\Vcri-le-.i;  the  county  of  countries  on  the  left  of  the  Rhine,  included  in  thi? 
Essen;  the  portion  of  the  duchy  of  Cleves  on  thejfrontiertluis  designated. 

right  bank  of  the  Rliine,  with  the  town  and  fortress)  Tiiis  frontier  shall  commence  on  the  Rhine  at 
cf  Wesel,  the  portion  of  tluit  dachy  situated  onlHengen;  it  will  thence  ascend  the  Xahee  to  the 
tJic  left  bank,  bcin;;-  comprised  in  the  provinces j confluence  of  this  river  Mith  the  Glan,  then  the 
specified  in  article  25;  the  scculnrized  chapter  of  (-ian,  to  the  village  of  Mcdart  below  Nauterecken, 
Efien,  tlie  principality  of  Munster,  i.  e.  the  Pru.s-|  the  towns  of  Krentznacli  and  Meisenhcim  with  their 
sian  portion  of  the  old  duchy  of  Munster;  the  se-l  territories  to  belong  entirely  to  Prussia;  but  Laute- 
cularisedprovostship  of  Calten,gburg;  the  county  of  rccken  and  its  territory  to  remain  beyond  the  Prus- 
I'ecklenberg;  the  county  of  Liegan,  with  the  ex-  sian  territory.  FromYilan  the  frontier  to  pass  by 
c-eption  of  tlie  portion  ceded  to  ll.'.nover  by  art.  7;  Medart,  Merzwcller,  Langweller,  Neider  and  Ober; 
the  principality  of  Minden;  the  county  of  Ifavens-  Feckenbetch,  El'.enback,  Creunclienhorn,  Answeil- 
burg;  the  secularised  chapter  of  Herford;  the  prin-  cr,  Neider  and  Ober;  Feckenbetch,  Ellenback, 
eipality  of  Neafchatel  v^'ith  the  county  of  Valingen,|  Creunchenhorn,    Answeilcr,    Cromweiler,    Neider- 


as  their  frontiers  liave  been  ascertained  by  the 
treaty  of  Paris,  and  by  art.  76,  of  the  present  ge- 
Reral  treaty. 

Tlie  same  arrangements  extend  to  the  rights  of  so- 
vereignty and  superiority  over  the  county  of  Wcr 


brambach,  Buabach,  Boescliweiler,  Handbweiler, 
Hambach  and  liecizenberg,  to  the  limits  of  the 
canton  of  Hcrmerskeil;  all  these  places  with  their 
territory  to  belong  to  Prussia. 

From  Rectzenberg  to  the  Sarre,  the  line  ofde- 


•nigevode,  to  that  of  high  protection  over  the  coun-imarkation  to  follr>w  t!ie  canton.d   liniits,  so  that  the 


ty  of  llohen  Eimburg,  and  to  all  other  rights  and 
claims  whatever,  whicli  liis  Prussian  majesty  pos- 
.sessed  and  exercised  before  the  peace  of  Tilsit,  and 
which  he  has  not  renounced  by  otlier  treaties,  acts 
or  conventions. 

Prvssian  possessions  on  this  side  of  the  Rhine. 
24.  Ills  majesty^,  the  king  of  Prussia,  shall  unite 
to  his  monarchy  in  Germany,  on  this  side  the  liliine, 
to  be  possessed  by  himself  and  his  successors,  in  full 
property  and  sovereignty,  the  following  countries, 
viz. 


cantons  of  Hermerskeil  and  Conz,  the  last  with  the 
exception  of  tlie  places  on  the  left  of  the  Sanxy 
shall  rcmran  wholly  to  Prussia,  while  tlie  Cantons 
Wadci  n,  Merzig  and  Sarrebourg  are  to  be  beyond 
the  Prussian  frontier. 

From  the  point  where  the  limit  of  the  canton  of 
Conz,  below  Gomlingen  traverses  the  Sarre,  the  line 
will  descend  the  Sarre  till  it  flows  into  the  Moselle, 
thence  it  will  remount  the  Moselle  till  its  confi-.- 
ence  with  the  Sarre,  ascend  the  latter  river,  till  the 
embouchure  of  the  Our,  and  the  Our  the  limits  of 
the  late  department  of  the  Ourthc.  The  places 
traversed  by  these  rivers  shall  in  no  wise  be  divided, 
but  belong  with  their  territories  to  the  power  in 
graiuL  duke  of  Saxe  Weimar;  the  territory  ceded  [  whose  state  tlie  greatest  pai-t  of  these  plnces  shall 
to  Prussia  by  his  Britannic    majesty  tlie  king    of'        ---'••'      '•" -• --  •• 


Tlie  provinces  of  Saxony  designated  in  article  15, 
with  the  exception  of  the  places  and  territories  ced- 
ed by  virtue  of  article  39,  to  his  royal  liighiiess  the 
cfrand  d 


Hanover,  by  art  29;  the  portion  of  the  district  of 
Pulda  and  the  tei-ritories  therein  comprised,  indi- 
cated in  art.  40;  the  town  ,ind  territory  of 'Wetzlan, 
as  in  art.  42;  the  grand  duch^"  of  Berg,  witli  tlie 
lordships  of  Hardenburg,  Druii'.,  Styrum,  Schocler, 
and  Odenthad,  which  formerly  belonged  to  the 
said  duchy  under  the  Palatine  government;  the 
districts  of  Hie  old  archbishopric  of  Cologne,  which 
iatteiiy  belonged  to  the  grand  duchy  of  Berg;  the 


be  situated.  'I'lvese  rivers  themselves,  in  so  far  as 
they  form  the  frontier,  shall  belong  in  common  to 
the  two  bordering  powers. 

In  the  old  department  of  the  Ourthc,  tlie  five 
cantons  of  Saint  Vitli,  Malmedy,  Cronenberg, 
Schfeiden,  Aubel,  to  the  soutJi  of  Aix  La  Chapelle, 
belong  to  Prussia,^find  the  frontier  shall  follow  that 
of  these  cantons  in  such  a  manner,  that  a  line  di-awn 
from  north  to  south  may  cut  the  said  point  of  the 
canton  of  Aubel   and  be  prolonged  to  the  paint  of 


luchy  of  "Westphalia,  such  as  ii  was  possessed  by  |  contact  of  tlie  three  old  departments  of  theOurtlie, 


his  royal  h'.ghness  the  gr-ud  duke  of  Hesse;  the 
coimty  of  liormond;  tlie  prhicipality  of  Corbcrg; 
the  mediatised  districts  specified  in  art.  43. 

Tiie  old  possessions  of  the  house  of  Nassau  Dletz, 
tjavhig  been  ceded  to  Prussia  by  his  majesty  the 
!;ing  of  the  Netherlands,  aiul  a  p;a't  of  these  pos- 
.sessions  having  been  exclianged  for  districts bclonu"- 


llie  Lower  Mcuse,  andtJieRocr;  leaving  that  point, 
tlie  frontier  shall  follow  the  line  whicli  separates 
these  two  last  departments  till  it  reach  the  river 
Worm,  (having  its  mouth  in  the  Rocr)  and  shall 
go  along  tills  river  till  the  point  where  it  again 
touches  tlic  limits  of  these  two  dc]virtments;  it 
sliall  pursue  tliat  limit  to  the    south  of  Hillensl)erg 


iiig  to  their  serene  high.nesses  the  duke  and  prince  remount  from  tlicncc  towards  the  nortli,  and  leaving 
of  Nassau,  the  king  of  Prussia  shall  possess  in  full  Hillensbci'g  to  Prussia,  and  cutting  the  canton  of 
sovereignty,  and  unite  to  his  monavch\  :   1.  I'heprin-   Sittard  in  two  parts  nearly  e{j;aal,  so  that  Sittard  and 


cipalitv  of  Sicgen,  witiitiie  bailiwicks  of  ilnhen,  oi 
Eurbacu  and  Neukirclien,  with  the  exception  of  a 
•porti>on  containing  12,U0U  inhabitants,  whicli  shall 
belong  to  the  duke  and  prince  of  Nassau:  2d.  I'lie 
bailiwicks  of  Ilohen  Solnis,  Griefenstcm,  Braunsels, 
Fren.sbci-,~,    FriedewaUie,    Schensteii',    Shociibcrg, 


Susteren  remain  on  the  left,  sliall  reach  the  old 
Dutcli  territory;  then  following  the  old  frontier  of 
that  territory  to  tlic  point  where  it  touched  the  old 
Austrian  principality  of  Gr.eldres,  on  the  side  of 
Rurcmondc,  and  directing  itself  towards  the  most 
eastern  point  of  the  Duxcli  territory  to  the  nortli  of 


Aitenkir.jtiea,     AitenwJedt    Diedorlj    Ninerbur^h,!  Swalmen,  it  sliall  continue  to  einbra,ce  tiiis  territorj\ 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS  OF  VIENNA. 


221 


Then  it  proceeds  to  join,  settings  oat  from  the 
most  eastern  point,  that  otlier  part  of  the  Dutch 
territory  in  v/hich  Venloo  is  situated;  it  shall  in- 
clude that  town  and  its  teiTitory.  Thence  to  the 
tild  Dutch  frontier  near  Mook,  situated  below  Ge- 
nep;  it  shall  fallow  the  course  of  tjie  .Meuse  at  a 
distance  from  theri^ht  bank,  so  that  all  tlie  places 
which  are  not  distant  from  this  bank  more  than  1000 
German  perches,  shall  belong,  with  the?r  territories 
to  the  king-dom  of  the  Netherlands,  but  no  point  of 
tlie  bank  of  the  Meuse  to  make  apart  of  the  Prus- 
sian territory  which  shall  not  approach  it  by  SOO 
German  pcrche.i. 

From  the  point  where  tlie  line  jiLSt  described 
reaches  the  old  Dutch  frontier  to  tlie  lihine,  that 
frontier  sliall  remain  essentially  as  it  v/as  in  1T95, 
between  Cleves  and  the  United  Provinces.  It  sliall 
be  examined  by  the  commission,  whic'i  shall  be  nam- 
ed without  delay  by  the  two  governments,  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  exact  determination  of  tlie  limits,  Ijotii 
of  the  kingdom  of  tlie  Netherlands  and  the  grand 
duchy  of  Luxemburg,  dcsig'nated  in  articles  66  and 
68,  and  this  commission  shall  regulate,  witli  tlie  aid 
of  experienced  persons,  whatever  concerns  the  liy- 
drotechnic  construction  and  other  anologous  point 
Jn  the  manner  the  most  equitable  and  comf  jl'tablc 
to  the  mutual  interest  of  the  Prussian  states  and 
the  Netherlands.  The  same  disposal  extends  to 
the  determiiiation  of  the  limits  in  tlic  districts  of 
Kyswaerd,  Liobith,  imd  all  the  territory  of  Keker- 
dorn. 

Tiie  places  Ku.issen,  Malburghj  the  Tamers,  with 
the  town  of  Sevenaer  and  tiie  lordship  of  Woel, 
shall  make  part  ofthe  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands; 
and  his  Prussian  majesty,  for  himself  and  his  suc- 
cessors, renounces  all  riglit  to  them  in    perpetuity. 

Tiie  king  of  Prussia,  in  uniting  to  his  states  the 
provinces  and  districts  designated  in  this  and  the 
preceding  ariicle,  is  invested  with  all  the  rights, 
and  takes  on  himself  all  tlie  cliarges  and  engage- 
ments stipulated  with  regard  to  tlie  coiuitries  de- 
tached from  France  in  the  treaty  of  Paris,  May  30, 
1S14. 

TJie  Prussian  provinces  o!i  the  two  banks  of  the 
Eliine  to  above  the  town  of  Cologne,  which  is  in- 
cluded in  tliis  arrondisement,  shall  bear  the  name 
of  Grand  Duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  and  his  majes- 
ty shall  assume  tlie  ctnTesponding  title. 
King(lci}ii  of  Ilaiwrer. 

26.  His  Britannic  majesty  having  suhstitiited  for 
his  old  title  of  elector  that  of  Icing  of  IIai;over,  and 
litis  title  being  recognized  by  the  powers  of  Eu- 
rope, and  by  the  princts,  and  free  cities  of  Germany, 
the  wuntries  hitherto  composing  the  electorate  of 
Brunswick  Luneburg,  as  their  limits  are  in  future 
fixed  by  the  following  articles,  siiall  form  hereafter 
the  kingdom  of  llanover. 

Cessions  di;  J-'rms-ia  to  Himover. 

27.  The  king  of  Prussia  cedes  to  the  kuig  of 
Hanover, 

1.  The  principality  of  Hildesheim.  2.  The  town 
an<l  territory  of  Gosbar.  o.  The  principality  of 
East  Frie.sland,  including  tiie  district  culled  Ilar- 
lingerland,  under  the  stipulations,  article  30,  re- 
qiecthig  the  navigation  of  the  Ems,  and  the  com- 
merce of  Knibden.  The  states  of  the  principality 
■sliall  preserve  their  rights  and  privileges.  4.  Tiie 
lower  county  of  Lingcn,  and  the  part  of  the  princi- 
pality of  tlie  Pi'ussi.m  ilunster,  situated  between 
that  county  and  tlie  part  of  the  Hiieina  Wolbek,, 
possessed  by  the  Hanoverian  government.  But  ii-j 
Hanover  is  to  obtaiii  by  this  cession  an  addition  of 
tCarritory  containiitg  a  population  of  22,000  souls, 
and  as  the  Iwwgr  coun+y  of  I.aigen  and  that  part 


ofthe  principality  of -Alunstcr,  ftrmcrly  r«cntionccl 
may  not  fulfil  tliis  condition,  the  king-  of  Pi'ussia, 
engages  to  extend  tiie  line  of  deniarkation  into  the 
principality  of  3Iunster,  so  far  as  may  be  necessa- 
ry  to  give  that  population.  A  commission  which 
shall  be  named  for  fixing  the  limits,  sliail  be  srpeci- 
ally  charged  with  the  execution  Of  this  an-ange- 
ment. 

23.  The  king  of  Prassia  renounces  the  cl.aimi^ 
which  he  migia  have  as  sovereign  of  iircii sudd  on 
the  cliapter  of  St.  Peter  in  the  Biirg  of  Noerton,  or 
upon  the  dependencies  situated  in  the  HanoTcriau 
tei-ritory. 

Cesbions  bi/  Hanover  to  Prus'^Ja. 

29.  The  king  of  H mover  cedes  to  Prussiaj 

1.  That  part  of  the  ducliy  of  Lauenburg  skita- 
ted  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  with  tlie  L^men- 
burg  villages  on  the  same  bank;  that  part  of  the 
duchy  situated  on  tiie  iefc  b.iiik  remain^  to  tho 
kingdom  of  Hanover.  The  states  shaii  preserve 
tiieir  rights  and  privileges.  2.  The  b^iili'.vick  of 
Kioetxe.  3.  Tiie  bttiliwic"k  of  Eibingerode.  4-. 
The  village  of  P.u;liger?h;iyn  :iiid  Gauseieicu,  5. 
The  bailiwick  of  Ileckeberg. 

K^uivh'atioii  and rrmimerce. 

30.  The  king  of  Prussia  and  his  Britannic  mnie-^: 
ty,  respecting  the  commerce  cf  the  Emj  and  "the 
port  of  Embden,  agree, 

1st.  The  HanovLi'ian  government  lu'rees  to  exe- 
cute  at  its  expenc'e  in  the  ye;-.r  1815  ;uid  1813,  the 
works  wiiich  acomniissinn  shall  judge  nece.isarv,  tii 
render  the  p:'.rt  of  the  Ems,  navigable  from"  tlitf 
frontier  of  Prussia  lo  its  mouUi,  r.ittl  to  niahitaiii 
tliese  works. 

2d.  Prussian  subjects  may  impart  and  cr.portat 
Embden,  and  keep  up  magazine.s  vhere,  wiUiout  be- 
ing subject  to  p.ny  oihe-  inspection,  than  tliat.  t'j 
which  Hanoverians  inay  be  subjecied. 

3d.    Prussian  .«hips   and  merciiants  shall  p:iv  no 
other  tolls  or  duties  than  what  a'-e  paid   by'ilano 
verians.     These  tolls  a-jd  duli-s  U)  be  regulated- ia 
common  b}-  Prussia  and  Hauo^,  er. 

4*h.  Pi-ussiaii  subjects  shall  not  be  obliged  to 
ei.iploy  merchants  of  Embden  in  carrying  on  their 
trade,  and  may  ti-ade  either  v/ith  trie  inhabitants  ol" 
the  town  or  foreigners,  without  paving  ahv  otl^er 
duties  than   those  paid  by    H;uicn-erian  subjects. 

Tiie  king  of  Prussia  on  liis part  allocs  to  Hani- 
veriiui  subjects  the  free  nat^igatioii  ofthe  canal  a/ 
Stecknitz. 

His  Pru-isian  m:ijesty  besides  engages  to  g'laran- 
tee  these  advantages  to  tnc  suDJccis  uf  Hanjv6i-,  in 
case  tlic  duciiy  of  Laucuburg"  iho:iM  be  ce<lc<l  td 
any  other  sovereign. 

J\Illltd-rj  rallies. 

31.  Tiie  king  of  Prassi  i  and  tlie  king  of  Huiiovcr 
agree  to  the  military  rcJutte  thrcugii  tncir  rc;j|jeG» 
tive  states. 

1.  One  from  Halberstadt  b}"  the  territory  CfHiU 
desheim  to  Mindcn.  2.  A  second  from  the  o!*^ 
march  by  (iifnorii  :ind  Nenstadt  to  Mind'^n.  3.  A 
third  from  Osnabnickby  Ippcnburcn  and  liiieinato 
IJenthcim.  Tnc  two  first  in  favor  of  Prussia,  and 
tiie  tiilrdin  favor  of  ilahover. 

JiL-diatii^d  territories. 

32.  The  bailiwick  of  .Meppin,  bclongir.g  to  the 
duke  of  Arenberg,  as  well  hs  tiie  p'.ri  of  T<'iein;>. 
W'oibeck,  belonging  to  the  dai;;e  cf  Looz  Corswarcnj 
which  are  at  this  monient  provisionally  occupied  by 
the  Hanoverian  government,  sliall  be  placed  in  such 
relations  witlt  tiie kiiigdom  of  Hanover,  as  liie  fede- 
rative constitution  of  Germail)"  shall  reguiaie  foi' 
the  mediatised  territories. 

Tke  Prussian  and  Hatnvsrian  si^vcrnriw^t^j  hjj^i^ 


opr>    KILSS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER- 

^  -^  Li 


-SATURDAY,  KOVEMBEH  26,  ISi; 


rcsei'ved  to  themselves  ihe  agrceinjj  hereafter,  ifi  Brand,  Dieigx-s,  Fhidlcs,  Liebharns,  Melperz,  Che. 
ftece3s:iTy,*?.s  to  the  fixing  of  another  fromitr,  re-|Beriibardi:,  ydfiertz  andTItrdden,  as  well  as  the  do 
spcctbig  tlie  count.rj'  belonging  to  the  duke  ofOooz'maih  of  "floJzkcrchen  runnings  into  the  grand  duchy 
Corswaren,  the  said  governmeius  shtdi  charge  the  of  \Vurzb\ir\j,  is  cec 
tcrnniission  to  be  named  f'>r  fixing  the  ihrats  of  the 


;ded  to  the  king  of  Prussia, 


part  cf  Hie  county  (>rLingen,,  ceded  to   Hanover,  to  I     41 

fix  df  liidicly  the  frontiers  of  the 

Coriwaren. 

Tite  rcl;;  ions  betv.'ctn  the  ilanovtrlaii  govern- 
lYscnt  :md  the  county  of  JJenthiein  shaii  remain  as 
jegulatedby  tSie  treaties  hypotheque,  exi.'iting  be- 
tween his  Brit :ninic  majesty  and  tne  count  of  llcn- 
iliieni;  and  after  the  duiies  Hxed  by  tliis  treaty  sliali 
be  eiting'uislifdjtlie  county  of  iieutUieni  shall  be 
in  iho.se  relations  tov.'iirds  the  kingdom  of  Hanover, 
which  the  federative  constitution  of  Germany  shall 
regulate  foi"  the  mediatised  tei-rUories.. 

€'tiss-iQti3  ceded  to  the  duke  cf  OiJenaiir.j. 

S3.  Tiie  king  of  Hanover  shall  procure  for  the 
duke  of  Old  eub'.irg  a  district  containing  a  population 
of  5000iniiabitants. 

o4,S5,  35. '  Confer  the' titles  of  grand  dv.lies  on 
'tjie  dukes  of  Cidenburg,  J.lccklciiburg,  Sehweiin 
and  Slrelitz,  and'Saxe  Weimar. 

C'i'i'MOJis  of  Prussia  toihe  grand  duke   cf   Saxe 
IVciinar. 


T!:c  dtmuin  ofthepri/icipaliUi  of  Fidda. 
The  domains  of  the  principality  of  Fu'daand 
county  of  Loozjof  tlie  comny  ofHiinau  havintr  been  sold,  without 
the  purchas.er!j  liavmg  yet  fulrdled  all  the  conditi 
ons  of  pa)inent,  there  shall  be  named  by  the  prin- 
ces under  v.-hose  dominion  those  districts  pass,  a. 
commission  to  regulate  uniformly  every  tiling  tna'. 
relates  to  this  afi'uir.  Ti;c  commission  shall  pi^rti 
cuiariyljave  respect  to  the  treaty  conciudeci.  the 
2d  of  December,  1S13,  at  Friuikfort,  between  tlr 
allied  powers  and  his  royal  highness  tltc  elector  c'- 
Hease. 

Wetzlcr. 
The  to\yn  and^territory  of  Wetzlar  shall   bclonc: 
to  Prussia. 

Jlledialised  Cottntries  in  the]  old  Circle  of  TfestphcUa. 

43.    The  mediatised  districts  following,  viz.   tlu. 

possessions  which  the   princes    of  S;dm   Salm  and 

Saim  Kyrburg,  the  counts   denominated   the  lihc. 


^17.  The  king  of  I'rubsia  shall  cede  from  the 
ma.-is  of  his  state,  to  the  irrand  duke  of  Saxe  \V'ei- 
raar,  districts  containing-  5'J,UijO  r.-.h.abitants,  conti- 
guous or  near  to  the  principality  of  Weimar. 

His  Prussian  majesty  engages  also  to  cede,  out 
of  the  principality  of  Fuida,  districts  cf  a  popula- 
tion, of  27,000  inhabitants. 

UUoriar  dclermiiiutlon  of  the  conntrins  to  be  ceded  bi/ 
to  the  £-nind  duke  of  IVcimav. 
S'k  The  districts  to  be  ceded  to  Saxe  Weimar, 
ia  »irtue  of  the  present  article,  Siiall  be  determin- 
ed by  a  particular  convention,  and  the  king  of 
Prussia  engages  to  conclude  this  convention,  Paul 
to  convey  liiese  districts,  within  two  montlis  after 
tlic  j-stof  Jane,  ISIJ. 

Possessions  to  be  mads  vnir.ediatcly. 
39.    Tne  king  of  Prussia  cedes  at  present  to   Iiis 
royal  liigimsss,  the  following  districts   and  territo- 
ries, viz : 

The  lordship  of  Blankenhayn,  vviUi  tlie  rcserva- 
iioi;  of  tiie  oaiiiwickof  Wanderlerihen.  The  lov.'er 
l-Oi-d.)hlp  of  Kranichfeld,  and  the  Commanderies  of 
the  Teutonic  order,  Zu'aelzen-Lcbeste]i  and  Lieh- 
svandt,  witli  their  demesnal  revenues,  v»-hich  form 
pLU't  of  die  bailiwick  ofF/ciiansberga,  and  out  of  t!«; 
territory  of  Saxe-Weimar,  as  well  as  all  the  otiicr 
tA-Mi i'lOiies  interwoven  into  the  piiacipality  of  Vv'ei- 
mar,  and  belonging  to  the  said  baiiiwicii;  tlie  baili- 
wick,of  Tcuseiiburg,  witii  the  exception  of  L)ioii.zen, 
liorsennen,  Wehabag,  Wattersheid,  IV]oiichelig, 
wnich  shall  remain  to  Prussia.  Tiie  village  of  iieaisla, 
t\uA  the  villages  of  Klcin-Brenlb<^cll  and  Berlisiedi-, 
catting  inio  Uie principality  of  Weimar,  and  belong- 
ing to  tlic  territory  of  Eifurtb.  The  viiiages  of 
Hissciielfroda  and  Prossteizella,  running  into  the 
territory  or'Elscnacn. 

Tiie  populatioii  of  these  different  districts  shall 
be  inci'ided  in  tiic  6ti,0Uu  souls  secured  ;.o  the  grand 
diikc  of  Saxe-WciTiiar  by  article  6(J. 
,  Cassian  of  tlie  Ci-Dcvaat  department  of  Fidda  to 

Prusi-ia. 
40.    Tiie  department  of  Fulda  with  the  territo- 
ries of  tiie  ancient  nobles  actually  comprised  un- 
der tiie  provincial  administration  of  this  deparcnieut 
■y'lZ  :  the  bailiwicks  of  liummeibury,   with    Thulba 


lumd  Wildgrafen,  and  the  duke  of  Croy,   obtaim 
by  the  principal  Jiecea  of  the  extraordinary  deput-i 
tion  of  the  empire  of  the  25  th  Feb., 1803,  in  thcclc: 
circleof  Wesipisalia,  as  well  as  the  lordships    An- 
halt  andCieliinen,  the  possessions   of  the   duke  ot 
Looa  CorzwareUj  which  are  in  the    same  sitita^on 
(ill  as  far  as  they  are  not  placed  under  the  Ilano^  - 
rian  govemmcnl)  tlie  comity  of  Sieinturth  belor.g 
ing  to  tlie  count  of  Benthei'm,  the  county  of  Buciv- 
linghausen,  belonging  to   tlie  duke  of   Aremburg. 
the  lordships  of  Rheda,  Gutersloh  and  Gronan,  be- 
longing to  the  count  of  Bentheim  Tick'enburg;  tho 
county  of  lleitberg,  belonghig  to  the   prince    Kuu- 
nitz;  the  lordships  of  Neustadt  and    Gtmborn  be- 
longing to  count  Walmoden;   and  the  lordship   of 
Homburg,  bclor.ging  to  the  comuL  of  Sayer-Wittgen  ■ 


sLein-Berleburg,  shall  be  placed  in  such  relations 
witii  tlie  Pi'Uiisian  monarchy,  as  the  federative  con- 
stitution of  Germtmy  shall  regulate  for  mediatised 
lerritoiies. 

The  possessions  of  the  ancient  immediate  nobili- 
ty witiiin  the  limits  hi'  the  Prussian  territory,  aiKl 
particularly  the  lordshi])  of  Wildenberg,  in  tjie 
grand  duchy  of  Berg,  and  the  baror.j' of  .Schaucn,  ir. 
the  principality  of  iiaiberstadt,  shall  beloTig  to  thr. 
Prussian  monarchy. 

licspoisiiion  relative  to  the  g-rafid  diichji  of  Wiirtzt^urp , 

end  tile  priri.cLpu[iti]  of  J/schafcuburj  in  favor 

if  Jiavaria. 

44.  The  king  of  Bavaria  shall  possess  the  grand 
duchyof  Wurt^^burg,  as  it  was  possessed  by  the 
aicluluke  Ferdinand  of  .'Austria,  and  the  principality 
of  AschaVtentJurg,  asit  made  part  of  the  duthy  of 
Frankfort. 

Ji.iaintenance  i>f  thepnnce  primate. 

45.  The  priuce  primate  to  be  treated  in  a  man- 
ner analagous  to  the  articles  of  the  ticces,  which  in 
iaOo  hxed.  the  situation  of  the  secularized  princes, 
and  shall  receive  fiom  the  Ist  of  June,  1814,  aii' 
annuity  of  100,000  rlorins,  payable  quarterly. 

Free  city  of  Frunkfrt. 

46.  The  town  of  Frankfort,  wuli  its  territory  as 
1.1  1303,  is  declared  free,  and  shall  make  a  part  of 
the  Gennanic  league.  All  tlic  different  reiig'ious 
sects  shall  be  on  aii  equality. 

Indeimnties  to  tiie  grand  diiloe  of  Hesse. 

47.  The  grraid  duke  of  Hesse  shall  obtaiH,  in 
exchange  Ibrtlie  ducliy  of  Westphalia,  ceded  to  the 

and  Saieck,  Bruckenau  widi   Morsen,  Saalnmnsterjkmg  of  Prus.-.ia,  the  sovereigsity  of  a  territory  on 


with  Urzcii,  and  Zoonerz,  the  part  of  the  bailiwick  ;tl 


WiiiCii  cferituuis  «li 


.Ms 


left  bank  of  the  llhine,  in   the  department  of 
nt  ToJMt'-rcj  conipreUeiiditig  a  popalatjon  of 


NILES'  WEEKLY  RECTSTP.R— CONGRESS  OF  TIETsNA. 


;l40,00a  inhabitants,  and  the  property  ort'iepai-t  of 
the  salt  mines  of  Krentzuricii,  sl-.uated  on  iiie  left 
bank  of  tiieNniie.  belong'in^'  in  s'jvereifjnty  lo  Prus- 
sia. 

Hcsfie  Jltinbitrcf. 

48.  Tiie  Landgrave  of  riesse  Hombiirg'  is  restor- 
ed to  his  possessioD-i,  reveaucs,  riglits,  and  other 
political  relations,    of  which  he  was    deprived  \\\ 
con'iequence  of  the  Rhenish  confederation. 
Territories  rena-vTd  for  the  house  of  Oldenlursfh,  Saxe- 

Cobur^,    J\Iscklenbuvg-3ireUlz,  and   the    count  of 
Pappcnheim. 

49.  In  tiie  ci-devant  department  of  the  Surre,  on 
the  frontiers  of  Prasiia,  a  district  of  a  popuLaiioii 

'  of  69/JOt)  souls  shall  be  disposed  of  in  the  follow- 
ing- manner:  the  duke  of  Saxe-Cobui'g-,  and  the  dukt 


inhabitants;     the 


of    Mecklenljursx-Streiitz, 


12.  Grand  ducal  and  ducal  kcusc  of 

Srcsony,  -  -  -     1 

13.  Eruns wick  and  Xassau,        -  1 

14.  Ivlecklenber^,      Hchweriti,     arid 

Strelitz,         -  -       .     '-'    1 

15.  Holstein,  Olrlenburr^,  Anhalt  and' 

Schv.'avtzenburg',  -  1 

16.  Hohcrzol!crn,Liciitenstein,Reuss, 

Sciiaumburg-  Lippe,   and  Wal- 
deck,  -  -  -     i 

17.  The  free  towns  of  Lnbeck,  Frank- 

furt, Bi-emen  and  Hamburg-,      I 


Total, 
Predde?'.cv  of  Aw.tria. 


votes. 


ST.  Austria  shall  pr-^side  at  the  federative  digi;- 


of  Oidenburgh  to  obi.-an  eacli  a  tcrriiory  of  20,000  every  state  of  the  confederation  shall  liave  the  ri|:;-ht 


and  xhe  iandg-ruve  of  tlesse-Mamburg-,  c;;ch  a  ter- 
■ritory  of  10,0jJ  iulikbitants;  and  the  count  of  Pap- 
pcnheim    to  be  under  the  sovercig-nty  of  Prussia. 
F-utiire  arrangement  relative  to  tliese  territories. 
50.  Tne  above  ^cquisilions  not  being-  contiguous 
to  the  respective  states,  the    emperors  of  Atistri 


and  Russia  and  the  kings  of  Great  Britain  and  Prus-  ral  ass^ 

.-,  promise  to  employ  tlielr  g-ood  oinces  to  effect 

'.vMntagoous  e.Kchange.'j  for  tiieni,   as   soon  as  cir- 

imstance^  will  permit.     In  the  meantime,  tlicse 

Uistricts  shall  be  provisionally  ui.der  the   Prussian 

administration,  for  the  beueftc  of  the  new  praprie- 

■  .rs. 

:imtrie3  on  both  banks  oj  the  Rhine  givf^n  to  Austria. 

51.  All  the  territories  and  possessions  on  the  left 
oank  of  the  Rhine,  in  the  old  departments  of  Fui- 

'da  and  Fr:iTikfort,  or   in   the    adjacent    countries, 

'placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  allies  by  the  treaty  of 

Paris  of  the  30th  Miy,   1814,  nut  disposed  of  by 

other  articles  of  the  present  treaty,  shall  belong-  to 

^I'lC  emperor  of  Austria. 

Isenbtirp. 

52.  Tlie  prlncipr.lity  of  Iscnburg  is  placed  vnifler 
2.  sovereignty  of  Austria,  and  sliall  be  regulated 

'  y  the  federative  coiistittition 

Germanic  confoderatian. 
'■'■'    The  sovereign  pnnccs  and  free  towns  of  Ger- 
-. my,  establish  among  themselves  a  perpetual  con 
'  Jieration,  v/iiich  snail  be.tr  the  namo  of  the  Germa- 
nic confederatioii. 

Object  of  the  confederatioii. 

54.  Tlic  object  of  the  coiifederation  is  the  ma  hi 
tenance  of  the  e.^tcrnal  aiid  internal  security  of  Ger- 
man}', tlie  independence  and  inviolability  ox  the  con- 
federated states. 

Eqv.alitii  of  its  members. 

55.  The  members  of  die  confederation  as.sucit 
arc  all  eqaal  in  right,  and  equally  obliged  to  sup- 
port the  union. 

Federative  diet. 
5G.  The  affairs  of  the  coafedevntion  shall  be  con- 
fided to  a  federative  diet,  in  which  all  the  members 
•ihaU  vote' by  their  plenipotentiaries,  either  iwlivi- 
'-i.i:diy  or  collectively,  in  the  folio vdng  manner,  with- 
Jilt  prejudigeto  their  rank: 

1.  Austria,        -  -  -  1  vote. 


ot  making  proposiiions,  and  tile  pre:;id:rig  state  is 
boimd  to  bring'  them  under  deliberation  within  a 
space  of  time  to  be  'txed. 

Componiiioh  of  the  sferteral'asseiiibh./. 
.■j8.  When  fundamental  lav/s  sh.".li  be  enacled  by 
C!)ang-es  made  in  the 'iundamcntal  laws  of  the  coii 
federation,  &.c.  tlie  diet  shall  form  itscif  into  a  gcnc- 


u'bly,  and 


in  that  case  the  distribution  o 


votes  shall  be  as  follows,  c:i!culated  according  to 
the  respective  extent  of  individual  states: 

Austria  4  votes;  Prtissia  4;  Sixony  4;  Bavari.i  <; 
Hanover  4;  Wurtemberg  4;  B:iden  3;  r'^ectorftl 
lieflse  3;  grand  duchy  of  Hesse  3;  Holstein  3;  I.nx- 
emburg  3;  Br-answick2;  Mecklenburg  Scl)werin2; 
Nassau  2;    Sa:ce-Vv''cimar  1;    Saxe-Gotha  1;    Saxc- 


2.  Prussia 

3.  Bavaria,        ... 

4.  Saxony, 

5.  Hanover,       ... 

6.  Wurtemburg-, 

7.  Baden,  ... 

8.  EiectorAl  Flessc, 

9.  Grand  duchy  of  Ilessc, 
10.  Denmark,  for  Holstein, 

H.  Nf  therlards.  ^ov  Liixemburg-, 


X 

1 

X 
I 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


Coburg-  1;  Sjxe-r.leiniuigen  1;  9axe-Hiidi:urghaus- 
sen  1;  Mecklenburgh  .Strelitz  1;  Holstein  Oiden- 
burg  1;  Anhalt  Dessau  1;  Anhalt  Brenbuvg  J;  An- 
halt Kothen  l^  Scivwartzenbutg  Sondershauss-jn  1; 
Schv.-artzen.burg  liudolstadt  1;  Hohenzollcrn  Heck 
hingen  1;  J^ichtenstein  1;  Hohenzoilern  Sigmariii- 
gen  1;  Waideck  1;  Reuss  Elder  Branch  1;  A'oimgel' 
i5ranch  1;  Sciiaumburg  Lijjpe  1;  Lippe  1;  t!ie  four 
free  towns  1  each — in  all  by  votes. 

Rules  respecting-  tiie  plnriUity  of  votes. 

59.  The  question,  whether  an  airair  shall  be  dis2 
cussed  by  tiie  general  assembly,  shall  be  decided 
in  the  ordinary  assembly,  by  tiie  plurali:.y  of  votes. 

Tiic  plurality  of  votes  siiail  be  the  rule  in  both 
assemblies,  with  this  ditfcrence,  that  in  theoriiinn- 
rv  assembly  an  absolute  plurality  shall  suTnce,  while 
in   tlie  otlier,  two-thirds  shall  be  necessary. 

The  diet  is  permanent,  but  mayadjoTtfn  from  ciiTic 
to  time. 

Order  of  vote.?. 

60.  Afier  drawing  up  organic  laws,  the  diet  sha'l 
deliberate  on  the  manner  of  h-ving  the  order  of  mol- 
ing, in  a  permanent  manner. 

61.  The  diet  siiall  sit  at  Frankfort  en  the  M.d;), 
and  open  on  the  1st  of  September,  1815. 

Fu::ila7i)ental  laivs. 

G2.  Tiie  fast  objcctof  die  diet  shall  I^e  t;.e  fram- 
jnf  fandaine.iCal  laws  for  tiie  confederation  and  oi- 
gan.ic.d  institutions,  reiuiive  to  its  externa!,  iiiiiita- 
ry  and  internal  relations. 

JMidiitenance  of  peacein  Germary. 

63.  The  states  of  the  confederation  engage  to 
defend  eacli  other  from  all  attack. 

When  War  is  begun,  no  member  can. enter  en 
.■;ep.trate  ncgociations. 

The  members  of  tne  confederation,  reserving  to 
themselves  the  right  of  forming  alliances,  oiiligc 
themselves  to  contract  no  engagement  contrary  to 
t!ie  security  of  the  confederatioii.    ' 

The  contcden'.ted  states  eng..gc  not  lo  make  war 
on  each  other  tmder  awy  pretext,  t tit  to  rubniit  wiSlr 
difference.s  to  the  diet. 


2^2^    NILE^^'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  Qf,,  1815. 


C4.  The  articles  jncliiuctl  under  the  llde  oi' parti- 
culor  liiipoh-itions,  in  the  act  of  tlie  Gcimanic  con- 
federation, to  have  the  came  foj-cc  as  if  here  in- 
certed 

Xingiliun  of  the  J\'ftherla?ich    and  grand    thichtj  of 
iMxemhwg. 

€5.  The  old  united  provinces  and  the  former  Bclr 
f^ic  provinces  shall  form  conjoint])-  witli  the  terri- 
tories desig'Tuited  in  tlic  foUowino;  article,  under  the 
sovereig'ntv'  of  the  prince  of  Orange  Nassau,  the 
Jv-Jng-dom  of  theNetlierlands. 
Limits. 

66.  The  liae  comprehending-  tiie  territories  v,-hicli 
compose  the  kint;-dom  of  the  Metlierlands  is  deter- 
mined in  the  following-  manner  t'— It  Jevives  the  sea 
ami  extends  along  the  frontiers  erf  Prance,  on  tlic 
side  of  t,hc  Iom'  countries,  as  fixed  hy  the  treaty  of 
Pai-is,  to  the  -Vleusc;  thence  along-  tlie  same  fron- 
tiers to  tlie  qld  limits  of  tlie  duchy  of  Uixenihurg-; 
thence  it  follovrsthe  direction  of  tiielinuts  between 
that  ducl>y  and  the  old  bishopric):  of  Lic,5e,  till  it 
meets  (to  the  soutli  of  Deitielt)  the  western  limits 
%  ithat  canton  and  of  that  of  Malmcdy,  to  the  point 
v.-Jicrc  the  latter  reaches  the  limiti;  between  the  old 


The  grand  duel)}'  of  TAixembnrg-  serving-  as  a, 
compensation  for  tlie  principalities  of  Xaysau,  Dil- 
lenburg-,  Siegen,  ITadam;.r  and  Dietz,  shall  form 
one  of  tlie  states  of  the  Gcimanic  confederation. 

The  town  ofLuxemberg  sliall  be  considered  in 
a  military  relation  as  a  fortress  of  the  confedera- 
tion. The  g-rand  duke  shall  however,  have  th? 
power  of  naming  the  governor  and  military  com- 
mandant of  the  fortress,  subject  to  tlm  approl}atioq 
of  the  executive  power  of  the  confederation. 
Limits  of  the  gi-and  duchii  of  Luxemburg. 

68.  The  grand  duchy  of  lyaxemburg  shall  consist 
of  all  tlie  tej-ritories  situated  lietween  tlie  kingdom 
of  the  Netherlands,  vsucli  as  it  has  been  designated 
in  article  66.  France,  the  Moselle,  as  far  as  the 
moutii  of  the  Sure,  the  course  of  the  Sure  as  far  as 
the  junction  of  the  Our,  and  the  course  of  this  last 
river  as  far  as  the  limits  of  the  former  French  can- 
ton of  St.  Yitli,  which  shall  not  belong  to  the  grand 
duchy. 

Airaiigemeni^  relative  to  the  grand  diiciij/  of  Bouillon. 

69.  His  m.ajesty  the  king  of  tlie  Nethei-lands, 
grand  duke  of  fluxcmburg,  sIl^U  possess  in  perpe- 
tuity of  himself  and  his  successors,  tlie  full  and  cn- 


lepiirtuients  of  tiie  Ourthe  and  the  Roer;  it  shall  1  tii'e  so^erignty  of  that  part  of  the  duchy  of  Bouil- 


thtn  g-o  along  these  limits  till  they  toucli  those  of 
Uic  former  FrcucI)  canton  of  Eupen  in  the  duchvof 
i-imburg;  and  following  the  western  limit  of  that 
can-.on  in  the  direction  of  the  north,  leaving  to  the 
riglit  a  sm;tll  part  of  tlic  former  French  car.ton  of 
Aubel,  joins  at  the  point 

old  departments  of  the  Ourtlie,  the  Lower  Mcuse 
and  the  Roer;  sptting  out  from  this  pohit,  the  said 
line  follows  tlvat  which  separates  these  two  depart- 
nients  till  where  it  touches  the  Worm  (a  river  f.Uliiig 
into  the  Roer)  and  go.ing  ajlong  tliis  river  till  the 
point  where  it  again  reaciies  t]ie"lj:nit  of  these  two 
departments,  pursues  this  limit  to  the  soutli  of  Ilil- 
iensburgh  (Uie  old  dcp.Hrtment  of  the  Roer)  re- 
mount.; from  tJicnce  tov^  ui-ds  the  iToi-tii,  and  leaving 
I^j'lensburgh  to  tlie  right,  and  cutting  the  canton 
of  Sittard  in  tv.o  parts,  nearly  cqu;il,  so  that  Sit- 
tard  and  Susteren  remain  to  the  left,  arrives  at  the 
old  Dutcli  territory ;  then  leaving  this  territory  to 
Ih.e  lefr,  it  follows  its  eastern  frontier  to  the  point 
where  it  toucliesthe  old  Aastrian  principality  of  the 
Gi^eldres.  on  the  side  of  the  Ruremondj  and'dircct- 
ing  itself' towards  the  most  eastern  point  of  tiie 
Dutch  territory  to  tlie  north  of  ScUwalmen,  conti- 
ntiej  to  embrace  this  territrov. 

Then  it  jouis^  setting  out' from  the  most  eastern 
pomt,  that  other  part  of  the  Dutch  territory  in  which 
Venloo  is  situated  ;  it  will  include  th;it  town  and  its 
territory.  From,  th-jjicc  to  t!ie  old  Dutch  IVonticr. 
Hear  Mook,  situated  below  Gcnap,  it  shall  follow 
t.ie  course  of  the  Mcusc  at  such  distance  from  tlie 
right  bank,  that  all  the  jihioes  whicli  are  not  dis- 
tant from  that  bank  mor.-  than  a  thousand  Ger- 
Vian  peiches  (Rheinlahdische  Ruthen)  -hall  belong, 
V'lth  their  territories,  to  the  kingdc:.a  of  the  Ne- 
therlands. 

From  the  point  where  this  line  reaches  the  old 
Dutch  frontier  to  the  Rhine,  that  frontier  snail  r^- 
mam  essentially  as  ii  was  in  179:,  between  Ckves, 
and  the  United  Provinces. 

'llie  enclavca  of  Jluisen,  Malburg,  I.vmcrs,  vath 

the  town   oi'  bavenaer,  and  the   lordsli'lp   of  Yveel, 

shall  make  part  of  the  kingdom  cf  the  Netherlands, 

and  his  Prussian  majesty  renounces  them,  forever. 

^      ^  ^land  tlucliy  of  Lii.cerr.burg 

67.  The  p.iit  of  the  old  duchy  of  Luxemburg 


ion,  -.vhich  is  not  ceded  to  France  by  the  treaty  of 
Paris,  and  under  this  arrangement  it  shall  be  imited 
to  the  grand  duch}-  of  Luxemburg. 

Some  disputes  having  arisen  with  rc.«pect  to  the 

said  ducliy  of  Bouillon,  he  of  the  com]:)etitors  whose 

or  contact  of  the  three l^--''''"^  shall  be   legally   established,   in   the  modcii 

hci-eafter  specified,  sliall  ]:osscss  in  full  properly  the 
said  Jjart  of  the  eluchy,  such  as  it  was  enjoyed  by  the  ' 
last  duke,  imder  the  sovereignty  of  his  majest}-  the 
king  of  the  Netherlands,  grand  duke  of  Luxemburg. 
Cessions  of  possessions  of  the  house  of  J\'assaii  Orange 
in  GertiHinv. 

70.  His  majesty  the  king  of  the  Netlierlands  shall 
renoimc.e  in  perpetuity,  for  him.'5elf,  his  successors 
:u-.d  descendants,  in  Tawc-  of  his  majesty  the  king  of 
Prussia,  tiie  sovereign  ]5ossesslons  which  the  housp 
of  Nassau  Orange  held  in  Germany,  luid  particulavly 
tlie  jn-incipalities  of  Dillenburg,  Deitz,  Scigen  and 
Mandanar,  comprising  the  lordship  of  Biclstom,  as 
those  possessions  were  definitively  arranged  be- 
tween the  two  branches  of  the  house  oi'  Nassau, 
by  the  treaty  concluded  at  the  Hague  on  the  14th 
,]uly,  1814.  His  majesty  cciu:dly  renounces  Ids  right 
to  tlie  principality  of  Falda,  and  to  the  other  dis-. 
trictg  and  territories  which  were  secured  to  him  by 
the  12th  article  of  the  ]>rinclpal  TTeir.?  of  tlie  extra- 
ordinary deputations  of  the  empire  of  the  25th  Fe- 
bruary,'1803. 

I\i;nil!/  compact  beln-een  the  princes  of  .JVassau, 

71.  The  right  and  order  of  succession  established 
between  the  two  l)ranches  of  the  house  of  Nassau 
hy  the  act  of  1783,  called  Nassau-sicher  Erbverein, 
is'  confirmed  and  transferred  from  the  four  princi- 
palities of  Orange  Nas.sau  to  the  grand  duchy  of 
Luxeinb-arg. 
Charges  and  engngewcpiS  cdherirg  to  the  provinces 

detached  from  France. 

72.  llis  majesty  the  king  of  the  Netherlands,  ia 
in  uniting  under  his  sovei-eignty  the  countries  de- 
.ignatod'in  the  66th  a^id  68tl\  articles,  enters  upon 
all  the  rights,  and  t.akcs  upon  himself  all  the  ex> 
pence  and  ail  the  stipulated  engagements  relative 
to  th.e  provinces  and  districts  detached  from  France 
by  tlic  treaty  of  peace  concluded  at  P:u-is  the  30th 
of  .March,  l"814. 

Act  of  virion  of  the  Fylgic  provinces. 


comprised  in  tlie  following  article,  is  equally  ceebj  7o.  His  maje .-^ty  the  king  of  the  Nedurlands,  hav-_ 
ed  to  the  sovereign  of  the  Netherlands,  who  shall  ing  recognized  and  sanctioned,  imdcr  the  date  of 
add  to  liis  title.^  grand  duchv  of  Laxemhurg:.  'the  2]  si.  July,  1  i}l%  a.s  the  bases  of  the  toiiioi^  cf  the 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS  OF  VIET^NA. 


oox 


Belglc  provinces  wllu  the  united  provinces,  the 
eight  .irticlcf!  conniined  in  tlic  document  annextVi 
to  the  present  trc;itv,  the  s:dd  articles  shall  have  tiie 
Banic  force  und  validity  as  if  they  were  inserted 
word  for  word 

,i fairs  of  Suitza-land. 

74.  The  integrity  of  "the  19  cantoivs  as  determined 
by  the  convention'of  the  29th  December,  1813,  is 
recognuzed  as  the  bases  of  the  Helvetic  system. 

Uniun  of  tlip  three  nnv  Cantons. 

75.  The  V:diais,  the  territory  of  Geneva,  and  the 
principality  of  Xeufchatel,  are  united  to  Switzer- 
land, Tlie  valley  of  Dappes  having"  formed  part  oi 
the  cantxjii  of  Viiud,  is  restored  to  it. 

76.  Tlie  bishopric  of  Basle,  Cxud  the  city  and  ter- 
ritory of  Bienne,  shall  be  united  to  the  Helvetic  con- 
federation and  form  part  of  the  canton  of  Benie. 

The  foUov.-ir.g  arc  exceptions  from  this  arrunjye- 
ment. 

l;;t.  A  district  of  about  three  srjnavc  lea^rjues,  in- 
cluding' the  communes  of  Allachweiler,  Sclia-nbiich, 
Obcrvveiler,  Tervveller,  Ettingen,  Fursteutcm,  Plot- 
ten,  VfsciHng'en,  Aesch,  Bruck,,Relnacji,and  Arlcs- 
heim,  shall  be  united  to  the  canton  of  Basle. 

2.  A  small  e;ic/rtrf,  situated  near  the  village  of 
Neuchalellois  de  I^i^-nierer,  wliieh,  at  present,  with 
re^ipect  to  civil  jurisdiction,  is  under  tlie  sovereign- 
ty of  the  canton  of  Xeufchatel,  and  wit.'i  respect  to 
criminal  jurisdiction  under  that  of  the  bishopric  of 
Basle,  shall  belong'  in  complete  sovercig'nty  to  the 
principality  of  Xcuicbatcl. 

liigiU.i  of  'the  iiiluibUcnts  of  the    cour.trics  imitcd  to 
Berne. 

77.  The  inhabitants  of  the  bishopric  of  Rasle,  and 
those  of  Bienne,  united  to  tlic  cantons  of  Uerne  and 
Rasle,  shidl  enjoy  iii  every  respect,  without  any  dis- 
tinction of  religion,  (n  hicii  siiali  be  inalntained  as  at 
present)  the  saine  political  and  civil  rig-iits  whicli 
are  enjoycdor  may  be  enjoyed  by  tliC  inhabitants  of 
the  anci'cr.t  parts  of  the  said  cantojis.  Uonsccjucntly 
tliey  slr.dl  have  an  equal  right  with  tiicni  to  fill  vhese 
functions  which  are  speciH.ed  in  tlie  conLtitutions  uf 
tlie  Clintons. 

The  sale  of  national  dominions  is  guaranteed  : 
and  tiie  feudal  rents  and  tythes  cannot  be  re-esta- 
blished. 

Lorthh/p  of  liatinio. 
7S.  Tlie  cession  made  by  the  5th  article  of  the 
ctreaty  of  Vienna,  of  tlie  14th  October,  1809,  of  the 
■lord.^hip  of  Jlazuno  enclave,  in  tiie  county  of  Grisons, 
having  ceased,  an.d  hi.s  Austrian  majesty,  being  re- 
stored to  all  his  riglits  with  respect  to  the  said  pos- 
sessions, conlii-ms  the  disposition  of  it  wiiich  he 
made  liy  tlie  dccl.iration  of  the  20tli  :March,  1815, 
in  favor  of  the  cantwn  of  the  Grisons. 

Arrmi^rcmenis  betr:cen  France  and  Geneva. 

79.  In  order  to  secure  tliecommercia!  and  milita- 
ry communications  of  Gene\a  with  the  canton  of 
Vand  and  the  rest  of  Switzerland,  and  to  complete 
in  tliat  resjject  tiic  4i.h  article  of  tlie  treaty  of  P;'.ris, 
his  most  christian  majesty  consents  to  place  the  line 
of  custom-houses  in  such  a  manner  that  the  road 
which  leads  from  Geneva  to  Veiry  into  Switzerland, 
shall  at  all  times  he  free,  and  that  neither  posts  no.- 
travellers,  nor  the  transit  of  merchandize,  siiall  be 
interru]3ted  by  i\ny  inspection  of  officer..;,  nor  sub- 
jected to  any  dut}-.  It  is  equally  understood,  that 
no  obstacle  shall  be  interposed  on  tlie  part  of  .Swii- 
xerland. 

■    The  rest  of  this  article  relates  to  similar  arrange- 
rangements  with  respect  to  other  parts  of  Switzer- 

iMld. 

C'ess-ioii  of  the  hins^jf  Sardinia  to  the  ranCou  of  Geneva. 

80.  Hjs  rn.uc.^ty  tjio  icing  of  H;vrdiiu.:^,  cedes  that 


part  of  Savoy  v/hich  i-r,  situated  l.ietween  the  river 
Arvc,  the  Rhone,  the  limits  o?  the  part  of  Savor 
ceded  to  France,  and  tlic  laountains  of  Salevc  ar. 
fa*  as  Veiry  inclusive,  together  wUh  tliut  wJiioJi 
is  comprised  between  tliat  gTeat  road  called  Simp- 
Ion,  tjie  lake  of  Geneva,  and  the  actual  ter.'-itory  of 
the  canton  of  Geneva,  from  Venezas  to  the  po^int 
where  tlie  river  of  Hcrmances  crosses-  the  said  road, 
and  from  thence,  following  the  course  of  that  river, 
to  its  mouth  in  the  lake  of  Geneva,  to  the  east  of 
the  village  of  Ilerniance  (the  wlioleof  the  road  cal- 
le<l  Simpion  conthnilng  in  tlie  possession  of  his  Sar- 
dinian majest}'.)  Tlie  country  to  be  united  to  th.e 
cantoji  ot  Geneva,  in  full  and  entire  sovereignty. 

His  Sardinian  m.ajesty  alsp  agrees  that  the  com- 
munication between  the  cantqn  of  Geneva  and  tlie 
Vallrais  by  the  road  of  Simpion,  shall  be  estabiisji- 
ed  in  the  same  way  agi-eed  ujjon  by  France  with 
respect  to  the  canton  of  \'alid  by  tlic  road  of  Vcr- 
cov.  A  front  passage  for  Genevese  troops  is  like- 
wise stipulated  ;  and  an  exemption  from  all  duties 
payable  by  merchandize  and  provision.?  in  passing 
from  the  S.ardinian  territory  and  the  frz-o  port  of 
Genoa.  This  exemption  a]3plies  only  to  transit  du- 
ties, and  does  not  apply  to  tolls  payable  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  road?,  nor  to  merchandize,  or 
provisions  intended  to  be  sold  or  consumed  in  the 
interior. 

Compeiisatlom  to  lie  eritcJAished  h?tr.<eeti  ike  ancient  end 
the  -new  cantons. 

81.  To  provide  mutual  compensations,  the  cantons 
of  Argovia,  ofA'aud,  of  Tessin,  of  .St.  Gall,  sJiali 
furnish  to  the  ancient  cantojis  of  Schweitz,  I'"nder- 
wald,  Uri,  Glaris,  Zug  and  .Vpiienzelle,  a  certain  sum 
v.'hich  shall  bc'applied  to  ]mbiic  instruction,  and  to 
the  expens.es  of  general  administration,  but  princi- 
pally to  the  former  object. 

The  canton  of  .\rgo\ia,  Yaud  and  St.  Gall,  sjiaiL 
furnish  to  the  cantons  of  Sciiweit';,  Undcrwaul,  T"ri, 
Ziig,  Glaris,  .Vppenzellc,  a  fund  of  500^000  Swi,'--:s 
livre.s.  The  canton  of  Te3sin  shall  pay  arinually  to 
the  canton  of  Uri  half  the  product  of  the  tolls  in 
the  Levantine  valley. 

82.  Th's  article  relates  to  the  fimds  placeil  in 
F.ngland,  by  the  cantons  of  Zurich  and  Berne,  bv 
which  it  is  decreed  that  those  cantor.s  shall  rct.ain 
the  property  of  the  capital  funds,  sucli  as  they  ex- 
isted in  ISO.3,  at  the  period  of  the  dissolution  of 
tlie  Helvetic  govcrnxncnt,  and  shall  enjoy  the  inte- 
rest as  it  accrues,  datintr  from  the  Ist  of  Jan.  1815. 
The  interest  which  has  accumulated  since  1793  to 
ISl'l-  inclusive,  shall  be  applied  to  tlic  discharge  of 
the  renifdning  capital  of  tlic  natiomd  debt,  desig- 
nated under  the  denomination  of  tlie  Helvetic  debt. 
The  surplus  of  that  debt  shall  rtniain  chargeable 
upon  the  other  cantor.s,  tliosc  of  Berne  and  Zuricii 


j'jing  exonerated.. 


I 

Tlie  districts  in.coiporateil  witji  Rv>'itzerland  since 
li>13,  shall  not  be  taxed  on  account  of  the  old  Hel- 
veiic  debts. 

8.3.  Provides  indemnities  for  the  pi-onrletors  of 
laruls. 

84.  Confirms  the  declaration  addrcs.'jcd  on  tiio 
3Gth  of  >£arcli,  1)\  tlie  allied  powers,  who  signed 
the  treaty  of  Pari-,  to  the  diet  of  tiie  Swiss  confe- 
dci-ation. 

limits  of  the  estates  of  the  ting  hf  Scrediiiia. 

85.  The  limits  of  the  estates  of  his  majesty  the 
king  of  Sardinia,  shall  be 

On  the  side  of  France  such  as  they  were  on  tlie 
1st  of  January,  179.2,  with  t'le  exception  of  thos' 
changes  caused  by  the  treaty  of  Paris,  1814: 

On  the  side  of  the  Helvetic  confederation,  sucli 
as  the}-  existed  on  the  Ist  Ja-.Viiary,  1792,.  -(Tiih  tlie 


22Q    NILliS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SAT4JIli;A  V,  JSOVFMBER25,  181.5. 


■eTtception  of  Ihc  change  produced  by  the  cession  in  of  the  Catnro,  the  city  of  Venice,  the  Ldcjuijics,  tCe 
t;ivor  of  the  canton  of  Geneva:  such  as  the  cession  same  as  the  other  provinces  and  dis'.ricts  of  TVra 
is  specifieLl  by  the  SOih  article  of  the  prescnl.  act;    i  Firma,   of  the  states  hiUierto  Venitirtn    on  t'tie  Icfc 

On  the  side  of  the   enipcroi*  of  Austria's  states,; bank  of  theAdig'c,  tlie  duoliies  of  Milan  and  M 
such  ?.s  they  existed  on  the  1st  of  January,  1792;  and 
the  convention  concluded  between  the  empress  Ma- 
ri.i  Tliere.s.i  and  liie  king-  of  Sardinkv,  on  the  4tii  of 
October,  17ol,  shall  be  mutually  mahitained: 

On  tnc  side  of  the  stales  of  Parma  and  Placcntia, 
the  limits  so  far  as  concerns  tlie  ancient  states  of 
tiie  king-  of  Sardinia,  shall  continne  the  same  as 
they  '.vcre  on  the  1st  of  Janitary,  1792. 

Tlie  limits  of  the  former  states  of  Genoa,  and  of 
the  counlries  called  im]3crial  fiefs-,  united  to  the 
.states  of  the  kingdom  of  .Sardinia,  according- to  tl'.e 
following-  articles,  shall  he  ti'.e  sajne  as  those  which 
on  the  1st  of  Januar}'  1792,  separated  those  colonies 
from  the  states  of  Purm;L  and  Placentia,  and  from 
thoijc  cf  Tuscany  and  Massa. 

The.  island  of  C:iprai->.j  \id;ich  formerly  belonged 
V>  the  republic  o^  Genoa,  is  included  in  the  ces- 
sion of  the  Gejioesc  territory  to  the  kiniy  of  Sar- 
dinia. 

Union  cf  Ge^oc,. 

85.  The  stat.-3s,  whicii  formerly  constituted  the 
republic  of  Genoa, ->.re  united  in  jjcrp^tuity  to  th.oije 
of  the  kinj^of  S.vrdinia,  to  be  possessed  by  him  in 
fall  sovereignty,  aiid  to  d.escend  in  the  male  line  in 
the  order  of  primogeniture,  throuj»h  the  two  branch- 
es of  his  house,  viz.  tiie  royal  branch  and  the  branch 
of  .S.avoy  Ca:  ignau. 

87.  The  kinp;  of  Sai-duiia  to  as.sumc  Ijie  title  of 
the  duke  of  Genoa. 

88.  The  Genoese  to  enjoy  all  the  rights  arid  privi- 
leges speciiied  in  tlie  act  entitled,  "conditions 
which  are  to  serve  as  the  bases  of  the  union  of  th.c 
Genoese  states  to  those  t)f  Sardinia.'-' 

U'liion  of  the  imperial  fiefs. 

89.  The  countries  called  imperial  h^jf;,  v.'hiph 
were  united  to  the  former  Ligurian  republic,  arc  de- 
finitely united  to  the  states  of  his  Sardiniaix  nyijes- 
ty  in  the  same  manne*"  as  the  rest  of  the  Genoese 
territory. 

liii^ht  of  fi rtifcatiori . 

90.  Ills  Sardinian  majesty  to  enjoy  the  same  right 
of  fortifying-  such  points  of  his  states  as  he  may. 
judge  proper,  in  the  same  Vv^ay  as  is  provided  by  the 
3d  article  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  v/ith  respect  to  the 
sovereigns  mIio  signed  the  treaty. 

Cescioi'.^  to  ihc  c.niioii  of  Geneva. 

91.  The  king  of  Sardinia  cedes  to  the  canton  of 
(?encva  tlie  districts  of  Savoy,  designated  in  tlie  ar- 
ticle flbove,  according  to  the  conditions  specified  iti 
the  act,  entitled  "cessions  made  by  the  king  of 
Sardinia  to  tlie  canton  of  Geneva." 

92.  The  provinces  of  the  Chablais,  and  of  Fauci- 
jjny,  and  all  the  territory  of  Savoy,  to  the  north  of 
Ugina,  belonging  to  the  king  of  Sardinia,  shall  be 
^art  of  iiie  neuuaiitj'  cf  S'.vitzerland,  according  as 
it  v-i"as  recognized  and  guaranteed  by  the  high  al- 
lied povvers. 

^Ancient  possessioii.'i  of  ^.lustria. 
•  93  The  pov.'crs  who  sign  the  present  treaty,  re- 
cognize the  emperor  of  Austria,  iiis  heirs  and  suc- 
cessors, as  legitimate  sovereign  of  t!ie  provinces  antl 
territories  wiiicii  were  ceded,  whether  wholly  or  hi 
part,  by  the  trti'des  ofCJampo  Formio,  1799,  of,Lu- 
aevillc,  in  1801,  of  Prcsburg  in  180:-,  the  addition- 
al convention  of  Pontainhleau  in  1807,  and  cf  Vi- 
enna in  1S09,  and  in  the  possession  of  those  provin- 
ces and  territories  v/luch  his  imperial  and  apostolic 
rsiajcsty  re-entered  in.to  in  consequence  of  the  last 
A-ar,  viz.  istria,  both  Austrian  and  Venitian.  Dalma- 
i\?,  the  Venethtn  :?les  of  thcj  Adriatic,  the  movith.f- 


tua,  the  principalities  of  Bri:;an  and  Trent,  tiic 
country  of  the  Tyrol,  the  Voralberg,  Austrian  and 
N^enitian  Friuli,  the  territory  of  Montefalconc,  Wie 
government  and  city  of  Trieste,  Carniola,  the  Upper 
Darintliia,  Croatia,  on  the  riglit  of  Saave,  Fiurae, 
the  Hungarian  Littorale,  and  the  district  of  Ca:- 
tua. 

Coiaitrlcs  muled  to  the  Austrian  mo7w.rchv. 

94.  Uy  this  article  his  imperial  m.:'.jesty  cbtzh,.; 
in    full  sovereignty  for  himself  and  sucessors 

1.  Besides  the  portions  of  terra  firma  of  the  Ve- 
nitian states  already  mentioned,  the  other  parts  ol 
of  the  said  states,  as  well  as  all  other  territories 
situated  between  the  Tessin,  the  Po,  and  the  Adri- 
atic sea, 

2.  Tlie  vallies  of  the  Valtcline,  of  Bormio,  and  of 
Cliiavenna. 

o.  I'hc  territories  which  formed  the  ci-dcvr.- 1 
republic  of  Ragusa. 

Austrian  frontiers  in  liatv. 

95.  On  the  side  of  the  king  of  Sardinia,  such  as 
they  were  on  the  ist  January  1792. 

On  the  side  of  Parma,  Placentia  and  GuastaVia, 
the  course  of  the  Po,  the  line  of  demarcation  fol- 
lowing the  Thalweg  or  v/ay  of  the  river 

On  ihe  sides  of  the  states  of  .Modena,  the  same  as 
they  \ycre  on  the  1st  Jannary  1792. 

On  the  side  of  tlie  papal  states,  the  course  of  the 
Po  as  i;u'  as  the  mou'.ii  of  the  Goro. 

On  the  side  of  Switzerland,  the  ancient  front^r 
of  Lom.bnrdy;  and  that  which  separ.itcs  the  vallies 
of  the  Valtoline,  of  Bormio  and  Ghiavenna  from  the 
canton.s  of  tite  Gri.sons  and  the  Te.ssin.  \Vhere  the 
course  of  the  Po  constittites  the  limit,  it  is  ag-reed 
th.at  the  changes  wliich  the  bed  of  that  river  may 
undergo,  shall  uot,  hi  future,  have  any  eflect  up- 
on the  property  of  tlie  islands  Cmnd  in  it. 
JWivi^aHon  if  t'ue  Po. 

9G.  Tlie  general  principles  adopted  by  UiO  coi- 
gi-ess  at  Vienna  for  the  n.avigation  of  the  rivcr>^:^ 
shall  1)0  applicable  to  that  of  th.e  Po. 

07.  This  article  provides  ;.*r.angcments  by  which 
tlie  establishment  known  under  the  name  of  Mount 
Napoleon  at  .Milan,  shall  he  enalded  to  fulfil  its  cn- 
g;^gements  towards  its  cicdiLors. 

States  ofModena,  Mas^a,  and  Carrara. 

98.  His  royal  highness  the  archduke  Francis 
D'Este,  his  heirs  and  successors,  shall  po-sscss  ia 
full  sovereignty  tne  duchies  ofModena,  Ueg-gio,  and 
Mirandola,  in  the  .same  extent  as  they  were  at  the 
signing  of  tiie  treaty  of  Cam.po  Formio. 

The  archduchess  Maria  Beatrix  D'Kste,  licr  hchs 
and  successors,  sliall  posses,';  the  duchy  of  Massa, 
ar.d  the  principality  of  Carrara,  as  w-eii  as  the  ii>)- 
perial  fiefs  in  La  lAmi;:inna. 

Parma  and  Placeiitic. 

99.  Her  m.ajesty  the  empress  Maria  I.otiisa,  shall 
possess  in  fall  sovereignty  the  ducides  of  Pariua> 
Placentia  and  Guastalhi,  will.;  the  cxcepiion  of  the 
districts  included  in  the  state  of  liis  imperial  ma- 
jesty on  the  left  bar.k  of  the  Fo. 

T'he  reversibility  of  these  countries  fhail  1)C  de- 
termined  by  the  common  consent  of  the  courts  of 
Austria,  Russia,  France,  Spahi,  England  and  Prus* 
.'■da,  always  taking  care  to  respect  tiie  rights  of  re- 
ver.si6n  of  .the  house  of  Austria  and  the  l±ig  of. 'Sar- 
dinia, on  the  said  countries.     ;•     ■ 

I'osces^ivns  cf  tlw  grari.d  diil^'p  of  Tuscany. 

109.  The  archduke  Ferdinaiui,  of  Austria,  is  re- 
s*orod   to  nil   lii,5  rights    oi  sovereignty  over.  i\\%. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  RESISTSa-CONGIlESS  OF  VIENNA. 


<W/w'/ 


f^and  duchy  of  Tuscany  and  its  -  dependencies,  as 
lie  possessed  them  before  the  treaty  of  I.unevilie. 
'  The  stipulations  ot"  the  seccad  ivlicle  ofthelrea.- 
tf  of  Vienna,  of  the  3d  of  Ocloher,  i7r>5,  between 
the  emperor  Churlcu  VI.  and  the  kinfj  of  France,  to 
wJiich  the  other  powers  acceded,  are  fully  re-esta- 
Blisl'Sd  In  favor  of  his  invijcrial  hig-hness  and  his 
descendants  ;  as  v/ell  as  the  g'uarantces  resulting' 
from  those  sripvdation:;. 

The  following'  territories  in  addition  hve    to   be 
united  to  tlse  grand  duchy,  and   possessed  by  the 
grand  duke  Ferdinand  and  liis  heirs. 
■  1.   The  fctutcs  of  Presides. 

2.    'rh:'.tp.a't  of  the  isiaud  of  Elba  and  its  appur- 
tenance.';, which  v.'ere  under  tlie  superiority  of  the 
king' of  the  two  Sicilies  before  the  year  1801. 
"S.    The  sovereignty  of  the  principality  of  P;c:ri- 
Kno,  ai:d  its  dependencieB. 

PrincibaHtn  of  Poimhino.  -' 
Prince  Ludouist  Buonconip.;g-ni  retains  for  hiir.- 
selfand  his  legitimate  succesors  all  the  properly 
Y.'hich  his  family  posscsswl  in  the  principality  of 
Piombino,  in  the  island  of  Elba,  and  its  dependen- 
cies, before  the  occupr.tior.  of  thut  country  by  the 
French  troops  in  1799. 

4.  The  former  imperial  fiefs  of  Vernio,  Mcntauto 
snd  Monte   Santa    Maria,  inclosed  in  the    Tuscan 

Duc'nij  of  Lxtcca, 

Tlie  principality  of  Lucca  shall  be  possessed  in 
full  sovoreiCTty  by  her  majesty  the  infanta  Maria 
Louisa  and  descendants,  in  the  direct  male  line. — 
The  principality  is  erected  into  a  duchy,  and  shall 
have  a  form  of  government  founded  upon  the  prin- 
ciples of  ihat  which  it  received  in  1805. 

A  rent  of  500,000  francs  is  added  to  the  revenue 
of  this  principality,  to  be  paid  reg'ularly  by  the  em- 
peror of  Au.^tria  and  tiie  jjrand  duke  of  Tuscany,  as 
long  as  circumstances  shall  prevent  them  from  pro- 
curing for  her  majesty  tlie  infunta  jiaria  Louisa,  and 
-to  her  son  and  her  descendants,  some  other  cstab 
iisiuuent. 

102.  Theduchy  of  Lticca  sh::.ll  be  reversible  to 
tl-.e  grand  duke  of  Tuscany,  in  case  of  the  dcatli  of 
her  majesty  the  infanta  Mru'la  Louisa,  or  her  son  Don 
Carlos,  and  of  their  descendants;  or  in  case  the 
infanta  Maria  Louisa,  or  her  direct  heirs,  shall  ob- 
tain any  ol!\er  estabiiskment,  or  succeed  to  any  o- 
ther  branch  of  their  dynasty. 

'The  gr.md  duke  of  Tuscany,  in  case  the  said  re- 
version shall  fail  to  him,  engages  to  cede,  as  soon, 
as  he  enters  into  the  possession  of  Lucca,  to  the 
duke  or'  .Modena,  the  following  teiTitories  : 

1.  The  Tuscan  districts  of  Fivizr.no,  Pietri'., 
.  Sante  and  Barga. 

2.  The  Lucca  districts  of  Castiglione  and  Calli- 
«ano  ivicloscd  in  the  states   cf  Modena,  as  well  as 

"those  of  Minueciano  andMonto  ignoso,  contiguous 
to  the  country  ofMassa. 

lii.^prjution  relative  to  the  Holy  See. 

103  The  IsLircheSj  with  Camerlno  and  their  de- 
pendencies as  well  as  tlie  duchy  of  Benevento,  and 
the  principality  of  Ponto  Uorvo,  ai-e  restored  to  the 
holy  see. 

The  holy  see  to  resume  its  possessions    of  the 
Icngations  of  Ravenna,  Bologna,  and  Fcrrara,  with 
the  exception  of  tliat  pai't  of  Ferrara,  situate  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Po. 

Kis  imperial  nuijcsty,  and  his  successors,  have  the 
right  ofgarriaonin  the  fortresses  of  Ferrar.i,  and 
Commachio. 

104.  Declares  the  re-estabJ^sbincEt  of  PerJrki-ajid 
iV.  on  the  thro:;  e  of  Naples-. 


.Affairs  of  Portugal. 

105.  The  pov.-ers  i-ecognize  the  j>istlce  of  the 
claims  made  by  liis  royal  highness  t^ie  prince  re- 
gent of  Portugal,  on  the  city  of  Olivcnza  and  t!ie 
other  teiTitorics  ceded  to  Spain  by  tiie  treaty  of 
liadajoz  in  1801,  and  consideriiTg  tneir  restitution 
as  one  of  the  measures  proper  to  confirm  between 
the  two  kingdoms  of  the  peninsula,  tiiat  compieic 
and  stable  liarmony,  the  preservation  o{  which 
throughout  Europe  has  been  the  constant  object 
of  their  arrangements,  forinally  engage  themselves 
to  emplo}',  for  the  purpose  of  conciliation,  the  mos^t 
efhcacifms  eflbrts,  in  c.'dcr  lliat  the  retrocession  of 
tlie  said  tarritc/ies  in  favor  of  Portugal  may  be  ff- 
fected.  And  the  powers  recognized  as  i'^a-  as  de- 
pends on  each  of  them,  that  this  .arangemcnt  should 
take  place  forthwith. 

JRelations  Oetivecn  Frar.ce and  Portugal.- 

106.  In  order  to  remove  the  diiTiculties  vi^hich 
inierposed  to  prevent  the  prince  regent  of  Poitu- 
gal  from  ratifying  the  treaty  signed  ou  the  SOtli 
-"May,  1814,  between  Portugal  and  France,  it  is  de- 
creed I'nat  the  stipulation  contained  in  the  lOlh  ar- 
ticle of  tiiat  treaty,  and  all  those  which  relat*i  to  it, 
are  null  and  void,  and  shall  be  replaced  bv  the 
provisions  contained  in  the  foilov.'ing-  ar'dcle — (All 
tiic  oiher  clauses  of  tlie  s;ad  treaty  of  Paris,  are  to 
be  m.iintained  and  fulhlled.) 

10".  His  royal  hignness,  the  prince  regent  of 
Portugal,  to  manifest  his  higii  ccnsiderutlon  for  his 
mostchristian  majesty,  agrees  to  resiore  to  iiis  said 
m.ijesty  Frencii  Guiana  as  far  as  the  river  Cvapoek, 
the  inoutii  of  whicii  is  situated  betvv-eeu  the'  fourth 
and  fifth  decf^-ees  of  north  latitude,  a  limit  which  Por- 
tugal has  always  considered  as  thatwhich  v/as  fivcd 
by  tlie  treaty  of  Utrecht. 

The  time  forgiving  up  this  colony  to  be  detci-- 
mir.cd  as  seon  as  circumstances  will  permit,  by  a 
pariicular  agreement  betv/cen  the  two  courts'.: — • 
And  they  shall  proceed  in  a  friendly  manner,  as 
soon  as  possible,  to  tiie  definite  fixing  of  the  linute 
of  Poruiguesc  and  French  Guiana,  confonnabiv  k. 
tlie  precise  nieaulng  oftiic  8th  oi'ticle  of  the  treaty 
of  Utrecht. 

GEXERAX.  DISrOSITIOXS. 

J\'avi^ation  of  rivers. 

108.  The  powers  whose  states  are  sepkrated,  oi- 
crossed  by  tlie  same  navigaljle  river  engage  to  a?- 
range,  by  common  consent,  ail  that  rcgarils  the  na- 
vigation of  sucn  river.  For  tiiis  purpo.se  they  shali 
naiBC  comnrdssioncrs,  who  ihali  assemble  at  latest 
.witiiin  six  months  after  the  congress,  and  wl^o  siiall 
take  as  the  basis  of  tiicir  work,  the  principh..  •. .-, 
tablislied  in  Uie  foilbwing-  articles. 

109.  The  navigation  from  the  scuvce  to  the 
mouth  of  the  rivers  shall  hi:  perfectly  free,  and 
shall  not  widi  respecx:  to  eommerce,  be  forbidden, 
to  any  bod}',  the  regulations  for  the  police  being- 
complied  with,  which  shall  be  made  uniformj  as  fa- 
vorable to  trade  as  possible. 

110.  Thcsystemforuiereceiptoftax.es,  as  weli 
as  for  the  police,  slii-ill  be  the  same  along*  the  whole 
course  of  the  river,  and  shcdl  apply  to  its  navigable 
branches,  as  far  as  circumstances  permit. 

TuriJ/: 

I'l.  Tlie  duties  on  navigation  shall  be  fixed  in  a 
uniform  and  invariable  niaunar,  and  so  indeijcndciu. 
of  the  natiu'C  of  tl*i  merchandize  as  to  render  all 
examination  of  the  ca;-go  unnecessary.  The  amount 
of  tiic  duties  shall  not  exceed  the  sum  iiovv  paid, 
and  shall  be  determined  by  local  and  existing  cir 
ctunstancej. 

In  fixing  tlie  tlie  tarlif,  the  object  shall  be  to  en 
couri'ge  «»EiMK3i-ce,  by  fuKaiiituting  nayigatioiij  la-': 


028    NIIiES^  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  25,  1815 


the  impost  established  on  the  Rliine,  sliall  serve  as 
the  approximative  I'lilc.  WJicn  once  the  tariff  is 
.settled  it  shall  not  be  altered  but  by  common  con- 
sent of  the  states  interested. 

112.  The  olTicers  of  receipt  shall  be  as  few  as  pos- 
sible, to  be  fixed  by  common  consent. 

113.  Everv  river  state  sliall  be  charn;ed  with  the 
maintenance"  of  the  towing-  paths  through  its  terri- 
torv,  and  other  works  necessary  for  the  uninterrupt- 
ed navip^ation. 

114.  The  customs  due  to  tlie  states  shall  have  no 
connection  wKh  the  payincnt  for  navigation.  C  .cc 
shall  be  taken  that  the  officers  oppose  no  unneces- 
sary obstacles  to  navig:aiion. 

Ileqiilation. 

1  ]  6.  All  that  Is  contained  in  t!ic  preccdins?  articl'^s 
shall  be  determined  by  a  mutual  reg-ulation,  v.'h.ch 
sliall  include  all  that  is  necessary  to  fix  uUimatclv. 
The  regulation  cannot  be  clKm[>,-ed  without  the  con- 
sent of  all  states  bordering-  on  the  rivers. 

JVavijj-atioii  of  the  Jihiiie,  A'^ecker,  &c. 

117.  The  particular  rcg-uLitions  for  the  navig-ation 
of  tlie  Rhine,  the  Ncckcr,  the  Maine,  the  .Moselle, 
tlie  Meusc,  the  Scheldt,'  which  are  aifixed  to  the 
present  act,  shall  have  tlie  same  force  as  if  they  were 
inserted  in  the  text. 

CorifirmatMits  of  irealie.t  and  particular  acts. 

The  treaties,  conventions,  declarations,  reg-u.la- 
tions  and  other  special  acts  which  are  annexed  to  the 
present  act,  viz. 

1.  The  treaty  between  Russia  and  Austria,  of  the 
22d  April  (4th"May)  181.5. 

2.  The  treaty  between  Russia  and  Prussia,  of  the 
21st  April  (3d  May)  1815. 

3.  The  additicnal  treaty  relative  to  Cracow  be- 
tween Austria,  Prussia  ;md  Russia,  of  die  21st  April 
C3d  May)  1815. 

4.  T!ie  treatv  between  Prussia  and  Saxony,  of  the 
18th  May,  1815. 

5.  The  declaration  of  the  king  of  Saxony  on  the 
rig-hts  of  the  house  of-  Schoenb'argh,  of  the  I8th  of 
Ai\v,  1815. 

6.  The  treaty  between  Prussia  and  Hanover  of  the 
29th  May,  1815. 

7.  The  convention  between  Prussia  and  the  grand 
duke  of  Saxe  Weimar. 

8.  The  convention  between  Prussia  and  the  duke 
and  prince  of  Nassau. 

9.  The  act  on  tlie  federative  constitution  of  Ger- 
many. 

10.  The  treaty  between  the  liiug-  of  tlie  Ix)w 
^oiuitries  and  Prussia,  England  Austria,  and  Russia, 
of  1815. 

11.  Declaration  of  the  powers  on  the  affairs  of 
t'.'.e  Helvetic  confederation,  of  tlie  20th  March,  181.5, 
and  the  act  of  atcession  of  the  diet,  of  the  28tii 
of  March. 

12.  The  protocol  of  the  26tli  of  Mai'ch,  1S15,  on 
tlie  cessions  made  by  the  king-  of  Sarduiia,  to  the 
canton  of  Geneva. 

IJ.  The  ti-caty  between  the  king  of  Sardinia,  Aus- 
tria, England,  kus.sia,  I'rusaia  and  France,  of  the 


14.  The  act  entitled  ''Condition!*  which  serve  as 
the  basis  of  the  union  of  tlie  states  of  Genoa  with 
tnose  of  his  Sardiijian  majesty." 

15.  The  declaration  of  the  powers  on  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  slave  trade. 

16.  The  I'egulatioas  of  the  committee  of  naviga- 
tion. 

IT,  The  regulations  respecting  the  rank  of  the 
diplomatic  agents — 

Are  considered  as  integral  parts  of  the  arrango- 
h^t^nts  of  tlie  ccngr«!is,  and  shall  have  thrs'd^hout 


tiie  same  force  and  validity  as  if  tliey  were  iiiserteii 
wovd  for  v/ord  in  the  general  treaty. 

111).  x\ll  the  powers  assembled  at  congress,  aS 
well  as  the  princes  and  free  towns  who  have  con- 
curred in  the  ai-rangemcnts,  and  in  the  acts  confirm- 
ed in  this  general  treaty,  are  invited  to  accede  to  it. 

120.  Tlie  French  l;ul!:^uag•eiia^'ing  been  employed 
exclusively  in  all  the  copies  at  the  present  treaty,  it 
is  declared  by  the  powers  that  have  concurred  in 
tlie  :ict,  that  the  emplwment  of  that  language  shall 
;iot  be  drawn  into  a  precedent  for  the  future  ;  so 
Uiat  evei-y  po-\vcr  reserves  to  adopt  for  itself  in  fu- 
ture negociations  and  conventions,  the  language  it 
has  hcretotbre  employed  in  its  diplomatic  relations, 
wltliout  the  citation  of  ihib  treaty  as  an  established 
ex.imple  to  the  contrary. 

121.  Tiie  present  treaty  shall  be  ratified,  and  the 
raiificailons  exchanged  within  six  months,  and  by 
the  court  of  Portugal  in  a  year,  or  sooner,  if  pos- 
sible. 

A  copy  shall  be  deposited  at  Vienna,  In  the  ar- 
chicves  of  the  court  and  state  of  his  imperial,  royal 
and  apostolic  majesty,  in  case  any  of  the  courts  of 
Europe  shall  find  it  expedient  to  consult  the  original 
text. 

In  faitli  of  which,  the  respective  plenipotentlarieB 
have  signed  it,  and  ailixed  to  it  the  seals  ot 
their  arms. 

Dbne  at  Vienna,  on  the  ninth  of  June,  in  the 
year  of  grace,  one  tiiousand  eight  hundred 
and  fifteen. 
Here  follows  the  signatures  in  the  alphabetical 
order  of  the  courts  : 

.^.mtna ^Pi-lnceMETTEUxicH,        . 

C  Baron  Wesseneerc. 
Spain 

r  Prince  Talletraxd, 
France... .r ^  Duke  of  DALBF-n.-j. 

(  Count  Alexis  Dt  Xoaieik's. 

r'CLASf-An.rr, 
Great  Britain.  <  Cathcaut, 

(_S-riiWAn-r. 

r'Count  Palmet.la, 
Portugal. <  Antomo  ur,  Saldasiia7)e  Gam.i 

^  JOAaCI.-T  LOBOnA  SlLVEinA. 

Fnmia ^  P"»ce  Hahhij^heug, 

^  IJaron  Humholdt. 

f" Prince  Rasotmoitkfski, 
liiisfia.... s  Count  SrAKELBKne, 

C  Count  Nesseltiodk. 
Snueden Count  Axee  LoewexhieS.m. 


SCRAPS. 
!Mr.  Scoresby,  of  V.'hilby,  has  announced  a  d^* 
termination  to  visit  the  north  pole.  Tlic  Greenland 
ships  advance  to  81;J  degrees,  so  that  it  may  not  be 
impracticable  to  ti'avcl  over  the  ice  in  eighteen  or 
twenty  days.  [^London  pup. 

Hahmont  of  -wives. — Died,  a  .short  time  since,  in 
Cambridge,  New- York,  ?,Ir.  Soloman  Crongc,  of  a 
womid  in  the  hand,  by  the  cut  of  a  scythe,  which 
occasioned  mortification.  Vv'hat  was  most  singulai* 
in  the  life  of  the  deceased,  was  the  fact,  tliat  h-e 
married  two  sisters,  with  each  of  whom  he  lived  al- 
ternately a  week  at  a  time,  during  the  whole  pmod 
of  his  conaubiai  connection,  and  b)-  cacii  of  whom 
he  had MJr/c;«i  children.  The  two  families,  whose 
houses  were  not  very  distant  from  each  other,  main- 
tained t^ie  utmost  harmony  and  affection  between 
them,  and  were  all  present  (two  wives  and  26  chil- 
dren) at  the  funeral  of  tlicir  common  husi»and  and 
parent,  wiiom  tl>e  fojl'^wed  in  mournful  silen<ie  to 
the  grave.  i^rr^^W^i  Itcjjonr^^ 


■^  I. ><■».-■» 


NILE 8'   WEEKLY   RI^CHS'T'E^ 


U 


No.   14  OP  Vol.   IX. ]  BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  1815.         [wuolk  jto.  222. 


Ilac  olim  meminisse  jitvabit.—'Yinr.nj. 


PUINTED  AND  PUBLISHED   BY   H.  :N1LKS,   NO.   29,  SOUTH  CALTERT-STnfiT.Ti  .*T  g5  PF.n  A?J>fr^r. 


We  have  received  an  interesting-  orisj^inal  review 
of  the  review  of  the  life  of  the  duke  of 'Wciling-ton, 
inserted  in  the  13tii  vol.  of  the  (London)  Quarterly 
Review — and  been  furaished  with  a  copy  of  ail 
Article  in  replication  to  the  attack  upon  g'en.  Jlrm- 
siroiig-  by  g-eneral  Wilkimon,  in  what  are  said  to  be 
extracts  from  his  address  to  the  conrt  martial  licld 
last  winter,  inserted  in  the  Registkii  of  the  15th 
of  April  last.  Every  man  "has  a  rit^ht  to  be  heard 
by  hinjself  or  by  counsel,"  and  having-,  rather  inad- 
vertantlyi  admitted  tlii?  attack,  we  feei  bomid  to  rt- 
feordtlie  defence,  and  here  the  business  shall  stoi>. 

PREFATORY  REMARIii^ 
Long-  as  I  h.ave  been  accustomed  "to  appear  be- 
fore the  public  in  print,"  I  frankly  confess,  that  I 
feel  no  little  anxiety  foi-  the  fate  of  the  article  thai 
occupies  so  larj^e  a  portion  of  this  sheet — a  portion 
that  I  should  hardly  have  felt  myself  justified  in 
appropriating'  to  it,  (to  the  exclusion  of  otJier  mat- 
ter) if  its  room  had  not  been  nearly  supplied  by  the 
graluilou^  supplement  I  have  the  honor  to  present 
to  my  readers.  Tiiis  anxiety  arises  from  the  na- 
ture of  the  thing-  itself  1  iiave  ventured  upon  un- 
trodden ground,  and  attempted  thing-s  of  fearful 
amounts',without  precedent  or  guide,  in  many  cas^s 
t)f  no  little  importance,  relying-  on  my  own  fallible 
judgment,  diverted  too  of  en  from  iis  pursvuts  by 
the  numerous  and  perjilexing  concerns  of  an  estab- 
lishment like  this,  in  vv'hich  all  that  belongs  to  its 
Various  departments  exists  and  depends  on  myself 
I  ask  for  it  a  candid  perusal — I  believe  is  is  calcu- 
lated to  interest  the  niost  of  my  readers,  and  to  pro- 
voke a  spirit  of  enriuiry  that  may  be  usefid;  and, 
certainly,  there  is  not  p.  line  or  word  in  it  that  can 
offend  any  of  my  countrymen:  to  whom  it  will  ap- 
pear, that  tiie  letter,  though  addressed  to  Mr.  Cob- 
betl,  is  as  well  adapted  to  tlicir  own  uses.  Its  length 
is  formidable,  but  there  is  a  variety  in  its  content 
that  may  assist  to  relieve  its  tedioiisuess.  What- 
ever of  merit  or  of  folly,  of  truth  or  of  erroi-,  there 
may  be  in  the  calculations,  it  belong.s  entirely  to 
myself;  and,  if  I  have  succeeded  in  presenting  such 
general  views,as  shall  instruct  or  amuse  the  patrons 
bf  die  R'iiGisTEii,  or  aflbrd  new  excitements  to 
cleave  to  the  republic — or  raise  up  a  spirit  of  in- 
vestigation that  may  develope  the  ficts  1  have  es- 
sayed to  establish,  all  my  objects  will  be  accom- 
plished. 


To  Ml-.  Cobbett, 

Proprietor  of  the  Weekly  Political  Register. 

PAllT    THF,    SECOND. 

SIR, — Having  touched  upon  a  few  subjects  as 
freely  as  I  thought  the  'freedom  of  the  Brifish  press' 
■would  allow,  I  shall  how  proceed  to  exiublt  some 
of  the  many  reasons  on  which  I  build  my  preference 
for  a  republican  representative  government  over 
&ny  other  that  lias  yet  been  contrived  to  secure  ihe 
happiness  of  society;  thougii,  even  in  this  sort  of 
government,  if  the  "legitimates"  arc  to  be  believ- 
etl,  '^the  people  are  their  own  v.'orst  enemies,"  and. 
J'cquire/)/-);eci'MH— "deuvkhaxcf.,"  by  tlie  rjon!:l-be- 
ihoblisse  funning  a  balance  affaumt  tke-.n.  However, 
'  do  not  believe  this  doctrine,  nor  wmi'd  I  believe  it. 


each;  and  there  was   a 
gate,"  among  the  rest 


though  all  the  gmwrhmintpnifs  a  in  tiie  world  \i'er& 
to  preacli  it  until  they  were  as  thin  as  -.shipping' 
p'j.^t.t.  But  tliert2  is  no  dang-er  of  tiiis—tliose'  geii« 
tlcmen  v/ill  never  carry  their  zeal  so  far  as  to  p.irt 
vvitii  their  .fubsience, 

We  read  in  tiie  good  book — a  t)dok  that  tiiei/  v.'hd 
pension  and  pay  the  priests  and  prostiiiiles  of  Ju.^^ 
^(^niaut  iiWf^cX.  to  have  a  deep  interest  in  circulatiiig 
— that  "a  cornjpt  tree  c  mnot  bring  forth  good 
fnii?."  Tliisidca  was  beautiPjlly  cornmtnted  '.ifiort 
in  the  grand  priicession  we  iiad  in  3:,J:!aore  dn<-iii^ 
the  embargo,  intended  to  shew  tiiai  our  own  pro- 
per resources,  assisied  by  your  ordcis  in  councilj 
would  soon  make  us  independent  of  you.  Trils,  pro- 
cession contained  abont  six  thousand  men;  Very 
many  of  the  trades  and  arts  were  exiiibiied  on  high- 
ly ornamented  stages,  dra\m  by  4,  6  and  8  Isrrses 

ship— a  littlft  "rir-b-ailt  frl^ 
I  had  charge  of  a  prhvin^ 
press — one  of  the  first,  I  -.vas  told,  that  Fi'ihikHii 
ever  owned;  a  venerable  macldne,  at  ^Wiicii  '\\''n-k- 
men  were  employed  in  printing  an  ode  to  ind''j>e.n~ 
dance  as  we  moved  tiirough  tiie  streets,  s.nd  we  ij;id 
type-fouriders  and  book-binders  at  \4ock.  on  liie 
same  stage.  Tiie  farmers,  about  C'JO  rArongj  tdolc 
the  lead — tliey  had  a  large  stage  fiiiely  d8Cor;'.tf;;J. 
with  the  implements  and  produc  ions  t)f  die  hus" 
b.an.dman.  In  the  f^'ont  was  a  beautiful  tve?j  whicli 
a  luxuriant  vine  had  selected  for  its  risin'%\  t-r;tns? 
planted  entire  and  fixed  firmly;  fio'H  tiiO  tcip  of 
this  tree  M-as  displayed  a  rich  slili  flag,  w*itli  the 
motto— "tht:  thbe  i9  kxowx  by  its  F«triT— to-i-v  .4i/ 

ttIS  PKOPLX  A^n  JCDRK  OF  THH  GOVEIISJIBNT."     S(r  .2t 

US  judge  a  r^pdhlic  and  a  monarchij. 

As  we  are  nruch  better  .i',-,qu.tinted  wltli  i.!i^  riatiire 
and  effect  of  your  govcrnmchtj  and,  indeed.  srS 
more  deeply  interested  by  its  gdod  or  evil  vendun- 
cy  tiian  by  that  of  any  other  except  our  own,  I  selccE 
it  to  furnish  my  contrasts,  for  we  see^  undersrandj 
and  appreciate  almost  every  thing  by  comparii^fW; 
And,  certainly,  the  friends  of  royalty  wil'   ft-el  ]\.i\)^ 


py  at    this  selection;    for  ycur  govfcriimcht  is 


ths 


"buHarlc  of  the  religion  and  the  Ul)erties  df  f.hd 
world'."-— as  might  easily  be  pfcsved  by  taki:ig  st  lorifc 
round  the  Cape  nf  Govd  Jhpe,  if  evidf-nCs  werB 
wanting  in  Europe!  It  is  possible,  that  some  p:f.'ts^ 
of  the  picture  1  may  make,  will  suroris?  some  cf 
your  countryinen,  as '>^'ell  .as  of  my  own;  i.\v\  h  may 
iiurt  the  pride  .and  appear  "slicJcking— quite  siiock^ 
ing"  to  others- wnose  nerves  are  too  (Ic-iicite  id^ 
m^et  ihe  tnith.  Tiiis  gives  me  lio  -.McasinesSi  if 
raynUtj  must  ne^ds  be  otlended  with  the  truth,  l" 
Cure  not. 

In  tlie  ext!:a-supplcmcnt  to  tlie  8th  vol.  of  my 
Weekly  REfjisrsa,  I  republished  your  exceilen!  Un- 
ter  to  lord  Grenville,  dated  tite  27th  of  .Tunej  ItilSi 
Tliere  are  very  few,  perhaps,  none,  of  the  points,  ycu 
ii.ive  touched",  that  I  sa.dl  affect  to  aiitc-.id;  but 
;he)-c  arc  otiiers  of  great  moment  that  have  n-)t  heert 
.attended  to  at  all,  and  I  request  your  patience  (.-nd 
tliat  of  all  who  may  honor  me  by  rdading  tai.s  airtif 
cle)  wnile  I  pruceed  to  aivinv^siigation  of  ti»eni.  t 
4hall  bo  as  brief  as  Ic-rtn;  bui:  some  of  tiie  subjects 
.;ppcar  so  verv  copious  th.at  I  amnot  wiihout  ap- 
prehensions of  bein^  tnou^'ht  tedious — t!ie  timig-' 
that  a  writer,  fa?  the  people,  onjj'ht  alwavs  to  avf»i»l- 


230    NILBS'  WEEKLY  REmSTEil— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2, 1815. 


UMITE^-)  SXATRS. 

P')PT7T,ATio:>f.     ixj'Ses   tluf  note  ai  the  end. 
Tiic  f;.)piil:i,tioa  of  the  colonies  tliul  now  form  tlie 

Uni.eu  States,  in  IToS,  wa.s  1,'J5S,0d0 

Bf  "uit  reguUr  ceasiis  of  1790  3.929,326 

T>v  llse  s.une  of  loUO  5, 503,666 

Bv  liie  same  of  IrflO  7,239,903 

Al  pvcssiiL,  li>i5,  cstimjiteu  at  8,?;>.',0ui,' 


The  hicreiise  la  32  years  from  1758  to 

l/9.iv/a; 


10 

«    1790  to  1300 

10 

"  laojtoirSio 

5 

"    ISlOtolSlJ 

^  2,871,326 

1,374,340 
1,936,237 
1,2&0,097 


ENGLAND.* 
PopuiATioN  in  1751 
1785 

ISJO 
"  1810  including- the  av- , 

my  and  navy,  at  home  and  abroad. 


6,467,00» 

8,ooo.(;oo 

9,3^4,778 
10,747,280 


In  al'        57    i-ars.  pcvasiis  7,352,000 

Tilts  shc'.vs  y^f.  liiat  we  double  oiu-  popahuion  in 
al)Oul  22  n'ears — so  that,  in  t'ue  year  1837,  we  may 
safely  calculaie  upon  a  popiiiation  of  17,500,000, 
wi'.iio'si  es  een.iiig-,  as  hig-liiy  as  we nli.^iu,  the  pre- 
sent state  of  Europe,  whicii  will,  probably,  drive 
many  tt:is  of  ihousaiids   to  ova"   shoi'es   during  tiiCgi-eu'iV 'impeded  the  raarclv  of  population  at  liome 


Giving  an  increr>se  in  59  years  of  4,280,280 
Your  inci-tase,  to  hn-ebeen  pruporiioDate  io  oors,. 
should  iiave  beci  thlriv-^M'ht  vuillons  end  a  h  df  in- 
stead oi'  fuvr  mililons,  becaise  your  3\ock  of  peo- 
ple at  the  period  staled  was  s/a:  times  greater  than 
ours. 

Tjie  population  of  EniJ^land  has  about  doubleil 
itseif  within  t!ic  last  100  3  ears — but  it  cinnot  pro- 
^veas  at  tliat  rate  hereaficr.  7'he  c'lecks  to  popu;. 
'iatiouhave  become  too  numero\is  :ukI  distressing tQ 
permit  a  much  further  increase;  at  least  untii  means 
are  contrived  to  raise  the  value  of  labor,  or  depress 
the  price  of  food,  v/hich  is  neaviy  tlie  same  thing. 
It  may  be  lu-ged  that  your  colonies  and  v.'avs  have 


period  anticipated. 


.^[x•\^•3  AND  'T«:'?T:r.  of  li viVr;.  Laynig  aside  the 
geiv?r.il  considerations  ur^^-ed  in  tlic  note  on  popitla- 
tiov,-'V :ac\i  are,in  my  oi'inion,ent'itled  to  ^"reat  v.-cight, 
parucidariy  as  shewing'  that  tlie  road  to  wealtli  is 
open  to  all  classes  in  one  country  and  shut  agahist 
the  poor  in  the  other,  (who,  in  all  nations,  and  espe- 
cidly  with  you,  arc  by  far  the  mos*  numerous)  I 
sliali  contrast  the  means  that  the  pcoi)le  of  the  two 
countries  have  to  get  a  liveliliood,  and  shew  the 
ditferencc  of  manner  in  wiiicli  they  mai/,  must  or  do 
live. 

JVheat,  meat,  and  the  price  of  labor,  afford  us 
pretty  certain  criterions  for  tliese  purjjoses,  being 
most fuirlv  to  be  presumed  a-;  standards  for  every 
tiling  else. 

"Wheat  may  be  averaged  in  the  United  States  at 
gl  50  cis.  (6s.  9d.  sterling  money)  for  the  bushel  of 
61)  ibs. — and  at  this  price  our  farmers  become  lich. 
[Pr..y  mark  tliis.^;:!']— Meat,  say  beef,  ve.ii  and  mut- 
ton, inav  be  averaged  at  6  cents  per  'ib.  and  lai)or  at 
80  cents  per  day,  the  labcn-er  finding  liimself  in 
food.  During  the  last  summer,  laborers  in  our  ci- 
ties and  towns  pretty  generally  received  from  125 
to  150  cents  per  day.  But  1  rate  the  price  at  80 
oents. 

One  day's  Inbor  will,  therefjre,  pur  chase — 
32  lbs.  of  wheat,  or 
14  lbs.  of  beef. 

To  assist  in  coming  to  som.e  valuable  conclusions, 
let  us  supnose  a  laborer's  f.unily  to  consist  of  lum- 
self,  his  wife,  and  four  clu'idren,  and  allow  eacli  per- 
son \o  consume  bread  ei|u;d  to  |  lb.  of  wlieat,  and 
^  lb.  of  beef  per  day.  One  d:'.y's  labor  will  there- 
fore purc:iase  bre.al  enough  for  seven  day's  subsis- 
tence, or  meat  .enovigh  for  4^  days;  or,  of  both  a 
sufliciencv  to  support  the  family  tiiicc  days,  nearly. 

fi^-These  proportions    are    merely  bid  dywji  aa 


A.t  a.';iig!it  view  of  th.is,  many  v.ould  accept  it  as  an 
important  fact;  but,  really,  it  is  no  such  tiling — for 
tliosc  colonies  and  wars  havev  afforded  tl.e  means 
of  Uvisig'  to  a  mucli  greater  number  of  persons  in 
E'lgland  th.in  liave  been  lost  to  her  by  them.  An 
increase  of  the  population  of  acountiw  as  naturally 
follows  an  increase  of  the  means  of  livelihood,  as 
tlie  spviiiging  up  of  the  herbage  hi  summer  after 
'rain.  And  besides,  the  insular  situation  of  England 
has  probably  invited  as  manv  foreigners  to  settle 
amo:ig  you  wilhin  the  last  21)  ye;.:-s  of  coiTimotlon, 
as  you  loyt  by  your  wars  and  colonies.  If  peace  on 
the  continent  I'C  continued,  they  will  soon  le  .^'e  you, 
for  they  can  live  much,  easier  in  any  part  of  it  tlian 
in  Engdand. 

Mea.vs  and  MA5r;vEn  or  LivKLinoon.  'Wlieat  in 
England,  is  9.?.  sterling,  or,  200  cents  per  bushel, 
of  601bs.  the  dollar  rated  at  4s.  6d.  and  the  furmers 
of  1/aur  coiintvy  appear  in  a  denpernte  condiiion,  not' 
\dthstanding  your  corn  luvjs  and  all  your  other  cov.lri- 
vances  to  bolster  themiip,  which  we  have  notiung  of? 
meat  may  be  fairly  averag-ed  at  9d.  or  17  cents,  and 
psrliaps  liigfter — laboiers'  wages,  as  on  the  other 
side,  may  not  exceed  24.'/.  per  day;  but  to  avoid  all 
sort  of  dispute,  I  put  it  down  at  2s.  Gd.,  or  55  cents, 
for  the  average  of  Engdand 

One  days'  labor  will,  tlierefore,  produce 
i71bs.  of  v.'heat,  or 
3  l-31bs.  of  beef. 

And  supposing  a  family  to  be  mahitained  as  oH 
the  other  side,  the  English  Laborer  may  purcliasp ' 
vitli  ills  day's  l.<bnr,  bread  enough  to  serve  them 
tliree  and  one  third,  or  meat  enough  for  o7.'<?day  ar^ 
a  sixth  ;  or  of  both,  a  sutficier.cy  for  about  three 
fourths  of  one  dav.  I  am  very  sure  that  one  day's 
labor  will  not  do  tliis  in  England ;  but  I  have  at 
least  designed  to  put  the  case  ii)  tive  most  favorable 
light  tliat  it  was  po.ssible  to  allow. 

The  result  is — that  a  day's  labor  in  t];e  IFnited 
Stales  will  support  ff'T''.')?fc?)  persons,  one  day,  with 
a  sulhciency  of  bread  and  meat,  and  that  in  England, 
the  same  laljor  will,  in  like  manner,  subsist  only 
f-ve  persons  for  the  same  time.  But  even  this  advant^ 
age  is  not  the  greatest  tliat  the  American  laborer 
possesses — he  is  alwiiv.-s  ci'.erisiifcl  and  sustained 
with  the  /;u/;r:' of  bettering  his  condition,  whicii  gives 
an  elasticity  to  his  mind  and  .-i  vigor  to  hi.;  exei-lions, 
jhat  those  destituTe  of  i;  c.nnot  possibly  ii.ive. 


*\V'hen  I  speak  of  England, /r«?es  is  always  incliid' 
ed.      This  is  noted,   becau.se   a  distinction  is  fre- 


quently made  i'l  Eaghuid. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGIS TER— TO  MR.  COBBETT. 


'V.J  JL 


UNITED  STATES, 
^ata.  We  know  very  well  that  men  "do  not  live 
Hv  bread  alone,"  or  meat  alone,  or  on  both  oPtlieni. 
They  rnusi  be  clothed  and  housed,  and  have  hun- 
dreds of  otiier  little  expenses  to  meet,  besides 
those  incurred  by  what  is  merely  necessai-y  for 
food. 

Having-  thus  shewn  the  means,  I  sliall  proceed  to 
say  something'  of  the  xanjter  in  wliich  laborers 
live.  Tiiose  in  tb.e  country  g-eiier.J.ly  eat  bread  and 
milkjVv'ith  some  cold  or  hot  meat,  or  butter  or  cheese, 
or  soniethjnq- else  by  waycfa  relish,  for  breakfast; 
at  dinner,  they  have  as  mucli  meat  as  they  please, 
with  bread  and  vegetables  in  abundance;  their  sup- 
per is  nearly  like  the  breakfast.  In  some  part?., 
they  use  a  (peat  deal  of  iiidian  corn,  as  honini/  (a 
,  delightful  standing  dish  on  the  tables  of  the  most 
'opulent  in  the  middle  and  southern  states)  or  in 
meal — not  so  mudi  because  it  is  cheaper  tlian  wheat 
(for  tiie  dinerence  is,  really,  verv  little)  but  because 
they  love  it  better;  v/lilch,'  I  tliiiik,  is  the  best  rea- 

m.av  be  cooked 


Son  in  tlie  world  for  it.     Tliis  co;-u 
m  a  great  many  ways,   and  in   every  ^\  ay  is  a  very 
nourishing,  wholesome  and  pleasant  fond" — the  best 
families  using  it  as  well  as  the  poorest,  to  relieve 
and  give  the  better  relish  to  wheaten  flour.     Many 
of  the  laborers  in  tlie  coui^try  have  coffee  and  tea 
several  iim.es  in  the  week,  -.jd  it  may  certai;-^y  be 
said  \hey  indulge  in  them  every  Siuiday,  on  an  ave- 
rag-e,  _  morning  or  evening,  or  both.     In  the  towns 
and  cities  the  laborers    live  more  luxm-iously,   as 
you  would  call  it;  for  they  use  a  great  deal  more  of 
coiTee  and  tea,  and  seldom  nuss  a  drink  of  ^'rog  at 
their  dinners,  and  probably  anoiher  dtu-ing  tlie  everi- 
ing.     It   may  !)e  safely  asserted,  that  the  Laboring 
classes  in  the  United  .States  may  eat  as  much  meat 
three  timeff  a  day  (if  they  like  it)  a?  they  please— 
and,  probably,  they  tlo  eat  it  tv.'ice  a  day;  and  tney 
have    their   feasiing   on  turkeys,   geese   and    other 
f  nvis,   like  the  riciicst  pe.rple  in  the  land,  for  the 
^wife's  labor  contributes  a  liberal  proportion  to   sup- 
port the  household.     It  is  by  no  !Tiea.ns  imcommo;) 
to  see  men  who.se  only  apparent  means  of  livelihood 
I'i  in  their  daily  labor,  carrving-  lu)mc  a  turkey  that 
,,  will  weigh  from  10  to  13  ibs.     And  tliis  may  easily 
"  happen,  because  at  tlie  season  they  are  generally  kif- 
led  oil;  Lhey  are  not  znuch  dearer  tlian  other  nie:.t, 
lb.  for  ib.      1  have  seen  the  laboring  negro  in  the 
market  take  a  turkey  or  a  pair  of  ducks  that  a  mer- 
cliant  had  refused,  as  being  too  higii.     The  fict  is, 
that  tiie  sober  laboruig  m.an,  with  a  prudent  and  iiv 
dustrious  family,  barring  accidents,' can  absciutely 
live  as  full  as  the  mail  of  ten  thousand  a  year,  nor 
any  more  re<d  the  want  of  a  meal's  victuals.'You  v.-ill 
observe  I  speak  only  of  those  who  live  temperately 
and  are  industrious  and  able  tg  work — we    are  not 
witi-iout  a  ponion  who  live  v/retc'ied  enough;  but, 

i;ener.illy,  the    fault,  is  their   own. There 

are  some,  in  all  countries,  that  if  they  lived  in  a 
cook's  shop  would  be  at  times  half-starved,  if  the 
ODoking  of  the  victuals  re.ited  upon  their  own  pru- 
dence and  foresight — wlio  would  be  too  lazy  to 
rn-Jce  the  fire,  or  postpone  doiug  it  \mtil  tliey  had 
fiiiis.ied  iheir  liquor,  wlieu  they  would  be  incapable 
ef  it.  Our  Laborers  do  nui  average  more  than  11 
liours  work  per  dav. 

P.vr!P2.Ts,  aKGs.^ns  and  TAsni-fTS.  The  f^cts  that 
Belong  to  those  person.s  are  of  the  most  interesting 
and  i'nporvant  character,  ami  I  jiropcse  to  investi- 
g-ate  tnem  with  the  greatest  care.  It  will  necessarily 
appear  froin  v/hathas  been  stated,  that  tliosecla.-'ses 
are  not  numero:is  in  the  United  States  ;  but  my  in- 
wrmatian  is  net  s«>  extensive  as  is  dcsii-able,  1  hough 


ENGLAND. 

Maniwi'  of  living.     V/hen  I  iiear  of  a  person  In 
England  giving  two  or  three  guineas  for  a  pint  of 
strawberries,  or  20  or  oVA.  k^h-  a  dozen  of  Vi'inc,  1 
never  fall  to  recollect  a  saying  of  a  traveller  that 
visited  Uenor.,  vrhcse  Ijook  I  read  in  my  c'lildlioodj 
who  had  a  remark  somewhat  as  follows — ^'-Magid 
deent  are  thy  paiaces,  0  Genea,  br.t  thou  hnat  also  thj) 
.TALLIES  !" — and  1  begin  to  c  tlculare  how  uianv  per* 
sons  went  supperless  to  bed,  that  ^his  prodigality 
:nigiit  be  indv-.lged.     The  rich   may  live  well  AiVf 
where  ;  and  probably  this  class  are  far  more  Vaxu- 
rious  in  Great  Sritain  tiian  in  the  U.  States  ;  ..nd  •  he 
viry  rich  men  arc  much  more  numerous  wivh  yoit 
th.an  with  us,  ucr  do  I  vrant  many  Duch; — butvv'-hcre 
you  have  one  raan  who  makes  or  receives  f-om  i  to 
S'JOOO,  -a  year,  v.'e  uavcnf;y.     This  is  tlie  cl'-ss  that; 
is  the  bone  and  sin^v/of  a  country — tke,  jseople  ;hat 
are  " comfurtnblc" — 'the  s.oul  Oi  indapendeace — ths  Jasi 
of  (i'l  that  -,vill  pay  homngc  io  a  niu^tcrt     A  persca 
whose  labo",  business  or  property  produces  him  2 
cr  300'J  dolLavs  a  year,  lives  car  better  upon  it  hi  the 
Uiiited  Statec,  than  a  man  can  do  on  as  muiy  pounds 
in  Englatid,  or  lays  v.p  more  money ;  which  v.-lll  rea» 
dlly  appear,  when,  in  addition  to  the  facts  tliat  be^ 
long  to  the  price  cif  provisioris,  we  superadd  thoso 
relating  to  tarns  and  tyik:'>;,  of  whlih  I  shiall  spc;..k: 
by  an;l  bye.    But  my  ingenuity  is  put  to  the  raci?  to  and 
out  ho~iO yiw'  laboring  classes  live  a'  idl.     Mv  idea  ot 
the  manr.er  of  it  must  ?A\  short  of  the  reality — ^.jecu-' 
lar  demonstratiGn  only  can  bring  the  imh-Js  fairly 
before  tVie  mind.     About  eight  years  ag.»,  when  ti;<3. 
st.ate  of  your  poor  was  highly  to   be  preferred  to 
wh.atitia  nov,-,  a  respect:--ble  Englishman,  now  aresi.-« 
d;.-.;t  here,  related  the  fjUuwing  anecdote,  wiru-h 
left  a  strong  Impression    upon  me.     He  said,  that 
he  arrived  at    New- York  on  a  market  day,  and  that 
the  market  particidiriy   attracted  liis  attenuon.— ^ 
While  he  looked  on,  a  batcher,  citt'.iiig  o^F  a  sheep';?! 
head,  threw  it  into  the  street,     lie  .supposed  tiii.'i 
was  dorie  to  "m.ako  a  scr.unble,"  an.d  prepai*ed  him- 
self to  see  50  or  100  people  rushing  to  get  it— but 
it  excited  the  attention «of  nobody.     Arter  a  wiu!e< 
a  large  dog,  passing  along,  put  his  nose  dov/n  ani 
smei led  it ;  it  did  not  suit  liis  appetite  and  he  turhe.t 

up . ,  Sic.     "I  then  tliought,"  said  he,  "thaS 

1  Vv'as,  indeed,  in  a  strange  countr_\',  seeing  tivit  a  d.';g' 
^vould  not  eat  a  sheep's  head."  Ninety-nine  l;uiia 
dre;lths  of  the  sheep's  heads  arc  tjirov.n  a-,v.;y  in  tha 
United  States;  thoug'h  sometimes  oirr  butchers- 
sell  them,  at  one  or  two  cents  (a  hair-penny  or  a 
ijenny  sterling-  a-piece)  tivough  tlicj'  alw.iys  give 
them  to  any  tiiat  will  ;isk  for  them,  ^s  a  donation. 
I  enquired  of  a  butcher  this  mornhig  as  I  v.ms  buying' 
my  beef,  "how  lie  sold  bullock's  hcad.i  .'"  "Vou 
may  have  one  and  v/elcome,  if  you  \^^int  it,""  said  liGi 
I  told  him  I  had  a  rea.sou  for  ad-'ing  the  price  II<3 
informed  me,*  that  wlien  lie  sold  a  smrle  iiead  ho 


generally  got  25  ce;its  (Is-.  2d.)  for  it,  but  that  a 
"person  took  them  all  the  year  round,  at  15  cents^ 
(oJ.)  to  boil  up  r.irsomeiliiag" — I  presume  to  m,»ke 
.-<  sL-^e  of.  A  siiank  of  beef,  that  will  make  as  ir.uci* 
.•ich  soup  as  8  or  10  liard  working mert  .viil  e.it,  and 
sfford  meat  eiiongli  for  tliem  ail,  niav  be  bougiitfoi'' 
from  18i  to  2>7h  cents,  (10.-/.  to  2Jrf.)'  Tliese  aVe  r% 
prices.  Youi"  laborers  average  about  14  hon.rs  bi? 
hot  per  day. 

P  '.ui'Kr.s,  liKTo.vRs  xr.T)  taktia:."ts.  1  h-<ve  bcfi)re 
me  a  table,  published  by  Brisked— in  Iiis  Lcvik  writ- en- 
on  the  "resources  of  the  Driush  empire,"  .-  ^ewiii^ 
the  number  of  p.aupci's  in  every  county  of  Eng.^.^d, 
in  1805 — ten  years  ago^  I  am  vary  sttre  tiieir  Utrm- 
ber  was  not  exaggerated;  for  I  would  suspect  Mr^ 
Lyiv-Jerf  tff  any  tbi:>g  eise   liKm  a  desig.i    la  maks^ 


f  S2    NII^I^S'  WEEKLY  REOISTER-SATUIIDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  18IS. 


IJNITKT)  STATES.  |  ENGLAND 

itinr.y  serve  all  my  pi-LSn' purposes  with  suiHcicnl  thing's  appear -.r/Mwe  tlian  they  were 
jiccin-iirv  i.iid   effect. 


Tiv  ceita'iii  rejriilar  returns  I  have  ^rom  three  [ma- 
Tiiii.r]  coiin'ios,  in  three  of  the  middle  states,  it 
i,  uj^j-'ears,  tliat  thep.'.npers  ure  abouL  as  1  to  230 
ip.h::lnt;;Tits — but  the  co'in'ies  in  the  inferior  have 
no'  1  to  every  3.50  persons  of  tlie  whok  population. 
The  sc.i-board  is  overclir.rtred  with  these  nnfurtu- 
natfc  i>cin,t;;,^,  for  m.^ny  re.  sons  that  must  strikt  tlie 
po'i'.ical  econrmis!  on  ihe  first  gfiance  ;  and  the  mid- 
dle staies  have  a  g;eatei-  piopm-tion  tlian  the  east- 
ern, sout}; ern  or  ■western — beint:;'  those  states  to 
V.iiich  cmiirr.. lions  f  om  foi  eigr.  p.ats  liave  been  tlic 
most  fi tqiient,  and  a  li.rt^e  pioportion  of  the  pau- 
pers the}'  maintjiin  are  foreign tr.'j,  or  worn  out  ne- 
gioes.  IVat  even  in  tlicse,  none  are  maintained  but 
tie  halt,  i!;e  l;,nie,  and  the  blind,  the  aged  and  tlie 
ii'ifi  in,  nii.d  jieople  lud  iJcots,  except,  tluit,  in  the 
•winter  Ke..son,  some,  who  liave  been  imprudent  in 
tlif  summer,  seek  a  temporary  asylum  wit]i  tliem. 
Fr.-m  'lie  f  eis  'liat  have  come  to  my  knowlcdg-e,  I 
tJiink  it  may  be  said  that  one  tenth  of  tlie  tenants 
of  our  poor  loi  ses  are  over  seventy,  and  anotlier 
tenth  under  6  }C:;rs  of  age.  A  iimjmity  of  those 
wiihin  tlie  ijeriods  of  years  that  a  m.ai  or  woman  is 
generally  able  to  eani  a  livelihood,  have  ruin«l  their 
ciynstitutions  by  intemperance,  and  the  balance  is 
iiearh/  miide  up  of  thetnaimcd  and  defective — there 
are  7!one  tliat  a.re  sober  antl  industrious  and  li;de  and 
]ic;aty  :  for  all  such  can  make  a  living  for  tliem- 
sclves,  :<.nd  will  not  work  for  tiie  jjublic  for  victuals 
and  clothes,  only. 

I  have  paid  considerable  attention  to  this  std^ject, 
and  fee)  ])retty  certain  that  I  over-rate  the  paupers 
of  the  I'niied  States  generally, at  1  for  every  3u0  j^er- 
.soiis.  Hut  at  tliisrate  the  whole  amount  of  our  pau- 
pers in  1815,  on  a  supposed  popidation  of  6,75 u, 000, 
Avill  be  29,166. 

Our  "bs£-^ars  and  vcic;-rajits  taxing  the  public  clia- 
rini,"  are  veiy  few.  In  some  states  there  are  none 
such — You  may  travel  lOUO  miles  througli  the  coun- 
try witliout  being  once  asked  for  alms  ;  and  such  as 
live  in  tliis  way  are  too  few  to  be  worthy  of  notice 
in. a  general  iiccoimt.  The  reasons  for  tliis  are  sim- 
ple ;  tliose  imable  to  work  are  comfortably  provid- 
ed for  in  the  poor's  houses,  and  if  any  who  are  able 
to  labor  attempt,  mendicity,  they  are  hoisted  of}"  to 
the  ivork  liuusei,  the  discipline  of  which  is  excellent 
to  remove  the  "disease  of  laziiie.is."  Of  the  few 
common  beggars  we  have,  a  majority  of  them  are 
foreigners  or  negroes.  Baltimore,  from  tlie  great 
laxiiy  of  its  police,  in  this  respect,  has  probably 
more  of  this  class  than  all  the  cities  of  the  union  ; 
yet,  ciclling  to  lecollection  all  !  have  seen  in  Jn^ 
walks,  .nid  assisting  it  by  the  observations  of  others, 
I  hardly  think  we  have  fifteen  such,  certainly  not 
twenty,  and  our  pojitihttiou  is  between  50  and  60U01). 
In  the   winter  season,  there  are  man\-  in  our  cities 


that  require  casua.l  assistance,  wliich  is  g-ranted 
freely,  but  piivately,  by  others  of  the  same  neigh- 
borhood, or  by  funds  voluntarily  r.dsed  to  furnish 
a  little  wood,  &c.  to  those  whose  necessities  demand 
it ;  and  tiiosc  who  do  require  it  are  such  as,  nine 
limes  out  of  ten,  have  "dui.ced  away  the  summer,' 
or  have  been  or  are  afflicted  with  disease  in  them 
selvc.^,  or  in  their  families. 

By  referring  to  the  t'locuments  in  my  possession, 
it  ajipcrs  that  the  average  expeiice  of  maintaining 
otir  paupers,  m.iy  be  estimated  at  A-5%  per  annimi, 
for  eacii  individual.  So  tJuit  the  poor  i-ates  jiaid  in 
the  Uni>eel  ."Mates  will  amotnit  to  ^1,212,470.1 


.  .  The  table,  at 

length,  maybe  seen  in  the  4th  vol.  of  the  \A'i;rklt 
RwisTUTt,  page  114.  Assisted  by  this  and  several 
other  like  tables,  we  liave  pretty  sure  groimds  to 
go  upon  in  our  estimates  of  the  patipeVs  of  Eng- 
land,    The  follo'vintj  abstract  is  interesting-  : 

Wli,>le  no.  piuipers.        Amount  of  poor  rates. 
In  1689         persons   56a,964  /.6o5,362 

l'''''fi  695,177  1,535,163 

1«''5  818,8.51  1,94.3,649 

ir92  955,326  2,645,520 

1803  1,039,716  4,113,164 

1805  1,212,936 

l«n  1,847,659  5,922,9.54 

1K12*  2,079,432  6.452,566 

lii\5{efitimatc(l)  2,500,000  7,800,000 

The  last  items  are  calciilations  of  rv.y  own,  but  I 
suspect  are  ne:a-  the  triitli,  as  will  appear  by  cxamin- 
ning  the  preceding  data,  given  from  high  British 
authorities.  Tlie  greater  \):\vl  of  those  returned  as 
paupers  must  be  persons  able  to  earn  a  livelihood; 
but,  no  doubt,  many  of  them,  though  yet  in  their 
prune,  as  to  the  years  of  their  life,  aresuch  as  have 
worn  out  their  constitutions  in  attempting  to  sup- 
port themselves  and  their  families. 
^  Therefore,  one  ffJi  of  the  whole  population  of 
England  are  patipers.  In  the  United  States  there 
is  one  p.uijjer  to  every  300  persons;  in  England 
tliere  are  60  to  the  same  number.  But  further— 
Your  "begr^-urs  and  vag-rniits  taxing  t/ie  fmblic  cha- 
rifii,"  are  truly  a  formidable  body  !  It  is  stated  in 
the  public  papers  that  Mr.  Hose,  [a  -^an  famous  in 
tills  -a-ay  himself,  but  on  a  larger  scale  .']  said  in  Par- 
liament, "that  tlie  number  of  mendicants  in  the  me- 
tropolis was  estimated  at  30,000,  but  probably  it  was 
much  more."  Tliis  prett)  nearly  agrees  with  some 
other  calculations  I  have  seen,  and  may  be  taken  as 
tolerably  correct,  and  gives  us  an  idea  of  what 
there  are  in  all  England,-  which  "with  vagrants  and' 
gypsies  and  other  persons  taxing  tlie  public  charity," 
iiave  been  estimated  at  350  000 

To  which  adtl  the  army  and  navy  paupers 
pensioners,  100,000,'  and  the"  maimed 
and  diseased  maintained  in  your  many 
private  hospitals,  100,000,  200,000 

The  regular  paupers  are,  2,5o0,u00 


And  the  fearful  aggregate  is  3,050,000 

Three  millions  and  fifty  thousand  paupers  for  a 
population  of  less  than  eleven  millions;  or  consi- 
derably more  tlian  o?ie  to/oi«'oflhe  v.-hole  popula- 
tion. 

The  poor  rates  of  England  the  present  year,  I 
\v\\c  supposed  may  amount  to  /.7,800,000,  eotial  to 
gi34,632,600. 

But  how  the  2,500,000  paupers  are  fed  by  this 
sum,  great  as  it  ai)pears,  I  cannot  contrive,  'it  al- 
lows, for  each  pauper,  less  than /o7H-fpf«  dollars /)ep 


I  an7ium;  which,  from  the  comparative  price  of  provi- 
sions already  noted,  is  equal  to  much  less  than  gf 
in  the  United  States,as  to  the  qu:!ntily  of  9;ood  foodit 
will  purchase.  Every  praiper  costs  us'  g45,  and  there 
must  be  an  economy  far  beyond  my  comprehension 
to  reduce  the  cliarge  down  to  S''ven  dolls,  iiiciuding 
all,tiiey;-«6/a  to  the  overseers  and    church  wardens. 


*Mr.  Colquhoun  estimates  the  patipcrs    for  thi 
year  at  1,548,400,  whicli  I  must  believe  is  far  under 
the  real  amount.     In   1805  England    was  in  a  st.ate 
of  prosperity  compared  with  1812,  and  then,  by  the 
,-   .       .  retiu-iis  ofconnties  given  by  Bristed,  the  amount  w.as 

By  Uhs  they  are  plenlifidly  fed.  Their  general  diet    1,212,936.     The  increase  of  poor  rates  also  furnishes 
is  somewhat  after  ti^is  manner  :  bi-«sad  und  milk,  orlws  witk  a  j^ood  idea  of  the  real  state  of  the  case. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TO  MR.  CODBETT. 


233 


UXITED  STATES. 
jTiiish*  and  milk,  for  breakfast  and  supper,  with  cold 
meat,  occasionally  ;  at  dinner — meat,  soup  and  ve- 
gitables, — of  all  as  much  as  they  please  to  cat.  In 
sickness,  they  h.ive  whatever  the  pliysician  pre- 
scribes,— wiue,  tea,  and  coffee  and  tlie  like.  They 
are  also  clotjied  at  tjie  public  expence. 

Tiie  cost  of  maintaining  the  poor  of  the  United 
States,  deducting'  from  the  number  of  inhabitants 
the  ai-my  and  navy,  and  the  poor  themselves,  is  for 
each  other  person,  per  annum,  about  14  cents. 


ExpiNniTunES — nr.vExrES — debt.  These  tilings 
are  so  intimately  connected  that  I  sliall  treat  of 
them  all  under  one  head,  as  briefly  as  I  can,  so  as 
to  be  explicit  : 

JFar  establishment.  The  expenditure  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  for  the  year  ending  Sept.  1814,  was 
about  as  follows  : 

Civil,  diplomatic  and  miscellaneous        2,245,355 
Mili-.ary  24,5;J2,906 

Naval  8,1(.9,910 

Interest  on  debt  existing  before  the  war  1,980,000 

Contracted  since  the  war  2,950,000 

On  account  of  the  principal  of  the  pub- 
lic debt,  say  3,000,000 


!S42,84S  165 
In  the  military  and  naval  appropriations  were 
included  permanent  allowances  of  g|200,v300  ibr  the 
purchase  of  arms  for  supplying  the  whole  militia 
oftlie  United  States,  and  200,000  for  the  purchase 
of  timbei- — and  also  very  consides-.-ble  sums  for 
the  building  of  fo.-ts  and  ships  and  other  vessels; 
•  and  things  of  a  permanent  nature. 

42,848,165  dollars  are  equ.d  to  /.9,650,489  ster- 
ling; or  for  the  population  of  the  United  States, 
detluciing  the  army  and  navy  and  pau]jers  (not 
contrii)uting  to  the  public  taxes)  four  dullars  and 
20  cents  for  each  other  person — ec^ual  to  18s.  lid. 
steriingf. 

The  [leace  establishment.  Supposing  tlie  "  trea- 
.sury  year"  to  end  with  one  year  after  the  procla- 
mation of  peace,  might  be  estimatetl  as    follows 


GREAT  RRITATV. 
and.the  clipping  and  paii-incrs  <}f  money  expended 
for  the  public.  lf/,07n'  paupers  lived  as  oiivs  do,  t'  ;cv 
would  cost  you  the  enormous  sum  of  §235,000,000 
a  year— that  is,  2,500,000  at  §90  eac!i,t  and  if 
we  could  maintain  ours  as  clieaplvas  vou  do  vour.-j 
(taking  into  view  the  difiTcrence  in  t!ie"  price  of  pro- 
visions) they  wou.ld  cost  us  only  189. 5r9  dollars, 
or  a  little  more  than  two  cents  (IJstciliu!-)  ilr  evc- 
ly  otiier  tax-cuntribHting  person  ! 

If  from  your  popu.la'tion,  11,000,000,  v/e  deduct 
these  2,950,000j  paupers,  beggars  and  vagj-ants, 
and  from  that  again  deduct  tlie  a-niy  and  n:nv,  and 
other  persons  exempt  from  the  pociv  rales,  snj.i)so- 
ed  to  be  at  least,  600,000  more,  we  have  7,450,000 
men,  women  and  ciiildren  to  pay  I  7,80v',000',  which 
is  about  ;.l  \s.  for  each,  per  annum,  or  4  dolls.  G9 
cents. 

ExPE>-DiTURr..s — REyF.->ri^E — T>T.nT.  Tiie  M'hoie  ex- 
penditure for  the  United  Kingdoms,  for  the  year 
ending  J.uiuary  5,  1814,  war  establishment,  was  as 
follows: 

Ch.irges  on   account  of  the  national 


debt,§ 

Civil  list,  ... 

Coiu-ts  of  justice,  mint,  salaries,  &c. 

Ro3-al  family,  pen^'.ions,  &c. 

Civil  list  of  Scotland 

Other  bounties   and  pensions,  8ic. 

N;ivy,         .... 

Ordnance,       .  .  ,  . 

Army,       .... 

Remittances  to  other  countries  (sub- 
sidies, &,c.) 

Miscellaneous  services  at  home  and 
abroad,        .  .  .  .. 


I.  41,897,335 

-     1,028.000 

234,937 

332.412 

113,176 

3:>1,465 

21,996,624 

3  4,'4.-;27 

29,46^,320 

15,994,832 

4,010.349 


Deduct  for  Ireland, 
Total— Great  Britain, 


118, 


2,813 


4,9.4,202 
/.  113,968,610 


Civil,  diplomatic  and 

miscellaneous 
aiilitary 
Naval 

Indi  an  Department 
Interest  on  old  debt4 
New  loans 


In  the  year  iSn.        For  the  year  ISIS. 


1,360,859 
2,129,000 
2,126,U00 
142,725 
2,225,800 


1,500,000 
3,000,000 
5,000,000" 
300,000 
1,800,000 
4,200,000 

7,984  384  15,800  000 

It  is  proper  to  be  observed  that  the  present  mili- 
tary establislmient  of  the  United  States  is  con.ndTu- 
bly  less  than  it  was  in  1811,  yet  I  have  estim.itetl 
the  expence  at  nearly  one  million  more,  to  cover  an 
increased  attention  to  works  of  defence  and  inciden- 


*  Mush — Indian  corn  meal  mixed  in  Itoiling  water 
tmtil  it  becomes  so  thick  that  it  can  Inu-tlly  be  stir- 
red. A  very  wholesome,  pleasant  and  nourishing 
food. 

■J-Estimated  population  of  tlie  U.  S.  1815    8,750,000 
Deduct — army  and  navy  12,000 

Paupers  29,166        41,166 


Tax-contributing  individuals,    persons    g8,708,834 
The  slaves  are  not  deducted    becau-e  their  "le- 
gitimate masters"  have  to  pav  taxes  for  them. 
*S5,058,272  <»f  the  principal  reimbur-sad  tlusyear* 


113,968,610/  sterling  are  eqtial  to  S'3j6,u2j,643 
— aboui  five  limes  the  amo'Mt  .^f  ;,ll  our  debt;  or, 
fir  the  whole  tax-contribuiim>- population  of  Great- 
Hritain*  50  do''ars  90  cents,  for  every  person,  niciu, 
woman  or  c    ;ld,  in  the  inland. 


^^90  dollars  i'^  EngLind  being  equal  only  to  45  In 
America,  for  the  purciiase  of  fosid. 

f[  do  not  take  the  3, 'j5,),  JO  J  btfcanse  the  soldiers 
and  sailors  partially  contribute  to  tlie  supjjoi't  of 
their  unfortimate  messmates,  by  a  pittance  retained 
from  their  wap-es. 


§This  includes  a  sum 
pniicipaL 

*  England  and  Wales, 
Scotland, 

Arm)"  and  navy. 


allowetl  for 


reducing- 


the 


10,150,615 

1,Sj5,6SS 

64  .',500 


Total  r.reat  Britain,  -     il,9j6,3J3 

The  abjve  are  P.  oni  Mr.  Coiqnhoun — 
Deduct — army  and  navy  64.',50u 

paupers,   beggars, 

&c.      -  -       3,050,000—   3.690,500 


Tax-contributing  population. 


8,2  J  5,3  j3 


Mr.  Colqulioun  estimated  the  p;  iipers  in  1812,  at 
only  1,548,400 — sec  the  preceding  -lote.  But  ano- 
•lier  writer  in  a  London  paper,  statetl  them  at 
2,079,432  in  the  s.tme  year,  and  g.ivc  the  poor  ra^es 
as  precisely  amounting  to  /.  6.452.566.  You  call 
best  judge  between  them;  but  'vl.en  ic  appears  in  tiie 
above  that  I  have  made  no  allowance  whatever  tor 


2SL 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2, 18\5. 


UXITKD  STATES, 
■tals — and  i'ne  naval  is  n\oye  tiian  the  dou'>le 
of  what  it  was  in  that  year — but  our  ne^ocintidn 
v.-itli  *hc  i>.trbary  power-i,  with  the  buiJdiiifj  of 
Slijps,  &c.  may  ur.iounl  to  the  sum  supposed.  /  have 
no  ])rtttu«;cii^  to  the  orTiceoi"  secretary  cfthe  trea- 
sury (or  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  as  tlie  person 
Avl\oiilI.9  ueai-ly  tlie  s.'inie  office  is  culled  in  Eng- 
land) but  1  venture  to  siiy  that,  in  il.e  ii>Lci!e,  it  niitv 
turn  Gilt  tolerably  correct. 

Tiie  suppcsid  exptnce  of  the  year  1815, 
for  curr;)il  cxper.ceo,  beLngiiig  to  the [le ace 
estcibushmeniy  is  15,800,000 

i'rcm  vvliich  wz  may  safely  deduct  for 
the   ye£u*   I8I0 — the  j)euce  continuing-— 

1.  In  Ihe  na^T.l  dcpariment, 
still  keepij-.g  up  a  respecta- 
ble force  and  buildinjf  new 
vessels,  1,000,000 

2.  In  tiie  interest  cf  ncv/  debt  1,200,000  2,200,000 


Probuble  expenditures  1816,  «5l3,6u0,0'J0 

X?  Appropri.'itions  fo.-  tlie  payment  of  the  public 
dehi  not  noted. 

In  1811  it  vfas  c.i'culated  that  9  millions  a  year, 
for  the  future,  would  be  amply  sufiiclent  for  all  t!ie 
•wants  of  the  Ur.jted  Si:;tes,  en  a  peuce  es-tablish- 
inent — and  the  actual  disbursement  for  current  ex- 
pences,  will  probably  not  exceed  U  miiiious,  four 
or  live  years  iie.'ire.  But  we  have  .i^rown  a  great 
de^i  larger  &'mce  1811,  as  well  in  population  (as  in  our 
o%vu  eoiiceit)  and-  our  utand  among  nalions  is  v.ateri- 
aUy  chuiiged—i  am,  tiierefore,  vviiling-to  admit  tliat 
1.2  niiiiioas  will,  liereafier,  be  necessary  to  meet 
tl)ese  c.vpenqes.*  Tiie  allowance  will  be  consider- 
ed very  iiu-ge— but  let  it  stsnd  as  the  riiaxiraura  of  the 
cost  ofa.pcuc6  estabiiJiinent. 


lieveime.     Tlie  receipts  rnd  Jt^ps  to  t!ie   treasury 
for  year  ending- iii  12  montlis  after  the  proclamation 
of  peace,  will  exceed  tiie  most  sang-uine  c*lcalaticns. 
Several  mojiths  ag-o  I  said  it  v/o-ald probably  ataoimt 
to  -*0.  millions,  and  -.-nnjty  laug-hed  at  the  "notion" — 
■\yh?.t  ij.  will  be,  may  be  estimated  as  follows: 
Customs.  ■   Aftdi  andrcp-ular  pec.ce  importation  uscdi 
to  {;-iveus  from  13   to  16  millions — the  duties,  ai 
masse,  were  doubled,  and  a  common  peace  supply 
^vould,  therefore,  g-ivc  us  §30,000,000 

But  it  seems  tl:c  universal  opinion  tliat 
at  least  tivice  t'.ie  tpunilty  of  goods, 
subject  to  duty,  will  ai-rivQ  iti  the 
United  States  in  iliis  year,  that  ever 
did  in  one  year  before;  many  intelU-. 
g-ent  ])ersons  say  thrice  p:s  m-ach: — but, 
to  kee-p  witJun  the  most  reasonable 
bounds,  I  will  suppose  an  advance 
of  only  75  /ht  ecu:.  2?,.';00,000 

J)irect  tax,  and  internal  rev cmi§s  15,000,000 

Ihiblic  lands  1,000,000 


ENGLA^•D. 

The  peace  establishment  of  Great  T.ritain,  in  perpe-, 
tUfty,  may  be  estimated  to  cost  as  follows: 
For  interest  on  the  national  debt,  charg- 
es of  manag-ement,  &c.  /.  32,000,000 
Civil  list — courts  of  justice — mint, 
&c. — roval  lamilv,  pensions,  ike. 
and  civil  list  of  Scotlajid          -         2,000,000 
Other  bounties  and  pensions  GOu.OOO 
Navy      .,.,-.     9,(;':>0,000 
Ordnance              ....         1,000,000 

Army 14,000,000 

IMiscellanies         ....         5,UOO,000 


Deduct  for  Ireland, 


63,600,000 
3,600,000 


^68,5ou,00u 
There  are  besides  some  small  bi-anches  of  revenue 
not  noticed. 


the  ])oor  of  Scotland,  tite  fyct  may  he  admitted,  eve" 
<K\  Mr.  CoLjuhoiinh-  data,  (furnished  three  y^ars  ago) 
that  the  tax-contributing  population  of  fJreat  Bri- 
tain is  not  equal  to  tiu-t  of  the  U^iited  States,  say 
■8,70^,000.     But  I  allow  it  to  be  the  same. 

"•That  is,  of  govcrn-.ncnl,  without  any  thing-    ap- 
|>ropriated  to  pay  the  principal  pr  interest    cfthe 


And  we  have  lite  'rotmd  sum'  for  Great- 

Britain,  of  ...-/.  60,000,000 

It  appears  to  me,  very  plain,  that  you  must  rais,i 
iibout  sixty  millions  a  year  for  a  jie.-.ce  est;:blisli- 
mer.t.  I  cannot  believethe  "wheels  of  your  (govern- 
ment" will  go  on  for  less.  WvA,  to  avoid  every  thing 
like  a  desire  to  exaggerate,  let  us  say  it  v/ill  reouire 
ojilyfiftij  mUifms  a  year  for  Great  Britain,  stipposing-, 
thut'in  i.\fi:rther  reductio;-.  of  t]ie  navy  and  army  than 
1  have  allov.ed,  or  by  other  means,  you  may  save, 
or  have  something  equivalent  to  the  ten  miilions 
tlirown  away.  Well,  ffty  millions  a  year  must  be 
raised,  fuid  raise  it  in  what  w.ay  you  v/itl,  the peoji^.e 
mast,  directly  or  indirectly,  pay  it.'  To  this  principle 
some  part  of  your  revenue,  incidental  to  exports 
and  imports,  m.ay  be  plead  in  exception,  and  it  may 
be  said  that  fjreig-ners,  who  purciiase  your  goods, 
pay  something  to  the  support  of  your  government. 
Biitthis  exception  has  more  apijearance  than  reality 
in  it,  and  far  the  greater  part  of  those  cluiics  are  paid  ^ 
by  your  ov.m  laboring  poor,  in  the  reduced  price  of 
their  labor.  And  tliose  duties  will  -ivholly  operate  as 
a  tax  on  yourselves,  if  Europe  settles  into  peace  ; 
and  the  manufactures  o?  America  will  contribute  not 
a  little  to  give  that  effect  to  it,  as  3-0U  will  all  plainly 
see  in  a  very  short  time.  But  the  duties  that  may  fair- 
ly be  said  to  be  levied  on  foreig-?i  coimtries  fif  any 
really  are  J  are  of  too  small  an  amount  to  affect  a  ge, 
neral  calculation.  On  the  ',vhole,we  may  conclu.le  that 
\cu  must  levy  on  ihe  people  of  Great  Britain  fifty 
"millions of  pounds  sterling,  (222  millions  of^  dollars) 
a  vcar,  to  pay  the  current  e.rfienses  ;  which  is  51.  15«. 
or  25  dollars  40  cents  for  e.ich  tax-contributing  in- 
dividual ;  man,  woman  or  child — paupers,  soldiers, 
sailors,  &c.  being  excluded.  Mow  can  you  pay  t:,is  i 
Is  it  possible  to  pay  it  without  -war  excitenients  ? 
Yoiu*  -n-ar revenue  would  do  no  great  deal  more  than 
meet  it.  Can  the  war  taxes  be  borne  in  peace,  wlieii 
til c  labor  of  :ul  Europe  will  come  in  competition 
with  you  in  yotir  immvfciCtures,  and  can  undersell 
vou,  from  the  greater  cheapness  of  living  ? 

Revenue,  (^c.— The  procecd.s  of  all  the  w:ir  and 
peace  [or  permanent]  taxes  arc  thus  given  by  Colqu- 
houn,  for  the  year,  ending.Ianuai-y  5,  IHlo.  X)  The 
balance  between  the  proceeds  and  tlie  expenditures 
for  that  vear  [lOS  millions]  was  made  up  by  loans  : 

Gross.  Act  proceeds, 

England  59,014,416         55,995,123 

Scodund  4.,51<',892  4,155,59'.? 

Ireh-md  5,705,815  4,322,264 

Isle  of  man  W^^^ 


69,140,123         04,979,959 
Deduct  for  It  fi,"!)d  4,1 55,599 


Total,  for  G.  Brit. iin,  of  aZ/ the  taxes,      60,824,360 
The  <Uf{erence  between  the  tv.-'o  couHtms  fchews 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TO  Mil.  COBBETT. 


UNITED  STATES. 

This  amount  niw  be  trul\'  ca,lled  eaormous,  and 
manv  here  will  Sip.ile  at  tiie  calcuuilion;  but  t!ie  in- 
flux of  Bri'  ish  and  other  g-oods  has  been  so  exces- 
sive [as  thoHsands  vsill  find  to  their  sorruxv]  that  I  feel 
no  hesitacion  in  niiiking-  up  an  opinion,  that  68  mil- 
lions will  be  short  of,  rather  than  exceed,  the  real 
amount  paid,  or  seciired  to  be  paid,  or  which  has 
accrued,  in  the  year  specified. 

Tills  revenue  u'ill  not,  nor  covld  it  last.  The 
whole  country  is  immensely  stocked  with  g-oods, 
and  I  slionld  liardly  suppose  that  the  custom.'!,  at 
the  old  duties,  will,  for  the  next  j-ear,  produce  tlie 
old  peace  revenue  of  15  millions — for  thoug-li  our 
population  h,43  g-reatly  incre.ised,  and  luxury  make.s 
astonisliing'  progTess,  domestic  manufactures — -fami- 
ly m  uiufactures,  have  advanced  with  much  g-rcater 
rapidity  to  the  supply  of  our  wants.  Of  tliis  1  shall 
say  moi'e  liereafter.  However,  this  excess  for  tliis 
ye  ir,  v.'iiich  may  be  called  a  ~^ar  excess  tlioug-h  cci 
lectcd  in  pscics,  comes  in  ver}"  g-ood  season  to  put  ai 
thin.js  strai[jht.  Hereafter,  20  millions  (or  ^2  30 
cents,  I'js.  4:d.  sterl.  for  each  tax-coiitributinii^  indi- 
vidu.d)  nill  be  quire  a  sumciency — will  be  as  nuich 
as  cim  be  used  to  advantag-e,  and  the  need  or  utili- 
ty of  so  much  will  decrea.se  as  tiie  public  debt  is 
exting-  lishcd;  the  period  for  which  is  not  far  dis- 
tant, if  i/on  permit  us  to  have  peace.  We  have  no 
appre'ieu.sion  of  a  quarrel  witli  anv  one  else. 

Taking-  the  revenue  at  "         §68,500,000 

And  the  current  expejices  as  estima- 

mated  above,  at  15,800,000 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

!ie  "charg-es  of  management" — the  people  really 
paid  69  millions  and  upwards,  wliiie  tlie  g-overnmeut 
received  less  than  65  millions — there  expenses  de- 

l-;c\'ed  from  the  50  that  I  have  supposed  the  people 
of  Eng-iand  must  pay,  will  leave  you  a  little  more 
th;m  46  millions  for  receipts,  allowing-  a  pro]5ortion- 
atc  reduction  of  expencefor  the  sun; s  raised.  Cer- 
t.ti  ily,  it  cannot  l)c  pretended  that  you  wlli  re- 
quire less  than  46  millions.     Tiirrop/r  or  collv-ctink 

ASD  MAN.iSISG  TOUR  TAXES  AND  DUTIES  WILL  A5r0r>-T 

TO  SIX  OR  sEVEX  Mii.Lio:(9  OF  Doi.LAns  >iore,~pi:r  xs- 
jivx,  tiia:s^  we  s.i-iLL  REq.t'ii:ii  Foil  ova  whole  skt- 
TL2r>  rr-Acr.  nr.vnxrs. 

De!.-t.  Mr.  Colquhoun  states  tiie  public  debt  of 
Gre.it  Britrdn  and  Ireland  to  have  stood  thus,  on 
tlie  5t!i  of  January  1813 — 

Fiuided  debt  of  the  United  kingdoms, 

I.  1021,239,497 
Deduct — 

redeemed  and  in  tlie  hands  of  t!:e 

commissioners    of    tiie     sinking 

fund  100,693,91.3 

Stock  cancelled  &c  VJ0,572JJlH-  231,265,961 


Tlie  balance  is  S2,700,0^'J 
Of  this,  let  us  say  that  15  millions  are  required  to 
wipe  oif  "old  scores"  over  md  above  tiie  amoviiit  of 
the  public  debt,  as  estim.ited  at  1j8  millions  (some 
sucli  ihci-e  may  be,  thoug-ii  I  know  nothing  of  tlieui) 
and  we  h:.ve  38  miUions  to  reduce  t.'.e  principal  of 
the  pubic  debt,  and  miike  it,  for  1816,  only  70  mil- 
lions, eqa.J  to  .ibout  one-third  of  what  your  iiear- 
hj  exiiences  will  be  at  that  time. 

Debt.  Tne  wiiole  present  debt  of  the  United 
St'ites  maybe  assumed  at  108 millions.  1  i-.ave  noi 
the  papers  at  iiand  to  g-ivean  absolute  sum,  but  tliis 
is  within  4or  5  millions  of  the  amount,  more  or  less. 
AVe  sliall  iiave  all  the  particulars  v.-heii  congress 
meets.  This  debt  will  receive,  iimnsdiatclij,  a  veiw 
powerful  red  iclion,  from  the  revenue  of  the  pre- 
sent year.  (J  ir  debt  is  less  than  twelve  dollars  for 
each  tax-contributing-  individual. 


.Idd — unfunded  delit* — 

Great  Brilain      45.855,607 
Ireland—  1,258,904 


740,02o,535 


47,1 44,-^  11 


Net  amount  of  debt  Jan.  ISlo—      /.  7Q7,1G6,04:7 

The  g-entieman  proceeds  to  shew  the  re..l  v.due 

of  tills  debi  in  money,  and  siys  at  the  selling  prices 

of  the  stock,  the  740,033,5/5  l.   would  produce  in 

money  ^.5^1,357,487 

Add  the  unfiuided  debt  4.'.144-.  jII 


•/.  54-;,011.i;95 
Which   he  considers    ts  the.  cash  value   of  the 
whole  debt,  funded  and  unfunded,  at    the  period 
stated. 

Tlie  nominal  amount  of  tiie  debt  on  t!ie  5i.h  of 
JanutLi-y  1816  will  be  about  i        I2j.j,)jj,jj(j 

Deduct — as  for  the  ite.ms  above,  .dlow- 
ing  tht  increase  to  have  been 
50  millions  331,j:i.),000 


86 


Unfunded  debt 


Vj-JOJjOO 

5•J,^JJ|J..'.0 


The  following  results  are  fairly  deducible  frpm 
the  facts  stated: 

1.  That  tiie  settled  peace  ecpenditure  of  the  United 
States  will  be  12  millions/'pr  ann.  (i:2,702,7'J'2  ^ 
sterl.)  exclusive  of  payments    on  account  oT' 
the  public  debt— which  is  140  cents,   or  6.i.  [ 
3d.  sterling-  for  each  tax-contrib-.iting^  indivi-| 


Net  amount  Jan.  1816 —  l.93'J,\ji,l',^..0 

Now,  if  you  will  make  a  calc-dlation  on  •  this,  ut 
the  v.arious  rates  per  centum  that  your  stock.*;  bcai-, 
and  for  tiieir  various  quantiiies,  yo'u  wiii  find  t.'  ;,t 
the  32  millions  I  allowed  as  the  sum  neecif.ii  to  p  y 
the  annuti  iii'.erest  of  your  deb;,  ihodg-li  a  mcie 
calculation,  wiii  coine  ne.ir  to  the  real  amount.  I 
compliment  mvseif  upon  this,  because  iieitiier  of  the 
estimates  were  ma<le  as  tiie  result  of  the  odier 
but  sep-arateiy  and  indepen<lenily — aud  t!::e  calcu- 
lations v.'ere  prepared  hi  a  dirfei-ent  w.iv. 

Every  calciiaiion  for  payii-.g  oif  this  debt  must 
be  absurd,  seeing  that  you  will  liardly  be  able  to 
pay  tjie  interest,  as  13  cleai-ly  siiewn  aliove. 

The  c;\lcuLitions  respecting  Great  Britain  depend 
on  the  duration  of  peace  as  well  as  tlioje  I  liuve 
made  in  my  o\vn  coiuitry. 

Tlie  results  are — 

J.  Tnat   the   settled  peace   erpeiuJii-nre   of   Grct 


dtial. 


lit'jtaiu  will  s;.,.fid  at  5j  mUiio.us  (222  mil- 
lions of  dollars)  OB  at  5A  a5s,.  ,or  25  dot.  40 
cents,  per  amium  for  each  tax-coiitribu-ang 
individual,  men,  women,   and  ciiiiahc'i. 

\     ''Hsciicfnier  bills  or  ue.i.sui"y  jioles,  cuiciiy. 


^SG    NILRS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  18\& 


UNTITED  STATES. 

f ,  That  a  netll'd  peace  revenue  of  20  rr.ilHons  p 
'year  (/ 4,504,504  stlg.)  or  23U  cents  (lOs.  4^/. 
stlj^.)'  fbr  cacti  tax-contributing-  imlividuiil, 
allouing  us  g,6,4u0,a00  to  pay  off  tlie  princi- 
pal o?  \.\\Q  public   debt,    (llie   interest  beins,^ 
provided  for  in  our  esUmate)   will  meet  all 
the  current  expencesand  entirely  pay  off  the 
dtbi.  in  from  9  to  11  years;  and  then  we  may 
settle  down  on  12  millions,  as  stated  above. 
J2.  TJiat  the  public  debt,  wlien  the  efects  ufthe-zmr 
-,  have  ceased,  say  in  1S16,  will  noi  exceed  70 
•fliiaions  of  dollars  (/.15,765,765  sterling-)  or 
eiii,iU  dollars  \3,&s.  sterl.)  for  each  tax-con tri- 
buiing'  individual. 
4.  That  wVih  a  settled  ])eace  revenue  of  12   mil- 
lion.s,  tiic  debt  being-  p. .id  off,    we  may  allow 
^i,5U0,O00  a  year  to  military  and  naval  pur- 
poses, over  and  beyond  what  they  required  m 
1811,  tf)  meet  the  altered  condition  of  thing's. 
(Tj-Tt   is  projicr  to  note,  however,  that  we  have, 
also,  our  statu  g-ovenunejits  to   support;  these  may 
cost  us,  ijicl'idingthe  mad  and  poor  and  all  other 
taxes,  fioni  30  to  40  cents  more  for  each  tax-contri- 
buting individual.     It  is  not  worth  while  to  g-o  fur- 
ther into  the  calcalation  of  these,  as  county  rates  ex- 
ist also  in  Eng-1  uid,  muci«  heavier  than  our  state  and 
conutv  ratei  tog-ether,   besides    youi-  poor    rates, 
■  tvtiie;;,  &c.  &c.  kc, 
'  Tr-raus,  (blessed  be  God  !)  none. 

The  people  of  the  U-.uted  States,  and  especially 
our  eastern  bi  etliren,  think  Liiemselvcs  about  as  real- 
ly rciigious  as  any  other  pcapic,  and  i^erliaps  we  are, 
e'eneraiiy,  about  as  good  as  any.     If  hitmanif;/  be  a 


p- 

test  aPadvaacement  in  religion,  we  might  adduce  a 

tliOiisand  cases  like  this 

That  c'.p!  uin  lAV-vrmce,  best  known  to  Englishmen 
as  tiie  c.ptaln  of  the  unfortunate    Chempeake 
fri.i^aie,  rislccd  the  lives  of  liis  men,  and  actually 
lost  tJiree  g  .llant  fellows,  in  his  efforts  to  save 
the  crew  of  the  sinking  sloop  of  war  Peacock, 
from  a  watery  i.^-ave — and  that  his  brave  compa- 
nions   absolutely  divested  themselves  of    tlieir 
clotliing  to  cover  tiie  poor  naked  Englishmen, 
late  their   enemies,   but  now   their  prisoners, 
escaped  from  death,  witli  only  what  they  hap- 
pened to  have  On  in  the  battle. 
The  clergv  here  are  supported  !)y  the  voluntary 
gifts  of  tlie  people,  who  give  or  let  it  alone,  just  as 
they  ple-ise.     llcnce  that  cla.'js  of  the  con^.munity, 
beiiig  respon-Able  to  the  people,   and  in  every  re- 1 
ppect   living  01!  their  bounty,  or   sense  of  religion, 
are,  at  least,  cnmpellcd  to  assume  the  appearance  of 
moral,  sober  and  g-ood  men,  and  I  believe  generally 
are  so.     Y*u  might  attend  a  llio-asand  fox  hunts,  or 
sisit  a  thousand  gambling  houses  without  seeing  one 
of  them.     The  whole  amount  of  what  tliey  all  re- 
ceive, is  not  equal  to  the  sum  ]>aid  by  the  tjisseniers' 
in  England,  to  their  own  priests,  of  choice,  as  we 
pay  ;  ttiough  they  also  pay  those  of  the  ch.urch  of 
England,  of  necessity.     Pov,  tliough  tiie  clergy  are 
suthciently  numerous  in  the  United  States,  they  do 
not  live  in  tliat  stile  that  it  seeras  necessary  to  con- 
fer on  dissenting  ministers  in  England,  to  give  tjiem 
■a  svHnding  wi'.li  the  dig-nitai'ies  of  the  regidur  church 
BnsorncKs  — In  the  annual  or  daily  product  of  the 
labor  of  iodividualy,  over  what  is  required  tor  sub- 
^sistence,  f*nd  in  the   existing  property,   no  doubt, 
l.\y  the  resources  of    a  ^nvt  I'nment.       Hut  adven- 
titious ciicuinstanccs  may  sonitstimes  make  it  more 
easy  for  one  country,  placed  in  general  results  like 
jinother,  to  contribute  a  greater  sum  than  another.  It 
is  to  th^se  cM-quiuf  taaces  Uiat  Gre^t  JSritain  is  indebt- , 


GRt^AT  BRITAIN. 

-i.  That  no  settled  peace  revenue  can  pay  off  yotu* 
debt  and  that  you  must  be  saddled  with  its 
interest  forever,  vmless,  indeed,  a  revolution 
should  apply  the  spunge  to  obliterate  it.-'^ 
There  is  no  liope  that  will  be  nettled  other- 
wise. 
3-  Tjiat  the  public  debt,  taking  it  as  a  cash  value 
(according  to  Mr.  Colquhoun's  manner)  is 
about  80^.  sterling,  or  355  dollars,  for  eve- 
rv  tax-contributing-  person  in  Great  Britain, 
as  above. 
4,  TJiat  with  this  settled  revenue  of  50  millions, 
as  stated  before,  the  debt  will  remain  in  per- 
petuity, the  sinking-  fund  doing  nothing  to 
its  reduction,  as  the  interest  arising  on  the 
stocks  that  belong  to  it  is  not  calculated  in 
the  interest  to  be  paid.  At  any  rate,  if  the 
debt  does  not  hicrease  you  will  do  exceed- 
ingly well,  and  ought  to  very  thankful. 
Ttthf.s.  The  amount  of  the  tji;hes  "the  greater 
and  lesser,"  exacted  from  the  people  of  Eng-land, 
for  the  "support  of  the  cli^u-ch,"  amount  to  the  in- 
conceivable and  enormous  sum  of  about  :f  7,000,000  ; 
equal  to  ^31,080,000,  or  3  dolls.  50  cents,  (15s.  9(/.) 
for  each  tax-contributing-  individual. 

You  also  tliink  youi'selves  a  very  religious  people, 
— You  persecute  the  Catholics  at  home  and  protect 
them  abroad — Yotu-  priests  pray  for  the  downfeU  of 
the  pope,  and  your  prince  regent,  the  liead  of  your 
churcii  ("God  bless  him  !")  sends  soldiers  to  Rome 
to  hold  him  up  !  And  so  you  g-o  on,  with  Bible  so- 
cieties and  pensions  to  the  priests  of  Juggernaut. — 
If,  as  Oil  tlic  other  side,  inhumanity  he  the  fruit  of  .^ 
disregard  for  religion,  we  might  fill  a  volume  with 

cases  like  this- 

Captain  Luivrence,  faint  and  dying,  was  denied  a 
drop  of  his  own  wine,  to  cheer  expiring  nature 
— liis  crew  were  fired  upon  and  killed  long  after 
resistance  had  ceased,  and  the  officers  and  men 
of  the  Chesapeake  were  robbed  of  their  clotlies 
and  other  property,  and  many  of  them  reduced 
almost  to  the  nudity  of  nature,  by  their  con- 
querors. 

The  "regular  clergy"  of  England,  being  indepen- 
dent of  tlie  people  ;  and  many,  perhaps,  one  half  of 
them,  exacting  tythes  of  a  cammunity,  or  parish, 
they  do  not  reside  in  and  seldom  visit,  doing-  the 
"Lord's  business"  by  joiirneifme?t,  are  not  bound  to 
pay  more  respect  to  morality,  sobriety  and  goodness, 
than  other  men  ;  and  we  are  told  (but  people  will 
tell  lies  sometimes)  that  it  is  by  no  means  uncommon 
to  find  tliem  at  fox  chases,  gambling  houses  and  the 
like, — any  where,  but  in  t'leir  closets,  studying  new 
sermons  for  the  benefit  of  the  sonls  of  those  wJio  are 
compelled  to  pay  them.  Tiie  dissenting  clergy  in 
England,  behig-  responsible  men  like  our  own,  have 
the  same  character  I'or  zeal  in  their  vocation  and 
charity  in  their  manner  of  applyhig  it. 

Rbsourixs. — Mr.  Colquhoun  gives  the  following 
as  the  result  of  his  estimates  : 

1.  Exhibiting  the  value  of  hutded  and 
other  jjubric  and  private  property  in 
(ireat  Britain  and  Ireland,  amount- 
ing to  /.2736,640,000 

2.  In  nine  dependencies  in  Europe  22,161,330 

3.  In  seven  colonies,  &c.  in  North 
America,  46,575,360 

4.  In  fourteen  colonies  and  settlements, 
W    I.  100,014,864 

5.  In  fourteen  colonies  in  the  West  In- 
dies, 75,220,000 

6.  In  four  settlements  in  Africa,  4,770,50(? 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TO  MR.  COBBETT. 


UNITED  STATES. 

^dfor  the  abilily  to  support  her  numerous  burtliens 
of  taxes  and  tytlies  unci  poor  rates,  &c.  Thus — one 
nian,  whose  incoine  or  busbiess  is  worth  1.10,000, 
fran  contriljute  more  to  the  support  of  a  trovernment. 
in  money,  tlian  .jOO  men,  each  rcceh'intc  1.100  a  ye:ir, 
tho'dg-h  "the  a:<.^reg-ate  of  the  hitter  is  larfjer  five 
fold.  The  latter  must  live  as  well  as  the  former— 
and  they  can  spare  nothiii:/: ;  but  tlie  rich  man  may 
contribute  /.9,9bo_,  and  still  live  as  the  500  men  do 
Hei-e,  in  my  opinion,  is  the  g-reat  secret  of  what  ha 
astonished  "the  world.  It  is  by  the  overgrown  for- 
tunes of  tiie  few  that  Ens-land  raises  by  taxes  such 
immense  sums — that  in  this  is  the  extreme  misery 
of  the  inami,  is  no  odds  ;  the  ends  of  royalty  ant' 
its  niiDisters  are  served,  and  they  care  not  what  i; 
costs. 

But,  to  be  brief — 

T  estimate  the  value  of  tlie  property  of  the 
United  States,  public  or  privr.te,  at   §4850,000,000 

Equal  to  nearly  ;.1,100,000,000  sterling-.  GCj-o'ef- 
the  note  at  the  end. 

The  value  of  the  real  and  personal   property  of 
the  United  States  may  be  estimated  to  double  ilselF 
in  ten  years.     This  remark  is  the  result  of  frequcn 
Reflection  and  aijood  deal  of  observ.ition  on  the  pro 
grcss  of  tliing-s  ;    and  may,  also,  more  substantial! 
appear  from  what  follows. 

Product  of  labor. — It  appears  very  evident  that  as 
we  have  as  many  tax-contributing  individuals  in  the 
United  States  as  are  in  Great  Britain,  that  we  mus\ 
Lave  more  productive  laborers,  because  we  have  a 
piuch  snjaller  number  of  those  who  live  withoui 
some  occupiftion.  But  I  shall  consider  them  as  the 
same,  and,  for  the  purpose  of  a  comparison,  suppose 
there  are  two  millions  of  men  in  eacli  jjerforminj^- 
some  daily  business,  productive  of  capital. 

Two  millions  of  men,  at  80  cents  per 

day,  S  16,000,000 

As  has  been  stated,  the  American  laborer  earns 
tlirec  days  food  for  Ids  family  in  one  day — say,  bread 
ftnd  meat  sutficient  to  subsist  them.  It  will  then 
follow,  that  the  profit  of  three  days  labor  of  all  tlie 
people  ^f  the  United  States,  oyer  the  cost  of  their 
living-,  will  be  §32,000,000 


CHEAT  rJTlITAIN. 

T.  In  five  settlements  in  Asia, 


237 


38,721,009 


Total  53  colonies  and  dependencies    3024',103,144 
8.  East  India   company  territories,  or 

territory  mana.i^ed  by  it  107'2,427',751 


Total  of  estim.-ited  value  of  landed  ,    , 

public  and  private  property  ;. 4096,530,895 

0;;j=The  coloTiies,  &.c.  are  given  for  general  refer- 
ence only.  The  burthens  we  have  been  speaking  of 
rest  upon  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  therefore 
their  value  is  all  tliat  concerns  us  at  present. 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland  273 6, 64-0,000 

Deduct  for  Ireland  one-sixth  456,106.666 


Value  of  real  and  personal  property  in 

Great  Britain,  /.2280,533,334 

Equal  to  ^50127,770,000. 

Product  of  labor. — [j;j='See  the  remai'k  on  the  oppO' 
site  side. 

Two  million  of  men  a?  2s.  6d.  or  55 
cents  per  day  gll,000,000 

As  it  has  been  stated,  and  I  think  proved,  that  the 
labor  of  a  man  in  England  will  not  find  his  family 
in  bread  and  meat  sufficient  for  tlieir  subsistence,  it 
.follows,  that  if  all  the  people  of  that  country,  were 
'o  eat  bread  and  meat  every  day,  that  three  daA'S 

li.'"/or  v/ould  produce   a  profit  of. nothing. 

Indeed,  that  they  would  be  in  debt,  at  the  end  of 
the  three  days  for  three-quarters  of  a  day's  living. 
But  there  is  a  daily  jjroHt  nuide — it  is  made  bij 
not  eating  bread  and  meat,  but  living  on  something 
a  gi-eat  deal  cheaper;  tlie  coarsest  and  homeliest  fai'C^ 
that  can  be  imagined  to  support  nature. 

My  idea  of  their  bcijig  as  many  productive  labor- 
ei-s  in  tiie  United  States  as  in  Great  Bi'itain,  is  gcnCr- 
rally  supported  by  the  following  items  froni  Mr, 
fJolquhouu' : 

Uiiproductive  laborers,  whose  exertions  do  not  cre- 
ate an}'  new  property  : 

Persov.s. 

Royalty,  nobility  and  gentry  416,000 

State  and  revenue,  army,  navy,  half 

pay  andpensioner.s,  1,055,000 

Clergy,  law,  pliysic,  281,000 

Universities,  schools,  Sec.  567,937 

I'aupers,*  1,548,400 


Total  3,870,672 

Mr.  C.  calculates  however,  that  the  productive 
laborers  of  threat  Britain  create  a  new  property  eve- 
ry year  of  the  value  of  13  millions  and  upwards.  If 
this  be  correct,  it  may  safely'be  said  that  those  of 
America  create  a  value  of  130  millions  annually. 


Ihavetlms  gottlu-ou5:';lithemostof  the  tlijngsl  de- 
signed to  notice  when  I  commenced  this  letter;  bu'. 
there  is  one,  quite  a  '^hobby"  with  me,  that  is  only 
remotely  alluded  to,  though  of  great  and  growing 
importance — and  that  is  our  manufactures.  Sir,  the 
progress  of  these  is  astonishing,  and  they  will  go  oa 
to  the  completion  of  a  suldime  independence  for 
high-minded  America,  the  chucklings  of  your  min- 
isterial prints,  on  account  of  the  late  vast  export 
of  goods  to  this  country,  notwithstanding,  which 
accidental  or  ai-tiiicial  causes  created  so  great  a 
demand  for,  as  I  shall  clearly  shew  when  I  take  up 
the  subject — as  our  merchants  and  shop-keejjers  now 
s«e  and  will  very  soon  feel,  to  the  rum  of  thousands. 
The  capital  vested  in  manufactures  witlun  tlie  last 
Pjs  vearB,  has  rarsed  up  a  new  interest  among  the 


people  as  wealthy  and  as  powerful  as  the  commer- 
cial, which  will  have  its  weight  in  all  the  measures 
of  government,  as  well  as  the  rest,  as  it  should. — 
I  might,  perhaps,  afford  you,  at  present,  much  in- 
formation as  to  these,  but  to  do  the  matter  the  ju.s- 
tice  that  its  importance  deserves,  I  sliall  defer  it 
for  a  few  weeks,  during  which  many  new  liglits 
will  be  aflbrdcd  througli  the  pretty  general  meet- 
ings of  the  manufitcturers  of  tlie  United  States,  now 
liolding  to  petition  congress  to  protect  and  defend 
tliem,  in  some  degree,  as  i/our  manufactures  have 
been  and  are  i)rotected  and  defended.  Tlie  peace 
lias  not  stopped  tlic  progress  of  those  establish- 
ments,  as   was    expected;  and    the  fact  is  proved 

I     *Sce  preceding  notes  as  to  paupers. 


1^38    NILIiS'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  1815, 

fhowever  qtieer  some  people  may  think  it!)    tiiat  a 


i*)i:iiVe  \'':'iA  do  as  much  vvoi-k  in  the  United  States 
as  iii  EiL'-iand.  Tliis  v.ill  be  in'-ius  to  thousrjius  of 
your  lord  Shefiehls,-  bui,  depend  upon  it,  it  is  true. 
New  fiictories  g-row  up  as  l)v  ni.ipjic,  a;id  tliosc  of 
old  standing:  (5  or  6  years!)  are  daily  going'  on  to  the 
fuUnesi  of  strengtl)  orii^inaHy  dcsigr.ed.  The  fact 
i;,  thai  they  g-row  up  and  irr.nrove  so  vapidly,  tl:a* 
everij  £.'«;''«  intellig'ence  would  m;.ke  a  man  alter  liis 
ideas  of  their  araount  and  im]jortance.  T'lei'e  is, 
perhaps,  no  one  in  America  that  is  more  inquisitive 
as  to  what  is  fTohig  on  in  this  way  than  myself;  but, 
tj-ulv,  v.-hile  I  W..S  wriiing  tiie  preceding-  parag-rapli, 
a  g-entlcman  called  at  my  ofiice,  and  accidcataUy 
gave  me  'die  first  notice  I  had  ever  received  of  a 
•woollen  cloth  manufactory  that  lie  and  others  had 
erected,  vathin  five  or  six  miles  of  this  city,  which 
he  said  was  calculated  for,  and  sliould  make,  more 
than  lO'J yards  of  broadcloth  per  day,  in  less  tli.an 
tvi-eive  m'ont'is.  Six  years  ag-o,  all  the  cotton  spin- 
dles in  Baltimore  or  its  vicinity,  were  driven  by  one 
horse  mill — about  3.3,000  are  no-«  driven  by  water  or 
steam  power,  and  t!)e  r/amber  will  amount  to  about 
3u,G30  in  3  or  4  months,  besides  one  other  great 
mill  for  G  or  8000  more  just  erected; — near  Provi 
dencc,  R.  I.  tlicy  drive  130,000  spindles,  and  tlie 
■whoie  cotmtry  is  filling  vvitli  mills.  Cut  of  this, 
more  hereafter. 

I  observe  you  have  taken  liold  of  my  old  f.iend 
lord  S/iiiffishl.  Really,  sir,  you  have  handled  the  old 
man  severely!  I  have  a  great  regard  for  liim — for, 
being  what  tiie  world  calls  a  'good-humored  fellow,' 
I  sav,  bleHsliigs  on  the  nmkers  of  fan — aiM  his  book, 
^vhich  I  have  several  tlines  noticed  in  my  paper,  en- 
titled "Oliservations,'''  £ic.  on  tVie  commerce,  &c.  of 
the  United  States,  Ji.-.s  made  me  laugli  as  much  as 
any  other  book  of  its  size  that  I  ever  saw.  The  fii- 
mous  work  of  Cervantes  is  not  more  redundant  in 
tiie  X'idiculous  than  that  of  his  lordship. 


Your's  respectfully, 
Baltimore,  jXov.  30,  1815. 


H.  NILES. 


q:j"  since  the  preceding  calculations  and  remarks 
were  in  type,  I  have  read,  for  the  first  ti-.ne,  your  5t!i 
letter  to  lord  Shkffield.  I  see  that  you  have  notic- 
ed two  or  three  tilings  that  had  considei-ably  occu- 
pied my  attention  and  in  which  we  appear  to  diner. 
i  allude,  particularly,  to  the  p-ubiic  debt  andtlje  in- 
terest payable  upon  it.  You  fix  the  debt  at  about 
1000  millions,  and  its  interest  at  43  millions,  and 
calculate  your  whole  population  at  10  mlilions,wh:cli 
makes  tlie  debt  equal  to  /.lOO  (444  dollars)  for  every 
.soul  "taking  in  babies,  paupers,  gipsevs,  beggars, 
soldiers,  sailors,  seapoys,  prisoners  in  jails,  and  con- 
victs on  board  the  hulks,"  as  you  say.  On  the  other 
hand,  I  have  estimated  the  cash  value  of  the  debt 
■iiiii-edeemed,  &c.  as  being  less  than  700  millions,  as 
f.lOO  stock  will  only  bring  53  to  1.65  in  money — 
liave  rated  tlie  interest  at  32  millions,  because  I  de 
ducted  the  stock  "redeemed"  or  "cancelled,"  and 
allowed  tiiat/.SO,  i;i  cash,  for  each  "tax-contribut- 
ing individual"  might  pay  off  the  debt. — And  far- 
ther, I  have  taken  the  population  of  Scotland  into 
the  account.  There  is  more  a  diflerencc  of  appear- 
ance than  of  fact  in  these  things. — Wc  make  the 
gross  amo-mt  of  the  debt  nc:irly  the  same,  and  if  it 
ivere  to  be  paid  off,  about  1000  millions  would  be  re- 
quircd  for  it,  and  the  interest  on  the  wiiole  is  as 
vou  have  estimated  it — but  I  have  deducted  from 
that  amount  the  interest  on  th&  stocks  redeem- 
ed, Src. 


NOTES. 

Pojndation      The  people  of  the    United  States  in- 
cretise  with  a  rapidity  unparidleled.     There  is  noth- 
ing lilie  it    any  other  part  of   tlie    world;  but  ihe 
causes  of  it  are   obvious   and  imposing.     The  cli- 
m.ite  is  healthy,*  land  is  plenty,  tlie  soil  is  bonn'i- 
fiil,  industry  is  rewarded  and  enterprise -\vaiks  forth 
unrestrained — axd  tiik  Pi:orLE  Ar.r.  teee.     We  ha-ve 
very  little  hni — an  Englishman  w!io  had  resided  in 
my  neighborhood  eight  or  ten  years,  once  observ- 
ed, he  almost  doubted  if  wc  had'any,/or  he  had  nev- 
er felt  it.     He  was  at  the  head  of  a  large  nianufi.cto- 
r-.-.     The  war  gave  us  some  latv,  and  we  have  a  few 
taxes  and  excises  like  you.       But   they  are    of  no 
consequence — the  wliole  proceeds    of  them  hardly 
am-)unt  to  175  cents  for  eacli  person,   and  we  shall 
soon  beclear  of  tliem,  if  _you  will  let  us   alone;  the 
duties  on  impoi-ts  being  enough  to  satisfy  all  that 
we  shall  want  hi  time  of  peace.     Our  people  marry 
verj'  earlv,    because    tlie  coldest  calculator   sees  a 
a  way  before  iiim  to  subsist  a  family,  with  prudence 
and  industry.     Tlie  same  labor  thk   v.ill  maint;un 
one  man  in  England  will  give  food  to  a  man  and  his 
wife  and  3  or  4  children   in  America.     LaVg-e  fami- 
lies are  rather  desired  than   dreaded,   and   ovu"  fi-r- 
mcrs  jocularly  say,  they  are  /.lOO  ricl;cr  for   every 
child  they  liave — which  has  its  neaning;  m  tiie    ge- 
neral advancement  of  their  fortunes.    The  wealth  of 
the  United  States  grows   mtich    faster  than  their 
population.       Tl.is    partly    arises     as    well   from 
the  f'scilltles  auorded,    as   in  the  almost  viivcrsal 
ambition  to  get  fonvard;  and  there  may  be  said  to  be 
very  few,  if  any,  a.mongst  us  who  are    sober   and    in- 
dustrious, tlio'ugh  ever  so  poor,  who  do  not  calcdate 
on  a  day  of  independence  and  ease;  and  tens  of  thou- 
sands, once  of  this  class,  are  now  among  tlie    most 
substantial  people  we  have.     In.  England  it  is  "once 
a  journeyman  weaver  always  a  journeyman  weaver.' 
It  is  the  policy,  perh.aps  the  necessilii  of  3'our  gov- 
ernment, to  keep  the  peor  down;  but  the  very  oppo- 
site is  the  interest  and  spirit  of  ours.     Cases  some- 
what like  the  followi-.ig  are  to  be   found    in    almost 
every  street  of  our  cities  and  in  every  to-iA'nship  of 
the  United  States:     There  is  a  man  at  the  head  of 
one  of  our  most  respectable    merc;\ntiie   houses,  a 
man  beloved,  and  almost  revered  for  h.is  numerous 
virtues — one  of  the  kindest  and  best  of  men,  the 
peaceful  citizen  and  the  hniiest  patriot — a  man  be- 
yond the  reach  even  of  the  rancour  cfp.arty,  thougli 
decisive  in  his  politics,  wlio  once  was  a  journeyman 
shocmaikcr  and  a  subject   of  A'our  king. — If  he  had 
remained  at  home,  he  might  still  have  been  a  jour- 
neyman shoemaker — butJiis  rjord  vvould  pass  for  a 
million  in  Europe  or  America.     The  probability  is, 
(and  if  anv  American  will  examine  his   own    circle 
lie  will  see  it  as  well  as  myself)  that    at  least    one 
half  of  our  wealtiiy  men,  over  45  years  of  age,  were 
once  common  day  laborers  or  journeymen,  or  other- 
wise very  humble  in  their  circumstances  wlicn  they 
began  the    world.       Tliis   is  made  a  reproacli  hy 
your  high-to.ied  "legitimates."     Let  ns  be  reproacli- 
ed  -nth  it,  say  I,  ~vhile   the    -.vorld  lasts  !     You    have 

:ome  such  w'ltli  you,  but  they  are  of  little  account, 
if  you  except  those  wlio  have  acquired  their  fortunes 
bv"  government  jobs  and  the  otlier  tldngs  you  abound 
with,  not  quite  so  iionest  as  they  miglit  be. 

Europeans,  especially  Englishmen,  settling  in  the 

United  States,  wiio  lived  decently  at  home,  have  a 
universal  comnlaint  to  make  about  tjie  "imperti. 


*"riie  climate  of  America  is  unhealthy,"  s.aid  a" 
Englishman  to  Franklin — "tlwt  is  not  yet  litirly  prov" 
ed,"  returned  the  sage,  "for  all  the  children  of  the 
first  settlers  aj-e  not  yet  dead." 


NILES^  WEEKLY  REGISTF,R_T0  MR.  COBBETT. 


£39 


Hence  of  servants,"  meaninq^chiefiy  xi-omen. iwd  giris 
Jiired  to  do  house-work;;  for  /  neveryec  k'lew  a  u:.- 
tive  white  maa  of  tbii  free  com  try  in  service  as  <i 
common  w;iitei- or  servant.  These  ^irls  will  no. 
cr>ll  the  l.'.dv  of  tlie  iiouse  vmsi'icw  or  drop  a  cnrt<n'ii 
when  honored  widi  u  command;  .md,  if  they  do  noi; 
like  the  usage  they  receive,  '.vill  be  off  in  an  in- 
stant, and  leave  you  to  manage  as  well  as  you  can. 
Tliey  tiuiik  that  tlie  employer  is  quite  as  much  in- 
debted vo  them  as  they  are  to  t'ic  emplovcr,  and 
bence  the  "impertineiice"  spoken  of  That  they 
are  sometimes  unre-isonble,  is  true  enoug-h — I  have 
myself  suH'ered  much  inconvenielice  fi-om  it,  but 
God  forbid  tiiat  I  should  v.isii  to  check  the  crt«s(? 
of  it. — It  would  be  like  "7-.;^?thi!ing- the  freedom  of 
tlie  press,"  as  the  plirase  is  in  Europe,  v/Licli  is  to 
destroy  its  libartij.  Tliose  .^irls  v/lio  beiiave  as  tlicy 
OU_^ht,  soon  get  .married  and  raise  up  families  for 
tliemselves.  This  is  what  they  calculate  upon,  and 
it  is  this  calculation  th.-.t  makes  them  "saucy."  I 
notice  these  things,  wliicb  to  some  may  appear  tri- 
fling though  I  do  not  believe  7/57i  will  consider  them 
so,  to  shew  the  ur.animous  spirit  and  liope  of  the 
people  of  getting  forward;  and  on  this  hope,  wliich 
industry  realizes  in  so  many  cases,  -".re  have  the 
fbund.'.tion  for  tluit  increase  of  people  wliicli  has  as- 
tonished the  world — that  the  breed  we  have  is  a 
good  one,  iVdl'uc^ton'.i  '-invincibles"  av.dyour  "un- 
oonqueraljlc  tars,"  as  well  as  the  ..llgi'riy.es  car.  testify. 

Tlie  population  of  F.ugland  may  be  considered  as 
BCarly  full,  f  iideed,  I  am  inclijied  to  believe  that 
the  United  States,  22  years  hence,  may  liave  a 
number  of  joeople  equal  to  that  of  tlie  tliree  king- 
doms, En;;l.ind,  Ireland,  and.  Scou^r.d,  at  ti-:\t  pe- 
riod. Tiie  dilt'icuitv  ofcinaining  a  mere  liveliiiood 
is  constantly  on  the  increase,  and  the  event  will 
shev.'  that  a  gcner..!  peace  in  Eurol)e,  from  which  the 
poor  of  Iho-ie  countries  have  hoped  uo  much,  will 
ratlier  add  to  their  dilriculties  than  diminish  tiiem. 
The  tr;'.dc  cf  Great  Ilritain  will,  certaiuiy,  decline, 
and  the  demand  for  Iter  manufactures  be  assuredly 
lessened.  And,  beaidrs,  all  tliose  hundreds  of 
fhrmsavds  of  persons  who  were  subsisted  by  the 
v.'ar,  PS  soldiers  or  sailor.^-,  and  in  all  the  mechanic 
and  otiier  arts  exerted  to  furnish  its  various  and 
vast  supplicv,  Vi'ill  be  thrown  upon  the  ordir..iry  la- 
bor of  the  co-.mtry,  and  reduce  its  value  in  course. 
Those  persons  must  live  as  wr-11  as  the  rest;  and  as 
the  populatio.i  vas  already  too  g;-eat  for  the  peace- 
ful labor  required,  the  consequences  may  be  calcu- 
lated I  think  it  m?y  safely  be  said,  tiiat  the  late, 
war,  in  all  its  departments,  furnisb.ed  employment 
for,  a.t  lear.t,  one  mi'.Hon  of  men,  Knglish,  Irijh  and 
Scotch;  and  subsisted  at  least  two  millions  and  a 
half  of  people,  of  all  classes,  ^\'';lat  are  tJiese  to 
do?  It  is  a  serious  enqtiiry,  A  consideration  of  it, 
probably,  may  induce  tlie  ministry  to  make  anew 
quarrel . 

Ther  is  one  great  drav/back  on  what  may  be 
coiisidered  as  tiie  effective  population  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  in  our  s1h%  es,  amounting  to  something 
more  than  a  million  in  all.  But  these  unfortunate 
beings  contribute  immensely  to  the  national  wealtii 
by  their  labor,  aiid  increase  our  resources  in  vari- 
ous ways,  for  their  "Icgi'Llrnatt"  musters,  directly 
or  indhcctl^- pay  lieavy  taxes  on  tlieir  acc(junt.  I 
never  reflect  on  the  eondition  of  thi;;  people  v.'itli- 
out  extreme  ]>ain — but  negro  slavery  is  moie  eu.illy 
reasoned  against  than  removed,  iiowever  sincerely 
and  hoiiestb,-  desired.  Tliere  is  no  .■.lan,  not  even 
Ihe  humane  lord  CasUereagh  himself,  that  feels  mere 
^ax'uest  for  the  emancipation  of  the  bhicks  tlian  1  do 
' — I  hold  none  in  slavery;  I  never  will  hold  any. — 
but  th^r  color  is,  J  apf-rehend,  an   eternal  barrier 


.o  tlieir  a^mi;>sion  into  society;  unless,  as  some  pui- 
losopiiei-s  suppose,  the  climate  in  time,  (tiie  im.- 
pcrtation  being  stopped,  as  it  is)  may  ren-.r.ve  ti,is 
distre-jsing  inipedlnient.  And  lieie  we  u.re  pi  >'.-ed 
in  a  pecu  iar  case,  and  v.liat  it  would  be  advi.e.  bie 
*o  do  is  fill  of  doubt  arid  difficuliy.  But  1  am 
not  about  to  di.-icu.is  tiie  subject  now.  I  mav  ..Ad, 
howevei",  that  t!ie  condition  of  our  shtves  h.\s  been 
greatiy  ameliorated  witJiiu  tlie  la..s:.  23  years;  ,i;\d 
that  I  rciily  believe  their  present  nti\XQ:  in  prefe;;a- 
ble  to  that  of  the  laboring  poor  of  Great  Brit*.i)i — 
except  tiiat  the  XiMer  think  they  have  fr;cd-om,  ^.nd 
the  oth.ers  fcjow  that  the}-  have  not. 

lam  fearful  of  spinning  out  this  subject  to  a  ter- 
rific length,  but  ii  is  most  import:tnt  in  all  and  each 
of  its  parts,  and  I  will  be  the  more  brief  o;i  otliers  ; 
for  I  cannot  refrain  front  offering  a  few  remarks  on 
the  colossal  hypocricy  that  is  going  about  the  world 
in  regard  to  negro  slavery,  the  slavery  of  the  bhickx. 
TJiis  foul  thing  prev;uls  in  both  hemispheres — we 
have  tliousands  of  men  in  the  United  States  who  are 
e.Kcessiveiy  shocked,  almost  m.ade  sick,  Mitb  seeing* 
an  advertisement  in  one  of  our  ncwsp.^pers  for  the  sale 
of  a  g;mg  of  40  or  50  Mack  men,  wlio  liear  of  like 
transfers  of  millions  m -vhile  people  witji  perfect  in- 
sensibility. They  will  rake  up  all  history  to  adduce 
cases  of  hardsliip  suffered  by  the  blacks,  and  read 
v/idi  thecalranessofstoickSjOf  thehundredsof  thou- 
sar:ds  of  whites  given  by  one  certain  v.  oman,  famous 
in  "leg-itiraacy,"  to  her  male  prostitutes,  to  be  add 
in  property  more  absolute,  and  service  more  severe, 
than  our  .':iaves  are.  There  is  a  viilainv  in  this  tiiat 
puts  patience  at  defiance,  and  almost  bears  dov.  n  that 
c:;rlstian  forbearance  we  are  taught  to  expend  to  the 
guilty.  I  freely  aiul  sincerely  give  credit  1o  some 
god-like  men  in  England  and  Amei-ica  wlio  have  ex- 
erted, themselves  to  eltect  aproiiibition  of  tlie  tr.ule 
in  [black]  luiman  flesh ;  but  I  iiave,  indeed,  quite 
ao  much  sympathy  lov  the  people  of  my  own  color 
as  for  those  of  .any  other  ;  aitd  ci'.nnot  ixissihly  es- 
teem those  pliihinthropists  that  would  give  a-eedoni 
only  to  one.  It  appears  to  me  quite  as  absurd 
for  a  person  to  clamor  for  the  em.ancipation  of  (he 
negroes  and  advocate  the  "legitimacy  of  kings,"  as 
ii  is  for  a  planter,  with  awldp  in  his  liar.d,  to  conterid 
for  the  abject  submission  of  his  bhxks,  wiaje  lie 
speaks  of  "liberty  and  eq'.uiiity."  In  both  c.-.ses 
tiiere  is  a  master ,-  but  the  latter  is  a  less  extensive 
evil  than  the  former,  and  therefore  tite  less  lo  be 
deprecated.  And  what  is  the  doctrine  oi  parpetn- 
al  ailegidnci  but  that  on  which  iicgro  slave:-:;  is  sus^ 
stained  .''  Certainly,  the  holders  of  black  slaves  have 
as  nuich  reason  to  contend  for  a  "ih'rine  tight"  over 
tlicse  born  on  their  farms,  of  their  "legal"  slaves,  as 
tiie  king  of  Great  Britainh&s  to  command  the  per- 
petual services  of  all  bora  witliin  his  dominions. — 
Let  the  sophist  point  out  tlie  diliereuce,  if  he  can. 
Tiie  Louisiana  negro  has  just  as  much  to  say  in  tlie 
choice  of  a  r.mater  us  the  natural  bfirn  Englisliman, 
if  the  creec'  of  the  "legitimates"  be  correct.  But 
leil  me,  in  whatresptCL  is  the  liussiaii  peasant,  for 
instance,  better  cfi'  than  oiu-  slaves  .'  I  venture  to 
assert  that  the  g'eneral  advant.age  is  on  tlie  side  of 
die  latter — iliat  diey  are  better  prv^teclcd  by  the 
laws  and  less  subject  to  oppressive  and  ilistressing 
acts  of  cruelty.  Tl)e  ilussian  is  the  prope;  ty  of  a 
mastei',  the  same  as  the  negro;  and  he  is  liable  to 
!)c  made  a  fghting  machine  of,  which  tiie  other  is 
not  Why,  then,  Li  it  tiiat  you  have  so  much  s\-,r.pa- 
thy  in.  England  only  for  the  blacks  ?  Some  say,  tuat 
your  sugai"  colonics  having-  a  full  su]}ply,  j  ou  have 
exerted  yourselves  to  preveriL  a  t/ade  in  negro 
slaves  that  you  may  make  a  monopoly  of  that  sweet 
commoditv.      But  I  have  not  room  to  examine  tlsis 


g40    NILES'AVEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  DECEMBERS,  I8I5. 


matter  as  it  deserves,  and  as  I  may  at  some  future 
]>eriad,  for  wliicli  purpose  I  liave  some  interestint;;' 
facts  collected  Ttlsrankliypocrisv-  Who  can  believe 
that  lord  Castkrec.jrh  was  really  influenced  by  feel- 
ing's of  humaniitf  when  he  contended  for  the  abolition 
oP  the  black  slave  trade  at  Vienna,  and  yet  so  pow- 
erfully advocated  (by  PTold)  the  sale  and  transfer 
of  millions  on  millions  of  white  people,  just  like  tlie 
neg'roes  are  disposed  of — See  Poland,  Sarony,  Italy, 
including  Genoa,  &c.  &c.  Were  not  the  men  countcil 
in  hose  exactly  as  slave  dealers  woidd  count  their 
slaves,  and  were  they  not  transferred  as  much 
ag-ainst  tlieir  consent  ?  A  part  of  the  Saxons  op- 
posed the  transfer,  and  were  shot  for  mutiny-  What 
more   could  be  done  with  revolted  negroes  ? 

Your  king  is  the  {greatest  dealer  in  human  flesh  m 
tlie  world — for  many  years  past  it  has  been  his  cus- 
tom to  buy  any  body  that  could  and  would  hold  a 
musket;  and,  what  is  worse,  he  bought  theni  witli 
tlie  express  view  of  putting  tliem  in  places  of  dan- 
g'er,  where  he  was  sure  that  many  of  them  must  be  ??jKr- 
dered.  I  say  murdei'fd — for  the  poor  creatures  had  no 
part  in  his  quarrels,  nor  did  they  exercise  their  free 
"will  in  coming-  into  bis  service.  Tiie  men  of  Aus- 
tria, Russia,  Prussia,  and  all  the  rest,  even  tlie  'tur- 
ban'd  Tiirlcs,'  have  been  as  fairly  and  absolutely 
botight  by  the  British  nation,  as  ever  was  a  carg-o 
of  neg-ro  slaves — the  money  ami  the  men  were  count- 
ed, and  tlieir  efficiency  was  inspect  ed,  the  same  as 
a  doctor  would  be  employed  to  examine  the  health, 
&c.  of  negroes  in  the  market.  All  the  twisting  and 
tiu-ning  in  the  world  cannot  alter  the  nature  of  this 
fiict — but  this  was  done,  even  the  Turks  were 
bought  to  fight  and  to  be  murdered,  for  "re-li-gi-onJ" 
01  foul  and  blaspliemoas  hypocrisy! 

And  further^tlic  miserable  wretches  thus  purchas- 
ed were  not  valued  half  so  highly  as  if  they  had  been 
negroes.  King  George  only  paid  30/.  a  piece  for  the 
Hessians  he  sent  into  America,  to  catch  iVashington 
and  the  rest,  and  hang  them.  Who  will  pretend  to 
assert  that  tliey  had  any  more  to  say  at  that  sale, 
than  a' Congo  negro  in  the  public  market  has.' — 
*Pshaw! — Impudence  itself  will  not  deny  it.* 


*The  following  extract  is  happily  suited  to  the 
jH'eceding  remarks: 

Extract  from  U  Observateur, 

A  PERIODICAL    PUELICATIOS    AT    BIIUSSELS. 

gL'Observateiu-  is  printed  without  date  or  number, 

just  as  the  editors  have  leisure  to  compose  them 

■ — the  following   articles    appeared  in  June  and 

July,  and  are  translated  from  the  French.] — Aurora 

**  In  acceding  to  the  treaty  of  alliance,  conclu- 
ded at  Vienna  tjie  25th  of  Mai-ch,  1815,  England 
reserved  to  lierself  the  libertj'  of  furnishing  her 
eontingent  either  in  men  or  money,  at  the  rate  of  30 
pounds  sterling  (about  650  francs)  per  man  per  an- 
num. Before  the  French  revolution,  the  average 
price  of  a  negro  was  3000  francs;  the  abolition  of 
the  trade,  and  the  devastation  of  the  French  and 
Spanish  colonies,  has  augmented  the  price,  inso 
■much  that  it  is  now  from  3300  to  3900  francs. — ■ 
Common  flesh,  f  chair  a  canojij  does  not  last  long 
in  Europe;  by  good  calculators,  its  duration  has 
been  estimated  at  two  years;  suppose  it  lasts  five; 
according  to  this  basis,  a  wliite  soldier  is  rated  in 
London  at  3250  francs.  Wc  then  see  tliat  a  difl:er- 
•nce  in  color  makes  some  in  the  pi-ice  of  slaves;  and 
tliat  in  Europe,  the  centre  of  light  and  civilization, 
a  wholesale  traffic  is  carried  on  by  the  potentat(,-s." 


Do  not  suppose  from  these  observations  that  I  am 
most  remotely  an  advocate  for  negro  slavery.     In- 
deed, T  am  not.  Rut  I  confess  I  have  a  sensibility  for 
■iMte  slaves  as  well  as  for  black  slaves  ;  and  am  so 
duU-siglited  that  I  cannot  secanyj'«.'/  differenceh^ 
tween  the  "legitimacy  of  king-;"  and  the  piinciple 
of  negTo  slavery.     I  frankly  admit,  tli  it  the  work  of 
reformation  should  begin  at  home.     We  have  began 
it  and  made  great  ])rogress  in  it,  and   it   would  be. 
completed,  with  great  expedition,  if  ^ve  could  get 
over  the  difficulty  that  arises  from  the  dilference  of 
color,  making  us  se/)nrat:'d  races  of  men.     J  low  this 
is  to  be  removed,  heaven  only  knows — we  can  only 
wish  it  were  removed.     Hut  the  fact  ouglit  to  be 
recollected — that   the   introduction  of  tliis   people 
was  not  the  act  of  the  republic — it  was  a  royal  busi- 
ness, cliiefly  by  the  "illustrious  house  of  Ihtin^swick,^*- 
that  saddled  us  with  tiiis  u/isfortune;    and,  like  other 
acts  of  your  "beloved  king,"  we  must  get  rid  of  it  as 
well  as  we  can. 

/iesources.  It  is  with  a  diffidence  bordering  near- 
ly on  fear,  that  I  venture  on  an  estimate  of  all  the. 
r^al  and  personal  property  of  tlie  United  States. — •, 
The  late  assessments  for  the  direct  tax  luive  aflbrd- 
ed  us  some  data  whereby  to  m.dce  a  calculation  for 
the  former;  which,  however,  must  still  be  arbiti-a- 
ry  and  uncertain — for  it  ;ippears  to  me  that  the  as- 
sessors in  different  states  have  acted  upon  diffisrent 
principles;  and,  besides,  I  have  not  yet  seen  many 
of  their  returns. 

Most  of  the  rest  of  the  items  are  founded  oil 
mere  matters  of  opinion,  which  is  always  various 
and  uncertain.  However,  valuations  ofthe  proper- 
ty of  nations  are  founded  chiefly  upon  it,  and  are 
not  to  be  relied  on,  thoug-h  they  may  afiord  i\  ffene- 
ral  idea  of  considerable  interest;  and  this  is  all  that 
they  can  do.  I  will  only  fiu-ther  observe  by  way  of 
apology  for  the  daring  attempt,  that  the  scliedul© 
below  has  been  made  up  by  a  reliance  on  facts, 
where  facts  were  attahtable  by  mc;  and  that  the. 
items  that  ha\  e  n«  facts  whatever  for  their  regula- 
tion, were  adopted  after  considerable  reflection. 

I  have  thought  on  this  subject,  at  times,  for  many 
years  past,  but  not  with  an  idea  tliat  I  myseif  should 
ever  venture  on  so  grand  an  estimate.  But  there  was 
one  thing  that  I  liad  fixed  upon,  and  I  have  found 
my  opinion  corroborated  by  that  of  all  others  to 
wliom  I  have  mentioned  it — whicli  is,  that  theivealth 
of  the  United  Slates  has  been  at  least  doubled  -Mthin 
the  last  ten  years,  and  in  the  result  given  I  had  th^ 
satisfaction  to  find  that  tills  principle,  applied  to 
the  calculations  of  Mr.  Blodcfett  (tiie  only  gentleman 
that  I  have  ever  heard  of  who  attempted  such  a  va- 
luation) considerably  strengthens  my  opinion  of  my 
own — for,  it  is  proper  to  say,  that,  resolving  to  keep 
my  mind  unbiassed  by  any  items  he  has  given  us, 
I  totally  refused  to  look  at  his  book  until  I  had 
sketched  my  own;  and  that  I  had  no  recollection  of 
tlie  aggregate  he  g-ave  us. 


"One  man  it  is  said,  menaces  the  security  and 
the  repose  of  Europe,  and  all  the  powers  of  tliis 
part  of  the  world  coalesce  to  overtlu'ow  him.  Won- 
derful event  !  A  stranger  without  partisans  among 
the  class  of  landholders,  of  merchants,  of  all  that 
hold  a  rank  in  society,  even  in  France,  supported 
only  by  the  lowest  order  of  the  people,  puts  ii\ 
motion  the  universal  league  of  kings.  A  haunt  of  pi- 
rates,  which,  for  two  centuries,  has  desolated  Euro- 
pean commerce,  and  renders  every  nation  its  tributa- 
ry, has  never  been  menaced  with  destruction,  by  a 
peojile  indignant  at  its  depredators  ;  but  it  h,^ 
foiuid  useful  support  among  tUe  others." 


NiLES  WEEKLY  REGISTER  -  AFFAIRS  AT  DETROIT. 


2il 


Schedule  of  the  real  and  persuTial  property  >,f  the  Uni- 
ted States. 

Lands,  lots  and  buildings,  in  the  U.  S. 

and  their  teriitories,  subject  to  tax  2,7-10,000,000 

Lands   and   buildings  not    subject  to 

t:ix  -  -  -  30,000,000 

Public  lands — 400^000,000  acres,  ma- 
ny  millions  of  which  are  among  tlie 
most  valuable  lands  in  the  world, 
and,  if  carefully  managed,  will  pro- 
duce five  times  the  simi  now  esti- 
mated -  -  -  800,000,000 

■Slaves— 1,200,000,  atS200  240,000,000 

Shipping,  public  and  private  -  50,000,000 

Banking  and  insurance  companies, 
and  other  moniod  institutions  for 
turnpike  roads,  bridges,  canals,  Slc. 
i  Manufactories  of  all  sorls — capital  in- 
vested, and  stock  of  goods  and  ma- 
terials on  hand 

Articles  in  the  hands  of  agricultural- 
is;s,  mevcliants  and  meclianics — 
liouse'iold  furniture,  farming  uten- 
sils, mechanical  tools  and  imple- 
ments, weariiig  app„rel  and  money, 
&c.   at    f^j5J  for  eacii   family,    say 

■    1,2jO,000 

Stock— horses  2,000,000;  horned  cat- 
tie  6,0Ja,OjO;  sheep  8,000,000;  swine 
6,jj0,O0u;  and  all  other  domestic 
animals         .... 


150,000,000 


200,000,000 


The  principle  set  up  by  the  British  authorities,  of 
taking-  cngTuzance  of  alleged  offnicea  committed  Tjithin 
the  limits  of  the  United  States,  is  too  absurd  to  admit 
of  a  moment's  dispute.  It  is  altogethei-  unwarranta- 
ble. It  strikes  directly  at  our  national  sovereignty. 
In  this  light  it  must  have  appeared  even  to  coi. 
James  himself.  Why  then  is  the  pretension  advanc-^ 
ed  ?  Was  it  supposed  that  the  American  authorities 
were  too  timid  to  resist  the  preposterous  claim,  or 

too  unjust  to  afibrd  redress  where  it  was  due.' 

No!  but  the  pompous  interference  of  his  majesty's 
agents  in  behalf  of  his  old  allies,  iu  a  matter  which 
did  not  conern  them,  was  designed  to  give  the 
untutored  savages  exalted  ideas  of  the  friendship, 
the  power,  and  the  dignity  of  the  Rritish  govern- 
ment— to  make  that  government  appear  to  them  as 
the  avenger  of  their  wrongs.  It  was  not  a  love  of 
justice,  but  a  design  to  magnify  lijs  own  importance, 
which  prevented  col.  James  from  directing  the,  In- 
dians to  the  proper  authority,  the  American  g-a\-em- 
ment,  for  a  hearing  of  their  complaints. 

Governor  Cass  has,  however,  met  tlie  application 
with  becoming  dignity  and  spirit.     While  the  A 


4,850,000,000 


Ifr.  Blodgett's  valuation  for  1805,  was  2,5 J5,500,OUO 
dollars.     Economica  p.  96. 


Afiairs  at  Detroit. 

THOM   T1!K    PITTS«rnG   MERCITnY. 

A  friend  lias  handed  us  for  publication  in  the 
Pittsburg  Mercury,  the  following  documents,  from 
Ko.  1  to  Xo.  9,  inclusive,  in  relation  to  some  recent 
occurrences  at  Detroit.  These  documents  will 
be  read  Vv'ith  much  interest.  Tliey  afford  evidence 
of  the  hostile  disposition  of  the  British  commanding 
oiRcer  towards  tlie  American  government  and  peo- 
ple; they  show  the  length  to  which  he  is  disposed 
to  go,  in  maintaining  the  British  ascendancy  over 
the  minds  of  the  Indians;  and  they  furnish  the  most 
tmequivocal  testimony  of  a  desire  in  the  British 
authorities,  to  cherish  and  promote  among  the 
savages  dispositions  hostile  to  the  United  States,\o 
be  employed  as  future  events  may  render  necessary. 
These  circumstances,  connected  with  the  prepara- 
tions making  by  the  British  government,  throughout 
t>ie  whole  extent  of  the  Canadian  lines,  loudly  call 
for  preparations  also  on  the  part  of  the  \S.  States. 


*I  was  much  tempted  to  raise  this  item  a  great 
fleal  higher — the  foreign  goods  in  the  hands  of  the 
merchants  and  shop-keepers  and  dealers,  are  proba- 
bly worth  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  amount,  and 
the  stock  of  grain,  Sec.  needful  for  the  7nere  con- 
sumption of  our  people  until  the  ne.Kt  harvest,  can- 
vot  be  worth  less  than  lOO  millions,  or  there  will  be 
a  famine,  which  is  not  Upprehended.  If  a  person 
will  examine  the  rest  of  tlie  articles  named  in  the 
items,  he  must  feel  satisfied  that  it  might  have  been 
considerably  advanced  and  still  have  continued  Vvith- 
in  tlie  range  of  probabilides.  On  tiie  who'.e,  I  appre- 
hend, afier  the  best  judgment  I  have  of  the  matter, 
founded  upon  many  calculations,  arbitrjuy  to  be 
sure,  that  the  value  may  he  put  dywn  at  live  thou- 
sand millions  of  dollars. 


',me- 
rican  courts  are  left  open  for  the  hearing  of  allc'-ed 
oiiences,  he  suffers  no  interference  ofa.  foreig-nporvep 
with  questions  conung  witiiin  the  American  jiirisdic- 
*420,000,000!i^i''«.  He  will  not  suffer  an  American  citizen  to  be 
tran  ^ported  to  his  majesty's  dominions,  for  alleged 
crimes  committed  wiihin  the  American  territory. 

In  these  remarks  we  have  confined  ourselves 
220,000,000 j  entirely  to  the  unwarrantable  interference  of  the 
British  authorities.  That  the  killing  of  the  Kickapoa 
Indian  was  an  act  of  self  defence,  we  believe,  from 
a  perusal  of  the  documents,  admits  of  no  doubt;  as 
well  as  that  the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood  of  De- 
troit, perhaps  with  the  connivance  of  the  British, 
are  in  the  constant  habit  of  committing  depredations 
on  tlie  projierty  of  the  American  citizens. 

We  have  one  remark  more  to  malce.  Why  have 
tlie  British  authorities,  in  offering  a  reward  for  the 
offender,  substituted  the  American  curreiicv,  dol- 
lars in  the  room  of  pounds  or  g-idncas,  which  is  tiie 
usual  practice  in  tlieir  proclamations  .and  other  pub- 
lic documents  .'  Was  it  intended  by  this,  to  operate 
on  Uie  minds  of  the  citizens  of  the  Michigan  terri- 
tory and  thereby  to  excite  them  to  acts  unbecoming 
their  own  character,  and  the  rights  and  dignity  of 
their  government  1  The  question  must  be  answered 
in  the  affirmative.  But,  we  trust  tlie  attem.pt  will 
be  fomid  as  futile  as  it  is  insiduous. 

Xo.  I. 

Sandrdch,  5th   October,  1315. 

Sir — I  beg  leave  to  inform  you,  that  it  has  been 
officially  reported  to  me,  that  an  Indian  was  yester- 
day murdered  under  most  aggrav.atcd  circumstan- 
ces, in  a  canoe  close  to  Gross  Isle,  b}'  a  shot  fired 
from  an  American  boat,  having  eight  or  ten  men  in 
her,  supposed  to  be  soldiers;  and  that  an  officer  or 
non-commissioned  officer  was  in  the  boat  at  the  time 
this  cruel  act  Vv'as  perpetrated.  This  boat  mvist 
iiave  left  Detroit  yesterday. 

I  need  not  point  out  to  you  the  line  of  conduct 
necessary  on  this  occasion.  I  shall  direct  an  inquest 
on  the  body  to-morrow  morning;  and  I  beg  leave  to 
remind  you,  that  this  murder  has  been  committed 
on  the  body  of  an  unofiending  Indian,  and  vjy  point- 
ing ont  the  custom  of  savages,  would  be  unnecessary 
in  the  preseut  instance. 

I  h.avc  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient, 
humble  servant.     11.  J.WIE.S,  lieut.  col.  comd'g. 

His  Excellency  gov.  Cass,  Detroit. 

Xo.  n. 

Deti-dt,  5th  Octoler,  1815. 
Sia — I  have  tke  honor  W  aeku^^v.lede-c  the  vcGciii'. 


242     MILES'  VfEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DKCE^^BER  2,  1815. 


Df  yor.v  letter  of  this  date.  I  v/ill  c;uise  an  iiiq.:in 
to  lie  mnde  into  tiie  cii-cimislunces  of  liie  mindc: 
ullc.u'ed  tg  Icive  been  cottimitied  lipon  .Ji  Indi;ui  bv 
K  p'Ttv  of  men  in  un  AmericiJi  boat.  If  ;i  imirde) 
has  been  conmiittcd  by  Amevican  citizens,  ;'nd  ibc 
pci-petratovs  cdi  be  delected,  they  will  suffer  the 
punishment  wiiich  the  Imws  of  all  civilized  nations 
provide  for  such  ..n  oifence. 

In  .in  applicaiior.  of  this  kind,  it  was  unnecessar; 
to  allude  to  tiie  Twilan  cnslum  of  rccuUuihig  tipoji 
inifocent  individual'i,  iiijuries  v.iiich  any  of  tiicir 
tribes  may  have  received.  The  laws  of  t.'iiscouna'}' 
operate  with  ritjid  impartiality  upon  all  offenders; 
and   confident  I  am,  tiiat  no  cb'c«d  of  the  con<e-' 


qsicnces  will  ever  induce  tiie  courts  of  justice  ;g 
pii  lish  the  inn'jcent,  or  to  screen  liie  g-uiity. 

I  '\ill  send  a  persxjn  over  in  ihe morning  to  attend 
the  iiiqucst,  in  order  to  procure  sucli  evidence  a.- 
may  elucidate  the  circunis Lances  of  the  transacvion, 
ar.d  lead  to  the  detection  and  consequent  puidsh- 
uieiu  of  Lue  offenders. 

I  ciu)  sir,  with  respect,  j-oui'  obedient  servant, 

LEWIS  CASS. 

Col.  James. 

No.  ITT. 
Detroit,  7th  October,  1815. 

Sill — Since  my  letter  <;f  tiie  5ih  i'.->si.  in  answer  \.o 
yours  of  that  date,  I  iiave  ascertained  will;  preci.-iio-t 
t'ic  ciicum.stances  of  the  triinsacion  wiiicJ;  formed 
the  subject  of  your  communication. 

Tlie  Indian  alluded  to  was  killed  v/nile  in  the  act 
of  presenting  his  gun  at  ^Ir.  3.1'Comb,  hy  one  o', 
tlic  party  Vilio  was  wjtli  him.  The  eve  nt  was  con- 
nected with  that  predatory  system  which  the  lii- 
di:ins  have  pursued  for  some  time  upon  tiie  islands 
in  the  moulh  of  die  river,  and  wiilcli  If  not  checked,^ 
will  be  attended  with  still  more  disastrous  conse- 
quences to  them.  I  state  these  f;cts,  not  in  conse- 
quence of  the  representation  wiiicli  I  had  the  iiouov 
to  receive  from  you,  but  merely.in  justice  to  Mr. 
M'Comb,  that  erroneous  impressions  may  not  pre- 
vail with  respect  to  his  conduct  in  t)ie  business. 
The  Indian  was  killed  within  the  territoi-ial  juii.-s- 
dlction  of  the  United  States  ;  and  a  British  ofiice 
has,  consequent!}-,  no  right  to  require,  nor  ougiit  an 
American  officer  to  give,  any  explanation  upon  tht 
subject. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  ser\ant, 

LEWIS  CASS. 

Lieut,  col.  James. 

No.   TV. 
Petit  Cote,  2Ut  October,  1815. 

Sir — Herewith  I  beg  leave  to  forward  a  copy  of  : 
letter  addressed  to  me  by  tiic  deputy  su;.^erintend- 
ant  of  British  Indian  afiitirs,  in  this  district;  its 
contents  will  fully  liring  to  your  rtcoilccdon  die  cii- 
Gumstances,  and  I  make  no  doubt  you  vili  cause  a 
simil.'U-  restitution. 

I  have  tlic  honor  to  be,  sir,  j'our  most  obedient, 
humble  servant, 

n.JAME.S,  Lieut.  €o!. 
No.  V. 

[XNCLCSUIIE.] 

,iiiihcrstuur^,2lst  Oct.  1S15. 
Sir — Yesterday,  in  council,  the  prophet  request- 
ed that  you  siioulcl  be  informed,  tliat  the  Americrms 
Lad  stolen  eight  horses  and  a  colt,  off  Stcny  Island, 
belonging  to  the  Kickapoos,  to  which  place  they  hail 
croLScd  them  before  the  Indian  was  killed,  prepara- 
tory to  their  going  to  their  own  country.  He  s<.id, 
that  if  the  Americans  were  dispi>sed  to  be  peacea- 
ble, they  would  make  no  difficulty  in  ha^•ing  those 
horses  restored ;  and  requested  you  will  have  the 
goodness  to  make  the  demand  from  th«n,;  fteut  liwt 


summer,  when  some  of  their  young'  men  stole  a 
nurnbc)  o:"  horses  f  ;:m  the  otlier  side,  you  request- 
ed tiiem/to  be  restored ;  atthattirtie  they  listened 
to  your  words,  and  iir.K^.ediately  gave  tliem  up.-— 
Tnose  horses  were  stolen  a  few  nig-fits  id'ter  the  Kic- 
kdpoo  Was  killed. 

I  have  the  iioncr  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient, 
humble  servant, 

W.  CALDWELL,  A  D.  S.  G. 
Liuet.  col.  J.iir.cs,  &c.  &c. 

No.  Yl. 

Detroit,  26th  October,  1815. 

■  SrR — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt 
of  your  letter  of  vhe  21si  inst.  enclosing  one  from  a 
Mr.  Caldwell. 

Tlie  terms  of  liis  Ict'er  prevent  r-.e  from  talcing 
any  notice  of  it.  Upon  the  general  relation  of  the 
Indian  tribes  to  our  respective  govennnents,  and 
the  right  of  muUial  intci-ference,  .sucli  misimder- 
standing  has  prevailed,  and  I  am  so  anxious  to  i-e- 
move  all  collision  .is  well  of  sen'dment  as  of  rciicn,' 
thai  I  will  take  the  liberty  of  stating  my  opinion 
'.pon  the  subject.  The  jnrisdlction«of  the  TJn.ited 
Stales  and  of  Crcat  B-i'aln  within  their  territorial 
limits,  is  exclusive.  If  the  Indians  residing  undec, 
ilie  proteciion  of  either,  ?re  injured,  thev'  must 
apply  for  tediess  to  tne  government  of  the  country 
■i.hia  w'lich  they  live,  and  can  obtain  only  that  re- 
dress which  iis  laws  prescribe.  If  a.n  lndi;;n  is 
iiijured  in  his  person  or  his  property  within  this 
territory,  our  laws  have  amply  provided  for  the 
punishment  of  the  offender,  and  the  redress  of  the 
party  injured.  Vv'e  do  not  rxknowiedg-e  in  princi- 
ple nor  shrdl  we  ever  adndt  in  practice,  tlie  right  of 
any  foreign  atuhorities  to  interfere  in  any  arrange- 
ment or  discussion  between  us  and  the  Indians  li\'. 
ing  within  our  territory.  Aiiy  other  ]>rinciple  woidd 
render  tlie  sovereignty  of  the  United  States  merely 
nominal;  and  by  giving  to  the  agents  of  anotlier 
government  the  right  of  interfering,  would  lay  the 
foundation  for  continued  disputes. 

If  the  Indians  were  in  the  habit  of  stealing  hor- 
ses from  your  side  of  the  river,  and  bringing-  them 
here,  I  should  consider  it  my  duty  to  ]>ut .".  stop  to 

■  tie  prixctice  and  to  restore  the  property.  Tiiis  waS 
the  case  of  tlie  Indians  who  stole  horses  from  the 
.'^liami  ir.st  sum.mer,  and  took  them  to  Maiden.  You 
iiirected  their  restoration,  and  in  a  similar  case  I 
snail  cheerfully  follow  tlie  example. 

Bui,  i;"ilie  injury  is  done  in  Upper  Canada,  there 
exists  no  right  In  the  Ui.ited  States  lo  intetfere,  and- 
if  done  here,  there  is  no  right  ofinterference  in  the 
Urliisii  atiUioritles  there.  Were  an  Indian  Injured, 
:.'.  Maiden,  you  would  think  the  course  of  proce- 
ihire  uadt corou.-!,  and  tlie  dema.id  inadmissible, 
hould  an  Indian  agent  here  hold  a  council  upon  the 
puljject,  .ir.d  demand  cf  you  th:tt  the  injury  should 
e  redressed,  and  in  !;t;b.5tance  teil  }-ou  tiiat  the  al- 
crnativc  of  peace  or  war  depended  upon  your  de- 
cision. I  am  inclined  to  think  you  woidd  form  the 
iame  opinion  ((f  him  that  I  do  of  this  Mr.  Caldwell, 
and  in.ipute  his  conduct  to  ajirof.iuud  igv;orancc  of 
aic  rela.ivc  riglits  of  Hidions,  or  to  a  mOx"e  artful, 
diougli  less  unpardonable  motive,  ti;r.t  of  preserv- 
ing  aji  iuiiucnce  over  the  Indi.iP.s  to  be  used  as  sub- 
.jcquent  events  may  render  expedient. 

In  the  applicalion  of  iht6eprr.:c:plcs,  I  h.tve  only 
to  oliserve,  th.^t  Stoney  Isl.tf.d,  v/her.ce  these  lioi'ses 
were  stated  to  have  been  ttiken,  is  in  tins  territory; 
that  the  liorses  were  not  taken  from  t:;ere  to  Cana- 
da, and  that  a  liritish  oflicer  has  consequently  na 
right  to  m;  ke  any  claim  in  behalf  of  the  Indians  up- 
on tiie  subject.  But,  .-;ir,  to  yoiu-self  personally,  I 
freely  sa^,  %iul  \  did  not  hesitate  &  moment  to  «n- 


NiLES'  V7EEKLY  REGISTER— AFFAIRS  OF  DETROIT.  04<3 

quire  into  the  transaction.  I  foim.l  that  these  hor-i  whether  upon  the  land  or  the  water,  by  virtue  of 
ses  were  taken  From  Stony  I.shnid  to  Gross  Isle,  uii-jthe  adverti.senient  licfore  mentioned,  or  of  any  pvo- 
derthe  impression  that  they  belonged  to  people  of  | cess  wiiich  m.ty  issue  from  any  authority, other  tiian 


t,his  tenritory,  and  for  the  pui-po:,e  of  rcciaimintj 
them;,  and  that  four  others  arid  a  colt  followed  tliese. 
As  soon  as  the  ftct  was  reported  to  me,  I  directed 
that  the  whole  shotdd  be  brought  here  wit!i  a  vicv/ 
to  restore  those  wiiich  had  not  been  stolen. 

On  their  arrival  here,  one  was  identified,  as  tlie 
pro])erty  of  a  citizen  oftliis  place,  and  lias  been 
-delivered  to  liLn.  -The  other  shall  be  deUvereil  tq 
the  Indiiins  wiio  own  them,  as  soon  as  they  appear 
to  ci.iim  them. 

With  inuch  respect,  sir,  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
your  nio.st  obedient  servant,  LJ-LV/IS  CASS. 

Lieut.  Col.  James. 

No.  VII. 
Five  hundred  dollars  rexcard. 


that  of  the  United  States,  or  of  this  territor; 
And  to  appreiiend  and  secure  all  persoijs  offending 
in  the  premises,  that  they  may  be  dealt  with  ac- 
cording' to  law. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  l>ereunto  set 
my  haml,  and  caused  ilie  great  sea!  of  the 
territory  to  be  affixed,  at  Detroit,  tlus 
twenty-seventh  day  of  October,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eig-ht  lumdrcd 
aiul  fifteen. 

LEWIS  CASS. 
Xo.  TX. 

Ih-tvoit,  October  27,  1815. 
His  excellency  g-overnor  Cajs. 

Sir — Ag-reeable  to  request,  I  transmit  to  von  for 

WiisnEis,  by  an  inquest  taken  by  the  coroner  orJ3'-our  information,  a  statement  of  the  facts  relative 

the  vvcjtcrn  district,  it  appears  to  tlie  mag-istrateslto  tlie  killing"  of  an  Indian  on  the  sliore  of  Gross 


in  special  ses-ion  assembled,  tliat  an  Indian  of  the 
Kick-.poo  nation  was,  on  the  evenhip;  of  tiie  4th  inst. 
wilfully  panrdered,  en  the  navigable  waters  of  the 
Detroi'  river,  by  persons  unknown. 

A  re.vard  of  five  hundred  d.iUars  will  be  .ijivcTi  to 
any  person  or  persons  that  will  secure  the  perpe- 
trator or  pe:-petrators  of  tiie  said  murder,  in  some 
one  of  his  majesty's  jails  in  th.is  province. 

Done  in  special  session  at  .Sandwich,  the  IStii  day 


isle. 

1  W-is  on  my  way  in  ?.  batter-u,  accompanied  by 
nine  men,  to  Gross  Isle.  When  arrived  witliin 
about  a  mile  of  my  house,  on  Gross  Isle,  I  lica'.d 
the  report  of  a  rirte,  which  proceeded  fom  the 
shore.  I  immefiateiy  ordered  the  men  to  put  to 
shore  with  the  boat.  The  shore  where  the  batteau 
land.ed  was  liig'h  on  a  bluif — I  ascended  it  unaccom- 
panied by  any  of  the  men;  wlien  arrived  at  the  sum- 


of  October,  in  the  55th  year  of  his  majesty's  reig'n.imit  of  the  bank,  I  discovered  an  Indian  tent  pitch- 
(Sijned)  11.  RICII.VllDSvJX,  Ciiairman.      jed  and  a  bark  cabin.     I  entered  the  cabin,  where  I 


A  true  copv, 
(Siijned)         '  JA.MES  ALLEN',  C.  P.  W.  D. 
No.  VllL 

J3y  l.z:vis   Cass,   govsivior  in  and  over  the  territory 
uf  Jnchisciu. 
A  PiiOCLASIATION. 
, Whereas  a  rev.-atd    of  tive  hundred   dollars   has 
bee'i  oiTeredby  t'.ie  mag'istrates  of  t!ie  western  dis- 
trict of  Upper  Canada,  for  the  apprehension  of  the 


found  one  Indian,  a  squaw,  and  two  or  three  \oung' 
children.  1  observed  the  squaw  was  woi-king-  at 
sometiiin^  wiiich  she  endeavored  to  conceal;  upon 
a  nearer  examination  of  the  matter,  I  fountl  tluitthe 
object  of  lier  labor  was  a  ntimber  of  cattle's  feet. 
I  asked  the  Indian  wlierc  he  pi-;>c"ued  so  manv  of 
tliem;  he  informed  me  he  had  troi  them  at  tlie  -zviq-- 
ivam,  pointinij  to  my  house.  I  told  him  I  had  not 
killed  any  cattle  this  summer,  and  consequently  lie 


person  aiie.q^ed  to  have  murdered  m\  Indian  on  tiie  must  have  taken  tiiat  liberty  liimself     I  then  left 
4th  hist,    on  the   navigable  waters  of  tiie  Detroit 
river,  and  for  securing  him  in  any  jail  in  that  pro- 
vince; iind  wliereas,  the  Indi,tn  in  question  was  kiii- 


im  and  returned  to  the  batteau,  vviiere  I  desired 
two  or  three  of  tlie  men  to  come  witii  m.e  and  see 
wha^t  these  fellows  had  been  committing-.     Tiie  men 


ed  while  in  a  canoe,  wiiliin  a  few  rods  of  Gross  Isle,  foUov/ed  me  up  to  the  hill  and  entered  th.e  c;'.bh), 
by  a  m.in  upon  that  islan.l,  and  as  it  is  stated,  v.hiie  where  in  addition  to  the  cows  or  cattle's  feet,  they 
in  t'he  act  of  presenting  his  gun  at  one  of  the  party  found    two  or  three   tails,  which  appeared  to  be 


tiiken  from  anim.als  that  had  been  but  lately  killed. 
I  then  i'lformcd  the  Iiulian  tliat  if  I  caught  him  or 
any  of  his  tribe  upon  the  island  after  to-morrow, 
that  I  would  come  witli  the  men  I  had  wi:h  metlien^ 
and  massacre  every  one  of  them.     I  was  then  pro- 


which  v.-as  with  hsni;  and  wl^cieas,  tiie  island  of 
Gross  Isle  is  in  tills  territory,  and  the  right  of  the 
United  States  to  its  jiu-isiliction  has  never  been 
contested,  and  the  Indi-.n  at  the  time  he  was  kill- 
ed, v.'as  a  considerable  distance  on  the  west  side  "of 

the  middle  of  the  water  communication  betweenlceeding  to 'he  batteau,  with  the  intention  of  goin.aj 
lakes  Erie  and  Huron,  wiiich  forms  the  bouiidary  joif,  wiien  I  perceived  four  or  five  Indians  issuin.^ 
between  the  United  States  and  tiie  possessions  of i  from  the  woods,  with  their  rilles  upon  iheir  siioui- 
hii  Britannic  m.ijesty:  Iders.     They   came  up   to    the  place   where  I  was 

Now,  therefore,  that  pretensions  so  unfounded  Istioiding,  and  passed  by  me  to  tlieir  c;moe,  viiicli 
may  be  resisted,  and  attempts  so  unjustihable  ir.ayjla}'  about  twenty  yards  from  the  batteau.  When 
be  repelled;  that  the  people  of  this   territory  may  they  liad  arrived  at  their  canoe  and  were  entering  it. 


not  be  transported  to  a  foreign  country  tor  acts 
committed  here;  and  that  the  Indians  residing  witli- 
in the  United  States,  may  not  be  taught  to  look  to 
the  agents  of  another  governmerit  for  that  protec- 
tion and  )-edress  which  oin-  laws  so  fully  iiffbrd,  and 


1  (stii!  standi:\--  oii  the  top  of  the  hill  vviih  the  three 
men)  called  to  them  and  b;:de  tliem  be  off  and  ne- 
ver more  to  make  tlseir  appearance  on  the  island. — 
Wiiilst  I  was  speaking-  to  them,  the  Indian  whom  I 
found  hi  the  cabin  came  fonvaj-d  and  addressed  them 


a  foreign  influence  thereby  acquired  and  excicisediin  the  Indian  language,  upon,  which  they  set  up  the 
over  them  as  incompatible  v.'itn  the  sovereignty  of  most  hideous  ycli  1  ever  listened  to  in  my  hfe.  Tiie 
the  United  States,  as  it  is  with  th.e  arnic.ible  rela-  canoe  in  wldciy  tliey  were  during  the  time  I  v/as 
tions  exisiing  between  them  and  (Jreat  IJriutin,  and  speakiiig  to  them,  had  been  s!U)ve<.i  or  paddled 
the  hope  that  those  relations  will  continue,  1  have  from  the  shore  about  ten  or  twelve  feet,  v/hen  one 
issued  this  my  proclamation,  hereby   re^uhing  all  of  the  indi:.n.s  seized  his  riMc,  ('ivhich  he  had  placed 


persons,  citizens  of  this  territory,  or  rcjulmg  there- 
in, to  repel  by  force,  all  attempts  v.-hic.Ji  may  be 
made  to  a])p::.eiiend  any  person  on  the  west  side  of 
the  middle  of  the  water  ccmiiuinie.itiun  aforesaid. 


in  the  boitoni  of  tlie  canoe)  and  levelled  it  at  me, 
v.lth  what  intention  I  could  not  divine  at  the  time. 
Tnc  men  in  the  bo.d  cried  out,  "  JSlr.  jM.icrml',  le  is 
^■oii!£-  t<)  s'antityiiit;'^  uj^on  v.iiich  or.eofthe  men  ^^^i^ 


244      ^'iLES'  ^VEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  2,  1815. 


was  near  me,  immediately  fired  upon  him  and  killed 
iiim.  He  fell  in  tht  bottom  of  tiie  canoe  and  was 
taken  over  to  the  Encclish  side.  It  was  with  the 
greatest  difficulty  I  could  prevent  the  men  in  the 
bout  from  firing'  upon  them  after  the  first  one  liad 
■fired.  I  thcJi  ordered  the  men  to  return  with  me  to 
tlie  boat,  itnd  we  proceeded  on  our  way  to  my  hou.se. 
This,  sir,  is  a  trae  statement  of  facts;  and,  permit 
me  to  rt.dd.  that  I  have  often  been  annoyed  by  these 
insolent  fellows,  who  liave  been  here'iofore  instru- 
mental in  kilUng'  my  cattle  on  the  island. 

Fhave  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  vour  most  obedient 
servant,  DAVil)  11.  MACOMB. 

Sworn  to  liefore  me  at  Detroit,  the  dav  and  year  as 

above  written.  JAMES  ABBOTT, 

Justice  of  the  peace. 


inji:  men,  7nistook  for  Englishmen,  Irishmen  or  Scotchj 
men ! 

It  is  stated  that  in  several  places  the  British  sea- 
men forcibly  board  private  vessels  t()  ascertain  if 
there  be  any  "f^reig-n  seamen,"  insistintj  on  their 
discharge,  to  get  home  or  subsist  as  well  as  they 
can. 

The  unfortunate  Epen'ter.  An  officer  of  one  of  the 
U.S.  ship's  just  arrived  at  Newport,  has  furnislied  the 
following  list  of  tlie  officers  of  the  Epervier  : — Lt. 
com.  Siuibrick  ;  lieut.  B;u-nwell ;  lletit.  Drury ;  sail- 
ing master  AV rig] it ;  midshijnnau  Coulter,  and  Hun- 
ter, and  several  others.  Passengers,  capt.  Lewis  ; 
iicuts.  Neal  and  Y.irnell.  The  Americans  released 
at  Algiers  M-ers  also  on  board. 

We  have  had  a  report  that  the  Epervier  was  sunk 
bv  ii  British  74.,  because  lieut.  Shubrick  nobly  refus- 


CUKOISICLE. 

■  Treaty  of  comvit-rce.  The  London  Morning  Cln-o 
Hide  of  Oct.  6,  positively  says  that  no  such  "treaty 
is  do-ned"  between  (ireat  Britain  and  the  United 
States.  \i  s.  treatij  \\^s  woihtf^n  signed,  we  believe 
that  some  ;u-rangement  pretty  much  like  one  has  been 
agreed  to,  and  that  the  Briiish  acted  upon  it  In  re- 
moving their  discriminating  duties. 

Mgemies  and  Biitc/i.  By  a  vessel  from  Cadiz 
we  iearn  that  the  Dutch  squadron  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean was  at  Leghorn,  and  tliatit  wus  said  an  Al- 
rerine  fteet  of  30  sail,  including  srnall  vessels,  had 
put  to  sea  for  the  purpose  of  meeang  tiie  Dutch. 

Commerce.  Since  this  day  week  (says  a  late  ^Yety 
^or^•paper)  there  have  arrived  at  tliis  pon,  fif-i/ 
jin>e  sail  of  vessels  from  foreign  ports,  mostly  ships, 
with  valuable  cargoes;  anditf.er  the  storm  of  Eas- 
terly weatiier  which  now  prevails,  it  is  highly  pro- 
bable aS  many  more  may  come  in,  in  tlie  course  of 
another  week. 

Gen.  Jackson,  now  at  Washington  city,  is  receiv- 
ing every  mark  of  respect  that  u  grateful  people  can 
testow. 

Gen.  Ciishing,\aXt  of  the  United  States  army,  has 
been  appointed  collector  of  the  port  of  New  Lon- 
don. 

C4en.  Mitchell,  formerly  governor  of  Georgia,  has 
been  re-elected  by  the  legislature  in  the  phtce  of 
gov.  Early.  On  the  first  ballot  the  votes  were,  for 
gov.  Early  51 — Gen.  Mitcliell  47,  and  22  scuttei-lng 
— on  the  second  ballot.  Gen.  .M.  97,  Gov.  E.  49  and 
4  scattering. 

Adjutant  and  Inspector  General's  Office. 

November  22, 1815. 

Ges^elal  OKt)EB. — The  several  memorials,  recent- 
ly presented  to  the  War  Department,  relative  to 
changes   of  uniform,  have  been  considered. 

The  uniform  of  the  army  established  during  tlie 
war,  must  be  observed  by  the  officers  of  tiie  Peace 
Establishment,  and  fancy  dresses,  resembling  the 
military,  without  conforming  to  the  regulations,  are 
not  to  be  M'orn. 

Jiy  onldr  of  the  secretani  of  war, 

D.  PARKER,  Adj.  and  Ins.  Gen. 

Seamen.  Since  the  reduction  of  their  navy,  the 
British  seem  as  anxious  to  get  rid  of  "foreign  sea- 
men" as  they  were  before  to  steal  them.  Some  of 
tiie  London  papers  told  us  a  little  wliile  ago  that  all 
.sucu  were  to  be  discharged,  and  behold  !  on  the 
very  day  tliat  the  people  of  New-York,  (tlie  25th 
November)  were  cclebr;iting  the  annivei'sary  of  the 
evacuation  of  their  city  by  the  British  in  1783,  a 
ship  arrives  from  England,  as  a  cartel  with  173  im- 
pressed seamen  recently  discharged  from  Briiish 
sh.lps  of  war,  and  anotlicr  vessel  is  expected  wit.h  (jj^Many  article's  in  type  omitted — ^Hut  nothing 
tl»c  people  of  color.,  which  the  British  otficers,  want- i important.     Bonaparte  has  landed  at  St.  llclentx,. 


ed  to  shew  iiis  commission.   There  is  no  probabllitj- 
in  this  story. 

Shi/jpiiig  at  J^Te-iV-Yorh.  On  Saturday  last  there 
were  lying  in  t!ie  harlior  of  New  York^  121  Ameri- 
can and  18  foreign  sliips  ;  1  American  and  2  foreig-n 
barques  ;  84  Americ.m  and  22  foreign  In-igs  ;  1  fo- 
reign galliot;  128  American  and  6  foreign  schoo- 
r.ers  ;  234  American  and  3  foreign  sloops  ; — total 
6j2  merchant  vessels.  This  enumeration  does  not 
include  small  vessels,  of  which  there  are  a  great 
number. 

William  B.  Giles,  of  Virginia,  has  resigned  his 
scat  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States. 
Ectract  of  a  letter  from  an  officer  on  board  the   TJ.   S. 
Biig  Enterpnze. 

"  We  remained  at  Malaga  about  two  days  and 
tlien  returned  to  Gibraltar — b.ere  we  were  joined 
by  all  commodore  Decatur's  squadron,  exce])ting' 
his  own  ship.  Our  fleet  now  consisted  of  the  Inde^ 
pcndence,  Mficcdoni.m,  United  States,  Constellation, 
Congress,  OnUn'io,  Erie,  Enterpri/sc,  Cliippewa,  Sara- 
nac,  Boxerj  Firefly,  F!ambeau,Torch,  Spitfire,  Spark 
and  Lyiix.  It  w.iS  a  proud  sig-ht  for  an  American  to 
see  in  a  Britisli  port  just  at  the  close  of  a  war  with 
her,  which  the  English  thought  would  have  been 
tlie  destruction  of  our  navy,  a  squadron  ofseventeea 
s.iil,  larger  perhaps  than  our  wliole  navy  at  the  com- 
mericement  of  that  war.  At  Malaga  the  governor 
waii  ed  on  conunodore  Bainbridge  on  board  his  ships 
.ui  honor  wliich  he  Jiad  Jiever  deigned  to  pay  to  any 
admiral  before. — On  our  arrival  at  Gibraltar  tiie 
commodore  fired  a  salute  of  seventeen  guns,  which 
was  returned  with  fifteen.  Commodore  Bainbridge 
immediately  sent  an  officer  on  siiore  to  inform  the 
It.  governor  that  he  had  fired  17  guns,  ;uid  expect- 
ed his  salute  to  be  returned  gnm  for  gu?i,  and  he 
therefore  demanded  X\vaX  t-ivo  more  guns  should  be 
innncdiately  fired.  The  It.  governor  apologized 
and  fired  the  other  two  guns.     Thus  you  see,  my 

dear ,  that  an  American  commodore  can  now 

demand  respect   from   tliose   who   formerly   would 
scarcely  liave  noticed  him. 

"You  have  no  idea  of  the  respect  which  the  Ame- 
rican cJiaracter  his  gained  by  olu'  late  wahs.  The 
Spaniards,  especially,  think  we  are  devils  incarnate: 
as  we  beat  the  English,  who  beat  the  French  who 
best  them  wliom  nobody  ever  beat  before — and  the 
Algerines,  whom  tlie  devil  himself  could  not  beat." 

TELF.cu.vrus. — J\'e~v  York,  J^'ov.  23. — .Mr.  Schultz, 
we  understand,  has  obtained  a  Patent  from  the  Pre- 
sidentofthe  United  States  for  a  newl\'-invented 
Teiegi-aph,  which  it  is  intended  to  submit  to  the 
corporation  of  this  city  for  the  purpose  of  liaving  it 
adopled  at  the  Narrov.s.  It  exhibits  whole  senten- 
ces in  the  same  rcfi-ular  order  as   common  reading. 


"^  I  ■  ■  I L  uwgWfcanMBMw^^iBPH  aiT^f^:*^ 


rn^^nrsn^waA 


KILSS'   WEEKLY    REGISTER 

_, . ■■  — -■ — — — — . — — —  ti 

BALTIMORE,  SATLTRDAY,  DECE.MBEU  9,  1815.         [wuole  xo.  223. 


No.   15  <•!'    Vol.   IX. 


/lac  olim  mcniiiiisse  juvadit^ — Vip.gil. 


rii.TVTi:i)  AND  puur.i!in[i;n  iir  it.  ni!.ks,  no.  29,  south  cALA'EiiT-sTinoKT,  at  ^5  rr.n  Aysvin. 


"I'he  documents  .tiid  pajicrs  to  be  luid  befoi-e  con- 
p;re3  •,  froiii  tlie  diil'erent  depn.rtmer;ts,  relative  to 
tiie  p;irtic!i!:ir  concerns  oi'  each,  respeclively,  will, 
doubilcs;,  l)e,  as  weU  for  the  ptiyt  aslhe  future,  of 
the  most  iiitc-resliiv;'  'jharud  er,  and  no  labor  or  ex- 
pense slia'ii  be  spared  to  insert  every  thini^  in  det.-ii'i 
tlsat  may  appear  usefni.  We  have  made  excellent 
arranc^ements  for  receivin!^  all  such. 

We  have  matter  enoujj'h  on  hnnd,  that  o'v^ht  to  be 
inserted,  to  fill  fo;ir  or  five  numbers  of  the  Rkristkis. 
Amonjf  the  articles  ;!re  tliree  letters  on  numl  ajfairs, 
l:vteiy  piibli'ihed  in  tlie  Cohimbian,  having"  reference 
to  those  which  recently  appeared  in  this  pape:', 
revised  an;l  communicated  by  their  autlior.  All 
Which  shall  be  disposed  of  as  fist  as  is  pos^Iblc,  coni- 
patiide  widi  a  due  rei^ai'd  to  variety  and  passing 
events.  Also,  the  patriotic  communications  of  the 
governors  of  (.Georgia,  North-Carolina,  Yirj^iniaauu 
Soutl'.  Carolina  to  theii-  respective  legislatures. 

The  i'jresent  number  is  rich  in  statistics.  We  are 
promised  a  similar  exposiiion  of  the  f.xts,  resulting- 
from  the  late  assessment  of  JiLirylnml,  and  will  be 
very  tiiankfal  to  receive  tliem  from  other  states. 
These  t.-,bles  are  among-  the  most  interesting  and 
important  things  we  shall  have  to  record. 


Biographical  Memoir 

Of  Governor  Tompkins,  of  New  Yorn-. 

The  lives  of  men  who  have  rir.ea  to  distinction,  in 
■any  country,  become  an  interesting  and  laudable 
object  of  cuiiosity  to  the  public.  In  a  free  country, 
such  as  our  o'.\ni,  wiierc  the  same  road  to  h.onouis 
and  prcfermenl,  is  ojjcn  to  every  man,  it  affords  an 
hsefal  lesson  to  trace  the  early  career  offeiiiiisto 
•ihat  maturity  of  vigour,  that  pieces  a  citizen  above 
his  feilovv's.  During  the  many  severe  and  arduous 
stnu:-glos  which  the  United  States  h.ave  !iad,  as  well 
in  their  internal  as  in  their  externa]  relations,  since 
their  mernor.'bie  decla:  alien  of  independence,  to 
maintain  it  iminipaired,  no  man  has  g'iven  more  im- 
portunt  proofs  of  patriotism  than  the  subject  of  this 
memoir;  and  from  the  commencement  to  tJ'.e  ter- 
mination of  our  last  contest  with  Great  Britain,  i>is 
sei-vices  have  been  unremittingly  devoted  to  ids 
country.  To  the  life  ofsuchamanwe  look  with 
pcc;ili:.r  interest,  for  the  early  developemeni  of 
those  vigorous  powers  whose  constant  exertion  for 
tlie  puhiic  good,  h.as  placed  him  in  the  first  rank 
of  public  benefacto'-s. 

.lohn  Tompkins,  tiie  great  gi-and  father  of  our 
present  subject,  together  with  his  brother  Nathaniel 
emigrated  with  their  fmiiiies,  from  the  nortli  of 
EngUnd,  during  th.e  religious  persecutions  wliich 
distracted  tli-at  country,  to  Plymoutii  in  tlie  then 
province iii'Afassachmetts.  There  they  remained 
but  a  short  time,  having  become  joint  patentees  of 
attract  of  land  in  East  Chester  in  the  state  of  New- 
York,  to  which  tiiey  removed.  Jou.v  supported 
through  life  tiie  clnu-acter  of  an  jionest  man,  and 
died  at  an  advanced  age,  leaving  two  sons  and  a 
dauglittr.  His  eldest  son  Josiiua  from  whom  the  go- 
vei-nor  is  descended,  lived  also  to  a  very  advanced 
ag-e,  and  nobly  sustained  the  reputation  of  the  fami- 
ly by  t!ie  incorruptible  prol>ity  of  his  conduct. — 
:>la  had  t-.veive  cJuldren  ;  «f  v.honi  Jonathan  firif- 
VOL..  IX. 


fin  T.  the  Governor's  father  was  the  sixth.  Ha 
was  born  on  the  8Lh  of  June,  irSo,  and  at  tlie  age  o 
four  years  was  adopted  by,  and  entered  tlie  family 
of  Jonathan  Grillin,  a  respectable  farmer  and  mer- 
clumt  residing  at  Fox  .Meadows  on  the  river  Bronx, 
v.'lm  was  his  uncle  by  marriage,  and  from  whom  ho 
received  his  name.  At  a  proper  age  Joniitlian  was 
put  to  the  study  ofphy.sic;  but  not  behig  ple.iS- 
ed  with  the  profession,  he  returned,  after  a  short 
time,  to  his  uncle  and  continued  to  superintend  hi3 
firmirig  and  mercantile  concerns.  In  1758  he  mar- 
ried Sai-ah,  the  daughter  of  Caleb  Hyatt,  E-jr.  of 
U'l'dic  Plains.  She  bore  iiim  twelve  children,  and 
died  in  April,  1810,  at  the  age  of  7U,  universally  re- 
spected for  the  many  virtues  wiiich  distinguislietl 
her  life.  In  1772  Jonathan  being  cut  off  from  all 
hopes  of  inlieritance  from  liis  uncle,  bv  the  marri' 
age  of  that  gentleman  with  a  widow  of  large  fami- 
ly, purchased  the  farm  a.t  Fox  Meadows  where  he 
still  continues  to  reside.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  revolution,  he  was  foimd  ready  to  take  an  ac- 
tive part  with  his  comitry  ;  and  at  the  battle  of 
■WJiiie  Plains  was  driven  from  his  house  and  farm 
by  tl^e  enemy,  to  which  he  did  not  return  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Elijah  Crawford,  James  VariaVf 
and  himself  were  the  o:ily  inhabitants  of  the  tov/n 
of  Scarsdale  (or  Pox  Meado-.vs)  uko  advocated  the 
cause  of  iheir  CTintry  against  oppression.  Craw- 
;  ford  v,as  killed  in  the  early  part  of  die  war.  Va- 
rian  was  vv'ovmded  and  retired  to  Danbary  in  Con- 
necticut;  after  t!ie  peace  he  returned  to  his  farm 
and  died  a  few  years  ago  at  an  advanced  age. — 
.Mr.  Tompkins  was  a  member  of  the  state  conventioa 
v/hich  adopted  the  declaration  of  independence, 
and  the  constitution  of  the  state.  Immediately  af- 
ter the  convention,  iie  was  ajipoiuted  Judg«  ofthj^ 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  West  Chester  county. 


a  memuer 


of  the  legislature 


period  of  the  revolution,  and  for  sever"' 


the 

years 


and  v/as  named  upon   aimostS 


He  was 
whol 

after  its  termination 

all  the  import;int  conunittees  daring  that  time.— 
On  the  institution  of  the  University  of  the  state- 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Regeirs,  and  continued 
to  ]>old  that  siluatiou  until  liis  resignation  of  it  ia 
18'j8.  He  w.TS  sppointed  the  first  judge  of  the 
county,  which  hono-ral)le  st.ation  ho  held  tmlil  he 
arrived  at  the  age  of  constituiion;.!  exclusion,  lii 
1801  he  v/as  chosen  a  member  of  the  state  conven- 
tion, after  wliich  he  chose  to  retire  from  p-ablii% 
life,  and  has  since  devoted  lumself  exclusively  to 
clnmesuc  concerns,  and  to  tlie  superintendance  of 
his  farm.  Altliougli  no-.von  the  eve  of  four-score 
years,  he  continues  to  e-.iioy  the  wn-it  perfect  health, 
and  the  possession  of  all  his  faculties  in  unimpaired 
vigour — tlie  consequeKce  of  an  industrious,  temnei 
rate  and  well  spent  lifb 

DvxiEt,  D.  T(»MPKi'-s,  tlje  subject  of  tli is  memoir. 
Is  tlie  seventh  son  of  tlie  venerable  patriot  Jonathan 
G.  and  was  born  on  the  21st  June,  1774,  at  Scarsdala 
(Fox  meadows)  in  ^Vcstc^.ester  county.  In  early' 
youti)  his  constitution  was  extremely  delicate,  t(> 
which  circum.stance  he  is  indebted  for  the  classical 
education  whi..-h  liis  father  determined  to  besto\tc 
upon  iiim.  To  this  end,  he  v/as  placed,  in  Septem? 
bcr  1787  at  the  grammar  school  of  Malcom  Camp« 
bell  in  New  Vwrk,  frwn  wheji^je,    als  *o  ewi  wf  a 


2.^(5   N^LES'  Vvm:ekly  registfu— Saturday,  DrcEMBEii  9,  i8i5 


vc;u-J  0  iTss  rcir.ovfd  to  the  acaclcmy  ;d  TCurVh  exclusive  Tioiniin.'ion  In  office:  he  mt.s  the  only  re- 
'i:k<Hsi''s  m  hi«  nMliVLvco'.inty,  tlicn  under  the  supi-nii-i publican  nuinbtr  ut  r.r!<tv,ho  ueclartd  and  voted 
tcadtncc:  01  t):e  Htv'd  Auizilxwis.       Here  he  con-jai;;,;;-:;,!  U. 

'tintedua'.il  Msy  17?'A  when  he  wiis  entered  of  the  The  fedcndists  were  hv.t  feebly  represented  in 
Ro';ncr.iorc  clasb  ill  Cohuuliia  colleire.  Ai  his  fiistjthis  cc/.sveiition  ;  hh;'  it  v.  wr  in  t'.u;  pov  er  cftlie  ma- 
ex3i'sii!;ition,  he  discovered  such  uncommon  inuhci-jiorivy  ic  h-^ie  reduced  v'k  nuij  tor  of  the  senae  hy 
eiic.',  t!i:tt  he  wsiS  p!s.Ci.d  Lit  thehtad  of  cvv  of 'i.:.ci\;-c.,tir.jr  the  sei.ts  of  eif^ht  ./^«'i.'?y*.'  hcnatori.'.  The 
mtyi' vt?T;ectable    chis.ses    tint  ever    graduiiled  alljibcrtiliir  of  Mr.  l^.-nipkirsi  ^.oidd  not   brook  the. 


I. IP'  C'jiieg-i.-.'^ 

l."i!r;njTi]ie  '.viiole  period  of  liis  coVi?pi.ite  covu'se, 
hiscoi;duct  was  liijphly  escrnph-rv  and  jcLorableto 
jrlnrserr,  ;:nd  ibr  li.e  -a.st  ye^r !'.(  iii'pc.'.ed  uj.ion  hin.- 
selPiidoul'  e  share  cf  labour  and  sUidy,  liaving-  en- 
tercel  the  oli^ceof  Pttcr  Jay  Mnnroc,  Ksq.    as  sui- 


|ide;'  '.t  turning  oi)t  his  poliueai  orronert;;,  ey.ee]^ 
li^  fv.ir  electirju  combat.  lie  Th.erefnre  pbr.neu  and 
sul'nsittfcd  to  chief  justice  Tbonii-soii,  then  also  a 
nreniber  of  tlic  convenrioij,  a  project  for  vscrting 
tv  hailot  the  sent  of  eijrh^  scni-.tors  from  such  classes , 
as  thj-t  t):c  inevittd-ie" result  v  cukl  be  ;he  ^i-Coiion 
dc:\,t  Oi"]*:\v.  -t.Qmpclied  as  he  was  to  perform  thejaf  the  ueatrf  of  /  jjr/frfrTfl.'  :.ncl  iour  vcpubhe^.n  ;r-r.a- 
arduouft  dntJCK  of  cievh  in  in  officw  oF  "so  inurh  bu-lters.  Chief  justice  Thompso;.  reduced  the  proposed 
tiiiu-s;*,  it  required  .  •!  Iii^s  i>idi:.-jtry  :(.r.d  all  the  ex-jplan  to  resolutions,  wliich  v.' .a- e  the  next  d^y  miro- 
crtion  of  his  vipjc-rous,  inteiitct,  to  preser%'e  at  theidueed  iuid  i^J.opted  by  the  comnsittee.  Thih  liberuU- 
sair.e-tir.ie  the  pvc-er.'.ir.c.ntstu-.d  ivhich  his  ci.i-si-jty  vr:).s  iML'-nly  .:pp; eciate;!  at  the  time  by  the  ftde- 
ciii  ai'.ti.vDic'ntshud  gained  for  him  in  the  college.  |i-.:d  members  of  tiie  convention. 
This  he  i-cconipliihed,  however,  witii  undii.iiiiiahedj     j^^  .^^r^^  ]ic  wna  elected  a  mer.,bcr  of  tlie  state 


tne  honor  waa  in  no  small  degree  enhanced  by  thel^,^,^v^„j^j^  j^^;^-,^- 1^^^^.^^^  the  friends  of  C'inton  ;oid 
consider:.' ioD  of  the  many  excellent  scholars  of'j.'.;,i.j.^^' t;-;,,;^,^  the  election  of  chief  iustice  I-cwis  to 
v.h.ch  hiS  eU*3  was  compOKed..  |^|..g  a^ibe'ii-ioiui  chr.h,  -Mr.  Tompki'.s  was  un.ni- 

Atthe  Aug-ustterni  in  l/9r,  Mr.  Tomphn-.s  wasl  .^^^'^j,,  .p.-,(,i„ted  to  succeed  him  as  pidge  of  the 
a-mitt.dan  .itrjrney  oRhe  Supreme  courv,  and  a.^- 1  ^^^^i.-'^j.  ^^.^j.^  ^^p  New -York.  This  ".-.ppoimment 
tcr  the  usu:d  period,  a  counsellor.  A.s  a  pi''''CtiU-.  ,.;.p;^^j  ^j,^  decided  approbation  of  all  the  j^'enUc- 
ontr  at  the  bar,  few  young  rucn  ro^iked  h)f;-ne.,  or  .^^^^^  ^^e  t],e  bar^  of  botii  polilic^^l  parties,  ;md  par- 
received  a  more  liberal  share  of  busmess.  '1'^=^ U„^.j„^,j^.  ^^^  ^,,p  j^,^  p^,  (,j,j,j  p;^^-,:ilo„  In  iaj4  he 
taicnto,  ability,  and  stern  intejrrity  wl-.ich  he  dis  L^, selected  to  repre.sent  the  citv  of  New-Yo-.k  in 
pl,..yed  on  all  occasions  soon'  m?de  hmi  a  t.;vori1.e|^,,^  ^^^    ^.^^.^  of  the  Lnhed  Stj.tes,  as  a  colleague  of 


^.ss  since  leceived 
^'1    be 


Wiih  the  pevpU,  noiu  whom  he 
the  higncsv'pohlical  honors  whicli  tliey  could 
stow  upon  uiin.  Born  in  the  times  oipcr.«ccntion 
and  o].>prc3i:ion,  nursed  in  tiie  lap  of  rcvolulionary 
v,'L;r,-anci  inbibhipfrom  his  c.irlicir  infancy,  a  spu'it 
of  i-u'lepeiulence  from  the  exan.ple  o:  i  is  patriotic 
fidjier,  young-  Tom]>kinr,  could  not  be  oJierv.'ist 
than  a  rcpubiicsin.  In  Mi&  pivti;  strug-o-les  of  1799, 
ILCd,  ^nd  18U1,  he  bore  a  prominent  and  conspicu- 
ous part;  and  to  his  individutd  exertions  in  tlie  lat- 
ter years,  may,  in  a  g-re  a  ineafAUc  be  f.ttribnted 
thcsucccss  ottiie  republicans  in.  the  election  of  die 
iti'.stiii-us  Jeii'erson  to  the  pve^j'dei.cy.  In  the  7tb 
w:ud  of  the  citv  of  New  >'ork  in  whicli  he  hud 
m.uried  tr.edi-.\!ghter  of  Alderman  IVlenlhorne,  ;irju 
where  he  resiti»d,  he  was  persoii;.lly  knovvii  to  ai- 
mo.;;  every  ciLizen.  The  confidence  which  the^ 
reposed  in  hiinrudence,  tulen^y  and  hiteg-.lty  w^s 
uiihuin.ded.  'I'Ins  v,-.ird  which  had  beti.  feden.i 
gave  an  unexpecud  majoiily  to  the  nYnhLcait  ui- 
tere.it  wiuch  dcei  led  the  eiection  of  tlie  city,  the 
state,  and  ;;ltimately  of  tlie  union. 

In  1801  -Mr.  Tompkins  was  eX-cted  a  rejnesenta- 
tive  of  the  c.iiv,  in  tile  convention  th.en   culled    for 
tlic  purpose  ofi'evishig-  the  consat'itjon  ofiiie  s'ate. 
In  the  debate  on  LI  1  at  constraca^m 
ti >.'i<;!.   Hercived  t;ie  ('overnur 


igri 
tl:e  lea;'i;cd  Dr.  >5itci:eil.  in  1BU6,  upon  th<-  ucKtli 
of  .Joiin  S.  H(;bart,  district  jutljje  «>'  the  I'-dled  • 
^Jtates  for  the  dis  i-ict  of  New  York,  the  appoinlii  tnt 
WAS  conferred  tipon  jvidi-e  Tompkins,  wit't'v..t  hia 
soliciiavion  or  knowledge  ;  b'j^  he  dcclhied  accept- 
iui.;-  it,  and  continued  to  disch!.r^e  ti^e  d'.ties  of 
chief  r>istice  of  the  state  tihtil  the  :p-in!_c  of  1807, 
wuen  hi:;  fellow  citizens  turned  their  eyes  tpon 
him,  then  only  32  vcars  of  age,  as  tl>e  rival  cundi- 
.i.,ie  of  Lewis"  for  tlu:  chief  i.if.gisM-acy  of  the  sta.e. 
The  iumense  majority  b%  which  he  \vas  elected, 
w:is  at  once  the  best  evidence  of  'ti*  correctness  of 
his  jmUcial  co;.  luct,  and  the  most  satisfactory  p.  oof 
of  the  undimini.she.'  coididence  of  tlie  piibUc.  The 
accuracy  of  his  decision.?,  aiul  the  eloquence  of  his 
charges' and  addresses  us  chief  jusiict,  have  receiv- 
ed  the  imited  appiob.uien  of  ills  bretlu-eu  of  the 
bar,  antl  of  the  conununlty. 

Upon  v'le  day  of  his  "induction  hito  tlie  office 
of  governor,  the  intellij,'ence  was  re  ceived  of  die 
base  and  waiuon  atiack  of  tlie  British  upon  the 
nig-ate  (Jiiesapcake,  in -the  waters  of  the  United, 
Si.aes;  and  wi^h  it  the  orders  of  the  prcident, 
calling  upon  ihe  governors  to  orp;anize  tlieir  re- 
spective quotas  of  mlii  la.     The  electric  spark  of 


*  .     t  i.i.-..s  >s  a.i  compvisei;  oi — 

The  Lae  Rcv'd.l^ir.  Joiin  B.  Lhm,ofriiiJadelp!)ia. 

Cihngham  Warm,  of  New  York. 

^iycers,  of  Schenectady. 

Tilt  Ke^■.  Dr.  Jolai  11.  Komeyn,  of  New  York. 

. — - —  James  Ing-lis,  oi'i'.aUimore. 

Fniiip  Dursei,  of  duratoa^a. 


"'.  *'|°  ^^"'^'^''-|pairiotlsm   flashed  through  the  soul  of  Ton;pkins, 
.1.    die  r.i;..t  ot!.^„^|  ■,,  .„,  i„stantthe  jjexeful  judge  was  tran.':tbrm- 


Tlie  Hon.  John  i-'crguKon,  lutC  M.yor  of  N.  Y'ork. 

Pierre  Van  VVyck,   (ale    Recorder. 

William  lioss.  Senator. 

SilvaivLis  Miller,  Esq.  ytuTogale  of  New 


lo  ;c. 


ed  i.uo  tne  armed  soldier,  Tlie  .v^juiant  gencr.al 
of  tne  state  w.iS  sick,  and  un.ibie  to  aitend  to  hia 
du  ies;  but  tills  did  not  delay  'he  execution  of  the 
president's  orilers.  In  a  few  weeks  gover:-(jr  I'omp- 
khis'  quota  was  oiganized,  and  disciplined  in  am  sin- 
ner which  evinced  the  moat  consummate  miutfjy 
knowledire. 

In  t)u'"ye.a-  1808  tiie  command  of  .ill  the  re^dar 
and  mhiua  force,  on  the  iiontier.,  of  New-Y'oik,  \ras 
given  by  the  president  to  g.-jveri'.or  TompUjn  •,  vitll 
a  view 'to  ineir  being-  employed  i'l  aid  of  tiie  reve- 
nue and  civil  oiricers  ;  but  ito  specific   instructions 


NlLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— I^ICMOIR  OP  GOV.  TOMPKINS.      2i7 


cluiracter  whicli  had  marked  every  action  of  his  of  course  the  principul  mi!it:.rv<')fMcera  of  ti-.e. state 
iHcful  \uc,  took  upon  hinnieif  tlie  respousihllity  of]  were  violent  in  Jieii-  opposilioii  to  the  nKtio'i;.d  ad 
issuin;;-  the  neces.siiry  orders,  the  result  of  wliich  1  miiustration,  md  to  the  proseru'.ion  of  the  ws 


proved  tliat  the  president's  reliance  upon  him  was 
not  niispLiced.  Hi'?  instructions  lo  the  nulitary  on 
this  occasion  received  also  the  marked  approbrttion 
of  general  Wilkinson,  then  comuiandor  in  chief  of 
the  army. 

In  1S12  he  fjave  a  proof  of  eiiergy  and  uprig-ht 
independence  of  principle  which  excited  the  asto- 
nisliment  and  admiration  of  the  v.iiolo  Ur.ited  States. 
It  will  be  recollected  that  tlie  legislature  of  Ke\r- 
Yoi'khad  lent  a  favorable  ear  to  the  petitions  of  vn^ 
rlous  br.nking-  companies  for  incorporation  ;  and  a 
system  h;id  Ijeen  projected,  and  fobicred  by  bribci'y 
and  corruption,  M-hicli  threatened  irreparable  evils 
totl>e  Cv)inmanit\'.  In  his  coniiinuiicaiion  to  toe  IcLris- 

o 

laiure,  in  Febniary  of  this  year,  the  governor  dwelt 
upon  this  si'.bject  with  peculiar  fcrcc,  and  claady 
and  ably  pointed  out  the  inexpediency  and  danger 
of  niuitipiying'  tiie  banking  institutions  ;  but  axizh 
had  been  the  gigantic  strides  ©f  corruption  tlkattiie 
pernicious  law- wo.ild  liave  liueer-  en.icted,  iiad  not 
the  governor  exerted  his  coisdtuuonal  privilege  of 
promguiii^  t!ie  iegiolauuv.  This  was  the  first  time 
tiiat  such  a  me.'ssure  had  been  resorted  to,  under 
the  present  fjrm  of  goveriuTient ;  and,  as  mlglit 
have  been  expected,  it  excited  unusual  vv.u-mih  of 
aniiri:idvorsion. 

Every  thing  conspired  to  render  the  succeeding 
gubernatorial  election  in  New-York  an  object  of  uni- 
versal interest  to  tlie  peo]5le  of  tlie  United  State.-:. 
War  liad  been  declared  agahist  Great  Britain.  A 
numerous  and  pj'.vcrful  party  of  disr.ii'ected  citizens 
hiv\  snewn  itself  in  lIlC  JjasLerrr  stales.  A  "nort'iicrn 
co;ifederacy"  had  been  formed,  wiui  a  vievv  to  pa- 
rulize  the  energies  and  cripple  tlie  re.soiu'ces  of  the 
United  States  ;  and  rt  became  the  avowed  object  of 
many  persons  of  high  considei-^tion  in  that  secti,j?i 
of  tiiC  union  to  make  a  sefarme  >?ac<?  with  ttie  ene- 


riic  local  situation  of  I'\e'A--Y:)rk  exj)ose.d  it  in  a 
peculiar  mauiu?  to  hostile  attack;  ihe  citizens  were 
disaffected  in  the  east — the  enemy  hamssel  'the 
northern  frontier  from  Champlain  to  PresquMsle, 
and  tlireatened  oi*  capital  of  liie  sta'e  in  the  'ioutU* 
Un.tided  by  the  const  itu^ed  iuithoniies  ;.pp>)inted  ta 
sh.ire  with  him  in  tlie  government  of  tlie  slate,  tlie 
governor  had  alone  to  sustain  the  arduou.?,  embar^ 
rassing  and  responsible  duty  of  defence.  Tisis  wa.^ 
a  situation,  well  calculated  to  dismay  th<!  stou'est 
heart.  But  Tompkins  rose  superi'>r  to  cir'^um- 
star.ces — und;iuntcd  ;tnd  nndismsyed,  he  le:i7ied  un-, 
oit  his  own  stretigth;  and  by  t!ie  firm,  uiis^uikon 
energy  of  his  conduct,  asto.nsiied  .md  coafijun.lcd' 
the  rebellious  spirits  of  the  east,  and  silertceclj  os 
rentlered  ijieifectual  the  opposition  of  .his  owi)  state. 

In  the  wi.itcr  of  1S13 — il-,  having  reconrucndcd 
to  itie  legislature  to  raise  volunteer  r^'gimenfs  for 
the  dcfer.'-e  of  tlie  frontier,  and  to  ori^;ip.i?:e  ;i  militia 
force  for  the  protection  of  the  city  of  .Vcr  Vork,v.-itli- 
out  effect;  he  was  c/mjieiicd  again  to  cuU  iJito  action, 
the  lesom-cc^  of  iiia  c  .^n  vigo;-ous  mind;  and,  3CC':)Vk-- 
ingly,  upon  his  own  re:;paiisil;iHty,  v/hile  tlie  legishi- 
ture  was  still  in  st:':sio.i,i'sr.ied  ordtrs  Co:-  org.mi/Jrig 
i\.brigaiL'  of-ojbuiiec.-s,  to  tj^e  coinmrind  of  vviiich  he 
appointed  geiicral  Piimi  T.  PoiiTi;Ti.  In  deOnncs 
Of  ail  opporsition,  and  wjtii'  oflicers  commis.sioned 
only  by  the  brevet  a.  sigmpentii  of  tlie  g.;i  v. ri>a  or,  tiii^ 
uoIdIc  band  of  patriots  .vere  soon  r«a:lv  ,'i>f  tlie 
held.  'I'lie  grdl.ir.t  coP'luct  of  Poi-'er'a  hr-i^wk  iii 
every  action  of  tlie  y^.'■.g.^ra.  canij)aign,  acd'  liheir 
example  to  the  miiitia  at  the  itiei.ror-ble  sortie 
from  Fort  Erie,  vfeich  I^.ove  cro'vned  tliein  with  im- 
perlsjiable  laurels,  i -;  i^lone  sufficient  to  prove  the 
wisdom  aitd  jsrudencr  of  the  governor  in  'rj;eir  or- 
ganization aiid  appointment— a  measure  winch  wa.s 
iFiost   prol>ably,   ur.dcr    Providence,  the  inowts   of 


my  of  the  republic.     But  to  m-ike  this  n.OTribIe  pro- 1  ssvnig  the    rcnmant  of   the   gallant  army  of  Xi.^- 
jcct  effectual,  it  was  nece^isalw  to  gain  J\''eiV-Tm-k ;\'£:a'K. 


mid  upon  that  state,  fit^t  in  popa.iati<..n  and  weft,lth, 
rested  the  hopes  and  tlie  fears  of  all,  as  tjie}-  de- 
sired Lo  preserve  or  to  destroy  the  coitetiLUtion.  The 
baidand  unprecedented  stand  n^hiciigov.   Tompkins 


In  the  eventful  c.imj'j.'iign  of  1814  T.e  find  ti-.e 
talents  and  energy- of  the  governor  again  cdied  in- 
to jvction.  Not  only  was  the  Niag.ii'a  frontier  in 
il'.mger,  butapprihenslons  wcreexcued  P>r  the  ute 


had  taken  in  the  proTfxgat Ion  of  the  icgisIutTire,  hadjof  Sickeit's  liarlwr,  iMittsbiu-g  and  IVew  York 

raised  up  an  liost  of  w^emies  among   the  bnnhuuf 

i.itersst ;  and  disairection  had  reared  its  gorgonhe«d 

€ven   in  the  raiiks  of  rejntbliccms ,-    many   ot  whom 

united  with  tn^  ir  pouticJ  oppi>nents  in  dcnonnci'ig 

him  as  a  tyrant  and  despot      A  nwjoricy  o'i  fr-ikral 

members  had  been  elected  to  the  state  legislature, 

and  to  congTess  ;    the  dis-astrous  issue  of  our  iiist 

cantpaign  had  spread  dismay  among  fh<2  fnends  of 

the  general  governnscnf;    .-.nd  the  "most  induenLiiU 

and  popular  leader  of  the  opposite  party  was  set  up 

as  the   riva.1  candidate.     In  tnis  perilous  crisis  the 

hopes  of  the  union  rested  upon  Tompkins  ;    for,  in 

his  re-eiectioii  was  involved,  in  a  great  degree,  the 

capacity  of  the   government   to  prosecute   t.li,c  w^u- 

wltii  eflect.     Thosfe  anxious  hopes  were  not  dlaup- 

pointed.     Firm  as  the  rocky  motmtains  of  hJs  nath  e 

stiitc,  tlie  rude  slorm  of  opposuion  howled  again-jt 


him  in  vahi — tiie  sh.ifLS  of  uiaievoleuce  ainicJ  a 
character,  but  served  to   mark  Ivim   as  the  people's 
shiful—ihcii  knew  him — iLcij  loved  him — th'^-j  trusted 


liim  again,  and  saved  the  union. 
Tnat  this  htst  assertion  in;;'*,  not 


be  received  with 


Kquftl  to  every  emergency,  and  un..pj<atled  by  tiie 
disapprobation  or  censure  of  th.e  iegishiturc,  the 
g;)vernor  called  into  the  iicltl  a  Lu-gc  body  of  mili- 
tia and  organized  a  corps  of  sea  fericl Ides  widiout 
waiting  the  slov.'  sanetion  of  an  unwii-irig  leg-isla- 
ture,  and  by  every  <jtlier  me.ms  of  prudent  pre- 
caution, placed  the  exposed  and  va!uai>ie  harbor  of 
N'ev."  York  in  a  slate  of  ilefence.  In  this  important 
measure,  he  received  the  cordial  suiijjort  .ttid  co- 
operation of  the  spilhuit  Decatur,  who  coinmaniicdL 
the  na\'ai  fjrce  of  tlie  United  .Suites  on  that  station. 
About  ti.is  time  intelligence  was  i-cccived  or' 
the  strange,  unexpected,  und  ■isgr.-'ceful  capture 
of  Wushingion;  and  c/f  tlie  intended  niovemeitt 
of  the  ep.e;ny  tov.'ards  i/a/Mmor;-.  The  feeliiigs  ex- 
cited ou  tids  occasion,  may  be  easily  im.igined.- 
tieci:ti;r — iii  ill c  splendor  of  M'hose  nrjne  all  I'/jii'/iers 
are  lost — ./hrotiir  resolved  at  once  to  push  for- 
ward with  his  sailors  ahd  iT'.e.rines  to  the  assistance 
of  l->5.itimi>rei  and  invited  general  Lewis,  who  tlicii 
connnanded  tlie  regular?!  st  New  York,  to  include 
in  the  expedition  500  of  his  inf.»ii(ry„    These  otM- 


incredulity,  it  will  oniy  be  necessary  to  take  a  view  |  cei"s  waited  upon  g.-vernor  Tompki.is  to  ask  hi.i  ap 
ef  th.e  gcojjraphical  situation  of  Xcw-Ycrk  .-  uva!  to' probation  of  tne  piau:     it  wrfs  ohtained  jTOtttnr.iv- 


243    I^flL^S'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SA'TURDAY,  DECEMBER  9,  1815. 

but  tlie  rr'overnor  thought  it  not  irnovigh  to  grunt  aiHiics  liave  been  erected  and  endo^^■ed,    than  in  any 
cold  assent  to  the  nie:i8tn-e;  he  offered  to  acco.');/^aMi/ 1  foimer  period  of  tlie  same  extent  of  time,  in  tlie 


y 


liistory  of  the  state.  The  facilities  of  intercourse 
tl:.roug-ljout  the  state,  by  land  and  water,  liave  bcenf 
.:^eath'  er.cour.ig-ed  and  advanced;  and  ti'e  repi'la-' 


them  /liiiiseif  as  far  as  New  Bruns'.viclc,  that  his  cx- 
anipk-  ni:!,fnt  add  spirit  to  the  entcrprize.  General 
Lev/is  aficrwards  withdrew  his  co-operation  at  tlie 
soiicitaliop.  of  the  corpor&iion;  but  the  governor 
coininned  firm:  and  but  for  the  glorious  news  of 
the  enemy's  retreat  finm  Baltimore,  wliich  arrived 
just  in  tiine  to  prevent  it,  Decatur,  witii  his  gallant 
associates,  would  liave  been  on  the  n;.a'ch  in  a  i'i^w 
h.ours. 

hi  October,  1814,  the  president  appointed  gover- 
ftor  Tompkins  to  t!ie  connnand  of  tlie  5d  niiiitaiy 
district,  which  coniprelieiided  one  of  the  moyt  va- 
luable portions  of  tlie  t'nited  States,  and  ir.cludcd  tion  and  esteem  of  all  :iis  ne; 
the  hu'gest  and  most  heterogenous  miiitary  foice 
that  ever  before  fell  to  tlie  comniitnd  of  an  An.ci  i- 
can  gener.d.  Tl;e  compieie  org-iinization,  the  cor- 
rect discipline,  and  ihe  efficient  services  of  the 
troops  of  this  distiict,  afforded  the  best  evidence 
of  his  litncss  lor  that  !iigh  and  important  station; 
Wiiile  t!:e  cheerful  acq^iie.vcer.ce  in  his  orders,  the 
Warin  expressions  of  gratitude,  of  contidcnce,  and 


tion  of  New  York,  at  home  and  abroad,  has  never 
stood  upon  so  commanding  an  eminence,  as  under 
the  g-uardianship  of  goveinor  Toinpkli>s. 

At  the  close  of  the  late  war,  the  governor  pur- 
chased 8,  farm  in  Kiclmjoml  county,  commanding  an 
elegant  view  of  the  citj;  where  he  constantly  re- 
sides, when  not  called  av.'ay  by  the  duties  of  his 
public  station,  enjoyir.g  the  s^veetest  solace  of 
which  the  mind  of  man  is  subcep  ible — thcveuera- 


'6 


libors. 


British  Corn  Law. 

From  the  Boetnn  Ttaihj  Adverthev, 

Ifhe  following-  is  the  substance  of  tlie  corn  law 
which  has  rrcentiv  occasioned  such  a  ferment  in 


of  rnspcct  for  his  clua-acter,  v/hich  flowed  in  ad-  England.  It  has  already  gone  into  operation,  r,o- 
dresses  fiom  all  quarters,  on  tlie  di^bandraent  <^{\<C^z^:  h.'ving  been  |!,iven  U-.at  the  prices  are  beUAV 
these  troops,  must  have  brought  a  rtcoKijjense  to  jihe  limit  prescribed  for  prohibicing  importation  for 
his  mind  which  none  but  the  patriot  can  appreciate  hon;e  consumption. 

•^it  -.Viis  the  only  recompense  which  he  asked,  or       \'.  is  enacted  that  after  the  passing  of  the   com 

received  for  ailhis  arduoui'toiis.  'law,  corn,  meal  or  fiour,    the  produce  of  any  fo- 

Duiingthe  most  ernKdrassing  time  of  tlie  fall  of]  reign  country  which  may  now  be  imported,  shall 

this  year,  at  a  momcTit  when  tue  pervicacity  of  tlie   be  allov/ed  at  ail  times  to  be  brought  hito  tiie  unit- 

in  liisied  kingdom,    to  be  warehoused  there   under   the 


eastern  states,  was  thro  vlng  every  obsii»clc  in  ! 
way,  to  add  to  his  labors 'and  peip.exi'ies,  the  gene- 
ral government  were  desirous  of  fitting  out  .•<?i  ex- 
pedition to  dislodge  the  enem\'  from  Castbie.  They 
had  api^lied  to  tlie  gf)ve  cnor  of  Jlfuasac/msetts,  as  more 
immedicuely  conceriieu,  I'or  his  .id  m  n.ising  the  ne- 
cessary fuiids — this  aid  was  refused.  l.\  this  uilem- 
nia,  tiie  situation  of  the  general  government  uas 
liiutcd  to  governor  Tomiihlus.  A  Lint  to  Idm  Wiis 
enous:h.     Nobly  forg'etting  the  perverse  opjjosition 


existing  regulations,  without  jjaying  any  duty 
whatever;  and  the  sam.e  m.ay  at  any  time  be  takeu 
out  of  the  warehouses  and  exported  without  pay- 
ing  any  duty,  \inder  the  regidations  already  in  force. 
And  the  same  m.iv  be  also  taken  out  of  the  ware- 
houses and  entered  for  home  consumption,  when- 
ever the  like  articles  shall  be  admissible  into  the 
kingdom  for  home  consumption. 

Whenever   the  average  prices   of  British    corn^ 


of  -Massachusetts  to  all  Lisov.n  i.ajcrs,  and  regard- |mftde  up  and  published  in  the  manner  already  re- 
ing  i.er  only  as  a  sister  of  the  union,  for '.\  hose  safe- j  quired  by  law,  shall  be  ?it  or  above  the  followhig 
ty  ;//?  7£'//fj/'e  were  interested,  he  niagnaiiimoiisly  I  rates,  v'z- wheat  at  or  aliove  80s.  quarter — ne,  peas 
came  for'.v.a-d  witli  his  indi\idnal  credit,  arid  upon  land  beans,  o3s — barley  beer  or  bigg,  403— and  oats. 
Ills  own  responsibility,  raised  the  sum  of  three /nrn-\27F.;  foreign  com  meal  and  flour  shall  be  permitted 
djcd  i/iovsiuul  di/dars,  which  he  forthwith  subjticted  to  be  imported  for  hom.e  consumptio'n,  free  of  duty, 
to  the  orders  of  general  Dearborn,  then  comuiund- 
i:i;V  ill  M.'ssachnsctts.  Comment  upon  such  an  in- 
si:..nce  of  noble  generoaiiy  and  disiuttresteil  parvi- 
o'.ism,  would  only  suliy  its  lustre,  lie  v/ill  iind  his 
re»vard  in  Uie  love  of  a  grateful  pe'.-ple. 

It  only  remains  to  speak  of  Mr.  'i'G>n;;]:ir.s  in  his 
less  cojispieuous,  thougli  not  less  useful  characier, 
of  governor  of  New  York.  When  lie  esitei  ed  up- 
on tiie  duties  of  that  office,  there  was  but  one  arse- 
nrj,  and  not  a  single  n.agazhie  iu  ti;e  state.  TJiert 
jire  now  eleven  of  the  formei-,  and  three  of  the  lai- 
terj  jibuiidantiy  sujiplied.  The  arsenal  at  New- 
Vovk,  in  iis  arrangements  and  cqui;nnents,  is,  ]jer- 
.ha,;»,  equ.^l  to  any  thing  of  its  kind  in  tl;c  world; 
and  1  i  uu  olrject  oruni\  ers.d  admiration  to  those  who 
VLsit  tJiai  cny.     Tne  arms  belonging  lo  the  state  e.x- 


But  v,'hen  the  aver;»ge  prices  of  British  corn  shall 
be  below  the  above  r.*tes,  foreign  co.'-n  shall  neither 
be  imported  for  home  consumption,  nor  taken  out 
of  the  warehouses  for  tliat  purpo.';e — Tlie  average 
prices  are  to  be  fixed  quarterly,  on  the  15th  of  Feb. 
.\lay,  August,  and  November.  But  if  within  six 
weeks  afier  permitting  importation  for  home  con- 
sumption on  any  quarterday,  the  average  prices 
shidi  be  beiow  the  above  mentioned  rates,  notice 
is  to  be  given  and  importation  prohibited  from  all 
port*  between  the  river  Byder  and  Bidaston,  until 
a  new  average  shall   be  made. 

I'Yom  the  British  colonies  in  North  America,  im- 
portations may  be  made  for  home  consumption,  free 
of  duiy,  whenever  the  price  of  wheat  he  at,  or 
above  67.?  tlie  quai'tcr;  rye,  peas  and  beans  44s;  bar- 


ddliiud  a  strange  medley  of  various  manufactures,  ley,  beer  and  bigg  S3s.     Corn,  meal  or  flour,  from 
calibres  and  Ung-ths,  winch  rendered  them  not  on-,  the  colonies,  whenever  not  admissible  for  home  con- 


ly  inelegant 


ni  appearance,  but  nearly  useless  injsumption,  may  be  warehoused  free  of  duty,  and  tak- 
scrvice.  New  Yvnk  now  possesses  the  best  codec-!  en  out  of  wareiiouse  for  expoi-tation,  or  fi.r  home 
tiOfi  of  muskets  m    ti  e^Unilcd  States — of  luiiform  ;  consumption,  when  the  averi-.gc  prices  will  permli,  iu 


Tnanufici.u-e,  and  of  a  model  wiiicii  has  been  since 
yery  generally  ado]>ted. 

The  iiiteresis  of  literature  have  also  received  the 
fostering  attention  of  the  governor;  and,  iio'wiili- 
St.'i^R'in;^    liie  ni.iny  u'-ipropiiiui's   circunistiu.ccs  of 


tlie  same  manner  as  die  same  articles  from  fiireign 
countries. 

Noiice  was  given.  May  15,  that  the  ports  would 
besiuitin  a  ft  w  days  against  tlie  importation  of  fo- 
reign g.idn  fo;-  home  consainptio;!,  and  woidd  con^ 


tlic  times,  a  greu^ei*  number  of  colleges  and  acude- '  tiiuio  saat  until  tiie  15tli  of  August. 


NILES'  WEEKLY    REGISTER— PENNSYLVANIA  STATISTICS.      £49 


Pciiiisvlvania  Statistics. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  Democratic  Pre.tri  ."or  .lie  ibiiowin ,-  •  able  ;  but  have  left  out  several  columns  given 
ill  thur  paper,  believing  every  .iseau  purpose  inig'hc  be  gained  by  briefly  noticing-  tliem  at  the  botiom  : 

^Usfract  of  lands,  lots,  (hi'slliiig  houses  and  slaves,  o-tvnedor  possessed  un  the  1st  day  of  .Ipril,  1B15,  -within  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania,  returned  by  ths  Uiiitcl    St'-itss"  assessors,  revised  and  corrected  by  th:  board  f 

Principal  As':essors. 


NO  60 


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^i-  B.— riiH  lots  i;i   I?  m!:?,  Dauphiu,  Wfstmo.L'lsn'I,  I,iili:r»»  nm',  AiirtliM"il>"iUrc.l  cnii.uios.  contain  eaeli  nhnut  1-4  acre.    The  lots  in 
Alli-2;(ifii\'  ir-  e:.^i><-!-v<lly  lin  ny  1 10.    Vhi'  Inti  i:i  32  distiicr^  :ii:>y  b-   co-n|iiiuiI  3  to  I'le  RCV.    Tli^  lots  ill  U  il'stricti  ciilUaiil  I-l  acre  ( ;it'l. 

AiUjtioual  Nulfs—  riie  cnla.tins  oiilttH.  Mlliif!"'!  t')  r(l)3v.=,  ure — 1.  A  vtnvii  for  9  cnunti"?  only,  of  tile  "iar.Is  and  li;iilili!;as  iU)t 
enlijectto  1 1\"— viz.  !;,5"S  acr.-s  ant^  •  nercli^s,  anil  2,'i  1 4,242  square  fctt  of  lantl—tln' latter  in  Pnilj-I  'Ipiiin  fity  an-'comty;  a'lH  fir  the, 
savne  countit-s  4IS  chuixhes,  niettincr  and  s  lojUmiisf"!.  i.  The  r"'inn  ')f  ih.vp's,  in  al!  IfiO— viz.  Ifi  nnd.'i-  12— 9J  betw— n  12  a:id  jO- 
and  52  upw-irds  of  '0  years  old,  with  th(?ir  valu:*,  1 3.330  dolls.  3.  Tlip  vclira'ion  of  tli  •  srV'^val  districts  as  fixed  i)y  the  principal  atses 
JWJ  thereof,  viz.  30i,Biij,637  dolls,  ii  1-3  cents— to  ^hich  tUe  board  of  principal  asswsovs  adrt«^  so  a^  to  gj.Vy  ^«  rwult  »tatei 


<250    NILES'  \rEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBEa  9,  1315. 


North-Carol,  na 

.In  ahstrtict  r-iev;  vf  the  value  of  lands  (.j.:',  '■■liivn  in  J\'or;h 


L^tati.^tics. 

C(.!,roUaa,  us  nssen^id  fi-i' 


li-'^ci  fax  0^1315. 


<-CiirriUick 
V      C-radcn 
•j;      Pasquotank 
^  y  Perquimons 
Kl  ^  Gi-tes 
^      Cl-.owjui 
I  Hertford  - 

Bertie 

Mai'i'u\ 

Nonhrjiipton 

Haiifftx 

■Washington 

Hyde    - 
Pitt 

Edg'ecomb     - 
«'^      Peaufbi-t 
'Green 
Craven 
Carteret 
Jones 
Lenoir 
Johnsion 

.   rVVarren 
-^   I  Prrjikiin 

f^  <  Nariu     - 
"S   I  rJi-ain-iile 

New-Hanover 

Duplin 
^  J  Sc^nip.son 
""      Brunswick    - 

Bladen 

Columbus 
^   rCurnberland 
.^    I  liobeson 
■fe  J  -Montg-omery 
f§  ^  Hichmontl     - 
^   j  Alison 
l_i\[oore 

^^'akc 

Oi-ange 

Person 
piockinginim 
^1  Caswrll    - 
^  ^  Cuiifoi-d        - 
^   l^Stokes 
(^  r  Rowan 
•^  <  IJaiidolnh 
•S  CClKithaiii 
*^  f  Lincoln    - 
■?;  s  Mecklenburg- 
'T-(  C  Cab  arms 
_«   riJur.combe    .- 
.'R  J  H:i3v.-ood 
■S  ^  IJurke  . 

^    LKiitherfbrd 
.  «   rSurry 
f^  J  Wilkes      . 
-t^   ]  Iredell 


5 


•^ 


•  Hf. 
54^,473 
412,61b 
496,54'^ 
563,'J2i 
544,444 

0-i-J,j6u 

830,081 

1,J50,096 

^'87,503 

1,528,852 

.',061,54  . 

437,512 

332,014 

813,287 

1,926,572 
8lu,81f 
549,244 

1,787,9 
385,131 
711,02 
724,993 
846,865 

l,l'i'i,626 

1.;  45,425 
916,713 
7'J3.  -Jo4 

1,161.446 
6J5,153 

1,293,39/ 
729,-;97 
769,3ui 
516,l>3y 
554,276 
167,964 

1 ,293,80o 
•"';4,103 
oi--',637 
463,992 
509,548 
359,029 

1,721,800 

1,917,993 
511,745 
729,472 
736,946 


■Cro 


'^g' 
Z'    -^ 


a  a 


f)o!l.i.      iJ-i'-\     ■    C 
348,858  2  6-t{l66  28 
31.^,721  3  55'200 
352,262^-  25]  179 


2  a  s- 


■  ^1? 


409,211 
574,944 


4  63 
3  '7 
G  66 


675,486:4  18 
l/^97,3r.?l3  8h 

5l0,35o 
1.131,848-' 


(.9 
96 

l,85s]563.^  '^'■^ 
292,171.2 

2 


1,186,254  397,20. 
899,659|  502,500 
2,176,72cl,  179,650 


921, 
489,  o';.'.: 
880,548 

1,435,450 
568,016 
478.4r(^ 
977,391 
265  2^.^ 
476,402 
566,328 
595,S6J 
602,23  i 

1,285,937 
979,9v;o 
766,692 

1,664,355 
556,185 

1,017,104 
799,37^ 
583,291 
468,947 
558,619 
214,048 
929,975 
400,665 
446,184 
382,U38 
57i;.]>7'0 
227,680 

l,5ul,536 

1,216,347 
661,892 
568,180 
945,755 


5! 
7ir 


3 
4  J4 

2  'W 

3  ?2 
81 

2  43 
53 
63 
79 

3  52 
J  60 
3  32 
2  15 
2  o-i 
2  62 


187 

163  4i/ 
198  56 
188  73 
202  4'j 
201 
202  4 
215 
200 

215  0? 
235  70 

216  2) 
229  63 

212  2? 
212 

202  56 
2u6  88 
193  I'o 
207  '±1 

213  05 
193  2L 

213 

222 
220 
240  37 


JJ.  C. 

3,258  76 
3,423  20 
3,894  44 
4,569  50 
5,261  12 
5,736  23 
7,0-76  17 
12,443  05 

5,160 

13,891  84 

18,4.M  50 

3,429  52 

2,603  66 

5,370  32 

10,717  25 

14,753  80 

6,480  75 

4,S5u  26 

12,997  2 

3,056  63 

5,580  89 

6,163  21 

6,781  30 

8,2  lu  22 

11,561  78 

8,914  10 

6,906  7i 

1,3,281  26 

5,435  2 


1  83 
1  71 
1  17 
1  26 
85 
1  71 
1  03 
1  24 
1  56 
1  4,0 

1  11 
.)  i.)5 
3  25 

2  21 


*■  ^\'p  ^artkidar  retnrn  tvas  7:.ade  ofthu  shive$ -Jn  these  co; 


891,207  254,550 

1,063,085  795,22^; 

1,285,193  696,960 

1,309,334  944,86; 

640,274  299,2K; 

669,069  228,276 

201,916      62,964 

840,481  422,389 

942,914  454,258 

841,226  335,243 

457,253  273,772  1  7? 

892,45>,  63S,4'n2 

2ii,32l'      46,1171 

Total) 
nuir^-i.—  iy-.c  tax  in  4:7  c\'?.  per  g  100, 


3  61  242  36  10,859  35 
7,182  41 
6,357  18 
4,63v;  14 
5,230  61 
1,795  45 

10,442  37 
4,252  36 
4,539  41 
3,971  65 
5,080  34 
2,757  55 

15,149  68 

14,731  40 
5,516  10 
6,098  96 
8,143  70 
7,442  25 
6,590  20 

15,774-  94. 
5,385  6 
8,734  4 
9,316  14 

10,594  74 
4,415  60 
4,217  52 
1,207  95 
5,935  49 
6,566  71 
5,529  40 
3,435  82 
r,195  33 
1,209  96 


05 


i   85 

:  18 

2  11 

3  03 
3  2v' 
1  41 


1  28 
1  3-1 
1  42 
1  Oo 


« 

219  5: 

244 

239  8u 

* 

J33 

247 

257 

246 

235 

235 

225 

236 

261 

241 

213 

251  87 

259  2X 

242  40 

233 

237 

235  30 

246 

233  63 

261  4; 

262  6( 
249  86 


i62  50 
242 
■253 
262 


KILES'  WP.EKLY  REGISTER-GEORGIA  STATISTICS. 


251 


New-Jersey  Statistics. 

riioH  TUE  wAsai.varoN  wain;. 
lAst  of  the  number  .</  ncrfs  of  land,  (boelling  houses 
aiidotit-h'jmai  in  the  respective  cowUien  in  the  state 
of  .YgT- Jersey,  a^  taken  by  the  cmesaors  tUis  yeor, 
wider  tite  act  of  coii'^-r-'ss  iMfin^  «  direct  tdr  in  t.'i: 
lliuted  States,  -wilh  the  valuations  of  tiie  slaves  iu 
the  ttate,  and  the  tutal  vaJuadons  jf/y-op^i-ty  iit/ijec; 
to  the  tar,  as  reported  bv  the  principal  us»-snors  oj 
each  d  strict  ;  and  the  vulaations  as  fiired  by  tlie 
board  of  prinoipal  assessort. 


Georgia  Statistics. 

Statement  of  the  xmbnitioiis  of  landt.  lots,  -x'.'.h  llwir 
i.T)provemcntg,  dToelling- -houses  and  slaves,  Tdtl.ia  i' c 
several  Cfvirties  of  tlic  stu'e  of  Gcsrcriu,  as  revis'-d 
and  settled  by  the  board  »f  principal  assessors,  ai.d 
the  awonrJ  of  the  quota  of  each,  at  the  rate  if  33 
cents  on  evcy  1J3  rl"'  a- 


vahic.tion. 


DIbTRlOTrf 

•AST) 

COrVTIES. 


Oj  to  7- 

— 4  — (  — < 

W  w^  ^^ 


f>,^\y^  v.\Ai  -s^./^  ^^^^  -.Jv^  "w*.^ 

o  •-  ^^  ri^-&fi  '^  ::  %  T^  ^  -f 

'"  ir  -  5'  ^  2  ^  2  E  2  I  i  C? 
3  2  =  -r:  2  ^  ;^  X  "  i  f?  >? 


•■>  o  -    .~  *=  =  5  ^-  :;  -^  -^  o  == 

o  o 

c  o 

iJ  -        ^  . 


f   — 


o 
o 


cn 

>■ 

■n 

•^ 

Pd 

M 

p-i 

0 

H 

C£ 

i  -  D  4^  1-'  tO 
CC  ^  "-<  Cl  •-'  —  w  CC  h-  !.-  S'-  "J  i~^ 
'  '    '       "  -JC    Ji    -O  «^   wl  O-  O  (3  K~ 


to  ■-»  C-J  0->  ^1  to 
W  C-t  O 


"  >  O  Ut  '^  "<  'O  :j^  -Jt  O'  O  00  >-'  O 

,J  ,  j  '-'   i.)  W  CV   ^J  >j2  :  0   C?l  ►-   "-C  03 

(o  J:  c>  ro  Co  4^  o  o  "-;  -^  -^  cs  gi 


•puo/  yb  »JJ3f^ 


c-'  t-i  to  C/0  lO  00 

cri  ij  J-'    -s  Ot  >—  cc 

Ji.  i--  ^.  ^  i«^  »o  o» 

h'-  )-•  (O  )?-  OJ  t--  W  0-.  s^r 

-<I  >-'  

— ,_  o  

h-i  l-»  Kj  ^  ^  Jjl  *^  Oil 
*-  "^  Ol  C<  .i^  ~^  -J  'O 
C  ^-.  •  -  O  CO  4^  O) 


03    10 
-St         O   O. 


■s,isuoi{ 
mi-p.np  fo  -ox 


03  Oj 
O  00 


s^sno>[-;nofi  m  v' 


»-V-»»J    j'C^  . 


'        00        o 


{O  03 

Ow         -J 

.n3  (O 


03 

On 

o 


to 

03 

o» 

03 


w  ^  ::  -'  -^  ■  J  a 


oil 

J  01  VO  'O  00 


fo  u-ji}9n.j»  I 


c,-,  ,j^  4:^  ui  '43  en  "s)  02  ^i  .:,  "-^  oi  35 

-1  4>-  a»  c^  —  -;  r"  ^  -^  x"^  tr  '^  ^ 
^,  -J  0.  -'J  -71    ■<  .i'  -1  -o  X  ^^  z:  'Jt 


'„  00  --i  ^  -(  "f- 

O";  03  Kj  tO  ^Jl  '^ 
O  J^  tn  WjOOj 


U  ,>  -s|  H.I  0»  'O  "  ( 

J.  'jO  \3  1^  ^  j^  Ot 


.{^  tji  ;<t  __'-'  w  j»  j-»  J—  ,7^ 

CO  %-■  Oj   O  j.  "S    r  O 


Ot  -s{  4^  4^  C:   iO  ^O  03  __ 

CO  ".pv  03  O  ""-O  '—'  's  Ol  01  ^  -^  '^X  Oj 

.:;  o  '^  ■  <  >— if-^B^io   :i  V,  uj  A~ 

en  O  ~D  H-  '^  ■-<  O  •»!  'O  Ort  03  rfi.  i3 


'S.10S 


o  JO  '^  *>■  'o  tr^  ,         , ,. 

-  n^  ,.')  03  *>.  Ul  C1  ,,    ■       ■     ^y 

p.noq  no  pjjci/  so 


P.  S. — It  may  be  proper  to  observe,  tiiat  tl\e  f  qua- 
ilz.iti-Mi  of  the  Viilu:di  JUS  on  tije  vospec-ive  districls 
was  not  agreed  to  by  iiU  tiie  jissessors.  The  princi- 
pal assessor  of  tiie  seco:id  xivX  .iiji^a  districts  com- 
plained of  tiie  dc-ciiiiOii,  and  reiAonstralf  d  agai.ist 
the  priiiGiple  011  wliicli  'he  dcc;:;ion  wus  m^^de — 'hat 
Wai,  Che  quota  of  tlie  dif-i'oreat  countie?,  as  faett'ed 
by  ilie  legisl-Lture,  as  bodi  ille^'al  and  improper.!  P'^'"-'^* 
And  it  is  probable,  as  the  subjec';  will  be  tiijroug-n- j''^'»P^f> 

ly  invesll  :,vted,  that  in  ca*e  of  un\  future  di.-ect  tai,]  

a   nioi-c   coirect  rule   of   eciualiiation  will  be   ob- 1      (Tj'Tbe  valviations  of  tuc  proper 

served. 


First  B.'strici. 
Chatliiun, 
Bryan, 
Libert  v, 
\I'lir:osh, 
Criyan, 
(jiunden, 
\V"a\iie, 
EiriMg-bain,    . 
nuiloch, 

LLmaniiel, 

Second  District. 
Scriven, 
Bailee, 
Ricl'.mond     . 
.Jt'irerson, 
'.Vasliing'ton, 
'vlimtg-oinery,  . 

Third  District. 
Co'nmbi.i, 
Warren, 
5I:ir;cock, 
Greene,    . 

roitrlli  DiUri£t. 

Wi'.--ces,    . 
Lincoln, 
\l  di  on, 
Frailkii:!, 

F:fh  District. 
Os^iethurpe, 

J  icfcson, 
Vio;  J,   n. 

Sixth  District. 
Liurens, 
P'llaski, 
VYitkijison, 
TeifJr, 

Baldwin, 
..  >nes. 


th?  Ud.inl  iif  I'll!-.-' ^,„^.,^t  of    tlie 
ciijal  asscbsuis,      j^,,ota  of  tlie  tali. 


-|- 


(■/} 


7/278,949  44 
1,639,432 

3,521,178  41 

402,652  27 
272,941  87 
214,925  8J 
130,J8J  4 

L0'?\702  91  2 
2'.50.-:.345  72 
2,0  2^,390  00  , 
1,193,186  43  6 
1,4  jH,u91  58  5 


'■^4,020  53 
1,993  76   6 
5,5U9  12  5 

11.619  55 


699  ::,5 

429  25 

3,615  83 
8,<!6'.;  29 
3,6-i7  29 
3,947  42 
4,646  71 
1,195  42 


2,75o;i90 

25 

9  095     9 

1,495  170 

s:'.' 

4,934     S'i 

2,6j.j.9U 

42 

8,748  11 

2,4j6,346 

il 

o/loO  60 

1,318,224 

00 

5,087  95 

3,>53,2..3 

j'd 

10,7ii.9  13 

1,J19,4j5 

uJ 

,>.35s  '.O 

3lJ,ldi 

00 

1,041  49 

S3j,23J 

■J  J 

2.913  ;»0 

2,153,723 

Ov) 

7,765  95 

1,2,"  >.j65 

•>\l 

4,207  71 

1,153,420 

i^J 

3,^122  78 

1,563,977  94 

5,507  62 

.■i3o,393 

26 

2,750  22 

622,463 

43 

2, -54  'i 

583,249 

c^J 

1,926  :-3 

i6,-,.).i7 

42 

554  35 

844,677  67 

"2,8)7  44 

1,932,812 

77 

6,5i3   13 

2,1  >  5,5j9 

23 

7,047  23 

2,'212,787  97 

7,3o2  21 

5 

6 


1  954,869  16 


NoTtH-*-  In  tills  district  the  abstract  tlid  not 
•contain  tiie  number  of  d\veliin2"-hoases  a;ul  oul-: 
Jiouscs  of  cr.cli  coMiity  distinctly,  but  the  aggregate: 
cf  the  two  counties. 

jl.i  iliis  dlsu-ici  the  assistant  assessors  did  not 
ascertarn  tlic  d'.veUin^-houses  and  .out-liouses  cor- 
rectly. Often  lots  were  named,  wnicii  contained 
buUdi\iT;-s  tliat  are  not  included  in  tlie  above  enu- 
meration; aadj  tStcrcrore,  Uie  number  is,  by  far,  toi 
■little. 


of  t'le  state 
of  (>eo  •;';i.>i,  subject  to  the  direct  tax,  .imotmt  to 
557,?'46,771  16  cents,  or  \vliicn,  cansidcrabiv  1110  c 
uian  one  lialf  is  raised  oa'tne  valu.idon  of  ju.ves. 

SU3I.MAHY. 

First  district 
Second 


Third 

ro:irth 

Fifth 

Sixth 


46,563  03 
3j,:122  95 
30,917  S3 
24,1  j2  51 
21,505  32 


Qn-ita  of  thj  s:aii,         S1&0;718  y/ 


252    I'^'iLES   WEEKLY  RT^.GISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEIwEER  0,  1815. 


in  wliich  Spain  lias  ur^'ed  Kng'land  to  iiiitrfei-e  an^ 
decide  ug'iiinst  her  iiltrumai-ine  provinces,  bvit  tliis 
trcu,ty  lias  even,  by  tlie  ugeu^s  of  tlie  latter,  been 


The  Floridas. 

JTrom  the  Lmnljn  JlToriilng  Chronick',  Sejjt.  21. 

It  was  natural  to  expect,  iLfier  ;i  war  like  thj.t  nf'iuicrpi-etedin'.o  tlieriijht  of  deniandiiig  the  persons 


the  peninsiihi,  in  winch  so  mucJi  B.'i'iih  bl'>od  and 
treasure  were  exiiausted,  that  tiie  subject  ofiiidcni- 
iiitics  would  come  on  the  c»rpet,  as  soon  us  tiie 
object  w,.s  attained  .md  peace  established.  It  way 
a  veri;  di'^icult  matter,  however,  to  setsie  tl;ii  point, 
in  consequence  of  the  iaclcn;iite  terms  of  die  treatv 
made  by  Mr.  Canr.inrr,  and  xlie  diivicuity  oftreaiin;^ 
■with  Ftrdinund  and  iiis  ministers,  wiio,  f.j*  from  be- 
in^  prepared  to  give  an  i:i<!cmaity,  raiiier  tlioug'hl 
we  had  done  more  ho.rm  tiian  good  in  aiiliug-  to 
liberate  the  peniassda,  and  would  have  been  iiappy 
if  an  Englishman  hsd  never  trod  their  ground. 
Hence,  !)y  every  nieuns  iii  their  power,  are  the\ 
Jij-.v  tryiii^v  to  undo  Vvhat  little,  social  as  well  «s 
political,   improvements   we   sought  to  introduce. 


of  Spanish  Americans  landing  in  Engh.nd.  Ic  has 
ititherto  been  titougiit  tiu.t  tiiese  renioast;;nces,  on 
tiic  part  of  Spain,  have  been  unnoticed,  but  in  oup 
last  treaty  there  is  an  additional  clause,  inserted 
on  August  24,  18  H,  as  tlie  3d  additional  article 
wiiercMS  tiie  bo-ly  of  the  sauK-  is  signed  on  Stii  July, 
Same  year,  v.'hicii  has  created  some  alarm.  It  irs  us 
follows  : 

"  His  Britannic  miijesty  being  ajsxious  that  the 
troubles  and  diBtiU'bances  which  unfortunately  pre- 
vail in  the  domhiions  of  his  Craisoiic  majesty  in 
America  should  cease,  and  tlie  subjceis  of  these 
provi'iccs  should  return  to  their  ohetlience  i.i  tlieir 
LiWad  sovereign,  engages  to  take  ihc  niosi  eltcctual 
hieasures  for  preventing  his  subjects,  from  furnish- 


rnd  it  will  be  no  wonder,  if  in  the  next  edict  isiucdi  ing  ai  ms,  ammunition,  or  any  other  wanike  article 


b}'  the  inq-uisition,  it  be  deemed  a  crime  of  heretical 
pravity,  for  a  Spaniard  to  be  heard  sneaking  I-jnghsh. 
This  indemnity  questioii,  consequently,  ji.is  met 
V.iih  great  ditificulties,  as  well  for  the  reas-ons  just 
jissigned  as  because  the  services  to  be  compensated 
■^^'ereperfor!ncd  tdthe  cortcs,  and  it  would  be  yei'V 
inconsistent,  after  his  past  conduct,  fjr  f'crdiriand 
•to  seek  to  renumerate  them,  and  indeed  lie  onij' 
know;  of  them  bv  hearsaj'. 

Under  this  state  of  tilings  it  is  easy  to  conceive 
the  great  dilemma  in  which  the  minister.s  have  been 
placed,  as  well  as  their  wortliy  representatives  in 
;M..drid,  who  have  not  learned  logic  eaougii  to  undo 
the  syllogism.s  awi  otlicr  knotty  ai'guments  the 
monastic  coirnsellors  of  Ferdinand  bring  forward  on 
this  subject.  This  indernniiy  question  Wiis,  howevcV, 
■\varmly  agitated  in  IMadri  1  in  November  last,  and 
the  whole  weight  and  iniluenci'  of  England  at  last 
wrested  from  tiie  tenacious  Spani:u'ds,  it  is  general- 
ly believed,  ar.  i/;uetf5nity,  viz.  E.:st  and  West  Fi(n-i- 
da.  It  is  generiiily  supposed  that  seyeral  demands 
were  made  before  this  point  was  agreed  on,  viz.  a 
free  trade  to  STjunisli  America,  tlie  cotton  trade  of 
Spain,  he  Island  of  Puerto  Rico,  the  Spuush  pirt 
of  St.  Doniin!';o,  Cuba,  the  Hilcares,  Can.u'ics  and 
for  what  we  K.now,  the  E^hiliipi/ie  Islands.  Either 
of  these  bonuses,  separately,  inig'ht,  perhaps,  have 
satished  our  wishes,  but  the  Spaniards  were  too 
wise  to  let  one  go;  so  it  would  seem  as  if  he  liad 
been  forced  to  be  coritent  with  ch.e  Fioridas,  becuise 
Spain  CGuid  n  tain  them  no  longer  on  accou.tt  of  tae 
!Noiih  Americans  and  the  neighborliig  revolmions 
of  .Mexico.  1:;  making  diis  couces.'-ion,  however, 
Stis  no'  clear,  whether  some  valuable' j;iinciplc  has 
not  been  given  up,  and  wjietiier  somecondiJim  tias 
jiot  been  exactecl  from  us,  opposed  to  th.e  t'eeiings 
and  v/islies  of  the  jieople  of  England. — Time  will 
enlighten  us  oti  tliis  point  a  little  more,  but  in 
Spanish  Aiiieric:i,  we  ought  to  remember,  tliere  is 
at  present  a  general  insurrection  against  tyrannical 
]iov/e;,  a  slro  ig  and  in-esistable  iinjiulse  of  itunian 
jiature  groaning  under  opp/cssion,  a  revolution,  in 
fthort,  tiie  most  just  and  interesting  in  iis  n:itiu'e  as 
well  as  ics  consequences  to  the  world,  to  be  found  in 
the  anna's  of  iiistory. 

To  suppress  this  revolution,  we  know  that  the 
jnquisitjon  has  been  armed  wiih  the  bayontl  and 
tiie  dtigger,  that  reiigion  has  been  prosututcd,  i^nd 
that  all  die  energies  of  rancor  and  malice  li.n'e  beeii 
ee+  to  work.  To  suppress  this  revolution  also  Spain 
b-.s  frequently  c.uled  upon  Enghmd  under  a  piea, 
that  in  our  treaty  we  had  ffuaranteed  tlie  iniejfiity  uf 
the  Spanish  nionurcJai.  It  would  be  long  and  teilious 
^0  Cctrry  our  rcivders  through  the  vai'ious  uccasions 


to  the  revolted  in  America." 

To  this  another  ci  -cumstance  ofa  more  Important 
nature  has  lately  been  added,  tenditig  to  prove  that 
some  change  has  taken  pUiCe  in  tlie  policy  of  F,ng- 
iaud,  wnicii  hi  tiie  last  parliament  was  pledged  to 
be  strictly,  nay,  delicately,  neutral  be.vscen  Spain 
a:id  her  ultramarine  provinces.  If  so,  it  is  nov,- 
generally  asked,  can  this  be  in  consequerxe  of  the 
cession  of  the  Floridas  to  Eiigl.iud  ?  Can  we  have 
bartered  otir  honor,  our  nationivl  forejig'it,  and  in- 
tegrity, together  with  oui"  mercantile  interests,  for 
this  bauble  ?  Let  us  look  for  a  moment.on  the  real 
merits  of  tiiis  gift  on  the  p.i;  •  of  Spain  w-d  what 
will  accrue  to  us,  by  being  made  lords  over  the 
Fioiidas. 

We  ai-e  not  aware,  that  from  time  to  time,  long 
and  elaborate  memoirs  have  been  presented  to  go- 
vernment, on  the  subject  of  the  Fioridas,  since  we 
ticid  possession  of  that  country,  so  there  have  also 
been  respecting  the  cutting  of  the  Islhmus  of  Pa- 
nama, and  in  aii  probability  they  have  been  on  a  par. 
They  have  been  represented  as  Dorados,  or  the 
iilVbian  Melds,  and  commei-cial  avidity  has  delineat- 
ed a  comparative  desert  into  a  magriificeiit  vent  for 
go  -ds.  Yet  it  is  a f.ict,  that  the  soil  of  \\'esi Fioritla 
IS  sandy,  and  that  the  ciiiuate  is  unhealtli}-,  as  our 
experience  taught  us  i.-Jixi  the  year  176j,  till  we 
gave  it  up,  vcliich  we  even  seem  to  have  been  glad 
to  do.  Neiu.er  East  nor  West  Florida  supply  furs, 
for  tlse  game  is  extjnct,  nor  are  tliere  Tndi.'.ns  now 
CO  hunt  Or  Consume  goods.  West  Florida  iias  indeed 
some  advantages  of  locality,  fi  om  being  t!ie  channel 
to  tlie  sea  of  a  large  and  fertile  tract  of  country  ex- 
lendiug  from  the  31  dtgiee  to  th.e  sources  of  the 
Fe^rl,  Alabama,  and  Oiatahoche  rivei-s;  but  all  this 
uelongs  to  the  United  States,  and  hitherto  these 
rivers  have  scarcely  been  used.  East  Florida  pos- 
sesses Jio  harbors;  an.d  indeed  the  population  of  botli 
is  so  evtremeiy  thin,  that,  as  comraercixi  and  agri- 
cultural points,  thej-  ctunot  present  an  advantage 
woi-tii  the  expense  of  keeping  them.  Tiiey  have 
long  ijeen  a  burden  to  Sjiam,  who  had  annually  to 
draw  fiom  Mexico  lol,oJj  dolLrs  for  tlieir  expense: 
of  adminiatradon.  Sp.un,  liierefore  rids  lierstlf  of  a 
load,  for  slue  is  sensible  that  the  inJiabitants,  wiio 
endure  all  tha  horrors  of  Spanish  legislation,  Stc. 
witnbut  either  proteciion  or  beneiits,  and  behold 
the  rise  of  Louisi;ma  since  its  cession  to  the  United 
States,  \\i\i  not  be  lon^r  before  tiiev  wisii  to  form 
pcU'tofthe  .same  conftderaiiou.  Nay,  tins  dread  oi 
progressive  liberty  iias  long  given  umbrage  to  th.e 
cabinet  of  Madrid;  for  this  they  owe  an  old  grudge 
to  the  2North  Americans,  as  well  as  for  aiding  the 
revolutions  ef  Uie  JMeiicans;  but  ;i3  Spain  is  to© 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGL^TER—CONGRESS. 


253 


'ikchle  to  retaliate,  she  is  now  glad  to  ge.  EiigiAiil 
to  do  it  fur  her. 

Spain,  the  re  fore,  in  making-  us  maste?:;  of  the 
Fhii-idas,  would  give  what  lo  lier  is  scarcely  worth 
keeping,  and  indeed  what  she  cannot  keep  long; 
and  we  seem  to  think,  that  what  is  worth  giving,  i:s 
A'.-orth  having.  But  o.ir  possessiyn  of  tne  above 
country  seems  to  be  founded  on  the  advantages  of 
a  military  posirion,  and  as  a  future  bridle  on  the 
Uniled  States.  On  this  score  ittleserves  particukii- 
attention. 

■  Beaujnur,  in  his  s'ictch  of  the  United  States,  a 
work  that  cen.aiuly  developes  the  views  and  situa- 
tion of  thai  -.ountry  better  than  any  other  before 
published,  savs,  "  that  the  Floridas  to  t'le  south 
appe;,r  sooner  or  later,  destined  to  be  united  to  the 
American  republic,  since  they  fjrm  part  of  the 
boundaries  delineated  by  nature."  The  govern- 
ment as  well  as  tiie  people  of  the  United  States 
^ve  the  same  idea;  and  if  England  takes  pos.^ession 
of  tiiat  couuu-y,  they  are  persuaded  it  is  solely  for 
the  pui'pose  of  being  a  thorn  in  their  side,  to  anno/ 
t!u:;ii  in  ame  ofw.tr,  and  counter-balance  any  attack 
they  may  wish  to  make  to  tlie  north.  Mr.  EUicot, 
who  some  years  back  measured  the  boimdai'y  liae 
between  Spain  and  tlie  United  States,  observed, 
**  that  West  i'lorida  must  be  higiily  important  in  a 
commercial  point  of  view,  and,  if  cannecte  i  with 
the  country  north  of  it,  capabie  of  prescribing  ma- 
fiiime  regulations  to  the  Guq^h  of  Mexico."  That 
is  givhig  to  understand,  that  in  tlie  hands  of  ihe 
United  States,  and  as  an  outiet  to  the  sea  for  a 
p-eat  part  of  the  Mississippi  Territory  and  Upper 
Carolina,  and  connected  with  a  ferule  ninge  of 
country,  in  a  rapid  state  of  progression,  it  miglii 
be  made  of  great  consequence;  but  these  advan- 
tages could  never  be  realized  by  Spain  or  England, 
as  solitary  possessions  of  a  strip  of  sea  coast,  and 
,shutovit  fr  )m  the  interior.  Besides,  it  is  only  when 
tliese  b.ick  countries  are  settled  and  cultiv»ted, 
that  these  advantages  are  to  be  re.dized;  and  tliis 
13  indeed  the  material  reason  why  the  United  Stales 
are  not  possessed  of  them  already.  Yet  their  iioid- 
ing  tlieni  certainly  enters  into  the  fviture  views  of 
the  United  States;  and  being-  so  near,  with  the  po- 
puLition  in  tiieir  favor,  ii  is  evident  they  can  take 
them  whenever  they  choose.  It  is,  therefore,  wnen 
we  liave  laid  out  larg'c  sums  in  barracks,  new  cities, 
(for  our  garrisons  can  never  be  put  into  Pensacola 
and  Mobile,  once  t!io  tomb  of  our  countrymen,)  and 
in  other  necessary  objects  to  make  an  cstablisK- 
ment,  that  the  United  States'  back-woods-mcu  will 
sound  their  bugle,  at  the  first  symptoms  of  war, 
and  all  our  trouble  and  expense  will  be  lost. 

Whatever  then  be  the  consideration  we  g-ive  for 
the  Floridas,  it  can  only  he  viewed  hi  the  liglit  of 
a  bad  debt,  for  Vv'hich  we  get  what  we  can  ;  but 
when  we  come  to  consider  tiiat  this  must  be  the 
cause  of  a  new  war  with  the  Uniced  States,  soon- 
er or  later,  if  we  can  get  notliing  better,  would  it 
not  be  more  advisable  lo  dash  the  sponge  over  our 
debt  against  Spain,  than  hereafter  endanger  the 
Canadaj  .'  ]5y  the  war  out  of  which  we  have  just 
emerged  with  tiie  United  States,  we  liave  given 
that  country  a  tone  of  importance  greater  than  ii 
Would  have  attained  by  tiurty  year's  growtli,  and 
certainly  its  inhabitants  will  never  liencefirward 
endure  what  tliey  have  been  in  the  habits  of  iii- 
therelo  bearing.  The  possession  of  tne  Floridas 
can,  consequently,  bring  upon  us  nothing  but  a  war, 
Jind  if  obtained  by  tiie  sacrifice  of  any  principle 
deal-  to  the  feelings  of  Englishmen,  and  essendal 
to  but  trade,  disgrace  must  be  the  issue.  It  is  tiien  I 
J^essary  f(ii  ^^  tg  icok  n^rowly  ii^to  tliis  afiau-, ' 


befure  t;ic  meeting  of  Parliament,  for  in  it  many  of 
the  vital  interests  of  this  country  are  implicated, 
I;  indeed  seems  to  be  the  lot  of  nations,  to  derive 
no  instriiciion  but  from  experience,  nor,  now.-jdaySj 
(k>  ihey  avail  themselves  of  the  p..st  foily  of  their 
neiglibors.  Absorbed,  as  we  are  in  modeilmg  Europe 
to  our  wishes.  North  and  South  America  seem  to 
be  envirely  nesjlected,  or,  if  tkought  of,  mereh'  to 
destroy  tj-,e  future  prospects  a  combination  of 
fornmate  circumstances  has  presented.  Sufficient 
!\-.ili  h.as  alreiidy  been  infused  into  the  miiids  of  t!ic 
North  American  people;  their  manifesto  respecung^ 
the  late  war,  and  pajc-Licularly  some  of  its  detaciied 
features,  have  been  rancorous  enough;  and  if  we 
purclir.se  from  Spain  a  country  for  the  purpose  of 
fiinenting'  disscniions  in  the  bordering  St.;ites,  and 
placing  a  Imrricr  to  the  inde-icndence  of  Soutli 
Amei-ica,  we  create  a  synip.itiietic  feeiiiig  through- 
out, of  which  our  children  may  experience  tlie  fatal 
consequences. 


Congress  of  the  United  Slates. 

IM  SENATE. 
Jironnai',  Vece:nher  4-. — This  being  the  dav  appoint- 
ed by  the    co'isfitutiou  for  the  co.americemeat  tiie 
first  session  of  cac.i  congres.s — 

At  12  o'clock,  the  -president  pro  tempore  took  the 
chair;  and,  tlie  roll  being  caiicd  over,  it  appeared 
thattlie  foUov.ing  gentleuien  were  present,  besides 
t!)e  president,  (Mr.  G.diiard.) 

Mesai's.  Burboui',  Hm-sey,  Sanfoiil, 

Blown,  Hoivtll,  Tait, 

Camj-fecU,  Hunter,  Tichinor, 

CliaC'-,  I.iciitk,  Vaiiiiiin, 

Pag-a;ett,  lloh- rts,  AViUianis, 

I'ro.niejitin,  Kug^les,  Wiissn. 

A  quorum  being  prcsc.it,  the  senate  proceeded 
to  business. 

Mr.  Yarnum  and  A-Ir.  Ktuitcr  were  appointed  on 
the  part  of  the  senate,  to  wait  on  tiie  president,  and 
inform  liim  th.at  they  were  ready  to  receive  any 
conimmuciUion  lie  migiit  have  to  make^ 

A  communication  was  received  from  the  citizens 
who  have  ^•ollu^tari!y  erected  a  building  on  the  Capi- 
tol Hill,  for  the  temjiorary  accom.modation  of  con- 
gress; and  Messrs.  llorscv,  Lacock  and  Fromenlin 
were  appuinted  a  committee  on  the  part  of  this 
house,  to  examine  and  report  on  t!;e  state  thereof. 

The  concurrence  of  tiie  otiier  house  was  request- 
ed in  the  two  preceding  votes. 

Messrs.  l^acock,  Howell  and  Daggett  were  ap- 
pointed the  commilLce  of  accounts. 

31r.  ilobcrts  was  appointed  on  the  coinmittee  of 
enrolled  bills. 

Jdessrs.  Fromcntin,  Sanford  and  Tichenor  were 
appointed  the  committee  on  t  ngrossed  bills. 

A  resolution  for  appoiiitbig  a  joint  couinutiee  on 
the  Hillary  concerns,  was  read  three  times,  passed, 
and  sent  to  tlie  otiier  house  for  concurrence. 
HOUSE  OF  UEPilESENTATIVES. 
Jtlund'.ty,  JJt'cemlii;r  4. — At  12  o'clock,   the  clerk 
took  the  cliair;  and,  calling  over  tiic  roll  of  mem- 
bers by  states,  it  appeared  tiiat  the  following  mem- 
bers were  present,  viz.. 
From  Kew-IIniiipj/ihe. —  Messis.  Athirlon,  CJIIpj-,  Vose,  Wilcox. 
iU.Vo'.>«r/;.;it'(i'.— Mfssri.   iiajlifs,    IJiiullnin,    IJiigliaiii,  Brown, 
Conner,    H.il()i'it,  Kiui;',   Nclioii,   Pavris,  Pkktiiiij;,  litetl,  Rice, 
UuKi^its.  Si  rung. 
J\/ijUc-l.tlunu.—Mr.  Boss. 
Connecticut.— Metm.  Champion,  Da vcnptn,  Law,  Mosely,  Stur- 

F(";«ion?.— Messrs.  Clii[)ir)aii,  Jewelt,  Laiigdon,  Nojes,  Lyun, 
Marsh. 

A'(-:(i-?«rA-.— Messrs.  Bett»,  nhctsal!,  Rrnn'cs,  Comslock,  Cnicheron, 
GoUl,  llainniuiiil.Lovt-tt,  Moffit,  liu\agt;,  bclieiick,  Tajloi,  I'liroop, 
'I'owuseiid,  Waiil,  Wilkiiis. 

yeu'-Jeisctj.—^ilPsirs.  Baker,  Batemaii, ':  lutliard.  ^ 

i^cnns^lvunia.—^lcasrs.  CrawlbrJ,  PisrUuston,  Hahn,  Hcister, 


251.    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  9,  1815. 


llopJ<Iiiso  ■,  inRliam.  L\lc,  Maclay,  T.lilnor,  PiiM.r,  Siuiiii,  AVal-  tlic   liousc,    and  one  tliousand  for  the  use  of  Uxc 

laci-,  WiiilesiJ's.   I.  Wilson,  VV.  Wilson.  Senate. 

M^'uP^l^n^n^vW-rt,  Stuart, WriBht.  THE  PRESIDliNT'S  ?.IESS,Vr.E. 

K;,,s»iia.-Mtssrs.  Baibmir    Hi'  ck.iii-i.-Rc,  Burw-'ll,  OlioUon,       Yesterday,  ;it  12  o'  ciock,  l!ie  preaiLknt  of  the  Uni- 

Ooo'lwvi'.  H;i\vt«,   HiDiirri-'irt ,  l-^wn,   MCny,  N.-lson.  Ivtwtuii,    .     ,     r,.    ^       •,  ...      .    .       i        ■     i  p 

PI  sirntL  Roa..e.  s  ..it!.. 'lau,  T„.k^-.  ^  ted  &?«i^,9  iransiinttcd .  to  botli  hoiisesof  congi-ess, 

^'w.V/-(r^/c/"'a-— Missis.  Eryan,ciarlvp, Ciilpeppei". Macon, Mur-   Uie  folioxring  n'lessiig'e,  bv  Mr.  Todd,  his  secrutary  : 

fier,Si;i..nM-(l,AVi!i;a:..s.\Wy.                                       Ma,™„t  Felloxv  dtizenx  of  the  satuie 

5i'/r^j-ru;(// (I/;.— .M.ibi-8.  CiiiI»H)n,Ch/ippell,  Lowndes,  Majrant,  ,     /■    ,      ,               r 

W.(l.;i-.i  ...,  Moor*.  TB>l..r,  WuodwarJ.  and  jf  t/u!  Iiouse  of  representatives.- 

Ctu)t;(«.— M'Siis.  Fursythc,  HhIi, Lnuipkin,  Wild..'.  I  hiivf  vhc .saii^f.ction,  on   oiir  present  meeting  of 

.f.,,Am*;/.-M.ssr».  Clarke,  ClHy,D..l.a,Job.,s..a,  McLean, Orms^  l»eino-  :tble   io    conimunicte    to  VOU  the  vacccssful 

b]',  Sbarp,  la.il-                                                                                 ,,  ,          ■      ^-           ,.  , ,                     i  •    <     i  •  i    i 

.'(///.(.•wtr.— Messrs.   CannoD,   llendtrson,    Powell,  HeynoKh,  termination  ot  tlie  War  whidi  hud  been  coranienc- 


-JKssrs.     Alexaudei-,    Caldwell,   Clendenin,    Creighton, 


Tl:   1 

Mi-iL'iii' 

A,  .uaiana.—  Mi-.  Robertsoii. 
A  quorum  boni^  present — 
The  house  proceeded  to  b.illot  for  a  speaker;  and 


ed  ag-ninst  tlie  United  States  by  the  regency  of 
Alq-iers.  The  sfjuadron  in  advance,  Qr<  that  ?!ervice 
lander  commodore  Decatur,  losv  not  a  moment  jfier 
its  arriv.d  in  tJic  Mediterranea.n,  in  i.eekin:>;  the  na- 
val force  of  tiic  enemy,  tiien  cruisini*"  in  that  .le  '.,  :.nd 


the    ellers  having  examined   tlie  ballots,  reported,/ succeeded  in  capturing  two  of  his  .ships,    one  of 
that  *he  vvhole  number  of  votes  g-iven  wa^J  122;  thatj  uicm  liie  prir.cipd  sliip   commanded  by  the  Aitje- 


tlier£  were 

For  Jlenry  Clay 
lld'jrh  Nelson 
T.  ritkin 
N.  Macon 
Jo.se|)h  l.,ewis 
T.  Pickerhig- 
Blank  :^ 


87 
13 
9 
7 
2 
1 
3 


llKNnT  f'i.Ar  was  tiicrefore  duly  elected,  and  con- 
ducted to  the  chair;  f.'un.  w!;! -h  he  addrea.s^d  'he 
ho\3e  as  distinctly  as  the  effects  of  a  late  seriou 
inu-j^o,'*!  ,on  would  pei'mit;  returning'  Ids  acknow- 
led;^ments  f  )r  the  honor  conferred  on  him,  paying 
R  hi,-k  tribute  to  tlie  mcriU;  of  his  predecessor  in 
the  ciiair;  picdt- Iri^;  the  exercise  of  lii.s  bes,.  .ibiii 
tics  in  di-icnarging- tlie  dviries  imposed  on  him,  tuid 
tlirowing  hinv-ieif  on  the  in.diiVcnce  of  the  hotiBe  for, 
oc  '.li-ional  errors  of  juug-mem,  &.o.  p:4rLicularly  in 
his  pi'c -lent  ill  I'.Ciilth. 

The  oath  to  support  the  constitution  having'  been 
ailTuinistcred  by  Mr.  Wrig'nt  to  the  speakc;-,  the 
speaker  in  turn  qualified  a!i  the  members  present. 

The  de\eg-,.tes  from  tL.e  territories,  Mr.  Latti- 
niore,  Mf.  .fen. .ings,  and  Air.  Stephenson,  were  then 
aUo  o  .'d  fi:d. 


rine  adniir.vi.  Tiie  hityii  c'laradei-  of  the  Amej'lcan 
comm;.uder  was  b.-i'.iiantly  sustal  :cd  en  theoccsion, 
vrluch  broug-ht  ids  own  ship  ii.iO  cio.-e  r  ion  wi^  U  that 
of  lii.3  advei-s;try,  as  was  the  accua'.onied  gallaiiUy 
iof  ;dl  tiie  oiKcer.?  and  men  actuiiy  engaged.  Hav- 
ing' preparcvl  tlie  way  by  this  dtnio;istratioa  of 
American  skill  and  p.o>vess,  !c  iias.i-iicd  to  li.e  jjort 
of  Alg-icrs,  Wi'^ere  pe..ce  was  promptly  yielded  to  his 
vie  onous  ro;ce.  In  tiie  terms  supulated,  the  vif,.;ts 

-lid  iiOMor  of  tiie  Unl'.td  States  weic  particular- 
ly considted,  by  a  perpetu.d  reJinquishmcnt,  on  tlie 
■.-.rtoftiic  Dcy,  of  all  preteucions  to  tribute  from 

jicm  I'he  irv^nrcsssions  wLicu  h.ive  thus  been 
made,  sti  eng-:hc  i^clI  .-^s  they  will  have  been  b}-  siib- 
..'<qtttnt  trans.'Ctions  witli  the  vc-enc'  of  Tunis  and 
Tripoli.,  by  ihe  appearance  of  the  l<irger  force  vridch 
fo;io.'>ed  under  commodore  Bsinbridge,  the  chief  ia 
coniiuand  of  the  expedition,  and  by  the  judicious 
precauiionaiy  arrang'cinents  left  by  b.ini  in  that  tjuar- 
'Ci',  aifords  re-sonablc  piospcct  of  fi'ure  sccui'ity, 
for  the  valuable  jjortion  of  our  commerce  which 
passes  withhi  reach  of  the  Bnrhu''y  cruisers.. 

I;>  is  anottier  source  ofsatisfaction,  that  the  tre  "ty 
of  peace  Willi  Greaf  Brii-.m  has  been  succeetied  by 
a  convention  on  the  suliject  of  connucrce,  eonch'.d- 


Tlie  ho'.ise  proceeded  to  elect  a  clerk:  wlien.it  led  by  tJie  plenipotentiaries  of  tlie  two  countries, 
appeiied  that  of  122  votes,  Thumas  Bmi^^-hertij,  esq.  |  In  this  result  a  dispiisition  is  manifested  on  the  part 
hnd  114,  and  Wi'S  therefor,   duly  elected.  of  that  nation,  corresponding  widi  the  disposition  of 

The  speaker  Irdd  before  the  house  a  letter  from  the  Uni'ed  States,  which  it  may  lie  hoped,  will  be 
Joseph  \Vheaton,  (Jiiering'  himself  as  a  candidate  I  improved  into  libera!  arrangements  on  otl:er  subjects 
for  serf.^ewit  at  ,\ims.  Ion  which  the  jiurties  have  muiiud  interests, or  Wiiicli 

On  motion  of  i'ur.  VVrig-ht,  after  some  little  dis- 1  might  endanger  their  future  harmony.  Congress 
cussion — it  was  [will  decide  on  thie  expediency  of  promoting-  sucU 

RcsolTed,  that  Thomas  Dunn  be  appointed  ser-  L  sequel,  by  givinj]^  eti'ect  to  the  measure  of  confi  ■- 
geant  at  arms;  Tlionia.'j  Claxton,  door-keeper;  Ben-  ing  tiie  Ame'ican  navigation  to  American  seamen; 


jamiu  Biirch,  assis  antdoor-keeper  to  this  house,  vic. 

The  several  resolutitiiis  passed  by  the  senate 
■were  received,  read  and  concurred  in. 

Mr.  Wright  and  Mr.  Uopkliisuii  were  appointed 
the  comudttee  onti.e  part  of  tiiia  house  to  wait  on 
the  president  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  I^u-i-ndes,  Mr.  Fursyihc,  and  Mr.  Champion 
were  appoLtted  to  enLiuiie  into  the  state  of  the  new 
buikling-  pre])arcd  by  the  citizens  fur  congress. 

The  usual  orders  as  to  rules,  &c.  were  adopted. 

Wusidiiffton  Cii.j  Dec.  6. — in  tiie  senate,  Mr.  Bibb, 
of  (Georgia  attemted  yesterday  hi  addition  to  those 
alreatlv  ann>,Uficed. 


a  measure  wlucli,  at  tlie  same  lime  tliat  it  mlglit 
have  that  conciliatory  tendency,  wouiel  have  the  fui'- 
tlier  advantage  of  increasing- tlie  independence  of  our 
navigation,  ;inel  the  resources  for  our  miu-itimc  de- 
fence. 

In  conformity  with  the  articles  of  tlie  ti-eaty  of 
Ghent,  rel-atnig'  to  the  Indians,  as  well  as  with  a 
view  to  the  tranquility  of  our  western  anel  nortli- 
westcrn  frontiers,  measures  were  taken  to  estaldish 
an  Immediate  peace  with  the  several  tribes  who 
had  been  eng.'iged  in  hostilities  agt-inst  the  United 
Stales.  Such  of  them  as  were  invited  to  Detroit 
acceded  readily  to  a  renewal  of  the  former  treaties 


In  tiie  house  of  representatives,  the  following:  of  fiendsh.ip.  Of  the  other  ',  vibes  wiio  were  In- 
g:cntkn'.cnattendi;d,  in  addition  :  from  Pennsylvania,  jvited  to  a  station  on  the  Missis.iippi,  th.e  greater 
Itiv  Ir>vin;fo;n  Maryhmd,  Mr.  Baer  ;  from  Vir-j  number  have  also  accepteel  the  peace  oifereel  to 
ginia,  Me.-.sr>,  Siicify,  Johnson,  Kerr;  from  Koi'th  |  theoi.  Tne  re.-idue,  consisting  of  die  more  di.stant 
Carolina,  Messrs.  Gaston  andi-'orney.  tribes  or  pai'ts  of  tiiues,  remain  to  be  broug'ht  over 

Xo  oliier  b'jshicss  v.-as  done  y est ereiay,  th.in  read- :  by  further  explanations,  or  by  such  other  means  as 
ing  the  prcEidtii;''sinesiuge  ;  of  wiiich  Ave  thousand  j  may  be  ;''.Japtcd  to  the  dispoildon  they  may  finally 


copies   '.verc  ordered  to  be  prLiUd  for  the  use 


of  lets. 


dOi 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTRU— COXGRESS. 


The  In(li;;n  tribes  witlun,  -nd  borclerins^-  on  our;b 
E^ufhcrii  f.oi\u^i-,  wliom  h  cniei  war  on  tiicir  pitrt  u 
had  conipcued  lis  to  chastise  into  peace,  iiive  i;ii- 
terly  slicwn  a  restlessness,  wiucli  has  called  fo: 
prepai-:-  ory  ineasuies  for  repressing-  il,  und  for 
piO'.ac(Inv;'the  cominissionere  eiig-»gcd  in  c:irryiiig 
tiie 'C' lii..-  of  the  pe.ceinto  execution. 

Tt,.  er:ecu;i..)n  of  tlje  act  for  fininjr  tlie  military 
peace  e*';.vbilshmcnt,  hus  been  y.ttended  v.itli  difli- 
ouitits  which  even  idw  can  oiily  be  overcoint  by 
leg-isl;;live  aid.  The  seleciion  of  oiiicers;  the  pny- 
ment  laid  uischiirg:e  of  t)»p  iroops  enlisted  for  the 
wa:';  the  payment  of  the  reu.i.)ed  troops;  and  thei; 
ve-u'.ii;)n  from  det.iclied  ui'd  cli-;ti.nt  st.itlons;  the 
collection  nmX  security  of  t!ie  public  pi-operiv,  in 
the  quarter-master,  coinmissiuy,  and  ordnance  de- 
partme,its;  and  the  conitant  medical  assist;ir,ce  re- 
quired in  lio>pltals  and  ;>-irrisons,  rendered  u  com- 
ple:'t  execution  of  tiic  ;,ct  impi' '.clic:ible  on  the  fir.;t 
of  M.iy,  the  period  more  immediately  contemjilatcd. 
As  sooii,  however,  as  clicumitances  would  permit, 
and  as  fur  as  it  lias  been  practicable,  consistently 
with  the  public  interests,  tlie  redaction  of  the  .a-my 
has  been  accomplii'ied;  but  the  appropriations  for 
its  pay,  and  i'oc  o'her  brajic'ics  of  die  military  ser- 
vice, havini;-  proved  inadequate,  tlie  earliest  at- 
teiitioii  to  that  suljjc^ct  will  be  necessary;  and  the 
expediency  of  co;itinuinp;-  upon  the  peace  establish- 
ment, the  staff  ofucers  wlio  have  hiiherto  been  pro- 
visionally rcluined,  is  also  recommended  to  the 
consideration  of  congress. 

In  the  performance  of  the  executive  d'lty  upon 
this  occasigii,   there  has  not  been  waniinfj  a  just 


n  ■  of  money  in  the  treasury  on  the  1st  of  Ja- 
y  here  i.  .s  •  ;  c  p.]].  beuweeu  tlie  1st  of  Ja- 
■"'."y  and  t!ie  1st  of  October,  on  accot'.nt  of  tlie 
apprcp' i.'vtions  of  the  ])recedii\i};  .-lul  of  the  pveuent 
y^tr,  (excUisively  of  the  amount  of  tjje.treasiu-y 
notes  sulv-cribed  to  the  loan,  and  the  AiViOUDt  re- 
deemed in  the  payment  of  diiics  and  taxes)  tlic 
.iirp-r^e'ale  Slim  of  tliirvv-three  niililons  tuid  h  half 


doiliirs,    leavint^  a  b.Junce  tiien  in  the  nciiriry 


t'lree  niillior 


dod., 


sensibility  to  tlie  merits  of  the  American  army,  dur 
int'-  the  late  war  :  but  tiie  obvious  policy  and  design 
in  fl-jii'.g  an  efficient  milii  irv  peace  es'-ubiishmcnt, 
did  not  afibrd  an  opportunity  to  diiitingrush  the 
aged  and  iidirm,  on  account  of  then"  past  services; 
nor  the  wounded  and  disabled,  on  account  of  iheir 
present  suffering-s.  Tiie  extent  of  the  reduction  in- 
deed itnavoidably  involved  the  exclusion  of  many  me 


estimated  at  the  sum    ot 

Independent,  however,  o^"  t'le  arreaivg'es  d'iC  for 
military  ser'.'ices  and  supplies,  it  is  prctHinicd,  that 
I.  further  sum  of  live  mi'dions  of  doilar.j,  iricludint;' 
■■lie  interest  on  the  public  debtp:iyable  on  the  1st  of 
J  munry  next,  will  be  dem.mded  at  die  treasury  to 
complete  tlie  expenditures  of  the  present  year,  and 
for  which  the  existhicc  wnvs  and  means  will  suiii- 
cicntly  provide. 

Tlie  n.itional  debt,  as    it  wr^s  ascertained  on  the 
l.;t  of  Octo1)er   last,  amoir.ited  in  tlie  vrhole  to  tl-.e 
suia  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  millions  of  dollars, 
consisting-  of  the  unredeemed  balance  of  ttic  debt 
contrrcted  before  the  late  war,  (thirty -nine  millions 
of  do'il.irs)  the  amount  of  the  funded  debt  conir-iC- 
ed  in  consequence  of  the   war,  (sixty-u)ur  millions 
of  dollars)  and  ti;e  amount  of  the    unfmded   and 
lloatinj,-  debt  (ineludin;^  the  various  issues  of  trea- 
sury notes)  seventeen  millions  of  dollars,  which  is 
in  a  grxduKl  coui-se  of  payment.    There  will,  proba- 
bly, be  some  adiiiiion  to  thapnblic  debt,  upon  the 
liq:il!l'<'ion  of  v.ti-iou!!  claims,  v/lucli  are  dcpendi-':^  ; 
aad  a  conciliatory  disjiosition  on  the  part  of  c  m- 
p'i-ess  may  lead  honorably  and  advaiitngeori-sly  to  au 
equitable  arrani^ement  of  the  militia  expences,  in- 
curred by  tire  seve;-al  states,  widiout  the  previous 
Sanction  or  authority   of    the  governn-.cnt  of  the 
United  States  :  lli;t,  vriien  it  is  considered  tl;ai  thf:: 
ne-,v,  as  well  as  tlie  old,  portion  of  tlie  debt  lias  been 
contrs-cted  in  the  assertion  of  the  national  rie;ht;^ 
and  independence  5.  and.  when  it  is  recjilecfed,  tliat 
tlie  public  expenditures,  not  being-  exclusively  bc- 


riioiious  oilicers  of  every  rank,  f-om  tlie  service  of!  stowed  upon  subjects  of  a  transient  nature,  will  lor 


theu- country;  and  so  equal,  as  well  as  so  numerous, 
were  the  claims  to  attention,  Uiat  a  decision  by  the 
standard  of  compar»itive  merit,  could  seulom  be  at- 
tained. Judg-ed,  however,  in  candor,  by  a  general 
standard  of  posiiive  meiit,  the  army  re,.jisier  will  it 
is  bciicvet!,  do  iionor  to  the  establishment;  v/hile  the 
caseoft.tose  oincers,  wiiose names  are  not  included 
in  it,  devolves,  with  the  strongest  interest,  upontlic 
legishitive  authoi'ity,  for  suck  provision  as  shal:  be 
deemed  the  best  calculated  to  give  support  and 
solace  to  the  veteran  and  invalid  lO  display  the 
bcneliciiice,  as  well  as  the  justice  of  the  :^-overnmeni; 
and  to  irisi)ire  a  martial  ze;d  for  the  public  service 
upon  every  future  emerg-ency. 

Alllioiigh  the  embarr:issments  arising-  from  the 
want  of  .ui  uniform  national  currency  have  not  been 
diminished,  since  tlie  adjournment  of  congress, 
great  satisfaction  has  been  derived,  in  conteiiipLiting 
IJic  revival  of  t;ie  [lublic  credit,  and  tiie  eiliciency  of 
the  public  resources.  The  receipts  into  the  trea- 
sury, from  the  various  liranches  of  revenue,  during 
the  nine  montlis  ending  on  tlie  30th  of  September 
last,  have  been  estimated  at  twelve  millions  and  a 
half  of  ilullars  ;  the  issues  of  tieasurv  notes  of  eve- 
ry denomination,  during  tlie  riame  joerio-.i,  amouate  "t 
to  the  sum  yf  fourtefjn  millions  of  dollarj ;  am.!  there 
Was  also  obtained  upo.i  loan,  during  the  same  peri 
od,  a  sum  of  nine  millions  of  dollars  ;  of  which  the 
sum  of  six  ir.illians  of  iloUars  vv".is  subsr-.rlbed  i;i 
cash,  and  the  r/.im  of  three  millions  of  doli.irs  v.. 
treasury  notes.  With  tlicsc  means,  added  to  the 
$tuii  of  one  milllo;-.  and  a  hnlf  of  dollar-,  'or-ing  llic 


be  visible   in  t!ie  number  ai;d  equijjments  of  the 


•iierican  navv,  in  themiiit. 


'J 


wo 


;  ks  tor  the  defence 


of  our  harbors  and  our  frontiers,  and  m  tlie  si.ppiics 
of  our  arsenals  and  magazines  ;  the  araount  will 
be;:r  a  gr.tcirying  comparison  v.ith  tiie  objects  v/hich 
have  been  attained,  as  v/eil  as  with  the  resources  of 
tlie  country. 

T:;C  arv..ngcnient  of  the  finances,  with  a  viev/  to 
the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  a  permanent  peace 
estj)ilshment.  will  necessarily  enter  into  the  d.cli- 
ber.itions  of  comcfess  during  the  present  scission. — 
li  is  Iruetliat  the  improved  condition  of  the  puhhc 
revenue  will  not  only  aitbrd  the  mear.s  of  maiuiain- 


ing-  tlie  faitli  of  the 


widi  its  creditors 


inviolate,  and  of  prosecuting,  successfully,  the  mea- 
sures of  the  most  liberal  policj' ;  but  will,  r.iio, 
justify  an  immcdi;-te  alleviation  of  the  burthens  im- 
posed by  the  iitccssii-ies  of  vise  war.  It  is,  uovv'evcr, 
cSov-T.tLd  to  c'.cry  modiiication  of  the  fin^inces,  that 
ciie  benefits  of  an  unirurm  nadiir^al  curiency  slioaltl 
be  restored  to  the  cou:in!mily.  The  absence  of  tlii; 
precious  metals  will,  it  is  believed,  be  a  temporary 
evil ;  but,  until  tliey  can  be  ajj-ain  rendered  t'le  ge- 
neral medium  of  exchange,  it  devolves  on  the  v.'is- 
dom  of  congress,  to  provide  a  substitute,  wliicii 
shall  equally  engage  the  coitfideiicc,  ;;.id  accon'.'.'n;>- 
d.ite  the  wants,  of  the  citizens  throughout  tiic  univ);;. 
If  the  operation  of  the  state  banks  cannoc  produce 
this  result,  the  probable  operation  of  a  uatio^ial 
1  merit  considerathyii  ;    and,   if  nei'dicr  of 


lianii  will 


ihe^e  expedients  be  d.^.^emcd   cRectuuI,  it  may  be- 


come nccesHarv  to  ascertr 


ub-'-i  Vviucil 


256    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGIi^TER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  9,  1815, 


■flie  notes  of  t!ie  ^•ovenr,Ticn''.,  (no  longer  required  as 
an  instrument  of  credit)  shall  be  issued,  upon  mo- 
tives of  general  policy,  as  a  common  medium  of 
circulation. 

TvTotiivitiist.indin.c^  the  security  for  fiitare  repose, 
whifh  tlie  United  States  ouc^lit  to  find  in  their  love 
of  peace,  and  their  constant  respect  far  tlie  ri'rhts 
of  other  nations,  the  cliaracter  of  the  tisTics  ps.rticu- 
larlv  inculcates  the  lesson,  that,  whether  to  prevent 
or  repel  danger,  we  ouelit  not  to  be  unprepared  for 
It.  This  considerrition  will  su-fficicntly  recommend 
to  cong'ress  a  liberal  ])rovisioii  for  the  .readii-le  ex- 
tension, and  gradual  r omnletion,  ol    r.e  works  of 


defence,  botli  fixed  knd  floating,  on  our  maritime 
frontier;  and  an  adequate  provi'-iion  for  guarding 
our  inland  frontier,  against  dangers  to  which  certain 
por'ions  of  it  mi<y  coTiin'ie  to  Ijc  exposed. 

As  an  improvement  on  our  military  establishment, 
5t  will  deserve  the  consideration  of  cong-ress,  whe- 
ther a  corps  of  invalids  might  not  he  so  organized 
pnd  employed,  as  at  once  to  aid  in  the  support  of 
meritorious  individiml.**  excluded  bv  age  or  i'lfir- 
3Tiities,  from  the  existing  establislun'i'nt,  and  to  ])re- 
Ecrve  to  the  public,  the  benefit  of  their  stationary 
services,  and  of  their  cxemphiry  disciydiae.  I  re- 
commend, alfio,  an  enlargement  of  the  U'iiitary  aca- 
demy, already  establish  eel,  and  tiie  establishment  of 
cth.ers  in  otlicr  sections  of  the  union.  And  I  can- 
not press  too  muc!i  on  the  attention  of  congress, 
sucli  a  classification  vuid  organization  of  the  ;niiit:a, 
as  will  most  ef[ectu?d?y  render  it  the  safeguard  of  a 
free  state.  If  ex]ierience  has  shev.-n  in  the  late 
splendid  achievements  of  militia,  tlie  value  of  this 
resource  for  the  p\!blic  dcrencc,  it  l;as  shen-n,  also, 
the  importance  of  tlsat  skill  in  the  use  of  arms,  and 
that  f  uniliarity  with  tlie  essential  ndes  of  discipline, 
■which  cannot  be"  expected  from  the  i-egnlations 
now  in  force.  With  this  suliject  is  intimately  con- 
nected l!:enccessityof  accommodating  tlie  lav.s,  in 
every  respect,  to  tlie  great  object  of  enabling  the 
political  authority  of  the  union,  to  employ,  promnt- 
ly  and  efiectiuiliy,  the  pliysical  power  of  the  union, 
in  the  cases  designated  by  the  constilulion. 

Tiie  signal  services  wliiclihave  been  rendererl  by 
our  uavy,  and  the  cap.->ci'ies  it  lias  developed  fiv 
successful  co-operalion  in  the  n;-.tional  defence, 
•will  give  to  tliat  portion  of  the  public  force  its  uiii 
value  in  the  ej'es  of  congress,  at  an  epoch  v.'hicti 
c.alls  for  the  constant  vigihince  of  all  governments. 
To  ]r.-eserve  tlic  ^liips  now  in  a  sound  sbitc;  to  cmi- 
plcte  those  already  contemplated;  tojjrovifle  amply 
the  imperishable  materhds  f»)r  prompt  aiigir.enta- 
tions,  and  to  improve  the  existing  arrangements  in- 
to more  advantageous  establishments,  for  the  con- 
struction, the  repairs,  and  the  security  of  vessels  of 
war,  is  dictated  by  tlie  soundest  policy. 

In  adjusting  the  duties  on  imports,  to  the  object 
of  revenife,  the  intluence  of  tiie  tariff  on  manuf..c- 
tures,  will  necessarily  present  itself  for  considera- 
tion. However  wise  the  theory  may  be,  which 
leaves  to  the  sagacity  and  interest  of  individuals  the 
appiicatiop.  of  their  indu-.try  and  resources,  tJiere  are 
in  tliis,  as  in  ot'icr  cases,  exceptions  to  tlie  general 
rule.  Besides  the  condition  which  t.he  th-*>ry  it- 
self implies,  of  a  reciprocal  adoption  by  other  na- 
tion.j,  experience  teaches  that  so  m;;ny  circumstan- 
ces must  occur  in  i^itroducing  and  maturing  r  anu- 
f-ictuiing  est.iblishments,  especially  of  tiie  more 
t'-.irrqilicated  kinds,  that  a  country  ili.ay  remair  ong 
Miiiioiit  them,  aiti;ough  sufHcitntiy  advanced  and 
3n  so;ne  respects  even  j)eeu!iariy  fitted  for  c;U'rying 
tiiei..  on  with  success.  Under  circumstances  giv- 
x'ga  pov.erfui  impulse  to  manufacturing  iiulustry, 
■i'.  h..s  aiude  anicnjj"  us  a  progress,  and  exhibited  £Ui 


efficiency,  v/hicli  justify  the  belief,  that  witii  a  pro. 
tection  not  more  tlian  is  due  to  the  enterprisine- 
citizens  whose  interests  are  now  at  stake,  it  will 
become,  at  an  early  day,  not  only  safe  against  occa- 
sional competitions  from  abroad,  buth,  source  of  do- 
mestic wealth,  and  even  of  external  comnicrcc  In 
selecting  the  branches  more  especially  entitled  to 
the  public  patronage,  a  preference  "is  obviously 
claimed  by  such  as  will  relieve  the  United  Slates 


from  a  dependence  on  foreign  supidies,  ever  siili. 
ject  to  casual  f.dlures,  for  articles  necessary  forthg 
imblic  deter.ce,  or  connected  with  th.e  primaiy 
w.ints  of  individuals.  It  will  be  an  additional  re. 
commendation  of  particular  m.uiuf  .ctures,  where 
the  m;iteriais  Cov  them  are  extensively  di-awn  .'"rom 
our  agriculture,  and  consequently  inuiart  ;ind  en- 
sure to  tliat  great  fund  of  national  pvosperiiy  .jid 
independence,  an  encouragement  wliicli  cannot  fail 
to  be  rewarded. 

Among  the  means  of  advancing  the  public  inte* 
rest,  th,c  occasion  is  a  proper  one  for  recalling  the 
attention  of  congress  to  the  great  importance  of 
estaliiishing  tluoug-hout  our  country,  the  roads  and 
canals  which  can  best  be  executed,  under  the  na- 
clonal  authority.  Kg  objects  witliiu  the  circle  of 
political  economy  so  richly  repay  the  expence  be- 
stov.-ed  on  them;  there  are  none,  tlie  utility  of 
'.vhich  is  more  universally  ascertained  and  acknow- 
ledged; none  that  do  more  honor  to  t!ic  govern- 
ment, wjiose  wise  and  enlarged  p.atriotism  duly  ap. 
predates  them.  Nor  is  tliere  any  country  which 
presents  afield,  where  nature  invites  more  the  art 
of  man,  to  complete  her  own  work'for  his  accomr 
modation  and  benefit.  These  considerations  are 
strengthened,  moreover,  by  the  political  efi'ect  of 
these  facilities  for  interconimunicatioH,  in  bringing 
.md  binding  more  closely  together  tiie  various  partSi 
of  our  extended  confederacy.  Vv'ldist  the  states, 
individuatiy,  with  a  laudable  enterprize  and  emula- 
tion, avail  themselves  of  their  local  advantages,  by 
new  roads,  by  navigable  canals,  and  by  improving 
die  streams  susceptible  of  navigation,  the  general 
government  is  the  more  urged  to  similar  undertak- 
ings, rcquiriiip;  a  national  jurisdiction,  and  nalional. 
oceans,  by  tiic  prospect  of  ilms  systematically  com- 
pleting so  inestimable  a  work.  And  it  is  a  happy 
leflc-ciion,  tliatany  defect  of  constitutional  authori-, 
ty  wliich  may  be  encountered,  can  be  supplied  in  l^ 
mode  which  the  constitution  itself  has  providently 
..■ointcd  out. 

I'he  ])resent  is  a  favorable  season  also  for  bring^- 
ing  again  into  view  the  establishment  of  a  natiop.il 
seminary  of  Icarnhig  v.dthin  the  district  of  Coliim- 
bi.i,  and  with  meiuis  drawn  from  the  property  tiiere- 
in,  svdiject  to  tlie  authority  of  the  general  govern- 
ment. Such  an  iiistitution  chiims  tJie  patronage  of 
congi-es?.  as  a  monument  of  their  solicitude  for  the 
advancc;nent  of  knowledge,  without  which  the 
blessing's  of  liberty  cannot  be  fully  enjoyed,  or 
long  preserved;  as  a  model  instructive  in  the  for- 
mation of  other  seminaries;  as  amu-sery  of  enlight- 
ened preceptors;  as  a  central  resort  of  youth  und 
genius  from  every  part  of  tlielr  country,  difi'usingon 
their  return,  examples  of  those  national  feelings, 
those  liberal  sentiments,  and  tJiose  congenial  man- 
ners, v.'hich  contribute  cement  to  our  u'uon  and 
strength  to  tlie  political  fabric,  ofv.hich  tliatis  the 
found. ition. 

l:i  closint"  tliis  comm.uniratiDii,  I  ou.g!;t  not  tore- 

•4-1/1 

press  a  sensibility,  in  vvhicli  you  will  uiii'e,  to  tne 
happy  lot  of  our  countr}',  and  to  the  goodness  of  a 
suiHiintending  Providence  to  wliich  we  arc  indebt- 
ed for  it.  "SVhiist  other  portions  of  mankind  are  la- 
boring- under  the  distresses  of  war,  or  strug-glingT 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


257 


tUli  adversity  in  other  forms,  the  United  Stales 
are  in  the  tranquil  enjoyment  of  prosperoiiy  and 
honnnible  pe  xe.  In  reviewing  tlie  scenes  throug-'.i 
which  it  has  been  attained,  we  can  rejoice  n\  the 
proofs  given,  that  our  poiiticai  institutionK,  found- 
ed in  human  rigliis,  and  framed  for  tlieir  preserva- 
tion, arc  equal  to  tlie  severest  trials  of  wai;  iia  well 
as  adapted  to  the  ordinary  periods  of  repose.  As 
fl-uits  of  this  expeiience,  and  of  the  reputatloa  ac- 
quired by  tlie  American  arms,  on  the  laud  and  on 
the  water,  the  nation  ihids  itself  possessed  of  a 
gro-.viDg  respect  abroad,  and  of  a  just  confileacc 
in  itself,  which  are  amonijthe  best  piedy.es  for  its 
peaceful  cai-eer.  Under  otlier  aspects  of  om- 
countrv,  the  stront^est  features  of  its  flourishing- 
condition  are  seen,  in  a  population  i-apidly  increasing-, 
on  a  territory  as  productive  as  it  is  extensive;^  in 
a  g-eueral  indusU-y,  and  fertile  ingenuity,  -wliicli 
find  tlieir  ample  rewio-ds;  and  in  an  aMluent  revc- 
hue,  which  admite  a  reduction  of  the  public  bur- 
thens, wiLliout  withdrawing'  the  means  of  sustaining;' 
tlie  public  credit;  of  g-radually  discharging-  the 
public  tl^ebt,  of  providing  for  the  necessary  defen- 
sive and  precautionary  establishment-s,  and  of  pa- 
troni;3i!ig  In  every  authorized  mode,  undertakings 
condLtciVe  to  tjie"  aggregate  wealth  and  individual 
cdrnfoi't  of  our  citizens. 

It  rcmaius  for  the  guardians  of  the  public  wel- 
fare, to  persevere  in  that  justice  and  good  will  to- 
wards otiier  nations,  whicli  invite  a  returu  of  these 
seniiments  towards  the  United  States;  to  cherish 
iiisiitutions  whicii  guarantee  their  safety  and  tHch- 
libercies,  civil  and  religious;  and  to  combine  with  a 
liberal  system  of  foreign  commerce,  an  improve- 
ment of  the  natural  advantages,  and  a  protection 
and  extension  of  the  independent  resources  of  our 
hig-hly  t-avored  and  happy  country. 

In  all  measures  having  such  objects,  my  faithful 
to-operation  will  be  allbrded. 

JAMES  MADISOX. 

Washinjto;!,  Bee.  5,   1315. 

Wed:iesda;j  Dec.  6. — A  petition  from  Boston,  pray- 
ing a  repeal  of  tlie  duty  on  hats — and  a  memorial 
from  tlie  inhabitants  of  the  JlLssii-sipfd  territory, 
praying-  admlssicni  into  tiie  luiiuu,  were  presented, 
and  referred. 

On  nioti(5n  of  .Mr.   Tayh/r  of  New  York,  tlie  liouse 
proceeded  to  the  a-ppoincment  of  the  standing-  com 
mittees. 

The  house  being  resolved  into  a  committee  of  t!.e 
wiiole  on  the  stale  of  the  union — Mr.  Coiulit  in  the 
chair, 

Mr.  Ti/^/or  moved  a  reference  of  Hie  several  parts 
of  tlie  presidents  message    to  committees  aa  foi 
lows : — 

.  Th.1t  part  which  relates  to  foreign  aff.drs  ;  tlxat 
which  relates  tu  the  military  peace  estaliUshment ; 
thatv.'hich  relates  to  naval  ah'airs,  to  the  establish 
iient  of  an  uuifirm  national  cui-rency,  to  the  making 
of  ror.ds  and  canals,  to  t!ie  establishment  of  a  na- 
tional seminary  in  the  District  of  Colum.bia,  and  to 
the  clas-sification  and  organization  of  the  milita- 
ty — all  severally  referred  to  select  comniivtecs. 
That  part  whicii  relates  to  an  alleviation  oi'the  bur- 
dens hnposed  under  tiie  necessities  created  by  the 
War  aiul  to  the  revenue,  to  the  oomnuctee  of  ways 
andmeans  ;  and  tliat  whicli  relates  to  manufactures, 
to  tiie  committee  of  commerce  and  manufactures. 
Mr.  Taijlo-  then  moved  that  the  several  coni- 
jnittees  .--o  appoli.ieJ,  sliould  have  leave   to  report 


Thumdaif,  Dec.  8.  The  standing  Committee^ 
were  appointed  as  usual — a  list  of  them  shall  be  in- 
•ertcd  in  our  next. 

Mr.  Lowndes  made  a  favorable  report  for  accept- 
ing the  house  prepared  by  tlie  citizens  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  congress  ;  the  house  agreed  thereto 
Mid  jiassed  a  bill  accordingly. 

The  Rev.  Spencer  Cone  v,-as  appointed   chaplain. 

The  annual  re]>urt  of  the  secretary  of  tlie  ti-easui>y 
was  received  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 

IN  SEXATE. 

Thursday  Dec.  7. — The  bill  from  the  house  au- 
thorising the  president  to  lease  the  new  building 
on  Capitol  hill  for  the  accommodation  of  congi-ess, 
was  read  tlu-ee  times  and  passed. 

Two  other  members  appeared,  vi/.  S-om  Ohio, 
Mr.  Morrow;  from  Conncctieut,  Mr.  Dana. 


■'i*.i'V.....: 


l>y  bill  ^■!- 

i"he  proceedmgs  ia 
uie  house. 


w^hich  was 
COrr^'^w-.-C 


g-rantcd. 
Wei-dU'.'- 


•eed  to  b'l 


Foreign  Articles. 

IMar'shal  Oudinot  has  been  appointed  commanded* 
In  diief  of  the  national  gu^u-d  of  Paris. 

It  has  been  agi-eed  tliat  Lucien  and  Louis  fiona- 
parte  may  reside  at  Rome — Joseph  in  Russia. 

The  Parisian  punsters  call  Jilucher,  their  friend 
Plmcher,  (the  most  dear,  or  one  that  cost  them 
most.)  Bkicher  in  a  letter  to  his  sovereign,  speak- 
ing of  France,  says,  "tliis  </t'ies<ef/ nation." 

Several  frames  of  houses  have  been  shipped  froni 
England  for  St.  Helena. 

It  is  said  the  allies  contemplate  the  restoration  of 
Gustavus  to  tiie  throne  of  Sweden. 

A  new  nation  is  talked  of,  to  be  formed  from  some 
of  the  French  and  German  territories  ;  to  be  called 
the  kingdom  of  the  lllune — the  archduke  Charles  to 
be  the  sovereign. 

Personal  attachment.  The  Polish  colonel  Plstov/- 
ski,  (says  a  London  paper,  of  Oct.  TtU)  who  had  so- 
licited and  obtained  permission  to  join  Bonapai-te 
at  the  island  of  St.  Helena,  set  out  in  the  brig  of 
Will-  Cormorant,  which  has  sailed  for  the  island. 

'flie  f.^milies  nf  the  late  marshal  Brune  and  geti. 
Labedoyere,  were  about  emigrating  to  the  United 
States  ;  a-id  marshal  Ney,  it  is  said,  would  foUo\ir 
with  ids  household,  oh  his  expected  acquittal. 

A  panipiilet  has  j;ist  been  publi.-;hed,  by  Debus* 
scher,  at  Ghent,  eatitie.l  "Doubts  to  be  cleared  V[i 
respecting  t;;e  birtii  of  the  son  of  l\Lipoleon." 

A  letter  from  tlie  e.x-minisiers  to  Loius  XVIII.  on 
their  re::ignation,  had  been  transmitted  to  England 
for  publicaiion,  as  it  could  not  be  hiscrted  in  any  of 
the  enslaved  gazettes  of  France. 

AVr  Geur^-d  Prevoat  Was  to  be  tried  by  a  court  mar-' 
tial.  The  charges  preferred  against  him  are  said 
to  be,  for  advising  cipt.  Dowr.ie  tu  attack  tlie  Ame- 
rican squadron  on  lake  Champlain,  when  it  v/as  isn- 
prudent  so  to  di)  without  tiie  co-operation  of  thi 
land  forccj,  and  for  not  having  alio  ;'ed  tliat  co-ope- 
ration— Ibr  not  stormliig  the  American  works  o;i- 
shoi-e,  at  the  commeiicoment  of  tiie  actio:i — for 
haviiig  tliireg-ai'dcd  the  signal  for  co-operatioi> 
which  h;id  been  previouslv  ascrced  on  ;  and  for  not 
having  ait;icked  the  enemy  on  siiore,  eithei^  durir.;.; 
the  said  n.ival  action  or  after  it  v/as  ended,  whereby 
the  squ.ulron  migiith'.ive  been  saved. 

Ut'v(ista:io/i  of.ll.iiicc.  The  emperor  of  Ru.ssia  ha.* 
ordered  lists  to  be  made  out  of  the  widov.s  and 
orplians  .and  of  the  peasan.is  in  Ahace,  whose  villa- 
ges iiuve  becjv  destroyed  by  the  events  of  tlie  war. 
Routes  are  delivered  to  those  wlio  clioOoC  to  repair 
to  iias.^ia.  Tire  greater  part  proceed  to  the  Tau- 
i\-ida.  [The  peop'.e  of  Alsace  are  chieiiy  protc;;- 
tauts,  and  ihcv  have  sul.^ered  excessively.  There 
^u-e  UKiny  t!.in^^s  to  ba  approved  oi'lu  Ale$-.Jider.] 


^'58    ^'ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATLTRDAY,  DECEMBER  9,  1815. 

JZxtract  rf  a  letter  from  Bo)'(kavx,  dated  S:'J)tembrr  iSome  of  tlicse  .-ippenr  perpetually  ceded — others 

30   1815. "The  alik-a  are   bejjinning;  to  strip  tliciare  to  be  g^arrisoned  for  live  years. 

l.cuvre  of  all  its  proudest  ornaments,  iuul  I  mnchj  Tlic  Jlrji'-'i  soldiers  at  Dieppe  liave  been  attack- 
fc:u-,  that  soon  hut  li.xle  -n-iii  rciiiaii  of  that  or.cf  [cd  by  tlic  French  "pntrinfR''  (as  they  would  have 
imiu'cn-e  display  of  imperial  niy^nificence  and  taste,  j  been  esteemed  if  the  thing-  had  happened  in  Spain) 
but  the  bare  wails.  I  iook  up^m  iius  disincmbcrmenthvith  kiiives  or  any  other  tvenpon  they  could  lay 
cf  ti'.earts,  as  one  of  the  g'reatest  cal..mitieri  attend- 
ing- the  overthrow  of  Napoleon.  Tlic  dispersion  of 
tiiCof  gi-eat  monument-s  of  art  overall  tbe  conniiries 
of  C  jrope,  will  render  dinicult  to  ali,  t-nd  impractica- 


jrop  ,  „  -  . 

ble  to  most  travellers,  the  gratincarion  of  .i  liberal 
c'.nio-.iLy,  vvhicii  before  might  have  oeen  indulg-cd 
wiiian  t':e  precincts  of  a  citj-.  A  military  execauon 
too!:  piiice  Sicrc  on  tiie  2/th  inst.  under  circumstan- 
ces ])eciLliariy  interesting- : — Two  g-enerals  of  Bona- 
parte's old  :;rmy — twin  lirothers — men  who  had  ne- 
Vcrheen  separated  from  the  moment  of  theu-  birtii, 
•^th.c  rose'n-ibl:,nce  so  s'.ronfy  between  them  that 
thev  couid  ;;cArcely  be  distin;>uishcdfrom  each  other 
-their  at^achmcnt'so  e.xtr.iordlnary,  and  so  coinpielc 
a  coincidence  of  opinion,  even  on  the  most  trirlhig- 
subiects,  that  tiiey  vicre  scs  icely  ever knouii  to  act 
spp;»vatel'y  or  dress  diiferenily. 

"  Tney  were  condemned  to  death  for  aiLherence 
to  I5ou:i.p  ute  af  er  the  return  of  uie  king-- 
whicii  hiiiulrcds  of  tiiousands  have  been  ij^uilty  of— 
but  bein;<  men  of  tale;its,  fortune  and  induence,  they 
were  peculi.irW  obnoxious  to  die  i'orueiais.  Tiiey 
died  as  brave  men  oniy  cm.     Taeymarcned  with  a 


hold  of  nuttranf|uiiify,  by  the  aid  of  the  inilitii- 
ry,  hud  been  restored. 

S/K'cu'.  The  price  of  specie  has  rapidly  fallen  iti 
England  Dollars,  at  Liverpool,  Oct.  i9,'5s.  Sd.  per 
ounce — which  is  about/<ar. 

J\hirat.  We  have  now  a  report  tliat  jVIurat  is  or- 
gan! zing- an  insuiTcction  in  Corsica. 

The  count  Lob:\u  (gen.  JMonthon)  has  been  sent 
from  England,  to  Ostend,  to  be  delivered  to  the 
Prussians,  who  demand  him  as  a.  pri.-funer.  Prussia, 
then,  is  still  at  war  with  r  rnnce! 

Tlie  lmi'an.\Acs  are  to  f.)rm  a  republic  under  the 
proieclior,.  of  Great  Jirituin. 

The  crnperor  of  Uwssia,  it  seems  fiirly  to  be  un- 
ders;ood,  was  the  brurier  to  the  annihilation,  as  it 
■were,  of  the  French  nation,  by  the  rap.icious  Prus- 
sians and  Hritisii.  The  Litter  wouhl  have  every 
thing,  j>»!Siibie,  bcioiiging- (o  commerce  and  manii- 
criine  f.iciures;  the  other  .vo'dd  h.ave  every  thinp-. 

Toe  late  gn-nd  roviev.-ofhis  troops,  was  consIv>r- 
ed  iji  Fr;mce  as  a  /jo/;2i\.i//manceuvre,to  g-ive  weijjht 
to  Ills  verbi-i  communications  on  the  su:)ject  of  the 
treaty  imposed;  w.hich   is  severe  e'.io;i.;iii,   !);it,  vvc 


I 


fi!".-a  step  to  the  place  of  execution — would  allow  no  believe,  would  have  been  much  more  so,  if  heh 


b.vnjar^c  over  their  eyes — c:.vriea  ilie  iioop.s  uirou^'ii 
til  ir  '  xercisf — gave"  the  fatal  word,  and  bodi  fell  at 
t.ie  s  .me  moment.  Tiiey  entered  tlie  world  togetuer, 
■<^  ere  never  separated"  thi-ough  life,  and  quitted  it  at 
tlie  same  moment." .V.  J'.  I^ve.  J-'ost 

J,o'<ed'ji^'rc.  A  letter  from  Paris  5ays,  "a  Frenca 
colonel  ofinfantiy  was  ordered  to  command  the  de- 
tachment which  was  to'execiuc  tue  sentence  ofLa- 
bcdovcre.  lie  refused,  and  said  he  would  sooner 
be  shot  himself.  Tor  this  act  of  disobedience,  he 
■wa'-i  iinmediiitely  di.-imisse<l  tlie  service,  and  a  non- 
commissioned Oilicer  commanded  the  party  which 
shot  the  dednquent.  Several  persons  in  piain 
clothes,  when  Ldiedoyere  had  expircdj  rushed  Liio 
the  circle,  and  dipoetl  tlieir  h.uuliierciiiefs  into  the 
bl0';d." 

Gen''r(d  P'irUer.  The  fate  of  this  interesting  man, 
v.'ho  made  the  ':ite  attempt  in  Spidn  to  rid  iuicoun 
In,'  of  the  fools  antl  villains  w/io  govern,  is  certain- 
ly sealetl.  He  v.'a:i  put  to  deati'.,  af ler  several  cUi_\'a 
e.^iJOJure  to  tlie  ])cUing.s  of  a  bigocted  mob,  insti- 
^H^tedl'V  "lioly  f.itiiers"  in  the  cJuirch,  monk;3  and 
iriars.  it  is  tr^dy  iavigiiable  to  sec  to  wU.it  the  stu- 
pid (or  bl.isphemou.s)  dpanish  autlicnntic.j  attribute 
the  want  of  sacce:::i  of  Forlicr — tl'-.ey  ; 


_  at'r.-iljnie  it  lo 
the  "most  ho.'j  vir/jiu  nj't/if;  Huntir!}!''  .is  cu.riosties, 
;;-i  v/eil  as  for  record,  Sjine  of  their  pioci^unations 
on  f'.;eiiiat>"  the  irisurrcction,  as  weil  r.s  thotje  of  For- 
iier,  &c.  lo  e.^-^  e  it,  siiali  be  inserted 


T;:e  gene- 


ral was  aband«;ned  by  some  of  t!ie  troops  that  uati  I  of  people 


not  interfered  in  a  manner  that  commaiuled  atten- 
tion. 

An  -'Jgerine  force  lately  landed  between  Rome 
and  N..pies,  and  took  much  property  and  many  pri- 
souers. 

Spain  sdllrefuses  to  r.atify  the  act  of  the  cong-ress 
of  Vienna;  and  Portugal  has  not  decided. 

\  i-evolution  has  taken  place  in  Smyrna;  tlieDey 
deposed,  and  a  regency  appointed. 

The  accounts  of  the  duke  of  Wellington  liaviiijj 
been  lately  hooted  out  of  tiie  king  of  France's  box 
at  the  Italian  tueatre,  in  Paris,  is  perfectly  cor- 
reel.  Tills  box  is  exclusively  reserved  for  the  roy- 
al family;  and  it  seeems  that  the  duke  liavinggone 
to  tlie  theatre  in  compliment  to  Catrdina,  her  has* 
b.uitl  showeil  him  into  it,  he  not  knovvin;--  whose  it 
was. 

Many  of  the  adherents  of  Bon.iparte,  among  whom 
are  several  silk  inanufac'urers,  were  preparing  to 
emigrate  to  the  United  States, 

The  French  have  nicknamed  Louis  XVIII.  I'lnevii 
tnhh: — the  Ihiavoiilable. 

Tile  l^omlon  p:'.pers  mention,  that  letters  from  the 
Frciicii  ports  state,  that  the  emigration  is  greater 
from  France  than  ever  was  known.  Every  ve.->scl 
tiiat  quits  a  French  port  direct  for  America,  is  losdn 
ed  with  arti,r;ms,  manuftctiu-ers,  and  people  of  pro- 
perty. The  billc  weavers,  qnitthig  their  native  coun- 
try, are  more  numerous  tlian  any  oilier  description 


just  joined  him;  trembfing,  perh.aps  ,at  fear  of  ven- 
,St.  Pocomi'i  broeches,"  and  g'iven  n\> 
p.r.y.  II ii  second  iii  commantl  ha.s 
L.l.'.nd,  antl  :>cveraiof  his  followers  uia 


i^'tance  trom 
TO  ihe  prie;j 
e.^c.iped  to  1: 


jhferioronicer.-^  iiave  been  executed.. 

The  rrench  forlrcunii  un<iersii/od  to  be  ceded  to 
the  aliicrj  by  the  late  treaty,  are  Landuu,  Sarre- 
l.oui.i,  Phiippcville,  Mariei-;i;urg',  Yerspix,  Yalen- 
cicnnes,  Conde,  Mauberc-c,  Landrecy,  Le  »iiic.snoy, 
<vani!jrj}',  (jivot,  (Jiiarlciont,  Mer.ieres,  aedan,  ilu- 
c;-oy,  >,ion  rnedl,  AvesJies,  Tiioinvi'de,  Long-.vy, 
iU'.ciie  a^,  1  Fort  .Lo;ij.i,  and  perliup's  otlicrs.  iMost 
of  tiiesc  arc  >very  strong  ];laces,  antl  completely 
hed.-e  in   France,   to  .secure    Iwr — iHd-l-iii-ul'nsc. — 


.Miiitaru  tribicuii.  The  dukcof  Belluna  (Victor) 
a;Kl  generals  Lauriston,  Ilortle,  Soult,  .tntl  gen.  tlic 
prince  of  Urogjie,  &.c.  have  been  .nppoir.tcd  for  the 
trial  of  all  military  ollences  committetl  in  France 
tl'iiing  die  late    "  i;surp.ttion." 

Taxation.  Ry  a  le'.ter  from  Cordc.iux  it  r.ppeiiri 
that  the  ,,i/)?t'/-/c.j/is  Wiio  happened  '.o  Ijc  tlurc,  wtr^' 
most  heavily  taxed  towards  paying  t'lc  contriliii- 
tions  levied  by  the  aides  for  "delivering"  France  !— 
Some  of  tiieiii  liave  pai<l  from  8  to  12,00J  tVi»ncs! 
This  is  a  sort  of  robbery  that  if  it  l.ad  I'een  done 
by    .Yupnteun   Ji'mupcrti;  woiild   have    been  triim- 

potted  toidl  the  world n<s  U  I.,  i^tt-K-ctl  i>Mi^ 

jW  ii-i-3  "h'iiitiniutej,^'  ■ 


NILES  WEEKLY  REGISTRR  -  FORFIGN  x\RTCLES. 


259 


Carrot.  In  :ill  tlie  changes  of  Fi-iince  this  man 
has  commanded  respect  and  attention,  it  is  ,-itiai.'(l 
tliat  the  emperor  of  Russiii,  of  his  o'vn  accord,  of- 
fered hi'Ti  an  nsUiini  in  his  states,  vvi.ieh  lie  de- 
clined, lie  is  also"  said  to  have  sent  him  n  safe^-uurd 
in  whJcl'.  he  g-uarantees  his  security  ! 
Extt-acln  from  tkt;  answer  of  the  pikers  and  deputies  to 
the  Frerich  khiff's  speech  : 

Bif  the  peers. — "  A'tl  the  peers,  sire,  feel  the  duties 
which  the  sacreuiiess  of  the  fvmciions,  joined  to  the 
honor  of  your  choice,  imposes  upon  'Lhem.  Ueredi- 
tarif  coviM>'lhiv>i  of  the  crown,  born  defenders  of  the 
rights  and  libercies  of  the  people,  supreme  judges 
ofattempto  which  menace  the  security  of  ihe  throne 
and  die  state,  v/e  will,  sire,  always  be  ready  as  sub- 
jects to  obeyyoM,  as  cluzens  to  devote  ourselves  to 
tiie  safety  o.''  the  Gouii*r\,  as  peers  of  France  to 
strengthen  th:;  rvyal  prerogath'e,  widi  all  the  powers 
whK'Ji  tiie  two  chiin)be;-s  m.ay  judg-e  ncccab'iry  for 
dis.sipatlng-  facuons  and  causbig  the  laws  to  tr-- 
umpii." 

ii.v  t/ie  De/mties. — "  Tlie  ills  of  the  country  are 
great — tLcy  are  not  irreparable. 

"  The  fn-st  consol.ition  is  in  tlie  i-eturn  of  the 
lee;itini;!te  king.  What  guarantee  in  fact  exists  in 
t'lis  do^ma  of  legitimacy,  created  mucii  more  in 
tJ)e  interest  of  people  ih!in  in  that  of  kings  !  This 
'tutehu'v  principle  has  waCc  ;^d  for  us — it  maintained 
tlie  succession  of  our  kings  and  prepared  for  us, 
afer  scj  many  storms,  an  as}lum  in  the  shade  of 
the  tiironc.  Yioience  usurped  authori'.y,  but  im- 
perishable right  survived  violence. 

"  Lcgitim.itc  kings  aione  know  how  to  devote 
themhjcives  for  tijcir  people.      Your  i-najcsty  has 


proved  it  mure  tlitu  one 


^  9» 


French  cmUributinns.  Of  the  TOO  millions  of  con 
tribiitions,  says  the  Morning  Ciironicle,  of  the  l6Lh 
October,  tiicrcare  to  be  given  to  the 

Xfth.erlands         6J  miliio:iS 

1x3 wer  iihinc       20 

Upper  IJiiine        40 

Piedmont  10 

Si>anish  frontier    Tj 


ofl'ers  a  pardon  to  t!io<?e  who  are  concerned  viho 
will  inform  ag'ahist  a  ]>ri!icjpal  ;  and  a  rev;,rd  of  103 
guineas  to  anyone  not  concerned  who  wili  sppre- 
h.end  any  one  that  is.  A  ibrinidable  n.ival  and 
niilitiiry  force  has  been  sent  to  assist  tlie  civil  au- 
thority in  Eubduinj;-  rh.e  seamen. 

Troops  were  raarchiiigto  ijie  north  of  Einglajid  to 
"  deliver"  the  seamen  of  theii'  disafrectlon — •Co^ls 
had  risen  20  per  cent  at  l/)ndon  in  consequence 
ot  tliC  embargoes  the  sailors  had  l.nid  at  Shieid;-,  &,c. 
-Many  of  these  poor  fellows  turned  adrif*,  worn  oiit 
and  exh,s.usled  in  the  se/vice  of  tiie  king,  are  in  a 
wretched  condition,  indeed.  In  some  neighbor- 
hoods the  people  are  compelled  to  protect tlseirpo- 
tatoe  fields  with  fire  arms  ag-dnst  th.e  wants  of  the 
famishing  seamen  !  Many  midshipmen  and  other 
petty  oflicers,  it  also  appears,  have  resorted  to  rob- 
bery for  a  living.  'l'ho=;e  who  were  on  our  co.ist 
are  adepts  in  this  line  of  business. 

Louis  XVIIL  has  cstaljlished  a  privj?  covnicil — to 
discuss  cniy  what  is  syicciiH}' suhmitted  to  thcni. 

Troops  are  proceeding  from  England  to  I.eL'.'.id. 

Tlie  Austrian  ;a-chdukes  John  and  Louis  are  oa 
a  visit  to  England. 

On  the  27th  of  September  an  Alg-erine  squalron 
made  tv/o  attempts  to  land  men   on   the    island  <n 


A  Tunis-ian  galliot  h:is 


I3ri— about  ^5,r000,000  sterl. 

About  ir.^  millions  of  francs,  7  millions  sterling, 
are  to  be  empioyed  in  repairing  or  erecting  fortres- 
'ses  on  t!ie  north  and  north-eastern  frontiers  of 
'•  .France.  Tlic  remaining  333  millions,  about  16  mil- 
li'ins  steriijig,  are,  it  is  understood,  to  l^e  divided 
amongst  -he  t^ur  great  powers. 
■  Ji'dnnd.  The  state  of  this  country  becomes  moi^e 
and  more  deplorable.  The  papers  are  jiled  with 
narr-iticns  of  act^  of  violevice — such  as  assassina- 
tions, conflagTations,  Jcc.  The  rebels  are  in  great 
force. 

Frencli fundi — 6  p.er  cents,  57. 

JMu.ria  Lnuiaa.  A  Vienna  p-per,  noticing  tlie  ac- 
co'int  of  th.e  reni.i.ci.,tion  of  the  throne  o*-'  i-'rancc 
bv  Maria  Louisa  fyr  hcrsc'.f  and  Iser  son,  s;iys — "at 
Vienna  we  have  not  tiie  least  knowledge  of  tliese 
transactions."  The  wliole  uff.ur  ir,,  therenn^e,  proba- 
bly, an  inipositii;n  to  subserve  political  jnii  poses  ia 
France. 

Frtince,  appears  full  of  storms  and  tempests,  yet 
restrained  by  the  prc.-ence  of  the  foreigncj-s.  A 
"seditious  spirit,"  as  it  is  called,  is  manifested  eve- 
ry where  ;  and  "suspected  persons"  arc  .said  to 
.abound  In  :M  parts.  Strange  policies  (by  wav.of 
Wagers)  are  op.::ied  as  to  France,  in  Knghi.id,  but 
'the  London  cdi 
culars. 

Tiie  Prince  Regent  has  issued  .i  prodamat'.on  i 


lun-s  have  declined  to  give  tlie  parti- 


gamst  the  reiVactory  seamen  at  Ncvcaiti*: 


ilc 


Elba  ;  but  were  beat  bad 
been  taken. 

Sloct.^,  London,  Oct.  21. — 3  per  cc.it.  Consols,  61 
1-4  ;  Omnium,  15  3-4. 

Hack-rents. — As  an  instance  of  the  dcprcssicm  o^ 
lands  in  Ireland,  The  Drnj/ieda  .Tournal  contai;ii 
advertisements  ofupv.'srds  of  irOO  acres  of  different 
farms  to  be  let,  mostly  in  the  neigh.bou;-h.ood  of  that 
town,  die  greater  p;crt  of  v/'iich  \Vci'c  thrown  up  by 
farmers.unabie  to  l;r>ldthem  ionsrei-. 

Tiie  governor  of  Home  has  taken  severe  measure  < 
to  prevdut  the  inti'oduction  of  newf.p;'pers  and  otiier- 
political  works  in  the  p.'p.it  erri'.ory. 

The  ambassadors  of  foreig-n  jjowers  v.ho  are  ta 
reside  at  I'^tris,  are — b  .ron  Vincent,  for  Ausirhi; 
I'ozzo  di  P.argo,  f.u'  Foissia;  sir  (Ji'iirlcs  Stuurt,  ioc 
England;  baron  Humboldt,  for  Pnissir.. 

Spain.  There  lias  been  a  sudden  revolutu.n  i  i 
the  Spani.ih  court.  On  the  7't.li  October  last  about 
oO  persons,  who  had  been  ai>out  the  king-  or  in  iii^ 
confidence,  Mere  b.mished  f.om  M.idrivl,  and  t!iere 
is  some  talk  that  tiie  pi.triols  lately  iniinured  will 
be  restored  to  liberty.  H'tt  we  hope  no  jxTmancnt 
good  while  fool  Ferdinand  remains  on  the  throne, 
.'uid  the  priests  i-ule.  l"he  cause  of  tiiese  changes 
is  uiknown. 

Emii>ratiou.  The  vessels  recently  from  lilurope, 
brought  out  many  passengers. 

The  authority  at  Limerick,  (Ireland)  have  issued 
a  proclaraalion,  giving  4-3  hovu-s  notice  to  the  nds- 
•^^•uided  inbabitanis  of  tiiat  city,  to  save  themselves 
■Vym  the  Insurrection  Act,  by  delivering  nj)  a.11 
-irms,  amniimi  JQU,  or  cf^ensive  wc-.po;is  they  may 
haA'e  in  their  pusse^sio.i. 

Tlie  Cork  Chronicle  says,  tl;.at  th.ere  are  to  Le 
10,0C;0  troops  quartered  i:i  tlic  county  of  'l'i!/pcr;.ry 
(.lMrin"-the  ensuinu,'  vcar.  There  are  32  couuliesi.i 
[rel..nd. 

Tf,leruii-jn  .'  Two  of  tr.e  nev/  peers  of  Fiance, 
refusing  to  take  the  oath  prescribed  witho'.'.i  ;.  re- 
servalion  on  the  subject  of  rdigion,  (b'.ing  Pr)tis- 
t„nts)  h^ve  been  e.xchuledi.  from  their  seats.  Thii 
mu.'5t  bc_;'67;/7.-/ncws  to  the  protest:.nt  world  ! 

Two  persons  have  been  condenmtd  to  sever.d 
months  hui-d  h.bor  for  wealing  tlie  tii-colored  cock- 
ade. O.ie  of  chese  hid  it  covered  with  wnite  stulf, 
but  sufficientiy  trarisparcnt  to  iiliew  the  true  colors. 
Anoihei-  U'^nsen  has  Lccti  im-iri.,oncd  iin- singing  t..e 


250    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  9,  1815, 


i/rarseilles  livmn  in  Isls  own  house.  Truly  the  French 
dre  '-deiivered"  of  every  thing-  but  tlie  privik-ge  oj 
bt^ing  shives.  , 

The  kingdom  ofPoUacl,  it  r.ppears,  is  to  h;iVL' 
no  diploniatic  corps,  nor  ministers  of  foreign  rela- 
tions, and  ^viU  hiive  no  miiMstry  neur  the  courls  ot 
foreign  powers.  [This  is  tlie  boasied  indepen- 
dence which  tiiem:i:<iuiniinous  Alexander  Jias  been 
pron-.itfii'.g-  tliat  unf\>rUu)ate  cinmtry.^  tt  is  now 
Jiouuug'  more  than  a  province  of  Russia.] 

A  lale  Prtr/sp^per  says—We  understand  there  ic- 
ii  design  among  those  characters   who    have  made 
tlu;ir  revolutionary  principles    so   conspicuous^  for; 
tlic  l.Hst  25  years,  to  establisli  a  colony  in  the  island! 
ef  ;.Iwiaga<;c.'a-.  ,  ,  i     I 

Chiirlcs  r.eil,  esq.  pm  and  needle  maker,  and.io.m, 

been   swoiii    in    as' 


Shfu-p,  esq.  linen  draper,  have  been  sworn  i 
siieriils  of  London  and  Mid;llesex.  Matliew  \V 
e.iq.  needle  maker  is  lord  mayor  of  London.  In  re- 
tuiiMrig  thanks  for  the  honor,  he  said  he  would 
riaintain  as  far  as  lay   in    hi.-;    power,  not  only  tl.e 


ri: 
of 


g-hts  and  privileges  of  the  citizens  of  London,  but 
.fffl//  tJ,e  im-ld—ind  wlule  he  enjoyed  the  office  of 
iMayor  it  should  not  be  disgraced  by  tlie  want  of 
either  hospitaliiyor  dignity. 

J^'eij.  T!iere"i3  a  report  that  Ney  will  e^cv.pe 
witliout  a  trial. 

The  .SSw".v.9  have  resolved  that  no  Frenchmen  s'lall 
reside  in  their  territories  who  are  not  true  Jiom^ 
honi'u's .' 

Of  all  tlie  sovereigns  of  Germany,  the  king  of 
AVurtemberg  is  the  only  one  who  yet  refuses  his 
assent  to  the  act  of  the  "confederation  of  Germany. 


CliliOWlCLE. 

Sevei'al  small  vessels  have  been  wrecked  by  late 
storms  on  lake  Eric.  The  policy  of  building  large 
vessels  fv.r  tlie  commerce  of  the  lakes,  is  recom- 
mended. 

Tlie  >7iagara  Journal  infirms  u^-,  th.at  lieut.  Drn- 
rif,  Vviio  committed  the  outrage  on  the  Americun 
sclir.  Min.k,  on  hike  Erie,  (see  page  lo2,)  has  gone 
to  luagston,  "under  pretei.ce  of  submitthig  himseif 
to  a  court-martial." 

At  a  late  eiitei  tainment  given  to  general  Jackaon, 
by  the  people  of  Georgetown,  Ool.  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury  gave  tiie  following  toast — "speed  to  th<' 
plough,  and  proaperini  to  the  loom."  We  hope  this 
may  be  considered  indicative  of  the  spirit  of  tiie  go- 
vernnicnt. 

A'ui'th  CaroUna.  The  po;v.-.hn-  br.uich  of  the  le- 
gislature of  this  state,  is  s.dd  to  consist  of  62  re- 
publicans and  35  federalis'.s.  All  the  branches  of 
the  government  are,  as  usual,  republican. 

A  dreadful  gale  lias  been  felt  at  Jamaica — and 
the  damage  sustahied  was  very  extensive. 

Bitenos  ^iijres.  Our  accounts  from  Buenos  Ayrcs 
are  highly  satisfactory,  lloyalty  and  toryism  seem 
quite  under  foot — let  them  remain  there!  The  re- 
publicans baVe  established  a  mint  at  Potosi,  and 
the  coinage  of  the  present  year  is  expected  to  be 
eonsidcrabic.  The  royalists  from  Lima,  under  Don 
Juan  Ilamiz^r,  have  been  completely  ikfcated — Ka- 
mizcr,  with  several  others  high  in  command,  being 
killed — the  loss  is  uaid  to  be  irreparable  to  the 
Spaniiu-dE.  They  \yere  about  sending  assistance  to 
llie  republicans  of  Chili,  Their  admli'al,  Bru-iun, 
has  a  iieet  of  23  vessels — iiis  fl.ig  siiip  carries  4'i 
guns,  ikienos  Ayres  is  defended  by  2'J'J  pieces  o; 
cannon,  in  tiiree  lines,  well  manned.  At  a  review 
on  the  loth  of  June,  18,000  men  were  under  anus. 
The  cormn.uidcrs  of  -\3  neighboring  districts  re- 
port 1J7/X"J  men  r.idy  for  service,  at  tl:e  li.st  mo- 


ment— fncy  are  chieHy  provided  with  hor.ses  to' 
tuove  witii  the  greater  facility.  Waggons  are  col- 
lected and  2,200  oxen  in  readiness  to  draw  them, 
besides  1900  iiorses.  These  thing's  were  providect 
for  the  expedition  from  Spain,  which  has,  however, 
enough  to  do  at  Carihagena.  There  is,  also,  a  good 
hope  that  Peru  will  entirely  shake  off  her  depeft- 
dencc  on  Spain. 

Carthagena.  The  royal  force  in  tlie  neighborhood 
of  this  important  pi  ice,  appears  to  have  frittered' 
^most  to  nothing,  by  battle  and  disease. 

Died,  on  Sunday  last.  Dr.  Joh.-t  CAT(«ot,T.,  arch 
bishop  of  Baltimore,  in  the  80th  year  of  his  age. — 
IL  was  interred  with  iluich  form  and  solemnity,  on. 
Tuesday  last.  The  whole  city  and  neig-hborliood 
mourns  the  decease  of  this  venerable  prelate,  kind 
neighbor  and  excellent  man.  The  liberality  of  his 
seiuiments  and  his  innocent  life,  wrested  from  all 
wlio  knew  liini  the  bondage  of  respecc  and  atteniloii; 
'and  to  ids  personal  exeninns,more  than  to  any  oLlier, 
we  owe  the  happy  loleration  in  opinion,  as  well  as 
in  fact,  that  so  eminently  prevails  between  tlie  pro- 
testants  and  catl.oucs  of  this  city;  and  we-  fear  Jiis 
loss,  in  this  respcci,  will  long  be  deplored  by  tlie 
good  of  every  persuasion.  He  died  full  of  years 
and  full  of  honors,  ^fay  his  spirit  of  charity  de- 
scend on  Ids  successor,  the  head  of  the  catholio 
cJiUrch  in  tlie  thiited  States — and  upon  all  high 
ill  autliority  over  ti;e  difl'erents  sects — that  true  pie* 
ty  may  be  promoted,  while  brotherly  love  prevails! 

An  unknown  lady  has  made,  through  a  reverend 
gentlenum,  a  donation  of  three  tliousand  dollars  to 
ll;e  "  Bishop's  Fund."  Tiiis  fund,  already  respcc- 
titble  receives  continual  additions.         [  I'ostoii papciu 

The  Icgislatv.re  of  Tennessee  have  resolved  to 
move  the  seat  of  government  from  Xashville  after 
t:\e  1st  day  of  March — the  choice  vibrates  between 
ISIurfreesborougli  and  Knoxville.  They  have  de- 
termined to  thank  gen.  Jackson  in  tlie  most  formal 
m.amer  for  his  services — to  j>reseiit  him  with  a  gold 
medal — and  gener.as  Carroll  and  Coffee  with 
swords. 

Slcam  po-.vsr — From  a  late  London  paper.  An  im- 
portiiut  improvement  has  recently  been  made  iri 
the  construction  of  steam  eng-ines,  by  which  no 
more  than  one-twentieth  part  of  the  coal  consumed 
in  an  cnghie  of  20  horse,  or  any  other  required  pow- 
e;-,  becomes  necessary.  The  construction  is  as  fol- 
lows : — A  furnace,  holding  about  a  peck  of  coals,  i* 
made  movable  into  a  large  iron  vessel  and  has  a 
ilavig,  wliich  Vviien  hitrcduced  into  the  vessel,  clo- 
ses the  opening  in  that  part;  in  an  instant  tlie  air 
is  rarified  ;  the  exp:.nded  air  passes  through  a 
tube,  presses  upon  the  piston  of  a  pump,  and  pro- 
duces in  this  a  mo'ion  of  about  four  feet;  the  rod 
of  i!ie  piston  then  becomes  the  moving  power  of  the 
furnace  backwards  and  forwards  ;  .and  this  is  eil'ect- 
cd  about  60  times  in  a  minute.  Suppose  the  air 
to  be  rarified  a!>out  three  times,  there  will  then  be- 
an excess  of  two  atmosplieres,  equal  to  the  pressure 
of  30  pounds  on  every  square  inch.  The  expansioiji 
being  uniform,  tliere  is  nu  danger  from  explosion  ^ 
the  cwiitruction  being  simple,  the  exper.ee  h  com- 
paratively small. 

The  largeni  nhips  of  xvar  now  171  the  tvorld,  (says  the 
Boston  Yatikee)  are  ov.'ned  by  the  United  States.. 
Tlie  New  Orleans  and  the  Chippewa^  now  in  Iskc " 
Ontario,  are  16  feet  longer  than  the  British  ship 
Lord  Nelson.  They  are  projjortionably  wide,  but 
not  so  deep  ;.s  tiie  largest  ships  in  ti;e  English  navy. 
Oar  74's  would  ap]>ear  like  frigates  along  side  of 
these  iiuge  ship:;,  which  have  been  named  in  honor 
of  two  of  the  greatest  victories  yet  achieved  by  the 
Aoiei'ican  land  forces. 


^*: 


NILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTEK. 

No.   16  oi.    Vjl.   IX.]         BALrivlOIia,   S\TtJliD\Y,    DECEMBER  16,  1815.         [whole  no.  224, 


Ifac  olim  meminisse  ji ivabit. -^Y man.. 


piusTKn  A-Sn  r-ji)ns!iBn  by  if.  niles,  no.  29,  socth  caltert-strekt,  at  §5  per  ankum. 


,  Xtver,  pei-h:*.ps,  were  the  advantag-cs  of  a  work 
like  ilie  Wsbklt  IlEfiTsri:n,  more  manifest,  in  a  sin- 
gle 72wn'jer,  tlian  by  tliat  we  have  the  honor  herewith 
to  present  to  our  readers.  V.'hile  the  ordinary 
ne>v"^paper.s  have  bec;i  torced  to  divide  and  thereby 
lessen  the  interest  of  the  eLaborate  report  of  tlie 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  we  are  able  to  i^ive  tlie 
whole  at  once,  and  afford  to  the  encpiirin^  mind 
one  of  the  richest  feasts  of  financial  knowledge  tliat 
ever  wa;,  prob..bl\',  impressed  upon  a  sheet  of  paper. 
Let  not  its  leng-th  intimidate  any  one  from  examin- 
ing- it  careftdiy. 

Tiiis  very  !on_q^  article  has  entirely  deranged  the 
contemp'uaed  business  of  the  week,  but  no  apolo- 
gy is  necessary  because  we  have  devoted  our  pag'es 
to  it.  A  supplement  will,  periiaps,  be  published 
next  week  to  bring'  up  o\u*  lee--,vay. 

Annual  Treasury  Rcpoit. 

In  obedience  to  the  acts  entitled  respectively, 
"■an  act  to  establish  tlie  treasury  department,"  and 
♦'  an  act  supplementary  to  the  act  entitled  an  act 
to  establish  the  treasury  dep'irtment,"  tlie  secretary 
of  the  treasury  has  tlie  honor  to  lay  before  congress 
the  foUoving  report  comprehending 

I.  A  cursory  review  of  the  financial  operations  of 
the  government,  in  reference  ta  the  recent  state 
of  the  war. 

II.  A  view  of  the  finances  for  1815,  with  estimates 
of  the  public  revenue  and  expenditures  f  )r  1816 

Jll.  Proposi'ions  for  the  improvement  and  ma- 
nagement of  the  revenue,  and  for  the  support  of 
public  credit. 

1.  .*?  cursory  rfvieiv  of  the  financial  njjerations  nf  the 
jrovenimeni,   in   referevce   to  the  recent  state  of  war. 

h\  order  to  introduce  to  the  consideration  of  con- 
gress wih  advantage,  the  measures  which  will  be 
yespectf  dly  suggested,  for  replacing  the  finances  of 
the  United  States  \ij)on  the  basis  of  a  peace  estab- 
lishment, a  review  of  the  financial  operaiions  of  the 
governnient,  in  reference  to  tlie  recent  state  of  war, 
appears  to  be  a  necessary  preliminary. 
_  The  restrictive  system,  which  commenced  in  the 
year  ISO",  greatly  diminished  the  product  of  the 
Jpublic  revenue;  but  it  was  not  until  tlie  crisis  in- 
volved an  actual  declaration  of  war,  that  the  aitg- 
,  mentation  in  the  expences  of  the  government  be- 
came obvious  and  important.  With  the  occasion- 
al aid  of  temporary  loans,  the  ordinary  receipts  of 
the  treasury  had  exceeded  the  ordinary  expendi- 
tures, even  during  the  period  of  a  suspended  com- 
tnerce  ;  (*)  and  a  report  from  this  department,  pre- 
senting ihe  estimates  for  the  year  1812,  seems  to 
have  given  the  first  intimation,  that  the  portion  of 
e,xtraurdinary  expences  to  be  incurretl  for  the  mi- 
.litary  and  naval  service,  on  account  of  the  then  ex- 
isting state  of  the  country,  would  raise  thedemaiid 
upon  tlie  treasury,  to  a  considerable  amount,  beyond 
the  estimated  product  of  the  current  revenue, (f) 
The  ordinary  disbursements  for  the  year  ending'  on 
the  30th  September  1811.  were  stated   as  amount- 


ing to  the  sum  of  13,052,657  dolls.  73  cts. ;  an^ 
the  ordinary  receipts  for  tlie  same  year  were  esti- 
mated as  amounting  to  the  sum  of  13,541,446  dolls. 
37  cts.  ;  independent  of  a  temporary  loan  (r.iised 
in  1810  and  reptiid  in  1811)  as  well  as  of  the  ba- 
lances in  the  treasury  at  the  commencement  and  the 
close  of  the  year.  But  th.e  estimates  for  the  year 
1812,  required  on  account  of  the  current  expences, 
the  sum  of  9,400,000  dollars. 

For  til'-  civil  and  iliplomatic  departments  1,260,000 

Foi'  the  military  departnifiit  (including;  the 

militia,  the  iudian  drpartmtflit,  the  charge 

ofarspiials,  army  and  orduance,  &.C.) 
F(ir  the  inval  depavtnient, 
And  fur  the  interest  on  the  public  debt, 


3,4-5,000 
2,500,000 
2,.  2 -,000 
9,400,000 


"See  ttie  annexed  taMe  \,  exhibiting  a  statement  of  the  CT"" 
annual  receipts  and  dutiurseuients  of  the  treasury  from  the  vwr 
I'fll,  to  the  >ej»r  ISU.  • 

*2d  «^v' vembvr'  \7Z'  "^ '^^■*=«'^"""^  "'"'"e  trW'ur?.,  dattd  the 


And  the  snhsisting  revenue  to  meet  these  expences  was 
estii'iated  at  the  sum  of  8,2jO,000  dollars,  proceeding 
From  tlie  customs  7,500,O  0 

From  the  sales  of  public  lands  600,i00 

And  from  miscellaneous  payments  100,000 

8,2?0,"00 

Leavins;  a  deficit  for  which  it  was  proposed  to  provide  by 
a  loan  amounting  to  the  sura  of  1,200,000 

Such  were  the  liiaitetl  objects  of  expence,  and 
such  tiie  limited  means  of  supply,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  year  in  which  war  was  declared.  An 
increase  of  the  expence,  and  a  diminution  of  tlie 
supply,  must  have  been  anticipated,  as  the  inevit.able 
consequence  of  that  event;  but  the  government 
reposed  with  confidence,  ibr  all  the  requisite  sup- 
port,  upon  the  untried  resources  of  the  nation,  in 
credit,  in  capital,  and  in  industry.  The  confidence 
was  justly  reposed;  yet  it  may,  perhaps,  be  con- 
sitlered  as  a  siibject  for  regret,  and  it  certainly 
furnishes  a  lesson  of  practical  policy,  that  there 
existed  no  system,  by  which  the  internal  resources 
of  the  country  could  be  brought  at  once  into  action, 
when  the  resources  of  its  external  commerce  be- 
came  incompetent  to  answer  the  exigencies  of  the 
time.  The  existence  of  such  a  system,  would,  pro- 
babh',  have  invigorated  the  early  movements  of  the 
war  ;  might  have  preserved  the  public  credit  unim- 
paired; and  would  have  rendered  the  pecuniary  con- 
tributions of  the  people  more  equal,  as  well  as  moive 
eHective.  But  owhig  to  the  want  of  such  a  system, 
a  sudilen  and  almost  an  exclusive  resort  to  the  pub^ 
lie  credit,  was  necessarily  adopted  as  the  chief  in- 
sti-uraent  of  finance.  I'he  nature  of  the  instruments- 
employed  was  soon  developed;  and  it  was  founii 
'Jiat  pul)lic  cretlit  could  only  be  durably  maintained' 
upon  the  broad  foimcl.ations  of  public  revenue. 

On  the  opening-  of  the  session  of  congress  in  No- 
vember loll,  the  legislative  attention  was  devoted 
to  the  organization  of  the  military  and  naval  depart- 
ments, upon  the  enhirged  scale  of  a  war  establish- 
ment; so  that  the  appropriations  for  this  purpose.,, 
far  exceeded,  in  a  sJiort  time,  the  estimates  and 
the  resoiu-ces  of  Uie  treasury,  as  they  have  beeu, 
already  described.  Ways  and  means  were,  there- 
fore, provided  to  meet  the  extraordinary  demand-^ 
thus  created;  but  tiicy  were  derived  exclusively 
from  tiie  operations  of  foreign  commerce  aiid  cl;' 
public  (Credit. 

1.  Tiie -McditcDTanean  fund  was  at  firstcontinr.r'l 
until  the  4th  of  Maroh,  1813,  and  afterwards  until  , 
March,  1815,  (when  it  became  extinct)  affor^Hng 
an  additional  duty  of  2  1-2  per  cent.  »d  valor'=m, 
on  all  imported  goods  paying  duties  ad  v.ilTe-Ti, 
'  and  a  disCT-injluating-  tlutv  ©f  10  per  cept«  upon  iSiSt 

T 


263    NILES' WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815. 


acl.'lUimial  duiy,  in  respect  to  all  goods  iniponed 
in  veaKcls  not  of  the  Uinted  States* 

2.  Ti> ere  were  irapcsed  an  i.dditionul  duty  oflOi^ 
pc;-  cent,  upon  the  pemianent  duties  on  s^-oods  im- 
-poited  into  llie  Uni.ed  Slates  from  ::.ny  foreign 
pj:'ce,  a  d.iscriminatins^  duty  of  10  per  cent,  upon 
tri;it  i-ddi1ion;i}  duty,  in  respect  to  r.U  g-oods  inr[:5ort- 
ed'\r)  v.»ssels  liOt  of  t'.ie  United  .Slaves;  and  an  ad- 
diii'Ji.M  duty  of  1  doilur  50  cU.  ])Ci-  ton  (Uie  pre 


I'ised  lo.ui  a.ul  is,-uie  of  treasury  nstes  ;  and,  2d,  bf 
anew  autiiori'.y  to  borrow,  and  to  iss'e  t;-e.':jury 
no'es,  to  the  ..m')un(-of  {519,^25,000 

Duvin-;' the  sesnions  of  conp^ress,  which  commenc- 
ed in  Novemher,  1812,  und  closed  on  the  3d  of 
March,  1313,  the  uppropriiitions  for  the  army,  the 
navy,  and  tite  o./cr  branches  of  the  public  service, 
were  considerably  aug-ineiUed,  but  (witliovit  advert- 
,irij3  (o  the  imposition  of  a  small  duty  upon  imported 
vioi:-.  duty  being-  ai  tl.e  r;de  of  50  cts.  per  ton)  up- 1  iron  ware*)  no  new  source  of  revenue  was  then  open- 
om  .ill  vessels  belonging  wholly,  or  in  p!,rt,  lo  th-eieu;  but  addiiional  aid  was  extended  to  the  treasury, 
subjects  of  f'lrcig'n  povrers.  Rut  the  continuance  I  by  autiiorishig'  a  repetition  of  the  appeal  to  public 
of  the  :ict  bel^jj  limited  to  the  expira'ion  of  one  credit. 
}Ca.'  afer  the  cor.clusiou  of  the  peace,  ther.e  a.d-|     1.  An  authority  w.is  given  to  r.nise  by  loan  a  sum 


18l6.f 


n:J  duties  will  ccuse  on  the  17th  of  Ftbrt'ary. 


not  exceeding-  i 


5,000,t/00  of  dollars,  and  to  create 
s'.ock  for  til e  amount,  bearing  interest,  not  exceed- 


in  auth.ority  vvfis  g-ivcn  to  r;.ir.e  by  loan,  a  suniii.'.g'  tlie  rnte  of  6  per  cent,  per  annuin,  and  reindours- 


not  exceeding-  11.000,000  of  doHars,  and  to  create 
*  stock  for  tiie  amount,  bc.:ring-  interest  not  exceed- 
ing^' the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  i-.nnuni,  and  i-eim- 
burs..ble  at  any  rime  iifter  the  expiration  of  12  ye^n's 
from  t.he  Ist'of  Janu^u-y  1813.  Tiie  pa^-ment  of 
the  interest,  and  the  redemi)tion  or  the  piirc'iaso 
of  this  stock,' are  cluirg-ed  upon  the  shiking  fund  + 
4.  And  an  authority  was  criven  to  issue  treasury 


i'-ble  at  any  time  after  the  expiration  of  twelve 
years  from  the  1st  of  January,  1814.  The  payment 
of  the  interest,  and  the  redeuiption  or  purchase  of 
this  stock,  are  charged  upon  liie  sinliing- fund.f 

2.  And  an  autiiority  was  g-iven  to  issue  treasury 
notes  for  a  sum  not  exceeding-  5,000,000  of  dollars, 
absolutely — v.'ith  a  pi'ovisional  autiioritv  to  issue  an 
additional  sum  of  5,000,000  of  doU.Lrs,  to  be  deem- 


notes  for  a  sum  not  exceeding- 5  000,000  of  dollars,  led  and  held  to  be  part  of  the  loan  of  16,000,000  of 
bf  rino-  intei-est-at  the  rate  of  5  2-5  per  cent.  per;dolhirs,  authorised  as  above  stated,  to  be  raised, 
annum,  and  reimbursable  at  such  phxes  respective-jThe  notes  were  to  bear  interest  at  the  rale  of  3  2-5 
ly,  as  should  be  expressed  on  the  face  of  the  notes,]  dollars  per  cent,  per  annum,  to  be  reimbursable  at 
oneyenr  afier  the  day  on  -.vldch  tlve  ssmc  shall  havejsuch  places  respectively,  as  sliould  be  express?doa 
been  issued.  The  notes  were  decl-red  to  be  re- [the  face  of  them,  one  year  af:er  tlie  day  on  which 
ccivabie  in  payment  of  all  duvies  ;ind  taxes  laid  by  (they  should  be  issued  ;  to  be  receivt.ble  in  payment 


tJie  Uni'ed  Scutes,  and  all  p'.'.biic  lands  sold  by  their 
authority;  and  the  payment  of  the  interest,  and  the 
redemption  or  the  purc!\ase  of  these  notes,  were 
cliarf-ed  like  th.e  funded  debt,  upon  the  sinking- 
funil.  > 

Tlie  eiTect  of  the  addiiional  w.ays   and  means 
provided  by  cong-ress,  from  time  to  time,  during- 
ths  late  war,  may  readily  be  traced.  From  tl>e  trea- 
Buiy  report,  dated  the   Ist  of  December  1812,   ii 
ap;ie:a-s  that  the  actual  receipts  into  the  treasury, 
d.L"in.tc  the  year  ending-  on  the  oOth  of  September 
1S12,  ir.c'jidiag-  a  portion  of  the  loan,  and  of  the  is- 
sue of  treasury  notes,  amounted  to   the  sum  of 
16,782,159    dollars    40  cts.    (almost  double  the  a- 
moimt  of  tiie  previous  estimate)  and  that  the  actual 
dii!)ursemeniS,  foj-  the  same  year,  amounted  to  tlie 
sum  of  18,368,325  7-100  dollars  (^ which  v/as,  also, 
ahroit  double  the  amount  of  the  previous  estimate) 
independent  of  the  balan.ce  in  the  treasury,  at  the 
commer.ccment  and  the  close  of  the  year.||      But 
the  estimates  for  the  year   1813,  rcqiiircd,  on  ac- 
count of  the  .;ccumuluth)g-  expenditiues, 
31,9^'5,000   d  .liars. 
Fur,  tlic:  civ'l  aiitl  (lipUiiaatic  depavtments 
Fi>f  t''.r-  iiiiiit  i-y  (d  j.aitoieiit 
ri<r  tin   iitivrtl  •Jepiirlait-iit 
Aw\  111-  tile  iutu-  St  :ui<J  i-iimbui-seraent  of  the  pnn 

cijul  orilie  jmblie  debt 


31,9  5,000 

And  the  subsisting-  revenue  to  meet  these  expen- 
ditures  was  estimated  at  tiie  stun  of  12,000,OuO  of 
of  dolhii-.T,  jiioceeding 

F«oni  lilt-  iDstoin?  11,500,000 

Frciu  tilt'  sal.  of  puMic  lamls,  Ike.  aoo.vuo 

12,000,003 

ic.iving  a  deficit,  for  which  it  was  proposed  to  pro- 


of all  dulies  and  taxes  laid  by  the  United  States,  ai;d 
all  the  public  lands  sold  by  their  authority  ;  and  die 
payment  of  the  interest,  and  the  redemption  or 
purciiase  of  these  notes,  were  charged,  like,  the 
funded  debt,  upon  the  shikin;.^  f md.i: 

TIic  necessities  of  tne  treasury  beconiing,however, 
more  urgent,  and  the  reliance  on  the  public  credit 
beconung- more  hazardou.^,  congress  determined,  at 
a  special  session,  which  comm.enced  in  M..y,  1313, 
to  lay  the  foundation  of  a  system  of  mterfial  reve- 
nue ;  selecting,  in  particular,  tlio^^e  subjects  of  "a.x- 
ation,  which  were  recommended  by  die  expcrleace 
of  a  former  period,  and   coniptiting  tlieir  general 
prochict  at  the  sum  of  5,00u,u00  of  dollars. |'     The 
continuance  of  these   taxes  being-  limited,  at  fir.st, 
lo  one  year  after  the  tcrmiiKition  of  the  ^var,  they 
acquij-edti.e  denomination  of  "the  war  taxes  ;"  but, 
by  subsequent  lat\s,  almost    all  tiie    exi?!ing  reve- 
nues  are   pledged,    with   the    ii\ith    of  the    United 
Stales,  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  expences 
of  government,  for   the  ]Hmctual   pa}Tnrnt    of  the 
.1  sum  of  1  public   del)t,  prihcip;d  and    intei  est,  according  to 
jthe  contracts  ;  and   for   ct-eating  an  adequate  sink- 
i,sco,ooc;jing-  fund,  griidually   to   reduce,  and   eventually  to 
^^■g^"!'"p'*  I  extinguish,  the  public  debt ;    until  those  purposes 
[shall  be  accomplished,  or  until  congress  shall  pro- 
vide and  substitute  by  law,  ibr  tlie  same  purposes, 
odier  duties,  Widch   sltall  be  equally   productive.- 
hi  the  session  of  May,  11513 — 

1.  A  direct  tax  of  3,000,000  of  dollars,  was  laid- 
upon  the  Unitetl  States,  and  apportioned   to  the 
states  respectively  for  the  yea- 1814;  and  it  warfaf-  ■ 
terwards  sidyccted  to  the  general  pledge  above  stat- 
ed.^ 


S.H:  O.OO' 


vide,   1st,  by  the  outsanding  balances  of  the  atitho 


1301—7  vul.  I,i3— anil  llie  -Hs! 
act  ol'  the  i'lii  oi  rebruarj. 


''Se»  tho  act  of  tin:  a.UIi  .Mai-L-l: 
.T;l,-ft:ii!-v,  in  >.—  .l  vol.  2j— :.lnl  tl 
Ij-n-l'l  Vul.  40'.    ' 

tict' tliL- act  olthn  Ist  .IiiU,  l>tli— 11  vol.   i6I. 

i3t-'_-tlit  ai't  (il  ltic|Mtli  M-  rcli,  1S12  — U  vol.  72. 

fSfC  i:i»  act  o(  iIk' 3 .lil  Jll  .:■,  18!.— li  vol.     .-'.i. 

[[.S^c  till-  aiciii  il  ri'\y.in  ol'  tiit;  scfi-t-tiu-v  of  tlie  Ircaiu-y,  dated 
tJre  Ut  <j"  Dt;ctialji.r,  i8i-2. 


*.Se.'  the  act  of  tlnj  25lh  of  FcSriiai-j-.  IS13,  (lilli  vol.  3S5.) 
tSic  the  act  of  tJie  ttli  of  r-voi'oai-y,  1313,  (il  vol.  307  ) 
iS.^tlit  avt  of  tl.casili  oi'Ft.bi-oai-'y,  1313    (11  vol.  377.) 
||btc  lilt-  k-liei- of  tlie  si  ert-tarj  of  tlit   treasury  to  llif  chaiiinan 

of  tbe  coiiiiuiltLf  o'  ways  and  in.aiis,  ilatiil  January      ".  and  tlie 

i-ei«.it  o)  the  attm^-spi.-tetavy  of  ibe  trfasiii-y-,  dated  2d  of  June 

1313 
§3?i;  the  acts  of  tlic  2;d  of  Jaly,  and  the  2d  of  August,  1813. 

anU  the  ytii  of  J.a'iuavy,  1315,(li  vul.  53, 135,  3i.) 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— t'REASURY  REPORT. 


2m 


2.  A  duty  of  four  cents  per  pound  was  laid  uponjrest  and  the  redemption,  or   uie  purchase  of  this 

stock  are  charg-ed  upon  the  sinking  fimd.* 

Tiie  sources  of  revenue  thus  opened  In  lS13j 
could  not.  ho'.vever,  be  expected  to  aid  tl>e  treasu-> 
ry  until  181-i;  and,  accordi;i,^ly,  in  the  annual  re* 
port  from  this  department,  dated  the  8Lh  dfJanitafyj 
181  !■,  neither  the  direct  tax,  nor  the  intern;d  duiiesi 
will  be  found  as  an  item  of  the  acturd  refccipts  into 
the  treasiiry,  dtiring'  the  year  ending"  the  30t!i  or 
September,  1813.  Tlie  amount  of  tliose  recdp's 
v.as  stated,  in  the  proceeds  of  tlie  customs,  -.f  thd 
sales  of  public  lands,  &c.  at  13,568,04.2  do:',  i-g  43 
cen's,  jnd  in  the  proceeds  cf  loans  and  tre.isuiy  notes 
at  23,976,912  dollars  and  50  centSj  raakinjj  tog-edief 
39.90r,G.J7  dollars  62  cents :  and  the  adtuid  dis-i 
b(u-seuient3  of  the  same  period  were  stated  :.t 
32,928,855  dollars  I'd  cents,  independent  of  the  b?.< 
lince.-i  in  tiie  treasmy,  at  tlie  co:nniC":Ccment  and 
the  close  of  tl^.e  year.f  Ilat  tl-.e  estimates  for  th^ 
\ear  1814  required  a  sUm  of  45,350,000  dollars^ 

Fur  civil,di|)!oii.atip  find  mi«c?!h'i'Ons  "xp;Mis's  lifOO.OOO 
For  the  paynitiit  of  iiittivsloii  tlic  olM  jnd  ii"W 
iltlit,  and  t'le  insC.ilmeiits  of  lliu  jiriiiLjiMl  of 
\hi-i,i,l  (i  lit  i2.2f0  00d 

Fnrihe  lalliury  t-sl:i'iiishin?nt  -4.5i.%D:0 

For  tlft-  naval  istahlislnm-nt  6,900,000 

,5,3i0i<M't 

And  the  subsisting  revenue  to  meet  these  expen- 
tlitin-"3  WHS  "stin:it'-tl  at  thf  inni  oi'  14,370,000 
dollars,  i>i-i,i'  eding  from  tile  euitoms and  saKs 
of  iiublicJaii.ls  (i,6r0,000 

From  the  jiitfr.ial  iliiti-.'B  and  ilivct  ta4  3  .io  ,000 

From  a  lialaiic--  of  loans  and  trea'sury  notes        4,2Vo,000 

:4,37(?i'tt^ 

L.'avin^  a  deficit  for  whic'j  it  was  proposed  to  provide,  1st. 
by  a  part  of  i!ie  lialancf  in  the  tn-asury ;  aji.!,  2d,  by 
loaMS  and  trjasury  aoti  s,  a'nounting  to  30  9?d,0D^ 

For  the  deficit,  thus  appro.ac'un,^  the  sum  of  3 
millions  dollars,  tiie  only  provision  made  dririn,:;- thd 
session  which  commenced  in  IJeceniber,  1813,  resU 
ed  a;jain  upon  the  public  credit. 

1.  An  authority  was  given  to  isstie  treasMi'V  ildteii 
for  a  sum  not  exceedin,'^'  5,000,00'J  of  doU.-i's,  absce-- 


all  sug-ar  refined  within  the  United  States.  Tiie  con 
tinuance  of  tlie  duty,  v.'as  lin.ited  to  one  year  after 
the  war  ;    and  as   the  general   pledge  lias  not  been 
ftnplied  to  it,  the  duty  will  cease   on  the  17ch  of 
Februarr,  1816  * 

3.  A  duty  was  laid  on  all  carriages,  for  tl;e  con- 
veyance of  persons,  kept  bv  any  person  for  iiis  own 
use,  or  to  be  let  out  for  hire,  or  for  the  convevance 
of  passengers  ;  which  was  graduated  according  to 
tiie  denomination  of  the  carriag-e,  from  the  yearly 
sum  of  twenty  dollars,  to  the  yearly  sum  of  two  dol- 
lai-s.  The  continuance  of  tins  duty  w:is  ori.ginally 
limited  to  tlie  war :  but  tlie  g'eneral  pledge  has  been 
lippHed  to  it,  with  some  modification  in  die  mode 
of  laying  and  collecting  the  dnty.j 

4.  A  duty  was  imposed  on  licenses  to  distillers  of 
spirituous  liquors,  wliicli  was  graduated  according 
to  the  capacity  of  the  still,  the  time  of  employing 
it,  and  tiie  materials  consumed.  The  continuance 
of  this  duty  was  originally  limited  to  the  war  ;  but 
tlie  general  pledge  has  been  applied  to  it,  with 
Considerable  modifications  in  the  principle  and  pro- 
visions of  the  lav%'.i: 

5.  A  duty  was  laid  on  sales  at  auction  of  merchan- 
dize, and  of  ships  and  vessels,  at  the  rate  of  1  per 
cent,  of  tlie  purcliase  money  of  goods,  and  of  25 
cents  for  every  liundred  dollars  of  the  p'lrchase  mo- 
ney of  ships  and  vessels.  TJie  continuance  of  tiiis 
duty  was  originally  liinited  to  tlie  v/ar  ;  but  tl;e 
general  pledge  has  been  applied  to  it,  v.ith  a  con- 
siderable ad<lition  to  tiie  amount,  and  a  modification 
of  the  provisions  of  the  law.§ 

6.  A  duty  was  laid  on  licenses  to  retailers  of  wines, 
spirituous  liquors,  and  foreign  merchandize,  gr.idu- 
ated  according-  to  the  place  of  retaiiing,  and  tiie  na- 
ture of  tiie  article  retailed.  Tlie  continuance  of  this 
duty  was  origin:d!y  limited  to  the  war ;  but  tlie 
general  pledge  has  been  applied  to  it.|| 

7.  A  duty  Was  laid  (m  notes  of  banks  and  b.ankers  ; 
on  bonds,  obligations,  or  promissory  notes,  discount- 
ed bv  banks  or  bankers  ;  and  on  foreign  or  inland 
bills  cf  exchange  alcove  50  dollars,  and  liaving  one 
or  more  endorsers  ;  gr.aduated  according  to  the  no- 
minal amount  of  the  instrument.  Tiie  continuance 
of  this  duty  was  limited  to  one  year  afcer  the  v.-ar  ; 

'  and  as  the  general  pledge  lias  not  been  applied  to 
it,  the  duty  will  cease  on  tlie    l"th   of  Felnu  a-y, 

isie."!! 

B  it  ber,Idc3  the  direct  tax  and  the  internal  duties, 
tlierc  were  added  to  the  resources  of  the  treasury', 
during  the  sessions  of  May,  1813 — 

8.  A  duty  of  20  cents  per  bushel  upon  all  salt  im- 
ported from  any  foreign  place  into  the  United  S?tates; 
tvhich  being  limited  to  the  war^  and  not  being  in- 
cluded in  t'ae  general  pledge,  will  cease  on  the  l7th 

'  of  I'ebriu^ry,  1815.** 

9.  And  an  authority  to  raise  a  loan  not  exceeding 
7,500,9uO  dollars,  and  to  croate  stock  for  the  amount 
reimbursable  at  any  time  after  tlie  expiration  of  12 

,  years,  from  the  1st  of  .fanuary,  1814.  Tiie  rate  of 
interest  was  not  limited  by  the  law  ;  but  it  was  pro- 
vided tiiat  no  certiiicate  of  stock  should  be  sold  at 

,,  a  rate  less  than  88  per  cent,  or  88  dollars  in  money 
for  100  dolhirs  in  stock.     The  payment  of  the  inte- 

*See  the  act  of  2nh  July,  !SU,  (U  vol.  f.9,) 

tSe<Mlie  acts  of  tlie  i4ili  ,Iuly,  iS!3,  and  in!i  December,  1314, 
(12  vol.  101,  12.) 

iSee  the  acts  of  the  2nhof  July,  .'813,  and  2th  Decem'.ier,  1314 
(12  vol.  lOi,  IS  ) 

§.Scc  I  he  acts  of  the  21  ill  of  July,  13.3,  and  the  23  J  of  Decenilxjr, 
1814,  (1-2  vol.     ll,-?^.) 

llSee  the  acts  of  lite  2d  of  Aug.  1813,  and  the 23d  of  December, 
JBH,(12voI.  '84,  2fi.) 

^3ee  ihe  act  of  the  id  of  Anp.  1S13  fl2  vol.  2.')4.) 

''■Sj*  \hc  act  of  tbe29ih  Juh-  isi-?,' E'.:  voh  ;37.t 


ifter  the  dr>v  on  vrldch  they  should  be  issued  j 
receivable  m  pavment  of  all  duties  and  \\:i^ 


lately  ;  witii  a  provisional  authority  to  issue  an  adi 
ditional  sum  of  5,903,000  of  dollarsj  to  be  deemed 
aid  held  to  be  part  of  any  loan  which  migiit  be  aul; 
thorised  during  the  session.  Tiie  notc.i  vvcre  to  be;:r' 
interest  at  the  rate  of  5  .'^-5  dollars  per  cent;  per 
annum  ;  to  be  reimbiU-scd  at  such  places  restj^'ctive- 
Iv,  :is  should  be  expressed  on  the  it.Cc  of  tlicm,  dneJ 
year  after 

to  be  receivable  m  pa 
laid  by  tlie  United  States,;  s:ri<}^  all  puhKc  l;,iv!3  soici 
by  their  authority  ;  and  the  payment  of  tlie  in'-erest^ 
•nd  the  redemption,  or  jjurciiase  ofthese  note:-'^ 
were  charged,  iike  tiie  funded  debt,  upon  the  sink, 
mg  fund  t 

2.  And  an  aiithority  was  ^Aven  to  ra«;je  uv  a  lo.an  si. 
sum  not  exceeding  '2.5,000,000  of  doiiars";  and  td 
create  stock  for  the  amount,  reiinbur.'jable  after  thd 
expiration  of  twelve  years  from  the  la.itdav  af  J)r- 
cembcr,  1S14.  Neither  tlie  rate  of  tiie  interest,  nof 
'he  price  of  tlie  Stock  was  limitc,! ;  mid  the  pay.; 
nent  of  t;ie  interest,  and  the  redcmpti  m,  or  piu-s 
chase  of  tiie  stockj  are  cliargeable  on  the  siuiiin^ 
fund.^ 

The  embaiT..3smcnts  of  t!i(7  trCa.^Urv,  aficr  tlii 
aijournraent  of  c.oagreos  in  the  year  IS  14,  becam^ 
extreme.  It  appears]  tliat  tiie  disbm-sernents  dui~' 
ing  the  firs-  half  of  that  veiir,  had  amo'.mted  to  th^ 
sum  of  19,693,781  d:)!lars  27  cents.- 


*3cc  tlie  act  of  the  2!  cif  ,\ii','ii<ie.    813,  [12  vol.  2)  .] 
tSve  th-   r.;i:iual  npurl  of  the  acting-secret  iry  of  the  tr.-dsuf? 
datMl  111'-  Slh  of  J:i:i    ^«\^. 

JS -e  the  act  of  tlie..tli  of  M-trch,  lBi4.  [.'2  vol.  27.3.] 

$Sec  the  act  of  thel4Tli  >iaich,  iS14,  [2  vol.] 

llSee  the  animal  le^iurt  of  tht-  stcroiufv  of  ?!le  itss^ilin  t%k4 


254    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1813. 


ov  the  civil,  diploiimtic  and  mijctilaneous  txi)eiiets    1,44  i,0!i2  60 
For  till-  !i-.ii:tiijj  d.  (lanniLiit  i:,'210,938 

for  iht   'lavjl  dVimrtmeut  4,012,199  90 

For  the  iJUuUc  debt  ,'!,020,.;f  0  77 

•  .*__— _— —  — ^-^ 

19,693,78;    27 


And  th«  balance  of  the  appropriatiorn  for  the  same 
o(  v>;t»  of  (^xjnaxiitiiie  leqiiiri'xl  during  the  other 
hall  of  tlu  saiiM'  y  ar  was  stat.  U  at  thi-  sii:ii  of  27 
But  til-  actual  receipts  into  tht-  tr  asuiT  durii.g  the^ 
firs(  half  o(  the  y,':ii-  iti,  4,  had  amounted  to  19.2J>i.9!5 
duU.Ka  32  cents,  i-rocecdiug 
Froia  th  •  r-ustoms  4,182,083  25 

From  tlie  sal"  of  public  lands  (including 
thost  i/i  th-  MiiMssippi  tenilory,  the 
prncetds  of  whuh  are  payabli:  to  the 
Stat--  of  G.  ors^-^)  540,065  6S 

From  tl:i  iut>  nial  c!iiti<s  aud  direct  tax    2,.:;9,272  40 
From  I'os'age  and  incidental  rtceipts  l6t5.7H 

Trom  l<,aiis  9.679,676 

From  trtaiury  notes  2,J6-,v.OO 

19,2lu,m6  33 

And  it  was  rstimated  that  there  would  be 
r*i.'  ived  frou>  th-  sain^-  sources  of  re- 
veiiiv  (iticluilii.g  loans  ami  trriisury 
notes  to  th  ■  ariiouii;  of  H.3  ti,000  dol- 
IsisJ  duri.ig-  iliH  other  half  of  the  same 
year,  the  suni  of  .  13,160,0^0 


,576.391   19 


32,37y,y-JU  33 

To  this  amount  add  the  balance  of  the 

cash  ill  the  trea>ury  on  the  Isl  oi  July, 

18  4  2,722,693  22 

And  tin- estimated  (>ggreg;ate  of  th-  funds  to  n  eet  the 

demands  on  tlie  tr.  asury  to  the  close  of  the  year 


1?;4  was  the  sum  of 


37,1C2,'-S5  F.5 


Ltaring  a  deficit  for  the  servic*-  of  1^:14,  after  ah- 
sci-'ri"f;  all  the  cash  of  the  treasury  amounting  to 
the  sum  of  10,167,5?6  91 

To  supply  this  deficit  of  10,167,586  91  aoliars ; 
to  p'-o\iue  iiii  atioliion.ti  sum  for  the  com ivi gene ies 
of  the  year;  and  to  nccelerute  tlie  ii  ;c;il  nieasiii-es 
wiiich  were  c.93enii;tl  to  tlic  prosecution  of  the  wax-, 
in  lul5,  tlie  iuterposilioH  of  the  iegisi;it\ire  was 
deemed  indispensaole.  Tlie  pui!i  of  fin.tuce,  wiiicl! 
was  predicated  on  the  theory  of  defraying  tlie  ex- 
tr.iordinai'y  exjienses  of  the  war  by  buCGt*sive  loans, 
hill  alreaily  become  inoperaive.  I'he  product  of  the 
revenues  Jiad  ceased  to  fMrnisli  an  amount  equal  to 
the  expenliture  of  the  former  peace  establishment, 
with  an  addition  of  the  interest  upon  the  debt  con- 
tr,:c  C(l  on  account  of  w.Lr.  Andtiic  sudden  suspen- 
sion of  3pecie  payments  at  the  iJili.cipai  banks  esta- 
hli.siiedjn  the  'iiiterent  states  (imwever  it  may  be  ex 
cused  or  justifiid  by  the  apparent  necessity  of  tiic 
CLse)  had  expose  d  tiie  g-overnment,  as  well  as  private 
citizens,  to  all  t',,e  inconveniences  of  a  variable  cui- 
rency,  devoid  alike  of  national  authority,  and  ot 
na' ioiud  ci:cidat;On.  Tiie  treasiuy  coidd  no  longer 
trunsfi. r  ii  s  funds  fi-oin  place  to  jil  tee;  and  it  becanK, 
of  course,  inipr<icvicabie  to  maintain  tiie  accustom- 
ed i.nnciu:  livy  in  the  pajiTient  of  the  public  engage 

■'■■ier  ti,<;se  circumstances,    th.e   congress  was 
convened  by  tiie  special   call  of  the  president,  ir, 
S'  p'ternijer,  1814;  wiien  tiie  c.iii/ens  of  every  occu- 
pation and  pursuit,  seemed  eager  to  seco'.id  tlie  ie- 
gi.5tJ-uve  erfons  lo  replenish  an  cxhansttd  treasury, 
and  to  renovate  the  public  credit.     Cormiiercc  coii- 
thi.icd  to  contribute,  ];erh.;ps,  to  the  extent  of  k 
cap.i-ciiy.      Agriculture,  though  suhcring  the  war.: 
of  A  vent  for  .s(nne  of  its   imporvant  staples,    wa. 
every  whei-e  piepared  for  tlie  requisite  exertion.  Uo 
mescic  m.anufi.cturcs,  vviiich  hud  scarcely  suriviouii 
ed  ihe  i\i-i,'c  s-ruggle   for  existence,  yielded  to  tliv 
patriotic  in)pulse  :    And  tiie  capiUd  of  individuals, 
in  all  its  ■..'.; K-ty  of  form,  olicreda  ready  tribute  to 
leiieve  Uie  necessities  of  die  comitry.     TJius,  dur 
ing  the  session   whicii  coranienced  in   September, 
jaii,    ?id  closed  on  tiie  3d  of  .-.I.acli,  1815, 


1. 


Ti'e  folk>u'ing  inurnal  duties  were 


increased 


m  their  an:'juiit ;  tlie  duties  were  rendered  perma- 
Jicot ;  jiiid  tljc  geiierul  pledije  was  applied  to  them, : 


1.  The  cJirect  tax  was  raised  to  an  aonual  sum  of  six  mtUionj' 
of  dollars;  and  it  was  extended  to  the  district  of  Columbia. 

2.  The  duty  on  caiviaget  was  raised,  and  a  duty  on  the  harness, 
was  added. 

3.  The  dutv  on  licencts  to  diitillers  of  spirituous  liquors  waS' 
coiitiiincd,  and  a  duty  on  the  spirits  distilled  was  added. 

4.  The  duties  on  sales  at  auction,  ai.d  or  licences  to  retail  wines, 
spirituous  liquors,  and  foreign  mercliandise,  were  raised. 

5.  The  rates  of  (lostage  were  raisi  d  50  per  cent. 

2.  Tlie  following  new  duties  v.eie  perm.mently 
laid  ;  and  the  general  pledge  was  applied  to  them. 
But  it  was  at  the  same  time  dech"  ed,  that  so  long 
as  the  duties  imposed  upon  the  aricles  of  domestic 
manufactvu-e  should  continue  to  be  laid,  the  duties 
then  p-iyable  on  the  like  description  o'"  goods  im- 
ported into  the  United  States,  should  not  be  discon- 
tinued or  diminisiied. 

1.  Diitiis  on  various  articles  manufactuved  or  made  for  sale 
wiiliin  th,-  United  Stit.s,  or  their  territories;  as  specified  »* 
t'le  annexed  tahh    marked  B. 

2.  DiMi-s  on  artiel es  in  use,  to  wit —  , 
On  household  furniture,  the  value  in  any  one  family,  (with 

certain  Lxceptions)  xcei-.'iiig  2  /O  dollars  in  money,  accord-' 
ing  to  a  scale  graduated  Iron  :  dollar  on  •.  valoe  of  400  dol- 
iais  to    00  dollars  on  a  value  of  90  o  .ioU-.us. 

On  every  gold  watch  kept  for  use— 2  diilhirs.' 

Oji  ev.  ry  silvir  watch  kept  for  use— I  dollar. 

But  besides  establishing  tiiese  sources  of  revenue 
(a!id  others  were  contemplated' at  the  period,  when 
the  treaty  of  Ghent  was  announced)  congress  sought 
to  confer  upon  the  treasury  the  means  of  anticipat- 
ing tlie  collection  of  the  duties  ;  of  recovei-ing  the 
punctuality  of  its  payments  ;  and  of  invithig  the 
co-operation  of  the  nionied  institnions  and  monied 
men  of  the  United  States,  in  plans  for  restoring  an 
aniform  national  currency.  AVilh  these  views  va-" 
rious  measures  were  sanctioned. 

1.  An  authority  was  given  to  raise  by  loan  a  sum 
not  exceeding  o,()00,OJU  of  dollars  (particularly 
destined  to  provide  for  the  expenditures  of  the  last 
quarter  of  the  year  1814)  and  to  create  stock  for' 
the  amount,  reimbursable  at  any  time  ."^fter  the  31st 
of  December,  1814.  No  limitation  was  prescribed 
as  to  the  i-ate  of  interest,  or  the  price  of  the  stock,- 
butit  was  declaied,  that  inpaymen*  of  subscriptionsr 
to  tills  loan,  or  to  loans  authorised  by  any  other  act 
of  congress,  it  should  be  lawful  to  receive  treasury 
notes  kecoming  due  on  or  before  the  1st  of  Janua- 
ry, 1815,  at  tiieir  par  value,  together  with  the  inte- 
rest accrued. 

The  payment  of  the  Interest,  and  the  redemptlon,- 
or  the  pu'rcliase  of  the  stock  to  be  thus  created,  . 
were  charged  upon  the  sinking  fund,  but  the  act 
contained  these  further  assurances  :  1st.  That  in  ad- 
dition to  the  annual  sum  of  8,000,000  of  doUai-s 
heretofore  appropriated  to  tiie  sinking  fund,  ade- 
quate and  permanent  funds  shoidd  be  provided  and 
appropriated,  during  the  session  of  congress,  for  the 
payment  of  the  interest,  and  the  reimbursement  of 
lAQ  princip.d  of  the  stock  ;  and,  2dly.  That  an  ade- 
quate and  permanent  sinking  fund,  gradually  to  re- 
duce, and  eventually  to  extinguish  the  public  debt, 
contracted  during  the  war,  si.ould  also  be  establish- 
ed during  the  same  session  of  congress. 

3.  An  authority  Was  given  to  anticipate  the  col- 
lection and  receipt  of  the  duties  on  licenses  to  dis- 
tillers of  spiritous  liquors,  and  on  distilled  spirits, 
by  obtaining  a  loan  upon  the  ])ledge  of  the  duties, 
to  an  amount  not  exceeding  6,000,000  of  dollars, 
and  at  a  rs-te  of  hiterest  not  exceeding  six  per  cent, 
per  annum,  and  a  similar  authorky  was  given  to  raise 
a  like  sum,  at  the  same  rate,  by  the  pledge  of  a  di- 
rect ta.v. 

3.  An  authority  w..5  given  to  issue  treasury  notes, 
for  so  much  of  the  smris  authorised  to  be  borrowed 
under  the  acts  of  the  24th  of  March,  and  the  15th 
of  November,  1814,  as  had  not  been  borrowed,  or 
oiherwise  employed  in  the  issue  of  treasury  noses ; 
provided,  th..i  liie  whole  amount  si lould  not  exceed 
the  sum  of  7,50U,UU0  dcilars.    And  by  the  same  act,. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— T  RE  A  SITRY  REPORT. 


From  ti-'-asury  notes 

111  181''  they  amounted  to  tbe  ««m  of 

Fnini  rfVt-uue 

Ts  um  loans 

Fiom  treasury  notes 

In  1814  thpy  amounted  to  the  sum  of 

From  r  venue 

From  loans 

From  trsrasury  notes 


9,801,13: 
2,S3S,hOO 


•I       -i.  1  •  <.      v^,,,.  „    f,>.-ri,oi-  iiir.1  I  The  nctual  rerei^if  of  th'.  Treasury 

an  authority  was  also  given  to  issue  a  aiit.ier  Mini  ^^^  ^^^^  they  amouute.1  lo  ihesaa.  uf 

of3,0>J,J00  dollars,  to  supply  a  deficiency  in   t.ie  prom  r-venue 
appropi-KuioHS  for  the  expences  of  the  war  depart-  From  loa- 
nient.      The  treasury  notes  issued  under  these  au- 
thorities were  in  all  respects  similar  to  the  prior 
issues  of  treasury  notes,  except  that  the  payment  of 
the  interest,  and  the  rei  nbursement  of  the  princi 
pal  were  not,  as  heretofore,  charged  upon  the  sink- 
ing  fund,  but  upon  my  money  in  the  treasury,  not 
otiierwise  appropriated. 

4.  \.n  authority  was  given  to  issue  and  re-issue 
treasury  notes  for  a  sum  not  exceeding  25,000,0 JO 
of  dollirs,  upon  pri.iciples,  essentially  different 
fiom  t!ie prior  issues. 


285 


22,539,033  76 


14,340.709  95 
2-.0  P,63i 
6,094, --00 


40,524,844  95 


■11, -0  ,605  25 
15.080.546 
8.297.280 


34,378,432  25 


The  ag^-'pate  amount  of  the  reeeipts  into  thr-  trea- 
sury lor  the  three  ytars  of  war  being  the  sum  of   98,''4?,309  96 


1.  These  tr  asury  notes  micht  b»  of  any  denomination.     If  they 
werf  ol"  a  fl^^nomiiiation  lf»ss  thai    00  tlollurs.  they  w^re  to   lii- 
pavahir  to  the  bt-ar^^r,  to  b>' transferaiil.- hy  ritliv.ry,  a-id  to  b^ar 
no'i.it  T■;^t.    Tliis  i! -nomination  has  icqnired  th    d.-sii^iiatum  ol 
"snialt  treasury  not  s."  Ifth-y  wnn-  at  the  denoiiiinatioii  of  10'. 
dollars, (n-i'-.pA'arrls, they  might  oonfonn  to  the  forig  jims  desorii-- 
tio:i;  or  tliA-  w^re  to  be  pnyal>le  to  order,  to  be  fransft  ralilt-  by 
enilorsemi  It,  a-id  to  b  ar  int  rest  at  the  rate  of  5  2-5  i)er  cent 
per  annum.     This  denomioation  ('of  which  only  notes  for  100 
dollars,  heari  ig  interest,  have  l>.'eii  issii^j  has  acquired  the  de- 
sif;i  ation  of  •'trHasui7  notes  of  the  new  emission." 
9.  Th    principal  and  interest  of  these  treasury  notes  are  not  paya- 
bl.-  at  anv  particular  time;  hut  the  notes  ar  ■  evi^ry  where  receiva- 
ble.  in  ail  paymrnts  to  the  United  States. 
S,  Th"  Iiold»rs  of  "small  treasnr)-  not.-s"  may  exchange  them,  at 
pleasur-.  in  sums  not  1  ss  than    -Co  dollars,  for  certificates   o: 
I'u   d.'d  stock,  bearing  intevt^t  It  7  per  cent,  p  r  annum  from  the 
fir^t  day  of  th..  calendar  moinh  next  ensuing  that  i"  wl  icU  th-- 
notes  shall  he  pr-  senti  d  to  the  treasury  of  th.-  Unit  d  Slates,  or 
to  a  commissioner  of  loans,  for  the  purpose  of  rxchange. 

4.  The  holders  of  '-treasury  notes  of  the  new  eniission"  may  ex- 
change till-  11,  at  pleasui-e,  in  sn''is  uot  less  than  10".  dollars,  for 
certifuat'S  of  funded  stock,  bearing  interest  at  6  per  c  nt.  ner 
annum  from  th  •  first  day  of  th-  calenlar  month  n^xt  ensoiug 
that  in  which  th.  y  -ilvill  be  presented  to  the  treasury  of  the  United 
States,  or  a  commissioner  of  loans. 

5.  Ihe  stock  thus  cr.-ated  by  the  exchange  of  tr.'asury  notes,  of 
eilhT  denominaaon,  is  i-'-i'iibursable  at  any  lime  alt  r  tin-  3l5t 
of  Decern!)  r,  l"2i,  and  it  is  ch-n-ged  iipor  such  fimds  as  hed  Iv-.n, 
or  should  b<-,  estahlislKd  >iy  law,  f.jr  ihe  paynn-nt  and  r  i.uimrse- 
ment  of  the  funded  public  debt,  contracted  since  the  declaration 
of  war. 


The  actual  disbursements  of  tfis  Treasury. 
In  1812  they  amount"  I  to  th    sum  of'  22,279,121  15 

For  the  civil,  diplom.atic  aiid  'niseellane- 

ous  expenCfS  of  the  governn.-iil  1,79!,360  31 

For  the    oilitary  service  (including  the 

indian  d-p-;rtn.  nl)  12,07^773  74 

Fur  tli^  naval  s-rvice  3,95(),'6j   15 

For  the  puulie  debt  4,449,6  2  45 


In  1^13  they  a:iiOnnted  to  the  sura  of  39,190,'>20  35 

For  til-  civil,  dipio  natic   and    n>iscel!a- 

neons  r-xpcnoes  of  the  government         1,833,308  80 
For  th?  mifitarv  service  Cincludiug  the 

i.idian  druirtmeut.  &.C.)  19,gn  ,4''8  02 

For  the  navil  service  <i,i46,6i"'0   10 

Fur  the  public  debt  11,108,123  44 


It  1^14  they  amounted  to  the  sum  of  38,547,915  62 

F.jr  the  civil,   diplomatic   btmI    miscellu- 

iieoiis  expellees  of  the  govtrnment         2,,337,''97   13 
For  the  military  s-  mce   (including  the 

Indian  depanm  mt,  &c,)  20,510.23? 

For  the  naval  s  rvice  7.31   ."99  90 

For  the  public  debt  B,3S6,  80  59 


lOC.O  7,557  13 


5.  An  .authority  was  given  to  raise  by  loan  a  sum 
not  exceeding  18,4.52,800  dollars,  .and  to  create! 
stock  for  the  amount,  reimbursable  .at  any  time  af- 
ter the  expir.ation  of  twelve  years  from  the  last  day 
of  Deceinbe-,  1R15.  Xeit'ier  th.e  rate  of  interest, 
nor  the  price  of  the  stock,  was  limited;  but  it  Vv'as 
declared,  th.it  there  migrht  be  received  in  payment 
of  subscriptions  to  the  loan,  such  trca-sury  notes  as 
■vyere  actually  issued,  before  the  passing  of  tlieact, 
and  which  were  m.adebylavv  a  charge  on  the  sink- 
ing fund.  And  the  payinent  of  the  interest,  andthe 
reimbursement,  or  the  purchase  of  the  principal 
stock,  are  charged  upon  the  sinking  fund. 

6.  It  was  declared,  that  any  holder  of  any  treasu- 
ry notes  issued,  or  authorised  to  be  issued,  under 
any  laws  previously  passed,  might  convert  them  in- 
to certificates  of  funded  debt,  bearing  an  intej-est 
of  six  per  cent,  per  annum. 

7.  And  it  was  declared,  that  it  should  l}e  lawful 
for  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  to  cause  to  be  paid 
the  interest  upon  tlie  treasury  notes,  which  have 
become  due  and  remain  unpaid,  as  well  with  respect 
to  the  time  clapsedbeforethey  beeame  due,  as  with 
respect  to  tlie  time  that  shall  elapse  .after  tliey  be-' 
come  due,  and  until  ftmds  shall  be  assigned  for  the 
payment  of  the  said  treasury  notes,  and  notice 
thereof  shall  be  given. 

The  progress  of  expenditure,  and  of  revenue,  for 
the  entire  period  of  tlie  war,  is  tlius  developed;  and 
indeneudent  of  tiie  balance  of  appropriations  for 
the  year  1814,  which  is  transferred  to  the  ;<ccount'5 
for  t.>e  year  1815,  tlie  subject  maybe  reduced  to  the 
.following  general  abstrjpt. 


■But  as  the  receipts  of  the  treasury  for  the  year 
1815  are  derived  principally  from  the  war  revenue 
and  resources,  and  as  its  expenditures  arise  also 
pvincipallv  from  the  .arrearages  of  the  war  demands; 
it  is  proper  to  comprize  them,  as  far  as  they  z^rc 
ascertained,  in  tire  following  supplemental  state- 
meni : 
1.  The  gross  receipts  of  the  treatury  for  1812  1813, 

and  1 811,  amounted  as  nhove  stated  to  the  sum  ol     98,042,300  96 
The  receipts  into  the  treKsiiry  .'or  181%  to  the  30th 

Septf'mlier  last,  cannot  be  pr  eis.  ly  stpteil,  -as  the 

accounts   to  that  tinv-  Rf    not  yet   actually  made 


up  ;  but  they  arc  estimated  to  have  amoujited  to 


the  sum  of 
From  revtnus 
From  loans 
From  treasury  notes 


1  ■','100,000 
ll.O34,.0O 

15,938, ,00 


39,372,000 


The  aggregat.'  of  the  r-c-iuts  jf  the  treasury  from 
the  1st  of  Jan.  181  •.  to  the  30lli  of  Sept.  ili,  be- 
ing th^  sue,  of  137,414,309  9fi 
2.  The  gross  disbursen>nts  of  th"  treasury  for  1812, 
ISl'  and  1414,  amounted  as  above  stated  to  the 
sum  of  100,017,557  13 
The  disbursements  of  the  treasui^  for  1815,  to  the 

30th  of  Sept.  last  amnnnt  d  to  th    sum  of  33.6ae,333   IS 

For  the  civil,  iliplnmatic  and  miscet 

laneous  expences  2,537,^00 

For  the  militnrv  service,  Sec.  15,790.M.    71 

For  the  naval  ser\  ice,  &;c.  7,O50.'X)0  25 

For  the  public  debt  8.909.178  22 


Tlie  aggregate  of  the  disbursements  of  the  treasury 
from  the  1st  .fan.  1812,  to  the  30th  of  Sept.  1815, 
being  the  sum  of  133,703,88"   Jl 


It  will  be  natural  here  to  enquire  into  tlie  g-cne- 
ral  elfects  of  the  war  upon  the  public  debt  of  the 
United  States;  and  the  annexed  table  marked  C. 
exhibits  a  detailed  stafement  of  the  unsatisfied 
amount  on  the  1st  day  of  .Fan.  .annually,  from  the 
year  1791  to  the  year  1315,  botli  inclusive.  The 
subject,  liowever,  may  he  placed  distlnctiy,  in  the 
follo'ving  point  of  vie>v,  npon  estimates  referring  to 
Ithe  date  of  the  SOtli  of  Sept.  1815. 


r/{56    NILES'  V/EEKLY  RE^ilSTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815, 


Of  the  Public  Debt. 
1.  The   amount  of  tJie  funded  debt  contracted 
before  the  war,  uliidi  remained  unsatisfied  on  the 
SOth   Sept.   JS15  jr.av   be   stated    at   tlie   sum   of 
39,135,-4 '.q.  dollars  96  cents,  to  wit: 
3,  111  iii.!  6  p.  r  com.  stock,  tilt  iioaiiiial 

air,oii..lb.  ii)g  17,''5  ,S71  3i9 

aiiiou.it  rtiiiibuised  bting      13,. 67,5  7 


iUli    illir 


balance  Jueon  thi  .■JOtli  Sjpt.  1.15, 
9,  li.  ill  r  irti  (i  [VI-  cent,  stock,  the  no- 

niii  alu:i»oiiiit  beiciff  9,35S,320  85 

And  ll:r  aiHUUiit  iciiiiblU'Sed  bfilig  4,  52,5-13  93 


3,783,284  39 


Ba!aiicpdu(  on  the  SOili  of  Sejitember  1815 

3.  Ii!  '  p-r  Ci  'I.  stuck 

4,  III  ei.cli-n]i{jvd  6  ijer  cent,  stock  uudcr  the  act  of 
l-'l-2 

f.  Ill  e  ptr  cfilt  sJocU  of  i7y6 
<3.  In  iiiuisiana  tj  ptr  Ci;iit.  stuck. 


'.?35,770  -'2 
16,]5-!,177  43 

2,9P4.74c   72 

8  ,000 
10,9  3^500 


J3a!aucf  d-ie  011  the  3"tli  of  Sent,  l?15.  of  thp  whole 

vt'  lilt-  inmlic  debt  coatracttj  beSoi-o-  th    w«r  39,1.^5,484  96 

2.  The  .iniouni  of  the  funded  debt  contracted  on 

account  of  the  late  wur  on  the  oG'.h  of  Sept.  1815, 

snay  be  stated  at  the  sum  of  62,144,972  dollars  5iJ 

eents;  to  v.'it : 

S.  In  6  pi  r  cent,  stock  of  181-2  (the  11  0  0,0;iO  loait) 
aiiiliMiiscd  l<y  thf  act  o'  th--  tli  of  Miii-eb,  1312, 
o'  i.iii.Ml  at  par,  and  not  rcia  biusable  betor.-  the 
yrar  18  5 

3-  111  fi  p  r  cfiit.  stei-kuf  :813  (the  IP,  00,000  Iwan) 
aiitlitr.s"il  b)  liip  a*-!  iil'lh'  8thot  F.  b.  181~,  ob- 
ta'ii.  d  at  till  i-att;  ol  >■?•  dull-trs  in  caOi  for  100  dol- 
li»rs  m  stuck, aiidiiot  ivimliursablc  before  the  )ear 
1826 

?.  In  6  per  cpnt.  stock  of  1813  (the  7,SOO,0<",  loan) 
anthoi-isid  bylheactof  the  2d  of  AiiKuit,  1S13, ob- 
tained at  tie  late  of  8  '  doltu's  5  <-tnts  in  money 
for  1  <  dollars  in  stock,  and  not  reimbursable  be- 
fen  the  y,  ar  182(5 

d.  I.'ifi  percent,  stock  of  1^;  4  (which  arsi-.  from  loans 
in  parts  of  a  aiini  of  2i.0or>,00  >  of  dollars,  culled 
th  t.  n  luilj'on  Join  and  tli.'  six  inillj.in  loni.)  an- 
thorisi-fl  by  tlir'  act  of  t'e  2-  th  of  Miin-h,  18  .,  ob- 
tain-d  lit  di,!'  reet  rads.  and  not  reimbursable  bc» 
fore  IS  >7,  to  wit: 

12,  9,,<88  96   .t  8<     pa- c'-nt. stock, 
1  '0,810        at  as    pir  cent. 
43.222  25  at  90  3-4  per  cent. 
74,,i90  75  at  90  1-2  per  cent. 


7,860,'00 


18,109,377  48 


3,498,581  05 


IS,S66,ni  21 

165.6  8  &2 

47.627   79 

8i;,4.0  72 


Of  this  as:g:reg;at-'  there  lias  been  subscribed  in  princi- 
pal anil  interest  to  the  loanof  ISls.a'.'unl  the  snin  of  4,531,.';S?     8 

From  uhich  deducting  an  av(j.-ageesliniateof  near  one 
years  inierest,  about  the  sum  of  215,587    6 

There  will  remain  for  the  amount  of  principal  subscrib- 
ed to  the  loan,  ahoiil  th-'  sum  of  4,315,000 

And  it  is  estim.ital  tliat  therr  has  been  paid  on  account 
of  dutit  s  and  taxes,  to  th  -  collectors  of  the  customs, 
the  internal  duties  and  the  direct  tax,  about  the 
sum  of  1,200,000 


5,515,000 
Outstanding  amount  of  trea!in7  notes,  bearing  inte- 
rest at  5  2-5  per  cent,  per  ana.  about  the  sum  of       14,686,600 


2.  The  apsi'cgate  of 'small  treasury  notes,'  issued  and 
i-t  -issueii  u;,der  the  act  of  the  ?4th  Feb.  1 8I5,auiount» 
toalx<ut  the  sun.  of  4,142.3:0: 

Of  this  aggr-gat  there  has  been  funded  for  7  per  cent. 
stock  included  ui  thi  tbregoing  statement  of  the 
funded  public  debt,  about  tlie  sum  of  3,26  ,9-l9.- 

And  thi  re  iias  b.  en  imi''  on  account  of  duties  and  taxes, 
about  the  sum  of  51,  00: 

Ontstaniling  'snrall  tr  asury  notes,'  about  the  sam  of 

3.  The  aggregate  ot  the  treasury  notes  ol  the  new  eniis. 
sion,  issued  under  the  act  of  .4lh  of  February,  1815, 
amounts  to  about  the  sum  of 


823,901 


694,600 


Leaving  the  amount  of  the  floating  public  debt  in  trea- 

sin-yiioi  s,  on  the  1st  ut  Oct.  1' 15,  about  the  sum  of  16,205,101 
But  lu  this  amount  of  tile  Hnatiug  niihlicdtbt  in  tr.a- 

sury  iiot.-s,  th,  re  iinist  be  aiUled  ihe  following  tem- 

purarj  luans,  to  wit; 
1.  A  t^-iiiporary  loan  made  by  the  state  b.ink  of 

B'lston  ill  1   1-2.  payable  the  -sth  and  31st  of 


Dectniber.  1814,  but  iinp:iid. 


500,000 


li,55),511  87 


15,661,0 1 8   54 


§f  In  6  per  cent,  stork  of  1515.  the  12,000.000  loan 
authoriseil  by  the  act  of  the  3rt  Much,  13 15,  obtain- 
ed at  dirt'ient  rites,  payabh:  in  treasury  notes  or  in 
cash,  a:;d  not  reimbursable  b-.Tore  1837,  to  wit; 
7,9  •%  19,  ,9  at  9 "  per  ceaj.  stocji 
1,047, '.4<S    T  SI  96  1-2 
32,973  i-J  at  97    - 
27£,"eO        at  98 
4,000        at  par 


;i,''41,28,3  77 

1,085,851  03 

3:,998  44 

280,61  24 

4,000 


9,745,745  5," 


\\i  7  percent,  stock  of  1315,  created  by  fiinilins'tMa' 
suvy  notes  not  bearing  inter,  stis<U' d;;it  pa,-,  and 
pan  upon  an  advance,  undi  r  th  -  Hct  of  the  2.th 
of  Feb,     815,  and  not  reimbursable  iMitil  1S25  3,268,949 

Jistimated  amount  o(  the  \\holt  of  the  funded  pub- 
lie  debt  in  r.'fercnce  lu  the  late  v.ar  63,144,972  50 

3,  The  amonnt  of  the  tloatinj^  debt,  contracted 
■since  thecommcncernent  of  the  late  war,  calculated 
to  tlie  30th  of  Sepiember,  1S15,  may  be  stated  at 
the  Slim  of  17,355,101  dollars,  to  wit : 

3.  The  aggregate  of  the  treasury  notes  issued  under 
theaiiiheniv  of  the  sevi  rsl  atts  of  congress,  (inssed 
prior  to  the  act  c!'  2,th  Feb.  1315,  aKSountcd  to  the 
sum  of  ..  .20  ,60  !  dollars,  to  wit: 
PayabU  in  1S14,  but  unpr.id  2.799.200 

Payable  in  1315  7,S47,2-0 

Payable  i'l  IS  16  2,77-,720 

payable  also  in  1816  .^issued  under  the  special  autho- 
rity of  the  act  of  the  Z'Ah  Dec,  18 14; 


2.  A_tenipiirary  louii  made  by  the  Cumberland 
ba'.ik  ill  1812,  pajablethe  1.  th  of  November, 

1817,  iOjOOO 

3.  .\  teinpnrai-y  loan  made  by  the  bank  of  the 
state  of  South  Carolina  in  1814,  payable  tlie 

1st  of  December,  1815,  50,000 

4,  A  ti  mpiirary  loan  made  by  the  Mechanics' 
ba!>k  ol  New-York  in  li  5.  payable  wlieu 
demanded,  200,000 

5,  A  tempoi-iirv  loan  madt  by  the  state  of  New- 
York,  payable  in  the  year  1817,  350,000 


l,150,00a 


M.iking  the  aggregate  amoiuitof  the  floating  public 


di-bt  about  the  sum  of 


17,355,000 


RECAPITULATION. 

1.  The  amount  of  the  u.isatistied  funded  public  debt, 
c-ontr-JCtid  b-.fure  the  war,  on  the  30Lli   Sept.    815, 


was  the  sum  of 

2.  The  amount  ot  the  fuuded  public  debt, 

contracted  in  n-f,  reuce  to  the  late  war. 


39,135,484  9f>. 


on  the  same  day,  the  sum  of 


The  amount  of  the  floating  public  debt, 
contracted  since  the  war,  was,  on  the 


63,144,972  50 


same  da}-,  tho  sum  of 


]7.355,Ti01 


Total  of  ihe  ascertained  amount  of  the  public  debt, 
created  since  the  war  to  the  SCthof  Sept.  18 15,        80,500,073  SO 


Pednot  the  amonnt  reimbursed  in  IPIS  (at  Philitde! 
jihia,  Bal^jiaore,  Wswhjngton,  CUai  lesion  and  Sa 


r,,3n,400 

21,737,600 

1,536.000 
80,201,600 


Total  amount  of  the  national  debt  on  the  COth  of  Sep- 
tember,   815.  119,635,558  46 

It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  ag-gregate  of  the 
national  debt,  thus  stated  to  the  .'^Utji  of  Septem- 
ber, 1815,  is  subject  to  considerable  changes  and 
additions.  The  iloatiiig'  debt  in  treasury  notes  is 
convertible,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  creditors,  into 
funded  debt;  and  independent  of  a  direct  applica- 
tion of  the  current  revenue  to  discharge  the  trea 
sury  liotes,  as  well  as  the  temporary  loans,  there 
must  be  a  great,  vhough  gradual  reduction  of  the 
floating  debt  by  the  payments  made  in  treasury 
notes  for  duties,  t.ixes,  and  public  lands.  TJiere 
are,  indeed,  some  claims  known  to  exist  for  loans, 
supplies,  and  services,  during  Hie  late  war,  wiiich 
have  not  been  liquidated,  or  are  not  embraced  by 
existing  approj^riations;  and,  doubtless,  th?re  are 
other  iegid  and  equitable  claims  which  have  not 
been  brought  iiUoview,  in  any  form  at  the  accovmt- 
ing  department*,  but  wiiicli  may  eventually  receive 
Ui'e  sanction  of  congress.  It  is  not,  however,  within 
t'.ic  scope  of  an  estimate  hitherto  made,  to  stale  the 
prob.ible  addition  to  the  funded  debt,  under  all 
cLcumstances.  at  more  than  5,000,000  of  doUars. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTRR— TREASURY  REPORT. 


267 


■nliicli  would  consequently  place  the  ap:.^^regatc  o<:' 
tlie  funded  debt  ci-eutcd  in  consequence  of  the  wai- 
at  a  sum  not  much  cxceedmg70,wwa,L-oa  of  dollars. 
But  it  may  Ijc  important  to  recollect,  that  the  war 
debt  has  not  been  entirely  incurred  for  objects 
limited  to  the  continu;ince  of  the  w:ir;  and  that  the 
miUtary  and  naval  establishments  in  particvdar,  have 
derived  diu-able  advantag-es  from  the  expenditures 
of  the  treasur}". 

For  tlie  piyiuent  of  the  interest,  and  the  reim- 
bursement, or  gradual  extinguishment,  of  the  na- 


ly  and  exclusively  appropriated  an:l  pledged  to- 
wards sinking  and  dischRrging  the  debts  for  whicli- 
the  United  States  wcrethe:i  holdcn.  Tlie  .'^nncr.ed 
tuble  D.  will  exiiibit  a  statement  of  tlie  quantiiy  of 
the  public  lands,  which  liave  been  annually  sold, 
and  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sales,  as  far  as  can  be 
now  ascertained. 

2.  In  the  year  1"92,  however,  commissioners  were 
designated  and  autliorised  to  purchase  the  public, 
debt,  at  its  market  price  !iot  exceeding  the  pur  va- 
lue; and  the  interest  of  the  debt  purcliased,  togc- 


tional  debt,  tlie  resources  of  the  treasury  are  aliun-  ther  v/ith  the  svu-plus  of  certain  other  .ipprcpriL-.tions 
dant;  although  the  state  of  liie  circulating  medium  iv.-as  assigned  f-n-  that  purpose.  When  the  annual, 
(which  will  be  moi-e  paj-ticularly  considered  here-|amoimt  of  the  fund  thus  created  should  be  equ.d  to 
after)  has  rendered  it  impracticable  to  obtiun  at  all  j  2  per  cent  on  the  6  per  cent  stock,  it  was  divectbd 
times,  upon  reasonable  terms,  the  local  currency  of  [to  be  first  applied  to  the  redemption  of  that  stock, 
sonieoftlie  places  appointed  for  the  disch'trge  of  j  according   to    the  right    resei-veil;  and  then  to  ti-.e 


the  public  engagements.  These  re^oui-ccs  dcpen  '^ 
upon  the  sinking  fund,  connected  witli  the  f^ith  of 
the  United  States,  which  is  pledged  to  supply  from 
tlie  existing,  or  from  other  subjects  of  revenue,  the 
deficiencies  of  tiiat  fund. 

THE  SIXKING  FUN'D. 
The  public  debt  ani®uni.ed,  on  the  1st  of  J.^nuary 
1791,  to  tiie  sum  of  75,463,476  dollars  52  cts.;  and 
it  consisted. 

Ofthe  forJ;;'id.bt,  12,812,S2'    92 

Oitlie  dum.-stic  debt,  6^.6     ,654  CO 


purchase,  at  its  nira'ket  price,  of  any  other  public 
stock. 

3.  In  the  year  1795,  "the  sinking  fund"  v.'as  esta 
blished  by  name;  its  resources  were  vested  m  the- 
same  commissioners;  ajid  its  ojjcrations  were  sub- 
jected to  their  direction  and  manage;p.ent.  The  du- 
ty of  the  commissioners,  independent  of  temporary 
objects,  consisted  in  applying  the  sinkhig  fund,  1st, 
to  the  p3.yment  of  the  6  per  cent  stock,  at  the  sti- 
pulated rate  of  8  per  centum  per  .annvmi;  2d,  to  the 
P'.iyment  of  tlie  deferred  stock  ufter  tlie  yeur  loOl, 
acc;)rding  to  the  same  stipulation;  and,  3d,  i?  any 
surplus  rem-.dned,  towitrds  the  further  a^tdfinai  re- 
deinption  of  the  public  debt,  of  eVeiw  denominatior. 
I'or  the  acconiplisiiment  of  these  purposes,  t.*iere 
Vvere  permanentiy  appropriated  and  pi  -dg'ed,  in 
addiion  to  the  other  monies    constit  iting  tiie  sin.ic- 


7.:,-163,.76  S2 

The  foreig-n  debt  experienced   various    chauges 
in  form  and  iti  amount.     From  1792  to  1795,  it  rose 
above   the  amount  stated  for  1791;  but  from  that 
jjeriodit  was  grjdually  reduced;  tJid  on    he  1st  of; 
Januarv  1801,  it  stood  at  tiie  sum  of  :0,4i9  OJO  dol-| 

lars.  From  tne  vear  18  '1,  i:owever,  th  maual  re-  ]  I'V^  f  I'ld,  ivrid  ti-o  m^erest  of  the  amount  ot  the  pnr- 
duction  was  more  rapid;  imd  in  the  yeai-  1»10,  thelciased  or  redeemed  debt,  1st,  a  sufTicient  sun',  ans- 
forcign  debt  became  exti.^ct  I  i^'J?  ye^uiy,  and  every  year,  from  t!:e  duties  on  im- 

The  domestic  debt  has  .viso  experienced  various !  ports  an- 1  tonnage,  and  tlie  duty  on  dome.stic  dis- 
changes  in  form  und  amount.  It  was  oii.>-inailv  sti- ,  tilied  .spirits  and  stills,  as  might  be  rightfully  paid 
puiated,  that  it  suouid  be  sub;ect  to  rede m'piir.i  .of  the  principal  of  tlie  6  per  cent,  stock,  ccmmcnc- 
bv  pa\mient3  not  exceeding,  in  one  vear,  on  account  ing  on  die  first  of  January  1795;  and  the  deferred 
both  of  principal  and  iiuerest,  the'  proportion  of  8  stock,  commencing  on  the  first  of  January  1802.— 
doiiars  upon  V)0  rloikrs  of  the  stock;  and  when  the  I  2d,  i.ne  dividends  on  the  public  shares  in  tlie  Rank 
sinking  fund  was  constituted  and  organized,  pro-;  of  the  Uniied  Slates,  but  the  shaves  were  soid  m 
vl,i.)n'was  m.ide  for  CiTectir.g  the  pivmcnts  in  thati  1796  and  18J2,  under  an  authority  given  r.i  1/'9d. 
proportion,  until  tiie  whole  debt  should  be  extin- |3d,  t.he  net  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  public  lands 
guisiied,  by  dividends  payable  on  tiie   last  days  of  |  i'^  the  western  territory.     4tlt,   n 


iiories  receivet 


I  in- 


Marcii,  June  and  September,  in  each  year,  at  the 
rate  of  lA  per  cent,  and  on  the  last  day  of  Decem- 
ber ill  e„ch  year,  3i  per  cent,  upon  the  original  ca- 
pital. During  t!ie  fii'SL  period  of  about  ten  years, 
from  1791  until  the  1st,  of  January  IdJl,  Uie  amount 
of  the  domestic  debt  never  fell  beiow  the  sum 
which  has  been  stated,  and  hi  18Ul  it  stood  at  about 
the  sum  of  72,619,050  dollars  80  cents.  Tlie  aug- 
mentation cieatcd  on  account  of  tiie  pnrch.ise  of 
Louisiana  (amounting  to  15,jGJ,03v)  doU.irs)  raiscil 
the  c:ipilid  of  the  domestic  debt  in  1804,  to  tlie  sum 
of  80,691,120  dolls.  88  cents;  but  from  that  period 
there  was  a  considerable  annual  diminution  of  the 
amount,  until  it  w.ts  reduced,  on  tlie  3  Jt)!  of  Sep  em- 
ber 1815,  to  the  already  specified  sum  of  39,135,484 
dolU.  96  cents. 

Tlie  sinking  find,  by  v/hose  operations  tliese  ben- 
eficial effects  have  been  provluced,  may  be  regard- 
ed as  coeval  with  the  organiz.ition  of  the  present 
government,  but  it  has  undergone  many  importimt 
modificavions. 

1.  Tlie  early  appropriations  of  tiie  revenue  were 
confined  to  the  payment  of  the  interest  and  instal- 
ments of  thefi)reign  debt,  and  to  p.iyment  of  the  inte- 
rest of  tlie  domestic  debt;  but  so  early  as  die  4th  of 
August  179  J,  tiie  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  th.e  pub- 
liciands  in  tlie  western  territory  were  pevmaueut- 


To  the  treasury  on  account  of  oid  debts.  .'5th,  the 
surpiusses  of  revenue,  beyond  tlie  amount  of  the 
appropriation.?. 

4.  Sucli  was  the  outline  of  the  sinking--  fund^ 
wiien  on  the  6111  of  .\p.il  I4..;2,  the  internal  dudes 
were  repealed,  and  on  the  29th  of  \;iril  1 6-/2,  u  new 
and  additional  provision  was  made  fijr  the  rcdnnp- 
tion  of  tiie  public  debt.  Thus,  an  annu.tl  sum  of 
7,3(^0,000  doll:us,wa3  permanently  appropriated  and 
vested  in  the  cfmimi'^sioners  of  the  sinking-  fund,  to 
!)e  produced,  1st,  by  the  monies  (other  than  the 
.lurplusses  of  revenue)  which  then  constituted  the 
fund,  or  should  j^rise  to  it  by  virtue  of  any  previous 
provisions;  2d,  by  the  sums  armually  roquiied  to 
10  di'^^c! large  the  interest  and  charges  of  the  pulv 
lie  debt;  and,  3rd,  by  .so  much  of  tiie  duties  on 
ineixhandize  and  loniLige,  as  would  be  necessa- 
ry, together  with  tJie  prccedhig  re.warces,  to  (Com- 
plete the  annual  investment  of  7,3  J3, 000  dollars. — 
Tiie  act  not  only  placed  the  reimbursemeni  of  tlie 
principal,  but  also,  ilie  p.tymc-nt  on  account  of  i:.- 
cerest  and  charges,  of  tiie  pubiic  debt,  under  t!.e 
suj^erintendance  of  the  eouitnissioners;  nui.i^ing  it 
ill  ;ir  duty  to  cause  the  fund  to  be  applied  in  pay- 
ment, 1st,  of  such  suiViS  as  by  virtue  o([  atiy  acts 
they  liad  previously  been  directed  to  pay;  2d,  of sudi 
sums  as  may  be  annually  wanted  to  discharge  tiic 


258    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815. 


interest  and  charges  accruing'  on  any  otiier  part  of 
the  then  debt  of  the  United  States;  3d,  of  sucli 
sums  as  mav  be  annually  required  to  dischar;^-e  any 
instalment  of  the  principal  of  tlie  then  debt:  and 
4th,  as  to  any  surplus,  to  apply  it  towards  the  fur- 
ther and  final  redemption,  by  payment  orjnu-cliuse 
of  the  then  debt:  The  act  of  the  lOtli  of  No- 
vember, 1803,  havinsj  created  6  per  cent  stock 
to  the  amount  of  11,250,000  dollars,  in  piu-su- 
ance  of  the  convention  for  the  purchase  of  I.ou- 
isiana,  ar'dcd  an  annual  sum  of  700  000  doliarb 
to  the  sinkiufi^  fund,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  du- 
ties on  merchiindize  and  tonnage;  and  to  be  appli- 
ed bv  tlie  commissioners  to  the  piivment  of  the  pub- 
lic debt,  including-  the  l^ouisiaoa  stock,  in  the  man- 
lier above  stated.  It  may  be  added,  that  the  inte- 
rest on  the  Louisiana  stock  is  pay:ible  in  Europe; 
but  the  principal  is  reimbursable  at  the  trcasiuy  of 
the  United  States  in  four  amnml  instalments  com- 
mencing in  1808. 

It  is 'obvious  that  a  sinking  fund  of  8,000,000  of 
dollars,  (independent  of  the  general  pledges  in  pri- 
or laws)  was  ample  fur  the  payment  of  the  interest 
and  the  principal  of  the  public  debt,  amoim ting  on- 
ly to  the  sum  of  86,000,000  dolls,  extinguishing  the 
6  per  cent  stock  in  1818,  tlie  deferred  stock  in 
1824,  and  tlie  Ix^uisiana  stock  in  1822,  as  fiist  as  the 
terms  of  the  contracts,  and  tlie  policy  of  tl^e  govern- 
prent  would  permit.  The  general  operation  of  the 
fund,  indeed,  lias  been  shewn;  but  it  is  proper, 
more  particularly  to  add,  that  on  the  1st  of  Janua- 
ry 1815,  tliere  had  been  transferred  to  the  credit  of 
the  commissioners,  in  the  boo!;.:,  of  the  treasury, 
an  amount  of  ])ublic  del^t  equal  to  the  sum  of 
33,873,463  doUai--)  98  cents,  of  the  following  denomi- 
nations, to  wit: 

1.  Foreign  debt. 

8,200.000 
820,000 
3,180,000 
12,200,000 

2.  Domestic  debt. 

6  per  cent,  stock  l,P4f,,025  92 

S  jiev  cent  stock  658,5.55  -'l 

DefKiTed  6  per  cent,  ttock  1,003,179  83 

8  per  cent,  stock  6,482,500 

Exchangerf  6  per  cent,  stock  6,i94,051  12 

tomputc<1  6  p' I-  Ctiut.  stock  1,859,850  70 

4  1-2  per  cent,  stock  175,000 

.«  1-2  per  c*>ut.  stock  1,34  .,900 

Navy  fi  per  ctnt. stock  711.700 

Louisiana  6  per  cent,  stock  316,500 

«  per  cent,  stock  of  1313    ■  32i,200 

21,673,  ;63  93 


3  per  cent,  stock 

4  1-J'  per  Cent,  stock 
4  per  ceut.  stock 


33,i73,i63  98 

But  the  charges  upon  the  sinking  fund  have  aocu- 
iTiulatcd,  in  consequence  of  the  late  \var,  to  an 
niiiount  which  it  has  not  tlie  capacity  to  defray;  while 
its  operations,  in  other  respects,  have  been  obstruct- 
ed by  the  temporary  failure  of  tl.-e  revenue  ainsing 
"i' om  duties  on  merchandize  and  tonnag- ,  -nd  the 
})roti':icted  embairassments  of  tlie  circula6ng  medi- 
um.     Thus, 

1.  The  annual  .ippropriation  for  the  sinking  fund 
amoimts  to  8,000,000  of  dollars,  and  consists  at  jirc 
went. 
J.  Of  the  interest  on  such  parts  of  the  public 

<1eht   as   have  been  reimbursed  or  paid  off 

fwhicli,  bowev  r,  is  sdf  derived   fro'n   the 

eustoms)  esti  mated  on  the  30th  of  beptem- 


Ver,  1816,  at  th»-surnof 


2.  Of  the  net  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  the  puli- 
lic  land?,  ttxcliisivH-  of  lands  sold  in  llie  Mis- 
sissippi tenntory  (which  as  yet  beloni?  to  tlie 
state  of  Georgia)  estimated  annually  at  the 
sum  of 

Q,  Of  Uie  proceeds  of  duties  on  imports  and  ton- 
nage, to  complete  the  annual  investments,  es- 
>ym»ted  at  the  sum  of 


1,969,577  64 


800,000 


5,230,422  36 


-8.000,000 


2.  Tlie  annual  charge  upon  the  sinking  fund,  esti- 
mated tor  1816,  will  amount,  probably,  to  the  ^ura 
of  14,524,200  dollars. 
On  account  ot  the  interest  and  the  instalments 

of  the  old  debt,  tlif  sum  of  3,460,000, 

On  thf  acsount  of  the  interest  of  the  new  debt, 

cooiputed  on  a  capital  of  seventy  millions  of 

dollars,  about  the  sum  of  4,"00,000 

On  account  of  the  piinciual  and  interest  of  trea-  ' 

sury  i<ot>-s,  issutd  und<  r  the  act  of  the  .<0th  of 

June,  1812, the 2jth of  February,  ISl.'.and  the 

4tb  of  March,  r'l4,  (after  allowinc;  liir  the  a- 

niount  reimbursed,  subscribed  to  the  loan,  and 

paid  for  duties}  about  the  sum  of  6,':64,200 

14,534,300 

Deficit  in  the  amount  of  t];e  sinking  fund,  c-om- 
pared  with  the  charges  upon  it,  estimated  for  1816» 
6,524,200. 

From  tills  view  of  the  financi.nl  operations  of  the 
government,  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  witli  eve- 
ry sentiment  of  deference  and  respect,  presents  the 
following  general  conclusions,  flir  the  consideratioa 
of  congress; 

1.  That  the  existing  revenue  of  the  United  States, 
arises,  1st,  from  duties  on  imported  mcrcliandize, 
and  the  tonnage  of  vessels;  2d,  internal  duties,  in- 
cluding the  direct  tax  upon  lands,  houses,  and  slaves; 
and  3d,  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  public  landSi- 
but  some  of  these  duties  and  taxes  fire  pernianentlv 
imposed,  and  some  are  limited  hi  tlieir  duration. 

2.  That  the  following  duties  or  taxes  are  either 
partially  or  wholly  limited  in  their  duration.  1st. 
The  duties  on  merchandize  and  tonnage,  will  be 
reduced  one  hrdf  on  the  17th  ofFcbruary,  1816;  ex- 
cept such  as  .are  imposed  on  goods  of  the  like  de- 
scri]jtion  \\  ith  the  articles  of  domestic  manufacture, 
on  wliieh  duties  have  been  laid,  and  included  in  the 
general  pledge.  2nd,  the  new  duty  on  salt,-  the  du- 
ly on  sugar  refined  within  the  United  States,  and 
the  stamp  duty  on  bank  notes,  promissory  notes 
discounted,  and  on  bills  of  exchange,  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  general  pledge,  and  will  wholly  cease, 
on  the  17th  of  February,  1816. 

3.  That  the  following  duties  or  taxes  are  not  li- 
mited in  tlicir  duration,  and  are  included  in  the  ge- 
neral pledge.  1st,  The  direct  tax  upon  lands, 
houses,  ;ind  slaves.  2nd,  The  duties  upon  licences 
to  distillers  of  spirituous  liquors,  :md  upon  the  li- 
quors distilled.  3d,  The  duty  upon  licences  to  re- 
tailers of  wines,  spirituous  liquors,  and  foreign  mer- 
chandize. 4tli,  Tlie  duty  upon  sales  at  auction. — 
5ih,  the  duty  upon  carriages  and  harness.  6th,  tlie 
duties  upon  houseliold  furniture  and  watclies.  7th, 
The  duties  on  arlicles  manufactured  or  made  for 
sale  vithin  the  United  States.  8th,  The  rate  of. 
postage. 

4th'.  That  the  faith  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
revenue  arising  from  the  duties  and  taxes,  whicli  are 
not  limited  in  their  duration,  are  pledged  for  the 
punctual  p;i)'ment  of  the  public  debt,  principal  and 
interest,  according  to  the  terms  of  tlie  contracts 
respectively;  and  fur  creating  an  adequate  sinking 
fund,  gradu:dly  to  reduce  and  eventually  to  extin- 
guish the  debt.  But  this  pledge  will  be  satisfied  by 
the  sui>stitatioii  of  other  adeauate  duties  or  taxes; 
and  the  increase  in  the  proceeds  of  the  duties  on 
merchandize  and  tonnage,  subsequent  to  the  pledge, 
afford  an  advantageous  opportunity  of  making  such 
substitution,  in  respect  to  the  more  inconvenient 
and  burthensome  portion  of  the  internal  duties. 

5.  Tjiat  the  establishment  of  a  revenue  .system, 
which  shall  not  be  exclusively  dependent  upon  the 
su]5plies  of  foreign  conuue'-ce,  appe:u-s,  at  thisjunc- 
tiu-e,  to  chiim  particular  attention. 

IT.  A  x'ieic  of  the  finances  for  1815,  luith  estimates 
of  the  public  revenue  and  expences  for  1816. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  session  of  congress,  th^ 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TREASURY  REPORT. 


269 


demands  upon  the  treasury  were  interesting-  in  tlieir 
nature,  as  well  as  great  in  their  amount.  Exclusively 
of  the  ordinary  expences  of  the  g'overnment,  they 
consisted  of  demands  for  the  payment  of  tl\e  army, 
preparatory  to  its  reduction  to  the  peace  establish- 
ment, with  other  very  heavy  arrearag-es  and  dis- 
bursements on  the  war  and  navy  departments;  for 
the  pavment  of  the  dividends  on  the  funded  debt, 
and  of  the  arrcaratycs  as  well  as  the  accriung-  claims, 
on  account  of  tlie  treasury  note  debt,  and  for  the 
pavment  of  the  Louisiana  dividend-s,  with  otlier 
considercible  debts  contracted  in  Earopc,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  late  war. 

'  Tiieefficiencyoftlie  means  which  were  possessed 
for  the  iiquidaiion  of  these  demands,  depended  up- 
on circumstances  beyond  the  control  of  the  g-overn- 
ment.  TJie  balance  of  money  in  tlic  treasury  con- 
ifisted  of  bank  credits,  l)'ine^  chiefly  in  tlie  southern 
and  western  sections  of  the  union.  The  revenue, 
proceeding'  from  tlie  provision,  made  prior  to  the 
last  session  of  congress,  was,  comparatively,  of 
small  aniount.  The  revenue,  proceeding  from  the 
prevision  made  during  that  session,  could  not  be 
available  for  a  great  portion  of  the  present  year; 
und,  in  both  instances,  the  revenue  was  payable  in 
treasurv  notes,  or  it  assumed  the  from  of  bank 
credits,  ..t  the  respective  pL.ces  of  collection.  The 
only  rem  lining  resources  for  immediate  use,  were 
an  additional  issue  of  treasury  notes,  and  a  loan; 
but  the  successful  employment  of  tliese  resources 
vras  rendered,  for  some  time,  doubtful,  by  the 
peculiar  situation  of  the  credit  arid  currency  of  the 
nation. 

'  The  suspension  of  specie  payments,  throughout 
tlie  greater  proportion  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
(consequent  circulation  of  the  interchange  of  bank 
notes  and  bank  credits,  between  the  institutions  of 
the  different  states,  had  deprived  the  treasury  of 
all  the  fiicilities  of  transferring  its  funds  from  place 
to  place;  and  a  proposition,  wliich  was  made  at  an 
early  period,  to  tlie  princi])al  banks  of  the  commer- 
cial cities,  on  the  line  of  the  Atlantic,  with  a  view, 
in  some  degree  to  restore  those  facilities,  could  not 
pe  effected,  for  tiie  want  of  a  concurrence  in  the 
requisite  number  of  banks.  Hence,  it  has  happen- 
ied  (and  tlie  duration  of  the  evil  is  without  any  po- 
sitive limitation)  tliat,  liowever  adequate  the  public 
revenue  may  be  in  its  general  product  to  discharge 
the  public  engagements,  it  becomes  totally  inade- 
quate in  the  process  of  its  application;  since  the 
possession  of  public  funds,  in  one  part,  no  longer 
affords  the  evidence  of  a  fiscal  capacity  to  discharge 
a  public  debt,  in  an}^  otlier  part  of  the  union. 

From  tlic  suspension  of  specie  payments,  and 
from  various  other  cautes,  real  or  imaginary,  dif- 
ferences in  the  rate  of  exchange,  arose  between  the 
several  states,  and  even  between  the  several  dis- 
tricts in  the  same  state,  and  the  embiu-rassments 
of  the  treasury  were  more  and  more  increased; 
since  congress  had  not  sanctioned  any  allowance  on 
account  of  the  rate  of  exchange,  and  tlie  amount 
of  the  legislative  appropriations,  was  the  same, 
Vherever  the  legislative  objects  were  to  be  effect-' 
ed.  But  the  treasury  notes  partook  of  the  inequal- 
ities of  the  exchange  in  the  transactions  of  indivi- 
duals, although  the  treasurer  could  only  issue  them 
at  their  par  value  The  public  stock,  created  in 
consideration  of  a  loan,  also  partook  of  the  inequali- 
ties of  the  exchange;  altlioug-h  to  the  government, 
the  value  of  the  stock  created,  and  the  obligation 
of  tlie  debt  to  be  disciiarged,  were  the  same  wher- 
ever the  subscription  to  tlie  loan  might  be  made. 
Thus,  notwitlistanding  the  apple  revenue  provided! 
and  permanently  pledged,   for  the  payment  of  the) 


public  creditor;  and  notwithstanding  the  au.spicious 
influence  of  peace  upon  tlie  resources  of  the  nation, 
the  market  price  of  the  treasury  notes  and  of  the 
public  stock,  was  every  where  fr.r  below  its  ])ar  at 
true  value,for  a  considerable  period  aftt-r  the  ad  jouni- 
ment  of  congress;  vibrating-,  however,  with  the 
changeof  place,  from  ther.ateof  75  to  tlie  rate  of 
90  per  cent.  Payments  in  bank  paper  were  imiver- 
sally  prefen-ed  dtiring  that  period,  to  payments  in 
the  paper  of  the  government;  and  it  was  a  natural 
consequence,  that  wherever  the  treasury  failed  in 
procuring  a  local  currency,  it  failed,  also,  in  mak- 
ing a  stipulated  payment. 

Under  these  extraordinary  and  perplexing  cir- 
cumst.ances,  the  great  eflort  of  the  treasurv  was, 
1st,  to  provide  promptly  and  eflecLually  for  all  urg- 
ent demands,  at  tlic  proper  place  of  p.a\ment,  and 
to  the  requisite  amount  of  funds:  2d,  to  overcome 
the  difHculties  of  the  circulating  medium  as  far  as 
it  was  practicable;  so  that  no  creditor  s'lould  re- 
ceive more,  and  no  debtor  pay  less,  in  effective  va- 
lue, on  the  same  account,  than  cveiy  other  credi- 
tor, or  every  other  debtor:  and  third,  to  avoid  anv 
unreasonable  sacrifice  of  the  public  property;  par- 
ticularly v.'hen  it  must,  also,  be  attended  with  a  sa- 
crifice of  the  public  credit.  It  was  not  expected 
that  tliis  effort,  would  every  wlicre  produce  the 
same  satisfaction,  and  the  same  results;  but  tiie  be- 
lief is  entertained,  that  it  has  been  successful  in 
the  attainment  of  its  objects,  to  the  extent  of  a 
just  anticipation. 
OF  TIIE  ISSUES  OF  Th'E  TREASURY  NOTES. 

The  treasury  notes  wiiicii  were  issued  under  acts 
passed  prior  to  tlie  24th  of  Februai-y,  1815,  were 
foi"  the  most  part,  of  a  denomination  too  higii,  to 
sei-ve  as  a  current  medium  of  exchange;  and  it  was 
soon  ascertained,  that  the  small  treas-ury  notes, 
fundable  at  an  interest  of  7  per  cent,  tliougli  of  a 
convenient-  denomination  for  common  use,  would 
be  converted  into  stock  almost  as  soon  as  they  were 
issued.  Witli  respect  to  the  first  description,  there- 
foi'e,  t!ie  issue  has  not  been  restrained;  but,  with 
respect  to  the  second  description,  tlie  issue  has 
been  generally  limited  to  cases  of  peculiar  urgency; 
such  as  tlie  payment  of  the  army  preparj.tory  to 
its  reduction;  the  payment  of  the  tlividends  on  the 
public  debt,  where  the  local  currency  could  not  be 
obtained;  and  the  payment  of  an  inconsiderable 
amount  of  miscellaneous  claims,  apparently  enti- 
tled to  distinction.  The  annexed  table  marked  E, 
contains  a  statement  of  the  aniount  of  the  small 
treasury  notes,  which  had  been  issued  on  the  30tli 
of  September,  181.5,  from  which  it  appears, 

1.  Tliat  tht-ie  liad  been  i:>sued  for  the  payment  of  tlie 

army,  a  sum  of  1,-J65,069 

2.  I'hat  tlit-ie  had  been  issued  for  the  payment  of  the 

public  (!<.bt,  th«  sum  of  1,203,100 

3.  That  thin-t  liad  bneu  issued  for  sundry  miscellaneous 
chiinis,  the  sum  of  109,631 

4.  'I'liat  there  has  been  sold  at  an  advance  prO'luciiig; 
3j,107  64  for  the  piiipose  ol  raising  funds  to  meet  the 
general  engagements  yf  the  treajiury,  a  sum  of  1,365,000 

4.142,850 

OF  TIIE  LOAN. 

The  act  of  the  3d  of  March  1815,  authorized  a 
loan,  for  a  sum  not  cxceedhig  18,452,800  dollars;  it 
was  made  lawful  to  accept  in  payment  of  subscrip- 
tions such  treasury  notes,  as  had  been  charged  on 
the  sinking  fund;  and  a  commission  not  exceeding 
one  quarter  of  one  per  cent,  was  allowed,  for  sel- 
ling the  certificates  of  stock,  or  procuring  subscrip 
tions  to  the  loan.  Under  this  authoi-ity  the  annexed 
notice,  marked  F,  dated  the  10th  of  March  1815, 
was  published,  opening-  a  loan  for  the  sum  of 
12,000,000  dollars,  with  a  view,  1st,  to  absorb  a^ 
portion  of  the  treasury  note  debt;   2d,   to  obtain 


270    IS'ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815. 


funds  foi-  paying:  tlie  unsubscribed  aiTcaragcs  of 
thai;  debt;  and  3d,  to  aid  the  treasury  witli  a  supply 
of  ihe  local  currencies  of  different  places,  in  some 
proportion  to  tlie  probable  amount  of  the  local  de- 
niM'di. 

The  offers  to  subscribe  to  the  loan  prior  to  tlie 
19th  of  April,  1815,  placed  (as  it  was  proper  to 
place)  money  and  treasury  notes  upon  the  same 
footing';  but  th.e  offers  varied  essentially,  in  the 
terms  and  conditions  that  were  aimexed  to  them; 


payable  in  treasury  notes  have  been  made  in  all 
pi. ices,  at  the  dun;e  rate  of  95  per  cent.  A  general 
abstract  of  tlie  sUite  of  the  loan,  may,  therefore  be 
reduced  Xo  tiie  foilov/injj  form: 

In    the  district   of  Columbia  the    subscriptions 
have  amounted, 

1.  In  moiity  to  tlic  sum  of  2,282.037  38 

2.  lu  trtasury  iiotts  to  rlie  sura  of  i57,276  tjS 


ar.d,  in  poir.t  of  fuct,  no  direct  offer  was  made  to  ^."",'1',",'',;^' 


Ii>  Biltimore,  the  subscriptions  have 


2,539,314  03 


subscribe  at  a  hig-her  rate  than  89  per  cent,  whik 
some  of  tlie  offers  were  made  at  a  rate  lower  than 
seventy  five  per  cent.  Upon  this  expci'iraenc,  thei-e- 
fore,  it  w;is  seen  at  once,  tjiat  tWe  new  situation  of 
tha  treasi'^y  required  a  new  course  of  p'-occcding-, 
and  that  neitlicr  the  justice  due  to  tlie  equal  rii^hts 
of  tlie  public  crt-ditors,  nor  a  fair  estimate  of  tiie 
value  of  the  public  proppity,  nor  an  honorable  reg'ard 
for  ilie  public  credit,  would  permit  the  loan  to  as- 
sume die  shape  .nid  character  of  a  scramble;  subser- 
vient to  tiie  speculations  wliich  create  what  is 
calied  a  jn^.rkei  price,  and  sliifiing  in  every  town 
and  village  of  every  state,  ;icco;  ding  to  tlie  arbitrary 
variations  of  what  is  called  the  difference  of  ex- 
change. 

In  ihis  view  of  tlie  subject,  all  the  offers  of  sub- 
scription to  the  loan,  in..de  in  the  Mrst  instance, 
were  declined;  but  it  was  declared,  at  the  s;.me 
time,  tluit  offers  at  the  rate  of  95  per  cent,  would 
be  accepted.  The  rate  tJius  pi'oposed,  was  adopted, 
upon  a  coastder;-tion  of  the  value  of  the  stock;  of 
the  equitable,  us  well  as  leii'al  claim  of  the  holders 
of  treasury  notes;  and  of  tlic  real  con fli Lion  of  the 
public  credit.  The  ohject  of  the  loan  being  (as 
already  stated)  to  absorb  a  portion  of  the  treasury 
note  debt,  and  to  acquire  a  sufficiency  of  local  cur- 
rency, for  local  purposes,  tlie  price  of  the  stock  at 
the  treasury  was,  of  course,  independent  of  tlie 
daily  up-and-down  prices  of  the  various  stock  mar- 
kets in  the  imion,  and  could  only  be  afJected  by  tlie 
progress  towards  the  attainment  of  those  objects. 
Tiius,  while  the  wants  of  the  treajsury  were  insuf- 
liciently  supplied,  offers  to  subscribe  were  freely 
accepted,  and  the  parties  were  sometimes  authori- 
sed and  invited  to  increase  tjie  amount  of  their  of- 
fers; but  v.'here  local  funds  had  so  accumulated,  as 
to  approacii  tlie  probable  amount  of  the  local  de- 
mands, the  price  of  the  stock  was  raised  at  the 
treasur\ ;  and,  where  the  accumulation  was  deemed 
adequate  to  the  whole  amount  of  the  local  demands, 
the  loan  was  closed. 

The  policy  of  the  course  pursued  at  the  treasury 


to  the  sum  of 
lu  treasuiy  notes  to  the  sum  of 


1.994.818  ."iO 
6>,8,66l  90 


111  Pliiladcliihia,  the  subscriptions  have 

1.  In  money  to  the  sum  of  l.Sa.ii.O  0 

2.  lii  tleusury  notes  Co  the  sum  of  1,200,  08  69 


2,603,430   40 


In  Now-Yoi-k,  tlie  subscriptions  have 
airiountrrf, 

'.  In  money  to  the  sum  of 
.  la  treasury  notes 


3,105,568  59 


601   44 

658,;  71  61 


In  Rlm'h-Islari'l.  tlie  subscriptions  Iiave  amounted, 
in  tiv.iiury  nou  <.  to  tiie  <uni  of 

I:i  Massaohesitts,  (lie  subscriptions  liave amounted, 
in  trms'iry  iiolK.to  lli-suoiof 

In  NtM-Ha  iijjiiiirK.  liie  sutiscriptiu'is  amounted,  in 
treas  iry  not-  s.  to  tie  sum  ol 

lo  North  Ciioluiju  the  subscriptions  HinouDted,  in 
treasury  notes,  to  tiie  sum  of 


658,973   05 

132,020  69 

97,301   32 

52,386  26 


9,  84,044  38 


Having  thus  absorbed  a  portion  of  the  treas'ury 
note  debt,  and  deeming  the  treasury  to  be  possessed 
'^  of  a  sufficient  supply  of  tlie  local  currency  of  the 
places  at  wjiich  the  treasury  notes,  unsubscribed, 
and  in  arrears,  were  payable  by  Ian-,  except  in  the 
cities  of  New  York  and  Boston,  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury  proceeded  to  assign  funds  for  the  pay- 
ment of  tlie  treasury  notes,  and  to  give  notice  there- 
of, in  the  form  of  the  annexed  copies,  (marked  res- 
pectively H.  and  I.)  in  pursuance  of  the  act  of  con- 
gress, passed  on  the  third  of  Marcli,  1815.  .-V^  ti 
sufficient  supply  of  the  local  currencies  of  Boston 
and  New  York  liad  not  been  obtained,  the  over- 
ture was  made  in  tlie  same  notice  to  discliarge  tlie 
treasury  notes  pay.-ible  in  those  cities  and  in  arrears 
by  accepting  them  in  subscriptions  to  the  loan,  at 
the  r.ite  of  95  per  cent,  by  exchanging  them  for 
other  treasury  notes,  in  wliich  the  interest  due 
sjiould  be  included  tis  principal;  or  by  giving  drafts 
for  the  amount  upon  any  of  tlve  l;anks',  in  which  the 
government  possessed  funds.  This  overture  is  still 
open   to  tlie  consideration    and   acceptance  of  the 


was  soon  demonstrated^  Offers  o.  subscription  to  i.^^^j^^.^  ^^  ^,^^  ^,.^^^^,.^  ,^^^^^  .^^  question;  and  it 
the  loan,  at  the  rate  of  9oper  cent,  payable  in  trea-,j,^^,  been  accepted,  in  ihe  shape  of  subscriptions  to 
sury  notes,  (.r  in  money,  were  presented  to  a  large'  ,,^  ,  ^^  a  considerable  extent.  Since  tlie  30th 
amount,^  soon  lutcr  the  rule   o,   the  treasu.-y  wasj^f  g^p.^^^^^er  these  amount,  including  some  sub- 

scriptions,  tiie   tletails   of  which  have  not  yet  bi;?ii 
completed,  to  more  tluui  two  millions  of  dollars. 


declared;  and  tiie  annexed  table  marked  G,  will 
exhibit  the  progressive  and  actual  state  of  all  the 
subscriptions  to  the  3Uth  of  September  last. 

In  the  district  of  Columbia,  tlie  money  subscrip- 
tions (including  the  subscripdou  of  certain  liqui- 
dated cl.iims  upon  the  treasury)  were  successivelv 
at  95,  96|,  97  and  98  per  cent,  .ind  finally,  at  par. 
In  the  city  of  Baltimore,  the  money  subscriptions 
hare  been  at  95  and  96^  per  cent.     lu   the  city  of 


Of  the  Iransfir  of  balances  of  appropriations  and  of 

rci'fniie  from   1814  to  1815. 

In  the  administration  of  the  finances,  it  has  been 

the  practice  to  consider  llie  demands  and  supplies 

of  each  year,  as  distinct   subjects    for  legislative 

1  provision,   independent    of  the   balances  of  appro- 


Philadelphia,  the  money  subscriptions  have  been  en-!priations,  or  of  revenue,  existing  at  die  close  of  the 
tirely  at  95  per  cent.  The  price  was  raised  at  the j preceding  years.  I'iie  same  course  will  now  b^ 
treasury  fruui  95  to  98  per  ceni.  on  t!ie  18th  of  June  [pursued,  but  widi  a  few  explanatory  remaiks.  The 
(subject,  of  course,  to  all  unexecuted  subscriptions  annual  appropriations  have  never  been  entirely  ab- 


prcvini:sly  accepted  or  authorised)  and,  since  tliat 
time,   considerable  offers  have  been  received  at  95 


sorbed,  during  tiie  year  for  which  tjiey  were, made; 
and  the  credit  given,  bylaw,  for  payments  in  every 


and  96  per  cent,  but  none  have  been  received  at  tliejbrancli  of  tiie  revenue,  necessarily  introduces  a  dis- 
incrtiased  rate  of  yi>  per  cent.    The  subscriptions  J  crimination  between  the  amount  of  duties  wLidi 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TREASURY  REPORT. 


271 


accrues  within  the  year,  as  a  debt  to  viie  ^overn- 
jnent;  and  the  amount  wiiich  is  paid,  v/ivhin  Uie 
year,  as  tjioney  into  the  treasury.  T'^e  annual 
appropriations,  however,  are  noi  charged  upon 
the  revenue  of  llie  year,  .speciHcally,  in  wiiich 
they  are  made;  and  ia  point  of  fuel,  they  are  s:.tls- 
fied  whenever  demanded  out  of  ajiy  un^ppropropri- 
ated  money  in  tlie  treasury;  without  reference  \o 
the  time,  when  tlie  revenue  accrued,  or  when  the 
money  was  actually  received  at  the  treasury. 

The  inconvenience  of  continuing  appropriations 
in  force,  wliich  were  liable  to  be  drawn  from  tiie 
treasury  dm-ing'  an  indefinite  period,  induced  con- 
gress to  enact  in  the  year  If  95,  that  aiw  appi-opri- 
ations  (except  permament  appropriations  for  the  in- 
terest of  the  funded  debt;  or  appfopriadons  for  tlte 
payment  of  loans,  and  the  accruinsy  interest;  for  the 
sinkin_;^  fund;  and  for  purposes,  which  specially  re- 
quire by  law  a  longer  duration)  remaining  unex- 
pejided  fjr  more  than  two  years  after  the  expiration 
of  the  calender  year  in  which  the  act  of  appropri..- 
tion  was  passed,  sliould  cease  and  determine;  and 
that  the  unexpended  sum  shoidd  be  carried  to  an 
account  on  the  books  of  tiie  treasury,  to  be  denomi- 
nated "the  Surplus  fund."  By  the  operaiion  of 
this  provision,  no  ordinary  appropriation  can  novir 
survive  tlie  specified  period  of  two  years;  and  not- 
withstanding' the  formal  designation  of  a  particular 
nccount,  in  wliich  the  entry  sliall  be  made,  the  sum 
disengaged  by  the  determ.ination  of  each  appropria- 
tion, becomes  again  an  undistingaishable  part  of 
t!;e  public  treasure,  which  is  subject  to  the  future 
dispositions  of  the  legislature. 

Witli  these  remarks,  it  will  be  useful,  for  tlie 
pm-poses  of  g-eneral  information,  to  exhibit  the  gross 
amount  of  the  balances  of  appropriations  for  the 
year  1814  transferred  to  the  year  1815,  witliout  en- 
tering into  a  comparative  detail  of  the  appropria- 
tions, and  of  tlie  levenues  diu'ing  the  pariicular 
vear  in  which  the  appropriations  were  made  by  law. 
Thus, 

I'iic  Rioss  amount  of  Uie  appi'opriations  for  lSl-4, in- 
cluding tli'r  aggregate  of  tti-  buhsntes  of  approjiria- 
lioiis  !or  the  yt-ar  18l.3,aiuoui»ted  to  thesuinof        5i,978,4r64  20 
Of  tliis  there  was  paid  on  or  before  tbe 

3l5t  of  Oct.  ISIJ.  tlie  sum  oi'  38,02S.230  32 

And  on  the  1st  of  Jan.  13  5,  tli  re  was 
earned  to  the  surplus  fund  the  sum  of     59.',309  99 


575,000 


1,590,000 


notes  tliir  in  iSM,  and  not  p;,iiJ.  (the 

prli.eipal    being   th,  ii    10,6  6,480)  the 

sum  of 
Thi   aiinnal  ri-iinhnr<.em.nt  of  the  rriii- 

••ipal  oi   the  okt  6  per  cent,  and  drfcr- 

re>I  stocks,  tli    sun  of 
The  principal  of  tr.asiiiy  notes  pavalile 

ii>  1  1:,  nivi  the  Ut  ol  Jan.  131S,  hut 
_'">t  then  pail,  (he  sum  of  2,799,:C0 

The  ()  i'lcip'l  of  Irasnry  notes  payable 

ill  I''15   and  the  1st  of  January  18  6, 

th'  sum  of  7,847,280. 

Tlie  prinnnal  of  temporary  huns  i)aya- 

ble  iii  iS  14,  but  not  then  paid  SOn.OQO 


38,920,M0  31 


I-caving  as  a  funeral  balance  of  the  appropriations 
of  l(>14,  payable  at  the  treasury  in  1815,  the  sum  of  17.357,923  «9 


The  amount  of  appropriations  and  d.- 
riiantli  lor  the  public  debt  for  1815  be- 
i.jg  tli-sum  of 


18.771,430 


32.703,9:8  63 


The  total  amount,  therefore,  detnandable  at  the  trea- 
sury during  tlie  year  131-,  was  £0,051,871  95 

Coiisis'ing  o)  anpropnr.tions  made  prior 
to  that  yar,  and  unsatisfiei!  at  its  oom- 
menceniem,  anountiig  to  17,357,923   59 

And  of  approprirttiuns,  and  demands  on 
acccuiu  of  the  jmblic  debt,  made  and 
arising  during  tlie  year  1815.  auiount- 
'ug  to  3  ,703.948  0(5 


50,061,871  95 


Of  the  -vays  andmean^  of  the  treasvry  for  theyear  1815. 

These  may  be  considered  in  a  two-fokl  aspect ; 
1.  as  to  the  ways  and  means  placed  by  the  laws  with- 
in the  power  of  the  treasury  :  and  2,  the  amount  ca- 
pable of  being  refiized,  or  made  actually  available 
by  tlie  treasury  during  the  year. 

Under  the  Ist  view,  the  ways  and  means  con- 
sisted, 

1.  Of  the  cash  in  the  treasury  at  the  commencement 

o''  the  year,  which  aJiounted  to  1,526,998  G3 

2.  Of  the  outstanding  revenue,  whiih  accrued  prior  to 
the  yi-«r  18  5,  and  rcnia'infd  opald  at  its  eommeuce- 
inent,  esiimated,  exclusive  of  the  sums  due  for  pub- 
lic lamls.at  about  4,600,C0O 

3.  or  tbe  revciitit  accruing  in  the  year  J  815,  estimated 
at  38.S50,000  dollars,  viz. 

Custouis  25.000.000 

Direct  tax,  net  product  5,400,')00 

I'lt  rnal  duties,  do.  7,O0O.f>00 

Ptililic  lands  ],000,00"> 

Postage  and  incidental  reecipts  ■!  50,000 


4.  Of  the  une.xecuted  authority  to  borrow  money, and 
to  issue  treasury  notes,    conferred  by  acts   oi' cou- 
gress,  passed  prior  to  the  year  lS15,viit: 
The  liiaii  act  of  March  14, 1812,  765,300 

Do.  of  March  H,  1814  7,S:i2,ll9 

Do.  of  November  15,1814  3,000,000 


3S,85O,00C 


Of  the  demands  on  the  treasit.ry  fur  1815. 
The  demands  authorised  by  acts  of  appropria- 
tion during  tlie  year  1815  (exclusive  of  certain  in- 
definite appropriation.?,  the  amount  of  which  is  not 
yet  ascertained)  were  tue  following: 
?or  civil,  diplomatic  and   miscellaneous 
CMpences,   ht sides    the    unascertained 
Jirortuct  of  tines,  penalties,  and  forfei- 
tures, assigned  to  pay  the  charg  s  of 
courts,  th.-  sum  of  3,080,656  32 

yor  military  eipjiitvs,  including  those  of 
the  I.idiaii  department,  and  the  p^•rma- 
neut  apprupnation  of  .00,000  dollars 
for  ar.aiiug  and  equipping  the  militia, 
thesuni  of  5,618,790  41 

Tile  naval  expences,  including  the  annu- 
al appropiiauon  of  200,00 J  dollars  for 
the  purchase  of  timber  5,233,022 


for  tile  public  debt,  to  wit.  the  interest 

on  the  d.-bt  contracted  before  tlie  war     1,900,000 

T<>e  interest  on  the  debt  contracted  since 
the  war  (including  tins  l.jau  of  131.5, 
and  excluJing  the  interest  of  treasury 
notes)  3^560,000 

ITieinterest  of  •>  --5  per  ct.  per  annum, 
upon  ttvasury  notes,  outstaidivg  oa 
$Bfp    1st   of  j«mi..ry,  ;li!lp.  incluaiuK 


13,932,463  06 


Treasury  note  act  of  M.iri^h  4.18(4 
Do,  of  Dteember  26,1S14,  esiimated  at 


2.772.720 
S,6C0,0Ci0 


i:,3;7,4i9 


5.  Of  the  authority  to  borrow  money  and  to  issue  trea 
sery  mites,  coiif.rred  by  acts  of  congress,  passed  in 
the  year  1   15,  \i/,  : 

Th    li.a'i  act  of  March  3,  J  il5  18,451,300 

Do.  ofFeVir.mry  13, 18! 5,  for  (public  build- 
ings ill  Washingioii)  500,000 

Treasury  notp  act  of  February  :4, 13 15  (ex- 
clii  sive  ot  the  re-issues  authorised  by  this 

act;  C5.ooo,cco 


11,372,720 


43,952,S0O 
112,629,937  6.J 

Tills  great  apparent  surplus  of  ways  and  means 
within  the  power  of  the  treasury  arose,  in  par*-,  from 
the  great  increase  in  the  amount  of  the  customs, 
accruing  in  the  year  1815;  which  instead  of4,000,000, 
tlie  amount  estimated  prior  to  the  peace,  will  pi-oba- 
biy.  In  consequence  of  that  event,  amount  to  the  sum 
of  25,0'J0,00G  .as  here  stated.  A  great  purtion  also 
of  the  sums  authorised  to  be  borrowed,  or  raised, 
upon  treasury  notes,  it  was  evident,  could  not  be 
obtained  or  raised  within  the  year;  and  the  several 
successive  acts,  by  which  tlie  autliority  was  given, 
altliough  they  were  noininall}-  acciunulative,  v.eivi 


272     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815. 


actually  tlie  results  of  attempts  to  vary  or  modify 
this  authority  in  such  a  way  as  to  render  it  more  easy 
or  more  effectual  in  its  execution. 

The  2d  view  of  tlie  ways  and  means  for  the  year 
1815,  exhibits  the  amount  actually  authorized  and 
received  into  the  treasury  during-  that  year.  As^  the 
year  is  not  yet  terminated,  this  can  only  be  given 
by  way  of  estimate :  the  result  will  probably  not 
differ  materially  from  tlie  following — 

1.  Cash  in  the  u-tasury,  at  the  commencement  of  the 

year  1,526,993  63 

2.  RpCPipts  from  revenae,  including  that  which  was 
outstanding  at  the  comnieuceraent  of  the  year,  viz 


Customs 

Dii-cct  tax 

Intt-rnal  duties 

Public  lands 

Postage  and  incidental  receipts 


8,000,000 
2.-  00.000 
4,700.000 
1,000,000 
450,000 

16,"!  50,000 


3.  Receipt?  from  loans  and  treasury  notes : 
Loans,  under  the  act  of  Mnroh  t4,  is  11        50,000 
Do.  do.  Nov.  15,  1S14       950,000 

X>o.  do.  March  3,  1815  9,84,044  33 

Do.  do.  temporary  loan  650,000 

9,034,011  38 

\Jnder  act  of  Feb.  18  IS  100,000 


Amount  actually  borrowed  to  the  30th 

Sept.  1815,  per  statements    annexed 

(maiked  G.  and  K  )  11,034,014  38 

Amount  estimated  to  b(  bon'owed  from 

the  1st  of  Oct.  to  the  31st  Dtc.  1815.        3,000,000 

Treasnrij  notes. 
Amount  issued  prior  to  the  1st  Oct.  1815: 
Under  the  act  of  March  4, 

1114  2.772,7:0 

Do.  do    D.-C.26,  1814  8,318,400 

Do.  do.  Feb.  24,  li\S  69!,(i00 


Per  statement  annexed,  [L.]      11,785,726 

Small  treasury  iiutcs,  not 
Iieariiif;  interest,  under  the 
actof  Fil>.24,1815:  amount 
issU'.d  and  n-issiied  per 
statement,  marUvd  E.  4,152,8J0 

AmoHtit  estimated  to  bo  is- 
sued and  rt^issucd  from 
Oct.  1  to  Dec.  31,(815  1,000.000 


16,933,570 


-30,973,6!  4  36 


Making  the  total  amoiint  estimated  to  bo  actually  re- 

ceivedinto  the  treasury durinj,' tlie  yearlSiS  4S,S49,613  01 


The  application  of  the  monies  actually  received 

into  the  treasury,  during  the  year  1815,  will  be  as 

follows :  to  the"  30th  of  September,  the  payments 

have  amounted  to  the  following  sumr.  nearly — the 

accounts  not  being  yet  made  up,  theprecise  amount 

c.mnot  be  given  : 

For  civil,  diplomatic  and  miscellaneous  espences         ?,'i37.000 
>Iilitai-y service  15,'90,l.;4  71 

Naval  s.rvlce  7,050,000  a.i 

Public  debt  (exclusive  of  the  sum  of  300,000  dollars 

I'epaid  by  the  commissioner  of  loans  fur  Georgia)      8,909,178  22 


scale  of  a  ]Deace  establishment.  The  arrearages  in 
tlie  war  and  na\'y  departments,  and  generally  the 
outstanding  balance  of  the  floating  public  debt,  in 
eludhig  treasury  notes  and  temporary  loans,  must 
be  satisfied,  before  a  permament  and  uniform  ar- 
rangement of  the  linances  can  be  eficcted;  but  it  is 
believed  tliat  the  period  of  a  single  year  will  be 
sufticicnt  for  that  purpose. 

It  is,  also,  proper  to  premise,  that  although  the 
estimates  of  the  demands  on  the  treasury  for  1816 
may  be  satisf.xtorily  made,  there  is  no  settled 
ground  on  which  estimates  of  the  ways  and  means 
can  be  confidently  formetl.  The  entire  system  of 
the  external  and  internal  taxation  must  necessarily 
be  revised,  during  the  present  session  of  congress; 
and  the  sources  as  well  as  the  product  of  tlie  pub- 
lic i-evenue,  can  only  be  ascertained  from  the  re- 
sult of  tlie  legislative  deliberations.  In  order,  how- 
ever, to  obviaie  this  difRculty,  as  far  as  it  is  prac^ 
ticable,  distiiict  statement  will  be  presented  for 
1816;  1st,  of  the  probable  demands  on  the  treasu- 
ry; 2ndl3',  of  the  revenue  estimated  according  to 
laws  now  in  force;  and  3dly,  of  the  reveniie  esti- 
mated according  to  the  modifications,  whiph  ^vjll  be 
respectfully  submitted. 

1.  Of  the  prulahle  demands  on  tlie  Treasury. 
The  amount  of  tin-  civil,  diplomatic  and  niiscillaneous 

expcnces  is  estjinateil  at  the  sum  of  1,800,000 

Th(  amount  of  the  military  ixpences  is  estimated  at  the 

sum  of  14,549,"46 

For  the  military  cslahlishment  of  i  8  6,  5,112,159 

For  the  arrearages  of  1!;;5,  beyond  the  amount 

of  the  appropriations  9,  37.087 

1^,549,-46 

The  amount  of  the  naval  exprnses  (supposing  them  to  he 
reduced  on  the  peace  establishmrnt  to  one-half  of  the 
auiount  appropriated  for  1'  5,  and  adding  the  annual 
appropriation  of .  OO.OOO  dollars  fur  the  purchase  of  liui- 
ber)  is  estiiimti  d  at  the  sum  of  -,7;6,5W 

'1  liH  njnouul  of  the  payments  required  on  account  of  the 

pi:blic  debt,  is  estimated  at  thi- sum  of  23,818,513 

For  the  interest  aiul  annual  reimbusemeiit  of 
the  principal  ol'  the  funded  debt  prior  to  the 
war  •  3,460,000 

For  the  interest  on  the  funded  debt  created  since 
the  war,  estimated  on  a  capital  of  70,000,000 
of  dollars  4,200,000 

For  tile  balance  of  principal  and  interest  on  trea- 
sury notes  of  every  den(>niination.now  dueor 
payalilein  1815  and  1.  6,  or  tstimated  to  be 
))Hid  in  those  years  hy  being  received  for  du- 
ties and  taxes,  as  set  forth  in  the  annexed  ta- 
tahle,  marked  L.  15,453,513 

For  tile  amount  of  temporai-y  loans,  due  to  the 
state  bank  (>f  Koston  [500,000  dollsrs]  and  the 
Slechanics'  bank  ot  New  York  [200,000  dolls.]      700.000 


JJuring  the  fourth  quarter  of  the  year,  the  payments 
are  estimate<l  to  amount  to  the  nilluwing  sums,  viz. 

For  civil,  diplomatic  and  miscellaneous  t.\- 

peiices  500,000 

Naval  service  1,500,000 

Public  debt,  to  the  1st  Jan,  1816,  inclusive,    3,000,000 


33,686,323   18 


5,000.000 


38,686,323  IS 
As  the  receipts  into  the  treasui-y  during  the  year  have 

beenestiuiRtedat  48,849,613  01 

The  sum  left  in  the  treasury  at  the  end  of  the  year, 

viUbe  '  10.163,289  83 

f  And  will  consist  principally  of  treasury  notes,  paid 
on  account  of  the  revenue  and  loans. 
Of  the  estiinatcs  of  the  p^ihlic  revenue  and  expendi- 
tures for  1816. 
In  the  consideration  of  this  subject  it  is  proper 
to  premise,  that  the  revenue  of  1816  must  be  charg- 
ed with  tlic  payment  of  a  considerable  amount  of 
t'lie  unliquidated  debts  incurred  during  the  war;  and, 
consequently,  tliat  the  proportions  of  revenue  and 
c;<peuditure  tor  that  year,  cannot  be  reduced  by  the 


23,818,513 


42,884,269 


From  this  aggregate  of  the  demands  for  1816,  the 

cliarges  of  a  temporary  nature  being  deducted,  to 

wit : 

Deduct  the  amount  «T  the  arrearages  for  the 

miliury  service  of  1-'15  9,437,087 

And  the  amount  of  floating  debt  to  be  liquida- 
ted in  1816  16,158.513 

25,595,600 


There  will  remain,  as  the  probable  annual  ex- 
penditure of  the  peace  establishment,  inde- 
pendent of  any  addition  to  the  sinking  fund, 
the  sum  of 


17,288,669 


2.  Of  the  revenue  for  1816,  estimated  ac.cordiyig  to  the 
laws  now  in  force. 
V,\  the  laws  now  in  force,  there  venue  arising  from 
customs,  during  the  year  1816,  will  be  afi[tcted  in 
the  following  manner:  the  present  rates  of  duties 
continue  until  the  13th  of  February,  181G,  when  the 
duty  on  salt  imported  will  cease,  and  the  rates  of 
duties  on  merchandise  of  every  description,  import- 
ed in  American  vessels,  will  fall  to  one  half  of  tli^, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TREASURY  REPORT. 


273 


existing'  amount,  with  the  exception  of  certain  ma- 
nufactured articles,  being  of  the  same  kinds  as  the 
manufactured  articles  on  which  internal  duties 
have  been  imposed;,  the  duties  on  the  imported  ar- 
ticles continuing'  at  the  existing  rates,  so  long  as  the 
existing  internal  duties  shall  be  continued  upon  the 
coiTesponding  articles  of  domestic  manufacture. — 
On  the  18th  of  February  the  extra  duty  on  mer- 
chandise imported  in  foreign  vessels,  which  is  now 
15^  per  cent,  on  tlie  amount  of  the  duty  in  Ameri- 
can vessels,  will  fall  to  10  per  cent,  on  th;;t  amount, 
und  the  tonnage  duty  on  foreign  vessels,  which  is 
J10W  two  dollars  per  ton,  will  fall  to  fifty  cents  per 
ton.  The  extra  duty  is  also  liable  to  be  affected  by 
the  operation  of  the  act  for  abolishing  all  discrimi- 
nating duties  upon  a  basis  of  national  reciprocity.  By 
the  laws  now  in  force,  the  reventie  arising  from  in- 
ternal duties  will  be  affected  in  the  following  man- 
ner: The  duties  on  bank  notes,  on  notes  discount- 
ed by  banks,  and  bills  of  exchange,  (commonly  call- 
ed the  stump  duties,)  and  the  duty  on  refined  su- 
gar, will  cease  on  the  18th  day  of  February,  1816. 
All  the  other  internal  duties,  together  with  the  di- 
rect tax  and  the  increased  rates  of  postage,  will 
continue. 

Under  these  ciscumstances,  the  revenue  which 
will  nccnie  to  the  United  States  during  the  year 
1816,  is  estimated  as  follows: 

J'l-oiu  customs  ] 3,000,000 

Inu  riiai  duties  7,000,000 

Direct  tax,  net  produce  of  the  treasury',  5,600,000 

Sales  of  public  lands  .1,000,000 

Postage  aud  incidental  receipts  400,009 

27,000,000 


The  sums  actually  receivable  into  thetreasm-y  dur- 
ing," the  veu",  are  estimated  as  follows  : 

From  customs,  20,000,C«0 

Internal  dulit-s,  6^500.000 

Direct  tax.  including  the  arrears  of  1815  8,500.000 

Sales  ol  pnl.lie  landi  1,000,000 

Postage  and  incidental  receipts  4»0,000 


If  to  this  be  added  the  probable  amount  of  money  in  the 
treasury  at  the  commenuement  of  ihe  year  1816,  \v1nch 
n>»y  lie  estimated,  exclusively  of  treasury  notes  paid  in 
previously  to  that  time,  on  account  ol  revenue  and 
of  loans,  at  the  sum  of 

Till-  edcctive  ways  and  means  of  1816  will  produce,  in 


tlie  whole,  the  sum  of 
Bur  »s  thedemaiich  upon  the  treasury  for  the  same  year 
will  amount,  as  above  state<l,  to 

There  will  he  leftadeficit,  to  h-  supplied  by  means  other 
than  tlie  revenue  of  the  sum  of 


3,000,000 
39,100,000 


42,884.269 


3,)8-1,369 


3.  Of  t fie  reviinne  for  1816,  estimated  acconllng  10"  the 
■modifications,  vjhicli  -ndU  be  respectful/if  submitted. 
From  the  review  of  the  financial  mea.sures  of  the 
government,  in  reference  to  the  recent  state  of  uar, 
which  constitutes  the  first  part  of  the  present  re- 
port, it  appears  that  the  almost  entire  fdlurc  of  the 
customs,  or  duties  on  importations,  and  the  increas- 
ing necessities  of  the  treasury,  rendered  it  necessa- 
ry to  seek  for  pecuniary  supplies,  in  a  system  of  in- 
ternal duties;  but  both  in  respect  of  the  subjects  of 
taxation,  and  to  tlie  amount  of  the  several  taxes, 
t.he  return  of  peace  has  always  been  contemplateil 
us  a  period  for  revision  and  relief.  la  the  fulfil 
ment  of  that  policy,  a  reduction  of  the  direct  tax, 
a  discondnuancc  (*f  taxes,  whicli,  upon  trial,  have 
proved  unprodi'.ctive,  as  well  I'S  incon^eniein;  luid, 
above  all,  the  exoneration  of  domestic  njanufactures 
from  every  charge  that  can  olistnict  or  retard  their 
progress,  seem  to  be  the  objects  th:it  particiilarly 
inviic  the  legislative  intention.  'I'licrc  will  still  re- 
m;;in,  h.owever,  a  sufilcient  scope  for  the  operation 
of  a  permanent  system  of  intcrn.d  duties,  upon 
those  principles  of  national  policy,  wliich  Lavo  al- 


ready been  respectfully  suggested.  As  an  equiva^ 
lent  for  the  diminution  of  the  revenue  by  the  con- 
templated abolition  or  reduction  of  some  ef  tlie 
duties  and  taxes;  and  in  observance  of  the  public 
faith,  which  is  pledged,  in  the  case  of  such  abolition 
or  reduction,  to  provide  and  substitute  other  duties 
and  taxes  equally  productive;  it  is  intended  re- 
spectfully to  recommend  a  continuance  of  the  duty 
on  imported  salt,  and  a  competent  addition  to  the 
permanent  rates  of  the  duties  on  merchandize  im^ 
ported.  In  the  general  tariff, /which  has  been  di- 
rected by  a  resolution  of  tlie  house  of  representa- 
tives to  be  prepared,  and  which  will  be  submitted 
to  congress,  as  soon  as  materials  for  forming  it 
can  be  digested  and  arranged,  the  stibject  will  be 
more  distinctly  as  well  as  more  satisfit-ctorily  pre- 
sented, bat,  as  it  is  not  probable,  that  this  measure 
can  be  matured,  so  as  to  go  into  operation  on  the 
I8lh  of  February  next,  it  becomes  necessary  to  sug- 
gest the  expediency  of  continuing  the  present  rates 
of  duties  until  the  30th  of  June;  when  the  new- 
rates,  with  all  the  necessary  details  to  give  effect  to 
that  system,  may  be  introduced,  and  sufficient  no- 
tice be  given  to  the  merciiants,  to  regtilate  their 
commercial  operations  accordingly. 

In  relation,  then,  to  the  internal  duties, it  is  in- 
tended respectfully  to  recommend,  that  the  duties 
imposed  at  tlie  last  session  of  congress  on  various 
articles  manufactured  within  the  United  States 
shall  be  abolished  on  the  18th  day  of  April  next,, 
wiiich  will  complete  the  year  commencing  from 
the  time  the  duties  went  into  operation;  that  the 
duty  imposed  during  the  last  session  of  congress 
on  spirits  distilled  within  the  United  States,  shall 
be  abolished  on  the  30th  June  next;  but  that  at  the 
same  time  there  be  added  one  hundred  per  cent, 
on  the  rate  of  the  duty  which  liad  been  charged  on 
licenses  to  distillers  of  spirituous  liquors  in  the 
year  1813;  that  tl;e  duty  on  houseliold  furniture, 
and  on  gold  and  silverwatches,  be  abolished  on  the 
31st  dav  of  March  next;  that  the  additional  duty^ 
imposed  during  the  last  session  of  congress  on  li- 
censes to  retail  wines,  spirituous  liquors  and  fo- 
reig-n  merchandize,  be  aboli.shed  on  the  31st  d;iy  of 
December,  1816;  and  that  the  duties  on  refined 
sugar  :md  stamp  duties,  be  continued.  And  finally, 
in  relation  to  the  direct  tax,  it  is  intended  respect, 
fiillv  to  recommend,  that  on  the  31st  day  of  March 
next,  it  be  reduced  to  one  half  its  present  amount, 
that  is,  to  the  annual  the  amount  of  three  millions 
dollars. 

The  sub.'^ti-action  from  the  revenue  by  thc^e 
charges  and  reductions  in  the  direct  tax  and  the 
internal  duties,  is  estimated  at  the  annual  sum  of 
7,000,000  of  dollars.  But  the  substitute  for  supply- 
ing tlic  equivalent  amount,  are  estimated  to  pro- 
duce; 1st,  from  the  increase  of  the  duty  on  licence;! 
to  distillers  and  continuance  of  the  stamiJ  duties 
and  duties  on  refined  sugar,  the  annual  sum  of 
1,500,000  dollars  ;  2d,  from  the  continuance  of  the 
dutv  on  imported  salt,  the  annvial  sum  of  500,000 
dollars  ;  and  3dly,  from  an  increase  upon  the  per- 
manent rates  of  duties  on  the  Imi)ortation  of  fo- 
reign merchandise,  the  annual  sum  of  5,000,000  of 
dollars. 

The  full  effect  of  the  al  terations  v/hich  have  been 
stated,  will  not  be  developed  until  some  time  after 
the  year  1816  ;  but  if  they  be  adopted,  the  state  of 
the  revenue  for  that  year  in  the  two  views  of  which 
it  is  susceptible  ;  1st,  of  rcvcni'.e  accruing  duiing 
the  year ;  and  2d,  of  money  receivable  into  the  trea- 
stirv  duri'tg  the  year  ;  mav  be  estim.ated  as  foUo'.vs  : 
1.  T!tc  revenue  which  will  accrdi':.\  1316,  may  be 

©Stlilliited, 


274i    Nil.ES'     WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815. 


From  citsfcms 

I^it-nialiliities 

Diivet  tax— 11:  t  pro  Juct  of  the  treasury, 

Sales  of  juibltc  linds 

Postage  and  incidental  receipts 


25,'00,000 

2.  The  money  wliich  will  be  actually  receivable  in- 
to tiic   treasury,  from  revenues,  in  1815,  may  be 

estim;i\ecl. 

From  ciis'toiDs  21,00.000 

Internal  duties  5,Ono,000 

Direct  tax,  iiiclmiii'g  arrears  of  l8l5,  0,000,000 

Sait  of  piihlic  lands  1,000,00-) 

Postage  and  incidental  receipts  400,000 


3"!,'00,CC0 


If  tn  the  Slim,  tliMs  rstimatod  to  be  rrceivaHe  in  the  trea- 
sury 'ri>  II  tJierevtniip  dMriiii^the  year  IBlfi 
Tljirj  beaiMecI,  the  nioiny  wliich  will  probably  be  in  the 


treasury  «t   thcbi.'^utii!iE;  of  the  year 

The  afjgntriit,'  will  he  the  sum  of 

And  llie  dciuands  buiiig  f  stiaiated  as  above,  at 

Thtre  will  be  left  a  deficit  of 


33,-100,000 
3,000,000 


36.400,000 
42,88-1,. '69 


6,434,260 


Tt  is  liere,  however,  to  he  recollected,  that  the 
esliniate  of  the  demands  on  tlie  treasmy  compre- 
hends the  gross  amount  of  tlie  arrearages  of  the 
war  department,  and  a  provision  for  the  whole  of 
the  floaiing-  ptiblic  debt:  and  altliough  for  the  pur- 
po.^es  of  a  Icg-islative  .'ipproprir,tion,  the  ag'greg'.ite 
of  'lie  expendittu'es  to  be  auuiorized  for  tlie  year 
l'!16,  is  necessaiily  made  tlie  basis  of  t.he  oflicia! 
estiiiiates,  yet  tlic  uniform  expc]  ience  of  the  trc..- 
sury  evinces,  that  ilie  demands  for  a  consider. .blc 
portion  of  tl;e  annual  appropriation  will  not  be  made 
during-  the  year. 

It  may  also  be  observed,  that  to  raise  a  revenue 
by  the  imposiiion,  or  even  by  the  continuance  of 
taxes  adequ.itc  to  the  immedi.ite  dischi-.rg-e  of  every 
unliquidated  demand  upon  the  Lreasiuy  at  the  close 
of  an  expensi\e  war,  seems  hardly  to  be  necessary, 
imder  tlic  present  circumstances  of  the  country. 
Ihe  product  of  the  revenue  ai-rangcd  in  the  manner 
wliic!)  has  been  stated,  m.ay  be  estimated,  aficr  \\\e 
year  1816,  at  an  annual  amount  of  neariy  four  mil- 
lions g-reaterthan  the  siuu  required  for  tiie  interest 
on  the  public  debt,  and  for  the  probable  e.\penses 
of  the  peace  establishment.  If  tiie  public  debt, 
■llierefore,  were  iiicreased  in  the  year  1S16,  by  a 
sum  equal  to  th.e  wJiole  amount  of  the  deficiL  as 
above  stated,  an  equivalent  reduction  could  be  ef- 
fected in  less  th.in  two  years.  Tiie  imexecii'i.ed 
authority  to  borrow  money  and  issue  ti-easury  notes, 
already  provided  by  the  acts  of  cong-ress,  is  siihi- 
cient  to  enable  the,  treasury  to  meet  the  deficit  in 
cither  of  these  mode"!,  and,  consequently,  rio  i'lir- 
ther  iei^i dative  aitl,  (except,  perhaps,  i:i  ilie  modi- 
fication of  the  issues  of  treiisury  notes,)  appears  at 
this  time  to  be  required. 

III.  Prv)p03i!icjns  fur  the  improveinent  and  nimw:;-^- 


^^'"oooool^*^*^  per  ceni.  upon  the  permanent  duties  on  good^j 
2."70o!ooo  ^^'••I'es  and  nierc))andise,  im[.'orted  into  the  United 
i.ooo^oo  States  from  an;  foreig-n  port  or  jiiace,  and  tiie  act  of 
400,000  ,]ie  29Ui  July,  18!  3,  imposing-  a  duty  upon  imported 
salt,  be  coiitmiied  in  force  until  the  30th  day  of 
June,  J 816. 

Ciecond.  It  is  respectfully  proposed,  that  the  act 
of  the  24th  of  July,  1813,  imposing-  a  duty  onsugjir 
lefined  within  the  (Ifniied  States,  and  the  act  of  'i^e 
Jd  of  August,  1813,  imposing-  a  duty  on  b.iuk  notes^ 
notes  discounted,  and  biiis  of  exchang-e,  be  contii 
nucd  by  law,  m  force  svidiout  iimitauon,  but  wir'i 
proper  amendnienls,  to  reixder  tiie  collodion  of  the 
duties  more  equal  and  more  certain  :  And  .hat  the 
.ict  of  Uie  15iii  ot  Ueceinber,  IS14,  imposing- du- 
ties  on  carri.ig-es  and  the  Harness  tiievefor  :  and  that 
so  mucn  of  tJie  act  of  ;he  23d  of  December,  1814, 
as  relates  to  tlie  tluties  on  sales  at  auction,  and  to 
the  increasing  of  the  rates  of  postage,  be  allowed 
to  lemain  in  force. 

Third.  It  is  respectfully  proposed,  that  there  be 
a  jeaiicli(m  or  mudification  in  the  following  ta.xes 
and  duties  : 

1.  That  the  direct  tax  be  redneod  from  six  million!  to  tliree  mil- 
lions ofdollurs, for  iIk  \iM  8  6,aiid  lor  each  siucieiliiig  yfsr. 
.  Tliat  the  ilutieson  diitilirclspUits  he  diseomiinicd  alter  tlic  30;h 
d.iy  of  .liiu'-,  18,6  ;  and  thai  liii-  diilyoii  licenses  to  diitillers  be 
raised  on  that  Jay.  todouuh  the  amount  li.xcd  by  the  act  of  the 
/4th  ot  .Iiily,lS13 

3.  'I'h.it  ill.  limits  on  licenses  to  retailers  of  wines,  spirituous  li-' 
qiiors,  and  lor-  ign  iiin-cliaiidizc,  bi-  rfdnceO  to  the  rates  of  the  year 
1813,  witli  prUi.tr  regard  to  the  periods  when  licejists  comnieuce 
and  expire. 

I'oiL'-th.  It  is  respectfully  proposed,  that  the  act  - 
of  liie  l8th  of  January,  1815,  and  the  act  of  the- 
2?'tli  of  February,  1815,  imposing  duties  on  various 
articles  manufactured  or  m.ide  for  sale  witiiin  the 
Liniied  States,  and  the  act  of  the  18tli  of  Januarj', 
1815,  impo;dng  duties  on  household  furniture  and 
w.iiches,  be  abwoiutely  .\nd  entirely  repealed. 

Fifth.  It  is  respectfully  proposed,  thai  the  act  of 
the  od  of  Marc!i,  1815,  furtiier  to  provide  for  the 
collection  of  the  duties  on  imposts  and  tonnag-e  ;- 
and  the  act  of  the  3d  of  M.uch,  1815,  to  hx  the 
compensatioa  and  increase  the  responsibility  of  the 
coiifcciurs  of  the  direct  tax  and  internal  duties,  and 
for  oiiier  purposes,:  connecietl  with  the  collection 
thereof;  and  as  fir  as  relates  to  the  conijiensation  of 
the  collectors  of  the  direct  tax  and  internal  dulies,^ ' 
becoiiilnued  in  force  without  limitation. 

2.  I'rrjjjositi'm!!  relating  to  the  sinking- fund. 
The  sinking  fund,  as  it  is  at  ppesi.nt  constituted,  aniountu 

to  Mic  aiimialsniii  of  8,000,00.0) 

It  iscliiii^ni  ill  iliiliist  instance  wiih  thejiaynient  of  the 
iJltivsl  a. id  tlieaniiiial  iviaiblirsenitia  of  the  piiiuipal 
oi  Ih  Old  liLi'ii  d  :ieO(,  wliich  «* ill  reciuir?,  ftr  l' i6  and 
each  .11  liii:  two  e;. suing  yars.  thcsu'ii  of  3,460,000^ 

And  II  .s  cliavgeil  Willi  lUt  paymtut  of  thi-  inttrest  and 
llir  evf-ntiial  r^-iiiibursi-inent  ol  ihe  principal  of  the  new 
Ihiiiltd  tlfbt.  Ill'  inii  r  st  co.npnted  on  a  c!i)'ital  of 
70,000,000  of  dollars,  will  require  for  the  year  1816,  and 
eacli  subsi  queiit  year,  tlif  sum  of 


meiit   of  the   i-crvrnte,    and  for  the  support   cf  public 
credit. 

'J'iie  propositions  wliicli  are  now  to  be  respectful- 
ly submitted,  telute,  1st.  to  the  revenue  ;  2d,  to  the 
sinking  fund ;  and  3d,  to  the  national  circtdating 
iv.ediura. 

1.  Propositions  rehtlivg  tn  revenn'\ 

The  changes  con.; emphded  in  the  revenue  on  the 
estimates  of  a  pc;icc  establishment,  having  been 
already  stated  as  the  intended  objects  of  recom- 
mendation, it  is-  nov.'  only  necessary  to  submit  to 
tlie  consideration  of  congress,  the  ineasui-cs  requir* 
i'.ig  tlicir  sanction  for  carrying-  the  plan  into  effect. 

First.  It  is  re  ;pectfaily  proposed,  that  the  act  of 
the  1st  Jiiiy,  1812,  Hiipo.sing  an  additional  duty  of 


4,200,00ff 


Th'-  total  present  charg;con  thesinkinijfund,  on  account 
of  the  funded  dcLit,  being  the  annual  sum  of 


7,660,000 


In  tiie  year  1818  the  fund  will  be  released  from 
the  aniiiud  cliarge  of  1,38J,JU0  dollars,  accruing 
apon  the  old  six  per  cent,  stock,  as  the  stock  wili 
be  then  paid  and  extinguis!ieil ;  but  in  the  same  year 
ii  Will  be  subJLC,  to  a  charg-e  of  3,!' Or),0'OL)  dohars, 
for  tlie  first  instalment  of  tiie  principal  of  tne  Loui- 
siana stock,  whicii  will.fthcu  become  pa}-ab:e.  In 
Caen  oi"  tlie  two  succeeding  years  a  similar  sum  will 
be  payable  ;  and  m  the  year  1821  such  sum  will  b& 
pe.yabic  as  may  be  neccssai-y  to  complete  the  reim- 
uiiseraenf  of  tiiat  stock,  and  which  is  esLiuiated  at 
1,923,500. 

Tiie  sinking-  fi^nd  is  also,  at  present,  cliarged  with 
the  p^yipent  of  the  principal  and  interest  of  tliC 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TREASURY  REPORT. 


275 


freaslIf^' notes  issued  under  the  act  of  the  4lIi  Vlurch,  3d:y.  l^roposition  rekitimf  to  the  national  circtdating 


1814,  and  piior  acts  ;  and  of  certain  temporary 
!oans  obtained  under  the  loan  acts  of  1812,  and  of 
subsequent  yer.rs.  The  several  acts  char>i;ing  these 
payments  on  the  sinking-  fund  have  directed  that 
such  sums,  in  addition  to  tlie  annual  appropriation  o. 
8,000,000,  should  be  takeji  from  any  funds  in  tlie 
treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  as  should  be 
necessary  to  meet  and  satisfy  the  dpniands.  The 
temporary  loans  a,nd  tre^ui-y  noces  will,  therefore, 
probably  be  paid  or  absorbed  in  1817;  and  it  is 
deemed  lumecessary  for  tliC  present  ])urpose,  to  in- 
clude tiiem  iuthe  consideration  of  the  form  and  ex- 
tent \v!uch  it  is  proposed  to  give  to  the  siniiinij  fund 
in  that  year. 

In  1803,  wlien  the  sinking  fimd  was  established  on 
its  pieseut  footing',  the  principal  of  tlie  public  debt 
was  about  86,000,000  of  dollars,   and  the  interest 
annually  payable  upon  it,  about  4,5UO,000  dollars. 
At  that' time  there  was  assi,^•ued  to  the  sinking  fund 
out  of  the  public  revenue," 8,000,000  of  dollars  ;  of 
whicli  about  3,500,000  dollars  were  annually  appli- 
cable to  the  reduction  of  the  principal  of  86,000,000 
of  dollars.  At  the  co.nrnenceinent  of  the  year  1817, 
it  is  estimated  that  tlie  priiicipal  of  the  fimded  debt 
will  nmount  to  110,000,000  of  dollars,  requiring  tlie 
sum  of  6,150,000  doihu-s  for  the  payment  of  its  an- 
nual in'.erest.     If  i  sum  applicable  to  the  reducvlon 
of  the  principal  of  the  debt,  were  now  to  be  assign- 
ed, beaVing  the  same  proportion   to  that  priiicip  d 
widch  t!ie  sum  assigned  in  1804  then  bore  lo  the 
principal,  it  would  amount  to  about  4,350,000  dol- 
lars.    When  it  is  added,  therefore,  to  the  sum  of 
6,l5j,000  dolLtrs  which  is  necessary  for  the  payment 
of  the  interest,   tliere  \vo\ild  be  required  for  the 
auiount  now  to  be  set  apart  to  constitute  the  sinking 
fund,    the  sum  of  10,500,000  dollars  per  annum,    it 
is  pi'opo=;ed,  however,  to  carry  tlie  amount  only  to 
the  sun^  of  1U,000,000  of  dollars,  which  will  allow 
about  3,850,000  dollars  as  applicable  to  the  reduc- 
tion of  che  principal  of  the  debt;  a  siun  suliicient, 
if  sirictly  and  regvdarly  applied  without  in.terrup- 
tion,  upon  a   compound  principle,   to   pay  otF  the 
v.-ho!e   of  the   funded  debt  in  a  period    less  than 
eiglr.een  years. 

"Upon  these  groimds,  then,  the  .secretary  of  the 
treasiuy  respectfully  submits  tlie  following 

PROPOSITIOJf. 

That  hi  the  year  1817,  and  annually  in  every  sub- 
sequent year,  there    he  appropriated  tlie  sum    of 
2,000,'  '00  dollars  in  addition  to  ^he  sum  of  8,000,000 
of  drjllars  now   annually  api)ropriated    for  the  jiiiy- 
meiit  of  the    interest    and  principid   of  the  public 
debt;  that  the  payment  of  diis    additional  sum    be 
m^de  out  of  the  proceeds  of  tlie  revenue  derived 
froni  the  customs,  the  sales  of  public   lands,  and 
the  internal  duties,  or  from  either  of  them;  availa- 
ble afier  tlie  payment  of  the  sums  for   whicli  they 
are  now  respeclively  pledged  or  approp^'iaieO;  and 
that  tlie  said  additional  sum  of  2,000,0U0  of  dollars 
annually,  be  payable   lo  tlie   commi.i.^ioners  of  ihe 
sulking  fund,  to   be  applied  by  them   in  the  same 
man  ler  as  the  monies  wnicu  tiiey  :u-e  now  e.ntiiled 
by  law  to  receive;  that  is  to  say:     1st,  To  tlie  pay- 
ment of  tlie  interest  on  the  public  funded  debt;  2d, 
To  the  rcimliurseinent  of  the  pr.nci;)al,  from    tinie 
to  time,  as  the  same,  or  any  portion  of  it,  shall  be- 
come reimbursable,  according'  to  the  terms  of  the 
contracts  by  which  it  has  been  created;  3dly,  After 
having  answered  these  p\u-poses  if  Uiere  snail   re- 
main a  surplus  at  tlieir  disposal,  to  t!ic  purchase  of 
sucli  parts  of  llie  funded  public  debt  as  shall   ap- 
pear to  them  to  be  most  for  the  advantage  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  mannei'  prescribed  by  law  and 
rate  not  exceeding  the  par  value. 


JMetlium. 

The  delicacy  of  this  sul)ject  is  only  equalled  by 
its  imiiortance.  In  presenting  it,  therefore,  to  tlie 
con-sideration  of  congress,  there  is  occasion  for  an 
implicit  reliance  upon  the  legislative  indulgence. 

By  the  constitntion  of  the  United  States,  con- 
gress is  expressly  vested  with  the  power  to  coin 
m'P.ey,  to  regulate  the  value  of  tiie  doni-stic  and 
foreign  coins  in  circulation,  and  (as  a  necessary  im- 
plication from  positive  provisions)  to  emit  bliis  of 
credit;  while  it  is  deci/aed  by  tlie  same  hist  ru.vient, 
that  "no  state  shall  coin  mon.ey,  or  emic  bills  of 
credit."  Under  this  constitutional  authority,  the 
money  of  the  United  States  has  been  established  bv 
law,  consisting  of  coins  made  witii  gold,  silver,  and 
copper.  All  foreign  gold  and  silver  coins  at  speci- 
fied ndes,  were  placed  in  tlie  first  instance,  upon  the 
same  footing  witii  the  coins  of  the  United  States, 
but  they  ceased,  (with  the  exception  of  Spanish 
milled  dollars  and  parts  of  such  dollars,)  to  be  a 
legal  tender  for  the  payinent  of  debts  and  demands 
in  the  year  1809. 

The  constitutional  authority  to  emitbills  of  credit, 
has  also  been  exercised  in  a  qualified  and  limited 
manner.  During  the  existence  of  the  bank  of  the 
United  States,  the  bills  or  notes  oftlic  coi-poratioia 
were  declared,  by  law,  to  be  receivulde  in  all  pay- 
ments to  the  United  States;  and  the  treasuiy  notes 
v.'hich  have  been  since  issued  for  the  services  of  the 
late  war,  have  been  endowed  witli  the  same  qualily. 
But  congress  has  never  recog'nized  by  law  tlie  notes  of 
any  oUier  corporation;  nor  lias  it  ever  authorised  .an 
issue  of  bills  of  credit  to  serve  as  a  legal  cuiTency. 
Tne  acceptance  of  the  notes  of  banks  whicli  are  not 
established  b}- tlie  federal  autJiority,  inpayments  t© 
tlie  United  States,  has  been  properly  left'to  thevi- 
gilar.ce  and  discretion  of  tlie  executive  dep;u't-, 
ment;  while  the  cii'culation  of  the  Ireasiu-y  notes 
employed'  either  to  borrow  money  or  to  discharge 
debts,  depends  entirely  (as  it  ought  to  depend) 
upon  tlie  option  of  the  lenders  and  creditors  to  re- 
ceive them. 

The  constitution.al  and  legal  foundation   of  tlie 
monetary  system  of  the  United    States   is  thus  dis- 
tinctly seen;  and  the  power  of  the  federal  govern- 
ment to  institute  and  regulate  it,    whether  Ciie  cii'- 
culating  medium  cojisists  of  coin  or  of  bills  of  cre- 
dit, must  in  its  general  policy,  as  \yc\\  as  the  terms 
of  its  investment,  be  deemed  an  cxciuwve  power. 
It  is  true  tliat  a  svotcm    cL'i)cndii;g  UjSon  the  ag^cn- 
cy  of  the  precious  metals,  will  be  effected  hy  the 
various  circumstances  wliich  diminish  their  quanti- 
ty or  deteriorate  their  quality.     1'h.e  coin  of  a  state 
sometimes  vanislies  under  tlie  influence  of  ixiliiisiii 
alarms;  someliiiiies  in  consequence  of  the  explosion 
of  mercantile  specilations,  and   sometimes  by  t!i.e 
dr.uu  of  an  unfavorable  cotu-se  of  tra.de.     But  wlieu- 
evcr  the  emergency  occurs   that  demmds  a 
of  system,  it  seems   iiece-ssarily  to  follow 
authority  which  was    alone    competent  to  estal3li.sl, 
the  national    coin,    is  alone  competent  to  create  .a 
national  substiture.     It  has  happciied,  hov»ever,  that 
the  coin  of   tlie  United  States  iias  ceased  to  be  the 
circidating"  medium  of  exchange;  and  tluit  no  sub- 
stiiute  lias  iiiilierto   been  prcvi.led  by  the  nauoiial' 
autliority.     During  the  last  year  the  principal  biuiks 
established  south  and  west  of  Nevz-Englantl,  resolv- 
ed that  they  would  no  lorigcr  issue  coin  in  payment 
of  their  notes,  or  of  the  dr;'ifts  of  tlieir  customcr.s, 
fir  money  received  uipou  depojite.     l,i  tlus  act  tliC 
government  of  the  United  States  Iiad  no  participa- 
:i-i;'.;  and  yet  the  immediate  effect  of  the  act  was 
to  supercede  the  only  It-gt^l  cvirrency  of  the  nalioji. 


change 
tiiat  the 


076    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBtJR  l6,  1815. 


By  this  act,  althouf^h  no  state  can  constitutional- 
ly emit  bills  of  credit,  corporations  erected  by  the 
seve]-al  states  have  been  enabled  to  circulate  a 
paper  medium  subject  lo  ni;aiy  of  iiic  p^.clical  in- 
conveniences of  the  proliibitcd  bills  of  crcli'. 

It  isnot  iutKiiiIc-il,  upon  lliis  occasion,  to  couiieniii,g(.Tioially,tlie 
suspension  of  specie  (niynients;  for  a|>i>  arnn<ji>s  imiic^ilid  an  a|>- 
priiafliing  I'lisis  wliicli  would  probalily  liavc  ini(>os;d  il  as  a  niea- 
SKi-e  of  n>-c•l-s^i!y,  il  it  liail  not  Ixcn  adopteil  as  a  nieas'iirot  prt- 
tantion.  But  tlK-  ilan>!;tr  v.liicii  oiigiiially  inilnitd,  and  jH-iliaps 
justitiini  t'f  eundiicr  of  tilt'  banks,  lias  passtcl  away,  and  tin-  ton- 
tinuance  of  (lie  suspensions  of  specie  payiiiciits  must  ii-  ascrilied 
to  autw  sei-li-s  of  caiiSiiS.  Ihc  pulilie  tiedit  and  i- soineisar'  no 
kin^ei-  inipaii'-d  by  the  dontits  and  agitations  excited  dnrins:  t!;e 
var,  by  tlie  iipsctiocs  of  the  enemy;  oi'  by  tli.'  iriadsot  an  illitii 
commeicc;  yet  tin  iPSumption  of  specie  paynieiiis  is  still  pivvrot- 
fd,  riiliirliy  the  r<dnc«l  state  of  the  uatioiud  stock  of  tin-  piTciiins 
snetals;  or  by  tlie  appr.-liensioii  of  a  further  i-i  duction  to  meet  the 
balances  of  a  foreign  trade;  or  by  the  ruliindaiit  issues  of  bank  pa- 
per. The  prul.abTe  direction  and  duration  of  the  latter  causes, 
constitute,  tlierefore,  the  eNisting  siibj-ct  for  deliberation.  WliiU: 
they  continue  lo  operate  singly  or  combined,  theaulhorlty  of  the 
states  individually,  or  tlie  agents  o'.  the  state  inslltutiuiis,  cannot 
afford  ar:nredv  connnmsurate  with  tlie  evil;  and  a  recurrence  to 
the  national  authority  is  indispensable  for  the  restoratioo  ol  ana 
tional   currency. 

In  ihescli'cti'inof  the  means  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  im- 
portant obiei-t,  it  niay  be  asked— 1st.  Whether  it  be  practicable  to 
j-enew  the  circulation  of  gold  and  silver  coins  ?  .:dly.  Whether  thi 
state  l-anks  ear,  be  successfully  employed  to  furnish  an  unilorm 
currency?  3dly.  Wluther  a  national  bank  can  be  employed  more 
advantageously  than  the  state  banks  tor  the  same  purpos  ■ .'  And 
4thly.  Wli'tlK  r  the  government  can  itself  supply  and  maintain  a 
paper  medium  of  exchange,  of  permanent  and  uniform  valui  , 
throughnut  the  Uniteil  States  ? 

in.  As  the  United  States  do  not  possess  mines  of  gold  or  silver, 
the  supplies  of  those  meials  must,  in  a  time  ol'  scarcity,  bed'  riv -d 
from  fjreign  com;iieree.  If  the  balance  of  fonign  eomni.  rC'  h. 
unfavorable,  the  siipidy  will  not  be  obtained  incid'ntally.  as  in  the 
trt>e  of  tlie  returns  for  a  surplus  of  American  exports,  but  must 
lie  t!ie  object  of  a  direct  piucleist.  'I'he  purchase  of  liulhon  is. 
however,  a  common  opi  ration  of  eommerce,  and  depends  like  other 
ojieiations.  upon  the  inducements  to  import  the  artidr. 

Ihe  Inliicements  to  import  bullion  arise,  as  in  other  eases,  from 
T(s  being  c'li  ai)  abroad,  or  from  its  being  dear  at  home.  Notwith 
standing  th.- commotions  in  South  America,  as  well  as  in  Europe, 
Tii'-re  is  no  reason  to  bdievc,  that  the  qe.atitity  of  the  precious  me- 
tals is  now,  more  than  at  any  former  perioil,  insufficient  for  the  dc- 
Jtiiiiul  throughout  the  commercial  and  civilized  world.  The  price 
Jiiriy  be  higher  in  some  countric  s  than  in  others;  and  it  may  be 
ditTerent  iiithfe  same  country  at  diii'rent  limes;  but  generally,  th- 
Eiiropeitn  stock  of  gul<l  and  silver  h;is  been  .abundant,  even  during 
the  protr  i?ted  w  p.r  « liich  has  afHicttd  the  nations  of  Europe. 

The  I'nvhase  of  bullion,  in  fori  ign  markets,  upon  reasonable 
Jevms,  is  tlien  deemed  practictible  ;  nor  can  its  importation  into  the 
l'i:ited  States  fail  eventiially  to  lie  protitable.  'I'he  actual  orice  of 
Kohl  and  silver  in  the  American  market  would  in  itselt  afford  for 
some  time  an  ample  premium;  although  the  fall  in  the  price  must 
of  ccursp  ho  proportionable  to  the  increase  uf  the  quantity.  But 
it  is  wiiliio  tile  scope  uf  a  wise  pi>{icy  to  create  additional  demands 
for  coin,  and  in  that  wav  to  multiply  the  inducements  to  import  and 
retain  the  metals  of  wiiich  it  is  composed.  For  instance,  the  <  x- 
>;e5sive  issue  of  Ivink  paper  has  usurped  the  plaee  of  the  national 
money;  and  under  such  circums'ancesgold  and  ailver  will  tilwajs 
be  treated  a^  an  article  of  merchandise;  but  it  is  hoped  that  liie 
issue  of  bank  paper  will  !,ooii  be  reduced  to  its  just  share  in  the 
circtihiting  medium  of  the  country;  and  consequently  that  l!ie 
eiiin  of  the  United  States  will  resiime  its  legitimate  cajiacity  and 
cbarai  ii-r.  Again;  the  Ireasoiy,  y'lliitig  from  necessity  to  tlie 
Rtneral  impulse,  has  !ii;lu no  eni'.s,  iitci!  Ij  receive  bank  papei"  in 
payini-i:t  of  duties  R'd  i:i\'  s  ;  but  the  period  a|)proaehes  when  it 
v.-ill  probably  beeo.ne  a  duty  to  exact  tlie  pMy.iient  i  ither  in  (reastu'y 
iiotrv,or  in  gnld  or  silver  coin  of  the  United  States.  Ajjain  ;  the 
institittious  \t  htch  shall  be  deemed  proper  in  (Vrder  to  remove  exist- 
ing inconveiili  nets,  ami  to  restore  the  naiitmal  currency,  may  be  so 
organised  as  to  engage  the  interests  anil  enterprise  ot  intlividuals 
inpro\iiling  the  means  toestalijish  them.  And  finally,  such  regiv 
Ja(ioo5  may  (leimposeil  upon  theexportati.in  of  gold  and  silver,  as 
nil!  serve  in  futui^  to  fix  and  retain  the  quantity  required  ibr  do- 
mevrie  usts. 

ilot  it  is  I'urther  lulieved,  that  the  national  stock  ofthe  precious 
iTiettils  is  not  so  reduced  as  to  render  the  operation  of  reinstxiing 
!'i"ir  ngeiicy  in  the  national  ciirreitey  either  ililficult  or  pn>ti  i<it;tl. 
'S'h*-  quantity  actually  pfissessfd  by  the  country  is  ttinsidfrai)!c  ; 
,lod  tie  resuscialion  oi  puijlic  confidence  in  bank  paps  r,  tir  in  other 
tnibstitittes  (or  coin,  s;enis  alone  to  he  wanting  to  render  it  equal  to 
file  accustomed  ctnitribiition  for  a  circuhiting  metlinin.  In  other 
toontrifs.as  wc  II  as  in  theUi.ited  Statt  s.  the  tlTtCt  of  an  excessive 
issu  J  of  pap'  r  mom  y  to  bani\h  the  precious  inttals  has  be* n  seen, 
aTi'l  tinder  eireumstaiices  miioli  imire  disadvantageoiu  than  tlie 
present:  tlieeifeclof  public  confiil  nee  in  iiationai  institutions,  to 
Vecal  the  precious  metals  to  their  usi  s  in  txchaiige,  has  also  been 
exp- ri(  need.  Even,  however,  if  it  were  praeteable,  it  iias  some 
limes  been  qie  slioned,  win  ther  it  woiiM  !>■  p.  litic  agniri  toem|>loy 
j(old  and  -.iUer  for  the  pin(;Oj.'  of  a  niilional  currency.  It  wai  long 
and  universally  suiiposel,  that  to  'oaiutai'i  a  pap  r  medium  with- 
out deiireciatloir.  Tie-  eerfiinty  ol  liiing  aide  to  e  invert  it  into  coin 
vas  inilisiieiisalile  ;  nor  can  tie  e\perienee  whicli  has  given  rise  to 
a  tJUtrMcy  doctrine  be  deemed  CJUiplele or  voudusive.    But  what- 


ever may  be  the  issue  of  that  experiment  elsewhere,  a  difference  iii 
the  structure  of  the  government,  in  the  physical  as  well  as  the  po- 
litical situation  ol  thecounrry,  and  in  the  various  depart.  .  nf  of 
industry,  s--  ins  to  d'prive  it  of  any  important  iuHuence  as  a  pre- 
ced<  lit  for  the  imiialioii  of  the  United  Statts. 

In  olf.  ring  thest  general  remarks  to  the  consideration  of  con- 
gress, it  is  notinteniled  to  convey  an  opinion  that  the  circulation 
ofthe  gold  and  silver  coins  cau  at  once  iie  renewed.  Upon  mo- 
tives of  public  convenience,  the  gradual  atlainineiit  of  that  object 
is  alone  cotit  mplated;  but  a  strong  though  respectful  solicitude 
is  felt,  that  the  measures  adojited  by  th-  legislature  should  invaria- 
bly teiiil  to  its  attainment. 

d.  Of  the  serricfs  rendered  to  the  gnvernmt  nt  by  some  ofthe 
state  banks  hiring  the  late  war;  and  of  the  liberality  by  which 
some  of  tliem  are  actuated  in  their  intercourse  with  the  lurasuryff 
justice  requires  an  explicit  acknowledgment.  It  is  a  fact,  how- 
ever,  incontestibly  proved,  that  those  institutions  cannot  at  this 
time   lie  successfully   tinployed  to  furnish   an    uniform   national 

currency. Ihe   failure  of  one   attempt  to  associate  them 

wifii  that  view,  has  already  been  stated.  Another  atie.-nnt,  by 
their  agency  in  circulating  treasury  notes,  to  ovorcomc  the 
inequalities  of  the  excliange,?  has  oiily  bet.li  partially  soccesg- 
fiil.  And  a  plan  recently  proposed,  with  the  design  to  cur- 
tail the  issue  of  i)ank  notes,  to  fix  the  publie  eoolid'iiee  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  affairs  of  the  banks,  and  to  give  each  bank  a 
legitimate  share  in  the  circulation, is  not  liki  ly  to,  receive  the  sanc- 
tion of  the  banks.  The  truth  is,  that  the  charter  restrictions  of 
some  ofthe  banks;  the  mutual  relation  and  depmdeiice  ol  the 
banks  of  the  same  state,  and  even  ofthe  banks  of  difftreiit  states: 
and  till  duty  which  the  directors  of  each  bank  eonoive  that  they 
owe  to  their  imiTip<liate  constituents  upon  points  of  sicui-ity  or 
e'lioluini  nt;  interpose  an  insuperable  obstacle  to  any  voluetai-y 
arrangement,  upon  na'ional  consid:  ratio  isalon..  lortlie  -stablisli-< 
nieiit  of  a  national  medium  tliroiigli  tlie  ag  nc_\  of  the  stat  'laiiks. 
It  is,  iievertbtless.  vvith  thi  state  banks  that  the  iii'  ssures  for  re- 
si'i-lng  till  national  currency  of  gold  and  silver  must  originate; 
lor  until  theirissues  of  pajivr  Ix.'  rtduced;  tlieir  spi  ci  crnitals  he 
reinstated;  and  their  specie  op-rations  be  coniraenci-i1:  tlier.  will 
beiieiiliir  room,  nor  employment,  nor  safety,  ftu- thi  introduction 
of  the  pr  cious  metals.  The  policy  and  iiiterestof  the  state  bank* 
must  therefore  be  engaged  in  the  great  fiscal  work,  hy  all  the 
means  which  the  treasury  can  employ,  or  the  legislative  wisdom! 
shall  provide. 

3d.  The  establishment  of  a  National  Bank  is  regarded  as  the 
best  aiid  ferliapsih-  only  adequate  resource  to  relieve  the  country 
and  th'  g:iv(r<iment  fiom  the  presi  nlfnibarrassnients.  Authoriz- 
ed to  issue  iiol  s  which  will  be  received  in  all  payments  to  the  U- 
iiiltd  States,  the  circulatitin  of  its  issues  will  b.  co-extensive  with 
tliL'  uniim;  ai.d  there  will  exist  a  conslant  demand,  bearing  a  just 
proportion  lo  the  uuniial  amount  of  the  duties  and  taxes  to  he 
collected,  indepiident  of  the  genfial  circulation  lor  commercial 
and  social  purpos's.  A  national  bank  will  tiurefore  possess  the 
m  -afis  ami  the  opportunity  of  supplying  a  circulating  medium  of 
equal  use  and  value  in  every  state,  and  in  every  district  of  every 
state.  Established  by  the  authority  of  the  gov-rinnent  ofthe  Uni- 
ted Stat' s;  accredited  by  the  government  to  the  whole  amount  of 
its  notes  in  circulation;  anil  tTitrusted  as  the  depository  of  the 
go^  ernment  with  all  the  accumulations  of  the  public  treasure;  the 
national  bank  inilepeudent  of  its  immediati?  capital,  will  enjoy 
every  recommendation  wliich  can  merit  and  secure  the  confidence 
of  the  imhlic.  Organized  upon  principles  of  responsibility,  but 
of  independence,  the  national  b.ink  will  be  retained  within  its  le- 
j^Jitimate  sphere  of  action  without  just  apprehension  from  the  mis-' 
conduct  ol^^  its  directors  or  from  the  encrtiachments  ofthe  govern-, 
inent.  Eminent  in  its  resources,  and  in  it«  example,  the  national 
bank  will  conciliate,  aiti,  and  lead,  the  state  banks  in  all  that  is 
necessary  feir  th"  r-storatioii  of  credit,  public  a  id  jnivnie.  And, 
acting  upon  a  compound  capital,  partly  of  stock  and  partly  of 
gold  and  silver,  the  national  bank  will  be  the  ready  instrumenito 
enhanee  the  value  of  the  public  securities  and  to  restore  the  cur-, 
aeiicy  of  the  national  coin. 

4.  Ihe  powers  of  the  government  to  supply  and  maintain  a  pa- 
per medium  of  excliange  willtiot  be  questioned;  but  for  the  intro-i 
duction  of  that  mfdiiim  there  must  be  an  adequate  motive.  The 
sole  mo'lve  for  issuing  treasury  notes  lias  hitlierto  lieen  to  raiso 
money  in  anticipation  of  the  revenue.  The  revenue,  however, 
will  probably  become  in  the  course  of  the  year  1  '  6,  and  continim 
afterwards  suflicient  to  discharge  all  the  defjts  and  to  defray  all  the 
expenses  of  tlie  gov,  rnment,  and  consequently  there  will  exi't  na, 
motive  to  issue  the  paper  ot  the  government  as  an  instrument  uf 
credit. 

It  w  iU  not  be  deemed  an  adeqtiate  object  for  an  issue  of  the  \ia- 
perfif  the  government,  mere!y  that  it  may  be  exchanged  for  the 
paper  of  the  banks,  since  the  treasury  will  he  abundantly  supplied 
with  liank  paper  by  the  collection  of  the  revenue,  and  the  govern- 
ment cannot  be  ex|>ected  to  rt^iider  itself  a  general  debtor,  in  or-, 
der  to  become  the  speeial  creditor  of  the  state  banks. 

The  oo-operation  of  the  government  with  the  national  bank,  in 
the  introduction  uf  a  national  currency  ni-.iy,  however,  be  advan- 
tageously employed  hy  the  istiiies  of  treasury  notes  as  long  as  they 
shall   be  r  qnireilfor  the  public  service. 

Upon  the  whole,  the  state  of  the  national  currency  and  other  im« 
porlaiit  considi  rations  connected  with  the  operations  of  the  treasu- 
ry, render  it  a  duty  res;>ectlnlly  to  propose. 

That  a  national  bank  he;  established  at  the  city  of  Philadelphia; 
having  power  to  erect  branches  tlsewbtre:  and  that  the  capita* 
of  the  bank,  being  of  a  eompeteiit  amount,  coosl'it  of  three-lburths 
of  tile  public  vtoek,  and   oiie-f.jurrb  of  gold  and  silver. 

All  whieh  is  respectfully  submitted, 

A.  .1.  DALLAS,  secretary  ofthe  treasurjr. 
Trcdsurtj  DeparttnenI,  6th  Vuemiier,  lC/15' 


iqiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TREA  SI  J  RY  REPORT. 


277 


Siatement  of  tlw  aFgrer-'aie  amount  of  the  receipts 
and  expenditures  at  the  treasury  of  the  United 
Statin  fir  edch  iiear,  from  the  commencement  of  the 
present  government,    to  the  year  1814,  inclusive. 


C. 


To  the  end  of  tlie 
year  J791 

1792 
1^)3 
1794 
1795 
1796 
1797 
1793 
1799 
1890 
1801 
18J2 
1303 
1804 
1805 
18u6 
1807 
18J8 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 


Total   emoimt 
received. 

4,771,342  43 

8,772,458  76 

6,450,195  15 

9,439,o55  65 

9,515,758  59 

8.740,329  25 

8,758,780  99 

8, 179,170  80 

12,546,813  31 

12,413,978  34 

12,945,455  95 

14,'595,793  95 

11,064,097  63 

11,826,307  38 

13,560,693  20 

15,559,931  07 

16,398,019  26 

17,060,661  93 

7,773,473  12 

12,134.214  23 

14,432,634  09 

22,659,032  76 

40,524,844  95 

34,878,432  2S 

(B.) 


Statement  of  t!'.e  public  dei)t  on  the  1st  day  of.Tan- 
u.\iT,  in  each  of  the  yeai's  from  1791  t  j  1815,  in- 
clusive. 


Total  amount 
expended. 

5,797,436  78 

8,962,923  ■^'■i 

6,479.977  97 

9,J41,593  17 

10,151,240  15 

8.367,776  84 

8,625,877  37 

8,583,618  41 

11,002,396  9r 

11,952,534  12 

12,273,376  94 

13,270,487  31 

11,2'58.9S3  67 

12,615,113  72 

13,598,309  47 

15,021,195  25 

11,292.292  99 

16,762^702  04 

13,367,226  30 

13.309,994  4« 

13,592,6:14  86 

22  279,121  I'j 

39,190,523  So 

58,547,915  62 


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it.  ... 

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Duties  imposed  on  ^oods,  tvares  and  merchandise  ma- 
nufictured  within  the  United  States,  or  the  terri- 
tories tlier-'of  by  the  acts  vf  the  ISth  of  January, 
and  t/ie  27 ih  of  February,  1815. 

?!§•  iron,  bar  h-on,  rolled  or    slit  iron,   per  ton  1 
dollar. 

Castings  of  iron,  do.  1  doHay  50  cents. 

Nails,  brads,  and  sprigs,  other  than  tliosc  usually 
denominated  wrouglit,  per  pound,  1  cent,  per  lb. 

Candles  of  white  wax,  or  in  part  of  white  and 
otlier  wax,  do.  5  cents, 

Moidd  candles  of  tallow,  or  of  wax,  other  than 
■white,  or  in  part  of  each,  do.  3  cents. 

Hilts  and  caps  in  whole  or  in  part  of  leather,  woril, 
or  furs  ;  bonnets  in  whole  or  in  part  of  wool  or  far, 
if  i^bove  two  dollars  in  value  ;  hats  of  chip  or  wood 
.covered  witli  silk  or  other  materials,  or  not  cover- 
ed, if  above  two  dollars  in  vr.lue,  8  per  cent  ad  7'a- 
lorem. 

Umhrclhas,  .and  parasols,  if  above  the  v.alue  of 
two  dollars,  8  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

Paper,  3  per  cent,  advalorein. 

Playing  and  visiting  cards,  50  per  cent,  ad  valo- 
rem. 

Saddles  and  bridles,  6  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Boots  and  bootees,  exceeding  five  dollai-«  per 
pair,  in  value,  5 per  cent,  ad  valtirem. 

Beer,  ale  and  porter,  6  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Tobacco,  man  factured,  snuff,  and  scgars,  20  per 
cent,  ad  valorem. 

Leather,  including  therein  all  hides  .and  skins, 
whether,  tawed,  dressed,  or  otherwise  made,  5  per 
cent,  ad  valorem. 

Gold,  .silver,  and  plated  ware,  .and  jewelry,    .and 
paste  work,  except  time  pieces,  5  per  cent.' ad  va- 
lorem. 

Supplement  to  No.  16,  Vol.  IX.  17 


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278      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815. 


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D. — [abiiidged.] 
Statement   e.rhihiiiiig  the  qvuntitii  "/  P^il'Hc  lands  sold. 
Sold  before  the  establisimient  of  the  huid 

offices,  acres,  1,536,552 

Jhmual  sales  from  the  opening  of   tlie  Land  n£;ces  to 
the  30th  Sept.  1814. 

NOKTU  WEST  OF  THE  KIVEU  OHIO. 

Dollars  &  cents. 


The  purcliase   mo- 
ney was    noi  cxliibi- 
.  ted     in    the    aniiuMl 
'statements    of tliose 
years. 


5,981,310  57 
355,783  04 
344,256  16 
449,502  69^ 
849,632  09 h 
527,810  52" 

1,702,016  01 

10,210,310  89 


Tears. 

Jlcrts. 

800  &  1801 

398,646-^ 

1802 

34'),010 

1803 

181,068 

1804 

373,512 

]  805 

619,266 

lijOG 

4?o,212 

1807 

284,180 

1808 

195,589 J 

2,865,573 

1809 

143,409- 

1810 

:  58,844 

1811 

207.017 

1812 

391,664 

1813 

239,980 

1814 

823,264 

4.,; '29  753 
Sales  ending  Sept. 
30,    1815,    esti 
mated  at  1,000,000 


5,829,753 


2,100,000  00 
12,310,310  89 


IJf   THE  MISSISSIPPI  TEHRITOKY. 


1807 

74,892 

1808 

17,892 

1809 

87,626 

1810 

77,035 

1811 

81,913 

1812 

144,873 

1815 

30,261 

1814 

41,272 

555,715 

les    ending 

30th 

Sept.    1815, 

esti- 

mated  at 

20,000 

149,663  01 

35,785  80 

194,871  99 

158,125  97 

164,821  86 

299,904  36^- 

60,658  86 

82,544  94 

1,146,376  82i 


40,000  00 


575,715  1,186,376  82-J 

Though  the  above  is  "abridged,"  it  is  presum-) 
ed  nothing  that  can  be  useful  is  left  out:  The 
•'hiindierlt'lis  of  acres'''  are  added  as  one  when  more 
tlian  50  and  tlircvn  away  wl^en  less.  TliC  state- 
jne'.it  is  sif^Ticd,  .JosiAii  .MEitiS,  commissioner  of  the 
land  oj!ce,"and  dated  14tli   Sept.  1815. 

\Vc  add  the  following  to  save  trouble  in  general 
references. 

.^cret. 
Lands  sold  before  the 
estalilisiiiTient  of  hind 
oflices,  1,536,552 

N.  V^^  of  tlie  Ohio 
from  1800  to  Sept. 
30,  1815, 

In  the  Mississippi 
Te'  ritorv,  from  1 807 
to  Sept."  30,  1815, 


Dollars. 


not  stated. 


3,829,755        12,310,310  89 


575,715 


1,186,376  82^- 

TeTAL  7,942,020         13,496,687  71  f 

E. — [aiisthact.] 
Statement  of  small  treasury  votes  issued,  and  estimate 
of  tho::e  t, ■-issued  prior  to  the  1st    Vclober,    ISlo. 
All  that  IS  j^eneraliy  useAd  or  that  c:ji  be  gener- 
ally inieresiing  under  this  heed,  is  included  in    tliP 
aggregates  given  in  page  269,  except  the  rates   of 


NILES>  WEEKLY  REGISTER— TREASURY  REPORT. 


279 


premium  at  which  1,365,000  dollars  worth  were  sold 
as  follows  : 

300,000  at  4  ;  19,600  at  3}  ;  89,400  at  3  ;  55,000 
at  2;  ;  281,000  at  2!i  ;  5,000  at  2\  ;  340,000  aL  2  ; 
10,000  at  1|  ;  91,000  at  1^  ;  74,000  at  U  ;  and 
100,000  it  1,  per  cent,  one  month's  interest  deduct- 
ed on  the  last  quantity.  The  gross  produce  of 
premiums  was  §31893  37  :  deduct  sundry  cliarges 
incurred  §1,785  73 — the  net  ])remium  received  by 
the  United  Sutles  was  8^2,107  61. 

F. 
This  documeiit  is   sufficiently    explained   in  the 
statement  given,  page  269. 

G 
Is  a  list  of  subscriptions  to  the  loan,  already  no- 
ticed as  extensively  as  can  be  considered  generally 
useful.     See  page  270. 

II  &T 
Are  merely  copies  of  Adv-ertlscmeiits  Inserted  in 
the  pu^jlic  papers  for  the    purposes  stated    iu   the 
repoi  t — page  270. 

K — [abstract.] 
IStatement  of  temporan/    loans  made   the   year   li)15, 
("p'-iorto  ilie  lat  Oct. J  under  several  acts  cf  Con- 
gress. 
Nov.  IS,  1814,  Manhattan  Company,  New- 
York,  at  7  per    cent,  re- 
imbursable,   1st    March 
and  1st  May  1815  §200,000 

—  Mechanics  B.ink,N.Y.  at  the 

same  rate  of  interest  and 
reimbursable  as  above         200,000 

—  City  Bank,  N.Y.  at  tlie  same 

rate  of  interest  and  reim- 
bursable as  above  200,000 

—  Manhattan  Company,   Me- 

chanics Bank,  City  Bank 
and  Bank  of  America, 
§75,000  each,  at  6  per 
ceiit.  and  reimbursable 
on  the  1st  Aug.  1815  300,000 

—  State  Bank  of  South-Caro- 

lina, at  6  per  cent,  and 
reimbursable  Dec  1, 1815     50,000 


between  Jan.  11  and  March  1,  1S15 — 
1,025,080  ;  on  and  between  Feb.  1  and 
July  21,  1816— 4,664,240  ;  in  all  8,190,380 

Philadelphia — on  ancl  between  June  21, 
1815  to  Jan.  1,  1816—1,825,980;  on 
and  between  Jan.  11  and  iv\\\&  21, 
1815—1.414,930  ;  on  and  between 
Feb.  1  and  July  11,  1816—2,730,640; 
in  all  5,971,600 

Bcdtimore — on  and  between  Aug.  1  and 
Dec.  1, 1815—205,000  ;  Feb.'l,  1816— 
11,000;  Feb.  1  and  March  11, 1816— 
280,380  ;  in  all  488,380 

Washington — on  and  between  Julv  21,  181. 5 
and  Jan.  !,  1816—828,340 ;'  on  x\\\ 
and  belvveen  Jan.  11  and  Ap.ii  21, 
1816 — 271,660  ;  on  and  between  A- 
pril  21  andJune  1, 1816—9,360;  in  all  1,109,360 

Richmond—on  tlie  21st  Deo.  1815-15,000; 
on  and  between  Feb.  1  and  April  21, 
1816—44,780;  in  all  59,780 

Charleston—on  the  1 1th  Aug  1815-1 50,000; 

onthe21stFeb.  1816— 100,000;   in  ail    250,000 

Savannah— on  tlie  1st  Sept.  185  6  342,000 

Other  notes  to  the  amoimtof  3694;600    were  is- 
sued from  Aug.  21   to  Oct.  1,    1815,   inclusive,   but 

the  places  at  wliich    they  are  reimbursable  are  not 

mentioned. 

Estimate  of  the  amount  of  principal  and  interest  of 
every  dcsdHpti-jv,  [of  treasuiy  ivjtes]  which  will  come 
as  a  charge  upon  the  trea.snry  during  the  year  1816. 

I.  Treasury  notes  bearing  interest. 

1.  Such  as  are  charged  upon  the  sinking  fund. 

Amount  which    became  payable  in 

1814,  and  which  wus  not  paid,         §2799,200  00 
Amount  which    became  payable  in. 

1815,  7,847,280  00 
Amount  whicli  will  become  pavable 

in  1816,  ■  2,772,720  00 


March  3, 1815.  Bank  of  Virginia  450,000. 
Farmers    Bank   of  Vir- 
ginia,   200,000,  at    6  per 
cent,  reimbursable    May 
1,  1816,  but  repaid  in  Ju- 
ly 1815  650,000 
-Feb.  13.     —     Bank    of  the    Metropolis, 
Bank      of     Washington, 
Bank  of  Columbia,  and 
Union   Bank    of  Alexan- 
dria, 25,00!)  each,  at  6  per 
cent,  reimbursable  in  3 
years  100,000 
100,000  of  6  per  cent  stock  was  issued  at    par  on 
account  of  a  loan  of  that  amount  made  by  the  com- 
mittee of  defence  of  Philadelphia. 
L. — [arstii^ct.] 
This  is  a  list  of  the  times  when  treasinw  notes 
issued  from  June  21,  1814,  to  Sept.  1,    1815,  were 
reimbursable — the  names  of  the  places    at   wiiicli 
they  were  payable,  and  their  respective  and  aggre- 
gate amoiuits. 

Boston — reimbursable  thereat  on  and  be- 
tween the  1st  Aug.  and  21st  Dec. 
1815—309,300  ;  on  the  llih  Jan. 
1816—50,000;  and  on  the  1st  8i  Uth 
ARrch  147,000  ;   in  all  §506,300 

JS'enti- York— on  and  between  July  1,  1815 
and  Jan.  1,  1816— 2,501,560";  on  and 


§13,419,200  00 

2.  Such  as  are  payable  out  of  any 
monies  in  tlte  treasury  not  other- 
wise appropriated. 

Amount  wliich  will  become  pavable 

in  1816,  '  8,318,400  00 

3.  Such  as  are  not  reimbursable  in 
money,  but  may  be  funded  for  6 
per  cent,  stock  at  par,  or  paid  for 

duties,  taxes,  or  any  public  dues  i 

whatever, 
Amount   issued  prior  t,j    Ist  Oct. 

1815,  694,600  00 

Amount  estimated  to  be  issued  from 

1st  Oct.  to  3 1st  Dec.  1815,  500,000  CO 


II.  Small  treasury  notes  not  on  in- 
terest, not  reimbursable  in  mo- 
ney, but  may  be  fintde  I  for  7  per 
cent,  stock  at  par  or  p;iid  for  du- 
ties, taxes,  or  any  public  dues 
wliatevcr. 

Amount  issued  and  re-issued,  per 
jjrcceding  statement,  (marRed  J).) 
to     Sept.     30,     1815,    4,142,850 

Amount  estimated  to  be 
issued  and  re-issued 
from  1st  Oct.  to  31st 
Dec  1315,  500,'  00 


§22,932,200  00 


4,642,850  00 
27,575,050  00 


o 


so      KILES^  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1815^. 


Interest.  The  amount  estimated  to 
be  payable  fur  imerest  on  the 
notes  bearing  interest  is  about 


1,000,000  00 


Amoimt  S2S,5r5,050  UU 
Toward^  tlie  reimbursement  of  trea- 
sury notes  payable  at  Piiiiadel- 
pl.ia,  li.cltimore.  Washing-ton, 
Cliarleston,  and  Savannah;  tliere 
has  been  advanced  fio'n  tlie  trea- 
sujy  the  sum  of        I,o36,0u0  00    ^ 


I'he  amount  of  trea- 
sury notes  bearing 
interest,  subscribed 
to  the  loan  prior  to 
-the  1st  Ocv.  1815, 
was, principal  and  in- 
terest. 

And  it  is  estimated 
that  tlie  amount 
»u>.,-%cribed  between 
the  Isi  Oct.  and  31st 
Dec.  lyi5,  will  be 


3,161,587  06 


2,500,000  00 


5,561,587  05 


18,950 


The  amount  of  small 
treasury  n.ites  fund- 
ed for  7  per  cent, 
stock,  prior  to  the 
1st  Oct.  1815,  was  j,o 

And  tlie  amount  esti- 
mated to  be  funded 
between  the  1st  Oct 
and  31st  December, 
1815,  is  1,000,000 


'I'lie  amount  estimated 
to  be  rede''i;ud  by 
payments  for  ciuvies, 
taxes,  &c.  piior  to 
1st  Jan.  1815,  is,  of 
treasiu'v  notes  bear- 
ing; interest,  1,500,000 

Uf  small  treasury  notes  100,000 


4,318,950  00 


Fourteenth  Congress. 

SENATE. 

Robert  H.  Goldst.  uroughy 
Cone  varavt.J 

VIHUI'VIA. 

James  Bnrbour, 
Cone  vGcaitt.J 

TuyXTA  CAKOLINA. 

Nathaniel  Macon, 
James  Turner. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

John  Gaillard, 
John  T.aylor. 

GKOT'r.IA. 

William  W.  Bibb, 
Charles  Tait. 

KENTUCKY. 

William  T.  Barry, 
Isham  Talbot. 

TENNKSSTvE. 

George  W.  Campbell, 
John  Williams. 

OHIO. 

Jeremiah  Morrow, 
Benjamin  Ruggles. 

LOUISIANA. 

James  Brown, 
Eligius  Fromentin. 

HOUSE  OF  REPKESENTATIVES. 


NEW-HAMPSUrRE. 

Teremiuh  JMason, 
Thomas  W.  I'/wnip^-nn, 

JfASSAt'HUSrTTS. 

Christopher  Gore, 
Joseph  B.  Varnurn. 

nnODE-lSLAND. 

JeremialiB.  Howell, 
iVilUam  Hunter. 

COSPfECTICUT. 

David  Jhigt>-ett, 
Samuel  IV.  Dana. 

VKn.MONX. 
Dudley  Chase, 
Isaac  Tichenor. 

TiKW-YOBK. 

Rufus  King, 
Nathan  .San ford, 

NEW-JEKSEV. 

John  Gondii, 
James  J.  Wilson. 

FKXNSYLVANIA. 

Abner  Lacock, 
Jonathan  Roberts. 

l>ELAW.»,nE. 

Outerbridrre  Horsei',  ■ 
miUam  Jl.  WeUs: 


1,600,000  00 
13,116,537  06 


Leaving  as  the  amount  outstanding'^ 
at  tlie  end  of  the  year  1815,  and 
wiiicii  will  come  as  a  charge 
'.;;,on  the  treasury  in  the  year  )>^15,458,51^ 
!f:;!6,  of  principal  :md  imerest  of 
;  r.eiisury  notes,  of  all  descrip- 
tions, __, 

■  r.TE.     Tliese  documents  occ\\\>y  fourteen  whole 

.'    \  ■  of  paper  in  the   official  copy — ftdly    one  half 

■•:  is  inserted  in  detail,  word  for  word  and  figure 

:;ure,  twg'ether  with  what  vve  consider  sufficient 

.-.■cts  of  ttie  other  half,  for  every  common  pur- 

C;  m  three  anil  a  hidf  pages  of  the  I^eoisteu  !    It 

■j.,t  .1  good  deal  of  trouble  to  do  this,  but  it  is   a 

J  iMrtd  object  with  us  to  save  room. 


I'tlnter.     Ycsterdiiy,  says  a  Quebec  paper  Octo 
■  .V    ol,  our  cabriolcs  began  to  rr.n,  such    is   tiie 
.mity  of  snow  tliat  has  fallen.     Tins  morning  tiie 

■rinometer  was  12  below  the  freezing  point. 

'  A    cold  fixos^  the  snow  for  tlie  present;  and  Uiis 
„  liie  HMaitli  of  October. 


NEW-HA.MPSIIIHE. 

Charles  If.  Jtherion, 
Bradbiirii  Cillei', 
William  Hale, 
Roger  Vose, 
Daniel  IVebster, 
.Tedntlinm  Wilcorr. — 6 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

William  Baiilies, 
George  Rradburij, 
F.Ujah  Brigham, 
Benjamin  Broivn, 
James  Carr, 
Samuel  S.  Connor, 
Jo/in   W.  Hulbert, 
Cvrn:;  King, 
Elijah  II.  Mills, 
Jeremiah  JW'hon, 
Albion  K.  Parris, 
Tiinothv  Pickering, 
■IJin  Reed, 
Thomas  Rice, 
JV  « th aTiiel  Buggies, 
.Isabel  Stearns, 
Snhmou  Strong, 
Sumind  Tuggart, 
.h'tema.t  U  urd, 
Laban  Wheaion — 20. 

naODE-ISLAN^B. 
Joh7l  Ij.    EoiiS, 

James  B  JMason — 2. 

CON?fECTICUT 

Epaphrodiins  Champion, 
.Tuhn  Davenport,  jnn. 
I  A/man  Law, 
Jonathan  O.  JMosely, 
Timothy  Pitkin, 
Leivis  B.   St7irQ-es, 


lienjamin  '^■" 


Tallmadge- 


VEUMONT. 

Daniel  Chipinan, 
Luther  Jewctt, 


Chavnccy  Langdun, 
Asa  Lyon, 
Charles  JMarsh, 
John  J\'oyes — 6. 

NEW-YORK. 

David  Adgate, 
Samuel  R.  Betts, 
James  Birdsall. 
Victory  Birdseye, 
Micah  Brook, 
Daniet'  Cady, 
Oliver  C.  Comstock, 
Henry  Crocheron, 
Thomas  R.  Gold, 
Thomas  P.    Grosveiwr^ 
Jabez  D.  Hanmtond, 
William  Irving, 
JHoses  Kent, 
Joliu  Lovett, 
Rosea  JHofJit, 
Peter  B.  Porter, 
Erastus  Root, 
John  Savage, 
Abraham  II.  Schenck,- 
Westel  Willoughby, 
JohnW.  Taylor, 
Enos  T.  Throop, 
George  Towns  end, 
Jonathan  Ward, 
Peter  H.  Wendover,. 
James  W.  Wilkin, 
John  B.  Yates— 27. 

NEW-JEUSEY. 

Ezra  Baker, 
Ephraim  Bateman, 
Benjamin  Bennett, 
Lewis  Condit, 
Henry  Southard, 
Thomas  Ward, — 6. 

PE.V'.SYLVANIA. 

Thomas  Burnside, 
William  Crawford, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— KENTUCKY  STATISTICS. 


281 


William  Darlington, 
Wihi:m  Findley, 
Hugli  GLisgovv, 
Isaac  Griffin, 
John  Haiin, 
Jo3epli  Heister, 
Joseph  Hopkinson, 
Samuei  D.  Iiig'ham, 
Jai'ecl  Irwin, 
Auroii  I^yle, 
Wiiliatn  Maclay, 
William  JMilnor, 
AVilliam  Piper, 
Jolin  Ross, 
John  Sargecmt, 
Thomas  Smith, 
James  M.  AVallace, 
John  Whiteside, 
Tliomas  ^7ilson, 
"  William  Wilson, 
John  Woods — 23. 

UELAWAEE. 

Thomas  Claiiton, 
Thomas  Co  ape  r — 2. 

MAllTLAJfU. 

Stevenson  Archer, 

George  Baer, 

Charles  GoUhhoro7igh, 
Alexander  C.  Hanson, 
John  C.  Herbert, 
Nicholas  R.  Moore, 
William  Pmkney, 
Philip  Stuart, 
Roba-t  Wright— 9. 

rUlGlMA. 

Pliilip  P.  Barboiir, 
Biirwell  Basset, 
Jaines  Breckenridge, 
AVilli<im   A.  Burw^y, 
John  Clopton, 
Tliomas  Giiolsori, 
Peterson  Goodwyn, 
Aylett  Hawes, 
John  P.  Hungerford, 
John  G.  Jackson, 
James  Joiinson, 
Jolin  Kerr, 
Joseph  Leivis,  jiair. 
William  M'Coy, 
Hugh  Nelson, 
Thoniis  Newton, 
James  Pleasants,  jun, 
John  Randolph, 
William  H.  Uoane, 
Daniel  Sheffey, 
Ballard  Smith. 
Magnus  Tate, 


SOHTH  CAnOLINA. 

Joseph  H.  Bryan, 
James  W.  Clarke, 
John  Cidpepper, 
Daniel  M.  Forney, 
William.  Gaston, 
WiJiiam  R.  Khig, 
William  Love, 
William  H.  Murfree, 
Israel  Pickens, 
Hichard  Stanford, 
Lewis  Williams, 
Bartlett  Yancey, 
C  One  vacant.  J — 13. 

SOUTH-CAUOLIXA. 

John  C.  Callioun, 
John  J.  Chappell, 
Benjamin  linger, 
William  Lov.mdes, 
William  Ma\Tant, 
Henry  Middleton, 
Thomas  Moore, 
John  Taylor, 
William  ^Vood  ward— 9. 

(JEOH«IA. 

Alfred  Cuthbert, 
John  ForsytliG, 
Boiling  Hall, 
Wilson  Lumpkin, 
Thomas  Telfair, 
Richard  H.  Wilde— 6. 

KENTUCKY. 

James  Clark, 
Hemy  Clay,  f  Speaker. J 
Joseph  Desha, 
Benjamin  Hardin, 
Richard  M.  Jolmson, 
Samuel  M'Kee, 
Alney  M'Lean, 
Stephen  Ormsby, 
Solomon  P.  Sharpe, 
Micah  Taul.— 10. 

TEXVESSEB. 

Willie  Blount, 
Newton  Cannon, 
Bennett  H.  Henderson, 
Samuel  Powell, 
James  B.  Reynolds, 
Isaac  Thomas, 
oaio. 
John  Alexander, 
James  Caldwell, 
Da.vid  Clendenen, 
William    Creightcai,  jun. 
James  Kilbourn, 
Jolui  ^I'Lean — 6. 

LOriSIAXA. 

1. 


H.  St.  George  Tucker--23.Thomas  B.  Robertson- 
DELEGATES. 
Sjississippt    tehritokv.       Illinois    TEHHiTORr. 
William  Lattimore.  Benjamin  Ste])hcnson, 

IXDIAXA  TERRITORY.  MISSOURI    TERRITORT 

Jonathan  Jennings.  Rufus  Easton. 

dj'Federalists  in  Italic. 

STATE  OF     PARTIES     IX    THE   14th  CONGRESS. 

C Believed  to  be  nearly  correct. J 
IN  SENATE. 
Republicans  24     ^ 

Federalists  12     3 

INFajority  12 

•The  vacancy  in  Maryland  supposed  to    be  filled 
By  a  federalist — that  in  Virginia  by    u  republican. 


Total  36.« 


HOUSE    OF  REPRESENT ATRTIS. 


Hep. 

Fed. 

ToKkt 

New  Hampshire, 

00 

6 

6 

Massachusetts, 

2 

18 

20 

Rhode  Island,, 

00 

2 

2 

Connecticut, 

00 

7 

7 

Vermont, 

00 

6 

6 

New-York, 

21 

6 

27 

New-Jersey, 

6 

00 

6 

Pennsylvania, 

18 

5 

23 

Delaware, 

00 

2 

2 

Maryland, 

4 

5 

9 

Virginia, 

18 

5 

23 

North  Carolina, 

10 

3 

13 

South  Carolina, 

9 

00 

9 

(ieorgia. 

6 

00 

6 

Kentucky, 

10 

00 

10 

Tennessee, 

6 

00 

6 

Oliio, 

6 

00 

6 

Louisiana, 

1 

00 

1 

iir 

65 

182 

65 

Majority 

52 

District  of  Columbia. 

ASSESS-VTEXT  UNDER  THE  DIRECT  TAX  LAW. 

The  aggregate  amount  of  property  in  Alexandria 
comity,  and  that  part  of  Washington  county,  south 
east  of  the  Eastern  Brimch,  is  %i,277,79i 

In  Georgetown,  and  that  part  of  the 
county  of  Washington,  west  of  Rock  creek  2,325,875 

In  Washington  city,  and  that  part  ofthe 
county  west  of  the  Eastern  Branch  and 
east  of  Rock  creek  3,490,488 


9,094,157 
Rate  ofthe  direct  tax,  twenty-two  and  a  half  cents 
on  every  hundred  dollars  value  of  lands  and  slaves; 
or  less  than  one-fourth  of  one  per  cent. 

It  is  very  obvions  to  those  acquainted  witli  th*^ 
value  of  property  on  this  side  the  Potomac,  and 
probably  on  tlie  otiier,  that  the  valuation  is  very 
moderate,  the  actual  value  of  jn-operty  being  general- 
ly much  above  the  assessment. 


VIRGINIA.  The  valuation  of  lands  and  slaves 
in  Virgmia,  under  the  law  laying  a  direct  tax,  is 
§263,584,600.  Tlie  tax  amounts  to  28  cents  for 
every  hundr.-d  dollars  value,  or  rather  more  than  a 
quarter  of  one  per  cent. 

iTj^^^  e  hope  that  some  gentleman  in  Virginia  m.-iv 
favor  the  public  with  a  detailed  statement  of  tills 
assessment.  Such  things  add  greatly  to  the  stock 
of  useful  information;  and,  collected  to  a  focus,  arc 
exceedingly  important  as  well  as  interesting. 


Kentucky  Statistics. 

Frankfort,  ,Yovcmber  24. 
The  president  of  the  board  of  principal  assessors 
(wlio  liave  been  engaged  in  apportioning  the  direct 
t '.x  for  some  da3's  past)  has  politely  furnished  us 
with  the  following  list  of  the  valuation  of  property 
and  apportionment  of  tax  in  each  county,  from 
wiiich  every  man  wlio  knows  the  valuation  of  liis 
property  can  at  once  ascertuh;  how  niuc'i  tax  he  will 
have  to  -lax. 


282      NILES   WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  16,  1816. 


BOAlin   OF    PUTXCIPAL  ASSERS)RS, 

Frankfurt,  J\'ovember  21st  1815. 
STiTEMEVT  of  tlie  viUuations  of  hmds,  lots  witli 
liioir  iinproveTnc!it.i,  dwelling-  liouses  and  slaves 
within  t!ie  sever.d  counties  of  tiie  st.ate  of  Kent\icky, 
as  revised  and  seUled  by  tlie  boiird  cf  princip:d  as- 
se.ssors,  and  the  aiponnt  of  the  quota  of  eacl\. 


COUXTIES 

and 

DISTRICTS. 


?;• 


1^ 


rClark 
Estill    . 

.Montgomery     . 
Hath     .         ... 
Fiemifig    . 
(iieenup 
Floyd 
Fayette 
J  ssaminc 
Woodford     . 
'Scott 
Harrison 
Pendleton 
Campbell 
Boon 
C:d  latin 
\^Franklin  . 
^  fWonvhon 
£•     Nicholas 
&<{  Bracken 
I  1  Mtson 
?  U-ewis 
"Livingston 
Caldwell 
Chri.riian 
Breckenridge 
Ohio  .  '       . 

Ci  ray  son 
Miihlenbiirg'     . 
Henderson    . 
Hopkins   . 
Union    . 
o  (^Rarren 
^     Warren 
s<  Logan 
3.  I  Biuler 
~  L.Cavni)crIand     . 
^  TiMercer 
(3  j  (iarrard 
S'"")  .Madison 
a'  Lciay 
'Biiditt 
J  crt'erson 
Henry 
Shelby 

Non-residents  of  the 
L.     wJiole  district. 
"Lincoln 
Rockcastle 
Knox    . 
Pulaski     . 
Wavne 
\chi: 
^Casey    . 
2  pn.trdin 
^■j  Xclson 
a^  Waihington 
^'  l_lircen    . 


BECAPITUL\TIOTvr. 


■2,490,895 


1,538,7'57 

914,467 

1,138,77( 

408,070 

177,36 

9,049,OJ2 

1,889.848 

2,837,373 

2,737,436 

1,662,911 

387,80; 

1,094,239 

837,83 

822,566 

2,413,976 

4,484,476 

774,355 

612,797 

3,203,701 

263,699 

554,417 

672,223 

4,099,746 

542,627 

730,525 

258,989 

571,819 

795,41? 

628,061 

DO*-  ^rtc 

OoO,Joi« 

1,794,923 

1,878,006 

2,629,986 

344,626 

935,224 

2,661,159 

1,525,910 

2,545,286 

331,105 

5u5,5{)5 

5,097, 1 3t' 

1,109,427 

3,049,613 


1,270  5 
6,0U1  15 
3.586  42 
4,480  2u 
1,591  49 
691  72 

35,291  Iv.' 
7,370  40 

11,065  75 

10,676  O'J 
6,485  35 
1,512  43 
4,267  56 
3,267  56 
3,208  00 
9,414  50 

17,489  45 
3,019  98 
2,389  55 

12,494  6f: 
1,028  42 
2,162  32 
2,621  70 

15,989 
2,416 
2,849 
1,010 
2,230 
3,102 
2,449 
1,893  60 
7,000  19 
7,324  22 
10,256  94 
1,344  4 
3,647  37 
10,378  52 
5,951  04 
9,926  61 
1,291  30 
2,233  46 
19,878  84 
4,326  76 
11,893  49 


I    <^ 


-:    5    <»-  a 


5-  ^ 

o 


lOth  do. 


7,004,107 
13,776,223 
9,956,768 
9,338.998 
9,380,4.  8 
7,582,76^ 
7,06:3,46w 
11,054,590 
4,987,566 
6,914,952 


87,018,83; 


27,316  00 
53,727  25 
38,831  37 

36.422  6 

36.423  67 
29,572  76 
27,547  47 
43,112  88 
19,451  48 
26,968  30 


339,373  24 


Gr.and  total  |_. ,,_   ,  _. 

We  certify  that  the  rate  of  assessment  directed 
by  the  board  of  principal  assessors,  to  be  taken  for 
raising  the  quota  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  of  the 
direct  tax  for  the  vear  1815,  imposed  by  the  act  of 
congress  of  the  9th  Jan.  1815,  if  tldrty-nine  cents  on 
the'hnmlred  dollars  of  the  value  'f  the  property  subject 
to  the  direct  tax  luithin  the  said  state. 

.lA-MES  ALLEN, 
J.  W.  B.VYLOR, 
Clerks  of  the  Board  of  Principal  Assessor^ 


24 
4 
5 
9 

10 

4 


1,212,906 

1,941,455 

241,329 

417,746 

547,0/ 

594,380 

872,502 

373.08- 

l,307,«->8 

2,344,98.: 

1,992,036 

1,270,123 


7,571  67 
941  18 
1,629 
2,133 
2,j'18 
3,402 
1,455 
5,100  45 
i'.145  41 
7,763  94 
t,953  47 


20 

5ti 

8 

75 


Finances  of  Viro-inia. 

o 
Treasury  Opfice,  Dec.  11th,  1815. 

SIR — I  have  the  honor  of  laying  before  the  gene- 
ral assembly,  a  report  of  the  accounts  of  tlie  trear 
sury  office,  for  tlie  year  ending  the  30th  September 
last,  in  "conformity  to  the  act  entitled,  "An  act, 
changing  the  fiscal  year  of  this  commonwealth,  an4 
for  otlier  purposes,"  passed  the  12th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1814. 

The  document  marked  (A)  is  an  account  of  mo- 
ney received  at  the  treasury,  from  the  1st  of  Octo- 
ber 1814,  to  tlie  30th  day  of  September,  1815,  in- 
clusive— the  time  when  received,  and  on  vvliat  ae- 
count;  arranged  under  the  diiierent  heads  of  re- 
venue. 

That  marked  (B)  exhibits  an  account  of  tlie  dis- 
bursements within  the  same  period — the  month 
when  disbiu'sed,  and  on  w  liat  account,  agreeably  to 
tlie  law  appropriating  the  public  revenue. 

And  that  marked  (C.)  is  a  general  accoun*^  of  re- 
ceipts  and  disbursements,   predicated    on  tlie  two 
foregoing'  accounts,  v.-jiich  shews  a  balance  of  nine- 
ty-six thousand  one  hundred  and  thirt}'-one  dollars  i 
..nd  ninety  six  cents,  in  the  treasury,  on  the  30th  day  < 
of  September  last. 

1  liave  tlie  iionor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient  i 
iiumble  servant, 

JOHN  PRESTON,  Treasurer. 
The  hon.  the  Sl>eaker  uf  the 

house  of  delegates. 

nOCUMKXT — (C.) 

The  public  Treasury,  between  tJie  1st  day  of  Octo- 
ber, 1814,  and  the  30i.li  day  of  September,  1815, 
inclusive —  .  .  .  Dk. 

To  bu.Lnce  against  ti\c  treasury,  on 
50th  day  of  September,  1814,  .ts  per 
report  ofllie  committee,  appointed 
to  examine  the  treasurer's  accoimts   §140,353  02 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— DI{,FERRED  ARTICLES. 


Disbursements  from  the  1st  J:iy  of  Oc- 
^tober,  1814  U)  the  30th  d..y  of  Sep- 

teiiibpr  1815,  ..is  follows — 
Expences  of  \he  general  assembly 
Officers  of  :^overnment 
OfiGicf"-^  of  militia 
Miiiti.t  fine-fund 
Crimliiiii  churg-es,  including- guards  in 

the  country 
Removir,;^-  crimi:\.iis   to    the   peniten- 

"tiar\- 
Interr  I   c'larg-es  of  the  penitentiary. 


■  mc. 


o'ftcers'  salaries 


Public  <  lard  i  i  the  city  of  Kichmond 

Sluve-i  executed  and  iransported 

Lnii.i'ic  Ho.spii„l 

Military  coiiiingent  fimd 

Fensio'.frs 

Interest  on  old  certificate  debt 

Commissioners  of  the  revenue 

AIanuf,,c\oi-y  of  arms 

Distribution  of  public  arms 

Clt-rks'   and  sheriffs'  fees 

Circuit  court  cicrks' 

Representation  to  congTess  and  state 
sena'ie 

Inspectors  of  tobacco,  and  supei'inten- 
daucs  of  pvib.ic  warehouses 

Civii  co.itingent  fund 

Special   ac;s  of  tisscmbly 

W.irrants  not  provided  for 

Intevcsc  on  new  certilicate  debt 

Rifles  made  under  coniract  with  the 
Executive 

Literary  fund 

Sick  and  disabled  soldiers 

Repairs  done  to  the   c;ipitol 

Interest  on  the  io.iu  of  2UU,000  dollars 
authorized  by  act  of  die  18th  No- 
vember, 1814 

Interest  on  lue  loan  or800,OUO  dollars 
autuonzed  by  act  passed  27th  De- 
cember, 1814 


72,935 

89 

71,132 

76 

6,194. 

48 

3,893 

36 

18,127  34 

2,512 

55 

26,978 

96 

7iru2 

86 

7,5J'J 

5,(jj0 

967,797 

54 

5,4o9 

38 

5,u3S 

46 

16,445 

95 

54,824  63 1 

223 

Oft 

79 

Sales  of  reprieved  slaves 

The  debt  due  from  the  general 

government 
Fines  constituting  the    Literary 

fund 
Revenue  taxes  of  1815 
Duties  on  stamps 


283 

5,320  4i 

100,000 

10,566  38 
21,407  18 
1..1j8  13 

§1,610,985  49 


311  80 
2,545 

161  80 


;^5 1,5 14,853  53 
Balance  in  the  treasury  on   the  30tU 

day  of  September,  1815  96,131  96 


Deferred  Articles. 

London,  Od.  5. — On  Monday  evcnhiL;  Mr.  Palmer 
arrived  here  from  Paris,  followed  by  66  5  enormous 
bales,  containing  all  the  eftec:s  of  Bonr-.p.  rte,  which 
he  had  acquired.  Among  them  is  his  carriag-e  of 
ceremony,  which  surpasses  any  thing  of  the  kind 
we  liave  ever  seen  in  this  country. 

October  21. — The  Exchange  on  Paris  is  24,  wiiich 
is  at  par. — This  has  not  been  t!ie  ca.se  before  or 
since  the  revolution  ;  gold  bullion  is  also  lower;, 
a  guinea  is  precisely  worth  2l3.  accordirig  to  the 
price  of  gold. 

September  30. — The  whole  of  ihe  TripoHtcui  armed 
ships  are  now  at  sea,  to  tlie  number  of  nine,  includ- 
ing a  coivette  of  16  guns,  which  is  said  to  liave 
passed  the  Straits  of  Oibraltai-.  The  greater  part 
of  these  cruisers  are  lateen  rigged,  resembling  tlie 
Genoese  schebecs. 

lie-li-g-i-'itts.     In  the  remonstrance  of  tlie  Belgian 
(Catholic)  bishops,  to  the  king  of  the  Xeiherland.sv 
dated  July  28th,  we  perceive  the  vcrj'  unchrisiian 
protest,  which  follows,  against  the  i)rocl..mation  of 
July  13,  declaring  equality  of  religious  rights  : 

"Already  the  proclamation  of  your  majesty,  which 
announced  that  ilie  new  constitution  should  insure 
the  liberty  of  relig-ioiis,  and  give  all  equal  favor  aiid 
protection,  filled  every  jieart  witii  consternation.  It 
is  known  that  tliis  dangero-.is  system  is  one  of  tiie 
6,827  48;  main  articles  of  tlie  modern  philosophy,  which  has 
been  the  source  of  so  many  misfortunes  to  us  ;  t;-.at 
evidently  aims  at  exciting-  indiffei-encc  to  ail  reli- 
gions ;  at  lessening  tiu-ir  influence  from  day  to  u-p, 
and  at  destroying  tiiem  isi  the  en<l  eiitirclv. 


3,396 

89 

13,072 

15 

2,8S1. 

39 

3,954 

57 

52,500 

1,300 

6,408 

511 

50 

1,871 

13 

7,000 


"The  right  reverend  Dr. 


gl,610,9S5  49 


Or. 

I'By  receipts  in  the  treasury,  within  the 
period  aforesaid,  on  account  of  the 
revenue  taxes  of  1814  §463,085  40 

An-ears  of  taxes  8,998  53 

Clerks  and  notaries  43,492  09 

Inspec^oi-.i  of  tobacco,  and  pro- 
prietors andsuperiniendants  of 
warer;ou.3es  S,396  19 

Divers  persons,  on  sundry  ac- 
co-aats  '  23,729  72 

Auciioneers  1,057  12 

Pe.iKeniiary  agents  10,035  29 

Casiiier.^  of  ha.iks  92,-Jiu>  25 

Tlic  i'.t:  ■iiers'  B^nk  of  Virginia, 
on  accouni  of  -Liie  Icn  of 
80J,v.^,jdo;u.rs  800,000 

James  iiiver  Canal  Company  6,00J 

f  JBh  ACCdt'VT  »!•- 

The  redempuon  of  land  for  the 

luin-puy'iiciu  of  taxes  1,843  71 

Unappr,,priated  land  1,210  67 

Militia  fines  4,616  39 


JMissionary  to  Ceylon 
M'Keny,  (says  the  Westmeath  Journal)  forsnerly 
porter  lo  Mr.  Keene  of  Dublin,  has  had  ;-t>:  :'.t  suc- 
cess on  tlie  mission  in  Ceylon  ;  ic  is  supposed,  -udth 
the  assistance  af  our  brethren  i:i  arms,  m..iiy  of  the 
inhabitants  of  that  country  will  be  converted." 

The  curse  of  ^He^iiimucy."  A  horrible  war  has 
been  carrying  on  in  France,  by  the  Catholics  against 
tiie  protestants,  and  lens  of  th;)usands  of  the  lattei-, 
men,  women,  and  chi!di-en,  have  been  massacred. 
Tiie  Austrians  have  interfered  to  prevent  their  ex- 
termirtatlon.  'Vac  religioTis  l.-'gitimates  actuaWy  roast- 
ed a  young  girl  alive  at  Nismes  !  O  God  !  that  such 
things  slioiiid  be  done  in  the  n..me  of  the  Saviour! — 
Wno  can  v.ccp  wlien  such  viUahis  aie  s-\vr.pt  from 
the  f-ice  of  the  earth  .''  Nothing  of  \!iis  kind  hap- 
pened under  Napoleon — his  migii-^j  genius  stilled 
even  the  rage  of  t!ie  priesihood. 

"  Perish  the  inxHiders  .'"  Tlie  following  is  from 
a  late  Ijondan  paper.  A  general  rising  of  tiie  Piast 
India  '^patriots'  would,  indeed,  be  "  a  consum- 
mation devoutly  to  ha  wLshed."  May  (Jod  give 
them  union  and  sirengtii  to  expel  the  murderous 
foreigners  that  despoil  ihcir  beautiful  country  ! 

"I'lie  statement  in  our  private  communicationb 
respecting  the  unple.'.sant  residts  of  the  war  against 
X..paul,  are  confirmed  by  the  foiiowiag  extract  of 
a  letter  from  M.aieira,  Maicii   12,  1815: — 

"  The  despaiclus  by  the  last  and  present  fleets 
arepcrliaps  of  a '(i^j-c  alarwivj   character  than  any 


284      NILES'  WEEKLY  riEGISTER— SA.T0RDA.Y,  DPXSMBERie,  iai5. 


that  liave  been  received  in  Leaclen'nall  street  for  the 
last  twenty  years.  In  Beng'al  our  armies  iuive  not 
only  been  7-epeatedly  defiated,  hat  oblig-ed  to  act  on 
the" defensive;  and  tlie  moral  elfccts  of  this  are 
7iever  to  be  removed  from  the  minds  jof  the  natives 
The  war  ag-ainst  the  br.ive  and  hardy  highianders 
of  Napaul,  has  been  undoubtedly  commenced  un- 
der aa  i^ionuice  of  their  character  and  resources, 
and  it  has  in  consequence  been  conducted  with 
inadequate  means.  The  times  are  miseiMbly  chang- 
ed, when  (as  is  tlie  fact  at  tbis  moment,)  our 
ti'oops  are  forming'  entrencliotl  camps,  witliin  tlie 
company's  ancieiit  possessions — indeed  I  fear  to  re- 
peat the  alarming'  reports  which  the  post  of  cacb 
day  bring-s  us.  On  this  side  of  India,  we  are  on 
the  eve  of  a  Muhretta  war,  the  certain  consequence 
of  a  failure  in  Napaul.  SirT.  Hislop  has  taken  the 
field,  and  is  org'anizing'  an  army  of  30,000  men  ! — 
T.he  g'ovcrnment  paper  is  at  a  heavy  discount. — 
This  is  an  unfavorable  view  of  our  situation,  but  un- 
tbrLUnately  it  is  too  ti'ue  a  one." 

Mrs.  Clarke,  having  settled  witli  her  creditors,  as 
»eported,  appeai-ed  at  Marg-ate,  seated  in  a  new  and 
remarkably  lig-bt  and  eleg'anl  barouch  landau,  drawn 
by  four  bay  blood  hordes;  in  tlie  vehicle  were  her 
two  daughters, dressed  in  all  the  paraphernalia  of 
modern  fashion  ;  out  riders  in  eleganl  liveries  com- 
pleted the  sc:  out.  [This  ladi/  was  reported  to  be 
dead.] 


Paris,  JIugiiFt  ~2. — The  ]3rint  sliops  every  where 
expo.se  for  sale,  an  elegant  copper-plaic  likeness 
«fl..:ibadoyere. 

September  14. — The  Spanish  troops  under  the 
comraandof  count  Abisbal,  v.-hich  had  advimced  to 
the  walls  of  Bayonne,  have  now  re-crossed  the  Hi- 
dasso.a,  and  gone  back  to  Spain.  Tiiis  retrog^rade 
march  has  taken  place  in  consequence  of  a  conven- 
tion made  at  Perpignan  between  tlie  duke  of  An- 
jjouleaie  snd  the  commander  of  the  Spanish  army, 
by  wiiicli  the  former  has  bound  Fr:ince  to  pay  thirlii 
miUions  to  Spain. 
Jyxtract  from  a  letter  of  the  French  minister  of  f  nance 

to  the  prefect  of  the  department  of  J.owei'  Seine.— 

"It  is  of  extreme  importance  that  the  collection 
of  the  extraordinary  levy  of  100  millions  sliouhl  bt: 
completed  by  the  precise  time,  and  even  by  antici- 
patitin  ;  inasnvach  as,  if  the  royal  treasury  sliouid  be 
deprived  of  this  resoiU'ce,  it  would  be"  painful  to 
think  of  the  lamentable  consequences  tUat  must  follow. 
The  king  tiierefore  (says  the  minister)  expects  this 
sacrrfice  fiom  the  persons  under  your  government 
demands  it  in  order  to  preserve  tliem  from  greater 
evils,  a!ul  tlieir  interest  ought  to  prompt  them  to 
compliance.  They  will  hasten,  therefore,  I  doub. 
not,  to  discharge  a  debt  so  sacred,  and  they  will  not 
reduce  you  to  employ  rigorous  measures,  even  to  tlie 
extent  of  causi/.c;-  to'be  seized  and  sold,  an  exircmit\' 
extremely  pain ;-■, 1 1,  but  whicli  must,  if  necessary,  b"e 
i-esorted  to,  su  pressing  are  tjie  circumstances,  so 
important  are  tlie  ivants  of  the  royal  treasury. 

J.      ,        -,    ,  '1'hu'oli,Ai'gust  31,  1815. 

fit^phai  Catualan,  Esq.  Consul  of  tlw  United  States 
of , America  at  .]Zarsnlks. 
Sill— On  the  6th  instant,  cominodore  Decatur 
apiK-ared  oh  'i'npoli,  with  a  squadron  of  live  sail 
ai.d  aher  tnrec  d.iys  negociation,  we  concluded 
ail  diflercnces  witli  tliis  regcucv,  bv  making  the 
bas.iaw  pay  2J,000  dollars,  the  "full"  vahie  of  tlie 
puzes  oi  ihe  Abn:llino,  tliat  were  taken  in  tlds 
port  i,y  the  Mnglisi)  brig  Paulina,  'and  obtamin.^ 
ti.?  leicase  ut  tea  sLaes;  as  a  reuiuneration  for  tlic 
V.esCi.aon  ui  Cue  privatctr,  in  this  port,  by  the  En-- 


lisli  brig,  after  I  had  demanded  twenty-four  hours 
j  start  of  her. 

The  American  colors  were  again  hoisted  on  thft 
9th  inst.  on  the  consular  house,  and  saluted  with 
twenty-one  guns  by  the  bashaw,  while  a  fidl  band 
of  music  played  the  Presidents  March  and  Tunkee 
Boodle.  We  liave  thus  obtained  ample  satisfacuoQ 
and  the  bashaw  has  been  punislied  for  his  want  of 
energy  and  firmne-is  in  supporting  his  neutral  rights, 
and  protecting  a  friendly  power  who  sought  protec. 
tion  i'.i  Ids  port. 

Commodore  Bambridge  appeared  off  Tripoli  on 
the  26th,  with  a  squadron  of  four  sail,  but  heaving 
Trom  me  of  recent  distiu-bances  at  Tunis,  immedi- 
ately sailed  for  that  place,  lie  has  move  than  twen- 
ty  sail  imder  his  commajid  in  tlie  Mediterranean, 
half  of  which  will  continue  here,  to  keep  the  bar- 
barians in  awe,  and  protect  our  commerce. 

At  Tunis  we  compelled  them  to  pay  to  the  con- 
cern of  captain  Wyer,  46,000,  dollars  for  the  twc» 
prizes  taken  from  them. 

With  sentiments  of  regard,  &c. 

(Signed)  RICH'D.  B  JONES. 

Count  liumforef.— The  late  count  Rumford,  tliough 
be  had  been  for  many  years  absent  from  Ids  wative 
comitry,  and  received  distinguished  honors  in  tlie 
service  of  foreign  powers,  always  recollected  the 
land  of  his  birth  with  affection.  A  very  strong  proof 
of  this  he  has  given  in  his  last  will,  a  copv  of  which 
vyas^  brought  out  to  this  coimtry  by  Mr.  Wm.  Craw- 
ford,  late  amb.assador  in  France.  By  this  will,  count 
Run. ford  has  made  a  donation  to  "the  Cambridge 
iiniverslty,  of  immediate  incomes  and  reversions, 
tiie  capital  of  v.iiich  it  has  been  supposed  may 
amount  to  be  tv/een  thirty  and  forty  thousand  dollars, 
The  coporation  are  taking  steps  to  secure  these  be- 
quests. The  object  of  this  gift,  as  stated  in  the  will, 
"is  to  found  a  professorship,  to  teach  by  a  regular 
course  of  lectures,  the  utility  of  the  mathematical 
and  i)hvsical  sciences,  for  t'he  melioration  of  the 
useful  arts,  and  for  the  extension  of  tiie  industry, 
the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  society." 

Sentence  of  Death  (says  a  J\''e^u  York  paper)  was 
this  morning  pronounced,  in  tlie  court  of  oyer  ajid 
terminer,  at  the  city-hall,  upon  Tnomas  Uurk,  fo» 
the  murder  of  his  wife,  and  Ishmael  Frazer  and  Ja- 
cob y anderpooi,  two  mulatto  fellows,  for  felonv  and 
arson,  in  setthig  fire  to  an  inhabited  building  at  the 
corner  of  Washington  and  Liberty-streets  in  Au- 
gust last. 

The  awfuljuJgmentof  the  court  was  pronounced 
bv  his  Jionor  judge  Piatt,  and  accompanied  by  a 
solemn  and  impressive  elucidation  of  the  enormity 
of  tlicir  crimes  and  admonition  to  the  unhappy  fe, 
ions  to  prepare  for  their  fate,  and  their  iiigher  and 
final  sentence  in  the  world  to  come.  Their  execu- 
tion is  fixed  for  the  tliird  Fri'-Ua,  the  19th  January 
next.  A  large  concourse  of  citizens,  crowded  the 
court-room  iuid  avenues  on  this  tmusual  occasion. 

British  army  bills.— We  have  e\cry  few  days  some 
new  report  about  Kritisli  army  bills  being  coiuiter-, 
felted.  AVhy  do  the  Jiritish  make  such  an  outciy 
about  tiiis  ?  Agreeably  to  British  /azcs.any  man  in  the 
Lnned  States  may  make  as  many  of  these  bills  as 
he  pxeases— they  are  not  the  ciirrent  money  of  this 
country,  and,  therefore,  all  persons  are  at  liberty  to 
manuf..ciure  them  !  !— Sucli  is  British  morality  !  The 
ilriiisli  g;)verument  arc  the  grandest  counterfeiters 
m  the  world.  Stephen  Burroivs  was  a  fjol  to  the  least 
of  them  Witness  the  ship-loads  of  "continental 
money"  and  French  assignats  ;  and  more  recently 
the  open  forgeries  of  Amciican  shipping  papers.  But 
our  laws  are  dihtrent,  and  the  forgery  of  any  thins; 
uith  a  view  to  fraud,  is  liable  to  punishment. 


WILES'  WEEKLY  REOISTEfi. 

No.   17   OP   Vol.    IX.]         BALTI.MOUE,  SATURDAY,  DECEVIIlETi  23,  1815.J.         [waoLE  ^o.  225. 


J[xc  oUm  memiiiisse  juvabit. — Vikgil. 


PRINTED   AND   TUBLTSHEn    BY    H.    ''ILJ-.s,   JTO.   29,   SOUTH   C AT.VEKT-S TIIKF.T,    AT   §5    1>KR     A.NXUir. 


(jj'Tliose  gentlemen  wlio  file  llie  WEEKLr  Re- 
rMsri;n,  will  please  to  observe  that  tiiere  is  a  lapse 
of  eig-ht  folios  between  this  number  and  the  last. — 
'l\\c  desig-n  was  to  have  published  a  supplement 
witji  the  present  number,  to  get  in,  in  rejjular  suc- 
cession, the  important  and  uscfid  tables  attached  to 
the  report  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury — but  the 
sudden  frost  having  frozen  up  a  vessel  in  tjie  Elk 
river  that  was  to  have  brought  on  a  supply  of  paper, 
whereby  the  last  number  was  kept  from  the  press 
until  Tiid.vdaif  morning,  instead  of  Issuing  at  its 
usual  time,  rendereil  it  impossible,  with  any  sort  of 
convenience  or  propriety,  to  come  up  to  the  plan. 
l$ut  the  proposed  supplement  v/ill  appear  next  week, 
so  paged  as  to  immediately  follow  the  report  and 
precede  the  present  number. 


Tlie  friends  of  the  navy  will  find  much  in  this 
number  to  interest  them.  The  list  of  the  late  ap- 
pointments in  cm-  gallant  little  army,  and  some 
other  articles  belonging  to  its  establisliment,  will 
probably  appear  in  our  next.  Several  essays,  &.c.  in 
manuscript,  and  a  multitude  of  articles  in  'print,  are 
lying  over. 

It  is  with  sincere  regret  that  the  editor  give.?  an 
opinion  that  a  supplement  of  twelve  sheets,  to  cost 
one  dollar,  will  be  necessary  for  the  present,  or  9tii 
volume  of  the  IIegisteu.  The  work  gets  in  a  vast 
fjuaniity  of  matter,*  but  the  body  of  documents  and 
tacts  tliat  late  events  at  home  and  aljroad  have  ori- 
!';iuated,  is  beyond  all  precedent,  and  sucli  dust/  times 
jnay  never  occur  again.  It  is  with  regret  he  gives 
this  opinion,  for  the  profits  reaiized^on  such  supple- 
ments to  the  5th,  7th  and  8th  volumes,  have  been 
too  small  to  indemnify  the  labor  and  expence  they 
cost.  However,  there  is  fHjoZ/ier  object  besides  that 
of  making  a  living  for  his  f;imily,  that  abcost  as 
])owerruliy  influences  the  proprietor  of  this  work; 
which  is,  to  furnish  a  mass  of  matter  so  great  and  so 
various  as  to  suit  every  taste,  and  meet  every  re- 
scarcii  ilir  important  papers  and  facts,  foreign  and 
domestic;  to  accom]-)lIsh  this,  he  would  fi-eclv  make 
considerable  sacrifices  of  time  and  money.  The 
"Weekly  Reoistkh  is  his  "hobby,"  and  whatever 
adds  to  its  value,  adds  to  his  happiness.  This  will 
be  believed  when  the  trutii  is  stated,  that,  indepen- 
dent of  tlie  additional  labor  lie  has  imposed  upon 
himself  in  the  last  four  years  by  the  publication  of 
q-ratziitoas  aupplemriiis,  that  tliese  .supplements  have 
cost  him  iii  c(/.v/,,  not  less  tlian  ^2,200.  And  they 
would  have  been  more  numerous,  if  the  want  of 
means  has  not  always  been  in  violent  hostility  witii 
the  will  to  give  them.  U  it  should  be  resolved  to 
publish  t'ns  heavy  supplement  (which  it  is  sincere- 
ly Imped  will  be  the  last  of  the  kind  tljat  may  be 
recpiired)  due  notice  shall  be  given  of  it.  It  is"  ex- 
pected, among  otlier  things,  to  contain  the  laws 
passed  at  the  present  session  of  congress. 


*The  copy  of  tlie  report  of  the  secretary  of  the 

treasury  cost  the  editor  one  dillar.  The  sumo  mat- 
ter will  cost  tlie  patrons  of  this  paper  less  than  ten 
cents. 

VOL.  IX 


Letter  from  Buenos- A.y res. 

ISiienos-'Jifres,  26lh  Sept.  1815. 

"To    II,  XlLES, 

SIR— You  will  be  surprised  at  being 
addressed  by  a  stranger  to  you,  from  this  place;  but 
a  i'c\y  numbers  of  your  very  interesting  Rkkister 
having  reached  this  city,  their  contents  have  just- 
ly excited  my  curiosity  for  the  subsequent  publica- 
tions. Moreover,  I  perceive  with  pleasure,  yet 
mingled  with  no  small  regret,  that  you  are  the  only 
American  editor  wlio  has  deemed  the  important, 
changes  operating  in  this  country  worthy  a  marketl 
attention.'  Surely,  the  fate  of  so'many  mdlions  en- 
deavoring to  escape  tlie  m-anny  of  so  bigotted  a 
mon.arch  as  Ferdinand,  cannot  be  indlfTercnt  to  the 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  who  reflect  on  what 
they  were  and  duly  esteem  the  rank  they  now  fill 
in  the  world  as  a  nation.  Surely,  they  cannot  long 
remain  passive  obsei-vcrs  of  the  efforts  made  by 
this  hitherto  terribly  oppressed  pop'ilation,  to  ob- 
tain liberty  and  independence.  Surely,  tliey  must 
sympathise  v.ith  us  in  all  our  exertions  for  freedom* 
Please  to  send,"  Sec. 

Your  obedient  sen"ant, 


Accompanying  tins  letter  was  a  file  of  the  Bm^ 
iios-.li/res  G-uzetie  down  to  tlic  26th  of  September, 
But  it  contained  notiihig  Important  or  interesting, 
further  than  is  noticed  in  the  "Cliror.icle." 

(Xj-'Some  general  remai-ks  on  the  proceeding,  are 
necessarily  deferred.  An  essay  ou  the  affairs  of 
j\rex!co  and  Smith  America,  of  considerable  length, 
has  long  been  nearly  prcpiired  for  tiie  press,  and 
shall  Jje  introduced  on  some  other  suitable  opportu- 
nit)',  wlien  we  are  less  pressed  for  room.  The  edi- 
tor, however,  feels  it  an  .ict  of  justice  to  decline  tiie 
compliment  that  he  !•*  tiie  "only"  one  interested  in. 
the  fate  of  lii.';  republican  brethren  of  Soutli  Ameri- 
ca. There  are  several  w!io  regard  their  stru.ggles 
with  deepest  solicitude — and  thousands  of  oui- citi- 
zens who  regret  that  tlie  world  is  so  circumstanc- 
ed at  present,  as  to  make  it  imprudent  and  impro- 
per lov  us  to  g'ive  that  open  and  honest  aid,  whjch 
political  feeling  and  commercial  interest  so  power- 
fully plead  for.  If  we  had  only  to  do  \\  ith  Spain — ■ 
if  the  state  of  society  was  settled — v/hy,  we  might 
do  tliincrs  ten  thousand  times  more  iniTiortant  o  the 
United  States,  tlian  all  that  we  sa/r/ about  the  "Span- 
ish patriots,  &c."  opposing  Tionaparte  and  allied  to 
Enghuid,  to  put  a  thing  like  Ferdinand  upon  the 
throne,  and  unite  Vvi'Ji  his  crimes  the  infevnalisms o? 
tlie  "Holy  Inquisition." 

I^ettcr  from  England. 

The  following  plain  .and  simple  letter  fiom  a  we(j- 
ver  resident  at  Hollmi,  in  England,  has  been 
liandetlto  me  fijr  my  jierusai.  But  it  so  point- 
edly shews  the  situation  of  that  coimtry,  tliat  I 
liave  thought  it  might  serve  a  useful  purpose  to 
publisK  it  It  appears  to  be  an  unsophisticated 
story  of  a  poor,  but  honest  man  ;  and  shews  a 
vigor  of  intellect  higlily  honorable  to  the  writer. 
Except  in  tiie  correciion  of  tlie  orthography  and 
punctuation,  1  give  it  as  it  is  in  the  «»rig-inal  btf-v 
lore  me.  "^ 

V 


2^(5     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMRER  23,  1815. 


BOLTOX,  SEPT.   14,  1815. 

"  tygar  Friend— 1  make  bold  to  uddress  you,  liop- 
i!i<C  }ot!  :uid  vdui-  family  are  well,  as  I  am  at  prc- 
iiCiit,  tha.ik  fiod  for  the  bles.siiis^,  asliealtli  is  the  on- 
ly comfort  v/e  can  expect  in  the  present  circumstan- 
ces of  Old  England.  Indeed,  peace  seems  to  be  the 
deadi-hlow  to  ovir  manufactures.  While  the  war 
seeined  mostdestructivei  60  reeds  were  at  28s.  at 
pre:-ent  they  arc  at  13'-.  Taney  work  is  ver}-  dull. 
I  believe  a  man  out  of  work  would  find  it  difficult, 
if  not  impossible,  to  )n-ocure  any  at  this  time.  The 
prospect  at  present  is  that  we  shall  have  a  worse 
winter  than  cvei-.  One  c;iuse  is  our  execrable  corn 
Icnuo'.  ■'.A'c  arc  told  that  there  would  h.ave  been  a 
i>Teatcr  S'de  of  our  manufactures  to  America  if  their 
flcur  and  rice  were  admilled.  It  is  reported  that 
many  thousand  barrels  are  spoiling-  in  tlie  ware- 
liouses  at  I-ivcrpool.  Another  cause  is  tiie  failure 
ofsor.ie  g-reat  houses  in  London — the  cotton  man\t- 
facturevs  ;u'c  mucli  involved  with  t!»em.  All  par- 
ties think  trad.e  is  entirely  run  out,  and  v.e  are  a- 
larnied  at  the  consequences.  Had  you  been  at 
IJnlton  wlicn  the  decrees  of  Bonaparte  and  the  A- 
merican  embart^^o  were  in  force,  you  mityht  have 
seen  numbers  c'lrespectulih  /wvufholders  whu  •.vcrc  en- 
rolled ivllh  the  pavpirs,  ^faitinq-  daily  fi-um  mumii'g 
till  long'  cf:er  svh-set  for  -weelca  toqcther  [Jlr  a  pit- 
tmuf  uf  food.]  It  is  impossible  to  describe  the 
shlf.s  and  distresses  oftlie  overseers  [of  the  poor] 
and  tlie  ur.hajjpy  aj^plicants  at  that  period.  Still 
tjiere  Vv'as  ho])'.'  that  a  turn  in  the  fortune  of  war, 
a,  chang-e  of  the  ministry,  or,  at  least,  that  [^eace 
would  some  time  arrive  aixl  put  an  end  to  our  mi- 
sery, und  trade  ana  commerce  floiirisii.  Alas  !  how 
are  we  disajipointed — our  manufactures  cannot 
tlcurish  without  war  ! — We  cannot  trade  Mith  fo- 
rcig-n  nations  in  equal  tenns  throug^h  the  peace.  Fa 
G.hort,  it  ii  ih'A'Th:  government  cannot  exist  two  years 
in  peace.  V/av  is  essential  to  the  funding- system — 
our  debt  is  eleve.'i  hundred  millions,  and  the  inter- 
est cannot  be  paid  v.ithout  war.  Dear  friend,  the 
prospect  for  the  indust.-ious  artizan  or  manufacturer 
is  dismal.  I  shall  be  oblig-ed  to  you  if  you  will  in- 
form me  of  the  state  of  the  coimtry,  particularly 
with  reg-ard  to  manufactures,  ike.      '  '  \ 

Oiu-  press  is  under  restricdon.  Give  no  accoimt 
of  the  battle  of  Baltimore.  Niles'  Itr.cjsTEn  is 
much  re;\d  wlien  it  finds  its  way.  You  could 
send  on  a  parcel  to  be  sentby  the  coach.  Sic.  should 
an  acquidntance  come  to  Liverpool,  &c. 

To  Ala. ,  Baltimore. 

tLj^Li  the  preceding-  the  reader  will  observe  a 
confirmation  of  many  facts  that  have  been  enforced 
iu  this  paper,  especially  in  reg-ard  to  the  situation  of 
England  on  -a  peace  establishment,  as  stated  in  the 
editor's  letter  to  Mr.  Cobbett. 


the  United  Slates,  have  thought  propc"  to  issue  my 
proclamation,  commanding-  ar.d  stricviy  enjoining- 
all  persons  wlio  have  unlavvfidly  taken  possession 
of,  or  made  anv  settlement  on  the  pi.blic  lands  as 
aforesaid,  forthwith  to  remove  thei-'fom  :  and  I 
do  hereby  further  command  -md  enjoin  the  marshal, 
or  office;-  HCtinr^  as  marshal,  in  any  stale  or  tcirltory 
where  such  pusse-^ion  shall  have  been  taken,  oi' 
settlement  made,  to  remove,  from  and  .:f.ier  the  tenth 
day  of  March,  one  thousnnd  eig-ht  hundred  L-.nd  six- 
teen,  all  or  any  of  the  said  imlawful  occup:.nts  ;  and 
to  effect  the  said  service,  I  do  hereby  autiiorise  the 
employment  of  such  m.ilitary  force  as  may  become 
necess.iry,  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  the  act 
of  Congress  aforesaid,  warning-  the  offenders,  more- 
over, that  they  will  be  prosecuted  in  all  such  other  . 
ways  as  the  law  directs. 

In  tastimony  whereof,  I  have  caused  the  seal 
of  the  United  States  of  America  to  be  af- 
fixed to  these  presents,  and  signed  the 
same  with  my  hand.  Done  at  the  City  of 
Washington  the  twelfth  day  of  December^ 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  said  United  States  of  A- 
merica,  the  fortieth. 

JAMES  MADISOX. 
Ev  the  President, 

JAMliS  MONROE,  Secretary  of  State. 


(L.  s.) 


Naval  Report. 

Peport  nf  the   Secrctari/  of  the  navif   to  the   Senate 

relative  to  the  gradual  and  permanent  increase  of 

the  ndvi/ 

The  importance  of  a  permanent  naval  establish- 
ment appears  to  be  sanctioned  by  the  voice  of  the 
nation;  and,  I  have  a  satisftction  in  stating-  that  the 
means  of  its  gradual  increase  are  completely  within 
the  reach  of  our  national  resources,  independently 
of  any  foreign  country.  The  materials  for  building' 
and  equipping  ships  of  war  are  all  at  command. 
Steps  have  been  taken  to  ascertain  the  best  growth 
.^nd  quantities  of  timber  for  naval  construction, 
preparatory  to  contracts  and  purchases.  The  want 
of  a  mould  loft  for  the  naval  constructor,  to  lay  out , 
the  moulds  by  which  the  timber  is  to  be  cut  and 
shaped,  previously  to  transportation,  has  delayed 
the  completion  of  arrangements  for  an  adequate 
.supply.  A  Ijuildling  1ms  been  erected  at  the  navy 
yard  in  th.is  city,  for  that  purpose,  and  will  soon  be 
finished,  when  "the  business  will  progress. 

Cannon  fomideries,  manufactories  of  sheet  copper, 
cordage,  canvas,  and  the  mechanical  branches,  are 
in  a  state  to  furnish  the  several  supplies  which  may 
be  required. 

The  commerce  of  the  United  States,  increasing- 

v,ith  t!ie  resources  and  population  of  the  country, 

£1/ the  President  of  the    United   States  of  Ainerica.\\\i\\  require  a  commensurate   protection,    wiiich  a  • 

^  A  PROCLAMATION.  !navy  alone  can  afford;  and  the  experience  derived 

Whehuas,  It  has   been    represented,   that    nianv  |  from  the  active  and  vigorous  employment  of  a /z;)wV(,'rf 

ujxinformetl  o:-  evil  disposed    persons   have   tidvcii  J  ?jatv/,  during  the  period  of  the  late  war,   has  de- 


posaesslon  of,  or  made  a  settlement    on  the  public 

lands  of  tiic  United  States,    whicli   have  not   been 

previo-asiy    sold,  ceded,    or  leased   by  the  United 

'   t(=-s.  or  the  claim  to  which  lands,    by  such  per- 

not  been  previously  recognized  and  con- 

■    e  United  States  ;  whicii  ])osse«.sion  or 

;s,  liy  tlie  act  of  Congress  passed  on  the 

■"  M:.rch,  one   thousand    eight    hundred 

T.presoly  pioliibited  ;  and  whereas  the 

•  •on  of  the  said  act  of  Congress,  as  well 

uei-ti  invere-.t,  require  that  such  illegal 

-UO'dd  be  promptly  repressed  : 

•  aBiWifojuj,  Ij  J  ASSES  iVi.^rsojr,  President  »f 


monstnited  its  efficient  utility. 

I  do,  therefore,  with  confidence,  recommend  an 
annual  increase  of  our  navy,  of  one  ship  of  the  rate 
of  74  guns;  two  frigates  of  the  first  cluss,  rated 
at  44  guns;  and  two  sloops  of  war,  whicli  can  be 
built  with  the  surplusage  of  smaller  timber,  and 
with  a  great  saving  in  that  material. 

The  act  to  increase  the  navy,  passed  January  2d, 
1813,  autl'.orized  the  building  of"  four  ships,  to  rate 
not  less  tlian  74  guns;  and  si::  frigates,  to  rate  44 
guns,  each."  This  act  has  been  partly  carried  into 
effect,  by  building  three  ships  of  the  rate  of  74  guns, 
an-d  t*iree  frigateii  oiA\  gims,  iu  the  Atlantic  porti^;- 


NiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 


m: 


%k«t  residue  of  the  appropriation,  undeir  that  aet, 
\vas  applied  to  the  building'  of  large  shipis  and  fri- 
gates upon  lake  Ontario. 

'I'l'ie  concentration  of  our  na\\v  in  one  or  two  of 
the  principal  ports  of  the  United  Slates,  where  the 
depth  of  watei'  is  suflicieut  for  the  convenient  in- 
gTess  and  egreys  of  the  larg-er  vessels,  will  neces- 
sarily lead  to  tlie  enlarg-cment  of  the  navy  yards  at 
£uch  places,  witli  docks  for  rep;i!rs  and  the  collec- 
tion of  all  important  mriterials,  for  the  .'irnnment 
and  equipments  of  tlic  dirterent  classes  of  vessels, 
in  order  to  [jring  tliem  into  active  service,  upon 
any  emertjency,  with  the  advantig'e  of  combined 
force. 

A  g-eneral  system  for  the  gradual  and  permiment 
Jhcrease  of  the  navy,  combinin^^  all  the  various 
objects  connected  with  an  enlar;^e<l  naval  establish- 
ment, sucli  as  buihli.ng-  docks,  and  extending-  the 
accommodations  of  navy  yai'ds  and  arsenals  of  gene- 
ral deposit,  will  from  the  subject  of  a  more  ex- 
tensive report,  to  be  hiid  before  cyngress  during 
tlie  present  session. 


I  ag-ree  with  the  "Naval  officer"  however,  that  sucH 
an  act  ought  never  to  have  been  ])assed.     !t  had  ita 
origin,  I  conceive,  in  the  report  made  last  session, 
which  recommended  to  congress  to  retain  the  secret 
tary's  otfice,  under  \t'hor;e  management  ournavv  had 
acquired  such  distinction.     IJtittlie  view  presented 
in  that  repoi-t  was  a  verv  imperfect  one.     The  in.i 
dividual  bravery  of  oiu*  officers  and  men  shone  With 
gi-eat  brilliancy,  no  doubt;  but,  what  has  that  to  do 
with  the  secretary's  management  of  tl^e  wliole  de 
partment.i'     If  Decatur  to')k   the   Maccdoninn.  and 
Jones  theFrolick;  if  Porter  defended  lii'iise!?"  witl- 
1   bravery  never  surpassed;  if  Perry  jind    Maclo 
nougii  annihihited  tiic  enemy  on  the  lakes;  are  thesg 
reasons  why  the  secretary's  ollice  is  iidispensable 
to  the  good  m.tnagemeni  of  the  navv?     Let  m  look 
further.     I  ask  in  my  tuni,  wliat  improvenients  diat 
office   has  ever  yet  made    in    our  slu ps  of  .vir,    in 
equippmg  them,  in  litting  tiicm  with  dispatch  for 
sea,  in  milking  regulations,  ensuring  economy  in 
purchases  and  expenditures,  in  eajoiiing  an  jccoun- 
tability  for   it-.Tes,    and  above  all,  i.i    establisliing 
dockyards  up  .i.  an  efficient  system.^     I  ask   wlieie 
is  the  dockyar  !  ordered  to  be  built?  where  the  other* 
74  ruid  ibur  fiig-cc s  autliorised  by  acts  of  congress.' 
\Viiere  the  collections  of  timber  f.jrwliic'i  repeated 
appropriations  ha'e  been  made?     Where  the  asvlum 
for  disabled  and  d^crepid  navy  officers,  seamen  and 
marines?     How  is   it,  that  our  xc-  sels    remain   f()i' 
monliis  in  port   from    in.ibility  to  repair   and   refit 
them  wit!i   dispatch?     Tiiesc  questions  are   in  the 
natui-e  of  f^iCts  wiiich  caimot  be  controverted  b\-  any 
ingenuity  whatever,  and  I  t'.iink  the  conclusio,i  from 
them  is  plain — t;<at  tlie  secretary's  of^ce  ever  since 
its  estabii-shment  ia  .ipril,  1798,  never  lias  j^osscss- 
etl  the  infjrm.ttion  ncreio;.t-y  to  conduct  v/ith  judg* 
mcnt  the  aflaii's  of  tiie  navy.     Indeed^  if  aiiv  fur-* 
tlier  proof  of  tliis  were  nee.:  s    y,  it  may  be  draw;i 
fi'om  the  act  itself  establisliing   the  navy   Ijoaril^ 
wiiich  is  plainly   an   attempt  to    bring  into   publie 
service,    in   aid  of  the  secretary's   knowled;;c,  all 
that  could  be  drawn  from  the  evpericnce  of  profes-' 
sional  men    likewise.     In    expressing   this  opinion, 
and  presenting  these  facts,  I  di>ciaim    utterly  any 
view  to  disparage  the  abilities  cf  :aiy  of  the  gen< 
tlemen  who  liave  been  at  the  head  of  the  depart- 
ment.    Tlie   error  lias    been  in  continuing  the  se» 
cretary's  office  as  proper  for   the    m.inagenieiit  of' 
the  navv  on  its  present  extent,  because  it  was  su-f* 
ficient  at  its  commencement;  and  nut   discerning, 
diat  when  new  modelled,  the  system  should  have 
been  adapted  to  its    existing  state    and   future  iri-' 
crease. 

It  will  be  seen,  then,  tJiat  I  disagree  With  "tlie  nav.-il 
officer"  in  his  construction  of  the  powers  of  thi3 
board  of  commi.isionersy  but  that  I  ag-ree  with  liiiii 
in  the  opinion,  that  tiie  secretary's  oiiice  is  unne^ 
cessarv.  Nothing  farther  need  be  said  to  'Juit  point 
than  what  he  has  iiiniself  exposed  vicll  lo  the  pub-- 
V'c.  Bat,  as  he  seems  to  be  apprehensiv*:  that  tni^ 
office  may  be  coniiuuCil  witli  the  same  pov/ers  iti 
now  holds,  he  apjiears  willing  to  compromise  in  thtJ 
4th  p:iragrap!i  of  his  1st  letter,  by  "taking  to  thd 
board  the  perfoi'm.ance  of  ministerial  duties  expi'ess-' 
ly  designated  by  the  act,  and  ahandoiiing-io  ihti 
s"ecret;u-y  those  stated  in  a  general  way,  or  derived 
bv  inference."  To  this  suggestion  I  will,  howevci-jj 
remark,  that  in  such  case  tncre  will  exist  iinberiuD^- 


The  Navy, 

-Three  essays,  over  the  sign;\tiue  of  a  "Navy  ,Vdvo- 

cate,"  were  addressed  to  tlie   editors,  and  have 

appeared  in  the  New- York   Cohvmhian.     As  they 

parricidiu-ly  apply  to   subjects  'viiich   have   been 

discussed  in  the  )lK<;isTEn,  the  autlior  has  correct- 
ed them,    and   requested  their  hisertion  by  us. 

(-ientlemen — Some  lale  letters  published  in  Niles' 
Vf'eckly  Itegister,  upon  the  subject  of  a  navy,  and 
headed  "from  a  naval  olHeer,"  derive  so  much  im- 
Jxirtance  from  the  general  interest  taken  in  that  por- 
tion of  our  national  strength,  that  I  am  led  to  request 
the  favor  of  a  ^(^-^  cohimns  in  yoiu-  paper,  in  reply 
to  some  observations  of  the  writer.  I  woiild  pre- 
mise however,  that  I  do  not  wish  to  be  considered 
as  desirous  to  provoke  controversy.  My  aim  is,  to 
obtain  a  thorough  enquiry,  and  by  putting  facts 
against  theory,  and  experience  ag-airi.st  speculation, 
givo  to  the  subject  a  liberal  examination. 

In  letter  1st,  we  have  the  writer's  ideas  as  to  the 
powers  of  the  board  and  their  collision  with  the 
duties  of  the  secretary,  liut  when,  in  his  remarks, 
lie  lays  claiiV.  to  an  independence  from  the  control  of 
the  secretary,  he  runs  into  an  error  in  the  face  of 
the  law.  Tlie  first  section  of  the  act  of  congi-ess 
expressly  attaches  the  board  to  the  ofMce  of  the  se- 
cretary, and  gives  him  a  superintendance  over  it,  and 
it  is  under  sucii  superintendance  only,  that  tlie  board 
can  discharge  the  ministerial  duties  of  their  office 
If  ih  ere  be,  til  en,  any  mem  ing  at  -dl  in  this  expres- 
sion,  in  its  lowest  /.nse  it  ^uist  l>e,  tha;  the  boai-d 
is  an  appendage  to  the  office  of  the  secretary,  and 
iliatall  its  acts  must  pass  his  revision.  For  what 
does  the  term  superinteiuhince  mean?  Is  it  that  the 
board  sliould  barely  tell  the  secretary  wliat  tliey 
have  done  or  what  they  intend  to  do?— or,  that  thev 
should  merely  put  their  official  letters  into  his  hands 
to  look  at?  No  such  tiling-.  Its  plain  meanhig-  is — 
eontvol — a  pnver  of  approving-  or  rejecting.  Rut  the 
language  of  tlie  law  is  sti-onger  still,  and  more  ex- 
plicit in  sec.  2,  whicii  declares  tliat  tlie  rules  and 
regulations  to  be  formed  by  the  board  can  only  be 
adopted  "by  and  wllii  tiie  consent  of  the  sccretarv." 
If  he  does  not  approve  of  tliem,  tliey  are  not  rules. 

I  can;iot  well  conceive  how  terms"  stronger  th.ui!:/f  i;iiperio,  aud  that  a  designation  of  duties  admit- 
these,  could  have  been  used  to  siiow  that  the  board  ted  by  one  secretary,  wiil  not  bind  iiis  successor,  i|| 
is  subordinate  to  the  secretary,  and  if,  indeed,  a  I  lie  please  to  construe  the  law  differently.  Nor  is" 
different  construction  has  obtained,  it  is  most  uude-  it  possible  tliat  any  act  to  be  p.is^ed  upon  tlie  sub|' 
Hiably  contrary  to  tiie  plain  Icttef  of  the  uct  as  it  ject,  c:in  draw  uie  line,  by  wiiicn  duties  branchiiuj' 
.'.now  stands-.    *  iorit^ritw  ^rlrat  n;i"*i!t  alniTit  bo- csSt-sd  fl^fts-«t??  i''^'^ 


2g8   I>IILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815. 


tiie  nature  of  the  service,  and  respecting  whicli  in 
theprog-ress  of  the  establishment,  new  explanations 
Would  daily  be  necessary,  can  be  apportioned  to 
two  such  ciepartments  independent  and  distinct, 
it  is  an  easy  matter,  I  know,  to  say  on  paper,  that 
thus  and  thus  shall  the  duties  be  apportioned;  and 
the  presidc\it  of  the  U.  States  liimself  mny  sanction 
such  an  ari'ang'ement,  described  under  a  few  gene- 
ral hciids;  not\>ithstAnding,  tlie  details  of  business 
to  be  comprehended  under  such  an  arrangement, 
mttst  be  ne:u-ly  as  undefined  as  ever.  For,  suppose 
the  boai'd  have  the  power  to  make  all  coiUracts  for 
supplicf3,  and  give  all  orders  for  repairs,  will  this 
give  them  a  right  to  expend  tiie  money  voted  for 
the  navy,  when  the  secretaiy  only  is  account;. hie  for 
it  to  congress?  If  the  board  liave  the  pov/er  to  or- 
der ccrtahi  store;*  to  be  sold,  will  they  direct  under 
what  ap])ropriation  the  money  received  therefor  is 
to  be  cxpcntled''  Shall  the  board  have  tiie  power 
to  fix  the  establishments  of  officers  and  men  for 
ii\e  dock  yards?  If  so,  who  shall  fix  tlie  salaries? 
AVho  shall  give  orders  relating  to  the  mai'ine  corps? 
Who  give  direction  for  remittances  of  money  at 
home  or  abroad?  A  very  cursory  view  of  this  ]}art 
of  the  subject  must  shew  to  any  one,  fn.at  one  de- 
partment must  finail',  merge  in  the  other. 

Difficulties  thus  originating  from  a  vain  attempt 
to  make  two  departments  act  together,  when  it  is 
ill  the  nature  of  impossibility  to  define  their  duties, 
or  the  details  of  business  arising  out  of  vliem,  will 
be  coiitiniially  recurring.  The  only  mode  by  v/l:ich, 
in  my  jndg-ment,  li;ey  can  he  avoided,  is,  by  ^boii.sh- 
ing  U.e  orfice  of  secrettu-v,  devolving  its  duties  up- 
on the  navy  board,  and  adding  another  mensber  to 
it  as  its  president,  to  be  desigr.ated  as  such  by  the 
pr6.«ident  of  the  United  States,  who  should  take  iiis 
seat  in  the  cabinet,  and  who  should  sign  ail  orders, 
commi.sji(jiis  and  wan-ants,  as  the  secretary  now 
does.  Unless  some  plan  like  this  be  adopted,  it  is 
difficult  to  see,  how  present  embarrassments  or  in- 
creasing colii.^ion  oanbe  prevented.  Even  if  a  pos- 
sibility of  this  nature  exist,  it  is  at  once  a  sufficient 
reason  to  change  tiie  present  system;  otiierw  ise,  hi 
a  moment  of  danger,  of  pressure,  or  of  necessity 
for  tiie  most  vlgoious  exertion,  every  elibrt  at  the 
board  may  be  paralyzed  at  the  will  of  the  secretary, 
■who  may  withhold  the  necessary  fimds,  or  judge 
the  measures  adojJted  inexpedient,  or  i*efuse  alto- 
gttl^er  his  consent  to  regulations  prupo.ied.  liow 
■tloes  all  tills  comport  with  exjiediency?  Certaialy 
not  a\  all.  jfor  if  there  are  axioms  in  military 
scicvice,  some  of  them  are — that  tiie  power  to  is- 
sue orders  sltould  belong  to  one  superior  only;— that 
vhocvei-  lias  the  right  to  give  oithrs,  sluuiid  have 
the  means  to  carry  them  into  ef.ect,  and  to  carr} 
them  into  effect  in  a  moment. 

A  NAVY  ADVOCATE. 


Ti!E  XA^  Y— No.   IJ. 

The  "Xaval  Oiiicer"  inliis  2d  letter,  devotes  his 
whole  attention    to   the    navy -yards,  and   begins  it 
c 


besides  supplies  furnished  to  other  vessels.  Tv 
tins  should  be  added  the  v,  hole  of  the  lake  service, 
together  with  the  ^-eneral  details  of  duty  which  are 
daily  occurring.  All  this  has  been  done  with  an 
establishment  of  officers  whose  pay  has  not  reached 
one-half  of  the  amotmt  stated  to  liave  been  expend- 
ed at  the  yard  at  Norfolk.  I  admit  very  willing- 
ly that  this  may  be  owing  to  the  intelligence  and 
activity  of  the  "officer  in  command,  which  the  naval 
officer"  allows  may  affect  the  degree  of  utility  of  the 
vards  :  but  such  admission  only  proves  the  neces- 
sity on  the  part  of  the  Board  to  make  this  general; 
and  the  same  result  will  be  obtained  every  where. 
Ikit  if,  as  the  naval  officer  says,  the  yard  at  New- 
York  has  been  more  expensive  than  tliat  at  Norfolk, 
I  answer  that  his  error  consists  in  applying  to  it  the 
pay  of  the  officers  belonging  to  tlie  line  of  the  navy 
wlio  are  ordered  to  report  tliemselves  to  the  com- 
niMidingofficer  of  the  yard,  acting  as  commanding- 
offirer  of  the  ?,t:\tion,  in  order  tlmt  they  may  receiye 
full  pty.  It  is  well  known,  however,  "that  their  pay 
is  given  from  the  u.stial  appropriation  of  "  pay  of 
the  navy,"  is  extraneous  to  the  navy -yard  establish- 
ments altogether,  and  that  such  officers  are  in  no- 
wise necessary  to  them.  If  such  indulgence  is,  how- 
ever, accorded,  to  merltoriotis  officers,  because  there 
is  no  invalid  est..biishment,  be  it  so,  by  all  means. 
l?ut  if  bad  officers,  as  is  stated,  are  more  favored 
in  that  respect,  be  the  blame  where  it  ought ;  in 
either  case  the  argument  proves  nothing  against 
the  yards. 

I  admit  with  the  «  Naval  Officer"  that  the  yards 
at  Portsmouth,  N.II.  and  at  Boston,  j)ossess  a  siif- 
iicient  depth  of  water  for  large  vessels;  and  respect- 
ing those  at  Vv'ashington  and  Philadelphia,  I  do 
not  care  to  controver.  his  opinion  so  far  as  it  is  intend- 
ed to  apply  against  making  them  yards  for  fitting, 
not  building  vessels  of  war.  As  he  has  admitted 
tliat  the  one  at  Washington  will  answer  for  that 
purpose,  so,  no  doubt,  will  the  one  at  Philadelphia 
also.  Nor  will  I  waste  time  on  his  remarks  re- 
specting that  at  Norfolk,  as  he  has  given  an  opinion 
in  favor  of  one  at  York  :  But  1  hold  his  recom- 
mendation to  abiimlon  the  yards  at  Portsmcouth, 
New- York  and  New  Orleans,  to  be  extremely  inju- 
diciotis,  and  not  founded  upon  a  view  of  the  line 
of  Ota-  coast,  nor  that  foresiglit  of  those  emergen- 
cies continually  incident  to  a  state  of  Mar,  and 
against  wiiicit  timely  provision  ought  to  be  made. 
If  the  reader  will  cast  his  eye  upon  tlie  chart  of 
our  coast,  he  will  find  the.  following  distances, 
ship's  course  : 

froui  our  Eastern  boundary  line  to  miles 

Portsmouth,  N.  H.  310 

From  Portsmouth  to  Boston  54 

From  Boston  to  Newport  245 

From  Newport  to  New-York  230 

From  New  York  to  York  River  260 

From  York  River  to  New  Orleans  1260 

xVccording  to  the  naval  officer's  ideas,  we  are  to 
have  one  dock  y  ird  at  Boston,  one  at  Newport,  and 
a  third  at  York  Jiiver.     The  distance    from  Boston 


with  v.-h;it    he   calls  an   und eniabie  proposition.- 

"That  considering  the  present  state    of  our  navy,!  to  Newport   is  245  miles,    and  from  Newport  to 

ofal!  K.e  yards  at  this  time  belonging  to  the    d'e-  York  River  490. 


partU'.Mi,  none  are  of  real  use  but  tlie  one  at  Bos- 
ton." As  tb.is  is  an  expensive  con^plimcnt  if  it  is  in- 
tended by  way  of  relative  utility,  1  beg  leave  to  re- 
piy  in  answer  to  its  applioatic)n  to  New  York,  that 
dmmg  tije_\ear  1815  alone,  there  has  been  eqnip- 
pcd.  repaired,  and  sent  to  sea  fi-om  that  yard 

4  frigates. 

5  Inigs, 

1   corvette, 
;   .     ._  5  scliooner.-,  and  2  store  sjiips. 


Suppose  then  that  we  are  at  war, 
and  balancing  with  a  less  disparity  of  force^  than 
heretofore,  tl'c  scales  of  victory.  Tlie  West  Indies 
would  probably  be  the  theatre  for  deciding"  tiie 
conflict,  as  tlie  most  vulnerable  point  of  our  ene- 
my. Or,  if  we  are  tlie  weaker  party,  he  will  come 
in  seju'ch  of  iis,  and  either  attempt  to  block  us  up 
as  heretofore,  or  keeping  his  fieet  in  a  body,  endea- 
vor to  intercept  our  return.  Should  an  action  take 
place  in  the  latitude  of  (Jiarleston,  or  further 
'.outh,  o}'  between  the  Ccpes  of  ^'irguii^  and  New- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 


289 


J?ort,  anrl  some  of  our  ships  are  disma^^ed  and  crip-   cos'-i,  the  enemy  were  in  tmdisputed  command  of 
pled,  if  the  enemy  gain  any    idvantage  at  all  in  the  I  Luke  Ontario.     Thev  then  had  afloat  one  shi')  of  100 


action,  the  distance  he  would  have  to  foHow  us 
would  be  so  great,  and  his  knowledge  of  t'ne  few 
points  wliere  our  vessels  could  be  rep;iired,  so  per- 
fect, thai;  it  would  be  almost  a  miracle  if  we  escap- 
ed falling  into  his  liauds.       But  if  to  do    tliis,    oar 


guns,  and  the  keel  of  :mother  laid.  Xotwiliistand- 
ingthis  .advantage,  notwithstanding  the  lateness  of 
the  season  when  our  government  determined  ag.iin 
to  contest  the  command  of  that  Lake,  notwitlistand- 
ing  the  eai-ly  closure  of  the  Nortli  Uiver  by  the  ice 


vessels  siiould  run  into  poi'ts  where    immedi.ite  re-|and    not-vithstanding  tlie   number    and   variety  of 
pairs  could  not    be  made,    and   .supplies   of  spars,  j  obstacles  which  lay  in  tlie  way  to  defeat  or    extend 


guns,  shot,  gun-carriages,  Sec.  immediately  sup- 
]ilied,  the  effect  upon  us  would  be  nearly  the  same 
as  the  loss  ofa  battle.  Or,  if  our  Heet,  or  singde 
ships  on  their  return  home,  nntl  Boston  blockaded, 
they  must  bear  away  for  Newport  ;  if  iVewp.n'tbe 
blockaded,  they  must  bear  away  for  York,  430  miles 
distant,  be  their  condition  wliat  it  may.  Iftliey 
then  find  the  enemy  safely  moored  in  ?f;impton 
Roads,  they  must  again  attempt  Boston  or  New- 
port, wiierethe  same  ill  fortune  may  again  attend 
them;  for,  according  to  t!ie  Naval  O'Tlcer's  plan, 
there  are  to  be  no  oiher  ports  wliere  they  couM  be 


o\u-  operatioiis,  yet,  when  the  news  of  peace  readied 
S.icket's  Harbour  the  middle  of  February,  we  were 
pt-eparing  to  launcli  our  fiist  ship  of  the  line,  wliicli 
would  have  been  perfectly  ready  for  sea  as  soon  as 
the  ice  broke  up;  a  second  would  have  been  ready 
in  June  ;  a  third  in  September;  and  a  fourth  in 
[November,  h.ad  it  become  necesaarw  If  I  am  here 
told  tliat  all  tins  wo'dd  have  been  done  without 
a  navy  yard  at  New- York,  or  as  well  from  New- 
port, I  deny  both  assertions.  A  navy  yard  is  t'.ie 
depot  of  all  kinds  of  stores,  and  badly  regulated  as 
ihe  one  at  ?s'c\v-York  has  always  been,  it  supplied 


repaired  or  re-equipped.  Now,  in  circumstances  {at  that  important  moment  many  stores  wlilch  re- 
like  these,  if  Portsniouth  and  New  York  be  retain-  quired  time  to  pr.tcure,  or  to  make,  but  wlu;]i, 
ed,  our  vessels  would  gain  two  more  points  and  fi-om  the  nature  of  suck  establishments,  must  al- 
thus  nearly  double  the  chances  of  their  escape  from  ways  been  hand  to  some  considerable  extent.  As  to 
the  enemy,  and  of  immediate  and  active  hostility,  the  second  objection,  it  is  equally  u.ifoundcd ;  for 


Thus,  during  the  late  war,  the  Congress  got  into 
Portsmouth,  the  Essex  into  Piiiladelphia,  and  the 
United  States  and  Macedonian  into  New  York. 

The  objection  against  the  harbor  of  New-York 
on  account  of  tlie  ditficulty  of  ge':ting  out,  imless 
the  wind  blov.'s  from  certain  points  of  the  c>)mpKSs, 
is  applicable  likewise  to  Boston  and  York  in  Vir- 
ginia. As  to  tliatfrom  thebar,  it  oug;it  not  to  be 
insisted  upon,  orovided  theiiarbor,  in  other  respects, 
be  advantageous,  and  the  place  afford  fucilities 
for  equipments.  This  it  does  most  fidly.  .Mecha- 
nics are  at  command,  every  ki-id  of  work  can  be 
done,  all  kind  of  supplies  f  tviushed,  and  tiie  great- 
est force  brought  into  operation  in  less  time,  with 
more  facility  and  greater  effect,  tiian  at  any  other 
port  in  the  imlon,  provided  the  yard  be  placed 
upon  such  an  establishment  as  will  admitof  engrafi- 
ing  upon  its   usual  means,    t.ny  addition    required 

by  emergencies.  For  these  reasons,  the  objccuon'ceritury  past,  it  has  carried  on  the  business  of  land- 
to  the  bar  ought  to  be  waved,  and  ju'ofessional  men'cai-riage,  and  of  water-carriage  by  the  Moiiawk  for 
should  rather  turn   their  attention    to    lessen   it  as  the  fertile  and  well  settled   country    to    the  West, 

jf  our  and  it  now  affords  every  advantage  we  could  desire, 
to  conduct  witli  an  effect  almo.it  instantaneous,  any 
operations  on  the  three  Lakes,  in  contemplation   of 


in  condiicting  operations  where  immense  material 
is  to  be  transported  for  long  distances,  Newport 
affords  no  facilities  ;  and  unless  the  operations  be 
commenced  at  a  point  where  such  facilities  exist, 
they  never  can  be  created,  but  at  an  espence  of  125 
per  cent,  additional,  besides  staking  tlie  event  of 
ihe  campaign  upon  contingencies  and  casualties, 
wiiicii  may  vorj' probably  defrat  it.  For  ilUislratir)n, 
I  remark,  that  in  the  Lake  operations  of  last  winter, 
we  u.sevl  2,000  teams  in  the  course  of  two  montlis 
and  an  half,  upon  a  line  of  220  miles,  whicii  distance 
the  stores  were  t")  be  transported.  Now,  had  we 
not  been'able  to  iAvr(j\v  these  stores  at  some  point, 
where  1 JOO  teams  couid  be  at  command  in  one  month, 
the  operation  would  liave  failed,  and  all  I'ne  plans 
oftlic  government  which  depended  upon  it.  Sciie- 
nectady  is  this  point.  It  is  to  the  state'  of  Nev.  - 
York  wtiat  Pniiadcdphia  is  to  Pennsylvania.     For  a 


much  as  possible,  by  improving  tlie   model   o 
ships,  or  by  other  expedients,  such  as  trie}  a 


ver  at  a  loss  to  discover  in  •liiiicuiues. 


ai'e  ne- 
I  am  very 


free  to  say  upon  this  subject,  that  if  objectionsmol  the  government.  But  the  stores  must  be  sent  up 
stronger  tJian  this  shigle  one  against  the  h.vrbour  of  j  the  North  River,  and  throvv-n  on  Albany  or  ne.ir  it. 
New- York,  l)e  admitted  as  conclusive,  and  no  at-  Any  distance  b^Iow  Albany  increases  the  expence 
tempts  be  made  to  remove  tiie  obstacle  by  any  ex-|  in  proportion  to  the  distance,  increaccs  the  dii'icult;,-, 
pedient  whatever,  that  we  shall  be  confined  to  a!  and  jeopardizes  the  plan  of  the  campaign.  Forego 
very  few  dockyards  indeed,  and  of  coarse  to  a  very  these  advantages  when  wc  may,  l)y  breaking  up 
inefficient  nav;d  force.  But  Lliei-e  is  anotiier  reason]  the  yard  at  New-York,  and  refusing  uTi-tiier  on  the 
ibr  retaining  the  y.ird  at  New  York,  or  esutblisJiing  North  Iliver,  and  I  insist  upon  it,  we  abandon  the 
one  up  the  North  Itiver,  wiiish  has  escaped  alto-  lakes  to  tiic  cnemj^,  and  give  him  entrance  into  tiie 
gether  the  observation  of  the  "  Naval  Uriicir,"  and  heart  of  Vermont,  andof  New- York,  within  70  miles 
that  is,  the  absolute  necessity  of  one   or    die  other  of  Albany  itself. 


to  the  operations  on  the  Lake's.  It  is  now  perfectly 
well  known  that  this  is  the  point  from  wiiich,  only, 
dependence  cm  be  placed  to  conduct  operations  on 
Lakes  Champiain  and  Ontario,  and  it  is  as  good  for 
Lake  Erie  as  Piiiladelphia.  The  prodigious  exer- 
tions made  from  October  1812,  to  Feb.  1815,  prove, 
beyond  dispute,  tiie  iarmense  resources  of  this 
place.  Had  Uiey  been  le^s,  or  had  it  been  neces- 
sary to  have  placed  or,r  dependence  for  supjilics 
upon  other  pLces,    we    h-t d    certaia.v  filled,    nor 

AVould 

have 
to  Gr 


iJefore  1  close  my  remarks  upon  this  partic  :lar 
part  of  the  subject,  I  will  present  a  few  ideas  as 
general  ones,  wliicl!  aiiy  person  may  appl}-.  Wiierc- 
ver  there  is  a  place  at  v.iuch  a  naval  force  is  to 
rendezvous,  or  is  stationed,  be  it  ships  of  the  line, 
frigates,  Fultons,  or  gun-boats,  estabiishmeiUs  in  tiie' 
natiu-e  of  navy-vards,  become  at  onee  matter  of  ne- 
cessiiy.  The  "reason  is  obvious.  Docks  to  go  in- 
to, supplies  ofmasts,  spars,  shot,  g;m-carriages,  ii.c. 
ought  to  be  ready  at  a  moment's  warninrg,  in  case  of 


lid  tlie  resources  and  ability  of  our  government  emergency;  for  u'.dess  this  importsitit  desideratum 
e  appeared  in  that  striking  light  lliey  must  now,  be  obtrdncd,  that  is,  immediate  supplies  and  r,:piars , 
ireat  Britain.      When    the  campaign  of  1«14  our  means  of  oltcnceor-tlcfcacc  will  bs  rendered  in 


i90 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815. 


sfRoiein,  r,)i(\  of^rn  xiscless.  A  navy  yiU'd  if;  the  de- 
■pntfor  ailthis,  fof  the  preservation  of  stores  when 
returned  Trcm  the  vessels,  and  for  the  vessels  them; 
selve':  when  laid  up '"'^'''''"^^y-  Now.  as  the  city  or 
Xevv-Yorif,  the  emporium  of  tlie  commerce  of 
the  union,  is  to  draw  a  j^rcat  portion  of  her  defence 
f.om  Fulton  ,  ^'.ed  occasionally  by  vessels  of  v.-ar> 
\vliat  is  to  he  done  when  it  becomes  necessary  in 
the  midst  oF  war,  to  overhaul  their  bottoms,  to 
make  repairs,  and  tofr.iT.ish  supplies,  unlcj5sayard 
be  continued  at  thr.t  place? 

l-eavingeonsidcratior'syke  these,  which  I  cannot 
but  think  must  have  wei;^ht  with  all  who  examine 
fairly  their  applic-xtion  to  the  subject,  I  am  led  by 
the  course  of  these  remarks  to  fix  the  attention  of 
thefrier.ds  of  tlie  navy,  upon  the  dock-yards.  They 
are  a  branch  of  the  navy  department — a  part  of 
the  civil  establishment  of  the  navy,  and  shoidd  re- 
ceive orders  from  the  na-sw  Iward.  alone.  Tlieir  ol)- 
jert  is,  to  serve  as  depots  for  every  kind  of  supplies 
allowed  to  vessels  of  war  by  the  reg^ulations  of  the 
service:  to  have  dry  docks  ready  for  vessels  to  ^ o 
into,  and  workmen  at  hand  to  commence  and  com- 
plete repairs  as  expeditiously  as  is  possible,  in 
ebort,  the  oliject  in  establishing'  them,  is  di.ipatcli, 
vithout  which  all  militai'v  operations,  ever  since 
military  operations  existed,  have  been  ineflicieat, 
disQ^raceful  or  ruinous.  If  this  then  be  their  oli- 
ject,  and  if  this  object  can  be  obtained  in  no  other 
way,  let  any  one  say  what  will  be  the  ^Tsidt  if  we 
'preak  u])  those  at  E'-ie.  Sacket's  Harbor,  Whiteiuill, 
Portsmouth,  Xcw-York,  Philadelphia,  and  Ne'v- 
Orleans.     If  we  do,    we   shall   have  to  commence 

anew    at   the  beginning'   of   another   war The 

stores  will  he  lost — the  flotilla  and  ships  g-o  to 
ruin — and,  at  the  very  moment  when  we  ouf^lit 
to  strike  our  cnemv,  wc  sliall  aq'ain  be  parrying-, 
as  before,  with  •  feeble  eiTorts,  bis  well  pre]Dared 
and  vipforous  assaults.  But  the  proper  course,  I 
conceive,  is,  to  continue  the  minor  estahlisb.ments 
wherever  vessels  are  laid  v]^,  with  b*-.rely  ofPcers 
and  men  sufficient  to  keep  th.em  and  their  stores  in 
a  state  of  preservation  and  order;  and  to  orcranize 
perfectly  and  er.crease  the  larger  yards  where  the 
material  of  the  navy  is  to  be  made  and  collected,  and 
whence  it  may  be  distributed  to  different  points,  as 
the  iifivy  board  may  direct.  It  is  no  time  to  pull 
down  but  to  build  up;  no  time  to  waste,  but  tftpre- 
f}er\'e  every  thinj^:  no  time  to  scatter,  but  to  g-ather. 
Every  officer  who  has  been  in  comn>iind  knov/s  th.at 
we  are  verj-  bare  of  supplies  for  our  navy  even  vip- 
on  its  p^-escnt  establishment — that  it  is  the  work 
of  time  to  collect  supplier,,  and  much  more  the 
workof  dme  to  orpranizc  establishments  from  their 
foundation,  and  make  them  eificient.  Are  v,e  at  all 
upon  a  par  with  the  Britisli  preparations  and  esta- 
])lishmcnts  even  as  they  exist  at  our  very  doors' 
They  are  fiH-tifying-  Isle-nu-Noix,  to  g-ive  them  en- 
tr.ance,  if  po.ssible,  into  lake  Champlain,  and  make 
it  Calais  to  the  state  of  Xev.'-York.  The  naval  de- 
pot at  King-ston  is  made  the  seat  of  g-overnment  of 
the  province.  Their  vessels  of  w.ar  liave  ag-ain  ap- 
peared on  lake  Ere,  thoujrh  annihilated  once  by  the 
grallant  Perry.  The  Floridas  are  ceded  to  tliem. 
They  issue  fVom  H;difax  in  the  nortli  with  their 
fleets,  scovir  cjr  coasts  from  one  end  to  the  oih.cr, 
and  blockade  our  ports  at  pleasure.  If  crippled 
in  a  g-ale,  they  refit  in  Kin.c^ston  or  liennuda.  With 
."dl  these  facts  staring  us  in  the  face  of  preparations 
for  another  conflict,  and  of  the  powerful  means  of 
our  enemy  at  his  command,  to  the  north  and  to  the 
south,  and  on  everv  side  of  us,  to  abandon  all  we 
have  done  during  the  late  war — is  to  abandon  expe- 
rience already  too  dtarly  bought  to  this  natioij. 


Asmucli  of  the  reasoning  by  which  T  have  estab- 
lished tlie  ncesslty  of  continuing'  the  yard  at  Xew- 
jYork,  or  esti'blishing  one  up  the  North  river,  and 
miuch  of  the  general  reasoning  throughout,  has  rela-, 
tion  to  the  lake  service,  T  will  make  a  ft^w  more  re 
mprks  upon  that  subject.  I  am '.veil  aw;'re  that  some 
persons  are  of  opinion  that  the  lakes  shovdd  be 
.abandoned  alto':;-ct!  er.  That  point,  however,  let 
the  president  of  the  Uiiiled  States  decide.  Others 
are  of  opinion  that  by  establishing  ourselves  upon 
the  b.anks  of  the  St.  Lawrence  v.itk  a  strong  body 
of  troops,  we  cut  the  communication  by  the  only 
route  used  between  the  upper  and  lower  provinces 
of  Canada,  and  that  the  t'pper  wovdd  fall  of  course. 
To  this  I  reply,  that  the  time  is  gone  when  tliat  pro- 
jcct  was  a  good  one.  Does  any  man  seriously  be- 
lieve, that  during  the  interval  between  the  late  war 
and  tlie  next,  that  tlse  Rriish  will  stand  still  and 
make  no  preparation:;  for  apian  oa  or.r  part  so  ob- 
vious.'' If  we  do  believe  so,  we  deceive  ourselves. 
New  roads  through  the  interior  will  be  opened  from 
as  low  down  as  Qtiebec,  no  doubt,  to  oommunicate 
with  tlie  route  by  the  Utawas  fi-om  Montreal  to  join 
hike  Huroji:  and  even  if  peace  continues  but  two 
ye.irs,  supplies  of  everv  kind  will  be  sent  to  the  up- 
per lakes  to  enable  them  to  st.ind  a  siege  with  us 
at  any  future  time.  This  is  the  constant  practice 
of  the  British;  they  .are  now  acting  upon  it,  and  v.-c 
may  be  assu:-ed  that  if  we  neglect  our  naval  fierce  on 
tliese  waters,  and  let  every  thing  go  to  ruin,  we  shall 
irevitabiv  have  the  extensive  frontier  of  Vermont, 
New  York,  Pennsylvajiia,  and  the  Michigan  territo- 
ry, again  at  their  mercy,  and  that  of  their  allies,  dur., 
ing  the  tv.'o  first  years  of  .another  v.-.ar. 

A  NAVY  ADYOCArE. 


Naval  Affairs. 

Our  old  con-espondent  has  again  presented  us  wlll^ 
an  important  letter  on  the  sidiject  of  naval  estab- 
lishments, particul.arlj'  those  on  the  lakes.  Tlic 
cui'ious  policy  of  Great  Britiun  during  our  late 
war  wltU  her,  in  drawing  our  attention  from  the 
Atl.antic  to  the  Lakes,  so  far  as  rcgjuded  the  ope- 
ra'iioiis  of  our  gallant  navy,  is  here  distinctly  and 
satisfactorily  developed.  Her  commerce  was  onlv 
vulnerable  upon  the  high  seas,  and  from  the  de- 
vastation that  had  .already  been  committed  upon 
it,shcv»"as  extremely  desirous  soon  af'.er  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  of  removing  our  br.'.ve 
tars  to  a  scene  of  action,  where  they  could  not 
molest  that  commerce,  nor  c.apttu-e  tlie  ships  of 
her  national  marine.  JIov/  well  she  succeeded  in 
these  arcli  designs,  will  be  best  imderstood  from 
the  language  of  our  correspondent. 

A  fourth  interesting-  letter  from  an  officer  of  tlie  ITnit- 

ed  States''  navij,  to  ids  friend,  a  r,ien:ber  of  congress, 

dcii^d  at 

Nrw-Yonic,  Dec  8th,  1815. 

T)T.An  Sin — ll.a''in|::  adjusted  a  few  iridispensabie 
m.atters  .at  this  place,  I  shall  now  sit  dowm  to  answer 
as  defmitely  and  briefly  as  the  nature  of  the  subject 
will  permit,  the  several  inquiries  contained  in  your 
letter  of  th.e  29th  ult.  rel.ative  to  the  naval  est.ablish- 
ments  of  the  United  States. 

I  shall  begin  with  those  upon  the  lakes,  .and  inter- 
weave M'ith  my  remarks  upon  tliem  as  I  ))ass  along, 
sonie  observations  in  illustration  of  the  cilcct  whici» 
a  naval  war  in  that  quarter  will  be  likely  to  have 
upon  our  navy /irfl/)er,  or  oceanic  force;  at  the  same 
time  requesting  you  to  bear  in  rrdnd,  th.at  hi  touch- 
ing upon  this  subject,  ]  must  be  excused  from  an 
ir.vestjg-atlon  cf  the  mcajis  niast  pi-'ipcr  for  ccnxdurt  • 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 


291 


iiig  a  system  of  warfare  upon  the  Caiiailiau  fronciers. 
;From  what  has  already  occured,  I  draw  my  conclu- 
sions in  regard  to  the  future.  It  is  a  fact  well  known 
to  all  who  Iiave  paid  the  slighest  attention  to  the 
progress  'ind  termination  of  the  late  war,  that  upon 
the  cessation  of  hostilities  most  or  our  national 
ships  were  dismantled  upon  the  Atlantic  coast,  and 
that  by  buildiiuc  and  captui-ing'  we  had  acquired 
three  powerful  fleets  upon  the  lakes.     By  the  cap- 
ture of  a  fleet  upon  two  of  these  waters,  we  from 
that  moment  necessarily  rendered  our  own  entirely 
viseless  as  a  weapon  of  warfare,  as  neitlier  of  them 
could  by  any  human  efforts  be  removed  to  a  scene  of 
new  exertion;  and  from  those  whiclididnot  signalize 
themselves  by  a  decisive  victory,  we  derived  no  ad- 
vantag-e  at  all.     Tiie  constant  auo;meiitations  of  the 
enemy  occasioned  tlie  necessity  of  adopting'  similar 
measures  on  our  part ;  and,  by  carefully  avoiding  an 
action,  as  well  on  c-.ccount  of  fear  as  of  policy,  he  ob-  er.tered  into  the  policy  of  the  euemy  In  ref^ard  to  us, 


Great  Hritain.  The  nation,  too,  .justly  rejoiced  i.i 
these  achievments  of  its'tars  ;  and  'hough  reneral 
iluU  surrendered  and  tlie  attempt  upon  C  .nada 
fdled,  the  victories  over  the  Gierrlerc  luvX  .l^T y^eJo' 
nian  more  than  compensated  for  tlie  moi'tificati  in  of 
these  events. 

Butnovv  affairs  took  a  different  turn.  The  strength 
of  the  Canadas  was  mnde  known,  and   our  owh 
weakness    exposed,   by    the  operations   of  general 
Hull;  and  aithougli  it  was  ob>'iousiy  impossible  for 
the  enemy  lO  blockade  all  our  ports,  .•uid  efieccually 
to  protect  liis  extended  commerce  from  the  depre 
dations  of  our  cruisers,  j-et  these  wi-.oiesome  f.ict> 
v^ere  totally  overlooked,  and  the  g-rotmdless  fearS 
wliich  v.-ere  entertained  for  the  safety  of  our  ships 
on  the  high   se:',-?,  and  the  liopcs  of  an  immc.liate 
conquest  of  CanaUa,  induced  the  gove-nnient  to  fix 
its  attention  upon  tlie  lakes.    Almost  the  same  views 


tained  the  principal  object  of  his  skilf.ii   uMinage- 
lT.e}it — the  use  rjf  the  lakes,  u)hI  detention  of  onv  seti- 
me;i  fvom  tlie  Atlantic.     O'l  these  hiland  st.-s  he  liad 
no  commerce  for  as  to  injure  ;  he  encouraged  us  in 
the  extravaq-anl  plan  of  buildinj^  annually,  to  place 
ourselves  on  an  equal  footing  vvidi  him,  and  it  was 
not  until  we  h  td  nearly  completed  two  of  the  largest 
ships  in  the  worjcl,  and  forcg'one  the  incalculable  be- 
nefi'is  of  almost  all  our  Atlantic  ships,  by  sendir.i^- 
Iheir brave  crews  to  the  lakes,  in  addition  to  'he  ex- 
haustion of  our  navy  yards  and  arsenals  of  their  ma- 
ritime and  military  material,  and  the  expenditure  of 
millions,  that  we  discovered  his  polic}'.    At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war,  the  Atlantic  was  daily  blaz- 
ing witli  the  captured  wrecks  of  the  enemy,  and  the 
flag  of  the  United  States  was  invariably  to  be  seen 
in  our  harbors  waving  triumphantly  over  the  liritisli. 
In  many  instances,  tlie  prizes  taken  from  the  enemy 
were  re-equipped,   and   sailed  again    under  other 
auspices  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy's  commerce.  Some 
of  OLU"  ships  penetrated  even  into  the  British  cli.an- 
ncl,  and  the  havoc  made  there  under  the  very  eyes  of 
the  enemy  by  tlie  Argus  brig,  affords  a  disthiguished 
proof  of  the  aggregate  millions  tliat  v/ere  burnt  and 
.sunk,  never  to  be  recovered.  Some  of  them  cruised 
along  the  coasts  of  Scotland,  L-eland,  and  the  remote 
northern  regions  of  Europe — others  hovered  upon 
the  shores  of  France,  Spain,  Portugal,  Africa,  and 
the  Brazils — while  our  proud  banner  floated  upon 
the  north  and  south  Pacific  oceans.     An  extraordi- 
nary number  of  s;  ips  were  appointed  by  the  enemy 
to  protect  his  convoys — a  no  less  exti-aordinary  num- 
ber were  sent  in  squadrons,  to  pursue  our  single  ships 
—and  in  every  sea  a  powerful  force  was  stationed  to 
guard  against  the  effects  of  our  entcrpvize.     In  tliis 
state,  the  affairs    of  the  enemy  wore   an  alarming 
aspect:  the   spirit  of  his  mercantile  pursuits  wai 
broken  dov/n,   .and   his   traders,   bolli    foreign  and 
coasting,  became  totally  heartless.  The  navy  of  the 
United  States  increased  rapidly  in  numcricrd  force 
and  in  renown,  and  England,  being  novr  reduced  to 
the  necessity  of  acting  on  the  defensive,  could  spare 
no  force  to  blockade  our  harbors  ;  the  consequence 
was,  that  the  few  ships  she  had  upon  our  coast  ho- 
vered tog-cthoi-  in  squadrons  for  mutual  protection, 
whilst   ours  sailed  in  and  out    at  pleasure.      Tiie 
cliarm    of  British    invincibility   was    dispelled    by 
Hull — "Britannia  rules  the  ^naves'"  became  an  obso- 
lete drinking  song — and  an  order  was  issued  by  the 
lerds  of  the  admiralty,  that  no  Britisii  fri.-^alc  should 
.wigl!/  cngai^e  a  frigate  of  the  United  States.  These, 
sir.  Mere  the  most  glorious  days  of  our  navy — these 
were  the  trophies  iis  valor  had"  won — .and  my  chieks 
still  glow  v;ith  exultation  wlienlthink  from  what  a 
-tovrering-  height  wc   degraded  the  naval   f-me  of 


naving  r:ow  rendered  the  v>'..r  on  our  frontiers  defen- 
sive.    From   what  experience  had   already  taught 
•lim,  he  vi^as  in  just  dread  of  our  Vinwy  proper ,-  and, 
being'  .Tware  of  the  impracticability,  as  well  of  pre- 
venting its  departure  from  the  ports  of  the  Ignited 
States,  as  of  effectually  securing- his  own  commerce 
against  it,  he  set  himself  to  work  in  devising  some 
scheme  to  coimleract  its  future  exertions.     Afcord- 
ingly,  a  few  superfluous  officers  and  men  were  sent^ 
out  10  buiid  a  sliip  at  Kingston;  and,  as  a  matter  of 
policy  towards  acquiring  the  superiority  on  tlie  lake 
—we'  did  the  same  at  Sackett's   Harbor.     To  man 
this  vessel,  a  sliip  was  laid  up  in  one  of  the  Atlantic 
ports,  .and  the  enemy  had  tlius  tlie  s.i\isf:iCtion  to  see 
his  scheme  partly  carried  into  effect.    He  tiicn  built 
.motiier,  and  again  had  t!ie  pleasure  to  see  us  f;)i'OW 
his  example,  and  to  bring  .anodier  brave  crew  from 
their  proper  theatre  of  action  to  where  they  could^ 
do  him  no  harm.     In  proportion  to  the  success 'm' 
this  scheme  his   oper.ations  were  enlarged,  and   iu 
fact,  the  contest  Ijecime  apparently  no  longer  tliv.t 
of  the  sward,  but  of  the  purse  and  mv.  Fleets  suc- 
ceeded to  single  siiips — our  navy  yards  were  drain- 
ed of  stores,  guns,  and  other  military  articles,  to  be 
transported  across  the  country  from  the  most  dis- 
tant parts  for  t!ie  service  of  tlie  lakes — and  tiuis,  bjf 
a  steady  and  persevering  s.igacity,  (a'lth.ough  two  en- 
tire fleets  was  captured  by  us)  England  succeeded 
in  causing  to  disappear  from  the  ocean,  a  navy  which 
she  had  bo.asted  to  destroy  in  three  months.     'Vrue, 
our  victories  upon  tlie  lakes  Erie  and  Cnampr.un, 
were  brilliant  in  the  extreme,  notwithstanding  theiv 
effect  vvus  attempted  to  be  weakened  by  England,  in 
facetiousiv  denominating  tliem  victo'iesovera  ''pro 


vincial"  marine.  It  was  enough  for  her,  however, 
that  we  were  left  to  wage  war  vA'itli  the  Canadas,  and 
that  our  Athintic  ports,  in  conseqiience  of  tlie  dis- 
mantling of  our  siiips  and  the  emp'.oyment  of  their 
crews  upon  the  lakes,  could  be  easily  and  eifcctually 
blockaded  by  single  small  craft.  It  is  not  yet  for- 
gotten, ti!::t  a  few  siiips  cirrying  aparcel  of  merce- 
naries entered  the  Chesapeake  b;iy,  and  wi  Ji  scarce- 
Iv  any  resistance,  excepting  the  severe  defeat  t!iey 
liict  with  at  Baltimore,  r.ivagcd  its  defenceless 
shores.  Nor  will  it  soon  be  f  jrgotten  tliat  tW!)  fri- 
g-ates  and  some  smaller  vessels  sacked  .Alexandria — ■ 
that  the  communicalion  by  water  between  Baltimore 
and  Philadelphia  was  virtually  cut  off  by  a  single 
frigate — that  a  triHin^-  fo'-ce  blockaded  the  harbors 
of'Xew-York,  Long  Island  Sound,  N'cw-P.-ut,  t':u? 
Vincyartl,  Boston  b.iy,  fcc.  and  that  a  few  co!i'  ci'^.pti- 
ble  vessels  of  inferioi  foi'ce,  commanded  the  ports 
of  Xortliand  Soutii  Cirolina,r.eorgi  i  ;:idliOui':iana. 
W'iien  the  r.cv.s  of  peace  reached  this  country,  v.-e 
'had  birelv  one  frigate   and  tv/o  sloops  nuvj^atin^ 


292    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815. 


<-he  seas  !— And  yet  in  the  capture  of  the  firitisli 
ships  Vyune,  Levant  and  I'ciiguin,  b}'  this  frisrate  and 
one  of  [he  sloops,  and  tlie  destruction  caused  to  the 
enemy's  East  Indian  commerce  by  the  oilier,  moie 
"W'ss  done  to  the  injvu-y  and  humiliation  of  Ens^'-huid, 
than  all  that  had  been  eiTectcd  in  this  wav,  during- 
the  whole  wiw,  by  tJic  several  siiips  tliat  were  mereiy 
launched  and  moored  at  Sackett's  Jiarbor.  AViieii 
IheHeetsof  Ontario,  and  Champlain  were  dismant- 
led last  spring-,  upon  the  conclusion  of  hostilities,  we 
had  more  tlian  a  sufficiency  of  oflicers  and  meu  to 
man  tlie  largest  f.eet  that  ever  crossed  the  Atlantic 
under  the  American  flag;:  and  this  powerful  fleet 
had  been  rendered  totally  useless  to  us  during-  the 


to  Louisiana,  and  a  f^reater  annoyance*  directed 
ag-ainst  the  enemy's  West-India  Islnnds.  At  the 
same  time,  it  would  have  tlie  unavoidable  eft'ect  of 
rendering-  the  establishment  at  New-Oi-leans  entirely 
useless. 

Before  I  close  this  letter,  I  cannot  avoid  remark- 
ing- how  much  I  was  amused  a  few  days  shice,  by 
readhii^  an  essay  in  the  New- York  "Columbian," 
purporting-  to  be  areply  to  some  of  my  former  letters, 
and  signed  by  "a  Navy  Advocate."  I  was  amused  to 
see  a  writer,  apparently  possessing-  considerable  ta- 
lents, endeavoring-  to  handle  a  subject  about  wliicU 
he  evidently  knows  so  little,  and  very  g-ravely  jiiea- 
suring-   along-  our  coast,  to  prove  that,  in  locating- 


greater  part  of  tiie  war,  by  the  ing'enious  device  of  the  yards,  I  had  not  made  an  equal  division.  In  my 
tiie  enemy  in  drawhig-  tJieir  crews  from  the  Atlanticjopinion,  he  seems  to  rest  the  whole  force  of  his  ar- 
to  the  lakes.  We,  who  in  every  thing-  else  outwit- tgument  upon  the  propriety  of  hiding- ourselves  from 
ted  the  enemy,  could  not  in  this  instance  discern  the  enemy,  rather  than  manfully  meeting- him  ;  for 
his  object,  until  a  monument  was  erected  to  our  [he  beats  about  from  place  to  place,  unable  to  find 
Vv'ant  of  penetration  by  tiie  creation  of  a  fresli  water 
fleet  at  .Sackett's  Hai-bor,/ nearly  equal  in  force  to 
the  e^LCuve  navy  of  Great  Bi'itain.  Sir  Gcorg-e 
Prevost  JKul  long-  boasted,  that,  if  the  war  conti- 
inied,  he  would  blockade  the  whole  American  navy 
in  the  lakes  of  Canada  ;  and  Sir  George  had  the  sa- 
tisf^iction  to  see  tliis  boast  fully  veriiicd.  Even  at 
tiiii  day,  Eng-land  is  still  employed  in  preparing-  for 
a  future  naval  cimtest  upon  the'lakes.  w'e  are  told 
by  a  recent  writer  tiiat  her  ag-enls  "are  fortifviiig- 
Isle  au  Noix  to  g-ive  them  an  entrance,  if  iTossibk, 
into  lake  Cii.anplain,"  and  that  "the  naval  depot  at 
King-ston  is  made  the  seat  of  government  of  the 
];rovince."  Having-  succeeded  in  one  deep  experi- 
ment—it  rests  with  us  wliether  she  sliall  hereafter 
succeed  in  another. 

These  remarks,    in    some  measure,  grow  out  of 

your  ei.quiry  respecting-  the  utility  of  tlie  navy  yard 
at  New- York,  if  that  yard  has  rendered  any  facili- 
ties toward  the  equipment  of  the  lake  fleets,  1  do 

not  by  any  means  consider  that  fact  as  a  proof  ofits 

importance,  under  present  civcimistances,    to  the 

navy  of  the  United    Slates.     1  deny,  however,  that 

it  has  been  of  any  service  to  tlie  equipment  of  the 

lake  fleets,  except  as  a  dc}>ot  for  the  public  stores  ; 

and  for  this  especial  purpose  Albany  is  universally 

allowed  to  be  preferable.     Yet,  surely,  no  one  uifl 

maintain,  that  because  it  possesses  this  sing-le  ad- 

vantag-e,  Albany  is  a  fit  jdace  for  the  establishment 

of  a  navy  yard  upon  a  [irciier  scale.     But,  admitting 

for  a  moment,  tiud  New- York  possessed  the  advan- 

tag-es  suggested  in  your  letter,  it  docs  not  fcdlow 

that  Newport  is  the  less  to  be  preferred  ;  more  es- 
pecially as  an  extensive  naval  establislimcnt    at  the 

latter  place,  by  giving-   comipletc  protection  to  the 

jiavig-ation  of  Lo:ig-Island  Sound,  would  render  the 

ti'ansportation   of  siores  from  tlience  to  Albany   as 

easy  as  from  New-York.  YVith  reg-ard  to  New-Or- 
leans, it  v.-ouhl   certainly  be   advisable  to   keep   a 


shelter  and  security  from  a  pursiung-  foe,  inasmuch 
as  I  did  not  recommend  the  establislmient  of  yards 
at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  New-York  and  Fiiiladef];!iia. 
But  atlmitting-  the  establishment  of  proper  yards  at. 
tliese  places,  let  me  ask  this  writer,  whet'ier  these 
could  ensure  g-reater  benefits  to  our  navy  than  such 
as  I  would  recommend  at  Boston,Newport  and  York- 
town  i  You  may  judg-e,  ho-.vever,  of  the  nature  of 
his  arg'umcnts,  when  1  assure  you,  that  the  princi- 
pal ground  upon  which  he  relies  for  awarding-  the 
preference  to  Portsmouth,  N.  II.  New-York  and  Phi- 
ladelphia, is,  that  during-  the  late  war,  t!ie  Cous^rfss 
g-ot  intoi  Portsmo'ath,  the  Emse.r  into  PhiUdelphia, 
and  the  United  Stales  and  JMaccdonian  into  New- 
York ! — 1  notice  tills  singular  lorician  only,  because 
he  has  taken  the  pains  to  notice  me,  and,  as  he  no 
doubt  expects  an  answer  to  the  above  xaeighty  argu- 
ment, it  is  my  duly  to  reply,  that  these  frig-ate.9 
could  have  entered  the  said  ports  equally  as  well 
had  there  been  no  yards  established  at  them,  and, 
in  all  ]3robal)iUty,  could  have  been  equally  as  well 
accommoJated  witji  whatever  tliey  required,  lie 
seems  to  think,  that  unless  the  L'nited  States  have 
tliree  or  lour  brick  ware-houses  and  h.alf  a  dozen  of 
decayed  hulks  at  t'lc  Wallabout,  with  an  adequate 
number  of  officers  and  men  to  take  charge  of  them, 
they  cann(;L  possibly  buy  a  bolt  of  canvas,  a  pound 
of  powder,  or  a  barrel  ofiiitch  fiom  the  New-York 
niercliaiils  for  the  service  of  the  Ir.kes.  Neverthe- 
less, lam  inclined  to  believe,  that  were  there  not 
the  least  trace  of  a  yard  at  the  Wallabout,  it  would 
be  one  of  the  easiest  things  in  the  world  for  the 
board  of  navy  commissioners,  ■\vhen  occasion  re- 
quired, to  send  an  agent  direct  into  New-York,  and 
jjurchasc  as  many  thousaiul  dollars'  worth  of  naval 
stores  as  they  might  wish,  eitlier  for  the  service  of 
the  lakes,  or  any  other  service.  And  I  will  even  go 
so  far  as  to  .say,  that  I  iirmly  believe  the  stores  wouul 
not    be    a  whit   the  worse    for   not  having  passed 


small  depot  of  stores  there  for  the  use  of  the  fiotillaUhrough  the  brick  stores  at  1he  AVallabout.  Then 
on  that  station;  but  an  extensive  naval  establish-  again,"  the  "iia\y  advocate"  is  of  opinion,  that,  in- 
ment,  such  as  our  navy  now  requires,  I  conceive  to  stead  of  building  our  frigates  and  seventy-fours  in 
be  aitogetlier  umiecessary  ;  as  no  vessel,  drawing  a  manner  best  calculated  to  ensure  their  fast-sailing, 
morethanfourteenfeetofvater,  can  enter  the  mo;ith  strength,  beauty  and  durability,  they  should  be 
of  the  ->Iississippi.  Nor  do  1  know  of  a  single  spot  built'wiih  a  view  to  suit  the  bar  across  the  harbor  of 
between  the  Chesapeake  bay  and  New-(h-leans,  it\-\j\'eiu-York.  "i'orthe.^c  reasons,"  says  he,  "the  ol)- 
cept  Pcnsacoia,  possessing  a  sufficient  depth  of  Ijection  to  the  bar  ought  to  be  waved,  and  professional 
water  fertile  admission  of  ships  of  the  line.  At  a  "men  should  rather  turn  tlielr  attention  to  lessen  it 
future  day,  perhaps,  when  our  navy  has  acquired  a  as  much  as  possible,  by  improving  the  model  of  our 
great  magnitude,  it  will  be  very  expedient  to  liave 'ships,  or  by  other  expedients,  such  as  they  are  ne- 
p,  station  for  the  accomniodation  of  the  larsrest  shii)s  ver  at  a  loss  to  di.-icover  in  difficulties." — He  insists 


t;omewhere  south  of  tlie  Chesapeake  ;  and,  in  that 
case,  I  presume  there  will  be  no  hesitatioiun  occu- 
pying Pensacola  for  that  purpose.  Erom  this  ijoint, 
-indeed,  a  more  eflectual  protection  coidd  be  given 


also,  that  "in  conducting  operations,  where  immense 
materials  are  to  be  transported  for  long-  disti'.nces, 
Newport  affords  no  facilities."  Here,  again,  I  am 
under  tl^e  necessity  of  entering-  my  dissent— for  to 


NILES  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CRUISE  OF  THE  ESSEX. 


295 


me  it  appears  just  as  fe-  '■:iblc  to  transport  "immense 
materinl"  '.Vom  Vev/novt  10  Albany,  by  vv.iy  of  Lo!i(>'- 
Is^  ;id  Sound  and  tlie  \ort)i  river,  as  from  the  W;d- 
labodt  or  the  city  of  Ve'v-Yorli.  If  it  should  ever 
ag-aiti  be  deemed  expedient  to  Ihv  up  cm-  Ailantic 
ships  and  conduct  a  naval  war  upon  tlie  lakes,  there 
are  butf  w  stores  which  tlie  lake  fleets  would  re- 
quire tlir.t  *he  c  J' ')f  Vew-Yovk  do  s  not  Iways  '.f- 
fbr'l,inl."penden  of  thenival  dejiot  at  theWallabnut; 
and  sj.cli  as  it  did  not  afford,  mig^lit  be  easily  broug-Iit 
from  ''''fevvpoi't. 

T^  'his  vri'cr  is  desirous  of  sliewing;'  his  ing-enuiiy 
to  I'r'vantaice,  T  would  advise  him  to  turn  tlie  whole 
of  i'is  attention  to  the  lake  fleets,  (as  he  appears  to 
be  mo"e  inl crested  for  these  than  any  other)  and, 
aiinre'f^t  other  J  idicious  pLms,  to  devise  some  me- 
tl/iK'  of  t-riioyin^  ■'.hem  into  the  A.tV'ntic,  v/jiere  thcv 
mi'-rh'  h'  of  use  '-o  us.  The  'risk,  indeed,  would  he 
not  ino  e  lifBciU  thin  the  one  he  has  undertaken,  for 
Isho'iiT  !s  soon  expect  to  see  the  JsiViv-Orieami  mvA 
the  ndUpeiva  bvoug^ht  into  <he  Atlantic,  as  the  ob- 
jecl!0;i5  agtinst  the  bar  at  Sandy-Hook  definitively 
renioved. 

I  am,  v'Hir  obedient. 


Cruise  of  the  lissex. 

S'EOTJKLOPCO-i.  .'OTITEr's  F.X  -EnrTIOX  IN  THE  SOITTH  SEA. 

Wc  are  indebted  to  the  politeness  of"  one  of  the 
officers  of  the  .'overnmeni  for  acopv  of  the  follow- 
in<.f  letter,  addressed  bv  captain  RA'Mri'  e  (of  the  ma- 
"rines)  to  conimodoie  Pouter,  on  the  return  of  the 
f,  tier  to  the  Uni'ed  States,  in  Vug-usi:  last.  C  int. 
(  ible  .''the  rea'e;- will  recollect)  >vas  left  bv  covo  ■ 
(  lore  Portei-  with  a  few  men,  in  charg-e  of  two  or 
•'e-.sels  K\  1  public  pi  oi)ertv,  when  he  suile:! 
f  ■  f  dison  I -J  i-.ind  for  Valparaiso,  pi  evious  to  his 

,€>'.;-. .ie.iior..ble  b.itth^  in  '.he  ?^ssex.     The  followin;.;' 
le'U.  compri/.es  all  the  subsequent  occurrences  : 

J      ■'   'if  a  IctU'.r  from  ciptain  Gamble  to  com.  Porter. 

New  YfiHK,  August  ZO,  181.5, 

:h  -  Vi''!  rw^-rei    I  li  .ve<  to  inff)rm  \:);i,  tiie  fri 

y     ^  h.id  not  g-ot  clear  of  the  M.irqieseiv  before  we 

I      ••>vere  1  i;i  tlie  natives   a  hostile   disposition  to- 

^       '<;   !■:,  who  in   a   ?ew  days  becime  so  insolent, 

t        '    .iind  it  absolutely  necessary,  not  only  for  tlie 

r       icy  of  tiie  ship.j  and  property  on  sliore,  but  for 

po'-soiial  sa.f'cly,  to  land  my  men  and  rei;'uin  br 

e  of  tii'ins  tlie  m my  thinu's  >  lev  Ivid,  in  the  most 

<      i:ig^  m.inner,  stolen  fro.v,   t;,,-  enc.mpnient ;  and 

M':i.tt.ya3  of  still  i^reater  importance,  to  prevent,  if 

possible*,  their  putcing- vhreatr,  ;  i  ,>  execution  whieh 

ftiiirut   n,ive  been  attended   wiJi   the  most   serious 

Co  ise-juences  ov  our  p.a-t,  from  duty  requiring' my 

men  Ui  be  ..iic  ■  sep.ir.^ted. 

,  however,  hid  the  satisfvction  to  accomplish  my 
V.  isrr  ivithout  fii-in^j;' a  musket,  and  from  tliat  time 
lived  i.i  ;.he  mos.  perfect  amity  with  them,  until  the 
7Vn  of  M..y  followiil,^■,  vhew  my  distressed  situation 
placed  me  in  tiieir  |juwer. 

liefore  mentionin;?  the  lamentable  events  of  th.at 
(lay,  \  shall  g'ire  you  a  bi-ief  account  of  a  few  pre- 
ceding occurrences,  'Viicli  were  the  sources  of  },'-rcat 
uneasiness  to  n;e.  Tiie  first  was  he  de.itii  of  John 
Wetter  (marine)  w  ,i.  >.vas  unibrtuua.ely  di-owncd 
ill  tlie  surf,  on  t!ie  -.Piernoon  of  ilie28Lh  of  Febru- 
ary, ;ind  t'lc  desertion  of  four  of  my  men.  They 
took  the  advantag'e  of  a  dark  night,  and  left  the  bay 
unobserved  by  any  person  ;  all,  excepting  one,  (a 
prisoner)  having  the  watch  on  deck.  They  took 
witli  them  several  muskets,  a  supply  of  amnjunition, 


and  many  articles  of  but  little  value.  My  attempt 
to  pursue  them  was  prevented  by  their  destroying 
partially  the  only  boat  (near  the  beach)  at  that  time 
sea-worthy. 

On  the  12tii  of  April,  beg.an  to  rig  the  ships  Sc- 
ringapatam  ami  Sir  .\ndrew  Hammond,  whicli,  as  F 
calculated,  employed  the  men  untii  ti;e  1st  of  ;May. 
All  hands  were  then  engaged  in  getting  the  remain- 
der of  the  property  from  tiie  Gi-eenwicli  to  the  Se- 
ringapatam,  as  I  began  to  despair  of  your  rejouiing 
me  in  that  place. 

The  work  went  on  well,  and  the  men  were  obedi- 
ent to  my  orders,  though  I  disco  v'ered  an  evident 
change  in  their  countenances,  which  led  me  to  sup- 
pose there  v.'as  sometiimg  wrong  in  agitation,  and 
under  that  impression,  had  ail  tiie  muskets,  am- 
munition, and  small  arms  of  every  description,  tak- 
en to  tiie  Greenvvicli  (the  sliip  I  lived  on  board  of) 
flora  the  other  sh.ips,  as  a  necessary  precaution 
against  a  surprise  from  my  own  men. 

On  the  7th  of  May,  while  on  board  the  Seringapa- 
tam,  on  duty  which  reipiired  ni}'  being  present,  a 
mu'iny  took  place,  in  wiiicli  I  was  wounded,  and  the 
mu  ineers  succeeded  in  getting  the  Sering-apatam 
out  of  the  bay — two  days  after,  when  makuig  tlie 
necessary  preparations  to  depart  fir  Valpaniso,  wi- 
were  attacked  by  the  sava.ges,  and  I  have,  with  the 
deepest  regret,  to  inform  you,  sir,  midshipman  Win. 
Feliers,  Joan  Thomas,  'I'iiomas  Gibbs  and  William 
Uurdlnell  were  massacred,  and  Peter  Coddingtou 
(marine)  dangerously  wounded.  After  bending  the 
jib  and  spanker,  we  ctst  our  moorings,  and  fortu- 
nately had  a  light  breeze  tliat  carried  the  ship  clear 
of  tiie  bay,  with  six  cartridges  remaining  out  of  the 
only  barrelleft  us  by  the  mutineers. 

Afier  getthig  out  of  tlie  bay,  we  found  our  situa- 
tion most  distressing.  In  attempting  to  run  the  boat 
up,  it  broke  in  two  parts,  and  we  were  compelled  to 
cut  away  from  the  bows  the  only  anchor,  not  being 
able  to  cat  it.  We  mustered  aitog-ether  eight  sou!3, 
out  of  which  there  was  one  crijipie,  one  dangerously 
wounded,  one  sick,  one  just  recovering  from  the 
scurvy,  and  niyseif  confined  to  the  bed  with  a  high 
fever,  produced  by  ray  wound. 

In  that  state,  destitute  of  ciiarts,  and  almost  of 
every  means  of  navigating  the  ship,  I  reached  tlie 
Sandwich  Island,  at'ier  a  passage  of  seventeen  days, 
.ind  suffering  much  from  fatigue  and  hardsliip.s.  I 
was  there  unfortunately  captured  by  the  Englisli 
s!iip  Cherub,  remained  a  prisoner  on  board  of  her 
seven  months,  during  wliich  time  my  men  were 
treated  in  a  most  shameful  maimer.  We  were  then 
put  on  shore  at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  without  the  possibi- 
lity of  getting  away  until  afier  hearing  of  the  peace. 
I  then,  by  the  advice  of  the  physician  who  attended 
me,  embarked  on  board  a  Swedisii  shlj)  btmnd  to 
Havre  de  Grace,  (there  being  no  other  means  of  my 
g-etting  away  at  that  time)  leaving-  behind  acting 
midshipman  Clapp  and  i^ivc  men,  having-losLone,  soon 
afi-er  my  arrival  in  that  place,  wuli  the  small-pox. 

_  Ou  the  1st  instant,  in  lat.  47°  N.  long.  IS''  W.  v.-e 
fell  in  with  the  American  shi])  Oliver  Ellsworth,  from 
Havre,  bound  to  this  port.  I  took  a  passage  on  board 
of  her,  and  arrived  here  two  days  since,  after  being 
upwards  of  an  hundred  days  at  sea.  I  am  at  present 
unable  to  travel,  and  shall  therefore  await  either 
your  orders,  or  the  orders  of  the  commandant  of  the 
marine  corps  at  this  place. 

1  have  the  honor  to  remain. 

With  tlie  highest  respect  and  esteem, 
fc?ir,  vour  obedi'jut  servaist, 

JOHN  .M.  GAMBLE. 


294    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815, 


§569,717  83 
333,104  74 


4,919  lo 
208,^28  16 


§4,109  24 
1,420 
1,960 
2,391  44 
l,6ul     8 
495 


8,862 
3,434 


41 


Finances  of  Maryland. 

Ji^  tlie  Committee  .f  Ckdms. 
Your  Conimittee  beg- leave  lo  report,  that  they 
have  examined  the  accounts  and  proceedings  of 
Eenjamin  Harwood,  Treasurer  of  tlie  Western 
Sliore  of -Maryland,  i.nd  find  by  an  account  settled 
by  the  Committee  of  Claims  to  tJie  first  of  Noveni- 
■ber,  one  thousaivi  eiijnt  hundred  and  fourteen,  there 
was — 
Eschanjed     6    per     cent.   Stock,  a 

balance  of 
Funded  3  per  cent.  Stock, 
Bmissions  of  Billsof  Credit  made  by  an 
act   of   Congress  of    tlie    IStli  of 
March,  1780, 
Remaining  in  the  Treasuiy 

That  it  appears  to  your  committee  by  the  ac- 
counts of  the  said  treasurer,  he  hath  received  for 
Escheates,  Caution  and  Improvements 

on  Land  Certificates, 
For  Open  Account, 
For  Bonds  taken  for  money  leix|, 
For  Confiscated  Property, 
For  Indian  Laiids, 
For  Taxes, 
For  Fines,  Forfeitures,  and  Amercii- 

ments. 
For  Marriag-e  Licences, 
For  Ordinarj^  Uetailcrs,  ilawlcers  and 

Pedlers  Licences, 
For  Taxes  under  the  act  for  establish- 
ing and  sccurmg  the  salary  to  the 
Chancellor, 
/prom  tlie  Treasurer    of  tlie    Eastern 

Shore, 
F'l'om  the  Bank  of  Baltimore,  for  divi- 
dend on  stock, 
^''i-om  the  Union  Bank  of  Maryland, 

for  dividend  on  stock, 
\I'rom  the  Farmers  Bank  of  r»Iaryland 

for  dividend  on  stock. 
From  the  iMechanics   Bunk  of  Balti- 
more, for  dividend  of  siock. 
From  the  Hagar's-Town  Bank,  for  di- 
vidend on  stock. 
From  tile    Commercial  and  Farmers 
Bank  of  Baltimore,  for  dividend  on 
stock. 
From    the    Farmers    and  Merchants 
Bank  of  Baltimore,  for  dividend  on 
stock. 
From  the  Marine  Bank  of  Baltimore, 

for  dividend  on  stock, 
From  the  Franklin  Bankof  BaltimorCj 

for  dividend  on  stock. 
From  the  Elklon  Bunk   of  Maryland, 

for  dividend  on  stock. 
From  the  Union  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany of  Maryland,    for  dividend  on 
stock. 
From  Benjamin  Harwood,  trustee  for 
dividend  on  stock. 
That    it    appears    to    your   Committee  tlie  said 
treasurer  hatii  piiid  away  from  the  first  day  of  Nov. 
1814,  to  the    first    day  of  Nov.   1815,  the  sum  of 
262,824  dollars  and  26  cents  ;    for   aU  wliicli  pay- 
ments have  been  produced  to  your  Comnnttee   the 
necessary  vouchers  and  receipts  ;    and  tliat  there 
remains  in  the  treasury  the  sum  of  569,717  dollars 
83  cents,   F.xchanged   6  percent,    stock;    335,104 
dollars  and  74  cents.  Funded  3  per  cent.   Stock  ot 
Uie  United  States  ;  4,919  dollars  and    13  cents   o.' 
the  Emissions  yf  Bills  of  Credit  made  by  an  act   of 


2,965 

26 

10,005 

35 

6,209 

68 

3,SS1 

33 

343 

oo 

395 

75 

1,169 

IG 

10,937     9 

454  21 
6,883  48 
8,319 
3,180 
15,200 
6,975 
2,500 

2,500 

1350 
900 

1,425 
1,000 

750 

44,236  12 


Congress  of  the  18lh  of  March,  1780,  and  the   suna 

of  76,587  dollars  and  19  cents,  specie  ;  which  svim 

of  specie  is  appropriated  in   the    manner  followjng, 

to  wit : 

Bul.jice  of  Cash  iii  the  Treasury,  76,587  19 

Deduct  appropiiatio7is  due  to  the  Ist  of  J\'ov.    ihiS, 
and    remiuiied  mipaid. 

For  t'lie  payment  of  the  Civil 
List, 

For  tlie  pavment  of  the  Judi- 
ciary, 

For  half  pay  due  to  OtTicers 
and  Soldiers, 

For  the  p;iyment  of  the  Jotir- 
nal  of  Accounts, 

For  Indian  Annuities, 

To  the  Armourers  of  the  East- 
ern and  Western  Shores, 

To  the  Adjutant-General  and 
Brigade-Inspectors, 

For  tlie  redemption  of  the 
Bills  of  Exciiange  drawn  in 
virtue  of  an  act  of  Novem- 
ber session,  1779, 

For  the  redemption  of  the  cer- 
tificates issued  in  virtue  of 
the  above  recited  act. 

For  Colleges,  Academies  and 
Schools, 

For  the  Equipment  of  the  Quo- 
ta of  Militia  of  this  State 
per  resolution  of  Jime  ses- 
sion, 1812, 

For  the  purpose  of  Furnish- 
ing and  Repairing  the  Go- 
vernment-House, 

For  the  purchase  of  Arms, 
Ordnance  and  Military 
Stores,  &c.  per  resolution 
May  session,  1813, 
For  payment  of  the  Account- 
ants of  Militia  Claims, 
For  the  purciiase  of  Arms  and 
Accoutrements  per  act  of 
Nov.  session,  1808, 


3,865  37 

207  4S 
4,800 

6,839  96 
988  68 

28,167  84 
300 


15,000 
For  intereston  Money  Loaned,   7,287  83  92,587  G» 


The    Journal  of  Accounts 
the  present  session,  say. 


of 


Part  of  the  Civil  List,  payable  on  the  1st 
day  of  Nov.  1815,  for  tlie  paunent  of 
whicii  no  appi  opi  iatjon  Was  m.ide  by 
tlie  Legislature  at  their  last  session. 


I5,yyy  99 

o5,u00      ;■ 

. -i» 

50,9L'9  99. 

6,166  67 


5*557,166  57 
to   the    honourable   house* 


Deficient, 
All  •which  is  submitted 
By  order, 

WM.  K.  LAMBUIN,  Clk.  Com.  Claims. 


Congress. 

HOUSE  OF  ilEPKE^EX  i  ATIVES. 
Committees  appointed  by  tlie  Speaker. 

Committee  of  election^ — Messi.-..  TaMor,  (of  N.  Y.J 
Piper,  Snarp,  Pickering,  Yose,  IJarbour,  and  Law. 

Of  IVays  and  Means — Messrs.  Lowndes,  Burwell, 
I'ayior,  (of  N.  Y.)  Mosely,  Kobertsoii,  Inguam,  and 
Gaston. 

Of  Commerce  and  Manufuciitres — Messrs.  New^, 
ton,  .Murfrec,  Baylies,  Parris,  Chappcll,  Boss,  ai». 
Sarjjeant. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGH.ESS. 


295 


,Qf  Glaims — Messrs.  Yancey,  Alexander,  Good- 
rj-n,  D;tvenport,  Lylo,  Stanford,  and  Chapmun. 

On  the  Public  /.«/,(/*— Messrs.  Robertson,  Creigli- 
ton,  Clark,  (of  Ky.)  Mail,  King,  (of  Mass.)  M'Coy, 
and  Sturges. 

For  the  District  of  Cohmbia—Messvs.  Tucker, 
Levis,  Irvin,  (of  Pa.)  Savage,  Herbert,  Taylor,  (of  S. 
C.)  -v.id  Grigiiam. 

On  the  Post  Office  and  PoH  lioads—MessFS.  Ing-- 
jja.n,  Ca;inon,  Urcckenndgc,  Tiiroop,  Connor,  Cald- 
well, and  Lanf^don. 

On  Pensionis  and  Revolntionavy  Claims — Messrs. 
Cliappc-il,  Coinbiock,  Stuart,  Milnor,  Southard,  Ilen- 
dei-bon,  ;.nd  Wilcox. 

On  the  Judidan/ — Messrs.  Xelson,  (of  Ya.)  Orms- 
by,  Cooper,  Wright,  ^^'ilde,  Gold,  and  Sai'geant. 

'  On  Public  ExpeiuUtures — Messrs.  Marfree,  (Jhol- 
»on,  C'lUtuipion,  Tiio.  Wilson,  Hammond,  Nelson,  (of 
M&ss.)  and  WlU-.x-c. 

Of  .Iccounts— Messrs.  M'Lean,  (of  O.)  Reed,  and 
Beits. 

Of  Revisal  and  unfinished  Biisinesa — Messrs.  Con- 
dit,  ni-.idbiiry,  and  Maclay. 

On    Foreign  Affairs — Messrs.    Forsyth,    , 

■W.ikJn,  Giiolson,  Atlierton,  Siieffey,  and  Sharpe. 

On  .Military  Affairs — ?»Iessrs.  Jolmson,  (of  Ky.) 
Eiu-bour,  Moore,  (of  S.  C.)  Forsyth,  Desha,  Ciiam- 
];lo!i,  :iad  I-fulbert. 

Gn^Vuval  A fftiirs— Messrs.  Pleasants,  Middleton, 
Cooper,  Parrij,  !l..nijr.on!',  KobS,  .md  M'l-can,  of  Ky. 

Oji  an  uniform  J\'aiional  Giirrenci/ — Messrs.  Cal- 
houn,     -,    Pleasants,    Hopkinson,    Robertson, 

Tuckc)',  aii-l  Pickering-. 

On  Noads  and  Canals — Messrs.  Creigiilon,  Lowii- 
des,  Coope",  Ingham,  Condit,  Lovett,  and  Aiex-^i- 
der. 

On  a  JValional  Senivctry  of  Learning — ■  .Messrs. 
Wilde,  Sargeant,  Calhoun,  Shelley,  Ilei-bert,  Sa- 
vage, antl  Oriijsb}-. 

On  the  r,Iiniia,'&c.— Messrs  Clark,  (of  Ky.)  Tay- 
lor, (of  X.  Y.)  KeiT,  (of  Va.)  Piper,  Moore,  (of  S.  C) 
Erecke.uidge,  and  Forney. 

G/t  the  arrangement  of  certain  AHliUa  F.rpences — 
Messrs  Wright,  Baibour,  Rice,  Powell,  Smith,  (of 
Pa.)  Lyon,  fiiid  Cilley. 

On  the  question  of  admitting  J\fississip[ji  Territory 
into  the  Uni-jn — ^'.le.sirs.  Latdmoi e,  Robertson,  Can- 
non, M'Leaa,  (of  Ky.)  Strong,  Xoyes,  and  Lurnpkin, 

On  the  7th  inst.  Mr.  Lowndes,  from  the  commit- 
tee on  the  subject,  delivered  the  following  report — 

"  The  committee  ap»p')iiiled  on  tlie  part  of  the 
house  of  representatives  to  enquire,  in  conjunction 
with  a  coHimittee  on  the  part  of  the  senate,  into 
the  state  of  the  new  building  on  Capitol  Iliil,  oU'er- 
eJ  by  the  proprietors  i<.v:  tlie  accomniodation  of 
congress,  upon  what  terms  tlie  u-id  building  could 
be  obtained  until  the  capitol  may  be  ready  for  their 
reception,  report— Tint  having  examined  tlie  ijuild- 
4n.^•in  question,  tiiey  cunsidcr  it  much  betier  adapt- 
ed to  the  convenience  of  both  houses  of  congress 
than  that  they  at  present  occupy.  The  committee 
appointed  by  the  owners  of  the  buihlhig,  have  repre- 
sented it  as  iuiving  cost  (witii  tlie  land  attached  to 
it)  thirty  tliousaud  doiliirs,  uve  of  which  liave  been 
oxpeiuled  on  obj'ccts  necessary  for  the  accoinasod:;.- 
lioii  of  congress,  w'lich  will  become  useless  wlicn 
lliey  siiall  leave  the  building.  Tiiis  committee  tias 
Staled  that  tlie  proprietors  will  be  fully  satisfied  to 
enter  into  a  contract  with  the  United  States  under 
^'hich  they  shall  receive  5009  dollai"s,  witii  an  annual 
rent  of  1650  dollars,  (behig  an  interest  upon  their 
capital  of  6  ;jer  cent,  with  the  addition  of  tlie  price 
of  insurance)  mJiing  tlic  lease  determinable  at  the 
pleastn'e  of  congress.    Shonld  thesp  terms  be  ac- 


ceeded  to  by  congress,  the  committee  believe  that 
the  building  will  be  ready  for  tleii"  reception  oi\ 
Mond.ty  next.  The  terms  appeal*  to  the  comnutteR 
of  botli  hou.ses  to  be  eqiutable,  and  they  have  sub- 
mitted a  bill  to  carry  tliem  into  effect." 

Mr.  Lowndes  tlien  reported  a  bill  to  authorise  tlie 
president  of  the  United  States  to  lease  on  the  terms 
therein  mentioned  "the  new  building  on  Ci.pitol 
Hill,  with  tlie  appurtenances,  for  the  better  accom- 
modation of  congress  ;"  which  wa-*  twice  read  and 
referred  to  a-  committee  of  tlie  whole — passed 
througli  acom.Tiittec  of  the  v/liclc  ;  engrossed  an"! 
read  a  third  time,  and  sent  to  the  senate  for  con- 
currence. 

[The  spot  where  this  large  and  commodious 
building  is  erected  was  a  garden,  on  the  4tii  July 
last,  the  bricks  witli  v.-liich  it  is  biu'i  were  clay, 
and  tlie  timber  uscdin  its  construction  was  growing 
in  the  weods  on  that  day.  The  halls  of  the  two 
houses  are  spacious  and  convenient,  with  all  tlie  ne- 
cessarj'  committee  rooms,  &.c.  The  citizens  deserve 
great  credit  for  providing  this  scccmmodation  ftn* 
the  national  legislature,  depri\ed  of  its  proper 
place  of  meeting  by  a  barbarism  unknown  to  thft 
.history  of  civilized  nations.] 

The  veverend  Mr.  Glendy  is  appointed  chaplain 
to  the  senate. 

Mmdaii,  Dec.  11.  INIany  petitions  were  presented 
and  i-eferred.  They  were  chiely  for  pensiona,  and 
indemnific:uions  fir  servire.s  i:i  or  losses  susisiiicd 
during  the  war.  Among  the  former  v/aa  that  of  a 
poor  fellow  wounded  at  Dartmoor.  Several  petitions 
were  also  received  praying-  the  abolition  of  tliC  du- 
ties on  s.iddlerj',  mall  liquor,  boots,  ccc.  [all  which 
it  appears  it  is  contemplated  by  government  to  re  • 
peal.] 

Mr.  Hopkinson  and  Mr.  Sargeant  respectively 
presented  pelilions  from  .lundn'  citizens  of  Pliiia- 
deiphia  concerned  in  manufacturing  establishments, 
prayirig  that',*  standing  committee  may  be  appoint- 
ed, "-vv-hose  province  and  duty  ii  shall  be  to  walcli 
over  tiie  interests  of  our  manufactvu'ing  citizen.^, 
tliere  not  appea.  ing  to  the  »uemoi-ialist!i  any  picpric- 
ty  in  the  reference  of  the  subjects  of  commerce  and 
manufactures  to  the  same  comniitiee  ;"  wiiicii  pe- 
titions were  referred  to  a  coniinittee  of  the  whole 
iiouse. 

A  petition  was  presented  from  the  New-York  ma- 
nufacturing company,  praying  that  the  importation 
of  cotton  gooils  of  a  coarse  textiu-e,  be  absolutely 
or  virt'ially  forbid, 

Various  propositions  were  submitted  which  shall 
be  noticed  iii  their  progress. 

Mr.  Taylor,  of  N.  Y.  from  the  committee  of  elec- 
tions, made  a  report  on  the  petition  of  Westtl  Wil- 
loughby,  Jun,  contesting  the  eleciion  of  ^Villiam  S. 
Smitli,  a  member  returned  to  serve  in  this  Iiouse 
fiotn  New-York  state. 

T!;e  report  states  it  to  I.-e  ascertained  to  tl>.c  sa- 
Li.sfaciioa  of  tlie  committee,  IJiat  tiie  wi>'ne  number 
of  votes,  given  in  tiie  district,  whicii  is  composed  of 
of  tlie  counties  of  .Madison  and  llerkiincr,  v.ms  oijy:*; 
of  which  2510  was  retui-ned  for  William  S.  Sinith; 
3'C6for  Westel  M'ilioMghby,  jim.  ;  30'J  for"WesUl 
Wiiloughhy,"  and  seven  scatteriiig  votes-;  tliat  i'.  m 
prov^^d,  the  error  or'  t!ie  omis.sion  of  the  -ivorvl  '/«• 
•;/>/)•'  to  a  part  of  the  returns  \y;.s  committed  by  the. 
retiu'ning  ofHcers,  the  votes  having  in  fact  been  giv- 
en for  \V  estci  Willotiglihj",  junior.  The  committee 
recoJiimend  that  Mr.  ij.aith's  seat  be  vacated,  and 
I  lal  Mr.  Willoughby  be  declared  eniilled  >o  his 
;Cat 

'I'he  report  was  refcncd  to  a  committee  of  tiie. 
wliolc  hoirse. 


296    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815. 


The  speaker  laid  before  tlie  house  a  letter  from 
the  secretary  of  war,  trajisiniting-  a  list  of  speciiic 
a]3propriations,  transferred  from  one  object  to  ano- 
tlicr  during  the  late  war,  &c.  wliich  was  referred  to 
tiie  committee  of  ways  and  means. 

Tuesday,  Bee.  12. — The  following:  members  ap- 
peared this  day,  viz  : — Fr^m  New  York,  Mr.  Cady; 
from  Maryland,  Mr.  Goldsboroug-h;  from  Virg-iuia, 
Mr.  Basset;  and  from  Kentucky,  Mr.  Hardin. 

The  report  of  the  committee  of  elections,  on  the 
contest  id  election  of  \Vm.  S.  Smith,  by  West  el  Vv^il- 
loughby,  jun.  was  taken  up  in  committee  of  the 
whole;  and  after  being  reported  to  the  house,  tlie 
case  was  sp  clear,  the  report  was  concurred  in 
without  opposition.  The  scat  of  Col.  Smith  is 
therefore  vacated,  and  Mr.  AVilloug-liby  declared 
duly  elected  and  entitled  to  a  seat. 

A  great  many  petit  ions  on  various  subjects  were 
jiresented  and  referred,  &c. — Nothing  else   done. 

JVedncsdat/,  Bee.  13. — The  speaker  laid  before  the 
house  a  letter  from  Nathaniel  Macon,  Esq.  notify- 
ing- his  election  to  the  senate  of  the  United  SLates 
by  North  Carolina,  and  resigning  his  seat  as  a  re- 
presentative. 

5'  The  fullovving  new  members  appeared  tliis  day 
viz  :  from  Massacl-usetts,  Mr.  Mills;  from  New- 
York,  Mr.  Kent;  from  Delaware,  ISIr.  Clayton;  from 
Pennsylv.iniu,  Mr.  Griffin. 

Thur.iday,  Dec.  14,  v/as  occupied  like  yesterday  in 
receiving  and  referring  petitions,  8cc.  and  transact- 
ing cthei*  mhior  busincs.^. 

Fridai!,  Dec.  15.  Mr.  Jacksmi,  from  Virginia, 
appeared  and  took  his  seat. 

A  number  of  petitions  were  presented  and  dis- 
posed of. 

Mr.  Ln-^i-mles,  from  tlic  committee  of  ways  arid 
means,  reported  a  bill  making  additional  ayopropri- 
ations  for  defraying  the  expences  of  the  army  and 
militia,  durhig  the  years  ISl^  and  1815.  Tliis  bill, 
which  was  accompanied  by  a  letter  from  the  secre- 
tary of  war  on  the  subject  thereof,  was  twice  read 
and  committed. 

A  letter  was  received  from  tlje  secretary  of  the 
navy,  transmitting  a  statement  of  tJie  application 
of  the  monies  appropi'i:.tcd  for  tlie  n.avy  establish- 
ment, for  the  year  ending  tlie  50l)i  December  last, 
inclusive,  and  of  tlie  unexpended  balances  of  fjr- 
mer~ appropriations;  which  was  ordered  to  be  print- 
ed. 

Munday,  Bee.  18.  Viv.Enstan  offered  for  consi- 
deration, a  resolution,  the  object  of  which  was  to 
appoint  a  select  committee  to  enquire  into  tljc  ei- 
pediency  of  changing  tlie  mode  of  leasing  the  lead 
mines  in  the  Missom-i  territory,  in  such  manner  as 
to  sectu'e  tlie  lessees  in  tlie  quiet  enjoyment  of  their 
leases,  and  to  enable  tlie  govei-nment  to  realize  a 
revenue  therefrom. 

Mr.  Yancey  propfised  so  to  amend  tlie  motion  as 
to  refer  the  subject  to  tlie  committee  on  public 
lands;  when,  on  motion  of  Mr.  IJobertson  (who 
tliought  of  including  the  suit  springs  in  the  enqui- 
ry) the  resolve  was  ordered  to  lie  on  the  table. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Lowndes, 

The  house  resolved  itself  into  a  committee  of  tlie 
riiole,  Mr.  Yancey  in  the  chair,  on  the  bill  making 
additional  appropriations  for  defraying  the  cx]-,en- 
ces  of  the  army  and  militia  during  the  years  1811 
and  1815. 

]Mr.  Lo-,vndes  explained  briefly  tlie  object  of  the 
bill.  The  deficiency  in  the  present  year's  appro- 
priations, ai-ose  from  the  error  in  estimatiiig  the 
expense  at  four  millions  only,  barely  enough  for  the 
support  of  ten  thousand  men,  when  in  fact  for  the 
principal  part  of  tl)e  two  first  quarters  of  the  yeai-' 


more  than  four  times  that  number  ought  to  have 
been  provided  for.  The  deficiency  of  the  preceding 
years,  it  was  well  known,  was  caused  by  the  heavy 
xpences  of  large  det.ochments  of  .Militia  exceeding 


e: 


£-~,..^»_^    vj^,       Afc*i  ^  ^     vt—.t.i.*<^,  iijiiw  m...j     VI     i»Aij.i.  Lilt    V  -iv^v-  \-»-llllt: 

the  estimate  which  had  been  made,  &c.  Mr.  L.  hand- 
ed  to  the  chair,  for  the  hiformation  of  the  house, 
the  following  letter  from  the  paymaster  of  the  ai-- 
ray  to  the  Secretary  of  war,  which  was  read  : 

'  ARAIT  PAY  OFFICE, 

Vliy  of  IVashivq-ton,  Dec.  16th,  1815. 
Sir — From  the  best  calculations  T  iiave  beif'n  able 
to  make,  the  deiiciency    of  appropriations  for   the 
rc^ndar  military  estdblishment  for  the  year  1814,  may 
be  estimated  at  800,000  dollars,  namely. 
On  account  o^ pay,  615,000 

On  account  nf  subsistence  of  officers,    in- 
cluding their  private  servants,  8.5,000 
0)1  account    of   retained  bounties    to   re- 
cruits,                                                                 100,000 

^800,000 
And    for    the  year    1815,    at   1,700,000    dollars 

nameh', 

On  account  of  j&o^,  1,350,000 

On  account  of  the    subsistence  of  officers, 

including  their  private  servants,  150,000 

On    account    of  retained    bounties  to  re- 
cruits, 300,000 


^1,700,000 
Forming  an  ag'greg-ate  arrearage  for    tliese  two 

years  of  2,500,000  dollars,  viz  : 

On  account  of />a?/,  1,865,000 

On  account  of  the  subsistence    of  officers, 

as  above  mentioned,  235,000 

On  account  oi  retained  bounties,  400,000 


;g2,500,000 
A  further  sum  of  3,500,000  dollars,  is  also  estimat- 
ed to  meet,  in  part,  the  outstanding  claims  of  mi- 
litia, volunteer.^  and  Indian  warriors,  heretofore  cal- 
led into  the  service  of  tlic  United  States,  exclusive, 
however,  of  the  claims  of  certain  states  for  expen- 
ditures u[K>n  their  militia,  wliich  are  not  yet  duly 
recognized  on  the  part  of  the  United  States.  It  may 
be  classed  as  follows  : 

On  accoiuit  of  pay,  3,095,000 

On  account  of  the  subsistence  of  officers, 

including  their  private  servants,  265,000 

On  account  oi' forage  of  the  horses  of  offi- 
cers, only  60,000 
On  account  of  the  clothing  of  officers'  pri- 
vate servants,                                                    80,000 


^3,500,000 
To  give  3  ou  a  mt^i-e  condensed  view  of  the   pre- 
ceding statements,  the  following  recapitulation  is 
submitted  : 


Pay  of  regular  trooiis, 
Pay  of  militia,  &,c. 


1,865,000 
3,095,000 


Subsistence  of  regular  troops,      235,000 
Subsistence  of  militia,  &c.  265,000 


4,960,000 


500,000 
60,000 
80,000 


Foriige  of  militia,  &c. 
Clothing  of  militia,  &c. 
lletained  bounties  to  recruits  for  the  re- 
gular service,  400,000 


5^6,000,000 
1  am  very  respectfully,  sir,  your  most  obedient 
serv;int,       "        ROBER'i'  BRENT,  P.  M.  U.  S.  A, 
I'liehon.  William  H.  Ckawfouh, 
Secretary  of  War. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


297 


950,000 

5,617,000 

2,810,372 

60,000 

108,000 

400,000 

100,000 

200,000 

140,000 

dePraytng- 

'dur- 


an  motion  of  Mi\  Lo-mdes,  the  blanks  in  the  bill 
were  so  filled  as  to  embrace  the  follo\vin£y  nppro- 
priations  ; 

For  tlie  Quarter  Master's  Department, 
For  the  Pay  of  tlie  Army  and  Militia, 
For  the  subsistence  of  do. 
For  forag'e, 
For  clothing-, 

For  bounties  and  premiums, 
For  the  Medical  and    Hospital  Depart- 
ments, 
For  fortifications. 
For  the  Ordnance  Department, 

Tlie  bill  so  amended    as    to  read    for 
tspences  incurred  during  the  v.'ar,  instead  of 
ing-  the  years  1814  and  1815,"  was  i^assed. 

Tursdiuj,  Bc'c.  19.  A  number  of  petitions  were 
presented  and  distributed  among- the  several  stand- 
ing committees. 

A  letter  was  received  from  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  transmitting-  the  annual  statement  of  im- 
ports during  the  preceding  year ;  which  was  refer- 
red to  the  committee  of  ways   and  means. 

The  motion  of  Mr.  Easto7i  respecting  the  Mis- 
souri Lead  Mines,  oliered  yesterda)-,  was  taken  up, 
modified  in  its  language  and  agreed  to. 

Wednesday,  Dec.  20.  Mr.  Birdseye  of  New  York, 
and  Mr.  M'Kee,  from  Kentucky,  appeared  and  toolc 
then*  scats. 

After  the  reference  of  several  petitions — 

IMr.  Jo/fHso^.  of  Ky.  from  the  military  committee 
reported  a  bill  "  for  tlie  relief  of  the  infirm,  disa- 
bled and  superannuated  officers  and  soldiers  of  tlie 
revolutionary  war,  the  late  war  and  of  the  army  of 
the  United  States  for  the  time  being ;"  which  was 
twice  read  and  committed. 

TImrKdutj,  Dec.  21.  Mr.  ^lason,  of  il.  IsLand,  and 
Mr.  Wendover,  from  N.  York,  appeared  and  took 
•(heir  seats. 

Mr.  Hulbci't  presented  the  petition  of  a  committee 
appointed  by  the  breeders  of  mermo  sheep  and 
manufacturers  of  fine  woollen  cloths,  residing  in 
the  county  of  Eerkshire,  Mass.  praying  that  such 
measures  may  be  ado]oted,  as  will  afibrd  security 
and  encouragement  to  tlie  enterprize  in  which  they 
■were  engaged. 

Many  other  petitions  were  presented  and  referred 
— among  them  one  from  certain  citizens  of  P!;iludcl- 
phia,  pra}ingtlic  estahlislnnent  of  a  JVar/o^iu/  Buitk. 

(j^'The  senate  has  been  chiefly  occuiiicd  in  what 
is  called  "executive  business,"  since  the  commence- 
ment of  the  session. 


Foreiun  Articles. 

A  probability  is  held  out  that  the  Turku  have 
granted  favorable  terms  to  the  Sen'imm  and  that 
nostilities  have  ceased.  The  report  of  an  insvu'rec- 
tion  at  Smvi-na is  contradicted;  but  a  i  •  solt  has  taken 
place  at  Cairo,  in  Egypt,  whicii  has  been  followed 
by  gTcat  excesses.  V'Ae,  phigue  rages  with  increas- 
ed force  at  (Constantinople,  in  consequence  of  the 
jfreat  concourse  of  people  at  the  festival  of  IJairam. 

Among  the  passengers  who  lately  arrived  at  New- 
York  from  France,  was  col.  Antonia  baron  de  Uel- 
lina,  a  Pole,  late  equerry  to  Na])oleon,  a  comman- 
dant of  a  regiment  of  Poli.sh  hmcei-s.  He  Iiad  been 
2'2  years  in  the  French  service,  made  all  tiie  cam- 
paigns with  Napoleon,  accompanied  lum  to  Kiba, 
and  would  have  followed  his  fortunes  to  St.  Hcieua, 
but  the  English  government  would  not  permit  him. 

Depressir.-.i  of  agiiculture. — We  stated  in  the  Rk- 
«i»rfiK,  of  tlie  2d  i;)stant,tinit,  with  wheat  at  %'2  per 
bustiel,  the  English  farmers  were  hardimt  to  it  to 


"keep  soul  and  body  together"— that  ruin  was  star-    ' 
ingthern  in  the  face.  In  a  late  paper  we  published  an 
abstract  of  the  corn  law,  p.assed  by  parliament  to 
protect  them.     There  is  a  volume  in  these  simple 
facts  ;  and  a  late  London  paper  says — 

"ft  is^calculated  that  not  fewer  than  a  million  of 
acres  of  tillage  land  lie  at  this  time  in  an  unculti- 
vated state,  from  the  extreme  depression  of  tlie 
landed  interest;  3000  acres,  which  compose  two- 
tliirds  of  the  parish  of  Yelling,  in  Cambridgeshire,  is 
in  this  state,  paying,  in  c<msequence,  neither  pro- 
perty tax,  tythe,  or  parochial  rate  of  any  kind." 

A  treaty  has  been  concluded  between  Denmark 
and  Prussia,  by  which  the  former  cedes  to  the  latter 
tiie  duc'ny  of  Pomerania  and  the  island  of  Rugen, 
acquired  by  treaty  from  Sweden;  in  exchange  for 
which,  Prussia  cedes  to  Denmark  the  duchy  of  Lu- 
nenburg, acquired  from  Hanover  by  the  treaty  of 
Vienna.  By  this  exchange,  Denmark  acquires  a 
territory  contiguous  to  llolstem,  and  extends  her 
boundary  to  the  Elbe. 

Fate  of  Murat.  We  have  a  detailed  accovint  of 
the  proceedings  and  end  of  "Joachim  Napoleon," 
late  king  of  Naples.  It  is  well  recollected  that  in. 
May  last  he  fled  from  Naples  to  France — from 
thence,  after  the  battle  of  Mount  St.  Jolm,  he  retir- 
ed to  Corsica.  Here  he  attempted  to  make  a  stand, 
and  enlisted  in  Ajaccio  about  600  men.  With  a 
part  of  these  he  left  the  island  in  several  small  ves- 
sels, on  the  28th  of  September,  and  landed  at  Pizzo, 
in  Calabria  Ulterior.  He  there  declared  himself 
then-  king,  and  culled  upon  the  people  to  rally 
round  him.  Kiit  instead  of  t'.iat,  they  armed  them- 
selves as  well  as  they  could — a  desperate  skirmish 
ensued,  and  Murat  and  his  principal  followers,  af- 
ter fighting  most  manfully,  were  overpowered  and 
made  prisoners.  He  was  brought  before  a  military 
tribunal,  and  shot  at  Pizzo  on  the  13th  of  October. — 
Four  of  the  six  small  vessels  that  composed  his  ex- 
pedition, v.'ere  captured  by  the  Ne;;politau  gun- 
boats, stationed  for  the  piu-pose,  of  which  it  appears 
the  government  was  apprised.  The  party  that  ac- 
tually landed  with  Murnt,  were — general  France- 
sclietti;  marshal  Nutali;  captains  Lanfranchi,  Viag- 
gi.iui,  Pasqualini,  deputy  inspector  Calvini;  lieut. 
Midtedo;  sergeants  Periili,  S:irtarelli,  Catania,  San- 
tiiii,  and  Pellegrini;  corporal  De  Ciulio;  two  cham- 
berlains Armanno  and  I'oggi;  one  cook;  blacksmith; 
and  about  12  soldiers. 

We  have  London  dates  of  Oct.  27.  Nothing  im- 
portant is  mentioned,  except  an  iiici-eased  and  in- 
creasiiig  discontent  in  the  people  of  France.  A 
great  many  arrests  are.m.ade,  antl  the  most  vigorous 
■-(ud  arbitral-}' measures  resorted  to,  to  keep  down 
tlie  "seditious."  Some  of  the  Prussian  tix)opshave 
returned.  VVlio  is  there  is  in  France  to  head  the 
people  and  drive  out  tlie  foreigners  that  lord  it  ever 
the  counti-}'  and  make  the  king  a  i)uppet? 

Louis  XVllI  has  establisiied  a  privy  council  t» 
"discuss  onh'  what  is  specially  subiij'itted  to  them." 
Among- those  named,  are  the  mrn'shal  Oudinot,  duke 
of  Ileggio;  tiie  fluke  of Feltie;  mavshal  Macdonald, 
dulvC  ofTarentiini;  couiU-s  Marbois  andDu2:)ont,  and 
prince  Talleyrand. 

They  talk  in  England  that  the  bank  may  resume 
its  specie  payments.  The  guinea  is  said  to  be  worth 
only  21-S-. — that   is,  at  par. 

"Dkhvekf.d."  Jh-;^lgcto-vit,  Barbad'jes,  Oct.  10. 
At  a  court  of  vice-admiralty  held  yestci-day,  a  num- 
ber ef  vessels,  taken  by  the  army  and  navy  at  the 
late  conquest  of  Cuadaloupc,  were  condemned  as 
prizes;  also  sundry  vessels  taken  befi^re  by  the 
squadron  on  tins  station. 

KitH  cAHiio.     Cadiz,  Oct.  6.     There  has  just  ar- 


2^3     NILES'  WEfiKLY  REGISTI^R— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815, 


Rived  at  lliis  port  :i  Spanish  fi'igate  crJieti  the  Prenve 
iror.i  A'era  Cm  und  tlie  fl..v:;niir.,  in  47  d->ys.  Her 
carg-o  is  2,lo6,  >02  piasters — 23,890,  unotlier  con- 
sjg'tmient  ;  486,255  marcks  of"  silver  in^^ots  and 
Worked  ;  14-73  marcks  of  provincial  money  ;  1491 
ounces  of  gold  money  ;  2595  arobes  of  ;-r;;na  ;  64,875 
cochineal  ;  ::11  from  Vera  Cruz  and  970U  piiis.ers 
from  Havanna,  and  a  quantity  of  IL.vanna   tob.xco. 

Londfm,  Oct.  16. — Tlie  following'  is  a  copy  of  a  let- 
ter from  lord  Sidniouth  to  the  mryor  of  Ne«--Cas- 
tle:  If  hitphall,'  Oct  19,  1315. 

"Siw — As  the  hopes  which  had  been  entertained, 
of  a  favorul)le  terminaticm  of  t)ie  di.stui-bances  at 
Shields  and  Sunderland,  and  of  the  seamen  eng-ag-- 
cd  in  tl'.em,  to  a  state  of  obedi«iK;e  to  tiie  laws,  have 
proved  fallacious,  I  am  communded  by  tlie  prince 
Teg'ent  to  sig-nifyto  you  his  royal  hijfhncss'  pleasure, 
th,atyou,  and  tlie  maii:istrates  witliinyour  jurisdic- 
tion, do  forthwith  adopt,  in  concert  with  the  rnag'is- 
"  "    - ...  -  ^^^^    ^j. 


■  'le  United  States  with  desp.itches  on  the  10th    of 
July. 

The  Wftbhing'ton  74  is  Said  to  sail  and  work  re^* 
miu-kably  weli.     This  s'il;>  nas  arrived  at  Boston, 

Arrived  sit  C-Juebec,  on  the  23d  ult.  the  Rrirish 
sliip  Archduke  Oiiarles,  from  Portsmouth,  (E'.?.) 
with  al'jras,  ;.iid  on^  hundred  cnul  J^fhi Jive  officers  uiul 
■men,  of  the  lOod,  76vh,  19: h,  70rh,'and  ohh  rciji- 
ments. 

The  Vr'AS^-  suxk.  From  the  J\'orfolk  Becicim.—' 
>7otwithstanding'  the  reports  which  we  have  here-' 
lofore  published,  a  convcrnjJion  with  an  oincei-  of 
the  first  rank  and  resj>eccabiiiiy  in  tlie  navy,  per^ 
mils  us  to  entertain  no  doubiS  ofite  loss  of  the  U. 
States  sloop  ofwar  Wwsp,  ;uid  thaV  her  end  w.vS  as 
j-floriods  as  her  cruize  h<«d  been  brilliant. 

All  readers  of  newspapers  must  recollect  that  a- 
bout  a  year  ;.§■(),  there  was  an  account  of  a  I?ritis!^ 
frig'ate  putting' int(;  Cadiz  much  cut  to  pieces,  ami 
one  imudred  m.cn  killed  and    wounded  ;  reporiing" 


trates  of  North  Shields,  of  South  Shields,    an 

S'-mderland,  the   most  effectual  means   within  tlie  j  her  having  hal  an  engagement  with  a /ar^c 

scope  of  their  authority,  for  the  purpose  of  jnittingifa?*  Frigate  off  that  port. 


an  end  to  these  criminal  and  disgraceful  proceed- 


illETS. 


"A  considerable  naval  and  military  force  is  col- 


It  v.as  kno^^^aat  the  time  that  we  had  no  Trigate 
in  that  quarter,  and  that  tlie  Wasp  was  believed  to 
l>e  crui,?ing  in  that  neigliborhood  ;  but   little   was 


lected  and  stationed  on  the  spot,  with  a  vicv.'of  at- 1  thought  or  said  about  it  at  tlie  time,  as  the  report 
fording  support  and  assistance  to  the  magistrates,  was  not  generally  credited.  We  now  learn,  from 
if  necessary,  in  tlie  execution  of  a  duty  which  is  in-  a  source  which  cannot  be  dotibted,  that  there  wa«" 


dispensable  and  which  his  ro}al  higlmess  confident- 
ly trusts  and  expects  will  be'duly  perfomied. 

"I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  most  obedient 
humble  servant. 

(Signed)  "^SIDMOUTII. 

"The  worshijjful  the  mayor  of  ^ 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne'."         3 

A  letter  to  the  s.une  effect  was  sent  to  the  duke 
«f  iVorthumberland,  and  to  the  bishop  of  Durham  as 
i;otuionmi  custos  of  the  county  of  Durlumi. 

[Our  last  advices  from  Engfand  say  that  the  sea- 
men Lad  become  quiet,] 


CIIROI^ICLE. 

C7(flr/es  ^/r/j-e/// (of  llfimptcn)  has  been  elected 
g-ovcrnor  of  ^.laryi.md,  by  a  majoriry  of  2  TOtes  ir. 
joint  ballot — for  Mr.  R.  fed.  47 — Mr.    Bowie,  rep 


an  action  between  a  British  Frigate  of  tlie  largest 
cl-ass,  and  an  American  Ship,  and  tliat  it  was,  un- 
doubtedly, the  Vv'asp. — Lieut.  Conkling-,  wlio  com-^ 
m.Tuded  the  schr.  (3hio,  one  of  couimodore  Sin.' 
clair's  squadron,  on  Liike  Erie,  and  who  was  cap- 
tured in  August,  1S14,  off  Fort  Erie,  and  sent  to 
England,  has  lately  reported  himself  to  his  com- 
manding ofHcer  ;  to  whom,  it  appears,  he  related^ 
having  met  with  one  of  the  Lieutenants  who  was 
oil  board  the  above  mentioned  Frigate  ;  and  was 
informed  by  him,  that  the  Ship  they  engaged  wats" 
not  a  Fi'igate,  as  was  stated ;  and  that  his  com* 
m.mder,  as  well  as  every  pei'son  on  bo.U'd,  co'dd  see 
by  lier  battle  lanthorns  being-  lighted,  and  from  thft 
rta;  l^es  of  her  gi'.Ms,  that  she  was  a  Corvette  Ship, 
Qiounting  22  guns ;  c-nd  that  tliey  believed  tliem*' 
selves,  it  was  no  other  than  the  Wasp  ;  but,  afteiJ'i 
45.  The  house  of  delegates  vacated  the  seat  ofjbebig  so  gaiiantly  beaten  off,  and  having  suffered, 
one  republican  member,  and  there  was  one  of  each  so  ^ei'erely,  they  were  reh.ctnnt  to  acknowledge 
party  absent,  throiig-li  indi.;posi',ion.  The  cotir.cii  I  how  inferior  the  force  wa.s,  v/hich  inflicted  such 
is  also  federal  by  tl'.e  like  majority.  It  ;>ppears  that;  severe  chastisement  on  them.  It  appears,  by  tli6' 
overy  indicn.tion  of  hostility  in  the  Creek  Indians!  Lieutenant's  own  account,  that  the  action  lasted 
has  .subsided.  TJie  regular  troops  that  were  msrch-l  several  hours  ;  that  the  Frigate  sheered  of!"  to  re- 
iiig  for  their  country  hr.ve  been  halted.  Amor.g'fr.,  intending,  if  circumstances  would  admit  of  it, 
the  curiosities  of  the  times,  we  observe  \\\i\X  cotton  to  renew  tiie  action  at  day-liglit,  which  was  not  far 
ts  sliipping  at  JVew  York  for  C'/.«7-/e.3/f/H,  und  at  di.st.int;  but,  a^  iiS  earliest  dawn,  here  was  no  ves' 
which  latter  place  a  vessel  has  arrived  from  F?i£^  tige  of  tlieir  gallant  opponent.  From  the  crippled 
''and  w'lih  rum  urA  moi'dsxes.  Sea-island  cotton  being  I  state  of  the  ships,  and  the  short  time  intervtniag 
»5  cents  at  C/i«r/rAfo/(,  and  worth  oiilv  4-5  itt  New- jbetvveen  their  separation  and  day-light,  the  Lieu- 
York,  and,  to  appreciate  the  value  properly  it  isjtemuit  believed  it  inipos»iible  that  they  could  oav^ 
uecessary  "  as  the  tiines  go"  to  scate,  tliat  the  mo-|bce!i  out  of  sig.'it  of  each  ouier  had  their  opponent 
nies  of  botli  cities  are  about  at  par.      One  of  theSbeon  above  water. 

elegant  cotton  mills  belonging  to  tlie  Union  I\Ianu- 1  [The  above  account  essentially  coincides  with 
ikciu:4ng  Compi.ny ,ofM..ty land,  near  B.'dtimore,  was 'the  opinions  ofilie  best  informed  naval  men  about 
burnt  to  the  ground  on  Wednesday  he  13th  inst.  by! the  seat  of  gavcrnmeut,  who  generally  agiee  in  the 
accident.  It  was  one  of  tiie  most  complete  milts  m  'belief  that  the  Wa.-^p  was  the  ves.sfl  engaged  by  tlift 
the  U.  S.  and  drove  about  6iX'^  .'.pindlcs.  Tiie  lossi  British  frigate  above  .dhided  to  ]  —.Vnt.  Ifite'. 
is  estimated  at  6j  to  S70,(J(;0,  and  ii  ihrows  about j  .\'orLh  Carolina.  Tiic  following  resoai'ion  of 
2e)0  per.sono  out  of  cmpiuyment.  Another  cotton  I  thar.ki;  to  the  Pi  esideni  of  the  U.  S^iaies,  (says  the 
mill,    valued  at    g2a,UUu"  Was    recently    burnt  at  Italdgh   tieHitev)   passed   the  Hou^c  of  Commons 


Springfield,  N.  J 

J^i.test  of  the  Epervicr.       By  a  vessel   amved  at 
©haneston,  we  learn  that  the  (^pervicr,  was  seen  or 


yesterdav — 76  to  51. 

JfesoLved,  Tiiat  the  firmness,  energy  and  wi'sdoTB 
wliich  have  char.vcterized   .  e  piitilic  cond'^c*^  of  the 


the  6ih  of  Aug.in  lat.  39  -a!/,  long.  61,  lo  ,VV.  un-!Pjeoidcnt  of  v.i:-  !;,-.iied  S  ''es  duiing  'i.e  .atear- 
vicr  double  reefed  topsails.  T!ie  next  day  thereidv-'.-us  contest  of  oui  country,  .md  his  pron-pt  ac- 
was  a  vcr%  heavy  bigw,      Th.*  Epcrvier  sailed.  ibr|cepiance  ar.dratilicati'jn  of  an  iioiKjrable  treaty,  e«- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE-. 


2§9 


titliE  him  to  tJie  gratitude  and  thanks  of  Utc  Legis- 
lature. 

John  IV.  Eppes.  wlio  was  appointed  a  senator  of 
the  U.  S.  by  tlie  lepfislatvu'e  of  Virg-inia,  wee  Mr. 
■Giles  resig-ned,  haa  declined  the  office,  as  lie  states 
in  a  letter  to  the  sneaker  of  the  house  of  deleg-ates, 
on  account  of  the  '  "  present  deplorable  comlition 
of  his  health."     Mi-.  Eppes  appears  to  be    exceed- 


ingly unwell. 


Nathaniel  Afacon  has  been  appointed  a  senator 
of  the  United  States  by  North  Carolina,  vice  Mv. 
Lock  resisted,  or  account  of  ill  healtli. 

Al'riers.  AVe  have  a  report,  to  which  hardly /»«.?- 
iibiUty  (.from  many  circumstances)  can  be  attached, 
that  the  Algerines  have  cut  off  the  head  of  the  dey 
for  making:  peace  with  the  United  States — declared 
war  aj?ainst  us,  and  captured  two  American  vessels. 
We  h:ive  some  '^  connerr'ators  of  the  peace" 'm\.\\e 
>Iediierranean— 2     frigates,  and   several  sloops  of 

tirar. 

Flaxseed.  The  quantity  of  flaxseed  sown  last 
year  in  L-cland,  is  said  to  have  exceeded  50,009 
hhds. 

Gen.  Jackson.  An  entertainment  was  recently 
given  at  Alexandria,  in  honor  of  the  hero  of  New- 
Orleans.  Maiiv  invited  guests  of  distinction  attend- 
ed. The  following  volunteer  toast  w:ts  given,  on 
the  occasion,  by  captain  Porter.- 

"J3tiU:mr,re—sUe  gives  gravesj  to  her  invaders;  to 
Iier  defenders,  a  monument." 

The  treatt.  From  the  .Xational  IntelU^enccr  of 
*rhiirsdiii/.  We  have  heard  and  believe,  though  the 
proceedings  thereon  have  not  been  disclosed,  that 
tlie  commercial  treaty  with  Great  BritJn  received 
ihe  necessary  consent  of  the  senate  on  Tuesday,  by 
-an  almost  unanimous  vote. 

tj=-Several  of  the  London  papers  have  been  loud 
in  tlieir  complaints  of  this  convention;  and  we, 
therefore,  suppose  it  is  on  the  principles  of  reci- 
procitii;  which  modest  John  Bull  always  thinks  is  a 
great  concession  on  his  part! 

The  Canada  papers  complain — that  the  specie  is 
jiijing  back  to  the  states."  As  it  went  from  us  by 
smuggling'  and  treason,  it  is  right  that  it  should  re- 
tiUTi  by  fair  trade. 

The  British  colonies.  It  appears  resolred,  that  all 
intercourse  with  the  British  colonies,  tiie  carriage 
of  a  few  unimportant  articles  excepted,  shall  be  con- 
fined to  Britisli  shipping.  The  British  are  more 
bothered  to  know  wiiat  to  do  with  their  seamen  in 
peace,  than  they  were  to  get  them  in  war. 

The  glass  manufacturers  lately  arrested  at  Liver- 
pool, have  given  bonds  in  .£60  each,  not  to  depart 
for  America. 

JMistake  corrected.  It  has  been  stated,  that  when 
eom.  Bahibridge  anchored  at  Gibraltar  he  fired  a 
salute  of  seventeen  guns  whicli  was  returned  v.'ith 
fifteen  ;  and  the  commodore  immediately  sent  an 
officer  on  shore  to  demand  that  his  salute  should 
fee  returned  gvm  for  gim  ;  and  tliat  more  guns 
..should  be  promptly  lired,  and  that  the  It.  governor 
apologized  and  fired  the  other  two  gims.  We  are 
now  assnred,  from  an  ofncer  of  the  squadron,  that 
#ie  above  report  is  a  sheer  mistake,  or  misrepre- 
sentation. TJie  facts,  we  learn,  are,  Uiut  when  the 
squadron  arrived  at  Gibr;iltar,  an  understanding,  as 
tisual,  was  immediately  had  between  the  commo- 
dore ;md  the  commander  of  the  garrison,  respeci- 
ing  a  salute  ;  and  it  was  agreed  that  fifteen  guns 
should  be  fi?ed,  and  tlie  like  number  returned.  In 
firing  u\e  salute  on  bo.ird  tlie  Lidepentkace,  by  mis- 
take, seventeen  guns  were  fu-ed  ;  when  the  conuno- 
dore  immedi:..tely  dispatched  an  officer  to  acquuiia 
the  commuu'ier  of  the  iRistake.     On+y  ftf-.ecii  gs'.j 


were  at  first  returned  ;  but  before  the  officer  reach^ 
ed  the  commander,  he  had  given  orders  to  fire  the 
two  additional  guns,  though  under  no  agreement  so 
to  do.  We  can  add  from  infori,.;ition  on  which  we 
rely,  that  the  squadron  and  its  officers  were  treated 
with  distinguished  respect  and  attention  by  the- 
Rritish  officers  in  Gibraltar. — livst.  Cent. 

Richmond,  Dec.  13.  On  Friday  last,  a  few  hhds. 
of  new  tobacco,  were  sold  in  this  mai-ket  for  %2^ 
per  cwt.— and  on  Monday  last,  a  hhd.  old  tobacco 
was  sold  for  30  dollars  per  cwt. 

Dec.  15.  Yesterday,  Mr.  John  Randolph,  of  Roan'- 
oke,  brought  into  market  a  small  part  of  his  new 
crop  of  tobacco,  say  17  hhds.  which  was  sold  at 
^30  30  cts.  per  cwt. 

Indian  priso7iers.  I'he  treaty  which  was  conclu- 
ded at  Portage  des  Sioux,  with  tlie  Potto watamie 
Indians  (says  the  Missouri  Gazette)  stipulated  foi" 
the  immediate  restoration  of  prisoners.  In  obedi- 
ence thereto,  they  have  surrendered  up  Mrs.  Can- 
nmi,  her  son-in-law,  and  daughter.  1'heir  friends 
reside  in  Logan  and  Christian  counties,  in  Kei:. 
tucky. 

The  subjoined  letter  from  c  aptam  Philips  to  gen. 
Bissell  is  an  official  statement. 

Fort  Clark,  Sept.  9th,  1815. 

Sin — I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  on, 
the  sixth  inst.  three  American  prisoners,  Jo/, ;t  Stork, 
Abcy  Cannon,  and  daughter,  taken  by  the  Pottawa- 
tamics  on  the  V.'abasli  hi  February  last,  were  de- 
livered into  my  hands.  I  thought  it  advisable  to 
provision  these  people  and  retain  thera  at  this  place, 
until  a  safe  opportunity  occurs  of  reciuning  them 
to  their  friends.  They  are_  in  good  health,  and 
speak  much  of  the  humanity  of  tlie  Indians. 
Respectfully  yours, 

JOSliPlI  PHILIPS,  Capt.  Commd'g. 

Mexico.  E.vcellent  ne-u<s.' — Kingston,  {Jam.)  JVov. 
2.  We  have  at  length  intelligence  direct  from  gen- 
eral Anaya,  at  ilexico.  Tnis  brave  Mexican,  whose 
sang  froid  and  courage  were  equally  remarkable 
dui-ing  the  invasion,  after  liaving  once  experienced 
some  contrariety,  landed  at  L.st  on  the  Mexic.in 
soil,  where  he  was  received  with  the  acclamations 
of  tiie  people,  .and  his  calumniators  arrested  by  or- 
der of  government.  The  supreme  congress  of  the 
republic  has  entrusted  him  with  an  importaJit  mis- 
sion, and  he  will  shortly  repair  to  the  north. 

The  Spaniards  lately  landed  in  Mexico  2500  men 
of  the  famous  expedition  to  the  Spanish  Main.  The 
government  of  Fernando  wished  to  employ  tliis  rc- 
hiforceraent  to  free  the  coiamunication  between 
Tomtico  and  other  points.  The  insurgent  general 
drew  tliem  into  the  interioi-,  and  killed  600  in  ona 
action — a  column  of  200  men,  witli  their  arms  and 
baggage,  jomed  the  independent  standard;  the  rest 
fell  back  to  Xalapa,  where  t.'iey  arrived  reduced  aK 
niost  to  nothing. 

General  Ana3'a  has  sentv.s  a  copy  of  the  Mexican 
constitution,  of  whicli  we  will  give  an  analysis  in<k 
future  number. 

Dr.  Robinson,  who  accompanied  general  Anaya  to 
Mexico,  and  v/as  on  tlie  w.w  with  l.lnito  attend  the 
Mexican  congress,  writes  on  the  lOtli  July,  from 
Huatusco,  (5  or  6  leagues  from  the  city  of  Mexico) 
"V.'e  have  just  received  the  agreeable  news  Uiat  the 
patriots  have  completely  bcaieii  a  division  of  the 
royalists,  in  the  pi'ovince  of  Puebla." 

Vexezukla.  King.s-t(jn,  {Jam  )  J\%t'.  3. — By  a  pas- 
senger arrived  on  Tjcjduv  fioni  Curacoa,  in  the 
Fortanatus,  we  have  received  .a  circumstatitial  de- 
cail  of  the  actual  situation  of  Venezuela,  v/iiich  is 
certLunly   any  thirii;"  than    !;:ii'r  f.;vi;ublc    t<>  tlifc 


300    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTEH— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  23,  1815. 


Matiirin,  fiiiyria,  niid  all  the  savannas  of  Cumaiia 
and  Barcelona,  ai-e  in  the  entire  possession  of  the  in- 
dependents, ;aKl  it  is  presumed,  on  g'ood  grounds, 
that  the  island  of  Margaritla  has,  likewise,  dissolved 
the  \nmatui-al    connection. 

In  the  west  of  Vcneiiucb,  general  Urdinali,  at  the 
head  of  an  army  from  New  Grenada,  lias  possessed 
himself  of  the  provinces  of  Merida,  Trnxillo,  and 
"Rarlnas,  af. era  most  brilliant  career,  terminating- 
with  a  decisive  action,  i'oug-ht  at  Les  Plcdras,  in 
which  battle,  the  Spanish  general  Calgada  was  kill- 
ed. A  spirit  cf  discontent  prevails  in  Cora,  Mara- 
caybo,  and  even  de  la  Hache. 

An  American  vessel  with  1300  bbls.  flour  left  Cur- 
acoa  9  days  a.^o,  for  Cavthng;ena. 

Through  the  same  channel  we  are  made  acquaint- 
ed with  an  insurrection  in  Quito,  tlie  natural  result 
of  the  battle  foug-ht  at  Paj^ayan,  and  success  of  the 
independent  Buenos-Ayreans,  at  Lima,  whose  capi- 
tal was  known  to  be  threatened,  and  must,  by  tliis 
time,  have  fallen. 

>,'t;w  GnT■.^•■ABA.  Cartliageiia,  one  of  tlie  iniited 
provinces  of  the  republic  of  New  Grenada,  wliicii, 
as  the  Spaniards  say,  "God  preserve!" — liuving- 
pTinj-ed  herself  of  traitors  and  tories,  holds  up  ihe 
J!ag  of  freedom  undismayed.  May  it  float  forever 
over  her  walls!  The  royal  force  tjiere  is  nearly  an- 
hih.ilatcd.     "Fen'ah  the.invaders-.'" 

BuKN'os  Athks.  a  warm  friend  of  tlie  VierkJii 
Ee^stei',  at  Bncnus  ^iures  (personally  unknown)  has 
forwarded  to  the  editor  a  file  of  papers  as  late  as 
Sept.  26.  They  do  not  appear  to  contain  any  tiling- 
imiiortap.t,  except  to  shew  the  general  organization 
and  liai-niony  of  tlic  republican  g-overnment;  and, 
thoug-h  no  particulars  of  the  prog-ress  of  the  army 
is  .stated,  we  have  reason  to  believe,  from  several 
addresses,  &c.  that  the  war  against  tiie  royalists 
and  tories  of  J'emi  has  been  successful.  [Hy  another 
soiirce,  v.  e  have  reason  to  hope  that  Lima  had  falieji 
into  tlie  iumds  of  the  whigs.] 

The  Buenofi-Ayres  Gazeiie  extv.a,  of  June  18,  con- 
tains an  official  communication  from  Jose  Jiondeau, 
chief  magistrate  of  Buenos- Ayres,  to  the  Director — 
thankinr  his  excellency  for  his  nomination  1o  the 
chief  magistracy,  fccjiromising  to  co-operate  in  -.my 
sacrifice  for  the  common  good,  &c.  It  concludes  Uuis 
— "if  his';ory  shall  give  a  faithful  account  of  this 
province  to  posterity,  it  will  record  these  words — 
Jmerica  is  free,  respected  and  independent,  because 
immortal  huenos  Jtjres  desired  it,-  because  the  people 
-iuiUed  it;  becaiiee  the  ivfrep'd  r.^arriors  of  the  soii'.h 
supported  it." 

An  artist  of  Tucuman,  in  P;iraguay,  lins  made  ;u-, 
elegant  rifle,  and  presented  it  to  the  Supreme  Di- 
rector of  Buenos- Ayres.  It  is  suggesteil,  that  it 
mav  be  forwarded  to  the  president  of  the  I'nited 
States,  as  the  "first  fruits  of  the  manufLcture  cf 
arms  in  the  South  America." 

Banks.  At  a  meeting  of  the  merchants  of  Pliila- 
dclphiaheld  at  the  Merchants  Cofl^ee  House  on  the 
'i4th  lilt,  after  hearing  a  report  from  a  committee 
theretofore  appointed,t!ie  following  resolutions  were 
passed  unanimously;  and  committees  appointed  to 
curry  them  into  eficct : 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  draft 
a  memorial  to  tlie  Legislature  of  this  state,  praying 
for  a  correction  of  the  evils  (^arising  from  the  nu- 
merous Banking  In.situtious,  and  the  incrtascd  a- 
mount  of  Bank  paper.  . 

Jicsohed,  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  draft 
a  memorial  to  congress,  praying  the  establisliment 
of  a  National  Bank. 

Bnn-isbarrf  Pa.  on  tlie  59th  June,  1810  contained 
299  houses,  82  of  which  was  brickjon  the  same  day 


of  I  .eiuLsrnt  year,  455  liouses,  of  which  146  wer(« 
brick. 

Th:' fu/lijtving  is  the  '''a'eiuler  of  a   Siberian  or   Lap- 
land Yeai'. 
Jime  23 — Snow  melts 


Juh 


1 — Snow  g-one 

9 — Fields  quire  green 


August 


17- 

-Pi: 

.nts 

xt  full  gro^ 

•th 

25- 

-PI: 

lilts  in  flower 

2- 

-Fr 

•alts 

rijie 

10- 

-Pi 

ants 

shed  their 

seed. 

18- 

—Snow 

From  August  18  to  June  23 — Snow  and  Ice. 

IvFLUENK.i. — This  complaint,  which  has  lately 
attlicted,  thov'.gliin  a  lenient  degree,  so  large  a  pro- 
portion of  the  inhabitants  of  our  city,  was  diffused 
more  widely- ;ind  generally  than  heretofore  remem- 
bered. From  Phjiadeiplii-.i  to  Charleston  inclusive, 
if  is  believea  full  oaehalf  of  the  whole  populatioa 
vcre  aflected  by  it. 

In  oiie  of  the  northren  papers,  it  is  .stated  that 
the  following  period,s  have  been  noticed  when  the 
influenza  prevailed  in  North  America: 

1647,  1655,  1697— 8,'  1732,  1737,  1747,  1756— 
7,  1761,  1772,  1781,  1789,  and  90,  1802,  1807, 
1815. 

From  which  it  appears  that  the  longest  interval 
has  been  forty -three  years,  and  tlie  shortest  foiip 
ye.ars,  while  the  average  interval  is  fourteen  years. 

.Tosi-ph  Lancaster.     Hy  an  ai'ticle  from  the  lie/fast 
Recorder,  (observes  Xht  Albany  Esgister)  it  appeai-s  ' 
th,<tt   tiie   Lancastrian  system  of  education  is   pro- 
gTessing  rapidly,    and    with   a   degree    of  success 
beyond  tlie  most  sanguine  expectations  v.iiich  had 
been  formed  of  it.     It  requires  but  little  foresight 
to  j:erceive,  tliat  thii  system  may  yet  be  the  engine 
of  destruction  to  the  Brrish  monarchy,  hierarcjiy  ' 
c.nd    aristocr.xy.      T;,e   article,   above   alluded  to,, 
fi-oin  tiie  Be'fast  Recorder,  says — "  No  wonder  that 
Ml-.  L.uicaster  should  feel  himself  so  exalted  above 
tlie  things  of  this  life.     No  wonder,  that  enthroned 
in  the  1  osoms  of  those_/?r'e  hundred  boys,  whom  he   ' 
so  pathe  ically  and  eloqucntl}^  addressed  on  Satur- 
day, he  should  look  dovin  v>ith  pliilosophlcal  indif- 
ference on  "  the  maces,  the  sceptre  and  the  ball;" 
that  ciowns  sboidd  fade  before  him,  and  the  great   ■ 
<);;es  of  the  world   be  considered  by  him   as  the 
humble  instruments  of    his  gi-eat  and  J^enevoient 
work." 

An  old  hunter.  Died  on  the  5th  Oct.  in  Laurens 
dijii-lct.  South  Carolina,.  IMr.  Solomon  J\lblet,  a.ged 
<,!!e  himdred  arid  forty-three  years.  He  was  born  in 
England,  wiicre  he  lived  until  he  was  19  years  of 
age;  he  then  emigrt.tcd  to  tliis  country,  and  resid- 
ed in  the  state  of  Maryland  until  about  55  years 
ago;  he  then  came  to  tliis  state,  where  he  resided 
imtii  his  death.  He' never  lost  his  teeth  nor  his  eye 
sigiit;  and  a  few  days  before  liis  death,  he  joined  a 
hunting  p;irty,  went  out  and  actually  killed  a  deer.     ' 

iiorcester,  ("»?f<:/ss.J  October  11 — On  Monday,  pre' 
ceding  the  late  Imrricanc,  a  vei-y  large  flock  of  iien- 
hawks  and  Ni'liite-headed  eagles,  consisting  of  not 
Ices  than  5000,  were  seen  by  jiersoiis  in  MiUbuiy 
and  Slirewsbury,  ikying  to  the  eastward. 

Remnri,  able  circumstance. — There  is  a  woman  now 
living  ne.i.r  IMiUer's  lane,  in  Manchester,  with  her 
fifth  husband !  She  is  in  the  30th  jear  of  her  age, 
and  was  a  widow  not  more  than  nine  -veeks  at  a 
time — the  last  tim.e  she  became  a  widow,  it  was 
only  se~oni  tveelcs.  She  lias  had  thirteen  children — 
ami  wiiat  is  more  remi>rkablc,  she  was  mother  of  five 
children,  all  bom  aiive  and  baptised,  before  she 
was    t-icenty  years  of  age.  London  pap. 


( 


NiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER 


X...   18  n?   Vol.   IX.]         liVLTIMOIlE,  SATUitD.VY,  DKUEMBEU  33,  1815.  [whole  !fo.  226 


Hat  olhn  vteminiftac  jiivabit. — Vikgil. 


PRTXTEn  AN!)   PURT^ISTlKTt    HV^   H.   VILES,   NO.   29,   SDUTil  CALTERT-STHEKT,    AT   §.5    PER    ASXUW. 


Peace  Establishinent. 

Tlic  ivholf  mtmber  of  officers  rnotpodng  the  militarff 
peace  e^tahlishynpnl  nf  tlie  United  State",  as  at  pre- 
s^ent  orminizeil  imder  the  prr/r-ixioni  of  the  act  of 
Jtarch  o,  and  veYulations  of  .May  17,  is  as  full  own  : 

2  *I;:ior-(ienerals. 

4  Aids  to  ditto,  captains  of  the  line. 

4  Hrig'adier-g'enerals. 

4  Aids  to  ditto,  subalterns  of  the  line. 

1  Adjutant  and  inspector  general. 

2  Arljutant-g-enerals. 

1  Quarter-master  g-encral. 

1  Deputv-quarter-ma.ster  generals. 
4  Hrig-.  Inspectors,  otHcers  of  the  line 
6  Hospital  svu-o-eons. 

15  Hospital  surgeon's  mates. 

2  Garrison  surgeons. 

20  Gan-ison  svirgeon's  mates. 
2  Judge  advocittcs. 
2  Chaplains. 

1  Apotliecary  general. 

2  Assistant  apothecaries. 

1  Commissary  general  of  purchases. 

2  Deputy  coroiniss.aries. 

6  Assistant  commissaries. 

1  Pay-master  of  the  army. 

2  Deputy  pay-master  generals. 

2  Assist.  dep}\  pay-master  geuer.ils. 
Vnffineers,  ordnance,  artilln^n,  ivfuntiii  and  rife  re- 
giments and  corpx. 

13  Colonels. 

16  Lieutenant-colonels. 
\7  Majors. 

116  Captains. 

116  Fjr\^  lieutenants. 

148  .Second  lieutenants. 

42  Third  lieutenants. 

10  liegimental  surgeons. 

19  liegimental  surgeon's  mates. 
If/"  the  above  subalterns  the  follouing  lOay  be  in  the 

•  Staff. 

14  Adjutants. 
14  Quarter-masters, 
10  Pay-masters. 
32  Conductors  of  artillery 

,!ldJHta7it  and  Innpector  QeneraPs  Office, 
Ddcember  2,  1815. 

GEXERAL  ORDER.S. 

♦  SCASCIES  IX  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  PEACE  BSTABLI9HMEXT. 

Regiment  of  Light  Artillery. 
fs\,  lieutenant  Hight  1st  lieut.  M'Kinney 

Corps  of  Artillery. 
Ittajor  Overton,  2d  lieutenant  Bostwick 

t^aptain  Ton  Howell 

„  Odell,  Pickett 

T&t  lieutenant  Cowa-i  Newkirk 

Font-line  S.  L.  Dana 

ScuUan 
Gra}'son 
Tiirner 
Gray 
Buckley 
Call 
JJ  IMitertant  Yantlev^ntcr 


WharleV 
Wliite  ' 
I.  Ruflin 
-?el  lieutenant  Cromwell 
Chrystie 
Rockwell 
A\''ools<iy 


First  Regiment  of  h{fantry. 
Captain  Davis  1st  lieutenant  Smith 

1st  lieutenant  Doggett      2d  lieutenant  Briggs 
Turner 
Second  Regiment  of  Infantn;. 
Captp/m  Goodall  2d  lieutenant  Chittendartl 

2d  lieutenant  Rol>insoi\  Van  Wyck 

Third  Regiment  of  Infantry. 
Captain  Desha  2d  lieuten.ant  Bayler 

Butler  .1-  Saunder^ 

1st  lieutenant  Gist  Cissna 

Fourth  Regiment  -if  Infantry. 
Captain  Bankliead  1st  lieutenant  Merrick 

Nelson  2d  lieutenant  Sluilen 

Pevton  Comegj'S 

Gilder 
1st  lieutenant  Beckett 

Fifth   Regiment  of  Infantry. 
1st  lieutenant  Ripley 

Ciiandler    2ncl  lieutenant  Robinson 
Sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry. 
Captain  Murdoch  2d  lieutenant 

White 
Seymour 
Crawford 
1st  lieutenant  De  Witt 

Sevnith  Regiment  of  Infantry. 
Lieut,  colonel  Boote  1st  lieutenant  Priestmpn 

Captain  Taylor  Ta}lor 

Chisholm  2d  lieutenant   Brent 

Duvidl  Hedg^ 

1st  lietitenant  Irvine 

Eight  Regiment  of  Infantry. 
1st  lieutenant  Goodwin     2d  lieutenant  Burns 


O'Flin^ 


1st  lieutenant  IngersoU 


Pachin 

Holcomb. 

Andrew-i 

Webster 

Dean 


Fisler 
2d  lieutenant  Stewart 
Brown 
Rijlc 


Meline 
Thomas? 


Regiment. 
2d  lieutenant  Bryan 

Hari-isaT 
Crockett 


Captain  Swcarengen 

Trimble 
1st  lieutenant  Langham 
StitU 

TRAXSTERs.  Capt.i.In  Taylor,  and  surgeon's  roata 
Hill,  of  the  31,  transferred  to  the  4th  infimtry. 

Captain  Bissell,  of  the  3d,  transferred  to  the  89^ 
Infantry. 

Captains  Baker,  l-arrabee,  Orosvenor  and  Green* 
of  the  Stii,  tranferred  to  the  3d  infantry. 

Second  lieutenant  E.  Kirb)-,  corps  of  artillery, 
transferred  to  the  5th  infautrj-. 

Second  lieutenant  R.  Davis,  of  the  3d,  transferretl 
to  the  Istinflmtrv'. 

The  president  of  the  ^Trited  Slates  has  directed 
the  following  selection  of  ofBcers  to  fill  vacancies, 
and  to  complete,  as  far  as  practicable,  at  this  time* 
the  organization  of  the  arniv,  conformably  to  the  act 
of  the' 3  I  March,  1815,  viz': 

For  the  Regiment  of  IJght  Artillery. 
lit  It.  Thomas  Lnniar,        11  Mar.  l8l  j 
Jack  F.  Uoss,  i:0  July    — 

For  the   Corps  of  Artillery. 
Ma).    James  B.anlihei(d        IS  Aiip.  181*    CoLstaff,      »Septlfl5> 
(.'apt.  Moses  Swfvt,  30  Jiiii-^  1807 

SHiiiiOt-rs  Doiioho,        6  July  1812 

0 Capt.l>rev.l3M«r«l5 1«t» 

6 ' 

1  Ott    1813 

29         ■ 

1  ^Uy  ISli 
12  Ap.  r^j  '^ 


Ut  It.  J  D  Hayilei), 
John   Faille)', 
Wiilisiii  Kiii^, 
Thus  t  I.tgate, 
Nalhanicl  Clsvk 


I  2d  It.  iusetiuBM^uV. 


f^02    NILE.S   WIpEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  30,  1815. 

•'•  V  -  9'        ' ^ 

_'."      >    -    fe  .  =: 


3i!  It. 


Jusov''  F.  Pi'iiicc, 

Julm  llL-mU'iijii, 
J.iii.'i's  D.  liiouu, 
Mieiyah  Crii|ipcr, 

>'.  <i.  di:  I.all;05 
Till'  Gitiii,  if. 
Vriii.G.SIiiiii-, 
F.li,!.a  Ri-i.i.iiail, 
11.11    Miiituii 
.J'^iius  irvHi  ■, 
J.  S.  A'l, V 
Jiiiiil*  A'reljer, 
V,'.  S.  yvriisr.i, 
J:iiiii  s  Gigliili^.t. 
f !.  K.  Uraifi  '.ii-icU, 
'.v'.  II.  V.  Wrislu 


C'ant. 
1st  It. 


1  S<  ;',t. 
3  2  Sept. 
i9  Sept. 

1  Oct. 

1  Oct. 

1  Oct.  — 
II  Oct.  — 
22  Nov.  — 
24  Nov.      — 


16  Ap.   1S15 
2(i  Jii!ip    _ 

liAiij,   _     Istlt. 'n-e.     2  May,     1814 
2-1  Jiiuf  1814 
7  July      - 
2,5  1_ 

3'  Atis;.    1814 

'    ^      -  1st  It.biL'vet  1    Seiit  1314 


1st  It.  brevet  1  Sept  1814 


Infantru  . 


AU\>»iL(]i  r  Gn-v  fi   Tulv  1.S12 

Natlia^iaflSiiiili        2g  J^l'v   1„I3 
.l..c'i/)   Whisil  1-  15  Ami;     — 

Htiiiy  bauiidtTS  i4  Juiy   13i4 

For  tha  Second  }if:;-ime!it  "f  Infavtry. 
Cnpt.  Eiihert  GiHy  fi  July     1S12  .M.ijdr  bre.  ''5    Aiip-1913 

n   Mar.  1813   ; st  It  fiivvtt  1 5  Aug    — 


jSlcht^didt  of  the  imnthbj  compcnsatiMi  allo-ved  to  offitersr^ 
&c.  pennavnUiy  and  jjrovidonidly  retuin-^d  un  the 
peucs  establishment  of  the  ar.,.xj,  ugveeably  to  the 
decisions  on  the  laws  in  rdctti'm  to  the  same,  consi- 
dered astn  force  under  the  act  of  the  3d  J'lurch. 
1815,  and  the  rcsridalions  of  the  17 th  May,  1815^ 


iiX  It.   Julin  G,   Mull 


1st  It 
2a  Jt. 


Wi;i;.iiii  ICciniuU  10  June     — 

lilislut  Cl.iik  25  Jujv,  1S14 

■  Fr-i  the  Third  Ifer/;>ien: 

Ch:isL.  Cyss  so  M.iy   iSii 

Sam!.    i;,el.  r  jr  7  JuneiSU 

Tiicr.ns  F.  Hunt  29  June    — 

Hiiioij  Brmiot  32  July     — 

J.  Bttl.wiili  1   Uti;.      — 


Ut  It  bicMt  1    Jail  18 U 


r.f  Ihfilviry. 


J-.,r 


C'apt.  J.  D.  Ban;>iiil 

Julm  M.  O'C'oT-.ncr 
J:iuiC5  H.  H'i,>k 

1st  It  KfiiiiLili    .M'Kciizie 
Daniel  3ai;lii.-t 

Id  It  IJcVfiiy  'iurpiii 
Henry  '^Vilsuu 
B.  M.  Sautls 

For  ?.'.•-.'    Fifh 

1st  It.  G.wgfc  Gouding 
Geoiij''  W.  HoVHj- 
l^aaL'  Ciurii,  Ji-. 
For  iiii- 

Cajit.  Gad  Hiiiiii>l;ivys 
T(iri.ir  Cruuktr 
'I'fiori'.as  M.  Ke:»tl 
Gairgi-  Jl'Giassia 

3st  It.  E    lJo;trJiiiH!i 

2d  It.Juhii  Stiotritr 
Julm  Ki]iiC!> 
J.  A.  ILiitiing 
Jan.t-s,  M'livaine 
Jijlm  Maiisliiid 


tf,c  Fi,7irlh  li.'giment  of  Infantry. 


6  Jii  iy  ;  S 1 2  inaj.  hri  v,  26  J  line  18:3 
J.J  Miii-cll  1«13  maj..suiif'20  Jiuie  1814 
20  May        — 

fi  July     ISii  tapt.lirev.  G  July    :8i« 

11  Nuv.     1813 

e  Julv  i;i2  1st  It.  brev.  6  July  1312 
19  April   ltl4 

9  July        - 
if  Regivicnt  I:^faviry. 
is  Feb.    rs  ?  capt.  brcv.  I  j  June  1814 
15  Aug.     S13 

1  Sep!.  1814 

VT/A  Rerfciiicn!  cf  Irfaiitry. 

1  Dl-o.    iSog  iiiKJ  Vcv.  IS  April  1S14 


6  July    11)12  maj. 
Ifi  April   1813 
li  Auif.     —    inaj. 

3  May      18IOt;apt. 
20  Nov.     lb'13 
17  M:irdi  1814 
V8  April     — 
19  July       — 
30  Supt.      — 


bi>v 

lirev. 

brcv. 


4Jaly       — 

11  Scjit.  1811' 

1  Aug.  iSli 


Capt. 


yor  t.'-L'  'Jeve7ith  ti?gime;it  of  luf.mtry. 


F.  '>V.  .Vrnistrun^ 
A.  L.  L"i!if'ia:n 
U.  E.lwUss 

1st  It.  Jtl'ii  R-  Cjioaly 
Williaiii.  Builey 
Juh'i  G^'i3:'VV:iy 

2cl  It.  Ec'i.iuiid   'lall 


Capt. 


6  July  18H  inaj.  Lrtv.  :6  June   1S13 

—  —     ni.M.  br.\'.  i5  Au(j.     — 

—  —     ;i;.-ij.  hifv.  21  S  ■;,(.  1814 

—  —     capt.  Iiri-v._,-j  June     — 

—  —     capt.  brev.  19  July      — 
IS  AupT.  1813 
19  April  1B14 

For  tlie  FUg-hth  IiL-giiii"J'.t  of  Infmilry. 

Ju'in  Nitks  1  July    1808   liiaj.  luvv.     9  Get.    1813 

1S09  iii;-j.  brei.  13  MuilU  IS14 

181.1 

1812  rajjt.  brtv.  31  Jan.      — 

1811 

—     1st  It.  brev.  20  July      — 


Urinli  Biuij     ,  9  Jhiy 

Al'M.Tin'jr  liro'.viilow  7  Sttpt. 


1st  It.  I.twjs  C.  Willis 
Williaui  Ai-iii.'id 

2d  It.    C.    StL-plM-iiS 

Tliunuis  Rue^i'i-s 
MaiJdy  V.  Tobbs 
11.  HciHij/'.r'ys 
bamui.-J  Kidille 


5  July 
11  Mav 
15  Api'il 


Capt. 


1  May  — 
19  .May  — 
21  Sept.   — 

If/jh'  Jlegimeiit. 
Thoinas  lir.insey     '  30  Xuv.   1812 


Wiliic  Mardii 
1st  It.J.  S.  M-lniosb 

Abi.'i!ia!)i  Fine 
2d  It.  .1.  Harrison 

1  liomas  F.  Sinitll 


17  Mar.  Uii 
31  Bn".  181? 
17  -Sept.  loll 
17  Mar.  — 
11  May  — 

Tlie  oflifeis  alnive  sckctpd  will  fvrlbwilli  ^repair  to  tbe  b»ad- 
quajters  id  ih:-ir  s  viral  rpg'iiiieiits,  viz: 

The  liijUt  artilU^.  N«\v(ii.rt,  R.  I. 
1st  Iitfoury,  I'asa  Clirisliaus:,  Luiiisiana. 
2d         do        Sstketi's  Jlariior,  New-York. 
3d         do        Detruit.  MitUigvm. 

Fort  HawKitis.Ororgia. 
D^tniil,  Michigan. 
NrWrYork  liarbor. 
Fart  Haw  kins,  Grorgia. 
St.  Luuis,  Missouri  territorj'. 
llifli.-  regiment,      <io  do. 

Officers  1  nrtilltry,  to  tlie  most  convenient  station  of  their 
eorju.  in  tlie  suutbtrn  division,  Nor;'olk,  Va.  Charleston,  S.  C.  or 
K;VC;1c-i.s. 

Fiv  Older  cf  the  ssuvt.i.ry  at  ■nnr, 

I).  PARIk£H,  Adj.  &  Insirr.  Qjiili 


4th 

do 

5tll 

do 

Olh 

do 

7tli 

do 

81  h 

do 

Major-g-eiieral, 

Aid  to  (litto, 

IJrig'adipr-gcncr.'il,    - 

Aid  to  ditto,      -  -  - 

.\(ijutant  and  inspector  g'eheral, 

.\djut;int-g'endral, 

Quiiinei-mssier-general 

Deputy  quarterrnaster-gencral, 

P:iynnii,stei'-g-encr.il, 

Deputy  p.aymaster  general, 

iVssist.ant  deputy  paymaster  gen. 

Coinmi.ssary  g-enerai  of  purcwascs 

Assist't  commis.  for  distribution 

IJrig'ade  inspector, 

Urigide  qu.arter master, 

■Judge  advociite, 

Urigade  chupl.dn,     - 

Apothecai^'  general 

Assistant  apothecary, 

Hospital  surgeon, 

Hospital  surgeon's  mate,      - 

(iM-iison  surgeon^ 

Garrison  surgeon's  mate,     - 

Hospital  steward. 

Ward  master, 

Professor  of  uat'i  &  exper'l  philos. 

Assistant  ditto, 

Professor  of  mathematics 

Assistant  ditto, 

Professor  of  engineering 

Assitant  ditto. 

Teacher  of  tlie  French  language 

Teacher  of  drawing-, 

Master  of  the  sM'ord,     - 

Colonel, 

Lieutenant-colonel, 

Alajor, 

Adjut-int  ■)  Of  regiments 

Quartermaster^   and  corps. 

Paymaster        3 

Sergeant  major 

(Jiiai-termaster  sergeant 

Piiiici|?al  musician, 

Cii])tain, 

First  lieutenant, 

Second  lleutentant, 

2d  lieut.  and  conductor  of  artil'ry 

Third  lieutenant, 

(Jadct, 

Sergeant,  ... 

Corporal,     -  -  -> 

Musician, 

Private, 

Master  armorer  '^ 

Master  carrl;'.ge  maker  s 

Master  hlacksmith,        3 

Armorer,  3 

Carriage  maker,  C 

Blacksmith,         j 

Artificer, 

Laborer        .  .  - 

Servant, 


[3: 


[4~ 
[5] 
[6] 
U 

[91 
[101 

[10] 

[11 

[12 

[13 

[14] 

[1^1 

[16] 

[ir] 

[18] 
[Ipi 
[191 

[20] 

[21] 

[22] 

[221 

[.3- 

[23 

[23 

[23 

[23] 

[2o] 

[24] 

[24! 

[25] 

[26] 

[26] 

[26 

[2-] 

[•JSl 

[28] 

I  29 

[30] 

[3i: 

[32 
[32' 

[32j 

r  no  ' 

[00 
[34] 

[06 
[36 
[36 
[36] 

[37 


[37 

[38'^ 
[39  ■ 
[40 


104 
20 

104 
i>0 

104 
60 

50 
30 

60 
30 
20 
5'J 
50 

30 
73 
40 
45 
30 
20 
16 
60 
40 
50 
40 
50 
40 
40 
40 
26> 
75 
60 
50 
10 
10 
10 
9 
9 
8 
40 
30 
25 

o  - 

OO 

23 
IG 
S 
7 
6 
5 


16 

10 
9 


NILES  \Vei;KLY  REGIi^TER— bounty  LANDS. 


303 


NOTES. 

fl]  6th  section  of  the  actof  the  11th  Jan.  1812. 

[2]  Not  provided  far  in  the  hnvs  of  18U'2  n'w  18U8 
—5th  section  of  the  act  of  tiielltli  Jan.  1812. 

[3]  4Ui  .section  of  the  a6tof  the  12th  April,  1808. 

[4]  In  addition  to  hi.s  pKv,  &,c.  in  the  line,  section 
4th  of  the  act  of  the  12th  April,  1808. 
.    [5]  Rank,  pa}-  and  emoluments  of  a  britcadicr-f!,"e- 
iieral,  1st  section  of  the  act  of  , 


[32]  4tu  and  5th  sections  of  tlie  act  oflCth  March 
1802. 

[35]  Not  provided  for  In  l.iv.'S  of  1C02  mv  1808— 
.]d  sec.  of -ct  of  30ti»  March,  1814. 

[34]  Not  provided  for  in  la\V3  of  1802  r.or  1S08— 
2d  sec.  of  tjicacls  of  2Cth  Jan.  1813,  tJid  of  SQlh 
-Mr.rcii  1814. 

[33]  26th  sec.  of  .-ict  of  16th  M^rc!),  1S02,  and  3d 


the  act  of  3d  of  March,  1813 — [sec.  of  acts  of  29Ui  April,  1812. 
4th  section  of  actof  r2ih  of  April,  1  8u8.     Not  pro-       [36]  4th  sec.  of  the  acL  <,f  15ih  of  March,  1802. 


rided  for  by  laws  of  1802  nor  1808,  us  I'djiitknt  and 
inspector  general. 

[6]  Uank,  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  ca- 
valry, 3d  sec.  of  actof  3d  March,  1813,— 4th  sec.  of 
J 2th  April,  1808— forage  for  5  horses  at  !§6  for  each^ 
N'ot  provitied  for  by  laws  of  1802  nor  1808,  as  adju-' 
tant-q-enoral, 

[7]  Rank,  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  brig-,  g-en.  2d 
sec.  of  aciof3d  .March,  1813— 4tii  sec.ofact'of  12lh 
April,  1 808.  Not  pro\ided  for  by  do.  as  qr.  mas.  g-en. 

[8]  liank.pay  and  emoluments  of  am*. jor  of  caval- 
ry, 3d  sec.  of  act  of  3d  Ma^ch,  1813— 4th  sec.  of  act 
of  18th  April,  18u8— forag-e  for  4  Iiorses.  Not  pro- 
vided for  by  laws  of  1802  nor  1808,  as  dep.  qr.  mas. 
generu). 

[9]  §2000  per  ann.  1st  sec.  of  act  of  18th  April, 
3814,  and  act  of  16th  March,  18Li2. 

[10]  In  addition  to  his  pay,  &c.  In  line,  sec.  3d  of 
actof  rtth  Julv,  1812.  Not  provided  for  by  laws  of 
1802  nor  ISOS! 

[11  ]  §3000  per  ann.  sec.  7th  of  act  of  28th  March, 
1812.     Not  provided  for  bv  laws  of  1802  nor  1808. 

[12]  Not  provided  for  by  laws  of  1802  nor  1803— 
Sth  sec.  of  act  of  3d  March,  1813. 

[13]  In  addition  to  Ins  pav,  &c.  in  the  !ine,as  a  sub- 
altern 4tii  sec.  of  act  of  l2t'h  April,  1808 

[14]  In  addition  to  liis  pay,  &c.  in  line  as  a  subal- 
tern, 4th  sec.  of  actof  12  April,  1808. 

[1.5]  Not  provided  for  in  the  laws  of  1802  nor  18C8 
— l_9th  sec.  of  act  of  lltii  Jan.  1812,  pay,  &.c.  of  a 
major  of  infantry. 

[16]  Not  provided  for  in  the  laws  of  1 802  nor  1808 
— 24th  sec.  of  act  of  11  Jan.  1815,  pay.  Sec.  a  major 
of  infantry. 

[17]  ^iSOO  per  annum.  Not  provided  for  by  the 
laws  of  1802  nor  1808— rth  sec.  of  the  act  of  the  3d 
March,  1813. 

[18]Not  provided  for  bv  the  laws  of  1802  nor  1808 
—11th  sec.  of  the  act  of  30th  of  March,  1814. 

[19]  4tli  section  of  the  act  of  the  12th  April,  1 808. 

[20]  5th  4th  and  7th  sections  of  the  :.ct  of  Hhc 
16tii  March,  1802.  Regimental  surg-eon  is  allowed 
the  same  aa  garrison  surj^'con. 

[21]  Ditlo,  ditto,  ditto  ditto.  Regimental  sur- 
g-eon's  male  is  allowed  the  same  as  g-arrison  sur- 
i^eon'smate. 

[22]  4th  sec.  of  the  actof  the  12th  April,  18u8. 

[23]  2d  section  of  the  aci  of  29tii  April,  1812. 

[24]  2d  sec.  of  act  of  28th  Feb.  1803.  Not  pro- 
vided for  by  laws  of  1802  nor  1808. 

[25]  Nor  provided  for  as  master  of  the  swm-d  bv 
nws  of  ia02  nor  18u8— 4th  sec.  of  the  act  of  June. 
1812— and  4th  sec.  of  the  act  of  12th  April,  1808. 

[26]  4lh.  5  ii  aud  7i\i  sections  of  the  act  of  iSih 
Marci),  18u2. 

127]  In  addition  to  Ins  pay,  &.c.  in  the  line,  4th  and 
7th  sections  of  the  act  of  16  M-irch,  1802,  and  4th 
.sec.  of  the  actof  the  I2th  Air.ii,  1808. 

[28]  In  addllioii  to  his  pay,  ice  In  the  \i\m,  4lh 
sec.  of  tlie  act  of  tiic  12tii  A"pri":.  1808. 

[29]  4th  sec.  of  the  ..ct  of  the  IGih  .M;u-ch,  181J2. 

[30]  Not  provided  fur  in  the  laws  of  18j2  nor  1808 
— act  of  6lh  July,  1812. 

[SI]  4Lh  section  of  the  actof  16th  MarcU>  V'i'M 


[37]  11th  sec.  of  act  of  8th  Feb.  1815.     Not  pro- 
vided for  by  lar.s  of  18j2  nor  1808. 

[58]  4th  sec.  of  the  act  of  IGih  of  March,  1892 — 
3d  sec.  of  act  of  20tli  Feb.  18:)3— 1st  sec.  of  act  of 
29'h  April,  1812— nth  sec.  of  uctof  8ih  Feb.  lUlf;. 

[39]  11th  sec.  of  act  of  8th  Feb.  1815.  Not  pr( - 
vided  for  by  laws  of  1 8^2  nor  1 808. 

[40]  Eveiy  commissioned  ofricer,  who  keeps  one 
servant,  not  a  .soldier  of  the  line,  one  ;iddi-,jor.al  r:'.- 
tion — sec.  5th  of  the  act  of  16th  March,  1802. 

Note. — OHicers  of  equal  g-r.ides  in  tiie  jirescnt 
peace  establishment,  oi  nil  ihe  rc^-i;iie:it.i  and  covJ>f\ 
including-  the  ordnuncL^^  ilci^artment,  receive  th.e  vmii  • 
pay  and  emoluments.  Tlie  laws  of  1802  an.d  1808 
make  no  distinction,  except  in  favor  of  tif^ht  dya- 
goons ;  of  whom  tliere  are  none  ovi  the  present  estr.b.- 
lislanent. 

Army  Pay  Offio;,        '^ 
Clttj  ij"  JVuminjtun,  August  1,  1815.  S 

iiGj<::;rr  r.RF.xT, 

I'aynniiitev  V.  <S'.  ^jjv:,}/ 


W'iiY  Dcpartiiit'r.t.  \ 

SECTION  Ol'  liOUNTV  5.ANDS. 
Whereas,  by  documents  exiiihitedat  this  office  in 
support  of  apijlications  for  land  warrants,  itappe.ris 
that  manv  ])ersons  dioreg-ard  or  misconstrue  the  iu- 
formatliin  lieretoforc  publisiied,  relaiive  to  tke  pvo- 
ceeding-s  requi>lie  in  :di  cases  v.'!:cre  the  original 
claimant  does  not  personaUif  apply  at  t;ii.i  uepar;- 
mer.t;  it  is  tlitH-efore  deemed  expedient  to  elucid.ac 
the  several  points  ali'vided  to  abctve  by  the  f jUjv,  ini^- 
obsei  vatio*s: 

1.  In  regTird  to  ti'.e  power  of  att'jrney  directed  t(> 
be  executed  in  tiie  cases  aoovep.ienf  ioned,  it  ii  de>.-;a- 
cd  of  primary  importaiice,  tii.a  it  be  ibriiialiy  i.c- 
knowledged  before  a  magistrate,  and  that  this  :,c.- 
knowledgment  be  Gub.5c;-ibcd  by  the  pcr:=on  wiiu 
thus  delegates  his  authority  to  another,  :!S  well  ".s 
confirmed  by  oath  or  arTirrnation,  in  prc.-je,ice  o."  the 
said  raagisvni.te,  v.hotliUi  attests  the  executi^jji  o  ' 
this  formaliiv. 

2.  Evcrv  deposition  or  aflklavit  ought  to  be  '.inb- 
scribed  by  the  deponei.i,  or  person  jriakin.g  it,  a.-, 
well  as  confirmed  by  his  Ojtn  or  aiiSruiation;  w\iX 
should  then  be  attested  in  due  ib:.m  by  the  ru.. :;;■;- 
ti-ate before  v.hom  it  1-.  made..  I  is  partic;du;-jj-  in- 
quired that  tho.vfc  indivlduabs  who  depose  to  ih.e 
Iderititvof anovivcr,  fiiumkl  subsci'ibe  tJ-eir  depjs/ao,. 
toreni'cr the  ia.ntliication  v;.!!d. 

3.  A  substitution  of  a  jxjw  v  of  atiorney  may  be 
made  au-.hentic  in  very  few  woj-'.is,  ai^ci_  ma.y  be  in- 
scribed on  the  oiiginai  power,  if".  su"ici<.nl  sj.aie 
i'or  the  purpose  be  there  thuiul:  if  oj.ccuied  on  a  i-z- 
parate  pajjer,  it  i.^  to  bcattaclied  to  the  ori-riniii  in^ 
struiuent  in  me  usual  m.i.n-.cr,  a.i'.d  .Tcui-cd  by  the- 
not  ;ri:l  se:il.  I  i  :.pplications  £.)r  h  ud  wurrautCj  t!."c 
follov.\;ig  bin;pie  foi'm  will  he  :uln;ittcJ,  vizL: 

Know' all  men  by 'he.,e  pr^i>ei.ts,  that  I,  A  B,  at?" 
torney  of  C  iJ.'by  Vne  an..exod  power  duiy  c;>njti:(;- 
ted  ar.d  a'ppointei,  do,  by  virtue  of  t  e  power  <.V 
substitution  v.'ith  wlucii  I  am  thereby  expressly  in;, 
vii^tcj,  nakc,  C'.jki:;'.itt;tc  uud  r.ppoint  E  Fof^— =~i3,- 


304    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  30,  1815. 


8;c.  my  lawful  substitute  and  attorney,  for  the  pur- 
po&es'tlicixin  meiv.inntd;  tiiul  do  hereby  Uiitiiorise 
liiiu  to  do  and  pertbrm  all  aot^^aiul  tilings  nccesbury 
in  and  about  tlic  prendses,  a,s  Isigcl}-  and  amply  as  1 
might  or  could  do  if  I  were  personally  present. 


aiice  would  be  attaclied  to  my  letter,  not  only  by 
yourself,  but  by  many  otiier  intellig'ent  g'entlemeiT 
widi  v.'l.cim  I  jiave  shice  had  the  pleasure  to  fon- 
verse.  The  facts  and  reasonings  embraced  wi.hiit 
ihe  pui-vicw  of  it,  touchinpf  the  policy  of  Great  tiri- 


In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  handjtain   in  divevtin,.;-  our  attention  during  the  late  war 


and  seal  at  —  this  —  day  of —  A.  D.  — . 

(Signed)  A  B         [Seal] 

I.  G  IJ,  notary  public,  &c. 
do  b.ercb-.-  declare  antl  make  known,  that  the  above 
sulistitution  was  duly  execu;ed  by  the  aforesaid  A 
B,  before  me.  In  testimony  wlicreof  I  have  hereunto 
:iMixed  myoiiici.s.1  seal  and  signature,  at  —  this  — 
day  01— ,  A.D.  181-. 

Tv'.  1$  As  there  are  many  sections  of  llie  United 
SJalc.3  where  a  notary  jniblic  does  not  comnionly  of- 
ficiate, the  aibresaid  substitution  sliidl  be  tliere  le- 
ffidizcd  by  the  official  atte.station  of  the  elerk  of  the 
county  court. 

4:  in  the  information  heretofore  publisiied  rela- 
tive to  ascertaining-  a  "a.  legitimate  heir  at  law" 
who  may  apply  for  miiit:  ry  bounty  land  in  right  of 
a  decea.scd  soidier,  tlie  exjn  cssion  "certificates  from 
con.[-.et(  nt  authority"  has  been  thought  by  some  not 
sulliciently  explicit: — to  remove,  therefore,  all 
dvuibi  on  this  point  in  future,  be  it  known  that  this 
i:!seriioii  of  the  term  'conipetent  auliiority'  arose 
from  representations  of  long  standirfg  at  this  oflice. 


from  ti:e  Atlamic  to  the  lakes,  had  alwajs  appeared 
v-ery  obvious  to  me,  and  I  surely  thought  tlie\-  were* 
ccpially  so  to  the  well  informed  part  o^  my  country- 
men. I.  iiowever  (.is  jou  are  pieaseil  to  intimate)  f 
have  suggested  sonic"  new  ideas  upon  tiic  subject, 
and  'compieiely  shewn  our  error,'  I  shall  haven* 
ciuse  to  regret  the  pains  l  have  been  at  in  commit- 
ting my  thoughts  to  puper;  since  i.  is  an  undenia- 
ble axiom,  tiia:  wc  can  never  amend  our  mistakes 
imtil  they  have  first  bee;)  discovered. 

The  flattering  attention  which  you  ha\-e-seen  .'itt(_» 
bestow  tipan  the  several  points  discusscvl  in  my  foui* 
former  letters,  hits  ercourag?il  me  on  this  occ  ision 
to  lay  belbre  you  a  few  plain,  tliough  dee))ly  interest- 
ing reniark.<!,  relative  to- the  vast  ercpcnse  annually 
sustained  by  the  United  States  for  the  support  of 
iiiat  numerous  class  of  officers,  who  are  attached  to 
tliedificrent  yards  and  cstablislnnents  onthe  Atlan- 
tic and  the  lakes.  Besides,  that  the  greater  part  of 
these  are  totally  useless  lo  the  service  and  hang 
ujjon  it  like  dead  weiglits,  their  reteni  ion  has  given 
bu-th  to  evils  that  have  already   existed  too  long. 


confirmative  of  the  fact  that  in  dittcrent  states, land  call  loudly  for  correction.  It  is  my  intention 
component  parts  of  the  American  union,  the  leg-al  tliercfore  to  bring  the  subject  at  once  before  the 
mode  of  proving 'iieirship' for  thepurpo.<ies  of  in;ie-l  public. — Yo»i  have  no  doubt  seen  the  last  'Naval 
riling' rc.il  citate,  is  difierent  from  that  practised  in  Kegistei'  ptiblishetl  on  the  first  of  August ;  as,  if  I 
other  state',:  it  is  obvious  therefore,  th.it  he  mean.|reeollcct  right,  I  ;hink  you  made  mention  of  it  in 
inj^- and  intention  of  the  secretary  of  war  in  sancaui;-  your  Ittler  of  the  19th   uh.*   It  is  complete,  and  in 


ingthe  term  "competent  authority"  is,  thattiie  per- 
sijU  so  pretending  to  be  a  "legitiijiate  heir  at  law," 
should  be  j-e<jiii red  first  to  e>jhibit  his  proof  oi"  it  to 
that  tribunal,  or  civil  oMicer,  that  is  au'.hoiiscd  bj- 
tiie  constitution  and  Ittws  of  the  state  wherein  he 
!C:-idcs  to  ti.ke  cogniztuice  of  the  point  in  q'tc.-ilionj 
for  local  or  other  purposes.  A  duly  authenticated 
certificate  from  that  tribimal,  or  public  officer,  has 
ever  been,  :ind  will  continue  to    be  deemed  a-'  this 


my  o])mion  the  most  correct  of  any  that  has  ever 
been  issued  from  the  navy  department.  It  shews 
the  respective  names  and  dates  of  the  commissions 
of  tlie  oiTiccrs,  as  well  as  the  ships  or  stations  to 
which  they  are  attached.  This  register  has  upoii- 
the  -(Ahole  a  very  imposing  appearance,  and  to  a 
stranger  unacquainted  with  the  real  state  of  the 
fact,  would  beyoiul  doubt  convey  the  idea  of  an  ex- 
tensive naval  force;  at  anv  rate,  he  could  do  no  [cat- 


office  coiicl'iisive  evideitce  in  sucn  a  case.  Tiiiis,!  tiian  believe  that  ive  had  twelve  or  fifteen  ships  of 
yn  ofhcial  certificate  declarative  of  the  fact  thatjthe  lir.e,  ii'oui  twenty  to- thirty  frigates,  an  equal 
Buch  ;in  or.e  is  a  "legitimate  heir  at  law"  of  such  an}  riumbcr  of  si  ops  of  v\'ar,  and  a  due  proportiott    of 


one,  issued  by  a  court  of  record,  an  ordinary,  a 
jtidgeof  proi)ate — according  to  the  laws  and  usage.> 
oidifterent  states,  li.tve  ever  been  deemed  equaily 
adiiii-isi'.jlc  at  tiii.-i  oiFice. 

It  shotild  i)e  oh -.erved,  however,  tliat  iti  cases  of 
poti'iuunous  cir.ims  to  llie  mi'dtaiy  bounty  Kmd  au- 
tiioi  i:.cd  I;v  an  ace  of  congress   of  tne   l'Jt!»  of  De- 


snudl  craft.  Upon  counting  the  names,  he  wotdd 
find  52  captains,  18  master-commandants,  150  iieu- 
ienants,  48  surgeons,  72  surgeon's  mates^5.3  pur- 
sers, a  few  chai)l,;ins,  and  494  midshipmen! — Be-- 
sides  (hcMe  he  would  find  a  lieutenant-colonel  com-- 
mandan  of  murines,  2  m..jor.5,  20 captains,  and  :)9 
iieutenanls  ;   and  having  eaiit  his  eve  also  over  tJie 


ceml.'er,    1814,   it   is    essetitial    that   tne    cl.'.imantlniiniberot' boats wa.-ns,  gunners,  carpenters,  &c.  he 
siry'ld  establish,   not  only  that  he  i.^  "a  legiamatel  would  find  himself  obliged  to  conclude  in  the   end  ' 
heir  at  law,"  but  tslso  the  p;n'licu!ar  degree  of  con-  [that  our  navy  w^is  at  least  three  times  as  great  .is  it 
b.-'nguinity  he  bore  to  tlie  deceased  soidier  in  wiiosej  realty   is.     Here,, yatt  will  pcrnaps  inquire    How  it 
rig;.:  h<.'  claims.  ihappens  tJiat  with  a  navy  whix:h  n  is  not  yet  excced- 

5.  Alt'urngh   tlie  rule  will  be  adiiered  to,  notjcd  in   numcric:d  force  on  t'le  .\tl;mtic,  three  stiipss 
issue  a  land  wtirrant  to  an  executor,  nor  to  an  admi-'of  tne  line,  eigriL  frigiites,  a  few  sloops  of  war,  and 


nist-r:iun-,yei  in  all  c.ises  w!icre"che  legitimateheirs 
at  l.i'.v''  .'lie  ndKor'-,  .i  guardi-an  constittited  and  aj)- 
poinlcditi  cjnfom-ity  widi  t'le  laws  of  the  state 
w-here  liie  s..id  minors  rt.d'.le,  m;iy  obtain  a  land 
warra-.it  i:i  trust  ibr  them  on  his  exhibiting  at  this 
QiKce  official  credentials  proving  his  said  qualitt-. 
'  J\i'ovcMbL-v  29,  iyi.5. 


some  smaller  vessels,  we  can  fitid  emi)lovment  for 
such  a  number  ofofficers  ?  Let  us  turn  again  to  the 
register  for  an  answer.  We  tiiere  see,  thut  ihere  are/ 
stationed  at  wliat  are  called  navy  yards  captain  >  and 
ma.iter  commaiKhuits  sufficient  to  commtmd  19  sail 
of  ships,  with  each  two  or  more  lieutenants  under 
him  ;  and  that  in  tlie  aggregate,  these  places  iu"e 
provided  with  twenty-five  surgeons  having  a  mate 
or  t'Vo  apiece,  wnicli  all  the  woridkno'vj  is  enougfi 
f  n'  25  ships.  E-iclusive  of  these,  we  al>o  find  at 
them,  seventeen  pursers,  ami  s.ich  .i  host  oi  inid- 


Naval  A'iairs. 

.7  /if tit  letter  from  an  'j-jjicer  of  the  U.  <S'.  navy  to  hi^ 
fneml  a  ^u^mbcr  of  cov^res.,  dated  at  JKe-^v  l'o'-;b,i;;;;  ^^,^,^  ^^  ^,^^j,^  ^-^.^  ^,^^,^  pntience  to  enumerate. 

Siti — Wlicu  I  iiad  h'.st  the  honor  of  addressing  i      *Tius  register  may  also  be  found  in  '^Niies'  Week- 
•-TU,  I  V'Us  far  from  titin.'iiug  th.  t  sa  mticH  import- 1  iy  Register,'  vol.  9,  page  8"»,et  cxtcriw 


NILES'  WEEKLY  RECISTEtl— NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 


S05 


Hie  roost  surprisinp:  f.ict  0'":.1!,  liowever,  is  tiie  iin- 
J-Jiece  'ented  D-.n  iher  o;'  salli;\g'-m:ijtei-s,  ,:!iinii.iii;ii;- 
to  no  'ess  llum  97!— thoug-h  I  have  re.ison  to  believe 
t)i::t  ome  reduction  .)f  tlieir  nuinbei-  has  t;ike  i 
pl.Lce,  inconseqneice  o'"  the  sale  of  t!ie  flotilla,  for 

the  scz'vice  ofwiiich  thev '.vere  no  doubt  einplrjved. ,  _,  _ _  .._ 

Ill  pur^j'iin?;- the^e  remirks.Ifcid  *-h-it  or' 62()!'Sccrs,  jed  a  degree  of  practical  skill  and  experience  of 
the  while 'nimbei-  of  t!ie  m;ti-ine  corps,  onlv  oae  ma  whicli  no  otiiers  can  boast,  and  on  tiiis  account  havo 
jor,  four  c  •p'^ains,   und  thirieen    lieutenants  are   Ln   g-enerally  been   successful    in  coniendin,^  with  the 


tiie  tate  war  by  the  skill  and  experience  of  its  elder 
members.  It  is  well  knowi  that  the  commanders  of 
our  sliins,  durins^  diut  pci  iiT  1,  entered  the  navv  at 
i's  commencement,  and  tliat  thev  have  ever  since 
been  employed  on  the  most  active  branches  of  the 
service.    By  these  means  thev  liavc  naturallv  obtain- 


actual  service  afloat;  the  rejidie  being-  reported 
eiiher  athead-qiiar'evs  at  some  naval  establishment 
on  shore,  or  on  fiirlonprli.  Of  the  32  post-captains,  I 
find  th'it  ihirteen  only  are  afloat,  and  that  not  a 
sm  Uer  nronortion  o"  manv  or'  t'lc  odicr  g'rades  are 

eir,i!arlv   situated. All    tliese  filets   are   drawn 

from  tl-econe-iN  ofthe  venister  above  alluded  to, 


Hriti.ii  shins.  You  must  have  remarked  however, 
tliat  in  the  few  instances  wliere  the  British  were 
successful,  the  surrender  of  the  ship  has  invariablv 

followed  the   loss  of  her  commander loid  to 

wliat  must  this  be  attributed?  Surely  to  noiidnij  but 
a  want  of  experience  in  t!r.it  class  of  oliicers  fi'om 
which  we  are  to  select  our  commanders.     J'iie  rise 


whic'i,  having-  been  nriuted  and  published  by  order  of  tliese,  .sir,  has  been  too  rapid  for  tlie  stead,  pace 
of  the  secretary  of  tlie  naw,  and  beariiig-  un  official  of  their  experience;  ithas  f^rown  out  of  t!ie  exira^r- 

dinary  fea.urcs  of  t!\e  late  war,  and  produced  an 
e\il  that   I  fear  will  require  tlie  boldest  eltbrla  ts 


forni.^  I  have  'lo  reason  to  believe  incorrect.  At  lettst 
if  i*  is  so,  the  t^.-jU  is  „o(-  ^line. 

The  fir-t  remark  1  shall  make  upon  this  novel  dis- 
proportion between  the  number  of  o!ficei-s  and  ships 
is,  *.}:a.t  i^  all  thes-e  naval  stations  continue  to  be 
Kent  up  hereaf  e;-,  these  surplus  officers  vvill  ussnr 


correct.     It  is  an  old  axiom   of  pliii^vsophers,  tha'. 
the  tirst  step  tov/a^l  the  correction  of  an  evil  i.s  to 

be  thoroug-lily  sensible  of  its  existence 1  have 

assured  you  thai  a  want  of  g-eneral  experier.ce  pre- 


edl"  continue  M  And  employment  at  them.    On  the  vails  amon^'  the   young-er  members  of  the  savic 


other  hand,  if  t'ley  w^reat  once  reduced  and  conso- 
tidated,   'he  annual   s  vinj:^  of  expense  occasioned 
therebv  mi?-ht  be  expended  in   building-  siiips;  and 
in  these   shins    they  could  cerl.uily  be  employed 
with  more  adv.intajre  to  the  service  and  g-re.iter  be- 
nefi*^  +o  tiiemseVes.   -Vdmii  iug- even  that  ihc  money 
wereappi-opria  cd  'o  any  oilier  puroose,  s.ich  ui  we 
ctfuld  not  emplov  afloat  uiigiii  reti.-eon  Jialfpay.  In 
«ither  case,  it  c  i-mo   escape  rour  notice  tliat  a  great 
benefit  wotdd  resuK,  and  liie  service  either  receive 
some  compensatioii  tbr  the  pay  and  emoluments  of 
its  present  surplus  members,  or  be  relieved  from  the 
.burthen  ot  suppoitiiiij  tuem  in   idle^iess  ai  full  pay. 
To   employ  them  afloat  however   is  univcrsaU\'  al- 
lowed to  be  preferable  to  any  otiie  ■  metiiod.     \ii 
pfficer  surely  can  be  of  no  essential  use,  us  an  indi- 
vidual, without  experience,  and  experience  can  only 
be  acquired  in   thai   way.     Tiie  numerical  force  of 
our  navy  is  indeed  at    liiis   time  too  small  for  the 
number  of  officers  a.tacned    to  ic,  and  we  oiiinot 
have  the  means  of  employing  them  at  sea  except  by 
adopting-  the  measure  uefore  adverted  to,  or  some 
other  o^  equal  import.     If  we  intend  to  sustain  that 
hig-h  character  on  tiie  ocean  whicli  we  now  possess, 
it  is  indispensably  necessary  to  increase  Ifje  number 
of  our  ships,  that  our  officers  may  obtain  the  requi- 
eite  experience  to  fit  them  for  tlie  stations  they  are 
destined  to  fill. 

With  reg-ard  to  the  evils  arising  from  the  present 
maintenance  of  these  superabundant  officers,  they 
are  not  essentially  diflerent  from  those  Iliave  before 
pointed  out  as  arising-  from  tiie  many  useless  navv 
yards.  And,  althoug-h  it  is  much  to  be  desired  that 
to  remedy  these  evils  they  shoidd  all  be  employed 
afloat,  yet  as  the  existing  state  of  the  navv  will  "not 


■I  have  endeavoured  to  point  out  tiie  cause — and 
shall  now  suggest  a  simple  remedy, —  fCeep  no  more 
officers  than  can  be  emp!oifeel  to  advatUarfs. 
I  am  vour  ob't. 


The  Navy. 

No.  III. — {an:l  /aaf.) 
In  preserving  the  jircsent  yard  establishments, 
so  fiir  f  om  incurring  any  tmnecessary  expencc,  w  ■ 
..iiall,  in  truth,  save  by  them  to  a  large  amount.  I 
.<o  f  irther,  and  sixy,  that  tliere  is  no  v.-ay  of  saving 
liut  through  tlicm.  Assertions  like  the.-ie,  however 
laz  u'dous  they  inay  seem   to  persons   not  well 


ci!  ar- 
.-ju.d.ued  with  the  subject,  risk  nothiii™.  Tlie  friends 
of  tlie  navy  are  desired  to  bear  in  mind,  wliat  I  sta- 
ted t!u'  object  to  be,  in  having  these  establishments. 
Wiien    well  conducted,    in    having-  supplies  of  all 
kinds  on   haiil,    and  a   sufficient   number  of  good 
workmen,    delay  is  avoided,  time    g.dned,  and  c.\- 
pence  saved,     iiy  way  of  iliustratior.,  I  observe,  tlval, 
suppose  in  time  of  war,  a  squadron  of  four  frigates 
and  tiiree  sloops  of  war,  only,  are  cliascd   into  the 
harbor  of  New- York,  or   put  in,  crippled  in  action 
or  i;i  n  gcile,  and  require  considerable  su]5plies  and 
repairs — in  such  case,  I  assert,  v/ithotit  fear  of   re- 
futation, tliat,  if  there  be  no  p-ablic  dock-yard  r.[ 
th^t  phtce,  the  repairs  to  be  done,  and  tiie  supplier 
to  be  famished,  to  a  squadron  no  larger  titan  t!ie 
one  I  have  enunacrated,  putting-  into  port  under  sucii 
circumstances,  would    cost    the  nation  muc!i  more 
thiui  the  annual  amount  of  all  the  officers  att.ichcd 
to  an  extensive  and   elHcient  navy-yard.     Tlte  tim- 
ber and   plank  used  would  be   50  per  cent  upon 


contract  prices;  all  other  description  of  stores  li-| 
admit  of  such  adisposi'.ion,  I  am  decidedly  of  opi-j  percent  upon  an  average;  all  work  done  and  la- 
nion,   that  the  best  shoidd  be  selected  and"  the  re-   '  "  '    '"  .  .-  ^^  ^i  " 

ni;under  discharged.  A  me:isure  of  this  kind  I  am 
persuaded  would  be  attended  witii  the  most  salutary 
effects,  and  could  not  but  receive  the  unqualified 
approbation  of  every  real  frieiul  of  the  service. 
Twelve  years  ago  such  a  selection  was  maile,  and 
the  service  was  happily  freed  of  many  impropci- 
chai-acters.  If  it  were  necessary  to  enforce  sucii  a 
policy  tfien,  lam  induced  to  think,  from  daily  obser- 
vation,  that  at  this  day  it  is  no  less  so.  For  should 
our  navy  continue  to  increase,  and  jnanv  of  the  offi- 


cers  who    now  belong  to  it  be  promoted  to  high 

grades,  we  have  no  guarantee  for  the  undiminished  ^ -    -    _,  ...  -. 

WgiiStnudin^  Whicii it  so  g-aliaiitly  acquired  during  the  mtval  licrvice,  would  be  nearly  doabied, 


bor  ijerformed,  40  per  cent  upon  the  wages  of  a  yard 
cstal)lishmenl;  and  all  this  mjces  no  calculation  foi- 
the  delay  in  collectir.g  workmen  and  stores  of  evcrv 
description,    throng-li    the    na\y    .agency,    and    ti'.e 
amount  of  expence   consequently  incurred  by  tiie 
detention  of  the  vessels  in  puvi.     In  bearing  out  the 
fui-ther  assertion,   that  there   is  no  otlter  mode  of 
saving  but   throug-h  the  dock-yards,   i,  is  to  be  rc- 
n;arked,  tliat  in  such    depots  onl}-,    stores   can  be 
preserved  in  proper  houses  for  safe  keepir.g,  anil 
adniiaing  of  proper  arrangement:  and,  that  unless 
this  1)6  done,  the  lo.ss  in  stores  wouldj  be  immense, 
uid  the    amount  of  labor    necessary  in  conductiu 


306     NILES' WEEKLY   REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  30,  1815. 


t-lie  CISC  at  present;  v,-hilemar>y  of  lise  stores  wliicli 
liJCvinc'  linfil.  Pjr  one  pui-jiose,  arc  lost  to  the  pub- 
lic, iiis'-ead  of  bclii.^'  converted  to  anotiicr  use,  as  is 
the  universul  practice  in  every  well  regnilated  yard. 
1  spciik  now  to  facts  yo  notorious  tliat  tiicy  cannot 
be  disputed. 

It  may  be  Sidd,  perluips,  that  in  this  p:u-t  of  the 
s'ibjcci,  I  am  arji^uin;^  iDesidc  the  question — that 
the  nf-cessity  of  dock-yanl.s  is  admitted,  but   that 

In    an- 

Xew  York 


f'C  dispute  is  resptctiiig'  tiic  nunii)er 
Kwer,  I  any,  that  the  necessity  for  one  a 
or  up  tlie  North  River,  is  aj^parent.  I  would  pre- 
serve tliat  at  Portsmoutli,  as  nearest  to  our  eastern 
b  und.ry  line.  1  would  ret:u;i  tluit  at  Thiiadelphia, 
as  a  buildincj  yard.  1  would  select  another  site 
bet-.vct-n  the  (;hes:ipe.ikc  and  St.  Mary's,  as  tlie 
p'ace  wliere  tlic  sliips  on  tlie  soutliern  coast  could 
rec'ive  supplies  and  repair,!,  and  where  various 
kin  is  of  n;:.val  stores  could  be  contracted  for  on  the 
rao:,t  udvimtag'eous  terms,  and  distributed'  to  the 
other  yi'.vds  at  the  discretion  of  tlie  board.  I  would 
cotlinue  tliat  at  Kew  Orleans,  by  all  means,  as  in- 
ili.pens<ihle  to  tlie  flotiilu  required  for  the  defence 
of  tliat  important  post,  and  to  afford  supplies  to 
vessels  of  war  belonging-  to  that  station.  Unless 
this  be  done,  or  an  establishnier.t  iixed  elsewhere 
■upon  that  coast,  our  vessels  will  not  be  able  to  pro- 
cure a  mast,  spar,  anchor,  cable,  or  supplies  of  any 
kind  for  the  immense  distance  between  the  Missis- 
sippi and  the  canes  of  Virginia,  if  the  "naval  oflfi- 
cer's"  recommendation  !>  ;  adopted.  That  there  ia 
no  sound  discretion  in  tiiis,  no  judicious  foresig-hr, 
1  think  too  plain  to  need  any  attempt  to  prove;  tiiat 
a  less  nrmiber  of  yards  than  what  I  here  contend 
for,  will  he  of  very  little'national  advantage,  is 
clearly  shewn  from  the  extent  of  our  coast,  and 
from  those  emcrger.cies  which  a  state  of  war  wiii 
incvitahlv  iiroduce  to  render  them  indispensable. 

I  expect  to  encounter  here  the  usual  objecdon  of 
expenceln  h.iving'  so  many  yards,  and  the  little  pro- 
bability there  is,  that  so  manj^  can  be  made  use  of 
i  1  time  of  war.  But  a  nation  must  have  larg-e  estab- 
lishments; and  persons  wi>o  make  objections  to 
them,  on  die  score  of  expence,  ovig-ht  first  to  know 
ju  wltat  maimer  expence  is  inci:rred.  It  is  not  in 
the  number  of  strperfluous  otficers,  as  is  the  com- 
mon cry,  but  it  is  the  want  of  a  well  or,i;anized 
^•^•3tem,  working- harmoiuously  and  vig-orousiy:  it  is 
]i\  the  want  of  a  sufficiency  of  good  officers  and  of 
mech.mics;  of  mutei-ials  contracied  for  on  th.e  most 
advantageous  terms;  of  laborers;  of  store-houses, 
ydmitting  of  a  proper  arrangement  and  preservation 
of  stores;  and,  then, of  a  vigilant  admipistration  of 
the  navv  bo".u-d  over  the  whole.  IJut,  the  peace 
e.  tiblisiiment  of  as  many  yards  as  I  iiave  entnuerat- 
ed,  ought  not  to  exceed  ^^700,ti)u  per  annum,  to  be 
apportioned  among.st  them  at  the  discretion  of  the 


these  reg\dations,  will  the  foiu-  yards  be  able  to 
make  sujijilies,  bij  -n-aii  of  preparaiion,  mil  ess  to  a 
very  inconsiderable  extent,  indeed.  Divide  our  na- 
vy amongst  them,  even  small  as  it  now  is,  and  these 
four  yards  woidd  expend  no  small  part  of  the  appro- 
priation allowed  for  them,  in  keepir.gthe  sh.ips  con.- 
stantly  ready  for  service.  If  wc  have  no  Uiore  in 
time  of  war,  wc  shall  then  liave  no  choice  of  using 
which  we  please.  Those  of  most  importav.cc  to  us, 
will  be  the  most  clos'i'ly  watched;  our  favorite  dock- 
yards at  Boston  and  Newport  will  stirely  be  the  aim 
of  the  enemy;  and,  if  they  are  carried  by  over\\helm- 
ing  force,  what  then  becomes  of  our  navy?  Under 
every  view,  therefore,  of  the  question,  it  is  most  ju- 
dicious to  Inoreuse,  not  diminish,  the  number;  and, 
under  a  system  like  this,  at  least  in  its  general  out- 
lines, in  5  years  we  cotdd  have  15  sail  of  the  line, 
and  lU  frigates,  stores  well  supplied,  establlshiiients 
well  org.auized,  and  otu-  navy  eiiicient. 

There  is  one  other  part  of  this  subject,  to  which 
I  think  it  well  to  draw  some  attention,  and  that  i.s 
— the  inexpediency  of  making  the  dock-yards  for 
repairing-  and  eqiupping  vessels,  the  same  as  tliosc 
where  they  are  buiit  in  ti.e  first  instance.  I  think 
it  will  embarrass  the  service.  But  as  this  can 
only  be  matter  of  spec.ilatlon  as  yet,  I  merely  make 
the  sug.;estion.  This  much,  however,  appears 
to  me  plain,  that  Newport  affords  no  such  ad- 
vantages  for  a  grand  naval  depot  as  the  North  Ri- 
ver. As  a  yard,  to  furnish  supplies  and  m.ike  re- 
pairs to  vessels,  it  would  be  invaluable.  But  on 
tiie  Noitii  River,  we  should  have  at  conunand, 
iron,  hemp  and  copper,  we  should  be  near  the  lakes 
—our  situation  to  the  union  would  be  more  centi-al; 
workmen  of  every  description,  and  stores  of  e\cry 
kind,  cotdd  be  procured  with  certainty  and  despatch 
— and  wiuit  of  local  disadvantages  mi^ht  be  Ibiuid, 
woidd  be  removed  by  very  conunon  expedients. 

The  general  force  of  the  reasons  I  liave  advanced 
upon  this  subject  is  now  left  to  tlie  public.  It  must 
be  seen,  I  think,  that  if  we  are  to  have  a  na%y,  we 
nmsthuve  dock -yards.  But,  if  the  rcconuiiendation 
of  the  "naval  officer'   is  to  be  t.ken,  to  break  up  ail 


but  o,  or  at  most  4,  then  the  question  is  decideil. 
If  all  the  experience,  derived  from  the  war  just 
ended,  is  to  be  lost  tipon  this  gePieration;  if  no  pre- 
parations are  to  be  made  for  anotlicr  conflict;  if,  in- 
tleed,  we  may  now  repose  calmly  in  a  state  of  insensi- 
bility, (ie.id  to  the  past  and  regardless  of  the  fu- 
ture, then  let  us  take  the  counsel  offered.  IJiit,  if 
the  caution  of  our  best  and  wisest  politicians  is  to 
be  heeded,  to  prepare  for  war  while  we  are  at  peace, 
have  me.tns  and  time — let  us  now  make  ready.  The 
nexr  war,  come  when  it  mav,  will  shew  no  drawn 
I'Uittles.  When  we  fight  again,  it  will  be  with  fieet.s 
on  both  sides.  England  knows  this  perfectly  well. 
She  sees,  with  a  glance  searching  into  futurity,  that. 


board,  according  as  they  miglit  deem  eacli  place  in  only  one  generation  more,  this  niition  will  h.ave 
most  eligible  for  any  \vork  to  be  done  during  tiie 
rear.  F  .r  this  sum,  all  the  vessels  we  now  iiave, 
could  be  kept  in  a  state  of  readiness;  masts,  spars 
of  every  kind,  capstans,  gmi  carriages,  v/ater  casks, 
iron  work,  Sec.  &c.  all  kinds  of  stores  which  re- 
quire time  to  make,  could  be  making  and  collecting  our  naval  pow 
at  the  different  depots,  and  distributing  to  dillerenti  iv.  and  mariti 


twenty  niillions  of  souls;  that  otu"  resotuces  for 
a  navy  will  lie  immense;  that  the  effect  of  oiu-  po- 
litical institutions  upon  tlie  moral  couvdilicni  of  the 
whole  earth,  must  liave  an  accelerating  impetus; 
and,  that,  unless,  within  a  few  years,  she  annii/iiatcs 
icr,  her  system  of  commercial  iiiouopo- 


pots,  and  distributing  to  dillerenti  iy.  and  maritime  gi  eatness,  is  at  an   end.     The  day 
points,  rtt   the  pleasure  of  the   boart';  while,  at  theion  widcli  Ihill  tool:  the  Guerrierc  produced  new  re- 
.sarnt  lime,  otir  vessels  cruising  on  the  coast,  could  l.'itions,  wliicii  will  be  continually  developing  them- 
selves; and  the  American  republic,  enlightening  tiie 
world  with  her  political  institutions,  is,  Jiereafter,  by 
all  htmian  calculation,   to  take  a  firm    stand  in  de- 


receive,  as  they  might  require,  any  supplies  what- 
evi  r.  Nor  will  this  estimate  be  much,  if  any,  be- 
yond the  ex])ence  of  the  four  establishments  admit 
ted  by  ine  "navy  officer;"  for,  if  four,  oniy,  he 
tinned,  tht-  number  of  mccliiuiics,  seamen  and  la- 
borers aitacued  to  them,  m'tst  be  doubled,  and  that 
of  cfHcers  increased    onetld'-J..       Neither,  .under 


con- i  fence  of  those  frt^e  ].)rinciples  of  maritime   law,  lii- 
fiierto  driven  from  the  ocean  by  the  ;a-ms  of  Great 
llritain. 
I  cdiiaidcr  t'hls  as  no  digression  f\-om  the  Trainob- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


Jppt  of  these  remai-ks.  Our  situation  is  a  serious 
one.  The  old  woi-Ul  h  fxst  bound  in  chains  of  ty- 
ranny and  bupe!-slilion,and,  to  all  human  appearance, 
there  is  none  to  break  tiicm.  But,  if  true  xo  ovn-- 
seives,  we  are  safe.  If  true  to  posterity,  they  real- 
ize the  mo.st  splendid  prospects  that  ever  visionary 
formed.  Bui,  let  us  reason  from  the  past  to  the  fu- 
ture; use  experience  and  ficts;  and,  as  far  as  t!\ey 
teacii  as,  let  us  g-o.  And,  finally,  if  ovu'  navy  be 
deemed  of  importance  to  our  national  security,  in- 
terest and  g-lory,  let  every  fi'iend  to  it  keep  his  eye 
steadily  fixed  lipontlie  truths  which  it  has  been  the 
aim  of  the.se  papers  to  enforce — 

That    dock-yards   are    essential  to  dispatch   rjid 
economy,  in  equipping-  and  rcp.u.'ing-  vessels  of  war: 
That  it  is  no  time  to  break  up  any  of  tnem: 
That  theyou;jiit  to  be  increased;  and 
That  tills  is  tiie  time  to  make  effectual  prepara- 
tion for  another  war,  come  i-.'hen  it  may,  upon  uj. 

A  XAVY  ADVOCATE. 


ed  to  g-ive  r.p  tliese  fortre-ses.  to  tlie  nllies.  It  is 
s.xid  they  are  besieged!  but  Tyriir;  is  kinp:  of  France!! 
.'"ue  eniperor  of  Aust-ia  is  prep.irin?-  to  be  crovned 
icing'of  Lombanly  and  Venice — 'S'onice,  the  vtrthUr 
tliat  so  much  excited  the  sensibility  of  sonie'wheti 
Bonaparte  took  it  to  himself.  "  ' 

"LsD-itimant"     Th.e  fetnrn  of  'the  Bnvr-hoiia  into 
Prance  as  well  as  Sp:un,  has   bron.o^ht  back  ail  the 


old   curses    of 


rov 


Itv   whicu    "onaiartc  and  the 


Foreign  Articles. 

London  papers  to  Deae.nbi'r  ol.  The  internal  state 
of  T^rance  is  unsettled.  The  allied  troops,  when- 
ever they  appear  in  small  bodies,  .\i'e  attacked  by 
the  p.--ople,  or  refascd  supplies  by  tlie  Frencii  "pa- 
triots," for  which  the  ''blood-tliirsty  villains"  (as 
the  folks  always  called  the  French,  in  the  same  cir- 
cumstances) take  ample  veng-eance  in  contlagTadon, 
JTiurdcr  and  piliag-c.  Fresli  corps  of  Prussian  troops 
are  pusiiiny  inlo  France,  to  g-et  equipped.  It  is  con- 
fidently stilted  that  Austriji  and  Fnusia  have  made 
an  alliance,  offensive  and  defensive,  to  counterba- 
lance the  <jood  unde-.-standing"  that  appears  to  exint 
between  Russia  and  France.  Several  fortresses  are 
to  be  built  on  the  Duteh  f,'on*ier,  to  be  in  readiness 
by  the  time  the  French  fortresses  are  to  be  g'iven 
up.  Tjie  emperor  of  Russia  arrived  at  Berlin 
oil  the  24tji  Octoljer.  Corps  of  Britisli  troops,  with 
iarf^e  suppdes  of  the  munitLo;xs  of  war,  were  )et  en- 
teriiig'  Fr  nee,  to  join  Weilhig-ton. 

Savary,  Lallemand,  &c.  are  detained  at  ?.Ialta,  as 
■*'-pnsonei-s  of  ivar."  It  is  g'enerally  understood  that 
tliere  is  no  war  in  Europe.     How  is  it' 

•Several  vessels  were  about  to  sail  for  St.  Helena, 
wit))  the  frame  of  a  palace,  &c.  for  the  accomraoda- 
•tion  of  "i^eneral  Bonaparte." 

The  London  8uu  of  the  2uth  November,  states, 
tiiat  active  exertions  wereraakinq*  to  obUii)^.  seamen 
for  the  Nig-er  frigate,  capt.  S.  .lackson  ;  and  tliat 
the  moment  siie  was  ready,  the  lion.  Mr.  Bagot, 
minister  to  tb,e  United  Suites,  v.ould  embai-k  and 
proceed  on  his  embassy. 

It  appears,  frcnn  travels  in  Soutli  America,  in 
1804,  that  some  of  the  rich  miners  and  l.uidhoiders 
•of  Mexico  enjoy  an  annual  income  of  from  two  to 
six  millions  of  francs.  The  duke  of  ilonteleone, 
from  his  landed  estates,  had  an  hicome  of  a  million 
and  a  half;  he  lias  10  villages,  which  contain  apc- 
pul.ition  of  17,700  souls. 

.W'v's  trial  was  pro.i^ressinp;-.  Ke  denied  tl',e  com- 
petency of  the  military -conimi-ssion  to  try  h.im,  be- 
ing- a  peer  of  France,  and  his  case  was  referred  to 
the  cJiamber  of  peers.  The  London  ministerial  pa- 
pers are  quite  an^ry  tliat  he  has  not  been  shot  at  any 
rate — theymij^ht  try  !iim  afpi-wards. 

Tliere  appears  to  be  considerable  fermentation  at 
Paris.  There  are  strong-  patrolcs  nig'lit  and  day. 
The  grenadiers  of  the  guard,  and  the  gendarmerie 
are  called  out. 

The  Freiicli  funds  aie  very  low — 56  :  25.  Some 
Ilu:,si.m  troops   have    rct-arned  to  Paris.     The  com-  .  .... 

saandauts  of  Yalenciames  and  Landau  have  rcfus-  hurur,  witli  those  cii-des'of  tuivitury  which  are  more 


Cortes  did  so  much  remove.     The  iJi-otestant.'i  are 
yet  m;Lss:iore<l    by   tlie  catholics  in ''Fr.-.nce.        ''^ 

Tlie  pitiful  creature  .JnqouIemfT,  is  si'.ppos^d' 
to  be  at  the  bottom  of  these  murders.  The  French 
people  have  a  gdoriolis  prospect  of  "relig-ious  lijjer- 
ty,"  if  he  ^-^ts  on  the  throne;  which,  however,  I 
thi'.ik  that  !ie  will  not.  The  f  illowiii;^,  from  a  late 
B;-i;ish  piper  is  interesting- on  this  s'lbject: 

"I'riv.-ite  letters  are  said  to  have  been  r?ceive;I 
from  the  south  of  France,  stating-  tlie  renewal  .of 
the  persecutions  of  the  p;-otestants  in  tilat  qtiarter, 
if,  indeed,  they  have  been  at  all  suspcntled.  On 
tine  17th  of  October,  seven  of  the  pKncipd  inliabi- 
tants  of  N'i-imes,  protestanis,  were  assassinated.-^ 
;V  wretcli  of  the  name  of  Tiiristallon  'A-as  the  lead- 
er of  the  catholic  band  of  assassins  on  this  occasion, 
and  has  sin.ce  been  arrested.  On  a  former  f)Ccasio'ii, 
it  is  added,  he  was  set  at  liberty,  on  account  of  hl^ 
threate.iiag-  to  disclo.se  the  names  of  his  e.nfrh:;- 
ers!  We  shall  novv^  see  whether  tlie  Frencli  s^o- 
vernment  will  bring-  him  to  justice.  The  duke  of  An- 
gouleme  is  now  in  the  soutli;  we  shall  see  whether 
tins  prince,  so  much  flattered  both  by  French  and 
i-'ug-iiib.  nc'v.'.-p.ipers,  will  clear  nimself  of  these  sus- 
picions w'uch  ha^'c  been  expressed  rejpecting-  his 
joolilicai  principles,  by  affording-  rhat  protection  to 
tlie  protestants  which  tiie  laws  g-ive  them.  Surely 
tlie  subject  is  of  sufficient  importance  for  tlie  inter- 
position of  tlie  allied  pow^'i-s." 

Two  vessels  iiave  lately  arrived  in  Eng-land  frotn 
the  >.Iediterrane.in,  with  nearly  gl, 200,000  on  g-o- 
vernment  account. 

TiiE  Lv.-iTTisrrio.v — that  "venerable  institution" 
a'loUshed  by  Boiiapart-%  and  restorefl  bv'  Perdind?:,!-. 
•'In  the  annals  of  the  Iiiquisition  ptibliiiied  by  Don 
Florence,  it  is  stated,  that  in  the  first  twcnty-eig-lvt 
years,  this  tribun.d  sentenced  1.3'J,4U0  persons  to  be. 
burnt  alive;  70,9*^'^  to  be  buriic  m  eih;^y;  l,4'05,0ri 
to  various  pc-vances." 

PRELTMIXARV  TREATY  OF  PEACE.     • 

LoKnoy,  October  2". — On  the  2d  October  tlie  fd- 
lowing-  bases  of  the  treaty  of  pe  .cc  were  sig-ncd  afc 
Paris,  bv  the  plenipotentiaries  of  Russia,  Great  Bri- 
tain, Aiistria  anrl  iVussia,  on  the  one  part,  and  by 
the  d'-.ke   of  Richelieu,  on  the  part  of  Fr:jiiice,:yi/. 

Art.  I.  Tiie  boundaries  of  Prance  as  they  were  in 
1790,  from  the  North  sea  to  the  .Mediierranem, 
s!iall  form  the  fun-lamcnt;d  principles  of  Uie  ieri-i'o- 
rial  arrangements  so  tliat  those  districts  and  te,-ri- 
tories  of  former  Beig-ium,  of  Ccrmany  and  .S.i\;nv 
which  by  the  treaty  of  Paris  1814,  were  annexed  to 
old  France,  shall  remain  separated  tlieref/om. 

II.  Wliere  this  priiK-i])le  is  dcp.ivied  f.om,  the 
boundaries  of  1799  siud!  be  modified  and  hett  — 
arrang-ed  according-  to  mutual  conventions  and  i;'- 
terests,  botli  in  rcg-ard  to  civil  jurisdiction,  so  as  to 
cut  olf  inclosed  districts,  .aiid  ri.ssiprn,  o\\  bodi  sides, 
a  more  regnha-  territory,  and  also  in  reg-.irdto  n'.ili- 
t;-iry  jurisditf'.ion,  so  as  to  strengthen  certain  w.-afc 
pu-ts'of  the  boundaries  of  the  countcnninous  cou.-.- 
trics. 

In  conf  )vm;ty  to  tliis  principle,  France  cedes  to 
tlie  allies — 

Landau,   S.aarlouis,    PhiUippcville,    and    Mariiin- 


608    NiLIlS' WEEKLY  UEGISTER— SATUllDAY,  DECEMBEIl  30,  ISl-j. 


'fiilly  laid  down  in  the  plan  of  the  treaty  ])i-oposed  by 
the  foiu'  allied  cabinets,  on  the  20th  Sejjteniber. 

Vei'soy  with  the  necessary  territory  shall  be  ced- 
ed to  the  Helvetic  confederation,  in  order  to  brini^ 
the  canton  of  Cieneva  in  direct  communication  wiih 
Switzerland,  and  the  Fi-encli  line  of  customs  sliall  be 
tliere  established  in  tlie  manner  most  convenient 
jfor  the  administrative  system  of  both  comitries. 

The  works  of  Himiguen  shall  lie  demolished.  The 
French  government  binds  itself  to  erect  no  others 
WJtliin  a  distance  of  three  uiilcs  from  Basle. 

France  relinquished  her  rights  to  the  ])riiicipality 
of  Monaco.  On  the  other  hand  the  possession  of 
Avignon  and  the  Venaissiii,  as  well  as  the  county  ot 
Mompelgai'd,  andtlie  possession  of  every  other  ter- 
ritory whicli  is  included  within  the  French  lines, 
shall  be  anew  secured  to  Fi-ance. 

III.  France  pays  to  tlie  allied  ))owers,  Ijy  way  of 
indemnity  for  tlie  expenccs  of  tlieir  li'.st  iJinaments, 
the  simi  of  seven  iiundred  millions  of  francs.  A 
sjiecial  commission  sliall  fix  the  modes,  tlie  jjeriods, 
and  tlie  securities  for  this  payment. 

IV.  A  military  line  of  the  followinsj  seventeen 
fortresses,  ri^  : — Conde,  Valenciennes,  iJoucJuun, 
Cambray,  Le  Quesnoy,  Maubeuge,  Landrecies,  A- 
vesncs,  llocroy,  (iivet,  Mezleres,  Sedan,  Monlmedy, 
Thiouville,  Longwy,  Bilche,  and  the  bridge  head  of 
Fort  Louis,  shall  be  occupied  by  an  army  of  150,000 
3nen,  of  the  allied  powers.  This  arm}',  wiiicii  shall 
he  placed  under  tlie  command  of  a  general  chosen 
by  these  powers,  shall  be  wholly  luaiutained  aL  the 
expence  of  France. 

A  special  comniission  shall  fix  all  that  relates  to 
5ts  maintenance,  wi.uch  shall  be  regulated  in  the 
best  way  for  supplying  all  the  wants  of  the  army, 
iind  at  the  same  time  the  least  burdensome  for  tlie 
country. 

The  longest  duration  of  this  military  occupation  is 
fixed  at  five  years.  However,  on  the  ex|iiralion  of 
three  years,  after  the  allied  sovereigns  have  weighed 
the  situation  of  things  and  of  mutual  interest,  as 
*vell  as  the  advances  which  may  h.uvc  been  made  in 
the  restoration  of  order  and  tranquility  in  France, 
they  will  come  to  a  common  decision  witji  the  king 
of  France,  whether  the  above  term  of  }ears  may  be 
/shortened. 

The  plenipotentiaries  havijig  definitely  adapted 
those  bases,  have  concerted  upon  the  course  to  l?e 
adopted  jn  order  to  arrive  in  the  shortest  possible 
lime  at  a  formal  ai-rangement,  and  have  coii.>equeut- 
5y  determined — 

"  1.  That  a  general  treaty  shall  be  drawn  up  upon 
the  bases  above  laid  tlown,  and  adding  to  them 
fcuch  articles  as  by  common  consent  shall  be  judg- 
ed necessary  to  complete  it.  The  French  govern- 
pient  will  nominate  on  its  jiart  the  person  who  is  to 
imite  with  those  whom  tlie  four  courts  have  cliarg- 
^d  with  the  drawing  up  of  the  treaty. 

*•  2-  That  the  commi:,sjoners  appointed  for  the 
military  affairs  shall  proceed,  conjointly  with  the 
commissioners  whom  the  Frencii  government  shall 
appoint  for  this  purpose,  to  draw  up  a  project  of  a 
oonvcntion  to  regulate  every  thing  relative  tq  the 
lailitary  occupation,  and  to  the  support  of  the  ai'my 
Cn»p1oye<l  in  tliis  occupation.  'I'iie  same  commis- 
sioners shall  also  deiermiiie  the  manner  and  the 
jjeriods  of  the  evacuation  of  all  such  parts  of  the 
j;\-eucii  territory,  as  are  not  com[jrchended  within 
V.ie  line  of  the  military  occupation. 

"  3.  That  a  special  comaiissiori  ajipointed  for  that 
purpose  I)y  the  contracting  pai-ties,  sludl  draw  up, 
without  delay,  a  pjan  of  a  convention  to  regulate 
yic  li^ol^,  the  iperiods,  and  the  g  uinui^ees  oj"  tl.t 


payment  of  tlie  seven  hundred  milllons^pf  francs  to 
be  stiptdated  by  the   general  treaty. 

''  4.  The  commissions  formed  to  ex.amine  the  re. 
clamutions  of  several  powers,  relatively  to  the  non- 
execution  of  certain  articles  of  the  treaty  of  Pari^, 
shall  continue  its  labors  with  the  understanding, 
that  it  is  to  comnnmicale  them  as  soon  as  possible 
to  the  ])lenipotcntiaries  in  the  principal  negociation. 

"That  as  soon  as  these  commissioners  siiallhave 
termln.ated  their  labors,  the  plenipotenti;irics  shall 
unite  to  examine  the  residts  of  tiiem,  to  determine 
on  the  definitive  arrangements,  and  to  sign  the  piir.- 
cipal  treaty,  as  well  as  the  difierent  particular  con- 
ventions. The  process  verbal  having-  been  read,  the 
plenipotentiaries  liave  approved  it,  and  signed 
KASUMOLISKV,  AVISSEMIVKU(;, 

CASTLEREAGU,  CAPO  U'lSTllA, 

lUCHEl.lEU,  HUMROLDT, 

WELLLXGTON,  lIAllDEXBrUG." 

Skuitiox  ACT.  Chamlier  of  Depntie.f,  Oci.  24.-r-The 
comjnittee  to  v.honi  was  referred  the  bill  relativ,c 
to  seditious  cries,  reported  it,  as  taken  into  a  new 
drsft;  and  the  further  consideration  of  it  was  postr 
poned  until  Fridav.  The  following  is  an  outline  of 
the  bill  :— 
"Louis,  by  the  gvcce  of  God,  &c. 

"It  was  our  wish  to  have  left  the  repression  o? 
crimes  to  the  ordinary  tribunals.  But  under  extra- 
ordinary circumsiances  to  jirevent  disorders  ariiij.g' 
from  civil  discord,  it  is  necessary  to  institute  more 
severe  punishments.  The  bjd  arlicles  of  the  ciiarttr 
reserves  the  re-establishment  of  prevotal  courts, 
This  institution  promises  for  the  f\iture  the  happy 
residts  which  it  produced  under  our  ancestors.  But 
it  is  necessary  to  establish  hi  the  mean  wLilg  u 
provisional  legislation. 

"We  therefore  decree,  &c 


Art.  1.  All  persons  convicted  of  having  compos 
distributed  or  sold  writings,  tending  to  excite  1 


ed, 
the 
overthrow  of  the  governnicnt,  &c.  shall  be  prose- 
cuted and  tried  as  guilty  of  sedition. 

\v\..  2,  Establishes  the  punishment  of  transpor- 
tation. 

Art.  3,  Applies  the  same  pnni.slinient  to  tlie  jiul- 
liag  down  of  the  white  flag  and  hoisting  any  otlier. 

Art.  4,  Declares  that  tlie  court  of  assizes  shall 
take  cognizrmce  of  these  cranes. 

Art.  j,  Dtclares  seditious,  all  cries,  speeches  and 
writings,  tending  to  diminish  the  respect  due  to  the 
king  and  his  family,  or  by  which  either  the  name 
of  the  usurper  or  tlie  overtlirow  of  the  constitu- 
tional charter  may  be  invoked. 

Art.  6,  Applies  the  punishment  to  the  sellers  and 
distributors  of  images,  tending  to  the  same  end. 

Art.  7,  Is  directed  against  persons  who  may  dis- 
jilay  any  other  ai-ms,  cockades  or  signals  thau  those 
acknowledged  in  France. 

Art.  8,  Affects  tho:,e  who  may  endeavor  to  spread 
alarm  concerning  the  re-establishment  of  tithes, 
and  tlie  spoliation  of  tlie  purchasers  of  natiou4 
property. 

Art.  9,  Pro\ides  against  provocations  to  these 
crimes,  although  indirLCi,  if  it  be  understood  that 
they  arc  committed. 

Art.  10,  Allots  to  the  authors  of  these  crimen 
the  punishment  of  five  years  imprisonment,  at 
most,  and  a  fine  of  3000  fx-ancs. 

Art.  11,  Concerns  those  officers  who  may  be  de- 
prived of  their  pay,  and  state  pensioners  who  are 
deprived  of  their  allowances. 

They  are  to  forfeit  their  functions  conformably 
to  the  code. 

'i'hey  :u'c  to  remain  \mder  the  surveillance  of  tlij; 
innh  I'olict,  v/hich  cuimot  exceed  five  veary. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS. 


309 


txi  case  of  a  vepelillon  of  offence,  ten  years  of 
imprisonment  or  ten  years  surveillance. 

Finally,  the  tribunals  may  order  the  printing  and 
publishinf^  of  these  judgments. 

Dreadful  frt:  At  *lic  great  and  venerable  city 
of  Cuxau,  in  Russia,  1000  houses  and  21  chiu-clies 
were  desti-oyed  by  fire  on  the  5lh  Sept.  (O.  S.)  A 
furious  storm  that  prevailed  at  vhe  lime,  rendered 
abortive  all  attempts  to  check  the  pro^-ress  of  the 
flames.  The  mercliandize  consumed  w-ds  of  great 
value. 

Tlie  Ui-ifish  mint  has  been  also  partially  destroy- 
ed by  fire,  supposed  to  be  accidental.    The  loss  e^- 
-•tlmated  at  from  60  ro  jf  80,000. 
-'-     Mrs.  Clark  and  her  family  cut  a  g-reat  figure  in 
•the  British  ]);ipers.     Notices  of  Lulicn  like  her,  from 
ducbeses  down  to  cliambermaids,    crim.  con.  c;ises 
]0? priests  aud  nobles,  robberies  and  swindling  Iricks, 
and  trials  for  crimes,  and  accou:Us   of  executions, 
'Sometimes  (ills  one  half  of  a  London  newspaper. 
'"     From  a  late  Lamlon puptr.    The  following-  Ijuis  been 
issued  from  xhe  secretary  of  sttite's  oilice  for  tlie 
\far  department,  in  Downing-street: 

♦•'SiK — 1  am  directed  by  lord  Bathurst,  to  acquaint 
you,  in  reply  to  your  letter  of  tlie ,  that  his  ma- 
jesty's government  have  it  under  consideration, 
whetlier  it  may  be  advisable  to  afford  next  year 
some  degree  of  encouragement  to  persons  willing 
to  proceed  as  settlers  to  tlie  Britisii  provii'.ccs  in 
Nortli  .Vmerica,  and  that  as  soon  as  tins  question 
shall  be  decided,  1  will  not  fail  to  conmuuiicate  the 
advantages  which  it  is  proposed  to  hold  out  to  them: 
but  I  think  it  right  now  to  apprise  }  ou,  that  wiiat- 
ever  determinUion  may  be  uliinuteiy  come  to  upon 
Ihis  question,  no  grants  of  limits  v.ill  hencefortli  be 
given  in  those  provmces  to  non-residents,  beyond 
the  means  of  the  parties  offering  to  proceed  thitlier 
mav  enable  them  to  cultivate.  lam,"  ice. 
'  London,  ^Y(,v.2l.  The  Java  wlU  be  launc.Iied 
from  Plymouth  dock-yard  on  tiie  16t]i  of  next 
montli.  'Slie  mounts  30  guns,  24  pounders,  on  the 
upper  deck;  28  carronades, 
jjounders  on  the  upper  deck. 
480. 

Length  of  deck     :         : 

Do.         of  keel  : 

Extreme  breadth  : 

Depth  in  hold  : 

Moulded        :  :  : 

Tons  burtiicn  : 

'■     Bnisaels,  Oct.  5.     Several  per-^uns  who  have  been 

guilty  of  excesses  and  acts  of  violence  towards  the 

■allied  soldiers  in  the  French  froiuicr  departments, 

^nd  who  ui'e  already  at  Lunenbiu-gii,  are  to  be  co?i- 

■  'vei/ed    to  dijftioit  fortressaa    in    Gennani/,    to   work 
there  upon   tlie  fortijiculions.      Notwitiisluiiding  the 

■  (punishments  iuriicted  from  time  to   time,  tlicre  is 
^^till  great  reason  to  complain  of  tin*  spirit  uf  the 

■  i.ilubitants,  who  do  not  t,eeni  inclhied  to  take  cXr 
ample  from  otlicrs. 

[Xow,  if  "devil-Bonaparte"  had  done  t'lus  to  tlie 
Spanish  patriots,  v.liat  would  tlie  "friends  of  order" 
'  j^ave  sa,id?j 


2  poiuKlers, 

aud  2  34 

Complement  of  men 

VZY.T. 

IXCBES. 

172 

G 

:           ; 

U5 

u 

43 

4 

;              ; 

.  14 

3 

4-2 

1,450. 

OongTCss. 


HOUSE  OF  KElMiEiEX  '.'ATIVES. 

On  Thursday,  tiie  21st  inst.  Mr.  Darlington  off'er- 
ed  for  consldci-aliou  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  Tiiat  the  committee  appointed  on  so 
mucli  of  tlic  president's  message  as  leiaies  to  roads 
and  canais,  be  instructed  to  eiiqui;-e  into  the  expe- 
diency of  exiending  prompt  and  efficient  aid,  ou  the 
Ipaj^'t  qf  the  general  govcTnnie;jtj  vo  tixt  company 


incorporated  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  a  canal 
from  the  waters  of  the  Cht-apeake  to  those  of  the 
Delii  ware,  commonly  called  the  Chesapeake  and  Dc-* 
lawure  Canal. 

Mr.  D.  said  lie  flattered  himself  tliat  the  house 
would  not  only  agree  to  the  resolution,  but  act  ef- 
fectually on  the  subject  of  it.  It  was  fashionable,  lie 
added,  to  call  oiu'selves  an  enlightened  jieoplc.  He 
was  not  disposed  to  controvert  this  })rinci;)lc,  but 
he  hoped  we  should  by  our  acts  substantiate  our 
claim  to  this  character.  The  members  of  tiie  go- 
vernment had,  he  believed,  been  made  sensible,  by 
tlie  coui'se  and  events  of  the  war,  of  the  importance 
of  inland  communication,  and  he  hoped  they  would 
during  peace  profit  by  their-cxperience,  and  give  ii 
all  the  aid  in  their  power. 

Tlie  motion  of  Mv.  D.  was  agreed  to 
Fiiday,  December  22.     Mr.  Kobcrtsou  made  the 
following  report : 

"  I'he  committee  on  the  public  lands  v.lio  were 
instructed  by  a  resolution  of  the  house  to  enquire 
into  tlie  expediency  of  granting  rights  of  occunar- 
cy  and  pre-emption  at  two  dollars  per  acre  to  ail 
such  persons  as  shall  be  actually  seated,  on  the  1st 
day  of  October,  1816,  upon  any  section  of  land  ol.." 
tained  by  treaty  or  conquest  from  tlie  Creek  i.atr.,:i 
of  Indians  during  the  late  wai-, 

Report,  That  from  tlie  year  1785  to  the  prescr.t 
time,  laws  to  prevent  imautliorised  iiuliAJduais  fiom 
settling  on  public  unappropriated  lands  of  the 
United  States,  have  been  in  constant  operation ;  tliut 
the  policy  and  wisdom  of  such  laws  api)ear  to  be 
undeniable.  If  those  by  which  they  ];ave  been  vle- 
lated  have  in  some  instances  been  \  cstcd  witii  the 
right  of  pre-emption,  yet  it  seems  clearly  impolitic 
to  hold  out  invitations  to  a  furtlicr  disregard  of 
iheni.  The  committee  are  not  aware  that  the  sjs.- 
tem  in  this  respect  requires  alteration  or  amend- 
ment. They  therefore  respectfully  subiiiit  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  : 

lleaohcl,  I'hat  it  is  inexpedient  to  grant  rights  of 
occupancy  or  pre-emption  to  such  jiersonj  as  shall 
settle  on  t!ie  public  lands  which  have  been  (/btaincd 
by  treaty  or  conquest  from  the  Creek  IntlLuis  dur- 
ing  the  late  wai'." 

This  report  beirig  under  consideration,  Mr.  Tho- 
mas opposed,  and  Mr.  Robertson  rcjdied  in  defence 
of  it. 

Mr.  Easton  moved  the  f  )llowhig  Instruction  to 
the  committee  on  roads  and  canals  : 

Jiciiolved,  That  tlie  c<.uinuvtee  on  roads  and  cav 
nals  be  instructed  to  enquire  into  tiie  ex")ediencv 
of  opening  and  improving  the  ibllowing  roads,  to 
wit,  from  Shawnee-ioun  to  Kaskaskias  in  Illinois  ; 
fiom  the  town  of  Hamilton  in  Ohio,  to  Vincenr.cs 
in  Indiana,  tlicnce  to  the"town  of  St.  Louis  in  rxlj.-j- 
souri,  theixe  by  ihe  way  of  Arkansas  to  tlie  north 
ern  boundary  line  of  the  state  ^)l:'  Loiiiiiaua. 
Mr.  Easton's  jdan  was  as  follows  : 
"The  president  of  tlie  United  States  to  be  authc- 
risedto  ajipoiiita  suitable  luunbcr  of  coiiunis.'doncis 
to  survey,  mark,  and  lay  out  the  said  .-..tds,  and  to 
designate  ijie  places  whei-e  It  will  be  necessarv  ;md 
proper  that  ])crsons  should  settle,  ibr  liie  purpose  of 
keei)ing  houses  of  entertainment  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  travellers — that  t!ic  governors  or  secreta- 
ries of  tiie  respective  territories  be  authorised  to 
lease  to  an  inhabitant  who  willsuttle  at  tliose  places, 
a  tract  of  land  not  exceeding'  G-iO  acres,  r.or  less 
than  320.  on  condiiion  of  their  opening  and  keeping 
in  repair  the  road,  for  tiiedist;mce  ;dloitcdlo  tJjcm, 
for  tlie  term  of  ten  years,  wliich  ailolmculs  sliall  be 
next  adjoining  tiie  lands  so  L-sed  to  them  respec- 
tively ;    aid  at  the  cxpi;-;.'.iou  of    th^  Icsc:-,  the 


310     NILES'  WEEKLY  REGLSTER— SATURDx^Y,  DECEMBER  30,  1815. 


lessees,  their  heirs  or  assigns,  upon  satisfy  in  p^  the 
president  of  the  United  Seates  for  the  time  being, 
that  they  liave  fulfilled  the  conditions  of  the  leases 
respectively,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  patent 
for  the  lands  so  leased  from  the  g-overnmcut :  pro- 
vided, that  no  one  lessee  shall  be  required  to  keep 
the  road  in  repair  for  more  tha;'.  five  miles  for  a 
tract  of  320  acres,  nor  more  than  ten  miles  for  a 
tract  of  640  acres ;  and  the  commissioners  in  laying- 
out  and  niarkin^;;-  said  roads,  sjiall  report  to  the  g-o- 
vernors  or  secretaries  the  several  allotments  speci- 
uliV",  specifvinp;  in  what  allotments  tiie  lessees  ong'Iit 
to  "be  entitled  to  640  acres,  and  in  wiiat  allotments 
they  'u-ill  be  entitled  to  a  less  quantity  of  land,  and 
to  "what  amonnt ;  \vhich  said  allotments  shall  re- 
spectively be  nmnbcrcd  and  laid  down  upon  a  plat 
of  the  said  roads,  to  be  platted  by  the  surveyors  to 
he  emploved  to  run  tlie  same — one  copy  whereof 
shall  be  deposited  with  the  g-overnor  of  the  territory 
in  which  the  road  shall  be,  and  other  copies  of  tlic 
plats  of  said  roads,  to  be  deposited  in  tjie  office  of 
the  commissioner  of  the  g-eneral  land  office." 

The  resolution  was  agreed  to. 

The  hou.sc  adjom-ned  until  Tuesday. 

Tucsdav,  December  26  After  the  presentation  and 
reference  of  twenty  or  thirty  petitions,  several  of 
wliich  were  from  manufacturers  claiming  the  protec- 
tion of  (government, 

Mr.  Taylor  of  New- York,  from  the  committee  of 
elections,  made  a  report  on  the  petition  of  Erastus 
]»oot,  contesting'  tlie  election  of  .]olia  Adams,  a 
member  returned  in  consequence  of  the  error  com- 
mitted by  th.e  deputy  clerk  of  Green  cmnty  (one  of 
the  two  composinj^  that  congressional  district)  who, 
in  cop'.ing-the  polls,  sjielttiie  nam.e  Jiott  instead  of 
Jioot,  whereliy  376  of  ids  votes  were  vitiated,  wiiich 
Icfc  a  majority  to  Mr.  Adams,  wlio  was  tiiereforc 
returned.  The  committee  report  tliat  Mr.  Uoot  had 
in  fact  tiie  m.^jority  of  votes,  as  appeared  by  evi- 
dence before  them,  and  was  admitted  by  Mr.  Adams. 
'I  he  committee  recommend  the  adoption  of  tlie  fol- 
lowing' resolutions  : 

"Jiesolved,  That  John  Adams  is  not  entitled  to  a 
seat  in  tiiis  Iiouse." 

"Resolved,  That  Erastus  Root  is  entitled  to  a  seat 
in  this  ho'.ise.'" 

Tlie  report  was  further  exjdaincd  by  T^Ir.  Taylor, 
and  no  objection  having  been  made  to  it  on  any  part, 
it  was  agreed  to  nam.  con. 

?.Ir.  ^ioot  a])pearetl,  v/as  qualified,  and  took  his 
scat. 

jril.TTART. 

Mr.  .Tohnson  of  Kv.  from  the  committee  on  mili- 
tary affairs,  reported  a  bill  "making  provision  for 
three  additional  military  academies  :" 

[Tliis  bill  proposes  that  there  sh.all  be  three  addi- 
tional military  academies  ;  one  within  the  District 
of  Columbiri,  one  at  Mount  Dearborn  in  South  Ca- 
rolina, and  one  in  tiie  vicinity  of  Newport,  at  the 
junction  of  tiie  Ohio  and  Licking  rivers,  in  tlie  state 
of  Kentucky,  with  the  same  establishment  of  officers, 
iiiid  under  the  same  regulations  generally  as  tlie 
jjrcsent  military  academy — the  number  of  cadets  in 
the  several  military  acadcimes  never  to  exceed  in 
the  whole  tiie  nnmbcr  of  eig'at  hundred.] 

The  bill  was  committed. 

THE   TH7.ATT. 

The  following  message  w:is  received  from  tlie  pre- 
sidrntof  tiie  Luited  Slates  by  Mr.  Todd  his  secre- 
tarv  : 
Tj  the  Senate  and  House  of  Ji-prL'se^itcitire.->, 

I  lay  before  congress  copies  of  a  proclamation  no- 
tify ingtiie  conveniion  concluded  with  Great  Rritain, 
on  th'j  third  day  of  July  last,  and  that  the  s..rjie  has 


been  duly  ratified  ;  and  I  recommend  to  congress 
such  legislative  provisions  as  tlie  convention  may 
call  for  on  the  part  of  tlie  United  St.'ites. 

JAMES  MADISOX, 
December  23,  1815. 

Tiie  message  and  treaty  were  referred  to  the 
committee  of  foreign  aflairs. 

'JJ>wsdaif,  nt-cemher  28.  Mr.  M'Lean  of  Ohio,  of' 
fered  for  consideration  the  following-  resolution  : 

"liesoJved,  that  the  committee  of  commerce  and 
manufactui'es  be  instructed  to  enquire  into  the  ex- 
pediency of  cstablisldng  by  la'.v,  a  port  of  entry  at 
Cincimiati  in  the  st.itc  of  Ohio." 

[Mr.  r»r-Lean  supported  ids  motion  by  some  re- 
marks that  would  have  confounded  my  lord  Slieifield 
— stating  that  it  was  designed  to  import  goods  riSi. 
rec<  from  Europe,  Sec.  to  this  place  <'ln  the  v/ood.?," 
See] 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Johnson  of  VLy.  the  proposed 
resolution  was  amended  by  adding  to  tiie  end  of  it 
the  words  "Louisville  in  the  state  of  Kentucky;" 
and,  thus  amended,  was  ag-reed  to. 

A  Ic.ter  was  received  from  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  transmitting  a  statement  of  the  duties  and 
drawbacks  on  goods  imjiorted  into  the  U.  States 
and  exported  theref:-oiTi  during  the  years  1812,  lg}3> 
and  1814;  whicii  were  ordered  to  be  printed. 

The  engrossed  bill  to  authorise  papnent  for  prp« 
perty  lost,  captured  and  destroyed  by  the  enemy 
whilst  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  dvn-lng 
tlie  late  war,  was  read  the  tliird  time,  and  p.assed 
— yeas  113;  nays  15. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Johnson,  the  house  resolved  it- 
self into  a  committee  of  the  whole,  Mr.  Desha  ii> 
the  chair,  on  tlie  bill  making-  provision  for  the  sup- 
port of  tJie  infirm,  disabled,  and  superannuated  of- 
ficers of  the  army  of  the  revolution,  of  the  late 
war,  and  of  the  army  for  the  time  being. 

The  bili  liaving  received  several  amendments  -vvas 
ordered  to  be  engrossed  for  a  third  reading. 


Commercial  Convention. 

JAMES  MADISON, 

PHESinSNT  OF  THE   UXITED  S TATLS  OF   AJtERTCA, 

To   all    and   siri^'iilar  to    luhom  these  presents  shall 
come,  greeting-  : 

Whereas  a  convention  between  tlie  United  States 
of  America  and  his  Uritannic  niajestr,to  regulate  the 
commerce  between  the  teri-ttories  of  the  United 
States  and  of  his  Britannic  majesty,  was  signed  at 
London  on  the  third  day  of  July  in  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  by  plenipoten- 
tiaries respectively  appointed  fur  tliat  purpose, 
which  convention  is  in  tJie  v/ords  following,  to  wit.  s 

A   CONVENTION, 

To  regulate  the  covimerce  Leitveen  the  territories  of  the 

United  States  and  of  Ids  Jlrilanrdc  majestij. 

The  United  States  of  America  and  his  i^ritannic 
majesty  lielng  desirous  b}'  a  convention  to  regulate^ 
the  commerce  and  navigation  betv.'ecn  their  respec- 
tive countries,  territories,  and  people,  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  render  the  same  reciproc;diy  beneficial 
and  satisfactory,  have  respectively  named  plenipo- 
tentiaries anil  given  lliem  ftdl  powers  to  treat  of 
and  conclude  such  convention,  that  is  to  say,  the 
president  of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  tlie  senate  thereof,  hath  ap- 
pointed for  their  jdenipotentiaries  John  Quincy 
Adams,  3!cnry  (;;ay  and  xVlbert  Gallatin,  citizens  of 
the  United  States;  :md  hit,  royal  liighness  tlie  prince 
regent,  acting  in  the  name  and  on  belialfof  his  ma- 
jesty, has  named  for  liis  plenipoteniiaries  tlie  right 
honorable  Frederick  John  Robinson,  vice-president 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTETl— BRITISH  TREATY. 


311 


of  tlie  connmittce  of  privy  council  for  trade    and 


plantations,  joiiitpaymafiter  ofhis  majesty's  forces, 
and  a  niomhei-  of  tl'.e  imperial  pavli.'iiient ;  Hc-p.ry 
Gonlb'.irn,  esq.  a  member  of  the  imperial  parliament, 
and  under  secretary  of  state,  and  William  Adams, 
esq.  doctor  of  civil  laws;  and  the  said  plenipoten- 
tiaries having-  mutvially  produced  and  sliewn  their 
said  full  powers,  and  e.\chan,^-ed  copies  of  the  same, 
have  ai^reed  on  and  concluded  the  following-  arti- 
cles, videlicet: 

Jh'tick  ih^- first. — There  .ihall  he  between  the  ter- 
ritories of  the  United  Siates  of  America  and  all  the 
territories  of  his  Britannic  majesty  in  Europe,  a  re- 
cipi-ocal  liberty  of  commerce.  The  inhabitants  of 
tlie  two  countries  respectively  .shall  have  liberty 
freely  and  securely  to  come  with  tlieir  ships  and 
car,c:oes  to  all  sucli  places,  ports  and  rivers  in  the 
territories  aforesaid  to  which  otlier  foreigners  are 
permitted  to  come,  to  enter  into  the  same  and  to 
remjun  and  reside  in  any  parts  of  the  said  territo- 
ries respectiveiv,  also  to  hire  and  occupy  houses 
and  warehouses  for  the  purposes  of  their  commerce; 
and  generally  the  merchants  and  traders  of  each 
nation  respectively  shall  enjoy  the  most  complete 
pi-otection  aixd  secvn-ity  for  their  conmierce,  but 
fiubjcct  always  to  the  laws  and  stattites  of  the  tv.o 
countries  respectively 

Arilde  the  second. — Xo  Imjuer  or  other  duties 
shall  be  imposed  on  the  importation  into  the  United 
States  of  any  articles  ttie  growth,  produce  or 
manufacture  of  his  Krituunic  mrijesty's  territories  in 
"Europe,  and  no  higlier  or  otlier  duties  shall  be 
imposed  on  the  i;nportation  into  tlie  terriiuries  of 
his  Britannic  majesty  in  I'Airope  of  any  articles  the 
growth,  produce  or  maniificture  of  the  U.  States 
than  are  or  s'lall  be  payable  on  the  like  articles 
being  the  growth,  produce  or  manufacture  of  any 
other  i')reign  country,  nor  sliall  an_v  iiiglier  or  other 
duties  or  cliarges  be  imposed  in  citjier  of  tlie  two 
counU'ie.s,  on  the  exportation  of  ;uuy  articles  to  the 
Uniicd  States  or  to  his  Britannic  majesty's  ter- 
ritories in  Euro])e,  respectively,  than  such  as  are 
p.iyable  on  the  exportation  f»f  the  like  articles 
to  any  otlier  foreign  country,  nor  shall  any  prohi- 
bition be  im'poscd  on  tlie  exportation  or  importation 
of  any  articles  the  growth,  jJioduce  or  niamu"ic- 
ture  of  Ihe  United  States  or  of  his  Britannic  majes- 
ty's territories  in  Europe,  or  to  or  from  the  said 
United.  States,  wincli  shall  not  enually  extend  to  all 
other  nations. 

No  hlgh.er  or  other  duties  or  c?i;vr<res  shall  be 
impo.sed  in  any  of  the  poi'ls  of  the  United  States  on 
Britisli  vessels,  than  those  jjayable  in  the  same  ports 
by  vessois  of  tiie  United  Slates;  nor  in  the  ports  of 
any  of  iiis  Britannic  majesty's  territories  in  Jiurojie 
on  the  vessels  of  the  United  States  tlian  sliall  be 
payable  in  the  same  ports  on  iJri'.ish  vessels. 

The  same  duties  shall  l)e  paid  on  the  importation 
into  the  United  States  of  any  articles  the  growth, 
produce  or  manufacture  of  !•  is  liritannic  majesty's 
terriiuries  in  Europe,  wii  2tlier  such  importatiun 
shall  be  in  vessels  of  the  United  States  or  in  Britisii 
Vessels,  and  the  same  duties  shall  be  paid  on  the 
importation  into  ports  of  any  ofhis  Britannic  majes- 
ty's lerrltories  in  Europe  of  any  article  i.i  the  growth, 
produce  or  manufacture  of  the  United  States,  whe- 
ther sucli  importation  shall  be  in  British  vessels  or 
in  vessels  of  tiie  United  States, 

The  same  duties  shall  Ijc  paid  and  t!ie  same 
bounties  allowed  on  the  exportation  of  any  articles, 
the  growtli,  produce  or  manufacture  of  his  Britannic 
majesty's  territories  in  Europe  u)  l,he  United  Stales, 
whether  such   exportation  shall  be  in  vessels  of  t!-.e 


duties  shall  he  paid,  and  the  same  bounties  allov.cd. 


Vuited  States,  or  vi  British  vessels;  and  the 


ime 


m  the  exportation  of  any  articles,  the  growth,  pro- 
duce or  manufacture  of  tlie  United  State.-,  to  his 
Britannic  majesty's  territories  i>i  Etu-oj^e,  whether 
such  exportation  shall  be  in  Britisli  vessels  or  lu 
vessels  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  'urther  agreed,  that  in  all  cases  where  draw 
backs  sre  or  may  be  allowed,  upon  (lie  re-exporta- 
tion of  any  goods,  the  growth,  produce  or  manufac- 
ture of  cither  country  respectively,  the  amount  of 
the  snld  drawbacks  shall  be  the  same,  whether  tlie 
said  goods  shall  have  been  o-riginally  imported  in  a 
British  or  .\merlcan  vessel;  but  when  such  re-ex- 
portation shall  take  place  from  tlie  United  States  in 
a  Britisii  vessel  or  from  tlie  territories  of  liis  Tritan- 
nic  mrgesty  in  Europe  in  an  American  vessel,  to 
any  otlier  foreign  nation,  the  two  contracting  par- 
ties reserve  to  tiiemselves  respectively,  the  rightof 
regulating  or  diminislung.  In  such  case,  the  amount 
of  the  said  drawback. 

The  hilercoursc  l,>etween  the  United  States  and 
his  Britr.nnic  majesty's  possessions  in  the  West  Ir- 
dies,  and  on  the  continent  of  Xorth  America,  .shall 
not  be  efrected  by  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
srticle,  but  ec.ch  ji.irty  shall  remiiin  in  the  com- 
plete possession  of  its  rights,  willi  re.spect  to  iucli 
an  intercourse. 

Article  the  third. — His  Brit.vuiic  majssty  r.pTcets 
that  t!ie  vessels  of  the  United  States  of  AmeVica, 
.shall  be  admitted,  and  hospitably  received  at  t!-e 
principal  settlements  of  the  British  dominions  iiv 
the  East  Indies,  videlicet,  Calcutia,  M.idras,  P.om- 
hay,  and  Prince  of  Wales'Isl.'^Liul,  and  thai  the  citi- 
zens of  the  said  United  States  may  freely  carry  o»i 
trade  between  the  said  principal  settlements  and 
the  said  United  States,  in  all  articles  of  which  tli't 
iiTiportatl.m  and  exportation,  rci-pectively,  to  and 
from  the  said  terri'orics,  shall  not  be  ciitirely  proid- 
bited  :  jji-ovided  only,  that  it  shall  not  he  lawful  for 
them  in  any  time  ofwar,  between  tiie  British  govern 
ment  and  any  state  or  power  whatever,  to  export 
from  the  said  territories,  without  tlie  special  permi  ■- 
slonofthe  Britirjh  government,  any  military  s<ores 
or  naval  stores,  or  rice.  The  citizens  of  tne  Unit- 
ed States  shall  pay  for  t'leir  vessels,  wiien  admitted, 
no  higher  or  otlier  duty  or  charge  tiian  siiall  !;s 
payable  on  the  vessels  ftf  the  most  favoi-ed.  Europe:i'i 
nations,  and  tiiey  shall  pay  no  higher  or  other  du 
tics  or  chai-gcs  on  the  imp<n-trition  or  exporiation  of 
the  cargoes  of  tlic  said  vessels,  than  shall  be  paya- 
ble on  the  same  iirlicles  when  im.portcd  or  export- 
ed in  the  vessels  of  the  most  fivored  European  na- 
tions. 

I'ut  il  is  cx]M-cssly  agreed,  that  the  ■■.■er^sels  of'.lic 
United  .States  siiali  not  f.irrv  any  articles  from  the. 
said  ]n-incipal  settlesiients  lo  any  ;-,(n-t  or  place, 
except  to  some  port  or  place  in  tjie  Ur.i;ed  Su.te.v 
of  America,  wiiere  the  same  sliall  be  uniaden. 

It  is  also  understood,  tliat  Die  pcrnii'ision  granted, 
by  this  article,  is  not  to  extend  to  allow  tlic  vessel-s 
of  the  United  States  to  ciirry  on  any  part  of  tlic 
coasting  trade  of  tlie  said  iirjiis!i  tei-ritories,  but  tin.'} 
vessels  of  tlie  United  States  having,  i.\  the  lir^.t  in-' 
stance, proceeded  to  one  of  liie  snid  principal  setlh  - 
ments  of  the  iiriilsii  dominions  in  tlic  E..st  Indies, 
and  tlien  going  with  their  orijyniul  cargoes,  or  pari 
thereof,  from  one  (.f  the.  said  |)rinc;|(al  scLtlemcnts 
to  anotJier,  s'udl  not  be  corisideacd  as  carrying  on 
tlie  coasting  trade.  T'le  vessels  of  tl'.c  U.  Sti.'.cs 
may  also  touch  fv)r  refreshment,  but  not  for  cmn- 
mtrce,  in  the  course  of  tlieir  voyage  to  or-,from  Bri- 
tisn  territories  in  I;;dia,  or  to  or  fiom  the  domm.icms 
of  the  emperor  of  China,  ;;t  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
tiic  Island  of  St.  iieleua,  or  sucli  other  places  as 


312    KILES' WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  DECEMBER30,  1815. 


may  be  in  the  possession  of  Great  Britain,  in  tiie 
African  or  Indian  seas,  it  being-  well  undersiood 
that  in  all  that  regards  this  article,  the  citizens  of 
the  United  States' shall  be  subject,  in  all  respects, 
to  the  laws  and  rcg'ulalions  of  the  Rriiish  tjovcrn- 
racnt,  from  time  to  time  established. 

Article  the  fourth.  It  shiiU  be  free,  for  each  of  the 
two  contracting  parties,  respectively  to  appoint  con- 
suls for  the  protection  of  trade,  to  reside  in  the 
dominions  and  territories  of  the  other  party,  but 
before  any  consul  shall  act  as  such,  he  shall  in  the 
tisual  form  be  approved  and  admitted  by  the  govern- 
nicnt  to  whicli  he  is  sent,  and  it  is  hereb}-  declaretl 
that  in  case  of  illegal  or  improper  conduct  towards 
the  laws  or  government  of  the  country  to  which  he 
js  sent,  such  consul  ma}  either  be  punished  accord- 
ing to  the  law,  if  the  laws  will  reacii  the  case,  or  be 
:;ent  back,  the  offended  government  assigning  to 
the  other  the  reasons  for  the  same. 

It  is  hereby  declared  tliat  cither  of  the  contract- 
ing parties,  may  except  from  the  residence  of  con- 
buls  such  piu-ticular  places  as  such  party  shall  judge 
lit  to  be  so  excepted. 

Article  the  fifth.  Tiiis  convention,  wlien  the  same 
shall  have  been  duly  ratified  by  the  iiresident  of  the 
United  States,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  their  senate,  and  by  his  15ritunnic  majesty,  uid 
the  respective  ratiilcations  mutually  exchanged, 
shall  be  binding  and  obligatory  on  the  said  United 
States  and  his  majesty  for  four  years  from  tlic  date 
of  its  signature,  and  the  ratifications  sliall  be  ex- 
changed in  six  months  from  this  time,  or  sooner  if 
possible. 

Done  at  London,  tliis  tliird  day  of  Jidy  in  the  ye;. r 
of  our  l^ord  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  fifteen. 
(l.  s.)  JOHN  Q  ADAMS, 

(l.  s.)  H.  clay, 

(l.  9.)  ALBKRT  GALLATLV, 

(i,.  s.)  FRED.  J.   KOHINSOX, 

(L.  s.)  HKNJiY  GUULBUKX, 

(l.  s.)  WILLIAM  ADAMS. 

"Now,  therefore,  be  it  kno*n,  thatl,  J.*..mi.s  Mapi- 
sns,  president  of  the    United    States   of  America, 
luiving  seen  and  considered  the  foregoing  conven- 
tion, liave  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the   senate,  accepted,  ratified  and  confirmed  the 
same,  and  every  clause  and  article  thereof,  subject 
to  the  exception  contained  in  a  declaration  made  by 
the  authority  of  his  Ih-itamac   majesty  on  tiie  24tii 
dav  of  November  last,  u  copy  of  which  declaration 
is  hereunto  annexed. 
In  testimony  whereof,  1  have  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United  States  lo  be  hereunto  aiiixed,  and 
huve  signed  the  same  with  my  Land.     Done  at 
i,  s.  the  City  of  Washington  this  tvvent) -second  day 
of  December,  A.  1).  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  fifteen,    and  of  tlie   independence  of  the 
United  States  the  fortieth. 

JA:MES  MADISON. 
By  the  President : 

JAMES  MONIJGF,, 

Sccretar'j  of  Huitc. 
DErLAI}.\.TlOX. 
The  undersigned,  his  Brilannic  majesty's  charge 
d'alVairs  in  the  United  States  of  America,  is  com- 
manded by  his  royal  liighness  the  prince  regent, 
acting  in  the  name  and  on  the  behalf  of  his  majesty, 
to  explain  and  declare,  upon  the  excliange  of  the 
vatificatinns  of  tl)c  convention  concluded  at  London 
on  the  3d  of  .^uly,  of  the  jjresent  year,  for  regid.it- 
jr.;'-  the  commerce  and  navigation  between  the  two 
/Eountrics,  that  inconsequence  ef  events  whicii  have 
;  apn<;ned  i'.v  'Juropc  i>ubsequent  to  tlic  tugnuture  of 


the  convention  aforesaid,  it  has  been  deemed  expe- 
dient and  determined  in  conjunction  witn  the  allieci 
sovereigns,  tliat  St.  Helena  shall  be  the  place  allot' 
ted  for  the  future  residence  of  geiteral  Napoleon 
Bonaparte,  under  such  regulations  as  may  bencces- 
sar\-  for  tiie  |)errect  security  of  his  person,  and  it 
has"  been  resolved,  for  that'purposc,  that  all  ships 
and  vessels  whatever,  as  well  Rritish  ships  anc'  ves- 
sels as  others,  cxcepung  onlv  ships  belonging  to  the 
East  India  Company,  shall  be" excluded  from  all  com- 
luunication  wiiii  or  approach  to  that  Island. 

It  lias  therefore  become  impossible  to  comply 
vvitli  so  much  of  the  third  article  of  the  treaty  as  re- 
lates to  tiie  iibertv  of  toucliing  for  refreshments  at 
the  island  of  St.  llelcn.i,  and  the  ratifications  of  the 
said  treaty  v.iil  be  exchanged  under  the  exfilicit 
declaration  ;md  understanding  that  the  vessels  ot 
the  United  Slates  cannot  be  allowed  to  touch  at,  or 
liold  any  communication  whatever  w^ith  tiie  said 
island,  so  long  as  the  said  island  shall  continue  to  bp 
the  place  of  residence  of  the  said  Napoleon  Bona. 
parte. 

(Signed)         ANTHONY  ST.  JNQ.  BAKEU. 
J f'ashiiigion,  jYovember  24:,  1315.  ' 


Treacy  with  Alij;iers. 

JA>.iK!i  MADLSUN, 

PHESIBEXT  OF  THE  USit'ED  STATtS  OF  AMF.HICA, 

To  all  (uul  mn^idar  to  ivhom  these  presents  shall  come, 
Greeting  : 

WHEUEAS  a  treaty  of  peace  and  amity  between 
the  United  States  of  America  and  his  highness  O- 
niar  Bastiaw,  dey  ot  Algiers,  was  concluded  at  Al- 
giers on  the  3'Jih  day  of  June  last,  by  S;ephen  De« 
catui"  and  William  Shaler,  citizens  of  tiie  United 
States,  on  the  pan  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
said  Om;u'  Bashaw,  dey  of  Algiers,  ujtd  was  duly 
signed  and  sealed  by  the  said  parties,  which  treaty- 
is  in  the  words  following,  to  wit: 
Treati/  of  peace  and  amity  concluded  between  the  Uiit' 

led  dtutes  of  America  and  his  highness   Omar  Ba- 

shavj,  deij  tJ'Alq-iers. 

All  TICLE  TIIE  FIRST. 

There  shall  be,  from  the  conclusionof  this  treaty, 
afirm,  inviolable  and  universal  peace  and  friendship 
between  the  president  and  the  citizens  of  tlie  Uni- 
ted States  ot  America  on  the  one  part,  and  the  dey 
and  subjects  of  the  regency  of  Algiers  in  Barbary 
on  the  other,  made  by  the  free  consent  of  both  par- 
ties, on  the  terms  of  the  most  favored  nations:  and 
ii  either  party  sinill  hereafter  grant  to  any  otiier  na- 
tion any  particular  favor  or  privilege  in  navigation 
or  commerce,  it  shall  immediately  became  common 
lo  tiie  otlier  party,  ireelv  when  it  is  freely  granted 
to  sucli  otiier  nations;  but  when  the  gi-ant  is  condi- 
lional,  ii.  shall  be  at  the  option  of  the  contracting' 
parties  to  accep.,  alter  or  reject  such  conditions,  in 
iUcn  manner  as  shall  be  most  conducive  to  their  re« 
specti\  c  interests. 

ARTICLE  THE  SECOND. 

It  is  distinctly  understood  between  die  contract- 
ing parlies,  thai  no  ribute,  eitner  as  biennial  pre- 
sents or  under  any  other  form  or  name  whatever, 
sliall  ever  be  required  by  the  dey  and  regencN  of  Al« 
gicrs  ti'om  the  Lnited  Suites  of  America,  on  any  pre- 
text whatever. 

ARTICLE  THE  THIRD. 

The  dey  of  Algiers  sliall  cause  to  be  immediately 
delivered  up  to  l.ie  American  squadron,  now  off  Al* 
giers,  all  the  American  citizens  now  in  his  pos- 
session, a;noi:nti ig  tj  ten  more  or  less;  and  al  tite 
subji-c.s  of  tlie  dey  ot  Algiers  nov/  in  p.js^esbion  of 
the  United  States,  amouaiing  to  five  liuvidred  mo?C 


MILES'  \^EEKLY  REGISTEH-TREATV  WITH  ALGIERS.        31^ 


-'V  lci5,  shall  be  delivered  up  to  him,  the  Lnited 
States,  according  to  the  usages  of  civilr/.cd  nations, 
iiequirhf  no  ransom  for  the  excess  of  prisoners  in 
their  favor. 

ARTICLE  THE  FOUTlTn. 

A  iwst  and  full  compensation  shall  be  made  by  tlie 

dey  of  \lt?iers  to  such  citizens  oftlie  United  States 

as  have  been  captured   and  detained  by   Algerir.e 

•  i,_  1 u^«.,  r„„^i^,t   tr>  fihTiilau  their 


cruizers,  or  who  have  been  forced  to  abandon  their 
property  in  Algiers  in  violition  of  the  t\venty-se- 
cond  aricle  of  the  treaty  of  pe.ce  and  amity,  con- 
cluded between  t'le  United  States  and  the  dey  ot 
Algiers,  on  the  5*^^h  of  September,  1795. 

And  it  is  agreed  between  tne  conl'-ucting  parucs, 
Uiat  in  lieu  on  he  above,  the  dev  of  Algiers  shall 
cause  to  be  delivered  fo-tiivvlth  into  the  hands  or  tiie 
Vmerican  consul,  residing  at  Algiers,  tiie  w'nole  of 
aquantity  of  bales  of  coUon,  lef.  by  the  hte  consul 
general  of  the  United  State.;,  in  the  p-.blic  maga- 
zines in  Algiers,  .and  that  he  shall  pay  in'o  the 
h.ands  of  tiie  said  consul  the  sum  often  thousand 
Spanish  dollars. 

ARTICLE  THE  FIFTH. 
.'    If  any  wods  belonging  to  any  )iatiou  with  wliich 
either  ofttie  parties  are  at  war,  sliould  be  loaded  nn 
board  vessels  belonging    to    the  other   party,  tliey 
shall  pass  free  and  unmolested,   and   no  attempts 
sliall  be  made  to  take  or  detain  them. 
ARTICLE  THE  SIXTH. 
If  any  citizens  or  subjects  with  their  effects  be- 
longing to  either  party    shad  be   found  on  board  a 
'prize  vessel  taken  from  an  enemy  by  the  other  par- 
ty, sach  citizens  or  subjects  shall  "bo  liberated  im- 
m'ediatelv,  and    in  no  c;se,  on   any  other  pretence 
Wh.-tever  shall  any  American  citizen  be  kept  in  cap- 
'.livity  or  confinement,  or  the  property  of  any  Ame- 
rican citizen  found  on  board  of  any  vessel  belonging 
to  any  other  nation,  with  which  Algiers  may  be  at 
war,  be  detained  from  its  Lawful  owners   afier   the 
exhibition  of  sufficient  proofs  of  American  citizen- 
ship .and  of  Am  rican  propery  by  the  consul  of  the 
United  States,  residing  at  Algiers. 

ARTICLE  THE  SEVENTH. 
Proper   passports  shall  immediately  be  given  to 
the  vessels  of  both  the  contracting  parties,  on  con- 
dition that  the  vessels  of  war,  belonging  to  the  re- 
gency of  Algiers,  on  meeting  with  merchant  vessels 
belonging  to  the   citizens  of  the  United  Scatesoi 
America,  shall  not  be  permitted  to  visit  them  wiili 
more  than  two  persons  besides  the  rowers;  tiiese  on- 
ly shall  be  permitted  to  goon  board   widioul  iirSt 
,.  obtaining  leave  from  the  commar.;ler  of  said  vessel, 
f  who    shall  compare  the  passport,  and  immediaicly 
permit  said  vessel  to  proceed  on   her  voyage;  and 
should  any  of  tiie  subjects  of  Algiers  insult  or  mo- 
lest the   commander  or  any  other  person  on  board  a 
vessel   so  visitesl,   or    plunder  any  of  the  property 
eontained  in  her,  on   complaint  being  made  by  the 
ctonsulof  the  United  States  residing^  in  Algiers,  and 
on  his  producing  sifficient  proof  to  substanti.iie  the 
-  fact,  the  commander  or  U;us  of  said  Aigerine  ship 
'    ^r  vessel  of  war,  as  well  as  the  offenders,  shall  be 
punished  in  the  most  exemplary  manner. 

All  vessels  of  war,  belonging  to  the  United  States 
of  America,  on  meeting  a  cruizcr  belonging  to  die 
Agency  of  Algiers,  on  having.'see;!  her  passpoi-  s  and 
eeVtificates  from  the  consul  of  the  Uiii.ed  States, 
residing  in  Algiers,  shall  permit  her  to  proceed  on 
■  her  cridze  unmolesletl,  ynd  without  detentio;;.  N.. 
passports  shall  be  granted  by   eitiier  p.arty   to   an 


ARTICLE  THE  EIGHTH. 

A  citizen  or  subject  of  eilhe.'  of  the  contracting 
parties,  having  bought  a  prize  vessel  condemned  by 
thcother  party,  or  by  any  otlier  nation,  the  certifi- 
cates of  condemnation  and  bill  of  sale  shall  be  a  suf- 
ficient passport  for  sucli  vessel  for  six  montli.s  whicli, 
considering  the  dis-ance  betvvecn  the  two  countries, 
is  no  more  than  a  re:isonable  time  for  her  to  procure 
proper  passports. 

ARTICLE  THE  NINTH. 
Vessels  of  either  of  die  contracting  parties,  put- 
ting into  the  ports  of  tlic  other,  and  having  need  of 
provisions  or  ot'ier  supplies,  shall  be  furnished  at 
t.ie  market  price — imd  n  any  such  vessel  should  so 
nut  in  from  a  disl.uice  at  sea,  and  ;.ave  occasion  to 
rep..ir,  she  shall  be  at  liberty  to  land,  and  re-emb  .rk 
her  cargo,  without  paying  any  customs  or  duuea 
whatever,  but  in  no  Cise  shall  she  be  compelled  to 
land  her  cargo. 

ARTICLE  THE  TENTH. 
Should  a  vessel  of  eiiiierofthe  contracting  par- 
ties be  cast  on  shore  within  the  territories  ot  the 
other,  all  proper  assistance  shall  be  given  ta  hei- 
crew— no  pillage  shall  !)C  allowed.  Tie  property 
siiall  remain  at  the  li  posal  of  die  owmers;  and  ii  re- 
shipped  on  board  of  any  vessel  'or  exportation,  no 
customs  or  duties  vvhaie,  er  shall  be  required  to  be 
paid  thereon,  and  the  crew  shall  be  protected  anil 
succoured,  until  tiiey  cim  be  sent  to  their  own  coun- 
try. 

ARTICLE  THE  ELEVENTH. 
If  a  vessel  of  eitiier  of  the  contracting  parties  shall 
he  attiicked  by  an  enemy  witniu  dnnon  suot  of  the 
fortsof  the  other,  she  shall  be  protected  as  much 
:v3  is  possible.  If  she  be  in  port,  sUe  shall  noL  be 
seized  or  attacked,  when  it  is  in  the  power  of  the 
other  party  to  protect  her;  and,  when  she  proceeds 
to  sea,  no  enemy  shall  be  permitted  to  pursue  her 
from  the  same  port,  wi.tiiu  twenty-four  hours  after 
her  departure. 

ARTICLE  TIIE  TWELFTH. 
The  commerce  between  the  U.  SUtesof  America 
and  the  Regency  of  Algiers,  tiie  protections  cO  be 
given  to  mercnimts,  jnasters  of  vessels,  and  seamen, 
t!ie  i-eciprocal  rig.usof  estubli.,liing  consuls  in  eacii 
country)  and  the  privileges,  immunities  and  juris- 
dictions to  be  enjoyed  by  sucli  consuls,  are  dccUU- 


ed  to  be  on  the  saine  tboiing   in  every  respect  with 
themost  favorel  nations respcciivcly. 

ARTICLE  THE  THIRTEENTH. 
The  consul  of  tiic  United  States  oi  .\merica  shall 
not  be  responsible  for  the  debts  contracted  by  citi- 
zens of  Ids  own  nation,  unle.-4s  he  previously  giv.es 
wriiten  otiligaiions  so  to  do. 

ARIICLE  TilE  I'OUIiTEENTII. 
On  a  vessel  or  vessels  or  w.r,  beiongin-.:  to  the 
U.  States,  anchoring  before  the  city  of  Algiers,  the 
consul  is  to  inibrm  he  Dey  of  iier  arrival,  when  she 
shall  receive  the  saluiea  wuich  :u-e  by  tre.  ty  or  cus- 
tom given  to  the  ships  of  war  of  the  most  favored 
nations,  on  similar  occa-dons,  and  wliieh  snail  be 
returned  gun  tor  gun;  and  if  after  such  arrival,  s<» 
announced,  any  chris  i.ius  whatsoever,  cap'.ivss  in 
Algiers,  in.ike  Jieir  escape  and  take  refuge  on  board 
;tnyof  ihesliips  of  war,  they  sliall  not  be  required 
b..ck  ag.dn,  nor  sli-*.ll  the  co.isul  of  die  Uiutcl  S  .atcs 
or  commander  of  said  ^'■ip,  be  required  to  pay  anjf 
t;dng  for  tae  said  cliristiiJis. 

Ai-iriCLE    rUE   FIFTEENTH. 
As  the  government  of  the    U.  States   of  America 
has  in  iself  nochariicterot  enmilyaguinst  the  laws, 
religion,  or  tranquilit)  of  any  nation,  and  as  the  said 


passporis  buaii  uc  gramma  uy    citiicr   (.".ii  ij     <■"    «'".>  |>^'"8»"-'>  "'    ^^....-j j  --  — j   > — 

tessels,  but   such  as  are    ;ibsolatcly  the  property  of  (states  iiave  never  ei.cjed  into  any  voluntary  war  o: 

citizens  or  subjects  of  tne  s;.id  centeacting  part'iso,  [act  of  iiostiii.y,    except    in   defence   of  their  just 

oi\  any  pi-etence  whatever.  [rights  on  uie  higU  seas,  it  is  declared  by  tiie   con- 


3  1 4    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  30,  1815. 


ti'actiiig  parlies,  tbat  no  pretext  arising-  from  reli- 
gious opinions  shall  ever  produce  an  interruption  or" 
the  harmony  existing^  bet.veen  the  two  nations;  and 
the  coiisiilaa.Hl  iig-enis  oi' both  nations  shrill  liave  li- 
bei-tv  to  celebrate  tlie  rites  ol'  their  respective  reii- 
£>-ions  in  their  own  iiouses. 

Tiie  consuls  respectively  shall  have  liberty  and 
personal  security  g-iven  them  to  travel  within  the 
territories  oi' each  other  botli  by  land  und  sica,  and 
shall  not  be  jircvented  f;"om  going-on  boAi'J  anvves- 
sclstiiey  may  tliiiikiiroper  to  visit:  they  shall  like- 
wise have  tiu;  liberty  to  appoint  their  ov/n  drotjo- 
uian  and  broker. 

ARTICLE  TITR  STXIT.EXTfl. 

In  case  of  any  dispute  arising-  from  the  violation  oT 
nnv  of  the  articles  of  tijis  treaty,  no  apjieals  shall  be 
tnade  to  anns,novbhtdl  war  be  declared  on  any  pre- 
text wiiat  ever;  but  if  the  consul  residing-  at  the 
]dace  where  the  ilispute  shall  happen,  shall  not  be 
able  to  settle  t'le  same,  the  g-overnment  of  that 
country  shall  state  their  grievance  in  writinsr, 
uUd  transmit  tl)e  same  to  the  g-overnnient  of  tiie 
t)tiiel',  and  tlie  period  of  tin-ee  months  shall  be  al- 
lowed for  rmswers  to  be  relumed,  during  which 
time  no  act  of  hostility  sliall  be  permitted  by  either 
party;  and  in  case  th.e  g-i-ievanc,es  are  not  redressed, 
and  a  war  shouldl)e  t!ie  event,  tlie  consuls  and  citi- 
zens and  subjects  of  both  p;u-ties  resijectiveh',  sh-all 
be  permitted  to  embark  v.itii  their  elTects  unmolest- 
ed, on  board  ofwiiat  vessel  or  vessels  tliey  shall 
think  proper,  reasonable  time  being  allowed  for  tliat 
purpose. 

ARTICLE  THE  SEVEXTEEXTII. 
If  in  the  course  of  events,  a  war  should  break  out 
between  the  two  nations,  tlie  prisoners  captured  ])y 
cither  party  sh.idl  not  be  made  slaves,  they  siiall  not 
be  forced  to  hard  labor,  or  other  confinement  than 
sach  as  inliy  be  necessary  to  secure  their  safe  keep- 
ing-, and  .s]i.dl  be  exchang-ed  rank  for  rank;  and  it 
is  ag-rced  that  prisoners  shall  be  excliang-ed  in 
twelve  montlis  afier  tiieir  cajiture,  and  the  exchang-e 
may  be  effected  by  any  private  individual  legally 
authorised  by  eitiier  of  the  parties. 

ARTICLE  THE  EIGlirEEXTil. 

If  any  of  the  IJarbary  states  or  other  jjowers  at 
war  with  the  United  States,  .shall  capture  any 
American  vessel  and  send  into  any  poi-t  of  tiie  re- 
fjcncy  of  Alg-iers,  they  shall  not  be  permitted  to  sell 
);cr,  but  shall  be  forced  to  depart  the  poi-t,  on 
p-.'ocuring  the  requisite  supplies  of  ])rovisions;  but 
tiie  vessels  of  the  war  of  tlic  united  States,  with  any 
prizes  tiiey  may  caj^ture  from  tiieir  enemies  shall 
have  liberLy  to  frcqr.ent  the  ports  ot  Ali^iers,  for  re- 
freshment of  any  kinds,  aiid  to  sell  such  prizes,  in 
the  said  ports,  without  any  other  customs  or  duties, 
^han  such  as  are  customary  ohordhiaiy  comuiercjiil 
?.nporta1iona. 

ARTICLE  THE  NTNETEEXTH- 

Tf  any  of  tlie  citizens  of  the  United  Statss,  or  any 
pCi'Hons  r.nder  tlicir  protiction,  sh;.ll  have  any  dis- 
putes witii  eaCii  otiic:-,  the  consul  shall  decide  be- 
tween t!ie  i^arties,  an  i  whenever  the  cwnsul  shall 
requii'e  ;my  aid  or  assistance  fi-om  the  government 
of  Aigiei-s  to  enforvie  his  decisions,  it  shall  be  im- 
mediately granted  to  hint;  and  if  any  disputes  shall 
•oj-isebetv.'een  any  citizen;;  of  the  U.nled  Slates  and 
the  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  other  nation  Jiaving 
a  consul  or  agent  in  Algiers,  euch  disputes  shall  be 
nettled  by  the  consuls  or  agents  of  the  respective 
'nations;  and  any  disputes  ov  suits  at  law,  that  may 
lake  jilacc  between  any  citizens  <;f  the  United  States 
aiix-i  tiie  subjects  of  the  regency  of  Algiers,  shall  be 
uccided  by  the  tley  in  per.soii,  and  no  otli^r,^ 


AlllICLE  THE  TWENTIETH. 

If  a  citizen  of  th.e  United  States  should  kll!, 
woiuid,  or  strike  a  subject  of  Algiers,  or,  on  tl,^ 
contrary,  a  subject  of  Algiers  should  kill,  wound 
or  strike  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  the  law  of 
the  country  sii;dl  take  place,  .and  equal  jiislice  shall 
be  rendered,  the  consul  assisting  at  the  trial ;  fjut 
the  sentence  of  punishment  ag-ainst  an  Americait 
citizen  shall  not  be  greater  or  more  severe,  than  It 
would  be  agi.inst  a  Tin-k  in  the  sam.e  predic.iment, 
and  if  any  delinquent  should  mate  his  esca])e,  tlie 
consul  shall  not  be  responsible  for  him  in  any  man- 
ner whatever. 

ARllCLE  THE  TA\'T"A'TY-FIRST. 

The  consul  of  the  United  States  cf  America  sliall 
not  be  required  to  pay  atty  cu.~.tom.i  or  dulies  v.iiit- 
ever  on  any  thing-  he  intports  from  a  fbi-eign  co'dh- 
try  for  tJ^e  use  of  his  house  andfamilv-, 

ARTICLE  THE  TWENTY-SECOND. 

Should  any  of  tlie  citizens  of  the  United  St.ites 
of  America  die  within  the  limits  of  the  regency  at 
Alg-iers,  the  dey  and  his  subjects  shall  not  interfere 
with  the  jiroperty  of  die  decea.sed,  bui  it  shall  beiin- 
dertlie  imtnediate  direction  of  the  consul,  unless  „ 
otherwise  disposed  of  by  will.  Should  there  be  no 
consul,  the  efl'ec's  shall  be  rieposited  in  the  hands 
of  some  person  worthy  of  trust  until  the  party  shall 
.tppeai  who  has  a  right  to  demand  them,  when  they 
shall  render  an  account  of  the  property;  neither  shidl 
the  dey  or  his  subjects  give  hindrance  in  the  execu- 
tion of  any  v.ill  that  may  appear. 


Nov/,  tlierefore,  be  it  known,  that  I,  Ja.mks  Mahi- 
sox,  pi-esidtnt  of  the  United  States  of  Auieiica,  hav- 
ing  seen  and  considered  he  said  treaty,  have,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  ac- 
cepted, ratiiied  and  coniii-nicd  the  same,  and  evtiy 
clause  and  itrticle  thereof 

In  testimou}-  wiiereof,    I  have  caused    the  seal 
of  the  United  States  to  be   hereunto  affixed,, 
^"'^■•^^and  liave   signed  the  same  with  my  hand. — 
^J<  ^;§Done  at  the  city  of  Washington  tids  twenty- 
sixth  day  of  December,  A.  I),  one  tliousand 
eight    hundred  and  fifteen^  and  of  tiie  iiide- 
jiendence  of  the  United  States  the  fortieth. 
JA.MES  -MADISON. 
13y  the  President, 

James  Moxuof.,  Secretarv  of  State. 


Emigration  to  ximerlca. 

FKOM  CORBETt's  KEGISTEU. 

Several  ])ersons  have  addressed  me  witli  a  view  of 
obtaining  information,  necessary  to  them,  having 
au  intention  to  emigrate  to  America.  I  should  verv 
uiliingly  comply  with  their  requests;  but,  in  the 
first  place,  it  must  be  obvious  to  them,  that  I  can- 
not liiive  the  time  to  do  it.  In  the  second  place,  it 
is  impoasiblefor  me  to  know  the  particular  circum- 
stances and  capacities  of  the  parties  appl3Lng  so 
thoroughly  as  to  be  able  to  give  them  advice.  And 
in  the  third  place,  I  sh-all  never  advise  any  jjerson  to 
go  to  America,  or  to  any  other  foreign  ctxmtrv,  un- 
Iciis  I  am  personally  acquainted  with  sue!,  person, 
arid  am  pretty  certain  that  he  would  better  himself 
by  such  a  removal.  AVhat  I  iiave  written  aljoul  A- 
merica  all  my  readers  know.  With  that  informa- 
tion, and  with  other  information,  that  they  may  ac- 
quire, they  must  judge  for  tiiemselves.  'I'lio-ecau 
be  no  doubt  of  the  happiness  of  a  country,  which  so 
raj^idly  encreases  in  population  and  resources,  while 
the  expences  of  government  are  so  trifling.  A  peo- 
ple, whose  population  is  now  nearly  as  great  as  tfiat 
of  Engli^nd  iuid  Scotland,  un.'l   wliose  government. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHROKICLE. 


O   1  f 


debt  and  all,  docs  not  demand  more  than  a  tweU;li 
pai-toftliesum  from  tliem  that  oars  demiiiKls  from 
us,  must  be  happy.     But  wliether  Englishnien,  g'o- 
ina:  among-st  that  people,  would  be   happier  than 
tlievarc  at  home  must  he  left  to  thedecisioa  of  their 
own  judsi,'ment.     It  is  \cvy  cert  .in,  that  to  go  to  A- 
merica  wiTn  a  view  of  living'  an  idle  life,  woukl  pro- 
duce sad  disappointment.     Sinecure  pLicemen,  pen- 
sioners,  g^randees,  venal  newspaper  writers  and  re- 
viewers, pu't'ers,  parasites,  and  quacks  in  every  de- 
partment,  will  certainly  act  wisely  in  remaining  ac 
home      Gentlemen  who  teach  reiig-ion,  if  tiiey  have 
benefices  to  tolei-able  g'ood  chapels,  may  remain  safe- 
ly here;  tiiey  woukl  noc  bettei*  their  lot  by  emigra- 
tion to  America.     Lawye;-s,  whether  in  silk  or  cam- 
blet  gowns,  will  do  v/ell  to  remain;  for,  thoug-li  there 
is  a  great  dc'J  of  law-woi-k  in  America,  the  native 
p^rowth  of  lawyers  is  very  sharp  and  eloquent.  And, 
besides,   they  vve.ir  neitr.er  g'owns,  nor   wig-s,    nor 
bands,  which  form  no  small  part  of  the  possessions 
of  the  Eng'lish   bar.     For  medical   men,  there  is  al- 
ways room,  and  alwaj's  will  be  as  long-  as  people  con- 
tinue to  die.     The  truth  is,  that  of  the  three  pro- 
fessions  this  is  the  best.     I  mean,  it  contains    tiie 
best  uj en,  and  the  wi.iest  and  cleverest  men.     I'lie 
;   priest  or  the  lawyer  may  tliriveb.   subserviency. — 
Relig-ioh  and  law  accommodate  tliemselves  to  time 
and  politics;  but  he  who  has  a  broken  leg-,  or  an  af- 
fecion  of  the  liver,  tliinks  of  nothing  but  the  skill 
of  tke  surg-eon  or  pliysician  tliat  he  employs.    Be- 
sides, the  very  nature  of  the  researches  and  theob- 
servaLioiis  of  medical  men,  make  thijm  despise  su- 
persiition.       Flence  it  is,  tliat  we  very  rarely  meet 
wi'.h  one  of  them,  whose   mind  is  not  independent. 
These  may  safely  go  to  a  country,  where  the  popu- 
lation   is   continually    increasing-,  ar.d   v/here    skill 
joined    to  dilig-ence  is  sure  to    meet   with  due  re- 
ward.    The  big  bellied  farmers,  that  require  a  stout 
horse   or  a   strong  gig  to  c.irry   them  about   tiieir 
iieUls  to  see    what  their  men  are  doimj,  had    bel- 
ter remain    here  till    lo<ver  prices    and  the    tax- 
gatherer    have   sweated    them    into   a  reasonable 
bulk    and  weig-ht,  for  though  the  lanil   in  Ameri 
ca  produces  very  fine   things,  it  will  not   produce 
much     without    labour;    and,  as    laborers  ibr   hire 
are  very  scarce,  tlie  farmer    must  labor  himself, 
or  Ids  sons  and  daughters  must  labor  for  him.     But 
of  all  the  classes  of  the   community   borougjimou- 
g-ers  would  profit  least  from  emig-ration  to  .\merica. 
In  the  state  of  Massachusetts   there  did  seem  to  be 
a  party  tliat  wished  for  tlie  introduction  of  the  no- 
blesse     Yet  I  question  wliether  our  lords  wou!d,--in 
that  state,  find  a  cliang-e  for  the  better,  because  the 
aristocrats  of  Massachusetts     seem    to   have    been 
hankering-  after  this    for  themselves.     But  the    bo- 
roiiglmiongcrs  would  be  like  fish  out  of  water  in  re- 
ality-.    All  their  jargon    about    ck)seboroughs  and 
open  borougiis,  and  buigage-tenures,  and  pot-wallop- 
pers,  all  their  bargaining-  and  traffickir.g  would  va- 
nish forever.     They    ought  not  to  emigrate  by  any 
means.     Neither  ought  the  voters  at  Sarum,  (iatton, 
Honiton,   and    such    pl.ices,    move  an   incli.     They 
will  find  no  country  like  Old  Kng-land.     All   corpo- 
rations, if  tiiey  know  when  tiiey  are  well   off,  will 
stick    fast.     Tax-g-atherers    grow    out   of  national 
debts  and  standing  armies,  as  naturally  as  toad-AooU 
grow  out  of  the  rotieii  stumps  of  trees;  and,  tliou;ri> 
ours  are  astonishing-ly  expert.in  the  fu-st  place  tiitir 
trade  is  a  thriviag-  (me  here,  and  in  the    next  place, 
there  is  only  an  army  of  six  t.'iousand  men  in  Ame- 
rica, and  the  debt,   compared,  to   ours,  is  u  mere 
nothing.     Military  and  naval  oflUcers  -.vyuld  gain  no 
knightships  in  America,  and  their  numerous  wives, 
^vhose  eyes  our  'squires'  d?,«i';s  ai*c  ready  to   te*i- 


out,  would  never  be  ladies;  would  never  once  hear 
the  drdcet  sound  of  "your  iadvships:"  tliough  tiiey 
were  to  iiang  the  wliole  of  their  tawdry  wardrobe 
upon  their  backs  from  morning  till  nigiit.  Tlie 
makers  of  Ilonoveri.in  whiskers,  of  muffs,  tippets, 
and  trifles  for  drag-oons,  and  of  stimulant  (Iraug-hts, 
and  corsets  for  w.-irn-out  bucks,  liad  better  remain 
in  Eng-land.  The  masters  of  v.ork-houses  wiios'e 
virtues  and  piety,  like  that  of  Don  Manuel  Ordor.- 
nez,  ru'e  such,  tliat  tlicy  universally  "grow  rich  in 
talcing-  care  of  the  concerns  of  the  poor,"  ought  not 
to  quit  a  country  wiiere  their  trade  is  so  flourish- 
ing; and  those  useful  mebibers  of  society,  infbrm- 
crs,  thief-catchers,  jailors  and  lianj-Tien,  would  em- 
igrate from  plenty  to  starvation,  in  staling  tiiese 
discourag-ements  to  emig-ratioji,  I  wl-sh  to  be  uude-r- 
stootl  as  bearing-  no  enmity  toAvards  Air.crica;  and 
if  any  American  chooses  to  drav/  a  ditfei-ent  conclu- 
sion, Imustleave  him  to  the  enjo\Tnent  of  !us  er- 
rors. WM'.  COBBETl'. 


CHIIONICLE. 

An  Algerine  fleet  of  tlg-ht  vessels,  ;/;  search  of 
the  Dutch,  lately  overhauled  the  American  sciiooner 
Active,  armed  at  Bostoii,  examined  her  papers,  dc- 
traned  her  but  a  very  short  tune,  treated  her  peo- 
ple civilly,  and  politely  dismissed  her !  It  would 
appear  to  he  sufcr  for  an  American  vessel  to  be 
overhauled  by  the  Algerines  no-.v,  than  it  v/as  to 
meet  an  Eng-lish  man  of  wm;  htfui'e  the  late  ccmtest. 

The  first  anniversai'it  of  the  iluviford  convention, 
was  observe<l  on  the  15th  by  the  rcpubiicuns  of 
Hai-tibrd,  with  two-fold  emotions  of  mourning  :md 
exultation.  In  tlie  early  part  of  the  day,  tiiey  dis- 
played the  flag-  cf  tiie  union  at  half-mast;  in  the  af- 
ternoon, it  v.as  r;dsed  to  tlie  mast-head  in  token  of 
the  discomfiture  of  the  idotters.  The  Jlweiiccn 
JTeiacri/  publislies  the   names  cf  the    convention. 


"tb.at  they  may  never  b 

is  the  list  ;— 
George  Cabot, 
Vv  iiliiim  Prescott, 
Timotiiv  Bigelow, 
Samuels.  Wilde, 
Stephen  Longfellovv-,  jr 
iludijah  Btivlies, 
Ciiauncey  Goodrich,* 
Joiin  Tpcadweli, 
Xutjianiel  Smitii, 
lieger  M.  Siierman, 
S.imuei  '»V;u-d, 
Benjamin  Hazard, 
IMills  Olcott, 


forgotten 


Th  e  following 


Nathan  Dane, 
Harrison  G.  Otis,. 
Joshua  Thomas, 
Josepli  Lyman, 
Jianiel  V/aldo, 
Georg-e  Biiss, 
Jam.es  lllllhouse, 
Ztrphaiiiah  Sv/ifi, 
Calvin  Goddafd, 
Daniel  Lyman, 
Edv/ard  Manton, 
Benjamin  West, 
AViiiiam  Hall,  jun. 


Deceased. 

Don  Jose  Jiaimel  Ilerrera,  and  suite,  lias  ;■.'"■'.■;- 
ed  at  Xew-Orlcans,  on  his  w;iy  to  \\"a3hington  city', 
as  minister  j)lenipotentiary  from  the  .Mexican  rc- 
p'lblic  to  tiie  United  States.  He  appears  to  be  ;* 
gentleman  of  g-reat  consideration  in  Ids  country. 
The  news  brou^jht  by  him  is  highly  favorable.  The- 
wiiigs  are  in  possession-  of  all  the  open  countrx-; 
some  of  tiie  g-reat  towns  were  stid  iitld  i>y  th« 
royalists  and  tories,  but  had  !\o  communication  wilii 
eacii  otiier,  except  by- strong  conv.vys,  v/Llc!.  wqvl- 
often  harrasscd  and  sometimes  beaten.  Oii?r// — 
If  Mr.  .viadison  should  rot  receive  M,  Mevrora,  ■« ill 
liiose  who  r;-preiiendvrd  him  for  denying-  don  On/; 
the  character  of  ambassador  frorn  .Si^ln,  some 
-dme  ago,  be  dissatisfied  with  it?     L't:  aivjihtv  n£\iir.' 

Corn.  Ji-catur  An  eiegaiit  public  ejiterlaimneiit 
was  given  to  the  gullant  Vjcatui;  at  Barney's  Foi'.n- 
tala  Ian,  Baltimure,  on  Tueii.lay  List.  Every  tiiiiij;- 
as  got  up  in  greut  stiie,     G^n.    .i;r,i:U,     in  the  ab- 


1^     NILES'  WEEKLY  REOISTER—SATURDaY,  DECEMBER  30, 181S, 


senre  of  the  mayor,  presided.  The  company  was 
^erv  numerou';,  consiBtinj;-  ofj^entlcnien  oT  .ill  par- 
ties, amoni^  uhoni  were  many  of  our  elderly  and 
most  venerable  fellow  citizens.  Nrfthlng- was  omit- 
ted that  could  coafer  honor  on  the  idiistrious  finest. 
Several  meinhcrs  of  cangjress,  with  the  officers  of 
the  array  "vd  navy  oa  this  station,  were  invited. — 
't'ite  toa-  ts  n-ere  tr'idy  American.  Among:  them  were 
the  foUo'.vir.g-— 

T!ie  vahr  w?  celehrate — It  has  illustrated  the 
brit^htest  pac^e  of  our  histon,-;  it  deserves  our  deep- 
est g-ratit'.ide. 

Onr  country — At  peace  with  all  nations;  envious 
ofnone. 

Tlic  Constitution.  The  memory  of  "Washington. 
The  President  of  the  United  States.  The  Navy— 
the  Army. 

Alq-ler'a  and  ihn  other  Barbanj  po-wers — taught  by 
l>ccatur's  g-allant  squadron  to  respect  the  laws  of 
nations. 

Ln~urenc-J,  Tinrro-.vat,  Jllen — Lamented  martjTS  to 
the  honor  of  their  flag 

^Major-ge)U'ralJack.ion — beloved  by  his  foilov.'crs, 
honored  by  his  country,  admired  by  the  world 

'IVionc  vjho  ffU  in.  ckf'i'nce  of  liaUhnov — they  were 
our  fathers,  our  sons,  our  brothers;  blessed  be  the 
memory  of  the  dead. 

Commerce — may  its  importance  be  estimated  by  a 
proper  tariff. 

The  memory  of  commodore  Preble. 

.^tg-iiniltuT"  and  mnnvfactures — The  former  pro- 
ticts  itself;  the  latter  requires  protection. 

The  m-?v!ori/  of  Jame:i  A.  liunard — Ifts  services  at 
Ghent  secure  the  recolleciou  othis  worth. 

Jiocuh  and  canals — The  arteries  and  veins  of  the 
Body  poiiiic. 

VOLtrXTET.ilS. 

Commodore  Decatu!!  gave  the  following  : 

Tlie  ci'ize-in  of  Baltimore — Their  patriotism  and 
valor  defeated  t!ie  veteran  forces  of  their  enemy, 
who  cavf,  sa-t',  :uid  i-i-et)  ! 

Af{er  commodore  Decatur  retired,  the  president 
gave— 

Commodore  Decatui — The  man  wliom  his  country 
delights  to  honor. 

By  captain  Spence,  of  the  n.avy — Commodore 
RoD^sERS;  remembered  in  the  day  of  trouble,  not 
forgotten  iti  tiie  hour  of  mirth. 

]jy  .Mr.  Sierrett — That  noble  cotirage,  which  ex- 
tends humanity  to  the  suffering  subjects  of  other 
nations,  after  relieving  the  citizens  of  its  own  coun- 
try from  servile  bondage. 

By  Mr.  Stiles — General  STaicK-.T^;  foremost  in 
i'.efence  of  the  city;  he  uiet  tiie  eiieuiy  and  ciiecked 
his  insolent  adv.MiCC. 

By  General  IVinder — Spwisu  Amehtc.a;  let  us  pav 


by  the  president  of  the  U.  States  (with  the  csnsenfc 
of  the  senate  to  be  a. commissioner  of  the  navy 
board,  vice  capt.  Isar.c  IFnll. 

On  the  19tli  inst.  four  hluls.  of  tobacco,  raised  by 
->fr.  F.ubank,  of  Alhem:;rle  county,  Virginia,  were 
sold  at  Uichmond  for  o\%  per  hundred. 

Ji  (Tfhiiijj-ffw,  l')ecemher  21.— His  excellency  the 
chevalier  De  Onia,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister 
plenipotentiary  of  his  Catholic  majesty  Ferdinand 
Vllth,  near  the  United  States,  presented  yesterday 
his  credentials  to  the  president  and  was  received 
in  that  capacity. 

The  chevalier,  v.-e  understand,  addressed  tliepre^ 
sident  in  the  following  terms  : 

Jifr.  President — The  king,  my  master,  Ferdinand 
the  7th,  actuated  by  the  most  sincere  wishes  of  re- 
establishing the  mutual  relations  of  a  perfect  har- 
mony and  generous  friendship  between  Spain  and 
the  United  States;  and  deeply  affected  with  the 
sense  of  the  evils  occasioned  to  both  countries,  by 
the  interruption  of  that  fair  and  liberal  correspou'- 
dcncc,  which  his  Catholic  majesty  from  the  first 
moment  of  l.is  exaltation  to  the  throne,  so  cheer- 
fully intended  to  carry  on  and  strengthen  with  thi?t 
confederation,  has  just  sent  me  the  credentials  I 
have  the  honor  to  present  to  your  excellenc}',  by 
which  his  majesty  accredits  me  as  his  envoy  extra- 
ordinary and  minister  plenipotentiary  near  this 
republic. 

I  will  thint  myself  hrappy  if  by  fulfilling  the  or- 
ders of  the  king  my  master,  directed  to  the  said 
object,  I  obtain  the  confidence  of  this  government, 
and  can  contribute  to  banish  for  the  future  every 
shadow  of  misunderstanding  between  two  nations, 
who,  as  well  by  their  situation  as  by  their  political 
and  commercial  interests,  ought  to  be  perpetually 
united  by  the  ties  of  the  most  sincere  fiiendshi]i« 
My  personal  sentiments,  and  the  admiration  I  en- 
tertain of  the  virtues  of  the  American  people,  arc- 
new  titles  by  which  I  am  pledged  to  employ  all  my 
zeal  to  the  mutual  happiness  of  both  nations;  and  if 
assisted,  as  T  hope  I  shall  be,  by  yoiu-  excellency's 
wisdom  and  friendly  disposition",  I  cannot  but  anti- 
cipate tiie  most  happy  issue  to  my  mission. 


fCr'To  prevent  mistake  or  misapprehension,  the 
editor  begs  leave  to  remind  his  readers,  that  the 
extra  half  siieet  which  accompanies  tins  number,  is 
p.aged  for,  and  designed  to  precede  the  last. 

We  give  our  patrons  a  rich  treat  of  matter  this 
week — viz.  the  documents  accompanying  the  trea- 
■sury  report;  a  list  of  the  14th  congi-ess,  with  apo- 
litical designation  of  the  members,  aixl  a  table 
shewing  the  strength  of  the  parties  in  both  houses^ 
statistical  facts  belonging  to  the  district  of  Colum- 
bia, and  the  states  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky;  a 
Xn  her  the  debt  which  we  owe  fur  the  aid  of  others  i  statement  of  the  finances  of  Virginia;  a  varietv  of 
in  our  struggle  for  freedom.  ^ibreignand  miscellaneous  articles,  among  which  is 

By  Mr.  FrMif—rOyn  CorxTnv;  we  love  her  in  theitlie  treaty  of  peace  between  France  and' the  allies, 
hour  of  lier  prosperity,  and  when  .adversity  assails 'and  the  new  French  sedition  law;  a  mass  of  valuable 
her,  our  bpst  bh;od  is  at  her  comiu.uul.  j  matter  appertaining  to  the  peace  establishment  of 

General  JacHon  left  Washington  City  on  Monday  .t!»e  army  of  the  United  States;  regulations  of  the 
last,  for  his  residence  in  Tennessee.  His  hcaltii  has  (department  for  securing  bounty  lands;  two  essa^•» 
been  mucli  irnprcved  since  his  last  indisposition.       on  naval   aifairs;  piocet-dmgs  of   congress  for    tli(r 


Mr.  Roderick  Dcv>ey,  (rep.)  whose  sciit  in  the 
^egijlatuie  of  Maryland  was  v.icated  on  the  plea  of 
non-residence,  has  been  re-elected  by  tiie  people  of 
Anne  Arundle  county. 

Virginia  Legislature,  Dec.  IS.  The  petition  of 
She  deputy  sherifls  of  Berkely  county,  praying  th.U 
the  treasurer  might  be  authori-sed  to  receive  pan 
of  the  revenue  of  that  county  for  1815,  in  Baltimore 
and  district  of  Coluinhi.i  notes,  WaS  rejected. 


C!»pt,  Stephen  Decatur,  of  ths  navy,  i»  appointed  tgress. 


ess  tor 
last  week;  the  commeiciJ  treaty  with  Great  Bri- 
tain; the  treaty  of  peace  with  Algiers;  advice  to 
emigrants,  by  Cobbett;  and  the  Chronicle. 

iMany  articles  in  type  lying  over. 

We  have  several  ciioice  things  prep.-.red  for  our 
next;  among  whicii  is  a  qiiuniity  of  original  table* 
respecting  the  --war  on  ihe  ocean,"  which,  we  ven. 
turt  to  sa},  will  interest  every  reader.  Similar  ta- 
bles, regarding  the  "wav  on  tiic  land,"  ai-e  in  prr» 


NILES'  WEEKLY   HEaiRTEE. 


No.    19  ov  Vol.   IX.]  BALTIMORE,  SATl  KDAY,  JANUARY,  6,  1816. 


[WHOLK  XO.   22r 


Hac  olim  memiidssc  jvvabit. — Vibgil. 


PRIN-TKI)   A^-^1    PUBLISHED   UT   H.   NILES,    SO.   29,   SOUTH   C.4.LVEIIT-STIIKRT,    AT   ^J    PKR   ANXU' 


The  present  iiumliei-  will  be  found  to  contain  se- 
veral orip.-i:ial  articles  of  no  little  value.  An  edi- 
torial essay,  of  considerable  length,  headed  "New- 
Yea'  's  remarks,"  desjo-nedfor  his  ptipev,]ias  slrange- 
ly  disappeared.  It  wus  a  work  of  some  labor.  A 
breathing"  time  being-  allowed  we  .siiall  proceed  to 
record  ihe  speeclies  or  messag^es  of  t]ie  governors  of 
the  several  states,  as  affording  a  pretty  good  epitome 
of  their  civil  and  political  history,  in  tlie  order  they 
reached  us. 


Legislature  of  Georgia. 

GOTERKOn's    COMMUXICATIOK    TO     THE     LEGf SLATUBE- 

Executive  Department,  Geor^xia,  ^ 
Milledgeville,  8Ui  Xov.  1815.3 
.^lloio  citizens  of  the  Senate, 

and  Ilnune  of  Rej'reftntative.t. 

It  is  known  to  you  all  that  since  the  Legislatiu-e 
were  l.ist  in  session,  the  war  which  was  then  waging 
against  llie  American  people,  has  been  concluded 
by  an  Iionorable  peace.  Permit  me  to  congratulate 
you  on  this  event.  A  nation  whose  habits  and  pur- 
suits make  it  at  all  times  their  ini erest  to  be  at 
peace  with  the  rest  of  the  world,  :md  wliose  incli- 
nations corresp,ind  with  tlieir  interest,  hasjust  rea- 
son to  be  grateful  to  Heaven  when  they  can  enio}' 
that  blessing.  In  the  miseralde  distracted  state  of 
the  world  which  has  been  witnessed  for  twentj'-five 
years  past,  it  is  a  miracle  that  we  should  have  so 
•long  escaped  the  broil  of  war.  And  now  after  a 
short,  and  to  us  glo.-ious  struggle,  the  cloud  has 
passed  a\\ay,  and  we  are  basking  in  the  sunshine  of 
peace. 

Thesubjects  which  appear  proper  to  be  commu- 
nicated to  the  Legislature  specially  are  not  nume- 
rous. _  Such  as  have  occurred  during  the  recess,  and 
fell  within  this  description,  will  now  be  presented  to 
your  view. 
_  Notvvitlistanding  the  large  drafts  which  the  occa- 
sions o(  the  war  have  rendered  necessary  on  the 
state  Tre:i.=iury,  yet  the  amount  of  funds  in  that 
office  at  litis  time,  nearly  equals  the  amount  of  any 
former  \  ear.  This  is  iustly  attributable  to  the" 
Wi.-;e  policy  adopted  by  tiie  Legislature,  of  addin°- 
50  per  centum  to  the  state  tax  for  the  purpose  (Tf 
remibursnig  in  part  the  amount  of  the  diiect  tax  as- 
sumed by  the  si  ate  to  tlie  United  States.  This  year 
again,  the  quota  of  direct  tax,  though  double  the 
amount  of  the  last  vear,  has  been  settled  fi-om  the 
t)roceeds  of  tlie  sales  of  lands  in  the  Missiisip  ;i 
Territory.  In  addition  to  the  disbursements  made 
under  the  appropriation  of  the  last  session  for  the 
erection  of  fortifications  on  thesea  coast,  there  has 
been  advanced  to  the  quarter  master's  department 
•ftliearmy  ofthe  United  States,  tiie  sumoftweniy 
thousand  dollars,  and  to  die  contractor  for  ihe  army 
the  sum  of  thirty  thousand  dolUu-s.  The  first  was 
specially  authorised  by  the  last  legislature;  but  the 
second  was  drawn  fr«m  the  mllitiuy  fund  after  the 
enemy  had  invaded  the  state,  at  a  period  wiien  tiie 
contractor's  department  was  utterly  destitute  or 
funds   and  unable  to    -••— i- *i— • 


without  such  aid. 


supply  the  troops    in  serMce 

Bo'h  these  advances  of  twenty  and  thirty  thou- 
wind  doHars  have,  however,  been  rec(.;i,nii7.ed  bv  the    preserve  their  full  complement  of  men. 
v;u- oepartment,  and  their  repayracn't  assumod.—       There  is  one  svibj«ct,  to  wliitn  i%  is  btliqveJ  tS 


jTlie  executive  has  not  long  since  l>een  notified,  that 
the  funds  were  reiidy  for  their  discharge  at  tlie  cit}'' 
of  Washington,  and  Uie  necessary  drafts  have  beert 
transmitted  there  for  that  purpose.  We  have  also 
good  grounds  for  the  expectation,  that  the  exj^en- 
diturefor  fortifications  on  the  sea  coast  will  be  re- 
imbursed to  us  whenever  the  projier  vouchers  catt 
be  trans rr.it ted  to  the  seat  of  government. 

The  whole  correspondence  anddocumen'srelating 
to  these  subjects,  will  accompany  this  communica- 
tion. 

It  is  proper  further  to  mention,  tliat  divers  small- 
er advances  have  at  different  periods  been  made, 
when  they  appeared  indispensable  for  the  promo  ion 
of  tlie  public  service.  These  have  been  so  guai'ded 
as  to  leave  no  doubi  of  their  reiiribursement, 

Thelegisl.'iture  M-illhavean  oiiportunity  to  disco- 
ver, from  personal  observation,  ihe  progress  ^vhich 
has  been  made  in  the  erection  of  the  peni*enti:;rr 
edifice,  A  report  will  in  due  time  be  uid  before 
them  from  the  commifisioners,  detailing  ^hi;  expen- 
diture of  the  monies  appropriated  for  tha'  object. — 
It  will  be  seen  on  inspection,  tiiat  much  of  the  inte- 
rior work  remains  to  be  done;  and  it  is  believed  that 
a  comjiletion  of  the  whole  of  'l.e  pre  ent  building, 
including  die  neces.'-ary  wall,  c  jrinot  be  reasonable'- 
calculated  on  eaidier  than  the  next  meeting  of  the 
legislature.  The  intervening  time  will  afford  an 
opportunity  for  revising  and  render i a  "■  mvtre  perfect 
tlie  penitentiarj-  code.  The  introd  iction  of  a  sys- 
tem of  punishments  entirely  new  in  the  state,  and 
the  accommodation  of  that  system  (in  a  certain  de- 
gree nee  essar}-)  to  the  existing  state  of  society  here, 
was  a  work  in  which  it  must  reasonably  be  expecte(t 
that  many  imper'eciions  will  be  found  on  expei-i- 
ment.  Some  it  is  believed  will  be  discorered  on 
a  revision,  whicli  require  correction  before  thecode 
goes  into  operation.  The  legislature  alone  can  di- 
rect the  course  proper  to  be  pursued  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  this  object. 

1  have  received  a  requisition  from  major  general 
fiaiiies  of  the  U.  States  army,  for  two  tliousand  mi- 
litia, to  rendezvous  at  Fort  Hawkins.  The  object 
of  tliisrec(uisition  was,  to  have  an  effective  fbrco 
organized  and  in  the  field,  sufficient  as  well  to  pro- 
tect tlie  commissioners  who  are  engaged  in  running 
the  boundary  line,  as  our  own  frontier,  from  any 
hostile  men  ices  of  the  Creek  Indians.  I  am  sorry  to 
sa^',  that  a  compliance  v.ith  ihis  rcqui^-ition  has  been 
niucii  rer:a-ded  by  the  system  of  electing  officers  for 
detacliments:  And  had  an  immediate  pressure  been 
made  by  the  enemy,  we  miglit  have  had  reason  to 
regret  serious  disasters  to  the  commissioners  as 
well  as  our  own  froirier. 

Whilst  on  this  subject,  T  will  again  call  the  at- 
tention of  the  legislature  to  the  conditi(m  of  the 
volunteer  infantry  and  rifle  companies.  Of  the  lat- 
ter in  particular,  there  are  many  remnants  through 
the  state,  wlio  in  point  of  fact  are  complete  exempt'* 
from  tlie  public  service.  The  authority  to  consol- 
idate them,  given  by  the  act  of  the  last  scsi'-^R,  i,-* 
inefficient,  owing  to  their  disperjied  situ.-.tion.^- 
Both  descriptions  ought,  by  law,  to  be  thrown  back 
into  the  line,  and  none  suffered  to  reniaiu  in  tlift 
ciiaracier  of  volunteers  any   longer  than  tliey  shall 


318 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY   6,  1816. 


he  i:n»iortant  that  the  attention  of  the  legislature 
slioiitd  be  seriously  directed,  without  delay.  Wt; 
have  felt  by  fatal  experience,  the  injurious  effects  of 
hclng'  overtaken  by  a  state  of  war,  witiumt  pobsess- 
)n<j  tl'.e  necessary  means  for  prosecuting'  it.  A  state 
ol  peitce  is  the  proper  period  for  providing'  and  lay- 
ing' up  those  means.  The  ample  funds  now  at  tlie 
con-numdof  the  state,  and  the  facility  with  wliich 
the  proper  arms,  artilleiy  and  ammunition  may  be 
pi  (•I'lU-ed  and  transported,  would  appear  so  favora- 
ble to  the  purpose,  tlian  to  net^lect  the  opportunity, 
V o'uhl  leave  tiie  public  councils  inexcusable  to  the 
stale.  Experience  too  has  taug^ht  us  the  kind  of 
arms  most  efiicient  in  the  hands  of  an  American 
swldier.  These  are  rifles  of  the  proper  construc- 
tion, and  light  artillery.  Of  muskets  we  have  a 
considerable  supply  with  their  proper  accoutre- 
ments; and  this  sujiply  must  annually  increase  by 
tlieo])cratii)ns  of  the  act  of  congiess,  of  the  23d 
day  of  April,  1808. 

In  thti  preneiit  untotaard  state  nf  the  world,  we  are 
the  onhjpeoph  on  the  glebe,  who  can  with  truth  call 
themselresfree.  This  freedom  so  dear  to  its,  we  re 
hound  ti>/  the  most  sucred  ties  to  protect  and  preserve. 
"An  armed  nation  is  invincible"  In  proportion  as  we 
prize  tlie  great  blessing,  so  are  the  inducements  to 
transmit  the  same  nnimpidred  to  posterity.  In  propor- 
tion as  the  euiuity  or  hostility  of  others  may  tempt  them 
to  assail  it,  so  are  our  obligations  of  duttj  to  be  prepa- 
red to  repel  their  efforts. 

In  reviewing  our  own  blessings,  it  would  afford  con- 
sojaiion  to  every  phiUmthrcpic  mind,  if  prof  ting  by  the 
e.vample  of  our  condition,  ot.her  nations  woidd  be  wise 
enough  to  direct  more  of  their  energies  towards  the  ob 
jects  of  true  private  and  public   happiness.      But  it 
would  appear  as  if  Heaven  had,  for  a  time,   given  up 
the  nations  of  Europe    to  be   scourged  by   rheir  own 
madness.     Even  now,   when   hf,    whose  ambiUoii  wa> 
considered  there  as  'he  great  destroyer  of  the  peace  of 
empires,  is  no  longer  able  to  molest  or  destroy;  the  mi- 
firoved  condition  of  Europe,  is  attested  by  the   daily 
groans  of  miUiona  who  dare  not  consider  their  houses 
as  their  homes.  These  scenes  passing  in  actual  review 
before  the  world,  may  contribute  to  make  an  American 
citiz'n  piifc  as  he  ought  his  own  happiness.     When  we 
consider  how  apt  a  free  people  are  to  hold  in  too  little 
estimation  the  high  destiny   to  which  Frovidence  has 
conducted  them,  it  is  not  impious  to  say,  that  for  us  it 
isfortunaie  things  are  so.  The  lesson  may  be  a  salutary 
one;  fjr   although  we  might  for  a  while  prize  as  we 
ought  our  distinguished  state  of  happiness,  yet  it  ought 
to  be  borjie  in  constant  recollection,  that  we  are  liable 
to  shipwreck  on  the  same  "ocks  which  have  proven  fa- 
tal to  other  reptddics.    The  scenes  before  us  may  sri  ve 


Legislature  of  Kentucky. 

"governor's  MESSAGE. 

Gentlemen  of  the  senate, 

And  of  the  house  of  representatives. 
We  meet  on  the  present  occasion,  under  au  spice 
much  more  fivorable  to  our  common  country,  tha 
at  any  former  period.  The  blessings  of  peace  are 
ag-ain  restored  to  our  land,  and  the  abundant  pro- 
ductions of  our  iicldf:,  furnish  to  every  part  of  the 
state,  all  the  necessaries,  and  many  of  tlie  comfort* 
of  life  ;  and  demand  from  us  our  most  gi-ateful  ac- 
knowledg-ments  to  Him  from  whom  we  receive  se 
many  ble.isings. 

On  former  occasions  it  has  been  my  duty  to  point 
out  to  you  the  daug-ers  which  overhung'  our  country^ 
from  a  war  with  one  of  the  most  powerful  natiofia 
of  fjui'ope,  brour^lit  on  us  by  his  cupidity,  envy  and 
ambition,  a.id  vv'hich,  in  its  progress,  threatened 
the  subversion  of  our  national  institutions,  and  the 
prostr.'-tion  of  our  independence. 

Under  a  long  sunshine  of  peace,  we  hsd  forgotten 
much  of  war : — Most  of  those,  who  ii  the  former 
war,  !iad  stood  tlie  battle's  brunt,  and  led  us  to  vic- 
tory, were  in  the  silent  tomb.  Of  those  who  re- 
mained, ag'e  had  generally  unnerved  the  vigor  of 
early  life  : — The  generation  which  had  sprung-  up 
hi  tiie-meantirne,  h«d  bettken  themselves  to  the 
pursuits  of  civil  life.  The  nature  of  our  govern- 
m?nt,  whose  end  and  object  is  the  general  happiness 
of  tiie  whole  of  tlie  community,  rendered  us  averse 
to  war,  and  solicitous  to  avoid,  by  any  honorable 
Uieaiis,  xs  appeal  to  arms.  Our  forbearnnce  was 
considered  by  the  enemies  of  our  institutions,  as  the 
result  of  weakness  in  the  g-overnment,  and  the  loss 
of  its  citizens  of  thai  high  sense  of  national  honor 
and  love  of  coimtry,  wiiich  had  once  been  our  dis- 
tinguished c'laract  eristic. 

When,  at  last,  that  appeal  was  made,  the  eyes  of 
the  v.'orld  were  upon  us.  They  considered  it  as  the 
test  of  our  national  cliaracter;  and  the  ordeal  which 
was  to  prove,  whether  our  government  was  capable 
of  sustaining'  t!ie  shock  of  external  war,  aided  by 
internal  intrigue.  T!ie  spirit  of  the  nation  wJiich 
lay  dormant,  not  extini^^uished,  was  no  sooner  rous-  ' 
ed  into  action,  than  it  burst  upon  the  lieads  of  our 
enemies,and  struck  terror  and  consternation  throtig'h 
their  ranks.  Tlie  haughty  grounds  taken  by  our 
adversary,  during  a  period  ausjjicious  to  his  views, 
have  been  abandoned.  Terms  of  peace  proffered 
by  our  ministers  at  an  early  period  of  the  negocia- 
tion,  were  finally  accepted  by  our  enemy  ;  but  not 
until  the  nog-ociation  had  been  spun  out  to  see  the 
events  of  a  pending-  campaign,  and  which  terminated 
highly  honorable  lo  tiie  .Vraerican  arms.     No  longer 


to  retard  the  catastrophe.     There  is,  ho~vever,  one  arZ-.i^'our  charucttr  obscured  by  our  forbearance,  and 


vantage  we  possess  over  former  rep^ablics,  and  indeed 

over  every  other  nation   ancieivt  or  modern,  which  if 

properly  improved,  may  save  us  to  the  end.     Our  peo-iQ^^  Vv^h  ground  among 

pie  are  better  enlightened.  This  ciraimstance  will  save       Xo  secure  this  stand 


our  love  of  peace.     Our  brilliant  successes  at  sea, 
and  our  splendid  victories  by  land,  have  placed  us 
the  nations  of  the  earth. 
\mx,  and  to  transmit  it  unim- 


pi 

■us  .'^0  long  as  it  shall  be  properly  appreciated.  It  is  tlie  paired  to  our  posterity  ;  to  avail  ourselves  of  the  ex- 
pivot  on  which  hangs  the  political  salvation  of  the  lar-  pcrience  which  the  late  war  ha^5  given  us,  by  pro- 
gcs:  and  fairest  portion  of  the  globe.  IVho  then  can  viding  against  these  errors  in  our  policy  which  it  lias 
duly  appreciate  the  value  of  those  abundant  sources  of  pointed  out ;  and  to  cherish  and  impi-ove  the  bless- 
education  which  are  spread  over  the  union,-  or  who  can  jngg  of  peace,  after  the  privations  of  war,  is  the 
be  insensible  to  the  weighty  duty  imposed  on  each  in  his  j^^tv  of  the  whole  American  family>  but  more  es- 
own  sphere,  of  administering  to  them  nurture  attd  sup-  pcc'ially  of  its  sever.d  legislative  bodies. 


poit. 

Ftllow-citizena — Permit  me  to  recominend  to  you 
harmony  in  your  deliberations.  If  peradventiirc  mat- 
ters of  discussion  should  tt/ise,  in  which  afferent  opi- 
nions jirtix'ail,  let  not  passion  assume  }he  erApire  ofreu- 
Stn.  The  former  is  nai  the  road  which  leads  to  the 
ie.r.plc  '.f  truth.  ^ 

PETER  EARLY. 


Toward  the  attainment  or"  tisese  ends  : — 
We  should  avail  ourselves  of  a  period  of  peace  ta 
increase  and  improve  our  forrifications  ;    our  arse- 
nals ;    oiu-  armies,  and  cve.y  species  of  miutary 
ecpiiimient.  , 

We  shoiitd  gradually  increase  our  navy,  as  them- 
crease  of  popfilaiion,  and  the  resources  of  tli&  na- 
tion will  permit. 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


19 


We  should  re-org'ati'ize  the  militia,  and  conse- 
quent thereon,  revise  tlie  militia  law;  and  us  far  as 
practicable,  prevent  in  future  those  evasions  and 
delays,  in  coinplying-  with  executive  requisitions  fyr 
militia,  which  were  so  severely  felt  during  the  last 
War. 

In  short,  we  should  recollect  that  to  he  always 
prepared  to  resist  ag^i^ression,  is  the  surest  inetliod 
of  escapia;^  it ;  and  that  in  peace,  is  the  safest  and 
cheapest  time  to  prepare  for  war. 

We  shoidd  extend  the  fostering-  care  of  govern- 
meit  io our  ini'-mt  rnanutLctoi'ies  ; 

And  we  slionld  i.tipruve  and  extend  our  internal 
navig-ation  and  our  hii^iiways. 

It  is  true,  that  to  tlie  national  government  itniorc 
properly  belongs  fo  provide  f«r,  or  give  impulse  to 
some  oF  the  measures  here  suurijested :  hut  much 
may  be  done  by  the  state  legislatures,  by  a  frank 
and  liberal  co-operation  in  tlieir  part,  on  subjects 
connected  tlierewitli,  or  iiaving  an  influence  thereon. 

I  pariicul.arly  recommend  to  your  consideration 
the  propriety  of  establishing  a  sCnte  magazine  ;  and 
making*  provision  by  law,  for  procuring  arms,  am- 
munition, camp  equipage,  &c.  sulficient  to  meet  any 
public  emerg^ency. , 

The  navij^ation  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers 
hy  steam  bnati,  regularly  sailing  uj)  and  down  those 
waters,  afford  to  our  country,  a  fair  prospect  of 
receiving  many  of  our  imports  upon  muc!i  c'neaper 
terms  tiian  can  be  obialncd  by  bringing  them  from 
the  ports  of  the  e.islern  states.  Shwdd  this  succeed 
it  will  also  be  Iiig^hly  advantag-eous  in  opening  a 
direct  barter  of  our  export  produce  for  our  import- 
ed goods,  tiiereby  saving  to  the  state  the  com.nis- 
,  sions  and  per  centages  of  the  Intermediate  agents  and 
merc'iants  employed  in  our  present  circuitous  trade. 

The  experiments  whicli  have  been  made  by  tliC 
steam  boats  on  the  western  waters,  give  strong 
assurances  of  ultimate  success.  There  has,  Iiow- 
evei",  not  been  a  suiucient  number  of  tiiem  in  opera- 
tion to  enable  me  to  speak  with  en-Ure  confidence. 
It  is  believed  by  many,  that  asuihcient  capital  has 
not  yet  been  employed  in  that  line,  to  g-ive  tlie 
experiment  a  fair  trial.  1  submit  to  tlie  inforinatioi; 
which  the  general  assembly  will  possess  in  its 
collective  capacity,  the  determination  of  the  ques- 
tion, and  wlicther  ij  should  be  left  to  individual 
enterprize  to  ascertain  its  utility,  or  v.-hetlier  tlie 
stale  sliould  lend  its  aid  in  the  undertaking. 

Whils',  we  are  reaping  the  fruits  of  an  honorable 

peace,  we  should  bear  in  mind,  those  brave  man, 

Who  fell  in  the  war,  and  wliose  v;dor,  together  with 

t  tiial  of  tlieir  compeers  in  arms,  sccm-ed  to  us  that 

peace.     !ilany  of  t'.iem  left  wives  and  children  wlio 

are  dependent  upon  the  bounty  of  t'iieii-  friends.     I 

J  tlierefore,   recommend  tliat  provision  be  made  by 

,    law  for    the    support  of   the   \vidov\f^i,  and  for  the 

education  of  tlie  children  ofthc  militia  of  this  state, 

vlio  were  killed  or  died  in  public  service  durin;,- 

the  late  war, 

It  will  also  be  proper  for  the  g-encral  assembly 

'■  at  their  first  session  after  the  return  of  pc.cc,  to 

review  tlie  laws  fiiiijy  tlie  salaries  of  tiie  civil  Hit. 

.  Oivii;^  to  the  rapid  increase  of  our  papulation  und 

to  ortier  causes,  the  duties  of  some  of  the  oilicers 

have  been  muc.i  increased,  and  tlieir  salaries  will 

be  found  inadeo'iate  to  the  servicc.i  rendered. 

•       No  pari:  of  tiie  seven  thousand  dollars  approisri- 

ated   by   the  act   of  die  last  se;5si;in,  "  to   provide 

Oamp.cquipagefor  Ike  troops  destined  for  Detroit," 

have  been  u-ed.     I  war.  cn.-.bled  tlirougu  the  qiiar- 

,ter-master  dcp-utment  of  the  general  government, 

to  supply  what  v/as  requisite  without  ativ  luUvnce 

gon^.  tiie  treasury  of  the  st.ttt. 


I  have  also  been  enabled  since  the  adjournment 
of  the  general  assembly,  to  pay  from  the  treasury 
of  the  state,  to  the  bank  of  Kentucky,  the  sum  of 
twenty -sdven  thovnand  (hilars  of  the  money  bori'ov/ed 
from  it;  and  I  have  no  doubt  the  debt  may  be  fur- 
ther diminished  in  the  course  of  the  present  session 
of  the  g-eneral  asseinbly. 

I  assui-e  you,  gentlemen,  that  T  giiail  derive  gi'eat 
satisfaction,  in  co-operating  with  you  in  all  your 
measures  which  may  conduce  to  the  welfare  of  my 
fellow-citizen.s. 

In  a  few  months  the  time  for  electinp^  a  c:ti:'en  to 
succeed  me  in  adjuinlstering  the  government  will 
arrive.  I  look  forward  to  that  period  as  tlie  termi 
nation  of  my  public  course.  I  cannot  take  ray 
leave  of  the  general  assembly  without  expressing 
to  them  the  grateful  sense  I  siiall  alwayi  entertaii"* 
f^r-  the  favorable  light  in  whicli  my  ccuntrymeit 
have  viewed  my  public  conduct,  and  <riTering  to  the 
Divine  Disposer  of  all  human  affairs,  my  devout 
acknowledgments  for  his  maiiy  favours  extended 
to  our  country',  ahd  my  fervent  'prayers  that  hi.*} 
protecting  arm,  may  long  preside  over  its  ncstiniesf 

ISAAC  SHF>L3\\ 

December  5:h,  1815. 


scraps. 

[IiBcrteJ  hereto  get  in  the  Jti'jjequent  table.] 

The' legislature  of  ./\or?A  CaraUiia  has  errninated 
its  annual  session. 

During  the  session,  they  passed  an  act  providing" 
for  the  appointment  of  elec*tcrs  to  vote  for  a  presi-* 
dent  and  vice-presidc;nt  of  the  United  States.  The 
act  lays  off  the  state  into  fifteen  electoral  distrioti;, 
and  provides  that  a  candi  late  for  elector  of  presi- 
dent and  vice-president  ofthc  TTnited  States,  shatl 
be  selected  from  eacli  district,  and  voted  for  in 
i^-eneral  ticket,  tiuit  is,  each  vot'.;r  sljall  voe  ?<n'  the 
whole  fifiecn.  I'he  election  to  t.ake  plice  on  the 
sex:ond  Timrsday  in  NoveiiJjcr,  1S16,  at  the  U:iU;Ji 
places  of  itoiding  vl-cuous  rbr  members  of  assen;bjy 
t.'irough.out  the  .sUite. 

The  legislature,  previous  to  its  adjoi;rr.mcut,  di- 
rected tiie  g-ovcrnor  to  j^r.-cliase  on  belialf  of  tho 
state  a  statue  of  general  Waw'iinr^-ton,  ai.d  cause  the 
s.tme  to  be  erected  in  the  main  p;;9Sftge  of  ihe  state 
houic. 

They  appointed  comml-isioners  fo  ex.^.n;ine  &ri:l 
report  on  tlie  practicability  of  impjoving-  ilie  navi- 
gati-.in  of  the  Tar,  >f  c'.ise  an, I  V:idki;i  livers;  and  alst) 
named  commi'.sioncj-s  to  examine  ;;.!nl  re;*ort  on  tho 
utility,  evpences  ami  jiropcr  location  of  a  state  pe- 
nitentiary. 

They  also  paiised  a  r^.'iohition  r'-questi',:g  the  sa- 
nators  an  1  rcpresentavlses  of  tiie  siate  in  congress  to 
use  liicir  best  ex'irti';::;;  to  prevu;!  with  t!ie general 
government  to  open  a  <lirect  outlet  to  tiie  ocean 
f.om  the  wa'.ers  o'i  Albf  fnarlc  sound;  a:;d  a  resolu' 
tion  propositig  an  amendment  to  the  eonstitutlon, 
for  providing  an  uiiiroriii  mode  of  electing  mcrnhcrs 
of  congress  uu'.'-  c-lw'.ors  c,f  pre.ji'.lcnt  and  vlce-pre;;i- 
dcnt.  [..Vfi'.  ..'.;.;. ' 

IFeuIihi/G-iforr^ia. — X  c'lnmuTiiiratJon  v.'us  made 
hy  the' governor -^o  the  legislature,  .i  few  days  .sihca 
ui  compliance  with  a  re;>ohition  of  the  l)ause of  re- 
pres'  ntatlves,  respecting  ll\c  amount  o"  money  due 
:his  tate  by  the  ivcnerai  government,  fjr  landr.  ce- 
de ;  to  I'nc  iaUer  by  the  former  in  1S'J2.  Of  tho 
orig-in.al  debt,  which  was  one  mi'Iion  two  hundred 
imd  lifty  tiioiisand  dotl.-;rs,  it  ;pp-Mrs.  tlut  tiire? 
luiiKired  and  thirly-on.e  thoai.-nd  fo;jr  hundred 
■.nd  f  )riy  one  .-loii.ri:  h:;vo  been  rereivcd  in  the  p;.ir- 
cliasc  tf  uriT's  .and  tl\e  p:'.ymciit  wf  C""-'-'  ;}ueta  nt'fM'.]'. 


320 


^IL"S'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1816. 


direct  tax — leaving  a  balance  due  Georgia  at  this 
time  of  iiK/Vi'  than  nine  hundred  ihovsand  dollars  !  It 
is  in  cuuuiTipl;.:ion,  '.vebeiieve,  to  vest  a  larfje  poi- 
tiotiof  tliissum  in  as; ate  bunk,  v.iiich,  irprndenl!\ 
manag-ed,  can  scarcely  Tail  lo  yield  a  considerable  re- 
venue— enou^-h  probubly  to  defray  the  ordinary  cx- 
pences  ofgoverunient ;  ihe  profit  on  the  bank  slock 
at  present  held  by  the  suite  beintc  nearly  cquivaieni 
to  tlie  whole  expenditure  of  its  civil  list. 

A  bill,'appi'opriatin£f  ten  thous:-,nd  dolha-s  for  open- 
ing' the  Oconee  from  Miiicdgeville  down,  and  u  like 
svim  for  improving;  the  navigHl ion  of  SHV.mnah  rive: 
above  the  city  of  Augiista,  has  passed  the  liouse  of 
Tepresentatives  by  a  L.rge  m;-.jority. 

fGeor^-ia  Jonniul,  Dec.  13.^/ 


The  war  on  the  ocean. 

It  is  \^"!tl)  uncommon  pleasure  th:.t  the  editor 
presents  to  his  re;iders  the  tables  hereunto  an- 
nexed; exhibiting,  at  one  view,  a  g-reut  variety  of 
iutere;>iing  and  important  f^cts  belonging  to  tlie 
late  war  f;S  carried  on  by  sea.  \Ve  are  indebted  for 
t!ie  exhibit  of  The  result  of  the  battles  in  wiiicli 
nation;d  vessels  were  engaged,  on  eitlicr  side,  to 
the  labors  of  an  inieliigent  friend,  wlio  piomises  us 
a  simii:u-  statement  as  to  the  batvles  on  the  hiid. — 
The  utility  of  these  thir.gs  for  general  reference  is 
too  obvious  to  nettl  remark.  And  besides,  they 
bring  immediately  before  us  our  g;dlant  seamen  in 
all  t'l'.elr  Silory.  O?  i\\e  t'lventy-three  naval  engage- 
ments which  occun-ed  during  tiie  war  betwfen  na- 
tion&l  vessels  and  private  armed  and  national  vessels, 
seventeen  resulted  in  the  capture  or  destruction  of 


iise  of  six  feet  water  in  his  liokl !  Five  or  six  A^r^ 
.>fier,  the  Guevriere,  "one  of  the  finest  ships  t'  at 
ever  floated" — the  crack  fri rate  o?  -he  Rvi-ish  navy, 
■'dis  ill  with  tl'e    ConMUntkn.     Captain  Ducres  -aw^ 
Ills   crew  are  in  high  glee — thev  nierrilv  ioke  r»f-  '^o 
".'hat  Ihey  will  do  with  the  Yankees,  'dnd  are  full 
of  fun.    TliC  cap'uiin  would  al!ow  rhem  fifteen  mi- 
nutes to  take    he  Constitution,  but  they  would  tlo 
1"l   in  ten,  and  to  it  they  went  with   three    cheers, 
firing  a  considerable  time  heWe  //w'/condrscended 
■-Ogive  them  a  gun  in  leturn.  But  when  the  proper 
season  had  arrived,  he  opened  such  ji  ter'ible  can- 
nonade that  tlie  enemy  thouglit  ]>is  ship  w.-son  fire, 
and  again  sliouted,  certiun  of  vic'o»  >'.  V.  in  isope— 
in  fifteen  minutes,  ih.e  Guerrier:'  is  like  a  log  op  ♦her 
Hatti- — a  mere  wreck  trir^  lo  pieces,  and  one-third 
of  her  hae  joking  crew  are  Iving  detid  or  wounded 
on  the  deck.  S  ili  it  was  thought  that  the  quest  iont 
of  superiority  was   not  decided — the   G\ierriere'» 
masts  were  "rotter,"   and  her  shot  "^vorm  eaten,-"' 
but  the  subseqicnt  c:.pture  of  the  Fri>Hc,  the  Ma-f 
cednrdan,  tl'.e  Java  .nd  the  Peacock  follov.ing  with: 
such    rapidity,   witliout  a  solitary  victory  on   the 
Hritisli  side,  im.de  them  begin  to  think  difVen  ntljT 
of  us.    An  English  frig;  te  had  been  considered  a 
match    for  ;i  74  of  any  otl.er  nation,  but  now  the 
"tightest"  vessels  of  their  navy  were  found  to  be 
me;  e   "cock-boats"   compared    with    the   "non-de- 
Kcripts"  of  the  Uni-ted  Stales;  and  a  million  of  piti- 
fijl  excuses  were  manufactured  to  sustain  the  failing- 
glory  of  their  thousand  ships  of  wr.r.  From  meannesrf 
they  resorted  to  that  "better  part  of  vslor"  called 
discretion;    it    was    ordered    that    Bri;isli    frigatea 
should  avoid  a  combat  with  American    frigates — 
ard  further  to  protect  thern   they  were  geneially 


the  enemy — and  tivo  on.ly  of  tlie  fve  victories  of  convoyed  by  74's,  a  class  of  ships  that  we  had  nono 
the  British,  if  so  they  may  be  called,  were  gained  of  The  term  "cndzhig  frigate"  was  exptmgcd  f;om 
by  anij  thirig  like  an  equality  of  force.     These  \\\o  the  admiralty  book;  for  they  always  sailed"  in  anna- 


were  tlic  cases  of  the  Chenajeuke  and  ^irgns,  m 
both  which,  hov.ever,  the  enens}  was  tlie  supi  lior — 
in  the  other  c-jses  of  the  Essex,  tiie  Fri-sident,  and 
of  the  Jiatilla  on  lake  Borgne,  the  opposing  force 
Was  overwhelming.  Abating,  therefore,  ihe  capuut 
of  the  Alert  by  the  Essex  fiom  the  list,  as  theie  was 
no  equality  in  that  "affair,"  and  the  account  stands 
— AivencanVicXov'iQS  seventeen,-  J'rit/sii\iCKcnt)>  faoJ 
If  to  this  we  add  the  fearful  difl'erence  between  the 
killed  and  wotmded  on  either  side,  we  have  a  pretty 
just  view  of  the  vastly  superior  courage  and  skiii 
of  our  se;'men  over  llie  "lords  of  the  ocean." 

Our  refiecljons  on  this  gratifying  subject  may  be 


dron  wherever  it  was  thought  probable  a  yankee 
migiu  be;  and  we  were  therefore  obliged  to  seek 
the  laurel  in  unfrequented  seas,  or  on  the  British 
coasts,  where  they  apprehended  no  danger.  Thei 
Pkintiiganet  74,  neg'.ccted  to  bring  the  President 
rVig.  te  to  action  olr  .Sar-dy  Hook;  and  the  ridiculous 
caution  of  the  Pkabe  and  Chervh  in  their  vile  at- 
tack upon  the  little  Ks^ie.c,  at  Valparaiso,  must  forci-« 
bly  hi  ing  to  the  mind  of  every  one  the  fears  of  Fr.^- 
6rt.^when  lie  saw  the  dead  body  o?  Percy.  The  bat- 
tles of  the  fieevs  on  Erie  and  Chcmplain,  also,  shewed 
our  se:mten  in  a  new  ciiaractei- — ;i  character  they 
c   destined  to  fill  witli  even  greater  glory   than 


advantageously  pursued  in  contenipl;iving  the  ejf>f;  they    have    acquired    in    single   combat,    ship    to 
of  oiu-  naval  victories;  for  the  ciiaracter  gained  bvi^'iip- 

tlicm  is  of  ines;imable  value.  Bif;re  the  war,  ac-  Tlie  Briti.sh  have  condescended  to  acknowledge 
customed  to  pursue  and  only  to  enquire  where  tticir jour  supei  iority  in  n.any  things  belonging  to  the 
enem.y  Was^the  British  officers,  in  their  huollerable'iconstructicn,  "eqnipnent  and  'management  of  ves- 
arrogance  ;md  pride,  were  pleased  to  hold  thelsels  of  war.  This  is  humiliating  enotigh  to  those 
most  contemptible  opinion  of  our  «;:r /y7«7i'//v_5-«ies,  I  who  thought  they  knew  a  little  wore'th^n  every 
manned  hy  bustards  and  outlaius'^—"t]dngn  -0:1111.  a  /.<if  thing.  And  they  were  also  relieved  of  a  complaint 
of  striped  bunting  at  their  mast-head."  Heice  ii  \v.:s  tlattliey  always  prefened  against  their  other  enc- 
that  tlie  fool  Jiinghum,  of  the  Liitle  Bel.,  hoped  to'  mies,  viz.  the  difCcn't;;  of  bringing  th>^n  to  rh.v  uction; 
gain  lionor  by  insiiUing  commodore  Rodgcrs,  in  the!  for  ihey  themseive.-;  universally  ciawed  ofi  aftcrtney 
President;  w!io,  if  iiieicy  had  not  prevailed  over  I  knew  the  efi'ect  of  our  iii  e,  c"xcepc  \\.  the  Case  of 
justice,  would  have  sem  him  to  the  bottom  iu  the  i the  Sliannon,  which  was  a  "-wlupt  ship"  when  Laie- 
twinkling  of  an  eye;  and  th,  capt.  La- gha.  e  or'  he  rence  fell,  and  ihe  comnu.nd  devolved  on  uncxpe- 
Alcrt,  falling  h)  with  the  Ensex,  emulous  of  distinc-  rler.ced  men.  If  he  !iad  kep^  tiie  deck  unhurt  for 
lion,  and  determined  to  be  made  a  knight  or  a  lord  five  nunutes  more,  captain  Broke  wor.ld  not  have 
of  for  capturing  a  "Yankee  frigate,"  ma  do-wn  vpo7i ^hetn  made  a  knight  of  for  bci.ung  ai.  inferior  foe. 
the  weather  qvurter  cf  oxir  ship,  gave  three  cheers  and\  In  tables  like  these,  l.>e:fectvm'is  not  to  be  ex- 
c-jmmenced  the  action.'  The  genei'ous  Porter,  pitying 'peeled— for  il  is  inipossibie  tliat  errors  sliould  not 
-.he  deh.ded  creauu-e  and  .sure  of  hi.i  prize,  ordered  exist,  as  well  in  facts  given  as  those  assumed.  It  is, 
onlv  ..partial  di.,ci)arge  of  the  guns  of  ids  ship;  and,  however,  believed  ih;'  tiity  are  bO  nt.u  ly  correct^ 
in  eigh.  minute.^,  av.-ay  goes  all  tiic  iiigji  no.'ions  of  in  their  vaiicus  particulars,  as  to  answer  every 
h?,  Eiig^lish  captain  with  the  fail  of  his  ilag^,  and  tlie  j  ordinary  purpose. 


NILES'  WF.F.KTiY  REOTSTFR— WAR  ON  THE  OC^AN. 


221 


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j      *]Vf3tU  Jo  i'/f'pjf 

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< 


C3 


O  OO  '.w      C- 


*ujw  Jo  -v^ 


I 


'/'!>ii!y 


Kl       O  —  K- 


1-*        o        — 


•lispiinojt 


•p,y)Unoji;/uu 


K-  M       ^ 


N3WC        1^ 


•SMHOSUJ 


^  w  O, 

tr,  ^  O 

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14 

00 

< 

322      NILES  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1816. 


GRAND  TOTAL  LOSS  COMPAK)'-!). 


Aineric; 


Dilfercnce, 


tr- 


635 
274 


351 


L0.S2  1,758 
562,     836 


470 


2,929 
Llll 


922  1,818  2,618 


4,367 
1,749 


Note.  Where  the  rr.ai'k  (*)  occurs  in  the  tahi^, 
the  numbers  wliich  they  refer  to  arc  doubtful;  but 
are  believed  to  be  nearly  correct.  In  some  cases, 
t)ie  los.^  of  tlie  British  liud  to  be  taken  from  their 
own  official  reports,  but  it  is  only  where  more  au- 
thentic infornuition  could  not  be  had.  Great  care 
has  been  used  in  compiliii;]:  the  table,  to  render  it 
as  perfect  and  correct  as  ptisslble.  The  best  sourc- 
es of  informntion  have  been  carefully  consulted; 
and  it  is  hoped  that  but  few  errors  will  be  found.— 
The  numbers  in  the  Is?  r-o/r/m?*  refer  to  the  "nota" 
which  are  annexed,  the  numbers  of  which  corres- 
pond witii  the  nunnbers  on  tlie  table.  Numerous 
refcrencer; -.re  made  to  the  pages  of  the  V/cehly  Re- 
^iV?cr,  where  the  detnils  are  to  be  found;  by  whicl! 
tlie  reader  will  be  enabled,  v,'ith  much  case,  to  trace 
the  severr.l  acounts  and  details  of  any  particular 
ection,  through  all  the  volumes  of  that  work  where 
they  are  contained. 

J^'otes,  for  the  table  of  naval  actions  (referred  to  by 
t'lie  tios.  in  the  1st  column.) 

3.  The  W.»Kp  was  c:!ptured  and  the  Frolic  re-cap- 
tured soon  after  the  close  of  the  action,  by  the 
Poictiers,  74,  and  carried  into  Bermuda. 

$.  This  action  was  fou,r^ht  off  .St.  Salvador,  a  Por- 
tuguese South  American  port.  The  Java  was  so 
crippled  that  commodore  ]?ainbridge  found  it  ne- 
cessary to  destroy  her.  Lieut,  gen.  Hislop,  go- 
vernor of  Bombay,  and  several  oJier  Rrixish  mi!i- 
tai-y  and  nL.val  officers  of  distinction  were  captur- 
ed'in  the  Java,  From  the  Java's  muster  book,  it 
seems  her  crew  amounted  to  near  440.  See  inte- 
resting details  by  "an  American,"  vol.  IV.  p.  275. 

8.  The  Decatur  v.-as  a  priv.ite  armed  vessel;  the  Do- 
minica belonged  to  the  British  navy. 

9.  The  Pelicansloop  of  war  was  greatly  superior  to 
the  Argus,  as  will  appe.ar  by  a  comp.irison  of  their 
respective  forces.  At  tite  close  of  the  action,  it 
seems  the  Uritisli  frigate  Leouidas  fell  in  with 
them,  to  which  circumstance  the  c;;pture  of  the 
Argus  was  attributed. 

1-1.  This  v.-as  the  first  time  that  an  Amcricp.n  squ.ad- 
ronhad  ever  met  that  of  an  enemy.  The  British 
scjiiadron  under  the  command  of  com.  Barclay,  an 
ollicer  of  great  experience,  sailed  from  port  in 
search  of  the  Amei-icim:  they  met — and  afier 
three  hourp  incessant  firin:j',  com.  Perry  success- 
fully executes  one  of  tlie  grandest  manceuAres  in 
iiav."d  warfare- — that  o{  pausing  tJirouffh  the  riienii/'s 
line.  The  reader  is  referred  lo  com.  i'crry's  mas- 
terly report  of  the  battle  vol.  V.  p.  61,  and  to 
the  biogr.phica!  sketch  of  his  life,  sitppl.  vol.  V. 

12.  Valp>.raiso  is  a  port  of  the  jjrovince  or  g'ovcrn- 
rnent  of  Chili,  on  the  western  coast  of  .Souih 
Avnerica.  Tiie  action  took  pl.tce  wiiiiiu  gun  shot 
of  the  Spanish  fbit,  and  in  open  violation  of  tiie 
r.eutraiity  of  tlie  port.  'I'he  Essex  fuiight  under 
g-reat  disadvant.iges,  yet  maintained  the  very  un- 
equal cuJitest  against  doulile  iiCi-  fo  -ce,  for  f-ivo 
/louj-s  antl  a  ha!f — see  capt.  Por.c;'.:,  otKcial  ac- 
count, vol.  \l.p.  338.  The  Phccbe  Carried  long 
ii^invs;  'die  r.s^jx  cartonad'^- 


14  and  15.  These  two  vessels  the  Wasp  capturca 
witli  the  loss,  in  both  engagements,  of  7  killed 
and  22  wounded;  wliile  the  loss  of  the  Reindeea* 
and  Avon  was  34  killed  and  75  wounded.  Gapt, 
Blakeley  destroyed  the  former;  the  latter  was  re- 
captured, jus;,  in  time  to  save  the  crew  before  she 
7vent  down,  so  destructive  was  the  fire  of  thf 
AVasp. 

16.  A  comparisoii  of  tlie  forces  of  the  respective 
squadrons  will  shew  the  great  superiority  of  the 
British  over  the  American.  So  entirely  satisfied 
v.-erc  the  British  commanders  of  this,  that  they 
had  made  no  provision  for  a  revi'vue,-  and  a  preci- 
pitate retreat  on  land  immediately  followed  their 
defeat  on  the  lake.  This  memorable  b.ittle  was 
fought  in  £,ight  of  the  hostile  armies,  which  were 
at  the  same  time  engaged  at  Plattsburg. 

17-  The  General  Armsirong  was  a  private  armed 
schooner,  owned  in  New- York.  Slie  was  attacked 
at  midnight,  in  the  neutral  port  of  Fayal,  by 
twelve  boats  from  a  British  squadron,  having  on 
board  400  men,  who  were  beaten  off  with  dreadful 
carnage,  having  near  390  men  killed  and  wounded, 
and  several  of  the  boats  with  their  crews  sunk. 
See  details,  vol.  VII.  p.  153. 

18.  This  Was  the  action  between  the  gun  vessels  en 
lake  Rorgne  near  New-Orleans,  and  the  barges  of 
the  British  squadron  then  at  Ship  island. 

19.  The  British  squadi'on  wh.ich  captured  the  Pre- 
sident consisted  of  the  Majestic  razee,  the  Endy- 
mion,  Pomone  and  Tenedos  frigates  and  Despatdt 
bi'jg.  Tiie  President  wrs  annoyed  by  tjie  End\-- 
mion,  which  had  outsailed  the  rest  of  the  squa- 
dron, she  was  therefore  oblijjcdto  fight  her,  with  , 
th.e  hojie  of  "th-o-mnq-  hey  oni  of  the  engagement" 
before  the  other  vessels  of  the  squadron  could  get 
up  to  her  assistance.  Decatur  succeeded  in  this; 
but  in  his  cripplcil  state  lie  was  unable  to  escajjq 
them,  and  struck  to  the  jilajestic  razee. 

20.  Tlie  Chasseur  was  a  private  armed  brig  owned 
in  Baltimore;  the  St  Lawrence  "iiis  Britannic; 
majesty's"  schooner. 

21.  The  Cyane  is  of  the  class  of  frigates,  and 
mounted  34  guns;  the  Levant  a  sloop  of  war  of 
the  largest  class,  mounting  21  guns. 

22.  Tiie  island  of  Tristian  de  Cunha,  off  which  this 
action  was  fought,  lies  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  S. 
America.  The  Penguin  had  been  fitted  out,  a.'? 
.'ippe.irs  from  a  letier  of  instructions  from  admin 
ral  Tyler  to  capt.  Dickinson,  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  capturing  the  Hasp — but  mark  the  result: 
The  Penguin  f.dls  in  with  the  Hornet,  a  vessel 
greatly  inferior  to  the  Wasp,  anil  is  herself  cap- 
tured in  22  iimnites  ! 

23.  The  Saratoga  was  u  private  armed  vessel. — 
And,  chased  by  a  frigate,  had  thrown  the  most  of 
her  guns  overboard  before  she  encountered  tlie 
Morgiana  (a  British  packet),  carried  by  boarding. 


The  following  national  vessels  laere  at  sea  at  the  close 
of  the  -war. 

Guns. 


Frigate  Constitution  44 

Sloop  of  war  Wasp,  IcJ 

Peacock,  13 

Hornet,  18 

Brier  Tom  Bowlintr,    '  12 


Jilen  Comimiders. 
400  Stewart 
160  Blakeley 
16J  Warringion 
140  Biddle 
90 


The  following  list  contains  aliont  Ihreefunrilis  nfthe  p:'i- 
vate  armed  -resFcls  tliat  iverc  at  sea  as  above — twVA 
their  force,  &c.  as  nearly  as  it  could  be  ascertained : 

Tons.  Guns.  Men 
Ship  niakcly,  Williams,  of  Boston  141       14      119' 
America.  Cheever,  Salem  320       22      150 

A'flung  -Wns-p,  H^M'ley,  Phils.  5pQ      ^0    .  W 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  ON  THE  OCEAN. 


3J0 
381 
144 

182 
388 


Brig'  Grand  Turk,  Green,  Salem 

Reindeer  Snow,  Boston 

Abxllino,  Wyer,  do. 

George  Little,^Spooner,  do. 

Avon,  Nye,  do. 

Prince  of  Neurc'i.Uel,  Tiliiliii, 
Neu'-York.  319 

WaiTior,  Champ!  I.-.,  do  430 

Mor,':;-iana,  Fellows,  F.sdtimore  220 

Scourge,  Woo  iter,  do.  268 

Dash,  Porter,  PortUnd,  213 

Portsmouth,    SincL.ir,    Ports- 
mouth,   

Alars,  Coit,  do.  

f:has.«;eur,  Boyle,  Baltimore,     350 

Macdonoiig-h,  Wdson,  Urijci.-l, 
11.  I.  SO 5 

lAidlow,  Mudge,  Kenebunk 

Arrow,  Conklhi,  Nev/-"Vork 
Schooner  Brutus,  Austin,  Boston 

liCo,  iiewer,,  do. 

Com.    Macdonoug'h,   Good- 
rich, do. 

Sine  qua  non.  Luce,  do. 

Macedonian,  Townscnd,  Ports- 
mo;itli„  233 

Fox,  Winkley,  do.  

Cumberland,    Killeran,    Port- 
land, 

Mamniotli,  Rowland,  Bult. 

Kemp,  Aimed:;,  do. 

Hollin;s,  Siocket,  do. 

Rog-er,  Quiirle?,  Norfolk, 

Fox,  J.  J.  Bonne,  B;,ltimore, 

Sarani^c,  Dasiieli,  .-lo. 

Chiimplain, ,  Portsmoulh, 

Xebec  Shark, ,  Nev-York,         

U'tor,  Mailiews,  Baltiir.ore       150 
Cutter  Hero,  Waterman,  Nev/bern,  N.  C. 


16 

14 

5 

8 

14 

18 

22 

14 

9 

5 


lU.5 

132 

7C^ 

74 

130 

127 
140 

90 
120 

57 


12      160 


207 
25'J 

V.07 
ins 

II  tri 
CO 


IS 

6 
16 
14 

7 

7 
7 


14^ 
45 
200 
120 
100 

92 
80 

95 


112 

40 

O/  0 

10 

135 

ZOO 

12 

130 

25J 

:;.8 

100 

200 

10 

120 

275 

3 

120 

300 

10 

125 

l")ominica 

Hig-h  Flyer 

Laura 

St.  Lawrence 

Fictou 

Balahou 

Townsend 

F,n;w 

Landrail  e 

M org-!  an  a 

Lapwing- 

On  Lake  Ont.irio 

Duke  of  Gloucester 

Melville 

Julia 

Growler 

C:dedonia 

Xancy. 

V^'hi'dng 

Prince  Adolphu.s     ''^ 

Princess  Amelia 

Ey  press 

Mary  Ann 

Ann 

Manchester 

LitUe  Catiiarine 

Princess  Elizabeth 
St.me  name 

Ldv  Aiavv  Pelham 

Windsor  Cusvle 

Sw.allow 

Duke  of  Montrose   j 

Xucton  J 

And  from  5  to  8  o-S 
tl\e]- small  vessels  C 
carrang-  uhout     J) 


16  Decatur  privateer 
4  Bv  the  President 


12 


■i!i-^-ent    pnva'. 


.'er 
15  Cuasscur  pri^'ateer 
10  Constitution 

8  Perry  privrdecr 

9iTom  iM'ivateer 
10;Holkar  priv..tccr 

4jSyi"e!i  privateer 
18iSaratnL;-a  privateer 
lOlFox.  privateer 

]4p\  By  Com..  Chauncey. 

14;  \     ■fT'rSeveral     c:\\\- 

nulic- 


'0 

13 

6 

10 


/^J 


0^'Several 
oi  (       boats    not 
8!j      ed. 
6!()n  lake  Erie. 
^  On  Lake  liui-oii 


Gov.  M'Kean  priv. 
Possie  privateer 
\  n.^cfMula  privateer 
Gov.  Tompkins  priv. 

Yorktown  orivateer 


126 


4(. 


928 


iierald  privateer 

Harjiv  prjvaleer 
.iinorlca  privateer 
Kemp  p]-iv;iiccr 
j{o;';er  privateer 
President  frigate 

Ditto. 
Essex  frig-ate 


List  of  British  national  vesse-s  captured  during  the  ivar. 


Guerriere 

Macedonian 

Java 

The  Ei-iffeet. 
Detroit        "         19" 
Queeu  Charlotte  17 
Lady  Prevost        13 
Hunter  10 

Little  Belt  3 

Chippewa  1^ 

Chiiinplain  jieet. 
Confiancc  ?>9i~\ 

Linnet  16 

Chub  11 


Fincli  11 

Gun  boats,  not  cap- 


r 


iured 
New 'Trig-ate 
Alert 
Frolic 
Boxer 
Peacock 
Epervier 
He  in  deer 
Avon 
I'enguin 
Hermes 
Cyane 
Levant 


18 


J 


49 
49 
49 


63 


95 


rhe  Consiitution  .54 

United  States         54 
Constitution  ,)4 

r       '       .1 

By    the  fleet  un-  j 
der  the  command  y 
of  com.  Perry. 


KECAPI'l-rX^TiOX. 

British  national  vessels  capUu-ed  66 

Carrying  in  all  (the  deduction  of  18  gams  being- 
made  for  the  g-un  boats  whicli  escaped  on 
Champlain,  but  put  into  the  table  to  sliew  the 
relative  force  of  the  two  squadrons,  the  g-tm- 
boats  being  also  estimated  in  our  agg-re^^atc) 
g-uns,  9i0 

in  those  cases  inhere  the  force  of  the  contendii'.jj; 
Imrlies  is  certainly  Ino-im,  it  up.peam,  in  the  aggrcg-uti, 
that 

The  British  fought 
Americans 


54 


40 

2G 

2 

IS 

2 

2' 

20, 

19 

.'j 

23 


111'- 


r  ^ 

I  By  the  fleet  under  I 
j       com.    Mac  do-    [ 
rough,    carry-  | 

J 

Destroyed  at  York 
^)y  the  Ksscx 

Wasp 

Knterprize 

Hornet 

I eacock 


C  Wasp  ^ 

Hornet 
Dejtroyed  at  Mobile 

j  By  the  Constjttution 


86 


46 
20 
16 
2j 
22 

22 

20 

54 


G15 

599 


General  balance  in  favor  of  the  Briti.sh         1 6 
But  tlie  difference  between  the  E.ssex  46,  and 
the  Alert  26,  being  deducted,  fur  the  a^aiv 
between  them  does  not  deserve  tiie  name  of 
a  battle 

And  the  real  advantage  or.  the  sid-  of  the  Bri- 
tish was 


*  These  v/ere  ciucfly  p.ackets  harrying  8  or  10 
guns.  The  privateers  -would  average  about  the  same. 
Several  of  the  afl'airs  between  litem  and  thc^  pri- 
vateers as  well  deserve  a  place  in  the  table  rf  h.it- 
ties  as  some  that  are  tliere;  and  tliey  should  have 
been  added  by  me,  if  1  iiad  tiiougbt  of  it  In  uiri'ie. 
In  several  insiajices  they  were  g:.ilantly  defcndc-d, 
especialv  the  Pri;i&*?ss'  Amelia,  captured  by  the 
famous  commodore  Jiarnen  in  liir.  privateer  Jinnvr; 
and  it  ofren  happened  tliat  the  f  ircc  of  the  contend- 
ing parlies  v/as  very  near  equal  in  racn  as  well  a^5  lu 
guns,  the  crews  of  the  prJYatcc;ii  iKJng  vesJuccd  l>y 
manning  their  priiics. 


324,       NILBS'  WEEKLY  IlEGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  181& 


JJst  of  British  natiunal  vessels  lost  at  sea  during  the 
■ivur,  and  ivhich  may  lie  fuirli/  attributable  to  it. 

jVames.  Guns.         JWimes. 

Jjeopard  5Q  Emulous 

Woolwich  44  Avenger 

Soutiiampton  44  Plumper 

Stiitira  44  Falcoa 

3i;u-bacloes  38  Herald 

Daediilus  38  Dai-ing' 

LuLirislinus  24  Magnet 

Atal.inta  20  JJold 

Mo.selle  20  l^liodl.m 

Persian  20  Alpheus 

Sylph  20  Racer 

Colibri  'iO  Holly 

Halcyon  20  Aigerine 

Tantome  '    20  Rover 

Goobeliawk  20  Subtle 

Tweed  20 


Guns. 
18 
18 
18 
18 
18 
16 
16 
16 
12 
12 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 


6r4 


I'otal 

This  is  the  rate — add  2-0  per  cent,  for  the 
guns  they  actually  carried  135 

809 
OC/*  I  suspect  the  above  list,  which  I  copy  from 
anotijer  p.iper,  is  imperfect;  aiiJ  considerably  under 
the  real  amomit  of  the  losses  of  the  British  nt  sea, 
ill  consecjui'tice  of  the  war  witii  tlie  United  States. 
Statement  uf  Jiritish  wercliant  vessels  captured  by  lite 
public  and  private  arined  vessels  of  the  tlnited  States. 
24:5  ships — of  wliich  about  250  wcrear.a-       Guns. 
ed,   carrying  from  6  to  26   guns — 
averaged  at  10  guns  2,500 

610  brigs — about  300  of  which  were  arm- 
ed with  from  6  to  12  guns — averag- 
ed at  8  gims  2,400 
520  schoor.ers — of  which  about  100  were 
aiuieu  witli  from  3  to  10  guns — 
averaged  at  6  guns  600 
135  sloops — few  armed — not  counted 


List  of  American  7iafifmal vessels  captured  or  desirox^ 
ed  during-  the 


-i<ar. 


J\'avies. 


President 

Chesapeake 

Essex 

Wasp 

JVolic 

Argus 

Syren 

Rattlesnake 

Viper 

Vixen 

Nautilus 

Asp 

Eagle,  Growler,  Ju-"^ 
lia,  Scorpion,  Ty-  l^ 
gress,  and  2  other  f 


small  vessels 
5  gun  boats 
Caroline 


J 


54 
48 

46 

2U 

2; 

2C 
It 
16 
14 
14 
14 
3 

28 


2o 
10 


A  sqviadron 

Shannon 

Fhcebe  and  Cherub 

Poictiers  74 

Oi-pheus  38 

Peiican 

Medwi.y  74 

Leander50 

SoutJiampton  32 

A.  squadron 

Boats  in  Chesapeake 

(Various-onChanT 
plain,  Eric  Hu- 
1      ron  &,  Ontario. 

Boats  in  lake  Borgne 
Battery  at  N.  Orleans 


58 
8i 


21 


42 


350 

nEOiPlTULATION-.  * 

American  government  vessels  captured       25 
Carrying  in  ail  350  guns. 

Fi;jm  those  cases  where  the  fur  ce  of  the  contending 
parties  i",  certainly  knotmi,  these  aggregates  appear — 


1610  5,5u0 

Besides  these  we  captured  about  750  other 
vessels  which  were  re-capim-ed  car- 
rying- in  the  whole  2,500  j 


The  British  fought 
Americans 


197  guns. 

142 


55 


In  favor  of  the  British 

GETTEUAL  IlECAPITULATIGX. 

American  national  vessels   captured  or  de- 
stroyed by  the  British,  gnus 
^destroyed  at  Washing- 

44 541     ton   city,   to    prevent 

18 — ~22  "]    them  fi-om  faliinginto 
l_  the  enemy's  liands 

c,A 2P  ^  destroyed  at  Hampden 

^   as  above 


35&. 


Essex 

Argus 


Adams 


Probable  amount — guns  8,0U0 

GEXEIIAL  niiCAi'ITULATION. 

British  national  vessels,  910 

Slerciiant  vessel.^.,  captured  and  "s.itisfacto- 


rily    accounted  ibr" — (i.  e.  which  ari-ived 

in  port,  or  were  destroyed,  &c.) 
!N"aiionid  vessels  lost  at  sea  in  consequence 

of  the  war, 
]\Ierchaiit   vessels   captured     by    Amei-ican 

cruisers  and  re-c«pturcd 


Wasp         18 22— lost 

2  vessels  on  lake  Ontario,  lost 

Grand  total,  guns 


28 
22 
16 

492 


809 

2,500 

Grand  total  of  guns  captured  9,719 

Culcvlatiou  of  the  probable   kss  of  men,  by  the  Briii^ih 

— kiUedy  wounded  and  pi  isonevs.  during  the  iiar. 
Gross  amount  killed,  wounded  and  piiboners, 

as  \\\  the  large  ii.ble  4,357 

Add  for  tlie   io  other  national  vessels  named, 

fee.  HI  ihe  second  table,  averaged  at  40  each  1,440 


345  si>ii)s 
610  bngs 
.520  scaooners 
135  slojps 


at 


18  each 
12 

8 

5 


6210 
7220' 
41G0 
665- 


750  vessels  (recaptured)  at  10  men  e^ch  7,J0t/ 

lV'>;;.ibie  number  of  prisoners,  See.  31,562 

VViiat  portiun  of  tuese  were  actually  landed  in  the 

UaitcdytatQs  i  cannot  pretend  to -sjiy". 


During  tlie  winter  of  1814-15,  though  the  Chesa- 
peake was  so  closelj-  blockaded,  twenty-.'ieven  sail  of 
merchant  vessels   sailed  from   l>altimore  for  foreign 
ports.     Six  of  these  were  captured  in  tlte  bay  or  lost 
near  the  cape  in  consequence  of  tlie  'hard  weatlier,' 
selected  to  make  tlieir  escape,  for  tlie  mouth  of  the 
Chesapeake  Mas  so  completely  blocked  up  that  it 
was  only  in  snow  storms  or  dreadful  gales  of  u  ind 
that  tliey  could  expect  to  make  so  long  a  run  and 
pass  the  enemy's  upper  and  lower  squadrons.   Three 
otI\ers  were  captured  at  sea  ;  but  several  made  two 
safe  voyages  to  tlie  W.  Indies  and  back,  to  d.e  gi-eat 
profit  of  tiieir  owners,     j'.esides  tliese  not  less  than 
twenty  otliCi-  Ii.iltinjoie  vessels  were  at  sea,  sailing 
from  and  returning  to  other  ports.     It  is  jnobabie 
that  this  city  had  as  many  rnerc/iant  vessels  employed 
on  foreign  voyages  during  the  war  as  all  the  rest  of 
18  '^'55  ^'^^  United  States,  not  counting  those  that  had  sailed 
'~      '  before  the  war  began. 

24,1 '62 


Jlavir.g  thus  p)-oceeded  to  shew,  as  fu-  as  we  are 
.tbie,  the  f.^cis  uiid  probabiiities  belonging  to  the 
v.ar  on  tlie  ocean  (for  of  the  loss  of  American  mer- 
cltant  and  private  armed  vessels  ca])tured  or  de- 
htrojed  by  the  eHemy  we  have  no  record)  we  feel--.. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— WAR  ON  THE  OCEAN. 


325 


it  just  to  givethe  British  statements  below,  chief- 
Jf  us  cwiosi:ies— for  thev  are  as  f\\se  ;.nd  scandu- 
ious  as  any  other  «'Biitish  official"  we  ever  exa- 
ini-icd,  as"  may  be  seen  by  those  cases  wherein 
our  f  lets  may  be  put  in  opposition  to  tlie  admiralty 
assertions. 

from:  a  toxDON  papeh. 
BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  PRIZES. 
House  of  Commons, — February  1. 
In  compliance  with  the  late  order  of  the  house, 
one  of  the  lords  of  tiie  admiralty  this  day  laid  before 
parliament  all  the  papers  relative  to  captures  made 
by  the  Americans  of  our  vessels,  since  the  cora- 
.niencement  of  the  late  war.      The  following-  are 
among-  the  most  impoi-tant  of  them. 
No    IV. 
Admiralty  ojicc.,  \st  Fdbiiiary,  1815. 
An  account  of  ail  ships  of  war  aiid  ai-med  vessels, 
belonging-  to  his  majesty,  wl.ich  liave  been  taken 
or  destroyed  by  the  Americans  since  the  com- 
merccment  of  tlie  war,  witli  the  force   of  each 
ship  or  vessel,  in  guns,  men  and  boys: — 

Jit  /tea.  guns.  men  &  boys 

3  ships  of  33  e-i-jis,     114  980 

698 

177 

100 

68 


6 

]f6 

96 

2 

12 

24 

2 

10 

20 

3 

4 

12 

16  ships  h.  vessels,        266*  2,015 

On  Lakes  Erie  and  Champlain — The  whole 
of  the  flotillas  stated  in  the  retm-n  No.  1  to  have 
been  on  those  two  Lakes,  on  the  24th  July,  1813. 
[They  are  the  same  us  stated  in  the  American  papers] 
No.  V. 
Admiralty  office,  1st  Febiniary  1815. 
An  account  of  all  ships  of  wai-  and  armed  vessels, 
belonging  to  the  United  States  of  America,  taken 
or  destroyed  by  his  majesty's  ships  sh.ce  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war;  together  with  a  statement 
of  the  force  of  each  ship  or  vessel,  in  guns,  men 
and  boys: — 

J^fatioiial  ships  and  vessels. 
1  ship  of  56  guns 


1 
1 
1 

1 
4 
2 
1 
2 

3 
1 

17 


49 
46 
26 
22 
20 
18 
16 
14 
12 
3 
2 


34  ships  and  vessels 
Additional  on  the  lakes. 
2  of  22 

2  18 

2  5 

2  2 

42  ships  and  vessels. 


guns. 

men  &  boy 

56 

49 

440 

46 

300 

26 

— 

22 

179 

80 

420 

36 

163 

16 

1U6 

28 

205 

24 

118 

3 

25 

34 

— 

400 

1956 

44 

198 

36 

10 

80 

4 

63 

454t      2294 


*I  pray  the  reader  to  observe  this  total  of  266 
§uns.     I  shew  a  grand  undeniable  total  of  928 

Deduct  for  the  lake  fleets— 95  and  63  158 


The  British  allow  266 

difference  between  the  lords  of  tlie  admi-  ■? 

:         ralty  and  truth  ■  5    504 

^  I  should  like  tp  s.^e  th.e  panicnhvs- 


Privateers,  a7id  other  ships 
and   vessels  armed  and 
commissioned  for  war. 
3  of  22  guns 


10 

20 

11 

18 

5 

18 

1 

17 

11 

16 

8 

16 

1 

1.5 

10 

14 

4 

14 

2 

13 

11 

12 

2 

12 

1 

11 

8 

10 

2 

10 

2 

9 

6 

8 

1 

8 

3 

7 

26 

6 

15 

5 

24 

4 

6 

3 

24 

2 

6 

2 

16 

1 

9  force  not  stated. 

228  private  ships,  &c. 
of  war. 
42  national  sliips 


66 

237 

200 

922 

198 

830 

90 

17 

100 

176 

716 

128 

15 

110 

140 

768 

56 

. 

26 

185 

132 

753 

24 

11 

9^ 

SO 

419 

20 

18 

151 

46 

244 

8 

21 

154 

156 

932 

75 

793 

96 

643 

18 

176 

48 

5x7 

12 

16 

435 

1906 
454 


8974 
2294 


270  ships  of  war  of  all 
descriptions. 

•    Grand  total,       2360:^  11,263 

No.  VI. 
Aihmrally  office,  1st  Feb.  1815. 
A  return  of  the  number  of  American  seamen  that 
have  been  made  prisoners  of  w.ir  since  tlie  com- 
mencement of  hostilities,  distinguishing  collec- 
tively the  number  of  those  wlio  have  been  cap- 
tured and  those  who  were  detained  in  the  port* 
of  the  United  Kingdom: — 

Total  num.ber  captured,  18,413 

Total  detained  as  above,  2,548 


20  961 


Aggreerate, 
No.  VII. 
Admiralty  office,  1st  Feb.  1815. 
An  account  of  all  merchant  vessels  taken  from  thd  - 
United  States  of  America,  or  destroyed  ;.nd  re- 
ported  to   tJie  admiralty,    since  tlie    commence- 
ment of  the  -war,  specifying  the  class  or  tonnage 
of  eacli  vessel,  as  far  as  the  same  can  be  ascer- 
tained; and  distinguishing   those  detained   in  the 
ports  of  the  United  Kingdom: — 
Ships  ai-Kl  vessels,  the  tonnage  of        Ao.  Tons. 

which  hath  been  reported,  546         77,625 

Sliips  and  vessels,  the  tonnage  of 

wliich  hath   not  been    reported,   but  which  are' 
riggid  as  follow,  viz. 

Ships,  180 

Brigs,  81 

Sciiooners,  177 

Sloops,  47 

Other  small  craft,  42 — 447 

Sliips  and  vessels  of  all  descriptions, 
but  of  which  neither  the  tonnage     • 


i  A  monsirow:  agg-reg.itc. 


S26      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1816. 


nor  class  of  rigging  hatli  been  re- 
ported, 

Aggregate  of  merchant  vessels  cap- 
tured or  destroyed,  as  fai*  as  is  re- 
ported to  the  admiraUy, 

Detiuned  in  the  ports  of  the  United 
Kingdom, 

(lletui-us  from  Ireland  not  reckoned.) 


334 

1328 

70 


.steers,  which  are  not  regulruiv-  reported  to  the  Portance  under  t,,e  existing  Circumstances  of  t 
,iralty  and  no  reU,i-ns  8f  captures  have  been  ^['}^'f^  P«"i'>"  o*  the  pubuc  force.  AVdl  it  be  c 
'ivedfrom  tJie  East  Indies  and  cape   of  Good  ^>ted  by  posterity,  tliat  a  na%T,  whicli  struck  dis^ 


Grand  total,  1407 

The  above  number  does  not  include  cMjitures  by 
priva 
admi 

received  from  tlie  East  Indies  and  cape 
Hope  stations,  and  the  returns  from  other  foreign 
stations  have  only  been  received  in  part. 
No  VIJI. 
jldnnraltii  office,  \st  Feb.  1815. 
An   account   of  any  frigates  of  a   larger  class,  or 
any  siiips  of  a  class  i;'.rger  than  frigates,  and  less 
tlian  ijnc  of  baHle  ships,  built  or  fitted  out  since 
the  18',li  .Tune,   1812  (as  far  as  can  be  produced 
witliout  detriment  to  tlie  public  service)  statinjL^- 
tlie  periods  at  wiiich  such  vessels  vere  respec- 
tively fitted  out : 

When  fitted  out. 
4tl)  Slav,  1814 
20th  July,  1814 
26th  June,  1813 
27th  April,  1814 
26th  June,  1813 
18th  Mav,  1813 
23d  Jan.  1813 
23d  June,  1813 
,  12th  Nov.  1813 
14th  M:iv,  1813 
17th  Dec.  1313 
28th  Jan.  1814 


force  of  tliis  species  that  was  fitting  out  under  tlie 
enterprizeand  skill  of  Porter.  We  can  equip  and 
man  one  hundred  sucii  vessels  in  six  weeks. 


Naval  Affairs. 

Our  old  friend  the  naval  officer  has  again  present- 
ed us  with  thesuljjoined  letter  on  the  subject  of  an 
admiral's  grade  in  the  navy  of  the  United  States, 
which,  in  common  with  every  real  friend  of  tlie  ser- 
vice,  we  cannot  but  consider  .^s  of  the  liighest  im- 

'  "  that 
cre- 
smay 
into  the  "mistress  of  the  ocean,"  and  awed  into 
instantaneous  submission  the  long-dreaded  tyrant 
of  Algiers — will  jit  be  credited  tliat'suchj  a  navy,- 
after  achicving-theseand  man}'  more  glorious  feats  of 
a  like  nat\u-e,  wiis  not,  even  unto  this  late  day,  digni- 
fied and  adorned  with  the  grade  of  adnfiral?  If  this 
p^per  should  happily  reach  the  hands  of  those  whose 
duty  it  is  to  repair  this  ungenei-ous  defect  in  the  na- 
val coi"ps  of  the  ITnited  States,  we  eai'uestly  entreat 
them  to  give  a  fair  and  candid  perusal  to  the  fol- 
lowing lener,and  to  weigh  well  tlie  justice  of  th* 
statements  it  contains: 

A  sixth  letter  fr&m  an  officer-  nf  the   U.  S.  iiai'y,  to  his 
friend,  a  inembar  of  congress,  dated  at 

Nmv-YoKK,  Dec.  28th,  1815. 
Sir — If  T  were  not  sm'e,  that  you  are  acquainted 
with  the  fact,  that  whatever  promotions  may  take 
place  in  the  n.iv;d  corps  of  our  coimtry,  a  long  time 
must  elnpse  ere  I  can  he  benefitted  by  them,  I 
should  feel  some  delicacy  m  touching  upon  a  point 
to  whicli,  in  your  last  letter,  amongst  many  other 
topics,  yon  were  pleased  to  draw  my  attention. — 
But,  as  I  am  confident,  that  you  can  have  no  reason 
to  believe  me  influenced  by  any  other  tikan  tlie  per- 
manent interests  of  our  conntrv,  and  tlie  prosperity 
CONCLUDING  REMARKS.  of  its  navy,  (witli  which  those' interests  are  closely 
Wliile  we  c-refally  review  the  preceding  exhibits  connected)  I  shall,  without  reserve,  state  such  fact* 
we  have  ample  reason,  indeed,  to  feel  proud  of  our  |  and  rcasonhigs  as  cannot  but  convince  you,  tliat  the 
floings  on  tlie  sea,  coping  with  an  enemy  that  liadj^v/a/  intei'ests  and  fn  tire  respectability  if  our  v.avyy 
blocked  up  the  ships  of  Europe  (combined  at  onejc/o'ey??/  dt'pendujmi  the  creation  of  a  higher  grade  of 
time  against  her)  in  their  own  ports.  Let  tliis  fact;  officers  than  any  vMch  now  e.iist  in  the  naval  corps. 
he  remarked  us  we  go  along — it  is  a  volume  ofj  In  the  first  place:  it  is  an  undeniable  fact,  that 
praise;  and,  possildy.  Great  B7-itain  lost  more  ves-| no  military  corps  of  any  nation  on  earlli,  was  ever 
eels  (slie  uudcailitcdiy  lost  more  honor),  in  our  littlej  actuated  by  purer  viewgthan  the  naval  corps  of  tlie 
bru.ii  with  her,  than  she  lost  in  all  iht  wars  that;  United  States.  Diu'ing  the  course  of  tlio£;c  brilliant 
sprang  from  tlie  French  revolution,  commcncingjachievments  v/hich  the  officers  of  that  corps  so  un- 
some  30  years  ago,  and  continuhig  with  very  little jexpectedly  obtahied  over  the  Bi-itisii  in  the  late 
intermission,  imtil  nearly  tlie  middle  of  the  last j  war,  no  ribbands — no  garters — no  titles — no  re- 
year  ! But  tlie  fact  is — the  losses  she  suffered  wards  of  a  substantial  nature    were  held  out  to 

in  the  late  war  is  but  the  type  of  what  v.'ill  be!  them.  Tliey  were  influenced  only  by  the  sacred 
done  in  another,  come  when  it  will.  In  a  shortj  principles  of  patriotism,  and,  in  seeking  for  the  ap- 
space    of    time,   we  shall  liave  ships  of  the  line,|plause  of  their  fellow  citizens,  they  had  the  grateTul 

frigates    and    sloops    enough vessels    superiorl  felicity  to  acquire  it.     I   admit  that  some  of  them 

to  any  that  float  in  their  construction  and  equip-  have  been  rewarded  with  swords,  medals,  services 


Ships. 

Guns. 

JFhen  ordered. 

Liverpool 

40 

Dec.  1812, 

Glr.sgow 

40 

do. 

Severn 

40 

Jan.  1813, 

LiflTev 

40 

do. 

Forth 

40 

do. 

Endymion 

40 

July,  1812, 

Maj  estic 

5G 

J:in.  1813, 

<Tolidi 

55 

Feb.  1813, 

Saturn 

56 

iVIarch,  1513 

Akbar 

50 

do. 

Leander 

50 

May,  1813, 

Newcastle 

50 

do. 

ments;  v/hich,  collected  in  bodies  or  moving  about 
the  sea  with  tlie  rapidity  that  peculiarly  belongs  to 
Ihcm,  will,  perhaps,  give  employ  to  ten  times  tlicir 
number,  and  indeed  be  too  many  for  the  ships  of 
Great  Britain,  (calculated  to  fight  or  catcii  them) 
to  manage  ;  while  a  nameTonsfyingsriuadron  (such 
vessels  as  no  oth.er  people  tlian  ourselves  ever 
built  or  ever  salied)  will  be  dasliing  every  where, — 
even  into  tlie  midst  of  convoys,  iaugiiing  at  tlie 
sluggish  sliijis  appointsd  to  guard  them — and  their 
orders  will  be  to  cli'ar  the  ocean  so  far  as  they  can — 
i.  e.  to  destroy  the  prizes  tiiey  make,  as  v/eU  to  keep 
their  own  foice  entire  as  to  secure  us  against  recap- 
ture.    If  the  witx  had  lasted  th.rce  months  longer, 


of  plate,  dinners,  &c.  and  that  all  of  them  have,  in 
some  way  or  other,  been  distinguished  by  remune- 
rations from  the  public;  but,  as  they  have  broken 
the  charm  of  invincibility,  so  long  and  so  success- 
fully arrogated  by  the  navy  of  Great  Brilai'i,  and, 
contrary  to  the  expectations  and  predictions  of  the 
world,  acquired  for  th.eir  country  imperishable  fame, 
I  am  anxious  that  they  should  be  rewarded  with' 
somethinsr  of  a  more  agreeable,  beneficial,  and 
equally  durable  nature.  There  are  but  few  of  our 
commandf  rs,  even  of  the  lowest  rank,  who  have  not 
])erformed  exploits  that,  in  liUgland,  would  havQ, 
been  rewarded  with  the  title  of  nobility;  in  Sweden 
or  in  Russia,  with  the  order  of  the  sword  or  cross; 


]>ing  cfitcts   wo'.dd  haVe  resulted  from  thcjand  in  France,  with  the  higgle;- order  of  Uic  legion 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NAVAL  AFFAIRS. 


S27 


yf  honor.  Captain  B "ok e,  of  the  British  n.ivy,  was 
knig^!re(i  fovthe  capture  of  tb.e  C'luscpcke  rVig.  tt 
and  Hope  received  a  service  of  plate  for  having- 
been  pi  ee  I  hors  ile  cvmbtit  by  the  I'rcsident;  altho' 
an  t!ie  United  SljIcs,  whore  acts  moic  renowned 
and  really  ivoi'thy  of  great  reward,  had  liecomc  q-iitt- 
common,  he  would  liuve  mtritcd  only  di3p,Tace.* 
Upon  the  score  of  mere  time  or  public  appiuiist;,  I 
am,  i'^  !eed,  not  di-posed  to  complain.  As  far  a.'i 
tJie- voice  of  the  conntry  conld  be  heard,  and  as  far 
a.3  tiic  i'-ravcfui  trihiite  of  admir.ujon  could  extend 
itself,  the  nav:d  ofRcers  of  tiic  United  States  were 
elev;>tedfar  above  thoie  of  any  other  nation.  Every 
-where  r.pphuise  attended  tljem;  of  some  I  will  tl- 
mosl  ventin-e  lo  say  tiiat  Ihey  were  nearly  oppressed 
with  tlie  abundant  commendations  of  tlieirg-enerous 
countrymen,  and  that,  in  consequence,  they  often 
met  'vir,\  difiicul'iies  of  whicli  none  i)ut  themselves 
could  be  aware.  Tiiese  di^Hcullies  were  of  a  deli- 
cate n.tture,  and  arose  entirely  from  the  peculi..rily 
of  their  siUiation.  Tn  pro'iortion  to  tlie  progress  of 
the  oiiicer's  fame,  it  is  obvious  that  his  mode  of  life 
jnnst.  by  tlic  same  rule  ofjiroportion,  accommodate 
itself  to  the  nature  of  thi.t  prog-reus.  »nd,  as  a  mat- 
ter of  course,  that  h.is  daily  cxpendi'ares  must  in- 
crease. T'or  voa  will,  I  presume,  readily  grant,  that 
the  plaudits  of  his  countrymei  would  Dcither  pay 
bis  tavern  or  taylor's  bills,  nor  carry  him  from  one 
part  of  the  country  to  the  other  upon  liis  needful 
concerns.  To  be  ex.dced  into  privaledilfi nities  of 
this  kj  kL  c.Mno'.,  indeed,  be  very  desir;.ble;  yet  all 
these  officerri  feel  it  to  be  in  some  measure  incum- 
bent upon  tiiem  to  make  a  respectable  appearance 
proporiioned  lo  tr.e  dio;nity  and  splendor  of  their 
cliav  c:er.  Tnat  they  Ehoulu,  tlurefore,  inider  these 
circumsi  anccs,  frequently  meet  with  unpleasant  oc- 
currences. Cannot  be  dor.bted,  for  fame  rarely  les- 
ser.s  the  expenses  of  any  man. 

It  is  not  so  with  our  brethren  of  the  army.  A  so- 
lid recompense  always  awaits  them  in  tiie  course  of 
their  services:  for  a  colonel,  by  distinf^uishing' him- 
self, has  a  sure  ground  to  expect  jiromotion  to  the 
rank  of  a  g-eneral.  The  naval  oiiicer,  on  the  con- 
trarv,  is  totally  deprived  of  this  hope;  his  views  a;'^ 
boimdi  d  by  the  rank  of  a  post-captain,  and  wiien 
tliat  rank  is  attair.ed,  his  coar.se  is  run,  and  he  has 
reached  tiie  zenith  of  his  profession.  During  the 
late  war,  no  Higher  object  presented  itself  upon 
which  the  elder,  as  weil  as  the  young-er  members  of 
the  service  ould  fix  their  minds;  and  it  resulted  as 
a  natural  consequence,  tl-.at  tJie  Litter  aimed  only 
at  tlie  acqtiisition  of  such  dccomplisiiments  as  would 
fit  them  for  tiiat  station.  H.ul  t!ie  rank  of  aumi- 
val  existed  in  om-  naval  code,  tlieir  minds  would 
?iave  rested  upon  a  hii^-jiev  and  more  important  ob- 
ject. Tiiey  would  have  seen  the  necessity  of  in'- 
dustrioiisl}-  devoting-  themselves  to  the  ;ittainment 
of  those  .Uribuies  for  wliich  the  compass  of  a 
whole  ll^e  h.is  been  required,  in  order  to  fill  the 
static-  )f  .'.dmirai  witli  honor  a:id  utility.  Nelson, 
liimseif,  from  the  commencement  of  iiis  cai-eer  in 
the  stailon  of  a  cabin  boy,  looked  forward  with  anx- 
iety to  he  proud  day  wiiich  should  hail  him  .as  an 
admi:-:.l,  and,  from  first  to  last,  strenuously  exerted 
himself  (o  ..cquire  the  req.usile  qnalihcations.  Bui 
the  yoiithftii  naval  olficer  of  the  United  States,  inis 
310  bucii  splendid  object  held  out  for  his  exertions; 


*.Mi-'.ake  Die  not.  I  ain  no  advocate  .-or  tuld.'i, 
ribbu.uh,  garters,  kniglithuod'i,  and  sutih  like  j--.Juy 
trash  All  I  >.viaii,is,  Lhaicinijre.js  -.vouid  liold  ou'- 
a  hii^-her  grade  in  Cwc  scale  of  promotion  for  tiit 
poot  captaio,  already  a  vet'-r;tn  in  senicc  .iTjd  in 
JkPijor.  .'. 


t  =iees  no  rank  beyond  that  of  post  captain;  and 
■is  being",  v>-ith  no  great  difticulty,  attained  in  the 
common  routine  of  promotion,  he  does  not  conceive 
it  necessary  to  apply  himself  to  any  of  the  higliei* 
branches  of  nautical  knov.dedge,  because  tlie  sta- 
tion may  be  filled  with  no  grc:it  abilities,  and  there- 
fore, docs  not  require  that  extensive  skill  and  ex- 
perience wliicl:  wovdd  be  necessarv  to  pi-ep."rc  an 
officer  to  di.?charge  the  duties  of  the  first  class. 
Having  reached  tlic  rank  of  post  of  capta!--.;  he 
finds  hinself  at  once  upon  a  level  with  the  eldest 
rmd  highest  ofHcers  in  the  service;  for  tiie  rank  or 
appellation  of  commodore  proceeds  only  from  cour- 
tesy, nnd  is  at  best  of  a  temporarj' and  uns-ibs'.tn- 
tial  nature.  Under  circumstances  of  equaiiw  iifee 
the«e,  bickerings,  cabals,  disjjutes  and  pA.rties, 
must  necessarily  be  gener.ated,  liigiily  irijuriou.'  to 
so  young  a  naval  corps  as  ours;  whej-e  the  intiiieuce 
nnrl  the  example  of  a  senior  is  of  sucii  inesti;n;'.bie 
importance  to  the  jiroper  Iraininji",  .i:id  future  re- 
spectability, of  a  youthful  officer.  On  this  accoimt, 
obedience  to  orders,  arises  in  many  instances  mora 
from  a  sense  of  courtesy,  than  from  anv  acknow- 
ledg-ed  right  on  the  part  of  the  eldest  ofilcer  to  re- 
qtiire  and  enforce  that  obedience.  Tnt^e  ;"-.c  :■  I 
mention  here,  in  order  to  shew  tlie  moral  effect  the 
absence  of  the  grade  of  admiral  has  on  our  service^ 
and  the  severe  feelings  under  which  m-any  of  tlie 
elder  members  must  f-equently  labor  in  tlie  cour.se 
of  tlieir  official  transactions.  Our  post  captains,  as 
the  case  now  stands,  have  nothing  flirther  to  hope 
for  on  the  score  of  prom.ot ion;  some  of  them  have 
spent  the  prime  of  life  in  the  service  of  their  coun- 
try— many  are  g-rowing  grey  and  wrinkled  by  pre- 
mature old  age — while  otb.ers,  worn  U'^wn  by  care 
and  fatigue,  and  crowned  with  tlie  highest  honors 
that  could  be  bestowed  upon  thom,  very  naturally 
turn  their  attention  to  that  ease  lutd  tranquility 
wliich,  in  every  station  of  life,  man  is  so  eager  to 
obtain.  There  arc  some,  too,  wlio,  while  profes- 
sional pride  worked  upon  them  in  the  pursuit  of 
the  highest  grades  in  the  service,  steadily  employ- 
ed themselves  at  sea,  now  court  with  eagerness 
those  situations  onshore  where  they  may  enj.iv  com- 
fort  and  inactivity  during  tlie  remainder  of  their 
lives.  To  remedy  all  these  evils,  congress  liave 
only  to  create  tlie  grade  of  admiral.  A  fresh  inv- 
l^ulse  will  then  again  be  given,  not  alone  to  the 
professional  feelings  of  the  post  captain,  but  to  all 
other  officers  whose  ideas,  at  this  time,  have  not 
extended  beyond  the  neccssiuw  qualifications  for 
the  commander  of  a  single  ship.  They  Mould  then 
see  thenecessity  of  acquiring  more  extensive  infor- 
mation, in  order  to  fit  th;em  for  the  coinmand  of 
fleets  and  squadrons,  when  occasion  rcq„ii:cd. 

It  is  a  fact  wiiich  cannot  have  escaped  your  ob- 
servation, that  no  n:ivv  on  earth,  equal  in  size  to 
ours,  is  at  this  day  without  t!ie  g-.-ade  of  atliniral. 
Even  the  Algerines,  Tiini.-nan.^  and  'iViiiaiiiani  .a-e 
awai-e  of  the  respect;d)iii.-y  and  adv;;ntHges  dorived 
by  tiieir  respccdve  na\  ies,  from  the  i)os.sessi;j!i  of 
tliis  rank,  and  they  have  th.crefore  studiously  i!-;cor 
porateci  it  into  all  tiieir  maritime  establijlirnents.— • 
\o  navy  on  curtii  has,  iiuleed,  made  gre;,ter  eiibrts 
than  ours  to  rarn  a  title  to  the  rank  <>f  admiral,  and 
I  !im  clearl}'  of  opinion  that  it  cannot  be  jusUj'  with- 
held. The  Oilicers  have  seen  tjici'r  brethren  of- 
the  army  rising  g-radiial!y  above  tjiem  in  rank, 
wiiile  they  alone  remained  stationary.  There  are 
now  lieuienan'.s  in  the  navy  of  great  merit,  wjio, 
■iitlihi  tiitse  f  v/ years,  have  seen  lieutenarits  of  the. 
army  iise  fjom  -ihe  same  r..nk  -I'.-ith  themselves  to  a 
rank  far  superior  to  any  in  the  navy,  even  to  the 
r,iT!k  Off  general.     There-  i^  no  riink  m   the  Tiwy" 


628        NILES'  WEEKLY  REGk^TER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1816. 


above  that  of  colonel,  inrl,  tlicrefoi-e,  v.  (.-n  -■  ruv.'> 
officer  fiivls  himself  oblifred  to  co-operate  with  a 
general  ofiiccr  of  tlic  army,  whatever  may  he  his 
skill  and  expei'ience,  he  must,  of  necessity,  be 
throwTi  into  the  bark  grovmd,  and  considered  only 
in  the  liffht  of  a  subaltern.  For,  althoug-h  the  army 
can  exercise  no  authority  whatever  over  the  navy, 
nor  the  navy  any  aiitiiority  over  the  army,  yet  the 
coniJiauding  officer  of  eitlier,  beins^  senior,  csn 
cause  his  superiority  to  be  severely  felt  by  the 
othtr  in  cases  where  no  perfect  understand inpf  ex- 
ists between  them.  Thing-s  should  not  be  lefi  in 
this  state.  Tlie  public  weal  oug'ht  not  to  depend  tip- 
on  the  wliim  or  c.tp.ice  of  a  sing-le  individual;  nor  the 
xespective  g-rades  of  the  army  and  n:i\'y  be  so  reg'u- 
lated,  as  to  preclude  the  cordial  co-operation  of  the 
commanders  of  both  without  dispaj-ap^-ement.  Tlie 
creation  of  the  rank  of  admiral,  as  I  before  observ- 
ed, would  inevitably  silence  all  bickering-s  and  jea- 
lousies; and  in  cnterpiizes  where  nuvaland  military 
talents  were  required,  produce  an  emulation  highly 
advL^ntageous  to  the  public  soncerns. 

Ttiere  still   remains,  however,    another  point,  to 
wliicli  Ibeg  \-our  attention  for  a  few  moments.     In 
a  future  war,  perhaps,  it  may  be  necessary  for  our 
national  shipi;  to  co-operate  with  tliose  of  a  foreign 
power  in  alliance  v/iUi  us,  for  the  s;iTr'e  object:  now, 
let  me  ask,  wjiether  it  would  be  politic,  or  proper, 
to  compel  our  commanders  to  place  themselves  un- 
der   tlie  flag  of  a  foreign  admiral,  merely  because 
the  foreigner  held  that  post  in  tlie  service  of  liis 
country,  and,  perhaps,  bad  not  been  I'S  many  montlis 
ill  actual  service  as  our  coiTimandcrs  h:id  years? — 
Take  a  recent  event,  for  example.     What   Ameri- 
can would   have  cons;entcd  to  place  Piainbridge  or 
Decatur,  (commanding  a  fleet  of  some  tliousauds  of 
men,  and  s\ich  as   never  yet  put  to   sea  without  a: 
:tdmixal)  under  the  command  of  the  p,isIii.ir,imous 
Dutch  admiral,  who  went  against  Algiers  with  five 
frig-ales?     Then,  bow  could  the   two  forces  liave 
acted  conjointl)-  agdnst  the  common  enemy?     Oir 
fleet    wa.s   commundtd  only  bv  post  ciptains,  and 
the  wide  difference  between  that  and  the  rank  of 
admii'al, rendered  it  wholly  iiMpossible  for  the  respec- 
tive conimanders  to  have  any  intercourse  with  Cdch 
«tiier  on  terms  of  reciprocity.     Had  it  been  possi- 
ble for  them  to  have  co-operated  in  a  manner,  con- 
sistent with  the  dignity  and  honor  of  our  navy  and 
xiation,   Algiers  might  have  been   laid  in  ruins.     A 
Case  of  a  similar   nature    occurred   during  the  war 
with  Tripoli;  for,    as   our  naval  force  hi  that  quar- 
ter was   not  commanded  by  an  admiral,  no  co-ope^ 
ration  covdd  take  place  between  it  and  the  Swedi.-jh 
force,  which  at  that  time  was  engaged  in  hostilities 
vitii  tiie  same  power. 

To  conclude.  Tiie  rank  of  admiral  has  been  stea- 
dily and  strongly  called  for,  not  only  by  tliose  more 
immediately  interested  in  the  creation  of  it,  but, 
jtidgiag  from  the  tenor  of  the  public  prints,  the 
general  voice  of  the  nation.  The  latter  appears  to 
h.ive  had  its  due  weight  with  the  secietary  of  the 
navy  in  fiaiulng  his  report  relative  to  the  gradual 
increase  of  the  navy,  and  I  am  disposed  to  attach 
so  much  importance  to  it  in  the  present  instance, 
as  to  believe  that  congress  will  not  deem  it  an  in- 
sufficient reason,  in  couneciion  with  the  arguments 
above  stated,  to  create  at  once  the  grade  of  admi- 
ral ill  our  naval  corps.  It  is,  indeed,  right,  that  a 
proper  attention  siiould  be  paid  to  the  wishes  of 
the  peojjie,  as  expressed  in  the  public  prints;  and, 
i;i  recor.rniending-  a  gradual  increase  of  tlie  navy, 
iii  Oijediv'.'.ce  to  'the  voice  o^'tlie  nation,'  the  sccre- 
\-^iy  did  no  more  ihan  wiiat  every  wioc  and  ].f:.i;ic 
'^r.J-cr  V;  ouUi  conceive  himself  boiuid  lo  do  under 


similar  ci,c amstances.  M-iv  I  ^'Ol  venf.M-e  to  hope,' 
tlien,  tliat  an  equal  deference  will  be  paid  to  public 
opinion  on  the  subiect  of  admirals?  In  fine,  if  the 
'import.aice  of  a  pcrm.Mient  n.'V.d  establishmejit  ap, 
pears  to  be  sanctioned  bv  the  voice  of  the  nation,' 
tlie  creation  of  the  rank  of  admir;d  in  our  naval 
corps,  is  obviously  no  less  so — and  I  do  not  a  little 
regret  that  tlie  secretaiyhaa  not  noticed  in  hi.s  rer 
port  a  measure  so  vitally  important  to  the  country, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  so  peculiarly  interesting  to 
the  navy.     I  am,  your  obed't. 


In  Uaii  Treaties, 

JAMES  MADISON, 

PHKSIDEWT  or   TUE  UNITED   STATES   OF  AMKBICA, 

To  all  and  misnilar  to  nt^hom  these  prenentu  shall  comej 
crcetin^r  : 
AVhereas  a  treaty" o.'"  peace  and  friendship  be- 
tween  the  TJnited  States  of  America,  and  the  Fouta- 
watamie  tribe  or  nation  of  Indians,  residing  on  the 
river  Illinois,  was  concluded  and  signed  on  the 
eig-hteenth  day  of  Julv,  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  fifreen,  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  by  commissioners 
on  the  part  of  th.e  ITnited  States,  and  certain  chiefs 
and  warriors  of  the  said  tribe  or  nations  of  Indians, 
on  the  part  of  the  said  tribe  or  nation,  which  treaty 
is  in  the  words  following,  to  wil  : 

A  treaty  of  pei  ce  and  fiiendship  made  and  con- 
cluded betwcfii  William  Clark,  Niuian  Edwarfis, 
and  Atiguste  Chou'eau,  commissioners  plenipoten- 
liai-y  o?  the  United  States  of  America,  on  the  part 
and  behalf  of  t!ie  said  states,  of  the  one  ]>art;  and 
the  undei'signed  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  Pouta.- 
watamie  tribe  or  nation,  residing  on  the  river  lili- 
nois,  on  the  part  and  behalf  of  the  said  tribe  or  na- 
Ition,  of  Ihe  other  p.irt. 

!  nie  parties  being  desirous  of  re-est;:blishing 
jpeace  ruid  fiiendsldp  between  the  United  States  and 
the  said  tribe  or  nation,  and  of  being  placed  in  all 
tilings,  and  in  everv  respect,  on  the  same  footing 
upon  vliich  they  stood  before  the  war,  have  agreed 
to  the  following  articles  : 

Article  the  fiist.—'Evevy  injury  or  .ict  of  hostility 
by  one  or  either  of  the  c'onfiaciing  parties  against 
the  other,  sji.all  be  mutually  forgiven  and  forgot. 

Article  the  second.— There  shall  be  jjcrpetual 
peace  and  friendship  between  all  the  citizens  of  the 
United  States  of  .\inerica,  and  all  the  individuals 
composing  the  said  Poutawatamie  tribe  or  nation. 

Article)he  thh'd —The  contracting  parties  hereby 
agree,  promise  and  bind  tliemselves,  reciprocally, 
to  deliver  up  all  the  prisoners  now  in  their  Iiands 
(by  what  means  soever  the  same  may  liave  come 
into  tiieir  possession)  to  the  officer  commanding  at 
fort  Clarke,  on  tiie  Illinois  river,  as  soon  as  it  may 
be  pricticable. 

^  Jriicle  the  pmrth.— The  contracting  parties  m  the 
-sincerity  of  mutual  friendship,  recognise,  rc-estubt 
ilish,  and  confirm,  all  and  every  treaty,  contract  and 
agreement,  heretofore  concluded  be. ween  the  Uiu- 
|ted  States,  and  the  Poutawatamie  tribe  or  nation. 

In  witness  of  all  and  every  thing  herein  deter- 
mmed  between  the  United  States  of  America, 
and  the  said  Poutawatamie  tribe  or  nation,  re- 
siding on  the  river  Illinois:  we,  their  under, 
written  commissioners  and  chiefs  aforesaid,  by 
virtue  of  ovir  full  powers,  have  signed  this  de- 
hr.itive  treaty,  and  have  caused  our  seals  to  be 
hereunto  affixed. 

Done  ai  Portage  des  Sioux,  this  eiglUeenth  day 
pf  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  tliou&anO, 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHEMICAL  MANUFACTURES.      329 


eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  uie  inde^jc,  - 

dence  of  the  United  StAiies  the  fortieth. 

Vv^M.  CLARK, 

NINIAN  KDWARDS. 

AUG'TK  CHOUTEAU. 

Sunawchewone,  his  y\    mark. 

Muckketepoke,  (or  Black  Pitrtridge) 

his  ><    mark. 

Neg-geneshkek,  liis  ^    mark. 

Chawcawbeme,  his    X  nia.-k. 

Bendeg'akowa,  his    ><!  mark. 

W;,pewy,  (or  White  Hair)  his    ><i  mark. 

Ontawa,  his  ><    mark. 

In  presence  of 

H.  Wash,  secretary  to  the  commissioners. 

Thomas  Forsytli,  I.  agent. 

N.  Boilvin,  agent. 

U.  Paul,  C.  M. 

Maurice  Blondeaux. 

M.-iHuel  Lisii,  agent. 

Jo'.m  Mi'ler,  coh  3d  infantry. 

Richard  Cliitwood,  major  mt. 

Wrn.  Irvine  Ac!  ^ir,  capt.  3d  regt.  U.  S.  infantry. 

Catus  Edwards,  "^ 

Saml.  Soiomon,  in'ir.  I    „  ,„^  ;„t„„„'„o 
X  ^it  i.^  >  Sworn  mterp  rs. 

Jacques  Mett,  C  '^ 

Louis  Decouagne,       J 
John  A.  Camero. 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known,  that  I,  James  Ma- 
dison, president  of  the  United  Staves  of  America, 
having  seen  and  considered  the  said  treaty,  have, 
by  and  witli  tlie  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate, 
accepted,  ratified  and  confirmed  the  same,  and  every 
clause  and  article  thereof 

In  testimony  whereof,  1  have  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  and 
have  signed  tlie  same  with  my  hand.  Done  at 
the  city  of  Washington,  tliis  twenty-sixth  day 
of  December,  A.  D.  one  thousand  eighi  lum- 
dred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the  independence  of 
the  United  States  tlie  fortietli. 

JAMES  MADISON. 
By  the  president: 

JAS.  MONROE,   Secretary  of  state. 


JAMES  MADISON, 

nil;SIDl!!«T     OF      TUK      USITEU    STATES    OF    AXF.niC.\, 

To  all  -whom  these  presents  shall  come,  greeting  : 

Whkrras  a  treaty  of  peace  and  ftiendship  be- 
tween the  United  States  of  America,  and  the  Tee- 
ton  tribe  or  nation  of  indians,  was  concludeel  and 
signed  at  Poj  Uige  des  Sioux,  on  tlie  nineteenth  cky 
of  July,  one  thousand  eight  hvmdred  and  fifteen,  by 
commissioners  on  the  pai't  of  the  said  United  States, 
and  certain  cliiets  and  w;irriors  of  liiC  said  tribe  «r 
natioTi  of  indians,  on  the  part  of  the  said  tribe  or 
nation,  which  treaty  is  m  the  words  following, 
to  wit : 

A  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship  made  and  con- 
cluded between  William  Clark,  Niuian  Edwards, 
and  Augustc  Chouteau,  commissioners  plenipoten- 
tiary of  the  United  States  of  America,  on  ilie  part 
and  behalf  of  the  said  states,  of  the  one  part;  and 
the  m-.dersigned  chiefs  and  warriors  of  tlie  Tceton 
tribe  of  indians,  on  the  part  and  behalf  of  their  said 
tril)e,  of  tliw  oliier  part. 

The  p;irties  being  desirous  of  re-est;d)lisiilng 
peace  and  friendship  heiwecn  the  United  Su.  es  and 
the  said  triiie,  and  of  being  pLxed  in  all  diings,  ..nd 
in  every  respect,  on  the  same  foodng  upon  Wiiiclt 
they  stood  l>efore  the  late  war  beiv.een  tlie  Uni.cd 
Stales  and  Great  Britahi,  have  agreed  to  the  fol- 
lowing arlicies  : 

Articls  the  first. — Every  injiu7  or  act  of  hestility 


committed  by  one  or  eltlier  of  the  contracting  par- 
ties against  the  other,  shall  be  mutually  forgiven 
and  foigot. 

Article  the  secovd. — There  shall  be  perpetvial 
peace  and  friendship  between  all  the  citizens  of 
the  United  States  of  America,  and  all  the  indivi- 
duals composing  the  said  Teeton  tribe,  and  tlie 
f)  itndly  relations  that  existed  between  them  before 
the  war,  shall  be  and  the  same  are  hereby  renewed. 
Article  the  third. — The  undersigned  chiefs  and 
wan-iors,  for  themselves  and  their  said  tribe,  do 
hereby  ..cknowledge  themselves  and  their  aforesaid 
tribe  to  be  under  tiie  protection  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  and  of  no  other  nation,  power  or  sove- 
reign whatsoever. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  William  Clark, 
Ninian  Edwards,  and  Auguste  Chouteau,  com- 
missioners as  aforesaid,  and  the  chiefs  and  war- 
riors of  the  said  tribe,  have  hereunto  subscrib- 
ed their  names  and  affixed  their  seals  :'iiis 
nineteenth  day  of  July,  one  thousand  ei(,ht 
liundred  and  fifteen,  and  of  the  independence 
of  tiie  Unhed  Slates  tlie  fortieth. 
Done  at  Portage  des  Sioux. 

WM.  CLARK, 
NI\L\N  EDWARDS, 
AUG'TE  CHOUTEAU. 
Eskkatapai,  (tlie  Player,)  his  ^    maik. 
T  tauga,  (the  true  Buffaloe,  i  hh    ><  mark. 
'Tazamanie,  (the  walker  in  Iron,)  Ms    ^  mark. 
Waiiakagmamee,  (the  Stamper,)  his  X    mark. 
Weechachamanza,  (the  man  of  Iron,)  his    ^  mark, 
rnnouacotilai,  (the  Shooting  Tiger,)  his    ^  mark. 
Uakahincoukai,  (the  Wind  diat  Passes,)h!s  X  mark 
Washeejonjatga,    (the    left  handed    t'renchman;,) 

his    X  mark. 
MG.-.etowanari,  (the  Bear's  Soul,)  his   ^  mark. 
In  the  presence  of 
B.  ^^'ash,  sec'ry  lo  tlie  commission. 
John  Miller,  col.  3d  infantry. 
H.  Dodge,  brig.  gen.  Missouri  militiit. 
H.  Paul,  C.  T.'  of  the  C. 
Manuel  Lisa,  Agent. 
Tiiouias  Forsyth,  I.  Agent. 
M„urice  Bloiideaux. 
John  A.  Cameron. 
Louis  Decouagne. 
Louis  Dorion. 
Cyrus  Edwards. 
John  H;y. 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known,  that  I,  James  Mht 
dison,  presideiit  of  tlse  United  States  of  Americet, 
having  seen  and  considered  the  said  treaty,  have 
bv  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  tlie  senate-, 
accepted,  ratified  and  confirmed  the  same,  and 
every  clatise  and  article  thereof 

In  testimony  w'^ercof,  1  have  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  and 
have  signed  the  same  with  my  hand.  Done  at 
the  city  of  Washington,  this  twenty-sixth  day 
of  Decend^er,  .\.  I),  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  fifteen,  and  of  the  independence  of 
the  United  States  the  fortieth. 

JAMES  MADISON. 
By  the  president : 

JAS.  MONROE,  secretary  of  statg. 


Chemical  Manufactures. 

F!tO->l    A  CORHSSrONIIEXT. 

The  importance  of  encouragi"g  domestic  maniv 
f.icaircs  seems  at  b.st  to  be  admitted  oy  all  c  asse.s 

■  our  citizens.  Widle  we  are  dependent  upon  fo 
rciiTi   nations  f«r  our  supplies  of  articles  of  fh'9 


330        NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1816. 


iirst  neceijsity,  we  shall  not  only  be  subject  to  g'l-eu*. 
inc''>nveniences  fvom  the  politicai  a,nd  conimercia! 
clia:'s;-£s  in  Europe, but  shall  exclude  ourselves  from 
sonse  of  the  most  productive  sources  of  uationiil 
weal  til  rind  nriiional  independence.  Our  soil,  in  all 
its  varieiics,  ir^  no',  better  adapted  to  grow  on  its 
surface  the  via'ioii;  products  whicli  clothe  and  feed 
us,  than  in  its  hulden  recesses,  in  its  mines  and 
minerals,  to  afford  the  means  of  perfecting'  the  arts 
and  adrninistcrii'g-  relief  to  the  diseases  of  life. — 
What  c;.n,  indeed,  be  of  more  use,  or  of  more  lagt- 
inG"  importance,  liian  to  secure  M'itliin  our  own  coun- 
try the  TDauuCacturc  and  collection  of  all  those 
chemical  coiribii-.,itions  and  medicines,  which  arc 
indL-ipensable  to  the  physician  and  tiie  artizan — to 
t!e  merchant  and  to  t!ie  laborer  .'  While  so  much 
Etres.s  is  laid,  y,ud  prcperli/  laid  upon  the  encourag'e- 
ment  of  tlie  cotton  and  woolen  manufactures,  it  lias 
always  struck  us  as  a  strange  circumstance  that  so 
little  public  attention  has  been  devoted  totlie  manu- 
factiu-e  of  chemical  articles  of  tlie  first  necessity  in 
the  arts  and  in  medicine.  During"  tlie  late  war  ex- 
treme inconvenience  w.ts  felt  from  tlie  scarcity  and 
iiigii  pi  ice  of  many  of  those  articles  ;  and  the  return 
of  peace  iias  not  sufficiently  awakened  us  to  a  pro- 
per consideration  of  the  want  and  increasing'  im- 
portance of  a  domestic  suppl\'  from  domestic  estab- 
lishments. Congress  are  strongly  called  upon  by 
suitable  duties  and  encouragements  to  second  tlie 
iTieiitnrious  exertions  of  those  citizens  who  have  em- 
ployed their  capital  and  time  in  enterprises  of  this 
nature. 

With  these  cursory  remarks  we  beg  leave  to  in- 
troduce a  brief  history  of  an  establi.shment  in  Salem, 
(Massachusetts)  for  clieniical  preparations,  which, 
tliougTi  humble  in  ity  origin,  is,  in  its  present  in  -prov- 
ed state,  well  entitled  to  the  patronage  and  atten- 
tion of  tlie  government,  and  reflects  great  iionor  on 
the  intellig-ence,  industry  and  perseverance  of  tlie 
founders. 

In  the  year  1812  a  laboratory  was  erected  in  Sa- 
lem, upon  a  small  scale,  fur  the  pnr]30.5eof  manuf.c- 
turing  sulpiiuiic  acid,  under  the  direction  of  Mi-. Jolm 
Hunt,  an  entcrprizing  and  ingenious  young-  g-entle- 
iTian,  of  that  town,  who  had  devoted  mucli  of  his 
time  tocliemical  experinienis.  These  experimenis 
■were  first  made  for  his  amusement,  and  afterwards 
to  gratify  a  scientific  taste  gradually  acquired  and 
matured  in  the  midst  of  the  practical  business  of 
an  apothecary's  shop.  Having  ascertained  tiiat  iiis 
manufactures  could  be  made  equal,  and,  in  many- 
instances  superior  to  those  imported,  and  at  the 
same  price,  he  was  induced  to  turn  hus  attention  to 
more  extensive  ohjccts.  In  the  mean  time  .Messrs. 
Secomb  and  V»iliiams,  of  ihe  s;ime  town,  witii  a 
discernment  an;l  enterprise  whicii  er.titles  tliem  to 
great  credit,  secor.iled  his  views  and  entered  into 
a  joint  concern  witii  \Tr.  Hunt,  and  erected  (what 
was  uTuly  a  novelty  in  this  part  of  the  United  States) 
a  chemical  Li.'joratory  for  tlic  manufacture  of  medi- 
cinal and  otiicr  u.sern.l  prcparatious.  The  state  of 
(!ie  'ountiy  was  ;it  this  moment  r„vora!»lo  to  such 
an  establishment ;  all  or  nearly  all  foreign  supplies 
v,"Ci-e  cut  oJi'  by  the  war,  raid  tlic  high  pi-ice  of 
>nany  articles  andtlse  increasing- deman'l  ror  otiiers, 
g;ive  thcin  new  e;icouragenie;U  to  ]K';sever:..ici:  in 
their  plan.  In  the  years  lol3  and  1814  they  enlarged 
their  establishment  to  a  very  considerable  extent, 
and  tliey  now  manufict-are  in  large  quantities  tiic 
following  articles — b'ontau  Vitriol,  the  Sulpluiric, 
Nitrous,  Xitric,  Aiuriatic  and  l^russic  acids  ;  ball : 
Saturni,  \  ermiLlion,  Lunar  (jaustic.  Calomel,  Cor- 
rosive Sublimate,  Re<l  I'recipitate,  &.c.  &.:.  Of  tlic 
uvo  first  mentioned  .'^rf  jctos  tlitv  fiKauitaoturo  about 


400Jlbs.  per  week,  and  of  the  others  in  proportion. 
Tiie  quality  of  all  tjieir  manuf>ctures  is  excellent. 
They  have  been  repeatedly  examined  by  ovn-  most 
scientific  physicians  and  artizans  and  pronouncecj 
universally  to  be  equal,  and  in  many  instances  supe- 
rior, to  those  whicli  ai-e  imi)orted  from  foreign 
countries;  and  can  be  afforded  as  cheap,  if  a  rea- 
sonable protecting  duty  be  applied  in  their  f  vor. 
During  the  war,  tiie  profits  were  very  considerable  } 
but  as  maiui  of  the  articles  are  now  not  subject  to  any 
dutij,  there  is  a  gTcat  falling  off  in  the  prices.  Iti» 
also  a  very  important  consieleration  that  ail  the  ma- 
terials for  these  manufactu.res  exist  in  oiu-  own  coun- 
try  ; — there  is,  therefore,  not  only  a  great  benefit  in 
securing  to  ourselves,  imder  any  embarrassments  of 
our  foreign  commerce,  a  cfMuplete  supply  of  all 
tliese  articles;  but  an  additional  gain  of  the  con- 
sumption of  domestic  materials,  whicli  would  be 
otherwise  be  lost.  Tiiere  cannot  be  the  least  doubt 
that  tills  establishment,  and  others  of  a  like  nature, 
will  continue  to  flourish,  if  a  reasonable  duty  b^ 
laid  on  foreign  importations.  If  they  continue  to 
be  left  without  paying  any  duty,  or  a  very  small  du- 
ty, this  establishment  as  well  as  others,  must  proba- 
bly decline.  V/ithin  a  i'cw  weeks  t~MO  entire  carg'oes 
of  iiuljihuric  acid  have  amvcd  in  the  United  Statei,  a 
circumstance  that  never  occured  in  a  former  period 
of  our  history.  This  article  is  free  of  duty,  and  it 
will  almost  necessarily  follow  from  its  free  intnxluc- 
tion,  that  the  domestic  manufacture  must  cease ; 
but  with  a  f.ur  and  reasonsible  duty,  the  domestic 
manufacture  will  rapidly  advance  and  equal  owv 
whole  demand. 

In  fact  there  cannot  be  a  doubt,  that  with  .suitable 
encouragement,  th.e  chemical  laboratories  within  the 
UTiiied  Siales  would  very  soon  supply  us  with  near- 
ly all  ihe  most  important  a,nd useful prep-rations in  ' 
the  arts  and  in  medicine.  It  is  therefoi-e  earnestly 
to  lie  hoped  that  congress  and  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  will  give  every  patronage  to  establishments 
of  this  nature,  which,  while  they  reward  the  zeal 
and  enterprizc  of  our  ingenious  citizens,  are  so  im- 
portant to  the  real  prospei-ity  and  independence  oP 
the  nation. 


Congress. 

In  the  senate  up  to  Tuesday  last  tio  important 
business  has  been  done  except  of  tiiai  called  ex- 
ecutive. 

Fridci!/  Dec.  29.  The  Speaker  presented  tlie  me- 
morial of  the  legislature  of  tlie  Mississippi  Territo- 
ry, praying  that  the  fractional  sections  of  public 
land  in  that  territory  may  be  subdivided;  and  a 
petition  from  the  same  body  praying  that  the  territo  i 
ry  may  be  admitted  as  a  state  into  the  union;  and 
.mother  peiition  from  the  same  bod)-,  prayiug  that 
the  officers  and  men  who  served  under  lieut.  coi. 
Nelson  and  major  Hinds  may  receive  payment  for 
their  services;  and  another  petition  from  the  same 
body,  yiraying-  that  such  inhabitants  of  their  territo- 
ry .IS  .-may  have  sufiVred  losses  by  the  liosdle  In- 
dians, may  be  remunei-ated  by  g-ranis  of  land  out 
of  tiiat  lately  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  liie  said 
Indians. 

The  house,  in  committee  of  the  whole,  then  took 
up  the  bill  vor  establishing"  three  additional  niilit.iry 
ac-.ademie^ — .and  some  time  bciii^-  sptu'.  liHrein, 
rose,  leported  progres-j  and  had  leave  to  .vit  ag'aiii. 

Mr.  i'lmcrii  made  a  report  on  the  pttiiioii  of  VVm. 
Morrlset,  accompanied  by  a  bill  for  ids  reiiet;  vviiich 
v.'as  twice  read  a:ul  committed. 

Mi:  Liiiiimove,  frOm  the  committee  to  whom  was 
referred  the  ])?tition  of  be  legishtiirr  of  the  Mir- 


NJLE8'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE, 


331 


sisslppi  territory,  reported  a  bill  to  en:ible  the  peo- 
ple of  the  Mississippi  territory,  to  form  a.  constitvi- 
tion  and  state  g'overmnent,  imd  for  the  admission  of 
such  state  into  the  union  on  an  equal  footing  with 
the  orig-iiial  states;  which  was  twice  read  and  com- 
mitted. 

Mr.  Forsijth,  from  the  committee  of  foreign  rela- 
tiens,  reported  the  foUowing  bill. 
A  bill  to  reg-ulate  tlic  coinmerce  between  the  terri- 
tories'of  the   United  States  and  of  his  Britannic 

majesty,  according  to  the  convention  concluded 

the  third  day  ofJul_y,  1815. 

Be  it  enacted,  &c.  That  the  same  duties  be  and 
tlie  same  are  hereby  imposed  on  articles  of  the 
growth,  produce  or  manufacture  of  his  Britiuniic 
majcstv'.s  territories  in  Europe  imported  into  the 
United' States  in  British  vessls,  as  are  or  shall  be 
imposed  on  the  importation  of  the  like  articles  in 
American  vessels. 

Sec.  2.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  the  same 
tonnage  and  other  duties  and  chr.rg'es  are  hereby 
imposed  on  British  vessels  in  any  of  ihe  ports  of  the 
United  States,  as  ai-e  ormay  be  payable  in  liie  same 
ports  by  vessels  of  the  United  States,  except  sucli 
British  vessels  as  shall  come  from  tlie  East  or  West 
Indies  or  the  dominions  of  his  Britannic  majesty  in 
North  Amei'ica. 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  same  bounty 
shall  be  allowed  on  the  exportation  of  any  article, 
the  growth,  produce  or  manufacture  of  the  United 
States,  to  his  Britannic  mjjcsty's  territories  in  Eu- 
rope when  such  exportation  sliall  be  in  British  ves- 
sels, as  arc  or  may  be  allowed,  wJien  such  exporta- 
tion is  or  may  be  in  vessels  of  the  United  Scates. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  farther  enacted,  Tliat  in  ail  cases 
where  elrawbacks  are  or  may  be  allowed  on  the  re- 
exportation of  any  goods,  the  growth,  pi-oduce  or 
manufacture  of  the  territories  of  iiis  Britannic  ma- 
jesty, the  same  drawbacks  shall  be  allowed  on  such 
're-expOrtation  where  the  original  importation  of  the 
same  may  liave  been  in  British  vessels,  as  are  or  may 
be  allowed  on  sucli  re-exportation  where  the  original 
importation  may  have  been  in  vessels  of  tlie  United 
States. 

Sec.  5  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  so  mncli  of 
eacli  and  every  act  ofcoiigress  as  is  inconsistent  wlUi 
the  provisions  of  tliis  act,  be  and  tiiesameis  licreby 
repealed. 

Sec.  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  tliis  act 
sliali  continue  in  force  until  the  od  day  of  July  1819, 
aud  no  longer. 

'I'iie  bill  was  twice  read  and  referred  to  a  coifi- 
mittee  of  the  wiiole. 

Tlie  house  aclj;>unied  until  Tuesday. 

Tuendaij,  Jan.  2 — After  receiving  many  petiiion:5 — 
The  engrossed  bill  fur  enlarging  tlie  time  for  ascer- 
taining the  annual  transfers  ;uul  changes  of  property 
subject  to  the  direct  tax,  and  for  other  purposes,  was 
read  a  third  tituc  and  passed. 

The  house  then  resolved  Itself  into  a  committee  of 
the  whole,  on  the  bill  for  estabiishijig  three  adtli- 
tional  military  academies.  Afier  some  remarks 
thereon,  it  was  agreed  (91  voting  in  <he  atHrmaiivf) 
to  strike  out  tiiree  and  insert  one.  Tiie  location  of  it 
was  not  a|>,-reed  upon — WashingHon  city,  H.a-per's 
Ferry  antl  \'i\  isburg  were  nicr.tioned.  The  commit- 
tee rose,  reported  progres.i  and  had  le^vc  to  sit 
agvin. 

Ji'ediiefidai/,  Jan.  o — Mr.  Sargeant  presented  the 
petition  of  (JliHiles  Stewart,  late  coinmaniler  of  the 
fri''-ate  Constitution,  on  behalf  of  liimseU' and  the 
oflicers  and  crew  of  srud  trigate,  seiting  lortii,  u(;it 
during  ilio  late  war  vv'uii  Creat  Britain,  Jie  c;j)turi.\l 
the  British  ship  Lev.tnt,  and  sent  her  iiit(j  a  ni-rt  Wil- 


der the  jurisdiction  of  the  government  of  PortugaJ,, 
from  whence  she  was  forcibly  retaken  by  BriHsh 
forces,  and  j^raj  ing  that  the  value  of  said'siiip  may 
be  p;ud  to  himself,  his  officers  and  men,  as  prize  mo- 
ney. 

Many  other  petitions  were  presented  and  dispos- 
ed of 

The  bouse  then,  in  committee  of  the  whole,  took 
up  the  bill  for  the  establishn>ent  of  additional  mi- 
litary academies.  As  tlie  scite  for  the  owe  agreed 
to  be  established  yesterday,  a  point  on  the  "o!;io, 
near  the  m.outh  of  Licking  Creek,  N.ishville,  H.ir- 
pcr's  Ferry,  Carlisle,  Pa.  Abbington,  Va.  and  Knox- 
vllle.  Ten.  were  proposed.  AH  negatived,  except 
the  latter,  wiiich  was  agreed  to,  SI  to  6o.  The 
house  took  up  the  bill,  and  ratified  the  proceerlings 
of  the  committee.  It  was  recommitted,  with  a 
view  to  an  arrangement  of  the  details,  but  is  ex- 
pected to  pass  nearly  in  its  present  shape.  The 
number  of  cadets,  it  is  supposed,  will  be  increased 
from  2  to  6iX). 

Thursdaif,  Jan.  4.  Many  petitions  Avere  present- 
ed, and  disposed  of  On  motion  of  Mr.  Pleasant.';, 
the  president  was  requested  to  lay  before  the  house 
;.nv  documents  or  papers  which,  in  his  opinion,  were 
proper  to  be  comxiunicated  relative  to  the  transac- 
tions at  Dartmoor. 

After  some  pointed  observations  from  Mr.  Jen- 
nings, he  introduce  1  the  following  resolution— 
which  was  passed  by  a  considerable  maioritv, 

7?eso.''rer/,  I'hat  the  committee  on  the  public  lands 
be  instructed  to  enquire  into  the  expediency  of  ex- 
tending bylaw,  to  all  settlers  on  the  pjiblic  lands 
of  the  United  States  who  Iiave  settled  thereon  since 
the  first  day  of  January,  1808,  tlie  same  privilege 
extended  to  such  settlers  prior  to  that  day  bv  the 
second  section  of  the  act  of  congTess,  passed 
March  3d,  1807. 

Mr.  King,  of  Mass.  submitted  the  followinjr  reso- 
lution, wliicli  was  ag-reed  to — 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  on  the  jtidiciary  be 
instructed  to  enquire  into  tlie  expediency  of  estab- 
lishing an  uniform  system  of  bankruptcj  througii- 
out  the  United  States. 

The  house  then,  in  committee  of  the  whole,  spent 
some  lime  on  tlie  bill  to  carry  into  effect  the  stipu- 
lations of  the  treaty  of  commerce  with  Great  Bri- 
tain— ^some  amendments  being  made,  the  conimV- 
tee  rose,  and  reported  it  to  the  house,  which  ad- 
joiu'ned  without  deciding  upon  it. 


Chronicle. 

SOUTH  AMEUICA. 

We  have  been  favoretl  with  intoiiigcnce  f^-om 
J\'trw  (rranuda,  interesting  and  important.  This 
UNiTiiu  i(Ki'>'Hr.rc  seems  about  to  triumpli  complete- 
ly over  superstition  as  well  v.s  civil  tyranny.  The 
foUov.ing  extractftoni  the  '-rirst  bulletin  nf  the  ar- 
my of  CarthageiK'."  aft'ords  us  ft  pirasiing  evidence 
of  tlic  progress  of  libend  principle  .s  in  that  quarter. 

"Wstevday  night  at  11  o'clock,  the  laboratory  of 
this  city  was  struck  by  the  most  terrible  lightning — 
it  pas.ied  over  several  boxes  of  the  most  combusii- 
!)le  materials,  harmless,  and  only  set  fire  to  some 
quick  nifltcius.  If  .sticJi  an  event  had  taken  pluce 
in  one  of  the  king's  niagazii^.e-i,  it  would  have  l)een 
told  to  the  pulillc  as  a  nurac'e.  But  our  govcrn- 
ir.cut,  v.iiose  f^est  support  is  the  int'  Hlgcnt  and  en- 
lightened iTiind  of  it;>  citizens,  nill  absiain  from 
employing  hvpociicy  i-.iul  iui-.u\\c'v:,iO,  wiiich  fov;n 
the  peculiar  character  of  our  enc ii',i!.-:j." 

TJiei"Mliov.  i'lg  i-i  an  extract  fVnni  tl;.?  ofilciLil   ae- 


332 


JsILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1816, 


■count  of  a  victory  obtained  over  the  royalists  and 
tOries  near  Popai/an. 

"I  have  the  pleasure  to  communicate  to  yon,  for 
the  information  of  lii:>  excellency  the  president,  the 
glorious  triumph  obtained  by  onr  arms  on  the  banks 
ofthei'iver  F.Jo,  over  tlie  Spaniards;  who,  wltli  a 
com])!ete  train  of  artillery,  attacked  ourrepnblicim 
camp  on  the  5ih  of  tills  month  (July.)  After  two 
hours  of  the  most  active  fire,  they  were  totally  de- 
feated ;  leaving'  300  killed  and  500  prisoners.  The 
commander,  Vidarruvxaga^  with  a  few  attendants, 
escaped  by  a  precipitate  Hight.  If  our  cavalry  had 
been  in  better  condition  every  one  of  the  enemy  must 
have  fallen  into  our  hands  ;  but  600  musket.'?,  4  field 
pieces,  100  tents,  an  immense  number  of  cartridges, 
ho:-ses,  bag-gage  waggon.s,  &c.  are  in  our  power.  The 
chief  of  the  steiff,  with  600  men,  marched  for  Popa- 
yan  on  the  6th.  We  believe  that  this  glorious  cam- 
jiaign  has  CDnijjletely  destroyed  the  resources  of  the 
enemy,  and  ruined  his  hope  of  resisting  tlie  arms  of 
liberty.  Our  loss  was  2  officers  and  30  soldiers  killed, 
and  9  officers  and  100  soldiers  woimded.  Cod  pre- 
serveyou  many  years."  Signed  at  Caly,  July  13,  lt51 5, 
by  Francisco  Cabal,  and  addressed  to  "the  secretary 
ef  the  war  department  of  tlie  United  Provincfs." 

"Thus  (observes  ovir  correspondent)  :he  govern- 
ment of  ^Ye-.v  Grenada  has  received,  in  the  space  of 
40  days,  the  most  pleasant  intelligence  from  the  re- 
publican army  of  the  .south,  under  the  brave  Cabal,- 
from  that  of  the  north,  commanded  by  the  worthy 
general  IScrmvd-'z,  who  has  alreatly  nearly  annihila- 
ted Don  (Quixote)  Mmllo^s  forces;  and  from  that 
on  the  frontiers  of  Veneriiela,  imder  the  intre])id 
general  Urdaiiela,  who,  lately,  in  Las  Piedras,  to- 
tally defeated  Ir.e  Spaniards  under  the  bloody  Cal- 
:adn,  who  was  killed,  with  the  m.ostof  his  compan- 
ions. The  freedom  of  the  p:ovinces  of  Marinas, 
Jllerida,  Truxillo,  and  of  a  great  part  of  that  of  Ca- 
racas, is  the  glorious  result  of  that  victory, —  Vene- 
zuela, of  course,  being  on  the  point  of  regaining  lier 
independence.  The  rep'ublicans  are  also  making 
great  progress  in  Citmcna  and  Barcelona.  JMavcfa- 
ritta  has  gained  her  independence,  and  the  Hag  of 
liberty  again  appears  on  the  forts  of  that  island." 


ty,  is  chosen  senator  in  the  congress  of  the  United^ 
States  from  Virginia,  vice  William  B.  Giles,  resign- 
ed, for  the  remainder  of  tlie  senatorial  term  of  Mr 
Giles. 

Jimerican  canvas. — Tlie  commissioners  of  the  na- 
vy  have  issued  proposals  for  a  supply  of  canvas, 
"f'.bricated  of  hemp   grown  in  tlie  United  SUiics." 

Tobacco. — Ten  lihds.  (new  crop)  Tobacco  have 
been  sold  at  L}iichburg  for  ^35  per  hundred. 

Sliip-limber. — The  commissioners  of  the  navy  have 
issued  a  notice  that  they  will  make  contracts  for  a 
supply  of  live  oak  timber  suitable  for  line-of-battle- 
ships,  frigates  and  sloops  of  war. 


Drjn  0;j/s  being  received  as  minister  from  Sp;,in, 
Mr.  Ervi.ig  ha.s  the  orders  of  government  to  pro- 
ceed on  his  mission  to  the  court  of  Ferdinand,  and 
is  now  on  his  way  for  Boston  to  embark. 

Among  the  distinguished  cliaracters  now  at  Wash- 
ington city  are  l^fcatar  and  Stewart  of  tlie  navy  and 
Ilipicy  of  the  army. 

Tlie  Americans  as  w  c'l  as  tlie  British  on  the  Ca- 
nada lines,  having  laid  down  their  arms  ag-ainst 
each  otiicr  hat  e  formed  a  very  extensive  alliance  to 
defraud  their  respective  govc-rnments  by  smuggling- 
1o  a  great  amount,  b.^ck  and  fortli. 

IWi'ecitiniate."  The  legislature  of  Connecticut 
have  rejeced,  131  to  3'-?,  a  very  modest  proposition, 
that  §15,000,  paid  into  the  treasnrij  of  that  state  by 
tlie  st.ckholders  of  the  Phuenix  Ba-ik,  should  be 
appropriated  as  a  fund  for  the  stipport  of  the  bisiiop! 

Fire.  A  boat,  lying  at  .\ugusta,  Geo.  wiLli  500 
hales  of  cotton  on  board,  w.is  lately  consumed  to 
the  Water's  edge.     \jyi'i  ,§50,000. 

Einigrulioji.     Among  those  wl\o  have  latel)'  arriv- 
ed in  the  United  States,  as  their  ftiture  home,  are  I 
several  late  British  officers,  who  had  an  opportuni- 
ty of  knowing  sometning  of  our  country  and  people  j 
during  the  war 

It  is  said  that  the  United  States'  frigate  iViacedo- 
nian  i.s  aboii't  to  saW  for  France  and  Spain,  and  then 
proceed  to  join  ilie  .VIedlterranean  squadron. 

General  .'h-mistcail  T.  j\XasoTi,  of  Loudon  coun-' 


Finances  of"  PenHsylvania, 

Statement  of  the  receipts  and  e.rpmditnres  of  tlie  state 
treasury  fof  PennsylvaniaJ  for  eleven    months  of 
tlie  year  1815,  commencing  the  1st  December,  1814,- 
and  ending  the  31st  October,  1814. 
heceipts. 
Amotmt  of  monies  borrowed  in  pursu- 
ance of  the  provisions   of  the  act  of 
Febrtiary,  1814,  ^100,000 

Lands — Fees  on  lands  and  monies  aris- 
ing from  sale  of  lots,  in  the  town  of 
Erie,  &c.  100,531  64' 

Tavern  licences  22,432  32 

Militia  exempt  fines  (on  account  of  the 

arreai-s)  1,712  67 

Dividends  on  bank  stock  309.433  50 

Auction  duties  123,232  20 

Monies — Retumed  of  advances  to   bri- 
gade inspectors  and  other.'j,  for  sup- 
plies during  tlic  late  war  2,242  49 
Tax — on  cerlam  offices  6,644  45 
Coin-t  fines  i^LJa  79 
Fees  of  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the 

commonwealth  759  82 

Tax  on  banks  established  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  of  March  1814,  re- 
gulating  banks  3432  32 

Miscellaneous  receipts  6,232  19 


687,492  21 
To  wjiich  add  the  balance  in  the  treasu- 
ry 1st  December,  1814,  36,167  05 


EXPUXDITUHES. 

F.xpences  of  government 
Legislative  department 
Judiciary  department 
Treasury  department 
Land  department 
Conungent  expences 


70,S7ry  32 
12;"24  41 
46,676  05 

8,781  99' 
12,647  66 

5,350  40 


157,051  77 
Improvements  99,903  50 

Militia  29,9u2  74, 

Pensions  14,941  48 

Expenditures  consequent  to  the  late  war    71  i40  U3      ^ 
Amount  repaid  of  tlie  monies  borrowed 
under  the  act  of  P'ebruary  1814,   in- 
cluding interest  diereon  262,5" j  33 
^liscelliuieous  payments  9,1,^6  74 

64'i,61  -,  60 
To  which  add  the  balance  in  the  trea- 
sury, on  the  31st  October,  18Li,  72,045  66 


g723.659  25^, 
GEORGE  BRYAN,  Auditor  Gen. 
Auditor  General's   OJicc,  JS'ov.  21,  1815. 


N 1 1. 1^:  S'   W  E  K  K  L Y   REGISTER. 


No.  20  oj  Vol.  IX.]  BAI.l  LAjOKE,  SATURDAY,  JAXUA]{Y,  13,  1816.  [wHotE  xo.  223 

ffac  oliin  meminisse  JKvabit. — Virgil. 


phtxteti  a^v  prnLisiiEi)  ur  h.  mlks,  xo.  29,  sptrni  c\i,vi?iiT-STnEr.T,  at  %5  per  anxum. 


Tlie 


Alnrerine  Treaty. 

Documents  accompaiuiiiig  the  mesmigf  nftlie  Prefitleiif, 
IriDifinitlinif  to  the  Senate  t/ie  Treaty  nf  Peace  tvith 


Al^-iei-s. 

UiiitcH  Staie<'  ship  Giieniere, 

liriy  of  Algieri,  July  4tlij  1815. 

Sin — AVe  liave  the  honor  to  refer  you  to  tlie 
official  reports  of  commodore  Deciitiir  to  tlie  nuw 
<<3ep.arinK"nt,  for  an  account  of  tlie  oper'tions  of 
this  sqiu(h-oii  previous  to  our  arrivsl  off  Algiers  on 
the  28th  ultimo. 

Having'  received  information  that  the  Alj^'erine 
squadron  had  been  at  sea  for  a  considerable  time 
long^er  than  that  to  which  their  cruisers  usually 
extend,  -.lud  that  adespatcli  Iioathad  been  sent  from 
Gibraltar  to  Algiers  to  inform  them  of  our  arrival 
in  the  Mediterranean,  we  thong'ht  tliat  they  might 
h;.ve  made  u  harbor,  where  tliey  would  be  in  safetv. 
We,  therefore,  whilst  they  were  in  this  state  of 
■uncertainty,  believed  it  a  proper  moment  to  deliver 
the  President's  letter,  ag-reeably  to  oru-  instructions, 
According-|y,  on  the  29t)i  tiitinio,  a  fl.ig- of  truce  was 
hoisted  on  board  tlie  Guerritre,  with  the  Swedish 
flag-  at  the  main.  A  boat  came  off  about  noon,  witli 
^ir.  Xorderlinp,  consul  of  Sweden,  and  the  captain 
of  the  portj  who  confirmed  the  intelligence  we  had 
hefore  received,  and  to  wliom  wc  comnmnicated 
Infjrmalion  of  die  capture  of  their  frigate  and  brig. 
The  impression  m  .'le  by  these  events  was  visible 
and  deep.  We  were  requested  by  the  captain  of 
the  port,  Mr.  Xorderling  declaring  he  was  not 
authorized  to  act,  to  state  the  conditions  on  whicli 
we  wcv-ld  make  peace;  to  whiciv  we  replied,  b_\ 
giving  the  letter  of  the  president  to  the  dev,  and 
hy  a  iioie  from  us  to  him,  a  copy  of  which  (\o.  1.) 
we  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith.  The  cap- 
tain of  the  port  tlien  requested  tliat  hostilities 
should  cease  pending  the  negociation,  and  that 
persons  authorized  to  treat  should  go  on  shore,  lie 
uml  Mr.  Nordcrling  botii  affirming  that  the  minis- 
ter of  marine  liad  pledged  himself  for  our  security 
and  return  to  oiu-  ships  when  we  pleased.  J3oth 
these  propositions  were- rejected,  and  they  were 
explicitly  informed  tliat  the  negociation  must -be 
carried  on  on  bo;\rd  the  fleet,  and  that  liostilities,  as 
far  as  they  respected  vessels,  could  uot  cease.  They 
returned  on  shore.  On  the  following  day  the  same 
persons  retiu-ned,  and  informed  us  tliat  they  were 
comniissioned  by  the  de}'  to  treat  with  us  on  the 
propose:!  basis,  and  tltcir  anxiety  appeared  extreme 
to  conci'ide  the  peace  immedi.itely.  We  then 
hvought  fornard  tiie  model  of  a  treaty,  which  we 
declared  would  not  be  departed  from  in  substance, 
at  tiie  same  time  declaring  that  altliough  the  United 
States  would  never  stipulate  for  paying  trilrute 
under  any  form  whatever,  yet  tliat  they  were  a 
magnainmous  and  generous  nation,  who  would,  upon 
the  presentation  of  consuls,  do  what  w.is  customary 
Avith  other  great  nations,  in  their  fi'iendly  intercourse 
witii  Algiers.  Tlie  treaty  was  then  examined,  and 
they  were  of  opinion  that  it  would  not  be  agreed 
to  in  its  present  form,  and  pai'ticularly  requested 
that  the  article  requiring  the  restitution  of  the  pro- 
perty they  had  captured,  and  wjiicli  had  been  dis- 
tributed, might  be  expunged,  alleging  that  such  a 
demand  had  nevCr  before  been  made  up«n  Algiers. 
VOL.  TX.-^ 


To  this  it  was  answered  tliat  the  claim  was  just  ami 
'vouid  be  adhered  to.  They  then  asked,  wiiether, 
i^'tiie  treaty  should  be  signed  by  the  dey,  we  would 
engage  to  -estore  tlie  captured  vessels;  wliich  we 
refused.  They  then  represented  tliat  it  was  not 
the  present  dey  who  had  declared  the  war,  which 
they  acknowledged  to  be  imjust,  concedhig  that; 
they  were  w!io!ly  in  the  wrong,  and  liad  no  excuse, 
wliatever,  requesting,  however,  that  we  would  t.ike 
tl'ie  case  of  t!ie  dey  into  consideration,  and  upon 
Ills  agreeing-  to  terms  witii  us  more  fivorable  than 
had  ever  been  made  with  any  otiier  n;ition,  to  restore 
the  sViips,  which  they  stated  would  be  of  little  or 
no  value  to  us,  but  would  be  of  gre.at  importance 
'o  him,  as  they  would  satisfy  the  people  witJi  tht; 
condi'ions  of  the  pe^ce  we  were  going  to  concUult; 
with  him. 

We  consulted  upon  this  question,  and  determined 
that,  considering  the  state  of  tliose  vessels,  the 
sums  that  would  be  reqtiired  to  fit  them  for  a  pas- 
sage to  the  United  States,  and  tlie  little  probability 
of  selling  them  in  this  part  of  the  world,  we  woiUd, 
make  a  compliment  of  them  to  his  highness  in  the 
state  tliey  then  were,  the  commodore  engicging  to 
furnish  them  with  an  escort  to  tliis  port.  Thi^, 
liowever,  would  depend  upon  their  signing  t!ic 
reaty  as  presented  to  them,  and  eoukl  not  appear 
as  an  article  of  it,  but  must  be  considered  as  a  fa  voir 
conferred  on  the  dey  by  tlie  United  States. 

'I'liey  then  requested  a  ti-uce,  to  deliberate  upon 
the  terms  of  the  proposed  treaty,  which  was  refused : 
they  even- pleaded  for  three  hours.  The  reply  wa«, 
"  not  a  minute;  if  your  squadron  appears  in  sig-ji^ 
before  the  treaty  is  actually  signed  by  the  dey,  aud 
tlie  prisoners  sent  off,  ours  would  capture  them." 
It  was  finally  agreed  that  hostilities  should  ceas^a 
when  we  perceived  their  boat  coming  off  with  a, 
white  Hag  hoisted,  the  Swedish  consul  pled_ring  his 
word  of  honor  not  to  hoist  it  unless  the  treaty  was 
signed,  and  tlie  prisoners  in  the  boat.  They  returned 
on,  shore,  *id  although  the  distance  was  full  fire 
miles  they  came  back  vvitliin  three  bo-ars,  with  the 
treaty  signed,  as  we  had  concluded  it,  and  the  pri- 
soners. • 

During  the  interval  of  tlieir  absence  a  corvette 
appeared  in  sijfht,  which  would  have  been  captured 
if  they  had  been  detained  one  hour  longer.  Thcs 
treaty  has  since  been  drawn  out  anew,  translated 
by  them,  and  dr.ly  executed  by  the  dey,  Vv'hich  we 
have  tlie  honor  to  transmit  herewith. 

Mr.  Sh.aler  lias  since  been  on  shore,  and  the  cottor* 
and  money  mentioned  in  the  4th  article,  have  beea 
given  \ip  to  him.  They  now  show  every  disposition 
to  maintain  a  sincere  peace  with  us,  which  '*!, 
doubtless,  owing  to  the  dread  of  our  arovs  ;  And 
we  take  this  occasion  to  remark,  that,  in  our  opinbrt, 
the  only  secure  guarantee  we  caji  have  for  l.i* 
maintenanceof  the  peace  just  concluded  with  th«--e 
people,  is  the  presence,  in  the  Mediterranean,-  s" it. 
respectable  naval  f  irce. 

As  this  treaty  appears  to  us  to  secure  evcvy 
interest  within  the  contemplation  of  the  g-  vei  ii- 
ment,  and  as  it  really  pl»ces  the  United  St;.tesi  /•■» 
•  igher  groiuid  than  any  other  nation,  we  have  no  In  ,i 
tation,  on  our  part,  in  fulfilling  such  of  its  pro  vis)  !i 
as  are  wjtliin  our  power,  in  th-j.  firm  belief  thatit  '^.TIjl 


33  i        NiLES' WEEItLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  13,  1816. 


rective  tlie  ratlfioalicn  of  the  prer-.idcr.t  and  senate. 

A'v'e  have  llie  honor  to  be,  with  respect. 
Sir,  voui'  obedient  servants, 

STKPiIET-7  DECATLH, 
AVILLIAM  SfiALER. 
The  lion.  James  Monroe,  secietarv  of  state. 
(No.  1) 

'I  h.i  Jlmfiican  cnmviis-ioneisto  the  dci^  of  Algiers . 

'l'l}e  uiidcrsig-ned  have  the  honor  to  ir.fonn  his 
Ijig-hnesa  the  dcy  of  Alifiers,  that  they  have  been 
uppoiiitcd  by  the  president  of  the  United  States  of 
Auierica,  coniinissioiicrs  plenipotentiary  to  treat  of 
peri.ce  'vi'.h  hi»  bigljnfSM,  arid  that  pursuant  to  iheir 
instri;clior,s,  they  are  ready  to  open  a  net;ociation 
for  tlxe  restoration  of  peace  and  hannony  between 
the  two  countries,  on  terms  just  luid  honorable  to 
hotii  partieji;  and  they  feel  it  incumbent  on  them  to 
state  esT>l)ci;ly  to  iiis  highness,  th.al  tiiey  are  in-| 
»tructed  to  treat  "poa  no  odier  prlr.ciple,  thap.  that 
of  ])erfccl  equality,  and  on  the  terms  of  tlie  iROst 
favoi.ed  naiiwns  :  no  stipulation  for  payinsj  any  tri- 
Tj lite  to  Algiers,  under  any  from  whatever,  will  be 


aproed  toi 


'i'i.e  lindersicrned  have  the  lienor  to  transmit 
herewith,  a  letier  from  tlie  president  r,f  ti)e  United 
Stater,  and  they  avail  themselves  of  tl.is  occasion 
to  assure  his  liighness,  of  their  hi;^h  con.3id£raUon 
and  profound  respect. 


TliC  British  Treaty. 

l3ocumcnts  tx-ansmitted  by  the  President  to  the  se- 
•     nale,  wirhtiic  convrntion  of  commerce  betv.-ecn 

Great  Hritain  and  the  United  States. 
^■.r tract  fif  u  k-itjr  from  the  ^'Im-n-Lcun  coviiirissin7iers. 
J    Jtfi-ii'iri:.  Chi'j  and  GaUulin,  to  the  secretnri/  rf  slate, 
;     ilati'd  L.)n:>on-,  May  18th,  1815. 

"Having- had  reason  to  believe,  that  tlie  Iiri;ish 
■governmetit  had  abstained  from  answerinr^-  the  com- 
jinuiucalion  of  the  j(;ir.t  com!Tii':sion  from  Chent,  of 
'tlie  — day  of  December,  13 14-,   until  they  received 
tjoiiicial  hiformation  of  the  American  ratification   of 
j;the  treaty  of  peace,  we  thought,  it  advisable,  soon 
,:Oftc>r  ^h.at  event  was  known  to  us,  to  re]3alr  to  this 
i^cit^,  in  order  that  we  mig-lit  ascertain    tlie  di.spo.'d- 
l/iioa  of  this  govcrnnitnt  as  to  the  coramcrciaiiiuer- 
oCOiu-se  betvi^een  the  two  couiiti'ics. 
i^u  Shortly  afierour  arrival  here  v/e  were  invited  by 
-;l«iu  Casllereas^h  to  an  interview  with  hins.     A  mi- 
nute of  the  su!xst:uiceofthe  coriveraation  Vv-hicli  tooii 
fiphxe  on  that   occasicn,   as  drawn  up  ami  agreed  to 
J.  by  the  p':vvties,  is  enclosed.     We  communicated  to 
:>'Mr.  Qonlburn,  tiie  next  day,  cr.r  nrisv;er  upon  the 
i.lJxree  subjects  to  which  the  conversation  related. 
iiw:  In  .he   ictei'view  with  lord   Csj.t!creagh,  he  Ivad 
stated,  that  four  or  five  days  niig-ht  be  r.eccssary  on 
/I  thi  ir  pert,  to  prepare  for  the  ])L'opo:;ed  conversation. 
,  'Xtariy  three    weeics  liaving-  elapsed  without  l:ear- 
i  ing  any  thing- fiutiicr  on  tiie  subject,  we  took  what 
,■  appeared  to  us  a  fit  occasion  to  intimate  cur  inten- 
.   tiun  of  leavivig-  London.     A  few  days  after,  we  re- 
^    dfcved  an  invit.ttion   from  the  vice-president  of  the 
■'  fcoci'd  of  trrde,  ^Ir.  Robinson,  to  call  at  his  office, 
0    ail*  the    llth  inst.;  we    accordingly   attended,    and 
ji   wqre  received    by  him    and   Messrs.  Gouiburn  and 
Adams,  two  of  the  British  commissioners,  who  had 
, .  itCjrociated  the  treaty  of  Ghent. 

'i'iiey  oijcniu  the    conversation  by  adverting-  to 

/  ■  what  !>.ul  ledtotids  interview,  and  professed  tliem- 

J    seives  to  be   ready  to  receive  ;my  propositions  we 

*    mig-ht  choose  to  make.     We  observed,  that,  in  the 

J^:  tieaiies  wliicu  America  had  heretofore  made,  "parti- 

xx.'.ail}  \vi:h.    tliis  counti-y,    rcguiatiog  commciciai 

.*"     &jtet^.otir^c,  tl'.eic   vvei-e  g-euci-uiiy  comprised  two 


subjects,  o,'e,  wjiich  respected  commercial  rcge. 
iations,  applicable  to  a  state  of  peace  as  well  ns  of 
war;  the  other,  which  respected  the  rights  and  du- 
ties of  the  par  ties;. one  being  at  war,  and  the  other 
remainini^  at  peace.  Accordingly,  om-  government 
liad  instructed  us  to  bring  forwai-d  both  those  sub-- 
jecis. 

As  to  the  commercial  intercourse,  without  at 
this  time  going  into  details,  or  m.inorpomts,  which 
it  might  be  necessary  in  the  progress  of  the  negocia- 
tion  to  adjust,  we  would  content  ourselves,  in  this 
unofiicial  c;>arersation,  with  touching  on  the  most 
impoi-tant  topics,  which  it  seemed  to  us  desirable 
to  discuss  andarran[;e.  These  were,  tliat  the  ^wo 
countries  sl.oidd  respectively  be  placed  on  tliC  foot- 
ing of  the  nation  the  most  favored;  that  in  the  tr.ule 
between  Amerir.a  and  the  British  European  dominr 
ions,  all  di,^c:iminating  duties,  on  tonn.'igc  and  on 
merchfudize,  either  imported,  or  exported,  should 
be  al;olis:.ed.  Tiiat  tJie  trade  betu'een  America 
and  tiie  West  Indies  should  be  regulated,  and  plac- 
ed on  some  more  perm-ancnt  b-jsis,  than  the  occa- 
.sional  acts  of  the  colonial  autlioritics:  That  the  na- 
ture .md  kind  of  ir.1crc»i;rse  beiween  America  and 
the  H'ljoining  F.rilish  provinces  should  he  defined, 
and  piovitled  foi;  And  that  tl;e  trade  with  the  L'rl- 
tish  [ndia  possessions  should  be  opened  lo  Americci 
on  liberal  principle.'^. 

Li  regard  to  the  discriminating  duties,  we  remark- 
ed, tliat  a  proposi'  ion  to  aboiish  them,  first  came 
from  Great  Brit.dn,  and  a  provision  to  liiat  eiTect, 
was  in.serted  in  the  unratified  treaty  of  1866.  Con- 
gress had  taken  up  the  matter  at  their  la.st.se.';sion, 
and  passed  an.act,  which  we  explained.  We  thought 
it  desirable  tliat  they  should  be  abolislied,  in  order 
to  prevent  those  collisions,  anc;  that  system  of  coir.- 
mcrcial  warfare,  in  which  the  tVio  countries  would 
prol)abl)  be  involved  by  an  adherence  to  them. — 
As  an  example,  we  mentioned  the  great  extra  duly 
to  wldch,  as  we  understood,  tl:e  ai  tide  of  ccttcn 
was  liable,  l&y  tlie  Bi;itis!i  lav.'s,  when  imported  ire 
foT'eigm  vessels,  and  which,  ii'  persisted  m,  wo-.dd 
certainly  be  m.ct  by  some  countervailing  regula- 
tions. 

With  respect  to  the  trade  to  British  India,  we  ob- 
served, that  we  had  no  equivalent  to  olTcr  for  it; 
tliat  it  was  ibr  Great  Britain  to  consider,  whether  a 
coittuierce,  consi;,ting  as  it  did,  almost  entirely  in 
tiie  exchange  of  our  specie  for  India  produce,  v.'as 
not  of  a  nature  to  deserve  the  most  lilsera!  encou- 
ragement; but,  that  we  had  rather  enter  into  no 
stipulation  on  the  subject  th.ar.  be  restricted  to  a 
direct  inteico'.irse  as  liad  been  proposed  by  tlie  un- 
ratifcd  treaty,  both  en  the  outv»ai-d  ;md  return 
V'""-<"'e 

Ovi  the  other  subject,  the  rights  and  duties  of  th® 
piirdes,  onehchig'at  war,  and  the  other  in  a  condi- ' 
tion  of  peace,  we  proceeded  to  remark,  that  v.iiilst 
theprospectof  a  long- Eu;-opean  peace  appeared  to 
exist,  as  was  the  case  wiien  Lhc  trcatv  of  Cihent  was 
concluded,  it  was  less  important  lo  provide  for  ques- 
tions :a-ising-  im.der  this  head.  But  it  was  impossi- 
ble to  .-iluit  our  eyes  to  the  demonstrations  every 
where  making  of  a  new  war,  which,  if  it  should  as- 
sume a  maritime  characccr,  mi^-ht  ag-ain  menace 
the  harmony  and  good  undei-standing  between  die 
tv/o  countries.  It  was  desirable,  tl.erefore,  to  anti- 
cipate and  provide  for  the  evil.  The  firs'.,  and  most 
important  point  was  that  of  impressment,  (ireat 
Biitain  had  aUvays  professed  a  vvillingness  to  re- 
ceive and  consider  any  proposition  wldch  Ameiica 
siiould  be  disposed  t ;  m.i-ke  on  that  subjeci.  It 
would,  perhaps,  be  unprofitable  at  this  time  lo  go 
iuto  a  discussion  of  the  iigh-,  as  to  which  we  would 


KiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— BRITISH  TREATY. 


385 


ifjcrely  remark,  that  it  was  impossible  that  there 
could  be  a  stronger  conviction  on  the  part  of  Great 
-Britfiin,  thatit  was  with  her,  tlian  there  was  on  the 
part  o'  America,  that  it  was  on  lier  side.  It  was 
better  to  look  to  some  practical  arrang-emcnt,  by 
which,  without  concession  of  right  by  eirlier  party, 
the  mischiefs  complained  ot  on  both  sides  migiit 
be  p]-evented.  To  this  end  the  attention  of  our  t^o- 
vernment  has  been  turned.    We  beiievcd  tliat  Greut 


now  say,  t!;at  the  nrincip'-?  which  Tnip;ht  be  adopt., 
fed  with  respect  to  Great  Ilritain,  whethcii-  of  ad- 
mission or  exclusion,  uuist  equully  and  irap^irtiallv- 
apply  to  all  tlie  parties  to  the  war. 

These  were  all  the  topics  noticed  I)y  us,  .'nd  we 
enforced  and  illustrated  them,  by  various  other  ob.- 
servations. 

The  JJriiish  g-entlemen,  professing-  not  to  have 
expected  those  ])oint3  to  be  brovigh:  forwr-.i^l  which 


Britain    hr^d  never   heretofore  contended  tliat  the  applied  to  .1  bcliigerent  state  of  one  of  tlie  parties, 

o   ]n-ohibit  the   expressed  a  wisli  to  know  whcthe;-,  in  our  view.  tJio 


American  government  was    hound  to 
merchants  of  the  United  States  from  emplu\  ing  fo- 
reign seamien,  any  more  than  it  was  bound  to  forbid 
tiieir  shipping  contraband  articles.     America  was, 
however,  now  willing  to  take  r.poji  herself  such  an 
obligation,  and  to  exclude  Britisli  seamen  from  her 
merchant  service,  and  we    believed  sucli  exclusion 
might  l^e  as  effectually  executed  as  our   revenue 
laws.     Here  we   called   their  attention  to  the  act 
which  congress  had  passed  o'n  that  suljject,  and  to 
the  message  of  the  president  to  that  body  towards 
the  close  of  its  lasi.  session,  upon   the  supposition, 
that  if  tlie  exclusion  of  British   seamen  should  be 
absolute  .'.r.d"  entire,  there  vrould  no  longer  exist 
anv   ground  for  the  daira  of  i.^npressment,  and  of 
coiu-seno  objection  to  its  abandoiiment.     We  stat- 
ed, that  besides  the  motive  wiiica  existed  with  our 
govcnnnentof  guarding"  against  collision  witii  Great 
Bi'itain,  another  powerful  one  operated,  that  of  en- 
couragingour  native  seamen,  and  of  not  being  oblig- 
ed to  rely  on  the  uncertain  supply  of  foi-eigners. — 
To  this  syotCiu,  as  a  substitute  for  that  of  impress- 
i^ient,   it   djci.  not  appear  to   us   that  Great  Britain 
could  object^  unless  it  was  tiioughi  to  be  impracti- 
cable in  its  execution.    We  had  no  doubt,  ourselves, 
tliat  even  .admitting  that  there  migiit  be,  as  ia  cases 
of  smuggling,  occasional  instances  of  evadloH  of  tiie 
system  of  exciuiiion,  it  woidd  nevertiieless  be,  upon 
liie  whole,    nuich    more  favorable  in  its  result  to 
Great  Biiudn.     This  system  woiUd  apply  to,   and 
operate  upoii,  every.  American  vessel:    v.iiilst  thai 
of  impressment  rcaclted  onlythe  cases  ofthoseves- 
sels  witii  whicli  it  accidentally  came  in  contact. — 
"We  u'erc  aware  of  the  ihiticullies  whicii  had  here- 
tofore  o;ipo;,ed  a   saiisfuctory  ;aTangement  on  tl.is 
subject.     Still  it  was  one  of  such  viud  imporu.nce, 
so  tending'  to  bring  the  two  countries  into  collision, 
that  it  was  impossible  it  should  receive  a  conside- 


two  subjects  were  inseparable,  ;md  wheu.er  wc 
could  not  come  to  an  agreement  on  those  topics, 
Vv-hich  were  probibly  less  difficult  to  be  adjusted, 
leavi.'ig-  the  others  for  furthej-  consider  ation,  aiid  fu- 
ture arrangement  P  We  replied,  tiiat  herevofore 
they  had  ahvajs  been  blended  togctlier  bj-  our  go» 
vernment,  and  that  we  intended  to  bring  them  all 


for  consideration;  that  at  present,  however,  we  on- 
ly presented  tliCm  for  consideraiiosi,  as  it  would  be 
premature  at  tbi'^  time,  to  make  raiyof  them  a  Hlne 
oua  noil;  and  tliat,  wjiethcr  fi  treaty,  cmicting  souie 
of  them,  Vv-ould  be  acceptable,  rnuy.  depend  on  its 
general  tenor,  and  upon  tiie  extent  aad  i:ai>orr 
tance  of  tlie  suriject  which  might  be  comprelientL- 
cd  in  the  arrangement. 

Tliey  jjroceeded  to  remai'k,  that  some  of  the  suK- 
jectshad  been  always  foimd  to  involve  cxrrcuiedi^' 
iiculty,  particidarly  that  of  impressment;  that  Crcvt 
rjritiua  was  certainly  prepared  at  all  ti.nes,  to  ro- 
ceiVe  and  to  consider  any  proposition  Ih^t  Atiicri'ia 
might  be  disposed  to  mukc  in   rehition  to  it;    bui, 
one  of  the    geritleir.en    iem:u-ked,    Uiat,    from   the 
deep  interest  wljlcli  was  felcbyGre:»t  liiit^iin  in  it, 
she  must  view  widi  gi-e:.t  jealousy,  by  whicfi    he 
Slid  lie  meant  viigilancc,  any  such  jH'oposilisn;  tha^ 
the  enquiry  v.Idch  they  had  juHt  made,  as  to  Oa.i' 
v,illingnt:.ss  to  bepi.v.ae  the  two  subjectci,  pi-ocecdsd 
from  a  wish  to'asc'ertain  whetlicr  ii  vv tre  likely  wmx 
u.ny  pract'cable  result  could  be   speedily  obtained, 
if  they  entered  upon  the  negocLutio.i  av  this  liuie. 
On  the  ijubject  of  discriminating  duties  meiiiioii- 
ed  by  us,  they  said  their  govenrment  wouid  rectife 
favorably  tl.c   jnupositiun  for  auwitual  aboUilon  of 
tiicm.     As  to  the  trade  v.ith   Indiit,   tiieir  govern- 
n.entwas  not  disposed  to  shttt  us  out  fs'oai  ic,     Li 
regj'd  to  t!ie  trr.de  to  the  West  Indies,  co;isideri!Vif 
ti\e   diihculiies    v/hich  hud    heretofore    prLavuLCil 
tliemscivcs  in  placing  it,  by  tj-eaty,  upon  it  footi.ig 


ration  too  earnest  and  tyo  anxious. 

Tiie  next  point  vrhicli  it  seemed  to  us  importanl  s.;tisf..ctory  to   Unh  iiarries,  they  feared  it    wo^LL 
io  settle,  v/as  the  trade  of  Amej-ica  with  liie  colo-jnot  now  be  practicable  to  enter  iato  any  stioulHti-.ia 
niesof  the  enem.ies  of  Great  Rritahi.     Towards  die  respecting  it,  vihich  should  mee^  the  views  of  tu„ 
end  of  the  last  European  war,  queaiions  gi-owingout 
of  tliat  trade  iiud  been  tcriuiiiated  b}'  the  conquest  <,f 
tliose  colonics  by  Great  iJiilain;  but  many  of  liiem 
having  been  restored  at  the  pcacc,the  disputes  which 
heretofore  existed  migJit  agidn  arise.     The  formei 
arrangements  on    this   sunject  might,  witi»   some 
BiodlHcadous,  serve  as  a  basis. 

We  then  staled,  th.it  we  did  not  intentl,  in  this 

prelimina.ry  and  uuoifieial  conversittion,  to  disctiss 

'die  otiier  poi;ii.s  belonging  to  tliis   br.mch  of   the 

subject.     A  deiinition  of  blockades  v/as  desirable 

and  could  not,  it  seemed,  be  attended   with  maeJi 

diiiiculty,  as;  we   believed  that   there  was  no  real 

difference  between  the  two  countries  with  resiiect 

to  the  absiract  priiicipls.    But  we  ar-prclicndcd  that 

the  disputes  whicii  might   hereauer  take  piace,  on 

that  subject,  would  arise  almost  excliLsiveiy  irora 

questions  of  f.-.ct,  which  no  prcviotts  d.  ".inition  could 

prevenc.  f;>oung- of  the.iuost  fivvored  navion;    and  were  .\k'.'0 

As,  in  the  event  of  war.  Great  iirhain  migiit  de- 1  AJlang  to  cnier  i;s1o  any  arrangement  by  wluch  all 

sire  to  knov/  ttic  disposiuion  of  our  go\Xi-ni.ient  on  Uiiicriininutiag  duties  on  importations  and  tonoig?- 

■th'fe  sii»5^eci.cif  privHlttTs  and  .iTri/es,  we'  v,oyW  oirly  Islioukl  i>e  tJtvjtu*liy  donse  itM-^^.    'i'hf^-  v.-ere.  w.i^?^; 


two  countries. 

The  interview  terminated   by  their   stating  t!;at 
they  would  report  to  the   cabinet  the  sub.3iance  of 
wiiat  li..tl  passed  between  us,  and  by  their  pledgiag 
tiient*eivt-s  to  do  ail  Li  tltcu-  power  to  alfortl  us  ixw  ' 
early  aus'.rei'.  •  . 

On  the  15th  mst.  Laving-  been  again  invited  by 
the  vice-'presidentof  tlie  boaid  of  tratie  to  caJl  i*t 
his  otfiee,  v/e  accor>lingly  attended,  arxi  wei-e  re- 
ceived l)y  the  same  gentlemem  They  stated  tl, at 
thevhad  rci>orttd  to  the  cabinet  what  ijavl  pajscc? 
at  the  last  interview,  and  were  now  prepared  to  givii- 
us  au  answer  on  the  several  topics  to  Vvhicii  tiit-- 
conversation  related.  In  dc-mg-  Ibid,  tl.ey  would  oi>* 
serve  the  order  whicii  had  been  m:uk.ed  out  by  us. 

ist.  On  t!ie  CJiiimeri-iid  lolercoiu-ic  betv."eeii  th-e 
two  countries,  they  were  av.thorized  to  state,  tha^ 
tlicir  "-overnraent  was  rcadv  ti>  treat  wit.h  its  on  tlie 


$S6 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGL^TER— SATURDAY,  JANUARt  15,  18151 


to  udrrut  us  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  ti^de  witli  Bri- 
tish India,  unclogg'ecl  by  the  restriction  on  tl)c  out- 
ward voy:.ii?;e  C(jiu.:inod  in  llie  unratified  trenty;  but 
Oiust  stiii  insist  on  tliat  contained  in  tlie  treaty  of 
1704.  on  the  return  voyage.  Considering-,  that  we 
iijid  candidly  stated,  that  we  had  no  equivalent  to 
ett^r,  except  wliat  was  to  be  found  in  the  trade  it 
self,  they  would  expect  for  this  concession,  a  spirit 
of  accdViiinodation  on  our  side,  in  otlier  ])arts  of  the 
conuiercial  airangeraent,  tlie  fur  trade,  or  some 
other. 

'J"ie  trade  wiili  the  Sritish  "West  Indies,  they 
stated,  Iiad  ahvaj's  been  a  subject  of  great  difhcul- 
ly,  and  their  g-ovennnent  was  not  prepared  to  make 
any  ciiaiig-e  in  tl)at  colonial  policy,  to  which  they 
had  so  ioni;- adl;e"ed;  but  tluy  v>oui<l  hope  thattiiis 
Wor.ldiMJt  form  anv  obstacle  to  the  ne[.';ociaiion. 

With  resj^cct  to  tlic  trade  with  their  North  Anie- 


arrang-ement,  for  their  supposed  concession  res'pe(!T^ 
ing-  the  India  trade,  we  thoug-ht  tlie  occasion 
suitable  for  stating-,  that  we  were  positively  instruct- 
ed not  to  consent  to  the  renewal  of  the  trade  be- 
tween Britisli  suhjects  and  the  Indians  within  our 
•eiTitories.  We  stated,  that  the  disposition  of  oiu* 
g-overnment  on- this  subject,  did  not  proceed  from 
eomniercial,  but  political  considerations.  Tliey 
elid  not  insist  upon  it,  or  seem  to  think,  that  the 
<leterniination  of  lAir  government  would  prevent  an 
arrang-ement  of  our  Canada  trade.  One  of  them  en- 
quired, whether  we  expected,  in  like  manner,  lobe 
excluded  from  the  trade  witii  the  Indians  in  their 
tei-ri'ories?     To  wldch  we  replied,  certhinlv. 

We  explained  the  law  for  the  exclusion  of  fc- 
rrign  seamen  from  our  service,  and  mentioned  tliat 
ilie  naturalizai ion  of  seamen  would  be  almost  al- 
tog-etiicr  prevented  in  future,  by  tlie  necessity  of  a 


rican  possessions,  they  were   ready  to  receive  and  continued  residence  of  five  years.     A^'e  staicd,  that 

we  were  autiiorised  to  enter  iiuo  siipulaiions  tliat 
would  forbid  the  employment  of  Riiish  seamen  as 
nsig-ht,  under  our  laws,  be  hereufer  natur.iiized, 
but  that  we  could  not  do  it  Vv'idi  resp<'ct  to  those 
already  naturalized.  We  had  thougli-.,  that,  as  to 
tiiem,  an  exception  might  be  made,  permitting,  on 
both  sides,  the  vokmtary  cmpio}  mciit  of  such  sea- 
men, natives  of  one  country,  as  might  h..ve  liereto- 
fore  been  naturalized  under  the  laws  of  the  oilier 
country.  We  added,  that  tlie  number  of  Bvi-ish 
se.unen,  already  naturalized,  which  could  coJisii  aiej 
as  it  appeared  \o  us,  tlie  only  diificulty  in  an  ar- 
rangement, v,-as  very  inconsidei-able.  Doctor  Auams 
co!iCurre<l  in  •piriioii  tliat  they  were  not  man}'. 

We  made  some  furiher  explanaiions,  and,  iii..lly 
told  them,  that,  consideiing  liie  dispositions  which 
we  hail  bwen  happy  to  meet  with  thein,  we  would 
now  say,  tiiat  we  would  enter  ui)on  the  negocialionj, 
reserving-  lo  oiuselves,  iiowever,  the  riglit,  as  our 
powers  were  severid,  as  well  as  joint,  io  vvii.ijdr.iw 
from  it,  if  circumstances  should  make  ii  eiigil)le 
to  do  so,  and  to  leave  to  -Mr.  Adams,  wiiom  we  dai- 
ly expected,  to  conclude  it. 


discuss  any  propositions  we  niiglit  have  to  ofier, 
with  an  iiiixioi-.s  desire  to  place  it  on  a  footing-  mutu- 
ally satisfacioi-y. 

2dly.  On  thcwe  subjects  which  related  to  a  state 
in  which  one  of  the  parties  siiouid  be  at  -war,  and 
the  other  in  peace;  it  was  not  necess^u-y  to  disguise 
that  '-'ley  had  been  always  attended  with  great  dlf- 
ficuities.  Still  they  wei-e  wiiiing,  in  u  spiri-  of  ami- 
ty, and  witli  camlor,  to  receive  and  di-sicfuss  any  pro- 
positions we  ini.?^!it  olFer. 

"\Vich  reg-;u'd  to  bloclcades,  they  could  not  think 
it  necessary  to  enter  into  any  treaty  definition  of 
tliem,  as  tiie  qtiestions  which  mig-tit  liereaf.er  arise 
on  th..L  subject  (according  to  our  own  stutement) 
would  rehiic  rather  to  tiic  f.ict,  than  to  the  princi- 
ple, on  v.hich  tiie  two  governments  seemed  to  agree. 
Indee-tl,  they  tlKKig-ht  that  sucii  a  definition  niig-fit 
tend  to  weaken,  as  miph  ing  a  doubt  of  tlie  correct- 
ness of  the  piinciplc. 

In  relation  to  the  trade  wjtii  enemies'  colonies,  I 
besides  the  intrinsic  dilncOlty  of  the  question,  as 
hci-etoi'ore  expeiieiiced  in  ail  attempts  to  ari-ange  it, 
there  was  another,  arising  out  of  their  want  of  in- 
formation, as  to  wiieilje;r France liad  adojitt-d  an), and 
wiiat  uyst  cm  of  colonisd  policy,  sii.ce  die  restor..Lion 
of  lier  coluiiies.  Itmiglit  be,  tliat  she  had  opened 
their  trade  to  forL-ign  nations,  in  peace  as  in  w.u-, 
ill  whicti  c.ise  the  questions  that  had  heretofore  ex- 
istc-d,  coaid  not  be  agitated  again. 

Inipressnieiit  had,  they  coniinued,  of  all  this 
clas;i  of  subjects,  been  found  most  diiScult  to  ar- 
r:ing-e.  '1  licy  were  aware  how  imjiortant  it  was  con- 
sidered in  boih  countries,,  and  how,,,  in  both,  it 
touched  piihlic  seii.vibiiity.  As  heretofore,  they 
were  iiiivv  really  to  receive  and  consider  anv  pro])o- 
sition  our  go\  t-rmiicnt  might  have  Ui  make  resj)ect- 
iiig-  it.  And  even  wiiiiout  any  treaty  supulaiion, 
their  government  was  now  anxiously  engaged  in  de- 
\iM\ig  means  to  pre^ent  the  abuses  of  whicii  we 
cjnij)l..in.  Jf  the  law  which  we  had  mentioned,  at 
tiic  last  interview,  should  be  elfectuai  in  its  object, 
iL  woiild  tloublless  do  away  a  great  motive  witli 
tliem  f»r  inprcssment.  ScUi  they  were  bound  to 
cjnsi.ler,  will!  ti.e  mu.-;t  vigilant  atteiuion,  any  pro- 
pusi'.ion  f.ir  tne  abandonment  of  what  they  must 
cor.si.ler  a  right  Cbsentiai  to  their  safely.  That  law 
did  not,  n:)Wever,  as  tiiC\-  understood,  settle  tlie 
c^e4,tio;i,  v:h>  were  to  be  considered  as  Brilisli  sub- 
jects, aqns-.ion  on  wiiich  the  two  countries  might 
i;ut  be  able  to  coiuc  to  an  imderstanamg-. 

\Vi,!:  regal  d  lo  our  ideas  respecting  privateers 
ami  p.  izes,  ti.ey  weie  certainly  f^ir  and  unexcep- 
tionf.hiti. 


The    interview  closed,   by  their 


undertaking-  ta 


A*    V  .cy   had   liintid    at  some  accommodation  in 
tie  f  oj- ti-..de,  or  in  «  her  parts  ef  the  conirBei;,cial 


provide  tnemselves   with  tlie   nece.ssar)    powers  to 
proceed  in  the  negoGiavion;  and  by  an  assurance,  liiat 
tiiey  would  Gondnue   to    do  ail  in   theu-  power  to 
bring  it  to  a  speedy  and  successful  issue. 
Kxtfuct    t/'  u  mitnite   of  a  conversaiion   tvhich    took 
place  at  lord  Cust:erea!;-Ii''s,  between  his  lorckhip  and 
^'ilessrs.   Clay  untl  Gullaliv,  ^ijiril  16,   1815. 
"Lord   €astleieag-ti  tlien  called  die   attention   of 
the  American  commissioners   to  a  communication 
made  by  them  at  Cdient  relative  to  their  power  to 
treat  on  the   commercial  intercourse  between  the 
two  oimntries      He  said,  before  he  gave  an  answer 
10  ihat  communication,  he  shoUid  be  glad  if  it  were 
agreeable    to    the   .'^inerican    Gomniissioners,    that 
mere  shottld  be  an  unofficial  convcrsaiion  betv.-een 
them  and  tiie  BriiLsii   commissioners,  who  negocia- 
t^dtlu  treaty  of  peace,  togelJier  with  Mr.  Robinson 
wliom  he  would  assiici.ae  \'.itn  tlieni  for  tliaqjiiip.jse. 
to  ascertain  if  it  were  like.y  tliat  .-ome  geneial  prin- 
ciples could  bs  agreed  upon,  to  form  the  basis  of  a 
treaty  of  commerce.     He  should  prefer,    that   this 
conversation,   like   that  which   he  understood  had 
taken  place  in  ihe  former  negociai ion  between  lords 
llodaud  and   Auckland,   and    Messrs.  Monroe  and 
Pmknty,  should  be    fiCe    from    official  forms,  and 
diought  such  a  cour.se  best  Calculated  to  asctnaiii 
li' it  were  likely  that  the  two  governments  couid  ■ 
come   to  any  jiractical  result   on   this  interesting 
subject. 

"It  was  observed  by  one  of  the  American  commis- 
sionei's,  that  such  a  conversation  Mould  be  on  teynJifc 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—BRITISH  TREATY. 


■ail' 


•^r  inequRllty,  the  Amei-ican  commisaio  ei-.^  '^^i' S' 
^mes'el  wiri,  powers,  and  the  other  gentlemen hav- 
4i!p."  none;  unless  it  was  umlerstood,  not  only  that  ii 
should  he  considered  as  eniirel}  unoffici.d,  but  thai 
the  s..nne  g'entkraan  should  af  erwards  be  commis 
aioned  to  corickide  ;itrea'.y,  if  it  were  tlioug-lit  Uiut 
«ne  com) d  be  formed.  Lord  C  stlereagh  remarked 
in  reply,  th;;«  such  was  certainly  his  intention. 

wrjie  C'nvers.ition  ended  in  an  undersumdhi^ 
that  the  .\meric.in  commissioners  would  consult 
togeher  upon  the  tliree  topics  menli»ned  by  lord 
jCa  :Oi-e  ■,]!,  fnd  comminiicaie  on  tiie  following' day, 
to  Mr.  Gou'burn,  the  residt  of  tiieir  dcliber;itions." 
^'he  Ameiicuii  Plenipotentiaries  to 
Stale. 


Loxno!c,  31  July,  1815. 

Sir. — We  have  the  honor  to  tritiismit  a  convention 
^r  ref^'iLaing'  the  commercial  intercourse  between 
ihe  Uni.ed  States  and  Great  Britain,  which  we  con- 
cluded this  day  with  the  British  plenipotentiaries. 

Messrs.  Clay  and  Gallatin's  despatch  of  tiie  I81I1 
3Iay  last,  has  informed  you  of  tlie  preiiininary 
eteps  taken  by  them  on   tha'   subject.     Mr.  Adams 


On  the  first  point  the  British  plenipo^e^tiuies 
Hr  i-is^cd  ii  ref ',int;;  to  ailmit  that  the  citizens  or 
tiie  United  States  should  have  the  right  to  iAiq 
their  produce  down  tlie  river  St.  La^'renceto  Mon- 
t;'e.-ii,  and  down  tlie  river  Ciiambray  (or  Sorel)  to 
tiic  St.  L  iwrence.  And  without  that  permission  the 
irticle  was  useless  to  us,  and  unequal  in  its  prnc- 
ticd  operation.  The  provision  that  the  importation 
of  otir  produce  into  Canada  should  r.ot  be  prohibit- 
ed, uidess  i\w  prohibition  extended  generally  to 
all  similar  articles,  afforded  us  no  securi'v;  as  no 
-■imilai-  irticles  are  imported  into  Canad.t  f -om  any 
O'  her  forei.L;"u  conutry;  whilst  the  corresponding'  pro- 
the  Secretary  o/{vision,  respcciinj;-  the  importation  into  tlie  United 
.States,  throjig'li  Canada,  of  tlie  produce  and  manu- 


ac  lU'es  of  Great  Britain,  effectually  prevented  us 
from  proiiibitiiig'  strch  an  importation;  since  tins 
'tould  not  be  done  witliotit  cxteii'ling-  l!ie  proiiibiiion 
to  the  importation  of  all  similar  articles,  citiicr  of 
IJntish  or  other  foreig'n  growth  or  manufacture,  in 
the  Atlantic  ports  of  the  United  States. 

The  article  for  placing  respectively  the  two  conn- 
tries  on  tiie  footing  of  the   most  fivored  nstion,li- 


arrived  in  London  on  the  25th  of  May,  and  on  tiie  mited,  ;\s    was  iii-;istcd   on  by  the  Britisli   plenipo. 
3th  of  June  we   wei-e  invited  by  .Messrs.  Robinson,  tentiaries,  to  the    intercourse  between  the    United 


<io  dbourn,  and  Adums,  to  meet  them  on  the  7th 
At  this  conference  after  a  mutual  exiiibilion  of  our 
powerji,  itnd  some  general  observiitions,  we  deli- 
vered to  them  our  projet  of  a  cfjininercial  conven- 
tion, a  copy  of  which  (marked  1,)  is  herewith  en- 
closed.    T!<ey  promised  to  take  it   into  iuimediate 


considei-ation 
thev 


and  on   the    9th,  informed    us  that  its  execution. 


States  and  the  Kuropean  territories  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, was  unnecessary;  since  all  that  'ippeared  de- 
sir.i])le  on  that  subject  was  secured  by  tie  second 
article;  and  a  provision  of  this  Uiiture,  unlesn  ol^'er- 
i.tg  some  obvious  .^dvanti.ge,  was  deemed  c;:i!).ir- 
r<vssing,  on  account  of  the  difficulties  attaciied  to 


ley  wo  '  dp -epareand  transmit  to  us  aco/j^re/jj'o;',,'/.       WiJt  this    view  of  the  tv.'o  subjects,  and  iinding 
Beiievi'  g  mat  there  was  no  prospect  of  an  iiunic-  that  to  arrange  them  in   a  satisfactory  manner  was 
diate  arrdiiL^ement  on  tiie  suhjec.   of  seamen,  andiimpracticble,  we  proposed  in  our  note  of  the  21st 


knov.ing  that  witliout  itno  treaiy,  defining- tne  riijhts 
and  duties  of  belligerent  and  neutrals  w.is  admissi 
ble,  we  excluded  all  that  related  to  that  brancii  of 
the  subject  from  otir  projet,  and  confined  it  to  ob- 
jects purely  commerciid. 

We  took  the  3d  article  of  the  treaty  of  1794,  res- 
pecting the  intercourse  with  (Janad'a,  as  the  basis 
of  the  corresponding  article,  o;i)itiiiig,  according 
to  our  instruc lions,  wiiatever  related  to  the  Indian 
trade.  In  drawing  the  other  articies,  we  were  prin- 
cipally guided  by  tlie  unratified  treaty  of  i8Li6,  bv 
the  mstruc  ions  given  in  relation  to  it  by  tlie  se- 
cretary of  state,  ill  ids  despatcu  of  May  2'^ti!,  18U7, 
and  by  the  act  of  congress,  of  3d  Alarch  last,  for 
'  abolishing  all  discriminating  duties.  From  the  pre- 
vious explicit  declarations  of  thp  British  plenipo- 
tenciaries,  we  deemed  it  useless  to  oiler  anv  article 
on  tiie  subject  of  the  intercourse  with  the  West  In- 
dia islands,  and  only  inserted  a  clause,  to  prevent 
the  application  to  tiiat  intercourse  of  the  provisions 
contemplated  by  the  convention. 

Ou  the  16di  the  British  plenipotentiaries  address- 
ed to  us  a  note,  enclo.'.icig  tneir  contra  projet,  (mark- 


to  omit  altogetlier  the  articles  relating  to  them. 

On  the  subject  of  the  intercourse  widi  India,  the 
British  Plenipotentiaries,  contrary  to  the  impressi. 
on  made  in  the  unoiTicial  conversation  to  Messrs. 
Clay  and'Gallati-:!,  liad  insisted  on  our  ofKcial  con- 
ferences, that  our  admission  to  that  tr.ide  was,  011 
the  part  of  Great  Britain,  a  concession  altogether 
gr.,t':i.ous;  and  for  whicli,  particularly  as  to  the 
privilege  of  indirect  outward  voyages,  she  tdtiinate- 
ly  expected  an  equivalent,  Whilst  wc  strenuously 
contended  that  an  equivalent  was  found  in  the  trade 
itself,  which  was  highly  benefu;ial  tc5  India,  or,  at 
all  events,  considering  the  nature  of  the  commerci- 
al intercourse  generally  between  the  two  countries, 
in  the  other  provisions  of  the  convention.  On  tlic 
same  grotmd  we  urged  our  claim  to  be  placed  in 
India  on  t'le  saaiie  footing,  at  least,  as  the  most  fa- 
vored nations.  To  which  was  replitd  tiiat  they 
made  a  distinction  between  nations  v.-Jtich  had  pos- 
sessions there,  and  those  which  had  none.  'I~hc 
refusal  not  being"  altogether  explicit,  we  renev.ed 
our  proposed  to  tliat  effect  in  our  note. 

The    iiritish    pienipotenliaries,  in  a  note  of  the- 


ed  ^)  and  on  tlvc  l7iii  we  transmi'tted  our  an3vver:23d  (marlced  7,)  acceded  to  our  proposal  to  omit 
(marked  3.)  Tlie  wiiole  subject  wus  discussed  at' the  jd  and  5th  articles,  and  refusing  that  on  the 
large  in  conferences  held  on  the  19;h  and  ::;;lst. —  subject  of  India,  offered  to  omit  the  article  altoge- 
The  British  plenipotentiaries,  in  a  note  of  the  2Jtli.  ther  and  to  sign  a  convention  embracing  only  the 
(marked  4,)  stated  the  substance  of  their  answer  to  provisions  respecting  the  inte.-course  between  the 
ours  of  the  17th.  la  Use  conference  of  tiie  2lst,  United  Slates  and  the  British  terri>orics  in  l':;irope. 
■we  delivered  the  additional  clause  to  tiie  2d  article  This  propo.sal  we  rejected  in  our  note  of  tlie  24tli 
of  the  coiilre  projet,  (marked  5,)  and  afierwards  on  (marked  8.)  But  in  order  to  meet,  if  practicable, 
the  same  c'a^',  ■>  e  transmitted  our  note  (marked  6.)  the  views  of  the  British  government,  and  to  avoid 
It  Will  be  perceived  by  these  notes  tliat  we  had  making  any  distinction  between  t!ie  East  India  trade 
come  to  an  underst.andhig  as  tp  the  intercourse  he-  and  the  other  branches  of  commerci-.d  imercourse^ 
tween  the  United  Stales  und  the  British  territories  we  proposed  to  limit  the  duration  of  the  whole  con- 
j'l  Curope,  and  that  we  disag-reed  on  three  points;  vention  to  foiu"  years,  anil  we  oilercd,  as  an  alter- 
th  intercourse  witu  Canada;  placing- generally,  both  native,  an  arrangement  for  tlie  sole  purpose' of  a- 
poantries  on  the  footing  of  the  most  favored  nations;  boUshiiig  the  discriminating  duties,  in  conformlt'f' 
and  the  intercoiurs»  with  t^,e  British  East  Indies.     1  with  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  last  sessiosii.. 


g'38      ^"I'^•S•  Vv'EEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  13,  ISU' 


Inanotc  m  tiie  26th  (marked  9,)  Uie  Briiis'ii  pie-  in  tl.-c  ports  of  his  Britannic  inr.jcs'y'a  ilomlnior4 

-       ■     '^  ■  '' -' •  ~  ■-'--'^-1— ^- '  =*-"-="-"°-''in  Eiu'ope,  on  the  vessels  of  the  United  States,  Onaj. 

Mre  or  sliall  1)e  pay^tbie  in  the  siiid  ports  by  IJi'itish 
vessels.  The  sunie  duties  of  expc)"ta.tion  nnd  im- 
portation, and  also,  the  same  drawl-.aclrs  find  boun- 
'■  ies  sliall  be  respectively  pcid  and  allowed,  in  eithef 
country,  on  all  articles  tlie  produce,  t^TOMi-h,  or 
manufacture  oftlie  Uui'ced  States,  or  of  his  'Rritan- 
iilc  majesty's  dominions  in  Europe,  v.'hetiier  pur.k. 


*nlpotentiarles  iv.formed  us  that  they  found  it  neces 

sary  to  refer  our  last  proposals  to  tiicir  g-overnment, 

and  by   their  note  of  the  29lh,  (marked  10,)  they 

accepted  oiu-  oft'er  of  a  convention   crn'oracinc:  the 

EastliKlivi 

calcuiutcd  from   the  date  of  its  si;cn^^''-i^2 


n-ticle,  and  limited  to   foiu-  vcars,  to  be 

AVe  re- 
]ji!ed  -.o  this  in  a  note  dated  SOUi  June,  and  (mark- 
ed 11,)  f-'jd  on  the  same  day  arran.i^ed,  in  a  con- 
fercMce,  the  details  of  ilie  convention. 

We  beg-  leave  to  ad'l  that  the  same  rastriction 
wliich  comlnes  our  vessels  to  tlie  principal  ports  of 
India,  is,  except  in  spcciid  cases,  imposed  by  the  act 
of  p:.rii^menr,  on  Bvi-.ish  subjects;  and  that,  be- 
Kideb  the  diaciinunatjon  in  the  expoit  duty  from 
England,  tJ-e  diflerence  on  the  import  duty  on  the 
pjticlc  of  cotton,  had,  by  a  late  act  of  parliament, 
been  encrcased  to  two  pence  .•sterling  per  pound  in 
f;!Vor  of  every  species  imported  in  Eritish  vessels, 
,and  even  of  Brazil  cotton,  imported  in  Fortuguese 
vc.vseis. 

We  Iip.ve  the  honor  to  he,  respcctfally,  sir,  your 
obedient  .servants, 

.rOlIX  QUINCY  ADAMS, 
H.  C5.AY, 

ALTlEiiT  GALLATIN. 
T'lP  liov.  James  Jtlmrof,  secy  of  slate,  TVashin^ion. 
piiOjr.cT  OF  Tus  Ai:i;!iieAiv  ccjiMissio:c::;its. 
(No.  1.) 
.Article  1. — Ti>crc  s'.islII  be,  between  the  territories 
^(  ti.e  United  Str.tcs  and  all  the  dominions  of  his 
F'l'i.annic  m\io,ty  in  Europe,  a  reciprocal  and  per- 
fect liberty  of  commerce  and  navigation.     The  peo- 
ple and  inhrtbitant.^  of  the  two  countries  respectively 
shrJl  have  liberty,  freely  and  securely,  and  witliout 
hindrance   and    molestation,   to   come    with    their 
ships    and  cargoes   to  the  lands,   countries,  cities, 
jjorts,  pi:ices  and  i-ivers,  within  ihe  territories  wid 
dommions    aforesaid,  to    outer  into  tlie  ssme,    to 
•resort  tiiere,  and  to  remain  and  reside  tlicre,  witii- 
oiitany  li  dilation  of  time;  rdso,  to  hire  and  possess 
liouses  ».nd  v.'archonf5es,  for  the  pm-poses  of  their 
cammeice;  and  'generally,  the  merchants  iuid  traders 
on  csch  side,  sh.dl  enjov  the  most  complete  protec. 
tiou  ajid  r>ecvu-ity  for  their  commerce,  but  subject  al- 
ways, as  to  what  respects  tliis  article,  ti)  tJie  laws 
and  ftatutes  of  the  two  countries  respectively. 
■    ^<Li-licU  2. — No  otiicr  or  liigher  duties  shall  be 
imposed  on  tiie  importaUt)n  in  the  United  States  oi 
any  &i-ticles,  tlie  gj'owth,  produce,  or  manufacture 
ofthe  dominions  oi'his  Britannic  mjijesty's  dominions 
5ii  Eur(;pe;  of  any  anicles  tlie  gro\\i;h,  produce,  or 
inamiti^cturc  oftlie  United  States,  than  are  or  shall 
l)ep.i3'able  on  tlie  like  ui'tic'ies  being  ofthe  growtli, 
produce,  or  manuf>tctnie  of  any  other  foreign  coun- 
iry.     Nor   rIihII  any  liigher   duties  or   charges   be 
impo.:.ed,   in  cither  of  the  two  countries,  on  the 
ey.portatioii  o}  any  articles  to  the  United  States,  or 
to    I'.is    Briiannic   majesty's   dominions   in    Europe 
rcspecti''.'cly,  tlu-.n  such  a;  are  p^ivable  on  the  ex- 
portation of  liie  like  articles  to  every  other  ibreign 
country.     Nor  shall  any  proliibition  be  imposed  on 
the  exportation  or  importation  of  any  articles,  the 
f^ruv.Ui,   pr'-jflucc  or   manufacture    of  the    United 
JStatts,  or  of  Jus  RriiAimlc  niiijesty's  dominions  in 
r-aro[,e,  to,  or  from  the  said  states,  or  tlie   said 
<lomii;ions,  wiiicji  ¥-\\A\  not  cqvial'y   extend  to   all 
otiiec  n.;!.ions.        No  oiher,  or  higlier  duties,    or 
cha.-ges,  shall  b-t-  im.posed  i:.-;  any  oftlie  poi-ts  ofthe 
TTiii;  ed  States,  o^.;  ]{fi;isli  vessels  (such  only  excepted 
tvs  may  be  Ijou.id  from   or  to   British   posressior.s, 
+o'  whicn    vessels    of  the    United  States   ure    not 
jjrrnianently  admitted)    than    shall   be  p:iyab!c,    in 
ihe  said  poi-t.^  by  vessels'Of  the  Unttcd  tJtkj^gs,  nor 


exportation    or  importation  be   in  vessels  of  thp 
United  States,  or  in  British  ves;^els. 

Art.  3.  His  Britannic  majesty  agrees,  that  the  ves- 
sels of  the  United  States"  shall  be  admitted,  and 
hospitably  i-cceived,  in  all  the  seaports  and  harbor^ 
ofthe  Bi-iti.sli  dominions  in  tlie  East  Indies,  p.nd  that 
the  citizens  of  said  states  may  freely  carry  on  a  trade 
witii  the  said  territories,  ia  all  articles  of  whic'i  tlie 
importation  or  exportrttion  respectively  to  or  from 
the  said  territories  shall  not  be  entirely  pro)iil)ited  : 
Provided  only,  that  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  them, 
in  any  time  of  war  between  the  British  government; 
and  any  other  power  or  state  whatever,  to  export 
from  said  territories,  without  the  special  permission 
of  the  British  government  there,  any  military  or 
naval  stores,  or  rice. 

Tlie  citizens  of  tlie  United  States   shallpay  for 
their  vessels,  when  admitted  into  the  said  ports,  no 
other  or  higher  duty  or  charge,  than  shall  be  pay- 
able on  British  vessels  in  tlie  ports  of  the  United 
States.  And  tliey  shall  pay  no  other  or  higher  duties 
or  charges  on  tlie  importation  or  exportation  ofthe 
cargoes  of  said  vessels,  than  shall  be  payable  on 
the  same  articles,  when  Imported  in  British  vessels. 
But  it  is  expressly  agreed,  that  the  vessels  of  the. 
United  States  shall  not  cany  any  ofthe  articles  ex- 
ported by  them  from  the  said  British  territories,  to 
any  port  or  place,  except  to  some  ]3ort  or  place  in 
America,  where  the  same  shall  be  unladen;  or  to 
some  port  or  place,  or  ports  or  places,  in  China,  or. 
in  the  India  seas,  whence  the  said  vessels  shall  pro- 
ceed as  afores:ud,  to  some  port  or  place  in  Ameri- 
ca, and  there  unlade  the  wliolc  of  the  articles  ex- 
ported, in  the  manner  above  mentioned,  from  the. 
aforesaid  BritLsii  territories.     And  such  reg'ilation.s 
shall  be  adopted  by  both  parties  as  shall,  fivm  time 
to  time,  be  found  necessary  to  enforce  the  due  and' 
fuithful  observance  of  this  stipulation.     It  is  also 
understood,    tliat  the  perm.ission  granted   by  this 
article,  is  not  to  extend  to  allow  tlie  vessels  of  the 
United  States  to  carry  on  any  part  of  t'-.c  coasting 
trade  oftlie  said  British  territories  without  the  spe- 
cial permission  of  tlie  T.ritlsh  government  there  : — 
but  the  vessels  going  from  one  port  to  another  of 
the  raid  territories,  for  the  sole  purposes  cither  of 
dischargiitg  their  original    cargoes,  or  part  there- 
of, or  of  completing  their  return  ciu-goes,  are  not 
to  be  considei-ed  as  can-}  ing  on  tha  coasting  trade. 
Neither  is  this  artick  to  be  const.aed  to  allow  the 
citizens    ofthe    United   States  to   settle    or  reside 
v.atliin  the  said  territories,  or  to  go  into  the  interi- 
or ])ai-ts  thereof,  wiuiotit  the  permission  of  the  Bri- 
tish government  established  there  ;  and  if  any  trans- 
gressions should  be  attempted  against  tlie  ref^aila- 
iions  of  tlic  British  government  in  this  respect,  the 
observance  ofthe  same  shall  Hitd  vn.ay  be  enforced 
Hgain.st  the  citizens  of  America,  in  the  sam.e  mannei* 
as  again.it  Britisli  subjects,  or  other.s,  transgressing' 
the   same  rule.     And  tlie  citizens  of  the   United 
Stales,  whenever  tljej'  ai-rive  in  any  port  or  Jiarbor 
in  t!ie  said  territoriesj  or  if  tlicy  sliould  be  permit- 
ted, i:i  ni»air.er  aforesaid,  to  go  to  any  other  place 
therein,  sliall  always    be  subject   to  the    laws,  go- 
vernment and  jurisdiction,    of  whatsoever  natur*^ 
C5tabns'bcd  in  strch  hr,rbor,  ^rt  cr  placc>  sccSW,, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  IlEGIfiTER.— BRITISH  TREATY. 


.SS9 


i^  as  liie  same  raw  be.  Tiie  vessels  of  t!ie  United 
'fit  ,"e^.  may  atso  touch  for  i-efreshment  at  the  Island 
ofS:.  Mele;i.i,  or  u.\  such  other  ports  or  places  as  may 
be  ill  the  uo^sessioii  of  Great  Britain  in  tiie  Afiicaii 
or  Ifidian  deat,  but  subject,  in  all  respects,  to  siicli 
reg-ulii lions  as  the  British  government  m:iy,  from 
time  to  time  establish  tliere. 

.^•■t.  4.  The  navigation  of  all  the  lakes,  rivers  and 
water  c  ^nimur.ici'.tions.  tlic  middle  of  '.vliicli  is  the 
Ijounriary  between  the  United  States  and  his  Bri- 
laiinjc  mnjf;sty's  dominions  on  ■hecontinent  of  North 
America,  shall,  at  all  times,  be  free  to  tiie  citizens 
of  iJie  nni',ed  States,  and  to  I>is  majcstv's  subjects. 
Tilt-  s.;id  citizens  and  subjects  may  freely  cwry  on 
trcv'.le  k.nd  commerce  with  each  other,  and  for  tiiat 
puij)ose  pass  and  re-pnss  by  land  or  inland  navif^a- 
tion,  into  the  respective  territories  of  tke  two  par- 
ties, on  the  said  continent :  and  no  liig'her  or  other 
toiis.  or  rates  of  ferriaJ3:c,  tljan  wliat  are,  or  sltall  be, 
pay^bie  by  natives,  shall  be  demanded  on  cither 
pide.  All  goods  and  mercliaodizc,  whose  importa- 
tion ioTo  the  (Jnited  States  shall  not  be  wholly  pro- 
Jiibi'.£d,  may  freely,  for  the  purposes  of  tbe  com- 
merce above  mentioned,  be  carried  into  the  same, 
an  t!ie  aianncr  afores-dd,  by  his  m.ijesty's  sulijccts, 
and  such  g-oods  and  m?rchiaidize  shall  l>e  subjcci.  to 
,  no  hi^lier,  or  other  duties  than  would  be  paviible 
by  citizens  af  the  United  Slates,  ca  the  importation 
Oi  the  game  in  .\merican  vessels  into  the  Atlantic 
ports  of  the  United  St^ites  ;  and,  in  like  manner,  aii 
gojdii  ^cd  merchandize,  vvliose  importation  into  liis 
an-jeit\''s  siid  territories  in  \nicric.i  shidl  r.ot  l:e  en- 
tirely pr»kibited,  may  freely,  for  the  purposes  of 
the  comrierce  above  mentioii-ed,  be  c£.rried  into 
the  sa.ne,  in  ttie  manner  .iforcBaid,  by  the  cidzens 
of  ".he  Ur.ited  Staics  ;  and  .such  g'oods  and  merchan- 
dize saali  be  suhji-ct  to  no  hi;j'iier,  or  other  duties 
than  v;'ould  be  payable  by  his  mnjcsty'^  subjects,  on 
4he  importation  of  the  same  from  Europe,  inio  tiie 
said  tcrritorice.  All  g-ood.Sj  not  proiiiuited,  to  be 
exjiorted  from  tite  said  territories  ref,pectively,  may, 
in  like  Hwrnier,  be  carried  out  of  the  same  by  tiie 
two  pai'ties.  No  dtity  of  importation,  or  ex'porta- 
tiun,  shidl  be  levied  by  cither  pu.i"ty,  on  peltries  or 
furs,  wJiich  may  be  broug-ht,  in  the  manner  aibrc- 
Gai'i,  by  laj-ij  or  iiibmd  navig'ation,  from  llie  Sidd 
territories  of  o'.ic  party  into  the  said  territories  of 
Ihe  o>.hei  [Jid-ty. 

^r^  5.  It  Khnll  be  free  for  each  of  the  two  con- 
tracting^ parties  respectively,  to  appoint  cbnsuls^for 
the  protection  of  trade  ;  and  ag-ents  for  the  protec- 
tion of  setmen,  to  reside  in  the  dominions  or  terri- 
tories of  the  otiier  piu-iy  ;  and  the  said  consuls  vivl 
r.gents  shell  enjoy  their  Liberties  and  ri^,^nts  whic:i 
belong  to  them  by  reason  of  their  fuiciions.  But 
before  auy  consul  or  iigent  aforesaid,  sJiidl  act  as 
suc'i,  he  sii.-Il  be,  in  the  usual  form,  apprevcd  and 
admiitcd  by  the  par*i;y  to  wiiom  he  is  ser.t ;  and  ic  is 
Iiereby  declared  to  be  lawful  and  proper,  tiiat  in- 
•case  of  iiici^-ul  or  improper  conduct  towards  the  la'.vs 
or  .government,  a  consul  or  ag'cnt  afores^aid,  may 
either  be  punished  according  to  Uivv,  if  tlie  laws  will 
re.Lch  tiie  c.^se,  or  be  dismissed,  or  even  sent  back, 
the  oiVendcd  g'overninciit  assiguing  to  the  other  tlie 
reasons  for  the  same. 

^iri.  6.  It  beinij  tiie  intention  of  the  'nig-h  contract- 
ing parties  that  tiie  people  of  tiicir  i-csi3e-ci.ive  do- 
minions shall  be  placed  on  the  footing  of  tiic  moat 
favored  nation,  it  is  agreed  that  in  case  eidier  party 
shall  hereafter  grant  any  additional  advant;ige  in 
iiavigaticn  or  trade  to  any  other  nation,  the  citizens 
or  subjects  of  the  otiier  party  sliall  fully  participate 
lljcrcin,  f:c'-)y  vhcrc  it  is  fredy  granted  to  such 


other  nation,    or  yielding  tlie  same  comnons::tlci.n 

where  the  grant  is  mide  for  .some  equivalent. 

T'lE  BRITISH COXTU.'^>  PSO.TRT. 

The  British  Plen!pot>-7iliarie»  tj  the  .■3m/^-ieaii  Plcni. 

p'-itcntiurie':. 

]u».A.aD  OF  tiias^t:,  JL-VE  15,  1315. 

Tiie  undersigned  have  the  honor  to  transmit  t-> 
the  plenipotcnti;u-iesof  the  United  Slstes,  a.cov>r« 
piojei  for  the  .irrangement  of  the  commercial  inicr- 
course  between  the  two  countries.  The  Amerioah 
plenipotentiaries  will  obseiwc,  that  the  :a-tir;le  re-^- 
peccing  the  British  East  Indies,  is  not  j^roposcd  to 
be  included  in  the  body  of  the  tre-^.tv,  but  in  a  se- 
parate article,  and  more  limited  in  point  o"d;ir -.tion 
than  WQukl  be  srdtable  to  the  arrangement  of  the 
tre;ity  itself  Tlie  undei-signed,  ncvcrihcieys,  flat- 
ter tliemselves  tlint  the  A.merican  plc/iipotentuuoeis 
will  sec  in  tlie  proposed  article  fur  the  E:!.-;t  (-.dia 
intercourse,  a  proof  of  the  liberal  and  conciliatory 
disposition  with  wjsicii  tiie  Brriisii  government  i« 
disposed  to  net  upon  the  subject. 

It  will  be  recollected  that  at  one  of  ti-e  uno,7icial 
conferences,  and  subsequently,  at  the  first  orlicial 
c.onfere;;cc  l-.cld  v/ith  the  Amcriciin  pleniponiiai-ie^, 
the  imdersigned  stated  by  order  of  their  govern- 
ment, that  if  the  power  of  going  from  the'^Unitgd 
Slates  to  the  British  dominions  in  the  E^.st  Indies 
bv"  aa  indirect  course  wcvc.  conceded,  Great  Bri- 
tain must  be  considered  as  entitled  to  some  cpiiva- 
ient  for  tlie  concession,  and  that  tlie  furtrudc  wj.s 
pointed  out  by  tiie  undersigned,  us  cap.vble  of  fur- 
nis'feing  that  equivrdent. 

Tiie  American  p!en;potenti:irics  having  st.itcd 
that  their  i-.striic-'.ions  did  not  persait  them' to  gr.mt 
by  stipulation  any  commercial  intercourse  betw-ecn 
his  m..'jesty's  subjects  and  thelndiims  rcjiding  with- 
in the  acknowledged  botmd.n-ies  of  tlie  Un;ccd 
States,  and  not  having  suggested  auv  other  me.ms 
of  finding  sin  equivalent,' the  uiiderKi.Tned  Vvould 
have  been  fully  jiisdiied  i  \  tendon  ig  a  \-ontre  pnjct 
widch  wholly  oiniiited  the  concc-j.siijii  in  qusstion.. 
But  his  m.-ijesty's  governme;:t,  anA:ioti3  to  renew 
the  commercial  relations  of  tlie  two  countries,  in 
the  true  spirit  of  peace  and  harmony,  has  autliori- 
zed  the  undersigned  to  offer  a  separate  articie  l>y 
vvliic'i  the  Indirect  voyage  fiom  the  United  States  to 
the  British  E.ist  Indies  will  be  permitted  without  c- 
quiva;ent,  for  the  space  «f  tv/o  yerj-a,  in  the  confi- 
tleiit  hope,  that  during  tliat  period  tlie  American 
government  will  be  enabled  to  propose  such  au  e- 
qtiivaicni  a^  nuy  iad,ice(iivat  Briuiin  to  ni'ike  tii.it 
permisiian  comniejisurate  with  the  general  dura- 
tion of  Uie  treaty. 

The  uiidersigaed  will  be  happy  to  have  tiie  ho.un- 
of  seeing  the  Ameriann  p!enip"aten'a::rier>  on  anv 
day  wJiicJi  iniy  suit  tj.eir  convenicacc,  and  request 
chem  TO  accept  the  assurance  of  tiicir  Uv/ii  consi- 
deration. 

P.  ROBIX.-HOX, 

Hi^xii."  (>:)ul:;urk, 

YJiiJAWl  ADA.MS. 
Art.  1.  T])2r£  shall  br  I)Ct\vt«n  all  tlic  territocies 
of  Ills  Ailiitanoic  .^I.jesiy  in  Europe,  ;ind  th?  territ/>« 
ries  of  iiie  Tnic^Hl  States  of  Ame.-ic.'<,  a  reciprocal 
libei-ty  of  commerce.  Tiie  inhabii.*.'\ts  of  the  t.-.\-f> 
couati'ies  respectively  sh;Ul  liave  liberty  fuliv 'Vnd 
securely  to  come  with  th-jiraiiipa  aadcArgocs  to  ail 
such  placcj,  ports,  and  rivers,  io  the  tonitorics 
aforesaid,  to  v.hicli  otiier  foreigners  are  pcrmit,.od 
to  come;  to  enter  into  tjie  same,  and  to  remain  and 
reside  in  any  part  of  tJie  .said  territorie.s  respective- 
ly, also  to  hire  and  occu])y  wareiiouses  for  t!ic  pur- 
poses of  U\eir  commerce,  and  ge:icrally  the  mer- 
chants and  traders  of  cru;'i  nation  rcs<)^jcti"eiv  .•■') .' 1 


340        NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  13    18IG 


enjoy  the  most  complete  protection  and  security  f;)r 
their  commerce,  but  subject  always  to  the  laws  and 
sLa>ute-j  of  the  two  countries  respectively.. 

Art.  2.  N'o  other  or  hii^lier  duties  shall  be  impos- 
ed on  tlie  importation'  into  tlie  territories  of  liis 
Uriiannic  m.jesty  in  Europe,  of  any  articles  the 
growth,  produce,  or  manufacture  of  tlie  United 
States,  and  no  other  or  hig-her  duties  sliall  be  impo- 
eed  on  the  importation  ints  the  United  States  of 
an',  ariicle  ihe  gi'owth,  prod>ice,  or  manuf  .ctiu'e  of 
liis  B.'itannic  m.,jcsty'.s  ten  itoj-ies  in  Kurope,  than 
are  or  shall  be  payable  on  the  like  articles,  bein^- 
the  gi'owth,  ])roduce,  or  manufacture  of  any  otlier 
foreign  counti-\ ;  nor  sliall  ;iny  other  or  hig'lier  duties 
ov  charg-es  be  imposed  in  either  of  the  two  coun- 
tries on  the  exjjoit -tion  of  any  articles  to  his  Bri- 
t.annic  m.'jc,st\'s  territories  in  Europe,  or  to  the 
VniiedS'  -.'es,  respectively,  than  sucli  as  are  paya- 
ble on  the  exportation  of  tlie  like  articles  to  any 
other  forcig-n  country;  nor  shall  any  prohibition  be 
imposed  upon  tlie  exportation  or  hnportation  of  any 
r.rticlet!ie  f^nnvtli,  produce,  or  mar.ufacture  of  liis 
T5rita;.nic  iii..jcsty's  territories  in  Euj-ope,  or  of  tlic 
X'nited  States,  to  or  fi'om  the  said  terri'ories  of  bis 
!Bri.annic  m.jesty  in  Europe,  or  to  or  f:-om  the  sido 
tJnited  States,  which  sliall  not  equally  extend  to  all 
other  nations. 

No  o'lur  or  hii^lier  duties  or  charges  sliall  be  iui- 
posed  in  tli-  ports  of  any  of  his  Britannic  majesty'.^ 
teiTi'orii-:  iii  Europe,  on  the  vessels  of  tlie  United 
States,  tb;  n  sliall  be  payable  on  British  vessels,  nor 
an  any  of  tliC  ports  of  the  United  States  on  British 
vessels,  than  tliose  paxable  in  the  same  ports  by 
vessels  of  ilie  United  States. 

Art.  3.  The  navig'ation  of  all  lakes,  rivers,  and  wa- 
ter  communicalions,  tliC  middle  of  vvliich  is,  or 
jnay  be  the  boundary  between  his  Britannic  majes- 
ty's territories  on  tlie  continent  of  Noith  America, 
euid  the  United  Slates,  shall  with  the  exceptions 
liereinaf:er  mentioned,  at  all  times  be  free  to  iiis 
snajesty's  subjects  and  tlie  citizens  of  the  United 
States.'  Tlie  iuiialjiiants  of  his  Britannic  m-'jesiy's 
lerriiories  in  North  .\merica,  and  the  citizens  and 
eubjects  of  the  United  States,  may  freely  cany  oi 
trade  and  commerce  by  land  or  inland  navi^-tttion  as 
aforesaid,  with  goods  and  merchandize  the  growth, 
Jirodiice,  or  mantific'.uie  of  the  British  territories 
3H  Europe  or  Nortii  America,  or  of  tlie  United 
States,  rcspecnvely,  within  tlie  territories  of  the 
two  parlies,  respectively,  on  the  s;iid  continent, 
(the  countries  within  the  limits  of  tlie  Hudson's 
iJay  Company  only  excepted)  and  no  otliei'  or  high- 
er d\ities  or  tolls  or  rai.es  of  ferriage  or  poru.ge, 
than  what  are  or  shall  be  p;iyable  by  nati^•es  respec- 
tively, shall  be  taken  or  demanded  on  either  side. 

All  goods  and  mei-chandize  whose  importation 
Snto  the  United  States  shall  not  be  wholly  proiiibit 
ed,  may  fvdiy,  f<<r  the  purposes  of  the  connnercc 
abovementioiied,  be  carried  into  the  said  United 
Stales  in  the  manner  aforesaid  by  his  Brit.mnic  ma- 
jesty's subjects,  and  the  said  goods  and  merchan- 
dize shall  be  subject  to  no  higher  or  other  duties 
than  would  be  payable  by  citizens  of  tiie  United 
tStaiCs,  on  the  importation  of  the  same  in  American 
"vessels  into  the  Ailantic  ports  of  the  United  Stages. 
And  in  like  manner  all  goods  and  merchandize  the 
fyrowth,  produce,  or  manufacture  of  the  I'nited 
states,  whose  importation  hito  his  mr.jcsty's  s.iid 
terri'ories  in  America,  shall  not  be  entirely  proiii- 
bited,  may  fully,  for  the  purposes  of  the  commerce 
nbove  mentioned,  be  c.  rried  into  the  same  by  land, 
or  by  means  of  such  lakes,  rivers,  and  water  com-[ 
sttiumcations  as  above  mentioned,  by  the  ciuzens  ofl 
the  United  States,  and  such  goods  and  merchandize} 


shall  be  subject  to  no  other  or  higher  duty  than 
would  be  payable  by  his  m  jesty's  subjects  on  the 
importation  of  the  same  from  Europe  hito  tiie  said 
territories.  Ni)  duty  shall  be  leviCvd  by  either  party 
on  peltries  or  furs  which  may  be  brought  in  the 
m;;nner  aforesaid  by  land  or  inland  naAigation  from 
the  said  territories  of  another,  but  tolls  or  r.acs  of 
ferriage  or  portage  may  be  demanded  and  taken  in 
manner  above  mentioned  on  such  peltries  or  furs. 

It  is  hereby  declared,  that  nothiiig  in  this  article 
contained,  as  to  the  navigation  of  ri'.'ers,  lakes  oc 
water  communication  shall  extend,  to  give  a  right 
of  navigation  upon,  or  within  the  same,  in  those 
parts  wiiere  the  middle  is  not  the  boundary  jjetvi^een 
his  Britannic  majesty's  territories  and  the  United 
States  of  America. 

Art.  4.  It  shall  be  free  for  each  of  the  tM-o  con- 
trading  parties  to  appoint  consuls  fur  the  protec- 
tion  of  trade,  to  reside  in  the  dominions  and  terri- 
tories of  the  oilier  party.  But  bofore  any  consid 
shall  act  as  such,  he  shall,  in  the  usual  form,  be 
approved  and  ac^initted  by  the  government  to  which 
he  is  sent;  and  it  is  hereby  declared,  that,  hi  cas* 
of  illegal  or  improper  conduct  towards  tlie  la\\'s  or 
government  of  the  country  to  which  he  is  sent^ 
suciv  consul  may  either  be  punished  according  to 
law,  if  the  lavrs  will  reach  the  case,  or  be  sent  i)ack, 
the  offended  government  assigning  to  the  other  tlie 
reasons  for  the  same. 

Il  is  hereby  d-clared,  that  either  of  die  contract- 
ing parties  niay  except  from  the  residence  of  con- 
suls such  particular  places  as  such  paj-ty  shall  judge 
,oro]ier  to  be  so  excepted. 

Art.  5.  It  being  the  hitention  of  the  contracting 
parties,  that  the  inhabitants  of  his  Bi-itannic  majes- 
ty's territories  in  Europe,  and  the  inhabitants  of  the 
United  States  shall,  in  respect  to  commerce  be- 
tween the  said  territories,  be  placed  on  the  footing" 
of  the  most  favored  nations;  it  is  agreed,  that  in 
case  either  of  ti;e  contracting  pu-tics  shall  hereaf- 
t,-r  i.a-  .nt  any  additional  advantage  in  commerce  or 
navigation  to  any  European  n.ition,  as  to  the  impor- 
tation Or  exportation  to  or  from  such  other  Euro- 
pean nation  and  his  Britannic  m:ijesty's  territories 
i'l  Iv.irope,  or  to  or  from  sucli  European  nation  and 
the  territories  of  the  United  States,  the  citizens 
and  subjects  of  the  otlier  contracting  party  shall 
likewise  enj-y  the  same  freely,  where  i-  has  bceii 
fi-ecly  granted  to  such  other  European  nation;  and 
werc'condi'iion  lily  granted,  on  the  same  terms  and 
condiiions  on  which  such  advantage  sliall  have  been 
p'-ranted,  on  terms  and  conditions  which  may  be  af- 
erwards  agreed  upon  as  equivalent  thereto  by  the 
contracting  parties. 

Fzn-it  nefxtrnte  article.  His  Britannic  majesty  agrees 
that  tlie  vessels  of  the  United  States  shall  be  admit- 
ted and  hospitably  received  at  the  pnnclpai  settle- 
ments of  the  Ihiiish  dominions  in  t'he  East  Indies, 
viddicet:  Calcutta,  Madras,  Bombay,  and  prince  of, 
Wales'  Lsland,  and  that  the  citizens  of  said  the  Uni- 
ted States  may  fully  carry  on  trade  between  the  said 
principal  sett'ienients,  and  the  said  United  States, 
in  all  articles  of  which  the  importation  and  exporta-, 
tion  respectively,  to  and  fiom  the  said  tcrrit(jries, 
shall  not  1)6  entii-cly  prohibited;  provided  only  that 
it  shall  not  be  lawfwl  for  them  in  an}'  time  of  war 
between  tlic  British  government,  and  any  power  or 
state  whatever,  to  ex])ort  fiami  the  said  teiritories, 
wiil;out  tiie  special  permission  of  the  British  go- 
vernment, any  military  stores  or  naval  suires,  or 
rice.  The  citizens  ofthe  United  States  shall  pay 
for  their  vessels  Avhen  admitted,  no  other  orldglier 
duty  or  charge,  tlian  shall  be  payable  on  the  vessels 
of  the   most  "favored   European  nations.     AndHiey 


FILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— BRITISH  TREATY. 


Sil 


shaU  pav  no  other  or  hig-herdufies  or  cc.u-g-es  od  . 
tiie  Imp'ortatJon  or  exponation  of  ine  cargoes  of  the 
jS'-id  vessels,  th;in  shall  Lie  pavabie  oothe  s.^me  ar li- 
cks when  ijiiported   or  espor'ti'  m  the  vessels   of 
the  most  favoj-ed  European  n.ttion. 

But  it  is  expressly  agreed,  that  the  vessels  of  tlie 
X'nited  Stales  shall" not  carry  any  articles  from  the 
sad  principal  settlements  to  anyporior  place,  ex- 
cept to  some  port  ov  place  in  the  United  States  of 
America,  wuere  the  snnne  shall  be  unLalen. 

It  :ii  al:,o  understood,  that  tlie  permission 
•pranted  bv  this  article,  is  not  to  exiend  to  allow 
the  vessels  of  the  United  Slates  to  curry  on  any  of 
\the  coasting-  trade  of  the  s:.id  British  territories, 
but  tlie  vessels  of  the  United  Si«tes  having'  h\  the 
iirst  instance  proceeded  to  one  of  the  said  princi 
pal  settlements  of  the  British  co.ninioiis  in  the 
JK.ist  Indies,  uud  tiien  g^oing"  with  ttieir  orig-inal  c<u- 
goes,  or  part  thereof,  from  one  of  the  said  pri;  cipal 
settlements  to  another,  shall  not  be  considered  as 
c:irrying  on  tlie  co.isiing'  tr^de 

Tne  vessels  of  the  United  Spates  may  also  touc!. 
for  rcf  esiiment,  but  not  for  commerce,  in  the  coiir-e 
pt  tiieir  voyag-e  to  or  from  tlie  British  terriioiici. 
in  Iiv.iia,  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the  Island  of 
St.  Helena,  or  stich  other  places  as  may  be  in  the 
possession  of  Great  Britain  in  the  African  or  In 
dian  Seas.  It  being  v/ell  imderstood,  tiiat  in  aii 
that  rcg-ards  tliis  article,  the  civizens  of  the  Uniiea 
States  shall  be  subject,  in  all  respects,  to  the  IsiWs 
and  reg-ulations  of  the  British  government  from 
time  to  time  estriblislied. 

Sifcond  separate'  article.  It  is  iiereby  ag'reed  and 
declared,  that  the  fi;-st  separate  article  in  this  trea- 
ty sh.dl  be  limitted  in  it  deration  to  the  period  of 
tvvof}  e  rs  from  the  date  of  tlie  exchaiiije  of  t  .e  ra- 
tifications of  the  said  treaty. 

^3) — The  an^-.ver  of  oiir  cmtuiu'ssioiiers  to  the  British 

con. re  projet,  and  note  accowpaiiifiitff  it. 

The  American  to  theBridsh  pieiiipotentiaries. 

Harleij-street,  June  17th,  1815. 

The  undersiccncd  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge 
the  receipt  of  the  note  of  ids  Britannic  majesty's 
plenipotentiaries  of  the  16tii  inst.  enclosing-  their 
contrg  projet  for  the  arrangement  of  tlie  commer- 
cial intercourse  between  ttie  two  countries. 

Anxious  to  ascertain  vvitli  as  little  delay  as  possi- 
ble, v.liether  there  be  any  probiibdity  that  such  an 
arrangement  can  now  be  conchided,  as  shall  be  sa- 
tisfactory to  both  parties;  the  undersigned  will  not 
;'.t  this  time  enter  into  a  discussion  of  t!ie  subject, 
and  leaving  minor  points  for  subsequent  coiisiaera- 
tion,  will  only  jiropose  the  following  alterations  to 
tlie  contre  pri/Jet  ot'lns  Britannic  majesty's  plenipo- 
tentiaries, videlicet: 

Art.  2.  1st.  To  reinstate  the  clause  in  tiie  projet 
of  the  undei-signed,  which  provided  that  the  same 
duties,  drawbacks  and  bounties,  should  be  paid  and 
allowed  in  cither  country,  on  the  importation  or 
exportation  of  articles  tiie  produce,  or  growth,  or 
manufacture  of  his  Britannic  majesty's  territories 
in  Europe,  or  of  the  United  Slates,  whether  such 
.  importations  or  exportations  should  be  in  British 
Tessels  or  in  vessels  of  Uie  United  States. 

2dly.  To  reinstate  the  clause  in  \.\\t  projet  o?  the 
undei-signed,  which  excepted  from  the  provision  to 
equalize  tonnage  duties,  British  vessels  bound  to 
or  from  British  possessions,  to  whicli  vessels  of  the 
United  Slates  were  not  permanenily  admitted;  or 
to  introduce  a  new  ai-ticle,  providing  tliut  neither 
the  iulei-ccui-be  between  tlie  United  states  and  his 
Britimnic  m.tjesly's  possessions  in  the  West  Indies, 
Jior  tluit  by  sea  between  ttie  s-tid  states  and  liis  Bri- 
tanpic  majesty's  possesjiQns  in  \orth  Ani.-rica  shali 


be  aiiVc'.ed  b}-  any  article  in  the  treaty,  but  t\\^^ 
e  >ch  party  sliall  remain  in  the  complete  possession 
of  its  ri;.^:-.ts,  in  respect  to  such  an  intercourse. 

.lit.-i.  To  reinstate,  in  substance,  tlie  article  pro- 
posed on  that  subject  by  the  undersigned,  so  that 
t!ic  commerce  by  land,  or  inla'd  navigation,  sunc- 
tir)-,ied  by  tiie  uriicles,  be  confined  to  that  whicii  may 
:>e  carried  on  between  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States  and  his  Britannic  majesty's  subjects;  and  so 
-iS  not  to  preclude  tiie  ciuzens  of  the  United  Slates 
froia  carrying  aj-ticles  of  the  growth,  produce  or 
ma.iufiCture  of  the  said  states,  down  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  as  f.ir  at  least  .is  .Montreal,  and  down  the 
waters  of  Lake  Ciiamplain,  as  fa*  at  least  as  the  St. 
Lawrence.  Or,  if  no  satisfactory  arrangement  cm 
.«t  present  be  formed  on  tiiis  subject,  to  omit  the 
arlicle  altogether. 

.irt.  5.  To  piace  generally  eacli  nation  on  tlie  foot- 
ing of  the  most  favored  nation,  without  restricting 
diiit  privilege  as  relates  to  the  ciUzcns  of  tlie  Uni- 
ted States  to  the  commerce  with  his  Britannic  ma- 
jesiy's  territories  in  Eurojje. 

Second  .separate  article  to  be  omitted. 

The  undersigned  will  liave  the  honor  to  wait  on 
iiis  Britannic  iiuijesty's  plenijiotonUiries  on  Mon- 
day th.e  19th  inst.  at  two  o'clock,  at  the  office  for 
trade,  when  the  undersigned  hope  they  will  be 
ubie  to  communicate  to  them,  their  final  dclerniina- 
lioii  on  the  proposed  altertions. 

T.iC  undersigned  request  his  Britannic  m.-ijesty's 
pienipotenti.iries  to  accept  the  assura;;ces  of  their 
distinguished  consideratiini. 

JOHN  QUINCY  .\DAMS, 
HENRY  CLAY, 
ALBERT  GALLATLV. 
The  vig-ht  hou    F.  .T  Rabinion,  H.  GouU 

burn  and  Dr.    (Fin.  A'.hrins. 

(4) 

The  fiib'ftance  of  the  ons-.ver  of  ths  British  commui- 
misdoners  to  tlie  letter  of  mir  commissioners  of  the 
17th  June. 

The  British  to  tlie  American  plenipotentiaries. 

Board  ofTrade,  June  20///,  1815. 

In  compliance  with  tiie  i-equest  of  the  Ameiicm 
plenijiotentiarie.s,  tiiff  undersigned  have  the  honor 
to  communicate  to  them  in  writing,  the  substance  of 
the  observations  which  were  made  on  the  part  of  the 
Britisli  plenipo'eiiliaries  in  tlie  conference  of  yester- 
day, upon  the  ditierent  points  referred  to  in  the  note 
01  the  American  plenipotentiaries  of  the  I7th  inst. 

Uj.>on  the  first  point  relatiiig  to  a  part  of  the  se- 
conci  article  o!  the  contre  projet  of  tiie  undersigned, 
the  British  plcnipotei.tiiU-ies  stated  it  to  be  tne  in- 
tention of  iheir  government  to  agree,  not  only  to  a 
mtitual  equalization  of  such  duties  as  may  be  pro- 
perlv  called  tonnage  duties,  but  also  of  all  duties 
upon  the  importation  of  g'oods  the  growth,  produce, 
or  manuiactin-c  of  the  two  countries  respectively, 
wlietlier  inipoi-tcd  in  British  or  in  Amcric.m  ships; 
thev  stated  iurther,  their  readiness  to  accede  to  a 
similar  and  mutual  equalization  of  bounties  payable 
upon  the  above  articles.  Ujion  the  subject  of  draw- 
backs, the\  represented  tl.at  the  clause  as  proposed 
bv  the  A'merican  plenipotentiaries,  appeared  to 
g'ive  to  the  vessels  of  the  U.  States  wnicii  might  be 
engaged  in  ihe  general  re-exportation  of  American 
produce  from  tl'iis  country  to  all  oilier  parts  of  the 
world,  an  advantage  equal  totiiat  enjoyed  by  British 
ships,  and  that  this  privilege  went  beyond  the  ge- 
neral principle  of  an  article  vvhicli  was  confined  to 
tlie  trade  between  the  two  coinitries  respectively. 
They  expressed  a  wish  to  receive  from  the  Ameri- 
can plenipotentiaries,  a  more  precise  explanation  of 
their  views  upon  this  point. 


42      IsILSS   WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  13,  iSlfi. 


Upon  tlic  sccoixl  point  referred  to  in  the  note  of 

"Cie   American  plenipntcntiarie!?,   tlie  undersigTicd 

expressed  their  readiness  to  agree  to  a  clause,  tvliicli 

•sho'.dr.   ccntain  the  Ir.'tcr  r.licmative  suggested  by 

the  Vsiiericavi  plenipotentiaries. 

Upon  the  third  article  relating  to  the  intercourse 
"between  Canada  and  the  U.  Stales,  the  undersigned 
«iisclainaed  wiv  intention  of  obtaining,  by  any  inter- 
pretation of  the  words  of  tlie  article,  as  they  liad 
proposed  it,  a  right  to  an  intercourse  with  tiie  In- 
ilians  residing  witliln  the  acknowledged  limits  of 
'  the  U.  States,  which  the  American  plenipoientiaries. 
had  already  stated,  that  their  instructions  forbade 
them  to  concede.  And  they  exprer,.sed  their  readi- 
ness to  agree  to  the  insertion  of  sucii  words  as 
would  clear  up  any  doubt  v.'hich  might  exist  upon 
tlie  subject. 

As  to  tiie  navigation  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  as 
far  as  Montreal,  and  that  of  the  waters  flowing  from 
lakeOhamplain  to  that  river,  the  undersigned  staled 
tliemselves  not  to  be  authorised  to  stipulate  the 
conceesion  of  that  indulgence  in  the  way  proposed 
liv  the  America;!  plenipotentiaries.  The  un<lersign- 
td  likewise  stated  their  objections  to  extending  ar- 
ticle 5  beyond  the  intercourse  between  tl'.e  Uniled 
Stitcs  and  his  Britannic  majest}-'s  dominions  in  Eu- 
rope. 

In  regard  to  the  two  separate  articles  of  tlic  con- 
trc  projet,  the  undersigned  stated   that  they  hud  no! 
mithority  to  g.-an"  !h.e  first,  unless  accompanied  by  a' 
iimitarion  in  point  of  time;  and  whe.nthe  American 
plenipotentiaries  proposed,   as  a  substitute  for  tliat  I 
article,  or.e  which  should  give  the  Uiiited  States  ibe' 
same  privileges  as    the  most  favored  European   na- ; 
tio;i3  in  their  intercourse  with  the   Britisli  posses- j 
:£ions  in  thai  quar^tcr,  the  undersigned,  wliilst  they 
^.dmitted  tiiat  in  some  respects  it  stood  upon  differ- 
ent grounds  from  an  article  which  should  grant  the 
indirect  voyage  to  the  East  Indies,  without  any  equi- 
valent or  limitation  in  point  of  time,   did  not  ieel 
themselves  authorised  to  liold  out  any  expectation 
that  this  new  suggestion  would  be  acceded  to   by 
Ci.  Britain. 

The  undersie:ned  request  the  American  plenipo- 
tentiaries to  accept  the  assurances  o.  their  high 
consideration. 

F.  ROBINSON, 
Itl.NRY  ROULBURN", 
WILLIAM  ADAMS. 

(5) 

vidditional  cUrisr  pmposcd  hij  Bur  commiasionevs  to  the 

2il  ariiclii  of  the  contre projet. 
Second  sketch  of  article  for  equalizing  duties. 
,  The  same  duties  .shall  be  paid  on  the  impoi-tations 
in  the  ports  of  any  of  his  Britannic  majesty's  terri- 
tories in  Europe,  of  aiiy  articles,  the  growth,  pro- 
duce  or  mannf.iCture  of  the  U.  States,  and  the  same 
drawbacks  siialL  be  allowed  on  the  le-exportation 
tlicreof,  whether  such  importation  sliall  be  in  ves- 
sels of  the  U.  States  or  in  Britis!>  vessels,  and  t!ie 
same  duties  siiali  be  paid  on  the  importation  in  the 
U.  States  of  any  articles  the  growth,  produce  or  ma- 
nufacture of  !us  Britannic  majesty's  territories  in 
rAiro])e,  and  the  same  draw'jacks  shall  be  allowed 
cm  the  re-ex])ortation  tlierco;',  wlicther  such  import- 
ation sh:dl  be  in  vessels  of  the  U  Slates  or  in  Bri- 
tish vessels.  The  same  duties  shall  be  paid  and  the 
same  bounties  allowed  on  the  exportation  of  any  ar- 
ticles the  growth,  produce  or  manufacture  of  tlie 
U.  States,  to  ids  Britannic  majesty's  territories  in 
Europe,  v.jiether  such  exportation  slrdl  be  i'.i  ves- 
sels of  tJie  U.  States  or  in  British  vessels,  and  tlie 
same  duties  shall  be  paid,  and  the  same  boun'ies  al- 
lowed on  the  exportadon  of  any  articles,  the  growtli, 
•f'rC'l"^"  •^  i^A  .-,.•'■.  ^ '-.,.. ^  ^r  (lie;  r;i-iJ-Tnn3''  inajestv's 


territories  in  Europe  to  tlie  U.  States,  whether  suqU 
exportation  shall  be  in  vessels  of  the  U.  States  or  in 
British  vessels. 

(6) 

Tlie  ^imerlcan  to  the  British  plempotentianes. 
Ilarley-street,  Jtme  21st,  1S15. 
The  undersigned  have  tlie  honor  *o  acknowledge 
the  receipt  of  the  note  of  the  British  plenipoteniia- 
rics,  dated  the  20th  inst.  communlcaing  the  sub* 
sUmce  of  tlie  observations  which  they  had  m.ide  in 
the  conference  of  the  19th,  upon  the  different  points 
referred  to  in  the  note  of  the  undersigned  of  the  17th 
inst. 

Theviews  of  the  undersigned  with  respect  to  the 
second  article  bc'-ig  precisely  the  same  with  those 
stated  by  the  P.ri'ish  plenipotentiaries,  there  v.ill 
be  no  dilTicultv  in  framing  a  clause  embracing  the 
obiects  contemplated  by  both  parties,  and  which 
shall  be  free  from  ambiguit)^ 

Tlie  cspl.mation  given  by  the  British  plenipoten- 
tiaries upon  tiiat  part  of  the  third  article  which  the 
undersigned  apprelicnded  might  be  liable  to  a  con- 
strue! ion  in  reference  to  tlie  Indian  trade,  not  in- 
tended by  either  party,  is  perfectly  satisfactory- 
But  tjicy  regret  that  the)-  cannot  accede  to  the  al- 
terations proposed  in  otlicr  respects  by  the  Briti.^h 
plenipotentiaries  to  the  article  which  had  been  of- 
fered by  the  undersigned,  particularly  as  they  af- 
fect the  privilege  of  inland  navigation  by  the  river 
St.  Lawrence  and  by  tiie  v.'aters  flowing-  from  lake 
Champlain,  nor  have  they  found  it  practlc;ible  to 
fi-ame  any  article  compatible  -^ith  the  different 
views  entertained  by  the  two  parties  regpec'ing  vhe 
intercourse  between  the  U.  States  and  Canada.  Tney 
tnerefore  recur  to  tlie  proposal  made  in  their  note 
()f  the  17th  inst.  to  omit  that  wticle  altogether,  that 
proposal  not  havin?;  been  noticed  in  the  note  of  the 
British  plcniix)-cntiarics  of  the  20th  inst. 

They  make  the  s  me  offer  as  to  the  5th  article  of 
the  contre  projet. 

And  thiixllv,  they  r.ereby  renew  tlie  proposal  made 
verbilly  in  the  conference  oi  tiie  19th  inst.  to  sub- 
stitute for  the  two  separate  articles,  one  placing  the 
U.  States  in  their  intercourse  with  the  British  pos- 
sessions  in  India,  on  the  footing  of  the  most  favored 
European  nation. 

Tiic  undersigned  request  to  be  made  acquainted 
with  the  determination  of"  tiie  British  plenipotea- 
liarics  on  those  three  propositions. 

The  undersigned  tender  again  to  the  British  ple- 
nipotentiaries assurances  of  their  distingaislied  con» 
sideration. 

(Signed)  JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS, 

EENRY  CLAY, 
ALBERT  GALLATIN. 
The  rl.  lion.  F.Robinson,  Henry 

Goulburn,  e^q.  and  Ur.  William  Adams. 

TAf  Briiiah  to  the  .imerican  Plenipotevtiaries. 
Board  orTivde,  June  S3d,  1815. 
Tjie  undersigned  nave  the  honor  to  acknowledge 
the  receipt  of  the  note  of  the  American  pitnipoten- 
tiaries  of  the  21st  inst.  and  are  happy  to  find  tliat 
no  difRculty  exists  on  cither  side  to  the  second  ar- 
tic  e. — Upon  t!ic  subject  of  the  tiiird  article,  the 
undersigned  regret  to  learn  that  tiie  AmCiicaiiplcni- 
potenduries  have  not  found  it  practicable  to  frame 
any  .article  com.patible  with  the  different  views  em- 
crtaincd  bvthe  two  parties  respecung  the  inter- 
conrse  between  Canada  and  the  Uni-^cd  States:  Aod 
as  the  undersigned  are  equally  unable  to  accede  to 
the  proposition  made  on  the  part  of  the  Uaiyed 
States  respecting  die  navigation  of  waters  lying 
e.^ehisively  within  the  territories  of  his  Britannic 
mT^estv,  thev  accede  to  tiie  m-onoyal  ofomi!  tang  the 


MLE5'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— BRITISH  TREATY. 


■!)!tic1e  sutogrether.     They  have  -Am  no  ebjection  to 
■the  omission  of  the  fit'Lh  ai-ticlc. 
'    Iiiregij\l  10  tlje  \i-..de  wilh  tlie   Briiish  East-in- 
dies, tlic  undersijnevl  ..re  not  aiithoriscJ  to    substi- 
tute lor  i;ie  t\vo"sepiu-ate  iirticles  wiiicii  tliey   had 

proposed,  one  Ti-:,ich  sliall  put  tJie  intercourse  of  tlie  I  cwven+ion  for  the  sok-  pui  pose  of  abolishing  all  dis- 
<;.  States  in   tbat  quarter  upon  the  footiiig' of  the  criirsiuatliij'r  duties  on  American  and  Rritis:;  vcs-^cls 


tinries  of  the  2it])  insl.  v^  v.-iiic'i  they  offer  to  z\  p 
.t  cnnvention,  embracinj^  the  second'article  entire 
•i.ud  tiie  first  separate  :.vticle;  the  rs'iole  c^uvention 
to  be  limited  to  the  term  of  ibur  years  from  tlic  d;':te 
of  thecxchung'e  of  the  raliiicatioii,  or  to  acree  to  a 


raost  favored  Europetiin  nation,  inasraucii  as  it  would 
h.ive  the  practical  effect  of  grautiufr,  in  aiwther 
sliape,  'hut  >vaich  the  undersifrned  are  instructed  to 
withhold,  unless  accom;ianied  by  a  g'reater  Umita- 
1  ion  of  time  tJian  they  woald  think  it  expedient  to 
:ip;)lv  to  uther  arranj;-emeuts  of  the  treaty.  If,  Umv- 
ccrj  the  American  plenipotentiaries  e.dhere  to  their 
ot))ection  to  the  substance  of  the  two  separate  arti- 
cles as  projjosed  on  tiu*  part  of  Orcat  i?ricain,  the 
undersig-;ied  are  ready  to  omit  a'.tog-ethcr  any  arti- 
cle upon  t'le  subject  of  the  East-Indies. 

The  ur.dei'sifjned  are  nevertheless  disposed  to 
consider  the  arrang'ements  of  the  second  article  (as 
ru^reed  upon,  or  understood)  to  be  of  sufFiclcnt  im- 
portance to  the  mutual  intej-ests  of  Great  Britain 
and  the  Uniteil  St;itts,  pai'-icularly  in  the  common 
objeccof  .securinj^  a  free  commercial  intercour;e 
beiween  tl;e  two  counta'ics,  to  induce  tliem  readily 
to  sign  a  treaty  or  convention  for  that  single  pur- 
pose, independent  of  the  other  points  to  whicli  the 
nej^ociauon  iiis  referred 

The  undersiirned  areliappy  upon  this  occasion  to 
re,ne.v  to  the  American  plenipoienLiaries  the  assur- 
ance 01  their  high  consideration. 

F.  IU>HI\'SON, 
WILLIAM  ADAMS. 

C8.) 


TA«  American  to  the  British  Plenipotcritiaries. 
Harie;. -sti-eet,  .lune  'iUh,  1S1:>. 
The  undersij^ned  h  »ve  tiie  uoi'.or  to  acknowiedg^e 
.^jc  receipt  of  theno.e  of  the  British  plenipoieniia- 
i:ies  cfihe  23d  inst.   cxpressine;' their  assent  to    the 
propo3.il  of  omitting  tlie  3d  and   5tli  article  of  tne 
c,ontre  projit.       To   tiie   proposal   of  omitting   also 
altogetiicr  any  article  upon  t.'ie  subject  of  il'.e  ria-.t 
Jndie-i,  and  cf  si^niu!^  a;i  arrangement,  embraci;ig  all 
the  ]}rovisions  contained  in  the  second  article,  *he 
landers igned  do. not  feel  tlicmaelves  authorised  to  ac- 
cede.   IJui  they  offer  to  sign  a  convention,  cmbrac- 1  date.     The  undersigned,   in  makinir  th 
?jig  that  article  entire,   and  the  first  separate  article, 


rtU'l  their  cargoes,  in  the  intercour.^e  between  1  iie 
United  States  and  t'se  British  territories  in  Eurcp;?,  ' 
o-nitting  all  the  other  provisions  contained  in  the 
same  article,  and  whicli  had  for  object,  .o  place  tiie 
tv,-D  countries  respectively  on  the  footing  cf  tlic 
most  favored  nation. 

As  neither  of  these  proposals  were  contemplated 
in  the  r.Kitr-ictions  v.'ith'  which  the  iirderbigned 
v.-ere  originally  fnnii.slied,  .ind  which  were  f,.iined 
with  a  vie*  lo  a  less  limited  arrangement,  tliev  have 
felt  the^nselves  under  the  ncressi'v  of  referring  thG 
Ia.st  note  of  tlve  American  p!en;potenti;iries  (o  llie 
consideration  q?  tlieir  governmeiit,  and  v.'iil  not  fail 
to  communicate  tiie  result  of  that  reference  as  soon 
;us  tliey  shall  be  enabled  to  do  so. 

Tiie  undersigne  I  are  happy  to  avail  tiiemselves  o-f 
tliisoj-porlunity  of  renewing  to  the  Ameiican  pleni- 
potentiaries tlie  assurances  of  their  high  considera- 
tion. 

F.  r:OBl^^soN, 

HI-.TxRY    GOUf.BUTlX, 
WrLLIA:^!  ADAMS. 
The  Amei'ican  Plenipotentiaries. 

/lO) 
Tlw  Ftritish  io  tii<i  American  Pleni/tofefifiarlifft. 
JSoa!-d  of  Trade,  June  29,  1815. 
In  reference  to  the  note  wiiicii  the   undersigned 
had  the  honor  to  address  to  tiie  American   plenip'!- 
tcntiarie?,  on  the  2Stliinst.  thevarc  nov.-  ini'vrncted 
to  acquaint  them  that  the  !Ui;ish  government  is  rea- 
dy to  agi-ee  to  a  convention  thr   ibur  ye.ars,  (to   he 
calculated  from  the  date  of  it.s  signature,)  whiclj 
shaii  contain  the  wliole  of  tlie  second  article,  ns  nr«- 
l)osed  !)y  the  undersigned,  aiul  as  cx))lained  and  mu- 
tually agreed  upon  in  tlicir  several  conferences,  and 
also  the  first   separate  article,   relating- to  ihe  East- 
Indies,   as  proposed  on  the  part  of  Great-Britain 
tiie  latter  article  also  to  be  in  force  from  the  same 


the  whole  of  v.'hich  comention  s'.udl  be  limittcd  to 
tjie  term  of  four  years  from  the  date  of  the  exciiange 
of  the  ratiiications,  or  they  will  agree  to  a  conven- 
tion for  the  sole  purpose  of  abolishing  all  discrimi-" 
plating  duties  on  Am.erican  and  British  vessels,  and 
tiieir  cargoes,  in  the  in'ercourse  between  tliC  United 
§tates  and  his  Britannic  majesty's  territories  in  iiu- 
rope,  in  the  manner  contemplated  by  tlie  2d  article, 
ifts  explained  and  mutually  agreed  on  in  the  con- 
ferences on  that  subject,  omitting  all  tlie  other  pro- 
visions contained  in  the  same  ailicle,  and  which  liad 
for  object,  to  place  the  two  couiilries  respectively 
9TV  the  footing  of  the  most  favored  nation. 

The  undei-aigned  request  tlie  British  plenipoten- 
tiaries to  accept  tlie  assurances  of  their  distinguish- 
•^  consideration. 

'  JOrrx  QUINCY  ADAM.S, 

HENllY  CLAY, 
ALBERT  GALLATI    . 
■QTIie  right  hon.  F.  I.  Robinson, 

II.  Goulborn,  esq.  and  Dr.  V/m.  Adams. 

(9) 


cation  to  the  American  plcv.ipotcntiaries 


The  British  to  the  American  Plenipotentiaries. 

Board  of  Trade,  Iune2Gth,  1S16 
Titeundei-signed  have  the   Jionorto  acknowledge, 
|J^<^eipt  .of  the  R-jte  qt'  the  Aiu.eri(;ao  pjenipoJlquJ; 


s  communi- 
feel  it  to 
be  their  duty  to  state,  i,i  tlie  most  explicit  manner, 
that  although  in  tiie  earnest  desire  of  promoting  a 
good  understantUng  between  tlie  tv.o  countries,  tiie 
Briti.sh  government  lias,  at  the  present  time,  forborne 
»o  insist  on  making  in  tiie  body  of  the  treaty  any 
marked  distinction  between  its  concessions  in  I'e- 
gard  to  the  East-Indies  .'md.  its  oti-er  conccssi'ins  f  ,t 
which  a  stipulated  equivalent  Isobtaine.l,  vet  that  it 
still  considers  itselfas  granting  lothe.  United  States 
a  privilege  in  regard  to  the  i:.ist-Ir-:ics,  for  which 
it  is  entitled  to  require  an  equivalent ;  and  the  un- 
dor.'^igned  must  tiierefore  I:e  distinctly  under.stod 
as  rcjerving  to  iiia  majesty's  g.)vernme:it  in  any  fu- 
ture i:egociatlons  the  clear  right  either  of  with- 
holding tills  privilege  altogether,  after  tiie  expirc- 
tiono{  four  years,  or  of  rcne-.ving  the  grant  of  it  for 
such  equivalents,  or  subject  to  sucii  n;odirica;iims 
as  expediency  m.ay  seem  to  require  .at  the  time  of 
such  future  negociations. 

The  undersigned  request  to  luive  the  icviorof  see- 
ing tiie  American  plenipotentiaries  on  Friday  next, 
the  30tli  instant,  at  2  o'clock,  at  t!ie  Board  of  Trade, 
and  avail  themselvss  of  this  opportunitv  of  agai.i 
oiferingthc  assm-ances  of  their  iiiirli   cnn.'sideration'. 

F.  iior.ixsox, 

HF.XRY  GOULBTRX; 
AVILLIAM  ADA.AIS. 


^li      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTKR— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  12^,  ISU. 


(11) 

The  American  to  the  British  Plenipotentiaries. 

Ilarley-Straet,  June 30,  1815. 

The  undersigned  liave  had  the  honor  to  receive 
the  note  nf  the  British  plaiipotentiaries  dtted  the 
29th  inst.  and  staiinsf  the  lerms  on  which  their  gov 
«rnment  is  reaflv  to  agree  to  a  convenUonon  the  sub- 
jeci  of 'he  commercial  intercourse  between  the  Uni- 
ted States  and  Great-Britain. 

The  undersigiied  havculready,  in  the  conferenqes 
Xi-hich  they  had  tlie  honor  to  hold  wi  h  the  British 
plenipotenti;a-ie^,  expressed  their  opinion  that  th-e 
proposed  convention  taken  altogether,  was  founded 
on  principles  of  reciprocity,  was  eq'aally  advaiita- 
geous  to  both  parties,  and  contained  in  itself  a  fair 
equivalent  for  every  presumed  concession  made  by 
cither  party. — But  both  governments  will  undoabi- 
edly  have  a  clear  right  after  the  expiration  of  four 
years  of  refusing  to  renew  or  of  subjecting  to  modi- 
iications  any  of  the  stipulations  now  agreed  on 
which  may  appear  to  eitiier  prirty  injurious,  or  re- 
quiring some  further  equivilent.  The  same  earn- 
est desire  of  promoting  a  good  understauding  be- 
tween the  two  countries  which  has  been  expi-ess€d 
en  the  p.art  of  Great  Britain  has  induced  the  under- 
signed to  agree  to  a  convenlion  more  limited  both  as 
to  its  objects  and  d-.iratjon  than  they  bad  contr  ».ipla- 
ted,  with  a  hope  tluit  in  'he mean  time  its  deficien- 
cies mav  be  supplied  and  such  other  provisi.-^ins  may 
be  adopted  as  will  conduce  to  mutual  convenience 
and  tend  to  strengthen  the  relations  of  amity  and 
friendship  happily  restored  between  the  two  coun- 
tries. 

The  undersigned  will  have  the  honor  to  meet  the 
British  plenipotcntiarie.'- tills  day  and  feel  pleasure 
in  renewing  the  assurances  of  their  liigh  considera- 
tion. 

irOHN  QUIXCY  ADAMS, 
II.  CLAY, 

ALBEilT  GALLATIN. 
Thert  hon.  F.  ,T.  l?')binson, 

H.  Goulburn,  esq.  and  Dr.  Wm.  Adams. 

The  undersigned,  his  Britannic  Majesty's  eJinrge 
d'affaires  in  the  Uni  ed  St;ites,  has  the  ho'vor  to  ac- 
quaint the  American  Secretary  of  State,  tor  the  in- 
formation of  tht  President,  that  he  has  received  his 
lloval  Highness  the  Prince  Regent's  ratification,  in 
the  name,  and  on  thebehaliof  liis  Majesty,  of  the 
commercial  convcn'ion  berween  the  two  countries, 
signed  at  London,  on  tlie  3d  of  last  July,  and  that  be 
has  been  authorized,  and  is  ready,  to  proceed  to  the 
exchange,  whenever  the  ratification  on  the  part  of 
tlie  United  States  shall  have  taken  place. 

In  communlc  iting  tliis  intelligence,  the  under- 
signed has  received  the  Prince  Regent's  commands, 
at  the  same  time,  to  ti-ansmit  to  the  government  of 
the  United  States  tlie  accompanying  declaration,  ex- 
planatory of  tlie  intentions  of  his  .Majesty's  g-overn- 
inenl,  in  so  far  as  regards  tlie  intercourse  of  vessels 
belonging  to  the  United  States  with  the  Island  of 
Ht.  Helena;  the  existing  circumstances  of  liie  world 
having  rendered  it  necessary  that  that  island  should 
for  the  present,  be  excepted  from  the  ports  of  re- 
freshment enumerated  in  the  third  article  of  the  said 
convention. 

Tlie  underjigned  avails  himself  of  this  opportuni- 
ty of  rcqueiling  the  American  Secretary  of  State  to 
accept  tlie  assurance  of  his  high  consideration. 
(Signed) 

AXTIIONY  St.  JXO.  BAKER. 

[ITere  follows  the  declaration  annexed  to  the  rati- 
feed  treaty,  as  published  alreaily.] 


Indian  Treaties. 

JA.MSS  MADISON, 

PHESIDF.T'TT  OF  T!IE  UXITEI)  ST '.TES  OF  AXEttlCi^ 

To  all  and  singular  to  -vkom  these  presents  shall  coivf^ 

greeting  : 

WnEiiEAs  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship  be 

tween  the  United  States  of  .\me'-ic3  and  the  Klcka- 
poo  tribe  or  nation  of  Indians,  was  conchuled  and 
signed  at  Portage  des  Sioux  on  the  second  day  of 
ScpLcmber,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen, 
bv  commi-^sioners  on  the  p>irt  of  tlie  said  Uniicd 
States,  and  certain  chiefs,  warriors,  and  deputies  of 
the  said  tribe  or  nation  of  Indians,  on  the  part  of  the 
said  tribe  or  nation,  which  treaty  is  in  the  words 
following,  to  wit : 

A  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship,  made  and  cotv 
eluded  between  William  Clark,  Nmian  Edwards^ 
and  A'lguste  Chouteau,  commissionei's  plenipoten- 
tiary of  the  United  States  of  America,  on  the  part 
and'  behalf  of  the  said  states,  of  the  one  part;  and  the 
undersigned  chiefs,  warriors,  and  deputies  of  the 
Kickapoo  tribe  or  nati*3n,  on  the  part  and  behalf  of 
the  said  tribe  or  nation,  of  the  other  part. 

Tlie  parties   being   desirous    of   re-establish  in  j' 
pe.ice  and  friendship  between  the  United  States  and 
the  said  tribe  or  nation,  and  of  beuig  placed  in  all ' 
things  and  in   every  respect  on  the  same  footing 
upon  which  they  stood  before  the  war;  have  agreed 
i&  the  following  lU'licles: 

Article  the  frst. — Every  injury  or  act  of  hostility 
by  one  or  either  of  the  coutrading  parties  towards 
the  olher,  shall  be  mutually  forgiven  and  forgot. 

Article  the  second. — There  shall  be  perpetual  peac^ 
and  fiien.dship  between  all  the  citizens  of  the  Uni-, 
ted  States  of  America,  and  :dl  the  individuals  com: 
posing  the  said  Kickapoo  tribe  or  nation. 

Article  tlie  third. — Tlie  contracting  parlies  do 
iiereby  agi-ee,  promise,  and  oblige  theuisclvcs,  re- 
ciprocally, to  deliver  up  all  the  prisoners  now  in 
their  harids  (by  what  means  soever  the  same  may 
have  come  into  their  possession)  to  the  officer  com- 
manding at  fort  Clark,  on  the  Illinois  river,  to  be 
by  him  restored  to  their  respective  nations  as  soon 
as  it  may  be  practicable. 

Article  the  fourth. — The  contracting  parties,  in  the 
sincerity  of  mutual  fiiendship,  recognize,  rt-estabt 
lish,  and  confirm  all  and  every  treaty,  contract,  and 
agreement,  heretofore  concluded  between  the  Uni- 
ted States  and  tlie  Kickapoo  tribe  or  nation. 

Jn  witness  whereof,  the  said  ^ViUiam  Clark, 
Ninian  Edwards,  and  Auguste  Chouteau,  com- 
missioners as  aforesaid,  and  the  chiefs,  war- 
riors, and  deputies  of  tlie  said  tribe,  have  here- 
unto subscribed  their  names  and  affixed  theif 
?eals  this  second  day  of  September,  in  the  j  ear 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
fif  ..een,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  UniteA 
States  the  fortieth. 

WM.  CLARK, 
ISTNIAN  EDWARDS, 
AUG'TE  CHOU'lEAU. 
Pauwoatam,  (by  his  representative  Kenepaso  or  the 

Bond  Prisoner,)  his    X  mark. 
Kiteta,  (or  Otter,)  his     y^  mark. 
Kc-ne])aso,  (or  tlie  Bond  l-'risoner.)  his  ^    marfc( 
Tejjpema,  (or  Persuader)  his  ><    mark. 
Cokccambaut,  (or  Elk  looking  back,)  Ids    X  mark. 
Peywaynequa,  (or  Bear,)  his    fi><  mark. 
Wcttassa,  (or  Bi-avc,)  his    ^  uiark. 
Wcywaychecawbout,  (or  McLier,)  his  p>f,    mark- 
.Vutuppehaw,  (or  .Mover,)   his    ^  n:ark. 
Wcsheown,  (or  Dirtyf^ce,)  his  X    mai-k. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— INDIAN  TREATIES. 


'    Bone  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  in  the  presence  of 

A.  W'^ash,  secretary  to  the  commission. 

T.  A    Smith,  B.  G.  U.  S.  A. 

Dl   Bissel!,  Br.  Gen. 

■Stephen  Bvrd,  Col.  M.  IS"; 

H.  Paiil,  C.  C.  T. 

A.  M'Xair.   Dep.  Inspr. 

Thom.as  Forsytii,  I.  AgeKt. 

Pierre  .Menard,  1.  Agent. 

Jno.  W.  J-jjinson,  U.  S.  Factor  and  I,  Agent, 

Matuice  iilondcaux. 

Sainl.  SoiOiTion,  InlO'pr. 

Sa'.l.  Brady,  iieuten;uit  8th  U.  S.  infantry.. 

Joseph  C.  Brown, 

H.  B.ictu. 

Sauii.  Whiteside;  capt.  111.  militia. 

.    Xow,  therefore,  he  it  known,  that  I^  James  JNIa- 

dison,  president  of  the  United  States  of  America, 

having  seen  and  considered  the  said  treaty,  have, 

by  and  witii  the  ad\'ice  and  consent  of  tlie  senate, 

accepted,    ratified,  and  confirmed  the  same,    and 

every  clause  and  article  thereof 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  caused  the  seal'  of 
ti.e  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  and 
have  signed  tlie  same  with  my  hand.  Done  at 
the  city  of  Washington  this  tv.-enty-sixth  day 
of  December,  A.  D.  one  thousand  eiglit  him- 
"■  drcd  and  fifteen,  and  of  tlie  independence  of 

the  United  States  tiie  fortieth. 

JAMES  MADISOX. 
By  tlie  president : 

J  AS    MO'SROE,  secretary  of  slate. 

JAMES  MADISOX, 

PKESIDENT  OF  TUE   CXITED   STATKS  OF  AMERICA, 

'  Tc  all  and  singular  to  xohom  these  presents  shall  come 
greeting  : 

WriEUKAs  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship  be- 
*v,'t  en  the  United  States  of  America,  and  the  law.av 
tu'<e  or  nation  of  Indians,  was  conciuded  and  signed 
at  I'ortage  des  Sioux,  on  the  sixteentli  day  of  .Stp- 
tcmber,  one  thou.sa;id  eight  hu;idred  and  fif  een,  b^ 
CO  Miiiissioners  on  die  part  of  the  said  United  St<iles, 
una  "i^e  king  and  certain  cliiefs  and  warriors  of  tlie 
8;-id  vribe  or  n;.ti()n  of  Lutian.s,.on  behalf  of  said  tribe 
o  n.-.tion  o!"  Indians,  which  treaty  is  in  the  words 
fbiiowi.ig,  to  wit : 

A  tre..ty  of  peace  and  friendship,  made  and  con- 
cluded between  William  Clark,  \inian  Edwards, 
and  .\'iguste  Chouie  u.  Commissioners  Plenipotenii- 
ary  of  Ci.e  United  States  of  America,  on  tlie  part  and 
behalf  of  the  said  states,  of  the  one  pai't;  ;md  Jie 
unaersigiied,  king,  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  LiWay 
tribe  or  nation,  on  the  part  and  behalf  of  the  said 
tribe  or  nation,  of  ihe  other  part. 

The  parties  being  dcsu'ous  of  re-establishing- 
peace  and  f  iendship  between  the  United  States, 
and  the  said  tribe  or  Uittion,  and  of  being  placed 
in  .ill  things  and  in  every  respect,  on  the  same  foot- 
ing upon  which  tiiey  stood  bctore  the  v.ar,  have 
agreed  to  the  following  articles. 

Article  the  first. — Every  injury  or  act  of  hostility, 
by  oie  or  eiilier  of  the  contracting  parties  L.g.,inst 
the  other,  sliall  be  mutually  f(jrgi\en  and  forgot. 

Article  th-e  secoi^d. — There  shall  be  perpetual 
peace  and  friendship,  between  ail  the  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  and  all  the  indiviitials  composing 
the  s.dd  laway  tribe  or  nation. 

Article  the  third. — Tiie  contracting  parties  da 
hereby  agree,  promise  and  oblige  tiiemselves,  re- 
oipri)cally,  to  deliver  up  all  the  prisonei's  now  in 
their  h;inds,  (by  wliat  means  soever  tl  e  same  may 
have  come  into  their  possession,)  to  the  officer  coni- 
mimding  at  S*.  L6ui'3,-to  be  by  him  reatorcd  to  tht- 


respective  nations,  as  soon  as  it  may  be  practicable- 
Article  the  fourth. — The   contracting  parties,   in 

the   sincerity   of  mutual  friendship,  recognize,  re- 

estiibiish  and  confirm,  all  and  every  treaty,  conti-act 

and  agreement,  heretofore  corickided  between  the 

United  States,  iuid  the  said  laway  tribe  or  nation. 
In  uimess  whereof,  tlie  said  William  Clark,  Ni- 
nian  Edwards,  and  Auguste  Chouteau,  com- 
missioners as  aforescdd,  and  tlie  aforesaid 
king.  Chiefs  fmd  warriors,  have  hereunto  sub- 
scribed tiieir  names  and  affixed  their  seals, 
this  sixteenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eiglit  Imndred  and 
fifieen,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United- 
States  the  fortieth. 

WM.  CLARK, 
NIMAX  EDWARDS, 
AUG'TE  ClIOUTEAL^ 

Wyingwaha,  (or  Hard-heart)  his  ^  mark. 

Wongehehronync,  (or  Big  Cliief)  Ids   ^  raarkv 

Wonehee,  (or  the  Slave,)  ids  ^  mark. 

Hahraga,  (the   Forked-horn)  !us  ^  mark. 

Eniswahanee,  (the  Big  Axe.)  Ids   )/i,  niiu-k. 

Wasiiconimanee,  (the  great  Marcher,)  his    ^  mark> 

Wyimppishcoonee,  (tlie  ill-humored  man)  his  {/< 
mark. 

Ilanoingga,  (tlie  Little  Pipe,)  his  ^  mark, 

Wohomppce  (the  Broth)  his  ><*  mark. 

Siiongatong,  (the  Horse  Jockey,)  nis  ><*  marlt. 

Nah()cheinumgg;i,  (without  ears,)  his  ^  mark-* 

Corja,  (the  Plumb)  liis   ;x)  mark. 

Chahowhrowpa,  (the  Dew-lap,)  his   ^  mark. 

Manuhanu,  (the  Great  Walker,)  his  ^  mark. 

Chapce,  (the  Pine  Buff.doe,)  his   ^  mark* 

Okugwata,  (the  Roller,)  his   >»J  mark. 

Isktagnisa,  (Grey  Eyes,)  his    ^  mark. 

Done  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  in  the  presence  o'i 

R.  Wash,  Sec'rv  to  the  Commission. 

Dl   Bissel,  Br. "Gen. 

U.  \\m\,  C  C.  T. 

S.anl.  Brady,  Lt. 

Ceo.  Fisiier,  Surgeoii,  Illinois  regt. 

P.  Chouteau,  Agent. 

Jno.  W.  Johnson.  U.  S.  Factor,  and  I.  Agefltr 

Sainl.  Solomon,  Int'pr. 

Al-itii-ice  Ikondeaux, 

Louis  Dorion, 

Denis  Julien, 

T.  M'Culiock,  Capt 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known,  that  !,  James  Ma- 
dison, President  of  the  United  States  of  America, 

ha\ing  seen  and  considered  tiie  said  treaty,  have,  by 

and  with  tlie  udvice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  ac- 

ccpted,  ratified  and  confirmed  tlic  same,  and  cvciy 

clause  and  article  thereof. 

in  lestiniony  whereof,  1  have  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affiitu,  and 
have  sigiied  the  same  with  my  liand.  Done 
at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  twenty-sixtii 

[l.  s.]  da\  of  December,  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  fif  een,  and  of  the  LulependenC"e 
of  tiie  United  States  tlie  fortieth. 

JA.MES  MADISON. 
By  the  President : 

JAS.  MONROE, 

^cretarrj  of  Staijt. 

CONGRESS. 

SE-VATE. 

Thursday,   Jan.  4. — On  motion  of  Mr.  Jtforrcio, 
liesolved,  Tliat   the  committee    on  Military  Af- 
fairs  be    instructed  to  enquire  and  rep«rt  the  ag- 
gregate quantity  of  lands  due  for  boiuities  to  the 

:;o;dicrs  cr.lis'.cJ.  lato  the  c.rp.y  dur!--^:t>,o  Ja'e  t^Vf; 


3i5      NILE3'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  JANUARY  13,  \S\Q. 


and  in  case  it  Ehall  appeal*  tliat  a  cleficiency  exists,  and  vice  prcsider't  of  the  United  St.ates,  caejvstaf*.  ■ 
either  in  tiie  «[uantity  or  quality  of  tiic  lands  aliea-  sliall  be  'iividedby  its  ie^jislature,  into  u'r.uaiber  ^f 
tiy  dtsiprn:-tc'(l  or  appropriated  for  that  purpose,  that  districts,  equal  to  ;i;e  number  of  elec'or.i  to  which 
lihe  said  committee  report  by  bill  or  oiLcrwisc,  thethe  state  may  be  citLtled;  eacli  dis'.vict  shall  cor.- 
pi-ovis.ioris  necessary  for  tlie  full  arid  sijcedy  allot-, tain,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  equal  num!;ers,  v,1iich 
jnent    of  lands  ens^ac-ed  to  be    :n-anted  to  the  said' 


3sl;liers. 

Tuesday,  Jan.  9.     ilr.  Bihb,  from  the  committee 
en  fjreip^n  reiutions,  lo  wiio.n  tlie  subject  was  re- 


ferred, reported  the  f  illo-ving-  bill,  v.'hich  w; 


read 


and  prissed  to  a  second  reuuing 

j.Vi  bill,  concei'ninp;'  the  convention  to  reg^ulate  tlie 

ctinv.nerce  betsveen  the  territories  of  the  United 

States  and  bis  B'  itainuic  msjesty. 

jf/f  it  tiiiacldi!  uii.l  deduredbt/  tite  senate  andhmise 
ef  rcpresejitutiVi's  of  the  United  Stales,  in  congress 
assembliid,  Tliat.  so  nuicii  of  ar.y  act  or  acts  as  is 
contrary  u)  the  provisions  of  the  convention  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  his  Britannic  majesty, 
the  ratifications  whereof  were  mutually  excliangcd, 
the  iwent\-second  day  of  December,  one  Jioiiaand 
tiy'ht  hundred  aod  tif.t  en,  shall  be  deemed,  and  t.;k 
en  to  be  of  no  farce  or  eSlct 

JVedncsdui/,  Jan.  10. — 'i'he  above  bill  was  read  a 
second,  and-,  by  unanimous  consent,  a  third  time, 
passed,  and  sent  to  the  house  of  representatives  ior 
concurrence. 

norsE  or  rei'iixise'Statives. 

Fridaif,  Jan.  5. — M^ny  petitions  were  presented, 
amoi'.^  which  were  a  number  from  manvfaciurers, 
praying"  protection,  &c. 

Mr.  Jennings,  from  the  committee  on  the  subject, 
luiade  a  detailed  report,  acconip^micd  by  a  bill  to 
enable  the  people  of  Indiana  terriiory  to  form  a 
eonstitulion  and  Ktate  government,  and  for  tiie  ad- 
jnission  of  said  territory  ir.to  the  union  as  an  inde- 
pendent state,  on  an  equal  footing"  wiiii  tiie  orig-iaal 
states  ;  v.hich  was  tv.ict  read  and  commi'.ted. 

Slv.  Pickens,  ofX.  C.  roae  to  make  a  motion  on  a 
subject  wliicli  he  luul  for  some  time  considered  of 
jjrcat  importance  to  the  national  ijjiterest.  Altliough 
he  hadhcrctofore  in  vain  pressed  it  on  the  considera- 
tion of  the  house,  he  thourriit  the  euuutic  of  the 
circumstances  of  tjie  iiHtioii,  and  the  harmor.iou.s 
relations  of  political  partie-j,  at  present,  justiiied  the 
liope  that  lie  should  now  meet  "\vitb  Ltttcr  success. 
Tlie  proposition  he  was  about  to  submit  liad  at 
diifcreiit  times  been   supported  by  the  imanimous 


vote  of  both  bri.ncl;es  of  tl 


'■islature  of  Xort) 


Ciroliria;  andunder  the  sanction  of  liiis  respectable 
auti.ority,  he  tliou^'iit  ic  liis  duty  ayain  to  oifer  it  to 
f1io  consideration  of  the  house,  which  he  did  in  tl^e 
Fjllowim.'-  shape : — 


Jlef,Gbced,  by  the  senate  and  house  of  represen- 
tatives (jftlie  United  &\ait--s  lii  conj;Tej;;  asscuiblcd, 
two- thirds  of  both  lioiise.J  concuiaiiig"  therein,  thai 
l!he  foilowing"  amen.dment  to  tiie  cor.stitMtijn  c;f  tliC 
Urfitcd  States,  be  proposed  to  tae  lej^isiaturcs  o.' 
the  several  states,  which,  wlien  latiiled  by  tlic 
legLiilatures  o.*" three-fourths  of  tiie  said  states,  shall 
be  valid  to  aii  iat-.riw  ajid  purposes,  as  a  part  of  the 
Said  conslilutiori  : 

"  i''or  the  purpose  of  chooshig-  representatives  in 
Oje  cong'rcss  of  the  Un.iled  iJtatcs,  each  state  shall  be 
di.-T.ied  by  its  legislature  into  anumber  of  ilisiricts, 
«jf;'-i-.,i  10  me  number  of  representatives  to  v.hich  tlie 
states  may  be  entitled — each  district  shall  contain 
as  nearly  as  may  be  equal  numbers,  whicli  shad 
be  determiaed  by  addin;^  t©  tlie  whole  number  of 
-i'rce  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a 
term  of  years,  and  e.\ciu;linpf  Indiaris  not  taxed, 
tliree-fif.iis  of  all  other  peisons.  In  e:  cii  districi. 
-the  quaii(ie;l  voters  shall  elect    one  rcprebeniativ e. 

"i'ji"  ihapirrpose  cf  eiicosiii!^-  eltCLpr^  oi'presideiVt 


si>all  be  determined  by  addintj  to  tlie  whole  number 
of  tree  persons,  includinp;'  tho.se  bound  to  sen-e  for 
a  term  of  years,  and  excluding-  Indians  not  taxed 
tliree-iif.jis  of  all  otiier  ])erso!is.  District  ])ersons 
quaiiiied  to  vote  f  >r  representatives  in  the  congress 
o:'  tiie  United  States,  s'uali  choose  one  elector.  The 
legislature  of  each  state  shall  have  povv'cr  to  regu* 
late  the  maraier  of  holding-  elections,  and  makiag 
returns  of  tlie  electors.  In  case  all  tlie  electois 
should  not  meet  at  the  time  and  place  appointed  for 
givir.g  tlieir  votes,  a  majority  of  the  electors  met 
shall  iiavepov.xr,  and  fortliwith  proceed  to  supply 
■Jie  vacancy. 

".\.  division  of  tlie  states  into  districts  for  choos- 
ing' representatives  in  tlie  congress  of  tlie  Ignited 
States,  and  into  districts  for  choosing'  electors  of 
president  and  vice-president  of  t!ie  United  Statesj 
shall  take  place  a.':  soon  as  convLiiiently  ma\  be  after  ■ 
each  enumeration  and  apportionment  of  renresew.' 
tativcs." 

The  resolution  was  twice  read  and  referred  to  a 
ci/iiin-ittee  of  the  whole. 

The  house,  according'  to  order,  resumed  tlie  con- 
sideration of  the  bill  to  carry  into  effect  tiic  com- 
mercial convention  with  Great  Britain.  [.\  very 
..iiimated  but  di-piified  debate  has  taken  place  oa 
tins.  "It  turns/'  sr^-s  tlie  A'ntional  TuteUigencfft; 
'•i:ot  so  much  on  the  nierit.'i  of  tlie  treaty,  as  on  the 
necessity  of  legislation  to  caiTy  its  provi.nons  into 
effecc.  Thus,  one  of  the  questions  so  nruch  agitated 
in  the  year  1795,  in  regard  to  Jay's  treaty,  is  reviv- 
ed :  the  two  political  pai-ties  appearing,  though  the 
government  iias  since  changed  hands,  to  maintain 
the  same  doctrines  on  the  subject  of  treaty  stipula,' 
tion,  wl^ich  tliey  then  declared  and  supported."] 
Adjoui-ned  until  Iilonday. 

Monday,  Jan.  8. — ?.Ir.  Pinknen,  from  :Man  land* 
.Mr.  Raiululph,  from  ^'Lginia;  and  Mr.  Llonn't,  from' 
Tennessee,  apj:)eared  and  took  tlieir  seats. 

Many  petiaoiis  wei'c  presented  among  which  were' 
a  ninnber  from  i.ianvfacturcrs. 

Mr.  Jtlurfree  laid  before  tlie  house  tlie  resolution 
of  the  legislature  of  North  Carolina,  requesting  the 
.•senators  and  representatives  in  congress,  from  that 
state,  to  uiie  their  best  endeavors  to  prevail  on  the 
general  government  to  open  a  direct  cutJot  to  the 
ocean  from  the  waters  of  the  Albemarle  sound. 

Mr.  Pleasants,  from  the  committee  appointed  to 
wait  on  die  president  of  the  United  States    with  a 


resolution  requesting  information  from  him  respect-' 
lug  the  transactions  at  D.u'tmoor  prison,  reported,! 
that  tliey  iiad  performed  that   duty,  and  received 
for  answer  that  due  attention  would  be  paid  to  the 

request  of  the  hou.'jc. 

NATIONAL  CUKR3NCY. 
jMr.  Calhoun,  from  the  committee  on  the  Nation- 
al Currency,  reported  a  bill  "to  incorporate  the 
subscribers  to  the  Bank  of  the  United  States  "  Ac- 
companying tlie  bill  was  a  letter  from  liie  Secreta- 
ry of  the  Treasury,  to  vv'hich  was  annexed  the  fol- 
lowing- "Ouvliiip,"  which  we  here  publish,  as  con- 
taining, v.ilii  fev,'  tmesse-.itial  variations,  i»  eorrect 
synopsis  of  the  plan  embraced  by  the  volumino'as  bijl 
rc;>orted  by  the  coiimiitLce: 

OUTLINE   OF    A    PL.V5    lOU    TIIE    XATIOSAL    E.\:VK. 


/.    The  Charier 
1.  To  continue  21  years, 
-i.  'I'o  b^  e'!^c,lu'SJve.. 


oflhs  Jiarfk. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGTSTPll— CONGRESS. 


U^ 


1. 

;|2. 


it.  The  Capital  of  die  Bank. 
To  he  35,000,000,  ai  present. 
To  be  augmented  by  congress  to  50,000,000;  and 
the  addi'uonai  sum  to  be  distributed  among  the 
the  severn.1  states. 

To  be  divitled  into  350,000  sliares  of  100  dollai-s 
each,  on  tiie  cu.pital  of  35,000,000;  and  to  1/e  sub- 
scribed. 
By  the  United  States,  one  fifth, 

"or  70,0a0  sli^res,  7,000,000 

Bv  corporations  imd  individuals, 
"four-fifths,  or  280,000  shai-cs,         28,000,000 


35,000,000 

A  To  be   corapoundetl  of  public  debt,  and  of  gold 
and  silver,  as  to  the  subscriptions  of  corporati- 
ons .-ind  individurUs  in  the  propyri ions 
Of  funded  debt,  three  fourths,  e- 

qual  to  21,000,000 

Of  g-oid  and  silver,  one-fourth, 

equal  to  7,000,000 


28,000,000 
The  subscriptions  of  6  per  cent,  stock  to  be  at  par. 
The    subscriptions  of  3  per  cent,  stock  to  be  at 

56  per  cent. 
The    subscriptions  of  7  per  cent,  stock  to  be  at 
106  51  per  cent. 
5*.  The  subscriptions   in  public   debt  may  be  dis- 
cliarged  at  pleasure  by  the  government,  at  the 
rate  at  wiiich  it  is  subscribed, 
$;  The  subscriptions  of  corporations  or  indi'\iduals 
to  be  payable  by  instalments, 
(1)   S/fcff/e  at  subscribi.ig'. 

On  each  siiare  5  dolls.  1,400,000 

At  6  montlis  5  doils.  I,400,0u0 

At  12  months  5  dolls.  1,400,000 

At  18  months  10  dolls.  2,800,000 


(2)  Public  debt,  at  subscribing-, 
Biicli  share  25  dolls. 
At  6  months  25  dolls. 
At  12  montlis  25  dolls. 


7,000,000 

7,000,000 

7,000,000 
7,000,000 


28.000/JGO 

t.  The  subscriptions  of  the  United  States  to  be  paid 
in  instajmeuts,  not  extendin;^  beyond  a.  period  of 
7  years;  the  first  instalment  to  be  paid  ut  ihe 
time  of  subscribinjy,  and  the  payments  to  be 
made,  at  the  pleasure  of  government,  either 

,    Ja  g-old  or  silver;  or 
In  6  per  cent,  stock,  redeemable  at  the  pleasure 
of  the  government;  or 

:  In  treasury  notes,  not  fundable,  nor  bearing  inte- 
fest  Hor  p'.iyalileat  a  particular  time,  but  receiv- 

•  luble  in  all  payments  to  the  bank,  v.ith  a  rig-lit  on 
the  part  of  the  bank  to  re-issue  tl»e  treasxiry  note^ 
so  paiilfrom  time  to  time,  until  they  are  dibciiarg-- 
ed  by  payments  to  the  government. 

9.  The  bank  shall  "be  at  liberty  to  sell  the  stock 
pwiiou  oi"  its  capital,  to  an  amount  not  exceediiiC' 
in  any  one  year;  but  if  the  sales  are  in- 
tended to  be  effected  in  the  United  States,  notice 
theicof  sliall  be  given  to  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  that  the  commissioners  of  the  sinking 
fund  may,  if  ihey  please,  become  the  purchasers, 
at  the  m.u'ket  price,  not  exceeding  pur. 
J  [I.   The  £-overnnitnit  of  the  bunk. 

3.  The  bank  sliail  be  e:^tab!lshed  at  P.'iiiadelphia, 
with  power  to  erect  branches,  or  to  euiploy  state 

,.  banks  as  ijranches  elsewhere. 

2.  There  sliaii  be  25  directors  for  the  bank  at  Phila- 
delphias  aid  li  for  each  of  the  branches,  v.-here 


branches  arc  erected,  with  the  usual  description 
and  number  of  officers. 

3.  Tlie  president  of  the  United  States,  with  the  ad- 
vice and  consei-.t  of  the  senaie,  shall  annually  ap- 
point five  of  the  directors  of  the  bank  at  Pjiila-" 
delph.ia. 

4.  The  qualified  stockholders  shall  ann'-ally  elect 
20  of  the  directors  of  the  baiik  at  Pliihtdelphia, 
but  a  portion  of  the  directors  shall  be  changed  at 
eveiy  annual  election,  ujjon  the  principle  of  rota-; 
tion. 

5.  Tne  directors  of  the  bank  at  Philadelphia,  shall 
annually,  at  tiieir  first  meeting  after  their  elec- 
tion, choose  one  of  the  five  directors  a])poinied 
by  the  president  and  senate  of  the  United  States 
to  be  president  of  the  b:mk  ;  and  the  president  of 
the  bank  sliall  ahvays  be  rc-cligible  if  re-ap- 
pointed. 

6.  The  directors  of  the  bank  at  Philadelphia,  shall 
annually  appoint  13  directors  for  e;icii  of  the 
branches,  wliere  brandies  are  erected,  and  shall 
transmit  a  list  of  the  person.s  appointed  to  the 
secretaiy  of  the  treasury. 

7.  Tiie  sccretiii-y  of  the  treasury,  v.iUi  tlie  approL-a-' 
tion  of  the  president  of  the  United  States  thull 
annually  designate  from  the  list  of  the  br;ir.ch  di- 
rectors, tlio  person  to  be  president  of  the  respcc* 
tive  brr.ncbes. 

8.  Xone  but  resident  citizens  of  the  United  Stat^s^ 
shall  be  du-ectors  of  tiic  bank,  or  its  brunches. 

9.  The  stockholders  may  vote  for  diieciorsin  person 
or  b}'  proxy  :  but  no  stocldiOlder,  v.  uo  is  not  resi- 
dent-within  tlie  United.  States  at  the  time  of  elec- 
tion shall  vote  by  proxy  ;  nor  shall  any  one  per- 
son vote  as  proxy  a  greater  number  of  votes 
than  he  would  be  entitled  to  vote  in  his  ow;i  right, 
according  to  a  scale  of  voting;  to  be  gi-aduated 
by  the  nunujer  of  shares,  wliicli  tlie  voters  re- 
spectively hold. 

10.  The  bank,  and  its  several  brandies,  or  the  state 
banks,  employed  as  branciies,  sisKlI  furnish  the 
officer  at  t!ie  head  of  the  treasiu-y  department 
with  statements  of  their  officers,  in  such  fornS, 
and  at  sucii  period,  as  shall  be  required. 

IV.  The  privileges  and  duties  of  the  hank. 

1.  The  bank  shall  enjoy  tlie  usual  privileges,  and  be 
subject  to  the  usual  restrictions  of  a  body  corpo- 
rate and  politic,  iiistituted  for  such  purposes,  and 
tlie  forgery  of  its  notes  shall  be  made  penal. 

2.  The  notes ^of  the  barik  shiill  be  receivable  in  all 
piiyments  to  the  United  State?,  unlets  eongiCiis 
shall  hereufcer  oilierwisc  provide  by  law, 

3.  Tlie  bank,  and  its  branches,  and  state  banks,  err.- 
ployed  as  branches,  s'lali  give  tiie  necessary  aid 
and"  facilit)'  to  the  treasury  for  transferring  tlie 
public  funds  from  place  to  place,  and  for  maki:ig 
payments  to  t!;e  piiblic  creditors  ;  williout  ciuirg- 
ing  commissioris,  or  claiming  allowances  on  ac- 
count of  difierences  of  exchange,  iiic. 

V.  The  org-anizatio:i  and  operation  of  i/ie  l/u?!'-:. 

1.  Subscriptions  to  be  opened  with  aa  little  delay  S^ 
])03sll)le,  and  at  as  i'cw  places  as  shall  be  deemed 
just  and  convenie'.it.  The  commissioners  may  be- 
luimed  in  the  act  or  appointed  by  the  jiiesideut. 

2.  T!;e  bank  to  be  organized,  and  commence  its 
operations  in  specie  as  soon  as  the  sum  of  1,4'00,00> 
dollars  Iuud  been  acually  received  fr'jm  tlic  sub- 
scriptions, in  gold  and  silver. 

3.  'I'iiJ  baiik  siuiil  not  at  any  thne  suspend  its  specivi 
ptiyments,  unless  tlie  same  shall  be  previously  au- 
thori-icd  bv  congress,  if  in  ses.-'ioii,  or  by  tiiepi'e- 
sident  of  the  U;ii;ed  Stages,  if  congiess  jje  not  i.i 
sf  sbiou.     }<'.  the  latter  c.ie,  ths  s;!e»;eniijii  ziiilX 


/ 


548»      NILES'  WEEKLY  aRGI;^TEa— SXTUflDVY,  JANUARY  \3,  1816! 


continue  for  six  weeks  after  the  meetini^-  of  con- 

irre.ss,  inul  no  i(>nt;t-r,  uruess  autliorlocd  by  law. 
VJf.  The  I)  on  as  for  the  chur.er  uf  the  hank. 

Tiie  subscribers  shall  pay  a  preniium  to  the  go- 
vernment for  its  cliartcr  Esliuiating  the  profits  of 
the  bank  fri;m  the  probable  advance  in  the  value  of 
its  stock,  and  the  result  of  its  business  wiicn  in  full 
operation,  at  7  per  cent,  a  bonus  of  1,500,000  dol- 
lars, payable  in  equal  instalments  of  two,  tiu-ee  and 
four  years  after  the  bunk  commences  its  operations, 
mi.q-ht,  under  all  ciixumstances,  be  considered  as 
about  4  per  cent,  upon  its  capital,  and  would  con- 
tribute a  reasonable  premium. 

The  bill  received  tvvo  readings  by  its  title,  and 
Was  referred  to  aconunittee  of  the  whole. 

Tiie  house  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  blil 
to  carry  into  efftct  the  commerci.d  convention  witli 
Great  Britain,  and  much  debate, _  &c.  beiji;,'-_  had 
thereon,  an  ;ul)oarnnKr.t  was  had  witliout  a  decision. 

Tnestlny,Jnu.9.  Considerable  busine.^s  is  in  pr-v 
^•ess,  which  will  be  more  particularly  noticed 
hereafter. 

Mr.  Birihr'ye  submitted  for  consideration  the  fol- 
lov/ing  resolution: 

RenQlved,  That  the  committee  of  commerce  and 
manufactures  be  instructed  to  enquire  into  t'le  tx- 
pediency  of  prohibithig  by  law,  all  commercial  in- 
tercoin-s'e  between  the  citizens  and  subjects  of  any 
foreign  power  and  any  of  the  Indians  Vi'ilhin  the 
tcn'itories  of  the  United  States. 

rids  motion  was  opposed  by  Mr.  King  of  Mass. 
^as  well  as  the  reporter  could  hear)  on  the  ground 
that  the  Indians  had  been  recognised  by  us  as  inde- 
pendent ndions,  \vhose  commerce  we  had  no  right 
to  regulate. 

Tlie  motion  was,  however,  agreed  to  by  a  large 
majority. 

The  house,  according  to  the  order  of  the  day,  re- 
sumed the  consideration  oftlie  bill  for  carrying  in- 
to effect  the  convention  of  commerce  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Hritain. 

TiiC  question  being  on  ordering  the  bill  to  be  en- 
grossed for  a  third  reading — 

The  bid  was  advocated  by  Mr.  Gholson,  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph and  Mr.  lle^niolds,  and  opposed  by  Mr.  Har- 
din and  -Mr.  Calhoun,  in  speeches  of  considerable 
'Jtngtii  and  interest. 

'i'hc  question  was  taken  on  ordering  the  bill  to  a 
third  reading,  about  3  o'clock,  and  decided  in  the 
alfirmalive  by  a  majority  ofabout2U  vot^s. 

Wednesdu}!,  Jun.  10.  Mr.  J'teasaiUs,  from  the  na- 
val C(;mmittee,  reported  a  resolution  directing  the 
presentation  to  capt.  Stewart,  and  ii:e  other  officers 
of  the  Constitution,  suitable  meda!?,  m  tesumony 
ef  the  sense  of  congress  of  the  mci'its  of  their  ex- 
ploit, in  the  capture  of  the  Briiish  sloops  of  war 
tyane  and  Levant;  whicli  was  read  and  referred  to 
a  conuuittee  of  tlie  wliole. 

The  engrossed  bill  to  regulate  the  commerce  of 
tlie  United  Slates  according  to  the  convention  of 
connnerce  concluded  with  Great  Britain  on  the  3d 
day  of  July  last,  was  read  the  third  time,  arid  the 
ijuestion  was  stated  "sliall  the  hill  pass?" 

The  pas.-,age  of  tlie  bill  was  advocated  by  Mr. 
Easton,  Mr.  'i'ucker,  and  Mr.  Cuthber!,:md  opijosetl 
by  Mr.  I'inkney;  to  wiiom  Mr.  llandoiph  ripaed. 

Durmg  the  discussion,  the  bill  was  received  fj-om 
the  senate,  which  is  noticed  aboA  e. 

Air.  Forsythe  stated  the  reasons  why  he  hoped, 
Hotwjthstanding  the  receipt  of  the  bill  fiom  the 
at'uate,  that  the  bill  now  before  the  liouse  would 
pass,  as,  according  to  Ills  view,   the  sen.ite  had,  by 

d  t©  evade  tlie  cjuestion 


The  question  was  about  to  be  put,  when  Mr.  Stan- 
ford, having    Intimated  liis  deaire  to  speak  on  tlie" 
question  — 

On  motion,  the  house  adjourned. 

Thursday,  Jan.  11. — Man)-  petitions  were  pre- 
sented and  disposed  of. 

Mr.  Kiii^,  of  N.  C  submitted  for  consideration 
tlie  folk)wing  resolution,  whicli  lies  on  ttie  table 
one  day  f)f  course: 

Resulved,  That  the  rules  of  this  house  be  so 
amended,  that  the  commissioners  of  the  navy  board 
shad  be  admitted  to  seats  within  the  hall  of  this 
iiousc. 

The  bill  from  tlie  senate  concerning  the  conven- 
tion be  w'^en  the  Un;ted  States  and  Great  liritaiii 
ratified  on  t!ie  23d  day  of  December  last,  was  ta- 
ken up  and  read  the  first  time. 

The  question  being  stated,  "shall  this  bill  pass?" 
Af;cr  debate,  it  was  resolved  that  it  should  be  laid- 
on  the  table. 

(Xj-'The  late  debates,  involving  qiiestions  of  high 
interest,  as  to  the  power  and  rights  of  the  difierent 
branches  of  tiie  government,  li.ave  been  very  ani- 
mated. It  is  probable  we  shall  find  ways  and  mean* 
to  preserve  some  of  the  moit  important  speeches.. 


J ,  -._, — Q  _  .. 

jijissiug  that  bill,  atlcmpt'.c 
Vcfrl'c  the  houii. 


The  Chroaicle. 

Bad  JYews. — It  is  stated  that  a  Mexican  ga* 
zette,  of  tile  9lh  of  November,  gives  an  official  state- 
ment of  the  defeat  and  capture  of  the  patriot  chief- 
tain, JMurelos,  on  tlie  4th  of  tliat  month.  Two  pieces 
of  cannon,  many  muskets  and  sabres,  and  all  his 
booty  and  equipage,  fell  into  tlie  hands  of  the  roy- 
klists,  together  with  a  considerable  number  of  pri- 
soners. 

It  is  again  reported  that  Cartha^cna  has  surren- 
dered to  tlie  royalists.  We  trust,  tiiat  like  the  many- 
other  former  reports  of  the  like  nature,  that  it  will 
prove  a  tory  fiibiication  to  prevent  the  forwarding 
of  supplies  to  the  brave  garrison. 

Einig-nttiou.  Among  the  many  great  and  useful 
men  tliat  d;dly  ariive,  or  ;ire  expected  to  arrive,  in 
the  Unived  State.s  from  maddened  Europe,  we  hear 
of  Chaptal,  the  famous  chemist,  and  Lacapede,  tlie 
celebrated  niitm'alist.     We  bid  tliem  welcome. 

JMaryhnid  Scncitor.  It  is  not  probable  that  a  se- 
nator of  tlie  United  Slates  will  be  appointed  by  the 
legislature  of  tlii-.  state  at  its  present  session.  Tiie 
senate,  on  Wednesday  last,  sent  a  message  to  the 
liouse  of  delegates,  proposing  to  go  into  the  elec- 
tion that  day  at  2  o'clock,  but  as  upon  "counting  tVie 
noses"  present  it  was  found  that  the  republican^ 
«ouid  have  a  m.ijority  of  one  or  two,  o\vhig  to  tlie 
absence,  through  indisposition,  of  two  or  three  of 
the  federal  members,  tlie  liouse  refused  to  have  the- 
joint  ballot,  3M  to  28.  This  aflbrds  the  senate  a  pre- 
cedent to  refuse  an  invitation  of  the  house,  when 
the  state  of  parties  shall  be  otherwise,  which  will 
certainly  be  made  use  of. 

Sugar.  We  learn  from  the  colonies,  that  M.  Do- 
rlon,  a  Frenchman,  has  made  a  brilliant  fortune, 
l)y  teaching  the  planters  anew  process  more  sim- 
ple and  profitable  than  any  former  one,  for  clarify- 
ing sugar  cane  syrup.  His  metliod  consists  in  throw- 
ing- into  the  copper,  while  the  juice  is  in  a  state  of 
ebullition,  a  certain  quantity  of  the  bark  of  the  py- 
ramidal elm,  reduced  to  powder.  So  great  has  been 
the  success  of  this  process,  that  the  sugar  plant- 
ers of  tuiadalou])e  have  given  the  inv.entor  100,000 
fraiics,  the  planters  of  Martinique  as  much;  and  the 
English  have  purclused  his  secret  for  400,000  francs. 

I'uiis  ijuper. 


NILE 8'   WEEKLY  REGISTER 


No.   21   or  Vox.  IX.] 


BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  JANl'ARY,  20,  1816. 


[WIIOLB  NO.    229 


Hac  oUm  memimsse  Jnvabit. — Virgil. 


I'HIVTKD  A!VT»  PUBXISHin)   BY   H.   JTILUS,   XO.   29,   SOUTH  C A.LTT;itT-STnF,ET,   AT  %5  PKR   ANKUir. 


A  Supplementary  slieet  is  in  preparation   to  dis 
iposeof  some  of  the   articles  heretofore  noticed  as 
oeiig'  on  hic. 


Uniform  mode  of  election. 

The  mean  artifices  and  palpable  frauds  tliat  have 
so  frequently  resulted  from  the  want  of  a  constitu- 
tional regulation  as  to  the  maimer  in  wliich   repre- 
sentatives to  congress  and  electors  of  president  and 
Vice-president  are  chosen,  ou_;^ht  long-  since  to  have 
■excited  every  honest  and  reflecting'  politician  to  vi 
porous  exertion  to  obtain  a  correc'i'^'e,  to  secure  to 
themselves  ami  to    the  people  at  lartCG,  a  real  and 
absolute  enjoyment  of  the  right  and  iniiuenceof  the 
elective  francliise.     Eig-ht  or  nine  years  ag-o,  I  ag'i- 
tfited  this  subject,  and  it  has  been  more  than  once 
brought  before  congress,  M'ithout  success,   and  we 
jog  on  in   the  old  way,  "swindling  and  to  swindle." 
Tlieado;5lion  of  the  excellent  resolutions  recently  ia- 
ti'oduccd  into  the  house  of  representatives   by  Mr. 
P<c/l'(?7js,  of  North  Carolina,*  if  ratified   by  the  re- 
<]uisite  number  of  states  (as  I  feel  certain  tliattliey 
would  he,   if  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  their 
several  legislatures)    might  remove  the  evils  com- 
plai'ied  (if,  and  give  to    every  minor  sectioji  <jf  tiie 
republic  i^s  due  weight  and  effect  in  the  government 
of  the  whole.     Turn  and  tvA'ist  tlicse  projoositions  as 
you  please,  there  is  no  man  whocah'.uhites  upoji  car- 
rying his  point  fvniL'ft'j/  that  can  object  to  them — fop 
tiiey  bear  eq".;iUy  and  fairly  upon  every  part  and 
every  party.     The  benefits  tl»at  would  arise  from 
these  amendments  to  the  constitution  are  ninncrous 
and  im])t>rlant,  aiid  they  would  do  much  to  break 
down  tiie  danniah  spirit  that  has  always  prevailed 
in  several   of  the  great  states.     "Brethren  of  tlie 
same  principle,"  republican  or  federal,  might  thus 
meet  together  from  the  uttermost  extremes  of  the 
union,   and   in  free  and  friendly  discussions  as  to 
the  wants  of  those  parts,  the  good  of  the  whole 
would  l)e  better  understood  and  pirmioted,  and  mimy 
heart-burnings    be  avoided.     And  then,  the  repre- 
sentatives   or  electors,    coming    more    immediate! t/ 
from  the  people — selected  and  chosen  by  men  per-' 
aonuUy  Hcquainted   with  them,  wo\dd  not  only  l)c 
likely  to  be  more  competent  to  a  faithfid  discharge 
ef  the  high  duties  entrusted  (o  them,  but  v.ould  al- 
so feel  a  greater  degi'ee  of  respormbiUhj  to  act   cor- 
rectly.    If  it  be  otherwise,  and  matters  are  sufier- 
ed  to  go  on  under  the  present  vague  imd  indefinite 
regulations,  besides  the  moral  evil  and  disregarfl 
of  the  voice  of  the  people  that  prevails  by  the  ar- 
bitrary  rules    laid  down   by   mcuwg-ing  lc,:;'islators, 
constantly  vai-ying   tlieir   mode  as  app.-irent  policy 
fequires,  we  slwll  have  this  result — state  -ivill  he  ur- 
rhyed  against  state;  and  there  will   be  no  friendly 
intei'courst  or  communion  between  the  members  of 
the  sevejul    pai-ts — each   being  elected  by  general 
ticket's,  or  appomted  in  some  olher  Vv'ay  to  secui-e  to 
tUe  dominant  party  an   cxclujive  vote  on  all  occa- 
siuns.     Who  can  calculate  the  evils  that  v.'ill  result 
from  this?     WIio  is  willing  to   feed  tlie  jealousies 
that  at  present  exist,  and  have  their  existence  chief 
ly  in  the  want  of  a  more  intimate   knowledge    of 


things  as  they  really  are?  How  mucii  more  condu- 
cive to  the  general  harmony  is  ii,  that  furious  nar- 
tizansi  on  either  side,  sliould  be  Scattered  ti^.rougH 
the  people,  than  be  rallied  at  one  pobit  to  make  ;i 
centre  for  corruption!  The  getting  up  of  the  ";.i/a- 
mo'ia  convention"  is  a  remarkable  case  in  p^int;  had 
thehigii-toned  folks  of  a  single  town  been  dispers- 
ed among  even  tlie  people  of  the  state  in  wlucli  it  is 
situated,  we  should  have  escaped  a  mortifying  dis- 
grace. But  the  rea,son  on  this  subject  is  too  self- 
evident  to  employ  my  time  in  writing  it  down. 

A  late  law  of  JVorth  CavMna  provides  for  the 
election  of  president  and  vice-president  i)y  ci  q-euerul 
ticket,  thus  securing  all  the  votes  of  that  state  t() 
the  republican  candidates;  and,  in  a  little  while, 
the  same  rule  will  be  applied  in  most  states  (a;j 
it  now  is  in  several  of  tlicm)  to  the  election  of  uiem- 
bei-s  to  congress.  This  is  a  natural  conseqtience. 
The  act  of  Nortli  Carolina,  has  been  cdled  "tyran- 
nical and  oppressive"  by  the  minority  in  tli.it  state, 
and  by  tlio»e  of  the  same  politic.d  sentiment  in 
others.  But,  before  they  find  fault  with  it,  they 
ought  to  look  arouiid  ttiem  and  sec  wlio  began  ot- 
moststedfistly  adhere  to  the  principle  oi"this  mat- 
ter; and  to  tike  care  lest  some  of  tlieir  friends  do 
not  go  30  far  as  to  deprive  the  people  altogether  of 
Uie  clioiceof  elector.s — as  will  certainly  be  the  cast; 
in  Manjland,  if  the  delegates  froin  the  counties  con- 
tinue to  rule  the  sf'ale.  ^Ve  are  governed  by  a  mi- 
iioj-ity,  and  that  minority,  in  its  legislative  capaci- 
ty-, will  take  upon  itself  the  appointment  of  persons 
for  electors' that  a  large  majority  of  tlie  fieeincaof 
tiie  state  would  reject,  if  the  choice  depended  upiu 
a  general  ticket,  as  in  North  Cai'olina,  These  tilings 
are  notorious. 

But  tVe  legislature  of  North  Carolina  also  brought 
forward  the  amendments  to  the  constitution  offer- 
ed by  Mr.  Pickens.  Tliey  did  not  pass  the  "objec 
tionable"  laW/  because  tliey  thought  it  the  most  hap- 
py way  to  make  a  select  ion  of  electors,  but  as  grov/- 
ing  out  of  the  necessity  and  right  of  tLiugsj  as  at 
present  existing. 

To  do  away  ail  sorts  of  inanoe avring,  and  give  to 
every  state,  and  every  pai't  f)f  a  state,  aiid'  every 
party  in  the  state,  its  full  and  legitimate  nfluence 
in  the  high  concciiis  of  the  government — t'l  per.'uit 
ihe  people,  with  the  least  possible  dep;a-ture  from, 
the  prhiciple  of  the  representative  system  to  exer- 
cise tlieir  sovereign  functions  with'  etfect-r-to  al- 
Uy  state  jealousies,  by  bringing  togctliei-,  in,' 
''.armony,  pcrsjns  from  all  the  states,  discc-rnluf^ 
and  mutually  exphiiniug  tlie  Interests  and  de-^ 
sires  of  all — to  consolidate  and  give  energy  to 
the  union,  while  its  parts  are  carefidly  guarded 
from  encroachment  and  wrong— let  the  conutilutiou 
be  amended  as  required  by  these  propositions,' 
e'lch  stiitc  being  divided -itilrV  districts  to  elect  one 
i-epresentatiye  or  om:  e,lecior,  and  no  more,  witij. 
provisions  to  preven^,."arbitr.n-y  and  umiecessajy  di- 
visions of  counties,  and  oth<"r  frauds. 


*See  last  number,  p.  'o4o. 


z- 


Cultivation  of  the  Caae. 

For  severiil  years  afior  the  close  of  Uie  revolutioiK 
ary  war,  in  1733,  CorTuy  was  iviportdil  mto  each  o^ 
the  Uiitted  States,  as  in  retwrn  cargo  fi'Qiji  ^le  AVwU' 


350 


NILES*  WEEKLY  UEOISTRR— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  2i\  ISU. 


indies  and  other  foreign  countries.  In  the  year  uf-  slicp-hecpiv^  has  prevailed  to  a  verv  .danring  eS. 
ter  the  close  of  the  war  in  1815,  a  space  of  thirty-  tent,  and  its  consequences  will  Ije  fdal  to  thoa. 
-two  yesrs — we  shall  export  and  coiismne  not  less,  sands.  TIic  evil  has  been  exceedin;.vly  provoked hy 
from  90  to  100  millions  of  pounds  of  cotton  of  do-  the  litters  of  banks  that  have  sprung-  v.p  in  mauj; 
jnestic  growth,  wortli  from  25  to  30  millions  of  dol-  parts  of  the  country  like  musln-ooms,  and  \\itl!  lit- 
lar:j.  _       I  tic  more  gitbstuiice  than  is  possessed  Iiy  that  short- 

Anoth.cr  rcvoluticfn  in  commcrce,not  less  astonish- 1  lived  vegetable.  The  time  must  con;c,  and  seems 
Ifif^t  than  the  precedir."-,  is  rapidly  working' its  way;  close  at  hand,  when  a  pressure  will  be  felt  in  every 
:ind  s.'j^-fir,  molasses  and  rum,  vvili  soon  be  to  theUni-  part  where  those  institutions  abound,  such  as  tie- 
■£edStates,what  cotton  now  is.  Lorm/cuj  v.  ill  .shortly  jver  before   was   experieiiced  in  America.      If  the 


isupplv  more  than  cur  domestic  wants  require — and 
vhev  are  enormous,  the  luxury  being  so  commonly 
indulged  in.  IJut  only  a  small  portion  of  this  im- 
mensely valuable  acquisition,  fitted  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  ciuie,  is  yet  applied  to  the  purpose;  and  I 
lini  told  that  there  are  lands  belonging  to  the  Uni- 
ted States,  destitute  at  this  time  of  a  solitary  set- 
tler, so  exceedingly  well  adapted  to  tliis  luxurious 
prodtict,  that  they  will,  of  themselves,  if  duly  ■ap- 
preciated and  carefully  managed,  reimburse  'he 
whole  cost  of  tlie  state"  and  territory,  and  pay  the 
entire  national  debt,  to  boot!     Plantations,   calcida- 


a])proiching.(dversity  shall  te.-.ch  us  wisdom  hcrt-r 
after  to  check  the  issues  of  L\.nk  p-'.per,  and  quiet 
the  mania  for  banking  estabtisliment-;,  perhaps  the 
evil  may  have  its  corresponding  good  in  future 
safety.  During  tlir-  war,  the  people,  believing  that 
the  welfare  of  their  country  w.-\s  connected  witli 
the  suspension  of  specie  paiinents  by  tlie  banksy 
were  content  Avith  a  deni.d  of  it — but  the  time  has 
nearly  passed  that  tliis  accommodating  dispositio* 
can  exist,  and  those  institutions  nnmt  m;!ke  aiTangc 
ments  to  reconimcrice  its  issue,  or  be  thcmselvcB 
torn  to  pieces.     To  do  this  they  must  get  in  niuck 


ted  to  raise  the  o.ne,  are  valued  at  from  3  to  §500  of  the  paper  that  they  have  so  liberally  distributed 
her  acre;  and  tl>e  cultivation  of  it  is  at  this  lime,|to  the  four  corners  of  the  United  States;  and  i'wc* 


1"' 

und  for  many  years  to  come  will  be,  to  the  .imoican 

agriculturalist,  more  productive  of  gain  than  mines 

of  gold.     Thei-e  is  no   body  of  men  in  the  world 

that  make  money  so  rapidly  as  the  sugar-plr.nters 

of  Louisiana — the  duty  on  the   foreign  article  is  to 

Ihera  a  profit  equal  almost    to  the  vriginatvAxiQ  of 

\\.  in  the  "West  Indies. 

But  in  Georgia,  also,  we  have  a  grand  resomxe. — 
It  is  no  longer  a  m.atter  of  cx])eriment  whetlier  the 
ouie  may  be  raked  to  advant:ige  in  this  state.  It 
is  found  that  a  very  h'J'ge  district  of  country  is  adapt- 
ed to  its  cultiu-e,  and  the  sugar  produced  from  it  is 
of  ihe  very  lirst  quality,  like  thai  of  LoiuHuna,-  and 
besides,  as  the  lands  are  bet icr  cultivated,  the  cli- 
mate will  be  improved.  There  seems  no  doub', 
tlow,  but  that  it  will  become  a  staple  comaio  lity;  and 
the  large  quantity  or'  labor  that  Georgia  may  imme- 
diately apply  appl)  lo  it,  M'ill  g'ive  it  importance 
much  sooner  than  may  be  expected. 

A  person  might  be  looked  upon  as  a  sort  of  a  mad- 
man who  should  say  tliat,  in  30  years  he.ce,  Europe 
vill  look  to  us  for  her  great  supply  of  sugar,  &c. — 
We  should  regard  him  in  the  same  mann.er  that 
rniuiy  were  regarded  who  spoke  thus  of  cotton  30 
years  ago.  ]5ut  /  believe  it  will  be  the  case,  and  1 
rejoice  in  the  prospect;  for  every  tiling  that  tends 
to  relieve  my  country  of  its  dependence  on  others, 
is  to  me  like  the  beams  of  the  morning  to  the  wea- 
ried traveller,  who  has  wandered  the  night  in  sfeareh 
of  a  place  of  repose. 

Letter  to  the  Editor. 

Extract  of  a  Mter  frtm  a  gentleman  in  Ohio  to  the 
cditoi'  of  the  II'  eeklii  Register. 
"1  have  been  highly  entertained  with  your  letter 
to  Cobbett.  Your  i-emarks  upon  the  gredt  infux  of 
JBrilish  gcodi;  AV.d  tlic  injury  about  to  ensue  to  the 
tt-ibe  of  ahop-keeper.i,  cut  me  to  the  quick.  I  had 
rne'dcd  to  the  project  of  tapc-nclli/Lg  (in  conjunction 
■M'ith  a  brotl.cr)  and  alrctuly  feel  conscious  that  1 
hs.vc  let  myself  down  not  aTi^.tle,  in  every  respect. 
bad;  but  Icluefiy 


will  the  people  call  to  mind  the  warning  voice  of 
governor  Sniider,  aiul  esteem,  ?.s  they  oiight,  his  no- 
ble exertions  to  Jecure  his  own  state,  at  least,  from 
the  calamities  that  he  saw  would  result  from  a  wili' 
system  of  banking. 


Salaries 

The  following  are  the  salaries  of  some  of  the^ 
principal  officers  in  the  government  of  the  United 
States — 

The  president        ,  .  §25,000 


5,000 
5,000 
5,000 
5,00(3 
4,500 
4,500 

3,ooa 

3,500 
3,0U& 
3,000 

2,400 


vice-president        -.  -, 

cliief-justice  ^ 

secretary  of  state  .. 

secretai'}'  of  the  treasury 

secretary  of  war         .  . 

secretary  of  the  nary         * 

attorncy-gener.Tl         .  . 

comptrollor  of  the  treasury 

treisurer    . 

auditor  of  the  treasury 

register  of  the  treasiu-y    . 

accountant  of  the  war  depart- 
ment 

accountant  of  the  navy  depart- 
ment 

postmaster-general 

as.ustant  postmaster  gen-eral 
Q'j^Sixteen   persons,   receiving  in  all  the  sum  of 
5^357,600 — equxl  to  less  tlian  ^13,000  sterl.  per  am 
nvrii;  for  filling  and  executing  sixteen  of  the  highcff 
and  most  responsible  offices  in  the  rcpjibJc! 

There  are,  peiliaps,  thousands  of  j;»i''T'2(/^;(//s  lo 
the  pay  or  support  of  the  British  government,  v.li«  , 
receive  more  than  all  tliese  united;  though  the  Ur^^ 
bor  of  an  hundred  sucli  is  not  equal  to  inatof  one 
of  tliem.  And  the  salaries  of  ,he  sixteen  are  i*^ 
competent  lo  the  support  of  one  of  the  numeioitS^ 
scions  of  the  "illustrious"  Uouse  of  the  Gne'ph^^ 
wiiose  reputed  twrefather  was  a  Utitchman, import- 
ed to  fill  an  "usm-ped"  throne— tlic  "legi.imate. 
heir,"  in  the  me:in  lim.e,  being  in  exile,  and  dcpcn^  i 


2,OC0 

2,000 
3,000 
1,700 


The  prospect  IS  really  bad;  but  Icluefiy  regret  that 

1  shovdd  hiive  descended  front  iJic  dignified  cha- jciir.gon  the  bounty  of  foreigners  for  tiic  bread  ort 
yacter  of  an  independent   Ar.icrican,  to  become  Jicwhicli  l;e  sub'.isrcd. 

retailer  of  firitish  gevv--gaivs.  i  shall  get  out  of|  F^r  he  it  fom  me  to  wish  to  imitate  the  profliga- 
iliia  preuicament  us  soon  as  possibie,  even  if  it  icy  ;uid  profusion  of  the  British,  or  any  other  despcf^ 
^.culd  be  a'l'iended  wiUi  loss."  tic   government — where    i.he  peojile    being  sh'vcs, 

X^/Tiie  editor  fes-rs  that  rlic  Cise  of  his  corres-  their  masters    suppose  they  may   .^ppiopriatc  t!itir 
yligpicrit  is   by  «p  ]:BCj>ns  »iag«h«-.     Thq  rage  for|CWJwngs  as   tl:«?y  plea'sc.     But  my  opiniou  isy  that 


J 


pILES' 


WEEKLY  REGISTEli— INDIAN :V  q^ERlUT ORY. 


obi. 


^ke  sauirieSoF  ouf  ofHcers,  in   general,   are  a  great 
deal   too  low.     It  is    impossible  for  :i  uniw  to    live 


upon  t!iem,  at  )J'ashin£io;i  city,  as  ;i  gentleman 
Nlioiikl  live;  for  thev  ftre  compelled  to  .see  in\ich 
company,  forcij^ners  and  others,  and  mwsrkcep  up 
«i  certain  stile  in  all  t]ie  departments  of  their  liouse- 
hold,  that  runs  away  with  lar.u^e  sums  of  money: 
and  it  is,  therefore,  indispensable  that  a  person  ac- 
ceptinfj  one  of  the  hig-h  offices,  must  either  iiave  a 
private  fortune  to  anply  to,  or  resort  to  specula- 
lions  that  he  bug-ht  not  to  dabble  with,  1o  live  de- 
cently. It  siiould  not  be  so.  If  a  man  of  talents 
and  respectability  is  expected  to  serve  the  public, 
he  oug'ht,  at  least,  to  be  subsisted  by  it;  and  an  in- 
'c;rease  of  50  per  cent,  on  the  ]5resent  salaries  M'ould 
hardly  be  equivalent  to  the  increased  expences  at 
their  families  and  establishments — ai'ising-,  as  well 
ii"om  tlie  lii;^her  prices  of  all  the  neccsaiirics  of 
life,  as  from  the  g-reater  demands  made  upon  tlieir 
courtesy  :uid  ho.spitaliiy  by  ilic  accumulating'  popu- 
lation of  tiie  country,  requiring  the  presence  of 
more  and  more  of  the  people  at  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment,  for  various  purposes. 

Five  thous.ind  dollars  seems  a  great  sum.  And 
80  it  may  be  to  a  m.in  wiio  cxn  live  .as  he  pleases. — 
Yet  there  are  tens  of  thousands  of  shop-keepei-s  and 
mechanics  vrho  make  Rlore  than  this  per  anmim. — 
1  do  not  mean  clear  money,  for  they,  as  well  as  the 
secretaries,  S.c.  have  to  subsist  their  families  out  of 
it,  pay  house  rtnt,  &c.  Sec.  But  the  man  of  private 
life  lias  this  advantig'e — lie  may  live  priv.atc,  if  he 
likes  it  or  hi*;  situation  demands  it:  but  it  is  rfot  so 
Xvith  public  men — they  imist  see  coin]).iny,  tht-y 
muHt  entertain  them  on  the  best  tiling's  to  cat  and 
to  drink,  cost  what  they  may,  and  fur  this,  they 
«j«iff  keep  inany  servants,  &.c.  There  is  noway  of 
avoiding  it,  unless  by  resigning'  h\\  pretensions  to 
v.hat  may  be  considered  common  decency. 

The  present  moment,  iieriiaj^s,  is  not  the  proper 
time  to  raise  the  salaries  of  these  officers^ — let  a 
year  or  two  elapse,  untd  v,^e  can  get  our  finances 
a  little  better  arranged  and  ndjusted;  but  this  ap- 
pears to  me  very  certain,  that  th.ey  ought  to  be 
r:dsed,  and  that  they  must  be  raised,  if  we  exptct 
such  men  to  accept  of  them  as  s.re  fitted  to  perform 
their  duties,  and  will  perform  them  faithfully,  with- 
out an  eye  to  any  Uiing  else  w!:ereby  to  obtain  a 
liveliliood  for  themselves  and  their  famdliefi. 


3i',445 
R6,,3('r 


ployed  in  foreign,  Coastingiand  fishing  tradeSj  it  ap- 

peai'cd  there  were  employed  in  the 

Year.  Foreign  Tradej        Constiiig;* 

l!iOi,       -         -     922,298         28^1, a6J 
1800,  .        1,044,005         285,909 

1807,     ,-        -  l,116j241        2S5,090 

3.  As  to  the  exportatlons  from  the  United  State.4 
to  the  West  Iiidia  i-ilands,  it  appeared  there  was  ex-» 
ported  to  the  following  r.moLmt,  iii  the  \ears  enil:^' 
ing  30th  September,  180r-'15: 

lirltish  West  Indies,  in  1807";  tn  1S15. 

Domestic,  5,322,27o  1,5/1.490 

Foreign,  630,361  2J,9r9 

i.iU  other  W.  I.  Islands, 

Domestic,  9,025.497  *',204,993 

ForeigUj  16,00-1,3J0  1,263,555 

4.  As  to  the  value  of  the  goods  Imported  in  Xxni' 
ricun  and  foreign  vessels  from  the  Cape  of  ^Tood 
Hope,  and  places  beyond  the  same,  the  ditties  thei-c- 
on,  from  whicli  an  idea  of  the  amount  and  Talue  oi" 
the  trade  may  I)e  formed,  were  reported  a?  fjiiows: 

m  iS()5,  :  :  :       3,370,055 

1305,         ■:  :  3,803,915 

13J7,   :  :  !       3,960^6^6 


No  estimate  sjiven  of  the  last  vcr.r'.s  duties  c6\ 


ltd 


The  British  Treaty. 

Fao.H    THE    NATiaSAt    IN TiiLLKiKyCEB. 

Wliilst  this  subject  was  under  consideration  in 
the  senate,  there  were  several  points  on  which  in- 
formation was  required  from  the  treivsury  depart- 
ment, by  the  committee  on  foreign  i-elations,  as 
being  intimately  connected  with  tJic  merits  and 
bearing  of  the  treaty.  Not  liaving  room  to  publioli 
tlie  documents  on  tiie  subject  at  length,  we  most 
Endeavor  to  generalize  them. 

1.  As  to  tiie  quantity  of  cotton  exported  to  tlie 
Biitish  domlnionsj  in  Europe,  during  the  year^  of 
6ur  commercial  prosperity  (on  wliich  article,  be  it 
boroe  in  luind,  a  large  disciiriiin:tting  duty  Was  paid 
in  (Jreat  Rritainj  it  appeared  that  tUe  ([U'Uitity  ex- 
poned  to  tiiose  dominions,  including  I'lngland,  Scot- 
land, Ireland,  iMan  and  Berwick,  was 


Fnjin  1st  Oct.  ISOfi  to  SCtii  S^iit.  1857 
From     ilo.       ISH  to      do.         ISis 


51.150,211  lbs. 
44,'.(73,20S  lbs. 

The  last  line,  though  nominally  a  year,  of  course' 
only  embraced  th.e  time  from  tiic  17th  i-'tbruary  to 
the  3J'h  September;  during  wJiich  sis  months,'the 
export  was  enormous. 

^  As  to  the  tonnage  pf  tbo  Ur. i'.cd  8tate«,  ctb- 


afford  any  Criterion  of  the  trade,  and  none  therefore 
is  given. 

5.  As  to  the  duties  on  importsiions  fi-ont  tiife  W< 
India  Islands,  it  itpp>?aved  thut  tliey  were — 

From  t«  1805.         j/i  1806.       w  ISOj". 

Dr.  W.  Indies        1,864,119     2,360,665     1,949,673 
Other  W.  Indies  7,257,525     rf75l,855     «3666,526    • 

Tliere  was  tl'ii  reported  to  t'.ie  seh.ite  «in  abslriicl 
of*'dut!CS  of  customs  p.dd  in  (ireat  l5r!t;t.ln  in  180?' 
aiid  1815."  distinguishing  between  the  imphrta'.iort 
from  foreign  countries  and  from  Britis'i  eolonicsj 
and  in  Hritish  or  fore'ign  sliios;  whereby  it  cle.u-ly 
appears  tliat  t'le  United  SiHtes  have  gLUned  to  th^ 
merchants  vei""  gi-enl!y  by  the  ti'City,  and^)rcourj£ 
have  so  f.ir  o'jtained  an  adva.nt.#ge  to  our  own  cvef 
foreign  navigation. 

Legislature  of  Itidiaiia. 

doVEilNOR'S  MFSSAr;E. 

Gentlemen  of  the  I.-eg'i.-ihitivi^  Couucil 

and  of  the  ILiUsie  cf  Iii'pi\'S:'nUitii!:'3. 
The  jieriod  of  the  meeting  of  th\?  legis".attirt!.i^^' 
the  territory  lias  orlce  more  arrived  ;  nud  it  is  wi?Ti 
■the  most  he:irtfeU  sali^;[;iC  ioi<  that  I  now  cong-ratu^ 
late  vou,  time  since  your  last  njceting  a  bloody  V/,ij* 
has  been  tarminuted  by  an  hoUor.ibit  p^act;  the 
blessings  of  v.hich  luive  been  ulff.ised  and  felt 
thro\iglu)ut  our  beloved  country;  V/e  cunnsit  b^  toe' 
grateful  to  that  t'roiidencc,  in  whost  hands  are  tha 
destines  of  nadoui,  that  lie  h.ts  blesse/i  oiir  eifdvtL* 
in  a  just  and  avtluous  r.tr'ag,;!e  witli  a  t^owciful  vwri 
a:nbitious  enemy,  and  tin;dly  croivned  taem  with  V.n^ 
mt»sl gloiioas  success,  'lids  event  has  furni,shjd  a 
new  era  In  our  liistor/ji^tMin  which  the  most  il;atj:ii- 
ing  presiiges  m;iy  be  tL';i>"n.  K  l;us  tatlglit  us  C1:^!V> 
fidence  in  ourselves,  and  dcinon^trat-.-d  tiic  cftirien- 
cv  of  a  free  government  i.i  \v:*r  as  rtll  Jis  ii  pcC?: 
'riie-ie  politicid  blessing^;  wlucli  s.rc  of  u  n.itnrf;  «> 
iiHeresting  and  important,  v.-tre  not  obiajned  bat  id 
the  expeiicc  of  blood  and  treabure,  and  individual 


Tiiesc,  liOvvever,  .nre  the  nii'.u.-.ti  ciri" 
Coinitants  of  war,  and  shoidd  be  cheerfully  sulxnit* 
ted  1.0,  in  order  to  secure  great  nation;\i  obj-^cts.  I-* 
no  section  of  the  union  is  there  more  c;uise  for  i\;* 
joicing  at  the  restoration  of  peace,. tii:-ui  in  this  ter; 
ritorVi    A  i-n'.£l  kt.''-  bJ»o.>-1i4iiayty  ensiny  yitw  kf-?/: 


352        NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  20,  181^. 


dev  on  our  frontier,  and  whose  mode  of  warfare  is 
the  iiulisci'imifiJile  mmdcr  of  the  infant,  the  ng'ed, 
;ind  the  helpies.s  purt  of  the  conumnuty,  liiive  us^recd 
t.T  bury  the  tonnduiwk,  and  or.ce  moi-e  live  with  us 
it.i  tlie  bands  of  fi-icndship.  From  this  event  h;--. 
f""ov."cd,  aiid  is  still  flov.ing-,  the  most  Uistiiig-beneii^ 
■'ro  oui-  coiinlrv.  Onr  emigration  which  is  rapidly 
populating-  our  fertile  lands,  in  a  little  time  will 
enable  i\.i  to  be  admitted  into  the  poliucal  family  of 
tlie  union,  as  a^n  iiKk^pcndont  slate.  Permit  me  to 
recommend  to  tlie  leg'islature,  the  propriety  as  well 
jiL-stice  of  imposir.g-  as  moderate  taxes  on  the  emi- 
jfjants  to  this  territory, as  may  be  compatible  to  the 
jiiib'ic  interest.  Most  of  them  have  moved  from  ;. 
g-ieat  distance,  at  a  considerable  expencc.  They 
have  to  enroimter  many  difficidiies  in  opening  their 
films  for  ciiliivaiion,  before  they  can  derive  a  sii])- 
port,  mnch  more  a  profit  from  them;  and  conse- 
quently their  ability  will  be  lessened,  from  contri- 
bating-  L.rgely  for  a  short  time  to  the  pnblic  exigen- 
cies. Tiiese  circvunstances  are  not  unknown  to  _von, 
gentlemen,  and  I  make  no  doubt  \shen  you  take  up 
the  subject  of  taxation,  you  will  give  them  tliat 
consideration  which  tlieir  impoi-tance  merits.  The 
present  seems  to  be  a  favorable  time  to  tiu'n  your 
attention  to  the  promotion  of  education,  and  die 
state  of  roads  and  hig'iiways-  ]»oih  of  these  sub- 
jects have  been  already  acted  on.  By  revising 
them,  a  knowledge  of  their  [practical  operation  m^\ 
demonsir.^ie  the  necessity  of  ir.  king akerai  ions  and 
iinpiovemcnrs  tliat  will  be  exlerisively  useful. 

A  review  of  tlie  terriiorh.l  laws  are  highly  neces- 
sary, and  sliould  be  taken  up  as  eia-iy  in  tiie  session 
as  possii/ie.  I'herehas  nol  been  for  some  time  any 
of  tiie  acts  of  1808  oi  ialO  to. distribute  to  jus- 
tices of  the  peace,  and  others  who  are  entitled,  to 
tiicm.  1:,  fuci.  from  their  detaehed  and  deranged 
situaiion,  iJie  iaws  liave  become  com.plicated  and 
difficult .  u  be  searched  out  and  properly  understood. 
Every  lictate  of  pruiience  recommends  an  nmend- 
inent  to  .,e  militia  system,  so  as  lo  render  it  free 
fro;  any  nmecessai-y  delay  in  its  operaiion,  and  lo 
secure  by  .'idequate  puni^uments  prompt  obedience 
to  bLich  requisitions  us  emergencies  ma_\  ilom  lime 
to  lime  require. 

1  cumot  close  this  communication,  without  ex- 
]>rcssing  my  coniidenct  in  a  wise  and  honorable  re- 
sult to  your  dt'ibej-ations.  and  ;issurances  of  the 
fti'iifiil  :ie:il  v.itli  which  my  co-operating-  duties 
v,i;i  be  diich.j ged,  invokirig-,  at  the  same  time,  the 
Licssirjgs  of  licaven  on  our  uclov(-d  courilrv. 

iiiu.  rusEY. 

J.cjei-^unvilli',  1st,  Dec.  lalS. 


Indiana  Mcnsotial. 

To  tlie  honaulih  the  Senate  and  rJoKse  of  Represen- 
tatives i^fthe  United  States,  in  C'ov/fref^s  anaembled. 
Tiie  memori.i!  ofthe  r-,egislative  Coav.cil  and  House 
cP  Representatives  of  tlie  Indiana  Tcriitory,  as- 
f.embied  at  llie  lown  of  CorydciU,  in  the  }ear  1815, 
in  behalf  of  tiicir  constit'.ttn.s,  respectfully  show- 
cth— 

'i'hat  whereas  the  ordin:ince  of  congress-  for  the 
government  of  this  territory  has  provided  "That 
whenever  tlicre  shall  be  si.xty  tliousand  free  inhabi- 
tanis  therein,  this  territory  shall  be  adn^.itted  into 
t!ie  uniun  on  an  equal  footmg  with  tiie  orig-inal 
states;"  fold  whcreivii  by  a  census  taken  by  the  au- 
tiiority  of  the  legislature  of  ihis  lerritory,  it  appear;; 
i'lom  the  retuiijs  that  die  number  of  free  wliite  in- 
l:aL;tants  exceeds  sixty  tliou-sand — ue  tlierefuic- 
])ray  the  iionoi-^ble  senate  and  liouse  of  r^pjcsenta- 
iives,  iiitongT^j>-afcgc*iiblc<i,to  «rioi:  «ui  ei«cUwij 


to  be  conducted  agreeably  to  the  existing  laws  of 
this  territory,  to  be  held  in  the  several  counties  of' 
tills  territory  on  the  first  Monday  of  May,  1816,  for 
roiJresentativcs  to  mieet  in  convention,  at  the  se.-t  of 
governnient  of  this  territory,  the  —  day  of —  ^'^l^ 
wiio  when  assembled,  shall  determine  by  a  m  jori- 
iyofthe  votes  of  all  the  members  elec-ed,  whether' 
it  will  be  expedient,  or  inexpedieiit  to  go  ir-.to  a 
stale  government;  and  ifit  be  determined  expedirnt,( 
the  convention  thus  assembled  shall  have  the  pow- 
er to  form  a  constitution  and  frame  of  governn.ent; 
or  if  it  be  deemed  inexpedient,  to  provide  for  the 
election  of  representatives  to  meet  in  conve.r'ion, 
at  some  fiiture  period,  to  form  a  constitution.  A.d 
whereas  the  people  of  this  territory  have  made  great 
sacrifices,  by  settUng  on  the  frontiers,  where  •hey 
have  been  exposed  to  dangers  ami  hardships  oi  al- 
most every  description,  by  which  means  the  l.mda 
of  the  United  States  have  been  greatly  ir,cre;..s(.d  in 
value,  we  feel  confident  that  congress  will  be  dis- 
posed to  grant  us  seven  per  cent,  on  all  m'-nits  re- 
ceived at  any  of  the  United  States'  land  offices,  f  om 
the  1st  day  of  Apiii,  1816,  fo;  lands  ah-eady  ..old  or 
hereafter  to  be  sold,  iving  in  tills  territory;  such 
per  centag-e  to  be  at  the  di.sposal  of  this  govern- 
ment, in  such  way  as  maybe  judged  most  condu- 
cive to  the  general  welfare.  It  is  expccud  by  us 
that  the  general  government  will  be  disposed  to ' 
confirm  to  us  her  grant  of  township  No.  2,  .south  of 
range  11,  west  of  vhe  second  pri:.cipal  meridian, 
gr.mted  to  the  Indiana  territory  for  tl^e  use  of  an 
academy;  also,  die  reserved  sec'don  16,  in  that  par- 
lion  of  die  territory  where  the  Indian  title  h.as  al- 
leady  been  extinguished,  as  well  as  that  Wi.ich  may 
be  hereafter  purchased  of  the  Indians,  to  be  at  the 
disposal  of  tiic  future  state  for  the  use  of  schools; 
and  it  is  further  requested  and  expected,  that  all 
coal  uunes  and  salt  licks  which  may  be  reserved  by 
the  United  States,  (with  a  sufficiency  of  land  ta 
work  tJiem  to  effect)  will  be  granted  to  the  f  uure 
state,,  as  well  where  the  Indian  title  is  relinquisli- 
ed  as  where  it  is  not,  as  soon  as  said  relinquishment 
is  obtained  by  the  United  States.  Furthermore,  as 
it  is  conceived  by  us,  that  the  promotion  of  useful 
knowledge  is  the  best  guarantee  to  our  civil  Insti- 
lutions,  "nd  as  congress  must  know  something  of 
the  difliculties  of  raising  money  in  new  countries- 
for  the  use  of  universities,  we  think  we  do  ourselvcj 
but  justice  in  asking  a  reserve  of  one  entire  town- 
ship, for  the  support  of  a  college,  to  be  located  at 
some  suitable  place  on  the  United  States'  lands  ill 
this  territory.  And  whereas  in  the  counties  of  Knox, 
Gibson  ;uid "('lark,  in  said  territory,  a  great  quanti- 
ty of  the  lands  in  said  counties  are  claimed  by  pri- 
vate individuals,  and  confirmed  to  them  by  various 
laws  of  congress,  which  lands  are  so  located  that 
those  counties  will  be  deprived  of  the  benehts  fiom 
the  16ih  section,  reserved  by  the  laws  of  congress' 
fur  the  use  of  schools;  it  is  therefore  expected  that 
congress  will  rLSCivc  an  eqtiivalcnt  in  lands  for  the 
u.se  of  schools  in  said  comities,  hi  proportion  to  the 
number  of  the  16th  section  now  the  property  of  in- 
divuals  in  said  countie.s  As  it  deemed  good  policy 
that  ever}'  state  siiould  have  its  seat  of  government 
as  nearlycentral  as  the  loc;U  situation  of  the  coun- 
try will  permit,  and  as  such  site  proper  for  the  per- 
manent seat  is  not  at  this  lime  at  tlie  dispo.sal  of 
tliis  territory  or  the  g-eneral  government,  it  is  ex- 
pected that  congress  will,  whenever  the  Indian  title 
shall  be  exting'^uished,  grant  us  a  township  of  six 
mdes  squra-e,  to  be  selected  by  such  persor^s  as  the 
future  state  ma}  ajjpoint. 

And  whtref.s  cong-ress  will  receive  tlie  most  cor- 
vect  Jafotmatioa  froiu  tlw.^  body  to  enable  tliem'  to 


NILES'  WREKLY  REGISTER— MISSISSIPPI  TERRITORY.        g53 


Tn'cportlon  the  number  of  represents livcs  to  ihe  tiling  like  a  satisf;:ctory  estimate  of  tlie  present  poV 
convention  in  tjie  different  counties,  we  recommend  pulation  of  the  territory  in  question;  but  they  con- 
the  ToHowing,  as  proportioned  to  tl;e  census  of  ceive  tljat,  unless  it  be  the  determination  of  con- 
each  count  v,  according:  to  their  present  boundai-ies,  gress  to  defer  its  admission  until  it  can  be  claimed 


4 

Swiiiserland 

1 

Washing-ton 

5 

J  efferson 

o 

Harrison 

3 

Clark 

5 

Knox 

4 
1 

Posey 

1 

W.arick 

6'— " --P     , 

as  various  in  then- customs   and 


in  strict  confor    ily  to  the  comp;.ct  witli  fieorgia, 

3  j  there  i^i  no  good  reason  for  a  further  delav  on  the 

4,  score  of  a  deliciency  of  numbers,  as  such  deficiency , 

5 1  if  now  questionable,    will  not  probably  much  long- 

1  er  exisv.       Without  takirg-  into   con;.idcration  tiie 

recent  settkrs,  who  arc  subject   to  the  late  procla- 

e  inhabitants  of  this  territory  are  motion  under  the  "act  to  prevent  settlement  beinij 

sed  of  emigrants  from  every'part  mad'=',''  &c.    the  presumption  is  not   unreasonable 

that,  if  any  consider.ible  p;,rt  of  tiie  lands  obtained 
nom  the  Creeks,  is  prepared  for  a  legal  settlement 
witliin  the  time  contemplated,  the  territory  will 
contain  more  than  the  uimiijer  required,  before  it 
can  be  finally  erecterl  into  i  state. 

!•  is  kjiown  to  your  committee  that  t'le  consent 
of  Georgia  to  a  division  of  this  ten-i'ory,  has  been 
asked  and  obtained,  ;;nd  should  it  be  divided  before 
i1  is  admit;  ed,  the  admission  of  eitlier  part  would, 
from  a  v.ant  of  nun)bers,  be  subject  to  additional 
objection  and  further  delay. 

liut  doubts  may  be  entertained,  v/liPther  the  ter/- 
ri'ory  can,  with  strict  propriety,  be  divided,  Mith- 
out  the  consent  of  its  iu.iuibitKnts,  as  \veila.s  tjiatof 
Georgia  and  of  tlie  United  States.  Althougli  the 
people  of  tlie  territory  had  no  agency  hi  the  agree- 
ment above  quoted,  tiiey  woie  tlie  object  of  it,  and 
as  sue!;,  became  a  tliird  party  to  it,  and  vested  by  it 
of  aright  which  is  explicity  defined.  This  agree- 
ment provides  "that  the  territory  tli us  ceded,  shall 
form  a  st:ite,  (not  one  or  more  states)  and  shall  he 


to  Wit 

Wayiie 
Prank!  in 
De  irborn 
Gibson 
.Pei-ry 

And  whereas  th 
prii  cipallv  compo 
of  ;!■£    union,  and 

fientjments  as  in  their  persons,  we  think  it  prudent 
at  this  time  to  express  to  the  general  government 
oiu-  ait.  chment  to  the  fundamentid  principles  of  le- 
gi.sl  tion,  prescribed  by  congress  in  their  ordiniuicc 
i'o.t'ie  govenmient  of  this  territory,  particularly  as 
Xcnec^s  persona!  freedom  and  iuvolnntary  servitude, 
and  hope  that  tliat  tiiey  may  be  continued  as  the 
^asi.s  oftiie  constitution. 

(Signed)  DEXVIS  PENNINGTON, 

Speaker  of  tlie  lunise  jfrepresentath^es 

DAVID  ROBB, 
President  of  the  legislative  council. 

iJecember  14,  1315. 


Missisippi  '\  cvYiUny. 

J.eportof  tlie  committee  of  the  lioine  of  represen- 
tatives to  wliom  was  referred,  on  the  6tfi  inst.  the 
memorial  of  the  legislature  of  the  Missisippi  ter- 


ritory, i^raying  for  admission  into  the  union,  as  an  L^duiitt^d  as  such  into  the  union,  as  soon  ak  it  shall 
independent  state.  \cot,tuin  60,000  free  inhabitants:'     If,  then,  admission 

Tlie  comn^ittee  to  wliom  were  referred,  on  the  6th  shall  be  defei-red,  in  consequence  of  division,  tlie 


Snstant,  tiie  memorial  of  the  legislative  council  .uid 
house  of  rcpiesentutives  (>f  the  .Missisippi  territo- 
ry, 7>r.<ving  for  the  admission  of  Stdd  territory  in'o 
-the  uni.in  ..s  a  state;  ..nd,  on  the  14th  hist,  the  pe- 
titions of  sundry  inhabitants  east  of  Pe  ;rl  river  in 
the  same  territory,  praying  that  provision  may  be 
made  for  t:Lking  a  census  of  its  citizens  previous  to 
sucii  admission,  respectfully  submit  the  following 
leport: 

By  the  ariicles  of  agreement  and  cession  between 
the  U-:ited  States  and  the  state  of  Georgia,  it  is 
provided,  "That  the  territory  thus  ceded,  (now 
31i.->sisippi  territory)  shall  form  a  state,  and  be  ad- 
nihted  as  such  into  the  union,  as  soon  as  it  sliull 
conu\in  sixty  tliousand  fi'ce  in!)abitant.'5,  or  at  an 
earlier  period,  if  congress  shad  think  it  expedient, 
on  tiie  same  conditions  mid  resti'icuons,  with  the 
iCame  privileges,  and  in  the  same  manner,  as  is  pro- 
vided in  the  ordhiance  of  c<)ngrcss,of  the  I3tii  day 
.of  July,  1787,  for  the  government  of  the  western 
territory  of  the  United  States,  which  ordinance 
shall,  in  all  its  parts,  extend  to  the  territory  con- 
tained in  the  present  act  of  cession,  that  article  only 
•xcepted  which  forbids  slavery." 

The  memorialises,  after  stating  the  number  of 
persons  taken  under  tlie  last  general  census,  which 
Was  forty  thousand  three  hundred  :uid  hfiy-two  of 
all  descriptions,  and  advertmg  to  tlie  accession  of 
population  produced  by  the  .annexation  of  a  part 
of  West  Florida,  and  by  subsequent  emigi'ations, 
conclude,  that  the  territory  contained  at  tliat  time 
(DeceniJ»er,  1814)  the  number  required  by  the 
agreement  referred  to  above,  to  entitle  it  to  admis 


expectation  of  the  inliabitanls  will  be  disappohit- 
ed,  and  their  right  impaired.  It  is  chiefly  to  avoid 
such  a  result  that  your  committee  i;ave  declined  re- 
commending a  dl\  ision  of  tlie  territory,  wijich  otlier- 
wise  iniglit  be  expedient  to  lessen  ".:  e  incon\  enien- 
ces  which,  with  or  without  division,  the  local  go- 
vernment will,  for  a  long  time,  at  least,  have  to 
sustain. 

In  relation  to  the  simple  question  of  admission, 
.is  presented  by  tlie  mcmorialii's,  jirecedents  are 
not  wanting,  eichcr  to  encourage  tlicir  application, 
or  to  grant  their  request.  The  state  of  Oliio  was 
admitted  before  it  possessed  the  number  wjiich  the 
ordinance  reqjired,  and  Louisiana  did  not  come  in 
as  to  time  or  numbers,  in  victue  of  a  strict  and  in- 
superable claim.  It  is  not  ii:iprob;ible  that  the  Mis- 
dsippi  territory  may  contain,  at  this  time,  a  greater 
population  than  either  of  those  states  did  wjien  they 
A^ere  admitted;  and  it  is  believed,  that  its  state  of 
political  minority  and  probation,  has  been  of  longei* 
duration  than  that  of  any  of  tiie  adopted  states. — 
[f,  then,  after  fifteen  years  of  restraint,  the  people 
of  this  country  should  evince  even  an  impatient  dt. 
sire  for  enlai-gement,  it  is  but  just  to  ascribe  it  to 
that  sense  of  independence  whicli  is  com: v on  to  the 
nation,  and  whicii  should  be  rather  encouraged 
than  depressed.  It  is  a  policy  worthy  of  a  govern 
ment,  which  is  consLitulcd  and  inamtained  by  the 
public  will,  to  foster,  throug-hout  the  union,  those 
fceUngs  which  give  energy  to  tlie  national  charac- 
ter, and  to  extend  to  every  portion  of  it  those  right's 
u'hicii  conduce  to  tlie  general  good.  Nor  could  a 
period  more  pn)[)iiious  to  these  ends  be  selected 
sion  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  states. —  Ithan  the  present,  when  all  American   citizens  liave 


As  this,   however,  was  a  matter   of  conjecture  and 
uncertainty,  they  solicit  admission  as  an  act  of  cour- 
te.syon  tut  p.'.rtof  the  United  States, 
j^  Vou;*  C9uiii.;^ttec  possess  };o  moAUS  of  foraiiDj  any 


new  cause  to  approve  of  their  principles  to  confide 
in  their  institutions,  and  to  be  proud  of  their  name. 
So  far,  j'our  committee  iuivc  considered  this  sub- 
ject, as  though  an  immediate  admissioii  of  the  tcf 


f^^      If ILES' WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATUIID AY,  JANUARY  20,  1816, 


yitory  were  desired  by  all  the  inhi^bltants;  but  they 
are  not  pcepa'-ed  to  sr.y  that  siicli  is  the  fact. — 
Wliilst  ir  is  true  th;\t  s\icli  admission  has  been  i-e- 
peatedly  solicited,  for  a  succession  of  years;  it  is 
also  true  that  iibout  four  years  ag-o,  a  small  irinorl- 
ty  of  the  reprticnt.Ltive  brancli  of  the  territorial  le- 
gi'-lature  protested  ai^ainst  it;  and  tJiat  about  a  year 
tiureaf  tr,  a  considerable  number  of  the  people 
themselves  petitioned  that  all  proceedings  in  con 
g'c^CHs,  on  the  subject,  mig^ht  be  poatponed.  It  was 
on  these  two  occasions,  only,  as  your  committee  be- 
lieve, that  a)iy  ijidisposi'.ion  to  a  state  g'overnment 
hus  been  expressed  10  a  national  legislature,  by  any 
of  the  people  of  the  territory,  or  of  their  rcpresen- 
tives  in  their  behalf.  Nor  is  it  under.stood  or  be- 
lieved tliat  the  reluctance  manifested  by  a  portion 
of  those  people,  arose  from  a  want  of  a  due  and 
equnl  appreciation  c.f  the  rights  and  advantager.  of 
an  independent  state.  T'le  catises  of  opposition, 
so  fjtr  aa  any  opposition  has  been  shown,  seem  to 
Jiive  been^  in  part,  an  unwilling-ness  to  incur  addi- 
tional experice  in  supporting  a  state  government, 
wiii'st  utiiler  a  peculiar  presaure  from  the  war;  but 
chietly,  an  apprehension  tliat  a  staie  government, 
V  itii  iis  insepandde  apjiendage,  a  federal  district 
court,  would  be  immediately  followed  by  a  gi-e»t 
number  tf  expensive  and  dangerous,  if  not  ruinous 
law  suj'.s  for  lands,  which  \vo'iid  grow  out  of  (v/hat 
Jirecidicd)  ihe  Yazoo  and  British  cJaims:  Xhe  war 
however,  is  iu)',v  at  an  end,  and  tlie  Yazoo  claims 
may  be  considered  as  quieted;  but  the  Briti.-ih 
claims  stjli  exist,  and  poastitute  the  sul;ject  of  se- 
veral petitions  now  before  congress,  on  whicli  it  is 
jiot  the  pio^ii'Ce  of  your  comniitiee  to  speak.  ' 

The  peiiuoiis  of  -sundiw  inhabitants  fast  of  Per.rl 
1  ivei,  in  the  san'C  teiritory,  which  also  have  been 
referred  to  your  connrdttee,  as  iiiving  relation  to 
the  question  wiiich  lias  been  considered,  state  th*t 
tiie  eastern  jjurts  of  said  territory  hi.ve  not  an  equal 
share  of  represent;. vion  widi  the  western,  in  t!;e 
ten  itoritd  legislature,  sug-gest  aii  apprehension  that 
sticli  ineqiiuliiy  may  continue  imder  k  state  g'overn- 
nient — and  pray  that  piovision  may  be  made  for 
trdciiig  a  cc":  us  of  the  people  of  th.e  territory,  for 
tj.e  pui'j.'ose  of  sectiring  to  iJl  a  rejiresentation  ac- 
■co;  ding  t)  numbers  and  equal  rights.  If  the  inter- 
posiiion  of  congress  be  necessary  to  eficct  what 
the  peiitianers  iiave  principjiliy  in  view,  namely,  a 
fiir  reprc;ei\l.,ti<m  in  the  convenuon  wli;chwili  be 
fliected  to  form  a  coiwtjtution,  some  genera',  provi- 
sion to  tl.ds  end  will  proptily  belotig  to  the  act  au- 
thorizing the  convention  to  be  chosen;  and  s!iOuid 
it,  nettriiseicss,  aft er%;jds  appear,  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  contTCNb,  tliat  s.ny  pun  of  the  territory  has 
not  !iad  its  due  proportion  of  re|>resentation  iii  such 
convention,  they  wtl!,no  doubt,  use  the  correoi^e 
which  tlity  posses;-:,  in  rejecting  the  constitutioi) 
whicii  ma}'  be  formed. 

Vpon  a  fuU  view  of  the  whole  subject  wliich  has 
been  ref>-rred  to  the  considerRtion  of  your  commit- 
tee, they  -are  of  opinion,  that  it  is  expedient  to  ad- 
mit the  Alissisijipi  itiiitory  inio  tiie  union  as  pruyed 
lor  by  the  menioriaiiols,  antl  have  prepured  a  bid 
for  th  s  piu-pose,  whicn  they  v>k  lea-ve  lorejjort. 

The  Ways  and  Meuiis. 

lieport  of  the  Commit vjs  nf  ti'ai/s  and  /il.^un.i,  in  the 
JlrA.se  of  Ji3pi\'iie7}(ali7ie>'',  to  -tuUiim  was  contmitted 
so  -iiruca  of  tlm    Jh'esident's  Jiicsnuge  us  relates  to 

Jaiuiury  9,  ISIG,-— lle^d  and  connnitted  to  a  com- 
liiiL  ce  of  the  wiioie  iio\ise.] 
JiM".  i,\>iainiaeu  o^'wayisf  ftnd  Ui^aus,  t.Q  whom  hare ' 


been  comniitte-.l  tltat  pnrt  of  'he  pracident's  mw^ 
sage  which  relates  to  the  revenue,  and  the  annual 
report  of  tlte  secretary  of  the  treasury,  excepting 
that  part  which  relates  to  the  establishment  of  ii 
bank,  asklcaA'e  to  explain  the  general  views  which 
have  induced  them  to  submit  to  the  house  the  pro- 
positions with  which  they  ahall  conclude  their  re- 
port: 

"Tjie  arrangement  of  the  finr.nces  with  a  view  to 
the  receipts  and  CTipenditures  of  a  permanent  peace 
establishment,"  has  been  the  first  subject  after 
proA'iding  for  the  deficiency  in  the  appropriations 
of  1815,  which  has  engaged  the  attention  of  thft 
committee.  Whilst  they  recognize,  with  tmmixed 
satisfaciion,  "that  improvement  m  the  condition  of 
thepu.blic  revenue,  whicli  will  allov/  an  immediate 
alleviationof  the  burthens  imposed  by  the  necessi- 
ties  of  the  war,"  tliey  v/ell  know  that  such  an  alle- 
viation can  only  be  expected  and  wished  to  an  ex- 
tent "which  shall  leave  to  the  government  the 
means  of  maintaining  its  fi.ith  inviolate,  aiid  of  pro- 
seciuing  successfully  the  measures  of  a  liberal" 
and  provident  policy. 

In  forming  an  opinion  upon  the  expenditures  of  .1 
periv.»nent  peace  establishment,  tliey  have  supposed 
it  right  that  their  attention  should  be  directed,  not 
only  to  the  resources  of  the  United  States,  but  to 
the  contlit ion  of  other  powers.  In  the  perplexed 
system  of  European  policy,  tli9  United  States  can 
ha.ve  no  dispositjoa  to  intevpose;  but  tlieir  conduct 
must  necessarily  be  affected  by  views  connected 
with  tlie  miiitai-y  or  linaucial  resources  of  those 
states  with  which  their  relations  are  most  interest- 
ing. It  is  impossible  not  to  see  that  Etu-ope  is  moire 
n.iiitary  than  ever,  and  tliat,  accustomed  by  twen- 
ty years  of  war  to  exertions  that  were  once  thought 
impracticable,  fcer  governments  have  acquired  a 
power  which  makes  preparation  more  difficult  and 
more  necessary,  on  the  part  of  every  state  exposed 
to  the  chance  of  tlieir  hostility.  It  must  be  doubt- 
ful  what  precise  increase  of  expenditure  these  con-, 
siderations  of  foreign  policy  or  views  of  internal 
improvement  may  induce  congress  eventually  tu 
autliorize?  but  even  the  measm'esnow  before  tltem 
.'Ppear  to  require  a  considerable  addition  to  the  es-. 
timates  of  the  annual  peace  expenditm'e. 

'i'iie  only  preparation  agiiinst  the   dangers  of  fo- 
reign aggression,  which  it  falls  within  the  duties  pf 
the  committee  of  wa}'s  and  means  to  recommend,  is 
that  of  a  revenue;  which,  in    sujjplying   the  want^ 
of  the  goverunient,  sb.all  not  burtlien  unnecessarily 
the  industry  of  the  citizen;  which  shall  be  capable 
of  repairing,  by  an  expansion  of  the  joowers  of  some 
of  its  part-    the    injuries  wluch  war  may  inflict  i^ 
otiicrs;  and  above  all,  shall  be  disencumbered  from 
debt  as  soon    as  the  resources  of  the  o'  atry  and 
the  condltioni  of  its  contr.tcts  will  permit.     Piddic 
dtb's  have  indee<l   sometimes  been  considered  as 
giviiig  stability  and  ordfr  to  a  state,  but  the  commit- 
iee  can  never  believe  that  a  government  which  se- 
cures every  civil  and  political  right  to  the  great  bo- 
dy of  the  "jieople,  Cjtn    want    that  security    which 
would  be  aHbrded  by  the  distj  ibuiion  of  any  amount 
of  annual    interest  upon  its  debt,  whicli    to  be  re- 
ceived by  the  few  must  be  piiid  by  the  many.     It 
niay  be  true,  that  a  public  debt  only  makes  a  dif- 
ferent distribution  of  tiie  income  of  society,  but  it 
pays  the  stockhouier  what  should  be  reserved  for 
supporting  the  seapian  and  soldier.     That  govern- 
ment  jtulccd   does  well,  which,  when  forced  into 
war,  brings  iuio  die  contest  every  resource  which 
credit  or  revenue   can  furnish;  but  it  neglects  ono 
of  Its  first  duties,  when  it  allows  the  season  of  peace 
to  iJaSb  aWay  w  itaiout  aji  adequate  prot;i£;o!,i./'3Sv*C^ 


HILES'  WEEKLY  REeiSTEfU-WAYS  AND  MEANS, 


O 


55 


ftiovin^  ererv  inciimbrance  upon  its  effccdve  i-eve-,  committee,    of  a  modific^aion,  whicl),  by  proper 
nuc.     Tlie  commitlee  accordingly  consider  it  us  ail  tioning  the  price  of  llie  llcen.sv   in  some  duj^ree  to 

the  busineas  of  the  retailer,  3hall  render  tiiem  as 


indispensable  requiyite  in  any  arrang'ement  of  re 
Tenue  and  expenditure  in  peace,  tiiat  it  shall  pro- 
vide for  tlie  r.;pi(l  exiing-uisiiment  of  the  public 
debt. 

To  obtain  tliii  object,  a  considerable  revenue 
wil!  be  required.  In  selecting  the  trtxes  which 
alioviidconipoic  i*,  tr.e  duties  upon  imported  arii- 
'ifties  may  be  expected  to  furnish  the  principal  sup- 
ply. Clciipiind  easy  in  iheLr  collectio»,  paid  like 
aii  indirect  laxeD,  wlien  it  'n  convenient  to  pay  them, 
■%l\ey  n-ill  be  found,  under  a  system  of  prudent  mo- 
deri^tion,  to  discourage  no  branch  of  national  indus- 
trv.  Dati?:5,  indeed,  eitlier  upon  importation  or 
exportation,  seem  to  be  tlie  natural  resource  of 
Coinfries  thinly  peopled;  which,  exporting  a  Urge 


amount  ofUieir  agiicid'airal  pi-oduccions,  receive  in 
return  the  manutVcuires  of  oider  states.  The  dis- 
.tance  loo,  of  ti^e  states  from  which  oui- importations 
arc  made,  renders  ii  more  difficult  to  evade  tiie  pay- 
ment of  duties  liere  ih.ii  in  countries  whicn  are 
.separated  from  active  and  enterprising-  neighbors 
^y  a  river  or  a  conventional  line.  But  as  om*  agri- 
•ulture  obtains  m.-ckets  at  home,  as  weultn  spreads 
.itself  over  inland  cjuntrie.,  wliere  commerce  CiJi 
¥ul  imperfecUy  follow,  our  imports  liS  well  as  oav 
exports,  must  bear  a  coniinuaUy  lessening  propor- 
tion to  tiie  wealth  of  the  country. 

And  even  now,  vvJii.e  Uie  prhicipal  source  of  or- 
dinary revenue  in  peace  must  be  furnished  by  the 
jcustonis,  i.  is  probable  that  they  could  not  be  con- 
tinued or  HiCi-e^sed  to  an  amount  wnicii  tlie  ln(ere'5t 
a.id  i-eimbur.sLment  of  our  debt  and  tjie  provisions 
for  our  seciiri'iy  require,  without  increasing  too  far 
tiie  cemptution  to  illicit  importation.     Tiie    objec- 
tions  too,  to   an  enUre  reii.nce  upon  tiieni,    have 
been  too  rully  developed  by   recent   experience   lo 
allov.'  liic  coTTimii  tee  to  recommend  that  thej  should 
constitute  tlie    wiiole  income  of  the  country.     The 
liberal  provision  Widch  tJiey  arc  capable  of  making 
in  pc.icc,  dibappears   in  the  moment  wiien  war  re- 
qnli'es     larger     contributions.       The    government 
which  is  lef:  at  such  a  time  to  explore  new  systems 
of  internal  taxation,  to  discover  and  draw  hito  the 
public   service  tJic  men  wlio  are   capable  of  filling 
the  dirierent  depar'.mentsof  the  revenue,  is  reduc- 
ed to  u   condition   in   wliicii  the    zcul  and  braver) 
and  resources  of  tlie  nation  can    produce  uieir  na- 
tural effects  but  imperfectly.  The  committee  tJieie- 
fore  concur  fully  with  the  secretary  of  the  trea~svLr\ 
in  Uie  opinion  which  lie  has  expressed,  "tnat  (he  er;- 
tablishmeiu  of  a  revenue    syslem,  wlucii  shall  not 
be  exclusively  dependent  upon  tJae  supplies  of  i'o- 
Teign  commerce,  «ppears,  at  tliis  juncture,  to  claia: 
particular  attention." 

As  a  result  of  these  general  views,  the  committee, 
V/itii  deference  to  the  house,  recommend  the  adop- 
tion of  tlie  plan  of  revenue   contained  Li   Uje  report 
of  the  secretary  of  tiie  treasury,  witli  tiie  exception 
of  that   part  of  it  whicii    proposes    to  continue   tiie 
addiiional   duties  upon  postage,  and  to  repeal   the 
additional  duties  on   licences  to  rctnilers  of  wines, 
spirituous  liquors,  and  foreign  merchandize  impo- 
sed by  the  iict  of  December,   1814.     The  communi- 
cation of  mtelligence  between  tiie  diiterent  parts  of 
the  country^  it  appears  to  tiie  coniniiiiee  to  be  the 
juiV  policy  of  our  government  to  Ucllitate  and  en- 
courage; and  although  it  might  have  been  fight  to 
exact  a  revenue  from  it,  under  cii'cumstances  which 
made  it  necessary  to  apply  every  resource  to  the  de- 
fence   of  the    stav.e,  tlie  present    situation    of  the 
treasury  may  well   .dlow  of  its  repeal.     The  duties 


productive  as  the  new  rates,  and  lc3S  oppressive 
than  the  old  ones.     But  as  such  ntodilication  could 
only  apply  to  licences  for  ISir,  the  committee  prow- 
pose  to  make  it  the  subject  of  a  future  report. 

Thepermai^ent  laws  now  in  force  may  be  expect:; 
ed,  aucr  the  expiration    of  temjiorary    duties,  ty 
produce  a  nett  annual  revenue  of  $j25,2rS,34l). 
The   direct  tax,  a 

nett  amount  of  5,600,003 

The  sale  of  publii^ 

lands,  1,000,000 

Licences  to  distil- 

lc/3,  gross  amount. 
Carriages, 
Licences  to  retail- 
ers. 
Auctions^ 


1,200,000 
175,000 

900,000 

400,000 


Datie.s  on  furnltura 

and  watches, 
On  munufactures. 
Excise  on  distiiled 
spirits^ 


2,oro,0'v'0  2,ol4,500;j  unit;-, 

300,000 
1,311,000 

2,500,000 


l^ostage. 

Customs, 


4,111,000  3,864,340  n  am 
300,000 
12,000,000 

25,278,840 

Such  is  the  estimate  of  tlie  annual  revenue  which 
by  law  is  declared  to  be  pledged  "to  provide  ?m-  the 
payment  of  the  expences  of  government,  for  the 
punctual  payment  of  the  public  debt,  and  for  ere? 
ating'  an  adequate  sinking  fiuid,"  If  the  recom- 
mendation contained  in  the  report  of  ihe  secretary 
witii  the  mo(.litications  proposed  by  the  committee, 
shall  be  carried  into  ettect,  there  will  }>e  deduct  ctl 
from  this  revenue  of  S25,2r8,84Q 

Tlie  nett  amount  of  du- 
ties (m  furnitiu-e  and 
watches,  on  manufac- 
tures and  distilled 
spii-its  3,864,340 

The  postage  duty,  300,UOO 

And  from  the  nett  pro- 
duct of  the  land  l.ii  2,900,000 

-7,064,34^,, 

But  there  will  be  added  to  the  revenuci- 
By  tlie  additional  duty 


on  stills, 
The  duty  on  stximps, 
l)n  refined  sugar, 
On  salt". 


1,200,000 
400,000 
150,000 
500,009 


Gross  artiount, 

Nett  amount, 
Dv  an  addition  to  tlic 
customs  equal  to  the 
produciof  in  average 
addition  of  42  per  ct. 
to  (lie  rales  of  per- 
manent duty. 


Making  the  excess  of 
revenue  added,  abovs 
that  deducted. 


2,250,000 


2,115,09^- 


5,0i0,00(i 
r,  155,000 


9%C)e,Q- 


xind  the  annua!  revenue,  %j,yyj,j\)'i 

In   >ne  report  of  trie  secretary    if  tlo  trc.-unu^i." 
fillicenpe-^.  torstaiiers  admit.  In  "ttie  j^pinioo  ©f  the<  wnicJi  lias  beat  refevved  to  tUt;  coaiin4.aee—» 


g56        NII-ES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  1^  18J6, 


Tiie  Hinount  oftbe  annual  civil,  diploiriutic  andmis- 
cclkaieous  expenceB  is  estimaledat     ^l,80U.0>Xi 
Tlie  anntial  r.iiiiuiry  expences,  at  5,112,159 

The  r^nr.iuil  naval  ftxpence,  at  2.716,51U 

Tlie  iiiteres*  on  Tne  funded  debt,  at  about   6,150,000 


%13,778,6G9 
To  iMs  e'ilimate  of  annual  expenaliure  miglil  be 
added  ilie  amount  af  about  Sl,o50,000,  appropii;-,- 
'  ed  to  the  payment  of  the  principal  of  the  public 
♦lebt;  which,"  with  t!;e  g, 6, 156,000  i-pplicable  to  tlie 
payment  of  the  interest,  constitutes  the  sinkin.c;;  fund 
of  558,000,000.  But  perhnps  an  easier  view  of  the 
f  uhjpct  may  be  afforded  by  stating'  separately  tlie 
i\hole  <-um  wliicii  it  is  pioposed  to  apply  to  th.e 
])aymentof  the  principal  of  the  publTc  debt,  excUi- 
^ively  of  the  interest. 

If  tlie  annual  revenue,  under  the  law  proposed, 
be  ^25,o69.500,  and  the  ordinary  annual  expense 
be  gl5,rro.6f)9,  there  wdl  be  a  balance  of  9,590,831 
dollars,  whicn  may  be  applied,  as  congress  sliall 
direct,  ton>itir,nal  defence,  to  intei'nal  improvement, 
-and  to  tlie  extinguishment  of  the  public  debt.  The 
considerations  vvhicli  have  been  already  adverted 
"to  as  enjoining'  the  policy  of  providing-  for  the  ex- 
ting-uiiiiiiient  of  the  jjublic  debt  as  soon  as  the  re- 
sources of  t!ie  country  and  the  conditions  of  its  con- 
tracts will  permit,  ir.duce  the  committee  to  pro- 
Jiose  that  to  tiiat  oliject  may  be  anmially  appropri- 
r.ted  seven  millions,  after  the  ycu  1816;  wliicli, 
tidded  to  the  sum  appropriated  to  the  payment  of 
interest,  Avill  form  a  sinkins^  fund  of  ^13,150,000, 
and  extinguish  tlie  public  debt  in  less  than  twelve 
years.  This  appropriation  would  still  leave  an  ex- 
cess of  annual  revenue  above  tlie  estimates  of  or- 
dinary ex'penditure  furrusued  b)'  the  secretary  of 
the  treasury  of  upv  ;'.rds  of  two  millions  luul  a  half, 
to  be  applied  to  any  other  branch  of  the  public  ser- 
v'.ce. 

The  committee  have  confined  their  observation? 
to  tiie  receipts  and  expenditures  of  a  permanent 
peace  establishment.  T'iie  modification  of  the  plan 
<if  the  secretary  of  th.e  treasury  which  they  h.ave  pro- 
posed, will  jiroduce  too  small  an  efiect  upon  tlie 
receipts  of  1816  to  require  a  distinct  exposition  of 
them,  and  tlie  dcliciency  in  the  receipts  ofltJ16 
(widen  is  sug^e-sted  in  the  treasur}-  report,)  canuoi 
disturb  the  calculatioiis  which  have  been  submitted 
of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  succeeding- 
years,  since  the  estimated  deficiency  is  le.ss  tiutn 
hcven  millions,  and  the  outstanding  revenue  on  the 
"'st  of  .T;mu;;ry,  1817",  will  be  about  twenty  miiiions. 
If,  liowcvcr,  tlic  demands  upon  th.e  treasury  in  181/', 
511  consequejice  of  congress  assuming  the  payment 
cf  expences  incarred  during  war  which  it  has  not 
yet  sanctioned,  or  from  any  other  cause  shall  be  in- 
creased beyond  the  present  estimates  or  beyond  an 
:inio>;nt  for  v.-hich  t;:e  unajipropriated  revenue  mav 
provide,  the  si.iking  fund  ma}-  be  chsE-ged  for  the 
yeM-  1817,  witn  the  payment  of  the  treasury  notes 
which  may  be  issued  under  the  laws  now  in  force. 
In  pi  eventiug  an  addition  of  new  funded  debt,  it 
Y.-iu  perform  ivs  office  as  usefully  as  in  extinguish- 
ing ihc  old  debt. 

1.  li^wlved,  That  it  is  expedient  to  continue  in  force 
iindi  thcoOth  day  of.K.ne  next,  and  until  an  aci 
shall  be  p,<s-ied  establitlihiganewtariftof  duties, 
the  act  entitled  "an  act  for  imposing  acUUtional 
duties  upon  all  goods,  wares,  and  nicrciiandj-/.f, 
jmpoi-tcd  from  any  foreign  port  or  pl.tce,  and  for 
oilier  puqjoses;"  "p.^ssccron  ihelsiJuly,  1812. 

2.  I/esolved,  That  it  i*  expedient  to  continue  in 
foTct   the  act  entitled   "an  aet  laving  a  duiv  on 


imported  salt;  granting  a  bounty  on  pickled  fish 
exported,  and  allowances  to  certain  vessels  evn- 
ployed  in  the  fisiieries;"  passed  on  the  29tli  July, 
1813, 

3.  Jifbolved,  That  it  is  expedient  to  continue  inforce^ 
the  act  entitled  "an  act  laying  duties  on  sugar 
refined  within  the  United  States;"  passed  on  the 
24tli  July,  1813. 

4.  Ee.iolved,  That  it  is  expedient  to  continue  in  force 
the  act  enti'.led  "an  act  laying  duties  on  notes  of 
banks,  bankers,  and  certain  companies;  on  notes, 
bonds,  and  obligations  discounted  by  banks,  bank- 
ers, and  certain  companies;  and  on  bills  of  ex- 
ciiang-e  of  certain  descriptions;"  passed  on  the 
2d  of  August,  1813— and  also  the  act  supplemen- 
tary shereto,  pass£d  on  the  10th  day  ofDece-ai- 
ber,  1814. 

5.  Kcsolved,  That  it  is  expedient  to  repeal,  from 
the  day  of  next,  so  much  of  the  act  en- 
titled "an  act  to  provide  additional  revenues  for 
defraying  the  expences  of  government  and  main- 
taining the  public  credit,  by  duties  on  sales  at 
auction,  and  on  licenses  to  retail  wines,  spiritu- 
ous liquors,  and  foreign  merchandize,  and  for 
cuci  easing'  the  rates  of  postage,"  passed  on  the 
2od  of  December,  1814,  as  imposes  additional 
duties  on  postage. 

6.  Besolved,  That  it  is  expedient  so  to  .arnend  the 
act  entitled  "an  act  to  provide  additional  reve- 
nues for  defraying  the  exjiences  of  government, 
and  nu-intaining  the  public  credit,  by  layi:ig  a 
direct  tax  upon  the  United  States,  and  to  provide 
for  assesshig  and  collecting  the  same,"  passed 
on  the  9th  J.umary,  1315,  as  to  reduce  the  direct 
tax  to  be  levied  for  the  year  1816,  and  succeed- 
ing years,  to  three  millions;  and  al.so  so  to  amend 
the  act  entitled  "an  act  to  provide  additional  re- 
venues for  defraying  the  exiiences  of  govern- 
ment, and  maintaining  the  public  credit  by  laying 
a  direct  tax  upon  the  District  of  Columbia, "pass- 
ed  on  the  27tli  of  February,  1815,  as  to  reduce 
the  direct  tax  to  be  levied  therein,  annually,  to 
9999  20-100.   ■ 

7.  liesoli-ed,  That  it  is  expedient  to  repeal  the  act 
eiuitled  "an  act  to  provide  additional  revenues 
for  defraying  the  expences  of  govejument  and 
maintainiiig  tlie  public  credit,  by  laying  duties  on 
spirits  distilled  witJiin  the  United  States  and  ter- 
ritories tjiereof,  and  by  amending  the  act  laying 
duties  on  licenses  to  distillers  of  spirituous  li- 
quors/' passed  on  tiie  21st  of  December,  1814, 
excepting-  only  the  16th,  18th  19lh  and  24th  sec- 
tions thereof,  from  and  after  the  1st  day  of  April 
next,  and  from  the  same  day  to  add  100  per  cent, 
to  the  amount  sf  the  duty  wh.icli  ail  stills  now 
s'.iijject  to  duty  are  liable  to  pay. 

8.  Uenolved,  Tiiat  it  is  expedient  to  repeal,  from  and- 
af.er  the  IHtli  d.ay  of  April  next,  the  act  entitled 
"an  act  to  jn-ovide  addition  revenues  for  defraying 
the  expences  of  government  and  mahitaining-  the 
public  credit,  by  laying  duties  on  various  goods, 
wares  and  merchandise,  iiianufi.etiu'ed  within  the 
United  States,"  passed  on  the  18th  of  Januai-y, 
1815,  and  also  the  act  to  pr&vide  additional  reve- 
nues for  defraying  the  expences  of  governracnt 
and  maintaining  tiic  public  credit,  by  laying  a  du- 
ty on  gold,  silver  and  plated  ware,  and  jewelry, 
and  p:'ste  work,  manufuctured. within  tht  United 
States,"  passed  on  tlie  18ilxof  January,  1S15,  from 
the  same,  tlay. 

9.  Jiesolvcd,  That  it  is  expedient  to  repeal  the  act 
entitled  "an  acrt,  to  provide  additional  re\  enues  for 
defraying  the  expences  of  g-o%  crnmcnt  and  main- 
taining the  public  credit,'  by  laying   d'uies   pn 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER-CANADIAN  VOLUNTEERS. 


S57 


iiouschold  furniture,  and  on  g-old  iind  suver 
watches,"  passed  on  the  18th  of  January,  1815. 
Jj3,  Resolvd,  That  it  expedient  so  'lO  amend  du 
rates  of  duties  upon  imported  articles,  after  tin. 
50th  of  June  next,  as  that  they  shall  be  eitimated 
to  produce  an  amount  equal  to  that  wliich  would 
be  produced  by  an  averag'e  addidon  of  ^2  per 
cant,  to  the  permanent  rates  of  duties. 

11.  Res'jlvd,  That  the  deficiency  arising  from  the 
reduction  or  abolition  of  any  of  the  duties  hereto- 
fore pledg-ed  by  law  for  the  support  of  the  ^o- 
verament,  for  thepavment  of  the  public  debt,  and 
the  establishment  of  a  sSkin^  fund.shali  be  siip- 
plied  by  appropriating 'to  those  objects,  a  sufli- 
ciciit  anioimt  from  the  product  of  the  taxes  or  du- 
ties proposed  to  be  continued  or  increaKcd. 

12.  Resolved,  That  it  is  e:spedient  that  fi-om  and  af- 
ter the  year  1816,  an  addition  shall  be  made  to 
tlic  sum'of  8,000,000  of  dollars,  now  annually  ap- 
propriated for  the  payment  of  the  intei-est  and 
principal  of  the  public  debt,  so  as  to  make  the 
Avhole  sum  to  be  appropriated  annually  to  that 
purpose,  13,500,000  doUai-s. 


under  the  unexecuted  aii'^liorlty,  contained  in  ta» 
..cts  of  the  I4tli  of  M^rch,  1812  ;'  the  24th  of  :\rarch 
ind  15th  November,  18U;  and  tlic  Sd  Mraxii,  1815  ; 
Jid  of  the  issues  of  treasury  notes,  under  the  un- 
executed authority  contained  in  the  act  of  the2-itl\ 
jf  Februaiy,  1815. 

5.  Any  otlier  unappropriated  monies  wldcli  mar- 
come  into  tlie  treasury  durh'.g-  the  year  1815.     ' 

I  li:,ve  the  honor  1:0  be,  very  resi)ectfully,  sir,  vouf 
.nost  obedient  servant, 

A.  J.  DALLAS. 
The  iMiiorable  the  speaker  of  the 

house  of  representatives. 


Treasury*  Estimates  for  1816. 

Copy  of  a  lettei-  from  the  secretai'y  of  the  treasvrtj  to 
tlie  speaker  of  the  houne  of  representati-jes  : 

TniiASCHT  DEPAnT.MKXT,  Jan.  2,  1816. 
Src — I  have  the  honor  to  transmix  herewith,  for 
the  infoinnation  of  the  house  of  representatives,  an 
estimate  of  the  appropriations  proposed  for  the  ser- 
vice of  the  year  1816,  amounting'  in  the  whole,  to 
the  sum  of  nineteen  millions  nine  hundred  and  fif- 
teen thousand  four  hundred  :ukI  thirty-one  dollars 
and  fortv-five  cents.  There  having  been  already  ap- 
propriated, by  the  act  of  the  21st  of  December  last, 
the  sum  of  nine  millions  eip:ht  hundred  and  eig-lity- 
five  thousand  three  liundredand  seventy-two  dollars, 
for  certain  military  expences,  there  will  be  left  the 
sum  often  millions  and  thirty  thousand  and  fiftj-nhie 
dollars  forty -five  cents,  under  tiie  foUowinsj  lieads, 

viz  : 

Tor  the  civil  list,  901,612  34 

For  miscellaneous  expences,  573,071  11 

For  tlie  expences  of  hitercoiu-se  with 

foreig-n  nations,  261,000  00 

'For  themilitary  establishment,  includ- 
-'      inj  the  Indian  department, 

14,541,677 
From  whicli,  deducting- 
the  amount  appropria- 
ted bv  the  act  of  tlie 
21st  Dec.  1815,  9,885, 

There  is  left  the  sum  of 


for  the  naval  establislimcnt,   includ- 
ing the  marine  c^rps, 


4,656,305  00 
3,638,071  00 


10,039,050  45 


The  funds  out  of  which  tlie  appropriations  for  tiie 
year  1816  may  be  discharged,  ai-e  the  foltowuig- : 

1.  The  sum  of  600,0'JO  doilai<s,  annually  reserved 
by  the  act  of  tiie  4l.h  oT  Aupist,  179  J,  out  of  the 
duties  of  customs,  towards  tr.e  expences  of  govern- 
ment. 

2.  The  proceeds  of  the  stamp  duties  and  the  duty 
on  su.':::u-  refined  within  the  United  States. 

3.  The  surplus  which,  m.iy  remain  of  the  customs, 
the  direct  t:»x,  and  tlie  internal  duties,  ("otiier  tlum 
those  on  refined  su;4"tr  and  on  stiunps)  afler  satisfy- 
ing the  payments  for  which  they  arc  pledged  and 
appropriated. 

4.  The  proceeds  of  such  loqinB  as  may  be  made 


(yanadian  Volunteers. 

Fi)  the  honrjvable  the  SL'iiate  and  Jhits"  of  Jieprenea- 
tatives  of  the  United  Statea,  in  Conp'ess  ar^emb/cd. 
T've  memorial  of  Abi-aliam  Markle,  Gideon.  Fri.^ble, 
and  their  associates,*  respectively  sliewetli — 
That  yottr  memorialists,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  late  war  between  tiie  l-nited  States  aufl  Great 
Rritain,  were  inhabitants  of  Upper  Canada,  in  tlie 
Rritisli  dominions,  whitlicr' tliey  had  prevloualr 
migrated  from  tjie  United  States.  That  at  an  early 
period  of  the  contest  th.ey  wei-e  called  upon  to  take 
up  arms  against  their  former  countrymen  and 
brethren,  who  composed  the  army  of  tlie  L^nited 
States  :  That  this  call  they  were  bound  to  obey, 
while  the)'  contir.ued  to  enjoy  the  protection  of,  and 
to  acknowledge  allegiance  to  the  go\  criinient  of 
Great  I'ritain  :  That  their  early  prejudice — their 
native  feelings  and  aficctions  for  the  soil  and  the 
clime  thrA  gave  them  birtli,  iijiaily  determined  them 
'.  o  dissolve  their  connection  with  their  adopted  go- 
vernment :  That  hispired  by  this  determination, 
general  Hull's  proclamation  was  the  v\-elcome  signal 
for  some,  and  the  subsequent  i;ivasion  by  general 
Dearborn  for  others,  ot'your  memorialists  to  join  tlie 
American  standard:  That  in  consequence  of  this 
their  devotion  to  tlie  catise  of  the  United  States, 
their  families,  which  v.-ere  left  in  the  enemy's  terri- 
tory, were  long  exposed  to  tiie  most  humiliating 
privations  and  distresses,  and  were  finally  driven 
out  of  the  province  :  That  the  property  of  your  me- 
morialists v.'as  confiscated  b','  the  Rritisli  govern- 
ment, leaving  them  destitute  of  all  support  but 
that  which  they  derived  from  their  pay  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  United  States  ;  and  some  of  your  memo- 
rialists possessed  large  and  ample  estates,  with  all 
tlie  means  of  enjoyment  that  could  render  life  !iap- 
py  and  desirable  :  That  the  termination  of  the  war 
threw  them  out  of  service  and  cm.plo;  ment,  many 
of  them  being  entirely  destitute  of  the  means  of 
subsistence,  save  tjieir  industry  and  e3iterprize : 
Tiiat  since  the  termination  of  the  war,  they  have 
had  and  stjU  liave  to  encounter  .in  uiy  emljaiTass- 
mcnts  arising  out  of  the  pccudiarity  of  their  situa- 
tion— a  situation  more  easily  felt  than  described. 

In  tins  state  of  things,  what  remains  for  joiu-me- 
moriali-jts,  but  to  tiirow  themselves  ujion  the  justice 
and  m&gntuiimity  of  the  United  States,  in  congress 
assembled.''  This  they  have  determined  to  do  ;  in 
full  confidence  that  their  cLiims  are  too  just  to  be 
rejected  ;  and  that  they  will  find  an  advocate  in  the 
breast  of  every  member  ;  especially  when   the  in- 


The  "Canadian  volunteers,"  headed  by  the  gal- 
lant col.  Wilcocks,  who  was  killed  in  one  of  our 
battles  on  the  Niagara,  in  all  of  which  he  and  liis 
hardy  band  participated  to  the  very  car.non'.s  moutli. 
We  trust  that  the  re])rcscntatives  of  agratefi!  peo- 
ple v.'ill  reward  their  v<ilor,  and  indemnify  their  suf- 
ferings, as  fur  as  in  their  pov.'crlj??. 


35  8       NILES'  WEEKLY  RFOISTER—SA tURDAT,  JANUARY  90,  181^ 


^iicrments  held  out  to  vouv  memoriaUsis  by  the 
prockraation  of  general  Hull  stre  recoiiected— and 
iaw  powerfully  such  inducements  Avere  calcidated 
to  seir.e  upon  the  feeling-s  of  native  Americans,  who, 
■finug*»  they  had  changed  tlieir  g-ovenmient,  could 
not  for  that  reason  stifle  the  voice  of  nature,  and 
.»'eel  their  hoio-t.s  to  their  ties  of  (ionsangainity,  and 
tiie  Irresistr.ble  impulse  which  tlie  love  of  country 
never  fails  to  produce. 

Your  mcmori'dists  pray,  therefore,  that  in  consi- 
tlcration   of  their  sutfering:  and   sei-viccB    in  your 
cause,  tlic  necessary  evidence  of  which  will  be  laid 
before  vour  honorable  body,  that  your  honorable  bo-; 
dy  v'oukl  grant  them  a  tract  of  land,  in  the  Indiana] 
ten-itory,  lately  purchased  of  tlic  Indians  by  gene-j 
ral  Harrison,  on  ibe  part  of  the  United  States,  on; 
which  to  settle  for  the  remrunder  of  their  lives  ;  the 
g'rant  to  be  to  each  applicant  in  proportion  to  his 
losses.  . 

Your  memorialists  are  aware  that  with  superficial 
observers,  thtir  conduct  in  abandoning  their  adopt- 
ed  for  their  native  country,  in  the  late  contest,  may 
■wear  the  appearance  of  had  faith.  But  from  every 
age,  both  in  ancient  and  modern  iiistory,  examples 
may  be  derived  to  sanction  their  preference :  And 
without  aiming  to  bias  the  decision  of  the  represent 
■  tatives  of  a  free  and  independent  people,  they  feel 
emboldened  to  say,  that  if  tise  loyalists  in  the  Ame- 
rican revolution  were  muninciently  rewarded  by 
tlie  crovMi  of  Great  Britain,  for  aiding  a  wicked  .at- 
tempt to  enslave  their  ni.tive  country  ;  your  memo- 
rialists may  well  claim  remuneration  from  th.at  coun- 
try for  attempting,  at  the  sitcrifice  of  all  their  pro- 
perty and  enjoyments  in  a  foreign  land,  to^  extend 
the  empire  of  its  free  and  benevolent  institutions, 
and  promote  iis  prosperity  and  glory. 


a  gTi;.<.t  u.e.isure,  the  pace  of  ho  sQiall  silver  cdin?, 
which  have  now    Imost  totaU;,     is-ppcired.  ' 

I  have  the  honor  to  -  e,  sir,  witii  the  grevtest  r^ 
spect  and  esteem,  your  most  obt  tlient  sei-vtint,  ; 

R.  I'ATTEllSOJV 
Ja>tes  Madison, 

President  of  the  United  States. 


The  Mint  EstablishuKwt. 

JicJ)ort  of  the  Director  to  the  Preside^it  of  the  United 
States. 
Mi'ST  OF  THK  U.  States,  Jan.  1,  1816. 

Sra— I  have  the  honor,  at  this  time,  of  laying  be- 
fore jou,  a  report  of  the  operations  of  ihe  mint,  dur- 
ing the  last  yeai". 

From  the  statement  of  the  treasurer,  herewith 
transmitted,  it  willappc.ir,  that  during  that  period 
/there  have  been  struck  at  tlie  mint — 

In  gold  coins,  635  pleqes,  amounting  tp  3,175 
dollars  : 

In  silver  coins,  69,232  pieces,  amounting  to  17,308 
doUsrs,  making  in  the  whole  69,867  pieces,  amount- 
ing to  20,483  dollars. 

The  higli  price  of  gold  and  silver  bullion,  for 
some  time  p.ast,  in  the  current  paper  money  of  the 
*?Ountiy,  has  prevented,  and  as  long-  as  tliis  shall 
continue  to  be?  the  case,  must  necessarily  prevent 
deposits  of  tliese  metals  being  made  for  coinage, 
to  any  considerable  amount.  But  a  fresh  supply  of 
copper  having  lately  been  received  at  the  mint,  we 
have  again  resamed  the  coin.\gc  of  cents  ;  and  it  is 
believed  that  we  shall,  in  tlie  course  of  tlie  year, 
should  no  fsilure  in  the  expected  supply  of  copper 
take  place,  be  fully  able  to  coin  fifiy  tons  weight, 
amounting  to  nearly  47,000  dollars  ;  :ind  that  with 
a  rcgulai'  supply  of  copper,  which  can  readiiy  be 
procured  on  terms  highly  advant;.gcous  to  govern- 
ment, we  can  continue  to  coin  hf'v  tons  per  annum, 
als  long  as  it  may  be  judged  expedient. 

Tlie  circulation  of  these  copper  coins,  and  of 
^hose  heretofore  issued,  from  the  mint,  (amounting 
tjj  251,646  dollars)  and  which  be  still  nearly  all  in 
the  country,  vronM,  it  r.-;  presumed, ■^oon  supply,  in 


Legislature  of  Virginia. 

December  29,  1814.  Tlie  speaker  iaici  before  tli© 
house  the  following  communication  from  the  ga^. 
vernor:  " 

Corivcrt  Chamder,  Dec.  30,  1815. 
Fellnw  citizens  of  the  house  of  d'-legates, 

In  compliance  with  your  resolution  of  the  lltlj 
inst.  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  enclosed  re- 
port from  the  auditor.  It  will  be  observed,  that 
this  account  only  includes  money  actually  paid;  the 
unsettled  accounts  will  be  added  .i3  soon  as  they  are 
adjusted.  The  supplies  of  munitions  of  war  fui*, 
nishedbythe  state,  are  not  charged  by  the  auditor 
but  are  carried  into  (.he  account  with  the  United 
St.ites.  The  interest  puid  by  the  state  upon  this 
money  borrowed  and  applied  to  the  prosecution  of 
the  war,  is  not  included  in  the  enclosed  statement; 
it  vriU  be  charged,  and  1  have  no  doubt  will  bereji. 
imbursed  by  the  United  States 

W.  C.  NICHOLAS. 
Amount  of' warrants  issued,  chargeable  to  the  Unit 

ted  States  to  23d  Dec.  1815,  %\,779,2a:i  %i 

Ciu 
1814,  Nov.  16th.  By 

United  States'  Treasury 

Notes,        -  -        S  100,000  OQ 

By  William  Campbell,  fop 

articles    sold  at  public 

auction,  -  p    •:       256  83 

-— 100,256  ^ 

^1,678.976  79 

JOHN  BUUFOOT,  Auditor. 
Auditor's  Office,  2Gih  Dec.  1815, 

[The  accompanying  statement  shews,  that  sine* 
the  commencement  of  the  last  war,  Virginia  ha9 
borrowed  §1,756,200,  of  which  §730,000  has  bceu 
extinguished — leaving  976,500  etill  vtipaid — of  this 
220,000  is  to  be  reimbursed  to  the  Farmers'  Bank, 
out  of  the  first  monies  received  into  the  U'easury, 
in  the  mean  time,  to  be  at  7  percent,  interest — the 
balance  of  the  debt  is  not  reimbursable,  but  after 
long  periods,  viz:  350,000  (to  tlie  Virginia  Bank  at 
7  per  cent.)  on  the  29th  March,  1829 — 400,000  (to 
the  Farmer's  Bank  at  7  per  cent)  on  1st  May  1827 -« 
and  6,2*JU  (to  the  Literai-y  Fund,  at  8  per  cent)  14tU 
Feb.  1830.] 


Legislature  of  South  Carolina^, 

GOVEIINOR'S  -MESSAGE. 

T-J  the  Senate  mid  House  nf  Representutivcs, 

Fellow  citizkns, — The  circumstances  which  af-^ 
feci  our  beloved  country,  and  those  portions  of  the 
society  of  man  with  which  our  commerci.".!  interest 
must  closely  connect  us,  are  so  greatly  changed 
since  your  last  session,  that  our  nation,  tUen  select- 
ed by  a  poweiful  and  enraged  enemy,  as  tlie  object; 
of  vengeance  :.nd  punishm.ent,  x\o\\  finds  itself,  after 
a  great  and  successful  struggle,  esjoying  the  only 
desirable  situation  of  all  that  great  community  of 
states.  The  influences  of  an  honorable  peace  per- 
vade our  whole  country;  the  expences,  or  ravages  o,^ 
a  crttei  and  fri-gbtful  -.^^r  op^jress  ^hose  wly?  w«;ft 


i 


JflLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SOUTH    CAROLINA. 


359 


trcn  eithei*  careless  of  onr  fute  or  solicitous  of  our 
rsjin.  TJie  ministers  of  Eng-hmd,  finding  its  im- 
mense i-.iiil  victorious  armies  disposuble  by  the 
pe:.ceof  Pdiij,  .iml  estimating- our  strenp^th  as  tliey 
I  TV'ouM  that  of  a  power  of  tbe  old  v/orld,  by  the  num- 
'  ber  of  otir  nxnnv,  ordered,  confident  of  success,  the 
conflag;r;ttion  of  our  cities,  the  spoils  of  otir  luiid, 
a:id  tviijiout  doiiht  expected,  as  sanguineiy  as  they 
wisl.ed  the  overihiow  of  our  government;  yet  tlie 
republic  stands  erect  under  the  laurels  of  a  j^lori- 
o  1,  war,  ;uid  encircled  with  a  character,  now  be^ 
C'unc  valuubie  to  us,  difTuses  happiness  within,  and 
presen'.s  on  oiir  immense  borders,  for  t!ie  piu'poses 
jpf  defence,  all  the  stability  and  firmness  of  the 
mot'.nt.in  adamant.  Tjie  disting-uished  valor  and 
g-ood  conduct  of  the  army,  the  wonderful  successful 
resistance  of  the  militia  on  land,  the  brillijint  and 
continued  seiies  of  \iciories  on  the  ocean,  above 
all,  the  teraiiuiiion  of  hostilities,  at  the  precise 
moment  most  Jionorable  and  advantageous,  ests- 
Ijlislnng-  and  building-  upon  our  l)fi])p3'  and  froe  in- 
stitutions, prostrating  equally  the  hopes  of  the  open 
«nemy  luid  tlie  secret  tr;iltor,  all  make  un  the  favor- 
ed people  of  Cod,  and  command  our  most  devout 
gratitude.  '■ 

This  developemer.t  of  our  resources,  under  cir- 
cumstances whicji  threatened  tiielr  destruction,  has 
given  so  mucii  import;.nce  to  our  national  char:ic- 
ter  abroad,  as  justifies  the  hope  of  security  ugainst 
a  rejjetiuon  of  simiiiir  wrongs  and  injuries,  as  those 
whicli  induced  the  war,  and  in  that  light  alone, 
gives  inesiinjable  importance  to  its  successes.  The 
bruve  men  who  liave  bled — the  widows  and  orphans 
of  those  who  have  died  in  such  a  conflict,  ought 
?lot  to  be  disappointed  of  theii-  country's  bounty — 
such  as  belong  to  tiie  st.ite  of  South  Carolina,  I  pr<i- 
^ent,  not  to  yoiu- justice,  but  to  your  generosity. 

Such  acts  of  the  last  session  as  depended  on  the 
execuiive  for  execution,  were  immediately  after  its 
olose  commenced;  those  which  were  not  arrested  by 
the  termination  of  hostilities,  have  been  completed. 

A  sj'stem  for  recruiting  the  brigadeof  state  troops 
^•as  early  devised,  inspectors  tijjpointed  and  advan- 
ces made  to  them  for  the  recruiting  service,  the 
baluDces  of  whic;i  have  been  all  paid  into  the  trea- 
,9ur}'.  The  service  of  the  brigr.de  v\^as  ofiered  to 
tiie  United  States,  ajid  accepted  by  the  president. 

A  consiUtalion  was  lield  v.ith  major-general  Tho- 
mas l^inckney,  commanding  the  United  States  six:tli 
midtary  district,  in  relation  to  the  most  advantage- 
-ous  points  to  be  fortified  for  the  defence  of  our 
maj-itiriKT  frontier;  tliese  were  reconnoitred  by  the 
executive,  in  person,  a'ul  on  such  as  were  found  to 
eiribrace  the  advantages  expected,  substituting  o- 
lliers  for  those  wliicii  did  not,  works  were  either 
began,  or  preparations  made  for  them,  which  would 
liave,  as  far  as  practicable,  secured  the  objects  of 
the  legislature,  within  a  very  limited  period,  and 
at  a  cost  much  under  the  appropriations  made;  this 
last  circumstance  however,  is  to  he  wholly  attribu- 
ted to  the  meritorious  and  patriotic  dispositions 
■wiiich  influenced  the  citizens  within  the  neighbor- 
hood of  those  works — a  gratuitous  contribution  of 
laboui",  more  tlian  sraTicient  for  their  completion, 
"Was  made  by  them — disbursements  of  the  funds  ap- 
propriated, were  tliercfore  necessary  only  for  cngi- 
net-rs  ai^.d  munitions. 

It  affords  the  hi<rhest  stratification  to  recollect 
•what  were  the  dispositions,  not  only  of  tliose  neigh- 
horhoods,  but  of  all  the  citizens  of  tins  state,  with 
whom  t!te  executive  had  occasion  to  be  engaged, 
during  that  period  which  threatened  so  eminently 
■fo  try  the  souls  of  men.  The  measures  wliich  were 
.^ecretly   prepared^  or   'i^  if»iin,  for  the  det';uce  ot' 


the  state,  depended  much,  for  exccr.ticn,  on  the 
disposition  of  the  citizens:  for  although  the  physi- 
cal  force  necessary  was  at  his  control,  the  means  of 
subs,istence,  without  arbitrary  execution,  were  not. 
It  is  now  believed  no  evil  woidd  liave  resulted  fron^ 
such  a  circumstance  before  the  legislature  could 
have  been  cotwened,  for  such  were  the  zeal  anrl 
determination  every  where  to  defend  the  state — the 
zealous  and  patriotic — the  .sober  minded  and  virtu- 
ous— all  the  citizens  with  whom  he  communicated 
on  the  subject,  ofiered  to  throw  open  their  baj^vs 
and  store-houses  for  the  maintenance  of  the  forces, 
and  pledged  themselves  to  support  th.e  most  ener- 
getic me;isiu-es  that  .should  be  adopted. 

'I'he  exertions  made  bvthe  citizens  of  Cliarlestoji 
and  its  viciaity,  for  the  defence  of  that  place,  wer© 
of  the  first  order.  The  proof  of  this  is  to  be  seen 
in  tlie  substantial  works  completed  at  and  near  it. 
The  preservation  of  such  monuments  of  fiitlifulnesa 
to  the  government  ami  love  to  tlie  country,  is  great- 
ly to  be  desired,  if  only  for  example,  and  cannot 
fail  to  engage  your„.at'.entinn.  Such  a  people,  sn 
maintaining  the  measures  of  war,  need  no  exiiorta- 
tioiis  to  the  correct  observance  of  the  relaticns  oC 
pence. 

Of  tlie  appropriation  voted  for  arms  and  mtmi- 
tions,  fi  small  part  only  has  been  expen.ded.  Tiie 
contr.v:ts  whicn  were  made,  prior  to  the  close  ot"^ 
tlie  war,  for  articles  chargeable  on  that  fund,  were 
not  interfered  with;  much  the  grextest  amount  oi 
these  are  not  perisliable — those  abotit  wliich  we 
frere  only  in  treaty,  were  immctlir.tely  given  up. 
AlUiough  a  much  larger  number  of  muskets  and 
bayonets  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  the  militiri 
than  are,  the  ciicumstances  vhicli  induced  sticii 
liberal  grants  of  money,  for  tliese  objects,  ceasing' 
to  operate,  it  was  considered  proper,  that  those 
fiinds  should  not  be  expended  under  Vaq  altered 
state  of  things,  but  remain  in  the  treasury,  subject 
to  such  an  application  as  the  legislature  might  make. 
Whether  these  funds  ought  now  to  be  ?.ppropriutc(i 
for  the  s.ime  objects,  or  applied  for  others,  in  vc* 
lief  of  the  citizen  from  the  temporary  hcsvy  contrj^ 
bulions  induced  by  the  war,  is  with  }ou  to  deter^ 
mine. 

[A  paragraph  or  two  of  a  local  nature  is  here 
omitted.] 

A  variety  of  expences  have  been  incun-ed  and. 
paid  by  tlie  state,  during  the  late  w^v,  wiiich,  oi^ 
right,  ought  to  be  discliarged  by  the  UiiilL-d  States. 
State  property,  also,  to  a  considerable  amount,  liar, 
been  injured,  or  destroyed,  in  the  service  of  the 
Unite;l  States.  Such  arras  and  equipments  as  our 
laws  require  tlie  militia  should  be  furnished  wi'h, 
and  whicit  had  been  i:>»iued  to  them,  \vliilc  in  the. 
service  of  tlie  United  Siates,  were  ordered  to  be 
received  into  our  arsenals,  although  injured,  and  a 
critical  account  of  tlie  damacre  take;t;  st:ch  a« 
were  not  required  by  law,  hut  IniMiedto  tiie  ofilcer 
of  the  United  States,  commanding  wi'.ldn  t'le  stSfte, 
were  ordered  not  to  be  rcceivctl,  iiavi.ig  been  in- 
jured, on  the  presumption  that  the  Unitcil  States 
would  return  an  equivalent  in  kind.  Tiie  will  of 
the  legi.-,lature,  when  expressed,  on  these  subjects,, 
shall  be  attended,  to. 

The  situation  of  tliat  portion  or  territory  which, 
lies  within  the  ciiartered  limits  of  the  stale,  to  wiiich 
the  Indian  title  has  not  been  extinguished,  claims 
the  interference  of  tho  leg'islature.  The  Indi.ns^ 
claiming  these  l;,nds,  hiive  long  sine:;  retirctl  froir^^ 
them,  and  liaving  ceased  to  guard  them  from  in- 
triulers,  fugitives  from  justice,  ;.iid  otliers,  without 
even  the  pretence  of  ngiit,  are  daily  settling  on, 
theui.     The  laws    Qt"  ^he  Urd'.cd  States  ;iUthoinzc- 


^50      NILES  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  20,  18i& 


"the  president  to  remove  such  intruders  by  force  of 
cirTis,  but  tliis  bcinf;-nc.!z:lecied,  tlie  most  serious  in- 
convenience is  likely  to  result,  and  T>'hich  will  not 
ifail  to  be  increased,  in  proportion  :is  the  time  is 
prolonged,  before  those  who  have  already  settled 
shall  be  removed,  and  others  prevented  from  like 
intrmion. 

Tiie  hiv,'  as  declared  und  enforced  (it  has,  M'ith- 
out  doubt,  been  correctly  declared)  on  the  subject 
of  libel,  crdls  for  tiie  immediate  interposition  of 
the  lef^islatnre.  If  it  may  be  questioned  vvlietli.er 
llie  circu)T!3t7.iices  of  an  American  citizen  and  a 
IBi-itisii  subject,  can  be  so  precisely  similar,  as  to 
'make  that  law  expcdier.t  for  tlie  former,  vvliich  go- 
verns tlic  latter;  how  nmcli  more  is  to  be  doubted 
that  tlie  same  principle  which  protects  UrilisJi  rul- 
ers, advances  the  interest  of  a  ficcman  of  Soutli- 
Ci'.rolina.  However,  the  corruptions  of  an  old  .e;o- 
vcrnment  may  warrant  tl)e  doctrine,  "the  g'rea'e*- 
tlie  trutlitlic  greater  tlie  libel,"  it  is  not  therefore 
less  at  variiince  with  our  institutions,  or  abliorrcnt 
to  our  principles.  Not  merely  the  licentiousness 
of  tlie  press  lias  been  cui'bed,  but  its  valuable  free- 
tlom  and  vital  spirit  threatened. 

Whether  in  a  g-ovcrnment  of  law  any  appeal  from 
Jts  sentence   should  be   admitted,   liave  been  ques 
tioricd  by  some  cf  the  most   illustrious  men  wb.o 
have  preceded  us.     If  tlie   wisdom  of  the  legisla 
lure  sliali  decide  that  the  power  to  pardon    shall 
still  be  exercised,  llie  mode,  and  by  v.iiom,  is  enti 
tied  to  much  con-nderation — so  great  a  power  should 
isurciy  be   exercised   by  more  th:m  one  individual, 
v.'liile  the  l>est  ar.d  Vvorst  passions  of  tb.eliiiman  licart 
conspire  to  deceive  liim 

Am«;ng  the  variety  of  objects  wlijch  require  your 
care  :;nd  watc'jfulr.ess,  there    aj-e  none  visich  pre- 
Kent  tliemselves  with  more  certain  proofs  of  usefil- 
ncss,  than  the  literary  institution  at  this  place,  and 
the  free-school  establishment  throughout  the  stale. 
Tiie  importance  of  the  former  every  yea-r  presses 
itself  on  you;  and  is  already  so    evident  a  conduc- 
tor to  mutual  confidence  and  cifTrction,  between  the 
different  parts  of  the  state,  its  jirospcriiy  cannot  be 
t;-aarded   with  too   mucii  anxiely.     The    latter  is 
only  less  gratifying'  in  its  progress,  because  tliere  is 
less  csperieicein  itsmiinagemej^t;  it  must  continue 
as  it  has  lateiy  proved,  a  blessing  to  tliousunds 
M'it!i  its  experience  will  increiisctlic  iniprovomcnt  or' 
tlie  system  and  the  administration  of  it.     "Whcdier 
•  it  be   expedient  to  vest  in  the  commissioners,  the 
power  to  put  to  sciiool  poor  children  without  tJie 
consent  of  such  parents  as  arc  as  imwilling  as  they 
are   unable  to  educate  them — also  to   select  from 
.such  as  tliey  may  educate,  a  certain  niuubcr,  di.-i- 
tjnguished  by  their   endowment  and  superior'ity  of 
intellect,  as  fit  subjects  for  a  course  of  coUegi.tte 
tittidy,  is  submitted  for  your  consideration.     The 
success  of  tliese  objects  of  legislative  munilicence 
is  a  powerful  incentive   'o  the    commencement   of 
otliers.     Tlie   state  of  our    roads,    bridges,  and  in- 
land navigation,  justly  press  on  the  attention  of  the 
constituted  authorities.     That  which  has  been  al- 
ready done  to  accelerate  the  march  of  the  human 
nnnd,  has  enlarged  the  sphere  for  tiie  operation  of 
inoral  principles   within  tlie  state,  and    exalted   its 
cliar.ictcr  vitliout;  an  exertion  of  tiie  same  liberali- 
'ty,  for  tlic  injprovement  of  these  last,  w'lW  not  only 
more  than  compensate  your  constituents  for  thedis- 
.bursemrnts  tiiai.  may  IJe  made  on  them,  by  tlie  eco- 
Jiomy  of  trrnisportation,  butv.ill  establisii  for  your- 
^elvcs,  in  a  career  of  usefulness,  a  virtuous  and  ini- 
peri  ;hab!e  fV.me. 

I'ae  unexpected    revolutions    whicli  restoi'ed  a 


and  the  yet  more  p«rtentou8  last  restoration  ef 
Louis  XVillth,  have  opened  a  great  and  awful  xra 
for  tlie  contemplation  of  statesmen.  If,  in  these 
mighty  struggles  of  the  old  world,  our  rights  shall 
reniidn  respected,  we  shall  be  no  otherwise  atl'ect' 
ed,than  as  our  indignation  may  be  excited,  by  th«i 
injustice  and  tyranny  that  have  and  may  dcvelope 
t^eniselves,  to  interfere  witii  the  internal  concerns 
of  an  independent  n:ition,  by  attempts  to  force  on 
it  a  piirticular  ruler;  or  our  sympathies  enlisted  by 
the  noble  stj-uggle  that  must  ensue,  of  a  brave  ani 
intelligent  peojile  to  resist  the  tyranny. 

The  events  of  a  long  series  of  years  shew,  tliat 
witii  the  improvements  in  political  science,  and  eiir 
h-j-gement  of  tiie  rights  of  the  people,  have  encreas- 
cd  tlie  corrvipt ions  of  :u-biirary  governments.  Wlie.- 
ther  this  process  will  be  continued  until  in  tlie 
course  of  things,  the  governments  not  founded  on 
the  rights  of  the  people,  will  be  dissolved  by  theii' 
own  defects,  and  will  be  assimilated  to  ours,  or,  on 
tlieir  ultimate  success  in  the  present  confiict,  ours 
be  degenerated  to  theirs,  remains  to  be  seen.  'Wliile 
these  are  nncertain,  the  means  best  calculated  tg 
defend  our  riglits  and  maintain  our  independence, 
are  the  legitimate  objects  of  legislation.  Into  this 
consideration,  tiie  state  of  the  militia  must  enter.—;. 
Tlie  events  of  the  late  war  iraprcbS  the  most  valua- 
ble instruction  in  relation,  not  only  to  its  real  wortljt 
and  the  degiee  of  reliance  to  be  placed  in  it,  but 
also  to  the  defects  of  its  system.  It  will  be  indeed 
fortunate  for  succeeding  generations  if  they  who 
are  most  dependent  on  it,  do  not  fail  to  give  to  it 
all  ihe  improvement  of  which  it  is  susceptible.  To 
this  subject,  concerning  whlcli  a  conjraunicatlon 
more  in  detail  will  be  hereafter  submitted,  jour 
earnest  attention  is  invited,  as  one  of  the  most  ini- 
pcrtant  duties  confided  to  vou  bv  the  good  peopl^ 
of  this  state.  DAVID  R,  WlLLIAiVJIS. 

Columbia,  28th  .A'ov.  1815. 


Astonishing  Modest y  I 

moi:  isuExos  avuks. 
Tv  the  edil'irs  nf  the  Jlmerlcan. 
Copy  of  a  JSIt^morial  presented  tu  his  excelleiicy,  tli,e 
Supreme  Director  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  30th  day 
if  September  1815.  '" 

1). ,  a  native  of  the  United  States  of  America^, 

and  an  adopted  citizen  of  Buenos  Ayres,  begs  leave 
to  infoi-m  your  excellency,  that  it  is  now  two  and  a 
half  years,  in  whicii  nearly  all  the  foreign  corres- 
])ondence  entering  tlie  port  of  Buenos  A  vies  has 
been  subject  to  the  coiiti'olof  the  British  command- 
ing f)<iicer,  for  tiic  time  being;  and  it  is  nearly  34 
loi:g  a  time  that  the  citizens  of  the  United  States 
resident  here  have  been  basely  robbed  of  their 
letters  und  newspapers,  under  the  pretence,  that  a 
riglit  for  doing  so  v.as  given  by  the  war,  in  which 
the  United  States  and  (xreat  Britain  were  engaged. 
Many  and  repeated  remonstrances  against  such 
acts  were  made  to  the  late  directors,  Posadas  and 
Alvear,  by  the  constil  and  citizens  of  the  U.  States 
resident  here,  but  to  no  purpose;  and  it  was  generaU 
!y  supposed,  Ijy  those  who  remonstrated,  tiiat  these 
"•(at  statesmen  thom'ht  more  of  tlieir  personal 
fccurity  and  convenience  in  tiiis  business,  than  or 
the  honor  and  interest  of  the  country  thev  govern- 
ed. 

A  peace  has  now  taken  place  between  the  United 
Suites  and  Great  Britain,  and  it  is  hopei  that  a 
general  destrucaon  of  obnoxious  correspondence 
may  not  be  intended  :yet,  as  it  is  still  in  the  power 


••5' 


,.  of  the  British  commanding  oiiicer  to  deprive  any 

Bourbch  imd  a  Bonr.parte  to  the  throne  of  IViince,  individual  of  Jus  letters;  and  as  your  memorialist 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTFR— CONGRESS^ 


61 


ias  the  h«n«r  of  being'  a  citizen  of  this  inimortiil 
town;  .Jid  AS  such,  to  feel  for  its  honor,  its  saft-ty, 
and  i's  li^ppiness  :  lie  begs  your  excellency  to  tu.ke 
the  snhjcct  of  tlie  introduction  of  correspondence 
from  foi-cigTi  countries  into  the  most  serioui  con- 
sideratiou,  and  to  provide  a  remedy  for  thfc  evils 


CONGIIESS. 

SKNATE 

Wednesday,  Januari/ 10.  Mr.  Bro^vn  presented  tlia 
petition  of  Thomas  Ap  Catesby  Jones,  for  himself^ 
and  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  flotilla  captured  ofF 
the  coast  of  Louisiana  by  the  Britisii   fleet,  at  the 


which  exist.  j  time  of  their  invasion  of  New-Orleans,  pranng  com- 

As  your  excellency  has  but  lately  been  Crdled  on  pensation  for  tlie  loss  of  clotlung-,  &c.  on  that  occa- 


)»V  your  fellow  citizens  to  exercise  the  importan 
duties  of  supreme  director  of  the  state,  your  me- 
rooriidist  takes  the  liberty  of  stating'  some  ficU 
whicii  may  be  unknown  to  your  excellency,  viz. — All 
tesscls  coming'  into  this  port  from  foreign  countries, 
are  first  boarded  by  a  boat  from  the  Briiisii  frig'ate; 
and  altho'  tlie  British  nation  is  at  peace  with  tlie 
•whole  world,  a  mosi  rig-id  examination  takes  place, 
as  to  what  carg'o  she  brings,  wliere  from,  who  are 
the  owners,  to  whom  •ssi'^iicd,  and  a  demand  m.ide 
ftir  the  correspondence !  In  short,  the  commander 
of  the  British  frigate  exercises  as  much  power  and 
jiuliority  within  the  jurisdiction  of  Buenos  Ayres, 
as  he  would  be  entitled  to  exercise  wei'e  tliis  a 
Bri'.ish  colony — nay  more,  for  he  would  not  dare 
touch  an  article  of  the  correspondence  if  it  were  a 
British  port.  Aficr  possessing  himseifofihe  cor- 
respondence, the  lieutenant  commanding'  sends  it 
On  s.hore  to  the  c.iptain  of  tlie  frigjite,  who  inhabiLs 
a  hou^e  only  300  yards  distant  from  the  p^il^ce  of 
your  exccUencv,  and  who,  if  at  iiome,  examines  it, 
and  distributes  to  his  more  intimate  friends,  llieii 
leJcrs,  sending  tlie  remainder  to  tlie  Bii'ish  com- 
mercial subscription  room,  to  be  there  called  over 
to  aJicertain  tliose  tliat  belong  to  subscribers;  the 
next  day,  or  at  some  futtu'e  convenient  time,  tiiose 
belonging  to  non-subscribers  are  sent  to  the  post 
clHce.  If  the  captain  of  ilie  frig.ue  is  not  at  home 
when  tlie  letters  an-ive,  they  must  remain  in  his 
nffine  till  liis  return. 

\Yhilc  war  existed  between  England  and  America, 
Hie  managers  of  the  British  canunc^rlcial  subscrip- 
tion room  acted  as  able  tools  of  the  naval  comni.md- 
ers ;  spying  out  and  collecting  ail  American  letters 
vftiich  they  could  find,  and  carrying  them  to  their 
masters  to  be  opened  and  destroyed.  To  eflect 
which  object  fully,  they  refused  to  deliver  double 
letters,  even  to  subscribers,  unless  opened  in  their 
presence,  to  sec  if  there  were  American  letters  en- 
closed. 

For  a  naval  ofiicer  to  be  disposed  to  know  the 
foments  of  Ids  eneniies  letters,  is  not  to  be  wonder- 
td  at;  but  for  a  British  mercliant  estabished  iu 
JIuenos  A\Tes  to  lend  his  aid  ;ind  assi3t;mce  to  such 
officer,  for  the  piu-p<^)se  ofsuppresung  and  wantonly 
destroying  his  neiglibor's  letters,  because  his  neigii". 
|»oi'  Was  a  native  of  a  country  with  whicn   Ids  ou  n 

(se 


sion,  which  was  refeiTed  to  the  naval  committee. 

Thursdny  January  11.  Mr.  Horsey  presented  the 
petition  of  James  Tilton,  late  surgeon-gcnei'al  of 
tlie  army,  praying  certain  allowances  for  rations,  fc- 
rage,  quarters,  postage,  &c.  and  an  annual  benevo- 
lence that  may  sustain  him  above  want  ami  depe.id- 
ence,  in  consideration  of  his  long  and  faithful  publio 
services.     Referred. 

Mondaij,  January  15.  Mr.  "VA'illiams  presented  the 
petition  of  lieut.  colonel  William  Lawrence  and 
others,  fuming  the  garrison  of  fort  Bowser,  pray-* 
ing  compensation  for  certain  vessels  bclong-ing  t» 
the  enemy  of  tlie  United  Slates,  c;iptured  and  de- 
stroyed by  said  garrison.  lieferred  to  the  naval 
committee. 

A  bUl  was  ordered  to  be  engrossed  for  a  third 
reading  authorising  the  appointment  of  an  admiral 
and  two  vice  admirals. 

The  bill  from  tlie  other  house,  to  regulate  corr^ 
merce  according  to  the  convention  of  commerce 
■A-ith  Great  Brit.un,  was  read  and  passed  to  a  second 
reading. 

Tuesday,  Jameary  16.  The  bill  for  creating  tlie 
offifte  of  admiral,  in  the  na'.y,  waa  read  a  third  time, 
passed  an<l  ^ent  totlie  House  of  representatives. 

The  bill  for  regulating  the  commerce  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britxiin,  according  to  the 
convention  of  commerce,  S^c.  was  read  a  second 
time,  and  referred  to  the  committee  ou  forejp-n  re- 
lations. 

I  Wednesday,  January  17.  ^Ir.  Tait,  from  the  nai 
val  committee,  reported  a  bill  in  fuver  of  tlie  offiw 
cers  ;md  crt-w  of  tlie  late  sloop  of  war  Argus,  (to 
compensate  them  for  the  numerous  captures  in  the 
British  channel  before  she  was  taken).  The  bill 
received  its  nrst  readi:ig. 

Mr.  Bibb,  from  the  committee  of  foreign  relation^, 
reported  without  amendment  the  bill  from  tiie house 
"for  regul'.iting  the  commerce  between  the  United 
States  and  British  tcnitories  according  to  the  con'« 
vention  of  commcice." 

HOUSE  or   HKPRS.SF.XTA-IIVKS. 

Friday  January  12.  After  the  usu;d  presentation 
■of  petitions — 

The  resolution  proposed  yesterday  by  Mr.  King- 
of  X.  C.  to  admit  tiie  commissioners  oV  the  X^vy 
!!o;a-d  to  the  privilege  of  seats  within  tlie  bar  of  tlie 
ho.ise,  was  tJcen  up  and  concurrctl  in. 

Tliehouie  resumed  the  consideiMtion  of  the  bill 
for  regtilating-  t)ie  commerce  of  the  United  St  .tcs 
accordi:ig  to  thelnte  convention  with  Great  Britain. 

The  question  still  being  on  the  -passage  of  the 
bill— 

Tlie  bill  was  opposed  by  Mr.  Pickering  and  Mr 
Hopkinson,  av.d  ..dvoc-tcd  by  Mr.  i'axlor  of  N.  Y 
Islv  Wilde,  Mr.  Root  and  Mr.  Shefi'ey,"all  at  consi- 
derable lengtli,  and  v.'lth  tli^e  ability  wiiicli  has  ciia- 
racteriz»d  tliis  debate. 

And  the  iiouse  aujoui-ncd. 

Satvvday,  Ja-uuiry  13.  The  following  were  the 
yeas  and  nays,  on  the  question  of  the  passage  of 
the  bill  to  regulate  commerce  in  conformity  to  tlie 
convemioii  of  commerce  with  (Jreat  Britain. 

I      YE.\S.— M-iSi-j.  A'lr«tf,    Alex-iiiclcr.  Baker,   U.irhotir,   B^s^ett 
i.UiiiKall,  Biidse\i:. Blount.  Bi-ouks,  Bi»aii,B(ir!  si(t .  Bur', 
l.lwell,   Csm.o.i,   Cliiikc  i.i'   N.  C.  CI.'ikWiuki,.   Clunioii 


happened  to  be  at  war,  is  an' act  so  jK.ipably  b 
and  mean,  tliat,  1  jjresume,  your  excellency  canno'. 
consider  your  memorialist  as  captious,  when  he 
declares,  tliat  he  is  not  willing  tliat  his  correspon- 
dence should  pass  Uiro'  such  hands  even  in  time  of 
l>Cdce 

uith  the  most  profound  respect,  you.r  memorial - 
«t subscribes  liiin.selfyour  excellency's  mostobedi- 
*>t  and.  most  devoted  servant. 

(Ij'-\s  our  little  navy  seems  to  have  nothing  to  do 
at  present,  :uid  as  some  vessels  must  be  kept  in 
commission  as  scliools  of  discipline,  &c.  we  would 
I'CspectfiiUy  propose  that  one  of  our  frigates,  the 
'JliceJoiUMt  for  instance,  s/ioidd  be  sent  \n  Jiio  del 
^Uta  to  ussint  the  BritiiMn  the  exwninatiuu  of  L lie 
i^l'ei-s  of  Ameiucvx  wMtVs.  Some  hints  might  thus 
w  afiorded   that  Avwuld  save  tlie   Enehsbmeu    a  I '^'^'If  "f "-, 

^•M  of  trouble  l\\»ll»   CaKl'.w.,    -•4...%j.i,    «-i4ti.iv<„  yn    *^.  \,,  v>ii  jitiifiiiicii.   ciuuioi) 

l^^'Qiimy^'i:  C'viulK'tj  Cmiaeij  Ci-a-Mcrd,  Crci^lii^^p,  ttiilibjn.  T^j*'* 


2     NILES'  \v:gBKLy  ^REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  20,  1816. 


.linfrton,  Dpslia,  Forij-the,  Griffin,  Hahn,  Hall,  Hammond,  Hawesi 
Hi  isttr,  Hepilerson,  H u ug<-Hoivt,  iDjjlia.'u,  Jackson,  .(»tn>si).,  vt  \'n. 
ilolintim  iif  Ky.  Kt-ii-  o!'  Va.  Ki»K  "f  M:iss.  Lowuil-S,  Lum|)kin, 
l.ylf,  Maclay.  Majiaiit,  M'Coy.  M'Leaii  <>t  Ky-  M-Lean,  u(  Ohio, 
Middlelon,  Murt'i-or,  Nelsixiof  Va.  N«wton,  I'anis,  Pi^k'-rn,  Piper, 
^ir^saiilji,  PoH'U,  nsiwloljili,  R^yuDlds.  R<;aiif,  Kolvvtsoii,  H.Kit, 
iloss,  S«vju;e,  S!i»»ik,  Sbarpt,  Sli>.tt>  y.  fxnitli  of  Va.  Southard, 
Tiiul.  Tavliuof  N.  Y.  Tajiorof  S.  C.  IVlfaii-,  Tdwiis.'Ii.I,  Tucker, 
•Wsll.iCi-,  W«-iulov(-r,  M'hit.sidc,  'Wilde,  Wilkiii,\Villiams,  WilloagU- 
Jby.   Tjios.  Wilj<!i>,  Win.  Wilstin,  Yaiicy— Hti- 

NAYS.— Messrs.  Athertoii,  Biiylif's,  lii  tls.  Boss,  BriiiUmn-,  Brpik- 
•  nrli'gf,  Bri;;!uirii.  Brown,  CuJy.  Calhoun,  '/hariipioii,  Chapii*!!, 
*:liipniaru  Cilley,  Claikf  of  Ky.  CliiytoTi,  Ciilpf-ppfr,  Davenport, 
T"orn<-3',  Gsstoo,  Gold.  Gol.lsJxiroiiKli,  Gr'«vrnor,  Hsiison,  Hsrdin, 
H<'rlj>  It.  HopkiiMon,  Hug-^r,  Hullxrt,  .leuelt,  Kiia,  Kif»g  of  N.  •':• 
innpdon.  Uiw,  Lewis,  Love,  LoM-lt,  I.you,  Marsh,  Mjsoa,  M'Ke, 
ilills,  Mil  lor,  M'lfTitt,  Slooi-f,  of  S  C.  MowJev,  Nfliui)  of  JMajss. 
"Suyrs,  Oimshy,  Pick^Tiiiir,  Pitkin,  Ilreil,  Uiee, Uu^^l.-.s,  Saig'eajit, 
S.iiith  of  I'enii.  Siantbid,  Stroi-.c;,  Stuart,  Siui^r*,  Tai;giiit.  Tall- 
jnapi,  'J'hiiRias.  T'hrocip,  Vosp,  AVard  of  N.  Y.  Wheatoii,  AVik'ox, 
WocHlwavd,  AViipht,  Yat*-8— 71. 

Tlif  bill  was  sent'ho  ilie  senate  for  c.onc\iiTencc. 
.Monday,  Jan.  15.  T!>.c  house  on  nioUcn  of  JNlr. 
Lo\rndcs,  resolved  itEtlf  iiilo  a  committee  of  tlie 
Nvliolc,  Mr.  j\V,so7i  ill  the  chriLi.',  on  tlie  report  of  the 
committee  of  ways  and  means  on  so  inucJi  of  the 
president's  messag'e  and  the  annual  treasury  report 
as  relates  to  the  revenue. 

The  fir.5t  resolution  having  been  read,  in  tlie  fol- 
Jo\\'int;-  words,  viz: 

Ilesolved,  Tliat  it  is  expedient  to  continue  in  force 
Imtil  tlie  SOtl)  day  of  June  next,  and  until  an  act 
shall  he  passed  establishing-  a  new  tarifi"  of  duties 
Ti])cn  all  g-oods,  wares  .\nd  merchandize,  imported 
fioni  any  toreig-n  port  or  place,  and  for  otlicr  pui-^ 
poses,"  passed  on  1st  July,  1812. 

Mr.  J^owndes  g-ave  a  g-cncral  expl.analion  of  the 
views  of  tlie  committee  in  reg-ard  to  t!iis  resolution 
< — referrinf;-,  for  the  grounds  of  it  to  tlie  instruction 
{^■ivcn  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  to  report  a 
tariil'  of  clutie.-*,  and  Uje  ira]jlicd  intention  of  the 
eong'ress  to  act  on  that  subject  at  the  present  ses- 
sion. 

After  some  opposition,  the  resolution  M'as  .agreed 
jto,  wiLhout  adix'ision. 

The  second  resolution,  in  the  following  words, 
being-  under  consideration,  viz: 

2  Jiesoh'ed,  That  it  is  expedient  to  continue  in 
force  "an  act  laying'  a  duty  on  iniinirted  Siilt;  i^r;..!^!- 
^ng- a  bounty  on])ick.lcd  iish  ex]>orted,  and  ;.llowa:i- 
Cis  to  certain  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries;" 
passed  the  29th  July,  1813. 
'  This  resolution  Was  agreed  to  by  a 
wore  tlian  tlu'ce  to  one. 

Tjje  tliird  resolution,  Iniiie  fullowintj  words,  was 
■flicn   read: 

Jiesohed,  Tliat  it  is  expedient  to  continue  in 
farce  the  act  entitied  "an  act  laying- duties  on  su- 
par  refined  wittiin  the  United  Staves;"  passed  on 
,th(^'24th  July  ltJ13. 

This  resoluliin  was  op]))se.l  by  ?,Jr.  ilusrcr;  ti; 
vhom  Mr.  Lo'-vndts  rt plied.  Tiie  resoiuiion  was 
s,g-reed  to  by  a  large  niiijority. 

The  fourth  resolutiori,  for  conlinviiiir;  the  pre."ent 
stamp  duties  on  bank  notes,  JJic.  came  next  under 
ct)nsidcration. 

\Vliicii,  after  some  propositions  to  amejid,  &c. 
that  Y.'cre  negativeti,  was  agreed  to  by  a  large  nia 
joiity. 

The  fifth  resolve,  vrh.ich  prcjjoscs  to  abolish  tlie 
additional  duty  on  postag-e,  was  -hen  tal.en  »ip  and 
agreed  to  by  ;i  lartre  m^jjoiiiy. 

Mr.Z/Ovi'rtJt'ssugg-estcd  that  the  conmiiitte  sho'ild 
rist  and  report  these  resolntioiis  to  the  hou.s 
Jb'-e  actint^  on  the   remainder  of  tlie  rejiort. 


majority  of 


to;  and  the  question  w.is  about  to  be  put  on  ccj. 
curnn'-  witli  the  committee  of  the  whole  in  theli 
agreement  to  the  first  resolution,  when 

Mr.  liand'ilph  rose  and  commenced  a  speech  in  a 
rather  desultory  but  pointed  m^^nner,  on  ttiepcncra' 
charncter  of  the  report  of  the  committee  of  wavs 
and  mems,  which  hecondemed.  He  hadnot  spokeii 
long-,  when  the  speJcer  intimated  tiiat  he  had'tij. 
g-rcssed  too  far  from  the  subject  of  debate. 

An  appe:U  -was  taken  by '  Mr.  Hanson  from  Mr. 
Speaker's  decision  on  this  ])olnt ;  which,  afiermiicfc 
acrimonious  and  some  arg-tnnentative  debate, 'was 
affirmed  by  the  house,  by  a  vote  of  79  to  59.      \ 

Mr.  Randolph  i-esuuied  liis  discourse,  wlilch  Ik 
concluded  just  before  sun-set. 

Mr.  GoUhboroUgh  then  moved  to  amsnd  the  sale 
1st  resolution,  by  stiiking-  out  all  that  part  of  it 
which  refers  to  a  "new  tai'ifl." 

Whereupon,  tl;e  house  adjourned. 

Tvesduy,  Jan.  16. — Many  petitions  v.'cre  received 
from  mamifacturers,  &c.  among  them  was  one  o 
Jane  A.  Blakeley,  of  Boston,  I^iass.  stating  her  feati 
for  the  loss  of  her  husband,  capt.  Joimston  IJuikelev 
of  the  United  St.ites  sliip  of  war  Wcwp,  and  praviti. 
that  measures  may  be  adopted  for  the  supixirt  li 
herself  and  the  daughter  of  the  s:iid  capt.  Bl?ke!ev 

Mr.  Johnson,  of  K.  from  the  military  comniittu 
reported  a  bill  making  further  provision  for  militai-' 
services  during  the  late  w.ar,  and  for  otiierpvn-poscs 
which  was  twice  read  and  committed.  [This  bil 
places  the  widows  and  orplians  of  militia  Idlied  i; 
the  service,  on  the  same  footing,  as  to  pensions,  &i 
as  the  regulars.] 

Mr.  GroHvenor  also  reported  a  bill  "for  the  liqui 
dation  of  certain  claims,  and  for  otlier  purposes, 
(authorising  the  settlement  of  informal  ;:cco»iiitsi 
officers  of  the  army,  &c.  by  the  accounting  office; 
on  principles  of  eqvitii.) — The  bill  v/as  twice  rea 
and  comnilUed. 

Mr.  I^iimdfs,  laid  before  the  house  a  statemcti 
of  the  proceeds  of  certain  inreiiir-i  duties,  &c.  froi 
the  commissioner  of  the  revenue  ;  M'hicli  wasrefti 
red  to  the  committee  of  the  wliolc,  who  have  tlia 
subject  under  consideration. 

Tiie  house  resumed  the  consideration  of  t!ic  re 
porl  of  ti.'c  conimittee  of  tiic  wh.Ie  on  a  part  of  tli    ' 
propositions  of  tJic   commi'tee  of  wavs  and  jneitr 
respecting  th.e  revenue.  "  : 

The  question  before  the  house  was  (.is  oithead  - 
jouinm.em;  yesterday)  on  an  anieni'ment  nuiVf^l  b 
iir.  Goldsboroi;^^!  to  the  resohitior.  pvopo-ir.jj  tl. 
coni^inviance  of  the  double  duties  unit  Jinjciw.tl- 
riiis  amendment  of  Mr.  Gtildsborougii  proposed  li  , 
stiike  out  so  much  as  proposes  to  cojitinue  thedcii 
l>!e  Gu-k'sundia  new  tarifi"  shall  be  est;iblis!!e: 
by  law 

[Af  era  few  rema'-ks  from  Mr.  Oatson  and  ^Mf  i 
IJoldsborongh  resricciing  this  ;>niei.diiicnt  — 

Ml-.  jiandiJjih  moved  to  re'-coirinit  the  rcp6rt  ♦   ,, 
a  con.mitLce  of  t!:e  whole,  on  the  ground  tliattii 
report  of  a    committee  of  a   whole   /« /)f/rMV,*s  lit   j 
I)  irlhimentai-};  ihat  he  was    by  the  d' cision  of  -'i 
speaker  and  of  the  i)ouscyesterda\-  cui  tailed  of  I' 
ri.^hts  of  debate  by  ti;e  restriction  of  the  raii^'C  < 


hi:s  oi»scrv:;t;Gr.s;  and  that  tlie  cii.icu;sicn  in  coiitnn 

tee    of  the  wiiole  atilhorized  by   the    riUes  of  '-I 

iioiise  on  jivoposirions  roi.iti:-.g-  to  taxation,  did  i'-< 

!,>o-|i!i  fact  take  place.     On  tlii^  mouon  he  required  'I 

Tl^elyeas  a::d  n:;^.: 


'   .1 


resolutio.''^  already  agreed  to  applied  to  laws  v,-;;lchj     Af  er  a  few   remarks  from  Mr.  InjrV' 
will  expire  on  the  IHth  of  I'cbruary,  and  he  vvhiied'the  correcrness  cfthe  tirsi  position  u' 
tlitm  to  be  referred  to  tiie  coirmiittee  of  wave  a:idland  replies  thereto 


me.siis,  in  order  to  report  bills  conform:ibly  tlieie^o.  dojj'i>,  the 
The  motion  for  the  conjmittce  to  rhc  tva'3  agreed  cide-.  in  the  ne- 


to 


Mr, 
recomn; 
YEAS 


KlLES'  WEEKLY  limiSTER— feHllONlCLE. 


Mr.  Wri.?r'ht,  Mr.  Ut-^er  and  Mr.  Grosvcnor,  spoke 
IB  favor  oftl.e  iimeiulment,  aiid  Mr.  Taylor  c:ul 
Ml'-  Lowndes  ag-aiiist  it. 

It  was  contended  by  the  advocates  of  tliis  amend- 
ment that  to  retrau  tlie  cl.^vise  referring  to  a  new 
tariff,  would  introduce  a  looseness  and  vag-ueness  in 
ouf  laws,  and  produce  an  uncertainty  as  to  the  in- 
tentions of  coii.uTcss,  v/hich  woidd  be  prejudicial 
as  well  to  individual  as  to  public  interest.  By  the 
opponentsof  the  amendment  it  was  contended  that 
the  present  phraseology  would  mislead  tlie  public 
mind  and  deceive  interested  individuals  as  to  the 
views  of  Congress,  which  unquestionably  favored 
the  establishment  of  a  new  tariff;  and  would  be- 
sides prejadicc  the  public  interest,  in  as  much  as  a 
oonGun-cnce  of  circumstances,  tuch  v.s  long  discus- 
sion, clashing  opiiiions  on  the  details,  &c.  miglit 
protract  tlie  adoption  of  a  new  tariff'  of  duties  be- 
yond the  30th  of  June,  the  time  prescribed  in  this 
resolve  for  tlie  expiration  of  the  double  duties. 

Mr.  Sat-^-earU  spoke  at  consideruble  length,  and 
fnth  much  zeal  in  behalf  of  the  m.anufacturers  whose 
interests  he  evinced  ranch  anxiety  to  guard;  but  he 
said  he  should  vote  against  the  proposed  amend- 
ment, bcc.-iU.se  he  was  disposed  to  extend  tlie  limi- 
tation of  time  to  J.'muary  next. 

Mr.  liandu'ph  supported  the  amendment  also,  and 
<»poke  gtr.orally  at  length  on  the  stil>ject  of  tlie  re- 
port He  waj.  Ojjposed  to  the  principles  of  the  re- 
port of  the  comm-ittce  of  Way.*  and  Means,  because, 
as  he  endc.^vor^d  to  shew,  they  vv^ere  wholly  incon- 
tiistent  with  the  principlis  of  tliat  republicanism 
which  governed  the  proceedings  of  congress  at  the 
commencement  of  the  administration  of  Thomas 
ijefferson,  8ic 


taincd  that  its  adoption  Avas  necessary  to  secure  the- 
manufacturers  from  loss  and  almost  ruin,  as  v/ell' 
as  lo  enable  the  merch.ants  to  lay  their  course  in-- 
teiligently  in  the  business  of  the  approaching  sea- 
son. On  the  other  hand,  it  Was  contended  by  some 
that  the  extension  of  these  duties  would  be  an  un- 
necessary and  grievous  \ax  en  th.c  consi'.mera  for  the 
Ijenefit  of  the  manufacturers  and  tiic  Convenience  of 
tb.e  merchants;  and,  by  other  gentlemen,  the  ground 
v.-as  taken,  that  the  faith  of  the  government  being- 
pledged  to  discontinue  the  duties  at  the  end  of  one 
year  after  the  expiration  of  the  war,  it  would,  of' 
course,  be  more  unjust  to  protract  tl;eir  cessation 
to  a  m.oi  e  distant  day,  than  to  that  already  proposed 
in  the  resolve 

Many  topics,  not  directly  applicable  to  the  sub- 
ject, were  brought  into  the  question,  and  complain- 
ed of  by  some  of  the  gentlemen  wiio  mingled  in 
debate,  wlio  said,  that  tiie  interests  of  manufacturers 
did  not  belong  to  this  question,  nor,  perhjps,  the 
interests  of  t.hc  merchants;  tliat  it  wus  a  question 
of  national  policy,  whicli  oug'iit  to  stand  on  its  oT\u 
merits;  and  some  of  tliose  who  spoke  and  voted 
ag«inst  the  extension  to  January,  did  so  on  tiic 
ground  that  siicli  a  course  would  be  equally  ad- 
verse to  the  interests  of  the  maimfacturcr  and  mer- 
ch.*nt,  as  to  those  of  tlie  community  generally. 

The  gentlem.en  who  spoke  on  the  aillnnative  side 
of  tliis  question,  were  Messrs.  Sargeantand  Bui-n- 
.^ide;  and  those  on  the  negative,  .Messrs.  Lo\vnde.% 
Koss,  Grosvenor,  Pitkin,  King,  Wri^jhl,  Gjiaton, 
^Ii!ls,  Pickerin'i:  and  Randolph. 

The  questiGu  on  this  motion    was  at  length  dc^- 
cidetl,  late  in  the  day,  by  the  following  vote: 

YEAS.— Messrs.  Eetts,  IJirdseye,  Bioiint,  BicioUs.  Brran,  Bmn-- 


Mr.  SUfer^.nd  others,  regarded  the  expres^lonlt'S'^^^H^^^TIt^ 
rcspecang  tite  taritt  as  paving  the  v.'ay,  if  not  ab-|.loliiisoti,  Ky.  Kin-,  Vs.  Lj-K,  Maclay,  Msyram,  M'Coy.  M'L^asi. 
soiutelv  providing  fcr  an  indefinite  continuation  of;  K-  *i'L<-au,  o.  Millar,  Nei^n,  Va.  :\'i'nt.">ii,  i'Iikt,  1'o..hi,  lu..>- 
^f.A,,.,',MpA,,t;-^<  ""Ws,    Root,    bar;reant.    Strong,     lanl.    Taylor,  N.  Y     Thoinvij, 

«iea^,l.OiecUti^^S,  ;'na-oop.  Wallace,  W»,d  N.   Y.  Wcmlovitl-,  Wliiu-side,    Willia.112, 

Tl'.e  motion  of  Mr.  GoW.jioroa§-,^  was  finallv  agreed  |Tlios.  Wilson,  Wm.  Wiison.-'iT. 
to  by  a  maiority  of  about  ten  votes.  '  NAYS-Siessrs.   Adgale,  Ahexander,    Atl.erton.    Eapr,   BaJier,--.' 

^j-       o     ■'  1  3  ■■,  11-       Iwruour,    Bassrit,  Batrinan,    Uayliei,   Briinttt,   Biss.  Bradbnry, 

Mv.  ^ar^eavt    then  moved  to  strike  out   the  thir-\  Uied.furidgt,  BiU'liau..  Buiw<ll,  Cady,  Caldwdl,  Calhotu.,  Chap, 

'iieth  June,  (the  day  to  which  the  continuation  of  the;  Vd'-  ci)ij)uiau,  ciiicy,  c'iark,  N.  C.  cbik.Ky.  Clavtoa,  Cumstoci, 

^.ub!e  duties  is  limiied  in  the  resolve)  and  in  V^^^^;^t'^:i:Tc^:Zl:''kS'^^'^^'o^^ 
tnercoi  to  insert  tiie_^rs«  day  cj  Janucwy  next,  Hal. ,  Half,  Han-inond.  Hanson,  Haidlir,  M.  rlv-rt.  Hugw,  H&i>^i' 

Mr.  Kin^  was  opposed  to  this  motion;  because,  as    ''"■'''•  Ir^'"-  V»-  Jt  wett,  Johnsmi,  Va.  Krm,  Kin^-.  Ma».  Kinj,-,  n.  c, 

*»^  #.^r.A»;,-.r.,I    +1  ,    ,,    ,■ 1  I-  -.i  1     1        1  .1     ..    Laj»g(toii,  Law,  L-wis.    Lovv,  Luveti,  Lowiujcj,  Lumpkiii,    Lvon, 

he  conceived,  ti>c  national  faith   was  pledged  that  jiani,.  M'fc^  Mid^l, ton.  Mliu.  Mnfth.  M.mn .'s.  c.  v.os.lj.SUir- 
the  duties  should  expire  on  tlic  IStli  of  next  month    -        -■  ^      .      ^ 


Mr.  .V«7;5-c-a/;r  earnestly  and  at  large  supported 
i'.is  motion. 

The  motion  was  negatived,  however,  77  to  56. 

And  the  house  then  adjourned. 

Wcdnesdciii,  Jan.  17.  Tlie  bill  from  the  senate, 
authorizing  the  appointment  of  three  admirals  in 
Tlie  navy,  was  twice  read  and  committed. 

The  house  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  five 
fii-st  proposiiiuns  of  the  committee  of  ways  and 
raeanj   rcspecutig-  tJie  reveiuie. 

The  first  resoiuticni  for  continuing  in  force  the 
double  duties  on  imports  and  tonnage  until  the 
SOlhday  of  June  next,  being  still  under  considera- 
tion— 

Mr.  Miiclay  moved  a  reconsideration  of  yester- 
day's vote,  whereby  the  house  refuaed  to  strike  cut 
•f  .said  resolve  theSO.'A  June,  and  insert  \st  Junuavi;. 
.  Tlie  house  liaving  agreed  to  recomider  the  said 
questior.,  66  to  53— 

The  question  ag.iin  px-esented  itself,  to  strike  out 
tlie  thirtieth  day  of  June,  and  insert,  the  fr^t  day  of 
Janvavy,  so  as  to  prblong  the  double  duiies  to  the 
Utter  day. 

^  On  this  question  the  w-hole  ground  of  debate  oc- 
<»yjied  yesterdr.y  and  the  pi-ccv.dii'.g  day,  was  tra- 
velled. QvtT.     Tijc  advociUca  of  iLi*  ojwti»n  main- 


fivi'.  Nelson,  Ma.'s,  Nuyos,  Ol■rIis^y,  P?ims.  Pirki:ii»,  I'itkn'iu:;;.  lit- 
Kin,  I'leasants,  Banilidj)!!,  RtT<!.  Koane,  Ili.li.-it.iou,  K<)5<,  Ituj^i 
)jlt:s,  Sa^agt,  Sclii-ncU,  Sliarpe,  Sh>  ttVy,  bmitli,  P^nn.  S:",jii.ti,  Va.- 
bianliii'd,  .Sif-anis.  .Stuart,  Siiirg-.s,  Ta!l:na;lgpe.  I'aylor,  S.  C.  'W  I- 
fair,  Townsiiid,  'Jiicktr,  Vosr,  Ward,  Mai.  Wi!tu.\,  WilJo,  Wii'- 
loU5lil)y,  Wiiglit,  Yanciy,  Yaics— 105. 

.So  the  motion  to  cxixnd  the  continuation  of  th'c 
double  duties  to  the  first  day  of  Januarj',  \\  .r^  t^'^Z'^' 
lived;  and 

Tlie  house  adjourned,  near  sun  r.et. 

T/.wsdoy,  Jan.  18. — Tiie  hop.se  ixT.ume.:!  'he  C3fl. 
sideraiion  oftiie  propo.sitions  of  tiie  committee  oi; 
Ways  and  i\le;.ns,  which  liad  been  agreed  to  hi 
committee  of  the  whole. 

The  resolution  for  continuing  the  double  dutiC'j 
on  salt,  occaaicned.  some  d.ebate;  but  was  agreed  tc* 
by  j'eas  and  nays,  by  a  vote  of  90  to  43. 

'i'he  bill  for  the  reiisf  of  tfic  widows  and  orplian.s 
of  inili'-ia  hilled,  or  v. ho  ha\c  ditd  of  v/ounds  re- 
ceived Uui  ing  the  Lite  war,  was  some  time  before  a 
committee  cf  tlie  whole.  Tiie  committee  rose,  aiid 
the  bill  was  referred  to  a  dift'ere.it  ci'mmitlee. 

The  follo\ving  apjjulntme'its  have  been  recenrt^- 
made  by  the  president  of  the  United  States,  wliii 
tilt;  consent  of  the  ;-.^;iatc. 

l-'urjui  JJ.  I'QATr.ii^  cf  ;<ew-York  t*  be  corriHlV- 


S64, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  20,  181£I5 


ioner  of  ilie  United  St;ites  \o  carry  into  eifrct  the 

with 


-  th  and  7th  articles  of  the  treaty  of  peace 
ti'reai'  Britain. 

JoHx  Hoi.T«ES,  of  Massaohnsetts,  to  be  the  com- 
-inissioner  of  the  United  States  under  the  4th  arti- 
cle of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Great  Britain. 

Wii.uAM  PonxKTt,  of  Massachusetts,  to  bo  consul 
of  the  United  States  at  Palermo. 

Fiirlhrr — Sonic  pn."ters  to  the  eastward  have  ap- 
fjointed  ""(Tr.  li.  G'.  Jlarpev  a  senator  of  the  Unitt^d 
States  from  Maryland.     Tliere  lias  been  no  appoint- 
ment yet  made  by  the  /f.o/WaC?^/'^  of  the  state,  toinition,  and  a  rich  booty.     The  number  ofkilled  and 
Avhom,'   vc  sup-jiose,  it  belonjj-s.  prisoners  is  very  considerable  :  among- the  first  are 

A  Dutch  ikot  consistinff  of  tlirer  7i's,  3  fripates,  reckoned  the  ri'-igdeaders  Sesma,  Lobats,  and  many 


scaffold,  an  awful  lesson  to  his  followers,  whom  tlia 
same  fite  attends  if  they  continue  tesring- the  heart 
of  their  country,  misled  by  the  ambition  of  a  ^an^-  ' 
ofsedii^ioners,  who  have  the  impndenceto  call  them- 
selves Patriots.  The  following- letter  annomices  the, 
event : 

Sin — 1  just  received  the  flattering  accoimt,  by 
col.  T)o-i  Manuel  de  la  Concha,  tliat  Morel lo's  army  ; 
has  been  lately  defeated  near  this  place;    himself', 
raid  another  of  tlie  fir-jt  ringleaders,  called  Morales,;' 
tnken,  together  with  all  his  artillery,  arms,  ammu-  i 


1  corvette, 6  tr/msporis  a=ul  1  i;idi,unpn,  with  6,U00 
troops  on  board,  pa-sed  Madeira  in  November  last, 
ior  liatavia,  to  1'Ae  possession  of  the  islai)d  of  Java. 

The  (hsiro'ieri  of  the  Enst.  T'lere  is  re.ison  to 
believe  that  tiie  British  huve  gained  some  import.mt 
advantages  over  the  .Yii()mdc'sL',  and  that  a  trenlyof 
peace  has  been  m-ide .  Tj'iis,  pei-haps,  seals  the  fate 
of  tj\e  gallant  mountameers.  A  (reaty  of  peace  be- 
tween tlie  British  aad  a  native  power  in  India,  soon 
undermines  the  independerice  of  the  latter,  and 
•wears  aw?.y  its  strength. 

Th3  8th  of  Jr.naary  wrs,  observed  at  many  j^laces, 
with  fciistings  and  rejoicings,  in  iionor  (;f  the  \icto 
i;y  at  New-Orleans.     It  promises  to  become  apoliti- 
c.d  holiday. 

T.iE  I'ATHioTS  or  soirrn  a^iekica. — The  rejjubli- 
c-ans  of  Soulii  America  hnve,  perii.-ips,  to  contend 
v/i'h  the  most  tinish.cd  villr.iiis  that  ever  served  the 
■vile  cause  of  royaitv.  Tlielory  priests  and  stj.tes- 
men  wiio  manage  ibr  Ferdinand  in  the  new  world, 
believe  any  tl^.ing  "legitimate"  that  may  serve  their 
master,  an,!  keep  tiieni':elrefi  Iv  aulli'jrity.  Cut,  I  trust 
'in  lieaven,  the  sway  of  tiiese  men  is  nearly  vX  a 
close.  '-The  d;\y-spring  of  liberty"  has  dawned: — 
the  veil  of  hypocricy  is  rent,  and  tlie  foolishnes-s  of 
3'ov.alty  is  manifest.  Tiie  priesthood  are  abo'.it  to 
be  divested  of  their  means  to  commit  crime,  and 
royalty  to  receive  the  contempt  and  hatred,  it  de- 
serves of  thia  oppressed  aud  aljuscd  people. — 
"Strength  to  the  arm  that  strikes  for  freedom!" — 
Firmness  to  those  who  shall  judge  the  perpetivtors 
of  murd-crs  like  those  unfolded  below: 

o/.  77iowf(s,  AVt).  23. — Wc  have  been  politely  fa- 
vored with  a  translation  of  the  3d  bulletin  pubiisJied 
in  a  Carthagena  Gazette  of  tlie  27th  August,  men- 
i^Ioning  the  following  ati-ocious  occiu'rei'ice: 

Lt.  Col.  Don  Juan  S.-dvador  Narvacz,  comm:uid- 
'ing  the  republican  division  on  tlie  low  river  Magda- 
lorja,  an ^ong  other  things,  informs  the  government 
of  the  following  occurrence,  the  most  atrocious  to 
luimaii  kind:  The  European  Spaniard,  Joseph  Car- 
honero,  employed  for  more  thiui  28  years  in  the  mi- 
litary hospitals,  married  hi  the  country,  and  vvitli 
three  children,  cut  Ids  own  tlifoat  in  Sabina  Large, 
dcclaj-ing  before  he  died,  th;.the  had  poisoned  more 
tlian  400  soldiers,  all  Americans,  in  the  hospital  of 
'i'arbaco  and  Haranco,  by  mi.^ing  the  medicines  ad- 
ministered to  tliem  with  arsenic.  This  horrible 
ticed  of  Carbonero,  tortured  his  own  conscience  to 
iuch  a  piicli,  that  it  caused  iiim  to  deprive  liimself  of 
his  existence. 

Gen.  H.  Qu.irters  at  Cartliagena,  27tli  August, 
ISl  J,  5Lh  of  the  independence. 

MARIANO  MONTILLA,  Maj:  Gen. 

THAXSL.VTKl)  roil  Ttn;  NATIDSAL    INTF:i.L!Rr.:^CKK. 

l-'runi  Uic-Comiimcial  Di.uy  oC  Havaiiii, of  Dec,  12, 18)5. 

^ToUd  defeat  of  tlie  aruiif  of  tlw'  JMcxican  Iimurgents, 

hecuLd  htj  their  Jlmt  riiit^kader,  ^forello. 

Tiiii  monster  is  al.  l.ist  in  the  hands  of  the  royal 

troops,     liis  caieer  of  blood  and  devastation  is  at 

an  end.    4^i-  crimes  will  sjoou  be  cxprjt^  en  tli^ 


others.  This  glorioiis  and  important  victory  ob- 
tain.ed  by  the  measures  I  had  previously  concerted^ 
and  by  the  bravery  of  the  troops  1  have  the  honor 
to  command,  their  steadiness  during'  the  action,  and 
tlie  fortitude  with  which  they  have  braved  every 
danger  tind  fatigue,  will  not  fail,  I  hope,  to  be  re- 
warded by  his  majesty  with  the  generosity  tliat  de- 
serves their  zeal  and  patriotism.  I  recommend  very 
particularly  to  your  excellency  the  distinguished 
merit  of  lieut.  Don  M.itias  Carrasco,  who  had  the 
giory  to  pursue,  overtake,  and  bring  safe  to  his 
comnander,  the  monster  Morello. 

God  preserve  your  excellency's  life  many  years- 
^itanjo  del  Rio,  November  6th,  1815. 

Signed  by  Eugenio  del  Villasana,  and  addressed 
to  liis  excellency  the  vice-roy  of  New-Spain,  Don 
Felix  Maria  de  C;illeja. 

./VVc/io/Hs  /?.  JSIoors,  elected  a  representative  in 
congress  from  the  district  composed  of  Baltimore 
city  'oind  county,  has  resigned  his  seat,  on  accijunt  of 
severe  hidisposition.  An  election  to  supply  his 
place  is  directed  to  be  held  on  the  27th  inst. — 
Among  the  candidates  are  general  Smith,  and  col. 
Little. 
.   Commodore  CKAUxcEr,  is  under  sailing  orders.. 

Tib  Wasp.  To  the  editor  of  the  Mercury — , 
PiLtsbui-g-,  Jan.  2,  1816.  Lieut.  Cottki.ink  begs 
leave,  tliroiigh  th.e  medium  of  your  paper,  to  con- 
tradict a  piujiication  in  which  his  name  is  made  use- 
of,  relative  to  an  action  between  a  British  frigate 
and  the  United  States'  sloop  of  war  Wasp;  and  au- 
thorizes you  to  state,  tliat  the  report  of  his  having^ 
had  a  conversation  with  a  British  lieutenant  on  the 
subject,  is  entirely  unfounded. 

Unilsd  States'  Mint.  A  fire  occurred  in  the  mint 
of  the  United  States,  at  Philadclplua,  on  the  morn- 
mgoftlie  lltli  inst.  at  2  o'clock,  from  causes  un- 
known. Some  of  the  b.ick  buildings  and  a  part  of 
the  machinery  \vere  Injured,  but  the  loss  is  not 
great. 

ExciiAifGE. — At  Richmond,  Jan.  15 — Specie,  4  to  5 
per  cent.  adv. ;  bills  on  London,  5  to  7  per  cent, 
•hove  par;  on  Boston,  7  to  8,  do.  ;  on  New-V'ork, 
par  ;  on  Philadelphia,  3  per  cent  under  par  ;  Balti- 
more banknotes,  7  to  8,  do. 

Ai  Philadelphia,  Jan.  12— Bills  on  London,  at  60 
days,  110; — Exchange  on  Boston,  115  ;  on  New- 
York,  105  ;  on  Bailimore,  96i. 

.S'jj&Tw  and  cold.  The  mercui-y,  at  Baltimore,  on 
Monday  morning  last,  stood  at  25''  below  the  freox- , 
ing  point,  tindtlie  snow,  on  the  level,  was  16  o  17 
inches  deep.  Hickory  wood,  at  New  York,  552.3  ncr_ 
cord,  «ak  fifteen,  the  severe  frost  liaving  cut  oft' 
supplies.     The  hitter,  at  Baltimore,  from  8  to  10. 

Commerce  lie-witched.'  Under  tins  head  the  Nor- 
wich Courier  notices  the  arrival  of  vessels  from 
France  with  returned  cargoes  of  fish,  and  vessels 
from  London  with  rum  and  molasses— and  the  de- 
parture of  vesbcig  ii-yin  New  York  for  C^,arlci}toH, , 
with  cottoiil 


-— _jij#!je3fe 


^jj__     ■  '  ^; •  1 A !j,  '"■  '"■■■'  ■    "  L' „  J '.— -":'jL;L-_^g-g^ 


Ko.   22  OP  Vol.  IX.]  BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY,  27,  1816.  [whole  xo.  23() 


//arc  o/?m  memmisse  jiivalfit.—Xi^cii,. 


PlltXTED   AXD    P01! 


LlSnEI)   BY   H.   XILT.S,  T^O.   29,  SOUTH  CALVKRT-STUXF.T,   AT  %5  rsa   AJJVoH. 


,     The  Manufacturing  Interest, 

^nthe  United  States,  has  arrived  at  a  most  import- 
ant crisis.  On  the  proceeding's  of  the  present  ses- 
sion of  conj:ci'ess,  it  is  expected,  will  mainly  depend 
the  resolution  of  the  momentous  question,  whether 
our  manufactori'^s  shall  jye  on  and  increase,  and  be 
Extended  to  th^e  g-encral  wants  of  the  country,  or 
dwindle  into  notl'inn-,  through  a  sacrifice  to  a  time- 
serving- policy — a  policy,  that  rci^.irds  the  present 
moment  and  pays  no  respect  to  thefutui-e. 

It  has  been  the  practice  of  every  enlig-ht'oned  na- 
tlon>  and  especially  of  Great  Rritain,   (in  which, 
though  there  is  much  to  condemn,  there  is  a  great 
deal  to  approve)  whnse  resources  have  confounded 
the  calcu^.ations  of  the  wise   and  astonished  the 
world,  to  g-ive  a,  dcgidcf.l,  active  and  uncquifoc*! 
preference  to  tlie  product  of  the  labor  of  its  own 
people.     I'iiis  is  rightful  .and  reasonable,  as  well  as  I  estimated  at  IOC 
natural.     An  enlarged  mind  will  easily  apprehend    yjg^^  tliosc   pro] 
that  the  mere  naked  co.st  of  a  speciiicd  commodity, 
though  partially  affecting  the  pocket  of  an  indivi- 
<luai,  may  have  no  bearing  whatever  on  a  general 
state  of  thiPigs  ;  the  price  of  one  article  balancing 
the  price  of  another,  and  bringing  the  whole  to  a 
level.     If,  by  a  refusal  to   receive  foreign  articles. 


I  people  what  a  good  mother  owes  to  her  child.  Thel-o 
certninly  is  not  much  profit  in  rai.-iing  childi-en— -a 
woman  might  ass\u-edly   earn   more  mcme:^^    if,    in- 
stead of  nursing  lier  infant  andnourislung  it  as  she 
ought,  she  were  to  cast  it  on  the  ground  and  apply 
herself  to  labor.     T.iit  what  would  we  tliink  of  a  cal- 
culeition  like  this  ?  For,  altho'  the  mother  may  have 
no  affection  for  her   child,  she  owc.=;  a  duty  to  the 
society  in  which  she  lives  to  rear  it  with  care.     It 
belongs  to  the  state,  and  is  to  be  added  to  the  na- 
tional strength.     I  consider  that  the  manufacturerH 
of  the  United  Stites  stand  to  the  government  in  the 
precise  relation  of  an  infant  to  its  motlier— if  they 
are  cherished,  tliev  will  repay,  in  the  future  peace 
and  prosperity  of  the  coimtry,  all  that  is  done  tur 
them. 

Tlie  capital  invested  in  manufacturing  establislv- 
mcnts,  witLin  these  last  six  or  eight  years,  may  be 
100  millions  of  dollars— not  taking  into 
properly  called  favoily  ma.riuf«ctories. 
I  have  before  me  a  statement  respecting  tliose  for  co»- 
um,  by  which  it  apiiears  that  we  have  not  less  than 
567,000  spindles  at'  work,  or  nearly  ready  to  go  into 
operation;  these  spindles  cons\mio  100,000  bales  of 
cotton,  of  300/Z'5  weight,  or  30  millions  of  pound.s 
per  annum,  producing  about  90  millions  of  yards  of 


ibr  instance,  the  price  of  a  yard  of  cotton  cloth  be    cloth,  at  30  cents  per  yard,  worth  27  millions  o 


xidvunced  two  or  three  cent-s,  will  it  be  said,  that 
the  labor  employed  on  that  cloth  may  not  have  its 
<?quivalci\t  to  the  farmer  in  the  increased  value  of 
Lis  grain,  by  furnishing,  for  so  much  of  it,  a  new 
market  at  home  ?  Clreat  IJritain  is  so  sensible  of 
these  operations,  that  she  forbids  the  consumption 
of  some  of  the  most  valuable  manufactures  of  her 
own  colonies,  within  lier  European  dominions.  And, 
it  is  believed,  that  every  other  European  goveiTi- 
incnt  has,  more  or  less,  acted  upon  principles  to 
pi'oduce  the  same  effect. 

There  arc  several  articles  manufactured  in  the 
%nited  States  that  Would  do  as  well  to  ship  to  Eng- 
land, as  any  we  receive  from  her  answer  here,  if 
admitted  on  equal  terms.  But  Eiigland  will  not  re- 
ceive these  at  all — because  she  gives  to  the  labor 
of  her  subjects  every  advantage  Well  knowing 
that  in  the  industry  and  wealth  of  individuals,  Ties 
faer  resource  in  time  of  need.  This  appears  to  be 
sound  policy.  Other  powers  have  done  the  same 
for  many  years,  in  fact,  it  is  the  universal  practice 
of  nations. 

A  variety  of  clrcnmstances — the  British  orders  in 
douncil  and  the  French  decrees — our  self-restric- 
tions on  trade — and,  finally,  the  late  war,  gave  anew 
direction  to  wcalthand  industry  in  thcUnitcd  States. 
Manufactories    grew  up  as  if  by  magic — and  they 
"promised  faji',  in  due  season,  to  supply  tlie  chief 
part  of  our   wants — thus  releasing  us  of  our  de- 
pendence on  foreigners  and  quieting  their  intrig-ucs 
— and  raising  up  an  American  interest  to  supercede 
the  servility  and  devotion  of  those  who  deal  in  fo- 
reign goods  to  foreign  interests.     Tliese  establish- 
wienta  nave  made  wonderful  progress  towardjj  per- 
fection ;  bui,  tiiey  have  not  yet  arrived  at  a  degree  of' 
strength  competePit  to  meet,  on  equal  grounds,  the 
ti>ore    wealthy    and   older   institutions   of   Europe. 
They  must  be  protected  and  aa^i-ited  for  a  while  b) 
the  government — whi'uh  owes  t«  the  exertion  of  iti^i 
Vbi. !»  A 


dollars.  The  per*ous  emploved  to  produce  this 
cloth  are  estimated  at  100,000,  about  one  tenth  of 
whom  only  are  able  bodied  males,  capable  of  earn- 
ing a  livelihood  bv  ordinary  labor;  and  the  capital 
;„^«=te,^  In  tlip  vi/hnlp  is  about  40  millions  of  dol- 


mvested.in  the  whole  is  about  40  millions 
lars. 

Eeallv,    tliesc   things   are  worthy  of  deep   con- 
sideration and  rcfieciion  ;    they  are  of  a  nature  t« 
demwirl  the  fostering  care  of  tire  government,  and 
ought  to  receive  it.     E.igland,  no  doubt,  wdl  d®  all 
that  she  can,  fairly  or  clandestinely,  in  any  shape 
and   every  shape,    to   destroy    our    manufacturu-!,? 
estftblishments,  and  ruin  all  wiio   have    embarked 
their  capital  in  them.  It  remains  to  be  seen  how  fiu-^ 
a   congress  of  tJie    United  Stiites  will  assist  her  m 
bringing  about  so  great  a  desideratum— an  object 
of  more  real  importance  to  her  tiian  was  tlie  dovm- 
fall  of  the  hated  and   feared  Aafjokaii    Bmaparte. 
When    our   njanr. factories   acquire   that  perfection 
that    necess.arilv    follows    an   absolute    estabhsh- 
ment,  we  caji  aiid  will  fabricate  Vvxolen  and  cotton 
goods  clieapcr  than  she  possibly  can  do.    The  very 
tythcs  aiid    taxes  paid  there  being   a  good    profit 
here.  But  wwmust  creep  before  we  can  v/alk.  Pro-. 
tect  the  manufactures  for  the  present,  and  in  a  littlft 
time,  they  will  protect  themselvts  aiid  Us. 


Proposed  National  Bank. 

Letter  from  the  accretari/  of  the  treamtrii  to  the  cfut/if- 
■man  of  the  committee  on  that  part  of  the  president's- 
messac;\\  it'htch  n'hitca  to  an  unifonii  Tiaiional  ciirreif.- 
cij;  enclosing-  c:v  outline  of  a  plan  fur  a  national  bank, 
accompanied  ■u.-ith  some  crphinution  of  the  pri7i»ipl<(9 
upon  -ivliich  the  syatem  is  foiinde.I. 

TiiKAsvHTDErAUTsii.vT,  24th  Dec.  1815. 
SiH — I  have  tiic  honor  to  ackjiowledge  the  receipt 
of  your  letter,  d„tcd  the  23d  in.stant,  informing  n#D 
"that  tiie  couM»ittfte-on  so  mueh  ef  t^e  pre6i(fclsttt*a 


^5(3      MILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  1816. 

incss:ifje  .is  relates  to  the  national  ciiirency,  had  cle-  associations  of  the  stockholders,  will  generally  be- 
tei-niined  that  a  national  bank  is  the  most  cwtainlthe  same,  in  ilie  state  bank'§,  and  in  the  national 

bank.  The  directors  of  bo;h  institutions  will  natvi- 
raliy  be  taken  fi'om  the  same  class  of  citizens.  And 
experience  has  siiown  not  only  the  policy,  but  the 
existence  oftiiose  sympathies,  by  wliich  the  inter- 
course of  a  national'bank  and  the  state  banks  has 
been,  and  always  oug-ht  to  be,  reg-'dated  for  their 
common  credit" and  security — At  the  present  crisis, 
it  will  be  pecuTMriy  ivic.uiibent  upon  the  national 
bank,  as  well  as  tlie  treasury,  to  conciliate  the  state 
banks,  to  confide  to  them,  liberally,  a  participation 
in  the  deposits  of  public  revenue;  and  to  encourage 
them  in  every  reasonable  eflbrt,  to  resume  the  pay-, 
ment  of  their  notes  in  coin.  H;iT,  independent  of 
these  copsideratinns,  it  is  to  be  recollected,  tliat 
wiien  portions  of  tlie  c-pital  of  the  naiional  b:-nk 
shall  be  transferred  to  its  branches,  the  amount  in- 
vested in  each  br.anch,  will  not,  probably,  exceed 
the  amount  of  the  cpital  of  any  of  the  principal 
state  banks;  and  \y\\\  certainly  be  less  than  tiie  a- 
mount  of  the  combined  capiial  of  the  state  bfinks, 
operating  in  any  of  the  principal  commercial  cities. 
The  whole  number  of  the  banking  establishments 
in  the  United  States  mxy  be  staic-il  at  260;  and  the 
aggregate  amount  of  their  capitals  maybe  estimat- 
ed .at  'fy85,OoO,000;  but  tlie  services  of  the  national 
ban!;,  i.re  also  required  in  every  state  and  terrltorjv 
and  tlie  capital  proi5()sed  is  ^35,000,000,  of  which 
only  one-fourth  part  will  consist  of  gold  and  silver. 
2d.  TVith  respect  to  the  composition  of  the  capital  of 
tif.  bank.  There  does  not  prevail  much  diveisity  of 
opinion,  upon  the  jiroposition  to  form  a  compound 
cajjital  for  the  nationid  bank,  partly  of  public  stock, 
anil  partly  of  coin.  The  proportions  now  suggest- 
ed appear,  alsp,  to  be  fiee  from  any  important  ob- 
jections. Under  all  the  regulations  of  tlie  charter, 
it  is  believed  that  the  amomnof  gold  and  silver  r  •- 
qiurcd  will  afford  an  adequate  suppiytfor  commer.c  i 
ing  and  continuing-  the  payments  of  the  bank  in 
cuiTei.t  coin;  wjdie  the  power  which  the  bank  will 
possess,  to  convert  its  stock  portion  of  capital  into 
bullion  or  coin,  from  time  to  time,  i';  caiculatetl  to 
provj-de  fw  .any  probable  augmentation  of  the  de^ 
mand.  lliis  object  being  sulnciently  sectired,  the 
capiuil  of  tlie  bank  is  next  to  be  employed,  in  per- 
ft-'ct  consistency  with  the  general  inrercsts  and  safe- 
ty of  the  institution,  to  raise  the  value  of  the  public 
securities,  by  withdrawing'  almost  one-fifih  of  the 
amount  from  the  ordinary  stock  market.  Nor  will 
the  bank  be  allowed  to  expose  the  public  to  the 
danger  of  a  depreciation,  by  returning  any  p;'.rt  of 
the  slock  to  the  market,  until  it  has  been  offered, 
at  the  current  price,  to  the  commissioners  of  the 
though  not  a  discordant,  in.stitution;  and  wiule  the  {.sinking  fund;  and  it  is  not  an  inconiiiderable  advan 


nieans  of  restoring  to  the  nation  a  specie  circida- 
tit)n;"  and  had  directed  you  to  obtain  the  opinion 
of  this  department  on  the  following  points  : 

Ist.  The  amount  and  composition  of  the  capital  of 
tJie  bank. 

2d.  The  government  of  the  bank. 

i?d.  'I'he  i)ri\ileges  and  duties  of  the  bank. 

1th.  Tb.e  organization  and  operation  of  the  bank. 

5th.  I'he  bomis  to  be  requiretl  for  the  charter  of 
the  bank. 

6th.  The  measures  which  may  aid  the  bank  in 
commencing  and  maintaining  its  operations  in 
specie. 

ft  Hffords  much  satisfaction  to  find,  that  the  policy 
of  estpblishing  a  n.atinnal  bank  has  received  the 
Sanction  of  the  conmiittee  ;  and  the  decision  in  this 
J-espcct,  renders  it  tinnecessary  to  enter  into  a  com- 
parative examination  of  the  superior  advantages  of 
sucli  an  institution,  for  the  attainment  of  the  olijeots 
contemplated  by  the  legislatvn-e.  Referring-,  there- 
fore, to  the  outline  of  a  naiional  bank,  which  is  sub- 
joined to  tliis  letter,  as  the  residt  of  an  attentive 
consideration  bestowed  upon  the  subjects  of  your 
*nquir}',il  proceed,  with  deference  and  respect,  to 
offer  some  explanation  of  the  principles  upor.  v/hich 
the  system  is  fotmded. 

I.  It  is  propose^],  that,  imder  ucliarter  for  twenty 
years,  the  capital  of  the  national  bank  shall  ..moimt 
to  35,000,000  of  dollars  ;  tiiut  congress  sliali  retain 
the  power  to  raise  it  to  50,000,000  of  dollars,  and 
lliat  it  shall  consist,  three-fourths  of  public  stock, 
and  one-fonrth  of  gold  and  silver. 

1st.  IVith  respi'ct  to  tlie  amount  of  the  capital. — 
i'iie  services  to  be  performed  by  the  capital  of  the 
bank,  arc  important,  various,  and  exiensive.  They 
will  be  required  throttgh  a  period,  almost  as  long 
as  is  usually  assigned  to  a  generation.  They  will 
be  required  for  the  accommodation  of  the  govern- 
.  ment,  in  the  collection, and  distribution  of  its  re- 
venue; as  well  as  for  the  uses  of  commerce,  agri- 
culture, manufactures,  and  the  arts,  throughout 
the  Union.  They  will  be  required  to  restore  aiul 
maintain  the  national  ctii-rejicy.  And,  in  short,  they 
■  will  be  required,  imder  every  change  ofcirciunstan- 
ces,  in  a  season  of  war,  as  well  as  in  the  season  of 
peace,  for  the  circidation  of  tlie  national  wealth; 
-nbich  augments  with  a  i-apidity  beyond  the  reach  of 
ordinary  calculation. 

In  the  performance  of  these  national  services,  the 
local  and  incidental  co-opei-ation  of  the  state  banks 
may  undoubtedly  be  cx])ected;  but  it  is  the  object 
of  the  present  measure,  to  create  an  independent, 


government  is  granting  a  monopoly  for  20  years,  it 
■would  seem  to  be  imjjrovldent  and'dangerous,  to  re- 
ly upon  gratuitous  or  casual  aids  for  tlie  enjoyment 
of  tliose  benefits,  which  can  be  eilectually  stjcui-ed 
by  positive  stipulation. 

Nor  is  it  believed,  that  any  puldic  inconvenience 
can  possibly  arise,  from  the  propos-'d  amount  of  the 
capital  of  the  bank,  with  its  augmcntable  qualiiy. 
The  amount  may  indeed,  be  a  clog  upon  tue  profits 
of  the  institution;  butit  cm  never  be  emploved  for 
any  injtu-ious  pui-pose  (not  even  for  the  purpose  of 
discount  acc<nnmodation  beyond  the  f.dr  dematul,) 
■witJiout  an  abuse  of  trust,  wliich  cannot,  in  candor, 
be  anticipatLd;  or  whic!'.,  if  anticipated,  may  be 
iiiadeanol;ject  of  penal respon.sibility. 


tage,  in  tiie  growing  sta.tc  of  the  public  revenue, 
that  the  stock  subscribed  to  the  capital  of  the  bank, 
will  become  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  go- 
vernment. 

The  subscription  to  the  capital  of  the  bank  is 
opened  to  evci-y  species  of  funded  stock.  The  esti- 
mate that  the  revenues  of  1816  and  1817,  will  ena- 
ble the  treasury  to  discharge  the  whole  o^  tlie  trea- 
sury note  debt,  furnisiies  tlie  only  reasons  for  omit- 
ting to  authorize  a  subscription  in  tliat  species  of 
debt.     Thus, 

The  old  and  the  new  6  per  cent,  stocks  are  re- 
ceivable at  par. 

Tiie  7  percent,  stock  upon  a  valuation  referring^ 
to  the  30tli  of  September,  1816,  is  receivable  at  lOfr 


The  conipetiiion  which  exists  at  present  among- i  51-lOU  dollars  per  cent. 

the  state  banks  will,  it  is  ti-ue,  br>  extended  to  the  1      The  3  per  cent  stock,  which  can  only  be  redeem. 

*  \'^*}^'OiiaHj.uik;  but  compelition  does  not  iuiply  iios-  edfor  its  nominal  or  certificate  value,  may  be   esti- 

titity.     The  «>rainerc;-;il  mtcrcsl:;  iwid  Use  personal 'm*ted,tKidoryli  eircrjmslnnces,  to  Ise  worth  about 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— NATIONAL  BANC 


Uf 


GS  per  eent.  when  the  6  per  cent,  stock  is  at  par; 
but  as  it  is  desiriible  to  accompli.-ih  the  redemp- 
tion of  this  stock,  upon  equitable  terms,  it  is  made 
receivable  at  63  per  cent,  the  rate  sanctioned  by 
tTie  government,  and  in  jxirt  accepted  by  the  stock- 
holders, in  the  year  18U7. 

Of  tlie  instalments  for  paying'  tlie  subscriptions, 
it  is  only  necessary  to  observe,  that  they  are  reiju- 
lated  by  a  desire  to  reconcile  an  early  commeuce- 
ment  of  the  ojjcrations  of  the  bank  with  the  ex- 
isting- difficulties  in  the  currency,  and  with  the 
convenience  of  tlie  subscribers.  In  one  of  the 
modes  proposed  for  discharg-ing  the  subscription 
of  the  g-overnment,  it  is  particulaidy  contemplated 
to  aid  the  bank  witli  a  medium  which  cannot  fiil 
to  alleviate  the  first  pressure  for  payments  in  coin. 

II.  It  is  proposed,  that  the  national  bank  siiall  be 
governed  by  twenty-five  directors,  and  each  of  i'-s 
branches  by  thirteen  directors;  that  tiie  president  of 
the  U.  States,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  se- 
riate, shall  appoint  five  of  the  directors  of  the  bank, 
one  of  whom  shall  bcch.osen  as  president  of  tiie  bank 
by  tlie  board  of  directors;  that  the  resident  Htock- 
holders  shall  elect  twenty  of  the  directors  of  tlie  na- 
tional bank,  wlio  siiall  be  resident  citizens  of  ilie  U. 
fctates;  and  ttiat  the  national  bank  shall  appoint  the 
directors  of  each  bank  (being  resident  citi::ens  of 
he  United  States)  one  of  whom  shall  be  desig- 
nated by  the  secretary  of  ti>e  treasury;  with  the 
approbationof  the  president  of  the  United  States,  to 
be  president  of  the  brancli  ban'.:. 

The  participation  of  the  president  and  senate  of 
the  United  States  in  tlie  appointment  of  directors, 
appears  to  be  the  only  feature  in  the  propositidn 
for  the  government  of  tlie  national  bank  wnioh  re- 
quires an  explanatory  remark. 

Upon  general  principles,  wlierevcr  a  pecuniary  in- 
terest is  to  be  ati'ectcd  by  the  operalions  of  a  pub- 
lic institution,  a  renresei^tRtive  authority  ought  to 
be  recognized.  The  United  States  will  be  tlie  pro- 
prietors of  one-fifth  of  tlie  cjipital  of  the  bKnk,  and 
an  that  proportion,  upon  general  prhiciples,  tiiey 
eiioidd  be  re[n-esented  in  tiie  dirccion.  But  «n  ap- 
prehension has  sometimes  been  expressed,  lest  the 
power  of  the  government  thus  inserted  into  the  ad- 
ministration of  tJiG  afililrs  of  tlie  bank,  should  be 
employed,  eventually,  to  aliwiatc  tiie  funds  and  de- 
£troy  the  credit  of  the  institution.  Whatever  may 
bave  been  the  fate  of  banlcs  in  other  countries, 
subject  to  forms  of  goveniment  essentially  difier- 
enl,  Lliere  can   be   no  reasonable  cause  for  the -ap 


feet  the  corporate  credit  alone,  but  much  more  the 
credit  aiid  resources  of  the  government.  I;i  line,  it 
is  not  an  institution  created  for  the  purposes  of  comi- 
merce  and  profit  alone,  but  much  more  for  the  pur- 
poses of  national  policy,  as  an  auxiliary  in  tiie  exeiv 
cise  of  some  of  the  liighcst  powers  of  the  govern* 
ment.  Under  such  circumstances,  the  public  intcEj 
rests  cannot  be  too  cautiously  guarded,  arul  liie 
guards  projiosed  c.ui  never  be  injurious  to  the  coin- 
mcrci-d  interests  of  tlie  insUtiitioii.  The  riglits  to 
inspect  the  general  accounts  of  tjie  bank  may  be 
employed  to  detect  the  evils  of  a  mal-administra^ 
tion;  but  an  interior  agency  ifl  tlie  direction  of  its 
affairs  will  best  serve  to  prevent  them. 

III.  it  is  proposed,  that,  in  addition  to  ihfc'  lisdkl 
privileges  of  a  corporation,  the  notes  of  tiie  nation- 
al bank  shall  be  received  in  ail  payments  to  the^ 
United  States,  unless  congress  shall  iiereafcer  other* 
wise  provide  by  law;  anr  that  in  additic;n  to  the  dii* 
ties  usually  fequirod  from  a  corpor..ition  of  this  dc 
scription,  tiie  nationHl  Iiank  shall  be  empoweied  to 
receive,  transfer  and  distribute,  the  pubtic  revenue^ 
under  the  directions  of  tlie  proper  department. 

TLe  reservation  of  a  legislative  powc'r  on  the 
subject  of  accepting  the  notes  of  tlie  national  bajik: 
in  payments  trt  the  go"ernnient,  ;A  tlvc  only  new  sti- 
j'^^dation  in  the  pi-cseiit  preposition.  It  is  de^ignel 
not  merely  as  one  of  the  stcurivies  for  the  general 
conduct  of  the  bank,  but  aa  tiie  means  of  prcserv» 
ing  entire  the  sovereign  authority  of  congress  rela^' 
tive  to  the  coin  and  currency  of  tlw  Ignited  Stateji 
lleccnt  occurrences  inculcate  the  f>p&diency  of 
such  a  reservation;  bt;t  it  may  be  cunlldently  hoped: 
that  im  occasion  to  enforce   it  v.  Hi  never  arise. 

It  i.s  not  proposed  to  stipulate  that  the  bank  shall 
in  any  case  be  bound  to  make  loans  to  tiie  govern^ 
ment^  iiut,  in  that  respect,  whenever  a  loan  is  au-' 
thorized  by  law,  the  goverrnnent  will  act  upon  tlie 
ordinary  footing  of  an  api?licant  for  pecuniary  aw- 
con'imodation. 

I\^.  It  is  protiosed,  that  the  organi-:ation  of  the 
national  liank  shall  be  eitected  with  as  little  delay 
as  possible;  and  tliat  its  operatioT.s  siiall  conxnienc^ 
and  continue,  upon  the  basis  of  payments  in  t!iG 
current  coin  of  the  iJnited  States,  wltlt  a  qmillfied 
power  under  the  autiiority  of  the  government  t(> 
suspend  such  payments. 

The  proposition,  now  submitted,  necessarily  im,- 
plies  an  opinion  that  it  is  practicable  to  cumuiejic^ 
the  operations  of  tliC  national  bank  upon  a  rh-cu!a* 
tion  of  gold  and  silver  coin;  and,  in  support  cf  thp 


prehension  here.  Independent  of  the  obvious  im-  opinion,  a  few  remarks  are  respectfully  oifored  to 
pi'obability  of  the  attempt,  the  government  of  the  I  the  coiisideration  of  the  committee. 
United  States  Cannot,  by  ai^-  legislative  or  execu-  1.  The  aetual  i-ece-pts  of  the  baiik  at  tha  opcn^' 
tiVe  act,  impair  the  rigiits  or  multiply  tlic  obliga-ljng  of  the  subscription,  v.'ill  amount  to  the  savn  of 
tions  of  a  corporation  constitutionally  esti'blij'.hed,  j  }i,"K)0,4'J0  dol!ar^;  of  which  th?  .'uim  of  1,40v),Liij3. 
as  long  .as  the  independence  and  integrity  of  the  j  dollars  will  consist  of  gold  and  silver,  :,-!d  the  s  alt 
judicial  power  shall  be  imdntidned.  Whatever  ac- 1  of  7,O00,0i)U  of  didlara  will  consist  of  pub-.ic  .•iiCtk 
-.commodation  t!ie  treasury  may  iiave  occasion  to  j  convertible  by  side  into  gold  and  silver.  But  tini 
ask  from  tlie  bank,  can  only  be  asked  under  the  11- )  actual  receipts  of  t-lse  bank,  at  the  expiration  of  six 
cence  of  a  law;  imd  whatever  iiccommodation  shall  months  ironi  the  opening  of  'die  sub;,cript!on8,  -^  ill 
be  obtained,  must  be  obt.a:ied  from  tne  voluntiwy  j  amount  to  the  sum  of  rfi.80',),0'JiJ  d<!»!i:'.r<-;  of  v.hich 
assent  of  tlie  dircjclurs,  acting  under  the  respoiwi- 1  the  .cum  cf  2,8U'J,y'JO  d.oihiri;  v."ill  be  ir.  gu Id  and- 
biiiiy  of  their  trust.  |  silver,  and  XUq  sun>.  of  14,^00,00U  dollars  wiU  be  iij. 

Nor  can  it  be  d<>ubted  that  the  (icpartment  of  [  public  stock  converlikle  by  sale  into  gold  and  sit 
the  government,  wliich  i^s  invested  v/ilii  tiie  power!  ver.  To  the  fund  thus  possessed  by  the  bank,  tin! 
■of  appointment  to  all  tjie  important  OiTices  of  the  j  accumulations  of  the  public  revenue  and  tiic  dtp(V' 
state,  is  a  proper  d'.p.a-tment  to  exercise  tiie  pow- 1  sites  of  invlividuals,  being  ad<itd,  there  c^n  be  t-tf' 
er  of  appolnt;nent  in  relation  to  a  natunal  trust  of!  tie  doubt,  from  past  e.\pcrience  ami  cbserva'ion  i,*! 
incalculable  magnitude.  The  national  bank  ougiit  j  reference  to  similar  establishments,  ilj<t  asufi'dent. 
not  to  be  regarded  siinpiy  as  a  commercial  bank. —  |  foundation  will  e.^lst  for  a  gradual  and  judicio  la  i^"- 
It  v.-ill  not  'operate  upon  the  i'a.As  of  th-'j  stock-  [  sue  of  bank  notes  pa;,  able  on  deman-.l  in  the  currtni; 
-holders  alone,  hut  mucli  more  upon  tiic  funds  of,  coin;  unless,  coiitiMiy  to  ail  probability,  public  cort-' 
the  nat!or>.     Jis  conduct,  gxsod  or  >ad,  v.iii  iiot  :ii'.\  fidcnco  should  be  vvkWulil  horn  tl»e i»3,tUrt^jT;  '>?'^ 


\ 


363 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  1816. 


sinister  combinations  sliould  be  formed  to  defcut  its 
operations;  or  the  denmnds  of  a»  iiidavorable  ba- 
lance of  trade  should  press  upon  its  metidic  re- 
sources. 

2.  'I'he  public  co"  fidence  cannot  be  withheld 
from  the  iustitution.  'Die  resoui-ces  of  the  nation 
will  be  intimately  connected  with  the  resources  of 
tlie  bank.  The  notes  of  the  bank  are  accredited 
in  every  payment  to  the  government,  and  must  be- 
come familiar  in  every  pecuTilitvy  negociation. — Un- 
less, therefore,  a  state  of  thinji'S  exist  in  which 
^old  and  silver  only  can  command  the  public  con- 
fidence, the  national  bank  must  command  it.  l$ut 
the  expression  of  the  public  sentiment  does  nol, 
even  at  this  period,  leave  tlie  question  exposed  to 
ditfic\dtv  and  doul)t;  it  is  well  known  that  tlic 
Wealth  of  opulent  and  commercial  nations  requires 
for  \\r,  circulation  something-  more  than  a  medium 
composed  of  the  precious  metals.  The  incompe- 
tency of  the  existing-  paper  substitutes,  to  furiiisli 
a  national  currency,  is  also  well  known.  Hence, 
througliout  the  United  States,  the  public  jiope 
seems  to  rest,  attiiis  crisis,  upon  the  establishment 
of  a  national  bank;  and  every  citi/en,  upon  private 
or  upon  patriotic  m.o.tives,  will  be  prepared  to  sup- 
port the  institution. 

3.  Sinister  combinations  to  defeat  the  operations 
of  a  national  bank,  oug-ht  not  to  be  presumed,  and 
need  not  be  ftared.  It  is  true,  that  the  influence 
of  the  state  banks  is  extensively  diHused;  but  the 
state  banks  andtlie  patrons  of  the  state  banks,  pai-- 
take  of  the  existing  evils;  they  must  be  conscious 
of  tlie  inadequacy  of  state  institutions  to  restore 
and  maintain  tlie  national  currency;  they  will  per- 
ceive tliat  there  is  sufficient  space  in  the  commer- 
cial sphere,  for  the  moveraent  of  the  state  banks 
and  tiie  national  bank,  and»  upon  the  whole,  they 
will  be  ready  to  act  upon  the  impulse  of  a  common 
duty  and  a  common  interest.  If,  however,  most 
unexpectecfly,  a  different  course  should  be  pursu- 
ed, the  concurring  powers  of  the  national  treasiu-y 
and  the  natioiialbiuik,  will  be  sufficient  to  avert  the 
danger. 

4.  'Hie  demand  of  an  unfavorable  balance  of 
trade,  appears  to  be  much  overrated.  It  is  not 
practicable, at  this  time,  to  ascertain  either  tlie  va- 
lue of  the  goods  imported  since  the  peace,  or  the 
value  of  tlie  jn-openy  employed  to  pay  for  tliem. — 
Hut  when  it  i.s  considered  that  a  great  proportion 
of  the  iniportalions  arose  from  the  investment  of 
American  fundw  previously  in  Fiarope,  that  a  great 
proportion  of  the  ])rice  lias  been  liaivl  by  Ainei-i- 
i-:mi  i-.xpui-ts;  tliat  a  great  proporiujn  iias  been  paid 
by  reiiiutarccs  in  American  stocks;  und  tliat  a 
great  proporlion  remains  upon  credit,  to  be  paid 
by  gradual  remittances  of  goods,  as  well  as  in  coin 
— it  ca'  .;)t  be  justly  concluded,  that  the  balance 
f>f  tfde  has  luthtrio  materially  affected  the  n.i- 
tionai  stock  of  tlie  precious  metals.  So  tar  as  an 
f)]5jjo;tunily  has  occurred  for  observation,  the  de- 
mand for  gold  and  silver  to  export,  appears  rather 
\oiia\e  ai-isen  from  the  exptctation  of  obtaining  a 
higher  price  in  apart  of  Eurojje,  and  from  the  re- 
vival <jf  commerce  with  the  countries  bejond  the 
Cape  of  (lood  liope,  than  frum  any  necessity  to  pro- 
Tide  fur  tlie  payment  of  the^recent  importations  of 
^oods  into  the  United  States.  The  forjuer  of  these 
eauKcs  will  probably  soon  cease  to  operate;  and 
tlie  operation  of  tlic  latter,  may,  if  necessary,  be 
rcitiained  by  l.iw. 

riic    proposition   now  under  consideration,  fur- 
'r.  i-r  provKits   for   a   suspension  of  the    bunk  pay 


cy  should  arise,  It  must  be  agreed  on  all  hands  thaff 
thepower  of  suspension  ought  rather  to  be  confid- 
ed to  the  government,  than  to  the  directors  of  the^i 
institution. 

V.  It  is  projrosed  that  a  bonus  be  paid  to  the 
government  by  the  subscribers  to  the  national  bank^ 
in  consideration  of  the  emoluments  to  be  derived 
from  an  exclusive  charter^,  during  a  pariod  of  twen- 
ty 3'ears. 

independent  of  the  bonus,  here  proposed  to  be 
exacted,  there  are  undoubtedly  many  public  advan- 
tages to  be  drawn  from  the  establishment  of  the 
national  bank;  but  tliese  are  generally  of  an  inci- 
dental kind  and  (as  in  the  case  of  the  deposltes  and 
distribtitinn  of  the  revenue)  may  be  regarded  in  the 
!ig!it  of  etpnvalents,  not  for  the  monopoly  of  the 
charter,  but  for  the  reciprocal  advantages  of  a  fiscal 
connexion  with  the  public  treasury. 

The  amoimt  of  the  bonus  should  be  in  proportion 
to  the  value  of  tlic  charter  grant,  or  in  other  words, 
to  the  nett  profits  which  the  subscribers  will  proba- 
bly make,  in  consequence  of  tlieir  incorporation. 
The  average  rate  of  the  dividends  of  the  state  banks 
before  tiie  suspension  of  pa)-atents  in  coin,  was  about 
eigiit  per  cent,  per  annimi.  It  appears  by  a  report 
from  tliis  department  to  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, dated  the  od  of  April,  1810,  that  the  annual 
dividends  of  the  late  bank  of  tiio  United  States,, 
averaged  throughout  the  duration  of  its  charter,  the 
r.ite  ot'  8  13-36  per  cent.  Eut  under  all  tiie  circum- 
stances which  will  attend  t'le  establishment  and 
operations  of  the  proposed  national  bank,  its  enlarg- 
ed capital,  and  tlie  extended  field  of  competition,  it 
is  not  deemed  reasonable,  for  the  present  purpose 
to  rate  the  annual  dividends  for  the  institution  high- 
er than  7  per  cent,  upon  its  capital  of  35,000,000 
of  dollars. 

Allowing,  therefore,  two,  three  or  four  years  for 
the  payment  of  the  bonus,  a  sum  of  1,500,000  dol- 
lars would  amount  to  about  4 per  cent,  upon  the  ca- 
pital of  the  bank  ;  and  would  constitute  a  just 
equivalent  for  the  benefits  of  its  charter. 

\l.  It  is  proposed  that  the  measures  suggested 
by  tlie  following  considerations,  be  adopted,' to  aid 
ttie  national  bank  in  commencing  and  m.^intaining 
its  operations  upon  tlie  basis  of  p.'jments  in  the 
ciu-rent  coin. 

1.  To  restore  the  national  currency  of  gold  and 
silver,  it  is  essential  that  tlie  quantity  of  bank  pa- 
paper  hi  circulation  should  be  i-educed  ;  but  this, 
efiort  alone  will  be  sufficient  to  effect  the  object. 
By  reducing  tlie  amount  of  bank  paper,  its  value 
must  be  proportionably  increased  ;  and  as  soon  as 
the  amoimt  shall  be  contracted  to  the  limits  of  a 
just  proportion  in  the  circulating  medium  of  the 
country,  tlie  consequent  revival  cvf  the  tises  for  coin, 
in  the  business  of  exchange,  will  insure  its  re-ap- 
peai-ancc  ui  abundance.  The  policy,  the  interest, 
and  the  honor  of  the  stitte  banks,'  vvill  stimulate 
tiiem  to  undertake  and  to  prosecute  this  salutary 
work.  But  it  will  be  proper  to  apprise  them  that 
after  a  specified  day,  the  notes  of  such  banks  as  have 
not  resinned  their  payments  in  the  curi-ent  coin,  will 
not  be  i-eceived  m  pa}nieiUH,  either  to  the  govern- 
ment  or  to  the  national  bank. 

2.  'I'he  resumption  of  payments  in  current  coin,  at. 
the  state  baiik.s,  will  remove  every  obstacle  to  the 
commencement  of  similar  piiyniciiis  at  the  national 
bank.  Tlie  difficulty  of  commencing  payments  in  coin 
's  not,  however,  to  be  considered  as  eqiial  to  thC  diffi- 
culty of  resuming  them.  The  national  bank,  free 
from  all  engagements,   will  be  able  to  regulate  its 


^i.cr.ts  m  coui  upon  any  future  emergency.     Tins  i.s  issues  of  paper,  with  a  view  to  the  danger  as  well  as 
merely  -^  uiatter  of  precaution^  but  if -he  emer-en-ito  the  dem-and,  that  may  be  fonjid  to  exist.,    liut  i.u. 


NILES^   WEEKLY  REGISTER-INTERNAL  TAXES. 


S69 


raucIlUoD  to  the  privileg-es  granted  by  the  charter,  it 
vill  also  be  pi-oper  to  apprise  the  state  banks,  that 
after  the  commencement  of  the  operations  of  the 
Hational  bunk,  the  notes  of  such  banks  as  do  not 
agree  to  receive,  re-issue  and  circulate,  the  notes  of 
that  institution,  shall  not  be  received  in  payments, 
either  to  the  government  or  to  the  national  bank. 

3.  The  possibility  tliat  the  national  currency  of 
-com  may  not  be  perfectly  restored,  at  the  time  of 
org'anizing  the  bunk,  has  induced  the  proposition, 
tliat  the  i)a}'ment  of  the  g-overnment  subscription 
to  the  capital  shall  be  made  in  treasury  notes,  which 
will  be  receivable  in  all  payments  to  the  govern- 
ment, and  to  the  national  bank,  but  which  will  not 
be  demandable  in  coin  The  principle  of  this  pro- 
position might  perhaps  be  usefully  extended,  to  au- 
thorise the  national  bank  to  Issue  notes  of  a  similar 
character,  for  a  limited  period :  and  it  will  be  jm-o- 
per  fui'ther  to  apprise  the  state  banks  tliat  ihe  notes 
of  such  l>anks  as  do  not  agree  to  receive,  re-issue, 
and  circuLate,  these  treasuiy  notes,  or  national  bank 
notes,  shall  not  be  received  in  payments,  either  to 
the  govei'nment  or  to  the  national  bank. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  8;c. 

A.  J.  DALLAS. 
Hon.  John  C.  Calhoun, 

diairman  of  ihe  committee  on  ihe  national  cvrrenci/. 

[Here  follows  the  "outline  of  a  plan  for  the  na- 
tional bank,"  already  published.] 


Internal  Taxes. 

Letter  from  the  secretary  of  tlie  ti'easury  and  com- 
missioner of  the  revenue,  to  the  chairman  of  tlic 
committee  of  ways  and  n^eans,  containing  esti- 
mates of  the  prob.iblc  amount  of  tlie  internal  du- 
ties which  have  accrued,  and  will  accrue,  in  the 
year  1.815. 

Treasnrv  Department,  Dec.  26, 1S15. 
SiH — In  answer  to  your  letter,  which  was  received 
on  the  23d  inst.  I  have  the  honor  to  subjoin  an  esti- 
mate of  the  ]>robable  amount  of  the  internal  dutiv  ■ 
accruing  in  ibe  year  1815,  as  stated  by  the  commis- 
fiioners  of  the  revenue. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  sir,  your 
obedient  servant,  A.  J.  DALLAS. 

Hoy.  W'm.  Lowndes, 

Chairman  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means. 

Estimate  of  the  probable  amount  of  the  internal  duiias 
i'vhirh  'xili  accrue  for  tlie  year  1815. 

On  licenses  for  stills  and  boilers,  1,000^000 

Distilled  spirits,  2,500,000 

Carriages,  175,000 

Licenses  to  retailers,  900,000 

Sales  at  auction,  850,000 

Refined  sugar,  50,000 

Stamps  400,000 

Furniture  and  watches,  300,000 

Manufactured  articles  other  than  the 

foregoing,  874,000 


7,049,000 
From  these  duties  and  the  outstanding  balances 
on  the  31st  December,  1814,  it  is  computed  that 
there  will  be  received  by  tlie  collectors  during  the 
year  1815,  the  amount  of  5,000,000 

Computing  tlie  expcnces  of  collection  at 

6  per  cent.  300,000 


There  will  remain  a  nett  revenue  of 


4,700,000 


.leaving  a  balance  outstanding  on  the 

31st  December,  1S15>  of  3;413j946 


In  the  cstimat^c  rendered  on  the  I6th  of  Decern^ 
her,  1814,  it  was  computed  th.it  the  whole  accruing 
internal  duties,  including  tliose  ccmtemplated  in 
pending-  bills  to  be  imposed  for  an  entire  year,  after 
they  should  be  in  full  operation,  would  amount  lf» 
10,379,000  dollars.  'iMie  preceding  estimate  falls 
considerably  short  of  this  sum.  This  ditFtrence 
irises  from  the  <miission  of  duties  on  the  postage 
of  letters  ;  from  several  of  the  new  duties  not  being 
in  ojieration  dui-inga  considcra1)lc  portion  of  1815, 
some  of  the  acts  imposing  them  not  having  been 
passed  as  early  as  was  contcmiilated  ;  from  the  en- 
tire rejection  of  some,  and  radical  changes  in  other 
of  the  proposed  duties  ;  from  the  modifications  of 
several  6f  the  suggested  provisions  for  tlieir  collec- 
tion, and  from  the  eft'ects  of  peace.  For  instance, 
the  duties  on  lotteries,  and  on  liorses,  which  it  was 
calculated  would  produce  220,000  dollars,  were  not 
imposed;  the  proposed  duty  on  leather  was  reduced 
one  half,  by  wliich  its  estin'iated  proceeds  WTDuld  be 
diminished  300,000  doll.irs  ;  that  on  candles  was  so 
limited  as  to  except  candies  of  spermaceti  and  all 
tallow  candles  oiber  than  mould  ;  wliile  the  duties 
on  hats,  paper,  and  playing  cards  were  considerably 
diminished.  In  the  case  of  can-iagan,  tiie  proposed 
rates  of  duty  were  not  only  greatly  reduced,  bat 
provisions  reject  !;^(1  tluit  were  viewed  as  necessary 
to  its  i'Av  collection.  But  the  greatest  effect  has 
probably  ensued  from  the  state  of  peace,  by  which 
the  quantitv  of  spirits  distilled,  .^is  well  as  of  various 
other  dutiable  objects  of  manufacture,  has  been  con- 
siderably diminished,  especiallyfrom  the  substract- 
ed  war  demand  for  the  former  by  the  army,  and  ge^ 
nerally  from  the  apprehension  of  foreign  CQmpeti- 
tion/' 

TaKisunr  Depaktment — 

Be-oennc  Offxe,  Jamiarvj  15,  1816. 

Sin— 1  liavc  thehonor,  agreeably  to  your  request, 
to  make  tlie  following  statements  and  estimates  : 

The  duties  oi\  household  furniture  and  gold  and 
silver  watchc;,  according;  to  lists  received  from 
eightv-nine  districts,  amount,  on  household  furniture 
to  29',271  doll-r-,  and  on  gold  and  silver  watches  to 
90,352  dollars.  ,      c  .^ 

It  may  be  estimated  that  the  amounts  of  these 
duties,  i'u  all  the  districts  of  the  United  States,  will 
be  on'  household  furniture,  75,000  dollars,  and  on 
-old  and  silver  Mratches,  235,000  dollars: 
"  I'he  duties  on  v:-rious  gooda,  wares  and  iwerchnn- 
dize  manufactured  in  tlie  United  States,  wliicli  have 
accrued  to  the  30th  September  List,  so  tar  as  re- 
turns have  beeu  received,  are, 

Oalron  .  ^~'i'SJh 

Nails,  bradi  T^d  sprigs  4b,bUJ  53 

Candles  ^^^  '^"^ 

Hats,  caps,  and  bonnets,  69,690  13 

Umbrellas  and  parasols  J.^y-  12 

Taper  ^"^'^^-^  l\ 

PUying  and  visiting  cards  8  3.3 

Saddles  and  bridles  36,066  61 

Boots  and  bootees  16,0^2  9.5 

Beer,  ale  and  porter  .Jfl^^  o- 

Tobacco,  segai-s  and  snuff  \11'7,m«  nf. 

Leather  ,  .          ^' ^^^^  ^^ 
Gold,  silver  and  plated  ware,  and  jew- 
elry and  paste  work 


1«,564  56 


-j-Qtal  450,893  25 

It  may  be  estimated  that  the  respective  amounts 
of  these  duties  for  an  entire  yer.r  wiU  be, 

On  Iron  ^-t  r** 

Nail,  br.ids  and  sprigs  1  '7,im., 


Candles 


J,47? 


Q^{)      JJILES'  WEEKLY  aEWlSTER— SATURDxVY,  JANUARY  27,  1816. 


Hats,  caps  and  bonnets 
Umbrellas  and  psirascla 
Paper 

riaying-  .ind  visiting  cards' 
Saddles  and  bridles 
Hoots  and  bootees 
Beer,  ale,  and  porter 
'IDbacco,  segars  and  siiuif, 
Lesther 

Gold,  sdver  and  plated  ware,  and  jewel- 
ry and  paste  work. 


264,822 

12,889 

55,077 

30 

137,055 
64,379 
28,017 

434,56n 

255,382 

70,163 


Total,  _  1,598,BW 

I  am  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

SAMUE^i  H.  SMITH. 
flos.  WiLiiATM  Lowndes, 

Chairman  of  tjie  cojnmittee  of  ways  and  rnean^. 

Vermont  Statistics. 

[communicated  for  the  weekly  ar.GisTEH.] 

Su'Tmiary  abstract  of  the  valuation  of  lands,  lots 

and  dwelling  houses,  within  the  state  of  Vermont, 

pubject   to  tiie  direct  tax  of  18|5,  as  revised  and 

equalized  by  the  board  of  principal  ass*>ssors,  com- 

pured  with  the  valuation  of  said  state  as  revised  by 

the  board  of  commissioners  under  the  act  laying  the 

riii'ect  tax  of  1798. 

Yalimtion  of  ISIS. 

^2,y02,'v'24 


Bennmg-ton  county, 


Rutland 

do. 

4,363,265 

AVindham 

do. 

3,952,653 

Windsor 

do. 

5,227,7.52 

Orange 

do. 

3,624,566 

Addison 

do, 

3,85S,'j96 

Chittenden 

do. 

2,976,418 

Franklin 

do. 

1,713,469 

Gr^id  Isle 

do. 

456,160 

Caledonia 

do. 

2,015,677 

Esses 

do. 

467,547 

Orieuns 

do. 

903,294 

Valuation  of  1T98. 

^1,208,174 

1,940,714 

2,073,885 

2,552,961 

1,614,236 

1,324,32U 

1,296,338 

996,183 

198,138 

1,077,313 

357,502 

517,518 


Total 


^32,461,120       S 15, 157,082 
XAnds  in  Vermont  subject  to  the  direct 

tax,  ;.bout  4,920,000  acres 

J.ands  exempted  from     do.     about      280,000  acres 
liate  of  the  tax  of  1815  is  60  cents  and  6  mills  on 

each  100  dollars. 
Value  of  taxable  lands  and  buildings  increased  since 

1798,  ^17,3^9,038. 

JiaHk  of  Virginia. 

From  the    Em/t/crer   of  January  16. 
A  >Ji;w  tAB>; — TO  '• 

A  cs-se  has  tiiken  place  in  this  city,  which  has  ex- 
cited much  curiosity,  and  is  calculated  tq  produce 
puich  m-erest  throuo;!ioiit  the  union. 

Some  xime  past,  Mr  fietirgc  Fi-^Ler,  of  this  city, 
called  upon  the  bank  of  Virj^inia  for  the  p.^yRien. 
pi'  ten  of  ils  notes,  of  one  Innidred  dollars  each,  in 
4piCie.  Thebtuik  dt-clined  pjyment.  Mr.  F.  wisSi- 
jcd  at  tiiat  lime  to  sue  for  the  sume. — bu-.  it  seems 


step,  and  took  counsel  upon  it.  Mr.  Trosser,  th& 
sheriff' of  the  county,  M'aited  u;»on  the  pre.sident,  an<l 
informed  him  of  his  intention  to  serve  the  distrii). 
gas  on  tlie  15  inst.  being  the  day  immediately  before 
the  rule-day.  This  day  wag  selected,  that  the  open 
r.aon  might  f.l;  upon  the  bank  as  lightly  as  possij. 
ble.  The  president  of  the  bank  shewed  him  the 
opinion  of  liis  counsel  ;  in  which,  we  understand,  it 
is  advised,  that  upon  a  distringas  the  officer  may 
titke  enough  to  cover  Ike  charges  of  the  suit  in  the 
first  instance,  and  double  and  treble  jmd  so  on,  after 
each  rule-day,  upon  the  bank's  refusing  to  enter  its 
appeara  ce. 

Ye.'.terday,  Mv.  P.  waited  on  the  bank  to  serve  the 
process,  wliich  was  in  tlie  follo^ving  style  : 
The  commonwealth  of  Virginia  to  tlie  sJici-iJ}'  of  Ilenrica, 

countif,  ffreeti?tff. 

WHEREAS  George  Fisher  hath  lately  in  our  sti-. 
perior  court  of  law  for  the  said  county,  instituted  a 
certain  action  of  debt  against  the  president,  direct;- 
ors,  &.  Co.  of  the  bank  of  Virginia,  and  the  defend' 
ants  have  been  summoned  to  answer  in  the  said  ac- 
tion, as  by  your  return,  fully  appears  ;  yet  the  said 
defendants  have  hithei-to  neglected  so  to  do,  jmd  as 
appears,  inanifestly  contemn  -.  Therefore,  we  com- 
mand you  that  you  distrain  the  said  president,  di- 
rectors, &  Co.  by  all  their  lands  and  chattels  within 
your  bailiwick,  so  tjiat  neither  they  nor  any  one 
tlirough  tliem  vaay  lay  hands  on  the  same  until  you 
shall  receive  fiom  us  another  command  thereupon, 
ar.l  that  of  the  issues  and  profits  thereof,  you  an- 
swer to  us  so  tliat  tlie  said  president,  directors,  8; 
C6.  appear  at  the  clerk's  office  of  our  said  superior 
court  of  law  for  Hem-jico  county  at  tlie  rules  to  be 
holden  for  the  said  court,  on  the  16th  day  of  Janua- 
rj  next,  to  answer  tlie  said  George  Fislier  of  a  plea, 
that  they  render  to  him  one  hundred  dollars,  wliich 
they  owe  him  and  unjustly  detain  as  he  saith,  and, 
to  the  damage  of  the  said  George  Fisher  twenty  dol- 
lars and  to  bear  thereof  judgment  of  their  many 
defaults  :  and  further  to  do  and  receive  what  oiir 
said  court  shall  in  this  part  consider — and  have  tlien 

there  this  writ. Witness  .Tohn  Robinson,  cierk  of 

our  said  superior  court,  at  Richmond,the  21st  day  of 
December,  1S15,  in  the  40th  yeai- of  our  foundation, 

J.  ROBINSON      ' 

The  sheriff  was  charged  with  ten  copies  of  this 
process,  corresponding  with  thennmbeiMjf  suits. 

Mr.  Rrockenbrough,  the  president,  refused  to 
obey  the  process  peaceably.  The  sheritt  then  call- 
ed on  tlie  by-standcrs  as  a  pause  comitatits,  amongi 
others  who  were  accidentally  pre*fnt,  were  Mr. 
John  Marsl»e!,  Mr.  P.  V.  Daniel,  Mr.  Poitiaux,  3Ir. 
S.  Payne,  &c.  &c.  The  president  tendered  several 
euglf.'i'fin  goid  to  cover  thecos^s — the  sherih'  refused 
to  accept  them — on  which  the  president  was  led  by 
the  »rm,  wi  liout  any  further  opposition,  out  of  the 
door  of  tjie  bank.  The  books  wei  e  closed — the  key 
of  the  vault  W.is  put  into  the  hands  of  tJie  cashier. 
Mr.  Prosser  closed  the  door  of  the  bank  and  put  the 
key  into  i~jis  pocket.  Tlie  Farmers'  R.ink  were  sOi 
*ccoramodatlng  yesterday,  as  to  take  up  all  the 
checks,  which  were  drawn  on  the  Virginia  Bank, 
It  unfortunately  hstppens  by  the  way,  that  ycslprday 
was  the  first  day  foi'  paying  out  tlie  last  liaif  year'a 
fiiriclends  of  the  histitution. 

One  f.,ct  more — I'hc  bank  immediately  took  QilV 
a  writ  a.gaihsi  Mr,  Fisher  for  ^10,000  dollars  dama- 
;^es,  whicli  was  served  by  Mr.  Prosser — iind  the  same 


t!iei  e  was  no  one  v-x  tlie  b.-ir  who  was  wiilinir  to  con- 

d'  ct  the  suit.     In  November  last  the  subject  was 

again  t.>ken  iii>^}aKl   Mi .  Fifiiier  took  out  of  t!ie 

(CiciR's  virricL  of  t.,e  superior  court  of  Uv>-  for  tlijb 

couutv,  :  numriums  cgKinstthe  president  and  dircct- 

ois  of  tlie   l);tiik  of  Virgin isi,  on  an  .ic". Ion  t'or  ten 

no'cs  of  loo  Cioljur.s  e.ich.     The  bard:  did  not  a/)/»ertr  [process,  it  is    understood,  has  gone  forth  against 

at  I  hi.  rul<:-ilati  on. the  16th  of  Jie  last  montli.  [himself. 

Mr.  Fi-lier's  counsel,  upon  tliis,  took  out  a  dis-j  Whether  the  bank  will  or  not  make  its  appearance 
^iiiga^,  a  jjr<,ces.i  under  the  comnion  lav.r  to  rcuci.  at  the  rules  this  day,  and  tlius  relieve  itself  from 
a  cvr^wrale  body.    The  b;uik  was  apprised  of  tiiis^the  distringire,  which  interrupts  its  proceedi^i»»!^6 


NILES'    WEEKLY  REGISTER— BANK  GP  VIRGmiA. 


371 


'fs  not  for  us  to  say— if  it  does,  the  great  point  of 
-tlispute  may  come  to  issue  at  the  next  spnng-  term — 
If  it  does  not,  it  is  not  competent  for  us  to  conjec- 
ture t!ie  cours-i  of  proceading'. 

On  the /joint  of  line,  we  say  notliing— Rvit  we  are 
perfectly  satisfied  that  tlie  b:mks  are  under  the 
eiearest"  conviction  that  they  cajinot  venture  to  re- 
sume tneir  specie  pnyments  without  a  concert  with 
the  principal  banks  in  tiie  northern  towns.  Against 
atiii  opinioii,  we  have  to-day  given  place  to  an  inge- 
nious ess:iy  from  a  "Merchant,"  written,  we  are  sa- 
tified,  with  no  sort  of  bearing  upon  the  pending 
prosecution.  As  Sir  Roger  de  Coverly  says,  "much 
may  be  s<iid  on  botii  sides." 

Of  tjie  solvertci/  of  the  Virginia  Bank,  not  a  slia- 
dpw  of  doubt  c.ui  possibly  exist. 

January  18. 

The  Bank  of  Virginia — Was  shut  on  Tuesday — 
but  is  again  offn.  lu  the  course  of  that  day,  (being 
the  first  day  of  tJte  rules.)  Hr.  Prossei-  returned 
the  distringas  imo  the  clei-k's  office,  with  this  en- 
tlorsenpciit: 

"In  pursuance  of  the  within  distringas  to  me  di- 
rected, I  have  distrained  the  bunking  house  of  the 
said  bank  of  Virginia,  locked  the  door  of  the  same, 
and  have  the  key  in  my  possession — being  all  the 
property  known  to  me  belonging  to  the  sifid  bank 
■vvitliin  my  bailiwick — :md  no  issues  have  accrued 
therefrom. 

"T.  H.  PROS.SER,  S.  II.  C. 
«=Jan.  15tl!,  1816- 

Li  the  cou:-se  of  the  same  day,  notwithstanding, 
the  bank  executed  some  business  up  stairs,  in  th« 
room  usu-dly  set  apar'i  for  tlie  board  of  du-ectoi-s. — 
The  cashier  himseif  lives  up  stairs.  It  seems  that 
the  outer  door,  wliich  leads  into  the  passage,  into 
■which  tlte  stairs  descend,  had  not  been  closed. 

On  Wednesday  (yesterday)  luorniu^,  the  door 
from  tlie  passage  into  tlie  ba)ik,  of  which  door  Mr. 
Presser  had  a  key,  was  opened  without  any  iiuirks 
of  violence  :ind  aftervv:u-ds  the  front  door  of  tJic 
bank.  The  officers  resumed  theu-  evocations  as 
usual.  They  have  certauily  the  pQ.s.?e8si9u— tiiey 
have  got  it  without  tlie  leave  of  the  otiJcer,  but  by 
what  means  of  hocus  pocus  it  was  obtainetl,  whether 
by  a  charm  or  key,  is  not  poiitively  ascertained, 
however  shrewdly  suspected. 

The  bank  has  t.iken  no  steps  at  all  to  plead — not 
liaving  entered  its  appear:mce  at  tlie  rules.  No  step 
has  been  taken  at  the  clerk's  office  by  the  otiier 
party  in  the  course  of  yesterday,,  It  is  said,  that 
the  piaintiffhas  made  propositions  of  a  compromise, 
which  have  cerUdnly  not  yci  b^n  accepted. 

Ere  we  close  tins  matter,  we  will  state  that  Mr. 
Prosser  did  not  giik  the  key  of  the  vault  to  Uik 
cashier,  never  having  had  it  in  his  possession— but 
simply  requested  him  to  deposit  his  vaJuubles,  &.c. 
hi  tlie  vault  and  to  keep  tlie  key  of  it,  as  tiic  key  to 
the  outer  door  was  suiilcient  for  himself  Tlie  writ 
lias  never  been  served  upon  Uie  sheriff— oae  WiS 
taken  out,  but  from  some  cause  or  other  has  not  been 
e-Kccuted — one  rea.->on  probably  was,  that  it  was 
found  the  right  way  to  proceed  against  him  was  not 
■Jjy  wav  of  w,"/<,  but  by  sMwmo«s.  .    -,.  . 

Tiii's  whole  dispute  h,  in  fact,  betweon  one  mdivi- 
tluai.tndtliebank.ofViri.inl:i— it  i*  for  one  thous,ind 
dollars,  which  is  a  mere  pittiuice,  cami)!ircd  vrtti, 
-the  resotu-ces  of  the  bank— Mr.  Fisher  ihii;l:s  lucfl- 
self  entitled  to  specie— Tne  bunk,  th...igh  as  aoly 
managed,  and  as  ready  competent  to  meet  its  en- 
ga"-einents  .is  any  bank  in  tlie  union,  i.s  unwdlmg,  be- 
cause it  tl-.inks  it  expedient,  while  otiier  institutions 
liave  locked  vairits,  to  pay  out  its  gold  and  silver  r.t 
tifh  t^K-.     It  has  zealously  prcpuTctl  in-  the-  rc- 

y  -■        ■      ' 


s.iiaptio.i  of  specie  p.nyments — It  Is  as  v/llllng,  and 
will  be  as  able  to  do  it  in  a  siiort  time,  as  any  other 
Justitutio:i — but  thinks  it  is  its  duty  to  act  in  concert 
with  others. 

It  is  in  fact  a  sort  of  carte  and  tierce — a  mere 
trial  of  skill.  Mr.  F.  wislies  to  cut  the  bank  short. 
The  bank  wishes  a  little  time — time,  not  for  itself, 
but  to  allow  the  other  b.mlcs  an  oppoitmilly  of  pre- 
paring to  pay  out  specie — and  thus  to  prevent  tiiose 
banks,  or  any  others,  from  crippling  its  own  treasur- 
ed resources. 

Jimnary  20. 

The  Bank — Again.  No  other  legal  stc|)  ii;,s  been 
taken — no  co»ipromise  yet  between  the  plaiatifl'  ami 
the  bank — some  negociations  have  taken  place,  but 
nothing  definifive  settled.  We  liu\  e  nothing  n>:.j  to 
give  on  the  subject. 


Executive  Appointments. 

The  foliowiiig  appointments,  made  by  the  PuEsft« 
DE.vTofthe  UKued  States,  during  the  recess  of  con- 
gress, have  i<een  receaitly  conlirmed  by  the  Sk\atk, 
viz. 

William  Barnett,  of  Georgin,  Benjavtin  Hawkins-, 
of  North  CiU'olIr.',  a«d  Eduiwul  P.  Gaines,  a  majof 
general  in  the  uervlce  of  the  United  States,  commi.-i- 
sianers  for  running-  the  boundary  line  v.Ith  die  Crcok 
indi.uis. 

Jonathan  Fiak,  of  New- York,  to  be  attomevof  the 
United  States  for  the  southern  district  of  the  state 
of  New- York. 

Roger  Skinner,  of  Nev/-York,  to  he  attorney  fon" 
the  norttiern  district  of  the  same  state. 

jM'icholas  Grft//,  of  New- York,  to  he  register  of  t'lC 
land  office  of  the  United  States  \*?;st  ofPcarl  River. 

William  Dnvies,  of  Georgia,  to  be  attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  ti»c  Georgia  dLstrict. 

J^'athaidel  A.  /Fart-,  of  the  Mi  j.^Is.sippi  Territory, 
to  be  secrerary  In  and  for  the  said  Territory. 

John  W.  lAvingsion,  oi'  New-York,  to  be  marshal 
for  the  northern di.sU'ict  of  New- York. 

William  S  Pennington,  of  New-Jersey,  to  be  judge 
of  the  disti-ict  coui-t,  in  and  for  the  New-Jersey  did. 
trict. 

Js'athau  Litfhorongh,  Walter  S.  Chamller,  and 
John  II^ugh,  to  be  jusLiccis  of  the  peace  tor  the  coun- 
ty of  Washington,  in  die  district  of  Colnmbia. 

George  W.  P.  Cuatis,  to  be  justlctt  of  the  peace  fot* 
the  couuty  of  Alexandria,  In  the  same  district. 

SoLoman  >%hley,  of  the  Miciiigan  Territory,  to  be 
attorney  of  tiie  tjnited  States  for  the  said  territory. 

Thomat  Ro\dand,  of  tlie  same  territoiy,  to  iJe 
mai'slial  thereof 

'J'homus  'I'awL'i,  of  Kentucky,  to  be  one  of  tiie 
judges  in  and  over  tlic  Illl.iois  Territory. 

A'iaiaii  Ed-warih,  of  the  IlUnois  Territoiy,  to  br 
govci'nor  of  tlio  s-Aid  territory. 

James  Prince,  of  >Ii.5»:icttu.setts,  to  hz  marshal 
for  the  district  of  ALissAchu-seus. 

JrtloiAdum*  Smith,  ot  New-York,  to  he.  secretary 
of  the  lejyalion  of  the  United  Stiitcs  in  Uondoii. 

M'illiam  Shaler,  of  New-York,  to  be  consul  gene- 
ral of  the  Uoited  States  for  the  city  and  kingdora 
of  .\igie>s. 

Thomas  ^T/»/nwa",of  Ma-ss^chus^tts,  to  be  conaui 
of  tb£  United  States  at  London. 

Samuel  Earard,  of  .Massachusetts,  to  be  consul  of 
the  United  States  at  Antwei-p. 

PhilJp  fie  Pey.iter,  of  New-York,  to  be  consul  for 
the  island  of  Gsiutl^tioupe, 

John  ^Mitchell,  Ol  Penn3}'lvania,  to  be  consil  for 
I  the  island  of  -Martinique. 


S72 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  1816 


Sam^'  S   Voorhees,  of  Pennsj'lvania,  to  be  consul 
at  Peraiinbiico,  in  Brazil. 

Audrciv  .ftcrtrtj'?,  of  Maryland,  to  be  consul  for  the 
felund  of  Manilla. 

TItDmv.s  JJ.  .'?/!r/<'r,so/i,  of  Pennsylvania,  to  be  con- 
S*d  for  the  city  and  king-dom  of  Tunir.. 

Robert  Sluflany,  of  New- York,  to  be  consul  for  the 
it-'jland  of  St.  Croix 

Robert  IV.  Fox,  of  Great  BrlUiin,  to  be  consul  at 
PainfiouJi,  in  Great  Hvitain. 

James  L.  Cathcavt,  of  Pennsylvania,  to  be  consul 
M  C)adiz. 

Robert  Sterry,  of  New-York,  to  be  consul  at  La 
TJochelie,  in  Fmnce. 

Robert  II.  Macpher^on,  of  Pennsylvaviia,  to  be 
consul  for  tlie  isUnd  of  Madeira. 

Thomas  Johnston,  of  Marylund,  to  be  consul  at 
Calais,  in  France. 

.IVuhu-cI  lio^an,  of  New-York,  to  be  consul  at 
Cork,  in  Ireland. 

James  Luke,  of  Ireland,  to  be  consul  at    Belfast. 

Bernard  Jlenry,  of  Pennsylvania,  to  be  consul  at 
Gibraltar. 

Joliii  ITartier,  of  Delaware,  to  be  consul  for  tlie 
island  of  Porto  Hico. 

IVilliam  G»mble,  of  New-Jersey,  to  be  collector 
fir  the  district,  and  inspector  of  the  reventve  for 
the  port  of  MichiliiinaciUac. 

ll'iUiam  Gray,  of  Yirg-iiiia,  to  be  inspector  of  the 
revenue  for  the  port  of  Port  lioyal. 

Thomas  Jj.  Butler,  of  Louisiana,  to  be  surveyor 
and  iijspcctoi  of  the  revenue  for  the  port  of  New- 
Oi'Icans. 

David  Richar'.knn,  of  North  Carolina,  to  be  sui'- 
voyor  and  Ijspector  of  the  revenue  for  the  port  of 
Pu.  quotmk  liiver  Bridge. 

Josiiih  Tcnvnseiul,  of  North  Carolirj^,  tobes(u-yey- 
or  and  innpecior  of  the  revenue  ibr  the  port  of  Hert- 
ford, in  North  Carolina. 

Rfibrrt  Fleming,  of  New-York,  to  be  collector  for 
the  district,  and  inspector  of  the  revenue  for  the 
Yj^'>r\  of  Ni.ig'ara, 

Tltonuis  il  Vvxhing,  to  be  coUecLor  for  the  dis- 
ti'ict  of  Ne'v  London. 

.Juse/ih  Carr,  .o  be  survcvor  and  inspector  of  the 
;'evcii-.e  for  the  port  »f  Bangor,  in  the  district  of 
l'c;;ob3cot. 

The  president  of  the  United  States  has  recogni- 
zed Mr.  Guii.,].£MA^  a?  consul  (ad  interim)  of  his 
ni  jcsiy  the  kir.^  of  France  and  Navarre,  for  the 
jjo;t  of  Baltimore.  I 

Mv,    Li:i.r'rp  as  vice  consul    (ad   interim)   of  his* 
mfijcsly  the  king  of  France  and  J^avarre,  for  the 
]..<;rlof  Sav.atinali. 


Fi)reiOii  Articles. 

fre.aty   l>et-!veen   France   and  the   allied  po-wars,  con- 
ceded lit  Paris,  on  the'iWh  of  .Vovember,   1815. 

Tranilatfxl  for  the  Commercial  Advertiser. 
In  the  name  of  tli.e  Most  Holy  and   Undivided 
T. -mi'y ! 

'i'hc  allied  powers  having,  by  their  imited  efforts, 
mill  i;.r  the  s^^ccess  of  their  arms,  preserved  France 
and  F.urope  from  the  destruction  witli  which  tliey 
were  Tnenaced  r)V  tiie  last  attempts  of  Napoleon 
llonan.ute,  and  by  the  revolutionur)  system  repro- 
<du;-.eO  in  France  in  support  of  said  attempts. 

P.tv.icipating  with  his  most  Christian  majesty  in  a 
v.-isli  to  consolidate,  by  tlie  inviolable  preservation 
of  tlie  loval  .authority,  and  the  introduction  of  the 
tvinj-itutionat  charter  to  its  full  vigor,  the  order  of 
taint's  happily  re-tstabiiehed  in  France,  as  well  as  to 
rc-btore  th<"  I'elatiorrs  of  ctmftdencw  and  reciprocal 


good  will  between  France  and  the  surrounding  na- 
tions, which  the  uuh.ippy  effects  of  the  revolution 
and  the  spirit  of  conquest  h.ave  so  long  interrupted. 

Persuaded  tliat this  last  object  can  only  be  accom-, 
plisheci  by  an  arrangement  adequate  to  insure  just 
indemnity  for  the  past,  and  a  solid  guarantee  for  tlje, 
future — 

Mnve  taken  into  consideration,  in  concert  with 
his  n..,jesty  the  king  of  FYance,  the  means  of  real- 
izhig  this  arr."iugemeTit4  and  having  acknowledged 
that  the  indemnity  due  to  the  powers  can  neither  be 
wholly  territorial  or  pectiniary,  without  interfering 
in  some  degree  \yith  the  essential  interests  of 
Fr«Bcc,  and  tiiat  it  would  be  most  e?cpedient  to 
combme  the  objects  proposed,  in  order  to  avoid 
those  tvvo  inconveniences,  their  imperial  and  royal 
majesties  Imve  adopted  this  basis  for  their  actual 
negociation€;  and  being  mutually  convinced  of  the 
necessity  of  preserving,  for  a  determinate  period, 
in  the  frontier  provinces  of  France,  a  certain  num- 
ber of  allied  troops,  they  have  agreed  to  combine 
the  different  dispositions  founded  upon  tlus  basis, 
in  a  definitive  treaty. 

To  this  end,  and  for  this  purpose,  his  majesty  the 
king  of  France  .-^.nd  Navarre,  of  tlie  one  party,  and 
bis  majesty  the  emperor  of  Austria,  liing  of  Hunga- 
ry and  Bohemia,  for  himself  and  iiis  allies,  of  tlie' 
other  part,  have  n.amed  their  plenipotentiaries,  to 
discus-;,  to  concUide,  and  sign  tl:c  said  definitive" 
treaty,  to  wit: 

[Here  follows  the  names  and  qualities  of  the  pleni~ 
potentiaries.'] 

Art.  I.  The  frontics  of  France  shall  remain  as 
they  were  in  1790,  with  the  exception  of  the  mo- 
dification of  both  parties,  which  are  uwlicated  iiV 
the  present  article.  .   -  . 

1.  On  the  froatiers  of  the  north,  the  line  of  de- 
marcation sh.all  remain  such  as  the  treaty  of  Fat-is' 
had  fi.\ed  it  tir.td  it  reaches  opposite  to  Quicerain; 
from  thence  it  shall   follow  tlie   ancient    limits  of 
the   Kejgic  provinces,  of  the  former  l)ishoprick  of 
Liege;  and  the  duchy  of  Rouilloa,  such  as  it  exist- 
ed in  179U;  leaving  the  enclosed  territories  of  Phil- 
lipville  and  Marienbourg,  together  with  the  places 
by   thnt  name,    and  the  whole   duchy  of  Bouillon, 
witliout  the  frontiers  of  France;  from  Villas  near 
Orval    on  the    confines   of  tlie   department  of  Ar- 
dennes   and  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxembourg,  as 
£xr   as    Puic,     upon     the    caitseway    which    leads 
from    Thionville    to    Neves,     the    line    shall     re- 
main such  as  it  was  <Jesigiiated  by  tlie  treaty  of  Pa- 
ris.    From  Pale  it   will  pass  by  Launsdorf,  Walier- 
ish,   Schardorf,   Nicdaveilling  Pellweihi,  all  which 
places,   with   tjieir  liberties  ffranchisesj  shall  re- 
main to  Fr;uicc,   as  far  as  Hotive,  and  from  thence 
shall  follow  the  ancient  botmdarics  of  the  country 
of  Sancbruck,  leaving  Sane  Louis  and  the  course  of 
tlie  Sana,  with  the  places  situated  to   the  right  of 
the  line  above  designed,  and  tlieir  liberties  v.ithotit 
tlie    limits   of   Fr.ance.       From   tlie   boundaries   of 
Sancbruck  tlie  line  of  demarcation   shall  be  the 
same  which  now    separates  from  Germany  the  de- 
partments of  the  Moselle  .ind  the  Lower  I'lliine,  as 
far  as  l^auta,  wliich  shall  hereafter  be  the  f>ontiers 
until  where  it  empties  into  the  Bhine.      The  whole 
of  the   territory  on   the  l?fi  bunk  of  the  Latita,  in- 
cluding Landau,  shall  compose  part  of  Gtrmanj- — 
nevertheless,  tlie  town   of  AVeissembourg,  through 
which  that  river  flows,  shall  remain  entire  to  France 
with  a  small  portioa  of  territory  on  the  left  bank, 
not  to  exceed  or.e  thousand  toi.<:es,  and  which  will  he 
more  particularly  determhied  by  the   commission^ 
ers  who  are  to  run  the  boundary  line. 

2.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Lauta,  along  .tiwjjje- 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


pai-tments  of  the  Lower  and  Upper  Rhine,  Doubs 
M«d  Jura  as  far  as  the  Canton  dii  Vaud,  tlie  fron- 
tiers shall  remain  as  they  were  fixed  by  the  U-eaty 
of  Paris.  The  bed  or  course  of  the  Rhine  shall 
form  the  demarcation  between  France  and  the 
states  of  Germany;  but  the  right  to  the  islands 
therein,  such  as  the  same  shall  hereafter  be  decid- 
ed upon,  on  a  new  survey  of  the  course  of  tlie  said 
river,  sliall  remain  immutable,  whatever  chan^'es 
the  coui-se  of  said  rivers  may  imdergo  in  the  lapse 
of  time.  Commiseioners  shall  be  appointed  on  both 
sides  by  the  liig-h  contracting  parties  within  the 
term  of  three  months,  for  the  purpose  of  proceed- 
ing to  the  said  survey.  The  one  half  of  the  bridge 
bctsveen  SUatsboiu-g  and  Kehl  shall  belong  to 
France,  and  the  other  half  to  the  grand  duchy  of 
JBaden. 

3.  To  establish  a  direct  communication  between 
the  canton  of  Geneva  and  Switzerland,  the  part  of 
the  country  of  Gex,  bounded  to  the  east  by  the  lake 
Leman,  to  the  soutli  by  the  territory  of  ilie  canton 
of  Geneva,  to  tlie  north  by  the  canton  of  Vaux,  and 
%o  the  west  by  the  course  of  the  Vcrsoix,  and  by  a 
line  which  includes  the  districts  of  CoUex-Bozzay, 
and  Meyrin;  leaving  the  district  of  Ferney  t© 
France,  shall  be  ceded  to  the  Helvetic  confederacy, 
in  order  to  be  re-united  to  tlie  canton  of  Genevu. 
The  line  of  French  custom-houses  shall  be  pieced 
to  the  west  of  Jura,  so  as  to  exclude  the  whole 
country  of  Gex  without  the  line. 

4.  From  the  fi-ontiers  of  the  canton  of  Geneva  as 
far  as  the  Mediten-anean,  the  line  of  denmrcaiion 
shall  be  tiiat  which  in  1790  separated  France  from 
Savoy  and  the  county  of  Nice.  The  relations 
whicJi  the  treaty  of  Paris  of  1814  had  established 
between  France  and  the  principality  of  Munuco 
shall  cease  forever;  and  the  same  relations  sliali 
continue  between  that  principality  and  his  majesty 
the  king  of  Sardinia. 

5.  All  the  territories  and  districts  included  wi\.!i- 
in  the  limits  of  the  French  territory,   such  as  the; 
have  been  determined  by  the  presei\t  article,  shall 
remain  united  to  France. 

6  The  higli  contracting-  parties,  within  tlirec 
months  after  the  signing  of  the  present  ti-eaty,  shall 
appoint  commissioners  for  the  purpose  of  regulat- 
ing whatever  may  have  relation  to  the  boundaries 
of  counties  on  either  side;  and  on  the  compleiion  of 
tlieir  labors,  maps  siiall  be  druwn,  and  boundarv 
marks  placed,  to  shev.-  the  respective  limits. 

Art.  II.  The  places  and  districts  which,  accord"- 
ing  to  the  preceding  articles  shall  no  long-er  com- 
pose a  pait  of  the  Frencli  territory,  sliall  remain 
at  the  disposition  of  the  allied  powers,  in  the  terms 
fi.xed  by  tlie  9th  article  of  tlie  military  con\ention 
annexed  to  tlie  present  ti-eaty;  and  his  majesty  tlie 
king  of  France,  for  himself,  his  heirs  ancl  succes 
«or«,  perpetually  renounces  the  rights  of  sovereign- 
ty and  property  wliich  he  hatli  liirherto  exercised 
over  the  aforesaid  places  and  districts. 

AiiT.  ill.  The  furlilication  of  lliuiinguen  having 
been  constantly  an  object  »f  uneasiness  lo  the  town 
of  Btisie,  tiie  high  contracting  parii-s,  in  order  to 
give  to  the  Helvetic  confederation  a  new  proof  of 
their  good  will  and  solicitude,  have  agreed  betwee: 
each  other  to  demolisli  the  fortiticatjons  of  Huiiin- 
guen;  and  the  French  government,  from  tiie  s.nnv 
motives,  stipulates,  that  they  shall  never  be  rebuii., 
and  not  replaced  by  otiier  fortifications  at  a  dis- 
tance less  than  three  lcague«j  fioiTi  the  town  of 
Biisle.  The  neutrality  of  Switzerland  s!:all  be  ex- 
tended to  the  territory  which  is  to  the  north  of  » 
line  to  be  drawn  from  Ugine,  inciuding  that  cl- 
■'}J>  V>  the  south  of  the  lake  of  Anncey,  by  Favorge, 


as  fur  as  Locheraine,  and  from  thence  to  the  lake 
of  Brouget  and  the  Rhone,  in  the  same  manner 
that  it  was  extended  to  tiu-  ])rovinccs  of  Chabhus 
and  Faucigny,  by  the  'J2d  article  of  the  final  act  of 
the  congress  of  Vienna. 

AiiT.  IV  .The  pecimitu-y  indemnity  to  be  furnished 
by  Fi-ance  to  the  allied  powers  is  fi.xcd  at  the  sum 
of  seven  hundred  millions  of  francs.  The  modf, 
terms,  and  guarantee  of  the  payment  of  said  s-nn 
shall  be  regulated  by  a  particular  convention,  which 
shall  have  the  same  force  and  validity  as  if  it  were 
formally  inserted  in  the  present  treaty. 

AnT.  V.  The  state  of  disquiet  and'  fermentation 
to  which  France,  after  so  m.iny  violent  sliocks,  and 
more  especially  since  the  last  catastrojyhe,  notwitii- 
standing  the  p\ternal  intentions  of  tlie  king-,  and  the 
advantages  assured  by  tlie  constitutional  charter  to 
idl  classes  of  her  .subjects,  must  necessarily  be  sub- 
jected,  reqturing  for  the  seetuity  of  the  nei.;-!ibor. 
Ing  states,  measures  of  pi-ecaution  and  tcmporarv 
guar.intees,  tiie  occupation,  for  a  certain  time,  of 
the  military  positions  along  the  frontiers  of  France, 
by  a  coriis  of  the  allied  troops,  has  been  judged  in- 
dispensable; imder  the  express  reservation  that 
such  occupancy  shall  in  no  wise  tend  to  prejudice 
the  sovereignty  of  his  most  Christian  majesty,  nor 
tlic  state  of  possession,  sucii  as  it  is  recognized  and 
connrmed  by  the  present  treaty.  The  number  of 
those  troops  shall  not  exceed  ioO,000  men  Tlie 
commander  in  chief  of  this  army  to  be  apjjuinted  bv 
the  allied  powers.  The  corps  of  the  army  shall  oc- 
cupy the  places  ofConde,  A'alencicMnes,  lioucliain, 
Cambra,  I.e  Quesnoy,  Mauhenge,  L:indrecr,  Avro- 
nes,  Rocroy,  Givet  and  C!*arlcn-.ont,  Mezicres,  Se- 
dan, -Montmedi,  Thionville,  Lougwy,  P.ifche  and 
the  tete  lilt  point  of  i'ovtlMma,  Fiance  having  to  fur- 
nish subsistence  for  the  army  destined  ta  this  ser- 
vice, every  thing  tliat  has  relation  thereto  will  he 
regiilated  by  a  particular  convention.  Tliis  con- 
vention, which  shall  be  of  the  same  force  and  vali- 
dity as  if  it  were  verbally  inserted  in  the  present 
treaty,  will,  in  like  manner,  regulate  tlie  yclations 
oftlic  army  of  occupation  v.ith  Hie  civil  and  militarv 
authorities  of  the  co'intry.  The  nm.rivuim  of  the 
duration  of  such  military  occup:mcy,  is  lixcdat  fi\e 
years.  It  may  terminate  before  tiiai.  (nue,  if  at  the 
expiration  of  tliree  years,  tlie  allied  sovereigps,  in 
concert  with  his  majesty  the  king- of  France,  afier 
iiaving  mutually  examined  tiie  situation,  the  reci- 
procal interests  and  the  jjrogress  v/liich  tlie  re-esta- 
blishment of  civil  order  shall  Jiave  made  in  France, 
shall  unite  in  acknowledging  that  the  motives  which 
led  them  to  the  adoption  of  these  measures  have 
ceased  to  exist.  Rut  wliatevcr  may  be  tlie  result 
of  tiieir  deliberations  all  the  jjl.ices  and  positions  oc- 
cu])ied  by  the  allied  troop.-;,  shall,  at  the  expiration 
of  tiie  term  of  fi\e  jears,  be  eva<uted  without  any 
further  delay,  and  rc.jtorcd  to  his  )iio-jt  Chrisii.m  ma- 
jesty, his  iieirs  and  successors. 

AiiT.  VI.  The  forei:fn  troops,  exclusive  ortho.'.^ 
w'bicli  shall  compose  a  part  of  llie  army  of  oceupar 
lion,  sliall  evacuate  t!ie  French  teiTitory  w  ithia  the 
pcriotl  fixed  by  the  9(h  articie  of  the  iiiuilary  con- 
vention annexed  to  the  present  treaty. 

Aitr.  Vll.  In  all  coi';itries  wlieie  the  sovereignty 
IS  transferred,  either  by  virt'.ie  of  tiie  ])reseut  treaty, 
or  of  .arrangements  that  are  to  be  made  in  conse- 
Tuence  thereof,  the  inliabiia'.us,  nati\ vs  as  well  as 
itrangers,  ofu-liat  c/nidiiion  and  nation  soever  they 
may  be,  shall  be  aihv.ved  the  sp.icc  of  six  years,  tw 
;>c  computed  from  the  e.\clia'.-.^e  of  liie  ratilicatiotis 
hereof,  to  dispose  of  tiieir  property,  if  they  see  fit, 
and  remove  to  such  country  as  liiey  may  choose^ 

Art.  Vlll.  .\H  the  dispq-ji' ions  Qf  tlie   treaty  of 


^74        NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  2f,  18l^, 


Talis,  of  the  30th  of  May,  1814,  relative  to  coun- 
tries ceded  by  this  treaty;  shall  equally  apply  to  the 
oifferent  territories    and  districts   ceded    by    this 

treaty. 

AuT.  IX.  The  high  contractiiVJrpavticshavinf^ta- 
kcn  into  consideration  the  diiTcrent  claims  arising 
'from  the  non-execution  of  the  19th  article  of  the 
Treaty  of  May  30, 1314,  as  well  as  the  additional  ar- 
ticles to  said  treaty,  signed  between  Great  Britain 
and  France;  dcsirjiig-lorender  more  efficacious  the 
dispositions  contained  in  the  said  articles,  and  hav- 
ing' for  that  purpose  determined  by  two  separate 
conventions  the  measures  to  be  executed  by  boili 
powers  for  the  complete  execution  of  the  aforemen- 
tioned articles,  the  two  conventions  such  as  annex- 
ed to  the  jiresent  treaty  shall  have  the  same  force 
find  validity  as  if  the  same  were  Iierein  inserted  ver- 
batim. . 

Aht.  X.  All  prisoners  made  during  hostilities,  as 
ivell  as  all  liostages  that  have  been  given  or  detained, 
shall  be  restored  with  the  shortest  possible  delay, 
together  with  all  ]3rison«rs  made  anterior  to  the 
treaty  of  tlie  30th  of  May,  1814,  and  wliich  have  not 
Vet  been  restored. 

AuT.  XI.  The  treaty  of  Paris  of  the  SOthof  Mnj,, 
1814,  and  the  last  act  of  the  congress  of  Vienna  of 
the  9th  of  June,  1815,  are  confirmed  ;tnd  shall  be 
inaint.oined  in  all  their  parts,  which  have  not  been 
moditicd  bv  the  present  u-eaty. 

AttT.  Xli.  The  recent  treaty,  with  the  cofiven- 
tions  hercimto  annexed,  shall  be  ratified  in  a  single 
act,  and  the  ratifications  lliereof  exchanged  within 
two  months,  or  sooner  if  possible. 

In  faith  whereof,  tlie  respective  plenipotentiaries 
have  signed  the  same,  and  hercunio  aflixed  the  seal 
9f  their  arms. 

Done  at  Paris  the  20th  of  November,  in  the  year 
of  grace,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fit- 
teen. 

(Signed)  RICHELIEU, 

METTRRNICH, 
WESSENBEUG. 

ArnlTTOXAL    AUTlCLE. 

The  high  contracving  powers,  sincerely  desirous 
iftf  carrying  into  efiect  tha  measures  wliich  were  the 
subject  of  tlicir  deliberations  in  the  congress  of  Vi- 
enna, relative  to  the  complete  and  universal  aboli- 
tion in  the  traffic  ofthe  negroes  of  Africa;  and  hav- 
ing .-xlready  in  their  several  states  interdicicd  their 
colonies  and  subjects  from  any  part  wiiatever  there- 
in, engnge  anew  to  imite  their  efforts  in  order  to 
ensure" fue  i'm:'^\  success  of  the  principles  which  they 
have  proclaimed  in  the  declaration  of  tlie  4th  Pe- 
hruarv,  lal5,  and  to  concert  without  loss  of  time, 
liy  tlieir  ministers  at  Lon  )on  and  Paris,  on  the  most 
eJiicacious  measures  to  procure  the  complete  and 
deiinitive  aLolilion  of  a  commerce  as  odious  as  it  is 
liiglily  rcproi.'ated  by  the  lav^s  of  religion  and  of  na- 
ture. The  present  additional  article  shall  have  tlie 
same  force  and  validity  as  if  it  were  inserted  ver- 
batim in  the  treaty  of  this  day. 

In  fallh  whereof,  the  rcs])ective  plenipotentiaries 
]iavc  si"-ncd  tliese  prestnts,  and  have  hereunto  af- 
fixed the  seals  of  their  arms. 

Done  at  Paris,  the  20th  November,  year  of  grace, 
1815. 

On  the  same  day,  in  the  same  place,  and  at  the 
same  moment,  tlie"  same  treaty,  together  witli  the 
conventions  and  articles  thereur.io  annexed,  was 
:>igncd  bctv.-ccn  France  and  Greut  liniain,  France 
and  Prussia,  France  and  Russia. 

The  ^itkc  cf  Iii?li',Trcu,  president  of  t£e  councV:, 


on  submitting  the  treaty  between  Fi'ance  an^  the 
allies  to  the  tvv^o  houses,  made  a  long  and  doleful 
speech  to  reconcile  the  people  to  tlie  necessities 
that  imposed  it  upon  the  king's  ministers — stating, 
also,  that  higher  demands  had  been  made  on  the 
part  of  the  allies  and  withdrawal. 

The  dake  of  Hichclieu  has  declared  to  the  two 
houses  that  tlie  treaty  between  France  and  the  al- 
lied powers  did  not  contain  any  secret  article. 

The  Jesidts. — The  emperor  of  Austria,  as  f^incc 
of  Venice,  lias  forbidden  the  re-establisiiment  ofthe 
Jesuits  in  his  dominions. 

Venetian  navy. —  The  emperor  of  Austria,  as  prince 
of  Venice,  having  espmised  the  sea,  after  the  maimer 
of  tlie  ancient  doges,  it  is  stated  will  give  immediate 
orders  for  the  restoration  ofthe  Venetian  naTy,  on 
an  enlarged  scale. 

The  French  chamber  of  deputies,  elected,  if  tlie 
word  may  be  used,  a  little  after  the  manner  of  the 
rotten  boroughs  in  England,  appears  entirely  de- 
voted to  the  king:  of  the  peers'  devotion  there  i» 
no  danger — nor  of  the  priests.  France  i;?  v.neasy  and 
very  unsettled,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  few  fhcts 
that  reaches  us,  such  as  the  appointment  of  special 
commissai'ics  and  the  like — but  the  slaveiy  of  the 
press  is  such  that  we  know  little  else  than  what  tlie 
king's  ministers  will  that  the  people  should  kiio  w 

CHAMBER  OF  J1EPUTIES. 

Session  of  the  27th  J\'ov. — secret  sessioJi  until  noon. 
'J'he  president,  cliarged  with  addressing  to  his 
majesty  in  the  name  of  tlie  chamber,  tlieir  tlianks 
for  the  communication  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  com- 
municated the  speech  which  he  had  made  to  the 
king  and  the  answer  of  lus  majesty.  The  following  i 
are  tlie  two  documents  : 

"Sire,  your  faithful  subjects  of  the  house  of  de- 
puties, thank  you  for  not  havuig  despaired  of  the 
safety  of  the  state.  Tliey  feel  that  your  magnani- 
mous virtues  have  spared  our  counti'y  from  the 
greatest  evils.  'I'he  house,  sire,  partiikes  of  your 
profound  grief;  hut  encouragetl  by  your  royal  rc- 
sig-nation,  it  resumes  strength  for  so  many  trials. 
Its  unalterable  confidence  in  your  majesty;  its  love 
for  }-our  sacred  person,  and  the  union  of  Frenchmen, 
to  wliom  it  will  furnisii  an  example,  will  alleviate 
the  weiglit  of  tlie  sacrifices  which  are  imposed  upon 
us.  Faitliful  to  the  word  ofthe  king,  France,  with 
the  Divine  aid,  will  show  to  the  world  at  what  price 
she  knows  how  to  guard  the  fiutli  of  treaties." 
Jlis  majesty  replied — 
"King  of  any  other  countiy,  I  should  have  lost  all 
hope;  but  the  king  of  France  can  never  despair  of 
Frenciimen.  Let  tliem  but  be  united,  and  our  mis- 
fortunes will  be  repiiired." 

After  hearing  this  reply,  the  house  rose  sponta- 
neously, and  made  the  house  resound  with  the  crie.5 
of  Fire  le  Jioi .'    Vive  le  lioi  ! 

The  following,  were  the  prices  of  English  and 

American  stocks  in  London,  on  the  22d  November: 

Englisli  Stocks. — Bank  stock  240  1-2;  3  per  cent. 

reduced  60  7-8,  3-4  7-8;  3  per  cent,  consols  62  1-* 

1-4,  2  1-8;  4  per  c^nt.  consols  75  1-4,  1-2  3-8.    Oni- 

inium,   16  1-2. 

j  ^'Inicriran  Slocks. — Tlu'ce  per  cents  54,  55 — old  6 
jper  cents  85 — new  6  per  cents  85 — nominal. — Tlie 
i  above  with  div.  from  1st  Oct.  1815.  Ijouisiana  6 
I  per  cents.  92,  93,  no-.n.  with  div.  from  1st  July,  1815. 
.Six  per  cents  of  1813,  83  1-2,  84,  widi  div.  from  1st 
I  Oct.  1815. 

The  Jews  of  Germany  liave   appointed  deputies, 
charged  with  claimiiigon  their  behalf,  from  the  Ui' 
et,  wliich  is  about  opening  at  Franckfort,  an  equali- 
ty of  rights  with  tlie  otiier  citizens. 
i  "  fiiirty  thousand  persons  arc  s'ajd  tp  be  ctnrflned 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS. 


S73 


Kx  the  Frenc'ii  prisons,  "being-  suspected  of  bein-  Tlic  copper  coin  originalh^wei>,^ied  eleven  penny— 


suspicioiis  !"  Wellington  is  the  high  constable.  M;v 
ny  accounts  Iciid  us  to  expect  a  new  explosion. — 
Could  Bonaparte  land  ag-ain  in  FiMuce,  even  alone, 
there  would  be  a  sm:a'trace  belv.een  Louis  and  his 
keeper,  witli  all  his  army  of"  "Waterloo  men,"  to 
get  out  of  the  country  France  seems  ripeniiig  for 
a  re-action,  to  expel  the.  foreisrners  who  lord  it  over 
the  king-dom.  The  allies  app'ear  aware  of  this,  but 
cannot  always  guard  sgainst  it.  What  happened  at 
Madrid  sonie  vears  ago,  may  be  re-transacted  at  Pa- 
ris. If  Wellington's  army  be  killed  off,  will  the 
English  call  it  a  "gloriiBUs  revolution,"  as  tLey  did 
tiie  massacre  of  tlie  French  at  iSIadrid? 

A  letter  from  Bordeaux  states  that  every  letter 
is  examined  by  the  agents  of  the  government  at  the 
post-oftice.  It  esihnates  that  Friuice  will  be  "deli- 
vered" of  p.'-opertv  and  effects  of  all  kinds  to  the 
▼alue  of  84^0,000,000— a  "legitimate"  sum  !  And 
says — 

"The  rova!  catholics  and  the  protestants  of  the 
South,  particularly  about  Nismes,  arc  at  open  war. 
Tiie  former  have'  driven  the  latter  out  of  their 
church  at  Xiames,  butciiering  anumberof  them  and 
assassinating  the  general  Legarde,  who  was  a  wor- 
thy man  and  a  f^ithfid  friend  to  the  true  interests 
of  his  country.  We  .\mericans  feel  ourselves  very 
uncomfortable,  deiested  by  the  rovitlists  throughout 
France,  but  particularly  hi  this  truly  English  city. 

A  London  paper  of  tJie  25tli  of  November,  after 
speaking  of  mai-shal  Ney's  trial,  says,  "of  the  other 
reputed  conspirators,  it  is  said  that  Foitche  iuad 
lioult  will  be  bi-ouglii  to  trial." 

Lanjuinais,  it  is  said,  means  to  absent  himself 
diu'ing  the  trial  of  Ney. 

Lviidoti,  j\'ov.  25.  There  has  been,  we  under- 
stand, a  vast  influx  of  suspicious  foreigners,  ujid 
some  dungerous  characters,  from  the  continent, 
tv'ituin  the  last  few  days;  but  we  have  the  satisfac- 
tion to  assure  tlie  public,  that  the  utmost  vigihuice 
to  discover  and  remove  tliem,  prevails  at  tlie  home 
.department.  Sun. 

Ti'.e  Frencli  general  Clausel  is  at  New-York. 

By  our  latest  advices  from  France,  marshal  JN'Vi/ 
was  under  trial  before  the  house  of  peers.  ALany 
■witnesses  had  been  e\amined.  Opinion  as  to  his 
acquittal  or  condemnation  is  various. 


CONGllESS. 

nOU.SE  OF  REPKESENTATIYES. 

Friddu,  Januarii  19. — Aftsr  the  presentation  of 
several  peauons — 

AL".  Root,  in  offering  a  motion  on  this  subject,  said, 
iliat  the  want  of  a  national  circulating  medium  !iad 


weights;  by  a  subsequent  act  of  congress  in  1792, 
it  was  ordered  that  the  cent  should  wcigh208  grains, 
or  8  dwt.  16  gr.     By  a  subsequent  act  the  president 
w-is  authorized   to  reduce  the  weight  of  the  cent, 
by  proclamation,  wltenever  he  should  tliink  lit,  two 
pennyweights.  Such  a  proclam:ition  never  Jiad  been 
issued,  Air.  R.  believed,  and  the  weight  of  the  cent 
•  here fore  remained  8  dwt.    16  g-rs.     A  pound  avoir- 
dupois, therefore,  contained  thirty-three  cents  and 
six  and  a  half  mills;  whilst   capper  had  frequently- 
been  much   higher,  and  during  the  wai*  double  as 
much  per  pound — the  price,  however,  being  now 
reduced,  was  probably  about  par  with  cents.     Ow- 
img  to  the  h.igh  price  of  copper,  the  coinage  of  ccpir 
per  coin  at  the  Mint  had  ceased  for  some  time.    It 
now  appeared  from  the  report  of  the  director  of  the 
Mint,  that  tiie  Mint  was  about  to  re-commence  the 
coinage  of  copper,  of  wliich  it  was  estimated    they 
coidd  turn  out  about  fifty  tons   in  the  course   of  a 
vejir.     These  coins,  Mr.  R.  said,  v.-ould,  according 
to  ia'A',  be  distributed  among  the  respective  states, 
according  to  their  population;  they  would   be  dis 
tributcd  in  quantities,  in  c.^sks,  and  there  retained 
fjr  sale  as  an  article  of  merchandize,  imtil  the  ]3ricc 
of  copper  should  be  so  much  liigher  than  the  valuu 
of  tlie  cents,  as  sliall  afford  a  sufficient  profit  oil 
the  sale  of  them,  for  the  purpose  of  being  melted 
up  for  sheets,  bolts,  or  stills,  &c.     Mr.  U.  said  he 
presumed  the  director  of  the  Mint  was  mistaken  in 
supposing  the   cents  already  coined  remained  in  the 
United  States,  unless  in  the  form  of  bolts,  &c.    The 
copper  coin  of  the    United  States  had  never  been 
made  a  legal  tender,    because,  being  worth    mora 
generally  than  the  nominal  value,  people  were  glatt 
enough  to  take  them.     Tlicre  never  had   been  imv 
punishment  enacted  for  counterfeiting  it,    because^ 
for  tlie  same  reason,  there  was  no  moiive  for  tlie 
offence.     If  the  weight  should  be  diminished,  how*,; 
ever,  botli  these  measures  might  become  necessa- 
ry.     He  therefore  moved — 

"That  the  weiglit  of  the  copper  coin  ought  to  be 
reduce<l  to  four  pennyweights  the  cent. 

"That  the  copper  coin  of  the  United  States  ouglit 
io  he  made  a  legal  tender  to  the  amount  of  one 

dollar. 

"That  provision  oug'it  to  be  made  by  lav.-  for  th© 

punishment  of  counterfeithig  the  copper  coin  of  the 

United  States." 

On  motion   of  Mr.     Calhoun,   tliese   propositions 

were  referred  to  a  select  committee. 
The  house  resolved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the 

whole,  on  the  report  of  the  conunittee  oil  the  rules- 

aiid  orders  of  the  house. 

.4s  usual,  this   report,  in  its  various  det:uls,  gave 


been  a  topic  of  much  complaint.    This  subject  hllc^)rIsc  to  much  debate,  and  especiaiiy  on  the  subjcc'; 
been  referred  lo  a  comwiittee,  and  that  c.omml'aee| or"  the  rule  far  the  jjkeviov.s  (iur.s/iox,  which  wr.4. 


had  reported  a  bill  for  establishing  a  national  bank 
as  ihe  means  of  producing  the  desired  imiformity 
ii  tlie  national  currency,  as  regarded  tlie  circula- 
tion and  cxcliange  between  different  sections  of  the 
ynion.  But  the  evil  of  the  al)scnce  of  :imaii  ciiange; 
JNIr.  li.  said,  was  as  generally  felt  by  ail  classes  of 
the  comniuuity,  as  the  difficulty  of  remittance  of 
la-rge  sums.  For  a  premium  you  can  any  where  get 
from  a  broker  such  large  money  as  will  circulate; 
but  not  so  with  the  small  change  that  is  in  circala- 
tion,  Wiiicli,  s'lcii  as  it  is,  will  scarcely  pass  a  scone's 
tlu-ow  fi oiii  the  place  wiiere  one  receives  it,  and  Avil! 
Scarcely  be  accepted  by  the  servants  at  the  taverns. 
How  was  this  evil  to  be  remedied?  By  the  act  es- 
tablishing the  Mint,  congri^ss  had  enacted,  t'.iat  die 
Popper  coin  should  be  of  a  weiglit  below  Vvliat  was 
^thex^al  viilue  of  thQ  me^;;^!  jx^  boU.s  hrj-s^  ca*  sheets. 


Oiought  before  the  .house  by  amotion  of  Mr.   -iizw. 
ford  r(;  strike  it  out,  or  so  to  vary  ic  as  to  depriv* 
it  wiioHy  of  its  present  character. 

Tills  motion  Mi\  ■^Jtnrf^rd  supp.irtcd  by  a  num- 
ber of  remarks,  luidui'uU  expression  of  his  aversion 
to  the  rule,  tie  wa.s  followed  by  Mr.  Jlc.ndulph  st 
some  length,  on  tlie  s.^me  side  of  the  qucslion.— 
To  bolli  these  gentlemen  Mi-.  Chiy  (tiic  speaker) 
replied  in  favor  of  the  rule,  as  to  the  rigiit  and  t:i- 
pedier.cy  of  it.  Mr.  Guslon  followed  in  a  speech 
of  great  iengtii  ag.-.inst  the  rule. 

On  tills  subject  there  was  as  miicii  eloqt'.eiice  di.-;-, 
played  as  any  question  call.-;  forth,  though  the  suh- 
jjct  is  in  a  great  degree  tcclmical,  and  so  i\d'  not  ir,- 
terestlng  to  the  people  gencr.aly.  in  debating-  i'^, 
iio'.vever,  it  is  placed  by  ui-)-.c  oj)po-.eil  to  it  on  the 
fpotin^of  au  ac.tijM  c-^-rtaiiLaicnt  of  thcii-  reprcsc-r.- 


376      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  IsfQ. 


tative  privilege,  and  therefore  a  violation  of  tlicir 
rights.  To  which  it«  friends  reply,  that  the  right 
to  pass  the  rule  is  unquestioned,  and  that  its  expe- 
diency and  even  necessity  to  the  operations  of  the 
house,  are  alike  demonstrable  by  argument,  and 
proven  by  the  ])ractice  under  our  government. 

Tlie  committee  rose  without  coming  to  any  de- 
cision on  the  question. 

SAXrUDAV,   J  AT.    20-. 

The  house,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Lo-wnJcs,  again  re- 
;golved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the  whole,  on  the 
remainder  of  the  report  of  the  committee  of  wivys 
and  means,  embi-acing  sundry  propositions  in  re- 
spect to  the  revenue,  Mr.  Nelson,  of  A  a.  presiding 
over  the  sitting. 

The  resolve  first  in  order,  having  been  read  in 
the  following  words: 

Itesjlved,  Tliat  it  is  expedient  so  to  amend  the 
act  entitled  "an  act  to  provide  additional  revenues 
fu-  defraying  the  expences  of  government,  and 
maintaining  the  public  credit,  by  laying  a  direct 
tax  upon  tiie  United  States,  and  to  provide  fui-  as- 
sessing and  caUectiiig  the  same,"  pa.ssed  on  the 
9i\\  January,  1815,  as  to  reduce  t'iie  direct  tax  to  be 
levied  for  the  year  1815,  and  succeeding  years,  to 
lliree  millions;  and  also,  so  to  amend  the  act  enti- 
tled "i\x\  act  to  provide  additional  revenues  fv)r  de- 
fra\ing  tlie  experices  of  government  and  m:uiilain- 
jng  the  public  credit,  by  laying  a  direct  tax  upon 
the  district  of  Columbia,"  passed  on  the  27ih  of 
I'cbru.irv,  1815,  as  to  reduce  the  direct  lax  to  be 
levied  therein,  annualh',  to  9999  20-lUO. 

JVIr.  X.oi;';i(/('.v  mad/',  a  speech,  as  long  as  his  deli- 
,cate  health  would  allow,  in  defence  of  the  general 
])rliiciples  of  his   re]jort,    and  in    reply   to   certain 
retiections  cast  upon  it  a  few  days  ago  by  r»Ir.  Kan 
dolph. 

]Mr.  liandolph   rejoined  in  a  speech  of  about  ludf 
an  hour's   length,  principally  in  detence  of  himself 
in    regard   to  certain    inferences   drawn  bj'  Mr.  !>, 
in  regard  to  Mr.  R's  opinion  on  linaneial  questions. 

These  speeches  Vvcre  both  too  long  fjor  present 
publication,  and  on  too  important  a  subject  to  jus- 
tify abbreviation. 

The  question  being  about  to  be  put  on  the  hrst 
resolution — 

Mr.  CVrtJ/ said  heapprored  of  the  general  system 
contained  in  this  report,  and  with  some  modihca- 
tions,  should  give  it  h.is  sujjport;  but,  lie  thought 
^t  was  susceptible  of  amendment.  He  thought  the 
amount  of  the  land  tax  too  high  for  the  ordinary 
.season  of  peace.  Jl  was  not  necessary  to  go  into 
an  enquiry  as  this  moment,  whether  the  huid  does 
not  eventually  pay  all  vaxcs,  in  whatever  shape  levi- 
jed  or  collected;  but  he  laid  down  the  general  p  in- 
ciple,  that,  in  time  of  peace,  wc  should  look  to  fo- 
reign iiTiportations  as  the  cliief  source  of  revenue, 
and  in  war,  when  they  are  cut  ofr',  that  it  Was  time 
enough  to  draw  deej^ly  on  our  internal  resources. 
Mr.  C.  said,  bethought  we  ought  to  reduce  the  land 
t.ix  still  lower  than  propose;!,  and  also  some  other 
of  the  taxes  which  appeared  most  burthensome  in 
their  nature;  retaii\ing  er.ough  to  keep  the  system 
of  internal  taxation  so  organized,  as  that  an  addi- 
tion to  the  existing  taxes  only  would  be  necessary 
to  produce  immediately  such  an  accession  of  reve- 
jjue  as  should  make  it  adequate  to  the  necessilies 
of  the  country.  Mr.  Cs  plan  was,  to  make  up  for 
his  i)ronosed  decrease  of  tlie  direct  tax,  by  an  in- 
erer-.se  of  tiie  duties  on  imports.  He  wished  to  re- 
duce the  direct  l:ix  to  two  millions,  or  to  a  million 
and  a  half;  and  when  that  proposition  was  decided 
nn,  he  was  desirous  of  proposing  another,  tluit  the 
l^O.'ihould  be  iurdttcd  t'o  one  year,  so  as  to  make  it 


a  tax  from  year  to  year,  instead  of  a  tax  without  li,. 
mitation. 

IVIr.  //arf/»!  desired  to  strike  out  the  whole  amount 
proposed,  so  as  to  leave  the  sum  blank;  which  blank 
lie  sliouldb*  opposed  to  filling  at  all.  He  was  op- 
posed to  any  direct  tax  for  the  purpose  of  expenr- 
sive  military  and  naval  establishments;  and  said  lie 
should  offer,  some  day  next  week,  if  no  other  mem- 
ber  would,  a  motion  that  the  army  establishment  be 
reduced. 

Mr.  CVo^  so  varied  his  motion,  to  accommodate 
ids  colleague,  as  to  move  to  strike  out  the  sum  eii' 
tirely,  and  leave  in  the  resolution  a  blank,  to  he 
filled  as  the  houae  shoidd  think  proper. 

Mr.  Jiaiidolph  was  op])03ed  to  the  motion  to  re- 
duce  the  direct  tax.  Although  opposed  to  any  part 
of  the  system,  he  ]jreferred  the  direct  tax  to  the 
excise,  because,  every  man  then  knew  and  felt  what 
lie  had  to  pay  He  was  in  favor  of  making  the  di- 
rect tax  an  annual  bill,  as  proposed  by  the  speaker, 
but  expressed  his  surprise  at  the  speaker's  opinion 
that  in  peace  we  shotdd  rely  on  the  imposts  for  re- 
venue, and  in  war  an  internal  taxation,  &c. 

Mr.  Desha  spoke  in  favor  of  a  repeal  of  the  di- 
rect tax,  and  in  support  of  it,  urged  some  arguments 
not  disthiGtly  heard  by  the  reporter. 

Mr.  Cliii/  made  a  few  remarks  in  reply  to  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph and  Mr.  llai-din,  and  went  on  to  remark — it 
had  been  said,  that  this  was  a  time  of  profound 
peace.  It  was  true,  we  were  happily  at  peace  witli 
all  the  world;  but  who  knew  how  long  it  would  be 
our  good  fortune  to  remain  so.''  What  was  the  pre- 
sent stale  of  our  relations  to  old  Spain?  Who  could 
now  say  with  certainty,  how  far  it  might  be  proper 
to  aid  the  people  of  SoutJi  America  'u\  regard  to 
the  establisiiment  of  their  indcpendencej'  He  did 
not  know  how  other  people  thought  on  these  sub- 
jects, but  they  made  a  serious  impression  on  his 
mind.  We  have  recently  heard,  said  he,  and  I  be- 
lieve the  information  came  from  the  minister  him- 
self, that  a  demand  has  been  made  by  tlie  minister 
of  the  Spanish  government  for  the  surrender  of  a 
part  of  the  soil  of  the  country;  he  meant  that  part 
of  the  country  formerly  known  by  the  name  of 
West  P'lorida,  which  lies  west  of  tlie  Perdido,  and 
pirt  of  which  is  now  incorporated  in  the  state  of 
Louisiana.  jMr.  C.  said  he  would  not  speak,  in  the 
terms  in  wluch  he  might  be  authorized  to  speak, 
of  the  impudence  of  such  a  demand;  but  he  consi- 
dered it  indicative  of  the  general  disposition  of  the 
government  which  that  minister  represented.  Be- 
sides, he  asked,  was  the  state  of  Europe  settled? 
Every  one  had  lieard  of  the  proceedings  of  the  con- 
gress of  European  potentates  at  "N'ienna;  we  have 
heard,  too,  that  their  ideas  of  legitimate  govern- 
ment were  carried  to  an  extent  destructive  of  evC' 
ry  princi;)le  of  liberty;  we  have  seen  these  doctrines 
applied  to  create  and  overthrow  dynasties,  at  wiU. 
1)0  we  know,  said  he,  whether  we  shall  escape 
tlieir  influence.''  Do  we  not  know,  though  no  sucU 
intention  may  exist  at  present,  we  shall,  by  adopt-' 
lag  tiiat  policy  whicii  recommends  a  reduction  of 
the  army  and  navy,  invite  their  attention  to  our 
weakness?  Mr.  C.  said  he  Vvas  fur  preserving  tlie 
system,  of  internal  revenue,  on  a  reduced  scale. — 
lie  wanted  to  see  Europe  settled;  to  see  the  rela- 
tions between  this  country  and  Spain  placed  on  a' 
footing  wliich  would  insure  tranquility  on  our  bor- 
ders. '  Until  he  saw  these  things,  he  was  not  for 
exli.msting  the  purse  of  the  cotmtry  of  the  funds 
necessary  to  enable  it  to  vindicate  its  rights  at  home 
— or,  if  necessarj',  to  aid  in  tlie  cause  of  liberty  in 
South  America. 

Mr.  .^PJs'ce  siaid  he  wtis  in  faror  of  l^^vin^  th> 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— C0NGR15SS. 


S77 


? 


^Silution  blank  as  to  the  amount  of  direct  tax.  He 
perfectly  concurred  with  his  colleagu«,  (Mr.  Mar- 
din)  that  unless  a  disposition  should  be  manifested 
ui  congress,  different  from  any  thing-  indicated  ei- 
ther by  the  proceedings  of  this  body,  or  by  conver- 
sations out  of  the  housej  he  should  be  opposed  to 
filling  the  blank  at  all.  Let  me,  said  he,  ask  tlie 
Speaker  CMr.  Clay)  vvli  ether  we  would  have  dared 
in  1812  to  have  laid  a  direct  tax  of  three  millions 
of  dollars,  or  any  tax  at  all,  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
)orting  tlie  peace  establishment  we  now  ha.vei' 
.Vhen  particular  circumstances  in  1812  demanded 
an  increase  of  our  army,  and  of  the  resources  ne- 
Cessaiy  to  support  it,  what  was  the  course  v/hich 
tl'.e  national  legislature  resorted  to,  to  render  those 
measures  palatable?  Did  we  not  say,  those  measures 
should  exist  only  during  war?  Did  we  not  say  that 
within  one  year  after  the  return  of  peace,  the  na- 
tion should  be  relieved  from  taxation?  Now  tliat 
peace  was  restored,  ideal  dangers  were  to  be  con- 
jured up,  to  justify  the  maintenance  of  large  estab- 
lishments— and  where  was  the  government  that 
could  nst  at  any  time  conjure  up  reasons  such  as 
these  ?  Against  the  doctrines  which  his  colleague 
(Mr.  Clay)  had  expressed,  and  no  doubt  Ciuididly 
and  honestly  entertained,  Mr.  M'Kce  said  he  as 
sincerely  and  candidly  entered  his  protest,  as  he 
(Mr.  C.)  had  against  the  opinions  of  his  colleague 
'Mr.  Hardin.)  The  doctrines  of  this  report,  Mr. 
M'Kee  said,  occupied  the  very  ground  which  was 
"aken  in  Great  Britain  a  century  ago,  and  would 
<-.ertainly  produce  the  same  effects  here  as  tliev  liad 
done  there,  if  like  causes  produce  like  effects.  Shew 
me  the  nation,  said  he,  witli  large  expenditures  of 
money,  large  taxes  to  support  it,  and  I  will  shew 
you  a  people  who  have  no  substantial  freedom, 
whose  liberty  is  a  mere  phantom,  and  has  no  sub- 
stance in  It.  Would  any  one  say  that  tlie  liberties  of 
the  people  of  Great  Britain  were  not  »s  well  secured 
as  they  were  a  century  ago?  Their  rights  exist  with 
the  same  guarantees;  they  have  tlie  freedom  of 
press  and  of  speech  :  wliy  then  do  we  say,  and  trulv 
say,  the  people  of  Great  Britain  are  the  subjects  of 
an  unrelenting  tyranny?  Because  they  ai-e  oppressed 
by  a  system  of  taxatiim  taking  fi-om  the  mouth  of 
labor  its  bread,  and  depressing  the  industry  of  the 
country.  Like  causes  woidd  jiroduce  like  effects  in 
this  country.  Were  gentlemen  not  now  hunting  up 
causes  of  alarm  as  motives  for  m.aintaining  these 
expensive  establishments?  Had  auy  individual  in 
the  house  proposed  to  reduce  t!;e  national  expendi- 
ture? He  bad  expected  the  fniancial  committee 
would  have  began  its  operations  by  proposing  to  lop 
od'some  of  tliose  excrescences  which  have  grown 
out  of  the  necessity  of  the  times.  There  is  not  a  tax 
on  the  statute  book  for  which,  Mr.  M'Kee  said,  he 
did  not  vote;  but  he  did  so  to  meet  the  occasion 
whicli  demanded  them.  He  did  not  vote  for  taxes  or 
for  military  establishments  at  those  times,  to  saddle 
the  American  people  with  them  for  ever.  'I'iity  had 
now  ai>swcred  the  occasion  fur  wluch  it  was  snid 
fliey  were  created,  and  he  was  for  repealing  them; 
thgugli  lie  agreed  with  the  gentleman  from  Vir2;-i- 
nia,  if  any  internal  tax  was  to  be  retained,  it  ought 
to  be  the  land  tax.  It  was  a  preferable  inx,  because 
it  comes  home  so  tl'.e  feelings  of  tl.e  poor  asul  the 
rich — every  m.ui  feels  it — it  does  not  sli])  unnoticed 
through  society.  But,  if  it  were  continueil,  with 
ofl'.er  taxes,  unless  better  reason.?  were  assigned 
for  them  than  had  been,  .\fr.  M'Kee  said  he  was 
much  mistaken  if  gentltmeii  v.ould  not  soon  licarof 
it  in  A  manner  inH\iitcly  more  authoritati\  e  tJiaii 
sjlY  argMaent  he  could  tirge. 

Mr'.jihinfo^h  moved  that  the  committee  sAo-;ld 


rise;  because,  lie  said,  a  fact  had  fallen  from  the 
speaker  (Mr.  Clay)  whicli  would  have  much  weight 
on  the  procee<lings  of  the  house  wiien  it  came  pro- 
perly before  them.  According  to  the  genius  of  tliis 
government,  none  of  its  ministers  had  seats  on  the 
floor  of  this  house,  and  ccnseqi;entl\'  those  mem- 
bers iiecome  the  medium  of  coiinnunicating  its  sen- 
timents w!io  stand  high  in  the  confidence  of  the 
executive — "\V)io  siiould  stand  high  in  its  confidence 
if  the  speaker  of  this  house  did  not  ? — and  he  had 
made  a  declaration,  with  a  view  to  influence  the 
vote  of  tlie  house  on  a  money  bill  too,  involving' 
matter  of  deep  and  higli  import.  Mv.  R.  said  he  did 
not  wish  that  the  opinion  and  influence  of  the  speak- 
er sliouid  have  tliat  efiect  on  tlie  deliberations  of 
this  house  which  it  ought  not  to  have  in  case  the 
ncgociation — if  there  were  one  pending — between 
us  and  Spain,  should  be  in  a  better  state  than  that 
of  which  the  gentleman  had  spoken.  If  such  were 
the  relations  between  us  and  Spain  as  he  had  re- 
presented, Mr.  R.  said  it  might  have,  and  perliaps 
he  might  say,  ought  to  have,  considerable  weight 
on  the  great  questions  now  pending.  For  his  ]iai-t, 
however,  Mr.  R.  said  he,  like  the  gentleman  from 
Kentucky  (Mr.  :M'Kee)  could  not  be  frightened 
with  the  raw-head  and  bloedy-bones  of  old  Spain; 
He  believed  that  general  Andrew  Jackson  and  the 
Tennessee  militia  wotdd  give  a  good  account  of  all 
the  Spaniards  who  will  ever  shew  themselves  west 
of  tlie  Perdido,  and  their  red  brethren  the  Creeks, 

the  Choctaws    and    S'eminoles,   to    boot.     He 

[Here  Mr.  Clay  ror.c  to  explain,  and  Mr.  Randolph, 
gave  way  for  the  purpose.] 

_Mr.  Clni/  said  that,  when  up  before,  he  had  not 
said  or  intimated,   nor  did  he  intend  to  be  under- 
stood, as  communicating  any  fact  which  the  execu- 
tive was  ill  possession  of  in  relation  to  the  views  ot' 
Spain.  He  had  no  conversation  with  any  member  of" 
the  administration  on  the  subject.    He  alluded  to  a 
rumor,   equally  he  presumed  in  the  possession  of 
tlie  gentleman  from  Virginia  as  of  himself— he  had 
heard  it  as  coming  from  the  minister  himself  at  a 
public  entertainment.  Mr.  Clay  denied  that  he  had 
any  relation  with  the  executive,  the  cabinet,  or  am' 
of  its  members,  other  than  any  otlier  member  of 
the  house  had  or  might  have.  He  had  not  no'.v,  nor 
ever  had,  any  other  relation.  M'hilst  up,  if  the  gen- 
tleman would  permit,  he  would  make  a  single  re- 
mark (m  a  part  of  the  gentleman's  argument.    Tbe 
gentlem-in  liad  shewn,  by  the  latter  part  of  his  re- 
marks, that  this  moU^in  was  wholly  unnecessary — 
for,  though  the  gentleman  had  commenced  by  say- 
ing that  a  fkct  had  been  communicated  which  would 
have  an  important  bearing  on  the   question  before 
the  house,  he  had  ended  by  s^iy[ng  that,  if  the  fact 
hvcre  true,  he  would  trust  to  general  Jackson  antl- 
the  Tennessee  militia  to  drive  all  intrudei's  from 
jthe'soil  in  that  quarter.     Mr.  C.  said  he  believed 
ithe  braven-,  the  heroism  of  those  citi7:cns  would  be 
ja  s:de  reliance;  but  he  was  dispo.stcl,   if  necessary, 
|tOKli(,ird  tlicm  auxiliary  :,id,  vkc.   without  drawing. 
I  loo  largely  on  their  patrioiisni. 

Mr.  Jiandolph  resumed  the  floor.  Although  the 
fact  communicated  by  the  hgnor:4ble  speaker  t» 
itliis  house  might  not  have  come  from  any  member 
of  t!ie  c;.biiicl,  nothing  could  be  more  natural  than 
for  Mr.  li.  to  snp[)!j.s,c  it  might;  for  he  s:.id,  when 
he  was  intimate  witii  the  members  of  the.  cabinet^ 
he  had  Ijeen  let  into  their  secrets,  and  perhaps  toy 
deeply  into  them.  Although  this  rumor  v,  hicii  l);i<l 
'  come,  as  th.c  honorable  i:pr;dier  lindtcld  them,  from 
the  Sp.mish  minister,  might  not  have  aiiv  influence 
on  bis  vote,  he  doubted  u  liether  it  would  not  hav^ 
consi;ler;.ble  influence  on  the  votes  of  ot'ier  g-cr.tfs- 


g78        TaLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY.  JANUARY  27,  1816, 

nen  It  was  not  logical — in  the  fashionable  ptiruse .  had  inferred  lii^  views,  and  not  quoted  his  langua£!,-e/ 
t  was  a  non  scpiilnr,  to  say,  that  because  the  rumor  Mr.  C.  suid  iis  the  quesiion  was  fin-  the  conmiit'.cc 
lid  not  att'ect  him,  it  might  not  affect  tiie  oiiiuions  to  rise,  he  was  prechided  from  gn'm^  into   the  j-t- 


rnen 

i 

did  ..^v  .> ,  ^  ., 

of  others;  for  perliap»  tlie  honourable  speaker  will 
allow,  said  Mr.  R.  that  I  am  impregnable  to  argu- 
inenls  of  such  a  nature.  Willi  respect  to  this  nunor, 
Mr.  l^.  said  he  was  at  the  lirst  of  it.  He  never  had 
had  any  communication  with  any  minister,  domestic 
or  foreign,  but  at  his  instance;  he  n.ever  h;id  nor  ever 
would  he.  He  Mas  now,  lie  repealed,  at  tlie  first  of 
this  rumor.  Stated  as  this  rumor  had  been,  was  it 
Tio  cause  why  the  committee  should  rise?  He  thought 
it  was he  knew  tliat  the  speaker  had  not  intimat- 
ed that  he  had  obtained  his  information  from  tliis 
or  that  source;  that  ^Mr.  U.  said,  was  an  inference 
ofhis  own — but,  ;'.s  far  as  language  can  convey  ideas, 
he  was  both  deaf  and  stupid  if  the  speaker  had  not 
intimated  that  the  state  of  our  relations  with  Spain, 
combined  with  the  reported  demand  of  th.e  Spanish 
minister,  v.-ould  influence  !iis  opinion  on  the  subjcd 
before  the  house.  As  for  South  America,  Mr.  M. 
.said,  be  was  not  going  a  tilting  for  the  liberties  of 
the  peopfe  of  Sp;'mi.sh  Amei-ica — they  came  not  to 
our  aid — let  us  mind  our  own  budness;  let  not  our 
people  be  taxed  for  the  liberties  of  the  people  of 
Spanish  America. 

Above  all,?>3r.  H.  said,  he  did  not  mean  to  jiour  out 
the  blood  and  treasure  of  his  constituents  for  the 
sake  uftlie  people  of  Garraccas,  and  Mexico.  In 
fact  he  did  not  want  to  go  on  in  the  track  of  Aaron 
Burr  and  Jonathan  Dayton — he  did  not  waUL.any  of 
the  territories  in  that  legion  by  conquest,  purcl.ase 
or  voluntary  cession.  If  they  established  an  inde 
pendent  government,  he  would  maintain  with  tiiese 
people,  as  witli  all  other  nations,  the  relations  of 
peace  and  amity.  Tiiis  struggle  for  liberty  in  Souih. 
America,  Mr.  K.  said,  would  turn  ouL  in  the  end 
sometiiing  like  tlie  French  liberty,  a  detestable  des- 
potism. Vou  cannot  make  liberty,  he  said,  out  of 
Spanish  matter — you  might  as  well  try  to  build  a 
seventy-four  out  of  pine  saplings.  Wiiat  ideas,  bo 
asked,"iiad  the  Spaniards  of  raLional  liberty;  of  the 
trial  b}  jui'y;  of  the  riglit  of  liubeas  co-pus:  of  the 
slow  process  by  whicli  this  house  moves  and  acisr 
None — no,  said  he,  none — expediency,  necessit;,, 
the  previous  question,  the  inquisition — these  were 
.imong  the  engines  belonging  to  their  ideas  of  go- 
vernment. Tlie  honorable  speaker,  ?.Ir.  R.  said,  had 
told  the  house  on  a  late  occasion,  tiiat  lie  saw  in- 
stances of  this  or  that  in  tlie  British  iiouse  of  com- 
mons: the  honorable  gentleman  had  been  sent  on  a 
late  occasion  by  our  government  to  FAirope — lie  had 
been  near  the  field  or  Waterloo — Mr.  H.  said  iic  was 
tdVaid,  the  gentleman  had  caught  the  infcciion;  U-at 
he  had  snnllcd  Uic  carnage — and  wiicn  a  man  onct 
Catches  that  mftction,  n.kctliat.  of  arnliiilon  or  av.u- 
I'jce,  wiiether  tJcen  in  tiie  natural  way,  or  by  miio- 
cuiation,  the  coisequencea  are  permanent,  ^■\'llat, 
Kaid  Mr.  11.  increase  otn*  standing  army  in  time  o; 
]3eace  on  the  suggestion  that  we  are  to  go  on  a  crus- 
ade in  Soutji  America?  Do  I  not  under.>3tand  thegeii- 


tleman?  [ 


The 


speaker  here  intimated  a  negative  to 


this  question.]     i  am  sotTy  I  do  noi,  said  Mr.  R     1 


labor  under  two  great  rr.isfortiincs- 


-one    i.-i,  that  I 


-can  never  imderstand  tue  hoiiorable  speaker — tne 
ether  is,  that  he  c-au  never  uiidur.stand  n.c — on  such 
terms  an  argument  cannot  be  U'aiut/.iined  Ijetwcun 
tis — tiierefore,  for  his  share,  iir.  il.  saiti,  iie  should 
put  an  end  to  it. 

.Mr.  (.'lay  then  rose,  and  £ald,tiiat  he  did  ;iot  know 
how  the  gentlemen  could  jiossibly  have  undcrstuovi 
'fiim  as  desiring  to  augment  the  army  ai  tliis  time, 
ora.    " 
Tica. 


;  desiring  to  underti.ke  a  cru.sade  to  South  A.ue 
f Mr.  H.  intimated  aerojrS  tho  iiot««,  thiit  he 


nerai  argument,  wlucii  he  deferred  till  a  proper  op- 
portunity. 

Mr.   Calltoun  was  in  favor  of  the  motion  for  the 
committee  to  rise;  because,  he  said,  tliis  wasaques- 
tion  involving  momentous  considerations.     On  the 
ways  and  means  de])eiided  every  measure  of  the  go- 
vernment.    ()u    the  decisions  of  the  questions  now 
before  die  committee,  depended  the  quesiion  whe- 
ther a  liberal  and  enlightened  policy  should  charac- 
terize the  measures  of  tlie  government.    Gontlcmeti 
ought  tlierefore  to  jiroceed  with  caution.     If  gentle- 
men wei-e  of  opinion  that  our  navy  ouglit  not  to  be 
gradually  improved;    that  preparation    ouglit  not  to 
be  made   during  peace  for    preventing    or  meeung 
war;  tliat  internal  improvements  should  not  be  pro- 
secuted— ifthe.se  were  their  sentiments,  tliey  we're 
rip;iit  in  desiring  to  abolish  all  taxes.  Ifiiiey  thought 
otiienvise,  itv/as  absurd,  it  was  prcposterou^tosay, 
that  we  should  not  lay  taxes  on  tlie  people.     Mr.  C. 
s.iid  gentlemen  ought  not  to  give  into  the  contract- 
ed idea,  that  taxes  v.'cre  so  mucli  money  taken  from 
tiie  people;  properly  applied,  ti;e  money  ])roceeding 
from  taxes,  was  money  put  out  to  tiie  besi  possible 
interest  for  the  people.     He  wjsiied,  he  said,  to  see 
tlic   nation  free  from   external  danger   and  internal 
difficulty.     With  sucli  vieu^s,   he  could  not  see  the 
expediency   of  abolishing- the  system  of  finance  es- 
tabii:,iied  with  so  much  labor  and  difficulty.     It  was 
a  subject  wliich  ought  to   be  i~j)pio:.che(I  seriously 
and  deliberately.     The  broad  quesiion  was  now  be-* 
fore  the  Iiouse,  whether  this  government  should  act 
on  an  enlarged  policy;  whetlier  it  would  avail  itself 
of  the  experience  of  the  last  w,  r;  whether  it  would 
be  benefitted  b}  the   mass  of  knowledge  acquired 
witliin  the  kw  last  years;  or  whether  we  should  ga 
on  in  the  old  imbecile  mode,  contributing  by  our 
measures   notiiiiig  to  the  honor,  nothing  to  tiiere* 
putation    of  the   country.     Such    would  not  be  hii 
course.  He  believed  this  great  people,  daily  acqtiic-. 
ing  chaiacter  and  strength,  would  excite  the  jea»' 
iousy    of  foreign    powers.     He   iiad  no  hosti'i'y  to 
the  power  to  which  he  had  particular  referei'ce;  but 
he  h.al  a  fiiendsliip  for  his  own  country    He  thought 
it  due  to  tlie  wisdom  of  its  councils,  and  to  its  se» 
curiiy,  that  it  should  be  well  prep:;red  against  pos- 
sible assaults  fLom  abroad.     If  dangei-  should  co-ic^ 
we  siiail  then  be  able  to  meei  it.     If  it  never  comej 
vv-e  shall  derive  sufficient  consolation  from  a  know- 
ledge  of  our  security.     In  tins  view  of  the  magni- 
tude of  this  topic,  and  to  give  gentlemen  on  everj"' 
side  an    opporiunity   of  speaking  on    the  question 
vviiicii  is  now  opened,  which  is  to  decide  whetner 
\e  ere  lo  tr.ivel  downward,  or  to  raise  ti.e  natlan  X9 
ttuit  elevation  to  wliicli  ii  ought  to  aspire,  he  should 
vote  for  the  commitiep's  rising. 

Mr.  Clay  iniir»i.»ied,  that,  under  similar  conside- 
rarions,  he  also  should  vote  for  tiie  committee  t« 
rise. 

Mr.  Loruiidt's  expressed  his  wish  that  the  commit- 
ice  shoLud  not  rise  ;  and  Mr.  Sargearit  spoice  in  fa* 
vor  of  its  rising  in  order  to  obtain  some  offici;d  ii> 
fbrmation  wliich  he  deemed  necessary  to  a  correct 
derision  of  tlie  question  before  the  house. 

Mr.  J/ji'aisMi,  of  Ky.  sp'ike  str  ;  igij,'  against  the 
commiLtee's  rising,  on  account  of  tiie  great  tinirf 
already  consumed  in  debate  on  other  topics,  the 
rapid  progress  of  tliGbCssion,  imd  the  muititude  of 
topics  demanding  tiie  attention  of  the  Iiouse,  &o; 
wliicii  required  tiiat  less  time  should  be  consumed 
in  ucbate. 

Mt-  //ariA';i.siid /kwislied-also  to  esj;n-ssslua  setf 


NILES'  WEEKLY  RE<5HSTER— CONGRESS. 


379 


ti'ioeHts  on  this  subject,  as  well  as  other  members, 
who  had,  perliaps,  cousumcdless  of  the  time  ofthe 
hoHse  in  debate,  than  the  gentleman  from  Kentucky, 
(Mr.  Johnson.)  He  wislied  to  know,  he  saitl,  wliJit 
the  g-eiitleman  from  South-Carolina  meant  by  na- 
tional g-lory  ?  Whether  he  meant  by  it  large  stand- 
ing' armies  and  navies,  and  tens  of  millions  of  debt 
and  taxes  ?  He  wisi>ed  to  ascertain  these  and  other 
things — [The  chairman  here  reminded  Mr.  H.  that 
the  question  for  the  committee  to  rise  did  not_  ad- 
mit a  debate  on  the  merits  of  the  main  question  ; 
and  that  liis  obser'/ations  were  not  in  order.] — Mr. 
H.  said,  being  a  new  member,  he  knew  little  of  what 
was  called  order  in  the  house,  and  did  not  mean  to 
violate  it — he  had  heard  a  great  deal  about  it,  but 
seen  verv  little  of  it,  since  he  look  lii.s  seat.  He  con- 
ieluded  by  saving  he  was  in  favor  of  the  committee's 
rising,  to  afford  an  opportiuiity  for  a  iree  debate  on 
6ie  subject. 

The  committee  rose. 
••  On  motion  of  Mr.  Rati'Iolph,  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  was  directed  to  lay  before  the  house  an  ac- 
«ount  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  na- 
tion, from  the  commencem.ent  of  the  government  to 
this  day,  distingiiishing  the  different  items  of  each. 

And  Uic  house  adjourned. 

JMomlaii,  .■'in.  22.  The  house  resumed  the  con- 
sideration of  the  bill  from  the  senate  respecting 
the  convention  to  regulate  tiie  commerce  between 
the  territories  ofthe  United  .States  and  Great  Bri- 
tain— which  bill,  it  will  be  'remembered,  Mi-.  For 
syth  had  moved  to  reject — ^klr.  Hanson  liad  moved 
to  postpone  indefinitely — and  v.hich  was  finally  or- 
dered to  lie  on  the  table. 

The  question  on  Mr.  Hanson's  motion  was  decid- 
ed in  the  negative;  Mr.  Forsyth  withdrew  his  mo- 
tion; the  bill  was  tvvice  read  and  referre<l  to  a  com- 
mittee of  the  whole.  In  this  shape  the  whole  tub- 
jcct  again  conies  before  t'le  house. 

The  folU)wiag  letter,  received  on  Satu^d-ayby  the 
speaker,  waa  now  laid  bv  him  before  the  house — 
General  Po-3t-0ff:ce,  20th  Jim.  1816. 
The  hon.  Hewhy  Clay-,  speaker  of  the  house  of  re- 
precentatives: 

Sin — Having  this  morning  heard,  that  reports 
were  in  circuly,tlon,  unfiworaole  to  the  cJiaracter  of 
this  department,  iw  relation  to  its  fiscal  concerns,  1 
respectfully  request,  that  a  cnmmittee  of  tlie  lionor- 
able  lioMse  may  be  appoiuled  to  investigate  these 
.concerns. 

Respectfully,  I  am,  sir,  vour  obedient  servant, 

It.  J.  ?>.IEIGS,  P.  M.  C.  - 

The  letter  was  referred  to  the  committsc  on  the 
jpost  office  and  post  roads. 

^    On  motion  of  Mr.  Wrighi — 

lieaolved,  Tliat  tlie  committee  on  military  affairs 

.enquire  into  the  reduction  ofthe  army,  as  directed 
by  law,  and  w.hen  the  peace  citablishment  was  com- 
pleted; and  also,  whether  the  officers  ot  the  peace 

■establisliment  retained,    are  out  of  those  in  office 

•  during  the  war,  or  appointed  since  the  peace;  ai>d 
report  tlie  list  of  officers,  if  any,  appointed  since 
the  poace,  that  are  retained,  and  tlie  state  or  terri- 
tfily  of  their  residence. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Atherton — 

JieeoIx-eJ,  Thut  the  sccrctarv  of  the  treasury  be, 
liidlieis  hereljy  directed  to  lay  before  tins  house  a 
statement  of  the  aaiount  of  the  valuation  of  rea"< 
Estate  and  shaves  in  tiie  several  states,  m.ule  by  vir- 
tue of  an  act  of  the22d  July,  1813,  for  the  assess- 
ijjjfnt  and  collection  ofthe  direct  t.i::,  scpai..tcly  de- 
signating in  anoh.  jitatci.icn!,  I'.ic  a:rioimt  ©f  tiic  lift 


valuation  of  the  buildings,  lands  and  slaves  in  eacTi 
state. 

Ti  •  remainder  of  the  day  was  spent  in  commit- 
tee of  the  whole  on  the  bill  to  continue  the  double 
duties  till  the  30tli  June  next,  and  the  bill  for  con- 
tinuing the  salt  tax. 

The  result  was,  that  the  bill  for  continuing  the 
double  duties  to  June,  was  amended  so  as,  after 
that  day,  to  add  to  the  duties  then  existing  (that 
is,  the  old  duties)  42  per  cent,  on  their  amount,  un- 
til a  new  tariff  be  enacted. 

The  two  bills  were  reported  to  the  house — and 
then,  at  a  late  hour, 

The  house  adjourned. 

Tuesday,  Jan.  23.  After  a  variety  of  other  busi* 
nes« — 

A  letter  was  laid  before  the  house,  by  the  speak- 
er, from  general  Peter  B.  Porter,  a  member  of  tins 
liouse  from  Xew  York,  announcing  his  resigiiation 
of  his  seat. 

Tlie  house  proceeded  to  the  order  of  the  day,  be- 
ing the  report  of  the  comuiittee  of  the  wliole  on. 
the  bill  for  continuing  the  doable  duties,  aiid  ou 
that  for  continuing  the  salt  tax. 

The  bill  first  mentioned  v/as  first  taken  up,  and 
the  amendment  read. 

After  several  motions  to  amend — 

Tlie  amendments  made  in  committee  of  the  wliolf; 
having  been  agreed  to,  this  bill  was  ordered  to  be 
engrossed  for  a  third  reading. 

Tiie  bill  for  ccntinuuig' the  tlut\' on  imported  salt 
was  taken  up.  An  amendment  was  proposed  by 
Mr.  Brigham,  to  commute  the  duty  ti>  15  cents  o.\ 
every  56  lbs.  of  salt,  but  was  negatived. 

The  bill  to  continue  in  force  the  laws  establish- 
ing the  duties  on  stami^s  and  refined  sugars,  were 
tl:en  agreed  to  in  coniruitite  of  tiie  v\iioie,  as  was 
also  the  bill  to  repeal  that  j)art  of  the  -act  tliat  lajs 
additional  duties  on  postage 

The  committee  tlien  rose  and  reported  the  bills, 
to  the  house. 

The  eni^rossod  bill  to  continue  the  double  duties 
on  imposts,  &c.  was  read  a  third  time,  pii-^scd  v.ith- 
out  u  divisiouj  and  sent  to  the  senate  for  coricur*. 
rence. 

The  bill  to  continue  in  force  the  bill  laying  a 
duty  on  imported  salt,  was  read  a  tiiird  time.  The 
veas  and  navs  on  its  passage  having  been  required, 
by  ill-.  Stanford— 

A  debate  arose  on  its  passage — 

The  question  was  at  length  tiiken  on  tlie  passage, 
)f  the  bill  at  a  late  hour,  and.  decided  in  the  affir< 
mative  by  a  larg-e  m.-jority. 

TE,\S.— MfSSi-s.  AlexijuclvT.  Ari'hfr,  Bakvr,  BassKtt,  Bateman, 
Bayiii'3,  B"iinett,  3f  tis,  Biid>:UI,  Kinlsuye,  Ciouiit,  Cuss,  Bri»»ihury,. 
Bruoki,  Calilwell,  Calhoiiu,  Cariuoi;,  Chappt-ll,  Clark,  Ky.  Clajton; 
Comstodi,  Coniljt,  Craw)b«l,Creig:iitijn,  Cutbbtrt,  Darliuytuii,  Da- 
vciipoit,  Deslia,  Forsyth'-,  Gold,  OiiUiii,  Grosveiior,  HauunomJ, 
Hhhso  ■,  Hardin,  liawea,  H^iiJs-isun.  Hupkinsoi,  Huibert,  Ingham, 
Ja!:ksori,,r(ilursuri.  Ky.  Kent,  Kii:g,  N.  C  I.hv.,  t.'jwiidca,  Lyit,  Ma- 
clay,  Masuii.  .^!ayra^it,  M'l.fai,  Ky.  M»U!li-luii.  Mills.  .Milior,  Most- 
ly, MmiVei-,  Xiwtiin.Onnsby,  rickii-iiig,  I'iikiii,  Plt-asauu,  t'nwijl, 
KeeJ,  U;>  nnlifs,  Koh-rtson.  Knot,  Hiitr';'- s-  SaiETcant,  Siiarpe, 
bmiils.  Va.  Strariis,  bturg-  s,  Tiillniailgi;,  Taiil,  I  aylui',  N.  Y.  'laj'r 
I  r.S.C.  Telfair,  TlK).T)as/l'lu(u;>,  I'lit-!; -i-fWali;!!;-.  W:ii-il,Mas^ 
Wcjdttvcr.  ">yilJe,  Wilkajrjby,  Tlios.  >Vil>on.  Woodward.  Yah.V 
cy,  Yaiej— S9. 

N.\YS.— Ml  ssrs.AtliHrfon.  Brrckenrid?-.nii)jhain,B!M'  siU ,  Bur- 
\ie;I.  C.idy,  Cl.ipjiiaii.  Cillt}-,  Cljrk,  N.C.  Clopiun.  CulpfpiJCi-,  Ga*- 
ton,<ii.l!-!)Oi-oii(^li.  H^ii'i,  H  ili,  11.  isi-  r,  Hu:.g-  rt<,nl,  1;  win,  I'a.  Je«>- 
eit.  .'()li'.*OM,  Va.  Krrr.  Ki,.g-,  Mas*.  I.;ui»<!oi:,  I.ewi<,  Lovt  it,  Lunt^' 
ki.n,  L5011.  .M'<J<iy,  Motili.  I'.loijiv.  N  Uim,  Mai.  Nt!si>i>,  \  .1.  .N^yci, 
Psrris  Pickt-iii,  Pip  1.  Kjiidiilpii,  KIc,-.  Roa'.r.  Rcis,  Savagv-,  S■JUI!^ 
ai-d,  iStaniciiH!,Stiv)iig,  TasS"'-.  •■ste.Vcsi-,  Whiteside,  Wucux,  Wil- 
iiaius,  Will.  Wiisoii,  WrigliC— .■•2. 

iVeilhstid.ni,  .Fun.  24.  Afr.  Thvoop,  fi'om  t!>e  select 
committte,  to  whom  was  referred  tlio  pe.ltion  of 
.'.br.iham  Markle  and  Gideon  Fr'  b:o,  and  their  ;is- 
■.9ci;rt.e«,  reported  a  biii  fiyr  tiie  rtHef  of  certain  Ca.- 


S80 


nil::s'  wbeicly  register— Saturday,  January  §f,  isi^, 


nadian  relugecs,  who  joined  the   Araericaa   a 
te  war  wilh  Great  Britain  ;  w'uich 


army 
was 


diirin;:^  V-\c  lat 

twice  read  and  committed. 

Air.  Uohertsun  oilered  tor  consideration  a  resolu- 
tion to  til  is  eflect : 

Jicsnlved,  That  tlie  president  of  the  United  States, 
be  requested  to  lay  before  this  house  such  informa- 
tion as  he  may  possess,  which  he  may  not  think  it 
improper  to  conmiunlcatc,  relative  to  the  demands 
said  to  have  lieen  nnde  by  the  government  of  Spain 
for  the  rf?s«ion  of  a  part  of  Louisian:i. 

Mr.  It.  said  liC  felt  il  his  duty  to  fflake  this  mo- 
tion, in  crinserjucnce  of  the  reports  witli  which 
papers,  in  vanous  parts  of  the  nation,  teemed,  ia 
re.^pect  to  this  subject.  If  it  was  a  topic  higlily  in- 
teresllno-  to  the  people  o"  the  United  States  gene- 
rally, it  was  particularly  so  to  the  people  of  the  state 
Y.diich  he  represented,  (Louisiana.)  They  had  been 
sufficiently  annoyed  and  rexed  for  the  last  tifleen 
years,  by  frequciit  changes  and  rumors  of  chavii^-es  of 
their  form  of  government;  and  whether  this  report 
were  true  or  not,  it  was  proper  that  the  minds  of 
his  constituents  shoidd  be  qnieted  in  regard  to  it. 
Tlie  immense  distance  at  which  they  were  situated 
ft-om  the  scat  of  government  would  make  them 
more  anxious  to  know  the  truth  on  this  head;  and 
he  should  ftel  that  he  neglected  their  interests  if 
he  fdicd  to  make  the  clfort  which  he  had  done,  to 
remove  all  doubts  from  their  minds  on  the  subject. 
The  motion  was  agreed  +o  without  delmte  r.nd 
'.vitliouta  division;  aiU  Messrs.  Robertson  and  Clay- 
ton appointed  a  committee  to  lay  the  same  before 
the  president. 

The  engrossed  bill  to  continue  in  force  the  acts 
therein  mentioned,  (the  act  laying  a  duty  on  bank 
notes  and  notes  discounted,  and  the  bill  laying  a 
duty  ens  sugar  refined  within  the  United  States) 
was"  read  a  third  time.  The  question  on  the  pas- 
sage of  tlie  bill  was  decided  as  follows,  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph having  required  the  yeas  thereon,  in  order, 
;is  he  saiil,  to  record  his  vote  a^^'ainst  it: 

For  the  bill     ....         103 
Against  it  ....       43 

•  The  engrossed  bill  to  reduce  the  duties  on  post- 
age to  their  old  rates,  was  read  a  third  time  and 
passed. 

The  ho-,;se  tlien  ngain  resolved  itself  into  a  com- 
mittee of  the  whole,  Mr.  Nelson  in  the  chair,  on  the 
remainder  of  the  report  of  the  committee  of  ways 
and  means. 

The  question  before  the  house,  on  tlie  last  ad- 
journment, and  which  nov,'  recurs,  v.':;b,  on  a  mwtion 
of  Mr.  ChiV  to  strike  out  three  viih'iuri.'i,  the  amount 
of  the  direct  tax  jjroposed  to  be  levied  ajmually  on 
tlie  United  States — 

Mr.  Clay,  considering  the  decision  of  the  house 
yesterday,  in  regard  to  a  pro])osed  increase  of  tlie 
duties  on  imports,  as  dcciBi;e  against  his  object, 
which  was  to  substitute  for  a  part  of  the  pro])03ed 
direct  tax,  a  small  additional  duty  on  imports,  cal- 
culated to  produce  tlie  same  amount,  withdrew  his 
motion. 

He  then  moved  to  amend  tlie  resolve  respecting 
t!ie  direct  tax,  so  as  to  limit  it  to  one  year,  with  a 
view  tfj  place  it  annually  under  the  control  of  this 
house. 

This  motion  was  agreed  to  by  a  large  mnjority. 
Mr.  Jim  din  then  moved  to  amend  the  resolve,  so 
9s  to  declare  it  cxjicdicnt  to  repeal  the  direct  tax 
r.i'.vs  altogether,  except  so  much  as  is  necessary  to 
enforce  the  collection  of  the  tax  already  due. 

In  support  of  this  motion  he  made  a  speech  of 
about  an  nOiu-  in  1 


Mr.  Conner  then  spoke  about  half  an  hour  in  opV 
position  to  the  motion;  and 

At  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Randoljih  the  commit-' 
tee  rose  and  reported  progress,  and 

The  house   adjourned. 

Thursday,  Jaii.  25.  A  letter  was  received  front 
the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  transmitting,  in  com- 
pliance  with  tlie  motion  of  Mr.  Atherton  the  other 
dav,  a  statement  of  the  amovmt  of  valuation  of  lands, 
buildings,  slaves,  &c.  in  each  district  within  the 
United  States. 

Tlie  liotise  again  resolved  itself  Into  a  commit- 
tee  of  the  whoi-?,  on  th2  report  of  the  committee 
of  the  whole  house  in  regard  to  tlie  revenne. 

The  re.solntion  respecthig  the  direct  tax  being 
under  consideration,  together  with  Mr.  Hardin's 
motion  to  declare  it  expedient  to  repeal  the  said 
tax- 
Mr.  Randolph  rose  and  spoke  on  the  subjoct  near^ 
ly  four  hours,  fie  had  not  concluded,  when,  bei'ng^ 
requested  to  give  way  for  tlie  purpose,  the  commi^ 
tee  rose,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Ross.  Mr.  Randolph  is 
opposed  to  the  direct  tax,  and  to  the  sj'stem  of  in- 
ternal taxation  generally. 

When  the  committee  rose,  the  house  adjourned. 

SENATE. 

Friday,  Jamiavy  19.  The  consideration  of  the  bill 
to  regulate  the  commerce  between  the  U.  States 
and  the  territories  of  Great  Britain,  according  to 
Uie  convention  of  commerce,  &c.  was  resumed. 

After  some    further  debate,  the  question  of  its 
passage  to  a  third  reading  was  decided  as  follows  : 
YEAS. — Alcssrs.  Bibb,  Condit,  Ijacock,   Macon^ 
.Morrow,  Roberts,  Ruggles,   Taylor  Vamum,  V/il-' 
son— 10. 

NAYS. — Messrs.  Bai-bour,  Barry,  Brown,  Chace,'- 
Dagg-ett,  Dana,  Fromentin,  Gaillard,  Goldsborough,- 
Horsey,  Howell,  Hunter,  King,  Ma.son,  N.  H.  Tal- 
bot,  Tait,    Thompson,  Tichenor,   Turner,    Wells^' 
Vv'illiam:, — 21. 

So  the  bill  was  rejected. 

[On  the  foreg-oing,  the  JWitional  Intelligencer  hsS 
the  following  remarks  : 

"It  cannot  but  be  disagreeable  to  the  public  tO 
perceive  that  a  collision  of  opinion  has  arisen  be- 
tween the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  on 
the  subject  of  their  respective  powers  ;  the  senate 
having  rejected  the  bill  from  the  house  of  represen-* 
tatives,  for  carrying  the  treaty  of  commerce  with 
Great  Britain  into  effect.  Our  regrets  on  this  oc- 
casion, are,  however,  greatly  alleviated  by  tire 
knowledge,  that  this  ditference  proceeds  from  no 
division  of  sentiment  in  reg-ai'd  to  the  treaty  itself; 
not  a  single  member  of  either  house  having  express- 
ed an  inclination  to  throw  any  impediment  in  the 
way  of  giving  to  its  stipulations  the  most  complete 
eti'ect.  The  question  Is  one  entirely  constitutional 
in  its  natiu-e ;  and  the  dillerence  of  opinion  confined 
to  the  question,  whether  legislaiion  be  or  be  not 
necessary  to  give  the  treaty  eifect. 

If  tills  be  a  ([uestion  not  yet  adjudicated  under  thi: 
great  national  chai-tcr,  it  Is  fwrtunate  that  It  has 
presentctl  Itself  on  an  occasion,  where  no  party 
feelings  nor  motives  of  expediency  can  be  supposed 
to  influence  the  decision  of  it,  and  everj-  circum- 
stance favors  the  exercise  of  the  unbiassed  jud^ 
mcnt  of  both  branches  of  c®ngress  on  the  question. "3 
The  senate  did  not  set  on  Saturday. 


ngtTt. 


(J^Tlie  det.ails  imder  the  congress  head,  highly 
interesting,  making  much  more  than  was  expected, 
h;        .trbiued  the  Ghronicle   articles  prqiai-ed  fci" 


NILES'  WEEKLY   ilEGiSTEIi, 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TO  NO.  22,  OF  VOLUME  T.'IE  NINTH. 


Hac  olim  meminisse  juvabit. — ViiKvil. 


PRINTED  AND  PUBLISHED   BY  H.   NILKS,   NO.   29,  SOUT!!  CALVEIIT-STREET,   AT  %5  PKR  -4  VNUM. 


CCj°Editors  of  newsp-npers  friendly  to  t'lie  Weekly 
■Resfstkh,  are  politely  requested  lo  g'ive  tlie  article 
tliat  immediately  follows  two  or  tliree  insertions,  in- 
▼iting  the  attention  of  their  readers  to  it  by  a  sliort 
editorial  parag-raph,  m  such  terms  us  tl'.ey  think  it 
deserves.     The  favor  will  be  duly  appreciated. 


Niles'  Weekly  Register. 

This  work  has  been  publisiied  at  Baltimore  since 
the  first  of  September  1811 — and,  consequently, 
takes  in  a  period  of  the  most  interesting  events 
Wiiich  have  occurred  at  home  or  abroad — presenting- 
to  its  possessor  a  greater  quantit}-  of  docviments  and 
fccts  belonging-  to  the  history  of  America  and  Eu- 
rope, than  ever  before  was  compressed  into  one 
work — and,  as  to  things  past,  a  body  of  matter  that 
never  can  be  supplied  by  any  other  publication. 

Ic  is  printed  on  a  sheet  of  fine  super-royal  paper, 
in  octavo — paged  and  calculated  fer  binding,  with  a 
complete  index  for  every  volume.  Each  volume 
(taking  in  the  gratuitous  supplements)  contains 
iibout  450  pages,  and  there  are  two  volumes  per 
annum,  fov  five  dollars,  payable  in  advance  Adver- 
tisements of  all  sorts  are  excluded  ;  and  its  capa- 
cious pages,  and  small,  but  good,  type,  gets  in  more 
matter  than  has  before  issued  from  the  press  in  book- 
form,  sheet  for  she&t,  in  any  country. 

To  those  who  have  seen  and  examined  the  Week- 
it  REiiiSTER,  any  description  of  its  plan  is  deemed 
Superfluous.  Its  merits  or  demerits  are  seen  on  the 
»ligiite.st  inspection.  And,  while,  with  an  honest 
pride,  the  editor  observes  that  many  of  tlie  most 
distinguisiied  characters  in  the  United  States,  with 
some  in  Europe  and  South  America,  have,  with  the 
most  fliiUeriiig  encomiums  upon  him,  decidedly 
approved  of  its  plan  and  exccutioH»*  there  are  also 
many   that   he   feels    confident  would    be   glad   to 

*I  am  decidedly  opposed  to  the  system  of  [mffing. 
But,  perhaps,  in  some  cases  it  may  be  an  act  of  self- 
justice  for  a  man  to  speak  of  iiimself — m  t!ie  lan- 
guage of  ottiers.  I  have  received,  indeed,  a  liberal 
share  of  compinuent,  as  well  as  patronage.  But  tlie 
following,  from  the  hero  of  Erie,  received  at  the 
moment  I  was  writing  the  pai-agraph  to  which  this 
note  belongs,  seems  so  happily  to  support  what  is 
advanced  as  to  the  properties  of  tlie  work,  that  I 
venture  to  publish  it — assured  that  he  will  pardon 
tlie  promulgation  of  what  was  meant  only  for  my- 
self, if  he  biiali  believe  it  can  prove  beneficial  to  me. 
The  com.  had  very  i-eeently  purchased  a  set  of  tlie 
■work. 

.  Extract  of  a  letter  from   Commodore   0.  H.  Perry,  to 

the  Edittr  of  the  IVeekbj  Reginter,  dated  U.  S  n.hip 

Java,  jVewport,  Januarij,  1816. 

"Permit  me,  sir,  to  offer  you  mv  congTatub.tior.s 
•nthe  success  of  your  labors,  wiiich  have  given  to 
your  countrymen  an  autlieniic  record  of  events,  in 
an  amusing  shape,  at  a  most  interesting  period  of 
our  history.  I  trust  that  this  work  will  contin<ie  to 
receive  that  support  wjiich  it  has  so  richlv  earned. 

'^Accept,  sir,  tlic  assurance  of  my  respect,  and 
Bcliore  me  to  be,  yotir  obedient  s  errant, 

O.  n.  PERRY.' 

V9tA  rx.  1 


receive  the  work,  who  have  yet  only  distantly  hear 
of  it,  if  thev  have  heard  of  it  all :  to  such,  liie  fol- 
lowing brief  outline  of  its  contents  is  re?;)cctfullT 
offered  : 

The  REnisTER  coxtains  : 

1.  All  the  important  public  documents  nrd  pa- 
pers of  the  United  States, — civil,  military,  or  mis- 
cellaneous— with  a  complete  history  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  congress, — and,  occasionally,  the  speeches 
of  members  at  lengtli. 

2.  Most  of  the  important  documents  and  papers 
of  the  several  states,  witli  notices  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  tlieir  legislatures,  on  all  generally  iuieresting 
occasions. 

3.  A  great  body  of  foreign  documents  and  papers, 
with  a  liistory  of  foreign  events,  sufficient  to  keep 
up  an  intimate  knowledge  of  what  is  passing  in 
other  parts  of  the  world. 

4.  Notices  of  the  histor}-,  geograph.y  and  present 
state  and  condition  of  men  and  tilings,  foreign, 
and  domestic — with  a  particular  view  to  tlie  latter, 
illustrated  by  numerous  laborious  tables  compiled 
for  the  work,  and  original  essays  and  remarlcs. 

5.  BiogTaphical  sketches  of  distinguished  indivi- 
duals, especially  of  men  eminent  for  their  services 
to  the  United  States. 

6.  Many  of  the  important  laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  reports  of  important  law  casus,  of  inte- 
rest to  the  people  at  large. 

7.  A  great  number  of  original  arlioles  on  politics, 
statistics,  manufa,ctures,  &c.  See.  with  exhibitions  of 
the  resources  of  states,  8;c. — their  industry  and  na- 
tural advantages,  and  the  like — on  a  broad  and  coiBr 
prehensive  sculi*.  \\\  politics,  it  is  proper  to  observe, 
XhsX  party  questions  are  excluded,  and  that  nothing 
is  hiserted  with  electioneering  or  loc.il  views,  while 
personal  character  is  never  assailed.  Thecastofthc 
p;.per  is  certainlv  i-epublican — not  in  tiie  meaning 
of  the  term  as  applied  to  a  class  of  politician*  in 
the  United  States,  but  on  tlie  principle  of  the  con- 
stitution thereof;  and  is  decidedly  and  actively  op- 
posed to  the  principle  of  monarchy  and  its  friends. 
The  adv;tnt;.ges  of  our  system  of  government  are 
duly  appreciated,  and  tlie  liorrors  and  hypocricics 
of  despotism  exposed  ;  that  we  may  love  and  cleave 
to  the  republic  as  the  ark  of  our  safety  and  happiness. 

8.  Essays  and  facts  in  almost  every  department 
of  the  sciences — with  som.c  amusing  article;,  and  a 
record  of  events,under  tlie  liead  of  tiic  "Chronicle,'* 
as  they  occur. 

However  extensive  the  range  thus  stated  may  ap- 
pear, it  is,  perhaps,  considerably  within  the  scope 
of  the  work.  The  editor  thinks  he  ventures  nothiug" 
when  he  says,  that,  in  the  v.hole,  it  affords  the  most 
perfect  co-temporaneous  view  of  men  and  things 
hat  ever  was  published — being  compiled  with  the 
i.!Ost  persevering  and  unv/e.u-icd  .tttejUion  to  pre- 
serve every  thing  that  may  be  useful  or  interesting. 
And  its  contents  ai-e  as  well  calculaled  for  one  part 
of  the  union  as  another — nothing  hcnl  being  intro- 
duced. It  is  v/itjiout  doubt,  the  cheapest  periodi 
cal  work  that  ever  was  printed. 

The  REoisTi.n,  is  tr.insmittcd  by  mail,  very  secure 
ly  pucked,  to  any  part  of  the  United  States,  and  iivis 
sing  numbers  are  gratuitously  supplied, 

»  T 


^82        KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JAMTARY  27,  1816^ 


COMPLETE  FILES 

jr-.iv  he  had  eis  fvlle-ws  ; 
Vor  \\\c'i  years,  or  8  vols,  from  Sept.  1811 
'tc  Sept. '1815,  ...  S20 

tx*ra  supplements  to  vols.  5,  7,  and  8, 

Ql  o&ch  3 

Ycur  ill  advance  to  Sept.  1816  5 

§28 
lY  ilcsircil  lioiir.cl,  ^5"^  cents  per  volume  to  be  add- 
^d,  «r  7  (Inlhirs  for  the  eight  volumes,  now  bound 
ar.cL  rer.dv  for  delivery. 

riles;,  '\n  sheets,  inay  be  sent  to  any  post  office  at 
the  ra'^c  of  ncwsprkper  postage,  but  those  that  are 
bouiul  ciitmot  be  sent  by  mail,  'fhey  will  be  for- 
wr.rucd,  however,  in  either  ra.5C,  by  any  private  con- 
vcytncc  })()inted.(^^^l,t,  at  the  risk  of  tlie  purchaser, 
the  casli  being  paxifer  them.  Money  forwarded  by 
mail  is  guaranteed  safe  by  tlie  editor,  but  the  post- 
t.s^c  is  c^pcctc'd  to  be  i)aid.    Apply  to 

II.  NiLES,    Editor,  lialiimore. 


^,     Siijiplement  to  Vol.  IX. 

It  li  V,  itli  sincere  regret  the  editor  states  his  be- 
lief tliat  a  supplement  to  the  9th  or  present  v»lum- 
of  tl,e  Wr.EKi.Y  RtoisTKU,  is  indispensably  necessa- 
jv  to  thai  perfection  it  is  so  earnestly  desired  this 
\\'ork  should  hrve.  Gentlei»en  may  esteem  the 
IioiKsty  oftlic  declaration  as  tliey  please — but  the 
tditor  can  say,  that  Ids  ambition  to  give  value  to 
this  puldication  is  only  a  shade  diflerent  from  the 
oLiectof  subsisting  himself  and  his  family  by  it — 
anU  that  the  proposed  supplement  is  not  ottered 
viith  :'-  vlevr  to  pecuniary  advantagCb — for,  as  has 
been  before  stated,  tlie  profits  on  sucli  cxti-a-sheets 
have  not  yet  repaid  tlic  laljor  and  expence  bcstow 
upmi  them.  The  i.iusy  times  through  whicli  we 
have  p.isl,  require  li.  A  season  of  peace  will  settle 
41.S  down  into  a  state  that  w  ill  prevent  a  further  ne- 
cfs-iitv  fw  \i.  procedure  of  tUc  kind,  and  the  editor 
irul\  her -■'5  tiiat  tl)is  may  be  tlie  last  time  that  he 
iihuU  feci  it  due  to  tne  reputation  and  character, 
as.tl  tlic  u'iiity  of  the  Weekly  Registeu  to  pubiioh 
ft  (iupjdemc;-.;,  Zil  i>n  extra  charge. 

Xoiice  is  Uicrcfore  given  to  subscribers,   that  a 
.sujjpltnicr.t  of  t::'c!ve  g/ieefs,  io  cost  one  doluir,  will 
i'is'.iofo.'  tl:C  9tli,  or  present,  volume  of  the  AVeekly 
il/.oi.xTr.i;,  as^  soon  atler  the  close  of  the  volume  as 
po.ssible.  ticntleaien  wLsliing  to  possess  it,  w  ill  have 
ti'.e  opporluniiy  of  ordermg  it  when,  m  March  nexi, 
■:I.cy]);n'  up  the  ciu-rentycai-'s  subscriptloui  and  tliose 
y.  I'.o  lia\  e  already  paid  in  advance,  will  please  to  in- 
nnVKte  ihiir  desire  to  have  it,  as  soon  as  convenient. 
The  .-iipplenicnt  will  contain,  amoi'.g  nir.iiy  thhigs 
"lOO  tedivjvis  to  mention"— such  principal  laws  of 
t^.e  Uniled  States  as  may  be  passed  by  the  present 
Kcssicn  of  coTigress,  at  the  time  it  is  published; — a 
cc:uidcral;le  qviantity  of  neglected    public    docu- 
inei.'s  i.ud  papers,   of  various  descriptions;  narra- 
;if."f;  or'  past  events,  at  home  and  abroad;  a  mass  of 
/  ri  ij;;i  ;:t:itc  papers,  &,c,  with  a  jourivd  kept  at  Pa- 
.-  i'n^ring  the  laie  momentous  events  there,  b)' a 
.■■;!  :g-ui:ihed  American,  first  published  in  the  Itich- 
-  ■  ■■■  .'■?.:.;?/::er,  worth,  of  itscli",  the  whole  charge; 
Aj^/.-i'iical  skeiches,  witliabody  of  miscel- 
■ :  :-i',)U£  p.'^d  interesting,  in  every  dcpiu-taient,  in 
:•■■['■■  :  >   rieludeai*  number  of  the  best  poeti- 
fcli   the  late  w«r  gave  rise  to.     AH 
"•    u'.'  ^:>-'.-  i-t  leitcted  with  tlic  most  sedulous  at- 
t  .(ion  tr  ihc-  giarid  object  of  acquinng  rdl  possible 
J. ^  .■,''.;; tier,  f>:.v  \'..  -  'vjrk,  as  a  book  of  reference,  in- 
■•"vi  ■'i.-Ki  a':-'!    •  :     ^mcnt  to  the  peoj)ie  of  the  U.^ited 
•  -        '  :,x  and  o^dition. 


J-<cgi stature  of  Pennsylvania, 

GOVERNOR'S  MESSAGE. 

To  the  Senate  and  Uouae  vf  liepresoitativcs  of  tSJe 
Commoniveulth  of  T'eunsi/lvaiiia. 
At  no  period  pf  our  existence  as  a  nation  has  oisr 
character  stood  so  deservedly  high  aitd  our  pros- 
pects been  so  bright  as  at  present.  Single  handed 
we  havt"  waged  a  glorious  war  against  a  nation  of 
all  others  most  able  and  willing  to  cripple  our  com- 
merce, annihilate  our  nav}-,  and  dry  up  the  sources 
of  our  independence  and  happiness.  An  honorable 
peace  has  brought  with  it  an  abuiidant  commerce,^ 
wliich  will  enable  om-  government  to  meet  all  de- 
mands and  provide  for  all  probable  future  wants.--— 
The  na\T,  which  in  oiu-  contest  with  Great  Britaiit» 
was  the"  first  and  the  last  portion  of  public  force' 
which  covered  itself  with  glory,  ond  the  nation  a* 
with  a  shield,  has,  within  a  few  montlis,  carried  our 
fame  into  other  nations,  and  conquered  another  ene- 
my.  After  liberating  our  captive  fellow-citizens, 
it  dictated  the  terms  of  peace.  The  Barliarian  pi- 
rates, that  for  centuries  have  plundered  and  extort, 
ed.  tribute  from  all  Europe,  have  been  humbled  by 
the  youngest  nation  of  the  earth.  'I'he  crescent  of 
the  cast  has  been  eclipsed  by  the  rising  star  of  the 
west,  and  we  should  be  more  or  less  than  men,  if 
these  repeated  gallant  achievements,  of  our  coun- 
trymen at  home  and  abroad,  did  r.ot  make  »\s  proud> 
of  the  name  of  Americans;  a  pride  which  it  is  ho- 
norable to  cherish,  and  which  1  trust  will  be  che- 
rished, until  every  man  who  is  entitled  to  the  ap- 
pellation will  feel  so  much  of  its  dignity  as  to  make 
it  a  respectable  passport  throug-hout  the  world. 

Since  the  meeting  of  the  last  legi.slature,  events 
the  most  important,  extraordinary  and  unexpected,, 
have  agitated  and  convulsed  Europe.     An  individu- 
al, attended  by  a  body  guard,  confiding  in  the  af- 
fection of  tlie  people  and  the  devotion  of  tlie  army, 
landed  on  the  shores  of  France.     His  name,  the  he-^ 
raid  of  his  glory,  was  hailed  with  acclamations;  he 
rode  as  in  a  triumplud  car  to  the  capital;   not  aa 
arm  nor  a  voice  was  raised  against  him,  and  he  was 
in  a  few  days  seated  on  the  throne  which  a  Bourbon 
had  hastily"  abdicated.     The  sovereigns  of  Europe 
combinedagainst  the  man  whom   a  nation  had  wel. 
comed.     Thev   poured   their  armies  upon  France 
like  a  mightv"  torrent,  and  a  single  but  sanguinary 
battle  decided  the  fate  of  that  kingdom,  and  hurled 
from  his  throne  that  man  w  hose  genius  and  talents 
had  caused  kings  and  empires  to  forget  their  hatred 
and  unite  agidnst  this  mighty  one  as  the  commou- 
encmy  of  all.     The   allied  armies  entered  France, 
and  compelled  her   to   drink  deep   of  vhe  cup    oi 
which  (*he  had  made  others  taste.     Fi-ance,  tlte  first 
and  m.ost  fahhful  ally  of  the  United  States,  is  de- 
vastateil  and  dismembered  by  foreign  arms,  while 
those  of  her  own  children,  instead  of  being  turned- 
against  the  invaders,  arc  employed  in  destroying' 
each  oUier.     United,  they  woidd  have  stemmed  thd> 
tide  (jf  invasion  and  turned  back  tlie  waters  of  bit- 
terncss  upon  those  who  are  now  consuming  theii*^ 
means  of  subsistence,  violating  the  dearest  objects 
of  their  love,  and  turning  them  from  their  homes, 
hungrv  and  houseless.     As  human  beings  we  must 
feel   tor  our  fellow  men,   nor  can    we  help  feeling 
acutely  for  the  sorrows  and  suflcrings  of  those  who 
stood  'firmly  wivli  us  in  our  day  of  adversity,  who 
with  their  arms  assisted   to  raise,  and   with  tjieir 
blood  to  cement,    the   glorious    temple  v-hlch   wc- 
raised  to  i'.ulcpendence.     Sliall  those  awful  dispen- 
sations of  Uivinc  Providence  pass  before  u-.  witliout. 
oar  being  dceplv  impressed  with  the  baieiiij  conse- 
quences of  being  a  divided  people?  V.  c  miiKt  un:^ 
ifpoD  national  ground;  v.e  mimt  fhe-isti  3  nftjorfti} 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— PENNSYLVANIA, 


8B- 


>  S]bint  and  bGcome  an  united  people  agrtinst  all  fo- 
I'cig'n  foes;  or  (wliich  God  forbid)  tlie  day  may  come 
wiieii  we,  like  the  people  of  France,  in  sack-clotli 
and  aslies  may  ^veep  over  tlie  ruins  of  our  mihappy 
iand  dismembered  country.  The  page  ofhistorj'is 
full  of  the  most  impre<isive  lessons,  but  if  any  one 
truth  l)e  more  repeatedly  or  impressively  illustrated, 
it  is  the  necessity  of  union  amongst  the  people. — 
Let  lis  be  wise,  and  profit  by  the  e:;perience  of  ages. 
In  our  late  war  we  had  too  mucli  of  contention,  loo 
much  of  division,  but,  Heaven  be  praised,  with  all 
our  embarrassments  and  all  our  drawbacks,  a  just 
and  glorious  wai-  has  been  terminated  by  an  honora- 
ble peace.  Long  may  the  peace  continue;  long  may 
the  nation  repose  in  honor  and  safety  on  tlie  laurels 
.  with  which  our  faithful  militia,  our  brave  army,  and 
g^dlant  navy  have  profusely  strewed  the  land,  the 
ocean  and  the  lakes.  The  best  way  to  preserve 
peace,  is  to  be  prepared  for  war.  We  live  in  an 
eventful  age,  and  duty  requires  prudent  prepara- 
tions to  meet  those  dangers  whicli  jealou.sf,  hatred 
and  envy  may  engender.  The  late  war  has  done 
more  to  secure  the  permanence  of  our  republican 
institutions  and  to  establish  for  us  a  character  a- 
broad,  than  its  most  zealous  advocates  and  most 
♦anguine  friends  could  have  hoped.  It  iias  shewn 
Us  our  strength  and  our  weaknesses,  and  we  owe  it 
to  ourselves,  aur  posterity  and  mankind,  to  profit 
by  the  knowledge  thus  acquired. 

During  the  late  war  the  soil  of  this  commonwealth 
was  never  trodden  by  an  hostile  foot,  yet  it  had  at 
one  time  a  greater  number  of  militia  and  volunteers 
in  tlie  service  of  tlie  United  States  than  were  at 
tny  time  in  the  field  from  any  othei-  state  in  the  uni- 
t>n.  Our  militia  and  volunteers  wore  actually  en- 
gaged with  the  enemy  in  Canada,  on  Lake  Erie,  at 
Baltimore  and  elsewhere,  and  stood  ready  to  repel 
him  from  the  states  of  New- York  and  New-Jersey. 
These  are  proud  facts  for  I'ennsylvania,  and  1  covdd 
not  deny  mj'selftlie  gratification  of  placing  them, 
M'ithout  comment,  before  our  fellow-citizens;  not, 
liov.-evcr,  without  chcrisliing  the  hope  that  they 
may  stimulate  to  such  legislative  proceedings  as 
'shall  make  the  militia  tlie  best  and  safest,  as  it  ir.u.st 
always  be  the  siu'est,  instrument  for  the  support  of 
national  independence,  and  the  preservation  of  in- 
i^ernal  tranquility. 

Experience  htui  sliewn  the  futility^of  the  idea  of 
•Converting  every  man  into  a  soldier.  Ar.  efHcient 
■defence  must  in  my  judgment  be  sought  ia  a  seictt 
militia.  Such  a  body,  always  organized,  disciplin- 
ed and  well  appointed,  can  on  any  emergency  be 
promptly  brought  into  tlie  field;  and  so  long  as  t'rec- 
<lom  is  appreciated  and  patriotism  inlierited  from  a 
.brave  ancestry,  we  shall  never  v.-ant  abundant  ma- 
terials to  form  sucli  a  force.  To  attain  tliis  desira- 
ble object,  it  would  seem  only  necessary  to  add  and 
ii»t«ii-the  spirit  that  animates  our  youth,  by  graJit- 
.ingimmuuiiics  to  those  who  shall  enrol  themselves 
in  select  corps  to  serve  such  a  period  as  may  be  fix- 
~ed  by  law,  liolding  forth  to  him  wjio  honur"al>ly  dis- 
charges Lis  duty,  future  exemption  from  service, 
a  liberal  renivuicration  for  tlie  uuiforui  and  accou- 
trements farnislicd  by  him,  and  fur  t!ie  time  he  shall 
have  spent  in  acquiring  the  art  of  war.  It  is  v,-ell 
observed,  i;i  tlie  farewell  address  of  the  great  and 
good  Washington,  that  "linicly  disbursements  ty 
^prepare  for  danger,  frequently  prevent  greater  dis- 
bursements to  repel  it."  The  whole  male  popula- 
tion between  certain  ages  might  be  held  ia  reserve, 
©nroUcil  and  rau^.tered  perhaps  once  a  year.  The 
quantity  of  labor  which  would  be  performed  by  this 
latcer  body  ou  those  days  now  spent  in  atuniptiiig 
■'^  teach  tkciB  tke  .mittary  art,  werildbe.in  Tulue 


equal  to  the  expense  which  ought  to  be  incurred  In~ 
organizing  and  equippuig  a  very  consitlerablc  bodr- 
of  select  militia.  I  cannot  dismiss  tliis  sulijccr-, 
without  declaring  my  conviction  that  the  late  wa:- 
lias  manifested  tlie  patience  under  pri^Mtions,  the 
military  ardor,  and  innate  courage  of  our  fellow-ci- 
tizens. In  the  south,  where  diflcrence  of  languagt*, 
of  iiabit,  and  even  of  national  prejudice ;,  tendciK 
to  di.sunite  and  distract,  yet  all  wore,  tlinmgli  ,k-- 
licate  attentions,  sagacity,  firmness  «kI  super-emi- 
nent qualifications  of  one  of  the  first  liciocs  of  the 
age,  made  subservient  to  the  gencrid  weal,  sources 
of  the  most  honorable  emulation,  and  causc-i  o;\Iu:, 
most  glorious  triumph. 

Tjie  reports  of  the  brigade-inspectors  made  agree*, 
ably  to  law,  of  the  arms,  animimitioii,  miiixai--  store.? 
and  camp  equipments,  ia  their  res])ective  brigades^ 
exhibit  much  valuable  property,  some  of  it  in  .such 
a  state  as  to  impress  the  legislature  with  the  neces- 
sity of  collecting  it  into  dep^jts  uhere  it  can  re- 
ceive the  attention  necessary  to  prescsve  it  from  dce- 
trnciton  I  would  suggest  that  an  arscn;d  for  .sucii. 
purposes  be  built  at  the  seat  of  govciTimcnt,  an4 
another  some  where  near  Lake  Eric.  Of  the  ri tie, 
so  destructive  tn  an  enemy  in  the  ijr.nds  of  our  har^ 
dy  woodsmen,  tliere  are  few  the  property  of  l-ie 
state.  I  would  recommend  tlie  purchase  of  scmCj 
and  an  increase  also  of  field  ordnance. 

The  loan  also  of  ^300,000,  directed  bv  a  l.r.v  r.C- 
the  last  legislature,  to  enable  the  United'Sl:itv.-a  ta 
pay  the  Penr;sylvania  rjiilitia  and  volunteers  v.ii,)  Jisd 
beeniu  service  the  last  campaign,  was  cfl'ectedlr. 
soon  as  practicable:  Unfortunately  tlie  suni  '■v:\:s  mz 
sufficient  to  pay  all  who  were  entitled,  ■s.ul  cor.- 
gress  not  having  made  any  appropriation  ofmonlc:* 
for  tlie  payment  of  mililia,  some  remain  unpa  id  evt-u 
at  this  late  period.  If  any  tiling  should  ];revcr.t 
congress  from  promptly  attending  to  tiii-i  stihie.:;;-,! 
would  recommend  an  additional  lo;in  to  onuble 
government  to  jiay  those  meritorious  ciii^-en ;  who 
are  yet  unpaid.  LegLsLuive  exposition  is  required 
of  the  lavr-  giving  additional  jiuy  out  (if  the  staii; 
treasury,  to  our  milili.i  wliile  in'tiie  stivice  of  the. 
United  .States.  It  ii  doubted  whetlicr  tl:e  provision 
of  the  law  extends  to  and  embraces  tLe  cases  of 
those  of  our  militia  who  had  been  ordered  into  the 
service,  but  who  v.crc  arrested  on  the''lr  march  bv 
the  order  of  tlie  secretary  at  war  b-.fjrc  thev  t.rrN 
ved  at  the  pljce  ofrendcivotjs. 

A  declaratory  law  appears  ?;ecc2sary  to  i):-tV2iU  ii 
certsin  cases  a  deprivation  <sf  tlie  elective  franchise;. 
The  letter  of  th?  constitution  dots  r.ot,  as  ii  found 
in  practice,  secure  that  invaituible  riglit  to  all  Vhos'.: 
who  are  believed  to  be  within  tiie  spirit  of  lis  (.'■ua- 
rantce  It  is  submitted  to  your  consideration  wii'g. 
Iher,  under  legisLtive  piovisioi;s..  the  quaUficaiio'u.s 
necessary  to  exercise  the  ri;i-ht  of  sutji-uge  mav  not 
be  more  clearly  defined  and  bc-ttcr  sectiixd,  ti'an  if 
all  casci  of  doubt  are  left  to  the  deoisiun'of  iiTc-j- 
ponsiblc  oincers,  v/hose  decisions  on  .■iimilnr  pjiuts 
arc  as  dissiniiUir,  as  are  tiie  f-tdr.gs,  jirejudiccs  r'ii- 
opinions  of  the  diilerent  intliviiluiiis  v/no  coristitui.c 
the  various  election  tribanals  throu-Iiout  the  stata, 

Relieved  from  the  vjirious  and  coiuplicatcd  duties 
incident  to  a  state  of  v/ar,  the  logislaturc  v/ill  Uii-i'i 
more  of  their  alteulion  to  the  vultlvatioa  of  the 
artsofpcicc  a!id  the  amelioraiion  of  such  of  oilr 
laws  as  may  be  fo.md  to  iiave  any  unsound  analotrv 
to  the  scveil.y  of  European  policv.  First  in  oVd -• 
and  first  in  the  interest  of  luim.uiitv,  .stat;  h  -  cora* 
pletely  revised  penal  code.  The  materials 'pi  ^ he 
report  of  tiic  attorney -general,  imd  reports  un'Mdih 
Of  late  legislatures  <„i  thi.s  subject,  will,  it  is  hooped 
ce  fvund  SO  ample  as  jjret'.tly  to  ligcten  tl>i;  l-hjn' 


.     ^)0^ 


54      NILES    WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  1816. 


of  p^-rachuiting-  a  scale  of  crimes  and  proportionate  higlnvay  is  on  trial  not  sustained,  it  ought  for  obvi 


t:0 

sitli 
f.. 


ace 
1  es' 


ij  opp: 


ous  reasons  to  be  provided,  that  the  prosecutor  shalt 
not  be  liable  for  costs,  unless  there  be  evident  ma- 
lice and  want  of  probable  cause. 

The  object  in  the  contemplation  of  a  late  legisla- 
ture, in  having  reported  by  the  judges  of  tlie  su- 
preme court,  such  parts  of  the  English  statute  law 
as  are  in  force  in  tliis  state,  is  confidently  anticipat- 
ed from  the  present  genei'al  assembly. 

No  sufficient  reason  presents  itself  to  my  mind, 
wliy  the   tiiid  of  issues  in  fact  is  imposed   on  the 
judges  of  the  supreme  court:  so  mucli  time  is  there- 
by consinried,  as  makes  it  impossible  for  them  to 
hold  the  conrts  of  error  twice  a  year.     I  would  siig. 
gest  a  provision  for   the   trial  and   disposal  oiher- 
wise  of  such  cau.ses,  and  anhijunction  that  the  su- 
preme court  be  held  twice  a  year  in  each  of  the  se- 
veral districts  of  the  state.     That  an  ailowunce  by  a 
judge  must  be  liad  before  a  writ  of  error  or  of  cer- 
tiorari can  issue,  pi-oves  often  derogatory  to  person- 
al liberty.     Those   writs,  because   the  judge  who 
allows  tiiem  has  no  discretion,  might  with  safety  be 
sued  out  from  the  supreme  court  and  courts  of  com- 
mon   ipleas  respectively,    Mithout  such   allowance, 
and  the    ufhduvits  required  onthose  issuhig  from 
the  latter  court,  might  be  taken  before  the  protho- 
notary  or  before  a  justice  of  the  peace.     Arbitrators, 
it  would  seem,  agreeably  to    a   decision  of  tlie  su- 
preme   court,  cannot  non-suit  a  plaintiff".     Should 
they  not  possess  this  power,  so  that  they  may  not 
be  reqiiired  to  try  a  cause  where  there  is  no  evi- 
dence.' Powers  co-extensive  with  those  of  the  su- 
preme com-t  to    reverse  arbitration    proceedings, 
ought  to  be  vested  in  the  courts  of  comiuon  pleas, 
which  now  seem  to  be  denied  to  the  latter.     Under 
tlie  arbitration  law  of  1810,  the  plaintiff'  appealing 
gives  bail   for  the  money;  but  the  defendant,  who 
generally  is  under  the  temptation  to  appeal  for  de- 
lay, is  only  required  to  enter  special  bail.     Thi.s  re- 
quires correction.     The  defendant  should  certainly 
not  appeal  wiUi   greater   facility  than  the    pLiintiff^ 
Tiie  siiveties  of  sheriff's  are    now  exoner;ited  at  the 
end  of  two  years  after  the  office  expires,  a  period 
too  short  for  the  dcvelopement  of  the  various  trans- 
actions incident  in  many  counties  to  that  office.     I 
woul.t  recommend  that  sheriff  's  bonds  hereafter  to 
be  tukcn,  as  respects  their  sureue.^,    should  be  of 
force  for  five  years  after  the  expiration  of  the  office. 
The  ambigui-Ly  in  the  20t]i  section  of  a  law,  passed 
24.1  h  of  February    1729—30,  er.tilled   "An  act  foB 
tl;e  relief  of  insolvent  debtors  wilhin   the  province' 
of  Pennsylvania,"  declaring  who  nhall  not  be  elect- 
ed    sherlii',  has  created   much  difficulty.     I    would 
rcconmiendcd    the   repeal   oftliut  section,  and  the 
As"it  ficqucp.ily  happens  that  pcrson^s i  enactment  of  a  law  amply  guardijig  the   citizen  a- 
cd  of  tlie  higlu  r  g-ade  of  offences  are  not  ar-  gainst  oppression  by  the  officer,  and  defining  clear- 
l  ini.-l  .'icciHc;!  hi  lime,  so  that  a  prccc-pt  can|ly  incompaiibiliiies.     Shcriff'''s    omitting  to    return 

judiciul  v.rits  at  or  Ijefore  tiie  day  they  are  returna- 
hii ,  o;uht  to  be  personally  rcbponsible,  unless  it 
fUippcned  from  some  unavoidable  cause. 

Tiie  j-!e.'>ple  are  frequeniiy  subject  to  laws  for 
months  before  they  are  promulg:.ted. — Tins  is  much 
complahiedof  and  ought  to  be  remedied,  by  direct^ 
ing  that  laws  of  a  general  nature,  taking  cff't  cl  within 
six  numths  after  tlieir  passage,  sludl  be  published  in 
newspaiicrs.  Decisions  by  courts  of  law  whicli 
regard  acts  of  assembly,  should  be  represented  t* 
tlie  kgislaturc;  and  uniformity  of  decision  on  simi* 
iar  points  would  more  generally  prevail  throughout 
t!ie  state,  if  written  decisions  and  all  others  of  im- 
portance made  and  pronounced  by  courts,  were 
reporceJ  and  publi:,iied.  Tiiese  subjects  being  for 
the  most  part  intimately  connected  with  tlie  admi- 
nistration of  justice,  criminal  and  civil,  will,  I  fee* 
Ksswed;  engage  vQur  serwus  coosider^two- 


junuslinicnts.  A  system  of  criminal  jurisprudence 
wliich  shall,  as  far  as  human  laws  can,  shield  per- 
sons and  property  against  outrage  or  injustice,  and 
yet  be  tempered  with  mercy  and  mildness,  is,  I  am 
confident  e\i)ected  by  the  christian  and  philanthro- 
pist. In  the  cor.templatcd  system,  it  is  hoped,  will 
be  introduced  ample  provision  for  the  suppression 
of  vice.  In  addition  to  what  oit  this^  subject  is  men- 
tioned ill  a  communicaiion  I  had  the  honor  to  make 
to  a  foinicr  legislature,  dated  December  10th,  1813, 
to  wliich  I  beg  leave  to  refer,  permit  me  to  suggest 
tliC  propriety  of  prex'enting,  as  well  the  demondi- 
zing  practice  of  holding  unauthorized  fairs,  and  of 
.«o  regulatint^  those  that  are  authorised,  as  to  pre- 
vent their  being  scenes  of  dissipation  and  vice,  rath- 
er tlum  marts  fi^r  the  purpose  of  sale  and  barter, 
as  the  preventing  also  the  violation  of  the  law  against 
•lotteries.  Its  penalties  are  openly  evaded,  under 
the  specious  name  of  "distribiUion  of  property;"  by 
tiiis  ingenious  device,  swindling  is  practised  to  an 
cnoniious  an;ount.  It  would  in  a  great  measiu'e 
prcNfntor  at  least  tend  to  lessen  the  evils  of  drun- 
kenness, if  the  property  of  habitual  drunkards  were 
placed  in  the  hands  of  trustees,  x\ithout  v/hose  con- 
sent debts  .subsequently  contracted  l)y  any  such 
mentally  diseased  person,  should  by  law  be  Irre- 
coverable. 

l-'rcquent  and  serious  reflection  has  confirmed  the 
EUggtstions  made  in  the  commimication  above  allu- 
ded to,  tliat  the  residts  of  forfeited  recognrzances 
in  cases  of  personal  wrong,  ought  of  right  to  be  ap- 
plied to  remunerate  the  parties  injured;  also  as  to 
the  modific:iiioii  of  the  sums  to  be  paid  for  tavern 
licences:  ]:rovisioii  to  be  made  to  prevent  the  too 
fi-cquent  setting  aside  the  verdicts  of  juries  (now 
bt  ei^me  more  neceiisary,  when  new  trials  are  order- 
ed for  reasons  having  no  bearing  upon  the  merits 
of  tlic  matter  in  controversy:)  respecting  larcenies 
committed  m  itliout  tiie  state:  the  inefficiency  of  the 
writ  of  habciis  corpus:  the  fi-equeni  applications  for 
p;.rcloii,  and  tlie  w:mt  of  a  court  of  re\  ision  in  capi- 
ca.s'-s.  I  iieg  leave  to  introduce  to- your  notice 
),  thai  iti":ix;!icntly  occurs  in  counties  where  tlic 
liccu-irt of  quarter  session.-;  is  limited  to 
tour  (Lays,  that  crinilnals  cannot  be  sentenced,  be- 
cause a  verdict  of  guilty  is  not  found  within  thid 
por^-.-d.  Kirprisoiiment  to  tlie  next  term  is  the  con- 
seipiciice,  costs  :.rc  incurred  and  the  escape  of  tlie 
crii:i;i;:d  iiaziiriif-.l.  For  rciTicdy.  I  would  recom- 
iiiei:d  a  roijiinuance  of  tha;  co^irt  dui-inr;  the  week 
i;i  V,  i'.!,:.ii  ji  coiiiviior.cc!!,  ;.i. a  a  continuance  so  mucb 
lon;ver  as  in-;y  i;e  iicces.s.u'y  to  completely  end  by 
vc:\lict  aiul;iiid:<me:\t  any  c-iuse  commenced  duiinir 
H:'i<l  week 


11  a  sccu 
i;^  ;-;c  f'.r 

and  terminer,  1   would  propose  that  at  ;i  court 
t;u:.vter    sessions,    the  president    being  present, 


and  general  gaol  de'ive- 


Cwvi;  c  v/f  oyer  and  terminer 

vy  m:.y  be  opened  and  held,  though  no  precept  for 

tjiatnai  ;;030  uiav  have   bce:i  irreviouslv   issued.     I 

wjuiil  propci-..',  ;<-b;o,  tlir.t  ^e;i';c  ion  be  pimislied  as 

it    cri;ii;:!a!    infenee.     T 

Mronufviliv  accuij'eci  of  c; 


;  law  by 
:cs  :.ndiiii 


wliich    persons 


compelled  to  pay  tlie  co:;t3  cf  tiiei 


.ive  antl  disshullar 


to   tne 


tcirieanors  arc 
ow  n  witnesses, 
usiipe  in  other 


oi!t;b.t  to  be  provided,  tliat  where  there- 
turn  of  ignoramus  is  made  by  a  grand  jury,  or  wdiere 
on  li'i^l  a  verdict  ofnot  guilty  is  reiiciered,  and  the 
prosecutor  is  ordertd  to  pa}"  costs,  the  juries  shall 
respectively  determine',  v.iietlier  the  defendant's 
(■fi3;s  shall  be  p.iid  by  liie  prosecutor  or  by  himself. 
IfwiitHUttment  {'.-VBr  iiw.i,;,in.«9  in  ;'.pubU«  ro;id,  gj; 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REeHSTER—OHIO  LEGISLATURE. 


585 


The  subject  of  manufactures,  from  full  experience  (reasonable  expenditure  for  the  farther  improvemerit 
during'  the  restrictive  system  and  the  war,  is  now  of  the  state,  whicli  tlie  ])rev:(iHn.G^  spirit  of  liberal 


$0  well  understood  as  respects  the  practicability  of 
advantageously  caiTying'  them  on,  as  to  the  kind 
of  goods  wliich  may  be  made  and  the  quality  and 
durability  of  the  articles  which  have  had  a  fair  ex- 
periment among-st  us,  that  it  is  deemed  unnecessary 
to  urge  arguments  in  tlieir  suppoi-t.  The  general 
government,  fully  aware  of  the  importance  of  the 
subject,  will  it  is  c-ontidently  hoped,  follow  the 
dictates  of  political  wisdom,  and  protect  our  manu- 
facturers against  injurious  foreign  competition  or 
combination  :  a  contrary  course  would  protract  the 
long  and  anxiously  sought  real  independence  of  our 
country,  and  again  impose  on  us  a  dependence 
ilmost  colonial. — So  far  as  individual  state  means 
can  aid  national  measures  for  the  promotion  of  this 
and  other  desirable  objects,  we  may  confidently 
pledge  the  co-operation  of  faithful  Pennsylvania, 
who  we  anticipate  will  soon  take  a  conspicuous  and 
permanent  rank  amongst  manufacturing  nations. 

At  no  time  since  the  existence  of  our  govern- 
ment, was  the  utility  and  value  of  inland  navigation 
more  clearly  evinced  than  during  the  late  war.  The 
embarrassments,  disappointments  and  losses  to  the 
government  and  citizens,  consequnet  from  the  want 
of  tliat  mode  of  intercourse  and  transportation,  for 
wai'like  as  well  as  commercial  purposes,  have  been 


policy  can  dictate  to  a  wise  and  prudent  legislature. 
For  proof  of  how  little  the  just  and  necessary 
war  in  which  the  nation   has   been   engaged  has 
obstructed  the  channels  of  wealth,  and  for  evidence 
of  the  continued  happiness  and  general  prosperity 
of  the  state  Pcimsylvanina  exultingly  look  to  the 
man}-  and  lately  erected  monuments  of  public  spirit^ 
amongst  wliicli  are  seen,  bridges  over  the  Delaware 
and  Schuylkill,  and  four  over  the   bold   and  rapid 
Susquchannah.     Three  of  them   completed  within 
three  years  from  the  commencement  of  the  work, 
and  the  fourth  at  the  seat  of  government  rapidly 
progressing.      A  bridge  is  also    building   at  Ber» 
wick  over  the  N.  E.  branch  of  the  Susquehannah.  A 
turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  by  way  of  Reading- 
to  Sunbury,  is  extending  itself  towards  Erie.dividing- 
the  state  into  two  nearly  equal  triangles.     Another 
turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  byway  of  Lancas- 
ter, is  progressing  along  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  state  towards  Pittsburg,  a  phice  which  bids  fau* 
to  be  the  great  manufactuting  mart  of  western  Ame- 
rica. A  general  spirit  of  public  and  private  liberality 
observable   in   every  section  of  the  state — an  vui- 
paralleled  progi-ess  of  arts  and  manufactures — vast 
and  valuable  agricultural  improvements,  abundant 
harvests  and  consequent  increase  of  wealth — these 


inestimable  principles  of  religious,  civil  and  politi- 
cal liberty,  and  to  be  duly  grateful  for  the  favors 
lavished  upon  us  by  him,  wko  is  the,  giver  of  all 


so  manifest,  that  further  excitement  than  a  reference  indisputable  and  unerring  indications  of  a  pros- 
to  the  example  and  projects  of  our  sister  states  and  perous  community,  are  amongst  the  blessings  whicli 
other  nations  is  deemed  to  be  useless.  It  may,  copiously  flow  from  a  rational  government  adiKi- 
however,  be  proper  to  add,  that  notwithstanding  mistered  hy  the  people's  agents  for  the  people's 
appropriations  of  near  a  million  of  dollars  of  the  good.  May  we  continue  duly  to  appreciate  thosei 
public  treasure  during  a  short  period,  and  the 
extraordinary  expences  of  the  state  during  the  vnt.r, 
our  resources  are  unimpaired,  and,  united  with 
individual  wealth  and  enterprize,  are  equal  to  the 
accomplishment  of  any  practicable  water  communi- 
cation. I  presume  again  to  invite  your  attention  to 
those  two  highly  important  objects  :  the  connection 
of  the  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  and  the  Delaware, 
and  those  of  the  Susquehanna  and  the  Schuylkill. 

On  the  subject  of  education,  I  regret  to  say,  that 
of  the  many  seminaries  throughout  the  state  which 
have  been  aided  by  grants  from  the  legislature,  few 
have  gone  into  operation  on  a  liberal  scale,  and  those 
are  unprosperous  for  the  want  of  sufficient  funds. 


good. 

I  am  persiraded  that  yoiu-  sound  judgments  anj. 
piu-e  motives,  aided  by  local  knowledge  and  a 
concentration  of  public  opinion  from  every  p:u-t  of 
the  state,  will  readily  discern  and  promptly  adopu 
those  plans  Avhich  viil  best  pn^mote  tlie  h.ippiness 
and  well  being  of  tiie  commonwealth;  and  I  promise 
a  cheerful  co-operation  in  all  measures  tending  to  a 
judicious  regulation  of  our  finances,  the  equal  dis- 
tribution of  justice,  the  promotion  of  useful  know- 
Icdjce,  and  generally  an  inculcation  and  fostering 


This  state  of  things  is  probably  owing  to  a  too  gene-  of  all  the  virtues  which  constitute  tlie  strength  and 
raldifiusion  of  individual  support  and  public  bounty,-]  can  alone  secure  permanence  to  governments,  found-, 
and  such  would  not  have  been  the  result,  if  en-|ed.  as  are  our  state  and  national  constitutions  oil 
dowments  by  the  legislature  kid  been  more  conso-lthe  equal  rights  of  man.  SIMON  SNYDER. 


nant  to  the  constitution  which  directs  that  "the  arts 
and  sciences  shall  be  promoted  in  one  or  more 
seminaries 'of  learning."  While  on  this  subject  I 
feel  it  a  duty  to  say,  that  from  various  considcralions 
and  local  causes,  the  injunction,  that  scluiols  be  es- 
tablished throughout  the  state  in  such  maimer  that 
the  poor  may  ha  taught  gratis  has  not  been  carried 
into  effect,  to  the  extent  nor  in  the  liberal  spirit  of 
that  instrument. 


Hmi-isbiLV^,  Bcc.  8,  IB  15. 

Legislature  of  Ohio. 

COVEUXOU'S  MES--J,ir.E, 

Ge}itlc:i)cn  of  tiic  .'^'e/iate 

and  of  t!t!  House  uf  Jiepvcseutr.thes. 
I  congratulate  you  on  tiie  happy  cliange  of  circum- 
stances, v/liich  has  taken  pbce  since  tlie  adjourn- 
It  is  with  high  gratification  I  refer  the  legislatiu-e}  mcnt  of  tlie  last  general  assembly.  It  has  pleased 
to  the  auditor  general's  exposition  of  the  ll?\anci;d; the  Almighty  Sovei-eign  of  tne  universe,  to  restore 
concerns  of  the  commonwealth.  So  abundant  has' peace,  with  all  its  blessings,  to  our  beloved  country, 
been  our  revenue,  that  of  tiie  debt  of  300,000  dol-j  When  we  retrospect  and  consider,  that  we  were 
lars,  contracted  under  an  act  passed  the  25:h  of | engaged,  single  handed,  in  a  v.ar  with  one  of  the. 
February  1814,  to  p.iy  expenses  incident  to  the  war,  1  most  powerf  il  nations  on  eaitii ;  that  t!ie  war  wa^ 
there  remains  unextinguished  but  4j,000  dollars.  \v:U';c'd  by  tliat  naiion  with  tlie  most  vindictive  fury  ; 
This  balance  could  now  be  paid,  but  will  not  be  thai  certain  portions  of  the  union,  to  say  the  least,, 
received  before  it  is  due  agreeably  to  the  contract,  i  were  lukewarm  in  the  pro,sccution  of  the  war  ;  that 
And  we  have  a  well  groujtded  hope  soon  to  cxtin-|our  liberties  and  indep«eudcnce  were  menaced;  and 
guish  the  loan  to  the  state  of  the  other  3t)0,000  dol- 1  in  a  word,  every  thing  dear  to  us  jeopardized — with 
lars  first  above  alluded  to,  without  embarrassing!  what  gratitude  should  we  offer  the  most  sincere 
the  treasury,  and  of  meeting  also  in  due  time  any  i  thanks  to  Almighty  God,  for  the  restoration  of  that 
Unapplied  (or  fippropriatioiu,  as  wellag  Hi^ypi'Oj^al^ii^iJiappy  stutc  of  things  wkich  we  now  enjoy. 


O  <.'  f 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  /a^'UARY  27,  1816; 


The  brave  men  wlio  defended  the  country  in  its 
perils  and  difficulties,  vvlio  taught  an  invading  focj 
tliat  freemen  know  liow  to  defend  their  rights,  have 
ii  claim  to  our  grateful  acknowledgments. 

The  good  people  of.  Oliio  may  retrospect  with 
pleasure.  They  have  throiig!u)ut  the  struggle,  been 
faitliful  to  tliciiiselves  and  to  their  country.  They 
.have  with  hJclity  discharged  their  duty  to  tlie 
nation. 

Blessed  with  peace,  and  already  from  the  frultful- 
ncss  of  our  soil,  v.ilh  an  abundance  of  every  thing 
calculated  to  make  life  comfortable,  let  us  not  forget 
tiie  Almighty  and  Bountiful  Giverof  every  good  gift. 

Selected  by  your  fellow  citizens  for  the  most  im- 
portant purposes,  it  belongs  to  you  gentlemen,  to 
set  an  example  of  piety  and  gratitude  to  God,  and 
induslrv  and  moral  rectitude  in  the  discharge  of  ;he 
h.igldv  iiTiportant  duties  committed  to  you.  Your 
example  will  liavc  the  most  salutary  effect.  You 
iiave  the  most  wide  and  extended  field,  gentlemen, 
for  the  excicisc  of  your  t.tlents.  You  govern  and 
direct,  luider  Providence,  tlie  destinies  of  a  sove- 
reign and  independent  state — one  among  the  most 
flourishing  of  .1  great  republic. 

And  now  tlsat  we  Inive  peace  and  leisure  to  raviev.- 
the  past  and  r.v.iil  ourselv-es  of  the  lessons  experi- 
ence laug-ntus,  wh.ich  must  be  fresli  in  the  minds 
of  every  one,  it  becomes  the  sacred  duty  of  those 
to  whon\  the  people  have  committed  \\\c  manage- 
ment of  every  tiling  dear  to  them,  to  use  their  best 
exertions  to  promote  the  welfiire  and  happiness  of 
the  stale — to  develope  its  resources,  which  are 
U'tdy  great,and  call  tliem  into  action — to  provide  for 
fiiture  cxig-encies  by  the  establisliment  of  funds, 
whicii  may  be  resorted  to  in  times  of  difficulty  and 
necessity,  and  for  the  education  and  morals  of  the 
rising  ami  ftiture  generations,  are  duties,  wiiilst  they 
are  highly  import;ait,  I  am  persuaded,  will  be  high- 
ly pleasing  to  you. 

It  is  to  be  regretted,  that  the  legislature  is  so  re- 
stricted by  the  constiiution  as  to  be  unable  to  make 
any  material  chiuigein  our  judiciary  system.  I  have 
no  doubt,  but  it  will  iii  a  few  years,  become  abso- 
iuicly  necessary  to  resort  to  a  conuention,  to  alter 
this  part  of  the  constitiuion,  so  as  to  gi'*  e  more  ex- 
tensive poweis  to  the  legislature  :  indeed,  with  an 
mcicased  population  and  the  addition  of  the  new 
eo'.-tntii-s  wliicii  tiie  limits  of  the  state  will  justify, 
rhc  present  coiibtitutionul  p:«.v!sion  on  this  suljject 
cannot,  without  great  dii'Iiculties,  be  csirritd  into 
eilect.  Exjierience  h.\s  prtj'.cd  tliat  tlic  pre.-xiit 
"s-ystcrn  is  both  ex[)iiiijvc  and  iucoiuenioit.  W'he- 
tlier  any  advantage  will  result  from  the  addition 
of  a  fourth  judge  to  tiic  supreme  court  is  doiibtfal. 

1  recouiaicuvl  ltd.-,  subject  to  your  consideration, 
and  under  any  change  wiych  may  take  place,  Cuiunov 
'but  believe,  the  legislature  will  see  the  ]!ropricL\ 
ftf  increasing  the  suUries  of  the  judges  of  the  su- 
'preme  and  circi.iit  courts. 

"When  v,c  consider  Llie  continual  intercourse  aliso- 
lutely  nccess.uy  for  the  c,unfi)rt  and  convenience  of 
■■•Bocieiv,  the  gTeut  Importance  of  good  roads  wlncli 
ihay  facilitate  this  intercourse,  niusi  be  apparent  to 
the  most  feuperiiciai  observer.  The  preaeiu  systcru 
for  inii)rovJ!\g  our  roads  is  in  my  view  of  it  defective. 
TJic  iunitaliju  i:;  txK)  great  hotli  as  to  |;''i*sonal  la- 
bor and  taxes.  I'iicsc  are  not  Vi  ell  ariplied,  nor  is 
there  th»  projjer  vesponsil/dity. 

Tlie  ir.w  limits  pctsonul  iabor  on  the  pifulic  ro.'.da 
to  two  days  in  each  >  car,  and  the  tax  to  an  amount 
not  exceeding  the  county  tax.  Both  should  bo  in- 
ereased,  when  the  neceB,>sity  of  the  case  miky  require 
it.  The  supervisors  iu-e  tlie  frieiuls  and  neig.ibor- 
•f  fhcse  Called  Out  to  work  <ift  the  rsjd,  arc;  elected 


by  tliem,  and  when  called  out  it  too  often  happduu 
that,  either  from  fear  of  offending  or  other  causes^ 
the  time  is  spent  in  idleness,  or  the  little  labor 
bestowed  misapplied,  and  if  not  misapplied,  falls 
siiort  of  what  the  roads  require.  It  is  true,  the 
law  provides  for  inflicting  a  sufficient  penalty  on 
the  supervisors  who  fail  to  do  their  duty ;  but 
from  the  causes  abovementioncd,  no  one  will  take 
tlie  proper  steps  to  punish  delinquents.  Tlnis 
our  roads  are  neglected,  and  become  almost  im- 
passable, to  the  great  injury  of  the  passengers  and 
the  public  at  large.  The  act  gives  to  the  supervi- 
sor no  autliority  to  cut  timber  for  the  repair  of  the 
roads  ;  this  power  under  proper  restrictions,  is  ne- 
cessary. 

The  allowance  per  day  as  a  commutation  of  labor 
in  tlie  place  of  tax,  is  too  small.  I  recommend  to 
the  legislature  a  revision  of  the  act  entitled  "An 
act  for  opening  and  regulating  roads  and  highwaya," 
and  that  there  be  appointed  by  the  court  of  commoa 
pleas,  supervisors  on  all  the  principal  roads,  at  fixed 
periods  of  time  at  which  they  shall  be  reviewed  by 
three  freeholders  to  be  appointed  by  the  court, 
whose  report  shall  govern  the  court,  as  to  proceed-' 
ings  against  tlie  road  supervisors.  1  recommend  an 
increase  of  both  personal  labor  and  taxes,  where  ne- 
cessity requires  it.  Impressed  as  I  am,  it  becomes 
my  duty  to  recommend  to  the  legislature  a  chang-c 
in  the  manner  of  appropriating  the  fund  arising  on 
the  sale  of  pubiifc  lands,  applicable  to  making  and 
improving  public  roads  within  the  state. 

The  distribution  of  this  fund  among  the  counties, 
I  am  induced  to  believe  is  productive  of  i^'ff,  if  any,, 
salutary  consequences  to  the  public,  except  the  cir- 
culation of  the  amount  distributed,  whilst  it  is  at- 
tended with  many  of  a  pernicious  nature.  The 
money  goes  into  the  hands  of  a  road  commissioner, 
who  is  not  under  sufficient  responsibility  for  its  ap- 
piicaiion,  snd  expends  it  witli  little  or  no  advantage 
to  the  public  ;  for,  even  if  lie  is  faithful,  the  sum 
is  so  small  as  to  produce  no  valuable  effect. 

The  peojde,  nudcing  large  calculations  on  this 
fund,  work  on  the  roads  with  reluctiuice  ;  and  thi» 
is  not  all ;  its  equal  distribution  has  become  the  sub- 
ject of  eiectioueering  intrigue. 

I  am  persuaded  that  it  is  only  necessary  to  brings 
to  the  notice  of  tlie  legislature  iiie  evils  resulting 
from  the  practice  heretofore  on  tliis  subject,  to  en- 
sure a  remedy,  and  a  more  beneficial  result  to  tlie 
people  of  the  state. 

Of  tliis  fund,  ^172,925  Jiavc  already  been  nppro- 
priiited  by  iiiegeuei'ai  assembly  of  Ohio,  at  different 
times.  I  feel  cor.hdent  that  it  has  not  left  such  per- 
manent inrproveiiients  in  our  roads  .as  we  ouglit  t» 
cxpec.  from  iheexpeiulituic  of  so  large  a  sum  ;  and 
I  regret  that  instead  of  expending  any  pai't  of  it  a» 
has  been  done,  tiie  kgislatiu-e  did  not  vest  the 
amount  as  it  was  received  in  some  profitable  stocky 
the  interest  on  uiiich  mia:ht  also  Lave  been  invested' 
in  like  stock,  until  a  capital  v«-ould  have  s.ccumulat- 
ed,  the  intere.iL  on  wnicii  W(.,-ald  have  enabled  the 
legislature  in  a  shor^  'dme,  .vith  tiie  sud  of  compa-- 
nies,  to  have  in  ule  permanent  and  durable  the  prirt- 
li.il  and  most  useful  roads  in  tlie  state.  It  might  be 
shewn,  l!iat  if  this  fund  had  been  applied  as  \\vai 
been  mentioned,  for  tlie  last  ten  years,  the  annual 
interest  on  it,  at  tins  time,  might  be  made  to 
e.-?ceedthe  present  receipts  Irom  the  United  States 
aiul  appiopriaiioii  by  the  legislature.  I  iuae  taken 
tins  view  of  the  application  of  tiiis  fund,  to  siiew  the 
legislature  what  may  be  done  witJi  it  in  future  if 
rightly  applied.  If  we  examine  the  results  likely 
i>)  be  pi-oduccd  by  the  congress  of  tlie  United  States, ' 
frrm  the.  uppH«a*ion  6S.  a  ic:i3  futrd  cm  tfce  nationai 


KlLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— OHIO  LEGISLATURE^ 


88r 


TQad,  commencmg  at  Cumberland,  in  Man'land,  and 
leading'  towards  Ohio,  it  will  be  found  the  views 
token  are  perfectly  correct. 

It  is  deeply  to  be  regretted,  that  legislators,  like 
individuals,  are  lOO  apt  to  act  upon  the  apparently 
pressing-  expedient  of  tlie  moment.  We  know  it  is 
not  wise  in  individuals  to  do  so,  even  for  their  short 
lives,  much  less  so  for  a  legislature,  whicli  has 
the  power  of  governing  for  succeeding  generations. 
If  those  w!io  liave  gone  before  us  Jiadbeen  governed 
by  expediency,  and  such  a  course  had  been  adopted 
by  those  w  ho'  first  emigrated  to  this  continent,  to 
say  notJiing  of  tliose  to  whom,  under  Providence, 
we  are  indebted  for  the  liberty  and  happiness  we 
«njoy,  may  we  not  imagine  that  oui-  situation  would 
'have  been  widely  different  ? 

We  should  emulate  the  example  left  us,  and  con- 
stantly use  tjic  best  means  of  extending-  to  future 
generations  the  blessings  we  enjoy,  with  all  the  ad- 
ditions in  our  power.  I  recommend  to  the  considera- 
tion of  the  legislature,  should  they  still  deem  it 
best  to  expend  annually  the  amount  received  from 
the  United  States,  the  propriety  in  future  of  appro- 
priating this  fund  exclusively  to  the  construction 
and  repair  of  sucli  roads  as  may  be  considered  by 
tliem  the  most  important  and  useful,  passing 
■kliroughout  the  state ;  and  tliat  the  same  persons 
appointed  as  supervisors  of  roads  liave  the  applica- 
tion of  the  money  in  aid  of  county  funds  and  labor, 
who  shall  be  under  proper  lesponsibility  to  con- 
struct tlie  roads,  and  sach  bridges  as  are  necessary, 
in  the  most  substantial  and  parmanent  manner.- 
There  is  good  reason  to  believe,  the  improvements 
generally  attempted  to  be  made  on  our  roads,  are 
so  slight  as  to  make  it  accessary  to  repeat  the  at- 
tempt annually,  which  is  a  great  loss  of  time  and 
labor,  as  well  as  the  cause  of  great  inconvenience  to 
tile  community  at  large. 

It  is  certainly  the  province  of  the  general  govern- 
ment to  adopt  such  regulations,  for  national  de- 
fence and  security,  as  loit  shall  appear  best  calcu- 
lated to  promote  the  general  welfare  and  perpetu- 
ate the  union,  liberties  and  happiness  of  tlie  nation. 
Much,  however,  is  to  be  done  by  the  state  govern- 
ments. Tjiey  are  the  pillars  on  which  this  beautiful 
fabric,  tiie  "world's  last  hope,"  rests,  and  so  long 
as  each  performs  its  part  faithfully,  the  wiiole  will 
remain  firm  and  unshaken.  The  war  whicii  has  just 
closed,  affords  abund;uit  proof  of  the  truth  of  this 
yemark.  In  such  of  the  states  as  co-ojjerated  with 
the  national  government,  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
.war,  (the  enemy  was  every  where  repulsed,  with 
scarcely  a  single  exception ;  on  tlie  other  hand, 
•where  they  did  not,  a  diti'erent  result  was  produce<l. 
May  we  not  liopethat  in  future  wars,  (for  we  cannot 
expect,  however  desirable,  to  avoid  theni)  that  past 
experience  will  create  a  happy  i)ond  of  union,  from 
which,  under  Providence,  tlie  bc»t  eli'ccts  will  be 
produced. 

It  is  very  desirable,  indeed,  that  the  general  go- 
vei'nment  shouitl  adopt  one  general  cfreciivo  sys- 
tem for  the  discipline  and  _!i-overnment  of  the  mili- 


quires.  All  military'  government,  in  the  nature  oT 
tilings  is  despotic — it  is  uiiavoiduble — one  head 
must  direct,  and  the  whole  corps,  as  one  Iwnd, 
must  act  to  produce  any  valuable  cllect,  w.hethcr  iu 
time  of  war  or  in  peace,  wlien  discipline  is  to  be 
taught.  Without  strict  suljordination  and  pnnctu- 
ality,  no  good  result  can  be  produced — and  to  at- 
tempt to  infuse  into  a  milit.iry  code,  all  tiie  princi- 
ples which  govern  in  civil  life,  is  to  do  nothing  to- 
wards promoting  military  discipline.  I  ;;m  aware 
that  enjoying  civil  liberty  in  its  fullest  extent  a» 
we  do,  it  becomes  difficult  to  inculcate  audi  opin 
ions,  or  practice  on  sucli  principles,  yet  I  am  con- 
vinced, under  a  well  regulated  militia  system, 
with  officers  who  will  do  tlieir  duty,  much  is  to 
be  done  with  men  who  know  how  necessary  it 
is  to  be  prepared  to  dcfielid  the  precious  rights 
and  liberties  they  enjoy.  Tiie  olfucrs  first  in  rank, 
shovdd  be  the  first  to  set  an  example  of  puiictuality* 
in  the  performance  of  their  duties,  and  to  excite  in 
their  respective  military  corjis,  that  military  order, 
witliout  which  nothing  is  to  be  done  effectually. 

From  the  short  time  the  act  .entitled  'An  act  for 
organizing  and  disciplining  tlie  militia,'  lias  been  iu 
force,  little  opportunity  has  offered  to  decide  on  its 
practical  effects.  It  is,  however,  in  my  vi;!W  of  It, 
somewhat  defective,  and  fiom  the  best  refic<:t ion-, 
I  have  been  able  to  give  the  sulyect,  its  greatest 
defect  is,  llje  \vantof  .such  provisions  as  will  iiisiu'e 
its  faithful  execution  0!i  tlie  part  of  those  on  whom 
the  iTiQst  important  duty  devolves.  There  arc  other 
causes  which  cannot  be  overlooked:  pcrfonuing,  a=v 
we  do,  with  our  own  hands,  the  labor  neccsg.ar\-  to 
settlinga  wilderness,  the  duties,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances absolutely  necessary  to  provide  for  the 
support  of  a  family,  leave  too  little  time  tt>  become 
perfectly  acquainted  with  military  tactics,  which 
require  much  practice,  and  has  become  an  intricate 
science  of  itself. 

We  possess,  however,this  great  advantage — tlier« 
is  scarcely  a  man  in  the  nation,  who  docs  nut  know 
how  to  use  fire  arms. 

Uiider  these  circumstances,  to  ]5rovide  arms  witi^ 
the  necessary  munitions  of  wp.v  aiul  camp  e(|uipageV 
so  that  when  wanted,  they  maybe  had  without  de- 
lay, is  of  tlic  l;ighe';t  importance  to  the  state.  I.. 
cannot  be  forgotten,  that,  during  the  late  v.^ar,  tlic; 
citizens  of  Ohio  who  marched  to  defend  their  coun- 
try, too  often  were  weeks  without  a  tent  to  protect 
them  from  the  inclemencies  of  the  weather,  or  s. 
kettle  to  prepare  their  food. 

The  inevitable  result  of  liuch  a  state  of  thing-s. 
has  been  and  always  will  be,  disease  and  dcaih. — 
Having  seen  no  reason  to  change  my  opinion  on  thi;j 
sub;ecc,  I  must  rciicw  to  you,  gcntJenien,  the  rccorn-' 
mendatio:.  made  to  the  List  ie!;islatin-e,  in  my  iv.c^t. 
sage  of  Dec.  2Uth,  13 11,  to  ]jrovid'_?  in  such  iiianncr 
and  at  such  places  as  may  !)c  deen«ed  ino:it  expe- 
dient, such  quantities  of  arms,  ammunition  and 
camp  equipage,  as  may  be  deemed  sufhcicnt  t© 
meet  the  emergency. 

Every  means  within  tlie  power  of  tlie  executive, 


lia  of  the  whole  nation,  which  would  citable  it  tojhave  been  used  u!\dcr  the  "act  directing  the  col- 
command  promptly,  in  times  of  necessity,  tlxe  force !  lection  and  repairs  ot  jjublic  arms  and  accoutre- 
peccssary  fur  defence,  and,  at  the  same  time,  en-'ments,"'  to  effect  the  objects  tlie:  eo.'';  but  tlie  act 
sure  such  a  state  of  discipline,  as  t»  give  coiifidence  of  itself  is  so  defective,  .qs  to  make  it  of  very  little 


and  the  best  prospects  of  success. 

Until  this  is  done,  this  duty  devolves  on  the  state 
governmejits.  Your  predecessors,  gentlemeti,  have 
made  repeated  atteir,pts  to  perfect  a  system  for 
the  government  and  discipline  of  the  militia  of  this 
state;  yet,  from  a  variety  of  causes,  our  militia  seem 
act  to  be  under  such  government  uud  discipline  as 


use.  From  the  best  itjlbrujation  obtained  on  tl;is 
subject,  a  great  porti:)n  of  the  arms,  the  ]jropcrty 
of  this  state,  have  becu  delivered  over  to  theregu- 
h'.r  ti'oops  in  tiie  service  of  ihe  United  States.  A'o 
appropriation  was  made  at  tiie  last  session,  for  cithev 
the  rc[)airs  or  transportation  of  such  arms  as  ruig'nt 
be  collectad.     It  is  cxpec'ed   that    S'lcii  tvrriiiirc- 


■"^tire  ought  to  expect,  prtte  safety' of  ttrj^cauntry  re*  w^wts  can  be  jr.a.tie-v'ilh,  jJie  IfnitC:!  SiateV  r^h  *"iU 


588       NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  1816, 


mit  the  state  In  possession  of  the  arms  which  pro-       All  the  idd  which  it  may  be  in  my  power  to  afibrct 
cerlv  belong-  to  it.     In  a  subsequent  communication  you,  in  the  discharge  of  the  highly  responsible  du- 
ties you  have  to  perform,  will  be  given  with  the 
most  sincere  pleasure. 


perly  belong  to  it.     In  a  subsequent 

I  will  lay  before  you   further    information  on  this 

subject. 

Blessed  by  Providence,   as    the    good  people  of 

Ohio  are,  with  a  soil  and  climate  producing  in  abun- 
dance every  thing  calculated  to  make  life  comforta- 
ble, even   the   poorest   class  of  our  fellow-citizens 

^vilil   few  exrcptions,  liave    been    able  to  support 

themselves  without  being  a  public  charge. 

As  the  coiuUry  becomes  more  thickly  inhabited, 

and  articles  of  necessity  higher  in  price,  we  must 

cxi>ect  more  will  be  thrown  on  tlie  poor  \\st.     I 

have  examined   with  much  care   and  reflection  the 

•Act  for  tiie  relief  of  tlie  poor,'   and  am  convinced 

that  wliilst  it  is  a  very  expensive  system,  its  provi- 

.sions    arc  not   calculated  to   ensure  that  humane 

treatment  to  the  wretched,  which  a  grateful  sense 

,of  tlse  abiuuhmt   blessings  we   enjoy,   requires    at 

our  iiands.     The  ovcrseeVs  of  the  poor  are  authorlz- 

.«d  to -contract  for  the  support  of  the  poor,  M'ith 
those  who  will  take  them  on  the  most  reasonable 
terms.     A  profit  is  "contemplated  by  tke  contractor, 

.;ind  most  probably  at  tiie.expence  of  abeing_  alrea- 

-dy  rendered  miserable  by  disease  and  infii-niity, 
who,  if  iie  complians,  will  cither  not  be  attended  to, 

(Oir  f.iretiic  worse  iOi-  it. 

The  difficulties  too,  in  obtaining  that  immediate 
support  absolutely  necessary,  are  made  so  gicivt,  as 
•io  deter  an  application.  It  is  true,  it  ap^iears  just, 
that  *very  district  of  country  should  support  the 
poor  Miiich  properly  belongs  to  it.  Yet,  liowcver 
/■on-ect  this  may  appear  in  theory,  circumstances  of- 
ten occur,  which  render  a  strict  adherence  to  the 
tict,  if  not  impracticable,  inhumane.  The  act  pro- 
vides, tliat  where  a  poor  person  cannot  make  it  ap- 
j)e;;r  tliat  he  or  she  h  entitled  to  a  residence  within 
lliis  state,  such  poor  person  is  to  be  removed  be- 
yond tlie  limits  of  this  state.  I  reconnnend  to  the 
<-onsideration  of  tlic  legislature,  the  propriety  of  a 
revision  of  the  present  system,  so  as  to  make  the 
whole  country  cli".vgeable  with  the  poor  within  its 
yunits,  and  that  there  be  pmxhascd  in  eucl>  coun- 
ty, a  tract  of  Imd  in  sonie  suitable  situation,  not  cx- 
■ceeding  200  acres,  for  the  use  of  the  poor,  on  which 
such  buildings  shall  be  erected  as    to  provide  forjuiddle  had  retired 


Accept  my  sincere  wishes,  that  it  may  please  the 
Ruler  of  the  universe  to  bless  the  result  of  your 
deliberations,  so  as  to  promote  tlie  best  interests  of 
your  constituents,  and  to  extend  the  true  princi- 
ples of  religion,  morality  and  knowledge,  so  neces- 
sarj-  to  good  govei-nment  and  the  happiness  of  man- 
kind. T.  WORTHINtiTON. 

Chillcothe,  Dec.  5,  1815. 


On  the  8th  of  Jan  war i'  the  Pennsylvania  delegate* 
in  congress,  at  Washington  City,  gave  a  dinner  to 
Tiecutiir,  Stewart,  and  Biddle — Mr.  Jioberts  in  the 
chair.  The  toasts  were  American — among'  them 
were  the  following. 

The  militia  of  the  United  States — In  peace  and 
in  war  the  safeguard  of  liberty. 

Tiie  Navy — Led  by  heroism  and  conducted  by 
humanity,  it  has  conquered  a  wreath  of  imperisha- 
ble glory. 

Tlie  Arm)- — Distinguislied  for  its  gallantry,  it  has 
done  honor  to  the  American  name. 

The  union  of  the  states — The  rock  of  our  political 
and  social  happiness. 

The  state  of  Pennsylvania — May  she  always  unite 
simplicity  of  manners  with  the  firmness  of  virtu© 
and  energy  of  patriotism. 

Bi)  the  president.  The  nation — May  it  continuft 
to  exert  that  energy  whicli  in  war  obtained  it  res- 
pect abroad  and  peace  at  home,  in  developing  the 
immense  recources  af  prosperity  and  happiness 
within  its  rpach. 

Bii  Com.  Decafiir.  The  state  of  Pennsylvania- 
powerful  and  patriotic. 

liy  Capt.  Stewart.  The  foreign  and  domestic  ene- 
mies  of  the  United  States — jMay  their  machinationst 
be  restrained  within  just  Umitsby  Constitutional  and 
Cuniimi  Law. 

By  Cupt.  Biddle.  The  local  distinctions  of  our 
country — May  they  be  remembered  only  for  the  pur- 
poses of  social  mirth  and  festivity. 

Afier  Com.    Decatur,   Capt.  Stewart,  and  Capt. 


tlielr  c*^mfort,  the  whole  to  be  under  such  regula- 
lions  and  management  as  tlie  legiv.aturc  may  divecL 
At  present,  there  are  very  few  poor  hi  tlie  state; 
manyof'tlie  counties  having  none.  Should  such  a 
system  be  adopted,  t'nc  land  which  might  now  be 
ptu'chased  at  a  low  price,  would  rise  in  value,  -and 
ki  the  mean  time  be  put   in  a  state  of  cnltivatlon, 


the  profits  from 


By  the  president.  Our  gallant  guests,  Conj.  Deca- 
tur, Capt.  Stewart,  and  Capt.  Biddle. 

By  Major  Barker.  The  new  discovery  in  Astro- 
nomy lately  made  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  takes 
the  govei"nment  of  the  tide  fi-om  the  moon  and  gives 
it  to  the  sifijs. 

By  Dr.    Darlington.     The    "Striped  Biinti)i$;"—'' 


wiiich 


would  most  pi'obably  sup-|  M;,y  it  be  t'ne  universal  and  only  passport  exhibited 


port  t!ie  jioor  of  tlie  county, 

IMany  of  tlic  poor  received  hiLo  sucli  an  asylum, 
^vouUi  be  able  to  do  sonKtliing  towards  their  ov/n 
S'.ipport,  and  at  the  same  time  be  more  comfortiible 
and  less  expensive  to  the  community. 

Such  lias  been  the  resvdt  from  the  experience   of 


J] 


by  American  seamen. 

By  Mr.  Glasgo-w.  Gen.  Jackson — The  accomplish- 
ed oiFicer  and  distinguised  hero. 

By  Capt..MnUf)ivr.y.  The  ocean — May  those  who 
a\-:-ogatc  to  tlicntselvcs  its  surface,  be  trimsfixedtd' 
to  John  Bull's    Gnerrierc,  and  like  crabs  and  crawo 


(lie  neighboring  states, v.hicli  have cliangcd  from  our  \fnh  crawl  tlie  bottom  to  Java. 


Law!     It  is  stated  in  a  Philadelphia  paper,  that 
the  court  for  that  city  and  county  was  then  in  thft 


^system  to  ttie  one  now  rccummended  to  your  con- 
sideration. 

.  Tlie  "act  for  tiie  inspection  of  certain  articles  I  «/.,yA  week  of  its  session,  and  engaged  in  trying  the 
<thercin  enumerated,"  will  claim  your  attention — W.sii.-.-ih  cause — and  tli.at  the  expcnces  during  that 
is  seldom  carried  into  cnECt:  I  am  satisfied  a  ;  time,  L'esides  room  rent,  fire  wood,  £cc.  had  amount- 
well  regulated  .system  of  inspection  will  be  iugrily,  ed  to  £,2124  90,  or  2)5^:  15  for  eacli  cause!  The 
beneficial  to  the  state.  public,  perhaps,  would  have  profited,  by  paying 

'I'iiere  are  many  other  important  subjects,  which  tlie  amounts  clain.ed.  But  they  have  got  on  pretty 
Tneril  your  notice,  during  your  session,  and  c'jming,  well — we  have  lieard  of  a  court  wliere,  for  Mred 
.■!.s  you  do,  gentlemen,  from  every  part  of  the  state,  wecka,  no  business  at  all  was  done  but  to  call  and 
you  bringw  lib  you  tlie  information,  the  talents,  and:  dismiss  the  jury.  It  is  "glorioas"  tiiat  judges  are 
patriotism  which  will  enable  ydu  to  provide  for  I  infallible — ami  that,  like  sapient  kings  "they  cannot' 
ivSTT  portjanof  ourfpUow-ctiiz^irs.  jdo  a  winng." 


aaae 


N1LE8'  WEEKLY   PJ^OI^TEH. 

No.  23  ov  Vol.  IX.]  BALTIMORE,  SATl  RDAY,  FEBRUARY,  3,  1816.  [whoii  sr    2rȣ 


I/ac  olim  weminisnc  juvabit. — Vihgii.. 


PRINTED   AND   PCBLISHED    BY   II.   NILUS,   NO.   29,   SOUTH  CALVEnT-STRKF.T,   AT   §5    PKH   ASXUM. 


The  Mails. 

Many  complaints  have  recently  been  preferred 
on  account  of  the  irregularity  with  which  tlie 
Wi;r,iiLr  Registkr  is  received,  especially  in  Vir- 
ginia and  to  the  southward,  generally.  We  liavc 
only  to  say  for  ourselves  that  we  have  reached  the 
ne  plus  ultra  in  our  endeaA'ors  to  secure  tlie  cer- 
tainty and  regularity  of  its  arrival,  and  can  do  no 
tiling  more.  The  fault  lies  in  the  negligence  of 
post^iasters  in  many  instances,  and,  possibly,  in 
overburthened  mails  in  others — things  not  easily 
remedied,  even  by  the  head  of  the  post-office  de- 
partment. But  something  ought  to  be  done. 

To  the  eastward  our  pupers  generally  get  on  re- 
gularly, but  they  sometimes  fail.  On  Wednesday 
last  we  received,  by  the  same  mail,  Boston  papers 
of  the  30th  December  and  27th  of  Jamtai-y. 

The  Register  is  packed  \vith  the  utmost  regu- 
larity, and  as  certainly  leaves  the  office  in  tliis  city 
for  its  destination. 


CC/"  In  ibe  approbation  of  those  we  desire  to  plcHse 
— a  remuneration  is  expected  for  the  extra  laboi 
and  exertion  bestowed  upon  the  present  number  of 
the  Weekly  Register.  We  have  been  furnished 
witli  an  invaluable  table  exhibiting  the  battles  mi  the 
fund,  as  a  companion  for  that  lately  published  under 
the  head  of  "War  on  the  ocean."  It  shall  be  insert- 
ed as  soon  as  we  can  make  it  convenient. 

Approaching  the  close  of  the  volume,  many  valu- 
able articles  of  a  miscellaneous  character  must  be 
postponed  to  aHord  room  for  the  insertion  of  docu- 
ments, &.C.  that  properly  belong  to  its  ])eriod. 

The  editoi-'s  attention  has  been  directed  to  a 
very  rude  attack  made  upon  him  by  an  eastern 
lawyer,  wlio  writes  for  an  annual  stipend,  as  his 
employers  direct.  As  he  would  not  understand  the 
language  of  a.  gentlemaji  or  a.n  ^/Imerican — this  is  the 
only  notice  that  I  can  take  of  the  hireling,  did  I 
tliiuk  him  worth  it— which  I  do  not. 


Agriculture,  Manufactures,  &c. 

COMMUXICATED  FOR  THE   WEEKLY  REGISTER. 

^T.iTEAIE^YTS  and  remurku,  addressed  to  Thomas 

J^'e-Mton,    chairman    of  the    commttee   of  commerce 

find  manufactures,    on   the  subject  of  agrictdtnre, 

■muiiufactnres,  and  commerce.     By  Isaac  Briggs. 

AVith  great  diffidence,  I  solicit  tlie  attention  and 

Indulgence  of  tlie  chairman  of  this  committee— of 

all  its  members — and,  gencr:dly,  of  tlie  present  re- 

Spccuble  audience. 

The  gentlemen  who  have  preceded  me  in  address- 
ing you,  have  stood  forth  the  champions  of  miinufac- 
tures.  1  have  always  been— I  still  am,  the  zealotis 
advocate  and  friena  of  agricidtvrc.  In  that  charac- 
ter I  now  present  myself  before  you.  You  have  he.ad, 
in  favor  of  manufactures,  strong  logic  and  the 
graces  of  elocution.  I  am  iniiniuiatcd— 1  lameni 
tJiat  agriculture,  beyond  all  question  the  higuesl  and 
Boblest  aim  of  Uie  industry  and  ingenuity  of  our  bu])- 
^y  country,  should  ];ave  so  feeble  an  advocate.  "I 
^1  am  no  orator,  as  Brutus  is — I  am  a  plain,  blunt 
"man — who  speak  right  on,  and  tell  you  t.hfwe 
•■•  things  which  vou  vosirseJye^  do  Iman." 
Vo£.  IS. 


I  shall,  notwithstaniling,  c!i(b;;vo!,  b_\  a  fe**'  siUK 
plefictsand  statements,  to  exhibit  : 

Firstly,  What  would  be  the  consequences  to  agri- 
culture, of  keeping  her  servants  and  handmaids  in 
Europe  «nd  Asia,  and  paying  their  wages  there  : 

And  seco!ully.  What  would,  to  her,  be  tlie  conse- 
quences of  bringing  home  her  servants  a'.id  liand- 
maids,  of  talcing  tliem  into  her  own  family,  und  pay- 
ing their  wages  hei-e. 

In  order  to  have  a  correct  view  of  the  wants  of 
the  United  States  in  provisions  snd  clothing  for  any 
particular  period  of  time,  we  must  compare,  witJi 
the  amount  of  popidation  of  a  given  time,  tlie  ascer- 
tained amount  of  our  wt;nts  for  the  same  time.  0)ir 
population  and  wants  will  advance  in  the  same  ra- 
tio, while  we  preserve  the  same  simplicity  of  man- 
ners. Our  wants  have  been  supplied  from  two 
sources,  domestic  and  foreign.  The  domestic  source, 
consisting  of  agriculture  and  fimily  industry,  is 
much  the  lii-gest.  From  the  foinjigii  source  we  sup^' 
ply,  by  importation,  what  we  may  call  our  surphis 
■iiiants,  with  clothing,  sugar,  tea,  col!'ee,  spices,  &c. 

From  the  amoimt  of  population  ascertained  1)V  the 
census  of  1790,  by  that  of  1800,  and  by  tliatof  18 i  J, 
I  find,  on  strict  matheraatical  principles,  that  cur 
population  increases  annu;tily  in  the  ratio  of  3,052 
for  every  hundred  thousand,  or  somewhat  more 
•  ban  3  percent,  per  annum.  Our  surj^lus  wants  will 
increase  in  the  same  ratio  of  course. 

In  the  j'ear  1804  our  whole  population  was  six: 
millions  of  souls.  In  the  same  year  (as  appears  from 
treasury  reports)  tlicrc  were  imported  into  the 
United  States,  articles  of  foreign  growth  and  fabric 
amounting-  in  value  to  80  millions  of  dollars.  Of  this 
ajnouut  the  value  of  36  millions  was  i-c-exported, 
leaving  the  value  of  44  millions  of  dollars,  the 
amount  consumed  in  the  United  Slates,  averaging, 
on  the  whole  population,  7^  dollars  per  head!  36 
millions,  out  of  the  44,  was  for  cloildng,  averaging 
five  dollars  per  head,  for  that  item  alone. 

Let  us,  on  these  data,  carry  otu*  view.s  forv.-ard  for 
a  few  years  :  In  tlie  year  1804,  our  surplus  wants 
were  for  clothing  30  millions  of  dollars,  for  other 
articles  14  millions,  total  44  millions  of  dollars;  and 
our  population  6  millions  of  souls. 


9 

Our  Mir;>his  -.■.■tints  v.itt  be        \ 

For 
clothing. 

— 

Dolls. 
43,355,115 

44,678,300 
46,041,855 
f/  ,44r  ,uj.) 
48,H95,llU 
50,387.380 

For  other 
articles. 

Total. 

1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
182U 
1821 

8,671,023 
8,935,660 
9,208,371 
9,489,407 
9,779,022 
10,077,476 

Dolls. 

20,232,387 

20,849,873 

21,486,19'.' 

22.141,951; 

22,817,71 

23,514,111 

Dolls. 

53,587,502 
'jo,528,173 
57,528,J54 
69.588,985 
-1,712,828 
73.901,491 

The  amoimt  of  duties  paid  to  government,  in  the 
year  1804,  on  the  44  millions  consumed  in  the  coun- 
:ry,  was  13,220,000  doll. as,  and  exceeds  the  rate  of 
30  per  cent.  Merchants' ])vofiis  aiid  other  charges 
were  certainly  not  less  than  15  per  cent,  addition^. 
Hence,  instead  of  44  milliQus,  the  actual  eo.;t  to  tke 
■GOHsumers  was  63,800,000  dolkirs  ;  and  in  the  year 


3^0      NiLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  5,  1816. 

1816,  calculating'  on  tlio  pcrronncnt  duties  alone,  must  exhibit  the  r/^^r/c-u^/ofi  of  the  sviqilus  produce 


Vi'oiild,  irj-stciid  of  63,537,502  dollars,  be  actually 

SS2,2(J  1,978 

95,01 5,8d0  in  the  year  181 7" 

97,915,678  do.  1818 

100,9  J4,028  do.  1819 

103,983.630         do.  1820 

107,157,161  do.  1821 

nt.ving'tidvfii  a  view  of  our  wants,  and  examined 
the  raiio  in  \v]iich  tliey  must  advance,  let  ns  inves- 
tigate t.'-.c  jjo'.vers  of  our  industry  to  supply  those 
\var:ts,  and  die  ratio  in  whicli  tIios«  powers  may  ad- 
vance— \vl:at  circunisUnces  will  |jiobably  retard, 
and  what  accelerate  tlielr  progress: 

It  ap;)tai's,  by  ve]H)its  from  tlie  treafiury  depart- 
ment, th:it  there  was  exported  from  the  I'liited 
States,  in  the  year  18y3  a  surplus  of  domestic  pro- 
duce anio-.inti;i;j  iu  value  to  42  millions  of  dollars; 
and  in  tbe  }ear  iBOr,  amounting  in  value  to  49  mil- 
lions of  dollars.  A  coviip'irifcon  of  the  amounts  of 
the  exports  ol"  the:e  two  ])ciiods  will  r.lford  us  a 
ratio  for  ihe  incifcise  of  the  powers  of  labor  to  pro-; 
diice  a  s'.irpluB  over  the  necessary  domeirtic  supply. 
WJiich  i-iiilo  I  find  to  be  5^  per  cent,  per  anniun. 
The  increase  in  the  production  of  tlie  sinsrle  article, 
cot'ion,  has  been  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum. 

Of  tlie  whole  ».inoi'.nt  of  stn-plus  exported,  1-14 
Was  tlie  product  of  the  fi;?lieries  ;  11-14  \n  ere  the 
products  of  ag-ricidture ;  1-28  was  the  product  of 
lu.^uufi-ctures,  otlui-  than  of  cotion  or  wool,  and 
3-28  were  the  prodticts  of  Uie  forest — furs,  skins, 
jiv^hes,  lumber,  naval  stores,  &..C. 

From  llicse  elemer.is,.  is  formed  tlie  following' con- 
denstcl  view  of  the  clnrses  and  amoimts  of  siu-jilus   \Ycst  Indies,  g'enerally 
produce,  seehiii£-  a  itmrkei,  during'  the  present  and  a 
icw  .succeeding-  years. 


we  exported  in  the  year  1803,  amountintj  in  value  to 
42  millions  of  dollars,  and  then  enquire  into  tlic 
probabilities  of  the  present  and  future  markets  ac- 
cessible to  us.  1  assume,  as  an  axiom,  "that  agri- 
culture is  emphatically  the  staff  of  political  life — 
the  only  sure  foundation  of  our  prosperity,  happi- 
ness and  power,  as  a  nation."  This  I  mean  to  make 
the  basis  of  all  my  reasoning  on  the  subject.  1  pre- 
sent myself  before  you,  my  fellow-citizens,  as  an 
advocate  for  manufactures — not,  however,  exclu' 
slvely  so — I  hope  to  earn,  as  still  more  appropriate, 
the  t'itle  of  "an  advocate  for  agriculture."  But  ag^i. 
culture  must,  in  tlic  nature  ot  thing-s,  be  governed 
by  the  market  for  its  surplus  productions  ;  it  must 
foi/n'sh  when  the  demand  of  its  market  is  steadji  and 
commensvirate  with  its  powers  of  supply,  and  ten- 
gin'sh  when  that  demand  is  small  and  fluctuating. 

In  (he  year  1803  we  exported  to 
Britain  and  Ireland,  and  a  ncr- 

kef,  ^12,000,000 

British  American  possessions, 


including-  West-Indies, 
Uritish  East-Indies, 


r,333,548 
16,452 


French  domuiicns, 
Spanish  dominions, 
Portuguese  dominions, 
Nttherlsnds, 

Prussia,  Sweden  and  Denmark, 
Hanse  Towns,  &.c. 

Italy,  Trieste,  Turkey,  Barbary,  Cape  of 
(Jood  Hope,  Oiina,  &c. 


19,35O,O0(J' 
5,500,000 
4,500,000 
2,000,000 
3,750,000j 
2,500,0001 
1,000,0001 


1,000,0001 
2,400,0001 


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If  this  coiu-se  of  tliing-s  conhl  continue  reffularJu 
V.v\  visaftil^i  'he  b-alance  would,  in  tlie  year  1823', 
and  n:.t  befoi'c,  bt  in  our  favor.  Ilut,  In  iny  oji iiiion' 
it  caimot  exis'  ,•  and  were  we  to  coniinc'iee  the  ca- 
r  :-rr  ■■;  covhtyrt  cnr.tinut  i-a-o iiearfj.  In  order  to  place 
•)f  view  the  consjderr.tions  M'hirh 
•    ,     -     .    :    ;imYTnind  this  itro:ij;-€ynviclk>.n,  I 


§42,000,001 
When  I  consider  the  intelligence  and  political 
knowledge  of  those  to  whom  I  offer  this  statement, 
I  cannot  think  it  necessary  to  go  into  a  course  of 
reasoning  to  prove,  what  appears  to  me  strongly 
and  obviously  probable,  that  the  foreign  demand 
for  our  surplus  produce  is  not,  nor  will  not  be  great 
er,  in  any  one  year,  than  the  amount  just  stated — 
42  millions  of  dollars — probably^  Zess,  in  consequence 
of  the  stupendous  changes  wrought  in  the  nations, 
formerly,  our  customers,  b}'  twenty -five  years  of  re» 
volution  and  war. 

If,  then,  I  am  correct  hi  the  opinion,  tliat  42  mil- 
lions of  dolkrs,  annually,  will  continue  to  be  the 
maximum  of  Ibreigu  demand,  while  our  capacities 
to  produce  a  sui-plus  will  have  advai'.ced,  in  the 
year  1817,  to  84  millions,  double  that  ainovmt,  what 
would  be  tlic  consequence  of  this  state  of  things? 
Either  a  vast  amount  of  surplus  produce  would  lie 
dead  upon  our  Iiands  ;  or,  by  attempting  to  force  a 
sale,  Me  should  reduce  the  price  ;  in  cither  case,  the 
necessary  stinndus  being- withdrawn,  industry  would 
lang'uisli.  We  must,  per  force,  circimiscribe  the 
amount  of  our  purchases  of  foreign  articles  witliui 
the  limit.s  of  the  amount  of  surplus  produce  which 
foreign  nations  will  choose  to  buy  of  us,  forive ftovs 
no  olher  Jiiemis,  than  t/iia  SLtjfins,  of  piirchusivg  fither 
vierchandize  or  bitUion,  or  of  payivg,  for  ilnf  stipl'oyl 
of  government,  the  inipoat  laid  iheretn.     This  afilicl- 


ad- 


mg  picture  might  be  extended  ;  but  I  iim  persu 
ed  it  is  needless — it  might  be  shown  that  agricul- 
ture, leaning  solely  on  the  stail'  of  foreign  com- 
merce, leans  on  "a  broken  reed,  at  best,  but  oft. a 
spear,  on  wliose  sharp  point  peace  bleeds  and  hope 
e.\pires."  A  concealed  weapon  more  fatal  to  na- 
tional mdependcnce  thuu  tlic  swcrd. 

It  will  be  observed  that  liitherto  I  have  treated 
this  subject,  leavhig  factories,  antl  double  duties, 
and  tariifs  out  of  tlie  question  ;  and  have  endeavor 
ed  to  shew  wh.^V  woifid  prcbably  bQ  ctw  pi'ogrf?- 


1 


NILE3'    WEEKLY  REGISTER— AGRICULTURE,  &^c. 


391 


without  them.  If  they  be  not  ultimately  beneficial 
to  n.ntional  agriculture— not  the  aj^riculture  of  thi^ 
ov  t/mt  particular  section,  but  of  the  whole  nation — I 
pray  you  reject  them.  Agriculture  is,  unquestionably, 
the  great  primary  interest  of  the  nation;  ni-mufac- 
tures  and  commerce  are,  in  my  opinion,  its  best  auxi- 
liaries. Agriculture  is  a  nol)le  plant;  manufi\ctures 
and  commerce  are  the  stimulus  and  the  manure. 

I  shall  now  endea%'or  to  exhibit  what  I  believe 
would  be  the  effects  of  such  encouragement  as 
would  enable  the  cotton  and  woolen  manufactures  to 
sustain  the  severe  pressure,  and  surmount  the  dif- 
ficulties of  the  present  extraordinary  crisi^i ;  and  it 
is  believed  that  a  protection  equal  in  amount  to  the 
double  duties,  thoug'h  sftmewliat  modified  in  the  scale, 
would,  7/  not  evaded,  be  sufficient. 

rt  is  pretty  well  ascertained,  that  if  a  reasonable 
encouragement  be  attbrded,  we  may  assume  as  a  fair 
average  of  the  wliole  of  the  present  year,  six  hun- 
dred tliousand  spindles  operating  on  cotton,  requir- 
ing 50,000,000  of  pounds,  or  100,000  bales  of  the 
raw  material,  at  20  cents  per  pound,  wortli  6,000,000 
of  dollars,  producing  90,000,000  of  yards  of  cloth, 
at  30  cents  per  yard,  worth  27,000,000  of  dollars, 
and  employing  100,000  persons,  whose  wages  will 
amount  to  21,000,000  of  dollars.  Without  fear  of 
exceeding  tlie  truth,  we  may  estimate  the  woolen 
manufacture  as  follows:  2,250,000  fine  woolcd  sheep, 
at  five  dolls,  worth  11,250,000  dollars  ;  yielding,  at 
an  average  of  2/6.  per  fleece,  4,500,000/6.  of  fine  wool, 
vorch,  at  80  cents  per  lb.  3,600,000  dollars,  and  pro- 
ducing, at  an  average  of  1^/6.  per  yard,  3,000,000 
yards  of  broad  and  narrow  cloth,  worth,  at  an  ave- 
rage of  six  dollars  per  yard,  18,000,000  of  dollars, 
by  the  emplovment  of  50,0;")0  persons  whose  wages 
would  be  14,400,000  dollars. 

On  a  veiy  moderate  oalcidation,  these  estaldish- 
ments  would  advance  to  the  equilibrium  of  national 
prosperity  in  the  ratio  of  25  per  cent,  per  anntrni. 
Let  us  then  enquire  into  the  progressive  efiTects  on 
agriculture,  on  revenue,  and  to  sum  up  the  whole 
i;i  one  word,  on  national  piOsperit%-. 


(t  is  very  probable,  however,  that  agricultural  en- 
terprise  and  industry,  feeling  the  vivifying  influ- 
ence  of  this  extraordinary  stiinidus,  would  produce 
a  greater  amoimt  of  suj-plus  than  the  preceding  ta. 
ble  gives;  that  as  maimfacturing  establishment.}, 
approach  the  point  of  equilibrium,  their  ratio  of 
increase  would  be  less,-  and  tliat,  therefore,  thd 
balance  for  exportation  might  not  fall  much  belovjr 
forty  millions  of  dollars. 

That  ag-iculture  flourishes  in  a  superemient  dc, 
gi-ee — that  its  powers  of  production  are  gi-eatlv' 
augmented— and  tliat  all  the  comforts  of  life  arc- 
iiicreased,  not  only  in  the  imracdate  \'icinity  of,  but 
for  a  considerable  distance  aroiuid,  manufltcturing 
establishments,  is  no  longer  mere  theory — it  is  a 
i>road  foci  ^vhich  can  be  well  attested  in  n  umerous 
districts,  in  the  north-western  parts  of  the  state  oi" 
Kew-York,  in  New-Jersey,  in  Pennsylvania,  in  the 
sUte  of  Delaware,  in  Alaryknd,  and  in  the  trans- 
montane  wetiteni  ciuunry — Oaio,  Kentucky,  and 
TeTineosee. 

Uy  reeurring  to  my  first  table,  it  will  be  seem  that 
I  have  stated  ttie  amount  of  our  iur/dus  ivants  i'oT- 
the  present  year,  at  63,587,502  dollars— of  thid, 
amount  43,355,115  were  for  clothing.  Our  mauu- 
ficton-ies  can  supply  90,000,000  vds. 
('otton  cloths  it  30  cts.         S27',000,00'J 


Three  million  of 


rds  wool- 


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en  cloth  at  6  doU.u-a,  18,000,000 

-S  4-5,000,000 

Leavmg  a  b.aLance  of  cotton  ?jid  v.-oolen  goods  for* 
exportation  worth  Sl><544,885,  and  reducing  tlie 
balance  of  our  surplus  wants  to  §20,232,387  as  wi!i 
als'o  appeal-  by  refertnce  to  uiy  first  t.-.ble.  I  will 
state  the  prebable  efiects  of  this  courss  of  things  for 
a  few  succeeding  vears. 


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If  the  preccdiug  statements  be  correct — :^ru\  they 
will  probably  be  found  short  of  the  f.;Ct — ih.it  they 
do  not  excc-jjn,  I  am  convinced — and  if  the  reasouinff 
I  hnve  attempted,  be  sound  iind  conciosivc,  what  at^ 
uTipoi'tant  cri-iis  is  the  preseui ! — P.iUi.c — I  entreat 
you — avid  QO.isklfi]?  it  I    \y c  i:tc!;>;4 ^^jotV  qix  *ke, ouytja- 


392      NILES    WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  3,  1816. 


'-.■iiii  of  streng-tii — \]\c  slope  is  slippery,  and  the  valley 
of  hiimiliHtion  lies  below  :  "  Pucilis  descensus  Avcr- 
*'■  r.i — sed  revocare  griidiim;  hoc  opus — hie  labor 
*'  est."  If  we  suffer  ihc  present  period  to  pas.s  un- 
iniprt)vcd,  \vc  canr.ot  hereafter  recover  the  cleviitioii 
from  Avhich  we  shall  huve  fallen. 

It  remains  now  to  present  to  your  view  a  summ.v 
ry  of  the  foreg-oia';:  facts  and  observations,  and  to 
t.:-ik  your  ftu-ljier  ijiJulg-ence  for  a  few  concluding 
ix' marks. 

It  i:i  a  comnion  maxim  that  agi-iculture  p.ij's  all 
taxes;   witli  a  few  exceptions,  I  admit  its  general 
truth.     Even  suppose  it  universally  true — wliat  .are 
Ihe  means  of  p.iymcnt  ? 
'i  he  requisitions  of  government  for  the 

peace  csliibiashmeiu  are  estimated  at 

itbout  tlie  annual  sum  of  g  25,000,000 

'I'lic  surplus  wants  of  our  popul.ition 

arc  63,587,502 

1'he  sum  of  tliese  we  must  pay — if  we 

cm,  '  88,58r,502 

"^^  e  liave  power  to  produce  (at  former 
prices^)  a  suq^iui  amovmting  in  va- 
lue  to   ^80,000,000— but  it  is  not 
probable  Vi'c  can  find  a  foreig-n  mar- 
ket for  more  tljau  50,000,000 
It  is  tiiercfore  not  v.ortli  more  to  us; 
(for  factories  havhig-  I'ullen,  the  do- 
JiiGslIc  rnurkci  furniaiicdby  them  is 
out  of  tlie  qiLestioi'.;)  leaving'  a  ba- 
lance, beyoud  our  iibility  to  ])ay,  of      38,587,502 
Tiiij  annual  balance  wousd  increase  in  :'  rapid  and 
uestinciive  ratio — but  1  tliink  it  inust  be  obvious 
t^as  1  have  already  said)  that  t/iis  course  nf  things  could 
ti.ot  cutttiiLue  two  tjcara.     'l\\<:  Jiint  efiect  would  be, 
theliltle  specie  we  have  would  depart  from  us,  anil 
would  be  soon  followed  by  our  credit  and  our  inde- 
];endejice. 

Now  let  us  see  how  our  flictorles  (if  we  support 
tliem)  would  prevent  tliis  fearful  evil. 
iLcqiiisitions  of  government,  as  before,  ^25,000,000 
h.'inplu^  wants,  20,232,387 

W.aits  to  tiie  a?i>ount  of  ^S'ij, 355,115, 
bulng  su]:>i)lieil  by  tiie  factories. 


.\mount  imported  for  our  sur- 
plus wants  22,817,718 

llalauce  in  our  favour  import- 
ed, 65,182,282 


'I'lic  sum  of  tlicse  we  rnuiit  pay,  J545,232,387 

'M'.e  domestic  m..!kets  ibr 
our  raw  m.aterials  and 
provisions  amount  lo         ,^j27,^5)G,00S 

3u!(iy'n  markets 
f.ir  iiivpluj  pro- 
duels  52,200,000 

JJitto    f(jr   manu- 

f.LCluj'ts  1,C14,8S5 


-53,844,885 


-88,000,00(5' 

Out  of  which  balance  we  can  cheerfully  pay 
§36,000,000  taxes,  and  h.ave  remaining  §40,182,282 
to  fertilize  our  countrj'.  Agriculture  finds  in  that 
class  of  people  who,  without  factories,  would  mostly 
be  a  dead  weiglit  on  her  hands,  a  market  to  the 
amount  of  §67,871,094,  to  which  add  40,000,000, 
the  amount  of  exports,  and  we  have  found  markets 
for  the  value  of  108,000,000  nearly,  of  siu-plus  pro- 
duce. 
"  Look  you  now  on  this  picture ! — and  on  this  !" 
I  liave  said  nothing  yet  of  the  valuable  population 
— the  skilful  artisans  we  should  draw  from  Europe— 
"  Sapienti  veibiim  sat." 

But  where  sh.-vU  we  find  a  market  for  ovir  manu- 
factured cotton  and  woolen  goods  ?  I  answer,  in 
Mexico  and  Soutli-America.  This  idea  is  not  ori- 
ginal with  mc;  I  am  indebted  for  it  to  a  friend,  t 
am  no  advoctte  for  an  improper  interference  in  the 
concerns  of  another  nation;  but  I  wish  for  the  ra- 
tion.ll  freedom  of  ever)'  7>ortion  of  the  human  race. 
I  think  we  ought  to  stand  prepared  to  avail  ourselves 
of  a  passing  good,  wlien  it  can  be  laivjitlly  offered 
to  our  accept.incc  We  shall  have  a  jealous  and  a 
watcliful  rival.  A  first  possession  will  be  a  very 
strong  point — those  wiiom  I  address  can  understind 
me.  Fiom  Me.vico  and  SouUi-America  we  want 
coffee,  cochineal,  dye-woods,  mahogany,  box-wood, 
ligniuTi  vitx,  raw  hides,  gold  and  silver,  &c.  But 
will  not  the  strong  dominion  of  prejudice,  the 
slavery  of  mind,  even  more  degrading  tlian  that  of 
the  body,  imder  vhosa  iron  yoke  these  people  groan, 
prevent  their  political  freedom,  and  close  the  door 
of  commerce  against  us  .?  No — not  long — thoiig'h 
their  march  to  liberty  m.^y  not  be  so  stecidy,  nor 
their  path  no  smooth,  as  humanity  could  wish,  yet.lt 
will  be  progressive.  "  Mobilitate  viget,  viret(jut 
acquire!  (r,in(lo." 

I  would  thus  desci  ibe  the  body  politic  in  a  pros- 
perous and  happy  nation  : — Agriculture  is  the  heart, 
the  fountain  of  life,  from  which  the  blood  proceods,. 
.and  to  which  it  returns.  Manufacture  is  the  \\ixniSj 
tlie  instruments  of  lalior,  ingenuity,  aud  ;irt,  pre- 
paring food  and  raiment.  Commerce  is  the  feet, 
perfoiming-  the  necessary  transportations  and 
changes  of  place.  And  government  is  the  head, 
tl»e  it;'eat  of  intellect,  which  directs  the  whole  with 
energy  and  wisdom. 

To  the  chairman  and  committee  of  commerce  and 
manufietures  and  to  my  fellow  citizens  generally* 
wiiom  it  may  concern,  the  preceding  statements  and 
remar];s  are  respectfully  submitted,  by  their  friend, 

ISAAC  IIRIGGS. 
lVashJii!fion  City,  1st  month  25,  1816. 


A  mijl.et  is  here  found  for  the 

:    uraountof  §81,644,885 

And  our  cxpoi-ts  uniount  to 

•Yielding,  in  our  favor,  a  balance  to  be 
returned  in  sjiecie, 


53,844,885 


§8,612,498 


By  the  rapidly  increabing  powers  of  ourmanufac- 
t;uring  industiy,  and  the  invigorating  stimulus  there- 
hy  aifoided  to  agriculture,  (if  the  requisitions  of  go- 
vern uont  should  not  exceed  §25,000,000,  Runual- 
ly,)  the  result,  in  the  yenr  1820,  would  probably  be  : 
tLi-jjlus  produce  (principally  of  agricul- 

li;re)  exported,  40,000,000 

>*£i:c*m<ircs  of  cottoit  Si  vrool  exportcii,  48,0^*0,000 


Our  relations  with  Spain. 

To  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  Unit'-d  Slutdt 
In  compliance  with  the  resolution  of  the  24th,  I 
transmit  two  letters  from  the  envoy  extraordinarj- 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  Spain,  tothesecrc- 
tiu'y  of  state,  with  his  answer. 

JAMES  MADISON. 

January  26th,  1816. 
Translation  of  a  letter  from  t?^  minister  of  Spain  t* 
the  aecretarif  of  state,  dated  IVashingtun,  December. 

30,  1815.    '  ,     1-  cr 

SiH— The  diplomatic  relations  between  the  King, 

mv  master,  and  the  United  States,  being  hajjpily  K: 

gtgj-c^l^  ;wd  hoiai  govefWiK^.iits  being  disposed,  m .,- 


S 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SPAIN. 


tually  to  strengihen  the  ties  of  the  most  pure  and 
pertect  friendship,  it  is  my  duty  to  inform  the  pre- 
sident of  whatever  may  contribute  to  so  desirable 
an  object,"  and  remove  the  obstacles  which  may  pre- 
vent it.  On  the  important  points  on  which  this 
note  must  turn,  I  have  written  to  you  under  other 
circumstances  less  favorable  than  tlie  present.  I 
will  now  confine  myself  to  a  plain  and  simple  ex- 
planation of  them. 

•The  first  of  these  points  is:  that  the  direct  and 
official  relations  between  Spain  and  the  U.  States, 
having  been  broken  off  since  the  year  1808,  the 
affairs  of  both  nations,  as  well  as  their  respective 
fi'ontiers,  should  now  be  placed  in  the  same  state 
iud  situation  in  which  they  were  at  that  period; 
and  that,  in  conformity  to  tliis  principle,  the  part 
of  West  Florida,  which  the  United  States  took  pos- 
session of  during  the  glorious  insurrection  of  Spain, 
and  have  retained  until  this  day,  should  be  restored 
to  his  catholic  majesty.  This  just  and  conciliatory 
measure,  at  the  same  time  that  it  will  convince  tlie 
king,  my  master,  of  the  purity  and  sincerity  of  the 
sentiments  of  tlic  American  government,  and  of 
their  disposition  to  arrange  and  terminate  amicably 
the  several  points  of  negociation,  will  not,  in  tlie 
least,  impair  the  right  which  it  may  believe  it  has 
to  the  whole,  or  a  part  of  the  territory  occupied, 
since  it  will  remain  subject,  exactly  us  it  was  before 
its  occupation,  to  a  frank  and  friendly  discussion 
between  the  two  governments. 

The  second  point  is  as  simple  and  obvious  as  the 
first,  and  I  will  treat  of  it  with  that  confidence, 
with  which  I  ought  to  be  ijispired  by  the  indispu- 
table justice  of  my  unpoKtunity,  the  justification  of 
the  American  government,  and  the  importance  of 
the  affair. 

It  is  known  to  you,  and  is  universally  public  and 
notorious,  that  a  factious  band  of  insurgents  and  in- 
•endiarie*,  continue  with  impunity,  in  the  province 
of  Louisiana,  and  especially  in  New  Orleans  and 
Natchitoches,  the  tminterrupted  system  of  raisii-.g 
and  arming  troops,  to  light  the  flame  of  revolution 
in  the  kingdom  of  New  Spain,  and  to  rob  the  paci- 
fic inliabitants  of  die  dominions  of  the  king,  my 
master.  The  invasion  of  the  intemal  provinces, 
the  horrible  assassinations  committed  in  San  An- 
tonio de  Bexar,  and  the  names  of  the  perfidious 
perpetrators  of  such  vmheard  oi'  crimes,  have  ac- 
quired the  publicity,  which  great  crimes  always  will 
acqiure.  All  Louisiana  has  witnessed  tliese  arma- 
ments; Uie  public  enlistments  (los  engauchse  pub- 
licos);  the  transportation  of  arms;  tlie  junction  of 
tlie  insiu-gents  and  theu-  hostile  and  warlike  maixh 
from  the  territory  of  this  republic;  against  the  pos- 
sessions of  a  friendly  and  neighboring  power)  nei- 
ther tlireucs,  nor  the  laws;  nor  the  indignation  of 
Avell  disixxed  citizens,  nor  even  tlie  proclamation  of 
the  president  of  the  first  of  September  last,  intend- 
1  "^  to  restrfdn  these  liighway  robbers,  have  been 
sufficient  to  stop  their  nefju-ious  plans.  On  the  con- 
ti'ary,  they  prosecute  them  with  tlie  greatest  ardor 
^d  rancor,  more  and  more  exasperated  at  seeing 
ttiegiorious  triumphs  of  tlie  Sp.anish  nation,  the  ad- 
hesion of  his  subjects  to  an  adored  monarch,  and 
me  approaching  re-establishnient  of  the  relations 
between  our  respective  nations.  It  is  known  to  ine, 
that  they  are  now  enlisting,  in  New  Orleans,  men 
pr  otlier  expeditions,  both  bv  land  and  water,  to 
invade  again  the  dominions  of  his  catholic  majes- 
ty; under  tlie  direction  of  ringleaders  Jose  Alvarez 
de  Toledo,  and  Jose  Manuel  de  Ilerrera,  who  has 
just  arrived  .<it  fhat  city,  witli  the  appointment,  as 
"^?*y^'  of  minister  to  the  United  States,  from  tlie 
solt-rtyled  AmericTin  confess,   who  ]yx3  defevered 


to  To.edo,  fifcen  hundred  comuiissions  in  blankj 
from  that  body  of  insurg-cnts,  that  he  may  contfr 
tiiem  on  a  like  number  of  officers  v.liich  lie  is  re  • 
cruitmg  in  the  territory  of  this  union.  I  omit  men- 
tioning to  you  other  innurnerable  acts  of  this  kind, 
wiiicli  prove  the  publicity  of  tliese  amiaments,  and 
tlie  impunity  with  which  thej  continue.  I  will  con- 
fine myself  to  stating  to  you,  that  the  most  cor.i-  . 
mon  practice  of  nations,  and  the  authority  of  the 
best  writci-s  on  public  law,  would  give  aviglit  to 
the  king,  my  master,  to  require  of  this  govcniment, 
to  deliver  up  these  traitors,  as  incendiaries,  ene- 
mies of  jdl  social  order,  and  disturbers  of  the  peace 
of  Ids  subjects;  but,  as  the  object  of  my  sovereign 
is  not  to  avenge  himself  of  this  b.mditti,  but  to 
>liield  his  subjects  against  their  barbarity,  I  con- 
fine myself  to  asking  of  you  to  obtain  of  the  pre- 
sident orders  for  the  prosecution  of  the  principal 
persons  concerned  in  this  sedition,  that  is  to  say, 
Jose  Alvarez  de  Toledo;  Anaya  Ortez;  the  self- 
styled  minister,  Manuel  de  Herrara;  doctor  Robin- 
son, Humbert;  majors  l^iero  and  I'reire  and  their 
followers,  tliat  they  may  be  pvuiished  with  all  the 
rigor  which  the  laws  prescribe  in  cr.aes  of  tlii.s  kind. 
That  the  troops  which  they  have  raised,  inny  be 
disarmed  and  dispersed,  and  that  the  necessary 
measures  be  taken  to  prevent,  in  future,  these  evils 
spirits  from  hjning  an  opportunity  of  pursuing  their 
designs,  and  attempting  to  compromit  the  good 
intelligence  which  subsists  between  our  respective 
governments.  The  president  cannot  but  have  seeu 
witJi  sen.sibillty,  as  well  the  total  want  of  tlTect  of 
his  proclamation,  of  the  lenient  measureri  whicii  he 
had  adopted  against  these  criminals,  who  boast  oc' 
recognizing  no  iav.-,  subordination  or  moral  princi- 
ple, as  the  protection  and  .support  which  they  have 
received,  and  do  receive,  from  the  authorities  at 
New-Orleans,  contrary  to  his  express  orders,  liis 
excellency,  as  he  is  encharged  by  this  republic  with 
watching  over  its  security,  :uid  th.e  obsei-vance  of 
its  treaties  and  laws,  cannot  but  consider  himself 
authorized  to  restrain  the  project.s  and  ho.'5ti!e  mea- 
sures of  a  set  of  adventurers,  who  make  war  against 
atViendly  power  from  tlic  territory  of  this  confede- 
ration, compromitting  its  tranquility  and  high  clia- 
racter,  by  availing  himself  of  the  means  which 
the  constitution,  the  laws,  and  his  prudence  offer 
to  him  for  obliging  these  persons  to  abandon  their 
designs,  and  to  manifest  to  his  catliolic  majesty  the 
juBt  indignation  with  which  the  U,  States  view  ther 
hostile  plans,  and  the  sedition  of  that  band  of  in- 
cendiaries, I  am  certain  that  it  cannot  be  concealed 
from  the  disthiguished  talents  of  the  president  and 
yourself,  tliat  the  point  of  which  I  treat,  is  not  one 
'Wilder  the  civil  (or  municipal)  law,  in  wliich  case 
my  sovereign  must  have  recourse  tw  tlie  ordinary 
ti  ibunals;  but  that  it  is  a  manifest  and  flagr.ant  vio- 
latiduof  the  most  sacred  huvs  which  bind  logetlier 
nations  n.iitually — perpetrated  by  the  citizens,  or 
residents  of  the  union,  of  which  the  king,  my  mas- 
ter, gives  information,  with  positive  and  no.orioufj 
proofs,  to  tlie  government  under  whose  jurisdiction 
it  has  been  executed,  tliat  they  may  give  him  com- 
petent satisfaction,  with  a  knowledge  of  the  act, 
by  causing  the  delhiquents  to  be  punished  as  guilty 
of  high  treason  against  botli  governments. 

The  third  and  last  point  is  reduced  to  this;  thai 
the  president  will  be  pleased  to  give  the  necessary 
orders  to  the  collectors  of  tlie  customs,  not  to  ad- 
mit into  the  ports  of  tlie  United  States,  vessels  un- 
der the  insurrectionaiw  flag  of  Carthagena,  of  the 
Mexican  congress,  of  Buenos  Ayres,  or  of  the  other 
places  which  have  revolted  against  thc'  aiilhoritv' 
of  th«  kin^,  my  mastei",  nov  t!io,Ke  coming  fsojiv  tiitm . 


S94 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  a,  \SU. 


Tl  at  tlu'  should  not  peranlt  them  to  land,   or  to 
?eli  in  t    s  countr}',  the  shameful  proceeds  of  tlieir 
piracy,  i--    atrocities,  and  much  less  to  equip  tliem- 
selves  ii   these  ports,  astliey  do,  for  the  parpose  of 
going  to  sea,  to  destj-oy  and  to  plunder  the  vessels 
vhicii  t;  ey  may  meet  witli  under  the  Spanish  flag. 
This  tolerance,  subversive  of  the  most  solemn  sti- 
|3ulation  in  tjie  treaties  between  Spain  and  the  Uni- 
ted Sta  es,  and  diametrically  opposite  to  tlie  gene- 
ral prii  ciples  of  public  security  and  good  f;utl),  and 
to  th.    laws  of  nations,  produces  the  most  melan- 
choly effects  on  tlic  interest  and  the  property  of  the 
fiubjects  of  his  catholic  majesty.     Certain  it  is,  tliat 
fVfither  Carthagcna,  nor  any  other  place  in  the  Spa 
llish  dominions  in  thishtmispliere,  wliich  lias  rerolt 
cd,  Can  be  in  communicat  ion  with  any  power  friend 
ly  to  Spain,  since  neither  on  its  part,  nor  on  that  of 
ony  other  government,  has  tlieu"  independence  been 
acknowledged;  .wd  it  is,  consequently,  an  offence 
against  the   dignity  of  the  Spanish  monarchy,  and 
against  the  so^'ereiguty  of  theking,  my  master,  to 
admit  vessels  from  such  places  manned  and  com- 
jTianded  by  insurgents,  and  armed  in  the  dominions 
cf  this  confederacy;  particularly  as  they  are  all  pi 
fates,  who  do  not  respect  any  flag,  are  justly  con- 
sidered the  disgrace  of  tlie  seas,  and  are  execrated 
by  all  nations. 

The  tliree  preceding  points  are  of  such  establish- 
ed equity  and  justice,  that  it  would  be  offensive  to 
tlie  delicacy  of  this  goveniment  to  suppose,  that  ii 
could  delay,  under  any  pretext,  to  determine  on 
them,  in  the  manner  I  have  propcxsed,  and  which  J 
I  have  an  express  order  to  rcqucHt  (solicitar)  in  the 
name  of  the  king,  my  master.  The  prompt  Interpo- 
eition  of  the  president,  that  liis  majesty  may  be  g-ra- 
tified,  would  be  a  new  testimony  of  lus  friendly  dis- 
position towards  Spain,  as  evident  proof  that  he  is 
detennined  to  put  an  end  to  the  incalculable  ex- 
tortions tuid  injuries  wliich  Spain  has  suffered,  for 
the  spt.ce  of  sever.  }  eai's,  fi-om  tlie  gang  of  adven- 
ttirers  who  have  assailed  hev  from  the  bo^om  of  this 
j-epubiic;  a  means  of  fixing  tlie  frank  and  sincere  sys- 
tem of  good  neigborhood  which  so  much  interest* 
lioUi  states;  .and,fin-lly,  a  sure  preliminaiyto  the  re- 
moval of  all  the  difficidiies  which  may  present 
themselves  in  the  ncgocistions,  which  ought  to  t«r- 
minate  all  the  pending  di.scussions  between  the  two 
g'overnments,  and  to  f'x  fore\^r  between  them  a 
perpetual  and  solid  friendship. 

If,  as  I  flatter  my»elf,  ihc  pi-efident  gives  all  tlve 
attention  which  is  due  to  affairs  of  such  transcen- 
d.ant  imjiortance,  and  yields  to  my  solicKations,  1 
oan  assure  his  excellency,  and  youreelf,  that  there 
wU  be  nothing -niiicli  the  king,  my  master,  will  no ^ 
"he  disposed  lo  do,  to  .satisfy  tiiis  republic,  which 
raay  be  compatible  v.iLh  lijs  dignity  and  with  ttie 
interests  of  his  subjects. 

I  renew  to  you  the  assurances  ol"  my  particular  re- 
spect, and  of  my  constant  desire  to  pleaseVou,  and 
pray  God  to  preserve  your  life  man',-  years'. 

(Signed)  ■  LUis'DE  ONIS. 

B»n,  James  ^Monroe,  c'.V.  rJc. 

Washington,  Dec.  oUth,  1815. 

Tratislation  -iphich  c.rcoiApcuded  a  nnte  of  the  2d  Jtmiia- 
ryy  1816,  from  the  ChevcJier  de  O/iw,  to  the  secre- 
iury  of  sluUi. 

Sir — Shice  the  last  note  I  had  the  honor  to  ad- 
dress  you,  under  the  date  of  the  3utii  of  December, 
1.  have  received  po-iitive  inibrmation  that  tlie  expe- 
dition which  the  tr.iior  Toledo  v/as  preparing  in 
Wevv  Orlcins,  again.st  the  dominions  of  the  kino-,  mv 
muster,  hiis  been  .-iuspcnckd  until  tlie  arrival  at  Uiat 
city  of  twobo:!ies  of  troos,  one  thousiind  men  f:oin 
Kentucky,  .tud  tiiree  hundred  from  Tennessee,  com- 


nwuided  by  two  American  citizens,  that  were  to  be 
united  in  twenty-four  days  to  the  army  of  the  insur- 
gents.     1  ab«tiiin,  sir,  from  offering  to  you  any  ob- 
servations on  a  subject  of  such  high  importance,  and 
so  well  established.     I  am  well  persuaded  that  his 
excellency  the  president  will  easily  perceive  tluit 
if  the  states  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Louisiana  and 
Georgia,  continue,  as  tliey  do,  allowing  tlieir  citi- 
zens to  commit  hostilities'  against  a  friendly  power, 
notwithstanding  the  orders  he  lias  issued  for  dis- 
persing and  disavming  the  g-ang  of  desperadoes,  head- 
ed by  Toledo,  Humbert,  Anay«.  Bcreardo,  Suteirier, 
Istri,  Doctor  Robinson,  majors  Eurie  and  Preire,  and 
their  followers,  Hie  king,  my  master,  will  have  rea- 
son to  suspect,  that  if  those  meetings  are  not  an- 
thorised  by  the  government,  tliey  are  at  least  tole- 
rated.    All  the  assurances  I  may  give  to  my  sove- 
reign, of  the  friendly  dispositions  of  his  excellen- 
cy "the  president,  will  not  suffice,  when  compared 
with  the  evident  proofs  I  had  the  honor  to  commu- 
nicate to  you  in  this  and  my  former  note  ;  particu- 
larly when  his  majesty  is  well  convinced  of  the  re- 
sources and  authority  of  the  federal   government, 
and  the  promptitude  with  whick  theu-  orders  are 
strictly  observed  in  the  whole  union.     I  do  not  en- 
tertain anv  apprehension  of  the  result  of  the  expe- 
dition of  tliese  incendiaries.     The  European  wars 
being    terminated    his    majesty    will    be    able  to 
direct  all    his  attention  and  ids  powerful  armies, 
to  stifle  .at  once  the  growth  of  th.at  insurrection  > 
but   the   philanthropic   heart    of    my    sovereign, 
the  humanity  by  which   he  is  distinsfuished,  and 
which  constitutes  the  character  of  tlie  Spanish  na- 
tion, induce  him  to  wish  to  re-establish  order  among^ 
the  seduce<l,  rather  by  mildness  than  by  the  forc^ 
of  arms,  which  cannot  be  effected  without  the  effu- 
sion of  the  blood  of  his  beloved  subjects.     This  ob- 
ject cannot  fail  to  be  obtained  as  soon  as  the  McKi-. 
"can  insurgents,  and  those  of  the  internal  provincest 
cease  to  be  furnished  by  the  citizens  of  this  repub. 
lie,  witli  arms,  ammunition,  and  troops. 

I  .sli.all  never  have  the  vain  presumption  to  offep 
you,  or  the  wise  magistrate  that  is  at  the  head  of 
this  adminiatration,  any  obsen-ations  on  the  conse- 
quences th.it  might  result  against  the  interests  of 
this  republic  by  the  independence  of  Spanish  Ame- 
rica. My  wishes  are  only  directed  to  equal  you  iiv 
m#<leration,  and  to  re-establish,  on  the  most  firm 
and  permanent  basis,  the  rehations  between  our  go- 
vernments. This  Sincere  desire  %vill,  I  hope,  serve 
&s  an  apology  for  me,  while  I  take  the  liberty  to  prfe- 
sent  an  hypothesis  in  this  note. 

I  grant,  for  a  moment,  that  all  the  Mexican  em- 
pii-e  erects  itself  into  .an  independent  state  ;  that  it, 
adonts  the  wise  constitution  of  this  confederation  t 
establishes  a  complete  system  of  legislation  ;  and, 
finally,  that  it  enjovs  all  the  blessings  of  liberty,  m 
the  same  full  extent  as  this  republic.  It  is  beyond 
tpiestion  that  the  cllmaie  of  Mexico  is  more  tem- 
perate rhaii  that  of  the  United  States  ;  the  soil  rich- 
er and  more  productive  ;  the  productions  and  fruits 
more  abund.mt,  rich,  and  of  a  superior  quidity  ;  and 
tl-.at  provisions,  labor,  wood,  houses,  clotliing,  &c. 
are  in  consequence  of  the  mildness  and  regulari- 
ty of  tlie  climates,  much  cheaper  than  in  this  cohtv 
t'rv.  If  this  event  should  take  place,  do  you  not 
th'ink,  sir,  as  I  do,  that  so  many  alluring  pros- 
pect.^ and  so  many  evident  advantages,  will  de- 
prive tliis  republic  of  Uic  successive  emigrations 
from  Eu.iojie  .'  and,  wbat  is  more,  of  a  very  consx- 
der.-tblc  part  of  tlie  most  useful  and  mdustrious  in- 
habitants  of  this  confederation,  who  would  carrj 
with  diem  to  Mexico  tlieir  flour  and  sfiw-miUs,  raa- 
ciimes,  iiianuUvctures,  tlieir  enterprising  gcn<us,  in 


NILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTER— SPAIN". 


S95 


a  vFord,  their  general  instruction,  and  all  the  means 
that  actually  promote  and  vivify  the  comuierce  of 
.these  states  >  I  flutter  myself  that  this  event  will 
.not  happen  ;  but  I  am  fully  convinced,  that  the  con- 
seqacnces  of  this  hypothesis  can  be  demonstrated 
almost  with  a  matliematical  certainty ;  and  that  if 
;the  citizens  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Loulsl.ina,  and 
Cieorg-ia,  should  reflect  deeply  on  this  subject,  f^r 
from  g'iving'  any  aid  to  those  vagabonds,  greedy  of 
the  acquisition  of  gold,  and  reg-ardless  of  the  hap- 
piness of  tlieir  coiinti-y,  they  would  unite  them- 
selves with  the  authorities  of  the  king,  my  master, 
to  punish  that  gang-  of  perfidious  traitors,  that  hide 
themselves  in  these  states,  with  the  crimimd  de- 
sign of  devastating  their  country.  I  iiope,  sir,  you 
wul  have  the  g-oodcess  to  overlook  this  digression, 
to  which  I  iiave  been  carried  by  my  warm  desire  of 
strengthening  the  most  perfect  friendship  between 
tlie  two  Ufttions,  and  to  inform  his  excellency  the 
presideut,  tluit  the  orders  I  claim  in  his  catholic  ma- 
jesty's name,  directed  to  the  tnal  and  punisimient  of 
the  ring-leaders  of  those  armies,  and  to  the  prohi- 
-bition  of  exporting  arms,  of  any  kind,  from  this 
country  to  the  provinces,  against  my  sovereign's  au- 
thority, are  of  the  greatest  importance,  an. I  are  sup- 
ported by  the  existing  treaty  of  friendship,  limits, 
and  navigation,  between  Spaiii  and  the  United 
.States,  especially  the  16th  article. 

1  expect,   sir,  your  answeer  to  these  important 
•points,  and  I  have  tlxe  honor  to  be,  kc.  Sec.  &.c. 

"3'A(r  secretaru  of  state  to  the  Chevalier  de  Otiis,  envot/ 

exlraovdlnarti  and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  his 

Catholic  majestij. 

Depaht.west  of  state,  Jan.  19,  1815. 

Sin — I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letters 
-of  tJie  30th  December,  and  2d  of  January,  and  to 
submit  them  to  the  president. 

You  demand  that  your  sovereign  sliall  be  put  in 
•  possession  of  West  Florida  ;  that  certain  persons 
"Whom  you  have  mentioned,  shall  be  arrested  and 
tried  on  the  charge  of  ])romoting  insurrection  in 
the  Spanish  provinces,  and  exciting  citizens  of  the 
tinited  States  to  join  in  it ;  and  thirdly,  tliat  the 
iHags  of  Cartlmgena,  tlie  Mexican  congTess,  Buenos 
Ayres,  and  other  revolting  provinces,  slvali  be  ex- 
■cluded  from  the  port*  of  the  United  States. 

On  the  re-establishment  of  tlie  diplomatic  rela- 
'  tions  between  the  United  Slates  and  Spain,  it  was 
hoped  that  your  government  woiUiJ.  not  haveconfin- 
.«d  its  attention  to  the  objects  in  which  Spain  is  alone 
interested,  but  have  extended  it  to  the  iiijuries -o,*^ 
■which  tlie  United  States  have  so  long  and  so  justly 


•complained,  with  a  view   to  such  reparation  as  it 
,.    might  now  be  able  to  make.     The  subjects  arc,  in 
their  nature,  intimately  connected.     In  some    im- 
portant circumstances,  indeed,  it  is  impossible  to 
separate  them,  since  the  exposition  of  the  wron;;s 
■    of  tlie  United  States  afibrds  the  proper  answer,  in 
',  those  instances,  to  the  complaints  of  Spain.     It  is 
•my  duty  to  bring  these  wrongs  into  view,  thattlie^ 
may  be  duly  considered  and  provided  for,  in  ca*t 
jour  government  has,  as  I  .am  boimd  to  presume, 
'invested  you  with  adequate  powers  for  tlic  pai-po6e. 
At  a  period  anteri(u-  to  either  of  the  circumstan- 
ces meTitionedin  your  letters,  the  United  States  had 
suflfered  great  injiu-y  by  tlie  unlawful  seizure  and 
condemnation  of  their  vessels  in  the  ports  of  Spain. 
A  treaty,  providing  an  indemnity  for  tliose  spolia- 
tions, was  agreed  to  and  signed  by  amiuister  duly 
iiuthoi^sed  by  each  government,  butits  ratitjcalion, 
Uiough  negociaied  and  concluded  in  tiie  presence  of 
the  Spanish   govennncnt,  was  afterwards  declined 
-  l.jy  it.     At  an   anterior  jieriod,  too,  the   deposit  at 
>l^w-Orleans>  stipuiat-ed  by  tlije.treaty  oi  1795,  was 


^suppressed.  As  the  United  States  had  dnrc  no  ir,- 
'jury  to  Spain,  these  acts,  so  hostile  ia  xlicir  nature, 
and  it!Jurious  in  their  ciTcct,  excited  uiucli  siu'pr]:-e. 
It  had  been  tiie  unifMn-i  object  of  tb.t^  govcrr.ment 
to  make  such  arrani^jeinenls  \ritii  Sprdn,  respt  ciir>^^ 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mis^l^.sippi,  and  tlie  boun- 
daries, as,  securing  to  our  ciiiicns  the  f^dl  enjoy, 
meiit  of  their  rights,  v.ovdd  p-a«c  the  pe:ice  iind 
friendship  of  the  two  countries  on  r»  S'lii  nnd  dura- 
ble basis.  With  tliis  view  it  was  soMg'nt  to  obtain', 
of  Spain,  at  a  fair  equivalent,  the  terri'ovy  cast- 
w;u-d  of  the  Mississippi.  Overturer,  to  tVu-  elTccf 
were  made  to  the  Spanish  govern ir.c-nt,  :ind  rejected. 
Being  renewed,  the  minister  oftl>c  United  St'afes 
was  jiifonned  that  Spain  had  cc(U:ri  l.n'.iisiana  to 
France,  to  whom  lie  was  referred  for  the  acqursitinw 
of  such  territoi-y,  in  that  quarter,  as  he  rniglit  be 
instructed  to  make.  Oil  the  last  very  impcvt^'n 
event,  tli.e  suppression  of  the  deposit  at  New-Or- 
leans, a  speciil  mission  w.';s  instituted  to  France  and 
Spain,  the  object  of  which  was  to  avert,  liy  amic - 
hie  ivegociation  and  arrangement,  the  calami'. !c.=;  of 
war.  Affairs  h.ad,  more  especially  by  this  act  ot' 
violence  and  hostility,  reached  a  crisis.,  whicli  pre- 
cluded tlie  idea  of  temporary  jialliativcs.  A  com- 
preliensive  and  permanent  arra".gcnicut  had  become 
indispensabla,  of  which,  it  ivas  presumed,  the  go- 
vernments of  France  and  Sp.ahi  woiild  be  equally 
sensible.  The  cession  of  Louisiana  by  France  to  th^ 
United  States,  was  the  immediate  con.^eq'.ience  of 
this  mission,  with  sucli  a  d.escripti')n  of  its  bounda- 
ries by  the  treaty,  as,  it  was  pre.rimed,  would  leave 
no  cause  of  controver.sy  witli  Spain. 

The  mission  had  thus  _Bucceeded  in  a  ven'  j:r.- 
jxtrtant  obj ect,  but  there  were  others,  of  a  similar 
character,  which  remained  to  be  a-ljusted.  T!;c 
difl:erenccs  with  Spain  still  existed,  sv^d  to  them  v/as 
added,  a  circumstance  of  much  interest  proceed- 
ing from  tlie  acquisition  of  Louisiuia,  (he  unsettled 
boundaries  of  the  jirovince,  wliich  were  now  to  be 
established  with  Sjiain.  Under  the  influence  of  the 
Sitme  policy,  the  s))eclal  mission  \v.\&  ordered,  soon 
afterwai'ds,  to  Madrid,  to  invite  a  negociuion,  fo^- 
the  an-angement  of  all  tiie?e  importa;!t  roncern.v. 
Spain  still  held  territxjry  ea.stwnrd  of  the  I'crdido, 
which,  bv  her  cession  of  Louisiana,  and  its  transtcr 
to  the  United  States,  wa.?  scp.iratcd  frorr. her  othcv 
dominions,  and  la}',  except  on  the  sideof  t!:c  ocear,, 
exclusively  within  our  Umils.  The  importance  of 
this  territory  to  Spain,  in  consequence  of  thes-c 
events,  hi  any  view  which  might  be  taken  of  it,  seem- 
etl  to  be  muck  diminished,  if  not  entirely  lost,  wiiilc 
in  certain  views,  of  wiiic.h  it  was  .susceptible,  it 
iiiight  prove  liighly  hijuriou-s.  Tiierc  wai  danger 
that  the  continuance  of  a  Spanisli  colony  thcr-:', 
might  produce  jeatou.iy  and  variance  between  the 
two  ivaxion.s.  On  tlic  other  Juuid,  tjio  United  State.) 
had  Ticqiiu'ed  territory  westward  of  the  Mi  tsi«.'',ippij 


adjoinii.g  the  provinces  of  Spain,  which,  it  was  sup- 
posed, she  might  be  dcsiron:-)  of  obtaining,  "y  mw 
tual  cessions  of  territoiy,  in  q\iarter3  most  com'p- 
nicKt  to  cachotlier,  and  by  forming  an  interval  be- 
tween tlieir  posses-sioriii,  tc.^reraaiii  vucant,  the  dan- 
ger of  collision  might  be  avoided,  and  their  good 
understaJiding' more  effectually  ijrcserttd.  ]iy  ren- 
dering justice  likewise  to  the  claims  of  Uie  Uni'.cd 
States,  theh- citizens  woi;Kl  be  contented,  .andtiiciv 
g-overnment  lie  better  enabled  to  control  llieir  co;-.- 
duct  boyond  tiaeir  limirs.  Here  then  seemed  to  I;c 
a  fidr  ground  for  amic.ible  compromise  betv.-ccn  the 
parties.  An  opportunity  waa  presented  for  termi- 
nating evety  difiercncc,  and  stcuring  their  f.ttur.^ 
harmony  wiUiout  loss  or  siicntice,  by  eitiier.  OjS 
tlie  result  of  this  misstoa  I  need  nut  enlarge.  I  shall 


-596      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  3,   1816. 


.r<?mark  only,  that  the  friendly  policy  which  prodtic- 
ed  it,  was  not  reciprocated  by  your  government ; 
it  wii  perliaps  not  felt ;  it  was  certainly  disregard- 
ed. Every  proposition,  of  the  American  ministers, 
having  iiersc  objects  in  view,  was  i  ejected,  and  none 
made  i    le'iirn  by  your  g-overnment. 

This  conduct  of  your  government,  would  have 
justiiied  if  it  did  not  invite  the  most  deci^iive  mea- 
sures on  the  part  of  the  United  States.  The  refu- 
sal to  mrtke  reparation  for  preceding  injuries  or  to 
surrender  any  poilion  of  tlie  territory,  in  the  l)os- 
eession  of  Spain,  to  which  they  consiclered  their  ti- 
tle l:Kli--.;5ut'd)ic,  or  to  ..ccep  fai/  and  liberal  pro- 
lK)sitions  for  the  HComiTiodation  of  these  differences, 
cr  (o  make  a  proposition  of  any  kind  for  the  pur- 
pose, Itf  the  United  States  perfectly  free,  to  pur- 
sue such  course,  as  in  their  judgment  a  just  regard 
to  the  .ionor,  righis,  and  interests  of  the  nation 
JTiight  dictate.  In  the  condition  of  Spain,  there  was 
notliiig  ;o  exciie  apprei^ension  of  the  consequences, 
■tvhatever  migiit  be  tlie  course  decided  on.  Of  this, 
the  well  known  state  of  the  peninsula,  at  the  time, 
and  since,  and  of  the  Spanish  provinces  in  America, 
affords  :>mple  proof  The  friendly  policy  which  the 
TJniied  States  liave  since  pursued,  is  tlie  more  con- 
spicuous, from  the  consideration,  that  your  govern- 
mc.it  has  inHexibly  maintained  the  vmjust  and  hos- 
tile attitude  wliich  it  tlien  assumed,  and  has  even 
added  new  injuries  and  insults  to  those  of  which  1 
have  already  complained.  I  refer,  in  this  latter  re- 
mttrk,  to  tlie  breaches  of  the  neutrality  of  Spiiin, 
which  her  government  permitted,  if  it  did  not  au- 
fliorise,  by  Bridsh  troops,  and  British  agents,  in 
Florida,  and  ilirough  that  province,  with  the  Creeks 
and  other  Indian  tribes,  in  the  late  war  with  Great 
Britain,  to  the  gi'cat  injm-y  of  the  United  States.  It 
Is  under  these  circumstances  that  you  have  made 
■tlie  demands  above  recited,  lo  which  I  will  now 
proceed  to  give  a  more  particular  reply. 

You  require  that  Spain  shall  be  put  in  possession 
•6f  West  Florida,  as  an  act  of  justice,  before  a  diecus- 
sion  of  the  right  of  the  parties  to  it  is  entered  on. 

It  is  known  to  your  goveniment,  that  tlie  United 
States  chum  by  cession,  at  a  fan*  equivalent,  the 
province  of  Ijouisiana,  as  it  was  held  by  France  prior 
to  the  treaiy  of  1763,  extending  from  the  river  Per- 
dido,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Mississippi,  to  the 
'iiravo,  or  Grande,  on  the  western.  To  the  «  hole 
territory,  within  tliose  limit.s,  the  United  States  con- 
sider tlicir  right  established  by  well  known  facts, 
and  the  fair  interpretation  of  treaties.  In  a  like 
>T^iritmay  the  United  Suites  demand  the  surrender 
di'  all  the  temtory  above  described,  now  in  the  oc- 
cupancy of  Spain,  as  a  condition  to  the  commence- 
ment of  any  negociation  for  the  adjustment  of  dif- 
ferences. When  we  consider  how  long  your  govern- 
Tiieuthas  maintained  what  is  deemed  an  unjust  pos- 
session ;  more  especially,  when  we  recollect  that 
the  injuries  before  received  are  still  imredressed, 
and  that  others  have  been  since  rendered,  there  can 
]ip,  it  is  presumed,  but  one  opinion,  as  to  the  great 
jr.oderation  of  this  g-overnment,  in  acquiescing  in  it. 
Eat  why  restore  diis  province  to  Spain,  if  it  is  the 
intention  of  your  government,  to  midce  the  title  lo 
it,  in  connection  witli  other  dillerences,  a  subject  of 
amicable  negociation  and  arrangement  ?  May  not 
tiucii  negociation  be  entered  into,  as  well  while  it  is 
■jn  the  occupancy  of  the  United  States,  as  if  it  Wyre 
In  tliat  of  Spain? 

You  demand  next,  that  Mr.  Toledo  and   others, 

\vhoinyou  mcjUion,  charged  with  promoting  revoii 

;u  the  Spanish  provinces  and  exciting  ciiizeas  of  tlie 

United   States  to  join  in  it,  sluiU    be   arrested  and 

•tried — t^ir  »roops  disarm* d  ami  di9per?€.<.l. 


You  intimate  tliat  troops  are  levying  in  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  l^ouisirna  and  Georgia,  for  the  inv»iioi\ 
of  the  Spanish  provinces,  of  whom  one  thousand  are 
from  Kentucky,  and  three  hundred  from  Tennessee, 
to  be  commanded  by  American  citizens,  but  you  do 
not  state  at  what  points  these  men  are  collected,  or 
by  whom  commanded  ;  and  as  to  the  forces  said  to 
be  raised  in  Louisiana  and  Georgia,  your  communi- 
cation is  still  more  indf  finite.  The  information  re- 
cently obtained  by  this  department,  from  persons  of 
high  consideration,  is  of  a  very  difierent  character. 
It  is  stated  that  no  men  are  collected,  nor  is  there 
any  evidence  of  an  attempt  or  design  to  collect  any 
in  Kentvicky,  Tennessee  or  Georgi;i,  for  the  purpose 
stated  ;  and  that  the  force  9?id  to  be  assamblcd  uHt 
der  Mr.  Toledo  if  very  inconsiderable,  and  compos- 
ed principnlly  of  Spaniai-ds  and  Frenchmen.  If  any 
portion  of  it  consists  of  citizens  of  the  United  States 
t  leir  conduct  is  unauthorised  and  illegal.  This 
force  is  not  within  the  settled  parts  of  Louisiana, 
but  in  the  vvilderne93,  between  the  settlements  of 
the  United  States  ajid  Spain,  beyond  the  actual  ope- 
ration of  our  laws.  I  have  to  request,  that  you  will 
have  tlie  goodness  to  state,  at  what  points  in  Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee,  Georgia  and  Louisiana,  any  force 
is  collected,  the  number  in  each  instanee,  and  by 
whom  commanded.  If  such  force  is  collected,  or 
collecting,  within  the  United  States,  for  the  purpose 
sug-gested,  or  othc-r  illegal  purpose,  it  will  be  dis- 
persed, and  the  parties  prosecuted,  according  to  law. 

Tills  government  is  under  no  oblig-ation,  norhas' 
it  the  power,  by  any  law  or  treaty,  to  stu-render  any 
inhabitant  of  Spain  or  the  Spanish  provinces,  on  the 
demand  of  the  government  of  Spain  ;  nor  js  any  sucli 
inhabitant  punishable  by  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  for  acts  committed  beyond  their  jurisdiction, 
tlie  case  of  pirates  alone  excepted.  This  is  a  funda- 
mental law  of  our  system.  It  is  not,  however,  conr 
fined  to  us.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  law  of  all  ci- 
vilized nations,  where  not  particulai'ly  varied  by 
treaties. 

In  reply  to  yotir  third  demand,  the  exclusioH  of 
the  flag  of  the  revolting  provinces,  I  have  to  ob- 
serve, that  in  consequence  of  the  unsettled  state  of 
many  countries,  and  repeated  changes  of  the  rul- 
ing authority  in  each,  there  beuig  at  the  sasae  time, 
several  competitors,  and  each  party  beai-ing  its  ap- 
appropriate  Hag,  the  president  thought  it  proper, 
some  time  past,  to  give  orders  to  the  collectors,  not 
to  make  the  Hag  of  any  vessel  a  criterion  or  condi- 
tion of  its  admission  into  the  ports  of  tlie  U  States. 
Having  taken  no  part  in  the  differences  and  convul- 
sions which  have  disturbed  those  countries,  it  is 
consistent  with  the  just  principles,  as  it  is  with  the 
interests  of  the  United  States,  to  receive  the  vessels 
of  all  countries  into  their  ports,  to  whatever  party 
belonging-,  and  under  whatever  flag  sailing,  pirates 
excepted,  requiring-  of  them  only  the  payment  of  the 
duties,  and  obedience  to  the  laws  while  under  their 
jurisdiction;  without  adverting  to  the  question,  wlie- 
ther  they  had  committed  any  violation  of  the  allegi- 
ance or  laws  oblig-atory  on  them  in  the  countries  to 
which  tiiey  belonged  either  in  assuming  such  flag, 
or  in  aoy  other  respect. 

In  the  differences  which  have  subsisted  between 
Spain  and  her  colonies,  the  United  States  have  ob- 
served all  proper  respect  to  their  fritindiy  relations 
with  Spain.  They  took  no  measures  to  indemnify 
theinseives  for  ios.ies  ond  injuries ;  none  to  guard 
against  the  occuptincy  of  the  Spanish  territory  by 
the  British  forces  in  the  late  wsu-,  or  to  occupy  tiie 
terriioi-y  to  which  the  United  States  consider  theii" 
title  good,  except  in  the  instance  of  A\  est  Florida, 
i«Kl  In  tliwt  itrstaiiee  HHiita-    eircumstar.ces   whiiA. 


KILE9'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— RECEIPTS  AND  EXPETsDlTURES.    59? 


jiiade  their  interposition  as  much  an  act  of  hccoivi- 
.raoclation  to  the  Spanish  authority  there,  as  of  seen- 
rity  to  themselves  They  have  also  prohibited  theiv 
citizens  from  taking  any  part  in  the  war  ;  uid  t!,e 
inhabitants  of  the  colonies,  and  other  foreig-ners 
connected  with  them,  from  recruiting'  men  in  the 
United  States  for  that  purpose.  The  proclamations 
wliich  have  been  issued  by  tlie  governors  of  some 
of  the  states  and  territories,  at  the  instance  of  the 
president,  and  the  proclamation  lately  issued  by  ihe 
president  himself,  are  not  unknown  to  your  .scove^  n- 
ment.  This  conduct,  under  such  circumstances, 
and  at  such  a  time,  is  of  a  character  too  mai-ked  .0 
be  mistaken  by  the  impartial  world. 

What  will  be  the  final  result  of  the  civil  war, 
which  prevails  between  Spain  and  the  Spanish  pro- 
vinces in  America,  is  beyond  the  reach  of  human 
foresight.  It  has  already  e.Kisted  many  years,  and 
with  various  success,  sometimes  one  party  prevail- 
ing, and  then  the  other.  In  some  of  the  provinces, 
the  success  of  the  revolutionists  appeai-s  to  liave 
given  to  their  cause  more  stability  than  in  others 
All  that  your  government  had  a  right  to  claim  of 
the  United  States,  was,  that  they  should  not  inter- 
fere in  the  contest,  or  promote,  by  any  nctive  service, 
the  success  of  the  revolution,  admitting  that  they 
continued  to  overlook  the  injuries  received  from 
Spain,  and  remained  at  peace.  This  right  was  com-l 
mon  to  tlie  colonists.  With  equal  justice  might 
tticy  claim,  that  we  would  not  interfere  to  their  dis- 
advantage :  that  our  ports  should  remain  open  to 
both  parties,  as  they  were  before  the  commence- 
ment of  the  stiTjggle;  that  onr  laws  regulating-  com- 
merce with  foreign  nations  should  not  be  ehan_ged 
to  their  injury.  On  tliese  principles  the  United 
States  have  acted. 

So  much  I  have  thought  proper  to  state  respect- 
ing the  relations  existing  between  the  United  States 
and  Spain.  The  restoration  of  the  diplomatic  inter- 
course between  our  g-overnments,  forms  an  epoch 
which  cannot  fail  to  be  important  to  both  nations. 
If  it  dees  not  produce  a  result  favorable  to  their 
futui'e  friendship  and  good  understanding,  to  vour 
government  will  the  failure  be  imputable.  The  U. 
States  have,  at  all  times,  been  willing  to  settle  their 
difterences  on  just  principles  and  conditions,  and 
tliey  still  are.  Of  this  I  informed  }  on  in  my  letter 
of  the  5th  of  May,  as  I  likewise  did  Mr.  Cevallos, 
in  a  letter  of  the  17th  of  July.  It  will  be  very  sa- 
tisfactory to  the  president,  t(;  find  that  your  go- 
vernment entertains  now  the  same  disposition,  and 
has  given  yoti  full  power  .0  conclude  a  treaty  for 
the»e  purposes.  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great 
Consider;ition,  sir,  your  very  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  JAMES  MONKOE. 


t.dious  and  disacreeable  mode  of  steeping  and 
bleac  ;rg  oy  acids  .ind  alkalies,  &c.  are  avoided, 
an>l  thr-  fti-evgth  and  color  of  the  fabric  wonderfulfy 
im-roved." 

S  inipies  of  the  flax,  thus  prepared,  have  been  sent 
to  this  country,  viz. 

No.  1 — The  flossy  specimen  is  the  w.isic  toW, 
which  appears  better  tlian  the  old  m.anufacturcc! 
flax,  and  may  be  used  for  a  variety  of  useful  pur- 
poses. 

No.  2 — The  flax  cle.ined  in  its  nnt'iral  color. 

^o.  3 — Tlie  flax,  after  being  v^-ashed  with  sor.n 
and  water. 

"N'o.  4 — A  specimen  of  the  thread. 

Here  follows  a  list  of  the  machines  necessary  to 
save  the  seed,  and  to  prepare  th.e  flax,  or  hemp, 
according  to  Mr.  Lee's  system,  with  the  price  of  the 
machines  in  Dublin,  viz. 

Threshing  machine  21. ;  breaking  do.  3/. ;  cleaning 
do.  3/.  ;  ref  ning  do.  8/.  10*. 

[N.  V>. — Mr.  Lestrange,  who  made  a  great  number 
of  these  machines  for  the  Dublin  society,  and  who 
can  give  full  information  of  the  process',  is  no'v  in 
IValtimore,  and  may  be  heard  of  at  Mr.  Henry  Jack- 
son's.] 


Linen  Manufacture 

9art  of  a  le:te--  f  m  a  entleman  in  Dublin  to  his 
ffie-ud  in  .Imericu,  dated  3Qth  Aiiguxt,  1815 
"  I  take  an  opportunity  ef  informing  you  of  an 
important  improvement  in  the  cleaning  and  whiten- 
ing of  flax  witnout  steeping,  &c.  and  saving  all  the 
aeed — By  this  simple  improvement,  flax  is  merely 
pulled,  well  dried,  the  seed  taken  oft',  and  beat  until 
the  bark  and  fibre  are  separated — It  is  then  run 
tlirough  fluted  rollers  and  scutched,  which  com- 
plete.y  cleans  the  flax,  leaving  it  of  a  straw  color, 
which  only  retpures  the  simple  operation  of  soap 
and  water  to  make  it  nearly  white,  with  a  fine  silky 
appearance — I'iit  Linen  Board  has  taken  up  this 
iinpruvenment  and  encourage  its  pr.xcvice,  and  san- 
jume  expectations  arc  formed  of  its  great  pubhc 


No. 


Receipts  and  Expenditures. 

Letter  from  the  secretnvy  of  the  trear.iirv,  iransirdtilu; 
statements  of  the  receipts  and  e.rfiaidifvres  of  thr" 
treasury  nf  the  United  Slates,  frovi  the  id  of 
March,  1T89,  to  the  31s.'  of  March,  1815,-  made  in. 
pnrsnarice  of  a  resolution  of  the  houxe  of  represenla- 
tives  of /he  20//i  inst.—Jamiary  26lh,  1816. — J{carl, 
and  ordered  to  Ue  vpmi  the  table. 

Treasury  department,  Jitiiitary  '25,  1816. 
Sin — In  obedience  to  a  resolution  of  the  house  of 
rem-esent'  tives  of  the  20th  instant,  I  have  tlie  ho- 
nor to  lay  before  the  house. 

No.  1.  .\n  explanatory  letter  from  the  register 
of  the  treasury,  accompanying  the  state, 
ments  required  by  the  resolution: 

2.  A  statement  of  tlie  annual  rcceiptij 
and  expenditures  of  the  United  States, 
from  the  3d  of  March,  1789,  to  the  3lst 
of  March  IS  15,  exclusive  of  moneys  re- 
ceived from  loans,  foreign  and  domestic, 
and  payments  on  account  of  tlie  foreign 
and  domestic  debt;  and  on  account  of  the 
revolutionary  government,  v/hich  are  se- 
parately stated: 

3.  Statements,  1st,  of  the  moneys  annually 
received  from  foreign  .and  domestic  loans; 
2nd,  of  the  sums  paid  annually  on  .account 
of  the  public  debt;  and  3d,  of  the  whole 
amount,  paid  annually  on  account  of  tlie 
revolutionary  government  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  present  government. 

I  have  the  honor  to   be,    with  great  respect  anfl 
consideration,  sir,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

A.  J.  DAU^Af;. 
Tlie  honorable  Heiiry  Clay, 

Speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives: 
[No.   i.] 
Traasury  department,  Ilcj^-istcr's  ojlce^ 
January  '2jth,  1GI6. 
Sm — I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  a  statement, 
formed  in  pur.suance   of  a  resolution   of  tlie  house 
nf  representatives  of  the  United  States,  of  the  20tii 
instant,    with   accompanying-  documents  (A.  B.  C.> 
in  relation  to  the  receiiHs  on  account  of  foreign  and 
domestic   lo.ir.s,  and  of  the  payments   on  accotml 


No. 


-,      ^     .  ,  .        ,,   .  ^ ' of  tlie  foreigi^  i.nd  domestic  debt,  a;.d   of  the  pav- 

^dvantrtge.— Besides  saving  allthe  seed,  thepresent' ments  in  rclfttirn  to  tire  n*','o'futionan\goVci-nfri^nl 


598      NILES-  WEEKLY  HEGISTER—SATURDAY,  FEBRUARYS,  1816. 


The  receipts  into  the  treasury  from 
imports  and  tonnage  have  been 
internal  revenue         .         .         , 
direct  taxes  ... 

postapfe  of  letters         ►         .         . 
sales  of  public  lands     - 
miscellaneous       ... 


222,530,374  56 
9,016,342  24 
-  4,476,826  53 
747,388  4i. 
•  8,658,369  38 
.     1,590,001  68 


*rhe  receipts  from  foreign  and  do-" 
mestic  loans,  (as  per  statement 
A,)  amounts  to 


247,019,302  79 
107,138,184  41 


The  sum  total  of  receipts   to  31st 

March,  1315,^|iie  latest  period  to 

which  the  treasurer's  account  is 

settled  at  the  treasury,  is,         g  854,157,487  20 
The  expenJitures  are  stated,  viz: 
Pav    and  subsistence 

of  the  army,  88,270,562  85 

Fortification  of  ports 

and  liarbors,  4,374,805  26 

Fabrication  of  cannon,  263,61 1  54 
Purcl'iiseof  salt-petrc,  150,000  00 
Additional  arms,  300,000  00 

Arming  and  equipping 

tlie  militia,  1,100,000  00 

T)ctachment  of  militia,  170,000  GO 
Services  of  militia  2,000,000  00 
tScrvices  of  volunteers,  1,000,000  00 


Indian  department, 
liolding  treaties,  he. 
Trading  houses. 


878,313  63 
459,72$  98 


IN^aval  department, 

foreign  intercourse,  exclusive  of 
Barbaj'v  povers,  and  including  the 
sum  of  §6,361,000  paid  under  the 
c<:)nvention  with  Great  Britain,  of 
the  8tli  Jan,  1302,  and  with  Ti-ance 
of  the  30th  April,  1803, 

Barbary  powers, 

C'ivil  list, 

^liscellancous  civil, 


97,628,979  65 


1,338,040  66 
47,818,303  68 


10,678,015  34 

2,405,322  40 

14,940,695  79 

9.909,978  91 


S  184,719,336  43 

To  which,  add  the  expenditures  in 

relation  to    the  payment  of  the 

interest   and  cliarges  on  the    fo- 
reign loans,  and  principal  of  the 

foreign  and  domestic  debt  at  tlie 

treasury  of  the  United  States,  and 

l)y  tlieir    commissioners   abroad, 

as  per  statement  B.  g  167,524,588  00 

And  the  expenditures  on  account  of 

the  revolutionary  government,  as 

per  statement  C.  316i,268  70 


The  sum  total  of  expenditures  from 
the  3d  of  Marcii,  1789,  to  the 
31st  of  March,  1815, 

"Wliich  with  the  balance  in  the  trea- 
sury, on  the  31st  of  March,  1815, 
as  settled  at  tlje  treasury 


352,500,193  13 


by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  of  tlie  11th  Janua.- 
ry,  1813,  under  a  resolution  of  that  house  of  the  24Ui 
December,  1812,  and  embrace  all  receipts  and  pay- 
ments, whether  made  at  the  treasury,  or  by  the  com- 
missioners of  loans  abroad,  to  the  date  of  tlie  latest 
settlement  at  tlie  treasury,  of  the  accounts  of  the 
United  States'  commissioners  in  Lo^idon  and  Am- 
sterdam, 

I  have   the   honor  to   be,  very  respectfully,  sir, 
vour  obedient  lumible  servant, 

JOSEPH  NOURSE,  Register. 

Hon.  A.  J.  Dallas,  Secretarij  of  the  trea»ury. 

No.  2. 

A  statement  of  the  annual  receijDts  and  expenditures 
of  the  United  States,  from  the  3d  day  of  March, 
1789,  up  to  the  31st  of  March,  1815,  (exclusive 
of  monies  received  from  foreign  and  domestic 
loans,  and  payments  on  account  of  tlie  foreign  and 
domestic  debt,  and  on  account  of  the  revolution- 
ary government,  seppa-ately  stated  hi  the  accom- 
panying documents  A.  B.  and  C.)  formed  in  pur- 
suance of  a  resolution  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives of  the  United  States,  of  the  20th  of  Januarv, 
1816. 

RECEIPTS. 


1,597,294  07 


Make  the  sum  total  of  receipts  as 


05- 


before  stated. 


S  354,157,487  20 


It  will  be  perceived  tliat  these  statements  are  a 
continuation  in  point  of  form,  of  those  rendered  to 
the  )(onse  of  representatives  of  t^e  United  States, 


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TREASURY  DEPARTMENT, 

Rboisteb's  ©jfice,  Jamcary  25th,  I8I6, 

JOSEPH  NOtTRSE, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  RE GISfER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES, 


401 


No.  S.-(A.) 
A  statement  of  tl«e?monies  annually  received  from  Toreifii  and 
domestic  loans^  either  at  the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  or  hy 
their  commissioners  abroad,  commencing;  on  the  ^th  of  March, 
7789,  ontil  the3Ut  of  March,  18iS,  formed  in  pursuance  of  a  re- 
solution of  the  house  of  reitresentatives  of  the  United  States,  of 
the  iOih  January,  1816. 

ITrom  the  4th  of  //rt-fryWj/rom  From  the  1st  of       Recnptifrom 

March, 1789,  to  Loans.  Jan.to  the  31st           Loans. 

3lsl  Dec.  1791  5,552,475  31  Deceiub.   1805 

1792  4,93(5,595  56  1806 

1793  1.000,000  1807 

1794  4,600,000  1808 

1795  3,300.010  1809 

1796  320,000  1819 

1797  70,000  1811 

1798  200,000  f'1812 

1799  5,000,000  (A)  J  1813 

1800  1,565,229  24  Fr.Jan.  11  1814 

1801  toMar  31  H81S 
1802 
1803 
1804 

Together  with  tlie  amount  received  dur- 
ing that  period  for  sales  of  bank  stock,  2,^71,860 
Dividends  on  ditto  1 ,101,720 

Interest  on  stock  remitted  to  Europe,         156,400 
Gain  on  exchange  805,127  39 


2,750,000 

12,837,900 
26,184,435 
23,377,911  79 
10,728,530  12 

102,423,077  02 


4,715,107  89 


(A) 


Tears 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 


From  Loan^. 
10,002,400 
20,089,635 
15,080,546 

1,748,230  12 


Trea.  J\'otes 
2,835,500 
6,094,800 
8,297,365  79 
8,980,300 


107,138,184  41 

Total. 
12,837,900 
26,184,435 
23,377,911  79 
10,728,530  12 


Treasury  department.  Register's  offlcs,  Jan.  25,  1816. 

JOSEPH  NOURSE,  Register. 

[  No.  3.  ] 

(B) 
A  STATEMENT  of  the  sums  paid  annually  on  ac- 
count of  tlie  public  debt,  from  the  4tli  of  Mai-ch, 
1789,  until  the  31st  of  March,  1815,  in  which  the 
sums  paid  for  principal,  interest,  and  chari^es, 
are  distinguished,  respectively;  formed  in  pur- 
suance ot  a  resolution  of  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives of  the  United  States,  ef  the  20th  Jan.  1816. 


YEARS. 


Principal. 


Interest. 


Charffes  , 

on  foreign 

loans. 


258,800 

'25,000 
57,943  28 
54,062  50 
52,480 

80,000 


4,000 
5,000 
6,000 
7,000 

29,000 


ITrom  the4th  oi 
March,  1789, 
to  31st.  De- 
cember, 1791 

1792 

1793 

1794 

1795 

1796 

1797 

1798 

1799 

1800 

1801 

1302 

1303 

1U04 

1805 

1806 

18- 

1X08 

1809 

1810 

1811 

1812 

1813 

1814 

From  itt  Jan. 
to  the  31$t 
March,  IS  15 

ls5,121,175  3a'8i,616,953  58l087,29O  48ll67,425,419  38 

To  which  add  the  amount  paid  dur- 
ing tlie  above  period,  for  loss  on 
exchange,  99,168  62 

15167,524,588  00 
Treanury  Department, 
/fr^s.vr's  Ofjj:e,  Jmmtury  25,  1816. 

.lOSKPH  JiOU^^n,  Register. 


2,938,51^  f6 
4,062,037  76 
3,047,263  18 
2,311,285  »7 
2,895,660  45 
',640,791  91 
2,492,378  76 
937,01?  80 
1.410,589  18 
1,203,665  i3| 
2,878,794  11 
5,413,965  31 
3,407,331  43 
3,905,204  90| 
3,22y,H90  971 
.«,'?e6,476  73; 
2,938,141  62 
6,832,09Z  48j 
3,580,479  26 
5,163,476  93 
5.543,470  80 
i;998,349  8S 
7,508,668  82 
3,307,304  90 


211,730  23 


2,090,637 
3,076,628 
2,714,293 
3,413,^54 
3,136,67  1 
3,183,490 
3,220,04' 
3,033,201 
3,1K6,:'87 
3,374,704 
4,396,998 
4,120,038 
3,790,113 
4,?59,582 
4,140,998 
3,694,407 
3,369,578 
3,423,152 
2,86'^,074 
2,845,4-27 
2,465,733 
2,451,372 
3,599,455 
4,593.239 


1,146,587  15 


TouK 


5,287,949  50 
7,263,66;  99 
S,B!9,5«5  i9 
5,778,602  J7 
6,084,411  61 
5,324,282  47 
5,792,421  82 
3,1190,294  14 
4,598,876  78 
4,578,369  S<5 
7,'J79.792  80 
9,539,004  76 
7,?03,144  84 
8,171,787  45 
7,369,389  79 
8,989.884  61 
6,3-' 7,720  10 

10,260^15  35 
6,452,554  16 
8,008,9  '4  46 
8,009,204  05 
4,449,622  45 

]1,108,1S'3  44 
7,900,543  94 


1,358,317  36 


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Foreign  Articles. 

EXECUTION   OF  MARSHAL  NEY. 

Tlie  trial,  condemnation  and  execution  of  maraliSl 
Ney,  forms  the  most  interesting  p.irt  of  tlie  news  by  a 
late  arrival.  On  the  6th  of  December,  at  midnight, 
themai-shrdjWas  condemned  of  high  trcason,and  sen- 
tenccil  to  be  shot ;  and  the  sentence  wa.s  cai-ried  into 
execution  at  9  o'clock  the  followhig  morning.  The 
trial,  it  seems,  v.-as  prematurely  brouglit  to  a  close 
by  the  u)arsh.il  himself;  who  unexpectedly  rose  and. 
said — 

Gentlemci) — I  am  a  I'rencliman,  and  I  will  die  as 
one.  They  have  not  been  willing  to  hear  aiy  defend- 
ers ;  I  thank  them  for  what  they  have  done  for  me, 
and  wliat  tliey  inuy  still  do  ;  i)ut  I  prefer  not  bcin^^'- 
defended  all,  to  being  imperfectly  defended  ;  I  wii 
Uo  aij  Movetiu  did-^ajipciil  to  Eiu-opc  and  posterity. 


402         NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBIVURY  3,  181&, 


M.  Bellart  spoke  to  prevent  fiirtliei-  delays. 

The  Chancellor.  Defenders,  you  may  use  every 
argument,  except  such  as  the  chamber  has  inter- 
dicted. 

The  Marshal.  Since  the  chamber  will  not  hear 
xnv  motives  (mcs  moyens)  I  forbid  my  advocates  to 
add  any  thing-;  the  chamber  will  judge  me  as  tkey 
fhjnk  i)roper. 

The  final  requisition  was  then  read. 

The  IVesident  addressing  tlie  accused — 

Accused,  have  you  any  observations  to  make  on 
file  requisition? 

The  Marshal.     Nothing  at  all,  my  lord. 

T!ie  chancellor  ordered  the  accused  to  retire,  as 
%t\\  as  the  witnesses  and  the  auditory. 

Messenger  Office,  1  o'clack  J.  M.  Dec  7. 

From  5  o'clock  the  chamber  remained  in  delibe- 
ration on  the  judgment,  and  at  a  quarter  beCore  12 
Ihey  decided"  by  majority,  that  marshal  Ney  was 
guilty  of  high  treason  against  the  state,  131  voices 
condemned  him  to  death,  and  29  voted  for  banish- 
ment. The  marshal  was  not  presesit  at  the  time 
the  verdict  was  delivered.  We  had  thought  he 
Gould  not  have  been  shot,  but  it  appears  that  tliere 
is  a  law  that  can  shoot  him,  as  has  been  proved  by 
an  able  lawyer  present. 

The  miu-shal  is  to  be  sliot  to-morrow  (this  day.) 

Faris,  Dec.  8.  'I'he  following  are  the  principal 
details  subsequent  to  the  judgment  of  m:u-shal 
Nev.  We  decline  offering  any  comments  and  mere- 
ly state  facts: 

The  marslial  on  entering  his  chamber  at  the  time 
the  court  was  deliberating  on  hi.s  sentence,  ap- 
peared highly  animated  and  supported  by  tlte  strong- 
est resolution.  He  embraced  his  counsel  (M.  Hti  - 
ryer)  who  said  to  the  marnhal,  "i'oK  -vould  hnvc  it 

.J^p' ('{Veil,  rrai  dear  friend,''^  answered  the  marsliwl, 

»«27  is  'fnished,  -^e  shall  see  each  other  in  the  oilier 

I'jorld."  He  then  asked  to  dine,  and  eat  with  a 
great  appetite;  he  noticed  a  knife  lying  on  the  ta- 
ble, which,  on  finding  it  attracted  attention,  and 
caused  uneasiness  in  the  persons  appointed  to  guard 
him;  do  }  ou  think,  said  he,  on  looking  at  them, 
tliat  I  fear  death,  and  instantly  threw  the  kivife  far 
from  him.  Afier  dinner,  the  marshal  smoked  a  se- 
gar,  and  then  threw  himself  on  the  bed,  where  he 
slept  quietly  for  tvro  hours. 

According  to  the  terms  of  the  process,  theclie 
valier  Caucy  read  the  sentence  to  the  marshal,  who 
a^;kcd  for  the  consolation  of  religion,  and  expressed 
a  desire  to  he  assisted  by  M.  Fitri-e,  a  relation  of 
the  cardinid  of  Bcrnis,  liid  curate  of  St.  Sulpicc. — 
The  hiestimable  ecclesiastic  hastened  to  attend 
faim;  tisev  passed  the  night  together — the  marslial 
Still  retained  the  same  degree  of  furtivude  .aid  ve^ig- 
Eation  to  Lis  tine  which  iuid  acluatcd  hi;u  throiig!:- 
outthe  whole  of  ttie  proceedings. 

At  nine  o'clock  yesterday  morning,  the  marshal 
v/as  informed  that  all  w.is  ready  for  the  execution 
af  his  se-tcnce — he  put  on  a  blue  coat  and  a  round 
iud,  and  entered  ^^  inckncy  coach,  brought  for  him 
iVom  thi  place  of  St.  Viclictl;  the  curate  of  Ht.  Svii- 
j>ice  oc'-MipJed  the  buck  seat  of  the  coach  with  him 

;,\vo  otticers  of  the  geiuhu-merie  were  in  fi-ont — a 

great  munber   of  ve:erans,    royal   grenadiers,   and 


gDuhu-nieSj 


acconi?janicd     tiie 


oi-ossedtlH-  .gr.rdiTn  oT  Uiepahice.  and  lefi  it  by  the 
iron  gate  on  the  tide  of  tiie  Observatoii  C;   on  arriv 
ing-  at  this  gate,  the  ceremony  turned  to  the  left, 
iind  stopi^cda  about  fifty  paces  further,  under  tlic 
walls  of  the  .Lver.ue  of  ihe  Observcitoire. 

■i"i\c  niaraiial  descended  fiom  the  coach,  advanc- 
ed at  (jiticL-  pace'  i.hom  t  iglit  pi.ces  from  the  wall, 
fcwd  ask«d  Hic  cH:cer  at  his  side  if  that  wa^  the  place 


chosen  for  his  execution.  On  receiving  an  answei* 
in  the  affirmative,  the  marshal  turned  and  fi-onted 
the  veterans  who  were  to  fire  upon  him  ;  he  took  off 
his  hat  with  his  left  hand,  put  his  right  on  his  hearty 
and  said  to  the  soldiers — ^^My  comrades,  f  re  at  me." 
At  that  moment  tlie  officer  gsve  the  signal  with  his 
sword,  and  the  nuirshal  fell  under  their  fire  without 
moving.  The  body  was  placed  on  a  litter,  and 
remained  exposed  to  the  public  view  for  a  quarter 
of  an  hour ;  3  balls  entered  his  head.  The  venerable 
ecclesiastic  who  iiad  attended  the  marshal  at  his 
last  moments,  remained  during  the  execution  near 
the  coach,  pra3ing  with  great  fervor.  There  were 
very  fsw  people  present,  on  account  of  its  l-'eing  sup- 
posed that  the  execution  would  have  taken  i:>i"xe 
on  the  plain  of  Crenelle,  where  a  great  multitude 
had  assembled. 

Further  particulars  previous  to  the  execution  of  the- 
sentence  upon  marshal  JVey. 
At  4  o'clock  he  was  in  a  sound  sleep,  from  which 
lie  was  aroused  by  the  arrival  of  his  wife  and 
children,  wjtli  madame  Gamon,  his  sister-in-law. 
Madame  Ney,  on  entering  tlie  chamber  of  her  hus- 
band, fell  senseless  on  tlie  floor;  the  mai'shal,  assi.sted 
by  his  guards,  took  her  up,  and  after  a  long  time 
remaining  in  that  state,  she  began  to  recover ; — 
tears  and  sobs  ,succeeded.  Madame  Gamon  fell  at 
tiie  miiTshal's  feet  in  a  similar  state  to  her  sister. 
The  children  stood  silent,  but  did  cry;  the  eldest 
is  about  11  or  12  years  of  age.  The  marshal  spoke 
for  a  long  time  with  his  wife  and  family — took  a 
tender  adieu  of  tiiem,  and  madame  Ney  was  carried 
aw;iy  in  a  senseless  state.  Shortly  afterwards,  a 
veteran,  who  had  served  under  the  marshal  many 
campaigns,  and  who  was  one  of  his  guards — said, 
"  I  never  expected  death,  marshal,  without  think- 
ing of  (iod." — The  marshal  stopped,  looked  at  the 
man  witli  attention,  and  answered — "You  are  right, 
send  for  my  confessor."  When  all  was  ready,  hie 
would  not  enter  the  coack  before  the  curate,  saying 
— "  Mount  first,  M.  le  cure,  as  I  can  go  up  quicker 
than  you." 

IMarslial  Net  was  born  at  Sarre-louis,  10th  Janua- 
ry, 1769.  ll(f  entered  very  young  into  service,  and 
passed  very  ra]udly  through  all  the  inferior  grades 
to  that  of  adjutant-general,  which  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Kleber,  in  1794.  Never  wis  soldier 
more  brave — never  a  brave  man  more  inconstant, 
more  versatile.  A  general  under  the  republic,  a 
ma:-shal  of  the  empire;  a  member  of  the  legion  of 
honor;  g-rand  officer  of  the  empire;  prince  of  Mos- 
cowa;  duke  d'Elchuigen! 

Bonapartc^s  arrival  at  St.  Hcl^ia — Government 
(says  a  London  paper)  have  lece'vcd  dispatches 
from  sir   George    Cockburn,    from   Saint   Helena, 

d.^ted    Uie    2Jth    of   October he   had   arrived 

there  on  the  13tli.  General  BonaparLC  is  stated  ta 
be  in  good  health  and  tolerable  spirits.  The  persons 
of  his  suite  are  also  well,  but  are  reported  in  pri- 
vate letters  to  be  heartily  sick  of  their  expedition. 
We  understand  ho  was  in  tolerable  spirits  during 
tlie  whole  of  the  voyage.  But  they  were  much 
damped  when  he  was  shewn  the  place  of  his  future 
residence,  on  the  top  of  the  hill  called  Longwood» 
the  usual  residence  of  the  lieutenant  governor.  He 
comidained  of  its  not  being  sufKciently  l.irge  ;  but 
the  real  cause  of  his  dislike  was,  probably,  not  the 
smallness  of  the  house,  but  the  position  of  it.  It 
is  so  situated,  that  no  person  can  either  approach 
or  leave  it  -.vithout  being  seen.  The  companions  ot, 
his  voyage  were  heart ily  tired  of  their  expedition, 
and  some  of  them,  it  is  supposed,  will  soon  enticat 
permission  to  return  to  Europe. 
"Hcsitsratiaii''    Ktliglo-iTs  octk^s  were,  K>!?Jit-  ,t^ 


NILES»  WEEKLY  REGISTER-^CHRONICLE. 


403 


be  re-established  in  Piedmont,  similar  to  tliose 
which  existed  prior  to  the  occupation  of  that  coun- 
try by  the  Frencli. 

Specie.  A  vessel  has  arrived  at  Cadii?  from  Li- 
ma with  3  millions  of  dollars — another  vessel  with 
a  like  sum  was  expected. 

The  calm  0/ despotism.  The  abbe  du  Pradt  has  is- 
sued a  new  publication,  entitled  The  Congress  of 
Vienna,-  it  is  in  the  same  style  as  the  history  of  the 
embassy  to  Warsaw,  and  with  reference  to  the  pre- 
sent period,  corresponds  witli  the  abbe  Barueil's 
history  of  the  Illumines,  and  the  writing-s  of  Malet 
du  Pan.  The  drift  of  it  is  to  shew  tlie  danger  -which 
the  world  is  exposed  to,  from  the  modern  idea  of  re- 
presmtative  ^overmnent;  the  freedom  of  the  press,  and 
philosophy .'.'.' 

Dnirif-lane  Theatre — London.  Tlie  aggreg'ate  re- 
ceipts of  tliis  theatre  for  3  years,  recently  ended, 
was  .£222,906  16s.  9d.— the  expences  =£242,493  17s. 
6d.  In  the  latter  appears  to  be  included  the  ex- 
pence  of  rebuilding  the  house,  which,  it  will  be  re- 
collected, wxs  destroyed  by  fire. 

TT\e  last  advices  from  Italy,  speak  of  nothing  but 
tTie  great  works  which  the  English  cause  to  be  ex- 
ecuted in  Italy.  They  are  fortifying  the  passages 
of  the  Levant — Sperzia  and  Cattaro — tliey  retain 
possession  of  Caprea — they  increase  tlie  works  of 
Niareggio — tliey  have  fortified  Genoa,  and  the  last 
treaties  have  put  them  in  possession  of  Corfu. 

"The  Societi/ of  Jesus,"  so  called,  lias  been  re- 
organized at  Rome.  Zumiga  is  commissary-gene- 
ral for  the  re-establishment  of  the  order  in  "both 
Spains." 

"Restoration."  Two  vessels  have  lately  arrived 
at  the  llavanna — one  with  390,  the  other  with  144 


have  caused  considerable  loss  to  tlie  proprietors 
without  benefit  to  tliemsclvcs;  such  as  piercing 
tlie  banks,  or  forcing  the  sluices  of  some  fisli  poadr,. 
While  they  were  thus  employed,  and  their  officers 
looking  on,  they  were  astonished  to  hear  the  word 
of  command,  bidding  tliem  to  cease,  pronounced  in 
their  own  language,  by  a  person  in  tlie  dress  of  the 
upper  class  of  peasants;  tliey  cetsed  their  attempt 
at  further  spoliation  and  drew  near  the  stranercr.— 
lie  represented  to  the  troops  tlie  useless  mischici:" 
they  were  about  to  commit,  and  ordered  them  t» 
withdraw.  The  officers  coming  up,  were  lectured 
in  their  turn,  and  heard  with  the  same  astonisht 
ment  the  laws  of  predatoiy  warfiire   explained  to 

them "When  I  had   command  In  the    army   of 

which  your  regiment  is  a  part,  I  punished  very  sci,  • 
verely  such  acts  as  you  seem  to  authorize  by  you? 
presence;  and  it  is  not  on  those  soldiers,  but  oit 
you  that  pmiishment  would  have  fallen."  To  bu. 
thus  tutored  by  a  French  farmer,  in  their  own  lan^ 
guage,  in  such  circumstances,  and  in  such  term?, 
was  almost  past  endurance.  Tliey  beheld  the  pea- 
sants at  the  same  time  taking  off  their  hats  and  sur- 
rounding tlie  speaker,  as  if  to  protect  him,  in  casR 
of  violence;  wliilst  the  oldest  among  their  own  sol- 
diers, anxiously  gazing  on  the  featiwes  of  the  strang- 
er, were  seized  with  a  kind  of  involuntary  trem- 
bling. Conjured  more  peremptorily,  though  re- 
spectfully, to  disclose  his  quality  and  hi.s  name,  the 
peasant,  drawing  his  hand  across  his  eyes  to  wipe 
off  a  startuig  tear,  exclaimed,  with  a  half  stifled 
voice,  "I  am  Koscius^uo!"  The  movement  was  elcoj 
trie.  The  soldiers  threw  down  their  arms,  and, 
falling  prostrate  on  the  ground,  according-  to  the 
custom  of  their  country,  covered  their  heads  with 


slaves    from  Africa.     Preparations    arc    making  to  sand.  It  was  tJie  prostration  of  the  heart.  On  Kosclf 
pursue  this  trade  with  the  greatest  vigor.  u.sko's  return  to  his  house  in  tlie   neighborhood  ot' 

Taxation.  Mr.  Andrews,  an  American  mercliant  jihi.i  scene,  be  found  a  Russi.nn  military  pest  est^b- 
at  Bordeaux,  was  taxed  6,208  francs  as  his  share  of  jlishcd  to  protect  it.  The  empcj-or  Alex'ander  lu.\-- 
tlie  compen-sation-money  to  be  paid  to  the  liussiuns,  jing  learnt  from  ii.  de  la  Harpe,  that  Ko.sciusko  rc- 
Austri;m.-;,  Prussians  and  r.nglitJi,  for  "delivering"  j  sided  in  tJic  country,  ordered  for  him  a  guard  of 
France — and,  it  would  appear,  was  compelled  to  pay  |  honor,  and  the  country  around  hi:;  dwelling  escaped 
it.  Mr.  Lee,  our  consul  at  Bordeaux,  manfully  re- {all  plunder  and  contributions.  Kosciusko  had  with- 
monstrated  against  it.  The  correspondence  is  in- 'drawn  some  years  since  from  the  guilty  world  of 
teresling,  and  shall  be  inserted.  Uonnj^artc,  to  cultivate  a  Uttie  farm,  rejecting  eve- 

.Yeii.     The   gallant  and  accomplished    JSl'j/,  haslry  oMer   whlth  v.-as    mad'j  liini    by  N;/poiton,   who 
been  sacrificed, 
fee  the  late  of  every  great  num  in  France. 


It  is  to  be  feared  that  his  fate  will 

Tidwns 
must  be  rooted  up,  beibre  tlie  tree  of  "legitimacy" 
can  flourish  there.  .Some  particular-j  of  his  trial 
must  lie  over.     He  was  most  unfairly  treate-fl.  , 

Arr-c.its  are  excecdingh'  numcroua  in  France. — 
Tiicre  seeins  a  determiiiutioa  in  the  allies,  tlirough 
tiie  deputy  king,  to  kill  every  iiian  Vfhosc  genius 
may  disturb  the  "repose"  of  despotism.  The  bat- 
tle of  Jl'iiiohu  (won  by  gild  as  history  shall  tell 
posterity)  is  yet  to  be  consummated  in  the  destruc- 
tion of  tiie  lurocs  of  France.  Among  those  recent- 
ly arreste.l  or  about  to  be  tried,  we  obfierve  the 
lumesof  Soult,  Dclcla,  Lavallettc,  Urouet,  Dcoeau, 
Yandaivime,  Massena. 

'I'here  has  been  maiiy  Jieavy  mercantile  faihires  at 
Stockholm.  Tlic  names  of  aevcn  houses  arc  given 
whose  aggregate  debts  are  about  S-^5'100,OOU. 


h.'id  leai'nt  to  aijprcciate  Ills  worth.  Ko^c^viako  knew 
him  well.  I  called  on  him  one  day  to  bid  him  fij-e- 
well,  luiving  read  in  the:  officj.-d  paper  of  the  morn- 
ing his  address  to  the  Poles  on  the  subject  of  reco- 
vering' his  freedom,  being  named  to  the  command 
of  the  Polish  army  b\-  Bonap;;rte.  Kosciusko  he.u"!?. 
me  v.ith  a  smile  at  my  cre-i'dity;  but  on  my  shew- 
ing him  ihe  address  with  lii.'i  signature,  he  exclaim- 
ed, "This  is  :ilia  turgery!  Ilnnapai-le  knew  nje  loo 
well  to  iiuTill  nil"  wi'.ii  anj  oftVr  in  thi^  predatory 
cx])edition;  he  has  adojilc-d  thii  mode,  v.idcli  ICiu 
neither  answer  nor  resent,  and  whicli  lie  attempts  tt> 
color  w  ii!i  the  pr''t<;xt  of  liberty.  His  notions  and 
min.,  rL-Ji)ecting  Poland,  are  at  :'.s  great  adLstaace 
IS  are  our  sentiments  on  every  oll^tu"  subject." 


Kosciusko. 

F.joni   .>r.   //.   v!/.    1}  fUiauu-i*  JWivrtitive   of  even '.e 
France. 
A  Polish  regiment,  forming  part  of  the  advanced 
guard   of   the   Russian    army,    atter  expelling  the 
French  from  Troyes,  marclied   upon    Fvjutainbieau. 
The  troops  were  forag'ing-  in  a  neighboring  vilLige, 


.Latest  j'rom  yVlf. 
leans. 
also  ciiclos 


CHRO^'iCLE. 

,  nii'-l  excellent,  via  ■A'e-^v-tiy • 


Tlie  tlillowing  interesting  mcniori-ndum  wn^ 


nnd  WCTS  abutit  to  ecmmit  di:'5Qrdei-.'<;  v.h-icii  wqeiidlfirst  of  December^',' 


in]      "Arrived  at  the  P.al 
pri;e,  lieut.  com.  M'Koe', 
touched  at  ISoquilla  de  Pic-dra.s. 

py  the  king's  bridge,  leading  ta  Vera  CiMz,  and  had 
intercepieil  the  ro\al  convoy  from  iMexico.  It  v/as. 
e.xi)cc;cd  that  an  act:  ;u  '.vjuid  take  place  abcu'.  thei. 


Oec.  IV,  \>.  S.  ketch  Sui-- 
.er,   from  a  cruise,  havir.g 
The  patriot;;  occu- 


101     NILES'  WEEKLY  REQISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBftUARY  S,  1816. 


The  a!)nve  (observes  the  .V«y  Tovh  editor)  W:is 
]ia;ulcd  to  capt.  Myrick  by  lleiit.  M^vecver. 

Tl;i5  intelliijence  is  a  month  hiter  than  the  former 
:iccouiits  from  tlie  Mexican  provinces,  and  (tioes  not 
comport  wiih  the  story  lately  published,  of  tlie  to- 
tal  defeat  of  the  patriots  in  that  qiifirter. 

.  2  Jieg-inuing.    The  Union  iJank  of  New  York,  pro- 
poses, afceut^  1st  of  this  month,  to  p-jy  specie  for 
3t3  note.-,  and  for  such  deposits  as  have  remained  in 
.  their  vaults  since  the  1st  September,  1814. 

IVufildii^lon,  Jan.  25.  Mr.  Skucuier,  minister  of 
.I'rancc,  lias  announced  to  the  secretary  of  slate 
that  his  mission  lind  ceased,  and  presented  Mr. 
JloTii  as  charge  des  ;:fBiiires,  to  act  ad  iiitei'im,  un- 
til the  arrival  of  a  successor.  The  seci-elary  of" 
state  has,  in  consequence,  presented  Mi-.Hoth  to  the 
])resident,  in  the  character  of  charg-e  dcs  afifaires  of 
Ills  mo.?t  christian  majesty. 

MlUedgevilk,  fGeo.J  Jan.  10.  It  appears  by  an 
article  in  the  St.  Stephen's  pa])er,  tliat  the  Seminolie 
Indians  i.ave  destroyed  the  British  fort  at  .\pp.da- 
■  ciiicola,  and  taken  the  neg-rocs  wlio  occupied  a 
.small  fort  near  that;  and  were  on  their  way  to  I'eii- 
Mcoia  with  a  tIcw  of  restoring-  to  their  rig-jjtful 
owners,  those  of  them  wjio  had  run  away  from  the 
Spaniards,  and  tlie  citizens  on  the  frontier  of  the 
?»li.ssisiupi  territory. 

Carthaifena. — We  have  a  variety  of  reports  as  to 
this  place— some  saying-  it  has  fallen  and  others  that 
it  has  not.  Slow  to  believe  bad  news,  I  think  that 
tHic  flap^  of  the  republic  yet  floats  over  the  walls  of 
Tiiat  important  place.  On  comparing-  all  the  dates  i 
ar.d  weig-liing-  tlie  facts  as  stated,  it  appears  to  us 
that  the  latest  accounts  received  have  arrived  at 
Baltimore — see  "South  America"  below.  The  g-ar- 
'  risen  has  no  doubt  sufl'ercd  exceedingly  by  famine  : 
but  tliey  had  just  received  a  larg-e  supply  of  ])iovi- 
.iions,  and  the  falsity  was  probkbly  put  iifioat  by  roy- 
alty, as  a'lcg-itimate' cng-ine lojx-event other succois- 

Spec::'. — It  is  st.-ited  tiiat  very  considerable  sums 
In  specie  have  arrived  at  New  Orleans  fi-oui  Liver- 
;)ool,  to  ]jm-chaBe  cotton.  The  precious  melals,  like 
every  other  article  of  conimcrcc,must  find  their  own 

The  S:t:-<qmhanna,  at  Ilarrisburg-,  rose  9  feet,  in 
fjui'  hovu-s,  on  tlie  morning  of  the  19th  ult.  'I'he 
it-eJ^'a^■e  way  with  a  tremendous  ex;5loslon.  Great 
dama;:7e  has  been  done  by  tiie  deluge. 

Scluiiilk-ill  bri'lge. — From  a  i'hiladelphia  paper.  It 
:"i.s  with  regret  iliat  we  inform  the  ir.iblic  tliat  the 
jjtipeistrueture  of  tlie  bridge  at  the  falls  of  Schuyl- 
.kil!j  fell  down  tliis  ir.ornir.!.;-  :.l;-(i',it  a  (jiiaj-ter  before 
.1  o'clock.  It  doea  woi  appear  lii-.t  there  was  iuiy 
p.erso-.i  on  it  at  t};c  time. 

'I'iie  chains  were  sufficienily  titrong — the  cause  to 
•which  the  inisfiirtune  is  aliributed,  appears  to  have 
been  the  great  v.'eight  of  snov/  oh  it,  (being- lifteen 
•inches  deep)  togellier  with  the  decayed  state  of  one 
of  the  legs  of  tiie  trussei  du  the  down  stream  side. 

We  ascertained  tiie  actvial  weighi  of  a  cubic  foot 
of  snow,  i'i.ii'  tlie  pin-posc — wliicii  made  the  whole 
weight  on  tlte  two  main  arches,  63,750  lbs. 

Exchrr.ign  tiX  A''eu'-Oilea}i»,  Hec.  29.  On  Balti- 
more, 10  per  cent  dis.;  on  i'r.il.idcipliLi,  7  a  S  do.; 
on  New-Vork  5  a  5}^;  on  London, par;  treasury  notes, 
p;u-;  Spanish  dollarn,  6  per  cent  adv. 

JWitiritul  Hank,  'i'he  projected  .scheme  for  a  na- 
tional bank  appears  very  exceptionable  to  m.jiy,  on 
ticveral  grounds.  Some  doubt  the  constitiuionaii- 
iv  of  the  procedure — :uul  many  ippcr  to  .'ear  tlie 
power  of  such  an  institution.  And  \\\^  bonus  to  be 
received,  it  is  contended,  is  by  no  means  commen- 
--uriite  witii  the  gre.A  advanc;iges  that  it  will  pos- 
M'-.s  in  receiving  th.w  public  de'iosU.'^j  ^c. 


I  Salt  S!trii:^s  A  sj-lt  spring  has  been  discoveretJ 
[near  Mouni  Sterling,  in  Ken.  so  strong  that  salt  will 
not  dissolve  in  the  water.  It  promises  great  ad- 
vantages to  the  )Vcig)iboring  country. 

South  America.  The  following  good  news  from. 
South  Ameiica,  has  been  received  by  tlie  schooner 
Stafford,  arrived  at  -\nnapolis,  from  La  Guayra: 

"An  English  frigate  arrived  at  La  Guayra,  a  few- 
days  before  the  sailing  of  the  Stafford,  and  brought 
accounts  that  the  Spanish  fleet  at  Santa  Martha  had 
been  destroyed  in  a  heavy  gale — the  army  against 
Carthagena  had  abandoned  the  siege — one  half  of 
the  island  of  -Maj-gucritta  was  iii  the  hands  of  the 
patriots.  Spanish  vessels,  on  arriving  at  La  Guayra, 
were  put  in  requisition  to  transport  troops  to  Mar- 
gueritta,  whilst  Garaccas  itself  was  threatened  by 
•liie  p-dtriots,  who  were  ciuTving  on  a  predatory  war- 
fai-e  in  that  province. 

Martial  I.mv.  A  New  York  paper  says — "A  Bri-- 
tish  farmer  in  Upper  Canada  has  recovered  5  or 
§600  d.image  and  costs,  from  a  commissary,  foi* 
taking  100  bushels  of  wheat  from  him  under  roar- 
tidl  law,  during  tiie  late  war,  the  judges  and  jurors 
inianimously  deciding  that  martial  law  coidd  not 
be  declared,  but  subsequent  to  an  act  of  the  legis- 
lature authorizing  it.  The  British  government 
p.iid  tlie  loss  for  the  commissar)',  who  merely  obey- 
ed orders. 

Fra?ihfort,  Ken.  Jan.  1st,  1815. 

Editohs  of  the  Palladium.  Ge©tlemen — Hav- 
ing seen  my  name  mentioned  once  or  twice  in  yom- 
]Ktper,  in  relation  to  the  oflice  of  vice-president,  I 
deem  it  my  duty  to  assure  you,  that  I  have  no  desire 
to  fill  that  office.  And,  at  tliis  time  of  peace  and 
tranquility  in  the  United  States,  I  could  not  be  in- 
duced to  accept  of  any  station  in  the  government. 

You  are  at  liberty  to  use  this  note  as  you  judge 
proper,     licspectfuliy,  vour  most  obedient, 

ISAAC  SHELBY. 

.hongcvitii.  There  are  now  living  in  one  house 
in  Bos  on,  four  persons,  of  the  following  ages:  one 
of  lul  years,  two  of  77  years  each,  and  one  of  67 — 
making  an  average  of  80  years  each. 

Marijland.  Mr.  Harpei-  was  elected  a  senator  of 
the  U.  S.  by  the  legislaiure  of  Mai-yland,  on  Satur- 
day last — for  iNlr.  Harper  45;  Mr.  J.  T.  Mason,  44. 
Gen.  Smith  has  been  elected  a  representative  t» 
congress  by  tlie  people  of  Baltimore  citj  and  coun- 
ty, vice  col.  Moore,  resigned — for  gencnd  Smith 
2515;   col.  Little  1069. 

The  revenue.  The  nett  revenue  from  the  Imports 
accruing  in  1815,  is  (as  appears  by  a  correetcd  re^ 
port  from  the  treasury  of  Jan.  20.)  ^28,348,898  80; 
exceeding  the  sum  stated  in  the  annual  report  b/ 
an  amount  of  ^3,348,83"  02. 

-Marshal  count  GronchyXvdS  made  Ids  escape  from 
the  "deliverers,"  and  is  safe  in  Baltimore,  v»  here  he 
arrived  on  Monday  last,  in  an  English  brig,  via  An-, 
napolis,  being  incog. 

CoxoRKSs.  Nothing  important  has  been  trans- 
acted by  cither  house  of  congress  since  our  lust  re- 
port.  The  time  of  the  house  of  represematives  hsA 
been  chiefly  occupied  in  debates  on  the  revenue 
bills,  and  of  the  senate  ia  "executive  business."  -\8 
it  BO  li:»]ipens  (thro-ai^h  an  excess  of  extra  labor  oa 
the  niimerous  tables  in  this  number,  to  get  them  in 
in  tiuir  j);opcr  piaccs,  occurring  at  a  late  period) 
tliat  we  cannot  give  the  regular  detail  of  proceed^. 
aigs  this  week,  it  is  thought  best  to  defer  the  jour.- 
iial  imiil  otir  next  paper.  The  like  cause  has  com- 
pelled us  also  to  dercr  a  co»TSsderabl«^  ^art  0^  ^ 
"ChroiircJe.'^  > 


N1LE8'   WEEKLY    HI^^QIS'i'EJi. 

No.  24  OP   Vol.  IX.]         BALTIMORE,  SATlllOAY,  FEDRIARY,  10,  1816.  [whole  xo.  232 


Jlac  nlim  meviinisae  pivabit. — Vikgil. 


PltlNTKD    A5D   rrHLISilED    BY    K.    >ILES,    NO. 


OQ 


SOUTH   CALTi; 


:nT-STRKf.T,    AT   5)    I'KU    ANVUM. 


Georgia  Sugar. 

Extract  of  a  letter  to  a  member  of  Cong-rexfi — poUtely 
cemminiicated for  the  Wk-kklt  Rksistkii. 

"  The  cultivation  of  llie  cane  is  rapidly  extending 
witli  us.  I  liave  received  some  information  on  this 
interesting-  subject,  which,  I  suppose,  may  be  grati- 
fying' to  to  you. 

"  Major  Butler,  on  85  acres,  cultivated  by  1? 
hands,  produced  14'{),U00  lbs.  sugar,  and  75  hlids. 
molasses. 

.Tolm  jM'Quren,  Esq.  planted  IS  acres  in  cane — 
average  product  20,U00  canes  per  acre — 5000  canes, 
the  product  of  a  quarter  of  an  acre,  yieldetl  600 
.gallons  of  juice,  whicli  boiled  down,  made  672lbs. 
sugar,andmay  lose  SOlbs.  in  draining,  leaving  632lbs. 
or  24881bs.  of  sugar  per  acre." 

Let  us  look  at  these  products  and  see  what  they 
amount  to,  at  the  present  prices  for  sugar  and  moias- 
ses. 
I4U,0001bs.  sugar,  (worth  on  the  spot)  17 

cents  ^2.1,800 

75  hhds.  molasses,  at  §80  G,000 


Product  of  85  acres  and  17  hands,  §29,800 


'18  acres  at  248.Slbs  per  acre— 44,7841bs. 

at  17  cents,  ^7,61.3  28 

Say  23  hhds.  molasses,  at  ^80  1,840  00 


Product  of  18  acres  and  5  or  6  hands,  g9,453    28 


39,253  dollars,  the  product  of  23  hands,  is  for  each 
hand  2)1706.      Tliere  is  no  gold  mine  equal  to  this. 

But  sugar  and  molasses  may  not  hold  their  pre- 
sent prices — the  duties  will  be  reduced,  and  the 
cost  of  frciglit  and  charges  lessened,  by  ihe  conti 
nuance  of  peace.  Good  sugar,  however,  cannot  ea 
sily  be  lower  in  the  United  S*Htes  than  10  cents,  the 
[old]  duty  included;  and  it  i?  believed  liie  West  In- 
dia planter  cannot  profitably  fmnisli  it  here  at  so  low 
a  rate.  And  then  the  product  of  these  crops,  rais- 
cd  on  103  acres,  by  23  hands  (allowing-  the  sugiu' 
at  10  cents  per  pound,  and  the  molasses  at  J54O /;«' 
hogshead,)  would  be  ^21,978,  or  §213  per  acre,  and 
g961  per  hand. 

When  we  get  to  exporting  sugar — when  it  be- 
comes a  staple  article  of  our  commerce  like  coUon, 
its  vahie  may  depreciate  equal  to  the  duty  that  will 
probably  be  continued  upon  it,  (2  1-2  cents  per  lb.) 
but  still,  it  will  be  a  most  profitable  crop. 

Thus  do  the  bounties  of  God  to  our  country  un- 
fbld  themselves  and  ij'point  to  ind^'pendence. 


Relations  with  Spain. 

The  correspondence  between  Don  On  is  and  Mr 
Monroe,  is  in  the  possession  of  our  re^ulers.  Tne 
pretensions  of  Spain  are  as  preposterous  as  the  man- 
ner in  vvhicli  they  are  urged  li  contemptible.  Tiie 
-chevalier's  letters  are  beneath  criiicism,  and  it  re 
quired  'lO  little  courtesy  to  answer  at  all  such  a 
farrago  of  nonsense.  The  don,  however,  appears  to 
be  a  "legltimaie"  representative  of  his  wise  anti 
"adored master."  The  amount  of  the  business  i, 
this — that  Ferdinand  hold«  tlie  fairest  portieww  of 
Vol,  IX.  ^ 


the  earth  in  misery  and  ciiains,  which  would  be 
happy  except  for  his  government. — and,  not  content 
with'  rcciuiring  that  we  shall  take  no  part  in  the 
contest  for  freedom  against  slavery,  be  would  also 
wish  a  slice  of  our  territory,  to  fix  the  wheels  and 
racks  of  his  accursed  inquisitors  upon!  Modei-ate 
demands,  most  rationally  vrged! 

Oiu-  riglit  to  the  territory  claimed  Is  clear  and 
indisputaijle— it  as  much  belongs  to  the  United 
States  as  the  island  of  .Xer.--Orluans,  settled  by  the 
convntion  held  on  tlie  8th  of  Janu:u-y,  1815,  by  gen. 
.Tackson,  on  tiiepart  of  the  republic.  Rut  one  gr..nd 
mistake  was  committed  about  the  /•'/onJ«s— they 
ought  to  have  been  taken  possession  of  by  us. — 
They  were  lent  to  the  Bri.isu  during  the  late  con- 
test, not  for  the  purposes  of  fair,  and  open,  and 
honorable  warfare— but  as  a  depot  whence  murder 
and  massacre  sliould  issue  upon  the  women  and 
c':iildren  of  our  frontier,  and  their  neutral  charac- 
ter was  entirely  lost  by  this  .subserviency  to  our 
enemv.  ^Yhat— shall  a  person  establish  himself  on 
my  borders,  and  m.ake  his  h.ouse  the  asjlum  of  as- 
sassins, and  plead  the  sancaty  of  his  right  to  pos- 
sess it?  Nay,  nay— the  luv/  of  God,  of  n.dure,  and 
humanity,  dictates  his  ejectment  and  punishment. 
Yet  there  were  some  drivelling  politicians — men  of 
whom  I  would  have  expected  better  things,  who 
stood  ready  to  condemn  Jackson's  expedition  to 
rensavola,  the  scat  of  an  enemy's  force,  concen- 
ti-.ited  to  place  the  tomahawk  and  sGidping  knife  in 
the  hand  of  his  idlr,  llie  savage! 

An  idea  has  go"ne  fjrth  that  Great  Britain  may 
be  at  the  bottom  of  this  business,  the  Flondas  be- 
ing  cedetl  to  hex-.  Time  will  unfold  whether  this 
is  ihe  ca-e  or  not.  But  what  does  Great  Britain 
want  the  Floridas  f:)r?  litis  she  not  already  territory- 
enough  to  satisfy  an  ambition  sliort  of  thi.t  of -Alex- 
ander the  Great,  who  sigi-ed  for  another  world  to 
conquer?  \n  hundred  millions  of  people  in  Asia, 
onlv,  acknowledge  her  sceptre;  and  in  every  part 
of  the  habiu.ble' globe  tliere  are  countries  subject 
vo  lier,  who  culed  Bonaparte  ambition..!  Tlie  Flo- 
ridas ofier  )io  incense  to  tlie  god  she  worships,  ex^ 
ccpt  as  a  check  upon  the  Uniied  Banes,  for  the 
commerce  tliev  alibrd  is  of  no  consequence— not 
equal  to  the  expences  to  be  incuiTcd  by  tlie  esta- 
blishment that  must  be  kept  up  to  maintain  tlic 
p«ssession.  Tlie  very  act  of  receiving  them,  there- 
fore, supposing  even  they  were  freely  offered  with- 
out any  eq\ilvalent,  would  have  in  it  a  spiiic  of 
hostility  that  cannot  be  mistaken— wjich  ought  to 
be  'U.'irded  against. 

We  cannot'  believe,  however,  that  Great  Britaiu 
is  anxious  for  another  war  with  the  United  States- 
vet,  we  fear  she  is  so  si'u.ited  that  siie  cannot  sup- 
port a  peace  establitsiiment,  and  must  quarrel  with 
s,)mebody.  V/e,  certainly,  have  no  desire  to  quar- 
rel with  her,  nor  even  with  Spain;  though  a  contest 
with  tlie  lattei-  power  alone,  might  rather  be  court- 
ed tiian  feared  bv  an  aspiring  people,  anxious  to 
build  up  and  perfect  u  n.itio.v.d  character,  and 
strengthen  and  enrich  themselves:  And  besides, 
tue  cause  of  maukiad  miglit  be  subserved  thereby, 
in  aiding  the  emancipation  of  the  most  productive 
countries  in  the  world,  from  the  grasp  of  a  perfi- 
dious ingrate  and  his  blasi>liemous  priests. 

Wliat  is  the  real  toimdation  of  this  procedure  «f 
D  B 


406    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  T'EBBUARY  10,  1816. 


Mte  Spanish  minister,  supposing  it  aiitl)orisc(l  by  his 
court,  is  not  c!early  understood.  Perhaps,  these 
clainis  are  made  to  be  betorL--liiuid  witii  those  that 
Mr.  Ervinsf  is  specially  cliarg-ed  to  prets  upon  tlie 
ypanish  government,  and  tjiis  may  be  considered  a 
pretty  deep  state  trick  at  procrasiination.  Per- 
luips,  the  Floridas  have  been  ceded  to  Great  Hri- 
tiiin,  and  are  held  as  the  seed  of  a  new  war  when 
poIic:i  or  necessity  leads  lord  CasOereagh  to  make 
it,  ])!()pel  in'i;-  Fcrdi/iniul,  in  the  mei.n  time,  as  his 
juckall.  li  t,  we  wouid  iiope,  he  would  g-.\in  as  lit- 
tle h\  another  contest  as  he  did  in  tlie  last;  in 
wliich,  instead  of  "crippling"  us  for  tit\y  years"  as 
Was  mugjiur.imrmslij  desip^ned,  he  pui  us  forward 
tweiity.  And  the  procedure  would  to;  ever  close 
the  Atnerican  market  to  iSritish  miuiufuciures,  und 
make  us  her  rival  in  that  of  the  world.  Peace 
with  us  is  her  true  policy  as  well  as  our  own — 
and  if  she  is  really  dcsi; ous  to  pre.erve  it,  there 
will  be  no  uifiiculty  between  us;  if  otherwise,  we 
cannot  help  it.  But  Spain  must  keep  jier'  musta- 
chios  witiiin  their  pro])er  bouiidaiic.-; — or  the  Puii- 
lippine  island,  the  most  remote  of  her  possessions, 
will  become  a  resting  place  for  the  Ci'.gle. 

It  is  net  generally  tliouglit  that  an  open  rupture 
will  grow  otit  of  our  relations  with  Spain,  at  least 
for  a  considerable  time  to  come.  It  v/ould  be  pro- 
per, however,  to  be  prepared  for  it.  ^\'e  wouid 
lieai-tily  rejoice  if  some  diversion  were  made  hi  fa- 
vor of  tlie  p  1  triols  of  the  provir.ces  ;  bul  we  are  not 
so  sit\iated  as  .spontaneously  to  cmburk  in  their 
cause,  tliough  it  i^  the  cause  of  mankiiul.  The  state 
of  tise  woriti  is  peculiar,  and  we  may  have  enough 
to  do  to  nsaitage  our  ov.n  affairs,  Inisbamling-  evcnj 
reiour:e,  to  meet  imy  datevvdnatlon  that  may  have  been 
furni'id  to  destroy  ii-hat  yet  reinains  of  freedom  to  the 
hxtinan  race  as  dangerous  ts  the  rights  of  kings. 

HENrNdATlON. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Air.    CevnUos,  Fecretary   of 

staid   of  Ids  catholic  majesty,  to  Mr    l-'inckney,  mi- 

nister  of  the  United  Stales  at  JMulrid. 

"ilis  ni.ijcsty  has  thought  proper  to  he.vouvce  his 
■protest  against  the  alienation  of  Lonisiajia  by  France, 
Jill. withstanding  the  soiid  motives  on  wiiich  tiiat 
protest  was  founded  ;  ahording,  in  tills  w;,)',  a  new 
proof  of  his  benevolence  and  friendship  for  the 
United  Siates. 

(Signed)  PEDRO  CEVAl.LOS. 

El  Fardo,  Feb.  10,  1814-." 


Uwited  Provinces  ol"  La  Plata. 

The  ediiorof  the  Ur.rusT:.*-  has  been  poiitelv  u.vor- 
ed  with  the  following  very  interesting  particulars 
on  the  "state  of  tlie  military  forces  eHg:!gi.d  in 
defence  of  the  United  Provinces"  of  La  PhVia,  l;v 
a  gentleman  of  the  first,  consideration  in  that  de- 
ligutuil  couniry,  on  whom  the  utmost  reli.;nce 
may  he  pL'.ced.  The  friuids  of  fieedoni  will, 
with  gre;,t  pleasure,  observe  the  strengtii  and  dis- 
Y>osition  of  t!ie  patriots — and  conclude  that  the 
power  of  Spiin  is  totally  iiiCompetenl  to  reduce 
tl.em  again  to  lier  racks  and  wlieeis  aiidmouopo 

Jiis — vviLh  tyranny  and  cruehy  in  every  siiape. 

An  old  school-maie  of  the  e  vitor's  observes,  confi- 
dend)',  that  they  can,  av  Buenos-Ayres,  give  ; 
good  account  of  any  2u.0'JJ  men  that  Emopi 
Can  ser.d  ag.^/mst  the  republicans. 

Present  stati;  of  the  MitiTAKv  forces  occuriEi 

i>i   iii-.'-r^ri:  or  rue  umtki)   i'Hovjxces. 

[Tiaiisl«t>;<l  for  the  'We.klv  Kcgister.l 

liUEXOb  AViiE.>3. 

There  are  in  this  city  6utJtt  veterans  of  artillery. 

i,"fautry  and    cavalry.     Reoruils  are   cotK^Uauly  aV 

itvrngto  complete  ti;c  80UG  wliicfe  afrc  destined  bv 


the  government,  as  a  corps  of  reserve,  to  oppose 
the  tlueatened  invasion  of  the  Span);,rds.  The  lo. 
ca;  militia  of  infantry  in  service  are  6,000  well  dis. 
eiplined  u\en,  and  possessing  every  good  quality 
which  can  belong  to  them.  Tiie  stand  of  arms  (or 
armory)  is  abundantly  provided  by  the  continual  re- 
mittance of  fusils,  made  bv  tlie  friends  of  otir  sa- 
cred ci'.use.  The  manufactory  of  fusils,  which  made 
20  daily,  is  suspended,  that  others  may  he  introduc- 
ed at  more  conveniein  prices.  The  militia  cavalry 
are  lisciplining  themselves  ^.ith  great  diligence,  and 
the  Director  reviews  them  every  eight  days.  The 
quarters  of  all  these  forces  are  established  50le..gues 
in  the  intei-ior,  and  a  ph.n  of  defence  has  been 
adopted  sufficient  to  resist  all  the  power  of  oiu-  op- 
pressors. 

ORIENTAL  BAN  DA. 

There  is  not  a  man  in  this  fertile  province  who 
has  not  taken  up  arms  in  its  defence.  The  people 
are  energetic,  valiatit  and  accustomed  to  sc-iurge 
tyrants.  The  chief  of  tlie  orientals  is  col.  Don  .lose 
Artigas,  who  is  much  beiov ed  by  those  un.der  his 
command.  He  has,  at  present,  4000  veterans  use- 
fidly  employeil.  They  are  determined  to  destroy 
every  thing  which  cannot  be  defended.  Tlu  Span- 
iards and  Portuguese  know  tlie  respecf  which  'liey 
deserve.  Artigas  has  establisi'ed,  300  leagues  in 
tiie  interior,  a  vilL.ge  called  Pwiftcution,  in  which 
are  more  tluui  600  European  Spaniaids,  gu.trded 
by  a  competent  garrison,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
evFects  of  their  pernicious  doctrines,  as  well  as  by 
way  of  reprisal  for  the  Americans  who  were  sacri- 
ficed by  th.e  Spanlsli  comuiandei-s  in  even  ]).iri  of 
the  colonies.  'Fids  notice  luUl  be  very  convenient  ta 
the  editor  of  the  Jiitvana  Gazette. 

PKOMNCE  OF  PARAGUAY. 

T!ie  force  of  this  consists  of  oOOO  veterans,  and  a 
great  munber  of  militia  and  cavalrv.  They  have 
:iot  shared  in  any  of  the  honors  of  the  war,  but  .re 
well  disposed  to  it;  and  to  tiiis  end,  antl  to  aid  the 
otiier  provinces,  they  hold  considerable  property 
in  reserve.  It  is  commanded  by  don  N.  Francha, 
whose  talents  are  highlv  spoken  of. 
PROVINCE  OF  CUYO. 

Its  force  is  30  0  fusiiiers,  and  a  numerous  and 
choice  militia  and  cavahy.  TJiey  passed  tJie  Cor- 
dilleras in  December,  to  reconquer  Cliili.  Among 
tiiese  3000  veterans  is  a  regiment  of  Chiiese  caval- 
ry, who  united  with  Alendoza,  in  October  It4l4,  and 
protected  th.e  emi;;:ration  of  2000  persons  of  both 
sexes.  The  cliief  of  the  expcdi  ion  is  colonel-ma^ 
jor  D.  Jose  San  Martin,  who  seiwed  several  years 
in   the  Sjianish  army. 

THE  KWSIY  OF  UPPER  PERU, 
Af.er  several  \ic<oiies  over  the  royal  army,  has 
reconquered,  in  a  little  tii7ie,  the  territory  between 
•hipis  and  Orurx.  The  strong- positions  which  Pez- 
i.eia  occuiiicd  in  Cotagaita,  had  formed  new  chains 
for  South  America;  but  they  onlv  served  to  augment 
the  g-lories  of  the  leg-ions  of  Rio  del  Plata,  under  the 
orders  o!  the  virtuous  and  valiant  general  don  Jose 
Rondeau.  Tne  advance  of  his  i;rmy  are  in  (;hayan- 
tu,  and  he  is  marching  M'itii  hi  united  forces  to 
give  the  mortal  blow  to  the  despot,  Ab;-.scal.  Can 
Peznela,  with  3if00  persecuted,  dispirited,  merce- 
naries, resist  ZOOO  victoi  ions  i  e]nibiicans,  coramand- 
eil  by  worthy  chiefs?  The  desertion  of  the  troops 
of  Peznela  is  scandalous,  and  his  limiiied  re.sotirc- 
es  place  iiira  in  an  unfortmiate  situation.  I'otosi  gave 
Koude.ai  ihe  means  of  paying  his  troops,  and  he 
;,.  sieiied  inup.ediattly  to  remit  supplies  of  money  to 
Skienos  Ayres.  Tlie  inhabitants  of  the  towns  that 
liad  been  freed  from  oppression  ran  to  join  the  sol- 
iliers  oflibern.  ThesU))rerne  Director  has  recent- 
fy  seiit  col.-niajor  D.  N.  French  with  200t'  choic  S 


NILES'  WEEICLY  REGISTER— WAR  OFFICE  CONTRACTS. 


407 


veterans  and  3000  fusees,  to  reinforce  Rondeau.  Ii 
is  thoug-ht  that  Pezr.ela  intends  to  retreat  throu;jch 
Cusco;  but  every  province  is  in  complete  insurrec- 
tion ag-ainst  the  royalists.  The  cliicf  of  the  Cus- 
i|uena  insurrection  was  a  c  -sique  called  Pornacagua, 
tlesceiv'ed  from  the  Incas,  «lio  lield  tlie  rank  of 
field-marshal  from  the  king-.  Ramire,',,  [general  of 
division  of  the  royal  army,  had  the  fortiuie  to  take 
him  prisoner;  and,  that  lie  might  not  disgrace  the 
^00(1  (jualities  of  a  Spnnisli  commander,  he  had  his 
tongue  bored  with  allot  iror.,  and  destroyed  him  by 
the  torUire.  The  glories  of  this  tyrant  did  not  last 
long — for  the  division  of  Angulo  forced  him  to  a 
retreat  in  which  he  lost  a  g;  eat  part  of  his  troops. 
Then  Was  Pomacagua  avenged  with  the  death  of  a 
ii'unber  of  European  Spaniards,  put  to  the  sword  by 
tliose  w!io  had  grieved  at  his  loss.  One  cluld  of 
tills  unfortunuie  man  has  joined  tlie  p:<rty  of  his 
fcither,  and   follows  up  the  work  with  enthusiasm. 

,  Angulo,  and  the  famous  Arenalcs,  native  of  Cata- 
luna,  Iiave  already  joined  Roadeau  with  their  re- 
spectable divisions,  whicli  have  rendered  many  im- 
portant services.  Abascal  cannot  ir.crease  his  mi- 
serable army,  because  the  spirit  of  insurrection  is 
spread  through  all  the  territory  under  his  Cf>mmand. 
He  was  compelled  to  occupy  Chili  with  1560  of  his 
most  confidential  men,  and  already  many  of  tliose 
have  passed  over  to  lloudeau.  Iii  the  year  1S16, 
we  may  hope  for  a  success  whiclv  will  secure  our 
cause. 

Since  the  popular  commotions  of  April  of  this 
year,  whicli  concluded  happily,  all  the  people  of 
the  united  provinces  enjoy  tranquility,  and  are  oc- 
cupied in  raising  forces  for  their  defence,  and  in  or- 
ganizing their  governments,  whach  will  be  in  con- 
formity to  those  of  the  Vrdted  Stales.  I^cpresen- 
tatives  are  elected  to  compose  a  general  congress, 
to  whose  decision  all  the  peo;)le  offer  to  sub- 
mit. They  will  open  their  session  in  February  or 
March.  A  declaration  of  independence  appears  in- 
dubitable. 

CHILI. 
This  rising   state  yielded  to   the   royal  forces  by 
an  extraordinary  evest,  on  the  2d  October,  1814.— 
The  iniquity  of  certnin  strangers  who,  to  the  dis' 
grace  of  this  delightful  country,   were  at  the  head 
of  the  government    and  of  the  ti-oops,  proposed  to 
the  enemy  the  most  degrading  and  perfidious  capi 
tulation.     "When  a  remedy  was  proposed  it  was  al 
ready  too  late.     The  enemy,  under  shelter  of  Ihe 
capitulation,  was  considerably  strengthened    by 
strong  Sjii-.nish  division,  v/hich   had  a  little  before 
arrived  at  Lima  from   the  peninsula.     Commodore 
lliUyar  ougjit  to  blush  at  tlie  active  part  which  he 
took  in  the  sacrifice  of  a  million  of  hihabitants,  who 
were  fighting  for  liberty.     After  having  obtained, 
by  his  bad  faith,  and  by  the  criminal  conduct  of  the 
governor   of  Valparaiso,  the  tiiumph  of  capturing 
the  Essex,  he  presented  himself  in  tiie  capiud  wit) 
in.structions  fiom  Ab:.scal  as  a  mediator  in  the  c.tpi 
tulation  wliich   v.-as  proposed,  for   tlie   purpose  of 
giving  time  for  the  arrival  of  the  reinforce  nimt.— 

.  lljliyar  succeeded  in  deceiving  the  weuk  Director 
of  (;hili,  and  other  ignoiant  persons,  without  any 
other  ti-ouble  tiian  tliat  of  s^iyiiig  ni.iss,  uiid  .shew- 

.  ing  himself  to  the  anny  clothed  'in  th.e  robes  of  the 
nuns.  [There  is  something  else  here  about  {Iilh:;r 
which  we  caimot  untlerstand;  it  co:icludes  wich]— 
this  hypocritical  intruder  created  liii)iself  perpetu- 
al govenior  of  Ciiiii,  ;*nd  set  sail  wlien  he  had  done 
all  the  miscliie"  lie  could. 

Tiic  present  governor  of  Cliili  is  colonel  Osorio. 
Alltiie  forces    uvKler  his  conmund  umnunt  to  4U0u 

,    men;  half  of  which  are  natives  of  the  countrv,  and 


serve  by  compulsion.  Osorio,  like  all  the  Spanish 
chiefs,  has  taken  the  side  of  oppression.  The  isl; 
anct  of  Juan  Fernandez  is  the  deposit  of  500  \)atri- 
ots  of  the  principal  families.  The  contributions 
are  insupportable,  and  the  property  of  all  the  emi- 
grants and  prisoners  is  delivered  up  t.^  the  pillage 
of  the  band  of  scoundrels  that  form  the  royal  ar- 
my. The  moment  of  vengeance  approaclej.  The 
fields  are  already  covered  v.'ith  numerous  parties 
to  oppose  all  who  belong  to  the  royal  side.  The 
cmigr;'.nts  crossed  the  Andes  ia  December,  witli  au 
imposing  enthusiasm,  under  the  protection  of  the 
Argentine  legions.  Emigrants  ai'e  coiisLantly  arriv- 
ing- at  Mendoza,  begging  protection  from  their  crui 
el  oppressors.  Its  re-conquest  has  been  prevented 
by  a  little  squadron  of  four  .ships  under  die  orders 
of  general  15rown,  so  well  disposed  as  to  destroy 
tlie  commeice  of  Lima,  shut  up  its  ])rivateers,  and 
secure  them  from  the  use  of  Osorio,  if  he  should 
attempt  to  retreat.  We  liope  that  the  ajjprouch, 
ing  summer  will  complete  the  purification  of  tiiis 

counti  V. 

Jiuenos-J!jres,8thJ\'ov.  1815. 


War-OHice  Contracts. 

Tha  foUov.'ing  brief  abstract  of  a  letter  from  the 
secretary  of  war  to  the  speaker  of  tlie  house  of 
rcprescntittlves,  dated  January  23,  ISl'o,  may  be 
useful  to  some. 
Contractu  fur  the  siipp'li  of  rations  to  the  troops. 
In  New-Jersey  IG  cents  8  mills. 

Illinois,    Missouri    and    In- 
diana 17  to  36  cents 
Massachusetts  1-9     ,,  „ 
Vermont  and  its  northern 

boundary  19     „  „ 

N.  YorK,  north  of  West  Point,&.c.  19i  „  „ 

south  of  the  higiilands, 

including  West  Point  16     „      7      ,, 
Connecticut  and  Rhode  IsLuid     17     „  „ 

Mississippi  ter.  and  Loui- 

sii'.na '  15-i  to  I7h  „  ,, 

Michigan  ter.  near  the  up- 
per lakes,  and  Ohio  15A  to  25  „  „ 
Pcnnsylvar.ia  17  to  18  „  ,, 
Virginia  15  „  ,, 
S<)Uth  Carolina  ~U  „  ,,. 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee  14  to  15  ,,  ,', 
New-Hampshire,  Alaine  &  their 

nortliern  vicinilies  18     ,,      73    >» 

Delaware,  Mary  hind  and 

District  of  Columbia       15  to  17i  ,,  ,, 

Georgia  and  its  soutiiern  vicinity  17     „      7^    „ 
North  Carolina  17^  „  „ 

I'I.ese  contracts  -were  made  in  January,  February, 
March  and  May  last. 

Contracts  fur  iron  castinjs. 
Mortars  and  32  and  2^  pounder 

cannon  §133  1-3  p.  ton 

Eji,hteen  pounders  21^0         „ 

Light  12  poLmder.s,  field  service  140     each. 

(3's      „  „  70 

3's       .,  51  50         ,, 


ilowi'.zers,  24's  „ 

Shells,  various  sizes 

Carcases 

Shrapnell  shells,  24's 

>,  -^^ 

Round  shot,  100  to  IS  poundera 


Grape  sh'jt,  12,  6  and  3 


CO 

150  per  ton. 
160 
112^  each. 

90i       „' 

£5         „ 

AO 

i/'5  per  ton, 

i'i5 


408      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  181&, 


141  to  15  p'  1-  slrtncl.' 
17     each. 
3  per  yard.  ; 


Arms 

Rifles,  complete 

6-4  blue  clolh 

Blankets 

Gnn  powder  55  to  60  Gents  per  Ih. 

These  contracts  are  of  various  dates,  chiefly  of 
1815. 


H  eacli. 


Duties  on  Imports. 

Letter  from  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  to  the 
chairman  of  tlie  committee  of  \VTiys  and  means, 
containing  an  estimate  of  the  whole  amovmt  of  the 
duties  on  nicrciiandize  imported,  which  accrued 
in  the  year  1815 

Treasitry  Department,. Tan.  20,  1&16. 
Sin — I  have  received  yotir  note,  requesting-  a 
statement  of  t!ie  whole  anioimt  of  bonds  given  for 
duties  on  importations  which  accrued  in  1815.  Tlie 
portion  of  the  duties  on  merchandize  imported,  for 
wliicli  no  bonds  are  g-iven,  is  probably  not  more 
than  one  per  cent,  of  the  whole  amount,  and  can- 
not, without  di'Ticulty,  be  distinguished  from  that 
portion  for  wiiich  bonds  are  g-lven.  It  is  so  small 
tliat  I  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  make  any 
separate  estimate  of  it,  aiid  shall,  therefore,  g-ive 
in  answer  to  your  note  an  estimate  of  the  whole 
amount  of  duties  on  merchandize  imported,  which 
accrued  in  tlie  year  181-5. 

The  estimate  contained  in  tlie  annu«al  report  was 
made  in  the  month  of  November,  before  returns 
for  any  part  of  ilie  fourth  cpiarter  of  the  year,  except 
fi'om  "ihe  smallest  and  most  inconsiderable  districts, 
had  been  received,  and  before  the  large  impor- 
tations of  tliat  (juarter  were  knovv'n  at  tli  ■  treasury 
to  have  taken  place.  At  the  present  moment  the 
returns  from  the  larger  districts,  for  tlie  third  quar- 
tii'ofthe  year,  are  not  complete,  and  for  tlie  fourth 
quarter  of  the  year  are  still  more  deficient.  The 
gi'eat  pressure  of  business  in  the  custom  houses  has, 
doubtless,  occasioned  this  luuisual  delay.  The  con- 
.sequences  is,  that  it  is  only  for  the  first  and  second 
quiuters  of  tlie  year  1815,  that  a  correct  statement 
can  be  given.  For  the  third  quarter  an  estimate 
can  be  given  nearly  correct ;  but  for  the  fourth 
quarter,  it  can  be  formed  only  by  conipurisoTi  witli 
the  preceding,  the  returnsof  bonds  taken  beingdcfi- 
cient  fi'jm  some  of  the  most  considerable  districts 
for  tilt;  whole  qiiarter,  and  fiom  neai-ly  all  the  most 
considerable  districts  for  the  two  last  months  of 
tiie  quarter. 

ARerm.king  this  explanation,  I  liavc  to  S'tate, 
that  the  amount  of  duties  on  racri.-!uir.di/.e  imported 
d-uring  the  lirst  quaricrof  tlie  year  1815,  amounted 
t^  _  S862,845  27 

And  during  the  second  quarter  of  tlie 
^  same  year  to  10,454,275  56 

From  the  ]-eturns  received,  it  is  be- 
lieved that  tlie  duties  for  the  3i\ 
quarter  of  the  year  will  somewhat 
exceed  those  for  the  second.    Tliey 


that  for  the  wh«le  quar- 
ter the  duties  will  equal 
those  of  the  3d  quarter. 


say 


10,700,000 


-21,400,009 


Estimated  amount  of  duties  on  mer- 
chandizeimported  during  the  whole 


^•ca^, 


The  tonnage  duties,  light  money,  and 
duties  on  passports  and  clearances 
amounted,  durhig  the  first  and  se- 
cond quarters  of  the  year  1815,  to 

Dmingthe  tliird  and  fourth  quarLers, 
as  fewer  foreign  vessels  wei-c  em- 
ployed in  oiu-  commerce,  these 
bi-anches  will  be  prsportionably  less 
productive  and  are  estimated  at 


32,697,120  83 


251,136  9"9 


300,000 
551,138  99 


Gross  proceeds  of  the  customs,  as  es- 
timated for  the  year  1815,  33,248,257  S2 
The  drawbacks,  bounties,  allowances 

and  cxpenccs  of  collection,  are  to 

be  deducted  from  this  sum  in  order 

to  ascertain  the  nett  amount  which 

will  be  receivable  mto-  the  treasury. 
Tlie  debentures  for  drav/backs  issued 

during  the  first  quiu'ter  of  the  year 

1815,  amounted  to  "  76,274  41 

And  during  the  second  quarter  of  that 

year,  to  323,086  39 

Duruig  that  period  the  re-ex-portations 

were  very   small,    comjjared    with 

tliose  which  took  place  during  the 

3d  and  4tii  quarters. 
As  the  markets  became  glutted  witk 

foreign  merchandise,  the  quantity 

sent  abroad  for  better  prices  would 

naturally  increase.     It  is  believed 

that  *he  drawback  on  the  portions 

thus  re-exported,  durhig  the  3d  and 

4th  quarters  of  1815,  will  amount 

to 
The  bounties  and  allowances  actually 

payable  durhig  the  year  1815,  will 

be  small,  probably  not  exceeding 
The   expences  of  collection  will  "be 

augmented  by   the  cost  of  several 

revenue  cutters,  to  replace   those 

lost    during   the   war.     The  whole 

amount  may  be  estimated  at  900  000 


3,500,000 


100,000 


are,  therefore,  estimated 
■-".t  10,700,000 

The  returns  for  the  fourth 
quarter  arc  so  imperfect 
as  to  aflbi'd  little  or  no 
means  of  estimating  tlie 
total  amount,  li  is  known 
generally  tliat  tlie  impor- 
ti'.tions  in  the  i:i6nths  of 
i\o\-.  were  large,  and  that 
in  tlie  months  of  Cct.  and 
0i>c.  they  were  less  co:i- 
^trable.-  It  Js  suppose* 


4,899,360  88 

And  will  leave  for  the  nett  amount  of 
the  revenue  of  customs,  accruing 
in  the  year  1815,  tlie  sum  of  28,348,897  02' 


This  exceeds  the  sum  st.ated  in  the  annual  report, 
by  an  amount  of  S3,348,897  02  r  an  excess  produc 
ed  by  the  extraordhiary  importations  during  the 
fourth  quarter  of  the  year,  beyond  what  had  been- 
anticipated  ;  and  in  relation  to'wliich  it  may  not  be 
improper  to  remark,  that  as  those  importations  have 
surcharged  the  market  with  many  articles,  a  pio- 
portionatt  di.  inutioii  in  the  importation  of  those 
ai-ticles,  and  consequently  of  the  duties  upon  which 
imjiortations  during  the  ensuing  yeai-,  may  be  ex- 
pected. 

It  ought  also  to  be  observed,  that  this  excess  will 
be  wliolly  absorbed  by  the  deficit,  as  stated  in  the 
.^miuai  report  of  tke  monies  receivable  into  tlio- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— MIL  LEE'S  CORRESPONDENCE.    ^©9 


"b'easury  during  the  year  1816  ;  and,  indeed,  will  be  /fhis,  sir,  is  ratlier  an  arbirtary  proceeding'.  It  ^^ 
insufficient  to  meet  the  whole  of  that  deficit.  But  trifling  with  the  ritTrhts  and  privilege.^  of  a  native 
it  will  relieve  the  treasury  from  the  necessity  of|  American  citizen,  established  in  France  under  the 
borrowing  money,  or  of  issuing  treasury  notes,  or  ofjfdt!!  of  furmer  treaties,  as   a  mere  f.ictor  for  lus 

iorhts  of  lios- 


easurv  iiuiii  LJit  m-i-vooi..^^  wi  |  jiii.^m^un  v-iLiicra,  csiHijiisiieu  111  rraiiec 
of  issuing  treasury  notes,  or  ofjfaitli  of  furmer  treaties,  as  a  mere  f.ict 
s  already  issued  in  circulation,!  coimtr^nnen.     It  is  a  violation  of  the  rigl 


leaving  treasury  notes 

for  making  good  tliat  deficit  to  an  extent  equal  to 

the  sum  of  g3,348,897  02,  above  stated. 

I  have  the  honor  to   he,  very  respectfully,  sir, 
vour  most  obedient  servant, 

A.  J.  DALLAS. 

Hon.  Wm.  Ijjxundes, 

Chairman  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means. 


Important  Correspondence. 

The  following  official  lecfers  p.ssed  be' ween  Mv 
Lee,  our  con.sul  at  Bordeaux,  and  t!ie  governor  of 
the  department  of  the  tiiroude.  Tiu-  trrlnciple  con- 
tended for — not  (it  appears)  by  the  present  govern- 
ment of  France,  but  by  the  creatures  of  that  govern- 
ment— is  at  once  so  absurd  and  tyrannical,  that 
when  an  American  mercliant,  at  Bordeaux,  was  told 
•that  "he  was  taxed  fi)r  tus/'icw/ftesaiid  liis  capita^' 
he  replied  to  one  pf  tiie  chief  assessors—"  I  ov^'e 
you  a  tax  on  my  house  and  patent  for  tlie  personal 
pi'otection  your  government  affords  me — this  I 
have  paid;  but  as  to  my  faculties  and  ca/rital,  I  am 
indebted  for  t/iem  to  God  and  my  country,  and 
therefore  owe  you  nothing  for  w'lat  you  have  not 
the  power  to  give,  protect  or  take  av.  ay." 

It  will  be  unnecessary  to  explain  the  cause  or 
nature  of  tliis  dispute;  the  perusal  of  Mr.  Lee's 
letters  will  best  develope  the  disposition  of  the 
Boyal  fi.iCtion  in  France— the  rights  that  are  granted 
to  American  merchants;  and,  at  tlie  same  time, 
furnish  an  able  and  handsome  refutation  of  a  plea, 
wliich  is  levelled  both  against  justice  and  common 
sense.— Sf/.  Southern  Pat. 

"  Bordtaiix,  Oct.  5,  1815. 
The  Prefect  of  Bordeaux,  &e.  &c. 

.M.  Le  couxt- -My  countryman,  Mr  :  Andrews,  a 
resident  mercliant  in  this  city,  has  been  taxed  on 
the  roll  for  the  military  contribution  of  100,900,000, 
the  sum  of  6,208  francs;  against  the  injustice  of 
v-hich,  he  appeals  to  you,  requesting  me  on  transmit- 
ting to  you  the  enclosed  letter  on  tlus  subject,  to 
support  his  reclamation.  But  I  find  he  has  stated 
in  so  clear  and  pointed  a  manner,  the  illegality  of 
this  imposition,  that  lie  l:as  left  no  room  for  me  to 
make  any  additional  observations  thereon.- Having 
in  this  country  no  civil  rights,  no  French  commei-cial 
privileges  whatever,  he  ought  not  by  the  laws  and 
usages  of  nations,  to  be  called  upon  to  concur  hi 
any  extraordinary  war  tax,  for  the  supporl  of  a 
government,  in  which,  from  owing  allegiance  to  his 
native  state,  he  cannot,  nor  is  not  allowed  to  take 
the  smallest  share,  and  the  charges  of  which  the 
subjects  of  his  majesty,  are  alone  bound  from  duty 
and  affection  to  sustain.     I  am,  &c.  Sec. 

(Signed)  ^^^•  LEE." 

"  Bordeaux,  Oct.  20th,  1815. 
Sir,— Mr.  Gueyrieux,  receiver  of  th.e  North, 
certified  the  day  before  yesterday,  to  my  coimtry- 
man,  Mr.  Andrews,  that  unless  he  paid  immediately 
the  sum  of  six  thousand  two  hundred  and  eight 
francs,  for  which  he  is  avowedly  taxed,  according 
to  his  supposed  faculty  and  capita!  on  the  roll  of  the 
war  contribution  of— hundred  millions,  he  should 
send  Garnisaires  to  his  house— and  yesterday  the 
same  receiver  make  known  to  Mi-.  Ar.drews,  as  you 
will  perceive  by  the  inclosed  notification— that 
unless  he  paid  the  amount  of  this  tax  in  three  days 
fi-omthe  date  of  t!ic  same,  liis  funitiire  Aud  effects 
should  be  seized  cvA  sold  for  the  payment  thereof. 


pitality,  and  ci^inot  be  justified  upon  any  principle 
of  the  laws  and  usages  of  nations. 

Tlie  Ordinance  of  his  majesty,  of  the  I6th  of 
August,  on  which  this  war  contribution  is  founded; 
30  far  from  justifying  the  assessors  in  tixing  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States,  establisiied  in  France,  for 
his  sitpposed  facility  and  capital,  exempts,  in  my 
opi;iion,  every  such  ci'.izen  from  the  same.  That 
ordinance  is  thws  worded  : — "  Such  is  the  state  of 
"  tilings,  that  we  have  not  a  choice  of  means — and, 
"  thei-efore,  we  must  j.dopt  those  which  present  the 
"  least  inconvenirnce;  and  which  at  the  s.ime  time, 
"  appcnr  the  best  calculated  to  relieve  tliose  of  our 
"  snlijects  who  have  suffered  tlie  most  by  calling  on 
"  tliQse  who  have  felt  in  a  lesser  degree  those  evil?, 
"  to  come  to  tlieir  relief" — And  fm-iher  on,  full  of 
"  confidetice  in  the  patriotism  of  the  principal  mer- 
"  cliants,  proprietors  M^r\  capitalintg,  we  wish  to  asso- 
"  ci.ae  them  to  our  solicitude  for  the  relief  of  their 
"  compatriots." 

I'hus  by  the  decree  Itself,  it  clearly  appears,  that 
his  myjesty  lias  appealed  to  the  patriotism  of  hi-5 
subjects,  to  the  French  merchants  proprietors,  and 
capitaiists,  and  not  to  .Lnerican  merchants  and  capit- 
alistf,  which  no  doubt,  was  foreign  t".  om  his  hitcn- 
tioiis.  Tliis  being  tlK;  intent  and  meaning  of  ^he 
ordhiance,  it  remains  to  be  proved,  before  Mr. 
\ndrews  can  be  subjected  to  bear  any  part  of  this 
war  contribuiiun,  fuither  than  t' e  portion  due  on 
his  house  and  his  patent  as  a  meichfuit,  that  he  is  a 
French  subject.  If  he  has  been  naturalized  as  such, 
if  he  enjoys  all  the  civil  ric-h's  of  a  Frenchman,  let 
iiim  pay  for  his  supposed  faculty  and  capital  But, 
as  this  is  not  the  ci-se,  I  prjy,  sir,  you  will  order 
that  all  pursuits  against  hiin  for  this  tax  of  620^ 
francs,  openly  and  avowedly  laid  on  his  ficulty  Rnd 
capital,  be  suspended  uniil  a  formal  decision  shall 
be  h.ad  thereon  from  Paris. 
I  have  the  honor,  &c.  Sec. 
(Signed)  W.  LEE, 

To  count  Tournon,  Prefect  of  llie  Bepart't  of  Giroiidiv' 

"  Bjrdeunx,  23f/  Oct.  1815. 
To  Mr.  LEE,  consul  of  the  United  States. 
Sin — I  have  the  honor  to  answer  the  letter  \o\i 
wrote  me  on  the  20th,  in  which  you  complain  of'the 
taxation  of  .Mr.  Andrews  for  the  war  contributio;  . 
I  have  seen  with  astonishment  that  you  consider 
as  a  violution  of  the  rights  of  hcspitoUty,  an  act  of  a 
government,  wlio  has  never  ceased  to  jjive  to  your 
compatriots  high  marks  of  protecioii.      Such  ex- 
pressions can  but  tend  to  injure  the  rel.itions  be- 
tv/een  us,  as  for  the  interest  of  the  two  nations,  as 
should  they  in  future  be  found  in  your  correspon- 
dence, it  will   be  my  duty  to  render  an  account- 
thereof  to  my  goverr.ment. 

Mr.  Andrews  has  exercised  for  a  long  time  the 
profession  of  a  mercliant  in  Bordeaux.  He  enjoys 
the  protection  of  the  govemment  and  the  advantage': 
of  our  commercial  larjs.  He  submitted  as  a  merchan*, 
to  pay  the  personal  tax  imposed  on  that  professior . 
Hov/  then  can  he  ask  to  be  exempted  fioin  the 
other  public  charges  equally  imposed  ua  tlie  same 
profession?  Can  he  argue  that  his  quality  of  a 
stranger  exempts  him  from  suppottiug  tliese  im- 
posts, while  he  enjoys  on  tiie  same  line  all  the 
privileges  which  the  government  ..ccci-ds  to  its  aub 
jccts .? 

It  was  not  necessaiy  tliat  the  king  in  his  ordinance, 
shoidd   have   distiaictly   comi)rise<.l   tlie   strangers 


410      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  1816. 


residing-  In  his  estates,  to  obllg-e  those  who  nrc  on 
the  same  footing-  as  his  subjcct'5  to  pni-tiike  of 
all  public  charres.  I  shall  tliorefore  not  examine 
whctiier  Mr.  Andrews  is  naturalized  a  French  sub- 
ject or  not;  it  is  snfiicicnt  for  me  to  know  tliat  lie 
pays  a  patent;  from  that  moment. the  committee 
have  the  right  to  tax  him  according-  to  his  presinned 
facilities. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c.  &c. 

(Signied)  Tlie  Prefect  TOUUXON. 

"Bordeaiix,  25th  Oct.  1815. 
William  Lt;e,  &c.  to  the  Count   Toritsox,  prefect 
of  the  Department  of  the  Cironde. 

Sin — In  answer  to  the  letter  you  did  me  the  ho- 
nor to  write  me  on  the  23d,  which  I  have  but  this 
moment  received,  I  beg-  leave  to  observe,  that  so 
fiirfrom  having  accused  his  m.ijesty's  government, 
of  violating^  the  laws  of  hospitality  towards  my  fel- 
low-citizcns;  I  have  statetl  in  the  very  letter  of 
which  you  complained,  that  I  did  not  tliink  tiie  roy- 
al ordinance,  autiiorised  the  assessors  to  call  on 
American  citizens  established  in  Bordeaux,  for  any 
part  of  this  war  contribution;  other  than  that  which 
they  are  in  duty  boTuul  to  pay  on  their  real  estates 
and  paten  s  as  mercliants. 

His  majesty,  in  t!iat  act,  calls  on  his  ev.hjecis,  who 
have  suffered  the  least,  by  the  distressing  events 
•which  have  of  late  passed  before  us,  to  come  to  the 
assistance  of  those  of  their  compainots,  who,  from 
their  position,  have  felt  the  weight  of  those  evils 
in  a  greater  degree.     Therefore,  as   Mr.  An«irews 


^'ce,  he  is  fiir  from  partaking  "all  the  advantages  °.f 
the  ceniititnH'icil  fiiu'.i  of  France,"  and  that  consequent- 
ly he  ought  to  be  exempted  from  many  of  thecliar. 
ges  to  wliich  Frencli  meichanto  are  liable,  with 
wiiom  on  tlie  score  of  commercial  and  other  privi- 
leges, hecaimot  be  assimilated. 

Tlie  laws  of  France  draw  a  very  distinct  line  be- 
tween the  subject  and  the  foreig-ner,  who  inhabits 
tlie  country,  and  thus  points  sutficiently  clear,  to 
t!ie  distinction  wliich  ought  to  be  made  between 
them,  in  the  lev\  ing  of  all  war  contribuiions.  All 
tlie  real  estates  wliich  the  ciiizens  of  the  United 
States  hold  in  Bordeaux,  for  the  convenience  of 
their  comm-.-rce,  or  otlierwise,  may  be  imposed  in 
the  same  ratio  as  those  of  tlie  natives.  And  their 
patents  as  mercliai\ts,  are  in  the  same  manner,  lia- 
ble to  augmentation, but  when  you  touch  or  tux  tlieir 
aupjiosedfacidty  and  capital,  you  go  farther  than  the 
laws  of  France,  the  law  of  nations,  or  even  the  roval 
ordinance  on  which  you  found  this  imposition,  will 
justify. 

Thus  you  will  observe,  sir,  that  tlie  mode  of  ap- 
portioning and  collecting  this  war  contribution,  in 
the  case  before  us,  involves  a  question  of  the  high- 
est interest  to  American  citizens  established  in 
France,  as  well  as  to  French  subjects,  established 
in  the  United  States.  1  therefore  hope,  that  you 
will  have  the  goodness  to  present  the  same,  with 
all  its  points  and  bearings,  to  tlie  minister  whose 
province  it  is  to  decide  thereon,  that  we  may  know 
in  future,  on  what  footing  the  American  nicrchant. 


caimot  be  placed  on   the   footing  of  a  French  iner-   establisjied    in  Bordeaux,  is  to    be  considered  by 
chant.  Capita! i.-;t,  or  subject,  I  begged  of  you,  sir,  to  j  your  administration,  in  relation  to  his  own  govern-, 
suspend  all    pursuits  against  him,  for  the  sum    of  j  ment,  and  to  that  of  his  majesty. 
6,208  francs,  (wliich,  is  the   amount  of  the  tax   on        1  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  highest  conside- 
liis  supposed /ac7;//i'  and  capita! J  until  a  formal  de-   ration,  &c.  &c. 


cision  on  his  case,  sliould  be  had  from  the  proper 
authorities  at  Paris.  Before  this  decision  is  known 
we  must  not  consider  him  as  taxed  by  virtue  of  a 
decree  of  his  m.-jesty,  but  simply  by  an  act  of  the 
assetsor,<!,  founded  on  a  misconception  or  ndsappii- 
cation  oftjie  royal  ordinance  of  tlie  16th  of  Angus.. 

That  you  have  a  right  to  tax  Mr.  Andrews  for  his 
real  estate,  the  house  in  wliich  he  lives,  and  fin- 
his  patent  as  a  merchant,  we  do  not  question;  wl 
only  contend  that,  you  cannot  tax  iiim  for  his  .wp- 
posed faculty  and  capital  towards  tnese  war  contri- 
butions, with  any  more  justice,  than  you  can  de- 
Tnend  of  him  personal  mihtarv  services — and  tJiat  fur 
tiiese  reasons: 
1st.  He  is  not  a  French  subject  but  on  American  ci. 

tizen. 
2d.  He  is  an  American  and  not  a  French  capitalist, 

the  bulk  of  his  fortune,  f:)r  which  he  is   taxed, 

being  deposited  in  his    own  country  and  not  in 

France 


(Signed) 


W.  LEE." 


Foreign  Articles. 

MARSHAL  MONCEV. 

From  the  J\'exu-York  Coluonbian.  We  are  indebt^ 
ed  to  a  correspondent  for  the  very  interesting  trans* 
lation  below.  Marshal  Moncey's  letter  to  Louis  the 
XV HI.  was  WTitten  on  the  occasion  of  his  refusing 
to  ]n-eside  in  a  court  martial  at  tlie  trial  of  marshal 
Ncy.  Tlie  reader  will  recollect  that  this  refusal  of 
marshal  Moncey  was  treated  as  contumacy,  and  he 
was  ordered  to  be  imprisoned  for  three  months: 
Tetter  from  Juirshal  JMancey,  to  J,niis  XVIII.  on  his 

refused  to  sit  v/i  the  court-murtia.  for   the  trial  rf 

marshal  A''e,y. 

Sire — Will  your  majesty  permit  me  to  raise  my 
feeble  voice  to  you?     Will  it  be  permitted   to  one 


who  !ias  never  deviated  from  the  nalli  of  honor,  to 
ud.  He  has  no  civil  rights  in  France,  not  having  the  j  call  the  attention  of  his  sovereign  to  the  dangers 
power  to  vote  in  any  elc^ction,  nor  is  he  eligible  that  menace  ins  person  and  his  kingdom?  Yes,  .sire, 
to  any  office.  j  nothing  less  thsn  tlie  imminent  dangers  of  the  state* 

4th.  He  has  no  French  cmnmercial  privileges,  he  j  would  allow  me  to  express  myself  to  you  with  the 
cannot  own  a  Frencii  ship,  nor  can  he  be  elected  |  frankness  which  }  ou  ought  to  expect  from  all  vour 
to  any  commercial  o<llce.s,  and   on  all  the   busi- 1  faithful  subjects,  and  especiallv  from  your  marslials; 

fiom  those  wiio  dared  to  uplifi  their"  voice,  on  the 

m.ost  difiicuit  occasions,  when  the  absolute  will  and 

blind  ambition  of  a  master  were    everv  tiling-,  and 

the  counsels  of  wisdom  and  prudence  were  notiiing. 

1  believed,  that  after  my  letter  of  yesterday  to  the 

minister  of  war,   he  would  iiave  judged   stifHcient 

tiic  smallest  share  directly  or  indirectly,  in    :uiy    tlie    reasons  whicli   I  gave  for  refusing  to  sit  in  a 

war  in  wiuch  France  is  er  may  be  engaged.  court  martial  where  1  could  not  preside.     I  f.nd  mv- 

This  being  the   actual  position  of  Mr.  Andrews,  self  mistaken,  as   he  has  transmitted  me  a  po.sitive 

■was  from  duty  til  at  I   supported  his  reclamation,  ordei  from  your  majesty  on  this  subject. 

and  1  trust  it  will  he  seen,  that  althougli  he  enjoys       Placed  in  the    cruel  dilemma  of  offending  voiir 

tne  jirotectiou  of  this  government,  to  dcerfain  Je-  majesty,  or  o{  disobeying  the  dictate  of  my  con- 


ness  he  transacts  witli  his  countrv,  he  pa'-s  your 
discriminatipg  duiies  as  well  on  his  t/ups,  iis  on 
their  cargoes,  and 
5thlv.  That  as  an  American  citizen,  settled  in  Bor- 
deaux, as  agent  fur  American  comnaercial  hous.ss, 
lie  cannot  by  the  laws  of  Ids  own   country,  take 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— Pr>^ fJGN^  AUTTCLES. 


411 


science,  it  becomes  my  duty  to  explain  myself  to-  London  drag  the carriaf^e  of  Id's  minister,  ^\ hen  you 
yoin-  majesty  i  were  not  even  permitted  to  appear  at  court?     Was 

1  ente  •  not  into  the  enquiry  whether  marshal  Ney  -  3'our  restoration  ihoiig'ht  of,  when  tliey  ncg-ociated 
is  g"ui;tv  or  innoront — Your  justice,  and  the  eq'utyi  at  CUaterey? 

of  hi-i  judi^es  will  answer  i.  to  posterity,  whicli  j  Had  it  not  been  for  the  hostile  occnpation  of  Bor- 
■vvcighs  in  the  same  balance  kings  and  heir  subiccts.  1  deaux,  and  tlie  loyalty  manifested  by  the  people  of 
Btit  the  subject  on  wliicii  I  c mnot  be  silent,  and  on  j  that  city,  a  treaty  would  have  been  signed  uitli  >ra. 
which  T  musi  speak  distincdy  to  your  niijestv,  iS|poleon.  Si  ill  more  rcccn'ly,  at  the  congress  of  Ti- 
the cri'icd  position  into  which  you  are  rushing,  enna,  was  your  m.jesty's  riiinister  able  to  obtain  a 
Alas!  'i.is  not  enough  of  French  blood  been  shed?  j  Jfuai-antee  for  th.e  integrity  of  our  territory?  Oh! 
Are  not  our  nriisfu-tunes  sufficiently  great?  The  iui-|  sire,  the  man  of  Elba  may  have  had  correspon- 
miiiatiou  of  Frnce — is  it  not  pvishedto  the  last  ex-  dencies  and  intelligence  in  France;  but  who  were 
Irene?  Vnd  when  it  is  necessarv  to  rectify,  to  sof  they  that  went  to  seek  for  him?  who  told  tlicEng-- 
ten,  to  Calm,  it  is  t'len  you  are  required  to  sign  new  I  lisli  fleet  to  suffer  him  to  pass?  Has  the  aduiiral 
proscription?!  0:i!  sire,  if  those  who  direct  vour '  wlio  \v,;S  entrusted  with  the  superin'.endance  of  tSie 
councils  had  only  in  view  your  ffood,  they  would  island,  been  prosecuted?  Had  not  the  king  of  Prus- 
tcU  you,  that  never  did  the  scaffold  make  friends,   sia  80,000  men  :iear  our  frontiers  who  miglit  iiavc 


Do  they  then  believe  tn.at  death  is  terrible  for  those 
who  have  so  of  en  braved  it?  Ts  it  the  allies  who 
require  of  France  ********************? 
But,  sire,  is  tiice  no  d;inger  for  your  person  and 
your  august  dynasty  f -om  them?  They  entered  the 
country  aS'  vour  allies,  and  waat  title  do  thev  me- 
rit from  the  people  of  A.ls..c.\  of  I.orr  ine,  and  of 
the  cipit.il?  T  ley  have  demanded  the  price  of  their 


marched  upon  Paris,  and  reached  it  before  Xaprt- 
leon?  Are  not  the  I'russian  cannon  daily  placed  iu 
battery  before  your  palace,  and  pointed  against  yo-ar 
residence?     And  yet  vou  can  rely  on  the  genero.sily 


of  your  alii 


And  vet.  under  such  ci'cunistancr.q 


vou  require  m.e  to  take  my  seat  in  a  tribunal,  where 
I  shall,  perliaps,  figure  in  my  turn,  not  as  a  judge, 
but  as  a  teriioner  at  the   bar?     Did  I  not  lead  the 


friends!iip;  the}' have  required  securities  from  ihosei  French  army  in  1794  to  the  borders   of  the  Ehro? 


theycune  to  leuver — t  ley  have  rcq  lired  the  in- 
habitaiils  of  i  le  co  intries  they  occupy,  to  deliver 
up  their  arms;  and  in  two  thirds  of  the  kingdom 
there  remains  not  even  a  single  f )  vling  piece  They 
have  required  that  the  French  army  should  be  dis- 
banded; and  thei-e  rem  diis  not  a  single  man  at  his 
colors,  not  a  single  piece  of  cannon  is  liarnessed  — 
Tiiey  have  demanded  tiie  delivery  of  oiu-  fortress- 
es, and  if  some  of  them  still  hold  out,  it  is  becaus.e 
their  commandants  cannot  believe  your  majesty 
has  ordered  tiieir  surrender.  So  much  condescen- 
sion ought  surely  to  have  softened  their  passions — 
bat,  no!  they  wish  to  rentier  your  m.ijesty  odious 
to  yoiir  stib  ects;  tiiey  wish  to  guard  against  every 
possible  danger,  by  striking  ofi'  the  heads  of  those 
soldiers  and  statesmen,  wnose  names  they  cannot 
hear,  without  being  reminded  of  their  own  humilia- 
tion. 

I..er,  tiien,  a  French  general  be  allowed  to  say,  in 
Hie  face  of  Etirope,  that  if  our  armies  have  over- 
run the  neigiiboring  countries,  they  purchased  their 
conquests  wi.!i  tlieir  valor  and  blood.  Let  your 
majesty  consider — will  the  allies  ever  forgive  their 
Go.iquerors?  It  is  their  shame  and  hnmili^tion  wliicli 
they  wish  to  efface,  and  not  to  strengthen  yotir 
throne,  which  is  more  shaken  by  their  outrages  than 
es'-.tOiisiied  by  tiieir  vengeance!  But  when  you'iiave 
g'iven  up  every  tiling,  wiiat  can  you  refuse?  If  the 
fale  of  Pound  is  to  be  ours,  what  means  of  resis- 
tance iiavc  you  lef.?  Your  armies?  You  have  none! 
Y'our  fortresses?  they  arc  in  the  power  of  vue  allies! 
Your  marshals,  your  generals,  your  statesmen?  tiieir 
he  ids  will  liiive  fallen!  Will  you  then  resort  to  the 
people — to  that  people  so  much  humiliated,  so  much 
despised?  Is  it  lUose  who  formed  your  councils!' — 
The  recoUec.ionof  the  month  of  M.u'ch,  1815,jntist 


Even  now  the  poignards  of  tiiose  wlio  struck  Brtuie 
and  *****,  and  so  many  others,  glitter  before  my 
eves. 


and  shall  I,  in  my  person,  sanction  a  judicial 
nmrder?  Ah  no!  while  there  remains  to  my  tinliap- 
oy  country  only  a  shadow  of  existence,  shall  I  asso- 
ciate my  n.ime  with  that  of  her  oppressors?  No, 
sire!  j'ou,  yourself,  cannot  but  approve  mv  resoh  - 
tion:  What!  shall  25  years  of  glorious  l.tbors  be 
sodded  in  a  single  day?  Shall  my  locks,  bleached 
uiuler  the  helmet,  be  only  proofs  of  my  shame?  No, 
sire!  it  shall  not  be  said  that  the  elder  of  the  mar- 
shals of  France  contributed  to  the  misfortunes  of 
his  coiintry.  Mv  11"^,  my  forume,  all  that  I  possess 
oj*  enjoy,  is  at  the  service  of  my  king  and  counj-y: 
but  my  honor  is  exclusively  my  owii,  and  no  huiTicUi 
power  can  ravish  it  from  me.  If  my  nume  is  to 
ixe  the  only  heritage  left  to  my  children,  at  least 
let  it  not  be  disgr.xed! 

Permit  me  to  ask  your  majesty  where  were  the 

-iccusers  of  marshal  Xey,  when  he  was  on  the  field 

of  battle?     Did  they  follow  his  steps  and  accuse  hitm 

during  25  years  of  perila  and  labors?     And  ;/  Rus' 

si-a  and  the  athes  cannot  parchn  the  conqnei'ur  of  the 

Mitk'jia,  ccm    France  forget   tlie  valiant  hero  of  the 

B''rt'tinu?     Sire,   in  the  unfortunate   retreat  across 

that  river,  Ney  f:avetl  Uie  remains  of  tlie  army — in 

that  army  I  had  rcl.aions  and  friends,  and  soldiers 

(wlio  are  tlie  children  of  tiieir  chiefs)  who  had  se'-v- 

ed  under  me;  and   shall  I  doom  him  to  death  v.lio 

Saved  tke  lives  of  so  many  Frenciimen,  to  who.Ti  so 

many  parents  arc  indebted  for  tiieir  cliildren,  so  ma 

ny  wives  for  their  iiusbands?      Xo,  sire,  if  I  cannot 

save  mv  country  and   my  own  life,    I  will  at   least 

save  my  honor;   and  if  1  feel  any  regret,  it  is  th.at  I 

liave  lived  too  long,  since  I  liave  survived  tlie  glory 

of  my  country.     Reflect,  sire!  this  is,  perhaps,  tl.e 

siiew  your  majesty  wluit  you  nave   to  expec>   from  j  last  time    that   truth  will  reach  your  llirone;  it    is 

thsir  z'eal  and  attachment.     Tuere  remains  then  no '  botlt  dangerous  and  unwise  to  push  t!ic  brave  to  d:- 

otiier  resource    than  a  reliance  upon  the  generosity '  spair.     Where  is  liiere,  I  will  not  say  the  marslud, 

of  ijoiir  allies  and  our  enemies      Have  you  then  for- 1  but  the  man  of  honor,  who  is  not  compelled  to    i-v  . 

gotten  that  in  order  to  gratify  the  man  who  occu-  gret  not  having  sought  deatli   on  the  held  of  Wa- 

jiied  your  tnrone,  they  refused  you  one  af.eranotiier,   terloo?  and  perliaps,    if  tlic  unfortunate   N^cy    had. 

anasvlum  in  dieir  dominions?     So  completely  Had,  done  there  vvliat  lie  had  so  of  en  done  before,  he 

thev  recognized  his  legilimacv,  that   in  their  trea-i  would  not  h:<ve  been  this  day  dragged  before  a  court 

ties'  with  Him  they    never  tlio'ugiit    of  stipulating!  martial,    and  those  wlio   demand  his  deatii,    would 

even   an  indemnity  for  you.     Did  not  England  iier-j  have  been    seeking   iiis  protection.     E.vcusc,  .sire, 

self  negociate  with  him?     Would   she  not    again |  the  frankness  of  an  old  marslial,  who   has  always 

.have   treated  with  him  .at   Prygue,  had  his  prcten-1  kept  clear  of  intrigues,  has  kiown  only  his  country 

sions  been  less  extrayagant?    Did  not  the  people  of  and  his  profes.'vioa;  lie  believes  tnat  the  same  voice 


412      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  1816. 


Cornegliano. 


■Vvhich  aas  raised  ag;iinst  the  invasion  oi  Sp.iii  and 
tliewar  \vil^l  Russia,  mig-lit  also  speak  the  language 
of  truth  to  tlie  best  of  kings,  the  father  of  his  sub- 
jects. If  f  ankncss  is  avirtue,  it  is  not,  I  am  con- 
scious, the  most  profitable  of  tlie  virtues;  since,  al- 
ti.ougii  I  am  tlie  eldest  of  the  marshals,  I  am  also 
the  poorest. 

I  will  not  disguise  the  dangers  in  wliich  the  step 
I  hiive  taken  may  involve  me,  nor  the  disgrace  it 
may  draw  down  \ipon  me  fi om  the  vengeance  of 
courtiers — but  if  I  liave  been  fortunate  enough  to 
enlighten  your  m.  jesty  as  to  your  true  interests,  I 
shall  consider  myself  as  but  too  happy,  wliatever 
may  be  tlie  consequences — and,  if  in  descending  to 
the  lomb,  I  may  say  witli  one  of  your  ancestors — 
ail  is  lost,  except  honor — 1  shall  die  contented 
MONCEY,  f/MC  di 

TRi;>'tH    L.AW    OF    AMSl'.STr. 

From  the  J^'eiv -York  Colmnhlan. — A  respected  cor- 
j-espondcm  lias  made  llie  following  abstract  of  the 
Law  oJ\imnt;nt>i,  puhlislicd  in  a  late  French  paper. 
The  day  af  cr  tlie  execution  of  mai-sha!   Ney,  the 
duke  de   Kiclielieu,  president  of  tlie  coinicil,  pre- 
sented a   bill  extending  an  amnesty  to  all  those  who 
have  taken  uny  part  whatever  in  thj  events  preceding 
or  folto-cving  the  return  of  JWipoleon  to  France. 
This  amnesty  is  modified  by  three  excepti'nis. 
1st.  Tlie  i  idividiials  who  avc  put  on  their  trial  bx 
the  1st  article  of  the  royal  oi-diinnce  of  tlie  24tii 
July,  1814,  are  to  be  proceeded  against  conformably 
to  tlie  laws,  and  those  who  are   absent   are  to  be 
condemned  as  coniwnacious. 

Of  lijis  number  are  llie  genei'als  RERxnAsu,  Clau- 
sEL,  (who  is  now  in  New-York)  Dkiieli.k,  &c.  It  is 
remarkable  the  journals  do  not  mention  in  tliis  class 
the  name  of  gen.  Uiioukt,  %vho  was  included  in  the 
1st  article  of  the  ordinance.  It  is  uncertain  wlie- 
ther  the  ministers  have  yielded  to  jjublic  opinion 
Avliich  had  been  strongly  expressed  in  his  favor,  or 
hi.-=  name  lias  been  omitted  by  tlie  printer  through 
jnjst^ke. 

2d.  The  second  exception  relates  to  the  individu- 
3.1s  designated  in  tiie  2d  article  of  the  same  ordi 
itance,  and  ia  wliose  cases  tiie  two  houses  of  the  le- 
prislature  were  to  decide  as  to  whom  among  them 
should  be  brought  to  trial,  or  banished  with  the 
privilege  of  selling  their  property. 

The  new  law  only  pronounces  against  them  a  sgn- 
•pence  of  banisIuT.ent,  revocable  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
Ai7i£ — nothing  is  said  as  to  tiieir  being  compelled  to 
bell  their  piuperty  or  lo.sing  tlieir  civil  rights. 

In  this  class  arc  Carnot,  the  duke  of  liassano, 
(''Maret,J  the  duke  of  Dalmatia,  fSuidt,J  couni 
ItEiKNAUL  St.  Jea.v  d'AMiKLv,  (who  is  now  in  New- 
Vork)  count  nefermon,  count  Heal,  .'Irnault,  mem- 
ber of  the  in';tiuive,  and  a  celebrated  dramatic  wii- 
lei-,  L'ory  de  8l.  Vincent,  &c. 

3d.  'i'he  tliiid  and  last  exception  relates  to  those 

ement.J 

„  ise 

ions  "  " 

Tne  iav>'  banishes  from  R-ance  all  the  members  of 
the  Bi.ncparie  Jamilij,  as  well  as  thcii-  relatives  and 
connexions,  including  collaterals  to  iht  degree  ofwn. 
cles  and  nephews.  'I'heir  property  originating  m 
'■lonations  or  grantsof  tne  former ^orm/w/ewi  is  con- 
iiscaied,  but  their  private  property  is  secured  to 
tiicm,  upon  condition  that  it  is  sold  witiiin  six 
muntiis. 


In  order  to  form  just  conclusions  respecting  thi? 
interesting  event,  it  is  necess; jy  to  see  the  debates 
and  the  final  decision  ofihe  legislature,  and  then  to 
observe  how  far  the  men  of  influence  who  are  so 
near  the  throne,  will  subir.it  to  a  measure,  which  is 
to  restrain  passions  difficult  to  soften  and  impossible 
to  disarm. 

Tlie  following  is  said  to  be  the  entire  list  of  ex- 
ceptions to  the  amnesty:— Lallemand,  Drouet,  d'Er- 
Ion,  l.efebvre,  Desnouettes,  Ameith,  Brayer,  Gilly, 
Mouton,  Duvernet,  (Jrouchy,  (now  in  Baltimore) 
Laborde,  Clausel,  (now  in  New-York,)  Debelle,  Ber- 
trand,  Cambroune,  Lavallettc,  Kevigo.  These  to 
be  arrested  and  tried. 

The  following  are  ordered  to  quit  France  in  two 
months,  not  to  retui-n  without  leave. — Soult,  Alix, 
Exelmans,  Bassano,  Marbot,  Felix,  Lcpelletier, 
Bonlay,  (de  la  Meurthe)  Mehee,  Fresinet,  Thi- 
beaudeau,  Carnot,  Vandamme,  L:imarque,  Lobau^ 
liatel,  Pire,  Barrere,  Arnault,  rommercuil,  Rcg- 
naul  ,  Arrighi,  Uejean,  Garrau,  Ileal,  Bouvier,  I)u- 
moiard,  ivferlin,  Durbac,  Dirat,  Defcrniont,  Bory 
St.  Vincent,  Felix,  Desportes,  Garnier,  AlalUnet, 
Hfiillin,  Cluys,  Courtin,  Forbing,  Janson,  Lelorgue, 
DidevhJ. 

Bonaparte's  relations  are  all  to  leave  France  with- 
in a  monili  under  pain  of  death. 

oecri'ATIONS  AXD  miracles  of    king   FERDINAND  VII. 

LWhether  oiir  readers  shall  laugh  at  the  thumping 
falsehoods  and  silly  stuff  of  the  following,  or 
weep  for  the  depravity  of  human  nature  therein 
exliibited,  they  will  agree  in  detesting  the  wretch 
that  put  it  forth  to  the  world.] 

From  the  London  Examiner,  .A'b.  o75.  Jtlarch  5, 
1815. — The  occupations  of  king  Ferdinand,  during 
his  captivity  ii'i  France,  were  alluded  to  b}'  .Mr. 
Whitbread  in  parliament.  We  have  been  (says  the 
-Morning  Clironiclc)  through  the  favor  of  a  valuable 
correspondent,  put  in  possession  of  the  autlientic 
document,  setting  forth  the  trials  and  miraculous 
works  performed  by  Ferdinand,  and  \re  have  been 
prevented  only  by  the  overflow  of  temporary  matter, 
from  making  an  extract  for  the  improvement  of  0141* 
rc.ders. 

Tiie  document  is  a  sermon  preached  by  Don 
Bias  de   Osloloza,  chaplain   major  of  his  catholic 


The  following  is  an 


picture  of  the 


ou.  I  lie  iniiu  ana  last  exception  relates  to  tho 
-\vho  ure  airead}  pvo^ecuxtd—ftraduits  etjiigement. 
This  exception  is  very  ambigious,  and  may  give  ri 
to  extensive  pen,ecutions. 


The^duke  of  Richelieu  preceded  tlie  reading  of 
the  61II  .viih  „  speech  which  contains  some  moderate 
sentiments— after  the  bill  was  read,  he  added,  with 
cnio  iun— «7ViH.v  ud  Heiirij    iV.  grunt  an  amnesty  O. 


Ids  miojeas  -who  hud /ought  aguma  /urn,  und 
Vf^ff  saved,'" 


in 
France 


majesty,  and  his  confessor, 
extract. 

Tlie  confessor  begins  by  giving 
life  of  the  king  at  Valency. 

"  The  king,"  says  he,  rose  at  eiglit  o'clock,  heard 
mass,  breaWasled,  made  afterwards  a  party  at 
billiards,  entered  his  closet  to  read  his  letters  and 
some  portion  of  holy  writ,  embroidered  at  the  tambour 
till  two  o'clock,  at  which  time  he  took  a  short 
airintr  in  his  carriasre  : — he  dined  on  his  return, 
made  a  short  prayer,  received  his  brothers  or  those 
who  were  admitted  to  pay  their  court  to  him  at 
supper,  and  before  going  to  bed  recited  witii  all 
his  household  the  Litanies,  whicli  he  toned  him- 
self 

'■'  An  agent  of  Napoleon,  whose  impious  presence 
lie  was  forced  to  endure,  emplo\ed  all  means  of 
sediiction  to  draw  the  infant  from  his  holy  occupa- 
tions. He  brought  a  troop  of  female  dancers  from 
l^aris,  and  even  his  own  wife,  to  endeavor  to  charm 
the  king;  but  I  perceived,  by  certain  signs,  (adds  the 
confessor,  whose  words  we  translate  literally)  that 
the  bre:;sts  of  these  women,  indecently  exposed, 
were  beginning  to  have  a  dangerous  effect  on  the 
prince,  who  was  ready  to  fall  into  tlie  sevenih  deadly 
sin;  !  admonislcd  iiim  \n  time,  and  like  he  slave 
of  Potipluu-,  Don  Ferdinand  escaped  thest:  new  Si- 
rtn.s. 

"  The  Jiin^  was  above  all  things  incensed  at  the 


NILES'    WEEKLY  REGISTER— FOREIGN  ARTICLES. 


413 


poverty  of  the  chief  altar  of  the  parish  of  Vaie.icy, 
and  at  "their  being  in  ihe  Chateau,  a  play  house,  while 
there  was  neither  a  chapel,  nor  an  oratory,  while 
the  people  were  luxurious  in  tlieir  furniture  and 
feasts,  and  miserable  in  the  decoration  of  thei,- 
temples.  The  king  embroidered  himselfa  beautiful 
pobe  of  wliite  silk,  with  gold  pallets,  and  gold  fiinge, 
for  the  virgin.  He  had  raised  a  superb  altar,  j;n., 
and  he  sometimes  served  himselfthe  mass  at  the  feel 
of  the  queen  of  angels.  The  queen  of  the  angels 
lyas  most  sen.sible  of  those  royal  attentions  imd 
manifested  to  him  her  conlent  by  many  sig-ns  — L 
happened  in  particular,  that  one  night  an  ecclesiastic 
of  the  district  being  overcome  with  sleep  in  tiie 
pliurch,  the  virgin  appeared  to  Mm  as  coming  out  of 
the  altar — she  advanced  towards  the  ecclesiastic, 
made  several  turns  around  liim,  to  display  the 
.elegance  of  her  toilette,  and  said  to  him,  slgiung, 
that  her  son  received  the  vows  of  the  king,  in 
recompense  of  the  fine  robe  that  he  had  given  her  : 
that  the  Spanish  princes  would  not  remain  long 
without  being  delivered,  and  that  they  must  form 
an  order  of  the  holy  sacrament,  witli  vviiich  all  the 
chevaliers  should  be  armed  for  liis  defence. 

"  Tne    priest   much   touched    by    tliis    speech, 
awakened,  and  came  to  me  to  revgal  the  rain^cu- 
Jous  vision  :     I  answered  by  assuring  him  that  the 
fiolil  virgin  had  already  said  as  much  to  the  king  him- 
self, who  in  thanking  her  had  promised  that  on  his 
return  to  Spain  lie  would  make  lier  worship  flouri.sh 
over  all  the  pi-ovinces  s  ibjccted  to  his  dominio:i.'' 
Sermon  pronoriciado  on  la  gran  foiictiou  qui  se  ceh-bro  en 
Cadiz,   par   U.   Blaz  df-  Ost»loza,  tapclian   major    de 
S.   M.   C.   y    su    contlssnr.     Ed.  78   en    Burgos,  dt   la 
imprinte  de  la  inquisition— 181-1. 

BoNAPAnTE. — London,  December  12— Extract  from 
letters  received  from  officers  of  ids  majesty's  ship 
Northumberland. 
"His   inajestij''s  ship  A^'orthumberlaiul,  Oct.  20,    1815. 

"We  arrived  here  on  tiic  15Lh,  after  rather  a  plea- 
sant, though  long  passage,  of  ten  weeks;  and  gene- 
ral Bonaparte  landed  on  the  16th  in  the  evening, 
when  it    was  quite   dark;  he  was  mufHcd  up   in    a 
large  surtout  coat.     A   guard  went   befcjre    him  to 
disperse  the  mob.     You  may  judge  of  the  state  of 
his  mind  and  sjiirits  by  what'he    djd,  and  what  he 
did  not  do,  during  tlie  passage.     He  never  came  out 
of  his   cabin  but  in   the  evenings  after  dinner;  he 
then,  almost  without  exception,  went  and  leant  a- 
gainst  the  breech  of  the  foremost  gun  on  llie  wea- 
ther-side of  the  quarter-deck,  whence  he  never  mov- 
ed.    Generals  Bertrand  and  Lascasses  always  came 
out  with  him,  and  witli  whom  lie  ever  continued  irt-} 
conversation,  he  appeared  to    lake  little  notice   ofl 
his  other  companions.     His  dress,  upon  these  occa- 1 
sions,  was  invariably  a  green  coat,  with  two  plain  j 
epaulets,  small  clothes,  witn   silk  stockings,    and! 
pumps,  with  gold  buckles.     At  tiie  usual  ceremony! 
ofpassing"  the  line,  winch  we  did  on  the  23d  ofSej)-' 
tember,  general  Bon;-.parve   made  a  present  to  0/d 
JVefjlujie  of  one  hundred  Xapoleons;  the  French  ge- 
nerals  and   cniidren  gave  him  a   double  Napoleon' 
each      The    countess  Bertrand  is  one  of  tlie  mostj 
pleasant  and   agreeable  women  I  ever    conversed! 
with.     Siie  said  she  wished  we  had  missed  the  is-j 
laud;  and  I  do  not  wontler  at  it;  for  if  its  boundless  j 
er  .ggy  rocks  and  lofty  motmtains  strike  the  senses 
of  a  stranger,    who  can  depart   at  plc.isure,  with  a 
cold  iieart  appalling  efied,  v/hat  must  be  the  feel- 
ings of  banisiied -HKt/efi/^.'  Nature  seems  to  have  form- 
ed it  for  security  to  is   inhabitants.     Had  general 
Bonaparte  ever  enieriained  a  hope  of  escape,  wlicn 
he  came  in  bight  of  this  place  it  must  iiave  been  ba- 
nished forever;   the  whole  world  beside,  I   should 
.juppose,  doe^  not  present  such  another  spot." 


"jYorthumherland,  October  18. 

"Bonaparte  was  very  mucii  pleased  with  the  atten- 
tion siiewn  him,  wiiilst  on  board  this  ship,  howevev 
lie  might  have  felt  upon  subjects  connected  witii 
Irringing  him  iiere.  He  pubiiciy  thanked  capLain 
Ross,  on  the  quarter-deck,  for  his  kindness,  and 
requested  he  v.-ould  do  the  same  for  him  to  the  of- 
ficers." 

"St.  Helena,  October  2C. 

"On  the  10th  instant  a  sloop  of  war  arrivetl  witli 
the  intelligence  that  a  fleet  was  approacliing^tir 
island,  in  which  was  Bonaparte!  This  news  tJirev." 
us  all  into  great  confusion.  On  Sunday  the  15th, 
rue  Northumberland  arrived  here  with  tlie  ex-em- 
peror and  his  suite.  On  .Monday,  his  surgeon  (au 
Englisb.man)  called  on  me,  and  took  me  witii  him 
on  board.  I  was  introduced  to  general  Bertrand 
and  his  lady,  and  the  other  passengers;  af'.cr  re- 
maining a  few  minutes  in  the  ward-room  Bonaparte 
was  announced  to  be  on  deck,  when  we  all  v.'tnt  up. 
I  appro.iched  him  and  took  olf  myhat;  he  did  the 
same;  he  asked  me  if  there  was  any  good  watchma- 
ker in  the  place.  1  told  him  there  was  a  very  good 
one,  a  Mr.  Solomnns,  who  is  also  a  very  respectable 
raerchan;.  He  requested  me  to  take  iiis  watclies  to 
him,  as  they  were  out  of  repair;  one  was  a  large 
gold  repeater,  tlie  other  a  silver  repeater,  bot'i  mu- 
sical; the  latter,  he  says,  lie  always  had  wiUi  him 
in  his  carriage-" 

Ney's  E-CECUTioy. — Pans,  December  10. — Thefol^ 
lowing  are  some  further  particulars  respecting  the 
last  moments  of  marshal  Ney:  Wlien  the  judgment 
wr.s  announced  to  him,  lie  said,  'Ht  luonld  have  been 
more  mi/itari/  to  have  said,  yon  are  to  bite  the  dast." 
At  the  e.veculion,  he  endeavored  to  protest  against 
the  iniquity  of  the  senience,  and  appealed  to  (iod 
and  posterity.  The  officer  comm.inding  the  vete- 
rans, attempting  to  give  the  word,  appeared  struck 
dumb.  L'Espinois  (the  commander  of  the  milit;u-y 
division)  then  said,  '-officer,  if  you  caimot  com- 
mand, 1  will;"  the  Litter  remaining  silent,  the  mar- 
shal hi  ^  self  said,  "soldiers,  do  your  duty,"  upon 
which,  the  platoon  ordered  for  the  purpose  fired  at 
random;  only  five  out  of  sixteen  balls  fired  ntruck 
the  marshal,  who  fell  upon  his  knees  and  died  in- 
stantly. I'he  oflicer  recovering-  himself,  said,  "there 
is  still  a  platoon,  let  them  shoot  me  also,"  The 
officer  is  put  under  arrest.  ?»Iarsh.il  Ney  was  yes- 
terday bui-ied  at  the  ccmentery  of  La  Chaise.  Ma- 
dame Ney  was  accompanied  to  the  Thuilleries  by 
lier  four  children  and  sister;  she  remained  in  th." 
salon  de  la paix  soine  time  before  the  due  de  Dwras 
came  to  iiiform  her  that  siie  could  not  be  received 
by  the  king,  and  leatling  her  down  the  grand  stai:-- 
case,  acquainted  lier  with  the  mo-arnful  execution; 
she  fainted,  and  was  with  difficu.ltv  removed  to  her 
carriage,  amidst  the  cries  of  her  children  and  the 
lamentations  of  the  spectators  of  this  distressing 
scene.  She  had  several  time^i  endeavored  to  see 
the  duchess  d'Angouleme,  near  to  whose  person 
she  had  been  brought  up  when  a  child:  the  duchess, 
however,  as  well  as  the  princes,  constantly  refused 
to  see  her. 

Madame  Auguie,  madame  Ney's  mother,  was  in 
the  service  of  Marie  Antoinette,  lier  grief  at  whose 
death  was  so  severe,  that  in  a  moment  of  distrac- 
tion she  threw  herself  out  uf  a  windo.v,  and  died 
upon  the  spot. 

Paris,  December  8. — This  morning  at  lialf  past 
six  o'clock,  the  corpse  of  marshal  Ney  was  carried 
to  the  burying  of  Mont  bonis,  in  a  country  coach 
with  a  funeral  procession.  It  v.'as  followed  bv  a  car- 
riage in  mourning,  and  many  carriages  of  citizens. 
it  had  been  previously  enclosed  in  h  leaden  coffir^, 


414    NILES*  WF,EKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  1816. 


and  then  one  of  oak  During  the  night  the  nuns  of, 
the  Foun filing  Hospital  repeated  israyers  over  the 
bodj%  which  had  been  deposited  in  that  hospital. 

EpnoPEAV  TREATIES. — Treaties  have  been  enter- 
ed into  between  the  emperor  of  Russia,  the  einperoi 
of  Austria,  the  king  of  Pru.ssia,  and  the  king  of" 
Great  Britain,  the  stipulations  of  which  are  very 
important. 

1.  The  fu-st  article  stipulates  fcr  preserving  the 
integrity  of  the  treaty  entered  into  between  the 
high  contracting  parties,  and  tlie  present  govern- 
ment of  France. 

2.  They  stipulate  to  preserve  inviolable  the  trea- 
ty entered  into  at  Pari.',  last  year,  and  likewise  to 
confirm  the  one  entered  into  with  Louis,  by  wliic'. 
Kapolcon  Don;iparte  and  his  family  are  forever  ex- 
cluded from  the  throne  of  France,  to  accompiisli 
which,  they  engage  to  employ  their  whole  united 
force,  if  necessary. 

3d  and  4th.  The  p.-^^rties  engage,  if  any  of  their 
forces,  stationed  on  the  frontiers  of  France,  sliall 
be  either  attacked  or  menaced,  to  plpce  themselves 
on  a  wax  establishment,  and  each  to  fimiisli  6'J,UU0 
men  or  more  if  necessary.  Tlie  piu-ties  further  en- 
,gage,  that,  if  the  repose  of  France  is  again  inter- 
rupted, and  it  becomes  necessary  to  employ  the 
wliole  of  tlieir  foi-ces,  to  reserve  to  themselves  the 
right  "lo  prescribe,  by  common  conser.t,  such  condi 
tlons  as  shall  liold  out  to  Europe  a  sufficient  guaran- 
tee against  the  recurrence  «f  a  similar  calamity." 
In  other  words,  the  allies  reserve  to  themselves  a 
right  to  cut  up,  and  to  divide  France  among  them- 
selves, if  s'.ie  attempts  to  disturb  the  repose  of 
Europe  again. 

6t]i  and  7th — Tlie  parties  engage,  that  even  after 
the  period  stipulated  for  the  occupation  of  the 
French  frontiers  by  their  troops,  (5  years)  all  t!ic 
above  cngagenicnts  shall  remain  m  full  fore f,  and 
tlie  respective  sovereigns  agree  to  meet  at  fixed  pe- 
riods, either  person^illy,  or  by  their  ministers,  for 
the  purpose  of  consulting  and  preserving  the  future 
pepose  of  Europe. 

This  treaty  is  in  all  its  branches  important,  and 
rurnishes  more  assurances  tliat  France  will  not  at- 
tempt the  perpetration  of  her  revolutionary  system 
again,  than  the  occupation  of  her  frontiers  by  the 
armies  of  the  allies. —  Tel. 

Tn  his  excsllency  the  Due  tie  Jticlwlien. 
The  allijtl  sovereigns  having  confided  to  marshal 
the  duke  of  Wellington  the  command  in  chief  of 
those  of  their  troops,  whicji,   according  to  the  5tl> 
article  of  the  treaty,  concluded  this  day  with  France, 
arc  to  remain  in  tiiis  country  during  a  certain  num- 
ber of  years,   the  undersig'ned   mii.isters,    &c.  &c. 
think  it  then- duty  to  give  some  explanation  to  liis 
excellency  the  duke  de  Richelieu  as  to  the  nature 
and  extent  of  the  powers  attached  to  this  command. 
Altliough   chicliy  guided    with   respect   to  this 
measure,  by  motives  tending  to  the  safety  and  wel- 
fare of  their  subjects;  and  being  very  far  from  hav- 
ing any  intention  of  eni]5loylng  their  troops  in  aid 
of  the  police,  or  of  t/ie  internal  admhubtration  of 
France,  or  in  any  manner  that  might  compromise 
or  interfere  with  tlie  free  exercise  of  the  royal   au- 
thority in  this  country,  the  allied  sovereigns  have, 
however,   in  consideration    of   the   high    interest 
wliich    they   take  in  supporting  the   power  of  le- 
gitimate sovereigns,  promised  to   liis   most   clnus- 
tian  majesty  to  support  him  with  their  arms  against 
every  revoludonary  convulsion  which  might  tend  to 
overthrow  by   force  the  order  of  things  at  present 
established,   and    to  menace  also  again  the  general 
tranquility  of  Eurojie.     Tliey  do  not,  however,  dis 


tiie  revolutionary  spirit  might  again  manifest  itself 
in  France,  doubts  might   arise  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  case  which  might  call  for  the  intervention  of  a 
foreig'.i  force:  and  feeling  tlie  difficulty  of  framinjj 
any  instructions  precisely  applicable  to  each  parti- 
cular case,  the  allied   sovereigns    have    thought  it 
better  to  leave  it  to  tlie  tried  prudence  and  discve- 
uon  of  the  duke  of  Wellington,  to  decide  Avhen  and 
how   far  it    may  be  .advisable   to  employ  the  triwps 
under  ins  orders,  always  supposing  that  he   would 
not  in  any  case  so  determine   without  having  con- 
certed  liis  measures  with    the  king  of  France,   or 
without  giving  information  as  soon  as  possible   to 
the  allied    sovereigns    of  the  motives  which  may 
have  induced  him  to  come  to  such  adetcrnVin:<tion. 
And,  as   in  order  to  guide    the  duke  of  Wellington 
in  the  choice  of  his  arrangements,  it  will  he  impor- 
tant that  he  should  be  correctly  informed  of  the 
events  which  may  occur  in  France,  the  ministers  of 
the  four  allied  courts  accredited  to  his  most  chris- 
tian majesty,   have   received  ori.ers    to  maintain  a 
regular  correspondence  with  the  duke  of  Welling- 
ton, and  to  provide  at  t!.e  same  time  for  an  imme- 
diate one  between  the  French  government  and  the; 
commander  in  cluef  of  the  allied  trooi^i,  for   the 
purpose  of  transmitting  to  the  Frenc'.i  g  :vernment 
the  commtinications  which  tije  duke  of  Wellington 
may  have  occasion  to  addrcfs  to  it,  and  of  commu- 
ricating  to  the  marshal  the  suggestions  or  requisi- 
tions wliich  the  court  of  F^rance  may  v.'isli  in  funirc 
to  make  to  him.      The  tmdersigned  flatter   them- 
selves that  the  duke  de  Richelieu  will  readily  re- 
cog'nize  in  these  arrangements,  the  same  ch.aracter 
and  tl'.e  saipi  principles  which  have  been  mmiirested 
in  concerting  and  adapting  the  measures  of  the  mi- 
litary occupation  of  a  part  of  France.     They  carry 
with  tliem  also,  on  qviitting  this  country,  the  consol- 
ing persuiLsion  that,  notwithstanding  the  elements 
of  disorder  which  France  may  still  contain,  the  ef- 
fect  of  revolutionary   events,  a  wise  and  paternal 
government  proceeding  in  a  proper  manner  to  tran- 
quilize  and  conciliate  the  minds  of  the  people,  and 
abstuinif.g  from  eveiy  act,  contrary  to  such  a  sys- 
tem, may  not  onlj'  succeed  in  maintaining  the  pub- 
lic tranquility,  but  also  in  re-establi.>iiing  ur.iversal 
union  and  confidence,  relieving  likewise  as  much  as 
the  proceedings  of  the  government  can  effect  it, 
the  allied  powers  from  the  painful  necessity  of  hav- 
ing recourse  to  these  measures,  which,  in  case  of 
any  other  convulsion,   would  be  imperiously  pre- 
scribed to  them  by  the  duty  of  providing  for  the 
safety  of  their  own  subjects,  and  the  general  tran- 
quilitv  of  Europe,  &c.     The   undersigned  have  the 
honor,  &c.  METTERNlCll, 

CASTLEREAfUf, 
HARDENliERG, 
CAPO  D'ISTRIA. 
London  Dec.  16.— The  Flanders  mail  contains  tlie 
f>llowing  important  intelligence,  under  the  date  of 
Rome,  Nov.  21—"  It  is  asserted  that  the  miiiisters 
of  the  great  powers  have  delivered  to  his  eminence 
the  cardinal  secretary  of  state,  ihe  treaty  of  alliance 
relative  to  the  war  against  the  Barbary  powers  and 
that  it  has  been  ratffied  by  all  the  sovereigns,  in 
their  quality  of  grand  masters  of  the  several  reli- 
gious and  military  orders  in  their  doniinions.  By 
this  act  the  powers  engage  not  only  to  put  an  end 
to  tiie  white  s  ave  trade,  wiiich  the  African  govern- 
ments carry  on  with  equal  insolence  and  impvun^y; 
but  in  order  to  prevent  the  retiun  of  acts  of  violence 
whicii  disgrace  humanity,  the  powers  also  declare, 
that  they  will  estabkah"  he  e  the  form  of  govem- 
Imcnt  whicli  shall  afford  the  best  guarantee.     T^C 


«emble,  that  in  tlie  vaiiety  of  forms  under  which  1  conting'eut  of  the  troops  for  tixis  new  species  of  w** 


NILES'    WEEKLY  REGISTER— NEW-JEPSEY  LEGISLATURE.      4]  5 


will  be  the  same  and  no  one  will  be  permitted  un-,  and  ambi'iotis  monarcbs,  shouVl  convince  ns  of  th^ 
dcr  anv  pi-etence  wliatever,  to  keep  up  a  sreater' inestimable  value  oP  our  rcpiib'iran  Institnlions,  and 
pumber  of  iroopstlian  i:-  fixed  by  the  treaty.     All]  induce  .      -.i    .  -  ^    i        .-. 

the  troops  shail  have  the  sarne  luiiform.     His  holi- 
ness tlic  Pope,  shall  be  at  liberty  to   send  a  leg:.'Le, 


us  to  reg.ird  with  horror,   an<l  detestation 


but  who  shall  not  interfere  in  temporal  ma^tei-s. — 
This  treaty,  ^vhich  consists  of  131  articles,  fixes, 
tliat  all  the  Cliri.sti>.ns  shall  be  set  at  liberty,  and 
cannot  make  a  part  of  tlie  army  destined  t©  occupy 
tiie  coun.ry.  The  Sublime  Porte,  it  is  .said,  re- 
mains neuter  In  this  war,  and  wi'd  receive  guaran- 
tees for  its  European  possessions.  One  is  asto- 
nished at  knowing'  the  treaty  ag'ainst  the  pirates, 
and  not  to  know  any  tliin/;;  of  what  has  passed  in 
the  consistory  where  this  affair  !ias  been  treated. — 
It  is  cert;iin  that  jiis  holiness  lias  not  issued  any 
bull  on  the  subject  of  this  new  crusade.  It  is  said 
that  his  lioliness  will  give  to  the  grand  masters  of 
the  mili'^ary  orders  a  suit  of  armor  and  a  banner. — 
Tlie  whole  of  t!?c  allied  forces  is  fixed  by  treaty  at 
45,000  men.  Several  gallies  have  been  at  Ancona." 
Tiie  court  of  Portugal  persists  in  remaining  at 
Brazil,  and  rcfuse.'j  to  return  to  Europe.  That 
court  lately  received  a  courier  from  Madrid  with 
despatches,  the  contents  of  wliich  had  not  transpi- 
red; but  it  is  supposed  that  Spain  requests  the 
prince  regent  to  declare  war  against  the  Indepen- 
dents; a!ul  t'iat  Ferdinand  VII.  nas  asked  one  of  die 


daugiiters  of  the  prince  in  marriage 
fl      The  discussions   between    our 


government 


and 


everv  attempt  to  dissolve  the  bonds  of  our  political 
union. 

The  humbled  and  degraded  state  of  Fi-arce, 
wliile  it  ci.dms  the  tear  of  sympadiy  for  siiffering 
Immanitv,  may  teach  us  to  avoid  the  evils  which  the 
people  of  that  once  h:ipny  coimliy  have  brought 
upon  themselves,  and  to  thank  Heaven  that  we  are 
not  in  a  situation  to  be  delivered  by  emperors,  or 
protected  by  kings. 

The  late  war  with  Great  Britain,  although  of 
short  diu-ation,  will  be  attended  by  consequences  of 
the  utmost  importance  to  the  L'ni'ed  States. 

It  has  caused,  if  not  a  formal  relinquishment,  at 
least  a  cessation  of  those  pretensions  and  practices 
which  led  to  hostilities,  and  is  fiillowed  by  a  treaty 
of  commerce,  whicli  (it  is  lioped)  may  become  the 
basis  of  a  permanent  peace. 

It  has  inspired  our  citizens  wit'i  a  martial  spirit, 
and  given  them  a  !iigl(  military  character,  ".itlinut 
which  no  commercial  nation  can  be  safe  from  insidt, 
so  long  as  large  armies  and  navies  are  decined  ne- 
cessary for  the  peace  establishments  ©f  the  mari- 
lime  kingdoms  of  Europe. 

It  lias  secured  to  us  the  friendsliip  of  foreign 
nations,  by  shewing  them  that  we  can  pi-otect  our- 
selves without  their  aid. 

It  has  discovered  to  us  the  extent  of  our  power 


'Ferdinand  of  Spain,  which  had  grown  pretty  warm  |  and  resources,  vvhich  before  had  never  been  duly 
,  arc  now  becomingmore  conciliatory;  but  the  perse-   appreciated,  by  ourselves,  our  friends,  or  our  cne- 


cuiion  of  the  patriots  has   not  decreased.     Ferdi- 
I  nand  is  about  to  impose  a  contribution  of    five  mil- 
I  lions   sterling  on  ;dl  classes  of  people  of  Old  Spain, 
excepting  the  clergy. 

G3'  '^  great  variety  of  scraps  and  interesting  ar- 
ticles unavoidably  postponed. 


Legislature  of  New-Jersey. 

Piu'suant  to  adjournment,  the  legislature  of  Xev.'- 
Jersey  met  in  this  ciiy  on  Wednesday  last,  the  10th 
instant. 

The  following  interesting  Message  from  his  ex- 
cellency governor  Uickerson,  was  presented  to  both 
houses  on  Fi-id;iy  last. 
'Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Coiivcil, 

and  Gentlemen  of  the  House  of  Jlssemhly, 
Tlie  present  prosperous   and  happy  situation  of 
our  common  country,  under  the  blessings  of  Divine 
Providence,  cannot  fiil  to  excite  tlie  most  grateful 
sensations  in  tiie  breast  of  every  patniotic  citizen. 

After  an  arduous  struggle  with  an  enemy,  abound- 
Jngf  in  wealth  and  all  the  means  of  making  war — pos- 1 
sessing  armies  truly  formidable  from  tlieir  numbers  | 
and  discipline,  and  a  navy,  wliich,  till  lately,  was 
deemed  invincible,  we  enjoy  an  honorable  peace, 
obtained  by  the  determined  resolution  and  persever- 
ing exertions  of  our  geneneral  goverament,  by  tiie 
bravery  of  our  army  and  mditia,  by  the  unparallel- 
ed gallantry,  skill  and  enterprize  of  our  little  navy, 
and  by  the  dignified  firmness  and  address  of  our 
ministers  at  Ghent. 

Tlie  prompt  and  efficient  manner  in  which  the 
Barbary  powers  have  been  chastised,  sheds  a  new 
lustre  over  our  Hag  ;re3CueB  our  character  trom  an 
Jgiiominious  badge,  and  adds  to  the  security  and 
Value  of  o»u'  commerce. 

Our  Situation  is  the  more  enviable,  wlien  contrast- 
ed \vith   that  of  otlier  nations  of    he  earth. 

-^'\'ew  of  the  wretched  and  exhausted  state  of 
the  fairest  portiovis  of  Europe,  overrun,  Avasted  and 
flestroyed,   by  the  contending  armies  of  powerful 


mies. 

By  forcing  the  capital  formerly  cmp]o}-cd  in  com- 
merce into  new  channels,  it  has  led  to  the  discovery 
of  various  means  of  wealth  and  prosperitv,  wjiicii 
would  otherwise  have  remained  unattempted,  and 
has  thus  caused  an  important  revolution  in  th.c 
occupations,  views  and  ]:)ursuits  of  the  people  in 
every  part  ef  tlie  United  States. 

It  has  proved  the  practicability  and  the  expedien- 
cy of  supplying  ourselves  atliome,  with  many  arti- 
cles hitherto  imported  from  Europe  and  Asia. 

It  has  produced  an  unanimous  sentiment  in  favor 
of  increasing  our  naval  establishment  as  fast  as  our 
means  will  ]iermit. 

It  has  added  to  the  confidence  we  justly  repo.se 
in,  a  well  disciplined  militia,  as  our  safe  reliance  for 
national  defence;  and. 

It  has  taught  us  the  necessity  of  being  at  all  times 
prepared  for  war. 

Although  Xew-Jersey  has  not  in  the  late  co:rtest, 
experienced  tiic  ravages  of  an  invading  foe,  our 
militia  have  shewn  the  utmost  alacritv,  in  perform- 
ing all  such  duties  as  liave  been  rcnnired  of  t!iern: 
and  many  of  our  citizens,  by  the  briiiiancv  of  tlicir' 
icliievemcnts,   have  conferred   the   higliest  honors 


on  the  state.  We  may  dwell  witli  peculiar  compla- 
cency upon  the  names  of  Pike,  LMwrence,  and  Bain- 
bridge.  The  two  former  liave  left  a  bright  example 
for  the  imitation  of  future  heroes;,  the  latter  still 
lives  to  we.arhis  laurels  and  to  defend  his  countr} 's 
rights,  whenever  they  shall  he  invaded. 

The  return  of  peace  will  probably  render  it 
expedient  to  revise  some  parts  of  our  militia  law; 
in  doing  thi.s,  it  will  be  proper  to  consider,  how  far 
the  oflicers  and  privates,  who  have  served  in  the 
Lfnited  States'  army  siiould  be  exempted  from  the 
l)erf<)rmance  of  the  ordin;iry  militia  duties. 

It  will  be  unnecessary  to  urge  reasons  in  f;vor  of 
an  energetic  militia-system;  upon  tins  subject,  there 
is  but  little  diversity  of  sentiment.  Permit  me, 
however,  to  recommend  some  further  er.couratre- 
ment  to  uniformed  corps. 

The  rapid  improvements  in  artificial  roads,  parti- 


4^15    NIL^S'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  1816. 


cularlv  in  the  mountainous  parts  of  the  sUtte,  exceed 
the  most  sani^uine  expectations. — Those  improve- 
ments h-ive  ,iyi-eatly  facilitated  the  means  of  convey- 
in"-  the  produce  of  the  country  to  market,  and  liave 
added  much  to  the  value  of  landed  estates  wherever 
they  are  established.  By  enhancing  the  value  of 
taxable  property  they  have  increased  the  means  of 
iiiling-  the  state  treasury,  while  tliey  have  taken 
nothing  from  it — No  furtlier  leg-islative  aid  has  been 
necessary,  tlian  to  j^lvc  a  ]5roper  direction  to  the 
e;iterprizc  of  our  wealthy  citizens. 

I  must  beg'  leave  to  call  your  attention  to  o  project- 
ed improvenK-nt  of  ijrcat  national  imjjortance;  I  mean 
the  construction  of  a  canal,  to  connect  the  waters  of 
tiie  Delaware  river,  wifh  those  of  tlic  Raritan. 

We  have  tlie  mast  satisfactory  evidence,  that  the 
expence  of  construciin,;^  such  a  canal  on  the  most 
practicable  route,  would  bear  but  a  small  proportion 
to  the  immense  advantages  to  be  derived  from  it. 
Jt  v.'ould  form  an  important  link  in  that  vast  chain 
of  internal  navigation,  whicli  oiu-  country  admits  of, 
imd  which  will,  at  some  future  period,  afford  us 
sectu-ity  in  war,  and  an  abundant  source  of  wealth 
in  peace,  while  it  will'  form  a  pernjanent  bond  of 
liiii.m  among-  the  Atlantic  states.  All  local  consider- 
ations should  yield,  when  put  in  competition  with 
an  object  so  highly  interesting-,  not  only  to  this  state, 
but  to  the  union  at  large. 

0(U'  infant  marjufactures  will  uTuloubtedly  claim 
yoin- earnest  attention.  On  this  subject,  Neu' -.Jersey 
Is  deeply  interested.  Much  of  our  capital  already 
invested  in  manufacturing-  establishments  must  fail 
if  left  witho\it  protection,  to  struggle  in  a  market, 
inundated  with  goods,  of  IJriiidi  manufacture. 

Tiie  warehouses  of  tiie  manufacturing  towns  of  Eng- 
land, wiicre  goods  have  been  accumula'.ing  for  years 
j)ast,  are  suddenly  emptied  upon  lis,  witli  a  profu- 
sion, that  must  eventually  ruin  many  of  the  manufic- 
turers  in  that  country,  as  well  as  importers  in  this. 

It  m:iy  be  saidtiiat  our  manufacturers  miglit  have 
foreseen,  and  ought  to  have  been  prepared  to  meet 
the  circumstances  which  cause  their  present  dis- 
tress. They  did  anticipate  a  severe  cliecli  to  their 
business,  upon  the  retvu'u  ufpcace,  but  as  the  estab- 
lishments made  by  them  duriiig  the  war,  were  such 
as  our  situation  absolutely  required  at  tliat  time, 
and  as  they  may  eventually  become  of  i.nmense 
advantages  to  tlie  country,  if  protected,  the  adven- 
turers wer':  justifiable  in  calculating  upon  a  liberal 
.support,  as  well  iVom  the  general  government,  as 
t\-on  the  legislatures  of  tiie  several  states. 

England  owes  much  of  its  present  wealth  to  the 
legislative  protection  affoi-ded  to  its  manufacturers. 
As  early  as  tlie  reign  ofEdv.ard  the  IV.  the  English 
la-liament  prohlljilcd  the  importation  of  a  great 
\  ariety  of  articles  of  foreign  mani:fict(u-e  into  Eng- 
Lutd  and  ^Vales;  and  this  policy,  under  different 
motiihcations,  tiiey  have  wisely  pursued  ever  since. 
A  similar  policy  to  a  certain  extent  would  un- 
uoubiedly  be  ])ropcr  for  the  United  States. 

Aliiiough  our  manuf.cturers  m\istdepend  chiefly 
upon  the  wisdom  of  congre.-.s  for  relief^  yet  1  a;n 
confident  they  will  receive  fioni  you  sucli  aid  as 
tliC  limited  means  of  a  st.ate  legislature  c-an  afford. 
It  is  a  ple.ising  reflection  tluit  as  peace  and 
prosperity  rctm-n,  party  spirit  subsides;  politicil 
Miiniosity  yields  lo  a  general  emulation  to  promote 
the  public  good;  and  if  we  preserve  the  harmony 
in  our  councils,  which  now  happily  prevails,  we 
may  reasonably  iiope  to  perform  the  duties  imjjosed 
upon  us,  in  a  manner,  honorable  to  otirsclves,  and 
.aatisfactorv  to  tliose  for  whom  we  act. 

-MAHLON  DiCKEItSON. 
Tysnton,  Jan.  12,  1816, 


Legisiature  of  Massachusetts. 

GOVERNOR'S  MESSAGE. 

Gentlemen  of  the  senute,  and  gentlemen  of  the  house 
of  representatives: 

I  have  received,  since  the  close  of  your  former 
session,  by  order  of  the  secretary  of  state,  twenty, 
eight  boxes,  containing  the  laws  of  the  United 
.States,  for  the  use  of  this  commonwealtii;  they  are 
deposited  in  the  office  of  the  secrerary,  to  be  dis- 
posed  of  according  to  the  directions  of  the  legisla.- 
ture. 

By  a  resolve  of  the  15th  June,  one  of  the  mem. 
hers  of  the  late  board  of  war  was  authorized  to  com- 
plete and  close  the  accounts  of  this  commonwealth 
against  the  United  States,  in  the  office  of  tliat 
board,  and  file  the  same  in  the  secretary's  office. 
It  appears  by  his  letter,  that  the  service  was  sea- 
sonably performed.  This  letter,  together  with  the 
adjutant- general's  annual  return  of  the  militia  of 
the  state,  and  the  quarter-master-general's  return 
of  the  ordnance  and  militai-y  stores  belonging-  to 
this  commonwealth,  and  of  the  arms  and  munitions 
of  war  which  were  loaned  to  several  towns  and  in- 
dividuals, and  which  have  not  been  returned  into 
the  public  arsenal,  will  be  laid  before  you  by  the  se- 
cretary, lie  will  also  deliver  you  a  letter  from  the 
quarter-master-general,  stating  divers  circumstan- 
ces relating  to  his  department,  which  will  require 
your  attention. 

Within  tlie  last  three  years,  more  than  one  huHf 
dred  acts  of  the  general  court  have  been  passed, 
to  incorporate  persons  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
on  manufactures  of  diflierent  kinds;  in  some  of  these, 
and  other  similar  establisliments,  children  are  em- 
ployed at  an  early  age,  before  they  have  received 
the  education  which  is  usual  in  our  English  schools; 
and  it  may  be  expedient  for  the  legislature  to  re- 
quire, that  effectual  measures  be  taken  for  the  in- 
struction of  such  cliildren.  This  would  be  no  dis- 
advantage to  our  new  brandies  of  manufacture, 
which,  1  have  no  doubt,  you  will  be  disposed  to  en- 
courage, and  which  seem  to  be  entitled  to  that 
protection  which  can  be  afforded  to  them  only  by 
the  national  legislature. 

The  careful  education  of  youth  is  an  object  of 
the  highest  importance,  as  well  to  the  government 
as  to  every  individual;  a  due  regard  to  it,  is  the 
most  eflectual  method  to  prevent  the  commission 
of  crimes  and  uphold  order  and  just  authority.  At 
this  period,  when  they  are  most  susceptible  of  vir- 
tuous impressions,  if  they  are  left  without  cultiva- 
tion or  restraint,  they  will  entail  upon  their  counti-y 
an  endless  series  of  mischiefs.  But,  if  their  minds 
are  enlightened  by  education,  as  they  advance  in 
life,  they  will  understand,  and  duly  estimate  their 
i-ig-hts;  they  will  be  able  to  judge  of  the  characters 
and  motives  of  men,  and  distinguish  between  the 
honest  zeal  of  patriotism,  and  the  intemperate  heat 
of  party  spirit;  and  will  acquire  such  information 
as  will  enable  them  to  exercise  tlie  rights  and  per- 
form the  duties  of  citizens,  in  a  free  government, 
witii  steadiness  and  discretion. 

From  the  ease  with  which  new  regulations  may 
be  introduced,  perhaps,  we  are  in  danger  of  treat- 
ing the  ancient  forms  and  usag-es  of  the  slate  With 
too  little  respect.  The  people,  generally,  haves 
peculiar  att;ichn>cnt  to  tliose  laws  and  customs 
whicii  have  been  long  established,  and  conform  to 
tiieni  more  from  liabitual  regard,  than  through  feai 
of  punishment.  Unneccss;u-y  additions  to  theij-num 
ber,  or  frequent  alterations,  would  diminish  their  an- 
Ihoriiv,  and  lay  a  foundation  for  a  multitude  ofbti 
gOLis  r.iits.  V/hile,  tkercforcj  we  encoura^'e  a spiriW 


f 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— MASSACHUSETTS  LEGISLATURE. 


417 


genuine  Improvement,  let  us  do  justice  to  the  usag- 
es wiiich  we  and  oui-  fathers  have  approved,  and 
guard  against  a  temper  of  unceasing  innovation; 
let  us  clierlsh  those  principles  of  government,  and 
those  systems  of  education,  whicli  have  been  de- 
rived to  us  from  our  ancestors,  and  especially  the  in- 
stitutions which  have  a  tendency  to  preserve  in  the 
minds  of  the  people,that  reverence  for  theDeity,with- 
out  whicii  neither  public  nor  private  virtue  can  snb- 
sist,  nor  the  welfare  of  a  commvuiity  be  secured. 

A  state  of  peace  is  liiglily  favorable  to  the  im- 
provement and  prosperity  of  the  people,  and  af- 
fords the  best  security  for  the  continuance  of  their 
I  freedom.  Our  remote  situation  from  Europe  might 
,  lead  us  to  expect,  that  we  should  seldom  be  in  dan- 
ger of  foreign  war;  but  such  expectations  may 
!  prove  delusive.  In  every  country,  some  |)ersons 
,  will  be  found  of  a  restless  temper,  wlio  are  always 
dissatisfied  with  a  state  of  tranquilit}';  and  there 
are  many,  who  eagerly  wish  for  a  share  in  those  nu- 
merous and  lucrative  offices  and  contracts  which 
,  appertain  to  a  state  of  war.  Tliese  men  may  em- 
ploy themselves  in  attempts  to  excite  animosity  in 
the  minds  of  the  people,  against  nations  with  whom 
we  are  at  peace,  and  whose  friendship  is  benefi- 
cial. Indeed,  when  the  country  is  engaged  in  war, 
tliere  may  be  some  apology  for  adopting,  in  tuv  pub- 
lications, the  language  of  boasting  and  imtation, 
with  a  view  to  recommend  the  measures  of  the  go- 
vernment. But  when  war  is  at  an  end,  if  we  persist 
in  personal  resentment,  and  endeavor  to  perpetuate 
a  spirit  of  enmity  against  a  people  for  wliom  our 
government  professes  friendsliip,  we  manifest  a  de- 
praved and  malevolent  temper.  Sucli  conduct 
cannot  proceed  from  any  honorable  motive ;  it 
is  equally  unjust  and  impolitic,  and  can  only  tend 
to  transmit  our  odious  passions  to  future  times,  and 
entail  upon  our  childi-en  implacable  hatred,  and  ne- 
ver ending  hostility. 

But  tiiere  may  be  danger  of  war  from  a  higher 
source.  In  almost  every  government,  there  is  a 
a  party,  even  in  tiie  public  councils,  who  wish  to 
signalize  their  term  of  office  by  some  splendid  ae- 
tion,  or  some  acquisition  of  territory,  however  use- 
less it  may  be;  they  are  anxious  to  provide  for  their 
numerous  friends  and  dependents,  by  multiplying 
public  offices,  and  augmenting  the  patronage  of 
tlie  government;  and  they  are  willing  to  extend  its 
powers,  which  are  always  enlarged  in  a  state  of  war, 
in  proportion  as  the  public  taxes  and  the  number 
of  standing  troops  arc  increased.  Besides,  govern- 
ment, strengthened  by  a  large  military  force,  are 
then  often  tempted  to  assiune  powers  \;hich  are 
wholly  inconsistent  with  civil  liberty.  The  people 
may  also  be  involved  in  foreign  wars,  to  suspend 
disputes  er  complaints  which  may  arise  at  home;  or 
to  promote  the  success  of  onepolilical  party  against 
the  other;  or,  perhaps,  from  the  mere  impulse  of 
prejudice  or  passion.  But  when  a  war  spirit  pre- 
dominates, from  whatever  cause,  there  will  soon  be 
ftund  some  occasion  for  hostilities.  Events  fre- 
quently happen  in  the  intercourse  of  nations,  whicJi 
tUrnish  a  specious  pretence  for  designing  men,  to 
excite  the  passions  of  the  people  and  dispose  them 
to  a  rupture.  Tlicy  may  afiect  great  zeal  far  the 
interest  of  their  o  vn  country,  and  proportional  iji- 
dignation  against  tliose  powers,  whose  measures  are 
supposed  to  obstruct  it.  In  such  cases,  it  will  be 
hardly  possible  to  avoid  war,  if,  at  the  same  time,  tlie 
people  are  flattered  with  an  osteutatio'JS  display 
of  their  resources,  and  hear  nolliiiig  'out  what  tends 
tt)  excite  their  vanity,  or  inflame  tiieir  resentment. 

In  the  motives  for  making  war,  self-interest  )i;is 
wTt^i  a  cQntroting  inSaencc;  Knder  the  prciotve^  of 


regard  to  national  honor,  rulers  are  too  frequently 
niclincd  to  discover  supposed  insults  and  injuries, 
vyhere  none  were  intended.  Instead  of  listening  pa- 
liently  to  arguments  in  favor  of  peace,  or  reflec- 
tmg  how  greatly  they  themselves  may  be  deceived 
m  appreciiiting  their  own  motives  and  actions,  they 
raslily  declare  war,  and  sacrifice  many  thousand 
lives,  v/hen,  by  a  short  delay,  and  a  candid  negocia- 
tion,  the  supposed  injuries"  might  have  been  fully 
ex|)lained  or  expiated. 

Nor  does  our  form  of  government  afford  us  any 
assurance  of  uninterruptad  peace.  Republics  of' 
veiy  limited  extent,  and  surrounded  bv  powerful 
nation.'^,  are  chiefly  attentive  to  their  outi  safety — 
and  have  seldom  an  opportunity  of  indulging  "the- 
spirit  of  conquest.  But  wherever  that  spirit  pre- 
vails, whether  in  republics  or  monarchies,  it  is  cru- 
el, rapacious  and  insatiable.  During  the  whole  pe« 
riod  of  the  Roman  commonwealth,  that  people  were 
almost  constantly  engaged  in  wars  with  the  adjoin- 
ing states;  in  most  of  their  wars  they  were  them- 
selves the  aggressors,  and  were  ready  to  gratify 
their  ambition  and  avarice,  at  the  expence  of  i  eigh- 
boring  nations,  against  whom  tliey  have  had  no  rea- 
sonable ground  of  complaint. 

In  republics.ambition  is  the  great  source  of  crimes- 
and  misfortunes.  It  is  frequently  possessed  by  the 
favorites  and  pretended  friends  of  the  people;  who,, 
notwithstanding,  when  actuated  by  tliis  impulse, 
lose  their  sentiments  of  justice  and  regard  to  tli& 
welfare  of  tlieir  country;  and  seem  to  have  no  sense 
of  public  calamities,  unless  thej  suffer  themselves, 
or  their  family  connections;  or  party  influence  are 
affected. 

Although,  as  members  of  this  government,  we 
can  have  no  immediate  agency  in  producing  wars,, 
or  preventing  them;  yet,  so  far  as  we  have  influence 
in  choosing  the  officers  of  the  national  government, 
we  may  and  ought  to  employ  it,  in  selecting  these 
who  are  distinguished  for  integrity,  moderation  andt 
invariable  attachment  to  the  riglits  of  the  citizens 
and  the  public  good-  1  hope  the  United  States 
will  be  saved  from  the  guilt  of  unjust  and  offensive 
wars;  but  we  shall  liave  little  ground  to  flatter  our- 
selves with  the  ex]jectation  of  durable  tranquility, 
until  the  rulers  of  the  world  are  governed  by  disin- 
terested motives,  and  the  passions  of  avarice  and 
ambition  are  contT-olled  by  a  belter  spirit. 

On  this  occasion,  gentlemen,  will  you  indtdge  me' 
in  a  few  remarks  v/hich  relate  cliiefly  to  myself? 

If  we  had  been  in  a  tr^nquil  state  durhig  the  last 
four  years,  1  should  not  have  been  a  c;indidate  for 
any  public  office;  but  having  been  again  called  up- 
on, I  hoped  to  be  capable  of  performing  any  ser- 
vice that  might  be  assigned  me,  until  our  afTair.s 
sliould  be  in  a  more  pe;iceful  train,  and  the  difficul- 
ty which  embarrassed  the  government  of  the  state 
should  be  diminished.  That  period  is  now  arriv- 
ed, and  the  infirmities  of  age  make  it  necessary 
for  me  to  retire,  as  soon  as  conveniently  may  be, 
fi-om  public  business.  Permit  me,  therefore,  to  say 
to  you,  gentlemen,  and  througii  you  to  our  consti- 
tuents, that  I  decline  to  be  a  c;indidate  for  the  office 
of  governor  at  tlie  next  election.  I  thank  my  fel- 
low citizens  for  tiie  many  proofs  tiiey  have  givejj 
me  of  their  confidence,  and  especially  for  their  cai.- 
i'lor,  in  doing  justice  to  the  nicjiives  by  wliicli  I  wi;s 
influenced  in  the  course  of  tl;e  late  war.  I  hope 
the  people  of  this  state  will,  in  ail  future  times,  b.* 
united  iit  sentiments  of  matu;d  good  will;  and  may 
tiie  Almiglity,  wlio  protected  our  fathers,  be  the 
guide  and  defence  of  their  children,  in  tiiis,  and  eve- 
ry succeciliiig  generation.         (J.VLEB  SrilONn. 

Jerniari;  16///,  l«lfi. 


418 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBllURY  10,  1816. 


CONGRESS. 


SENATE. 


ameiiiI;;Knt,  ami  spoUi:'  at  much  length  on  Our  national  conocriu, 
in  ii'ply  to  till-  ailvijcans  »i  ihc  govi  iniiient. 

Wli^u  .Mi-.  K.  cuac'iudi^,  tlic  cuimiiiltee  riisc,  and  tlie  house  ad- 
Jn(jw/n/25-Mi-.B/4isubiiiitleil  the  followiDg  motion  for coiisi-;J"'"'|,'''-      ,,„,,,  ,      u    ,•„<■,..,      , 

,       .      -,  1     L''ra"e«/a!/,./««.  31  — III  the  si'iiate  thf  b)l!sfn>nuiii^otherhou»e 

^''^J^,ljtJ,hut/u'stmateaml/wmeofn-^rc6CHtalivcsofth^  cuiulin,"  t"h,'  doulil.'  duii-s  m.  imports,  a.d  als^.  the  duties  oil 

SM,,  of  Anwrica.  in  congress  u,,emlj!m,  huo  thirds  vj'  bjh  houses  \  """'P'  an  J  ivhn-d  s-.gar,  wi-  tinall}  pass,'>l.      1  li^'  now  only  re- 
to:icunin2.    That  thv-  folluwing  anu-ndiuHiii  to  li.e  constitution  of;  I""'- th e  sigiiatureot  il.c  pre.ia.-.u  loWon...  laws, 
the   United  States   be   pio..o.ed  to  ih,    le^'i.l.uUi.  s  ui  thu  several       I" /''e  "ioose  oi  representatives  the  day  \vas  oeo-.pitd  in  debate 
«at.s,  whieh,  whiii  ratit,.  d'hj  tiiree-lounlis'of  the  states,  shall  be  va-l  ?"  "'f  rev.  ...le  Mil.ject.    Mr.  Ueyiudils  aad  Mr.  Calhoun,  spoke  in 
lid,  to  all  iiit.  nts  and  purposes,  as  a  part  of  the  said  constitution  ; 
•■  I  lie  senati.rs  oi  the  United  States  shall  b    chos  ii  lor  thrtc  y  ars 


[I'liis  subjrtt  lias  not  l!e>  n  ilisciisscd  in  the  senate,  out  isinaditlie 
order  of  the  day   or  an  tivly  <lay.] 

jiinuavj?^l.—  VW  lui!  wing  was  the  vote  on  tl;e  passage  ot  the 
l)ill  roreoniiiiniiigin  lore-- llie  double  duties  to  t!ie30th  olJuie  ,  i<ce. 

VliAS— M- ssrs.  Burbonr,  Bur),  Bibb,  Bm.hii,  Ciiae<.  Coiiiiit. 
rriiinentin,  Gaillard.  H  .v..  II,  Hiinu  r,  L-.eoeU,  Al.ison.N.  H.  Masou. 
Va  Morrow,  Rub  its,  Kui^ijles  Saiiford.  I\iiujt,  lait,  iayiur,  Tur- 
Iicr,  Variiuni,  Wells,  Wilbaiiis,  \Vil;>o.;— 2  . 

I-JAX'S— Messrs.  Dana,  Goldsborougb,  Horsey.  Tlioiiipson,  Ticbe- 
uor— 5. 

The  senatesp.nt  some  time  in  discussion  of  the  bnl  to  authorise 
the  payment  fur  proi^f  rtj  IojI,  eaj'tuitd  ur  il.  slroyid  by  the  eiie.iiy 
while  ill  the  milltnj  s  rviie  oi  tie'  U:;iied  States ;  when  the  bill  was 
rtcomiiiitled  to  the  niilliary  coninnil;  e. 

Muii'lay,  Fell.  5— Mr  Harper,  froin  Maryland,  appeared  and  took 
Jiis  seat. 

Tuci(/cy,  Feb.  6— The  bill  from  the  liotiS'  to  continue  the  duty 
an  i.iiport-  d  salt,  <ia>sed  to  a  tidrd  r.  adi  ig,  23  ,vott  s  to  6. 

naVSV.  OF    iti;t'!'li.S3B\T.'.TiV..S. 

Friday,  Jtmuanj  2  •  and  Stiturday,  the  27th,  were  chiefly  occu- 
Jiied  by  Mr  Uai.dolph  in  a  speech  be  coinmeneed  on  Thwsdny— 
i«  eoris'idirable  p;irt  of  what  be  bad  to  say  being  yet  reserved  for  a 
t'umre  opportunuv. 

Manual),  Juiiuu'nj  2Q.— Mr.  King,  of  Mass.  presented  the^  peti- 
tion of  Jab-z  Muwry  and  oibtrs,  eiiizei.s  of  tin-  United  Stat- s. 
sia'ing  tliat  upon  t!ie  captnre  o!  'i-:a<tport  by  the  British  furei  s 
(lining  llie  late  war,  a  number  of  bonds  given  by  them  to  the 
Uiiitid  Stales  to  s.-eure  tlie  duties  on  imported  intrcbandize,  ftll 
into  the  bands  of  the  Hrilisli  antbui-i>i.s,  tliat  suits  liav.  beni 
tomiiit  need  against  some  of  them  iy  the  Bntisb  go\erinneiit  in 
Hdiliit  and  jodgment  decrt-<d,  that  the  cases  are  now  pending 
before  the  higher  court>  in  Grrat-Britain,  &c.  and  that  the  suits 
havt-  also  been  commenced  agai'ist  them  by  the  authorities  of  the 
United  States,  ae.d  praying  relief  from  tle.se  ilouUle  prosecutions. 
.Mr.  Ingham  present  "d  the  jv  tiiion  of  sundry  manul'aeturers  of 
Woolen  goods  in  the  slati  s  ol  N- w'-.l^rsey,  P  niisylvauia  and  D  la- 
ware,  praying  that  the  existing  duties  lipjii  ail  wool,  n  articles  ol 
foreign  manufacture  imported  into  the  United  States  may  be 
continued. 

Mr.  Ingham  made  a  report  respecting  the  letter  from  the  post- 
master general.  The  coonuittee  bad  liad  an  interview  with  him— 
V<iieii  be  informed  tbeoi  tliat  tile  reason  for  his  appeal  to  c  ingress 
Mas  Ibundt  i  upon  a  report  that  so.ne  persons  iii  the  depariment 
T:iri  been  in  the  custom  of  selling  draifs  on  tlie  ikpiity  post- 
ljii«.<t  r>,  and  retaining  the  i>r  miums  lor  ilK-ir  personal  emolnmeiit 
— w\eli  he  desirtd  might  be  iuvesllgated.  I'ht  malt  r  was  refer 
red  to  !.  select  committee 

'i  be  h'.;ise  tiien  again  rc*solved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the 
■wliule,  on  til?  revenue  subjwt. 

The  questi  Jii  still  under  consideration  was  the  proposition,  by 
way  of  amendment,  to  repeal  the  direci  tax. 

Mr.  Parris  and  Mr.  M'Kee  spoke  in  lavor  o  this  motion  ;  Mr. 
t;i.\y  went  at  l-ciiglb  in  opposilio.i  to  the  motion,  and  Mr.  Huj)- 
fciiuon  i'l  n  ply. 

The  speeches  of  th'-' two  latt'T  gentlemen  covered  the  whole  field 
•ef  tile  giiier:il  policy,  past  and  present,  of  tin  government. 

When  Mr.  Hoidiiiuon  concluded,  on  the  suggestion  of  Mr. 
Throop,  the  resolution  respecting  the  direct  tax  was  ord-  red  to  bi 
laid  on'  the  taole,  and  tlic  hous-  jiroceeded  to  ewnsid-er  the  follow- 
ing resomtion,  :is  bring  okmv  pr-ssing  in  its  niiturc: 

R.:sulve.il,  That  it  is  i  xpedii  nt  to  rep^-al,  from  and  after  the  1  tli 
day  of  .\pril  next,  tf.e  act  enlitljd  "an  act  to  jiroviJe  additional 
revenues  lor  detrayiie^  ;fic  expences  of  government  and  niai!itain- 
iiig  tin- public  creui;,i)j  l:ijiiigdiill».s  »<i  various  t'Tods.  wares,  aiij 
i-nercbandiz  ,  nia-.utact;ir  d  Witliiii  the  United  jtutes,"  passed  o.. 
■file  iBih  January,  !JI5,  -and  also  the  act  e'.uitb-il  "un  act  t'<]'riivi-b 
Itldiiimial  reveiinf»  !•  rdelra>ing  theexpences  of  govern  nt"ot  and 
piaintaini.-.g  tile  piiL-lic  credit,  hj  laying  a  duty  o.igold,  silver,  ai^l 
plated  ware,  and  jewelry,  and  paste  work,  inatiulactined  witii 
tlie  Uniled  Stales,''   passed  ,        ■  ■       — 


on  the  *7th  ot    rwinuary,   lolS,  fr.'iin 
iChe  same  day. 

Mr.  Deshd  moved  to  strike  oiit  so  much  of  the  resolve  as  pro- 
post-1  to  rep.al  till-  d-.iiies  oii  manufactures  of  jewelry,  Iscc.  wiileli 
muiio:!  WT.s  however  iiejritjveil,  beii-.f>;  opposed  by  Mr.  i-uw  odes 

lie-  rescdnfOTi  was  ineiiiy  airreid  to,  ami  r  ferre^l  lo  the  coiu- 
KiiilLc  of  ways  and  men. is  to  bring  i-i  a  1:11  accordihgly. 

Mr.  Jlon'lo!_'ih  (m  consi  queiice  of  wbai  bail  fallen  from  Mr. 
Clay  ill  d'-bat'-)  laid  upon  tlir  table  t!i'e  tbbowiog  rriolutioii: 

"tiesuii'ed,  Ttiat  it  is  exjiedi.  nt  to  r  duL-e  the  m,..t;ir)  .stablish- 
tneiit  of  the  United  States."     And  tie-  liouse  a'ljour.io'l. 

Ti!fsdaij,Jiin.oO.—Hii;iy  petitions  w;  re  presented— among  them, 
SOvi  ral  IVuni  inauufacturers,  praying  protection. 

'l"he -i^uuse  ih^-n,  resolveil  itself  into  u  comujittee  of  the  whol^- 
liouse,  on  the  subject  ol'  tile  revenue. 

1  be  tpitslion  being  on  the  proposition  to  repeal  the  direct  tax- 
Mr.  1','ii^hl  st;;ipijrted  ihe  iexjlition  of  the  direct  t.»x,  and  in  a 
»neicli  of  consideraljle  letiglb,  delivered  his  opinions  on  public  af- 
Ja'irs  generally. 

M'. .  A  -..f   of  Mios.  fjllawed,  also  in  supp-Jtt  of  the  proposed 


jf-ivorof  a  continuation  of  the  direct  tax.  and  Mr.  Hoss  against  il 
Mr.  Uaiidulpb  r -plied  to  Mr.  Calhonii.  On  inotioii  of  Mr.'Turfccr,  f 
the  commiiiee  tln-u  rose,  reporti-d  l)rogr;ss  and  ot.laincd  leave  to  j 
siteguiii.  I 

A  im-ssage  was  received  from  the  prrsideiit,  transmitting  a  re-  ' 
port  of  the  secret-ny  ol  state,  and  sundry  doeunn  nts,  resiiestiiig 
the  transactions  at  Dartmoor  in  April  18  i.--.     They  were  ordered  to 
be  prim-  d. 

Tin-  debate  going  on  in  the  housp  appears  to  be  l.ig'ily  interest- 
ing—iniolvingaW  questions,  past,  present  and  futur-  !] 

Thiir.idny,  Feb.  1— After  the  presentation  of  several  petitions— 
the  subject  ol  tlie  revenue  was  taken  up.  Mr.  Tucker  spuke  against 
a  repeal  of  th-  direct  tax— Mr.  Randolph  occupied  the  r<  st  of  tlie 
dayiiisev  ral  motions  and  sp  ecbes 

Frulnii  Ffh  — So.ne  minor  husinessb  ing  done,  the  house  again 
W'-nt  into  conm.iitee  of  the  wlmle  on  the  revenue  bills,  the  direct 
lex  being  siill  iindercoiisideratiou— after  sometime  spent  thereon, 
the  committee  rose,  &e. 

The  bill  to  re|M.al  the  duties  on  certain  domestic  m.^niifactures 
being  so  amended  as  to  give  it  iniinediate  tiJect,  was  ordired  to  a 
tliini  fading. 

The  blank  in  the  bill  for  orduaiice,  fortifications,  &c.  was  filled 
up  with  1,650.000  dollars. 

•So^Krflfat,'.  FeA.  3— ThespeskerUid  before  llie  house  a  letter  from 
commodore  Rodgers,  soliciting  the  interfc-tence  of  congress  in  a 
suit  bet -Veen  John  Donnell  and  bimsellj  for  the  loss  of  a  sL-hooner 
and  h'  r  cargo,  which  loss  is  alleged  to  have  taken  place  because  she 
was  stopped  and  examined  by  a  squadron  of  ships  commanded  by 
tb»  commodore  during  the  latt  war. 

'I'he  engrossed  bill  to  repeal  the  duties  on  domestic  inauufactures, 
w  as  read  a  third  linn  and  passed. 

The  bouse  took  up  the  rejiort  of  the  committee  of  the  whole  re- 
specting the  revenue.  On  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Clay  it  was  agreed, 
1  9  to  li5,  to  limit  the  duration  of  the  dir  ct  tax  to  out  year. 

.'Jr.  Hardin  tlieji  renewtd  the  motion,  which  he  had  made  with- 
out success,  in  committee  of  the  whole,  to  amend  the  resolution  so 
as  to  declare  it  expedient  to  repeal  inimediatily  the  dir.  ct  tax,  and 
tliereoii  driiiaiided  the  yeas  and  nays. 

The  qu  stmn  was  taken  on  the  motion  to  repeal  the  tax  entirely! 
and  decided  ill  the  negative  as  follows  : 

YEAS- Messrs.  Ath-  rion,  Baer,  Barbour,  Baylies,  Blount,  Boss, 
Bradbury,  Br-n-kenridge,  Brighain,  Brown,  Bryan,  Cady,  Cannon, 
Champiiin,  Cilley,  Clark,  N.  C.  Cooper,  Culpepper,  Davenport, 
Goldshonnigh,  Hale,  Harilin,  Hawes,  H-ister,  Henderson,  Herberl, 
Hulbert,Huiig-:-rroid,  Jackson,  Jewett,  Kent,  King,  Ms.  King.  V.C. 
Langdon,  L>'W  ,  Lewis,  Love,  Lovett.  Lyon,  Mason,  M"Coy,  M'Kee, 
.Mdls,  Moore,  S.  C.  Mosely.  Noyes,  Parris,  Pitiiiii,  Powell,  Randolph, 
RecHi,  Uice,  Ruggles,  Sharp,  Shetfey,  Smith,  Va.  Stanford,  Stearns, 
Strong,  Sturges.  I'aggart,  Tallmnge,  Tate,  Taul,  Thonias,  Vuse, 
Ward,  Ms.  Ward,  N.Y.  Wheaton,  \Vilcox,  Williams,  Wright,  Yan- 

Cej— 73. 

NAYS— Messrs-  Abxaoder,  Bak  r,  B.-issctt,  Batenian.  Bennett, 
Bi  Its,  Birlsall.  Rirdseye,  Brooks,  Buriuide,  Burwell,  CaUUtll, 
(  allioue,  Cbajiji  II,  Chirk,  Ky.  Cl.nd  nniii.  Clopton,  Comstoclc, 
Ci-awliird,  Cn  igliton,  Cutlib>-ri,  Darlington,  Desha,  Forney,  Oastoa, 
Cil-asgow.  Gold.  G'joiiwyn,  GrifHii,  Grosvenm-,  Halm.  Hall,  Kani- 
mond,  Hngr,  liigliain,  Irving,  N.  \'.  Irwin.  Pa.  Johnson,  Ky.  Kerr, 
Va.  Lowndes,  Luiii|iKiii.  Lyie,  Maclay,  Mayra-.l,  M-L-  an,K.  M'Lealii 
O.  Middl -ton,  Mibior.  Nelson,  Ms.  N-  Isoii,  Va.  Newton,  Onusby, 
Pickens,  Pickering,  Piper,  Pleasants,  Reynolds,  Roane,  Robertsou, 
Roof,  Rns<,  Sarg- ant,  Savage,  Schenck,  Simith,  Pa.  Southard,  lay- 
lor,  N.  Y.  Telfair.  Throoii,  Tucker,  Wallace,  Ward.  N.  J.  Weii- 
dover,  Whiteside,  Wild,-,  Wiikio,  Willoughby,  Tbos.  Wilson,  Win., 
Wilson,  Woodward.  \'at--s— S  . 

yii:  Fickcns  then  made  a  motion  toaniend  the  i-t  solution  for  con. 
tiiiuiiigadirect  tax  of  three  millions,  so  as  to  reduce  the  direct  tax 
from  l.'ii-ce  to  ixuo  millions  ;  but,  belbre  the  question  was  taken,  Iht 
bouse  adjouriiid. 

Mr.  Fieasnnts,  from  the  naval  committee,  made  a  report  on  tliB 
petition  ofcapt.  Charles  Stewart,  aceompanieil  hy  a  bill,  rewaru- 
iiig  the  oirietrs  and  cr  -w  of  the  Conslitui  ion  frigate,  lor  liie  capime 
ol  th- British  sloopof  war  Levant— Read  ind  eommitt'd. 

The  motion  lo  reduce  the  direct  (ax  to  two  millions  was  liegn- 
lived- after  various  motions,  the  lurther  consideration  of  the  sub- 
ject was.  [io>tpoiie<l. 

The  house  then,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Forsyth,  resolved  itselfinto* 
committee  of  the  whole,  on  the  bill  from  the  senate,  concerning  tue 
co-nmerciai  convention  with  Great  Britain. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Furntjth,  the  liill  was  amended  from  its  decwtti- 
tory  form,  by  striking  out  the  whole  of  the  bill  and  inserting  ii.lieu 
thi.reol.  in  tile  very  terms,  the  oil!  which  pass:  d  tliis  house  severtl 
days  ago,  and  was  rejected  in  ih-,  Se.nate. 


fbis  motion  Mr.  l-'orsyth  supp)r(ed  liy  a  sjieecli.  in  which  lie 
compared  the  merits  o!  the  two  ■'.ills,  and  conclcmnid  the  senate* 
bill  as  an  inti-rferurice  with  the  jo  bcial  power,  and  also  as  aa  ■t' 
tempt  to  di'|>rive  this  bous"  id'  its  ,iusi  powers  in  relation  to  lliiS 
origination  of  pioposilions  aifecting  ili-  public  revei.tie. 

ihe  bill  having  i-c  ii  thus  Mine-nded,  was  rep'ortid  to  the  Iiouiel 
and  the  qneslio..  being  on  the  concurrence  in  the  amcudintlits 
made  in  committee—  . 

Mr.  Lj'o.'i  deU>  rrsU  a  succch  of  about  an  hour  in  length,^ agaum 


NILES'  V/EEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


419 


the  bill  and  agfaimt  the  necrssity  ot  li  gislatiou  on  the  subject ;    to 
whii  11  Mr.  Forsyth  brirlU  r  pli  li. 

Tlie  qu  sHuii  uii  toncuniiiK  in  the  aineiidnients  which  go  to 
thhstiiui'.  tilt-  liiU  which  lirst  i)a»s;il  this  house,  in  heu  ut  the  se- 
nate's bill,  wa>  then  ileciileilas  ollows  : 

F(ir  th    an'rnd'nents  81 

Ag;nn<i  thc-iii  VO 

And,  tinis  am  nd;  d,  the  bill  was  ordered  te  be  engrossed  for  a 
third  rinding.  I 

Tuesday,  February  6.— Sundry  petitions  wcve  presented  and  re- j 
ftiT  d;  aiiiiiijj  wlneh  vv  .s,  1)\  Mr.  Pi  .ki  y.  ihe  peiition  of  su  di-y 
nierchunts  .1  d  ship-owners  in  the  citj  oi  Baitiinore,  praying  com- ^ 
peasatiou  i'l  caniag  ■>  sii';tain'<l  »y  thi*  sinki.ig  o;  ill  ir  \  ssels  at' 
the  entraii  lof  ihi-  liHroor  ol'  Baltiiuorr,  to  aid  in  the  detfiice 
thei'iol  wh  1    attacki'l  by  the  British  ;orce»  in  Sept.-  .  b  r.  1   15. 

Mr.  Ju/iiii-071  r  port,  d  a  hill  fur  oiganiiiig  the  );•.  neral  staff,  aad 
i  lakiiiff  further  (.rovisioii  (or  thr  organization  of  the  army  o!  the 
lUiiitid  Suites;  wiiich  was  twice  read. 

The  hmis  ,  iiu  inoiioii  of  Mr.  Kin^,  nsunied  the  consideration  of 
the  resolution  siihiintti-d  Dy  him  yesterda).*  He  t!i,  n  v.ithdrew  his 
nioiioii,  and  inii  u  inereof  laidon  the  table,  lor  future  considera- 
tioii,  the  iblloHing-: 

Resolved,  Inat  the  eo-nraittee  of  loreign  relations  he  instructed 
to  eiiijuir,-  into  tlie  exiiedi>-ncy  ul  excluding  IVooi  the  ports  of  the 
Uniti-d  States,  or  of  incivasing  the  duti.-s  on  all  Ibrrign  vesj^-ls 
owitd  III,  cuiniiig  from,  bound  to,  or  l.iuci.iiig  at.miy  of  the  pos- 
sessions of  any  natio'  o:  Europe  in  the  W'lst-Jiidies.  and  on  the 
CGJitin-iit  of  America,  from  v.lncli  tie  vess'lsoi  theU'.ittd  Slates 
»r  exclude. 1,  and  of  prohibitjiiijor  of  liicivasiiig  l!ie  duties  on  tlie 
import.itioa  in  fori  ign  vessels  oi  any  article*  of  the  growth,  pro- 
iluc  or  .naiiufaetnre  of  such  possessions. 
This  motion  li  s  on  the  table. 

The  bill  from  the  senate  .oncerning  the  convention  of  coni- 
jnercr  with  Great  Britain,  as  yesterday  amended  in  this  house,  was 
read  a  third  tiu:e  and  passed. 

The  housi-  r'smncd  the  consideration  of  tlie  proposition  of  the 
corn.iiittee  of  ways  and  means  to  continue  the  direct  tax  of  three 
Uiillions  anotli  r  year. 

Mr.  Firkens''  motion  to  reconsidi  r  the  >ote  on  the  question  of 
repea^nl^'  said  tax  b'ing  u.ider  consideration — 

Mr.  Lowndes,  Mr.  Hrin\'m,  and  Mr.  S;irgeant  spoke  at  length 
against  this  iiiolion,  and  Messrs.  Slcanis,  Atherlou,  Jiartdol;ik  and 
PicUtits  in  favor  of  it— the  deliaies  turning  on  the  merits  of  the 
proposed  dir.  ct  tax,  on  general  principles,  Jt  the  present  conjuiic- 
turi   of  our  artairs.   Mr.  TucKer  spoke  bvi  Hy  in  explaiiatio.i. 

'I'he  qu.. stioii  on  the  motion  to  reconsider,  essi  iitiaily  the  question 
to  relieal  the  tax  altogeth.  r,  was  d.  cidcd  us  follows: 
I'or  the  re-tousidrr.ilioil  68 

Against  it  ^'^  . 

The  rf  soliiiioii  to  coniiniie  the  direct  tax  of  three  millioiw  for  one 
year,  was  then  agitvd  to,  and  referred  to  the  financial  coiuaiitlee 
to  hrnig  ill  a  oil!  accordingly. 

Mr.  tiu;^er  submitt  d  a  proposition  to  .»|ipoint  a  i; -w  committee, 
on  the  su;i)ectof  public  exptnduures;  which  lies  on  the  taole  one 
tlay  of  cou.sf. 

I'lie  house  then  proceeded,  in  committee  of  the  whc!;',  to  con 
sider  the  ner.i  proposiiioii  of  the  coininittee  of  wajs  and  means, 
viz.  that  which  proposes  tlieeoniinuance  ol  ceriain  doti  s  on  dis- 
tillation— when, on  motion  of  .Vlr.  Williams  of  N.  C.  who  considered 
this  qu  stion  too  iiupuriaiit  to  he  decided  without  discussion,  the 
coiiimiii,-.  rose,  r  porte  I  progress ;  and 
The  hoiis  •  adjourn,  d. 

H''eUiicsUa:j,  fed.  7— Mr.  f tenia n^j,  from  the  coinruittcp,  reported 
aniriidmeiits  to  the  bill  from  th  senat--,  aulhorisini;  thi  appoi.it- 
liieiit  ui  admirals,  th  obj'ct  of  wliicli  are  to  cr.  atr  one  vice-adiui- 
ral  and  two  r'  «r-admiral»,  i  isiead  of  one  admiral  anil  two  vice-ad- 
luirals— a  mere  change  of  demimiuaiion.  The  hill  and  amend.nents 
■Were  releiTed  to  a  conimittreol   lh>    whole. 

Tlie  lioiu.  resumed  th  ciL.sid  ii-tion  oi  M..  King's  motion,  sub- 
mitted yesterday.  Alter  considerable  debate  and  much  obs.  rva- 
liori,  it  w:is  :ig,-eed  to 

Til  roenie-  bills  were  then  taken  Bp  i.:  committee  of  the  whole 
Some  time  b.iiig  spent  therein  it  rose  without  d.  teriBiiiiug  any 
thingdecisiv  ly,  ami  liad  lave  to  sit  again. 

Mr.  liassell.  froai  th.  coiiimitt  e  to  whom  was  reffiTed  the  me- 
morial ol  com.  John  Rodfcers,  ol  the  navy,  resp  cling  a  judguu  nt 
obtained  aguinsi  hioi  by  Jolin  Uoiiiull  ul  LiaUimuri,  tor  the  value 
of  a  vessel  del  ned  b)  a  frigate  h  lo.igin^^  to  a  squa 'ion  under 
the  ComiiianJ  of  com.  U.  r  porti  il  a  resolution  for  his  r  lief. 

'I'his  resolniioo,  Htter  souu'  coiiV'*rsatio;i  oii  th  '  fori.:  oi*  the  re- 
port, it  bei.ig  co.iteiaUd  that  it.sliiiuUI  liav.-  b -en  by  hill  iiisirado. 
ri'solmion,  «as  twice  read  and  referred  to  a  committee  of  the 
■whote.     Anil  ilie  house  .  dj.jur..ed. 

T/iurts.uiif,  Feb.  ti.  i'lie  Speaker 'Aso  i:u(l  befo.e 
the  house  the  annual  rcjioii  of  the  comniissioncr 
of  the   shikiiig-  fund. 

The  iioiise  resumed  the  cousideiMtioii  of  the  iv- 
port  of  the  cominitiec  of  wMys  and  means,  on  the 
revenue. 

The  pi'opo.sition  to  amend  the  resolve  respecting 
fte  whiskey  tax,  by  reducing-  the  piopo.'sed  addi- 
tion of  lUJ  per  cenc.  on  die  c.ip., city  of  the  stiii,  lo 
Sy)  per  cent,  was  further  deb.ited  at  much  leiiiji;-, 
supported  by  Messrs.  Ciiinon,  Taul,  Thj-oop,  liosi, 

•The  resolution  alluded  to  is  omitted  to  save  room,  that  wliieU 
"dllows  being  essentially  ill.-  s  me  — havii.g  vnmediate  i\[n\-:  to 
^eftets  oWaod  ill  <jt  trauiiig  livm  Biiliih  wjwujei.        li.U.  Ri-g. 


M«;vi  e,  n  I  Yancey,  and  opposed  by  Messrs.  Robert- 
son, Low  des.  Smith  of  Md.  an  !  Taylor  of  X.  Y. — 
It  was  neg-ativeil  by  a  very  small  m.jority. 

Mi-.  M'Lean,  of  Ohio,  tlicn  moved  to  amend  the 
resolve  so  as  to  equalize  the  rate  of  a  license  to  dis- 
til per  week,  inontli,  fkc.  to  the  rate  of  the  licensC' 
per  year;  which  motion  was  ag-recd  to  by  a  majo- 
rivy  of  20  or  30  votes. 

The  ma.n  res.)hition  (to  repeal  tlie  duty  on  tlie 
quan'dty  o'-'  spirits  distilled,  and  lo  increase  the 
duty  on  the  capacity  of  the  still  100  per  cent.)  was 
then  ag-reed  to. 

The  proposition  to  repeal  the  duty  on  household 
furniture  was  ag-reed  to. 

The  remaining  resolution  was  then  taken  up  as 
follows: 

Ri'solvad,  That  it  is  expedient  so  to  amend  the 
r  ..OS  of  duties  upon  imported  articles,  after  the  30th 
of  June  next,  as  that  they  shall  be  estim.atcd  to 
produce  an  amount  equal  to  tliat  which  would  be 
produced  by  an  average  addition  of  42  per  cent,  to 
the  permanent  rat.?s  of  dutit-s. 

And  agreed  to  without  a  division. 

The  co-ainittee  then  rose,  and  reported  their  pror 
ceedings  to  tlie  house. 

Mr.  Lo-i'Tidcs,  from   the  committee  of  ways  and 
means,  reported  a  bill  to  carry  into  cflect  tlie  propo- 
sition  respecting'  the    (Urect    tax  (adopted  by   the 
iou.se  the  other  day)  which  bill  was  twice  read  and 
committed. 

And  the  house  adjourned. 

CHKOiNICLE. 

ALfJiERs.  Several  letters  have  recently  r.p'per'f. 
ed  from  officers  of  our  squadron  in  the  Mcditer. 
ranean.  They  generally  state  that  tlic  dey  of  Al- 
giers is  very  much  dissatisiicd  that  tiiebrig-  captur- 
ed by  com.  Decatur  has  not  been  restored,  as'pro- 
mised.  ife-t-jjeaks  of  tiie  favorablene^s  of  the  tre.'i- 
ty  he  granted,  and  that  the  restoration  of  the  prizes 
ivas  absolutely  necess-ary  to  keep  the  people  quiet. 
Some  of  these  letters  reflect  ])retty  severely  upon 
com.  Uccatur  for  leaving-  that  se:i  before  lie  had  ful- 
filled his  promise  to  the  dey.  Tlie  brig-,  it  seems-, 
was  detained  ijy  the  Spaniards,  on  the  plea  that  sihe 
Was  taken  within  their  waters.  Com.  Sha-,o  was 
.,bout  to  proceed  hinLsclf  to  CtiriJiag-.-'na  to  dcmami 
.lU  explanation  as  to  this  busines;: — other  accounts 
say  thi'.tthe  brig-  liad  been  g-ivcn  up  by  tlie  Ameri- 
cuns.  Our  squadron  has  fixetl  upon  l^ori  JJakon  for 
winter  quarters. 

The  Algerine  fleet  con.sists  of  1  ship  of  59  ^-iini; 

1  of  45;    1  of  44;    1  of  38;  1  of  36;   1  of  ,30;    1  oV  '22; 

2  of  2J,  and  a  g-Uey  of  5— total  31 0  g-ims. 

Com.  Chaunci'i;  left  \V;!..s!!iiig-to;i  city  on  "Wednes- 
day last,  to  proceed  with  the  Washington  74,  for  the 
.Medilerranean. 

Tiie  ]?riii.s  l-.ave  erected  a  fort  on  Dnimmond's 
Island,  in  the  passage  l^etween  lakes  Ifui'on  and  Su- 
perier,  and  about  4.3  miles  from  our  fjrt  at  ]Macki- 
naw,  on  lake  Huroi'. 

Jsevj-Yorh. — Tue  legislature  of  this  state  is  no\r 
in  session.  A  history  of  the  incipient  proceeding.^ 
of  the  assembly  (us  the  ho-ase  o,'  reprcsentatives'iS 
Galled)  is  curious  and  interest  in/-.  TIk^  ve;leru!ists 
in  a  body,  on  account  of  the  ab^enc-"  of  two  of  thci-? 
members,  refused  to  meet  on  trie  lirst  day  of  t'lo 
session,  and  so  prevented  the  formation  of  a  house,- 
the  other  party  not  nv-iking-  a  quorum;  one  vep,il..- 
liciii  lia.s  died  since  tiie  election,  and  anoUier  li;iS 
been  compelled  to  go  abroad  for  his  health.  T'wS 
reduces  the  parties  to  62  and  62,  suppo:;ing  all  tue 
rest  present,  and  incliKling  however,  on  tii-ircpub- 
lltciiii   side,    »ne  niembei',  w-^;j,  i'i  i.;  ,. 'degr.!,  vr.-..; 


420    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER—SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  1816. 


not  duly  elected.  On  tlie  2d  day  of  tlie  session,  tiie 
federalists  came  in,  and  a  repvibiican  speAer  and 
clerk  \vcre  chosen — tliefirst  (Mr.  Crug'er)  61  to  60; 
the  other  (Mr.  Clark)  62  to  59  and  one  bhmk.  A 
"•reat  contest  tlien  arose  to  expel  the  person  above 
alluded  to  instantui-,  without  reference  to  a  com- 
mivtee,  &c.  as  usual,  which  was  opposed,  and  so  ihe 
thing'  rested  in  debating  upon  it  at  the  date  of  our 
la.st  accounts. 

Injustice,  it  is  believed  that  Mr.  Allen,  from  On- 
tario county,  oiisjlit  not  to  keep  his  seat — but  the 
law  (which"  has  been  applied,  it  seems,  to  anotlier 
case  Ijy  tlie  other  side,  of  very  nearly  the  same  na- 
ture) appears  to  justify  him  in  it.  Mr.  Fellows,  tlie 
claiming  member,  liad  7  votes  more  than  Mr.  Alkn, 
but  the  other  produced  a  regular  certiiicate  of  elec- 
tion, in  consequence  of  some  of  the  votes  being 
returned  for  Hen.  Fellou's,  instead  of  Ifeiiry  Fellows, 
as  it  is  said  they  were  designed  for;  it  being  posi- 
tively required  tliat  the  names  should  be  written  in 
full."  It  is  probable  we  shall  notice  this  subject 
again.  Governor  Toth/jA/.'js  delivered  his  speech  on 
the  2d  instant.  It  is  such  as  recommends  itself  to 
everv  lionest  American,  and  shall  be  inserted. 

The  brig  Macedonian,  which  sailed  in  company 
with  tlie  President  frigate,  lias  arrived  at  New  York 
in  109  days  from  Canton,  with  a  valuable  cai-go  of 
teas,  &c. 

C.4RTIIA0ENA.  "V\''e  have  the  following  distressing 
intelligence  by  an  arrival  at  Baltimore  on  Thursday 
last.  We  are  now  impelled  tn  believe  that  Car- 
t'lagena  may  have  fallen.  But,  by  information  the 
editor  received,  not  long  ago,  direct  from  Santa 
Fe,  he  deems  the  rcjiort  of  the  capture  of  this 
city  improbable.  It  is  about  700  miles  in  the  inte- 
rior, and  at  the  time  alluded  to  did  not  appear  to 
iune  any  enemy  near  it — the  people  being  entirely 
devoted"  to  the  patriot  cause,  under  a  regular  go- 
vernment. 

From  the  Jferclianl's  Coffee  IIoziss  Books.  Balti- 
more, Feb.  8. — By  the  Coquette,  from  Santa  Martha, 
we  learn  that,  on  the  10th  of  Jan.  news  arrived  at 
Santa  Martha  of  the  capiure  of  Santa  Fe  by  the 
royalists,  amounting  to  6U00 — they  were  opposed  by 
2000  patriots.  Since  the  capiure  of  Carthagena, 
general  Morillo  has  kept  the  insurgent  flag  flying 
as  a  decoy  to  vessels  entering  the  port ;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  11  vessels  iiad  entered  after  the 
fall — 7  of  which  were  Americans  and  4  British  ; 
Among  the  vessels  named,  were  the  schooner  Swift, 
llacket,  of  Baltimore,  and  a  schooner  under  the 
command  of  captain  xMmeda,  all  hands  lucre  made 
prisoners,  clisehi  coiifmeii,  and  most  barbarouslij  treat- 
ed, inavtj  .'hnencans  had  dikd  lis  cunscquenci;  of  their 
l:>rt:tid  linage.  An  Bnglish  frigate  liad  sailed  for 
Cartlsagena  to  alle-.iate  the  sufferings  of  ?/jc/r  coun- 
trymen. 

The  reported  detention  of  the  schr.  Swift,  Hacket, 
of  tills  port,  at  Carthagena,  must  be  grossly  errone- 
ous, as  her  destination  was  fir  south  of  it,  and  could 
not  have  been  tiierc  without  having  been  inteiTupt- 
eJ  on  her  voyage. 

Sui-aEMi;  coiTiiT.  IVafhington^' Feb.  7.  Tlie  su- 
preme court  assembled  in  this  city,  puv.uiant  to  law, 
on  iMonday.  Ali  the  judges  of  that  most  respecta- 
ble body  are  present,  viz.  judges  JMarshal,  Wash- 
ington, Livingston,  Jolimon,  'J'odd,  Storij  M\d  Diivull. 
IL-nrij  M'hfuton,  Esq.  counsellor  ar  law,  of  New  York, 
W.is  appointed  reporter  of  its  decisions. 

Affairs  in  China. — It  will  be  remembered,  that 
we  some  time  since  stated,  that  a  serious  controver- 
sy had  arisen  between  the  vice-roy  of  Canton,  and  the 
English  commiitee  of  supercargoes.  Tlie  cause  Oi' 
tTje  dispute  originated  in  the  c.i])ti,ire  of  an  Ameri- 


can schooner  by  his  Britannic  majesty's  ship  Doris, 
in  the  harbor  of  Whampoa.  The  vice  roy  complain- 
ed of  this  act  as  a  bre;x.li  of  neutrality ;  one  irri- 
tating circumstance  led  on  to  anodier,  until  sir 
George  Staunton,  the  representative  of  the  compa- 
ny, attended  by  all  the  Britisli  subjects  resident  at' 
Canton,  had  come  to  a  determination  to  leave  the 
place.  This  decided  step  it  was  thought  had  re- 
conciled all  animosity,  and  reinstated  the  harmony 
of  commercial  intercourse.  But  this  expectation 
has  proved  unfounded.  Subsequent  intelligence  has 
reached  us,  by  which  it  appears,  that  an  edict  has 
been  issued,  whicli  dismisses  the  Hong  merchants 
from  their  employment,  and  appoints  three  or  foui* 
successors  in  their  stead.  The  edict  goes  on  to 
express  his  imperial  majesty's  high  displeasure  at 
sir  George  Staunton,  and  is  very  severe  on  the  En- 
glish, declaring  that  they  are  allovi^ed  a  residence 
in  that  quarter  of  the  world,  only  by  the  clemency 
of  his  imperial  majesty,  and  charges  them  witli  in- 
gratitude. 

It  further  recommends  to  the  supercargoes,  if 
displeased  with  the  conduct  of  his  imperial  majesty 
10   withdraw    from  his  government. 

Tlius  has  the  emperor  of  China,  at  last  made  him- 
self in  some  sort,  a  party  in  our  late  controversy 
with   England.  Bait    Telegraph 

Port  of  Cincinnali,  Jan.  8— Sailed  for  New-Or- 
leans, barge  Nonsuch,  100  tons;  do.  Cincinnati,  115 

tons;  do. ,  40  tons;  do.   Fox,  40  tons,   laden 

with  flour  and  pork ;  also,  10  or  12  flat  boats,  car- 
rying from  3  to  400  barrels,  with  the  same  destina- 
tion, have  left  Cincinnati  within  the  last  two  months. 
We  gladly  repeat  the  grateful  aspiration  of  the 
printer  noticing  these  things,  and  say,  "may  pros- 
perous voyages  reward  the  labors  of  the  enterjiriz- 
ing  owners  !" 

Prices  at  Cincinnati — Flour,  brisk  at  g5.50  per  bl. 
Pork,  10  to  13  ;  the  same  per  ctvt.  5;  Wheat,  in  de- 
mand, 75  per  bushel. 

Wholesale  prices.  Pittsburg,  Jan.  6.  Orleans 
cotton  33  to  34  cents;  do.  sugar  25;  lead  15;  super, 
flour  ^5  per  hbl.  bar  iron  210  per  ton;  castings  125; 
Am.  blistered  steel  17  cents  per  lb.  &c.  The  above 
might  be  useful  to  lord  Sheffeld.  "The  westera 
country  never  can  become  commercial,"  said  he. 

IlAiiBon-MASTEu's  Departmknt — Charleston,  \st 
Jan.  1816.  There  have  arrived  at  this  port  since 
the  peace,  say  23d  February,  1815 — 

270  ships  and  barques  , 

169  brigs 
326  scliooners 

155  sloops,  exclusive  of  state  coasters 
2  ketches  '. 

1  lugger  ' 

923  vessels — There  are  now  in  port  87  ship*' 
and  barques,  37  brigs,  59  schooners,  o9  sloops,  I 
ketch,  1  lugger.  THOMAS  PAINE, 

Harbor  Alaster. 

Died — On  the  3 1st  ultimo,  at  Kennet,  10  miles 
from  the  borough  of  Wilmington,  Uel.  CaKisTiAsrA 
Webb,  in  the  94th  year  of  her  age.  She  was  the 
last  of  the  17cliildren  of  Danie;  and  Jane  Hoopes.i 
Her  father  and  grand- father  came  from  England 
vvitli  William  Penn,  in  tiieycar  1682. 

Of  tliose  17  cliildren,  eleven  a^'l-raged  upwards  of 
80  years.  The  aggregate  ages  of  the  whole  waS 
1036  }ears.  Ilenuirkable  as  these  circumstances 
are,  tliey  are,  perliaps,  not  more  so,  than  that- 
throughout  tliis  long  period,  all  of  them  had  tiieir 
dweilings,  died,  ana  he  interred  within  20  miles  of 
the  latercsidt;r\ce  and  burial  place  of  tlieir  said  3'^* 
cestors, 


No.  25  OF   Vo...   IX.]  BALllMORE,  SATUHDAY,  FEBRUARY,   17,  1816. 


[wiior.].  .vo.  235 


/^ffic  o//»J  meinininne  juvabit. — ViiiciL. 


I'RI-VTED  A>'B   PUrtLISiCKl)    IIY   H.   N1I.T-:S,    XO.    29,   SOUTH   CALVLHT-SIUEKT,    AT    %J    I'KH   ANNUM. 


President  Madison. 

To  the  editor  of  the  JWitional  .Advocate. 
Sm — Should  you  accord  in   sentiment,  as  to  the 
•cliavacter  here  delineated,  of  our  chief  magistrate, 
Mr.  Madison,  you  will  please  give  it  a  place  iu  your 
paper. 

tiHARACTER  OF  THE  PRESIT»E?fT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

"//'  he  has  aiuf  enemies,  they  are  only  such  as  are 
aliuaya  tveary  of  hearing-  of  Jlristides  the  Junt." 

[ClIESTEHFIELn. 

Destined  for  the  bar,  the  youth  of  Madison  was 
consecrated  to  the  laborious  studies  of  that  voca- 
tion. At  the  ag'e  of  22  yeais  lie  commenced  his  ca 
reer  of  public  life,  always  occupying-,  with  supe- 
rior talents  .ind  fidelity,  the  moit  conj])icuous  piec- 
es in  the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens.  When  a  num- 
ber of  congress,  the  vigor  of  ids  mind,  the  wisdom 
of  his  views,  and  tiie  force  and  facility  of  iiis  elocu- 
tion, gave  him,  fur  many  years,  a  great  ascendancy 
in  that  sanctuary  of  fieedom.  His  style  is  chaste; 
his  logic  concise,  cogent  and  impressive.  lie  ar- 
gues without  Lcrimony — replies  without  anger — 
exhibiting  firmness  without  obstinacy — moderation 
without  weakness,  and  justice  without  severity. 

Raised  to  the  dignity  of  secretary  of  state  by  the 
sagacious  Jefl'erson,  he  reconciled  all  parties  by  his 
precedent  and  enlightened  patriotism.  Called  by  a 
discerning  and  admu-ing  people  to  the  presidency, 
he  so  highly  justified  their  honorable  choice,  that 
at  the  stated  period  they  eagerly  renewed  tlieir 
suflfrages  in  his  favor.  Notliing  can  be  more  wise, 
more  righteous  than  his  admhiistrction.  His  poli- 
cy is  as  frank  and  as  faithful  as  his  character,  disdain- 
ing and  shunning- all  state  craft,  all  the  subtleties 
and  wiles  of  diplomacy.  At  once  cautious  and  sin- 
cere, he  does  not  feel  obliged  to  say  all  he  ciiinks, 
though  he  would  scorn  to  utter  vhat  lie  does  not 
think — nor  is  bis  language  ambiguous.  A  stranger 
to  intrigue,  he  knows  notliing  of  deceit  and  artifici , 
but  to  guard  ag^iinst  them.  His  views  are  grea-; 
liis  promises  sacred;  his  intentions  pure,  and  the 
inflexible  integrity  of  his  mind,  is  equalled  only  h\ 
the  noble  virtues  of  his  heart.  Such  is  the  pubdc 
man. 

In  the  intercourse  of  private  life,  his  native  can- 
'dor,  warm  anil  generous  feeling;^,  liberal  and  elevus- 
ed  sentiments,  captivate  and  secure  the  ali'ection 
and  veneration  of  all  who  are  so  fortunate  as  to  ap- 
proach and  knqw  him.  Laborious  and  indefatiga- 
ble, simple  in  his  manners,  in  his  taste  and  in  lii- 
dress,  he  may  be  said  to  resemble,  in  these,  ani:i 
in  many  other  particulars,  the  sages  of  antiquity. 

He  has  now  reached  his  lifiy-seventh  year;  but 
wearied  by  habitual  vigilance  the  lineaments  of 
his  face  have  contracted  a  cast  of  rejection  and  se- 
'  verity,  which  gives  liim  tlie  apiieia'ance  of  a  more 
adv.uiced  age.  It  is  only  in  tliose  moments  oi'  re- 
laxation, when,  by  an  eHbrt,  he  disengages  himself 
from  the  arduous  duties  of  his  exalted  station,  thai 
his  stern  biow  dilates,  his  physiognomy  becomeb 
animated,  and  the  estimable  trails  of  his  sociid  cl.a- 
ractep  beam  u[)on  us,  invigoratin;.;-  and  enlivening 
us  to  such  a  degree,  by  the  variety  of  his  knowledge, 
the  lustre  of  his  wit.  and  the  j)oiiit  of  bis  anccdoit, 
that  we  are  aston^ied  to  fed  this  great  statet.- 
V..L.  IX. 


man  and  wise  administrator  endowed  with  as  nuicli 
affabiiiiy  and  vlvaci.y  in  private  circles,  as  dignity 
ind  serenity  in  public  life. 

This  is  our  Sachem,  an  illustrious  successor  of 
the  immortal  Washington.  The  glori>)u.?  event* 
of  his  administration  will  form  a  distinguished 
epoch  hi  the  p^ge  of  American  histoi-v;  from  his 
completing,  and  conSDlidating,  with  his  firm  and 
powerful  iiand,  the  edifice  raised  by  his  predeces- 
sors. 

(Tj^The  .Vational  Advocate  is  now  publishing  a 
ske  ca  of  the  puldic  life  ot  Mr.  .Monroe.  If  it  be 
concluded  in  time  for  our  next  number,  it  shall  be 
inserted. 


Legislature  of  NcNV-York. 

OOVEUXOr's    SPEECH. 

Ge>itle:nen  nf  the  Senate  and  of  the   .Ifmembly, 

In  meeting  the  Legislature  for  the  first  time  sinCe 
the  termination  of  the  v/ar  with  Gi-eat  SIritain,  allow 
me  to  congratulate  you  on  that  event,  and  on  the 
ncgociation  of  an  honorable,  and  1  trust,  a  j^ermancnt 
peace.  Sensible  of  its  blcssiiix!^,  weoug!;t  to  ascribe 
its  attainment  to  the  dirv'-tion  of  tiiat  i^rovidence, 
under  whose  auspices  Sve  have  been  protected 
through  the  perils  an.t  embarrassments  of  war. 

It  is  with  the  proudest  sensations  we  can  rccnr 
to  the  charactei-  and  incidents  of  the  late  war — to 
the  unweari',*"'  valor  and  firmness  wliich  marked 
the  progress  of  our  arms  through  every  vicissitude 
of  peril  and  discomfiture,  which  courted  every 
expc.^ure  and  braved  every  danger,  and  w!;ich,  iii 
\iA  tei-min  vtion  has,  in  an  eminent  degrep,  contfi- 
buted  as  well  to  slrengtticn  our  confidence  in  the 
Cihcacy  and  stability  of  oiu-  political  institutions, 
as  to  elevate  our  national  charactei-  abroad. 

It  has  been  matter  of  much  speculation,  whethar 
our  government,  in  its  organization,  was  well  calcw- 
lai  ed  for  a  state  of  war;  and  it  had  been  apprch.  ended, 
w^mting  the  consolidated  energies  of  a  moiiaiciiy, 
its  powers  wouid  net  witiiout  Cv.nreiuration,  and  o? 
course  witiiout  eft'ect.  The  glorious  contest  iias,  hovw- 
ever,  established  the  fallacy  of  the  objection,  and 
tiic  perfection  of  its  system.  It  has  presented,  witii 
some  triiimpi!,  to  the  world,  the  refutation  of  aiv 
opinion  whicii  denied  to  republics  a  capacity  to 
resist  the  ass.aults  of  exterior  hostility;  and  it  has 
practically  shewn,  that  a  free  nation,  not  only 
destitute  of  the  system,  the  science  and  experience 
which  give  jjci  i'V.ction  to  military  operaiivjus,  but 
deprived  even  of  tiie  sign.d  benefits  resulting  from 
unanimity,  has  been  able  to  resist  wltli  success,  the 
most  desperate  efir;)rtof  an  eneir.y  inured  to  war,  and 
possessing  all  the  advantages  of  veteran  force  and 
experienced  generals. 

in  becoming  a  beiiigercjit,  th'*  government  of  thrt 
United  States  consulted  alono  t'le  respect  siie  owed 
herself,  and  assumed  an  altitude  demanded  by  her 
arongs,  her  honor,  and  a  regard  to  her  perniai.ent; 
|)rospcrity,  which  made  waj-  iiecess.ay  to  i!ie  ac- 
complishment of  a  peace,  widch  siiould  ag.un  restore, 
ipon  an  equitable  basis,  the  long  disturbed  relations. 
of  amity  and  commerce.  Hut  among  the  events 
growing  out  of  tiie  laie  war,  we  ca  not  too  muck 
aopieci.i.e  the  elevation  of  tjic  AmericKn  character,. 


422      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  1",  1816. 


and  the  nkasin^  co'.i'.rast  with  pei-iod*  iuvc-ior  to  jto  K\.ixk,  .aul  the  difficulty  of  commanding  ovir 
its  deelaration.  IJi-inote  from  the  collisions  of  resources  when  assailed,  present  strong  induce- 
Europe,  her  political  influence  in  the  scale  of  nations  ^ments  for  a  co-operation  with  the  United  Statei,  in 


^j-as  scra-cely  felt;  but  the  spirit  with  wliicli  she  re 
i'.sted  ti;e  novel  and  unauthorised  pretensions  of 
disfruised  lio^lility, — the  fiiinness  witii  vhich  she 
m:.inta"n'."'i  a  sanr^uinary  and  perilous  contest, — and 
ijie  Tuodev.ition  she  lias  shewn,  after  the  causes  of 
the  wari-.r.d,  by  subsequent  events,  been  essentirlty 
reuioved,  i:itl\e  arrang-ement  of  a  pe;ice  emanating 
])rinr!i:'.".!iy  from  her  valor  and  resources, — hiive 
yiYcn  t.cra  r;.i'.lc  in  Ibe  convention  of  nations,  wliicl; 
cannot  fall  eirectuaily  to  g'u:u';tntce  the  co;-\tiivirincc 
of  her  pacific  relations.  Amidst  tliese  considera- 
tions, let  not  those  v.-Jio  liavc  achieved  tliese  g-reat 
objects,  under  the  most  adverse  fortunes,  be  for- 
g'otten.  l.et  them  not  relire  ;,t  once  the  oinects 
of  the  respect  and  inj^ratitude  of  Uieir  counirv\  I 
cannot  but  cliensli  the  hope,  that  tJieii-  sacrifice.; 
and  their  s-ufieriiuvs  will  early  command  the  atten- 
tion of  the  national  leivislatiirc. 

The  decision  with  which  the  subscffuent  war  witli 
A;';-iers]-as  been  condticted,  has  given  ?.  new  proof, 
Rs  well  of  ihe  v/isdon.  ;.nd  firnniess  of  those  to  whom 
the  public  f.ncnoii.;  of  t;-overnment  l.ave  been  en- 
tinsted,  as  of  the  necessity  of  lh?t  description  »i' 
iTir.ntime  defence,  so  peculiarly  adapted  to  thecom- 
jr.cicial  cb..aT.cver  of  our  coun'ry.  fn  this  achieve- 
liunt,  is  to  be  ibnnd  anotlier  instance  of  the  hi;<h 
cov.r:ip;e  and  conduct,  which,  on  every  occasion,  have 
ciisiing-uished  the  «aHant  commande'-  of  that  portion 
Oi  our  nnvai  force,  i,^v\  his  bn.ve  associates. 

In  csiir-wiling  the  b>.3sin;^s  of  pe-  ce,  we  cannot 


giving-  form  and  effect  'o  that  system  of  defence 
winch,  in  the  opinions  of  tiie  fi  aniens  of  xhe  consti- 
tution, was  calculated  for  most  of  the  emergencies 
of  the  nation. 

Tiie  difficulties  and  expenses  which  attended  the 
tran:,portatioii  of  public  stores  to  frontier  posts  dur- 
ing the  late  war,  have  demonstrated  the  necessity 
of  a  legislative  intervention,  to  encourage  the  es- 
tablishment of  gooil  roads  from  the  Hudson  to  the 
S'.  Lawrence,  and  to  lakes  Erie,  Ontario  and  Cham- 
plain.  And  on  this  subject  allow  me  to  remark, 
that  neither  the  convenience  of  turnpike  companies, 
nor  the  security  of  the  pidilic  from  imposition,  are 
promoitd  by  conferhigupon  ihe  execulive  the  pow- 
er of  aj^poiuting  commissioners  to  lay  out  roads, 
inspectors  to  examine  them,  or  of  issuing  licences 
to  erect  gates.  This  power  would  be  more  advisedly 
reposed  in  the  first  Judges  of  coun'ies,  or  in  some 
other  responisble  and  accessible  officer,  with  the 
right  to  appeal  from  their  decision. 

It  will  rest  with  the  legislature,  whether  the 
prospect  of  connecting  the  waters  of  tl.e  Hudson 
w  ith  those  of  the  western  lakes  and  of  Champlain,  is 
not  sufiiciently  important  to  demand  the  appro])ria- 
iion  of  some  part  of  ihe  revenues  of  the  state  to  its 
acconipiishmcnt,  without  imposing  too  great  a  bur- 
then upon  oiu-  constistents.  The  first  route  being 
an  object  common  wiih  the  states  of  the  west,  we 
may  rely  on  their  zealous  co-operation  in  any  judi- 
cious j)lan  that  can  perfect  the  water  conimunicatinn 


be  too  str(^rigl\  ren^ined  c»f  tlie  riete-  ;ity  of  prepar-    in  that  direction.     As  it  relates  to  the  connecting 

t;ie  waters  of  the  H';d.-on  with  those  of  lake  Cham- 
jjii.in,  we  may  with  equal  confidence  count  on  the 
spu-ited  exenions  of  the  patriotic  and  enterprising 
Slate  of  Vermont. 

Among  tl'.e  objects  that  will  necessarily  invite 
tiie  atteniioii  ofiiie  legislature,  the  situ.'i'ion  of  the 
in;nnifacturing  interests  of  the  country  ought  not 
•o  be  disregarded.  The  early  effort  they  imule  to 
render  tl>eir  country  independent  of  foreign   sup- 


msr  for  evev}  vicissitude.  Oir  growing  commci  cia: 
character,  the  jeyiou.aies  exci'«:d  by  ;)ur  fi  ee  fiirrr 
of  C-ovornmen.T,  the  recent  bri.'liary.  ..t:hie\-ements  of 
Gur'firmv  and  navy,  our  improvemcMs  both  in  the 
arts  of  I'eace  .-hk!  ,.ar,  and  our  ei.tcrpi'ise  and 
rcsokiticn,  rei;dc/  rhis  country  an  objec;  of  inquie- 
tude and  .ippvehension  to  those  nations,  whose  com- 
irierciaipursiii's  and  iiinuciice  must  un.ivoidc.bly 
come  151  collision  with  tho.'^e  (  f  tlie  United  Stales.  1 


.ci'niiO'i  therefore  too  strongly  enforce  on  tho.se  who  plies,  not  a  li-.tle  f.iciutated  the  operations  of  the 


are  selected  as  ihe  guardians  of  the  public  s.  feiy. 
the  indi'ipejis  ble  necespity  of  providing,  agiinsi 
fiiluve  and  condngent  d.iuger,  the  means  of  prompt 
r.nd  vigorous  resistance.  To  say  that  the  general 
£-rvcrn.n-cnt  is  alone  eatr'isted  by  the  constivutitm, 
V.I',  ii  till.-  power  and  meruis  of  providing  f;>r  gentmi 
defence,  is  to  deny  the  application  of  tiio.->e  ordIn;iry 
precaution:;  whicli  self-respect  and  self-defence, 
iiapose  on  eacii  state.  With  it,  we  ptinicip  ite 
equadj-,  in  the  respiinsii.iiity  of  guarding  .uid  de- 
fending-our  territory,  and  with  hers,  we  oug-jit  to 
Imite  our  efforts  for  a  general  defence. 

J  c'.tnnot  pass  over  tiiis  occasion,  without  again 
calling  tl;e  attention  of  the  legislature  to  the  pro- 
priety of.'-  new  o;g.jiization  of  the  miiitia,  a  power 
coriipcteni  from  iitj  resources  to  fulfil  the  idgh  desti- 
niiiion  of  being  the  bubiark  of  the  state.  Recent 
events  have  confirmed  'hat  opir,ion,  by  practical 
ihuff.avion  :  when  v.nicr  cf^mi  ccent  comm;  nders, 
the  militia  liave  beu)  ltd  thj-ougb  pri\;aio;i,  faiig-ue 
and  peril,  to  tiie  accompiishrnent  of  many  of  the 
mosL  important  military  operr.iions.  On  former  occh- 
liOuj,  some  of  t]>e  defects  of  the  exisiing  miliia 
Iciws  have  hem  prcstj-.ted  to  the  legislature,  and 
ei»dc.iVvn'»  have  been  niide  to  shew  chat  they  are 
incompetent  to  tiie  objects  contemplated,  and  in 
time  of  war  oper..te  iinequaily.  i  cannot  forbear 
rt-m-u'lcimr, 
to 


revisicm  o! 


no  periid  can  be  better  adapteel 
our  iiii!Ji..?y  code  than  eluring  the 


latK  war.  A  neglect,  by  government,  of  their 
ii.rei'ests,  cannot  but  restrain,  in  the  evcn.i  of  future 
hosdlities,  ilie  diixc'-ion  that  patriotism  and  en- 
terpi'ise  would  otbervise  give  to  agr«at  proportion 
of  toe  capital  of  tlie  counvry.  It  is  a  proposition 
to';  plain  to  require  any  observation  to  enforce  it, 
that  no  nation  cm  be  really  and  substr.nti.dly  inde- 
peneU'iit,  which  relies  on  .my  other  for  its  es.senriat 
supplies  of  clotijing-.  The  maintenance  of  our 
manutlicmres  is,  in  my  view,  of  deep  interest  to 
the  present  and  future  prosperity  of  our  country, 
•md  1  cor.ridently  recommend  them  to  your  patron- 
age and  protection. 

In  the  course  of  last  year,  two  persons,  convicted 
i.'f  arsun.  Lave  been  partloned,  on  the  condidon  of 
subnuiiing  to  imprisonment  in  the  state  prison  for 
life  at  hard  labor  As  iht-  cor.siitution  invests  ilie 
executive  with  the  power  oiremiitin.^-  sentences  for 
all  crimes  except  treason  and  murder,  and  as  the 
laws  uutiiorise  Uic  insertion  of  condidons  in  the 
pardons  to  be  granted,  I  can  entertain  no  doubt  of 
the])rcp:iety  or  expedjency,  in  some  cases,  of  com- 
nuiting  tiie  punisl.ment  of  eleath  tor  perpetual  impri- 
sonment by  eondi.ionai  pardons.  This  subject  may, 
ho.vevcr,  require  >,onje  hg:sl;tive  pio\ision,  in  re- 
l^iion  to  the  po»vcrs  and  dudes  of  the  inspectors 
and  lieepers  of  die  state  prison.  The  judges  of  the 
supreuie  court,  equ.dly  with  myself,  regret  that  the 
crcjwded  state  of  iiie  present  prison  lias  of  late  made 


p/ciCii':  tr.ir;quit  state  of  the  cousitry.  Our  exposure  it  indispensabiy  necessiiry  to  extend  the  lis.t  ef  re,- 


NILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTER— BRITISH  MANUFACTURES.      4,23 


oommendations   far  pardons  to  a  greiter  number:  mitted  lobe  the  cause  of  the  qreat  superiority;  and 


than  would  otherwise  iiave  been  deemed  j)ropcr 
They  therefore  sup^gest,  in  which  I  most  respect- 
fully concur,  tliat  the  prison  be  enlarged,  or  that  a 
hew  establishment  be  erected  in  the  northern  or 


America,  though  an  improving  and  enterprising  na- 
tion, yet  it  is  a  new  country,  and  iis  policy  rather 
lo  cultivate  the  soil  and  extend  her  populLlion,  the 
culiivators  of  cotton,  tobacco,  &c.    getting  imme- 


western  part  of  the  state,  which  will  have  for  one   diate  and  quick  returns.     M.muf.ictures  belong  to 
of  its  important  effects,  the  reduction  of  a  portion  an  old  and   rich  country,  requiring  very  extended 

capiials,  and  many  ye:u-s  must  elapse  before  it  can 
be  brouglit  to  .in-  nerfcclion.  In  consequence,  it 
has  been  found  tl  at  c'le  emigrants  from  Manches- 
ter, &c.  some  time  ago,  in  place  of  paying  attention 
to  manufacture,  very   shortly  after  their  arrival  itl 


of  tlie  present  heavy  expenses  iiieideut  to    trans 
I^ortation  of  convicts  from  remote  counties  of  the 
state. 

The  evidence  and  documents  on  wlilch  I  have 
respited,  for  tlie  consideration  of  tlie  legislature, 
the  sentence  of  TJiomas  Bark,  lately  convicted  of 
murder  in  Xew-York,  will  accompany  a  special  com- 
munication. 

Your  superior  wisdom,  gentlemen,  will  suggest 
tlie  variety  of  other  subjects  wiiich  oug-ht  to  receive 
the  atten'i(jH  of  the  legislature.  I  have  only  there 
fore  to  add,  that,  in  the  discharge  of  the  important 
trust  confided  to  us,  to  inculcate  on  our  citizens 
the  magiianimous  sentiment,  tiiat  in  peace  they 
should  become  the  friends  of  those  to  whom  tliey 
were  enemies  hi  war,  to  divest  otu-selves  of  that 
spirit  of  party  which  has  lieretofore  jeopardized  the 
best  interests  of  tlie  country,  and  whic'i,  if  persisted 
in,  may  ultimately  involve  us  in  tliose  deplorable 
scenes  by  wjiich  modern  Europe  has  been  convuls- 
ed and  almost  desolated,  are  duties  of  the  highest 
obligation.  In  eveiy  object  connected  witli  tliosc 
duties,  or  which  may  respect  tlie  hnnor  or  weiCarc 
of  this  state,  you  may  be  assured  of  tlie  utmost  sup- 
port on  my  part.  DA.VIEL,  U.  TOMPKINS. 

Albany,  Febmary  2,   1816. 


British  Manufactures. 

The  following  article  deserves  attention — as  de- 
monstrating tlie  value  which  Eng-land  sets  upon  her 
manufactures,  the  greatest  source  of  her  greatness: 
and  evincing- a  solicitude  to  keep  .\merica  in  a  state 
of  dependence, .witjiout  factories  and  witliout  cur- 
rent coin. —  Co/iimbiaii. 

From  JVichuhon  &  Co's  new  Price  Cun-ent,  Lon- 
don, Dec.  5.  It  is  truly  gratif)  ing,  wlicn  we  are 
about  to  enter  into  an  extended  competition  with 
foreign  countries  in  every  branoli  of  trade,  tliat  otu- 
manufactures  are  in  the  most  flourLsliing  situation. 
The  cotton  manufactures  in  this  country  are  brouglit 
to  the  highest  perfection;  for  some  months  past, 
the  manufacturers  have  not  been  able  to  supply^ the 
demand,  though  it  is  calculated  (and  by  reports  of 
the  import  it  is  nearly  ascertained)  that  8UU0  bags 
of  the  raw  material  are  manufactured  v.cekly. — 
Formerly  it  was  stated,  that  France  and  otiier  na- 
tions of  the  conthient,  would  rival  us  in  cotton 
goods,  on  account  of  the  clieupness  of  labor,  &.c.; 
we  always  questioned  it,  and  the  fabrics  tliat  were 
brought  in  an  indirect  manner  during;  the  continen- 


the  United  States,  turned  their  attention  to  other 
eniplo}inents. 

Tlie  Birmingham  and  Slieilicld  wares  are  without 
competilion,  there  is  no  rivalship  in  any  foreigii 
country.  The  manufactures' of  woollen  are  gi-eatly 
extended,  and  are  now  a  valuable  export,  particu- 
larly to  .\merica.  The  potteries  of  Staftordshire 
are  without  precedent  iii  extent;  it  is  true,  the  co- 
lors of  the  China  ware,  and  sume  manufactures  in 
Germany,  still  excel  the  Statlordshire,  yet  the  imi- 
tation is  so  admirabh  executed,  that  few  would 
know  the  difl'erence  betwixt  the  China  and  most 
improved  of  t!ie  potteries  of  England.  Presents 
of  the  latter  have  lately  been  IraiismiLtcd  to  China, 
no  doubt  the  most  beautiful  specimens  of  our  manu- 
facture, and  for  the  purpose  that  the  Chinese,  who 
are  admirable  at  imitation,  may  introduce  the  land- 
scape into  their  finer  ware. 

W'iiat  we  have  mentioned  of  the  flourishing  si- 
tuation of  our  manufactures,  must  be  guarded  witli 
the  consideration  that  the  cltief  demand  is  for  ex- 
portation; the  hone  consumption,  which  is  always 
ilie  best  and  most  beneiicial,  has  been  considerably 
afl't'cteu  by  the  present  distressed  situation  of  the 
tgricidturist. 

To  the  extended  manufactures  of  the  coimtry,  we 
are  likely  to  add  one  of  the  greatest  i:nporta!;ce,  and 
if  itsucceeds,  of  which  at  present  tlie  l)cst  inform- 
ed in  tlie  country  are  very  sanguine,  it  will  outs. rip 
the  staple  manufacture  in  France,  to  v.-hicii  country 
it  has  always  been  supposed  exciusively  to  belong;. 
The  manufacture  we  allude  to,  is  that  for  which  pa>- 
IkuTient  ]iassed  an  act  to  excuse  a  ?.Ir.  Lee  f.-om  gi^i- 
ing  into  the  patent  olTice  a  sjieciiicalion  cf  his  i;1- 
vention  for  the  preparation  of  hemp  and  flax  with- 
out steeping,  whicli  not  only  rots  the  raw  maferi.di 
but  wastes  it,  and  destroys  tlie  finer  parts  most  fit 
for  the  purposes  of  manufacture.  Tne  exenipiiDu 
frwm  the  standing  law  in  favor  of  Mr.  Lcc,  v/as  done 
in  order  to  prevent  foreign  nations  from  availiiig^ 
themselves  of  this  invention,  which  they  would  lia»c 
seized  upon  the  moment  iiis  specification  had  been 
made  public.  The  measure  was  a  wiseo;:e;  and  evor 
ry  friend  to  I. is  country  will  appliuid  it,  especially 
\\hen  it  is  considered,  that  the  machinery  whicii  Svi- 
percedes  the  steeping-  of  the  hein]i  and  flax  is  of 
so  simple  a  nature,  tliat  a  very  few  pounds  will  fir- 
nish  it;  and  the  article  produced  from  the  flax,  beau- 
tiful beyond  descrip; ion.  Several  of  tiie  most  in-: 
lelligent  of  our  manuf.cturLrs  at  Manchester  JK.vei 
inspected  the  raw  matciial,  when  nuidc    ready  fcv 


tal  system,  were  very  inferior,  and  much  Idgher  in 
price;  latterly,  during  the  late  peace,  at  tlie  fairs  of 
Germany,  Leipsic,&c.  considerable  parcels  cf  coarse 
goods  broiiglit  forward,  certainly  improved  in  tex- 
ture, but  still  greatly  inferior  to  Britisli;  in  the  j  spinning  by  tiie  new  pxoce.ss,  Lodi  in  its  native  co.^ 
better  descriptions  and  fme,  we  are  entirely  witii-   lor,  and  v.-hen  siinijly  washed  v.ith  soap  and  waler 


out  rivalsliij).     America,  during  the  late  war,  was 
stated    to     have    generally    improved     in     cotton 


By  the  usual  method  of  prep.u-ation,  by  half-rotting' 
etable  in    water  the  dark  color  is  fixed  si* 


the 


vege 


goods;  they  are  s'.ill  inferior;  we   import  the  rawjAiurdy,  that  o.dy  a  violciit  chemical  process,  ..nd 
material  from  the    United  States;  manufacture  and  j  the  :;pplicaa,)n  of  acid  and  corrosive  preparati.,.i!s, 
sell  the  fabric   chc:.per  in    their  own  countiy,  than 
the  American  mamifi.cturer  can  allbrd   to  do,  not- 
withstanding all  the  great   expenses    attending  the 
transport,  &c.     The  conclusion  is  very  cie.a-.     We 


believe  ot;r  unrivalled  m.i*:bhicry  bs   gef.cr.dly  atl-  but  tl*.?  finest  bleached  silk  can  any  v.';w  rival  it.— 


can  dislodge  it;  but  tiie  simple  application  of  soap 
and  water  to  flax  prepared  in  the  new  method,  v  ill 
not  only  (!isch:irge  the  color,  but  leave  the  sta  le 
beailtiftil,  so  silver-like  a  white,  that   nothing- 


so 


42 i    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  17,  1816. 


With  such  an  article  for  ing-enuity  to  e^cercise  itself 
on,  moHt  important  results  may  he  anticipated. 

A  full  and  f.iir  cxaininatiun  of  the  merits  of  the 
invention  took  place  in  January  last,  before  the  trus- 
tees of  the  linen  and  iiempen  manufactures  of  Ire- 
huid,  when  it  appeared  to  that  board,  that  it  was 
rfiost  important:  that,  besides  fiirnisliing'  a  more 
!.>eaiililul  material,  it  was  infinitely  strong-cr  as  well 
as  very  much  more  in  quantity,  than  wiien  prepared 
by  til e  comsnon  miittiod;  and  that  tlie  seed,  wliich 
j"}  tot;illy  destroyed  by  steeping',  is  preserved  by  the 
iiiveulor  to  the  ciutiv.itor.  'J  h  b  ,  ■  -d  voted  pre- 
miums to  Mr.  Lee,  of  two  pounds  to  every  break- 
hv^^  or  cleansing-  macliine.  and  fifty  shillini^s  for  eve- 
ry reuninj^iTJuc'iine,  wiiic'i  may  be  made  read}'  for 
woric  in  Irehind. 

T!ie  new  macvine  invented  will  spin  the  flax  much 
finer  than  it  is  possible  to  spin  cotton,  and  it  will 
not  be  matter  of  surprise,  if  another  species  of 
piece  g-oods  should  not  only  be  manu'aciured,  but 
O'viiK^'  lo  the  number  of  mechanics  ready  trained  to 
fii^c  work,  if  li'.uns,.  sucii  as  will  even  siu-pass  tlie 
c. /.ibrics  of  France,  should  very  soon  become  a 
leading-  article   in  the  trade  of  the  countiy.. 


4  contained  2  fleeces  three-fom-ths  blood,  unwasi;^ 
ed;  these  were  valued  the  one  at  2s,  and  the  other 
at  2s.  5d.  per  lb.  and  were  considerably  lighter  than 
those  in  No.  1,  though  not  equal  in  quality. 

Hoping  these  particulars  may   be  useful  to  you^ 
we  are,,  very  respectfullv,  vour  assured  friends, 
RATH  BONE,  HODGSON,  &  CO. 


American  Wool. 

The  fi>lioTving  letter  will    be  found  hitcresting 
to  the  dealers  in  wool. 

/•ivei^poo!,  JVovember  24. 

Sin — "We  had  the  pleasure  of  writing  vo  you  on 
the  22d  inst.  and  we  now  address  you  to  commu- 
nicate the  i;esult  of  the  enquiries  we  have  continu- 
ed tq  mnke  on  tlie  subject  of  Meruio  wool.  As  they 
have  been  presented  wiih  great  cjre,  and  with  the 
assistatice  of  intciligent  friends  extensively  engaged 
in  tl:e  wool  rade,  we  send  you  the  result  wltli  the 
!.vreater  confi  lencc;  and  you  may  regard-  the  sug- 
gestions offei-ed  to  you  in  the  following- remarks,  as 
the  .sentiments  of  the  pri;icipal  deaiei-s  and  manu- 
f.^cLui-ers  in  those  districts  where  the  wool  trade  is 
l):i;iripal!y  ca-.-ried  on.  Willi  reg.ird  to  the  course 
to  he  pursuc.l  in  order  to  bring  the  wool  into  the 
most  proper  state  lor  manufuGture  or  sale,  we  should 
recommend  that  it  he  well  waslicd  on  the  sheep's 
h;ick,  previous  to  shearing;  tlie  sliecji  should  theii 
be  put  on  sonic  clean  ground,  frto  from  sancl,  and 
shorn  in  tiiree  days  afver  washing,  provided  the 
weatiicr  be  ficoanddry;  ifdelayed  longer,  toomuch 
naturc^(a3  the  manufacturers  term  it)  v.-ill  again 
i-ise  into  the  wool,  wiiich  would  have  a  bad  eifeGt 
ifitcmeta  be  close  packed;  mu!  (he  eil'ect  would 
he  still  more  i;ijuriotis  ir'liie  tleece'.vere  slioj-n  with 
the  ti-ater  in  it.  After  sliearing  tlie  fleece,  the  dirt 
s  louUl  be  carefully  picked  of?';  theheavy  dirty  locks 
should  also  be  cut  oil",  waslied  in  v;arm  v,:ater,  and 
sh:p])ed  in  a  separate  packag-e., 

AVe  have  but  litile  cloubt,  but  that  by  judicious 
jnanageinent  of  the  American  farmers,  wool  may  bcj 
made  to  answer  well  as  a  regular  importation,  and 
the  soft  silky  handle  which  the  American  Wool 
K-je!Hs  to  jwssess,  operates  materially  in  its  fuvor. — 
V.'e  iiave  lately  had  four  packages  of  wool  sent  lu, 
Vi'iiicli  we  have  had  exhibited  extensively  to  the 
flealers  and  manuf.eturers  in  Yorkshire.  No.  1 
c-ontalncd  2  fleeces  full  blooded  m.erino,  washed, 
< hough  but  indiirerently  on  tne  sheep's  back  just 
F!'>.fore  sliearing;  this  is  vajuid  in  Yorkshire  at  os. 
6-./.  per  lb.  No.  2  contained  2  fleeces  full  blood, 
uawjshed,  very  heavy  and  diity;  these  are  viiucd 
a'.  2>-.  a  2v.  Zd.  per  lb.  No.  5  contained  2  fleeces 
■  iu-ca-f.)urtlis  blood,  v/ell  waslied  on  the  backj  of 
■^hese,  wixich  were  of  ve;-y  diHcreut  qualities,  tjie 
■;s  fl'iW  "^s'oi'th-  2ts.  3..-.'.  and  the  otUa-  3*.  per  lb.     No. 


Gen.  Wilkinson. 

[On  the  15th  of  April  last,  we  inserted  the  article 
to  which  the  following  is  designed  as  a  reply — 
perhaps  wii'ien  bv  tlie  accused  himself.  It  has 
been  delayed  longer  than  we  wished,  but  justice 
requires  its  insertion  even  at  this  late  period,  as" 
we  rather  inadvertently  admitted  the  charges 
against  him.  As  to  the  merits  of  either  party— 
we  have  nothing  to  say. — Ed.  Reg.] 

Strictures  on  general  Wilhinsun' s  defence. 

FnO:>I  THK  ALBANY  augus. 

The  Troy  Post  and  Albany  Reg-ister,*  have  given 
what  they  call  Extracts  from  the  Defence  of  Gene- 
ral U'iiHnson.  The  object  of  this  premature  and 
irregular  publication,  if  genuine,  is,  no  doubt,  to 
propitiate  public  opinion — to  surprise  it  into  some 
degree  of  sympathy,  for  a  persecuted  man,  and  thus 
prepare  it  for  two  events,  which  might  be  thought 
extraordinary,  and,  perhaps,  lamentable,  viz:  The 
g-enernl's  acptittal  by  the  court,-\  and  contimiance  in 
office  by  the  government.  In  this  view  of  the  subject,; 
justice  to  the  public  c:dls  for  a  ^g\v  remarks  on  this 
production.  They  shall  be  made  with  brevity  and 
freedom,  but  without  bitterness,  of  which,  indeed, 
we  feel  none. 

The  stoiw  of  the  general's  wrongs,  given  by  the 
Post  and  the  Register,  is  to  be  found  in  the  follow- 
ing sentences: 

"But  my  case  is,  perhaps,  without  an  example: 
that  of  a  minister  of  high  standing  and  splendid 
talents,  seducing  an  ofhcer  from  an  honorable  com- 
mand  and  the  fairest  in-ospects  of  fame,  to  put  him 
on  the  execution  of  an  impracticable  project,  witli- 
out  competent  means;  and  because  of  its  failure, 
to  save  himself  from  public  odium,  he  descends  to 
tricks,  stratagems  and  pcifidics,  to  cast  the  blame 
he  has  incurred  from  his  own  shoulders  upon  those  of 
the  officer  he  had  deceived;  and  this  officer  a  man 
with  whom  he  had  been  associated  in  tlie  most  in- 
teresting scenes  of  the  revolutionary  war;  tJie  friend 
of  his  juvenile  days,  to  whom  lie  professed  to  be 
bound  by  the  sacred  tics  of  personal  confidence 
and  attachment. 

"The  artifices  of  my  accuser  prevailed;  he  de- 
prived me  of  my  sword  in  the  dawn  of  tlie  cam- 
paign,, threw  m.e  out  of  the  path  of  glory,  and  the 
injur}-  is  irreparable.  The  troops  formed  and  dis- 
ciplined in  hardships,  and  sufl'erings  and  perils,  un- 
der my  orders,  when  fitted  for  action  ancl  prepared. 
to  meet  the  enemy,  were  destined  to  gather  laurels 
to  decorate  the  brows  of  more  fortunate  men." 

It  is  readily  admitted,  that  if  this  statement  be 
true,  the  general  has  been  scurvily  treated:  has 
much  cause  for  complaint  and  strong  ground  for 
apology  for  both  bad  temper  and  bad  language;  but 
with  all  the  writer's  dislike  for  "high  coloring," 
this  is  mere  coloring,  and  as  absolute  a  fiction  from 
beginning-  to  end,  as  ever  was  oii'ered  to  a  court,  or 
imposed  upon  the  public.    Let  us  analyze  the  fable: 

*Copied  into  the  Weekly  Register,  April  15, 1815 

fOiu-  readers  will  recollect  that  the  geiieiiU  waS".. 
acqiiitted. — Ed.  Reg. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— GENERAL  WILKINSON. 


425 


list.  Betvas  serlucedfrom  an  honorable  command,<Jc. 

There  is  in  this  passage  a  self-accusation,  whicli 
wins  by  its  affected  modeaty,  but  which  those  who 
are  in  the  secret  of  the  general's  removal  from  N'ew 
■Oi-leans,  (tlie  command  to  which  he  alludes)  is  not 
a  little  ridicwloiis.  According'  to  this  statement, 
the  choice  was  in  himself  to  go,  or  to  stay— to 
•march,  or  not  to  march;  to  gather  laurels  on  the 
banks  of  the  .^flssisippi,  or  cypress  on  those  of  the 
St.  Lawrence;  and,  that  had  he  but  resisted  the  se- 
ducer somewhat  longer,  or  more  stoutly,  he  might 
now  have  been  staggering  under  the  load  of  honors 
which  decorate  the  brow,  without  impairing  tlie  fa- 
culties, of  general  Jackson.  Cobwebs  like  this, 
mere  snares  for  public  feeling  and  opinion,  must  be 
bi-ushed  away,  and  the  trutli,  Itowever  unp.ilatable, 
be  told.  Let  the  general  hear  it  witli  the  firmness 
pf  a  man,  and  cease  to  attribute  to  the  intrigues  of 
a  secretary,  an  act  founded  on  the  precautionary  po- 
licy of  a  government.  New  Orleans  was  deemed  the 
key  of  the  south-western  coimtry — it  was  not  believ- 
ed to  be  safe  in  the  general's  keeping,  and  an  or- 
der for  his  removal  was  accordingly  given  by  tlie 
highest  atithoritjf  known  to  the  laws  and  the  con- 
stitution. For  the  correctness  of  this  statement, 
we  appeal  to  the  present  secretary  of  war,  (Mr. 
Crawford)  tohisquondum  colleague,  Mr.  Tait— to 
Mr.  Clay  of  Kentucky,  and  lastly,  to  Messieurs 
Brown  and  Fromentin,  senators  of  the  United  States 
from  Louisiana.  These  gentlemen  have  too  much 
honor  to  deny  tlieir  agency  in  producing  this  order, 
and  too  mucli  wisdom  to  regret  its  consiq  :enccs  to 
their  section  of  the  union.  Whatever,  therefore,  of 
suavity,  the  secretary  put  into  his  letter  of  recal, 
and  which  is  denominated  dt'cepfion  and  seduction, 
was  mere  Men  sceance,  or,  in  technical  languag-e, 
which  the  general  may  not  have  entirely  forgotten,  a 
Utile  gilditig  to  a  very  nauseoin  pill. 

2d.  In  recalling  gen.  W.  from  the  southern,  and 
assigning  him  to  service  on  the  northern  frontier, 
he  was  not  put  (as  the  defence  states)  upon  the 
execution  of  any  project  more  impracticable  than 
that  of  travelling  the  intermediate  distance  and  re- 
porting himself  to  general  Dearborn.  It  was  not 
jcontemplated  that  he  should  do  more  than  com- 
mand a  division  of  the  army  under  tliat  officer,  and 
if  afterwards  he  became  tlie  commanding  general, 
he  became  such  fortuitouslij  and  in  consequence  of 
Dearborn's  illness.  So  far,  therefore,  as  the  defence 
.connects  his  removal  from  the  south,  witli  his  com- 
mand in  the  north,  it  is  incorrect  and  unfounded  in 
feet. 

That  there  is  a  period  within  which  a  general  h^^ 
^  right  to  make  objections  to  any  plan  of  camp  \\^^^ 
he  may  be  employed  to  execute,  is  not  denied — nor 
will  it  be  doubted  that  there  is  also  a  period  with- 
in which  this  right  ceases.  Without  waiting,  hou- 
jever,  to  settle  the  exact  boundaries  between  the 
two,  we  are  willing  to  give  to  the  former  an  exten- 
sion that  will  leave  nothing  to  cavil,  and  instead  of 
confining  it  (as  is  usual)  to  any  act  of  ad'jptiun,  on 
the  part  of  the  general,  we  aflmit  that  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  end — fi-om  the  commencement  to 
the  failure  of  an  expediiion,  a  general  has  a  right, 
provided  the  facts  warrant  the  a-ssertion,  to  say  to 
his  government — "Your  project  is  impracticable, 
from  its  own  nature,  or  it  becomes  so  from  want  of 
means  to  accomplish  it.  I  liasten  to  tell  you  this, 
and  to  claim  protection  against  the  consequences  of 
your  own  errors  or  negligence,  or  botli,  wiiich 
Otherv^ise  might  be  imputed  to  me."  If  we  apply 
this  rule,  favorable  as  it  is,  to  the  present  case, 
bow  sUiuds  the  credit  of  the  general's  recent  de- 


claration? that  lie  "had  been  put  on  the  execu<ioi^ 
of  an  impracticable  project  with  hicompetent 
means."  The  nonsense  of  the  position  as  it  stands, 
does  not  escape  us,  l)ut  verbal  criilcism  is  below 
our  notice;  besides  that,  it  is  not  the  wisdom  of  the 
defeiwiethat  is  now  in  question,  hat  its  fdrness  and 
its  tr.utli.  We  ask  then,  wliether  from  the  beginning 
to  the  end,  fom  the  commcr.cement  to  the  failure  of 
the  campaign,  general  Wilkinson  made  a  single  ob- 
jection to  the^  practicabiii'y  of  the  plan,  on  the 
ground  either  of  its  own  character,  or  that  of  the 
means  given  by  the  government  to  execute  it.'  Far 
otherwise.  So  far  from  ohjecling  to  it  on  any 
ground,  lie  embraced  it  cordiallv  and  set  out  to 
execute  it.  On  the  20tli  of  August,  he  arrived  at 
Sacket's  Harbor,  and  on  the  21st,  in  an  oflicial  let- 
ter to  the  war  department.  Gays  '"'.My  m.iciiinery  is 
in  motion,  and  I  have  strong  hopes  of  giving  tiie 
chain  to  si;- George,  wh.ich  will  lead  directly  to  the 
object  of  first  importance."  Again — "I  am  endea- 
voring to  lead  sir  George  to  the  west  end  of  the. 
lake,  but  wliether  1  suocced  in  this  attempt  or  not, 
should  our  men  and  means  answer  re])ort,  and  Hea- 
ven fivor  me,  I  will  be  in  possession  of  Kingron, 
or  belovj,  on  the  26th  proximo."  Five  d.iys  after 
the  date  of  this  letter,  he  assembled  a  council  of 
w;ir,  composed  of  major-general  Lewis,  commo- 
dore Chauncey,  general  Brown  and  general  Swart- 
wout.  He  submitted  to  them  a  statement  of  Ii;s 
force,  present  and  expe*ted;  the  most  correct  in- 
formation he  could  get,  with  regard  to  that  of  the 
enemy  and  the  plan  of  campaign  wliich  had  Leeji 
given  him.  Under  a  full  consideration  of  the  sub- 
ject, this  council  decided  unanimously— 

1st.  Against  awaiting  the  issue  of  a  naval  combat 
on  the  lake: 

2d.  Against  concentrrAing  our  force  at  Fort 
George. 

3d.  Against  an  attack  on  Kingston,  and 

4th  In  favor  of  a  movement  down  the  St.  Law- 
rence and  against  Montreal — and  in  this  decisioa 
the  general  united. 

Writing  to  the  secretary  of  war  on  tlic  2Sth  of 
.\ugnst,  1813,  the  general  says,  "If  the  means  cm 
be  mustered, /Ae(/ ■rw7i'eH6'7/re  the  end." 

We  shall  presently  see  to  what  they  referred.  In  a 
subsequent  letter  of  the  28tli  of  October,  he  sajs, 
"all  oiu-  hopes  liave  been  nearly  blasted,  but  tlianks 
to  the  same  Providence  which  pl.ced  us  in  jenpar-. 
<ly,  we  are  suDuoimting  our  diHicidtics,  aitd  God 
willing,  I  shall  pass  Prescot  on  the  1st  or  2d  proxi- 
mo, if  some  imf;)reseen  obstacle  does  not  j^rcsent 
U)  forbid  me.  Once  passed  Prescot,  and  our  bayo- 
nets and  sabres  shall  remove  nil  impediments." 

In  the  exposition  of  his  forces  made  to  the  coun- 
cil of  war,  as  suggested  above,  he  states  that  "the 
whole  present  and  efTecti-e  force  of  tlte  army  of 
this  district  (No.  9)  may  be  estimated  :it  seven  tho?/' 
sand  four  hundird  comhatanis,  exclvisive  of  the  na- 
vv  department,  but  it  is  expected  that  by  the  reco- 
very of  the  sick  and  the  junction  of  recruits,  it  will 
be  augmented  to  nine  tlwnsand,  exclusive  of  militia, 
(on  which  no  solid  reliance  can  be  phtced,)  by  tlie 
2L)tli  September."  JVine  thousand  men  then  was 
tiie  maximum  of  his  calculations,  and  a  force  com* 
petent,  in  his  judgment,  and  in  that  of  the  coun* 
cil  of  war,  to  accomplish  the  service  assigned  to 
til  em.  Whatever,  therefore,  was  the  augmentafion 
of  hii  actual  force  beyond  this,  w.<s  an  excess,  net 
ther  requested,  required, nor  expected  by  him.  15y 
the  report  of  the  adjutant  general,  made  at  French 
Mills  on  the  Ist  day  of  Deeember,  1813,  it  appears, 


426    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  17,  1816. 


■■hat  the  aga^regute  of  the  ai'my  hrouglit  do\Mi  I'le 
St.  Lawrence,  and  then  tliei-e,  was  8,143  men. 

3  regts.  of  cavalry  detaclied  to  Utica 

(sav)  400 

Killed  in  the  battle  of  tlie  Uth  of  No- 
vember 102 

Total  8,645 

Hampton's  division  not  included,  4,000 


Making  the  whole  destined  to  the  at- 
tack of  Montreal  12,645  men. 
or  three  ihousanri  more  than  was  expected. 

That  the  means  of  transportation  were  sufficient, 
is  proved  by  the  fact,  that  the  army  was  transport- 
ed;  and  that  subsistence  was  not  wanting,  is  es- 
tablished bv  the  g-er.cral'sown  letter  of  the  16th  of 
November,  1813,  in whiclihesays,  "[acquiesced  in 
these  opinions  (to  retire  from  Canada)  not  from  the 
shortness  of  the  s^ock  of  provisions,  (which  had 
been  reduced  by  the  acts  of  God,)  because  that  of 
our  me.;t  had  been  increased  five  days  and  our 
bread  had  been  i-educcd  onlv  two  days,  and  because 
we  could,  in  case  of  extremi'y,  have  lived  upon  the 
enemy." 

Here  tlien  is  the  most  distinct,  positive  and 
abundant  testimony,  furnished  by  general  Wilkin- 
son himself,  that  {titroiig-hoiit  the  campaign)  in  his 
opinion,  there  was  no  impracticability  in  tl:e  pro- 
ject he  was  employed  to  execute,  nor  m  the  provi- 
sion made  by  government  for  its  execution.  But 
we  do  not  stop  here.  We  i!;-o  on  to  shew,  that  the 
general,  who  wovdd  no-w  impute  the  faihu-e  of  the 
expedition,  to  impracticable  plans  and  incompetent 
means,  has  frequently,  solenmly  and  officially,  at- 
tributed this  failure  to  another  and  very  different 
cause. 

In  his  journal  of  the   expedition,   (in  which   he 
rives  to  the  government  and  tlic  public  a  detailed 
account  of  all  his  movements,)  he  says,  (under  date 
of  tlie    12th   of   Nov.)    "Tlie   flotilla  sailed   early 
this  morning  and  passed  down  the  saut  without  dis- 
covering either  the  boats  or  troops  of  the  enemy, 
and  arrived  in  the  course  of  the  forenoon  at  Baze- 
Jiart's,  where  the  commanding  general  received  a 
letter  from  m:<jor-general  Hampton,  by  the  hands 
of  colonel  A.tkinj=on,  his  inspector-general,  which 
blasted  aU  /it's  ftopes  and  destroyed  every  proapect  of 
the  campaign.     A  council   of  war  was  called  upon 
the  receipt  of  this  communication,  which  was  sub- 
mitted to  their  consideration,  whereupon  the  coun- 
cil dctermineil,  that  the  conduct  of  gjnerul  Hampton 
in  refusing  to  join  his  divisio/i  to  the  troops  descending 
the  Si.  Lawrence  to  carri;  an  attack  against  Montreal, 
rendered  it  expedient  to  leave  the  left  bank  of  the  St. 
JjUiurence  and  to  remove  the  troops  to  French  Jytills  on 
Sahuuii  river"  &c.     To  the   army,  he  assij^ns  the 
same  reason  {m'  the  failure  in  his  general  order  of  the 
ISlA  November,  1813.     "The  troops  are  to  embark 
Avjv'iout  loss  of  time,  yet  are  not  to  be  hurried  ii 
le;.ving  the  Canailian  shore,  from  whence  the  con>- 
m.inder  in  cliief  is  compelled  to  retire  by  tite  extraor- 
dinum,   unexampled,   and  it  appears,   n/nvarrantable 
conduct  of  mujor  general  Hampton,  in.  refusing  t.  Join 
this  army  -vith  a  division  of  four  thousand  men  under 
fiis  covtmuiid." 

In  a  letter  of  the  same  date  (15th  Nov.)  to  the 
govenimcnl,  he  says,  "it  is  a  fac:  for  which.  1  am 
iiutliorised  to  pledge  myself  on  the  most  confiden- 
tial auvhority,  tliat  on  the  4th  of  the  present  month, 
the  British  garrison  of  Montreal  consisted  solely  of 
four  hundred  marines  and  tvvo  liundrcd  sailois, 
■\vhich  had  been  sent  up  from  Quebec.  Jfhai  a  glo- 
rjius, gol'J'm  oppftrtwiity  has  Lecit^ost  by  ike  caj^rice  of 


major  geno^-al  H(nuptmi?"  Again  :  In  another  letter 
of  the  17 •A\  of  November,  he  says,  "Afierwhat  haa 
passed  between  i;Sj  you  can  perhaps  conceive  my 
imazement  and  chagrin  at  the  conduct  of  general- 
Hampton.  The  gi  me  -was  in  viei:.',  and  had  he  per- 
fnned  the  junction  directed,  ivould  have  been  ours  in 
eight  or  ten  days.  But  he  cho.se  to  recede  in  order 
to  co-operate,  and  my  da~vning  hopes  and  the  hopes  and 
honor  of  the  army  ivcre  blasted." 

We  will  but  ;dd  two  other  extract? from  thelct- 
ters  of  general  Wilkinson  on  this  subject.  "With 
respec  ,"  he  says,  "to  the  uvfortmiate  issue  of  the. 
campaign,  I  disclaim  the  shadow  of  blame,  because 
I  know  I  have  done  my  duty  and  more  than  my  duty, 
and  so  do  tliose  with  whom  1  have  acted.  To  gcTte- 
ral  Hampto7i's  outrage  of  eve>y  privcil-le  of  subordina- 
tion and  discipUne  may  be  ascribed  the  failure  of  the 
expedition.'"  "I  will  uot  charge  this  iiian  (general 
Hampton)  with  trailerous  designs,  but  I  apprehend 
in  any  other  government,  that  a  military  officer 
rcAo  defeated  the  object  of  a  campaign  by  disobedience 
of  orders,  &c.  would  incur  heavy  penalties,"  These 
extrasts  are  taken  from  letters'  dated,  the  one  on 
the  24th  Nov.  and  the  other  on  the  8th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1813. 

We  le;.ve  to  the  patrons  and  defenders  of  gene- 
ral Wilkinson  to  reconcile  these  statements  M-iih  hid 
more  recent  declaration,  that  "he  had  been  put  upon 
the  execution  of  an  impracticable  project,  iiith  incom- 
petent means,"  and  to  all  honest  enqvirers,  tiie  re. 
flections  growing  out  of  the  palpable  contradictioa 
between  the  two.  If  the  latter  be  true,  what  a  se- 
ries of  deceptions  has  he  practiced  upon  his  coun- 
cil of  war — upon  his  army — upon  the  government, 
and  upon  the  public  at  large!  and  above  all,  how 
profligate  the  attack  on  major  general  Hampton  ! 
If  the  former  be  true,  how 'flagitious  is  his  recent 
conduct  in  attemjiting  to  fasten  upon  the  govern^ 
ment  those  censures,  which  iie  lias  so  often  and  so 
solemnly  attempted  to  fix  upon  others  ! 

3d.  We  now  approach   his   last  and  great  com- 
plaint— his  arrestation  and  tibial; — that  heliad  beea 
deprived  of  his  sword  in  the  dawn  of  tlie  campaign  ; 
—thrown  out  of  the  path  of  glory,  and  that  the  sol- 
diers, formed  and  disciplined,  and  fitted  for  actioiu 
and  t}reparedto  meet  the  enemy  by  him,  were  destined 
to  follow  and  exalt  the  fortunes  of  other  leaders  ! ! ! 
Could  the  voice  of  the  army  be  heard  on  this  sub- 
ject, we  suspect  that  their  complaints  would  not  be 
found  to  be  very  loud,  nor  their  grief  ver)-  pungent. 
The  general  was  certainly  a  great  administrator  of 
h:;rdsiiips  and  sutl  eiings,  and  on  one  occasion,  if  we 
mistake  not,  found  a  solace  tor  even  disgrace  and 
disaster,  in  the  self-confidence,  reciprocal  trust,  hartno- 
ny  and  attachment  wiiich  these  potent   causes,  (ac- 
cordhig  to  his   theory)  naturally   and  abundantly 
produce.     In  wliat  other  way  he  prepared  his  men 
for  action,  we  have  yet  to  learn.  Certain  we  are  tha| 
'lis  successor  in  command,   did  not  thir.k  very  fa- 
vorably of  tlie   state  of  preparation  in   wiiich  he 
found  the  right  division  of  tlie  army,  in  April  or  May 
last — and  that  the  archives  of  the  war  department, 
ifconsul'.ed,    will  furnish   details  on  this  head  not 
at  all  caiculnled  to  exalt  the  general's  vanity.    But 
this  by  the  way — 

"The  artifices  of  mif  accuser,"  says  the  defence^ 
^■p)-evailed,  and  he  depHvedme  of  my  s~.uord  ;"  In  plain 
English — he  sus]3cnded  the  general  from  command, 
and  put  him  upon  tri.d  by  a  court  marti.d. 

Tiie  reader  wiil  find  before  we  part,  that  this 
mighty  charge  is  but  Mount  Jitlas  in  labor, and  that 
if  tliere  was  any  very  deep  artifice  in  the  case,  the 
;^eneral  was  at  tiie  bottom  of  it.  On  the  17lh  of 
Nov.  1813,  anticipating  the  censure  that  awaited 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— INTERESTING  SCRAPS. 


4^7 


Iiim,  lie  WTote  to  the  secretary  of  war  as  follows : 
"S'aould,  tiierefore,  a  question  be  made  in  relation 
to  'nv  conduct,  I  expect  from  yowv  frieiuhl dp  and  de- 
mand of  your  justice  that  I  may  be  immediately 
c  died  forvard,  :ind  allowed  an  opportunity  to  viii- 
dicaie  mi/  <mUtarii  character"  On  the  20lh  of  March 
following,  he  renewed  this  request  in  strong-  terms 
"The  blandero'is  attacks"  he  says,  "against  my  cha- 
racter, and  the  foul  misrepresentations  of  my  cen- 
duct,  on  the  last  campaign,  which  I  have  observed 
in  the  public  prints,  must  be  my  apology  for  jv- 
gtiestinq-  from  i/ou  a  general  court  martial,  iinth  as  Ut- 
ile delay  as  possible,  to  investigate  any  cliarges  tvldcb 
may  have  been  alleged  against  me." 

Such  w;is  the  general's  conduct  on  this  occasion. 
Let  us  now  see  what  v/as  that  of  the  secretary.  I' 
certainly  required  neitlier  iricA:s,  nnv  stratagems,  nor 
perfidies,  on  iiis  part,  to  bring  about  wliat  the  gene- 
ral himself  so  earnestly  wished  and  eagerly  demand- 
ed ;  and  if  such  things  were  pracased,  it  must  have, 
been  from  a  mere  love  of  the  game,  and  not  because 
they  were  eitlier  useful  or  necessary. 

On  the  19th  of  February,  1S14,  tlie  secretary  re- 
ported to  the  president,  that  "he  had  some  time  be- 
fore received  a  communication,  of  whicn  the  paper 
enclosed  and  u)  u-lced  A,  was  an  extr.xt — that  sen- 
sible jftiic  delicacy  of  military  reputation,  he  was 
in  no  haste  to  act  upon  it,  nor  even  officially  to  sub- 
mit it  10  his  (tiie  president's)  inspection;  that  tiie 
reason  fortnathesiiancyjWas  now  removed  ;  that  lie 
had  in  two  instances  followed  the  references  made 
in  the  communication,  and  that  in  both,  the  trutiiof 
the  principal  cuarge  (drunkenness)  had  been  con- 
firmed ;  that  a  se  ise  of  duty  compelled  him  to  pro- 
pose, that  gen.  Willvinson  be  relieved  from  tlie  com 
m  nd  of  the  army  and  district,  and  that  a  court  of 
enquiry  be  ins'ituted,  as  speedily  as  possible,  for 
the  purpose  of  examining  and  deciding,  whether  his 
conduct  had,  or  h  'd  not  been  censurable  during  the 
last  campaign  .■'  and  that  this  cour.se  had  also  been 
indicated  by  the  genei-al's  wishes,  expressed  in  his 
letter  of  the  17th  Nov.  1813." 

Agreeably  to  the  pi-eceding  report,  an  order  was 
taken  for  relieving  the  general,  and  fur  instituting 
a  court  of  enquiry,  composed  of  gen.  Izzard,  gen. 
M' Arthur,  and  col.  King,  notice  of  which  reached 
general  Wilkinson  about  tlie  r2t!i  April.     On  that 
day  he  wro.e  to  the  secretary,  stathig  objections  to 
general  Izzard,  because,  tliough  of  the  same  grade, 
he  was  junior  in  rank  ; — to  general  M'Artiiur,  be- 
cause he  was  not  qualified  to  judge  of  military  con- 
duce, and  to  colonel  King,  because  he  liad  been, 
v/hen  a  subaltern  and  boy,  under  his  command.     It 
was  not  deemed  either  just,  or  decorous,  to  sustain 
objections  to  the  court,  unfounded  alike  in  military 
usage  and  in  common  sense  ;  but  in  conformity  to 
the  general's  wishes,  tliecourt  of  enquiry  was  ciiang- 
ed  into  a  court  martial  of  the  smallest  leg.il  number, 
and  generals  G.dnes  and  llipley  added  to  the  forincr 
to  uitkc  up  t'le  deficiency.     Tiie  result  of  the  busi- 
ness was,  that  general  Wilkinson,  notwiihstandiiig 
his  extreme  sensii)iliiy  to  news-paper  censure,  and 
his  anxiety  to  be  permitted  to  vindicate  las  charac- 
ter and  co.iduct,  declined  being  tried  b}^  a  court  of 
live  members,   unless  wholly  compoicd  of  general 
officers.     The  couri,  not  being  so  conu^osed  (col. 
King  being  a  member)  was  dissolved    Tne  general 
was  now  left  to  choose  between  Pniladclphia,  Bal- 
timore or  Annapolis,   as  a  place  of  residence,  but 
:lis!iking  any  restriction  on  Ins  loco-motive  faculties, 
■he  articles  of  war,  on  that  point,  were  dispensed 
*  Jtii  in  his  favor. 

,    Where  then,  we  ask,  are  the  evidences  of  tricks 
artifices  to  be  found  in  these  tra  isactions  ,'  — 


Where  a  single  trace  of  an  opp'-essive  or  even  rigo'v 
ous  policy  with  regard  to  ge'^er-J  Wi'klnsnn  ?  Do 
they  not  present  rather  a  series  of  concessions  on 
the  part  of  government,  to  the  humors,  caprice  and 
views  of  that  officer  '  Will  it  be  s  id,  tiiat  neither 
his  own  repeated  requests  for  inves'iga'io:'.',  nor  \\\c. 
complaints  of  the  pu!>lic,  long  „nd  loud  agvinst 
him — nor  tlie  suggestions  of  th;  ee  ge'.icrid  officers 
who  had  served  under  liim,  of  the  most  il.igrant 
misconduct  on  his  part,  v/ere  to  be  regarded  .■'  and 
that  in  despite  of  all  these  circumslances,  lie  should 
have  been  left  in  command  to  gain  other  victories 
like  that  at  WiHi.imsburg,  or  to  repeat  the  lesso'i 
"of  command  and  obedience,"  exiiibi!e<l  at  La  '.'ole 
Mill,  and  which  (though  defeated  at  the  head  of  his 
army  with  the  loss  of  100  men,  by  400  Canadian  mi- 
litia) was,  according  to  his  very  curious  and  si-igu- 
lar  estimate,  "worth  a  whole  year's  drill  of  empty 
parades.^" 


Interesting  Scraps. 

Bv  fi  eq'tent  postponements,  a  very  considerable 
body  of  iriteresting  and  important  scraps  and 
articles,  foreign  and  doiiiestic,  has  accumuia<-ed. 
In  prep.iration  to  close  the  volume,  Ihe^  are  now 
chiefly  inserted. 
Skvate  of  t;ie  Uxitkb  Statks: — The   following 

table  she^vs  the  periods  at  which  the  terms  of  tha 

present  senators  will  expire: 


1817 
Mr.  Bibb, 
Brown, 
Condit, 
Howell, 
Alason,  of  Va. 
Talbot, 
Taylor, 
Thonipson, 
Turner, 
Varnuni, 
Wclb, 
Yv'illiams. 

VlllGIXIA     HWk 


i3:i. 

Mr.  B  irhonr, 
CampbeU, 
Dana, 
Core, 
J  iorsey. 
Hunter, 
lljoert'j, 
Rigirles^ 
S.mTord 
Ticiicnor, 
Wilson, 
Hirper. 


1319. 
Mr.  ]?  any, 
Chase, 
Daggett, 
Fromentin, 
G.dUard, 
Goldsborough, 
Kiig, 
L  ;c  ;ck, 
M  '.con, 

M  .son,ofX.H. 
Mori'ow, 
Tait. 

Tlie  presidents  of  the  two  i^^ 
corporated  banks  in  Virginia  (the  K.nk  of  Virgird.i 
and  the  Farmers'  Bank)  in  letters  addressed  to  tha 
chairman  of  a  committee  of  the  legislature  a;;- 
pointed  to  examine  the  state  of  tlie  banks,  repre- 
sent, generally,  the  prospeiity  of  their  institutions, 
and  that,  as  these  banks  were  among  the  la.st  to 
suspend  their  sjiecie  payments,  tliey  will  also  Ik- 
among  the  first  to  resume  them.  Tiiey  deprrcatr . 
however,  the  precipitating  of  specie  jiayments  u:i- 
til  the  resumjition  shall  be  pretty  generally  agrcLtj. 
upon,  on  account  of  the  large  balances  due  tlicu 
by  other  b.anks. 
General  state  of  the  banks  of  Virginia — ^ro'n  the  i:.' 

January  1.S15  to  the  Ist  Jaanary  ISIo 
Amount  of  bills  discount- 
ed,        :         :         :      ^3,739,2U3  II- 
\mount  of  s])ccie,foreign 
notes,and  balances  due 
from  other  banks  1,779,4-39  OG 

Value  of  real  estate,  1  J4,0J0  OJ 

State  debt,  :  :  3)  ),d>J  UJ 

United  States'  debt,  3J  i.JJJ  OJ 

Total,        :  :  :  G,2r2,6.)j;   2) 

S.ock,  :  :  :     2,.S2J,JJJ  OJ 

Votes  in  circulation,  .     2,720,35  )  d( 
Deposits,  :         :         l,23i,i-l-i  2  J 

Balances    due    to   otlier 
banks,         :  :  :  _ 

'I'.ic  house  of  delegates  rejected  (LOO  to  6i)  \'.t 
proposition  to  ch'U't^r  a  ii  imber  of  new  bank3  in  tiic 
coinraonwciilUi  of  Yirj^'iiia. 


5,828,935 

8*) 

2,135, 

709 

39 

6j, 

!)> 

D.) 

■m, 

0-'2 

'ii 

''xTSd, 

751 

2V 

IJfJ, 

7oi 

5.) 

3,31. », 

).)i 

o ' 

1,232 

JJj 

0'} 

395 

-tu 

■  \  > 

428      NILE3'  WE.i^KLY  REGISTEa— SATUaDAY,  FEBRUARY  17,  181S. 


■PiNXSTLVANiA  Baxks.     Thvougli  the  polheness 

of  the  editor's  friends  at  Harnsburg-,  lie  has  receiv- 
ed a  variety  of  iiiterestinjj  paper.s  rel.'iUng  to  ll;e 
pi-eseiit  stttte  and  condition  of  the  banks  in  that 
commonv.-callh.  The  whole  is  too  long  for  insei- 
tion,  and  v.e  have  not  leisnre  at  present  to  make 
out  a;i:Lb'\;'..ct.  Three  of  the  Philadelphia  banks, 
over  wl'iich  the  legislature  has  a  control,  as  well  as 
several  of  what  may  be  called  the  old  banks  in  the 
interior,  appear  to  be  really  in  a  better  state  than 
the}'  were  in  1S13,  coiiiparing  the  notes  out,  &.c. 
M-itii  the  specie  on  hand,  and  their  means  of  redeem- 
ing them  Tiie  following  svatenient  may  serve  to 
shew  the  present  condition  of  t!u-ce  u,i  the  riiiladcl- 
pliia  banks: 


Pc-.Uuul- 
vajiia- 
dfllis.  ^,  o(i,n  0 

4.2  0,')  12 

1.0  4.224 

£00,000 

5;i    .370 

2,eO-l,1    1 
1,400,356 


BnnK  of  runners'  <ir 
yitilri-  Mcr/iniijcs'' 
ddiiliia.  Lank. 

l,sdo,()00  1.250.000 

':.,ilA.1-19  2.151,103 

317,t;00*  (;44,-,92 

120 
3U.047t  4fi->,6p 

2.i3.07«  2:';  ,632 

Si  .304  l,00e,,'i(i7 

65-1,420  501,700 


C.ll)it;t!  -itiK'if, 
JJills^dist-uiinlcd, 
X-'nit'O  Sl.iUi'  slock, 

Dm  fiiiui  ojliM'  lianks, 

S|!,l"n',         ... 

D''!)Osit5, 

Kotes  ill  circiilalioi), 

The  iianks  are  also  indebted  to  ot'ier  banks  con- 
sider.ibic  sums,  but  have  loans  to  the  state  of  Penn- 
sylv.inia  and  the  city  of  Fhiiadeip'.iia,  and  oMt'i' cre- 
dits th;it  will  proba'Dly  about  balance  this  descrip- 
tion of  debts. 

Lit'Tiid/  .'i<-vc:nie — The  Edinijin-t:;h  revjcvrcrs  (.say:, 
the  Enqr.irei-)  are  the  al>hsl  politicians  in  Europe 
"\VhattiR-y  Sty,  ought  always  to  be  listened  to  witl". 
respect.  In  spc:iking  several  years  past,  of  tlie  abo- 
lition of  direct  or  internal  taxes  in  reg-:ad  to  our 
coiiiitry,  they  urge,  in  this  Ci.se, 

"The  revenue  of  the  country  must  l^e  entirely 
drawn  fi-oni  the  fluctuating  source  of  commerce;  a 
<iependence  is  placed  on  the  verv  win-'is  and  waves; 
ai'd  ill  (Use  ff  a  -.mr,  this  resource  must  be  in  a  great 
Tne;isiu-e  cut  off,  and  it  will  then  be:  riCcess-crx  to 
rescvt  to  i!:o.';e  very  direct  taxes." 

■\V;iat  was  propjjecy,  is  now  Jnct.  And  it  becomes 
ws  tu  profit  by  tlie  warning,  w  liich  we  iuive  our.selves 
recei\  ed. 

Jiuffuh,  like  a  P!ia;nix,  has  risen  from  its  ashes, 
and  :ippcars  to  be  a  jjiace  of  g-rtMt  life  and  activity 
The  J\''iat^-ara  Journal,  (an  excellent  paper  pruned 
there)  of  tlie  oOthidt.  contains, <'i)  advci'iisements, 
some  of  them  very  extensive,  occupying  more  than 
three  pages  of  a  supei--royal  sheet. 

J^dkc  stL'um-boatn. — Itejxraled  e.^peiiments,  whirli 
have  been  made  in  tliis  country  and  F.uro]5e,  uppeai- 
to  have  established  in  the  minds  of  intelligent  per- 
sons, .".cquainted  with  steam  navigation,  a  confidence 
that  steam-boats  properly  constructed  can  navigate 
the  ocean  in  safety,  even  in  the  most  tempestuous 
"weatJier.  If  this  fact  is  establislied,  it  follows  o,' 
tjourse,  that  they  can  be  used  on  tiie'  lakes  with 
great  certainty  of  success.  Messrs.  Porter,  liartoh 
&  Co.  we  are  happy  to  learn,  are  so  weU  satishet- 
of  this  f.iCt,  that  they  have  concluded  to  build,  the 
i:e:it  season,  a  steani  vessel  of  one  hundred  tons 
Lurtiie:'.,  wliicli  is  to  run  on  the  Niagara  river,  and  be- 
tween this  pl.ice  and  Detroit.  If  the  experiment 
proves  fortunate,  and  we  have  no  doubt  but  that  it 
V.iU,  tlie  navigation  of  lake  Erie  will,  in  u  i'aw  years, 
he  in  a  great  ueg-ree  efi'fcted  by  vessels  of  tlu8  de- 
scription. ^Ve  already  Hatter  ourselves,  that  at  no 
<liiitant  jjcriod,  tlie  communication  between  Uuiralo 
and  De.ioit  will  be  as  regular  and  almost  as  cx])e- 
dltiou:.:,  as  it  now  is  between  Albany  and  Xew-York. 

[.Yhiffai'a  Juurual. 


♦Including  ^42,100  of  bani-  stock.     1:Inciuding 
notes  ef  other  banks. 


An  annual  cattle  show  and  f -i  •  is  Ii/reafter  to  be, 
held  at  Brighton,  Middlesex,  Massachusetts,  mncii 
on  the  plan  of  tie  useful  and  well-known  establish- 
inent  at  Pittsfield,  that  has  several  tunes  been  no- 
ticed  in  the  licuiTEH. 

Small-po.v. — There  were  23  victims  to  this  dread- 
ful dise;ise  in  New-York,  for  the  week  ending  on  llie 
3d  instant. 

OuHiosiTiEs. — From  a  late  London  paper — By  the 
fast  sailing  brig  Rolla,  which  has  arrived  at  Liver- 
pool trom  New-York  in  20  davs,  have  been  receiv- 
ed hies  of  newsjiapers  and  private  communications^ 
containing  intelligence  of  considerable  interest. 
The  Americans  are  using  everv  exertion  to  p'rice 
their  navy  on  a  most  f  irmidable  footing.  S'ut  a  ves- 
sel arrives  at  JSi'aiu-Yoik  from  thift  coimtrv  luithovt  her 
crew  being  immediateUj  seduced  into  tlie  .Imerican  .fcr- 
vici^ .' .'  The  hoiaity  pivcn  to  de^erU-rn  f  om  the  Ihi- 
tuhnuTal  serrncei'i  4)  dollars,  and  tiieir  pay  is  12 
dollar?  monthly.  Of  the  crew  of  the  Rolla,  consist- 
ing Qi  ffteen  prime  seamen,  eight  entered  on  board 
of  the  American  fi-is^'ate  Java,  the  day  after  her  ar- 
rival at  New  York,  and  the  other  eight  entered  on 
beard  an  American  merchantman.  Captain  M'En'ew 
of  t.he  Rolla,  complained  ag:;i;;st  these  deserters, 
through  the  medium  of  Mr.  Mooi-e,  the  English 
vice-consul  in  New-York,  but  so  far  from  obtaining 
redress  from  the  Ame;ic  ^n  .government,  c;ipt;dn 
'.I'Ewcn,  was  fined  four  luuuired  dollars  for  un- 
lawfLiiiy  imprisonin!:,-  Air.ericun  citizens.  It  appears 
that  the  seame:i  in  question  liad  been  scc'retly  pro- 
vided with  certiMc.ites  of  American  citizensliip  at 
the  moment  of  quitting  the  Koila. 

Nothing  c:ni  exceed  the  zral  and  politeness  dis-^ 
played  by  Mr.  Moore,  in  supporting-  the  claims  of  . 
lii-s  countrymen  in  America;  but  we  fe.u' his  powers, 
are  not  su'Hciently  extensi\e,  as  the  Americans  are 
able  to  baffle  all  his  exertions,  and  actually  set  his 
authnrit\'  at  dcfi:ince. 

The  Americans,  besides  the  Java  nov-  fitting  out 
;it  New- York,  as  above  mentioned,  have  the  Franklin, 
of  74  guns,  (but  actually  carr_\ing  one  hmdred  and 
twenty  guns!)  nearly  ready  for  sea.  They  lately  sold 
-i  i\uc'  f<ir!y-fovr  gun  frigate  to  Ciirislophe,  the  bl;-ck 
king-  of  St.  Domingo;  tliis  ship  is  culled  tlie  (k-neral 
lirown,  anil  is  supposed  cqu.u  to  a  i-ixiij  giui  siiipj 
in  point  of  weight  of  metal  I  ! 

[Some  persons  may  condemn  us  for  inserting  the 
above,  which  has  nothing  like  a  truth  in  the  wjiole 
:)f  il — but  it  is  well  to  see  ^vhat  the  enemy  is  at !  I 
have  always,  however,  expected  that  our  74'.:.  would 
§-ro-:v  into  13U  or  2UU  gun  ships— in.  the  British  pa- 
pers.] 

We  Ic.irn  (says  the  Rhode-Tsland  American)  that 
captain  John  Orde  Creighton  is  appointed  captain  of 
the  Washington  74,  cmtiniandcd  by  com.  Chauncey. 
The  ^Vashin.<;i(>n  is  destined  for  the  .Mediterranean. 

JX'^owport,  Jan.  17. — On  th.e  morning  of  the  10th 
instant,-  an  express  c. am. e  from  Rreiiton's  neck,  with 
information  that  a  vessel  had  been  strar.ded  on  the 
i-ecf,  and  that  several  men  were  seen  on  part  of  the 
w^reck,  driving  attlic  mercy  of  the  wii-sd  and  waves. 
■\n  arrangethent  was  immediately  adopted  to  rescue 
them,  if  pos-Sible,  from  their  perilous  situation. 
Some  of  our  citizens  proceeded  on  to  the  sea 
shore. 

Oliver  II.  Perry,  esq.  commander  of  the  United 
States  frigate  ,!.iva,  now  in  our  harbo.-,  being  at  his 
house,  was  called  iijion  to  aid  iti  the  cii'ort — his 
manner  of  entering,  with  all  his  s.ul,  into  the  me- 
lancholy business,  was  ])eculi;a'ly  impressive — iiis 
feeling'heart  reali/.ed  the  critical  situation  of  those 
iuifortu;v.tte  men  whose  lives  were  at  slake.  Not- 
v.-it]ist:indinij'  t!ie  severity  of  the  weathei-  and  th^^^ 


NILES'   WEEKLY  REGISTER— INTERESTING  SCilAPS 


425^ 


^g'h  ujnd,  he,  without  ceremony,  stepped  on  board 
of  !u:5  barge,  and  said  to  his  men,  "come,  my  boys, 
Tveare  g-oinp,-to  *he  relief  of  ship-M'recked  se  imen;" 
las  lie  addressed  them,  their  animated  coun!  en  nces 
expressed  that  intrepid  detern.ination  to  bmve 
erery  dang'er  the  arduous  duty  indicated.  They 
then  roHcd  with  great  rapidity  to  the  reef,  distant 
about  five  miles.  The  vessel  proved  to  be  the  schr. 
Eliza,  captain  Charles  Gorton,  from  H;;v:ma,  and 
owned  bv  S.  T.  Northnm,  merchant,  of  this  town. 
She  was  dashed  into  a  thousand  pieces,  carg'o  en- 
tirely h)st.  Fortunately  the  eleven  men  on  the 
quarter  deck,  that  had  separated  frora  the  wreck, 
were,  with  the  assistance  offered,  landed  in  safety, 
whicii  may  be  considered  a  miraculous  preservation 
of  their  lives. 

TaE  B:iiriSH  AND  IxniAvs. —  Cttpij  of  a  letter  from 
the  cuinmantling'  officer  at  Fort  Wiv.jne,  on  the  Jliami  of 
the  lakes,  to  a  member  -if  coytp-ret/i,  dated  Fort  IVatjne, 
St/i  Janiuiri/,  1816. — Permit  mc,  sir,  to  acquaint  you 
with  a  communication  just  ma^le  to  me  by  a^NIi.r.ii 
•Indian,  a  branch  of  the  While  Loon's  family,  wlio 
has  always  expressed  the  p^reatest  friendship  to  me, 
and  of  who.se  fidelity  to  our  t^overnment,  (as  far  as 
a  savapfe  mind  can  possess  that  seniiment)  I  have 
.Jiot  the  least  doubt. 

He  s:y's  the  British  have  sent  out  runners  among- 
all  the  tribes  to  the  north  and  west,  inviiing-  the  war 
ehiefs,  v.'itii  theu*  _votmg'  and  most  active  warriors 
only,  to  come  with  as  little  delay  as  possible  to 
►Maiden;  that  they  have  a  larg'e  quantity  of  g-oodi 
there,  v.hicli  they  keep  in  reserve  for  that  class  only, 
■Rhene\-er  tJsey  shall  arrive,  and  be  seen  to  take  a 
strong-  hold  of  the  tomahawk,  as  they  liave  been 
inown  to  do.  My  informant,  who  calls  me  ids  un- 
cle, states  that  he  himself  has  received  tiie  inviut- 
tion  tliree  days  since,  with  many  other  Miami 
«'iiefs,  sever.dof  whom  have  resolved  to  go  to  Md- 
Alen  merely  to  see  and  hcj  the  lJ)-itis!i  father;  but, 
jFor  himself,  lie  is  satisfied  to  remain  at  home 

For  several  days  past  great  numbers  of  Putawa- 
timies  and  others,  ha^'e  passed  here  on  their  way  to 
^lalden. 

What  their  intentions  are,  is  yet  doubtful,  but  my 
Snformant  assures,  tjiat  it  is  his  opinion  a  war  will 
Sjreak  out  early  in  the  spring. 

l!i  iiaste,  as  tiie  express  is  now  waiting  for  this 
Jettcr,  I  am,  &c.  DANIEL  CURTIS. 

Ikti:!i.val  i.-«p:fovmtEXT.  The  le.'is'ature  of  Vir- 
ginia has  turned  its  atteniion  in  an  eificicnt  manner 
to  die  subject  of  internal  improvement.  A  law  has 
jjecn  passed  creating  a  fund  "to  be  denominated 
'the  fund  for  internal  improvement,'  and  to  be  i.p- 
j)lied  exclusively  to  the  pi.upose  of  rendering  n.^vi- 
gabie  and  uni'ing  (by  canals)  the  principal  rivers, 
and  of  more  intimately  connecting,  by  public  liigh- 
Ways,  the  different  parts  of  the  common\ve.iliii." 
The  fund  is  to  consist  of  all  the  stock  held  by  the 
State  in  b.mk  and  tiu-npike  and  navigation  compa- 
nies, together  with  such  dividends  as  may  acciaie 
tJiereon,  and  such  bonus  or  picmiums  as  may  be 
Jiereafier  received,  for  privileges  granted  to  banks. 
The  care  of  this  fund  is  vested  in  .i  corporate  bod\ 
to  be  styled  "the  president  and  directors  of  tlie 
board  of  control,"  to  be  composed  of  the  governor 
(president  ex  officio) — twelve  directors,  to  consist 
of  the  trcasurei-,  attorney-general  of  the  state,  and 
ten  citizetis,  tiiree  of  whom  shall  reside  westward 
of  liie  Alleghany  mountain,  two  between  the  Alle- 
ghany and  \he  Blue  Itidgc,  three  between  the  Blue 
Ilidge  atid  ih.e  head  of  title  w.tler,  and  two  between 
that  line  and  the  sea-coast.  No  application  of  tiie 
fliud  is  to  be  maile,  excci)t  by  spcciu.!  authority  of 
law..     What  IS  the  amount  qf  this  ftmdj  or    iiow 


productive,  we  are  not  apprized.  The  prescn*. 
amount  is  believed,  liowever,  to  be  not  f.;r  from  a 
million  of  dollars;  and  may  be  iioped  to  produce 
very  valuable  benefits  not  only  to  Virginia,  but  to 
the  union. —  Yat.  Fnt'-L 

Algiers. — The  editors  of  the  National  Intclli"-en. 
cer,  on  publishing  the  letters  from  the  Mediterra- 
nean,  noticed  in  om*  last,  savs: 

"We  imderstand  from  the  best  authority,  that 
commodore  Decatur's  engagement  \\i\]\  Al"-iers 
went  no  further  than  to  return  the  vessels  in^  the 
state  in   wliich  they  then   were,   to  sucli   oincer  as 

might  be  designated  by  the  <lev  to  receive  them 

the  ship  and  the  brig  were  thus  restored,  th.e  red 
Hag  hoisted,  and  receipts  taken  from  the  Algcrinc- 
othcer  for  them.  T'lc  frigate  proceeded  to  Ahr-jerK! 
the  brig  was  detained  by  the  Sp.jiisji  government' 
on  the  plea  that  she  was  captured  within  the  jiiris- 
diction  of  th.e  Spanish  territory.  Should  anv  ques- 
lion  hereafter  ari-e  upon  this  subject,  it  must  be 
between  Sp.dn  and  Algiers;  and  we  are  free  to  con- 
fess tjiat  we  do  not  fee!  any  very  deep  hiterest  in 
what  way  ?A(?7/ settle  it" 

A  naval  force  however,  will  be  kept  in  the  Me 
di'erranean,  "stifficicnt  to  keep  alive  those  favora- 
ble itnpressions  awakened  by  the  appeai-unce  of  the 
first  squadron." 

^Free  Schools.— It  appears  by  a  report,  to  the  le- 
gislature of  South-Carolina,  that  tjie  swiem  of  free 
schools  has  wondcfuliy   succeeded.     The  returns 

from    many   disuicts   were    very  pleasing -tliey 

had  accounts  of  3642  ciiildi-eu  ednr;.'dn"-  at  tiic. 
charge  of  the  state,  and  the  whole  number  was  si'"- 
pjsed  to  exceed  4JOj.     T!ds  is  delightful.  ' 

Charleston,  Jcntuarij  25. — On  Friday  last,  IViUhnn 
Linen  v/as  brouglit  to  the  bar  of  the"  court  of  ;5cssi- 
oiis;  a  jiuw  Was  impannelled,  and  after  a  patient 
hearing  of  evideiice.  Sec.  the}  brought  in  a  verdict, 
pronouncing  him  to  be  sane,  "in  consequence  of  this 
verdict,  he  was,  on  Tuesday  last,  arraigned  for  the 
murder  of  Dr.  David  Ramsar,-  after  occtipvin?-  the- 
attention  of  the  court  and  another  jury,  for  tv.o  'da\  s, 
at  lU  o'clock,  last  evening,  the  jury  "returned  th'cir 
ycvdictaf  not  [pdltu;  acquitting  him  on  the  ground 
oi'insunitt/.  He  vva.s  immediately  remanded  to  gaol, 
on  an  indictment  preferred  against  him  by  A-rvj* 
Btdleu,  e-q.  On  tiie  verdict  being  read,  hetliank- 
ed  the  jury  for  liieir  le7utij — but  thought  they  had 
not  done  \,\m  Justice/ 

CAUTn=vf;E_\*A. — It  is  now  resolved  to  a  certainty 
that  this  inip'-.rtant  place  has  fallen  into  the  hand's 
of  the  Spaniards,  hu  famine.  On  taking  possession 
of  tlie  city,  it  is  said  tlie  royalists  miu-dered  nearly 
120UJ  persons  of  all  ag-es,  witiiout  regard  to  sex, 
though  they  found  in  the  houses  the  bodies  of  2509 
persons  who  had  perished  for  want  durhig  the 
seige!  Sixty  of  the  leading  men  have  been  sent  to 
Spain— some  few  made  tneir  escape,  among  wiiora 
is  general  Bolivar,  who,  wiiii  his  suite,  has  arriv- 
ed at^Port-au.prii,ce,  via.  Aux  Cayes.  After  t!ie 
fa!;  of  t!ie  place  tbe  royalists  kept  the  patriot  flag 
tl_\  ing,  and  thereby  decoyed  sev<;ral  vessels,  10  or 
12  .Vmerican  and4"or5  P.i-itish.  Tiie  crews  of  these 
(2  or  3  of  whicii  are  from  B.dtimure)  were  made 
prisoners  of,  and,  as  well  as  the  crews  of  .some  oilier 
vessels  wiiich  the  dons  presumed  to  suppose  were 
destined  for  Carthagena,  treated  with  that  pcj-fecl; 
disreg-ard  of  humanity  that  as  much  distinguishes 
the  Spaniai-ds  of  tlie  pre.;ent  day,  in  their  tfiorts  to 
re-conquer  Sotith  America,  as  that  cruelty  of  their 
ancesiors,  in  its  original  subjugation,  which  has  con- 
signed them  to  the  exccrati  :>n  of  ages.  Many  of  those 
persons  have  already  died  of  base  usage,  and  it  is 
probable  that  few  will  escape  tlie  cool  and    slow 


430      I^ILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  17,  1816. 


murder  of  t!ie  legitimates.  Many  have 
by  inches;  suffering-  all  the  characteristics  of 
ci'ueltv  that  distinguished  the  Jersey' prison  ship,  off 
Nc«-York,  during  the  revolutiomiry  war.  Among 
those  who  survived,  at  a  late  date,  was  c:iptain  Al- 
meda,  of  Baltimore,  famous  for  his  late  exploits  in 
the  JCeTiip  privateer.  The  British  had  taken  mea- 
sures to  relieve  their  own  people — the  Junon  fri- 
gate having  sailed  for  that  purpose. 

It  is  stated  that  flour  was  sold  during  the  seige 
at  §200  per  bbl.  and  tliat  the  whole  number  of  per- 
sons wlio  died  of  famine  was  4,7'00!  Tire  defence 
appears  to  liave  been  as  obstinate  as  any  recorded 
in  history.  Will  Spain  subdue  a  people  like  tliis? 
Iso — every  incli  of  country  must  be  won  by  losses 
that  will  exhaust  the  Peninsula.  God  forbid,  that 
the  inquisition  shall  ever  again  rear  its  bloody  ban- 
ner in  these  countries,  which  man  has  done  so  much 
to  desolate  and  destroy! 

Cartliagena  is  exceedingly  important  as  being  the 
principal,  if  not  the  only  sea-port,  on  the  Atlantic 
side,  by  which  tlie  republic  of  JVeiv  Grenada  can 
receive  such  supplies  as  it  needs,  to  fight  the  bat- 
tles of  freedom,  successfull}^  Rut  we  Iiave  reason 
to  iiope  there  is  a  large  stock  of  the  munitions  of 
v.'ar  in  the  interior. 

Tobacco. — A  crop  of  tobacco  is  said  to  have  sold 
recently  at  I<yncliburg,  for  5540  per  hundred!  If  any 
man  lia'd  predicted  this  a  few  >e:irs  ago 

The  Small  Pox  is  making  great  ravages  in  New- 
York   and   Philadelphia,  Sec.  It  is  strange  that  the 


people  have  not  yet  leai-nt  wisdom  to  use  the  means 
that  Providence  has  so  bountifully  given  us  to  re- 
sti'ain,  if  not  extinguish,  this  dreadful  malady. 

American  captives. — The  brig  Commerce,  of  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  was  cast  away  on  the  coast  of 
Africa,  off  Cape  Cajador,  on  the  l>8th  August  last. 
The  crew  were  saved  to  be  made  prisoners  of  by 
the  Moors,  who  carried  them  across  the  great  de- 
sert Zahara.  They  have  made  known  their  suffer- 
ings to  their  countrymen  on  the  Mediterranean 
coasts,  and  appear  about  to  be  released  for  a  ran- 
som of  920  and  2  double  barrelled  guns  for  the 
whole.  The  Moors  who  committed  this  outrage, 
we  believe,  only  pay  a  nominal  respect  to  tlie  em- 
peror of  Morocco. 

Courage  and  Skill/ — A  vessel,  apparently  a  Spa- 
jilsh  sloop  of  war,  lately  attacked  an  American  mer- 
chantman, (the  schooner  Murray,  of  .\ew-York)  in 
the  Mediterranean,  :uid  after  firing  upon  her  up- 
wards of  half  an  hour,  within  speaking  distance, 
hauled  off!  If  the  schooner  had  had  only  one  gun, 
the  don  might  have  paid  for  iiis  rashness.  I'he 
MiUTay's  rigging  was  consi^lerably  cut. 

The  Virgin  curried  off. — An  image  of  the  Virgin 
Mcu'i',  valued  at  80  or  §90,000,  had  been  brought 
to  yt.  Domingo  from  Carthagena,  in  a  schooner  be- 
longing to  New- York.  It  was  taken  as  security  foi' 
payment  of  a  cargo  of  provisions  carried  into  Car- 
thagena by  that  vessel. 

Wolf  hunt. — A  large  she  wolf  was  lately  run  down 
and  taken  by  a  party  of  gentlemen  in  West  Notting- 
ham, Chester  county;  she  is  said  to  be  nearly  three 
feel  in  height,  and  measuring  upwards  of  six  feet 
from  the  nose  to  the  tip  of  the  tail. — I'hil.  paper. 

Commerce  of  Savannah. — There  are  now  [Jan.  22] 
in  the  port  of  Savannah,  49  ships;  41  brigs;  2^^ 
schooners  and  19  sloops;  there  are  also  lying  a^ 
Tybee,  bound  up,  18  sail,  mostly  square  rigged, 
making  in  t!ie  whole  147  sail;  the  largest  number 
at  one  time  for  twenty  years  past. 

Prodigalitii.  It  is  estimated  tiiat  one  man's  speeche.- 
in  congress,  (who  is  constantly  complaining  of  a- 


perished,the  United  States  at  least  §70,000,  for  the  present 
session. 

Longeiity. — Died  recently,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Virginia,  John  \Vright,  aged  107  years. 

Captain  .Moffit,  of  the  famous  Tiattlesyiale  priva- 
teer, has  been  publicly  entertained  by  the  "Old 
Hob,"  at  Philadelphia.  The  toasts  drank  were  ex- 
cellent. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  J\'avit  have  given  notice 
that  they  will  receive  proposals  for  supplies  of  can- 
non, ball,  muskets,  pikes,  copper  sheets  and  spikes, 
lead,  anchors,  kentledge,  hemp  American,  gun- 
powder, &c.  &.C.  &c. 

A  living  Camelion  is  exhibiting  at  the  Boston  Mu- 
seum. 

President  Petion  has  purchased  an  elegant  vessel, 
built  at  New-York,  by  certain  shipwrights  there  ou 
private  account,  for  §220,000.  She  carries  40  guns 
and  300  men,  and  is  cruising  against  "his  majesty" 
king  Henry. 

Vexezueli.  Col.  Macaidtr,  a  Virginian,  was  of 
the  number  of  those  who,  at  various  times,  have 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  royal  forces  in  Venezue- 
la and  perished  by  tlie  executioner;  for  the  war 
in  these  provinces  has  been  a  war  of  extermination. 
A  writer  in  the  JVational  Intelligencer,  speaking  of 
the  bai'barities  of  JMontes,  a  royal  chief,  thus  notices 
his  death — 

"This  brave  American,  tlie  idol  of  the  people  of 
Venezuela  and  New-Grenada,  wlien  led  out  among 
others  to  execution,  advanced  before  them,  and  ad- 
dressing his  bretliren  in  misfortune,  said  to  them, 
"Let  me  be    the  first  to  receive  death,  in  order  to 
shew  my  fellow-patriots  how  a  republican  can  die!'* 
It  was  thus  that  tlie  gallant  Macauly  met  his  fate. 
Non  ille  pro  charis  amicis 
Aut  patria  timidus  pcrire." 
Ac-u  Banks.     Petitions  will   be  presented  to  the 
legislature  of  New-York,  at  its  present  session,  for 
the  est.abiishment  of  13  new  banks,  to  have,  jointly, 
a  capital  of  §13,300,000. 

Lead  ore.  Specimens  of  a  very  rich  lead  ore  have 
been  discovered  by  capt.  Foulk,  in  his  rambles, 
near  the  cantonment  of  our  troops  at  Rock  river. 
Season  in  IVe.it-Florida.  A  West-Florida  paper 
gives  the  following  animated  description  of  the 
present  season  of  that  place:  "Since  our  residence 
in  Louisiana,  we  do  not  recollect  to  have  seen  so 
fine  a  season  as  this  has  been  since  the  first  of  Sep- 
tember last.  It  is  nov/  the  21st  d.ay  of  December, 
and  we  have  not  yet  had  a  frost  that  would  kill  the 
cotton  plant,  nor  materially  injure  the  sugarcane. 
Our  gardens  are  yet  green;  roses  and  wild  jessa- 
mines blooming,  and  lillies  springing;  indeed,  all 
nature  presents  more  of  a  vernal  than  a  winter 
aspect." 

CoTTOs.  The  average  import  of  cotton  into  Li- 
verpool, for  eight  years — 1808  to  1815  inclusive, 
appears  to  have  been  188,762  packages. — greatest 
in  1810,  320,688;  least  in  1813,  143,000  packages. 
Stock  on  hand,  Jan.  1811,  estimated  at  138,000; 
December  1815,  60  to  65,000  p.^ck.iges.  The  week- 
ly out  goings  are  estimated  at  about  4000  package^ 
in  good  trade. 


bridgments   of  the  freedom  of  debatf;!)  will  cost  J terfercd  in  tho  dispute  between 


Prize  7nojiet/.  A  late  I^ondon  paper  observes — 
"It  must  strike  foreigners  witJi  astonishment  to  see, 
in  the  London  Gazette,  that  the  admiral  and  com-, 
mander's  share  of  prize  monev  for  the  captiU'C  of 
Java,  amounted  to  ,i6 109,981  14s.  Ihl-  each;  while 
Ihat  of  the  eighth  class  of  British  seamen  is  only 
£4  I  is.  7 id. 

Brazil.     Tlie  prince  regent  of  Brazil  having  in- 


t'he  whigs 


;  r.d  to- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— INTERESTING  SCRAPS. 


431 


ries  of  the  provinces  of  La  Plata,  and  aided  the 
latter — \lie  fo  mer,  having  reduced  the  oiher  to 
subinii^sion,  uppear  io  ii;ive  attacked  "his  royal  iiii^l)- 
ness,"  and  to  have  laid  'viJiin  his  own  governmeiu 
the  seeds  of  a  revolntion  that  may  throw  him  back 
to  Europe  aguin.  The  province  of  Uio  Janeiro  is 
said  to  be  in  a  state  of  revolt— an  army  of  Buenos 
Ayrean  patriots  backing  the  people.  Troops  were 
seu'ling  friim  Portugal  to  support  the  royal  Causc. 
■"l^egiiiniacy"  is  a  pliOit  that  will  not  flourish  in  the 
new  world. 

Irish  freedom  of  the  press  !  John  Magee,  printer, 
for  pub'lisiiing  certain  anim;.dversions  on  the  con- 
duct of  the  duke  of  Rivchmond  to  tlie  Catholics, 
-was  imprisoned  in  July  1813,  and  lieid  in  durance 
until  some  time  in  November  last — on  the  day  of  his 
release  he  eommenced  a  ne^a  term  of  imprisonment 
for  publishing  the  resolutions  of  a  meeting  of  Ca- 
tholics at  Kilkenny,  though  tlie  names  of  the  chair- 
man, secretary,  &c.  were  given  !  By  tlie  time  tiiis 
period  is  out,  some  new  otVence  will  have  occurred, 
and  "erniin'd  judges"  will  incarcerate  him  again, 
but  let  the  Irish  "rejoice" — (he  G'i/e//)A'«  reign. 

A  Vienna  paragi-apii  of  Nov.  2^),  mentions  that  a 
Tiuinber  of  papers  I'ave  been  seized  in  the  hands  of 
an  English  p.iysician,  among  which  was  a  corres- 
pondence between  raadame  Murat  and  the  princess 
of  Wales — madanie  Murat  lias  been  ordered  to 
Prague,  and  large  sums  of  money  in  her  possession 
have  been  seized. 

Tlie  Seven  Islands.  Late  London  papers  contain 
the  treaty  between  England  and  Russia,  by  which 
Corfu,  Cephuloni.',,  Zante,  Maura,  llhaca,  Cevigo, 
and  Paxo,  are  erected  into  a  free  and  independent 
sta'e,  and  plucetl  under  the  immediiite  and  exclu- 
sive protec'-ion  of  Great  Britain.  A  London  paper 
says,  on  tiiis  subject,  "Thanks  to  the  ability  of  our 
negoclators  for  thi.s  great  acquisition." 

A  Paris  paper  of  Nov  27,  says  that  six  lieutenant 
generals  and  lb  mareschaux  de  camp  have  been 
sent  to  the  Abbey — and  th.it  papers  found  in  the 
house  of  general  Bellaiid  threw  great  lignt  on  some 
li'eu-.on^ble  plans  imely  foimed,  &c. 

A  l^ontlon  puuer  says — We  learn  that  fifty  cases 
of  presents  h.ave  arrived  in  England,  on  their  way 
to  St.  Helena,  from  ihe  emperor  of  Russia  to  the 
ex-emperor  of  France. 

Bernauotte.  a  "restoration"  is  mentioned  be- 
low that  will  please  many  me;i.  Whatever  Bona- 
parte was — good  or  bad,  Bernadotte  owed  every 
thing  to  iiim,  and  ungratefully  abandoned  him  at 
his  greatest  need  : 

A  pamphlet  (observes  a  Lendon  paper)  lias  been 
recent:'.- pabii^iied  in  I'aris,  the  object  of  whici:  is 
to  recomraeiid  the  ejection  of  the  pie.sont  kingriud 
crown  prince  of  Sweden  and  tae  rc.-itor;ition  of  Gu.s- 
tavus  Adolphus.  The  .Morning'  Chrnnicle  similes,  on 
the  autlioiicy  of  what  is  cileu  "a  source  of  iiigh 
respectability,"  that  the  coiigress  of  Vienna  h.;d 
decreed  i!ie  restoraiion  of  lue  deposed  king,  and 
tiiat  tnis  decision  lias  been  subseq'ientiy  coaiirinetl 
by  the  assembly  of  the  gre..t  powers  at  Paris. 

British  Stocks,  December  15.  T;\ree  per  cent  con- 
sols 62  1-8 — do.  reduced  60.  Omnhmi  15. 

The  jn-ince  regent  lias  issued  a  Ha;iovcri:m  de-' 
crec,  enjoining  iiis  subjects  to  arrest  the  persons, 
if  tl)und  in  H^^nover,  coiulenmed  by  tlie  Frencn  law 
of  amnesty,  and  aUowing  those  banished  by  that 
law  lo  p.iss  through  Ids  dymiiiions,  if  furnislietl 
with  reguhu'  passports. 

The  diike  of  liic  e.ieu  declined  voting  on  the 
the  trial  of  marshal  Ney,  alleging  that  "iiuw  might 
acquit  the  marsh. d,"  :is  it  hatl  done  jsislicc  to  him- 
self,  wiio  was  twice  condemned  by  tiie  French  revo- 
ItittJQrrnry  tribwtajs,     Fo^ir  other  "pcf»rs  refused  to 


vote,  ap.d  tuurteen  voted  against  the  condemnation 


1  In  the  French  chamber  ofpeers,  (says  the  Colum- 
bian) on  the  lotii  December,  count  Fcrrand  made 
a  report  in  favor  of  the  project  of  a  law  relative  to 
prevotal  courts;  which  after  debate  was  adojited  by 
120  out  of  131  voters — this  law  gives  discretionary 
power  to  execute  the  will  of  tlie  ruling  party,  by  a 
summary  process!  "This  law"  s:iid  a  member,  "givsa 
a  death  hluiiy  to  the  institution  ofjuri/,-  impresses  on. 
Fi-ench  legislation  a  retrogade  march;  disannuls  tiie 
dearest  franchises  of  the  citizen;  impairs  tlie  ma- 
jesty of  tlie  throne  b)' a  rigour  which  is  neither  in 
the  intentions  nor  interests  of  the  monarch." 

Marshal  Soult,  who  was  under  surveillance,  was 
to  be  brought  to  trial.  The  s.ame  is  reported  of 
Missena. 

It  is  stated  that  the  emperor  of  Russia  has  order-- 
ed  all  the  Russian  troops  out  of  Poland.  This  is 
reallv  a  "deliverance." 

.^iarslial  JMoncey. — 'vVe  publislied  the  eloquent 
appeal  of  this  venerable  soldier  to  the  king  of  France,. 
in  our  last.  We  think  there  are  few  that  can  read 
it  with  indifference.  It  has  much  energy  of  ex- 
pression, with  not  a  little  of  the  "sublime  and  beau- 
tiful." How  emphatic  is  the  regret  he  expresses, 
that  "he  has  lived  too  long,  since  he  has  survived  the 
glorji  of  his  Cfiuvtrv!''^ 

JMacdonald,  the  son  of  a  Scotchman  who  adhered 
to  the  "legitimate"  prince  Charles,  called  by  the 
usurping  Guel/jhs  the  "pretender,"  it  is  said  intends 
lo  visit  tlie  country  of  his  ancestors. 

Roiialtii !  Tne  following  sentiments  wor2  recently 
expressed  by  the  first  judge  of  the  royal  court  of 
Paris,  M.  Sequiei-.  What  6/e.ssec/ ettccts  must  follow 
a  general  acquieicence  in  them! 

"All  avth  nitij  proceeds  from  God,  and  it  is  not 
given  to  the  people  to  dispose  nf  it. 

"In  Vain  pride  protests;  it  must  yield  to  the  law 
from  on  nigli,  which  after  all  our  fatilts  is  still  very 
mild. 

"Our  ancestors,  who  guarded  tijeir  franchises,  and 
cherished  tiieir  lihertu,  wiser  than  we,  recOLmizcd 
that  our  kings  reign  bij  the  grace  of  God  and  not  bv 
the  constitutions. 

"Legitimate  hereditary  sovereignty  guarantees 
the  repose  of  contemporaries,  and  of  posterity; 
usurped  authority,  epiiemeral  in  its  nature,  distiirbs 
social  order,  and  serves  .is  a  punishment  to  the-  people. 
"Tlie  m'm:irch,  image  of  the  Divinity,  does  not 
less  represent  this  subject,  tlian  a  father  represents 
his  children. 

"The  supremacy  of  botli  constitutes  the  csscn 
tially  natural  state.    Every  other  political  fjrm  is  a 
derogatijn  from  tlie  general   rule,  and  contains  a. 
priacipie  of  return  to  the  primordial  disoider." 

JLnuice  .Muigtirot,  accused  of  sedition  several 
years  ago,  aiid  sentenced  to  transportation  to  Bolanv 
bay  fii  fourteen  years,  lately  itietl  in  London,  at  tii'e 
age  of  TO. 

'l"he  prince  regent  of  England  is  saivl  to  hnve]-,ur- 
ciiased  l{ynap.irt-''s  carriage  c.;ptured  at  Waterloo, 
for  .jlOJ  guine.ts. 

Englisli  nniitia  ;u'e  -passing  to  Ireland,  and  Irish 
niilida  transferring  to  Engh.nJ.  DiviJd  and  com- 
niHiid. 

Si'Aix.  Every  acco-ant  from  Spai.i  represents  the 
country  as  in  an  unsettled  state.  Tiie  S[)aniards 
I'.aving  enjoyed  some  little  liberty  under  the  Cortes, 
and  hoping 


so  gailanily 
e.i 


for. 


it  thi.igs  from  tlic  f  )0i  tiicy  f  jugiit 
re  c.Mtreniely  de|)ressed  and  ui> 
■    illust:-i)iis  men  ;;re  in  duna.-enn,s 


y.     Tncir  mn__ ^..^ 

or  banislied,  and  terror  is  the  order  of  the  dav.  The 
monks  rule,  and  misery  follows  ;iU  that  they  do. — 
"Wretcliod  Spain — l)ut  ifthe people  c!iooso ta'adore' 


432    NILES-  WEEKLY  REGISTlliR— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  17,  1816. 


.1  thing  without  one  ray  of  gratitude  or  reason- 
one  particle  of  honesty  or  discretion,  so  be  it.  If 
they  h:ive  cause  to  'rejoice'  that  a  creature  so  sense- 
Jess  and  so  base,  is  "restored" — much  gootl  may  it 
do  them! 

What  a  burlesfjiie  It  is  on  common  sense  to  sup- 
pose tliat  so  perfect  an  ideot  as  Ferdinand,  or  so 
finished  a  madman  as  Geoi-g'e,  can  have  a  "divine 
rig'ht"  to  govern  millions  of  rational  men! 

"We  have  received  a  variety  of  accounts  from 
Spain,  by  the  Corunna  Packet,  indicative  only  of 
the  rapid  growth  of  despotism  and  degradation, 
blended  with  the  silent  murmurs  of  an  oppressed 
peojjle,  fully  sensiJjle  of  their  wrongs.  The  new 
court  instituted  by  Ferdinand  to  try  the  Ubi'rales 
proceeds  apace,  ftiiiz  Padron,  tlie  ■'lergymnn  who 
made  so  brilliant  and  solid  a  speecii  in  the  late 
Cortes  in  favor  of  the  abolition  of  the  inquisition, 
lias  been,  on  tliis  account,  condenmed  to  perpetual 
imprisonment;  J\[ariine:  tie  la  Rosa,  also  a  member 
of  tiie  late  Cortes,  to  ten  years  liard  labor,  and  /-o- 
pez,  generally  called  iU  Caja  da  Mnla^a,  to  the 
same  for  four  years;  but,  as  a  special  favor,  he  has 
been  allowed  to  commute h;s  punishmcr.t  for  a  sum 
of  money." — Lonrkn  Jil.  C/iron. 

Denmark,  it  is  said,  has  laid  claim  to  participate 
in  tli.c  spoliations  of  France,  for  the  maiutainance 
of  certain  French  troops  in  181)3. 

Liberty.  Even  IJrilisli — good,  loyal  British  news- 
papers, are  forbidden  in  Spain — it  is  a  sin  against 
the  "holy  o^^ce,"  infamously  so  called,  to  read  them, 
The  few  miscralile  gazettes  that  are  publlslied,  are 
under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  priests  and 
knaves  that  surround  tlie  throne. 

In  several  parts  of  France  the  people  are  com- 
pelled to  sluit  up  their  hou.ses  at  10  o'clock  at  night. 
At  Grenoble,  it  is  forbidden  to  go  out  afi  er  that  haur 
without  a  light.     Tlii;i  is  "didiverance," 

"Delivered"  Saxony,  Poland,  Genoa,  8cc.  mourn 
their  lost  power.  What  can  they  do?  The  "legit- 
mate"  congress  of  Vienna  lias  decided  annihila- 
tion to  all  that  oppose  them. 

Gohl.  It  has  been  intimated  tliat  prince  Mcttt-r- 
nich  received  no  less  than  four  millions  for  his  man;, 
services  in  the  court  of  the  emperoi-  of  Austria. — 
Tills  metal  is  more  powerful  than  lead  or  steel. — 
I'russian  bullets  or  bayonets  would  not  have  rout- 
ed Iionap;;rve  at  JVuterloo,  had  not  tlie  way  to  vic- 
tory been  purcliased  before  t)ie  fight  began,  though 
the  obstinate  valor  of  the  French  went  very  near  to 
break  the  bargain. 

Frcnrli  proscription.     Our  letters  from  Paris,  says 
the  London  Mornhig  Chronicle,    grows  evei-y  day 
more  and  more  gloomy.     In  the  chamber  of  clepu-j 
lies  a  secret   committee   was   formed,  in  whlcii  It  I 
was  actually  proposed:  ! 

1.  To  condemn  to  deatli  all  the  persons  wlio  had  1 
roted  for  the  death  of  Louis  XVI. 

2.  To  transport  all  t'aosc  w!io  had  accepted  plac- 
es under  tlic  usurpation;  and 

3.  To  banisli  fi-om  France  all  who  had  taken  the 
oath  to  tlie  constitution  of  May  hi^t. 

Tjiese  measures,  if  carried  into  execution,  vrould 
have  made  one  million  Jive  hundred  thousand  persona! 
'i'iiis,  thougli  proposed  by  some  of  the  most  exalted 
heads,  was  thoutiiit  a  little  too  extensive:  :ind  b\ 
anie:i.!mcnts,  the  pi-ojiositlons  have  been  softened 
down  so  as  to  take  in  only  aVout  a  million  of  hnmiin 
■  victims.' 

^">lii)T.t''ii  letter  lo  his  IJ'ife. — Home,  Bee.  2G.  The 
ollowing  letter,  wl.lch  Miirat  is  stated  to  have  writ- 
ten t(j  liis  wife  on  the  day  of  his  execution,  is  in 
cii-culation  here  and  at  N..ples.  We  do  not  how- 
evei',  venture  to  decide  on  its  authenticity,  as  seve- 
j-J  i;iternal  and  external  marks  render  it  doubtful. 


"  J\Iy  Dear  Caroline — My  last  hour  Is  come;  in  « 
few  moments  I  shall  have  ceased  to  live — You  will 
have  no  husband,  and  my  children  no  fatluT  more/ 
Think  on  me;  do  not  curse  my  memory;  I  die  in»., 
nocent.     My  life  is  stained  by  no  unjust  sentence. 

"  Farewell  my  Lei.i'I:i — Fai'ev/ell.  my  Lucien — 
Farewell,  my  Louisa  ! — Shew  yourselves  constantly 
worthy  of  me.  I  leave  you  without  estates  and 
kingdom,  among  my  numerous  enemies.  Remain 
always  united;  .shew  yourselves  superior  to  mis- 
fortune; .and  think  more  on  what  you  are  tlian  OQ 
what  you  were.  Cod  bless  you  !  Never  curse  my 
memory.  Recollect  that  the  bitterest  pain  that  I 
feel  in  my  last  moments  is  that  of  dving  f;tr  from 
my  children.  Receive  my  paternal  blessing,  my 
tears,  and  my  tender  embraces.  Never  forget  youp 
unhappy  father." 

Old  bank  notes. — After  a  lapse  of  91  years,  two 
bank  of  England  notes,  value  50£  eacii,  were,  on 
Thursd;iy  last  sent  into  the  b:ink  of  Eagtand  by  au 
eminent  banker,  dated  in  the  year  1724.  Tijcy  'ere 
found  in  a  box  belonging  to  an  old  farmer,  lately 
deceased,  in  the  west  of  Engh^,nd. 

[.[.lOndon  paper,  ,A''ov.  12, 

LoxDo?r,  Dec.  9. — The  Dutch  letters  say,  the  de- 
parture of  the  prince  of  Orange  for  St.  Pel  er.sburg', 
has  given  rise  to  much  interesting  speculation  on' 
the  future  luiion  of  Russian  interests  with  tiiose  of 
the  Xetlierlands,  and  'be  consequent  decline  of 
British  influence  in  thelaMer  quarter. 

An  article  from  Turin  gives  a  most  distressing 
account  of  the  attack  made  by  tlie  Tunisian  pirates 
at  St.  Autiocho.  !t  reflects  additional  disgrace  up- 
on the  maritime  powers  of  Europe  for  suffering  with 
impunity  these  lawless  vloLations  of  the  common 
rights  of  society. 

London,  December  10.  Thei  e  b,as  lately  been  a 
warm  dispute  between  the  duke  de  Berri  and  Mar- 
mont ;  Oudinot  WiS  present.  Il  is  said  to  have  ori- 
ginated in  some  expressions  used  by  the  duke,  to 
Marmont;  who  took  an  opportunity,  firmly,  but  re- 
spectfully, to  M'arn  bis  royal  highness  agalr;st  per- 
sisting  in  tliat  species  of  language,  and  manners, 
which  were  by  no  means  adapted  to  conciliate  the 
public  attachment  and  respect. 

From  the  London  Times  of  Dec.  15. — It  is  propos- 
ed to  banish  from  France  Sotdt,  Mix,  Exclcmans, 
Lci!nar(jite,  Vandumme.  and  one  or  two  other  gene- 
rals, besides  some  celebrated  non-military  revolu- 
tionists. Most  of  the  former,  we  understand,  are 
going  to  the  United  States  of  America,  and  what 
measures  tliey  may  there  devise  against  our  interest 
in  that  liemispliere,  it  behoves  our  government  well 
to  consider.  The  hatred  of  Soult,  in  particular, 
against  every  thing  English,  Is  unbounded,  and  he 
is,  Ueyond  dispute  the  most  skilful  of  the  French 
generals.  Would  it  not  be  a  prudent  step  on  oiu" 
part  to  demand  that  these  gentry  should  not  be  per- 
mitted to  go  to  America.^  There  are  plenty  of  whole- 
some, airy  Islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  where 
they  might  live  cpiite  as  comfljrtably  as  Savary  and 
Lallemand  at  Malta,  or  as  Bon;iparte  and  his  asso- 
ciates at  St.  Helena.  Any  safe  retirement  of  that 
khid  Mould  be  better  t'luin  hearing  of  them  in  a 
Twelvemonth  lience,  at  the  head  of  an  American 
armv,  invading  Canada!     ["  Queer  enoti^h.'"] 

Altona,  CDen.J  Dec.  10.  A  mcrcliant  vessel  ar- 
rived at  Kiel,  a  few  days  since  which  was  formerly 

destined  to  transport  Napoleon  to  America. A 

French  captain  who  had  miirrled  a  young  woman 
belonging  to  Holstelu,  had  conceived  the  jiroject 
of  saving  liini,  when  lie  was  at  Rochcfort.  To  thk 
effect  he  iiad  quilted  some  casks  on  the  inside,  in 
which  he  could  e.asilv  conceal  Bonaparte,  Savary 
and  Rertrand.     He  had"  pn  b«ard.  .tW  tb^  prov^sjort^ 


KILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS. 


43S 


Accessary  for  such  a  voyage,  destined  in  appeiir- 
ance  for  Kiel;  he  was  to  sail,  after  having'  gained 
the  high  seas,  directly  for  New  York.  I'lie  impa- 
tience, or  rather  the  fear  of  Bonap.irte,  which  made 
him  surrender  himself  to  the  English,  frustrate<l 
tills  plan.  On  the  return  of  this  \'essel  to  Kiel,  the 
casics  were  shovMi,  wliich  were  to  have  received  tlie 
fugitives  and  their  aids-de-camp. 


Capture  of  the  Syren. 

To  the   Editor  of  the  jVutional  Advocate. 

New-York,  Feb.  7,  1816.— Sth. — James  Eike, 
second  lieutenant  on  board  of  the  British  ship  of 
tvar  Cumberland,  has,  as  appears  by  the  London 
Times  oftiie  22d  October  last,  contradicted  a  state- 
ment made  by  me,  relative  to  the  treatment  of  the 
officers  and  crew  of  the  late  United  States'  brig  of 
war  Syren  while  prisoners. 

The  statement,  so  far  as  regards  the  treatment  of 
the  American  officers  and  men  while  on  board  thelf^n  statement  of  the  infamous  treatment  "we^recelv- 


Sacfcet's  Harbor,  Jan.  29,  1816. 

This  is  to  certify-,  that  I  was  on  bnard  the  late  \J. 
S.  brig  Syren  when  she  was  captured  by  the  British. 
ship  of  war  Medway,  and  that  the  statement  of  the 
infamous  treatment  we  received,  as  made  by  you, 
and  addressed  to  captain  Evans,  bearing  date  24th 
Aug.  1115,  is  correct.  L.  GERMAN, 

Lt.  U.  S.  navy. 
To  It.  N.  D.  Nicholson,  late  com. 

U.  S.  brig  Syren. 

U.  S.  ship  Independence,  Boston  Harbor 
Jan.  9,  1816. 
SiK — I  do  certify  that  I  was  on  board  the  late  17. 
S.  brig  Syren  at  the  time  of  her  capture  by  the  Bri- 
tish ship  Medway,  of  74  guns,  and  every  individual 
experienced  the  treatment  as  described  by  It.  Ni- 
cholson in  a  letter  addressed  to  captain  Evans,  of 
the  U.  S.  navy,  bearing  date  the  24th  Aug.  1815, 
and  that  the  said  statement  is  not  the  least  exagge- 
rated, but,  on  the  contrarj,  falls  short  of  giving  a 


Medway,  at  Simon  Town  and  at  the  Cape,  remains 
ap.contradicted  by  the  officers  of  the  Medway.  I 
Tuiglit  content  myself  by  publishing  the  certificates 
of  the  Syren's  officers,  but  must  indulge  in  tiie  re- 
mark, that  I  am  astonished  that  not  one  among  the 
AJedwav's  officers  could  be  found  of  sufficient  cou- 
rage to  second  lieutenant  Eike  in  iiis  refututioji,  and 
especially  too,  when  particularly  invited  by  one  of 
his  majesty's  officers.  Tiiis  act  of  cruelty  towards 
a  brother  I3ritisli  officer  can  only  be  accounted  for 
by  me,  thus:  that  no  one  individual  dare  to  contia- 
dict  the  facts  stated  by  me,  because  his  brother 
officers  would  know  that  he  thereby  subscribed  to 
an  untruth,  and  that  eacli  mast  liave  suspected  the 
secret  indignation  of  the  Cumberland's  olHccrs  to- 
wards Eike,  for  subscribing  to  that  wliich  their 
honor  forbid  them  fi'om  doing. 

Lieutenant  Eike  conceives  it  his  duty  to  refute  the 
statement,  because,  as  lie  says,  captain  Baker  was 
absent  If  captain  Biker  was  absent  from  London, 
can  lieutenant  Eike  induce  even  tlie  people  of  Lon- 
don to  believe  that  captain  Baker  eould  write  atmx 
«tiicr  place? 

_i  No,  sir,  you  may  rely,  his  absence  from  London 
was  not  the  cause  of  his  non-appearance.  Captain 
Baker  has  a  better  cause  than  ihat,  altiioug-li  his 
treatment  direct  and  permitted  to  the  American 
officers  and  men,  was  base  in  the  extreme;  yet  cap- 
tain Baker  would  not  be  willing  to  subscribe  to  a 
refutation  that  every  officer  and  man  on  board  his; 
ship  knew  to  be  TaLse,  Captain  Baker  left  tliat  du- 
ty to  be  performed  by  his  second  lieutenant. 

l.eutenant  Eike  h;is  assigned  no  reason  why  Mr. 
Ingraliam,  first  lieutenant  of  the  Cumberland,  has 
not  denied  my  statement,  and  I  will  assign  one  foi 
liiin.  Mr.  Ingraham  is  an  honorable  num.  and  a 
gentleman — hud  he  been  the  commanding  officer, 
no  Cause  of  complaint  would  have  existed. 

Althougli  every  circumstance  sU^ted  by  me  in 
niy  note  to  captain  Evans,  is  true  and  notorious  to 
every  officer  and  man,  both  American  and  British, 
CM  board  those  ships,  yet  lieut.  Eike's  denial  does 
not  surjM-ise  me;  for  tiie  man  wlio  is  so  depraved  as 
tb  treat  prisoners  in  the  manner  the  Americans  were 
treated  by  him  and  otliers  on  board  tiie  .Medway 
and  Cumberland,  or  who  would  permit  sucli  treat- 
Hieut,  is  tiie  fit  instrument  to  pervert  truth. 

Vou  will   please  lo  publisli  herewith  the  certifi- 
oflieuts.    Gcrin.iu    a:;d  Gordon,    and  that  of 


cnt 
Xho 


m.is  Waine,  esq.  purser  in  tlie  U.  S.  navy. 
I  am,  sir,  yours,  S;c. 

N.  D.  NICHOLSON, 
tA.  U.  S.  npAjj  and  laie  coni'r  uf  ihj  Syren. 


ed.     I  am,  sir,  very  respectfullv,  your  most  obed't 
serv't,  W.  L.  GORDON, 

Lt.  U.  S.  navy. 
To  It.  N.  D.  Nicliolson,  late  com. 
U.  S.  brig  Syren. 

J\i'exo-York,  Jan  29,  1816. 
Dear  Sir — In  answer  to  your  note  of  the  26tli  inst. 
I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying,  that  your  statement 
respecting  the  treatment  of  the  crew  of  tlie  late  U. 
S.  brig  Syren,  after  ca]>ture,by  the  British  sliip  Med- 
way, 74,  is  perfectly  correct.  I  have  the  honor  to 
be,  respccifuU},  your  obed't  serv't, 

THQ'S  WAINE, 
A*.  D.  JKicholsoii.  esq. 


CONGRESS. 

SENATE. 

February  5.— Mr.  Varntim.  from  a  select  conimllifp,  rejwrted  u 
bill  fiiit!iiii-i%iii^  tile  woikiii);  ot  copper  iiiim  s  uii  L;ikt-  Supeiiur, 
and  loi- otiitr  piirposi  s;  wliicli  passt-d  to  astcuiid  rt.^clillg. 

Mr.  SaiiJ'urd  iiitiodiiced  a  bill,  leave  being  givrii,  concerning 
ctrtain  courts  in  New-York,  wliicli  py»sed  w  a  second  reading. 

Mr.  Morrutv,  Ironi  ilie  coniniittee  on  so  niiicli  of  the  prt»ident'» 
rnessaRe  as  rclati  s  to  roads  and  canals,  rcporieil  the  followinjj  bill, 
inakiiij^  appropriation  liir  the  coiisiriittion  of  roads  and  canals; — 
winch  was  passeil  Xn  h  second  reading: — 

Ee  it  eiuicterJ.  c^c.   That  the  aiiiiUal  snni  of dollars  be^^ 

and  tile  same  is  hereby  appropriated  tor  the  purpose  of  constitut- 
ing a  fmui,  tor  iiiaUiiig  artificial  roivls,  and  opening  canals;  \Nhioh 
annual  snnishidl  beset  apHrt,  and  intariabl)  pledged  asa  liindfof 
the  purpose  aiine^iid,  and  tor  no  ollur  nscor  purpose  whatsoex  r; 
ajid  the  same  sliall  be  pbicrd,  and  held  nnil<  r  the  special  charge 
and  direction  of  the  secrftary  of  the  treasury,  for  the  lime  heijig-s 
F''uvu/ed,  '1  liat  nothing  Inn  in  contained  shall  be  construid  ta 
prevent  congress  from  suspeiiiling  Uiis  apprnpi  i-ition  during  a  slnlc 
ot  war  with  any  loivign  power,  in  wliich  ilie  United  Statts  inaj  he 
engaged. 

Sic.  :i.  And  be  it  further  en  lieiK  That  whenever  congress  slialf, 
by  law,  authorise  a  subscii|iiloii  to  li^niade  for  shares  ot  the  stociv' 
of  any  company  incnrporaied,  tor  making  artificial  roads  or  carals, 
and  a  subsciiptiun  coniorinable  then  to  shall  have  heen  made  on 
behalf  o!  l!ie  United  Slates,  all  ojonlrs  wliich  shall  become  due 
according  to  the  provisions  or  ^uch  acts,  on  the  shares  of  stock 
holdeii  by  the  United  Slates,  siiali  be  paid  eut  of  the  aforcoa.il 
fund. 

Sec.  3.  And  he  it  Jurtlicr  enacted.  That  all  dividends  or  profit"; 
v.)iiih  shall  accru:  ironi  the  sliaivs  ot'  sioi  k  holclen  hy  the  tnit»<l 
States,  shall  be  received  by  tlu  »Jiid  Sfcra^nu  and  sliall  by  him  bi; 
paid  into  tin  said  fund,  and  be  come  part  then  oti 

See.  4.  And  he  t.  further  eudc'rd,  'lliat  itsh.iil  be  thednly  of  the 
said  SI  creti-ry,  to  n.ake  to  congrrss,  at  eie.-'i  s^^»ion,a  ivjiort  on  the 
stiile  Oi  the  said  fund,  with  llie  i.\prudilnri  s  and  nceipii,  toge-- 
th'  r  W[(h  tht^  stale  ot  the  work  un  alt  roads  and  canals,  in  the  C(ni- 
Miucii.jn  ol  which  the  LIuiteU  Stales  Have  bttoaic  coiicerutd,  in 
the  niim.ie:'  »i<ir<said. 

Mr  Morrew.  from  the  same  committee,  reported  a  bill  to  »n- 
ihorl-e  tin  secr.iiiry  ot  th':  trraitny  to  suli'.cribe  liir  shares  iit 

til.   L  li.  sapeaive  and  Uv  lawiue  canal  stock;  wliich  passed  to  a  se- 
cond iva<iing- 

I'lie  senate  rrsuni!  d  the  consideration  of  the  hill  to  coiitinne  in 
force  tlu  act  laying  :•,  diitj  on  inipo.ted  salt.  iStc.and  ou  the  qins- 
ion  whether  the  biilsSioulil  be  read  a  third  time,  ll  was  decided  in 
he  a!iir!ii:,tivt.  as  lol.uws— 

YEAS— Messrs.  Buiry,  Uibh,  Brown,  Campbell.  ChacP,  Conriit, 
Gaiilaid.Il<..r-.'v   Iinweij^Hn-t' i.  King.  Licoc!;,  ^I.e.toi.  X.  H,  Ma- 


434      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FPBRUARY  17,  1816. 


son,  Va.  Morrow,  Riigg^les,  Sanford,  Talbot,  Tait,  Taylor,  Wi^ils, 
Wi'liams,  Wilson— 23. 

NAYS— Messis  Goldsborough,  Macon,  ThompstHi,  Ticlicjioi-, 
Tiinier,  Variiuni— 6. 

fe'iruanj  7.— Mr.  Dngp;ett '^tyvft-ntui  the  pititioii  of  H.mitio  Ai- 
Jen  &  Co.  of  Conueclieiit,  pmyiuq:  eornpensntion  for  a     n.i  kt  .4' 
vessels  destroyed  by  tlie  enemy  at  Pettipaug,  &c.  in  Ai>ril,  1814 
llefivreH. 

Mr.  Campbell,  from  the  committee  on  (iinnce  ami  an  umtbrni 
liaiijiial  eiurency.  suhrnittei!  thefiitluwing  nuitiou  toreonsirt  r:iii.  j.: 

Resolved,  1  hat  the  stcretary  o1  thetrtasiuy  h'-,  and  he  is  her>  b_\ 
directeil  to  useertain,  ami  cause  to  he  laid  bvlbre  th"  si  iiiite,  a 
Stat  ment  exhiliitliie;  the,  aetnal  condition  of  the  ^evf  r.il  incorpora- 
ted banks  within  the  District  of  Columbia,  on  th<  first  ilaj  of  J;i- 
iiuary,  I:  6,  specifjiiig  the  actual  and  auiliorised  amount  of  tie  ir 
capiul  stock,  the  amount  of  specie,  and  the  amount  o'fht  hills  oi 
rot'S  of  othir  banks,  in  their  v-,iults;  the  ainountof  d-bts  dU'  to, 
and  of  notes  or  Itills  in  circulation  of  each  lianK. 

i  he  bill  from  the  house  to  contii.uein  fore- the  actJayingaduty 
on  imported  sail,  was  r(-ad  a  ihii-d  time  ami  passed. 

Thii  bill  coiiCH-iiii.K  certain  courts  iu  the  state  of  New-York,  was 
ord.  red  to  a  ihiid  reaaing. 

The  b  11  authorising  the  opening  and  working  certain  copper 
mines  near  Lake  Superior,  was  read  tlie  second  tiiue. 

The  bill  autliorisiiig  the  s'  en  tary  of  the  treasury  to  suViscribe  for 

shares  in  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  canal  stock,  was  read 

the  second  li.i.i-. 

The  bill  ftuth-  r  providing  for  the  library  of  congress,  was  ordered 
to  he  engros8e«l  lor  a  lliird  reading. 

The  amendments  of  the  house  to  the  senate's  bill  concerning 
tlie  convention  of  commerce  with  Grrat  Britain,  were  referred,  on 
laotioii  of  Mr.  BU)'',  to  th-  comuiittee  on  foreign  relations. 

Mr.  Gatdslicrough  submitted  the  foUowi.ig  motion  for  considera- 
tion— 

-  Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  the  navy  he  directed  to  lay  before 
the  senate,  copies  of  all  the  correspondence  he  may  have  had  with 
the  prize  agent,  the  navy  agent  at  N.  York,  and  other  pirsons,  ri-la- 
ti\c  to  the  ship  Cjane,  captured  by  the  United  States  frigite  Con- 
s:iti;tion;  and  that  he  furnish  copies  of  ceriificatf-s  of  the  valuation 
of  tlie  dirtVrent  priises  brought  into  tbi-  Unit-d  States  by  the  ships 
of  uar,  and  taken  into  the  service  ot  tlif  Uniti-d  Slates;  with  a 
stJti  me:it  of  tlirir  actual  liirce  when  captured. 

Febiuurtj  6.— Tlie  resolution  submitted  by  .Mr.  Goldsboroiigh  yes- 
terday, was  to-day  consideri  d  and  passed. 

Mr.    Varnujii  submitted  the  following  motion  for   coi.sidera- 
tion— 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  to  whooi  was  referred  that  part  of 
the  prcsilent's  inesiage  which  relates  to  finance,  and  a:i  uniforui 


cock,  Macon,  ;.!  i:  ,ii.  of  Va.  Morrow.  Roberts,  Unggl.  s,  Tait,  Tayj- 
lor,  Vaijiiim.  Williams,  ^^ilsoll — 15. 

■rigniiist  ((—Messrs  Biu'nur,  Harry,  Brown,  CJiac. .  D.iggettt 
F.oiiuiilii,.  Gai.'huil.  Gold-o<i,Mi.gii.  Harp  r,  HoiS' y,  .How<ll,Hun- 
t  r,  King.  M:,so:.,  of  N.  H.  Talbot.  TliDiBpsou,  Ticheoor,  Turner 
W'l-lls— 19.  ' 

I'he  anil  ndioeot  w  is  m-g.itlved. 

Oil  •notion  I.J  ..Ir.  iiib'i,  lo  agnetothe  ren;aind."r  of  the  ameHii* 
meiits,  viz.  tostriia  out  thewhoh  of  the  senate's  lull,  and  insert  in 
lieu  thrr.of  tile  original  iiil;  of  ili-  house  of  representatives,  there 
w  ri 

For  t/iis  amendment— M  ssrs.  Kibb,  Cairpb-ll,  Condit,  Lacock, 
Macon,  Mason,  of  Va.  Morrow,  Koberls,  Ruggis,  Varnum,  WU- 
soii — 11. 

Against  e7— Ml  Sirs.  Bar'  nnr.  Banv.  Brown,  Chac  •,  Digg  tt,  Da- 
na, I'roiii-itin.  Gaillai't,  t;.>ldsi  nmiigh,  H:  rper,  Hoio  v,  Hnwell, 
Huin-r,  King,  iMas.iu,  oi  .\.  H.  labu.t,  Tait,  Tayinr.  Thompson, 
rich  nor.  Turn  r,  \V.  lis,  Williams— 23. 

So  till  senate  di^agri  e-.l  m  all  (lie  amendments  of  t!ie  house  of  re- 
presentatires— [and  the  two  houses  arc  fully  at  issue  on  this  ita- 
poi'tant  siihj.'ct.] 

h'e'iriianj  13—  I'he  S'  nate  were  prii.cipally  tvgaged  on  the  hill  tO'- 
pa)  Inr  pi-i.perty  lost,  captor  il  and  destrojed  during  thelati   war; 
r  sp-^ctiiig  which  tlure  is  much  diversitj  of  opinion. 

The  presidmt  eoMiinuiiicated  to  the  senate  a  report  from  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  on  tU- subject  of  a  general  tariffof  duties 
on  imports. 

Mr.  T'7^^  from  the  committee  on  nav,tl  affairs,  reported  a  hill  for 
the  ri-li<  fof  lient.  col.  Win.  Liwrence,  a  id  tli.  garrison  of  fort  Bow- 
yer,  in  '^     ;  which  was  passed  (oa  second  r-r'a.ling. 

Hi:  Campbell  laid  hf-fori  the  stnate  the  resolutions  of  the  1-gis. 
Jature  of  Tennessee, re,|'  ctii.g  the  amendments  to  theconstitiitiftn 
of  the  Ui.iti-d  States,  propos -d  I  y  M  jssachuseits  and  Coniiecticiit. 

Mr.  Barbour,  frnm  the  military  comn.itt  e,  inadea  r'-port  mi  the 
memorial  of  the  K  ntiicky  li  gi^l^ture,  niative  to  provision  for 
the  widows  and  orphans  o'  niili  ii  wlio  died  in  ssrvice,  &c.  The 
report  stattd  facts  only,  .iiid  e  nhraci.d  no  opiniim  on  the  subject, 
and  was  ordi-rfd  to  iieon  tli.' labl  •. 

The  senate  resmii.  (!  th.  con.iib  ration  of  the  bill  to  anthoris  ■  the 
paynunt  for  propi  rty  in  the  seiTlce  of  the  Unitut  States  w  hicli  vi»% 
lost,  captured  or  .esiroyed  by  the  enemy  m  the  hit- war— consider- 
able discussion  took  place,  but  no  decision  was  had. 

HOUSE   OF    Hr^PIiESENr    TI  i  ES. 

Friday,  Feb.  9,  Mr.  Ward,  of  M...ss.  .svibmitted  for 
consiileivttion  till   fo    o-vinsj  resolutions  r 

Resolved,  'Ih^i  all  duties,  imposts  and  excises  laiil  by  congrew 


iiatil.i.Hl  cun-ency,  be'lustrncfd  to  enquire  into  th-  expi  dieiicy  of !  ought  i.otoiily  In  belaid  unifirmly  throughout  the  United  States, 
-  ■    •■  •      ■  tlie  '  aS''*''!>'>'y  lol'i'  Pr'^''*'"'' ""  '"'-■onstitution,  but  ought  to  be  coi- 


light 
Itcted  ii;  all  pinsut  the  Liiited  States  in  the  same  currency,  or  iu 
currencies  •ijnivaleut  i)i  value. 

Resolved.  That  the  s'cri  tary  of  the  tivasuiy  beiastructed  to  r8» 
ceive,  alone,  in  paynent  of  duties,  imposts  and  excises  and  debt* 
due  to  tlie  Unit^-d  Stat-s,  gold,  silver  a  id  copper  coin,  treasury 
notes,  and  thr  noti  s  of  such  btnksas  pay  sp  cit  for  tin  ir  bills,  £» 
eepti-g  in  cases  in  which  it  is  otherwise  provided  by  law. 

.^Ir.  Ward  bi'iefly  d.'^-ngncd  his  reasons  fur  offering 
these  -rnp-.sltior.s,  whicii  '.vill  be  found  concisely  and 
cle  -.I'.y  staved  in  Die  iirsv  ot  the  above  resohitions. 

Mr.  Smiui,  of  Md.  rose  io  speak — but,  on  motion 
of  .Mr.  Tucker,  liie  resolutions  were  laid  on  thft 
table  for  thi  present. 

Mr.  Randolph  submitted  for  consideration  his" 
promised  motion  for  an  enqtiiry  into  tlie  constitu- 
tionality of  the  appoin[n;ent  of  genenii  Porler, 
which  afte;-  along- tie bi.te,  was  modified  and  agreed 
t  •  i:     .'e  foUoNving  wortls  : 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  fnqnire  whether  llls! 
,  avpointmeiit  lo.  and  acceptance  lij  th    hoii.  P  t^r  B.  Port  r.  late  a 

The  senate  tlien  resiimvd  the  cousid  'ration  of  the  ame.jdinents  |  nu-mher  of  thi-.  hotis-,rroin  th«  slate  of  Nw-Yurk.ol  theotfic'e  of 
of  the  iiouie  of  repre»•■lltali^e^  lo  tU'  bdi   coiiceiiiiiig  tie   cnnven- 
tion  to  regulate  thcconiUiLree  bit  ween  the  teiriloiirs  of  tiie  Uiiitid 
States  and  his  Britannic  majesty. 

Cuiisldeiable  debate  took  place  on  the  snlijecf,  various  looditica- 
tlons  Were  soijgesud  to  tli<  aiotiidini  nis,  by  those  who  xvere  not 
disposed  to  ri  fuse  to  Irgisl.ite  at  sll  on  lln- subject. 

A  motion  was  mad;-  Oy  Mr.  Kiir;  to  po-.tiione  th-  furiher  eonsi- 
drrationof  tiie  anieiidmeiUsaiin  lli  ■  bill  iiideiiiiit-ly.  Afterdebate, 
the  question  o.i  tile  motion  was  d.  cided  as  follows:  _  „    . 

For  t/ie  p'urpoj'-ement  {or  e- /'.■■f-i;;i;— Messrs.   Barbour,   Brown,    tions  of  tiiC  COrtimiUee  of  Wavs    and    means. 

S:^l?;^r;?u:::i;"irS- H!w:ni:i^l:X'n^  .  '''''?  Propo^iuc^i,  respecting- the  duty  on  distilla- 

jior.  I'miur-.r.  i '^'"'i  (lo  repe.il  the  (hitv   on  the  qiianlily  of  spirits 

.'!;;r:;)ibf'r— Messrs.  Barry,  Bibb.  CampV'II.Ciimlit.  Da 
I.icotk,  Macon,  Masoii,  of  Va.  M timw,  liiilurls,  Ru 
'i'aylor,  Vaniuni,  V/ells,  Williams,  Wilson— IS. 

Tlie  furllierconsidi  ration  o!  the  bill  was  then  jiostponed.  The 
senate  adjoui  iitd  t.i  lloiiilaj 


lining  the  payment  of  all  taxes  and  other  monies  due  to 
United  Slates,  to  s;M'cie,  treasury  notes,  and  the  notes  of  such  banks 
as  I'.ie  in  the  practice  of  redeeming  tluir  notes  with  specie. 

Tlie  liilli  finther  providing  fur  the  library  of  coiigsess,  and  the 
bill  resjiecting  c  rtaiu  courts  in  New-York,  were  severally  read 
the  third  lime  and  passed. 

Tlie  bill  providing  for  the  payment  of  property  lost,  captin'ed 
or  uestroyej  daniig  the  late  war,  was  some  time  under  the  consi- 
deralion  of  the  senate,  and  then  postponed  to  Monday  next. 

Mr.  Bib'),  from  the  comaiittec  on  foreign  relations,  npurted  the 
bill  respecting  the  cnmiiierci.il  coiivejition,  with  the  amendments 
thereto,  made  I'y  the  house,  without  aniendinent. 

ilie  resoliUioii  subniitted  by  Mr.  Cainhheil,  r'-sp  cling  the  hanks 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  was  taken  up  an. I  i^isstd. 

Febniarij  9.— The  seriate  resumed  thecensideralion  of  the  bill  to 
reward  th<-ofIicfrs  and  creW'  of  tlu-  lat'-  U.  S.  brig  Argus  (for  s- r- 
vices  prior  to  her  capture  by  the  late  enemy)— and,  on  niotion  of 
Mr.  7'ft7,  tlie  bill  was  postponed  to  the  first  -Monday  in  July  next 
(itiiiivaleiit  to  rtjectlon  ) 

Fur /joj'pouc'j/joi!'— Messrs.  Bibb,  Gaillard,  King,  Lucock,  Macon, 
INlasoii,  N.  H.  Morrow,  Rnbi  rts.  Roggies,  I'althit,  I'ait,  Tajlor, 
Thompson,  Turner,  Vamuni,  Wilis,  Willi,ims,  Wilson— 1  . 

Agaitiit  posfpo^ieme' t—l^lviii's.  Barry,  Brown,  Cliice,  Condit, 
Dai'gett,  Dana.  Fionientiii,  Goldiliorougb,  Harper  Horsey,  How- 
til.  Masiiii,  of  Va.  Sanford,  rieln  nor     iJ. 


com(m>sioMrr  under  the  lat'  treaty  ai  Ghent,  is  in  contravention  of 
the  constitution  ol  tin-  United  States. 

[The  resolution  w„s  tliscussed  at  considerable 
le.igtli — but  it  n-as  fufilly  agreed  to  raise  a  com- 
mit lee  for  the  puq^oses  mentioned.] 

The  house  then  resumed  the  consideration  in  the 
committee  of  the  whole  on  the  remaining  priposi- 


lana.  Harper,  I  distilled,  aud  to  add   I'OU  per  Cent    to  the  present 
aggies,  i-i't,  n_^^  (,„  ^,,g  cap;.city  of  the  stiil)  first  erne  up. 


lejniury  iC— 'I'he  seiiiite  resumed  the  coiuiiK ration  of  the 
aUiendioents  of  the  bouse  of  represente.tivts  to  the  bill  cnnc-rning 
t!u;  convention  cf  tonimerce  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
iiiitani. 

On  motion  of  ^\\:Ell)b,  to  agree  to  the  first  amendment,  viz.  to 
s;rU;u  out  the  wurJi,  "and  itedind^''  from  the  en.ic!iiig  ciaiue  nf 
t'.;:-  iiifi. io  as  to  maKC  the  bill  active  instead  of  dcclaiatoiy  ;    tile 
niirslion  was  decided  as  foil. .w^: 
-  /WtV': ''.'•■!'  •.'/•f.nr-M.jsrs.  Bibb,  Csrapbell,  Cotjdit,  Dana,  tv 


V.rioiis   proposi'ions   at   amendmeni,    &c    were 
made.     But  an  adjournment  was  had  wititout  decid- 


ing upon  the  iTu.in  cfuc.^tion. 

S.;tiir,l,:y,  Ffb.  10.     On  motion  of  Afr.  Root, 

Resolved.^  fli-.tt  tie  committee  on  the  copper  coin  be  instructed 
to.  I. (pule  into  tlie  e\p.  lirney  of  iiicn-asine:  the  alloy,  or  reducing 
the  Weight  of  the  small  silver'coins  of  tin  United  Stat  s. 

'1  ..oil -e  '.iicn  ic.u.i.;. '.:  uc  consi  :e.  aiiou  of  the 
report  of  the  committee  of  wavs  ami  means,  be-. 


NILES*  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CONGRESS. 


Ing  the   seventh   resohition  thereof,   as    amended 
by  tlie  committee  of  the  whole  house,  as  follows: 

Hesolverl,  That  it  isexpi'flient  to  repeal  the  act  to  provide  addi- 
tional ri'veiiues  for  dflVayiiiK  the  expellees  of  the  Rovernnieiit 
and  maintaining  th'  pubiie  cr.lit,by  laying  duties  on  ipiriudistilI'Ml 
within  the  United  iStaies  and  ihe  t  rritories  thereof,  and  by  amend- 
iugthf  act  layini;  duties  on  licenses  to  distill  rs  of  spirituous  liquors, 
passrd  or^  the  Nst  of  Oecenib<'r,  181 1,  excepting  only  the  (5ih, 
18th,  ISth  and  24th  sections  thereof,  from  and  after  the  first  diy  of 
April  next,  u:id  tro^n  tlie  sain»  day  l)  add  SO  per  cent  to  the  amount 
of  the  duty  which  all  stills  now  suiij-ct  to  duty  are  liable  to  pay  ; 
and  that  tite  act  iwiposint?duties  on  licenses  to  distillej-s  be  so  amend- 
ed that  licences  granted  for  p-riods  ol  tim^  les*  than  a  yewr,  shall 
be  paid  for  in  proportion  to  the  time  for  which  they  are  granted. 

On  the  adoption  of  liiis  resoUitioa  tlie  question 
^vas  decided  in  the  affirmative  by  yeas  and  nays, 
without  further  debate,  as  follows  : 

For  the  resolution  105 

Against  it  37 

The  house  then  proceeded  to  the  consideration  of 
the  ninth  resolution  reported  by  the  committee  of 
Ways  and  means,  as  follows  : 

Resolved,  That  it  is  "xpedient  to  repeal  the  act  entitled  "an  act 
to  provide  additional  revenues  for  defraying  the  ex|K-ntes  of  go- 
vernment and  maintaining  the  public  credit,  by  laying  di:ties  on 
household  furniture  and  gold  and  silver  watches,"  passed  on  the 
18tb  of  January,  1815. 

Mr.  Jackson,  of  Va.  moved  to  amend  the  reso- 
lution so  as  to  make  it  read  as  follows  :  "Resolved, 
That  it  is  expedient  to  continue  the  act  laying-  du- 
ties on  household  furniture  and  gold  .and  silver 
watclies  ;  and  so  to  amend  the  s:dd  act  as  to  insure 
the  faithfid  execution  thereof,  and  to  guard  againsi 
its  violation,  by  specifying  the  articles  liable  to 
taxation  and  the  amount  to  be  levied  on  each  arti- 
cle, or  by  requesting  a  valuation  to  be  made  by  tlic 
owner  on  oatli." 

-Mr.  /«rA-son  supported  liis  proposition  by  a  pret- 
ty g-eneral  examination  of  the  subject,  and  it  pro- 
duced considerable  debate.  The  repeal  of  the  tax 
V'as  cltietty  supported  on  its  failure  to  produce  the 
expected  revenue,  its  «fhole  product  amounting  on- 
ly to  75,U00  dollars. 

The  question  on  the  motion  to  amend  was  taken 
by  yeas  and  nays,  and  decided  in  the  negative  as 
follows  : 

YE \S. -Messrs.  Alexander,  Baker,  Barbour,  Bateman,  Bennett, 
Blount,  Brooks,  Bryan,  Burwell,  Caldw  II,  Calhiiun,  Camion, 
Clark,  N.  C.  Clark,  liy.  CoMistock,  Coii  lit,  Crawlbnl,  Darli:  gtu.i, 
Desha,  Kdwards.  Goo<lwyii,Grifl]n.H;.ll,  Ilar'in,  Ha«es.  H  uilei- 
son,  Hiig-r,  Hungerlnrd,  Irwin,  F....Tack>.oit,  .lohnson,  Ky.  K>-rr,  Va. 
Kiiig,  N.  C.  I.ove,  Lumpkin,  L)le,  Ljon.Maclay,  .Majiant,  JNICoy, 
M'Tiee,  M'Lcan,  K.Nelson,  Va.  Ocirisiiy,  Pttkins,  Piper,  Piias;iiils, 
Powell,  Ko^nc,  Rubertson,  Ross,  Sharji,  Siuith,  Va.  Soutli  ird,  Taul, 
Taybr,  S.  C.  Tel.air.  Thom^-.s,  Tuckir,  Ward,  N.  Y.  Williams, 
■Wiilougli'.y,  Wright,  Y.incey— 0-4. 

N  AYS.— M.  ssrs.  Aieiw,  Athirton,  Baer.  Basset,  Baylies,  Belts, 
Ross,  Br.i.ibury,  Brtck  aride,  lirigha'i;.  Brown.  Burosidc.  Cady, 
Cliampion,  Chappell,  Cill>-y,  <.  laytori,  Cieiideiin.  ii,  Conner, 
Cooper.  Civigiitoii.  Cu!i)''pper,  Cut'i'xrt,  DHVcnpcut,  Forney,  Kor- 
syth-,  Gnston,  G.;ld,  G,/li!>(inio;ig:i,  Grnsvenor,  Halm,  Hale,  Hiirt- 
mniid,  Hjtison.  Hopki:ison,  Hiilir.rt,  liigham,lrvi..g,  N.  Y.  Jtwett, 
Kent,  Ki'ig.  Muss.  Lti!^ don.  Law.  L  wis,  Luvett.  Lownd.  s,  Mason, 
Middleton,  M  IK,  Milnor,  Monr-,  S.  C.  Mnsely,  N-.lson,  Mass  New- 
ton, Noyes.  I'arris,  Pickerin>;.  Pitkin,  Randolph,  R;  ed.  Rice,  Root. 
Rnggles,  Snrgeant,  .Savage,  Scheiick,  biieffey,  Smith,  Pa.  Smith. 
Md.  Stanford,  Stearns,  Strong,  Stiitnt,  Sturges,  Taggart,  Taylor, 
N.  Y.  'Ihroop,  Vose,  Ward,  Ms.  Ward,  X.  J.  Webster.  Weudover, 
Wh.  atoii,  Wilcox,  Wilde,  WiUin,  Thus.  Wilson,  Wni.  Wilson, 
Woodward,  Yates— 9^. 

The  report  of  the  select  committee  of  a  resolu- 
tion fur  the  relief  of  commodore  llodgers,  was  then 
taken  up  in  c^immittee  of  the  wuole,  and  ordered  to 
be  engrossed  for  a  third  rcadivig. 

Monday,  Feb.  12. — On  motion  of  Mr.  Cadn  of  N. 
Y.  tiie  secretary  of  the  treasury  was  directed  to  re- 
port to  this  house,  what  addition.s,  if  any,  have 
been  made  to  the  funded  public  debt  and  to  the 
flo.vJng  public  debt,  since  the  30tU  day  of  Septem- 
ber last. 

The  resolution  expressive  of  the  sense  of  con- 
gress of  the  galLantry  of  captain  James  Biddle,  the 
officers  and  crew  of  tlie  liornct;  .and  a  similar  re- 
sfilution  respecting  captain  Charles  Stewart,  :did 
tlte  oflicws  aadciHJv,-  oft^io  C'jistitGtioj^j  fm-  tfitir 


435 

last  victory,  passed  through  a  committee  of  the 
whole,  and  were  severally  ordered,  nem.  con.  to  be 
engrossed  and  read  a  third  time. 

The  bill  for  rewarding  the  officers  and  crew  of  the 
Hornet  for  the  capture  and  destruction  of  tlie  Bri- 
tish sloop  of  war  Penguin,  passed  through  a  com- 
miitee  of  the  whole.  The  blank  was  i'illed  with 
335,000,  being  the  .amount  allowed  hi  former  cases; 
and  the  bill  ordered  to  be  engrossed  for  a  third 
reading.  [Both  these  were  passed  next  dav,  nem.con.'^ 

The  iiouse  resolved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the 
whole,  Mr.  Condit  in  the  chair,  on  the  bill  for  the 
relief  of  certain  refugees  from  the  British  provin- 
ces during  the  late  war. 

Several  papers  were  read  respecting  their  merits 
.and  services,  among  which  was  a  very  itron"- tes- 
timony to  tkeir  merits,  he.  from  gen.  Porterj'^late- 
ly  a  member  of  this  house. 

This  bill  gave  rise  to  a  rather  .animated  debate, 
in  whicli  the  claim  of  the  petitioners  to  indemnity 
or  comjjensation  was  sustained  bv  Mr.  TJiroop,  Mr 
Yites,  Mr.  Wright,  Mr.  Gold,  and  Mr.  Joimson  of 
Ky;  and  opposed  by  Messrs.  Hulbert,  Webster  and 
Brooks. 

Tins  case  has  been  fidly  presented  to  otir  readers 
in  the  shape  of  the  petition  of  the  committee  on 
behalf  of  these  sufferers.  Tlieir  cl.aim  is  precise- 
ly of  a  character,  as  the  reporter  imderstands  it, 
with  that  for  which  ample  provision  was  made  at 
the  close  of  the  revolutionary  w.ar.  Thcv  were 
■t.itives  of  tiiis  country,  and,  on  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war,  preferred  ranging  themselves  imder  the 
jauners  of  their  native  country,  than  tliatto  wiiich, 
for  purposes  of  business,  they  had  assumed  a  tern' 
porary  allegiance. 

The  opponents  of  the  bill  (which  proposes  to 
compcn.sate  the  clahnants'  losses  by  donations  of 
land)  oppose  it  as  rewarding  tre.jcherv,  as  poiseu 
ing  the  fountains  of  morality,  and  use' those  reiic- 
ral  expressions  of  dislike,  '.and  even  detestation, 
which  such  a  bill  is  likely  to  call  forth  from  those 
who  view  it  in  so  odious  a  light. 

Tlie  bill  was  not  decided  on;  but,  on  motion  of 
Mr.  Johnson,  laid  on  the  table. 

The  committee  then  proceeded  to  the  conside- 
rationof  another  bill,  making  further  provision  for 
the  widows  and  orphans  of  tliose  who  llU  hi  the 
late  war. 

Tue iiouse  were  occupied  on  this  subject  till  the 
usual  hour  of  adjournment. 

Tuesday,  Feb.  IJ. — .Mr. ,  CaWw?^/ presented  to  the 
house  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  IcgisUture  of 
Ohio,  instructing  theii-  senators  and  representative; 
to  use  their  endeavors  to  obtain  the  passage  of  au 
act  by  congress,  prcviJing  for  the  org;niiz.ition, 
.arming  and  disciplining  the  militii,  and  for  govcr:i- 
iiig  sucii  par:.,  of  tlieiii  as  may  be  empioved  in  the 
service  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  jXexvton,  froui  tlie  ccnnmittee  of  commerce 
and  manuf.:ctures,  made  a  detailed  report,  winch 
shall  be  published  hereafter. 

Tlie  house  resumed  the  consider.ation  of  the  bill 
for  reducing  Uie  direct  tax  on  the  Uniced  States  to 
three  miliions,  and  to  continue  the  same  one  year. 

Mr.  /f//)-.i't'.Viv!ovc.l  t'le  fwUowing  r-"o'tition  : 

Rtsolvctl,  I'hat  the  jeer  tary  of  tlu-  treasury  be  direi  ted  to  inform 
the  house  wU  th.r  dikcriminating  Unties  ai-,  at  lliii  time,  le^i^diu 
ports  of  tlij  United  Siat.s,  0:1  Uriiisn  v^,-5S<-ls  aiijviiig  from  ilic 
Wist  indies,  and  l.tdeu  wltli  VrVot  India  prud  :ce. 

Wiiic.i,  af:i.'r  some  rciua.  k^  f.uui  Mr.  Burwell  anS 
Mr.  Bradbury,  was  agreed  bo. 

On   notion  of  Mr.  Forsyth, 
,      Hesttlvetl,  That  the  naval  cominittet*  he  in'^Uxctefl  to  enf  iiire  int-j 
I  tie.   expedi.iKv  ol   iii;;Uiii-  ;;rovismn  lor  lliui..-  .\  .lerieii.!  staiiien 
rwao  Wu-re  won!id.:d,  and  for  the  widows  and  fa:nilies  o!  those  v.'ei 
J  wtsrs  liillEd  at  U;iiltau<;r  no  sou,  uii  the  Otli  of  April.  ISW. 


436    FILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBBUARY  17,  me. 


T!ic  cnr^rossed  bill  to  reduce  t!ie  ainount  of  the 
direct  tux  upon  the  United  St.ites  and  tlie  district 
oi"  CoUimhia,  for  ti>e  year  1810;  the  engTOssed  bill 
undcini^  appropriations  for  ordnance,  or(hiance  stores 
SiC.  were  sevcraUv  rtad  the  tiiird  time  and  passed 
— the  last  meniioned  by  yeas  and  nayK,   1  J"  to  4-6. 

The  house  ai^^ain  resolved  iisclf  intoa  committee 
of  the  \vhole,  Mr.  Coiidii  in  the  chair,  on  tiie  bill  to 
pi'oviue  for  t!ie  widows  and  orpiians  of  theoiticers, 
iion-cominissiuned  orTlcers  and  priva'es  who  iiuvc 
been  killed  in  baitle,  died  in  tjie  service  or  of 
wounds  received  while  in  the  service  of  the  Uniied 
8tates,  during-  the  late  war. 

T iie  remainder  of  the  d.vy  was  spent  in  discussing- 
various  amendments  to  the  ciecaiis  of  the  bill. 

Several  motions  at  amendment  were  made  and 
nco-atived.  The  bill  was  finuliy  ordered  to  a  third 
i-eailin(;- — 105  to  46. 

TJic  house  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  bill 
:uakiiitr  appropriations  for  ordnance  stores  for  the 
vear  Kilo. 

The  question  being'  on  agreeing'  with  the  com- 
mittee of  tlie  whole  to  fill  up  the  blank  for  tliis 
pm-poso,  with  §1,065,024. 

Tie  letter  from  the  secretary  of  war  g^ives  the 
following-  estimate  (with  det.iils)  of  the  appropria- 
tion he  deems  necessai-y  for  the  year. 

Vol-  t)ie  United  States'  :irinory  at.  SpriiigfielJ  165,791  37  1-2 

1-or  do.  at  H;u-pei-'s  Feny  172,054   87  1-2 

jt'ur  tiettiiij,'  and  coiiipU  tins;  arsenals,  depots,  &c. 

as  siiecififd  457,765  50 

For  timfier  to  be  seasoned  75,000 

For  coal.  ste<'l,  iron,  materials,  &c.  79,000 

For  amount  of  existing  eonuacts  for  articles  to  be 

dtlivered  in  ISi'i,  vii. 
Gun-pi-wdfT,  93,000 

Cannon  and  Jiol,  shfUs,  &c  lll,noo 

Muskets  and  rifles  89.000 

TrMns|)ortatioii  of  ordnance,  ?ic.  22,000 

It  was  on  the  one  hand  contended,  the  amount  of 
appropriation  projjosed  was  extravagant,  imdec 
present  cii'cumstances  entirely  too  larg-e,  and  cal- 
culated unnecessarily  to  burthen  the  peojjle  witlioui 
adequate  object.  On  the  other  hand,  the  advocates 
of  tiie  appropriation  pointed  to  the  items  of  tlie 
report,  and  supported  the  policy  of  authorising  the 
proposed  expenditure  on  g'eneral  principles  of  fore- 
cast and  providence. 

The  question  on  concurring'  with  the  committee 
W."s  decided  in  tiie  affirmative.  Yeas  93.     Nays  48. 

The  bill  was  ordered  to  a  third  reading'. 

Tl'.e  message  of  the  senate  rejecting  the  amen'!- 
)r.ents  of  this  house  to  their  bill  concerning-  t..e 
convention  of  coHimcrce,  &c.  was  taken  up,  and. 
Oil  motion  of  Mr.  i-'orsyth,  tiie  hoii.se  determined 
toinsiston  its  amendments,  and  to  abli  a  conference 
titereo'.i  v/itli  the  senate. 

'rhii:\ii[ai/,  Feb.  \6. — Several -^jetitions  were  re- 
cvi^•ed,  and  reports  of  different  committees  on  bu- 
s'uifS's  of  apri^■ate  nature  m^ule. 

The  hou.se  then  resolved  itself  into  a  committee 
of  the  w'.iole,  Mr.  Clondit  in  the  chair,  on  the  bii. 
making  fiirther  provision  for  military  sei  vices  diirin_:,' 
tlie  late  war. 

A    motion    made  yesterday   by  Mr.    Cannon,  u, 
strike    out  the  3d  section   of  tiie  bill,  wuicii    pro 
vidcs   a   bounty  of  land  to  the  derange.!  olHcers  of 
l4;e  late  army,  still  under  consideration. 

Tills  motion  pri)duccd  a  discussiou  wiiich  occu 
pled  I'.earlv  the  remainder  of  the  da)',  'i'oose  gen- 
tlemen v.-iio  supported  tiie  motioa,  imd  opposed  the 
i^'rant  of  land  to  the  dir.banded  otiicers,  were  Messrs. 
C.iiiiion,  Comstock,  Taul,  iloss,  Euston,  M'Kee  anc 
V/iliiams.  Those  who  were  adverse  to  the  inotior., 
s^nd  in  favor  of  awarding  the  bounty  proposed  b . 
tills  bill,  were  Messrs.  Johnson  of  Ky.  Smith  of 
Md    T-c!::on  of  Va.  and  V/ilde. 


Tiie  motion  to  strike  out  the  section  was  fiuallj- 
agreed  to — Ayes  74,  na^s  60. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Desha,  the  2d  section  of  the' 
bill  Was  so  amended  as  to  confine  the  land  boimty 
to  those  soldiers,  above  45  and  under  18  years  of 
age,  who  enii^'ad  "for  five  years  or  during  the  war," 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Jackson  of  Va.  a  ntvf  section  was 
added  to  the  bill  foi-  the  purpose  of  g-uarding-,  as  far 
as  possible,  the  boimty  from  fdling  into  the  hands 
of  sjjeculators,  by  prohibiting  the  transfer  of  rig'ht 
tliereto,  until  af  cr  the  p..'ent  ha.s  issued. 

The  committee  then  rose,  reported  progress,  anfi/ 
obtained  leave  to  sit  again. 

The  speaker  laid  before  the  house  two  letters 
from  the  secretary  of  the  trea.sury,  one  enclosing  a 
statement  of  exports  for  the  year  181.5;  and  the  . 
otiier  a  statement,  in  pursiumce  of  a  resolution  of  , 
this  house,  of  thevahie  of  lands,  slaves,  &.c.  in  the 
United  States,  assessed  under  the  direct  fux.  Roth 
the  letters  and  reports  were  ordered  to  be  printed;- 
and — the  house  adjourned. 

CHRONICLE. 

Jfassachiisetts.     The  republicans  have  nominated  , 
Saimicl  T)e.rt(;r,  and  the  federalists  John  Brooks,  as 
their  candidates  for  governor  of  that  state,  at  the 
ensuing' election.     It  is  supposed  the  contest  will 
be  a  very  hard  one. 

JWw-Hampsliire.  Mr.  Plumer  is  the  republican, 
and  Mr.  Shaefe  the  federal  candidate  for  governor 
of  New-Hampsliire.  It  is  confidently  expected  that 
the  former  wid  be  chosen. 

Pennsiilviuiia  legishihire.  A  bill  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  jiouse  of  representatives  of  Peunsyl- 
vania  to  amend  the  act  reg-ulating  elections,  &c. — \ 
whicli  has  a  provision  to  extend  the  rigjit  of  suf^ 
frage  to  every  freeman,  '^without  regard  to  complex^- 
ion,"  being  qualified  in  other  respects. 

J's'eiv  York  h-gislature.  A  republican  council  of 
appointment  was  elected  by  the  casting  vote  of  the 
.-;peakei ,  on  the  5tii  inst.  On  the  6th,  the  petition 
of  Hen-ry  Fellows,  claiming  the  seat  of  Peter  Al- 
len, was  referied  to  the  committee  of  privileges' 
and  elections,  (appointed  same  day)  who  reported 
next  day  in  favf)r  of  tlie  petition,  in  which  tlie  house 
concurred — and  Mr.  Fellows  was  admitted  to  his 
-.eat. 

Spanish  minister.  A  report  has  prevailed  that  donf 
•Jnis  left  VA'asiiington  in  a  terrible  passion — which, 
iike  many  other  reports,  ;.]3pears  to  have  no  foun- 
latioii.  It  is  true  that  he  lias  g-one  on  a  visit  to  Phi- 
ladelphia— and  tha;'s  all. 

Qsn.  IVilkinson.  Tlie  legislattn-e  of  Maryland,  at 
then-  late  session,  almost  unanimously  passed  a  re- 
lohition  granting  to  major-general  James  IVilkinson. 
;.ately  of  the  army  of  the  United  States)  m  coHsi- 
leratior.  of  his  revolutionary  services,  the  half  p.ay 
,)f  a  colonel  of  dragoons  for  life.  This  is  said  to 
l)e  as  t,ig-h  a  pension  as  was  ever  granted  by  the  le- 
gislature. 

The  new  Tarijf. — There  was  yesterday  (says  the 
-wilional  Intelligencer  of  the  14th  inst.)  laid  before 
both  houses,  by  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  a  plan 
;)f  a  new  Tariil"  of  duties  on  imports.  This  is  tJie 
locinneni  which  the  secretary  was  directed,  at  the 
last  session,  to  pre])arc  and  report  to  congress,  and 
Wiiich  has  been  looked  for  with  considerable  inter- 
est. \Ve  shall  take  an  early  o[)portunity  to  place 
'.he  substance  of  it  before  our  readers. 

C;ipi;'.ii.  Stetvart  is  ;.ppointed  to  the  command  of 
Mie  Franklin,  74,  now  prtpMing    in    Philadelphia. 

Gniidulo'pt- hda  bcii;  restored  to  the  Frencii,  and 
.V.'.  Ensiitic.  to  the  LHitcii. 


NILES'  WEEKLY   REGISTER. 


No.  26  OP  Vol.  IX.]         BALTIMORE,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY,  24,  1816.  [wholk  xo.  234 


Hobc  olim  meminisse  jnvabit.~—Yi'aGi'L. 


pniNTEH  AN'D  prni.isHKn  by  a.  xilzs,  no.  29,  south  cALVEnx-sTRKET,  at  %5  per  anj^u^t. 


The  Ninth  Volume 

of  011V  work  closes  lierevnth.  Tlie  title  pa^e  and 
table  of  contents  will  be  forwarded,  .is  usual;  and 
Vhe  extra  SUPPLEMENT  (of  12  sheets,  to  cost 
Si)  be  transmitted  to  sucli  as  shall  iiave  ordered 
jt,  in  about  or  less  than  three  weeks. 

To  those  of  his  patrons  who  Iiave  already  pai  1 
■the  present  year's  subscription,  {-AnAhe  feelingly  -ac- 
knowled,s;'es  there  are  many  sucli)  the  editor  re- 
spectfully tenders  his  hearty  and  sincere  thanks. — 
Those  who  have  not  yet  done  it,  will  please  to  ob- 
serve, that  the  proper  period  for  this  very  import- 
ant duty,  on  their  part,  has  arrived;  and,  it  is  confi- 
dently lio]5ed  that,  with  the  least  possible  delay, 
they  will  remit  their  money,  or  make  payment,  as 
heretofore,  for  which  purpose  all  the  accounts  are 
duly  prepared.  On  settlin,^  these,  an  opportunity 
will  present  itself  for  orderin,^  the  supplement  to  the 
9th  vol.  by  payinc^  the  cost  of  it.  Such  as  liave  closed 
tlieir  bills  for  tlie  ,^ear,  will  please  to  inform  the 
editor  of  their  wisli  to  have  it,  tiiroug-li  the  cus- 
tomary channels. 

The  considerate  will  be  good  enoug'h  to  recollect, 
that  the  living  principle  of  a  work  like  this  does  not 
Consist  so  much  in  the  quantity  of  its  subscribers 
as  in  tlieir  quality.  It  is  by  general  punctualit^V,  on- 
ly, that  the  JIehistkr  can  prosper.  The  editor  feels 
conscious  that  it  is  worth  five  dollars  a  year — at 
least,  he  has  spared  no  labor  or  expence,  within  his 
means,  to  make  it  so.  Such  as  are  of  tliis  ojiiniDn, 
will  not  deteriorate  the  value  of  the  work  by  liold- 
jng-  back  their  dues;  and,  in  the  neglect,  cause, 
perliaps,  as  mucli  vexation  and  loss  of  time  as  the 
profit  made  is  worth — which  is  very  frequently  tl\e 
case  as  to  individuals.  The  payment  of  the  fifth 
year  is  now  due;  and  all  will  agree  that  once  in  five 
years  there  ought  to  be  an  entire  squaring  off. 

Tliere  are  not  many — perhaps  no  one — that  has 
a  just  idea  of  tlie  numerous  difficulties  encountered 
in  the  management  of  this  work.  Tlie  editor's  mind 
is  too  much  expanded  for  the  room  he  has  to  occu- 
py, or  his  judgment,  as  to  what  may  be  usefid  or 
interesting,  is  greatly  deficient — and  hence  it  is  tiiat 
he  is  in  continual  distress  to  make  his  selections 
and  prepare  liis  matter — the  pressure  of  which 
has  long  been  s©  great  and  so  various.  But  he  has 
kept  his  eye  single  to  this  object — that,  while  he  en- 
deavored to  keep  up  a  present  interest,  he  was 
most  zealous  to  record  and  preserve  sucii  things  as 
would  wear— or,  like  sau:;d  wine,  improve  by  age, 
and  obtain  a  body  and  consistence  pleasing  to  all. — 
And  he  has  the  testimony  of  many  of  the  best  men  in 
t-he  republic  that  he  has  measurably  succeeded. 

The  present  state  of  this  establishment  is  flut- 
tering. What  has  been  built  up  with  so  much  1  .- 
bor  and  toil  shall  not  be  destroyed  by  idleness  or 
inattention.  But  the  duties  of  tlie  patrons  of  the 
Register  and  the  editor  are  recipi'ocal,  and  each 
must  do  their  part. 

(j^To  give  place  to  some  articles  highly  impor- 
tant  in  themselves  and  of  more  immediate  interest, 
we  have  reluctantly  laid  over  "a  sketch  of  the  pub- 
lic services  of  James  Monroe"  with  an  invaluable 
-article  from  the  pen  oi  Jefferson,  on  education,  and 
..»  great  mass  of  other  useful  matter.  "Our  i)ove.t) 
lifut  not  our  will  cwieents."  Wb  wakt  MOUii  aeon. 
Voji.  IX. 


Pr()j3osed  New  Tariff. 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY, 

Treasury  Department,  Feb.  12,  1816. 

SIR — In  obedience  to  the  resolution  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  the  23d  of  P'eb.  1815,  \  have 
the  honor  to  transmit  a  report  on  tlie  subject  of  a 
general  tariff  of  duties;  proper  to  be  imposed  on  irli'^ 
ported  goods,  wares  and  merchandize. 

I  hav'e  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  sir, 
your  obedient  servant, 

A.  J.  DALLAS. 
The  hon.  the  president  of  the  senate 
of  the  United  States. 

REPOllT,  Sec. 

On  the  23d  of  February,  1815,  the  house  of  re 
presentatives  "Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  tlie 
treasury  be  directed  to  report  to  congress,  at  their 
next  session,  a  general  tariff  of  duties  proper  to  be 
imposed  upon  imported  goods,  wares  and  merchan-- 
dize;"  and,  in  obedience  to  that  resolution,  the  se- 
cretary of  tlie  treasury  has  now  the  honor  to  lay 
before  congress  the  following  report: 
Comprehending, 

I.  A  view  of  the  tariff  of  tlie  United  Slates,  .ind 
its  incidents,  upon  the  peace  establisliment, 
II.  A    statement  of  the  gener.d  principles   foi' 
reforminf  the  tarilf  ©f  the  United  States,  in- 
cluding the  means  of  enforcement. 

III.  A  general  tariff  proposed  for  the  considera 
tion  of  congress. 

I.  A  xneiu  ijf  the  tariff  of  (he  United  States,  audits 
incidents,  upon  the  peace  establishment. 

By  an  aci  of  congress,  passed  on  t!ie  1st  of  July, 
1812,  (*)  the  permanent  duties  previously  imposed 
bv  law,  upon  goods  imported  into  tlie  United  States 
from  foreign  places,  were  doubled;  an  addition  of 
10  per  tent,  was  made  lo  the  double  duties  upon, 
goods  imported  in  vessels  not  of  the  United  States, 
and  vessels  belonging  wholly,  or  in  part,  to  thesub,- 
jects  of  foreign  powers,  entering  tlie  United  States, 
were  charged  witli  an  kdditional  tonniige  duty  of 
§1  5 J  cents  per  ton.  This  act  was  limited  in  its 
continuance  to  the  period  of  one  year  after  the 
conclusion  of  t!:e  pence  with  Great  Britain,  and  it 
expires,  of  course,  on  the  irtJi  of  February,  1816. 
The  act  (with  all  its  supplements)  Imposing  an  ad- 
ditional duty,  commonly  called  the  "Mediterranean 
fund,"  of  ih  per  cent  ad  valorem,  and  a  discrimi' 
naiiiig  duty  of  10  per  cent  upon  that  additional 
duty ,'^ in  respect  to  all  goods  imported  in  vessels 
iiot  of  tiie  United  States,  had  expired  on  the  3d  of 
Much  1815. 

Considering  the  subject,  therefore,  upon  tlie  foun-^ 
dation  ou  which  it  is  placed,  by  the  extinction  of 
tiic  Mediterranean  f'.md,  and  by  the  restoration  of 
peace,  the  annexed  table  marked  (A)  exhibiting 
the  general  tarifi"  of  the  United  States,  resulting 
from  the  successive  aots  of  congress,  imposing, 
augmenting  and  modifying  ihe  duties  upon  import- 
ed' merchandize,  compared  with  the  rates  of  .luues 
proposed  for  the  new  tariff;  and  it  is  susceptible  of 


*Iu  the  secretary's  original  report  tucre  are  nu; 
merous  references  lo  authorities  and  laws  wiiich, 
being  deemed  unimportant  to  the  reader,  are  ofni'> 

ted. 

F  F 


438    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  1816. 


the  discrimination  marked  in  table  No.  1,  compris- 
ing" the  urtick's  cliarg'ed  with  specific  duties;  No. 
2,  compi-islng-  the  articles  charg'ed  with  duties  ad 
valorem,  at  the  several  rates  of  12j  per  cent.,  15 
per  cent  and  20  per  cent.;  and  No.  3,  comprising-  the 
articles  that  are  free  from  duty. 

]t  is  another  important  view  of  the  subject,  con- 
nected with  the  details  of  the  twble  A,  that  the  rate 
of  duty  upon  the  tonnage  of  vessels  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  the  duties  upon  tlie  goods  which 
tiiey  import,  is  less  than  upon  the  toniiuge  of  other 
vessels,  and  of  their  cargoes.     Thus, 


1st.  ^is  to  the  duty  on  to^  nage. 


cents. 


Ships  or  vessels  of  the  United  States,  entered 
from  any  foreign  port  or  place,  or  <?.>rr_viiig- 
g^oods  from  one  district  to  another  district, 
are  ciiai'ged  at  the  rate  per  ton,  of  6 

Sldps  or  vessels  buiit  within  the  United  States, 
Lnt  belonging-  wlioliy,  or  hi  p.  rt,  to  the  sub- 
jects of  foreign  powci-s,  eiiteiing  from  a  fo- 
reign place  or  port,  are  charged  at  the  rate 
per  ton  of  30 

Ships  or  vessels  of  every  otlier  description  en- 
tering fr<im  a  foreign  port  or  place,  or  carry- 
ing' goods  from  one  district  to  another  dis- 
trict within  the  United  States,  are  charged 
at  the  rate  per  ton,  of  50 

And  it  may  be  properly  here  added,  that — 

Ships  and  vessels  not  of  the  United  States,  or 
not  wholly  owned  by  American  citizens,  en- 
tering- the  ports  of  the  United  Sta\es,  are 
cliai-g-ed  bylaw  wiiii  the  duty  "light-money" 
at  the  rate,  per  ton,  of  50 

2d.  ^is  to  the  duty  on  goods  imported. 
The  discriminating-  duty  imposed  by  law,  upon 
goods  imported  in  vessels  not  of  tiie  United  States, 
is  not  made  a  tlirect  ciiarge  upon  the  goods  as  spe- 
cified hi  the  table  A,  but  it  is  charged  generaiiy, 
upon  tVie  rate  of  duty  imposed  on  tlie  lilie  goods, 
wlien  imported  in  vessels  of  the  United  States;  and 
it  is  uniformly  an  addition  of  10  per  cent,  upon  the 
American  rate  of  dut}',  whether  that  be  specific  or 
?.d  valorem. 

The  discriminatuig  duty  is  to  be  considered,  how- 
ever, in  connexion  with  the  treaties  and  acts  of  con- 
gTes!5,  which  have  subjected  it  to  temporary  or 
permanent  modificadons.  Thus:  1st,  The  Louisi- 
ana coIl^eation  suspended  the  discriminating  du- 
ties for  a  period  of  twelve  years  (which  will  expire 
on  the  6th  of  March  1816)  in  relation  to  Frencii 
and  Spanish  vessels  ajid  cirgoes  arriving  within  the 
ceded  territory.  2<l!y,  The  convention  to  regulate 
the  commerce  between  the  territories  of  the  Uni- 
ted .-itates  and  of  his  Britannic  majesty  will  sus- 
pend the  discriminating-  duties  in  relation  to  Bri 
tiah  vftBsels  and  cargoes,  arriving  witiiin  the  United 
States  f:-om  the  British  territories  in  Europe,  for  a 
period  of  foiu' years,  commencing  on  the  3d  of  Ju- 
ly, 1815. 

Anc  odiy.  The  act  of  the  3d  of  March,  1815,  has 
authoriz' d  the  abolition  of  the  disciindnating-  du- 
i'ui:-:  in  relation  to  every  foreign  nation  whicii  shall 
abolish  such  of  its  discriminating  and  countervail- 
ing duties  as  are  disadvantageous  to  the  liniieu 
Sutea. 

The  duty  on  tonn.;g-e  is  payable  at  the  time  of 
eiitry;  but  lieforetbe  producu  of  tue  duties  on  goods 
imported  reaches  the  public  treasury,  the  collec- 
tion is  affected  by  the  credit  which  the  law  allow.s 
to  the  Importer,  and  the  a-wmnt  is  liable  to  a  rcduc- 
tu:;,  ny  the  aiio'vabce  oi  ilrawbacks  and  boiUl ties, 
Its  -weft  as  by  the  expense  of  collection. 


1st.  ^Is  ff)  the  credit  fur  duties  on  goods  imported. 

On  the  produce  of  the  West  Indies  (salt  excepted) 
and  on  goods  imported  by  sea  from  all  foreign 
ports  and  islands  lying  north  of  the  equator,  and 
situated  on  the  eastern  shores  of  America,  it  is 
three  months  for  one  half,  and  six  months  for 
the  other  half 

On  salt  it  is  nine  months. 

On   Madeira,  and  all  o' her  wines,  it  is  12  months. 

On  goods  impoited  from  FAirope  (other  than  wines, 
salt  and  teas)  it  is  eit;-]it  month.s  for  one  third, 
ten  months  for  one  third,  and  twelve  months  for 
one  tiiird. 

On  goods  imported  from  Europe,  (other  than  wines, 
salt  and  teas,)  imported  from  any  other  placC 
than  Europe,  and  the  West  Indies,  it  is  6  months 
for  one  half,  9  months  for  one-fourth,  and  12 
months  for  one  fotu'th. 

On  teas  imported  from  China  or  Europe,  it  is  con- 
ditionallv,  upon  deposit es,  two  yfars,  subject,  as 
inttrmeiliate  sales  mny  be  effected,  to  payments 
at  four  months,  eight  months,  or  twelve  months, 
according  to  the  amount  of  sales,  respectively. 

2d.  As  to  the  drmvhack  of  dt/ties  on  goods  exported. 

The  g-eneral  provision  of  tlie  law  allows  a  draw- 
back of  the  duties  on  goods  imported  into  the  Uni- 
ted States,  provided  they  amount  to  50  dollars,  if 
the  goods  be  exported  within  12  calendermonths  af- 
ter the  importation,  to  any  foreign  port  or  place 
other  than  the  dominions  of  any  foreign  state  im- 
mediately adjoining  to  the  United  States.  This  lo- 
cal limitation  has  been  modified,  however,  so  as  to 
authorize  an  exportation,  with  the  benefit  of  the 
drawback,  from  Louisiana  to  any  port  or  place  situ-- 
ated  to  tlie  westward  or  southward  thereof 

To  the  general  provision  of  the  law  for  the  allow- 
ance of  drawback,  there  are  some  exceptions.  1st, 
The  additional  duty  often  per  cent,  imposed  upon 
goods  imported  in  vessels  not  of  the  United  States, 
is  not  the  subject  of  drawback.  2diy,  The  right 
of  exportation  for  the  benefit  of  drawback  is  not 
allowed  in  the  case  of  foreign  dried  and  pickled  fish, 
and  other  salted  pi-ovisions,  fish-oil  or  plii\ing  c  rds. 

odly,  The  rate  of  a  half  cent  per  gallon  on  spi- 
rits, with  two  and  a  half  per  cent,  on  the  duties, 
and  the  rate  of  three  and  a  half  per  cent,  on  the 
atnount  of  the  duties  on  all  other  goods  impoi'ted, 
is  to  be  retained,  when  they  are  exported  for  the 
benefit  of  drawback,  as  an  indemnification  for  the 
expence  accrued  concerning    them. 

3d.  As  to  the  allowance  rf  bounties  on  exports. 

The  act  of  the   2yth  of  July,    1813,  (which  will 
expire  on  tlie  irth  of  Ftbruary,  1816,)  when  it  im- J 
posed  a  duty  of  20  cents  per  bushel  upon  imported 
s.d',  allowed  a  bounty  upon   all  exported   pickled 
iish  of  the    fisheries    of  the    United  States  at    the 
rate  of  20  cents  per  barrel;  provided   the  fish  were 
wholly   cured  with    foreign   salt,  on  which  a  duty, 
iiad  been  paid  or  secured.     Tiie  s.une  act  authorises 
an  annual  allowance  to  the  owners  and   crews   of 
American  vessels  and  boats  employed  in   the  fishe-  , 
ries,  gradu  ited.iccording'  to  the  tonnage. 

The  act  of  the  24tii  of  July,  1813,  (which  will, 
also,  expire  o'.  the  17tii  of  February,  1816,)  when 
it  imposed  a  duty  of  4  cents  per  pound  upon  all  su- 
gars refined  within  the  United  States,  autiiorised  a 
d:awb  xk,  in  the  n.Htnrc  of  a  bounty,  upon  all  such 
of  the  sugar  so  refined  as  should  be  exported  from 
the  United  States  to  any  foreign  port  or  place. 
4  til.  As  to  the  expense  of  the  cclleciion  of  duties  on 
imports. 

Tne  successful  collection  of  the  duties  on  im- 
ports, before   the  introduction   of  the  restrictive 


NILES'  WEEKLY  TlEGISTER— PROPOSED  NEW  TARIFF. 


439 


system,  depended  more  upon  the  integrity  of  the 
Gommercial  comnivmity  than  upon  tlie  rigor  of  the 
laws,  or  an  exjjensive  vigilance  at  the  custom-house. 
It  is  not  to  be  denied^  or  disreg;a'dcd,  however, 
th;a  soon  after  that  event,  the  spirit  of  illicit  com 
meicc  was  kindled;  that  it  spread  during  the  lait 
war;  and  tliat,  with  every  just  reliance  upon  the  ho- 
nor of  the  American  merchant,  measures  of  great. 
er  energy  have  become  necessary,  for  tlie  protec 
tion  of  the  fair  trader,  as  well  as  for  the  security 
of  tiie  revenue.  Hitherto  the  aveiage  annual  ex- 
pense of  the  collection  may  be  stated  at  near  4  per 
cent,  upon  the  annual  product  (exclusive  of  the 
fees  paid  by  individuals,  wiiich  may  be  estimated 
at  one  percent,  more)  dui-ing'  a  season  of  open  and 
prosperous  commerce;  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
efttct  of  an  increased  expenditure  in  the  employ- 
ment of  the  means  which  are  necessary  to  prevent 
and  detect  offences  against  the  laws,  will  so  aug- 
ment the  product  of  the  duty,  as  to  aiibrd  a  certain 
and  ample  eciuivalent  for  the  original  advance. 

The  operation  of  the  tariff  exhibited  in  the  table 
A.  with  tiie  incidents  which  have  been  stated,  may 
be  concisely  viewed,  with  reference  to  two  periods 
i«  the  CO.'  merce  of  the  United  States:  1st.  Uefore 
the  introduction  of  the  restrictive  system,  from 
1804  lo  1807,  both  years  inclusive;  and  2d.  After 
the  iniroduction  of  the  restrictive  system,  from 
1808  to   1811,  both  years  inclusive.     fhu.s, 


During  the   fom- 
years,  from  1«04 
to    1807,    both 
inclusive. 

The  average  annual 
gross  ]3roduct  of  duties 
on  merchandise  import- 
ed, 24,226,091  51 

The  average  annual 
amount  of  debentures 
issued  for  drawback  on 
on  merchandise  import- 
ed 8,714,0r3  50 

The  average  annual 
amount  of  bounties  and 
allowances,  192,700  37 

The  :iverage  annual 
product  of  duties  on 
merchandise  imported, 
after  deducting  draw- 
backs, bounties,  &c.      15,319,317  64 

The  average  annual 
product  of  the  ad  \  lO- 
rem  duties,  including 
the  Meiliteranean  fimd, 
after  deducting  ditto,      6,536,975  89 

The  average  annual 
product  of  the  Medi- 
terancan  fund,  after  de- 
ducting ditto,  968,066  36 

The  average  annual 
product  of  tlie  specific 
duties,  after  deducting 
ditto,  8,265,737  10 

The  average  annual 
product  of  the  3i  per 
cent,  retained  on  druvv- 
l>acks,  318,917  06 

The  average  annual 
product  of  the  addition- 
al duty  of  10  per  cent. 
on  merchandise  import- 
ed m  foreign  vessels,  197,687  59 


During  the  4 

years  fr  1808 

to  1811,  boti. 

inclusive. 


12,423,774  09 

2,755,602  25 
53,036  23 

9,615,135^61 

4,316,329  43 
692,299  38 

5,073,278  80 
100,203  75 

125,322  Q5 


The  average  annual 
product  of  duties  on 
merchandise  imported 
in  American  vessels,  af- 
ter deducting  draw- 
back, kc.  13,144,754  18 

The  average  annual 
product  of  duties  on 
merchandise  imported 
in  foreign  vessels,  2,174,563  46 

Tlie  ;iverage  annual 
product  of  duties  on 
tonnage,  160,660  .50 

The  average  annual 
product  of  light  money,       51,869  91' 

Tiie  average  annual 
expenses  on  collection,       654,813  88 


8,236,575  65 

1,378,559  93 

169,135  90 

32,165  43 

479,633  12 


II.  Jl  statement  of  the  general  principles  for  refjvmin^ 
the  Tariff  of  the  United  States,  inchuUng-  t/ie 
means  of  ejiforcement. 

The  tarifi',  which  has  been  thus  generally  review- 
ed, originated  in  the  year  1790,  .soon  after  the  or- 
ganization of  the  feder.;l  government.  Notwith- 
standing the  various  alterations  to  which  it  was  sub- 
jected, durhig-  the  long  period  of  American  neu- 
tr.dity,  it  certainly  h;is  not  been  left  in  a  st.ite  adapt- 
ed to  the  present  epoch.  The  peace  of  Eorope 
will  give  a  newcoiu-se  and  character  to  the  com- 
merce of  the  world;  and  the  condition  of  tlie  Igni- 
ted States  is  essentially  changed  in  population,  in 
wealth,  iu  the  employment  of  labor  and  Crtpital,  in 
the  demand  of  luxuries,  or  of  necessaries  i'or  con- 
sumption, and  in  the  native  resources  to  supply  the 
demand.  'I'hese  considerations  forcibly  recom- 
mend the  measure  of  revision  ;md  reform  which  is 
now  contemplated.  The  task,  howe\ei-,  is  not  more 
m. portent  m  its  object,  tlian  difticuit  in  the  perfoim- 
tiiice.  Tlie  means  of  information  are  scatter-  w  ami 
imptrfi.  ■•.  .  Ai;«ny  conflicting  interests  and  preju- 
dices ai-e  to  be  recoaciied.  And  in  the  unsetUtd. 
state  of  commerce,  much  of  any  plan,  onnecteJ. 
with  its  operations,  must  unavoidable  rest  upon  hy- 
potliesis,  and  be  tested  byfutuie  evperimen..  In 
every  effort,  therefore,  to  dimi.!i-.h  the  force  of 
these  obsraclcs,  an  ulterior  reliance  upon  the 
wisdom  of  the  legislature  has  been  respectfully 
indulged. 

In  framing-  the  pi-opositions  which  this  report  will 
submit  to  the  con:iider;i.tion  of  congress,  for  the  es- 
tiJjllshment  of  a  general  tariff,  tiu-ee  great  objects 
liave  been  jiriucljiall}'  regardevl.  Is"^.  The  obJLCt  of 
raising,  by  du'ies  on  imports  and  tonnage,  tr.e  pro- 
portion of  public  revenue  wliich  nui^t  be  dra.vn 
from  that  source.  2d.  Tiie  objec.  of  conciliating  the 
various  national  interests,  which  arLse  f  oni  luc  vux- 
suits  of  agriculture,  manufactures,  trade  and  navi- 
gLition.  And  od.  The  object  of  rendeiii;g  tiie  col- 
lection of  the   duties  convciiiuii;,  eqaal  aiul  cirrtain. 

1.  The  report  wliich  tlie  committee  of  ways  and 
means  pre^c.^tetl  to  the  Siotise  sf  representatives  on 
the  9th  day  of  Jaiiuaiy,  1816,  ftunislies  a  foundation 
to  estimate,  vvitli  sulricicnt  [jrcciiion,  for  the  pre- 
sent purpose,  the  [jropornon  of  the  jiublic  revenue 
to  be  annually  raised  through  the  medium  of  the 
customs.  It  is  there  sLaCed  tliattlie  amount  of  the 
annual  dem;uids  of  the  peace  establishment  may  be 
placed  at  tlic  sum  of  gij,f  7S,i>o9 

liuV  to  this  sum  it  is  now  proper  t.) 
add  the  general  amount  which  is  appro- 
priated for  the  payment  of  the  principle- 
of  the  public  debt,  estimated  at 

1,»50,003 


4M    NIl>ES-  WEEKLY  REGISTi^^U-SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  181&. 


The  difference  between  tlie 
■treasury  estiinale  for  the  naval 
service,  (made  upon  conjectur- 
aT ground)  and  the  subseqaent 
statement  of  \he  secretary  of 
the  navy  made  upon  official 
documents  J  to  wit: 

The  secretary  of  the  navy's 
statement,  af.cr  addiiig  tlie  sum 
of  200,000  dollars  annually  ap- 
propriated for  three  years,  for 
the  purchase  of  timber,  being' 
3,838,071 

The    treasury   esti- 
mate being  2,716,510 

The  difference  being  1,121,561 

And  the  amount  which  is  pro- 
posed by  the  committee  of 
wavs  and  means,  to  add  to  the 
sinking  fund,  (raising  it  from 
8,000,000  to  13,1JO,OUO)  5,150,000 


8,121,561 


23,900,230 


The  annual  revenue  to  be  raised,  for  the  service 
of  government,  may,  then,  be  stated  in  raund  num- 
bers, at  the  sum  of  24,000,000  of  dollars  independent 
of  an.y  provi.->ion  for  public  insitutions  and  public 
improveinenis;  such  as  the  president  has  recom- 
mended to  tne  putrr)n..ge  of  tlie  legislature;  such 
as  the  pan  10. ism  of  congress  may,  fi  om  time  to 
time,  be  induced  to  sanction;  and  such  as  will  at 
once  enligiiien,  enrich,  :\nd  adorn  the  nation. 

Upon  the  general  puncij^les  of  public  policy, 
deveia])od  ir,  the  repoii  of  the  committee  of  ways 
and  meins,  tlie  supply  for  afl  the  expenses  of  the 
government,  will  be  derived,  in  pan  from  intei'nal 
dudes  and  taxes,  but  princii^tiUy,  from  duties  on 
imports.  Staling  therefore,  the  amoi-.it  of  the 
demand  for  revenue  at  f^24,000,000 

i  has  been  propos;'d  to  supplj-  annuall}', 
from  the  inteniul  lUi'ies  a!id  taxes,  and 
from  the  sale  of  public  lands,  the  sum  of 
6,925,000,  dolL.rs  : — that  \a  to  say,  from 
the  direct  tax  on  lands,  houses,  and 
slaves,  tlie  sum  of  §2,700,000 

from  the  duly  on  si  ills,  the 

sum  of  1,200,000 

from  the   duty   on   stamps, 

the  sum  of'  400,000 

from   the   duty   on    refined 

sugar  tlie  sum  of  150,009 

from  the  duty  on  carriages; 

tlie  sum  of  175,000 

from  licenses  to  retailers,  (a 
tas  proposed  to  be  inoditi- 
ec',)  the  sum  of  900,000 

from  the  duties   on   sales   at 

auclion,  the  sum  of  400,000- 

from  the  sales  of  public  lands, 

the  sum  of  1,000,000 

6.925,000 


iuKl  the  reliance  for  the  residue  of  the 
supply  must  be,  of  course,  upon  the 
customs,  to  the  amount  of      *  S17>075,000 


It  is  here  to  be  considered,  that  the  report  of 
t}ie  committee  of  ways  and  means  contemplates 
the  abolition  or  the  reduction  of  duties  or  taxes 
heretofore  pledged,  "to  provide  for  the  pavmcnt 
«f  tiie  evpences  of  government,  the  punctual  pav- 
ment  of  :h.e  public  debt,  qjia  for  creating  a  sinking 


Fimd,"  to  an  amount  not  less  than  7,064,340  dollar?, 
that  is  to  say. 

To  abolish  the  duties  on  furniture  and  watchesy 
on  domestic  manufactures,  and  on  distilled  spirits, 
in  amount  about  3,864,340 

To  abolisli  tlie  additional  duty  on  post- 
age, in  amount  about  300.000- 

And  to  take  from  the  direct  tax  In  the 
nett  amount,  about  2,90!.>,000 


Vb4,3 


40 


And  for  supplying  this  sum  of  7,064,340  dollars, 
in  observance  of  the  plighted  faith  of  the  govern- 
ment, it  has  been  proposed  to  make  an  addition  to 
tlie  customs,  equal  to  an  average  rate  of  42  per  cenU 
upon  the  prodn.cts  of  the  duties,  uuposed  prior  to 
the  act  of  the  Istof  Julv,  1812,  by  which  the  impost 
was  doubled  (as  already  stated)  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  late  war.  _ 

If  then,  the  average  annual  product  of  the  single  "^ 
duties  on  imports  and  tonnage,  may  be  estimated 
(and  it  cannot  be  prudently  estimated  higher,)  at 
the  sum  of  §12,000,000 

The  addition  of  42  per  cent,  upon  that 

amount  will  yield  a  sum  of  5,040,000 

And    will   give  for  the  amount  to  be 
produced  by  the  customs,  §17  040,000 

2.  The  social  compact  is  formed  on  the  basis- 
of  a  surrender  of  a  piU't  of  the  natural  rights  of 
individuals,  for  the  security  and  benefit  of  the 
whole  society.  The  federal  compact  is  formed  on 
tlie  basis  of  a  surrender  of  a  part  of  the  political 
rights  of  each  state,,  for  the  benefit  and  security 
o^  the  whole  confederation.  Hence,  hi  the  attempt 
"to  conciliate  the  various  national  interests  which 
arise  from  the  pursuits  of  agriculture,  mannfacttu-es». 
trade  and  navigation,"  it  is  necessary  to  recollect, 
that  the  common  object  of  the  nation  will  not  inva- 
riably  corresjiond  with  the  separate  objects  of 
individuals,  or  of  their  professions,  nor  with  the 
local  objects  of  the  respective  states,  or  of  the- 
industry  of  their  inhabitants. 

Under  the  beneficent  dispensations  of  Providence,, 
the  territory  of  the  Uuiied  States  produces  almost, 
all  the  natural  fruits  of  the  earth;  and  pursuing 
the  subdivision  of  which  labor  is  susceptible,  the 
citizens  of  the  Uni'ed  States  are  engaged  in  the- 
cuUivation  of  almost  every  art  and  every  science,, 
wllhin  the  scope  of  human  knowledge.  But  the 
fi-uits  produced,  although  tlwy  are  the  fruits  of  the 
nation,  are  not  the  same  in  every  state;  and  the 
labor  employed,  althougii  it  be  the  labor  of  the 
nation,  is  employed  upon  very  different  materials, 
with  very  different  results,  in  the  different  sections 
of  the  union. 

,  From  these  considerations  are  derived  the  prin-- 
ciples  c'c  general  policy,  by  whicli  tlie  national 
character  is  formed,  and  the  national  interests  are 
m.ahitained.  The  interests  of  agriculture  require 
a  free  and  constant  access  to  a  market  for  its  stap.es; 
and  a  ready  supply  of  all  the  articles  of  use  and 
consumption  upon  reasonable  terms:  but  theiK-tional 
interest  may  require  die  establishment  of'a  domestic 
in  preference  to  a  foreign  market,  and  the  employ- 
ment of  domestic  in  prefei-eiice  to  foreign  labor, 
in  furnishing  the  necessary  supplies.  And  agamy 
the  interests  of  foreign  commerce  fiouiish  most, 
when  foreign  commerce  is  the  only  meduim  te 
convey  tlie  natural  products  of  the  country  to  a 
market,  and  to  provide  for  all  the  wmts  of  the  peo- 
ple in  the  fabrics  of  th^  manufacturer  and  the  ar- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— PROPO?^ED  NEW  TARIFF. 


4il 


ttst:  but  tlie  national  Interest  m.iy  requir-e  (contcm- 
plafing-  eqiuiUy  'he  st:ite  of  pe..ce  ^nd  the  state  of 
war)  that  the  people  sliould  be  as  independent  in 
the  resources  of  d^.eir  subsistence,  us  in  the  opera- 
tions of  their  g-overnment.  I*  must,  however,  be 
the  ^im  of  everv  just  system  of  politicil  economy,  to 
secure  the  national  interest  with  ;is  little  prejudice 
as  possible  to  the  peculiar  interests  of  agriculture 
and  )f commerce. 

Th».'re  ace  fe-v,  if  any,  governments,  which  do  not. 
reg"ird    lie  establishment  of  vdomestic  m  mif.  ictures, 
as  a  chief  oliject  of  public   policy.     The    United 
StiitfJ  h.ive  aire  uly  so  regarded  it.     Tn  tlie  eirlie-i 
acts  ofcongress,  wiiich  were  pussed  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  present  constitution,  the  obligation  of 
providijig  bv  du  ies  on  iniports,  for  t'le  discharge 
of  the  public  deb  s,  is  expre.-isly  corinecied  with  the 
policy  Of'  encouraging  manufxc>-ures.     In  th.e  ye.ir 
1790,  the  secretary  of  tlie  treasury  was  di.  ected 
by  the  bouse  of  representatives,  to  take  the  sub 
jectof  mnnufactuies  in'O  con-ideration,  with  a  view 
pari.icula)"ly  to  report  upon"  the  mens  of  promo  - 
ing  such  .is  would  render  the  Uni'ed  States  indc 
pendent  of  foreign  nations,  for  miiicary  and  otl'.e 
•sseutial  supplies."  In  the  year  1810,  tlie  legi-1  tur. 
again  manifested  a  marked  solicitude  to  ascertaiii 
the  progress  of  the  nation^d  independence  in  m.vnu- 
facciu'es,  by  combining  the  business  of  the  census 
Avith  an  enquiry  into  the  state  o(  the  sevt'-ai  m.<nu- 
facturing  establishments  and  manuf.ctuves,  vvithir. 
the  several   di^ti-icts,    territories    and    divisions  o' 
the  United  Stiites.     Rut  it  was  emphaticaily  during 
the  period   of  the   resirlclive  system,   and  of  the 
war,  that  the  imnortiiice  of  domesuc  manufactures 
bec;ime  conspicuous   to    the   nation,   ;utd  made    ;; 
las'ang  impression  upon  the  mind  of  every  statesman 
And  of  every  patriot.     Tne  weapons  and  niunition 
of  war;  the  necessaries  of  clothirg  and  thecorafor..? 
of  living,  were  at  first  but  scujiuly  provided.      Tlu- 
American  market  seeined  for  a  \vJiile,toheconverte.i 
into  a  scene  ofgamb.ing  and  extovtion;  andic  wa^. 
Dot  the  least  of  the  eviis  generated  by  the  unequa! 
state  of  the  supply  and  the  demand,  that  an  illici' 
traffic  with  the  enemy,  by  land  and  by  water,  w.;- 
corruptly  and  systemitic.  llv  prosecuted,  from  the 
commencement  to  tlie  lermination  of  tiosiiijcies. 

From  these  ci."cumstances  of  suffering  and  morti 
fication  liave  sprui'g,  ho'vever,  the  means  of  future 
safety  and  indeper.dence.  it  has  been  thougiit,  tha- 
with  respect  to  nidustry  applied  to  manuf  .cmres,  y.s 
well  as  With  respect  to  industry  applied  to  com- 
merce, individuals  should  be  left  to  pursue  thebc 
'  eun  coarse,  untouched  by  the  hand  of  governmeii;, 
eiHier  to  impel  or  to  restrstiu.  Withont  examining 
how  far  this  opinion  is  ss^nci'iiied  by  experience,  ii 
is  sufficient  upon  the  present  occlusion  to  obse  ve, 
that  tlie  American  mjnuf  ictures — pirtlcivlarly  those 
which  have  been  iiuroduced  durii^g  the  restricTiv. 
system  and  the  w;u-,  owe  their  existence  exclusively 
to  the  capital,  the  skill,  tiie  entei-prize,  and  tlie 
industry  of  private  citizens.  The  (lem-.nds  of  tlie 
country,  wiiile  the  ac  juiSiti(m  of  suppues  rh'om  ib- 
Kign  nations  was  eiiiier  prohibited  oi  impr  .ctica- 
ble,  may  have  afforded  a  suviicieut  inducement  fo, 
•ttiis  investment  of  cipital  and  this  application  of 
labor;  but  the  inducement,  in  its  necess.u-y  extent, 
must  fail  when  the  day  of  couipetitian  returns.  Up- 
on that  cliange  in  the  condition  of  tiie  country,  the 
preservation  of  the  manufactures  which  private  ci- 
tizens, under  fivorabie  auspice,,  icive  i..on,stitut  ed 
*e  property  of  the  nation,  bi  copies  a  consider i tion 
»f  general  policy,  to  be  resoU'cd  by  a  rcci.iect.ii'^ 
of  past  einbarrassmen.d;  bj  tfte  ce't;unty  of  ui  1(  - 
<jreiised  difficulty  in  reuist^tiu^,  Ui»on  uny  eruertjea- 


cy,  ihemaitufictures  Vv-liich  shall  be  allowed  to  pe 
lisb  and  pass  away;  and  by  a  just  sense  of  tlie  in- 
fluence of  domes' ic  manufactures  upon  the  wealth, 
power  and  independence  of  the  goverimtent. 

The  object  to  be  encouraged  and  protjscted  me- 
rits,  in  its  intrinsic  value,  as  well  as  its  general  in- 
fluence,  Jip  attention  of  the  legislature.     From  the 
peace  of  1783,  until  the  }ear  1808,  tiie  march  of 
domestic  m  .nufactures   was  slow,  but   steady.     It 
has  since  been  bold,  rapid  and  firm;    until,  at  the 
jiresent    period,  considering  the  circumst.inces  of 
time  and  pressure,  it  has  reac'ied  a  station  of  unex- 
nipled  prosperity.     Tiie  atte'iipt,  however,  to  ob- 
tin  le  ailed  and  accurate  information  upon  the  sub- 
ect,  lias  only  been  successfid,  in  a  very  limited  de- 
grie;  and,  consequently,  the  residt  must  be  present- 
ed to  the  view  of  congress,  rather  as  an  outline  and 
.m  estimate,  than  as  a  complete  and  demonstrative 
•tatcment  offsets.      Witli  tiiis  understanding,  the 
Vmerican  manuf  .ctures  may  be  satisfactorily  divid- 
ed into  tliree  priMcipal  classes;  allowing  for  such  di- 
versities of  shade,  as  will  sometimes  seem  to  render 
"le  classific:tion  of  p;irticular  manufactures  doubt- 
f  il,  or  aibiirar\ :     F:rst  class — Manufictures  wliich 
.re  firuily  and  permanently  establislit^,  ai\d  which 
■vholly,  or  almos^  wiioliy,  supply  the  demand  for 
loTTiestic  use  a:id  consump  ion.     Second  class — Ma- 
nuf..ctur;^s  w'Mch,  being  recently,  or  pariidly  est.ab- 
li.-^htMl,  do  not  at  present  supply  tlie  demand  fjr  do- 
ues'ic  use  and  coiisumpion;    liut  wliicli,  wltji  pro- 
per cul.ivation,  are  c?p.;bie  of  bei'\g  matured  to  the 
viioie  extent  of  t'le  demand.     T'nrd  class — Manii- 
f.ctutes  whi'li  are  so  .slightly  culhvated,  as  to  leave 
tiie  demand  of  tiie  country  v^']loily,  or  almost  whol- 
V,  de;.endeni  upon  foreig-n  soiu'ces  for  a  supply. 
I'lrsl  r/<i.vs— III  ■he  first  class,  it  is  believed,  the  fol- 
lowing articles  may  b^  en. braced  : 

Cabinet  Ware-,  and  all  manufactures  of  wood^ 

C-iri  iagts  of  all  descriptions. 

t';.bles  and  cord:.ge. 

Hats  of  -voo:,  fur,  leather,  chip,  or  straw,  and 

straw  bonnets. 
Iron  cj.stings,  fire  and  and  side  arms,  cannon, 

musket'i,  pistols. 
Will  low  gl.iss. 
Leather,  ^url  all  manufactures  of  leather,  includ 

ing  saddles,  bridles  and  li.irne.ss. 
P  iper  of  every  description;  blank  books^ 
Printing  types. 
Sc'coml  class — In  the  second  class,  it  is  believed,  the 
foiiowing  .irticles  may  be  embraced: 
Cotton  goods  of  the  co.irser  kinds. 
Woolen  _.^oods  of  the  co  .i.icr  Idnd  generally, 

an.i  some  of  the  finer  kiiids. 
Metal  buttons. 
Plated  wa.-es. 

Iron  manuthctures  of  the  larger  kinds;  shovels, 
spades,  axes,  hoes,  scyJiCJ,  &c.  nails,   large 
and  small. 
Pewter,  tin,  copper  and  brass  manuuxtures. 
Alum,  copperas. 
Spi'-i'.s,  beer,  ale  and  porter. 
Third' class — In  trie  third  class,  it  is  believed,  the 
following  articles  may  be  embraced: 

Co'ton  manuracturesof  the  fine   kinds;  muslins^, 
nanlci-ens,  chintzes,  stained  and  printed  cot- 
tons of  ::llde-;ci'ip'ions. 
Linen  of  ail  de.,ci  iptlnns,  linen  c.imhrics,  lawns. 
Hempen  ciotlis,  sail  ciodi,  Russian  and  Cerman 

iii'.ens. 
Silk  good'i  of  ail  descriptions. 
V»'' olen  goods  of  maity  descrintions;  worsted 
goods  or"  .ill  kinds,  stufls,  c.JlibiCvS,  blcaikelt.y 
curpeis,  und  cai-peting'. 


44,2    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  1816. 


Hosiery  of  all  descriptions,  including  knit  oi' 
wovt!.  gloves. 

Hardware  and  ironmongery,  excepting  the  large 
articles,  cutlery,  pins,  needles. 

China  ware,  earthen  ware,  porcelain. 

Glass  of  all  descriptions,  except  window  glass 
andpl'.ials. 
Tlie  matured  state  of  tlie  frst  class  of  manufac- 
tures, relieves  the  task  o  '  forming  a  tariff,  wit!:  re 
spe -I  to  them,  from  an}-  important  difficMlty.  D  •- 
ties  might  be  be  freely  imposed  upon  the  impoi-u.- 
tion  of  similar  articles,  amounting  wholly,  or  near- 
ly, to  a  proliibition,  without  cri  1  ngering  a  scarcity 
in  the  supply;  while  the  conipetition  aniorg  the  do- 
me t  c  munufvctures  alone,  would  sufuciently  jiro 
tect .  e  consumer  from  exorbit:  nl  prices  ;  gr..duai- 
ing  tiiera.  es  of  tlie  markets  gcne>;*liy  bythestand- 
ar  ■  of  ..  fair  profit,  upon  tlie  c.-.pital  and  '  brr  em- 
ployed. It  i  -  true,  however,  on  tlie  ot  I  i  r  hand,  at 
b  imposing  low  du'.ies  upon  tlic  imported  ariicles 
11.  lort  .lion  would  be  encouraged,  and  the  revenue 
increased;  but  without  adding  to  the  comfort  or  de- 
ducting fo'i:  ilie  expence  of  the  consumer,  t)ie  con- 
sumpiion  of  t!.  ■  domestic  n.annficii'V'  would,  in  a 
equiil  degree,  be  dindnished  by  tliat  operaticin,  and 
tlie  manuficture  itself  might  be  entirely  supplanted. 
It  is,  therefore,  a  question  between  tlie  gain  of  the 
revenue  and  tlic  loss  of  the  manufacture,  to  be  de- 
cided upon  principles  of  nitional  policy,  Under  the 
circumstances  of  an  al^undant  m.irket,  the  interest 
of  the  consumer  must  stand  indifi'erent,  wiitther  the 
price  of  any  article  be  paid  for  the  benefit  of  tht 
manufaciurer,  or  of  tlie  importer:  but  a  wise  go- 
vernment will,  surely,  deem  it  better  to  sacrifice  a 
portion  of  its  revenue,  than  to  sacrifice  those  histi- 
tutions  which  private  enterprise  and  wealth  liave 
connected  with  public  prosperity  and  independence. 

The  second  class  of  miuiufactures  presents  con- 
fiiderations  of  the  most  interesting-,  and  not  ot  the 
least    embarrassing-  nature,  in  the    formation    of  a 
taiifi'.     Some  remarks  have  already  been  made  up 
on  the  dai'.ger  whicii  at  present  threatens  those  m,.- 
nufiictures,  as  well  as  u))on  the  policy  of  rendering 
tlr  m  permanently  beneficial  to  the  nation;  for  it  i; 
respectfully  thought  to  be  in  the  power  of  tlie  le- 
gislature, by  a  well-timed  and  well-directed  patron- 
age, to  place  them,  within  a  very  linii  ed  period, 
upon   the  footing  on   which   the  mauuf  ctures  in- 
cluded in  the  first  class  liave  been  so  happily  placed, 
by  the  lapse  of  a  few  years,  and  the  perseverance  of 
a  comparatively    few  indivitluals.     The   means    of 
promoting  this    great  object  are  various;  but  it  ap 
pears  to  have  been  the  early  and  continued  practice 
and  policy  of  the  government,  to  afibrd  encourage- 
ment to  domestic  producis  ;nid  manufactures,  rather 
by  the  imposition  of  protecting  duties,  than  by  the 
giant  of  bounties  and  preminms;  and,  indeed,  it  is 
ill  that  course  alone,  that  the  subject  properly  falls 
■within  the  scope  of  the  present  rejiort.     Although 
some  indulgence -will  always  be  required,  for  any  at- 
tempt so   to  realize  the   national  independence,  in 
the  departmen',  of  manufactures;  the   sacrifice  can- 
not be  either  great  or  lasting.     The  inconveniences 
of  the    day  will   be  amply  cumj^ensated   by  fature 
advantages.     The    agriculturalist,    whose    produce 
and  whose  fiocks  depend  for  their  value  upon   the 
flnctuaiions  of  a  foreign  market,  will  have  no  occa- 
sion, eventually,  to  regret  the  o]5portunity  of  a  rea- 
dy sale  for  his  wool  or  his  cotton,  in  his  own    neigh- 
boriiood;  and  it  will  soon   be  understood  that  the 
success  of  the  American  manufacture,  which  tends 
to  diminish  the  profit  (ofien  the  excessive  profit)  of 
the  importer,  does  not  necessarily  add  to  the  price 
of  the  article  in  the  hands  of  the  consumer. 


A.;»  ...  .  g,  therefore,  the  ground,  that  the  ma- 
nufcttires  of  the  seco7id class  will  be  fostered  by 
t'  e  legisU'tive  care,  the  amount  of  the  protecting 
duties,  and  the  mode  of  imposing  them,  in  order  to 
be  effectual,  become  important  considerations.  It 
mtist  be  agreed,  upon  all  hands,  that  the  amount  of 
the  duties  slioiild  be  such  as  will  enable  the  rnanu- 
facturer  tomeetthe  importer,  in  the  .A-ineric^n  mar- 
ket, upon  equal  terms  of  profit  and  loss;  and  that 
t'^e  mode  of  imposing  the  duties  should  he  such  as 
to  secure  the  resulting  competition fom  the  influ- 
e>-ce  of  clandestine  or  illicit  practices.  There  still 
hoWLn'er,  emains  a  diversity  of  opinion  as  to  the 
amount  which  will  be  competent,  and  as  to  the 
mode  which  will  be  efficient;  and  the  aim  of  this 
•eport  will  be  to  strike  the  medium  which  appe.u's 
o  be  best  esablished  from  all  tlie  information  that 
h.^s  been  collected. 

Tlie  l/iird  cl(:ss  of  manufactures  does  not  require 
furtlier  attention,  at  tliis  time,  th;m  to  adjust  the 
rate  of  duty  to  the  amount  of  revenue  whicli  it  is 
necessaiyto  draw  from  them.  They  have  not  yet 
been  t!,e  objects  of  Americm  capital,  industry,  and 
enterpvize  to  any  important  degree;  and  tlie  present 
policv  of  i  lie  government  is  directed  to  protect,  and 
no    lo  create  manuf  ictures. 

There  is,  ho-vever  a  distinct  view  of  the  subject 
which  ought  not  to  be  omi'tcd.  Where  the  demand 
for  raw  mateiials,  or  manuf.^ctured  ardcies,  in  any 
of  the  departments  of  domestic  industry  is  wholi)', 
or  almost  wholly,  dependent  upon  the  supply  from 
forcit.n  nations,  the  access  to  the  American  market 
d.  ould  be  easy,  if  not  entirely  free.  Acting  upon 
this  piiuciple,  it  will  be  proper,  above  all,  to  respect 
the  interest  of  ship  buiUling  and  navigation  at  a  pe- 
riod when  the  equalization  of  the  duties  upon  ton- 
nage :.iid  merchandise,  by  the  operation  of  the  acts 
of  congress,  .>nd  treaties,  will  probably  give  rise  to 
an  ill  i  cresting  competition  between  foreign  vessels  - 
K.nd  vesselsof  the  United  States.  The  shijiping  in- 
terest, and  the  manufacturing  interest,  must  howe-  ■ 
vei-  be  reconciled:  and  consulting  best  interests,  the 
following  suggestions  arerespcctfuiiy  ofieicd: 

1.  Imported  iron  cables,  anchors,  and  bar  iron  ; 
cables,  coid..g«,  hemp,  p;^ck-i bread,  twine,  and 
sti'.es;  fJieet  copper,  copper  nails,  and  lead; 
so  fir  as  they  enter  essentially  into  the  con- 
struction and  equipment  of  ships,  and  are  not 
supplied  by  the  American  manufacturer,  ought 
to  be  lightly  taxed. 

2.  The  case  of  foreign  vessels  employed  in  bring- 
ing to  the  United  States  goods  that  are  not  the 
growth  or  manufixctuie  of  the  country  to  which 
the  vessels  belong,  may  fiu'iiish  a  proper  field 
for  legislative  regulations. 

3.  The  case  of  goods  imported  from  countries 
which  by  law  confine  the  carriage  of  such 
goods  to  their  own  vessels  resjieclively,  will  al- 
so furnish  a  proper  field  for  .similar  regulations. 

The  ])riiiciples  involvetl  in  the  proposition  for  a 
new  tariff,  in  relation  to  the  protection  of  domestic 
nianuf  .ctures,  being  thus  presented  for  considera- 
tion, the  more  general  principles  of  the  system  re- 
main to  be  briefiy  stated,  in  relation  to  the  produc- 
tion of  the  revenue — Thus: 

1.  Articles  intended  as  the  source  of  revenue  should 
never  be  so  heavily  charg-ed  with  duties  as  to 
jireveiit  imjjorlation,  or  much  to  diminish  it. 

2.  .Vrtlcles  sliould  never  be  so  heavily  charged  with 
duties  as  to  create  a  temptation  to  smuggle. 

3.  Articles  of  great  size  and  weight,  of  coinparative- 
Iv  small  value,  are  difficult  to  be  smuggled;  and, 
other  thing-s  being  equal,  they  may  be  charged 
with  higher  duties. 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— PROPOSED  NATIONAL  TARIFF.     413 


4-  Articles  of  small  size  and  great  value  ai'e  easily 
smug-g-led,  and  must  be  cliarged  with  low  duties, 
to  destroy  the  otherwise  fatal  temptation  to  evade 
the  law. 
5.  Articles  imported  to  a  g-reat  amount  should  ra- 
ther be  charg^ed  with  specific  duties  upon  theii' 
weiglit  and  measure,  in  order  to  guard  against 
evasions  jmd  fraud,  tlian  with  ad  valorem  duties 
on  their  value. 

The  difficulty  of  carrying  the  last  mentioned 
Tule  into  practice,  has  been  found  almost  insui-- 
mountable.  It  has  been  already  intimated,  that  in 
the  classification  of  manufictures,  there  were  seve- 
ral articles  differently  classed,  which  ean  scarcely 
be  disthiguished  fi'om  each  other,  and  which  could 
not  be  separately  described,  with  such  distinctness 
and  precision,  as  is  requisite  in  a  tariff,  to  mark  the 
line  of  di  .crimination  for  different  rates  of  sjiccific 
duties.  In  the  cotton  and  woollen  manufactures  of 
the  rjnited  States,  for  instance,  there  are  several 
kinds  of  goods  extensively  produced,  whose  names 
are  arbitrary,  and  continually  changing;  and  whose 
texture  and  quality  are  so  variotis,  and  so  e.isily 
altered  or  disguised,  as  to  elude  the  vigilance  and 
skill  of  tlie  custom-house.  For  this  reason — and 
considering,  also,  that  the  ascertainment  of  duties 
by  the  original  cost  of  tiie  goods,  according-  to 
their  weight  and  measiu'e,  is  sometimes  a  source 
of  vexation  to  the  importer,  le.iding,  perliaps,  to 
g-i-eat  corr\iption  in  the  execution  of  tlie  law;  the  pre- 
cedent of  the  exising  tariff  has  been  generally  pur- 
sued, which  subjects  all  goods  (for  exami)le,  all 
cotton  and  woollen  goods)  whether  fine  or  coarse; 
and  whetlier  tlieyarc,  or  are  not,  of  tlie  kinds  ma- 
nufactured in  the  United  States;  to  one  common 
rate  of  duty.  A  general  description  designates  the 
article;  renders  ti'.e  imposition  of  tlie  duty  uniform 
and  certain,  at  all  the  ports  of  entry;  and  effectual- 
ly guards  against  mistake  or  evasion. 

Upon  the  principles,  and  with  the  views  thus  sta- 
ted, the  proposition  for  the  new  tariff  has  been 
formed.  The  variations  from  the  tariff  of  perma- 
nent single  duties,  consist,  principally,  in  the  fol- 
lowing points: 

1.  Tiie  rates  of  the  duties  ad  valorem  are  chang- 
ed in  nimiber  from  thi-ee  to  eight.  Tiie  increase  of 
the  number  will  not,  it  is  thought  be  attended  with 
any  di  advantage;  and  it  will,  a.  least,  afford  a  bct;er 
means  of  ascertaining  hereafter  the  value  of  articles 
of  dirterent  descriptions,  which  are  now  blended  in 
one  class;  as  well  as  the  amount  of  the  duties  col- 
lected from  each  description.  Tlie  amount  of  the 
rates  of  duties  ad  valorem  is  also  changed  fiom 
I2i^,  15,  and  20  per  cent,  to  7i,  15,  20,  22,  28,  o'j, 
53  1-3  and  35  per  cent. 

2.  The  rates  of  the  specific  duties  are  generally 
increased  ",pon  the  amount  of  the  permanent  sin- 
gle rates,  averaging,  with  the  increase  of  the  rates 

*  of  duties  ad  valorem,  an  aggregate  of  about  42 
per  cent,  upon  the  aggregate  product  of  the  cus- 
toms, estimated  at  about  g,12,000,000  per  annum: 

3.  The  following  articles,    heretofore    free,   ai-e 
charged  with  duties,  to  wit:  cents. 
Allum,  per  cwt. 
Copperas,     do. 

Copper,  in  sheets,  rods,  bolts,  or  nails,  per  lb. 
Gum  Arabic  and  Gum  Senegal,  ad.  val.  7A  per 

cent. 
Mahogany,  per  cubic  foot 
Tin  plates,  per  box  of  100  square  feet 
Woods  for  dying 

Brazil,  IJraziletto,  Camwood,  per  ton 

Fustic,  logwood,  do. 

^'igaraguaj  do. 


200 

150 

4 


12 
150 

600 
300 
800 


Wire,  brass,  ad.  val.  22  per  cent. 

4.  The  following  articles,  heretofore  subject  to 
an  ad  valorem  duty,  are  charged  witJi  a  specific  du- 
ty, to  wit: 

Iron,  in  bars  or  bolts,  per  cwt.  75  and  150  ccnli^. 

5.  The  following  articles,  heretofore  subject 
to  s])ecific  duties,  are  charged  with  duties 
ad.  valorem;  because  the  product  of  the  specific 
du lies  has  been  so  inconsiderable,  as  to  render  it 
useless  to  distingtiish  tliom  from  tlic  mass  of  arti- 
cles charged  witli  duties  ad  valorem,  to  wit: 

Woollen  or  cotton  card«,  former  duty  per  doz.      50 

Glauber  salts,  do.  per  cwt.  200 

Hair  powder,  dj.  per  lb.  ~        4 

Lime,  do.  casks  of  60  gals.  50 

Malt,  do.  per  bushel  10 

Oclire,  yellow,  dry,  do.  per  lb.  1 

Do.        in  oil  do.  do.  1  1-2 

Pewter,  plates  and  dishes,  do.  do.  4 

Starch,  do.  do.  3 

Spanish  brown,  do.  do.  1 

Qtiicksiivcr,  do.  do.  6 

3.   The  meaiif!  of  e?: farcing-  the  tarijf. 

The  means  of  enforcing  the  collection  of  tlie  du- 
ties on  impor''S,or  in  other  words,  the  means  of  pre- 
venting or  detecting  frauds  upon  the  revenue,  re- 
quire a  prompt,  energetic,  and  steady  attention. — 
The  remedies  to  be  provided  for  tlie  existing  de- 
fects, should  be  particularly  applied,  1st,  to  guard 
against  smuggling,  by  the  clandestine  introduction 
of  merchandize,  without  report,  entry,  or  penni!; 
2d,  to  guard  against  smuggling,  in  the  case  of  du- 
ties ad  valorem,  by  fraudulent  entries  of  merchan- 
dize upon  fictitious  invoices;  3d,  to  guard  aguhist 
smuggling,  in  the  case  of  specific  duties,  by  frau- 
dulent entries  of  merchandize  upon  false  sta'e. 
mentsof  the  v\'eight,  or  the  measure;  4tl.,  to  guard 
against  smuggling,  by  clandestinely  relanding  mer- 
chandize exported  with  the  benefit  of  drawback, 
or  by  fratiduiently  olitaining  debentures  for  duties 
on  merchandize  exported  in  cases  that  are  not  cn- 
litl.  d  to  ti'.e  iMnefit.  The  de  ails  necess:uy  to  give 
effect  to  a  system  embracing  these  objects,  must 
unavoidably  be  postponed  imtil  the  sense  of  con- 
gress shall  be  ascertained;  but  it  is  p;-oper  at  this 
time  to  bring  distinctly  into  view  the  essential  fea- 
tures of  the  system.  In  addition,  therefore,  to  tiie 
provisions  contained  in  the  laws  wliich  now  regij- 
late  the  collection  of  duties  on  imports  and  toii- 
nag^e,  the  following  propositions  are  respectfully 
suggested: 

1.  That  a  competent  judicial  authorit}'^  be  provid- 
ed to  take  cogriiz.ince  of  all  suits,  prosecutions, 
informations  and  libels,  for  debts,  fines,  penal- 
ties and  forfeitures,  arising  and  accruing  under 
the  laws  of  the  United  States:  a  provision  ren-' 
dered  indispeiisable  by  late  decisions  ol"  some  pf 
the  state  cotu-ts  declining-  such  cognizance,  in 
certain  cases. 

2.  That  a  more  competent  provisicn  be  made  for 
the  employment  of  custom-house  otiioers,  cut- 
ters and  barges. 

3.  That  an  adetpiate  fund  be  created  and  set  apart 
for  the  creation  of  customhouhes,  warehou.-jes 
and  stores,  at  the  principal  |)orts  of  entry:  a  fund 
to  be  created,  first,  by  retainiiig  an  additional 
amoimt  of  the  duties,  in  cases  of  exportation  for 
the  benefit  of  drawback;  and,  sccondlj',  by  im- 
posing a  small  duty  to  be  called  ''warehouse  mo- 
ney,"" upon  every  permit  for  imUding  mercliai?- 
dizc. 


4,ii      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  181^. 


4.  That  provision  be  made  to  enforce  mure  effec- 
tii:>lly  "he  (iciij' of  reporting  and  eniering  vessels, 
and  exlubiting  manife«ts  of  their  cargoes,  upon 
tlieir  arrival  in  anv  pun  of  ihc  United  Statef:  and 
to  abolislt  the  privilege  of  making  port  eritnes. 

5.  Tliat  provision  be  made  to  giir.rd  more  eJfectu- 
ally  r.gainst  imposition  under  pretence  that  ves- 
sels arrive  in  distress,  that  goods  are  damaged, 
and  tliat  invoices  are  lost. 

6.  That  provision  be  made  to  place  all  the  avenuer. 
to  the  cargoes  of  vessels,  before  unlading,  under 
the  seal  of  the  custom-hoi.se,  and  to  keep  the 
same  mere  effecttudly  under  the  charge  of  the 
iiispccloi  s,  while  unhiding. 

7.  That  provision  be  made,  that  all  invoices  upon 
which  entries  may  be  efi'ected,  sliall  be  endorsed 
by  the  American  consul,  by  a  notary  public,  or 
■by  some  oihe'-  trust-worthy  agent,  or  officer,  to 
be  designated  by  law,  at  the  place  of  exportation, 
certifying  the  merchandize  to  be  priced  "at  the 
then  current  market  price;"  that  entries  shall 
only  be  permitted  upon  invoices  so  endorsed;  ajid 
that  the  invoices  shall  be  conspicuously  stamp- 
ed, with  the  seal  of  the  custom. house,  at  the 
time  of  entry. 

<S.  That  provision  be  made  authorising  the  collec- 
tors, in  all  cases  of  suspicion,  to  add  to  the  in- 
voice price  of  tlie  merchandize  ten  per  cent,  be- 
j'ond  the  addition  now  prescribed;  and  if  the  im- 
porter refuse  to  pay  duties  on  that  amount,  then 
either  to  take  the  merchandize  on  accomitof  the 
United  States,  at  the  additional  price,  or  to  per- 
mit an  entry  upon  the  original  invoice. 

y.  That  provision  be  made,  that  in  all  cases  the 
custom-house  officers  shall  send  merchandize 
hiiported  to  the  public  stores  for  examination; 
and  that  they  shall  be  tjiere  compared  wjth  tlie 
invoice,  identified  as  to  tlie  kind  and  quality, 
ascertained  as  to  the  weiglit  and  measure,  and 
estimated  as  to  the  value. 

10.  That  provision  be  made,  requiring  froin  the 
~  person  who  offers  to  enter  merchandize  a  decla- 
ration, whether  he  acts  as  owner,  consignee,  or 
agent;  and  whether  lie  has  been  instructed,  after 
entry,  to  hold  the  merchandize  to  the  order  of 
the  shipper,  in  which  last-mentioned  case,  the 
collector  inay  be  autjiorised  to  suspend  the  en'.rv 


l-'or  instance, 

1.  The  time  allowed  by  law  to  complete  the  expoi'i 
entries,  for  the  benefit  of  drawback,  is  only  ten  ' 
days;  and  if  not  completed  witliin  that  time  the 
■whole  amount  of  the  drawback  is  forfeited.  The 
period  should  be  extended,  and  the  penalty  for 
non-compliance  should  be  reduced. 

2.  The  right  to  export  merchandize,  with  the  benefit 
of  drawback,  ceases  at  the  expiration  of  a  year. 
The  period  might,  without  injury  to  the  revenue, 
be  enlarged. 

3.  Tlie  period  allowed  for  making  a  return  of  da- 
maged goods,  with  a  view  to  a  correspondent 
abatement  of  the  duties,  is  limited  to  tea  daysj 
and  the  importer  is  sometimes  charged  with  the 
whole  duties  on  perishable  articles,  under  tlie 
present  restrictions,  after  the  articles  liave  perish- 
ed, or  are  greatly  decayed.  A  discretion  should  be 
confided  to  the  proper  officer,  to  make  a  proper 
abatement  of  the  duties  in  both  cases,  upon  satis- 
factory proof  of  their  existence. 

lU.  v4  general  tariff  proposed  for  the  condckration  qf 
co?igress. 
Upon  the  policy  and  pi  inciples,  which  liave  been 

stated,  the  following  tariff  iii  reference  to  duties, 

drawbacks  and  bounties  has  been  formed. 
TARIFF. 

1st.  ►-?  schedule  of  the  articles  to  be  imported  into  the 
U?itted  SiatL's,  fhke  of  dtj-jt. 

AH  articles  imported  for  the  tise  of  the  United 
States. 

Philosoph.ical    apparatus,    instruments    or    books, 
specially  imported  for  tjie  use  of  any  incorporatecj 
society,  for  philosophical  or  literary  purposesj  ■ 
and  for  the  use  of  any  seminary  of  leai'iiing. 

Specimens  in  natui'al  history,  mineralogy,  botany 
and  anatomical  preparations,  models  of  machinery 
and  other  inventions. 

Wearing  apparel,  and  other  personal  bagg-age  in 
actual  use;  and  the  uuplemeiits,  or  tools  of  trade, 
of  persons  arriving  in  the  United  States. 

Rcgulus  of  antimony. 

Hark  of  the  cork  tree  unmanufactured. 

Animals  imported  for  breed. 

Rin-r  stones,  un->vTOiight.  , 

Bullion. 


mitil  the  slijpper,  or  the  person  iiaving  an  order  K-''*}'  unwrought 
from  him,  appear  to  nialce  it.  ''        """  '" 

11.  Tliat  provision  be  made,  requiring  the  seal  of  the 
custom-house  to  be  stamped  upori  all  the  origi- 
nal packages,  &c.  of  merchandize  entered  for 
ex'iortation,  and  with  the  benefit  of  drawback; 
which  shall  remain  entire  at  the  time  of  exporta- 
tioi;,  and  which  shall  be  certified  by  tiie  consul, 
or  other  proper  person,  to  remain  entire  at  die 
foreign  place  of  landing,  in  otder  to  discliarge  the 
debenture  bond. 
Tiiai  provision  be  made  more  effectually  to  se 


cure  the  revenue  from  fraud  and  imposition,  in 
the  transportation  of  merchandize  from  district 
to  district,  and  generally  in  carrj'ing  on  the 
coasting  irade. 
13.  Tliat  provision  bemade  more  effectually  to  se- 
cure the  revenue  from  fraud  and  imposiiion,  in 
making  out  invoices  in  the  money  offoreign  coun- 
tries; particuho-ly  of  such  countries  as  employ  a 
paper  currency. 

But  whi:e  these  suggestions  are  offered  to  guard 
the  collection  of  the  revenue,  and  to  secure  to  the 
jnanufacturer  the  full  benefit  of  tlie  protecting  du- 
ties, it  must  be  recollected,  that  there  are  some  pro- 
visions in  the  existing  law.s,  which  require  to  be 
■modifiedj  ia  beiialf  of  the  mercliiiiit,      - 


<Jo])per  imported  in  any  shape  for  the  use  of  the 
mint.  ' 

Copper  and  brass  in  pigs  or  bars.  Tin  in  pigs  qv 
bars,  old  copper  and  brass,  and  old  pe\vtei\ 

Furs  undressed  of  all  kinds. 

Raw  hides  and  skins. 

L.ipis  calaminaris. 

Plaister  of  Paris. 

Rags  of  any  kind  of  cloth. 

AVood;  and  wood  manufactured,  except  maliogaBu 
and  dye-wood. 

Zinc,  tutanag-,  or  spelter. 

Olive  oil,  in  caaks,  to  be  used  in  manufiictures. 

2d.  J2  schedule  of  articles  to  be  charged  itdth  duties  a4 
valorem. 
At  seven  and  a  half  per  ccnt^im. 
Dying  drugs  and  materials  for  composing  them,  not 
subject  to  other  rates  of  duty;  gum  arable;  gum 
Senegal. 
*Jewelry;  gold  and  silver  watches  and  clocks,  or 
parts  of  either,  and  of  the  frames  of  clocks,  <>f 
whatever  materials  made;  gold  and  silver  lacQ; 


*rhe  facility  of  smuggling  the  articles  here  des-. 
cribed,  can  only  be  counteracted  by  diminishing  thc 

teaiptation,  tiu'ougii  the  CRetUum  of  a  low  dutyz 


NILES'    WEEKLY  REGISTER— NEW  PROPOSBO  TARIFF.        4  j^5 


embroidery  and  epaulettes;  precious  stones,  and 
pearls  of  all  kinds,  set  or  not  set;  Bristol  stones 
or  paste  work;  and  all  ir'icles  composed  cliiefly 
«f  gold,  silvc=r,  pearl  and  precious  stones. 

l^aces  of  thread,  siJk  or  cotto'n. 

.4t  fifteen  per  cenUim. 

All  articles  not  free,  and  not  subject  to  any  otlier 
rate  of  duty. 

At  twenty  per  centum. 

Linens  of  all  descriptions,  linen  cambrics,  lawns. 

Hempen  cloth,  sail  cloth,  Russian  and  German  li- 
nens. 

Stocking-s  and  gloves  of  thread  and  silk. 

Silks,  satins,  and  all  articles  of  whiciisilk  is  the  ma- 
terial of  chief  value. 

At  tiventy-t~iUO  per  ce?itwn. 

All  articles  manufactured  from  brass,  copper,  iron, 
steel,  pewter,  lead  or  tin,  or  of  Xi'hich  liiese  me- 
tals, or  either  of  them,  is  the  material  of  chief  va- 
lue. 

Brass  and  iron  wire. 

Cutlery,  pins,  needles,  buttons  and  buckled  of  all 
kinds. 

Gilt,  plated  and  japanned  wares  of  all  kinds. 

Cannon,  muskets,  fire-arms  and  side-arms. 
At  twenty-eight  per  centum. 

Woolen  manufactures  of  all  descriptions,    and  of 
which  wool  is  the  material  of  chief  value. 
At  thirty  per  centitm. 

China  ware,  eartlien  ware,  stoneware,  porcelain  and 
glass  maimfacture. 

Bonnets  and  caps  for  women,  fans,  feathers,  orna- 
ments for  head  dresses,  artificial  flowers,  milline- 
ry of  all  sorts. 

Hats  or  caps  of  wool,  fur,  leather,  chip,  straw  or 
silk. 

Cosmetics,  washes,  balsams,  perfumes. 

Painted  floor  cloths,  mats  of  grass  or  flags. 

^allad  oils,  pickles,  capers,  olives,  mustai'd,  comfits 
or  sweetmeats  preserved  in  sugiU*  or  brandy,  wa- 
fers. 

At  thirty-three  and  one-third  {yer  centum. 

Cotton  manufactures  of  all  descriptions,  or  of  which 
cotton  is  the  material  of  cliief  value;  provided 
tliat  all  cotton  clotlis,  or  clotiis  of  wliich  cottoi. 
is  the  material  of  ciiief  value,  (excepting  nan- 
keens imported  directly  from  China)  the  'irigiii.,i 

.  cost  of  wiiich,  at  the  place  whence  imported,  shal: 
be  less  than  twenty-five  cents  per  square  yard, 
shall  be  taken  and  deemed  toliave  costtwenty-fivc 
cents  per  square  yard,  and  shall  be  charged  vvitli 
duty  accordingly. 

At  thirty  Jive  per  centum. 

Cabinet  wares,  and  all  manufactures  of  wood. 

Cain-iages  of  all  descripdons,  and  parts  thereof. 

Leatlier  and  all  manufactures  of  leather,  or  of  which 
'  leather  is  the  material  of  chief  value.     Saddles, 
bridles,  harness. 

Paper  of  every  description.  Paper  hangings,  blank 
books,  pasteboard,  parchment,  vellum,  printed 
books. 

Brushes,  canes,  walking  sticks,  whips. 

Printing  types. 

Clothing  ready  made. 

3d.  A  schedide  of  articles  to  be  charged  luith  specifi.'^ 

di'tien.  CEXTS. 

Ale,  beer  and  porter,  in  bottles,  per  gal.  2  ; 

Ditto,  imported  otherwise  tlian  in  bottles,  do.  10 

AUum,  per  cwt.  2U0 

Almonds,  per  lb.  3 

Bottles,  black  glass  quart,  per  trroce,  144 

Boots,  per  pair,                           "^  200 

Bristles,  per  lb.  3 

.  issuing  CiU-ds,  per  pack;  30 


bles  and  cordage,  tarred,  per  lb. 
Dilto,    untarred,  yarns,   twine,  packthread^ 

seines,  do. 
Candies  of  tallow,  do. 
Ditto,  of  wax  or  spermaceti,  do. 
Ciiinese  cassia,  do. 
Cinnamon,  do. 
llovea,  do. 
Cheese,  do. 
Chocolate,  do. 
Cocoa,  do. 
Coal,  per  bushel. 
Copperas,  per  cwt; 

Cupper,  in  sheets,  rods,  bolts,  or  nails,  compo- 
sition spikes,  bolts  or  nails,  per  lb.- 
Coffee,  do. 
Co. ton,  do. 
Currants,  do. 
Pigs,  do. 

Ftsli,  foreign  caught,  per  quintal, 
mackarel,  per  bbl. 
salmon,  do. 
all  other  pickled,  do. 
Glass,  window,  not  above  8  by  10  inche£,per  100 

square  feet, 
not  above  10  by  12  indhes,  do. 
above  10  by  12  mches,  do. 
Glue,  per  lb. 
Gunpowder,  do. 
Hemp,  per  cwt. 

Iron,  in  bars,  or  bolts,  excepting  rolled  iron,  do. 
in  sheets,  rods,  or  hoops,  rolled  iron  in 

bars  or  bolts  and  ancliors,  do. 
Indigo,  per  lb. 
L,ead,  in  pigs,  bars  or  sheets,  do. 

red  or  wliite,  dry  or  ground  iift  oil,  do. 
Mahogany,  per  cubic  foot. 
Mace,  per  lb. 
Molasses,  per  gallon, 
■^■'dis,  per  lb. 
Xutmegs,  do. 
Pepper,  do. 
Pimento,  do. 
Plums  and  prunes,  do. 
Haisins  in  jars  and  boxes,  and  muscatel,  do. 

all  other,  do. 
Salt,  per  bushel  of  56  lbs. 
Steel,  per  cwt. 
Segars,  per  M. 
Spirits,  from  grain,  to  wit : 

1st  proof,  per  gailonj 

2d     do.  do. 

3d     do.  do. 

4th    do.  do. 

5tli    do.  do. 

above  5th  proof,  do. 
From  otlier  materials,  to  wii:  ■ 

1st  and  2d  proof,  do. 

3d  proof,  dj. 

4th  do.     do. 

5lh  do.     do, 

above  5th  proof,  do. 
Shoes  and  slippers  of  silk,  jier  pair,  • 
of  leather,  do. 
for  children,  do. 
Spikes,  per  lb. 
S.)ap,  do. 
Sugar,  brown,  do. 

white  clayed,  or  powdered,  de.' 

lump,  do. 

loaf,  do. 

candy,  do. 
SiiuflT,  do. 
Taliow,  do.' 


4 

s."> 

o 

4 

6 

25 

25 

9 

9 

6 

8 

150 

4 

3 

3 

100 
150 
200 
100 

250 
275 
325 
5 
6 
150 
.  75 

150 
15 


12 

lUO 

5 

3 

60 
8 


2 

20 

100. 

250 

43 
45 
48 
52 
60 
75 

38 
42 
4S 
57 
70. 
40 
JO 
20 
2 

U 

4 
9 

12 
12 
12. 


446      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  1816, 


Tea,  from  China  direct,  to  wit: 
Bohea,  do. 

Soucliong',  and  other  black,  do. 
Imperial,  g-unpowder,  and  goraee,  do. 
Hyson  and  younfj  hyson,  do. 
Kyson  skin  and  other  green,  do. 
Trom  any  other  place,  to  wit: 
]?oliea,  do. 

Souchong,  and  other  black,  do. 
Imperial,  gunpowder,  and  gomee,  do. 
H^'son  and  young  hyson,  do. 
Hyson  skin,  and  other  green,  do. 
Tin  plates,  per  box  of  100  sq.  ft. 
Tobacco,  manufactured,  other  than  snuff  and 

segars,  per  lb. 
Woods,  dying,  viz: 

Brazil  wood,  brazilletto,  red  wood,    or 

camwood,  per  ton. 
Fustic  and  logwood,  do. 
Nicaragua,  do. 
Whiting,  per  lb. 
Umbrellas  or  parasols  of  silk,  each 

of  other  materials,  do. 
Frames  or  sticks  for  umbrellas  or  parasols. 
Wine,  t(i  wit: 

ISIalmsey,  Madeira,  and  London  particu- 
lar  per  gallon. 
Other  Madeira,  do. 
Burgund}',    Cliampaign,    Rhenish,    and 

Tokay, 
Sherry  and  St.  Lucar, 
Claret  and  other  wines  not  enumerated, 

when  imported  in  bottles  or  cases, 
Lisbon,  Oporto  and  otlier  wines  of  Por- 
tugal and  Sicily,  per  gallon 
Teneriffe,  Fayal,  and  otl:er  wines  of  the 

Western  Islands,  do. 
All  other  wines,  when  imported  other- 
wise than  in  case  and  bottle,  do. 

ALIEN  DUTY. 

There  shall  be  charged  an  additional  duty  of  twelve 
and  a  half  per  cent,  upon  all  goods  imported  in 
vessclsnotof  the  United  States,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  goods  Imported  in  foreign  vessels,  wliich 
are  sped  aly  entitled  by  treaty  or  acts  of  congress, 
to  be  entered  upon  payment  of  the  domestic 
duty. 

The  additional  alien  duty  of  twelve  and  a  half  per 
cent  shall  not  be  the  subject  of  drawback  in  cases 
of  exportation. 

TOJiSAGE  BtTTY  AXD  LIGHT  MONET. 

Cents. 

Ships  or  vessels  of  the  United  States,  entered 
from  any  foreign  port  or  place,  or  carrying 
goods  from  one  district  to  another  district, 
sliall  pay,  per  ton.  6 

Ships  or  vessels  built  within  the  United  States, 
but  belonging  wiioUy  or  in  part  to  the  sub- 
jects of  foreign  powers,  entering  from  a  fo- 
reign port  or  place,  shall  pay,  do.  30 

Ships  or  vessels  of  other  descriptions,  entering 
from  a  foreign  place  or  port,  or  carrying 
goods  from  one  district  to  another  within  the 
United  States,  shall  pay,  do. 

Ships  or  vessels  not  of  the  United  States,  or 
not  wholly  owned  by  American  citizens,  en- 
tering the  ports  of  the  United  States,  shall 
p;  y  for  "light  money,"  do. 

But  the  .additional  duty  upon  tonnage,  and  tlie 
light  money  imposed  upon  foreign  vessels, 
are  not  to  be  exacted  in  the  case  of  foreign 
vessels  specially  entitled  by  treaty  or  acts  of 
congress  to  an  entry  upon  domestic  duties 
and  charges  only. 


10 

25 
50 
40 
28 

14 

34 
68 
56 
38 
150 

10 


600 
300 
800 
1 
200 
100 
75 


100 
80 

75 
60 

70 

50 
40 
25 


50 


■WAREHOUSE    MOInET. 

To  constitute  a  fund  for  erecting  .and  maintaining 
custom-houses,  warehouses  and  stores, 

1.  Tiierc  iSiould  be  piid  for  every  pei-mit  to 
unlade  goods,  25  cents. 

2.  There  shall  be  retained  upon  the  amount  of 
the  duties  of  goods  exported,  for  the  bene- 
fit of  drawbacks,  (except  spirits)  five  per 
cent. 

3.  There  shall  be  retained  in  the  case  of  spirits 
exported,  for  the  benefit  of  drawback,  two 
cents  per  gallon,  and  also  three  per  cent, 
on  the  amount  of  the  duties. 

xV  separate  account  shall  be  kept  at  the  custom- 
house of  the  money  collected  for  this  fund;  and 
the  amount  shall  be  expended,  from  time  to  time, 
nnder  such  directions  as  the  president  of  the  U. 
States  shall  approve  and  authorise. 

DRAWBACKS   AND    BOUNTIES. 

There  shall  be  allowed  a  drawback  of  the  duties  on 
goods  imported  into  the  United  States,  if  the 
goods  be  exported  within  twelve  months  after 
the  time  of  importation,  subject  to  the  following 
exceptions  .and  provisions: 

1.  There  shall  not  be  an  allowance  of  drawback 
in  the  case  of  goods  imported  in  foreign 
vessels  from  any  of  the  dominions  or  colo- 
nies of  any  foreign  power  to  wliicli  the 
vessels  of  the  United  States  are  not  per- 
mitted to  trade. 

2.  There  shall  not  be  an  allowance  of  drawback 
for  the  additional  duty  of  twelve  and  a  half 
per  cent,  imposed  on  goods  imported  in 
vessels  not  of  the  United  States. 

S.  There  shall  not  be  an  allowance  of  drawback 
in  the  case  foreign  dried  and  pickled  fish, 
and  other  salted  provisions,  fish-oil,  or  play- 
ing cards. 

4.  There  shall  be  retained  upon  the  amount  of 
the  duties  of  goods  exported  for  the  benefit 
of  drawb.ick,  (except  spirits)  five  per  cent. 

5.  There  shall  be  i-eiained  in  the  case  of  spirits 
exported,  fijr  the  beiiefitof  drawback,  two 
cents  per  gallon,  and  also  three  per  cent,  on 
the  amount  of  the  duties. 

6.  The  present  bounties,  allowances,  and  draw- 
backs, shall  be  continued  in  the  case  of  ex- 
porting pickled  fish,  of  the  fisheries  of  the 
United  States;  in  the  case  of  American  ves- 
sels employed  in  the  fisheries;  and  in  the 
case  of  exporting  sugar  refined  within  the 
United  States. 

These  provisions  respecting  drawbacks  must,how- 
ever,  be  conformed  to  the  privileges  specially  allow- 
ed to  foreigners  by  treaty,  or  acts  of  congress. 

It  OJily  remains,  in  the  performance  of  the  task 
prescribed  by  the  house  of  representatives,  to  give 
a  succinct  statement  of  the  probable  product  of  the 
duties  upon  imports,  according  to  the  proposed  ta- 
riff. 

The  annual  product  of  the  single  duties,  has  been 
estimated  at  12,000,000:  and  of  this  sum,  the  speci- 
fic duties  produced  about  S'j200,000  00 
The    duties,    ad   valorem,    produced 

about,  4,800,000  00 


50 


12,000,000  00 
But  the  amount  proposed  to  be  rais- 
ed by  the  new  tariff  being,  17,000,000  00 

Such  additions  must  be  made  to  the 


old  tariff  as  will  produce. 


^5,000,000  00 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  MANUFACTURES      14\ 


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It  is  not  practicable  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  tc- 
V  nue,  heretofore  produced,  by  each  of  the  classes 
of  i^'-oods  specified  in  the  last  table;  but  it  is  suffi- 
ciently known,  that  some  of  them  produced  little, 
while  the  product  of  others  wts  proportionablv  STeat. 
Taking- the  whole,  however,  tog-ether,  it  is  estimated 
that  the  proposed  increase  of  duty  is  equal  to  100 
per  cent,  upon  the  agffri-egate  amount  of  the  former 
ad  valorem  duties.  But  the  effects  to  be  expected 
from  the  increased  duties  on  woolen  and  cotton 
.tjoods;  from  the  diminution  of  the  alien  duties,  un- 
der treaties  or  acts  of  cong-ress,  and  from  other  con- 
siderations involved  in  the  new  system,  will  not 
permit  a  hic;-her  estimate  of  the  ag-grej^ate  product 
of  the  i:icreased, rates  of  the  ad  valorem  duties,  tlian 
the  rate  of  75  or  80  per  cent,  upon  the  former  pro- 
duct. 

Assuming-,  then,  an  advance  of  80  per  cent,  upon 
4,800,000  dollars  (the  aggreg-ate  product  of  the  du- 
ties ad  valorem  as  above  slated)  the  simi  will  be 

S3,810,000 
And  adding  to  this  sum,  the  amovmt  pro- 
duced as  above  stated,  by  the  increase 
of  the  specific  duties  1,200  000 


There  will  be  produced,  to  complete  tlie 
amoun"^^  of  additional  revenue  requir- 
ed, a  sun:  of  S-5,040,000 

All  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

A.  J.  DALLAS, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasurii. 
Treasurj' Department,  Feb.  12,  18i6. 


Report  on  Manufactures. 

Rejicrt  of  the  coinmutee  'fcnnmerce  and  mumif.iriures, 
to  ivliich  runs  referred  the  memorials  and  petit/'jtts  of 
the  inmiufictiirers  of  cotton  -wool. — Februarv  13 
1816. — drdei  ed  to  lie  on  the  ty.b'e. 
The  committee  of  commerce  and  manufactures  to 
which  was  referred  tlie  memorials  and  petitions 
of  the  manufacturers  of  cotton  wool,  respectfully 
S'lbmit  the  following- 

REPORT — The  committee  were  conscious,  that 
they  had  no  ordinary  duty  to  perform,  wiien  the 
h  luse  of  representatives  referred  to  their  consider.i- 
tian,  the  memorials  and  petitions  of  the  manufac- 
Lurers  of  cotton  wool.  In  obedience  to  the  instr;ic- 
tions  of  t!ie  house,  they  have  given  great  attention 
-o  the  subject,  and  beg-  leave  to  present  tiie  result 
of  their  deliberations. 

They  are  not  a  little  apprehensive,  that  thcv 
h.ve  not  succeeded  in  dohig  justice  to  a  subject  so 
intimately  connected  witli  the  advancement  and 
prosperity  of  agriculture  and  commerce — a  sub- 
ject which  enlightened  statesmen  and  pliilosophers 
liave  deemed  not  unwortiiy  of  then-  attention  and 
consideration. 

It  is  not  the  intention  of  the  committee  to  offer 
any  theoretical  opinions  of  tluir  own,  or  of  others. 
They  are  persuaded  tliat  a  display  of  speculative 
opinions  would  noi  meet  with  aj^'ji-obation.  From 
tiiese  views,  the  committee  are  disposed  to  suae 
facts,  and  make  sucli  observations  only  as  sl;all 
be  intimately  connected  with,  and  warranted  bv, 
them. 

Prior  to  the  years  lSu6  and  180?  establishments 
for  manufacturing  cotton  wool  had  not  been  at- 
tempted, but  in  a  few  instances,  and  on  a  limited 
scale.  Their  rise  and  progress  are  attributable  to 
embarrassments  to  wlsich  commerce  was  suljiect- 
ed;  wliicii  embarrassments  originated  in  caused  not 
within  the  control  of  liuman  prudence. 


448    NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  1816. 


Wliile  commerce  flourished,  the  trade  whicli  had 
been  carried  on  with  the  continent  of  Europe,  with 
the  East-Indies,  and  with  the  colonies  of  Spain  and 
Frunce,  enriclied  our  enterprising-  merchants,  the 
benefits  of  vvhicli  were  sensibly  felt  by  the  agricul- 
turaliits,  whose  wealth  and  industry  were  increased 
and  extended.  When  external  commerce  was  sus- 
pended the  capitalists  throug-hout  the  union  became 
solicitous  to  give  activity  to  their  capital.  A  portion 
of  it,  it  is  believed,  was  directed  to  the  improve- 
ment of  agriculture,  and  not  an  inconsiderable 
portion  of  it,  as  it  appears,  was  likewise  employed 
in  erecting  establisliments  for  manufacturing  cotton 
wool.  To  make  this  statement  as  satisfactory  as 
jjossible — to  give  it  all  the  certainty  that  it  is 
susceptible  of  attaining,  the  following  facts  are 
I'espectfully  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the 
house.  They  show  the  rapid  progress  which  has 
been  made  in  a  few  years,  and  evidently  the  ability 
to  carry  them  on"  with  certainty  of  success,  should 
a  just  and  liberal  policy  regard  tliem  as  objects 
deserving  encouragement. 


Dales  of  cotton  manufac- 

IN THE  YEAR 

tured  in  manufacturing 

estabishmcnts. 

-Jt: 

1800 

500 

1805 

1.000 

1810 

10,000 

1814 

90,000 

This  statement  the  committee  have  no  reason  to 
doubt;  nor  have  they  any  to  question  the  truth  of 
the  following  succinct  statement  of  the  capital 
which  is  employed,  of  the  labor  which  it  com- 
mands, and  of  the  products  of  that  labor: 
Capital,  .  .  -  S40,000,000 

JIaies  employed,  from  tlie  age  of  seven- 
teen and  upwards,         .  .         .         10,000 
Women  and  female  children,  .  66,000 
35oys,  under  seventeen  years  of  age                  24,000 
Wages  of  one  hundred  thousand  pei'sons, 

averaging  §  150  each,        _  §15,000,000 

Cotton  wool  manufiictured,  ninety  thou- 
sand bales  amounting  to  lb.  27,000,000 
Xumber  of  ytu-ds  of  cotton,  of  vai-ious 

kinds,  ■  .  .  .        yds.  81,()0Q,000 

Cost,  per  yard  averaging  30  cents,  g24,300,000 
The  rise  and  prog-ress  of  such  establislunents  can 
excite  no  wonder.  Tiie  inducements  to  industry 
in  a  free  government  are  numerous  and  inviting. 
Eflects  are  always  in  unison  with  their  causes.  The 
inducements  consist  in  the  certainty  and  security 
which  every  citizen  enjoys  of  exercising"  exclusive 
dominion  over  the  (creations  of  his  genius,  and  tlie 
products  of  liis  labor;  in  proc.iring  from  Lis  native 
soil,  at  all  times  with  facility,  the  raw  materials  that 
are  re  juircd,  and  in  the  liberal  encourag'ement  that 
will  be  accorded  by  agriculturalists  to  those  who, 
by  their  labor,  keep  up  a  constant  and  increasing 
demand  fur  the  produce  of  argiiculture. 

Every  stale  will  participate  in  those  advantages. 
Tiieresourci?sof  each  will  be  explored,  '..>])eiied,  and 
enlarged.  Different  sections  of  the  union  will, 
according  to  tiicir  position,  the  climate,  the  popula- 
tion, the  habits  of  the  people,  and  the  nature  of 
the  soil,  strike  into  that  line  of  industry,  which  is 
iiest  adajjled  to  their  interest  and  the  good  of  the 
v.'iiole;  an  active  and  free  intercourse,  promoted 
.\.ul    f.*(:I!itat.ed  ly  i"oads   and  canals,  will   citjuct 


prejudices  which  are  generated  by  distance,  and- 
the  want  of  inducements  to  approach  each  other  and 
reciprocate  benefits,  will  be  removed;  inform.ation 
will  be  extended;  the  union  will  acquire  strength 
and  solidity,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  that  of  each  state,  will  be  regarded  as 
fountains  from  which  flow  numerous  streams  of 
public  and  private  prosperity. 

Each  government,  moving  in  its  appropriate  or- 
bit, performing  with  ability,  its  separate  functions', 
M'ill  be  endeared  to  the  hearts  of  a  good  and  gratei- 
ful  people. 

The  states  that  are  most  disposed  to  manufac- 
tures, as  regular  occupations,  will  draw  from  the 
agricultural  states  all  the  raw  materials  which 
they  want,  and  not  an  inconsiderable  portion  also 
of  the  necessaries  of  life;  while  the  latter  will,  in 
addition  to  the  benefits  which  they  at  present  en- 
joy, always  command,  in  peace  or  "in  war,  at  mode- 
rate pi'ices,  every  species  of  manufacture,  that  their 
wants  may  require.  Should  they  be  hiclined  to 
manufacture  for  themselves,  they  can  do  so  with 
success,  because  they  have  all  the  means  in  their 
power  to  erect  and  to  extend  at  pleasure  manufac- 
turing establishments.  Our  wants  being  supplied 
by  our  own  ingenuity  and  industry,  exportation  of 
specie  to  pay  for  foreign  manufactures,  will  cease. 

The  value  of  American  produce  at  tliis  time  ex: 
ported.  Mill  not  enable  the  importers  to  pay  for  the 
foreign  manuf.icturcs  imported.  Whenever  the  two 
accounts  shall  be  fairly  stated,  the  balance  against 
the  United  States  will  be  found  to  be  many  millions 
of  dollars.  S.ich  is  the  state  of  things,  that  the 
change  must  be  to  the  advantage  of  the  United 
States.  The  precious  metals  will  be  attracted  to 
them,  the  diffusion  of  whicli,  in  a  regular  and  uni- 
form current  through  the  great  arteries  and  veins 
of  the  body  politic,  will  give  to  each  member  health 
and  vigor. 

In  proportion  as  the  commerce  of  the  United 
States  depends  on  agriculture  and  manufactures,  as 
a  common  basis,  will  it  increase  and  become  inde- 
pendent of  those  revolutions  and  fluctuarions,  w  hich 
the  ambition  and  jealousy  of  foreign  governments 
are  too  apt  to  produce.  Our  navigation  v/iil  be 
quickened;  and  supported  as  it  will  be  by  internal 
resources  never  before  at  the  command  of  ar.y  na- 
tion, will  advance  to  the  extent  of  those  resouices. 

New  channels  of  trade,  to  enterprise,  no  less  im- 
portant than  produc'-ive,  are  opening,  which  can  be 
Sv  cured  only  by  a  wise  and  prudent  policy  appreci- 
ating their  advantage. 

If  w.ant  of  foresight  should  neglect  the  cultivar 
tion  and  improvement  of  them,  the  opportune  mo- 
ment may  be  lost,  perhaps  fo;  centuries,  and  the 
energies  of  this  nation  be  thereby  prevented  from 
developing  themselves,  and  from  making  the  boon 
which  is  protlered,  our  own. 

By  trading  on  our  own  capital,  collisions  with 
other  nations,  if  they  be  not  entirely  done  away, 
will  be  greatly  direiiiislied. 

This  natural  order  of  things  exhibits  the  com- 
mencement of  a  new  epoch,  which  promises  peace, 
security,  and  repose,  by  a  firm  and  steady  reliance 
on  the  produce  of  agriculture,  on  the  treasm-es  that 
are  embosomed  in  tlie  eartli,  on  the  genius  and  in- 
genuity of  oiu-  manufactures  and  mechanics,  and 
ontiie  intelligence  and  enterprise  of  our  merchants. 

The  government,  possessing  the  intelligence  and 
the  art  of  improving-  the  resources  of  ihe  nation,, 
will  uicrease  its  efficient  powers,  and,  enjoying  the 
confidence  of  iho^^c  whom  it  has  made  happ}-,  will 
oppose  to  tlie  assailant  of  the  nation's  rights,  the 
true,  the  ojily  inviircibie  J^is,  the  unity  of  \vlll.- 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  MANUFACTURES,    449 


aad  strength.  Causes  producing  war  will  be  few. 
Should  war  take  place,  its  calamitous  consequences 
will  be  mitig'ated,  and  the  expenses  and  burdens  of 
such  a  state  of  things  will  fall  with  a  weight  less 
oppressive  and  injurious  on  the  nation.  The  ex 
penditures  of  tlie  last  war  were  greatly  increased 
by  a  dependence  on  foreign  supplies.  The  prices 
incident  to  such  a  dependence  will  always  be  high. 

Had  not  our  nassent  manufacturing  estab!i.s!i 
ments  increased  the  quantity  of  commodities,  at 
that  time  in  demand,  the  expenditures  would  have 
been  much  gi-eater,  and  consequences  the  most  fatal 
and  disastrous,  alarming  even  in  contemplation, 
would  have  been  the  fate  of  this  nation.  The  ex- 
perience of  the  past  teaches  a  lesson  never  to  be 
forgotten,  and  points  emphatically  to  the  remedy. 
A  wise  government  should  heed  its  admonitions,  or 
the  independence  of  this  nation  will  be  exposed  to 
"the  shafts  of  fortune." 

The  committee,  keeping  in  view  the  interest  of 
the  nation,  cannot  refrain  from  stating  that  cotton 
fabrics  imported  from  India,  interfere  not  less  with 
that  encouragement  to  which  agriculture  is  justly 
entitled,  than  thev  do  with  that  which  ought  reason- 
ably to  be  accorded  to  the  manufactures  of  cotton 
■wool.  The  raw  material  of  which  they  are  made 
is  the  growth  of  IndiS,  and  of  a  quality  inferior  to 
our  own. 

The  fabrics  tliemselves,  in  point  of  duration  and 
use,  are  likewise  inferior  to  the  substantial  fabrics 
of  American  manufacture.  Although  tlie  India  cot- 
ton fabrics  can  be  sold  for  a  lovv^er  price  than  the 
American,  yet  the  difference  in  the  texture  is  so 
much  in  favor  of  the  American,  that  the  latter  may 
be  safefy  considered  as  the  cheapest. 

The  distance  of  most  of  the  western  states  from 
the  ocean,  the  exuberant  richness  of  the  soil,  and 
the  variety  of  its  products,  forcibly  impress  the 
mind  of  the  committee  with  a  belief,  that  ail  these 
eauses  conspire  to  encourage  manufiictures,  and  to 
give  an  impetus  and  direction  to  such  a  disposition. 
Although  the  western  states  may  be  said  to  be  in 
tlie  gristle,  in  contemplation  of  that  destiny,  to 
whicli  they  are  hastening,  yet  the  products  of  ma- 
nufactures in  those  states  are  beyoud  every  calcu- 
lation that  could  reasonably  be  made;  contrary  to 
the  opinion  of  many  enligtened  and  virtuous  men, 
who  have  supposed  that  the  inducements  to  agri- 
culture and  the  superior  advantages  of  that  life, 
wotdd  suppress  any  disposition  to  that  sort  of  in- 
dustry. But  theories,  how  ingeniously  soever  t^ley 
may  be  constructed,  how  much  soever  they  may  be 
made  to  conform  to  the  laws  of  symmetry  and  beau- 
ty, are  no  sooner  brought  into  conflict  with  facts, 
than  they  fall  into  ruins.  In  viewing  their  fragments, 
the  mind  is  irresistably  led  to  render  the  homage 
due  to  the  genius  and  taste  of  the  architects;  but 
Cannot  refrain  from  regretting  the  waste,  to  no 
piu'pose,  of  superior  intellects.  The  western  states 
prove  the  fallacy  of  such  theories;  they  appear  in 
their  growth  and  expansion  to  be  in  advance  of 
thougjit;  while  the  political  economist  is  drawing 
their  portraits,their  features  change  and  enlarge, with 
such  rapidity,  that  his  pencil  in  vain  endeavors  to 
Oetch  their  expression,  and  to  ftx  their  physiognomy. 

It  is  to  their  advantage  to  manufacture,  because, 
b}  decreasing  tlie  bulk  of  the  articles,  tjiey  at  the 
same  time,  increase  their  valtie  by  labor,  bring  tiiem 
to  market  with  less  expense,  and  with  the  certainty 
I       of  obtaining  the  best  prices. 

Tliose  states   understanding  their    interest,  will 
,  not  be  diverted  from  its  pursuit.  In  the  encourage- 
ment of  manufactures,   th-ey   find  a   stTmultR  for 
■^■gTicTilt.urcv 


The  mariufacturers  of  cotton  in  making  applicp* 
tion  to  the  national  government/or  encouragement, 
have  been  induced  to  do  so,  for  many  reasons. — 
They  know  that  their  establishments  are  new  and 
in  their  infancy,  and  that  they  have  to  encounter  a 
competition  with  foreign  estubllslimenis,  that  liave 
arrived  at  maturity,  that  are  supported  by  a  large 
capital,  and  tliat  have  from  the  government  eveiy 
protection  that  can  be  required. 

The  American  manufacturers  expect  to  meet 
with  all  the  embarrassments  which  a  jealous  and 
monopolizing  policy  can  suggest.     The  committee 

are  sensible   of  the  force  of  such  considerations. 

They  are  convinced  that  ohl  practices  and  maxims 
will  not  be  abandoned  to  favor  tlie  United  States. 
The  foreign  manufacturers  and  merchants  will  put 
in  requisiiion  all  the  powers  of  ingenuit}';  will 
practi.se  whatever  art  can  devise,  and  capital  can 
accomplish,  to  prevent  the  American  manufactur- 
ing establishments  from  striking  root  and  floiu-ish- 
ing  in  their  rich  and  nativa  soil.  By  the  allowance 
of  bounties  and  drawbacks,  the  foreign  manufac- 
turers and  merchants  will  be  fiu-nished  with  addi- 
tional means  of  carrying  on  the  conflict,  and  of  en- 
suring success. 

The  American  manufacturers  have  good  reasort 
for  then-  apprehensions;  they  have  much  at  stake. 
They  have  a.  large  capital  e'mployed,  and  are  feel- 
ingly alive  for  its  fate.  Should'  the  national  go- 
vei-nment  not  afford  them  protection,  the  dangers 
which  invest  and  threaten  them,  will  destroy  all 
their  hopes,  and  will  close  their  prospects  of  utilitv 
to  their  country.  A  reasonable  encouragement  will 
sustain  and  keep  them  erect;  but  if  they  fall,  they 
fall  never  to  rise  again. 

The  foreign  manufacturers  and  merchants  know 
this;  and  will  redouble  with  renovated  zeal  the 
stroke  to  prostrate  them.  Tliey  also  know,  that 
should  the  American  manufactming  establishments 
fall,  their  mouldering  piles — the  visible  ruins  of  a 
legislative  breath,  will  warn  all  who  shall  tread  in 
the  same  footsteps,  of  the  doom,  the  inevetable  des- 
lin}'  of  their  establishments. 

The  national  government,  in  viewing  the  disas- 
trous effects  of  a  short  sighted  policy,  may  relent; 
but  what  can  relenting  avail.''  Can  it  raise'thedead 
to  life.''  Can  it  give  for  injuries  inflicted,  the  re- 
paration that  is  due.''  Industry,  in  every  ramifica- 
tion of  society,  will  feel  the  shock,  and  genera- 
tions will,  as  they  succeed  each  other,  feel  the  ef- 
fects of  its  undulations.  Dissstisfaction  will  be  vi- 
sible everywhere,  and  the  lost  confidence  and  af^ 
fection  of  the  citizens,  will  not  be  the  least  of  the 
evils  the  government  will  have  to  deplore.  But 
should  the  national  government,  pursuing  an  en- 
lightened and  liberal  policy,  sustain  and  foster  the 
manufiCturing  establishments,  a  few  years  would 
place  them  in  a  condition  to  bid  defiance  to  foreign 
competition,  and  would  enable  them  to  increase 
the  industry,  wealth,  and  prosperity  of  the  nation; 
and  to  afford  to  the  government,  in  times  of  diffi- 
culty and  distress,  whatever  it  may  require  to  sup- 
port public  credit,  while  maintaining  the  riglits  of 
the  nation. 

Providence,  in  bountifaily  plachig  within  our 
reach,  whatever  can  minisier  to  h:,ppiness  and 
comfort,  indicates  plainly  to  us  our  duty — and  what 
we  owe  to  ourselves.  Oui*  resources  are  abundant 
and  inexhaustible. 

The  stand  that  Archimedes  waitted,  is  given  ta 
the  national  and  state  governments — and  labor-sav- 
ing machinery  tenders  the  lever — the  power  of 
bringing  those  resources  into  use. 

Thispewer  imparts  meal cuiitbl'S  advantages- to  a 


^50      NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARt  24,  1816. 

nation  whose  population  is  not  full.  The  Uniled I  venteen  millions  of  dollars,  the  b  lance  dueforBpi. 
States  recniire  the  use  of  this  power,  because  they  tish  manufactures  imported;  this  balanc  being-over 
do  not  abound  in  population.  The  diminution  of  and  above  the  value  of  all  the  exports  to  foreign 
manual  labor,  by  means  of  machinery,  in  tlie  cot- 
ton manufacture'  of  Great  Britain,  was,  in  the  year 
1810,  as  two  himdred  to  one. 

Our  manufactures  have  already  availed  them- 
selves of  this  power,  and  have  profited  by  it.  A 
little  more  experience  in  mailing' machines,  and  in 
managing  them  with  skill,  will  enable  onr  manufac- 
turers to  supply  more  fabrics  than  are  neccssai-y 
for  the  home  demand. 

Competition  will  make  the  prices  of  tlie  articles 
low,  and  the  extension  of  the  cotton  manufactories 
will  produce  that  competition. 

One  striking  and  important  advantage,  which  la- 
bor-saving machines  bestow,  is  this,  that  in  all  their 
operations  they  require  few  men,  as  a  reference  tu 
another  piu't  of  this  report  will  show.  No  appre- 
hensions can  then  be  seriously  entertained,  that 
agi'iculture  will  be  in  danger  of  having  its  efficient 
laborers  withdrawn  from  its  service. 

On  tlu:  contrary,  the  manufacturing  establish- 
ments increasing  the  demand  for  raw  materials  will 


give  to  agriculture  new  life  and  expansion. 

The  committee  after  having,  wi'tb  great  defer- 
ence and  respect,  presented  to  the  house  this  im- 
portant subject,  in  various  points  of  viiw,  feel  them- 
selves constrained,  before  concluding  this  report,  to 
offer  a  few  more  observations,  which  they  consider 
as  being  immediately  connected  with  it,  and  not 
less  so.  with  the  present  and  future  prosperity  of 
this  nation. 

The  prospects  of  an  enlarged  commerce,  are  not 
flatterhig. 

Every  uation  in  times  of  peace  will  supply  its 
own  wants  from  its  own  resources,  or  from  those  of 
other  nations. 

When  supplies  are  drawn  from  for^gn  countries, 
the  intercourse  which  will  ensue,  will  furnish  em- 
ployment to  the  navigation  only  of  the  countries 
connected,  by  their  reciprocal  wants. 

Our  concern  does  not  ai'ise  from,  nor  can  it  be  in- 
creased bv,  the  limitation  which  our  navigation  and 
trade  will  have  prescribed  to  them,  by  the  peace 
and  appru-ent  repose  of  Euro]je. 

Our  apprehensions  arise  from  causes  that  cannot 
animate  by  their  efi'ects.  Look  wheresoever  tlie 
eve  can  glance,  and  what  are  the  objects  tliat  strike 
the  vision.  On  the  continent  of  Eurojie,  industry, 
deprived  of  its  motive  and  inciten^ent,  is  paralyzed; 
the  accumulated  wealth  of  ages,  seized  by  the 
hand  of  militai-y  despotism,  is  appropriated  to  and 
squandered  on  objects  of  ambition;  tlie  order  of 
things  unsettled,  and  confidence  between  mini  and 
man  anniliilated.  Every  moment  is  looked  for,  wilii 
tremulous,  anxious,  and  increased  solicitude;  ho;>e 
Imguishes;  and  commercial  enterprise  stiflens  wiih 
fear.  The  political  liorizon  appears  to  be  calm,  but 
many  of  no  ordinary  sagacity  think  they  behold 
signs  portentous  t)r  a  change,  the  indications  of  a 
violent  tempest  which  will  again  rage,  and  desolate 
that  devoted  region. 

Should  this  prediction  fail,  no  change  for  the  bet- 
ter, imder  existing  circumstances,  can  take  place. 
Where  des])otism — militai'y  despotism  reigns — si- 
lence and  fearful  stillness  must  prevail. 

Such  is  t!ie  prospect  which  continental  Europe 
exhibits,  to  the  enterprise  of  American  mer- 
ch  ants. 

Can  itbe  possible  for  tliemto  find  in  that  region, 
sources  which  will  supply  thejii  wi,th  more  than  se- 


coun<ries  from  tlie  Unitetl  States.  The  view  whicli 
is  g-ivcn  of  tlie  drearv  prospect  o  c^immercial  ad- 
vantages accruing  lo  the  United  StaU-s  hv  an  inler- 
course  v.-it'n  contine  itid  Europe,  h  be'ieVed  to  be 
just.  The  st.itenieiit  .n  de  of  tlie  great  balance  in 
Ttvor  of  Creat  Briudn  due  from  the  United  Scoites, 
!:i  founded  on  matter  ol  f.,ct. 

In  ilie  hands  of  Oreat-Brit  iin,  are  g.-thered  toge- 
ther and  held  many  powers,  ivhicii  thevhave  no.  ac- 
customed liitiierto  to  f'-el  and  to  exerci.se. 

No  improper  motives  are  intended  to  b?  imputed 
to  tiiat  government.  But  does  not  experience  teach 
■I.  lesson  that  should  never  be  f  >.'<otton,  liirJ  ,;o- 
vernments,  like  individuals,  are  apt  "to  feel  po'ver 
and  forget  rigiit  "  Jt  is  not  inconsistent  v.'ith  nation- 
al decorum,  to  opc  )me  ci;cumspect  and  prudent. — 
May  not  the  goveiMiinent  oi'  Oreat  Britain  be  inclin- 
ed, in  analysing  tlie  basis  of  hci- political  yo'ver,  to 
consider  andreg:vrd  tlie  Uni  ed  States  as  lier  rival, 
and  to  indulge  an  improper  jealousy,  the  enemy  of 
peace  and  repose? 

Can  it  be  politic,  in  any  point  of  view,  to  make 
the  United  Slates  dependent  on  any  nation  for  sup- 
plies, absolutely  necessary  for  defence,  for  comfort, 
and  for  accommodation.'' 


Will  not  the  strengtli,  the  political  energies  of 
this  nation  be  materially  impaired  at  any  time,  but 
fatally  so  in  those  of  difficulty  and  distress,  by  such 
dependence? 

Do  not  the  snggestions  of  wisdom  plainly  show, 
that  the  security,  the  pe.xe  and  the  happiness  of 
this  nation  depend  on  opening  and  enlarging  all 
oiu'  resources,  and  drawing  from  them  wliatever 
shall  be  required  for  public  use  or  private  accom- 
modation? 

The  committee,  from  the  views  wlilch  they  have 
taken,  consider  the  situation  of  the  manufacturing 
establishments  to  be  perilous.  Some  have  decreas- 
ed and  others  have  suspended  business  A  liberal 
encouragement  will  put  them  again  into  operation 
with  hicreased  powei-s;  but  should  it  be  withheld, 
they  Vv'ill  be  prostrated.  Tiiousands  will  be  reduced 
to  want  and  wretchedness.  A  capital  of  near  sixty 
millions  of  dollars  will  become  inactive,  ihe  greater 
part  of  which  will  be  a  dead  loss  to  the  manuf.ic- 
turers.  Our  improvidence  may  lead  to  fatal  con- 
sequences: the  powers,  jealous  of  our  growth  and 
prosperity,  will  acquire  tiie  resources  and  strength 
which  this  government  neglects  to  improve.  It 
requires  no  prophet  to  fore i el  the  use  tliat  fo- 
reign powers  will  make  of  them.  The  committee, 
from  all  the  considerations  which  they  have  given  to 
ibis  subject,  are  deeply  impressed  with  a  convic- 
tion that  the  manuf  icturing  establishments  of  cot- 
son  wool  are  of  real  utility  to  the  igricultural  in- 
terest, and  that  they  contribute  inuch  to  the  pros- 
perity of  the  union.  Under  the  influence  of  this 
convic'ion,  the  committee  beg  leave  to  tender, 
respectfully,  with  this  report,  the  following  resolu- 
tion: 

Resolved,  That  from  andafer  the  30th  day  o' 
June  next,  in  lieu  of  the  duties  now  authorised  by 
law,  there  be  laid,  levied,  .md  collected  on  cotton 
goods,  imported  into  the  United  States,  and  terri- 
tories tliereoi^  fiom  any  foreign  country  whatever, 
per  ccn'uni  acl  valoiv.ra,  being  not 
legs  cents  per  square  yard, 


NILES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— CHRONICLE. 


451 


American  Manufactures. 

C^Mr.  Jeffetison's  letteii,  on  the  interesting  sub- 
jectof  domestic  manufactures,  an  extract  of  whicli 
is  introduced  below  by  the  Boston  Chronicle,  y.ill 
be  read  vvitli  the  attention  due  to  such  a  writer 
on  such  a  theme. 

Ameiiica.v  manufactures.— As  the  subject  relating- 
to  .'American  mamifactures  is  so  earnestly  ur[,'e<l  by 
various  petitions  to  congress,  we  are  induced  to 
publish  the  sentiments  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  in  answer 
to  a  letter  written  to  him,  to  explain  his  remark,  in 
his  Notes  on  Yirg-inia,  "that  i/ie  -uorh  shops  of  Eu- 
rope are  the  most  proper  to  furnish  the  supplies  of 
manufactures  to  the  Uiiited  States."  The  rjhole  let- 
ter from  this  renowned  patriot,  is  a  volume  of  in- 
strrtction.  At  present  we  sh;iU  confine  ourselves  to 
notice  his  reply  on  the  question  o?  mamifactures. 

"WliO  could  have  imngined  (says  he)  that  the  two 
most  distinguished  in  tlie  rank  of  nations,  for  ncience 
and  civilization,  would  have  suddenly  descended 
from  their  honorable  eminence,  and  setting  at  defi- 
ance all  tiiose  moral  laws  established  by  the  Author 
of  Xature  between  nation  and  nation,  as  between 
man  and  man,  would  cover  eartli  and  sea  with  rob- 
beries and  piracies,  merely  because  they  were  strong 
enough  to  do  it  with  tonporai  impimitt/,  and  that  un- 
der this  disb^pment  of  nations  from  social  order, 
■WE  sliould  hav|^een  despoiled  of  a  thousand  siiips, 
and  iiave  thousands  of^r  citizens  reduced  to  A!ge- 
rine  shnery? — Ye i^his^a% taken  place.  Tlie  British 
interdicted  to  oilliBeas«^|  all  harbors  of  the  globe, 
wj^iout  they  ha(|3JrsL  prsceeded  to  some  one  of 
hers,  there  paid  tribute  proportioned  to  their  car- 
go, and  obtained  a  license,  to  proceed  to  the  port  of 
destination.  The.  Frdnch,  on  the  otlier  side,  declar- 
ed the  American  ships  to  be  lawful  prizes,  if  they 
had  touched  at  the  port,  or  even  been  visited  by  a 
ship  of  the  enemy  nation.  Thus  were  the  United 
States  completely  excluded  from  the  ocean.  Compare 
(says  Mr.  Jefferson)  this  "state  of  things  with  that 
of  'S5,  and  say  whetlier  an  opinion,  fonnded  in  the 
circumstances  of  that  dai/  (in  which  tlie  Notes  on 
Virginia  were  written)  can  be  fairly  applied  to  those 
of  the  present.  We  have  experienced  what  we  did 
not  tiien  believe,  tliat  tiiere  did  exist  both  profligacv 
and  povjer  enough  to  exclude  the  United  States 
from  the  field  of  intercoin-se  with  other  nations. 
We,  tlierefore,  have  a  right  to  conclude,  that  to  be 
independent  for  the  comforts  of  life  toe  must  fabricate 
them  ourselves.  We  must  now  place  the  manvfactur- 
er  by  the  side  of  tlie  agricultu.-alist.  The  question 
of  'Js5  is  sup;)i-es6ed,  or  racher  ,.ssmnes  a  new  form. 
Tiie  question  is,  shall  -'ve  manufacture  our  own  com- 
■  forts,  or  go  without  them  at  the  ivill  of  a  foreign  na- 
tion? He,  the'"efore,  who  is  now  against  domestic 
ma.uifactures,  must  be  for  reducing  us  to  a  depen- 
dence upon  foreign  nations. — I  .\m  sot  one  ov  tukse." 


p  .v.^ge,"  passed  the  twenty-third  day  of  Decem- 
ber, one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fourteen,  as 
imposes  additional  du'ies  on  postage,  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby  repealed. 

n.  CLAY, 
Speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives. 
JOHN  GAILLARD, 
President  of  the  senate  pro  tempore> 
February  1,  1816 — Approved, 

JAMES  MADISON. 


Extra  postage  repealed. 

An  act  to  repeal  so  much  of  an  act,  p..s.;e(l  on  the 
23d  day  of  December,  one  tliousaiid  eight   hun 
dred   and  fourteen,  as  imposes  additional  dutii.i 
on  postage. 

-Be  it  enacted  by  the  senate  and  liuuse  of  represen- 
tatives of  the  United  States  of  jTnterica  in  congress 
assembled.  That  from  :md  afLcr  the  liiir'.', -first  d..v 
of  March  next,  so  much  of  the  act,  entitled  "An 
act  to  provide  additional  reveimes  fv.r  dcfiujing  ll;e 
expenses  of  g-overnment  and  maintaining  the  pub- 
lic credit  by  duties  on  sales  at  auction,  and  on  )i- 
/Jences  to  retail  wines,    si)iri'uoiis  liquori>    and  fo- 


CHRONICLE. 

American  prisoners  at  Carthagena. — A  memorial 
requesting  the  interposition  of  tlie  government  of 
the  United  States,  for  the  relief  of  our  citizens  de- 
tained at  Carthagena,  has  been  extensively  signed 
in  Baltimore,  and  we  believe,  sent  on  to  Wasliing- 
ton  City.  It  is  brief  and  eloquent,  indeed;  appeal- 
ing, in  a  manner  that  must  be  lespected,  to  the  state  in 
wl'.ich  we  ourselves  were  placed  during  our  revolu- 
tion. What  was  right  then  is  right  now;  and  we 
trust  that  an  immediate  and  vigorous  exertion  may 
be  made  to  relieve  an  unfuriunate  people  from  tiie 
miserable  deaths  designed  for  them  by  the  abomi- 
nable wretches  who  at  present  have  them  in  their 
power.  Great  Britain  did  no  more  than  make  pri- 
soners of  war  of  the  French  and  otiiers  who  admi- 
nistered to  our  aid  and  comfort,  during  our  struggle 
for  indeperidence,  that  she  got  possession  of.  But 
in  the  present  case,  the  Spaniards  have  not  a  right 
to  proceed  so  far — for,  as  the  Baltimore  JPatriot 
justly  observes — "The  seiziue  of  our  vessels  by 
tlie  Spanish  general  was  eniirely  illegal,  because 
we  understand  the  blockade  of  Carthagena  had  nei- 
ther been  notified  to  our  government,  nor  ever  car- 
ried into  effect;  it  was  merely  a  nominal  one,  if  ijt 
it  ever  had  been  declai-ed.  The  Spanish  ships  of 
war,  as  we  leai-n,  were  not  at'.empting  to  enforce 
tlie  blockade,  and  our  vessels  were  jjermitted  to 
enter  unmolested,  umil  they  had  come  to  anchor; 
some  of  them  were  even  decoyed  in.  But  if  tlie 
blockade  and  the  seizure  of  our  vessels  had  both 
been  legal,  the  imprisonment  and  ill-treatment  of 
their  captains,  supercargoes  and  crews,  are  a  Jior- 
rible  ouirage,  not  only  upon  humanity,  but  against 
our  national  honor,  and  against  the  laws  and  usages 
of  civilized  war. 

Good.  The  legislature  of  Virginia  have  rejected, 
the  Hartford  Convention  amendments  to  the  consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  ratified  by  the  states 
of  JMassaciiusetls  .ind  Conneciicut  (oiilv)  as  ''inex- 
pedient"— and  adopted  that  proposed  b}  North  Ca- 
rolina, for  districting  each  state  for  the  election  oi" 
members  of  congieis  and  electors  of  president. — 
.Massachusetts  has,  jiowever,  rejecied  thi:;  proposi- 
tion— on  wh.it  grounds  we  know"  not;  indccil,  we  are 
at  a  loss  to  conceive  any  reasonable  pica  U')on  wliichr 
it  can  be  oojected  to,  by  the  real  fVicnds  of  fair  re-' 
presentation. 

Board  of  public  works.  Fro^ii  the  Richmond  En- 
quirer, oj  Feb.  15.  Yesterday,  the  legislature  or  V iv- 
ginia  were  engag-ed,  during  ilie  greater  p.u-i  of  their 
Session,  in  appointing  the  directors  who  are  to  cen- 
j'.Kute  the  board  of  pubuo  works,  under  the  late 
act  coiis;iiuting  a  fund  fur  internal  improvement. — 
Tiie  foliov.ing person;  were  appoime-i  for  that  use 
f.i!  otfice.  Among  Lnem  we  recugiuze  tiie  '"Sage  of 
.VIoniiceilo,"  tne  man  who  penned  tlie  dccia.-ation 
;f  Ainerx.-n  independence;  the  citizen  whom  a 
graieful  people  deligliL  to  honor: 

Alexander  Smyth,  Le~i>is  Summers,  John  Stoke-. 


reign  merchiuKUz.e,  and  for  inci;cHshi^  the  rates  of  levito  the  westward  of  t'he.  Aiifgany  inymtains. 


i62     NTLES'  WEEKLY  REGISTER— SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  181^. 


Andrew  Alexander,  James  M.  Marshall,  between 
the  AUeganv  mouniains  and  the  Blue  Ridge. 

Thomas  j'ciierson,  Cliarles  F.  ^[ercer,  William  I. 
Lewis,  between  the  Biue  Ridge  and  the  head  of  tide 
water. 

John  Mercer,  Littleton  W.  Tazwell,  between  the 
head  of  tide  water  and  the  sea  coast. 

Jialtmore  exclmmre. — Tlie  trustees  of  this  mag- 
T.ificent  fabvick,  (that  is  to  be)  have  issued  pro])()- 
sals  to  various  mechanics  and  others,  fur  supplies 
of  materials  and  labor.  An  idea  may  be  formed  of 
the  mag-nitndeof  the  design,  by  noticing  that  they 
wish  to  contract  absolutely  for  1,50U,000  brick,  with 
liberty  to  extend  the  agreement  to  two  mi/lions. 

Honor  to  the  brave.  Tlie  legislature  of  Virginia 
have  voted  the  thanks  of  the  commonwealth,  witli 
suitaole  swords,  to  maj.  gen.  W.  Scott,  maj.  gen. 
Gaines,  lieut.  col.  G.  M.  Brooks,  and  to  the  nearest 
male  relative  of  the  late  capt.  John  Ritchie  and 
maior  Holmes,  of  the  army;  and  captain  Henly,  of 
the  naw,  all  native  citizens  of  that  state.  The 
particular  occasions  in  which  those  persons  distin- 
guished them.selves  are  mentioned  in  the  resolve; 
7Mit  they  are  too  notorious  to  the  readers  of  the 
Jit'[;-/nier  to  req'iire  it  Ivere. 

Gni.  JIamson  has  recently  been  publicly  enter- 
tained at  Frankfort,  Ky.  by  a  number  of  citizens 
and  members  of  the  legidature,  "to  evince  their 
respect  for  his  faithful  services  during  the  late  war." 
JAv/it  restored.  A  poor  woman  who  had  been 
Win-l  t/i/rti'-six  years,  was  lately  restored  to  sight 
by  Dr.  Worth,  of  New-London. 

Difference — The  legislatui-e  of  New-Jerscy,  at 
the  request  of  the  inhabitants,  have  lately  changed 
the  name  of  a  township  and  called  it  La-wrence,  in 
honor  of  the  late  captain  L.  of  the  navy.  During 
the  war,  and  at  the  very  moment  when  we  were 
threatened  with  U'eUington  and  his  "invincibles," 
the  legislature  of  Massachusetts  called  a  townsliip 
in  that  state  by  the  name  of  Wellinctox.  What 
would  these  folks  iiave  said  if  the  legislature  of  a 
state,  at  the  time  of  our  quasi  war  with  France,  i:: 
1799,  had  called  a  town  by  the  great  name  of  Tal 
fey  rand? 

GEonrjiA  sufJAit. — It  appears  that  g-reat  efforts  are 
making  to  cultivate  the  cane  in  Georgia.  It  has  been 
Paised  successfuUj  120  or  139  miles  from  the  sea- 
coast.  It  is  said  th'  pine  land  answers  equal  to 
any  other,  which  is  very  cheap.  That  sugar  will 
speedily  become,  perhaps,  the  chief  staple  of  Geor- 
gia, seems  now  resolved  to  a  moral  certainty;  and 
a  sudden  effect  in  commeixe  may  be  expected,  wliich 
will,  also,  not  a  little,  effect  other  nations,  the  Bri- 
tish especially — who  have  acted  as  if  they  thought 
they  liad  a  monopol\'  of  that  valuable  article. 

Jin  occurrence  at  ..'K^ew-Or/pime  is  mentioned  in  a 
letter  from  a  gentleman  there  to  his  friend  in  New- 
York,  whicii  m;iy  teach  a  lesson  to  some  o.licers,  &c. 
who  come  from  Upper  Canada  to  embark  for  Eu- 
rope, and  when  there,  forget  that  tliey  are  out  of 
liis  Britatmic  majesty's  dominions. 

On  the  3d  of  Jamiju-y,  tlie  citizens  of  New  Orleans 
"began  to  celebrate  in  a  very  festive  manner  tlie  first 
anniversary  of  Jackson's  operations,  below  that  city; 
wliich  celebration  was  to  be  continued  imtil  the  8th 
mcluslve.  Among  the  Tiritish  merchants  or  agents 
wlio  were  purchasing  cotton  in  the  city,  was  a  man 
named  Pritchard,  who,  at  tlie  coffee  house,  was  so 
indiscreet  as  to  use  scurrilous  and  reproaciiful  l;-.n 
g^uage  in  speaking  of  the  Americans;  applying  con 
temjituous  epithets  to  the  yankee  army  and  navy, 
liideed,  the  Britisli  consider  the  term  vankee  as  r. 
reproach,  and  so  use  it.     An  aged  man  present  tor>l< 


down  Pritchard's  words,  and  had  them  placarded 
in  the  room.     Presently  after,  a  major  Hunter  came 

in,  and  was  informed  of  Pritchard's  conduct. 

The  major  wrote  liim  a  note,  requiring  him  to  come 
to  the  coffee-house  the  next  day  and  make  a  public 
apology.  The  limited  hour  expired  without  the 
appearance  of  P.  on  the  Rialto — when  Hunter  re- 
paired  to  the  lodgings  of  the  British  agent,  and  ad- 
ministered to  that  offender  a  qitaiitnm  sufficit  of 
stripes  with  a  cowskin-whip.  Pritchard  thus  dis- 
gr.'ced,  was  stimulated  by  his  fellows,  to  challenge 
major  H.  to  a  duel;  and  finding  no  other  mode  of 
allaying  popular  contempt,  or  replacing  himself  in 
some  sort  of  estimation,  he  adopted  their  advice.—. 
The  major  accepted  the  invitation,  and  chose  the 
distance,  (five  paces.)  On  thefirst  fire,  Pritchard 
was  shot  through  the  body.  The  letter,  written ' 
about  an  liour  af'er,  says  that  the  ball  was  extract- 
ed from  the  opposite  side,  and  the  man  was  not  ex* 
pectedto  survive. —  Col. 

Grntitude!  The  British  government  (says  the 
Hartford Mvrcury")  are  now  paying  the  New-Englan«J 
states  for  their  infamous  "Hartford  Convention"  by 
laying  a  duty  of  five  dollars  on  each  ton  of  plas- 
ter of  Paris  brought  to  any  of  them  east  of  New- 
Haven. 

SiNGCLAH  occrRnEXCE!  PhilaiMphia,  Feb.  10. — 
A  stage  between  tliis  and  Trentofifeok  fire  and  was 
entirely  consumed.  It  was  oceiJioned  by  a  pas- 
senger putting  a  hot  hrickl'ton  the  floor  of  the  stage 
to  keep  his  feet  warm;  and  ^^•hat  is  most  extraordi- 
nary, it  burnt  with  such  rai)idity,  that  the  pi^ssen- 
gers,  6  in  number,  with  diiUculty  made  their  es(fepe. 
Gazette. 


CONGr.ESS 

0^  The  very  interesting  and  uTiportant  nature  of 
tl'.e  articles  we  have  the   pleasure  to  lay  before 
our  readers  in  the  preceding  pages,  will   afTorA 
an  apology  for  the  omission  of  many  others,  and 
among  them,  the  usiud  journal  of  the  proceedings 
of  congress.     As  it  is  a  gi-eat  object  to  continue 
this  joiu-nal  stiflRciently  m  detail   for   reference, 
&c.  we  shall  postpone  it  until  next  week,  rather 
than  omit  it — the  fallowing  brief  outline  serving 
ordinary  purposes  until  then: 
^is  to  the  treatij.     The  senate  having  resolved  to" 
insist  on  their  disagreement  with  the  house  of  re- 
presentatives, committees  of  conference  were  rais- 
ed,   who  agreed   upon  certain  modifications,  which 
will  piobably  be   raificd  bj  both  houses. 

Canadian  volunteers.  The  1)111  to  compensate  ceP* 
tain  Canadian  volunteers,   by  a  bounty  in   land,  ac-  ' 
cording-  to  their  rank,  was  passed — yeas  89,  nays  54., 
Yeas  and  nays  liereafter. 

Disbanded  oflicers.  The  house  concurred,  yeas 
77  nays  59,  with  the  senate,  to  strike  out  the  34 
section  of  the  bill  making  further  provision  for  mili- 
tary services,  which  went  to  give  a  bounty  in  land 
to  the  officers  late  of  the  army  of  the  United  States, 
yeas  and  nays  iiereafter. 

.'N'utioval  University.  The  committee  on  that  part 
of  the  president's  mess.ige  wliich  reh.tes  to  tliia 
.-ubjtci,  have  reported  a  bill  for  the  purpose. 

Ti,e  late  Gen  Wasidngton.  In  consequence,  (wrf 
presume)  of  certain  prortedii>gs  of  the  ItgislaMirft- 
of  Virginia  v.hich  liavf  fiir  their  object  the  deposi- 
lion  of  the  remains  of  the  illustrious  IVashington, 
at  Richmond,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  monu^ 
ment  ovco*  them,  a  motion  has  pi  evaded,  in  both 
iiouses,  to  raise  commit' ees  to  ex.^mirie  the  pro- 
ceedings of  a  former  cong-ress  toucliin^  this  mai- 
ler, and  report  thereon. 


END  OF  VOLUME  THE  NINTH, 


NILI58'   WEEKLY   REGISTEII. 


SUPPLKMEXT  TO  VOLfJME  THF.  NINTH. 


Hc£c  olim  meminis\-e  Juvabit. — YinoiL. 


PRIXTEB   AND   PUBLISHKD   HY   H.   NILES,    AT  THK   HEAD  OF  CHTIAPSIDK,   AT   S^  FEtl   AN^fl'M. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


co\SRESsros.^i.  nr.BATES. 
The  speeches  or  remarks  of  Messrs.  Clay,  Gas- 
ton, Forsyth,  Robertson,  Tucker,  \Vri,s;-iit, 
Throop,  Calhoun,  Reynolds,  Easto-.i,  Pink- 
ney,  Randolph,  Pickerlnjj,  Taylor,  Wilde, 
Shettey  and  tiug-er,  in  tlie  house  of  repre- 
sentatives— on  the  ireuttf-makriig- poioer       :  9 

r,AW    CASES. 

Mariners'  -Mages.    Judge  Story's  opinion  in  the 

case  of  the  Saratog'a,  Keatinge,  claimant         170 
important  decision  in  Virg-inia — decliiiin_<^  ju- 
risdiction of  certain  cases  arising-  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  Stales  :         :         :       173 

X.aw  of  the  United  States  granting'  bounty  in 

land,  &c.  to  certain  Canadian  volunteers  8 
for  th.e  relief  of  licut.  col.  William  Lau- 
rence and  others                                                        ib. 
BIOCii'.APKlrAL   sicr.TcaES. 
0f  maj   gen.  ^\'ro.  U.  Harrison     :         •■         :         71 
Dr.  Ramsay,  uith  an  account  of  his  death       77 
Marshal  Blucher           :         :         :         :             79 
Arch-bLihep  Carrol           :         :         :         :         81 
iiuis  Hamniida,  the  Algerine  admiral  :           1G9 

REI'OHTS. 

Of  a  committee  of  t'ie  legislature  of  Virginia 
on  roads  and  inland  navigation  :         :       149 

Of  a  committee  of  the  same,  on  banks      :  155 

Of  a  com^Tiitteeof  tlie  board  of  in;uiagcrs  of 
tiie  Schuyikili  riavigation  company,  on  dams 
and  locks     '--■■:         :         :         :         :         :       1G4 

Of  a  committee  of  the  legislature  of  North  Ca- 
rolina, on.  inland  navigation  :         :         .-  165 
srMior.iAL 

Of  the  citizens  of  New- York  in  f;ivor  of  the 
grand  canal  to  unite  the  western  lakes  with 
the  v.'aters  of  til e  Hudson  :         :         :       145 

lOREIGK    AKTICLXS. 

Journal  of  events  in  I'aris — fiom  June  18  to  Sept. 
1815,  narratLng  all  the  principal  evenis  whicii  oc- 
curred in  France  during  tliat  momentous  period, 
by  an  Avnericau — ascribed  to  .Mr.  Kbbertson,  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  the  U.  S.  fr(mi 
Louisiana,  from  page  97  to  114 

Speech  of  tiie  king  of  the  Netherlands  to  the 
states  general  :  :  :  :  :  114 

Renion.-itrance  of  the  Belgian  bishops  to  the 
king  :::::::        115 

Exceeding  modesty  of  the  same         :         :  144 

Bluclier's  letter  to  the  king  of  Prussia        -.       116 

Inquisition,  Raster  insiruciions  of  tijc,  in  Sp.iin  117 

Spain,  on  tiie  state  of,  from  the  Edinbiu-gh  Re- 
view       :  :  :  :  :  ;  :  ib. 

Jesuiis,  the — restored  in  Spain — tJie  Pope's  let- 
ter, &c.       :  :  :  :  ;  :  :        118 

,  expelled  from  St.  Petersburg,  &.c.  83 

Pope's,  the  allocution,  in  the  sfecret  consisto- 
ry, at  Ronie        ::::::        119 

Russia,  the  emperor's  order  of  the  day  atVer- 
tus  :         :         :         :         :         :         :  122 

Irish  bishops,  resolutions  of  the    :         :         :         ib. 

■ catholics'   petition,    by    Phillips,    to    the 

house  of  commons         :         ;         :         -.  123 

Naples — .\astrian  account  of  the  subjugation 
thereof,  and  the  flight  of  Murat,  8;c.         :         ib, 

supri,aME;sT  to  vol.  IX.  . 


Earbary  powers — memoir  presenied  to  the  con- 
gress of  Vienna  by  sir  Sydney  Smith,  on  the 
necessity,  &c.  of  putting  an  end  lo  their  de- 
predations      :::::: 

Letter  of  the  Fi'ench  ministers  to  the  king,  on 
retiring  fi'om  office     :         :         :         :         : 

Third  and  last  report  of  Fouche  to  the  king 

Letter  from  the  duke  of  ^^'cllington  to  lord 
Castlereagh  on  despoiUng  tiie  museum  at 
Paris        ::::::: 

Anonvmous  reply  to  the  above,  circulated  at 
Paris  ::::::: 

Battle  of  Moskwa — an  account  of    :         : 

Wate!-'oo,  do.  :  :  : 


Museum  at  Pari'!,  Helen  Maria  ^Villiams'  nar- 
rative of  the  i-emoval  of  the  articles  from 
the  :  :  :        -:  :  :  ; 

OF   X.U'OI.EON   EOSAPaRTK. 

Historical  account  of  all  tha.t  passed  on   his 

route  from  Elba  to  Paris       :         :         : 
Bonaparte  at  the  gates  of  Grenoble     :         : 
His  conduct  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo 
His  address  to  tlie  French  people — said  to  have 
been  writ'en  on  b').;rd  the  Dellerophon,  and. 
circulated  t'arough  Fr.anc — [this  paper  is  not 
thuugiit  genuine,  but  inserted  on  account  of 
the  facts  it  contains]      :         :         :         : 
Character  of  Bonapiirte — by  Piiillips     :         : 
Chroriological  account  of  the  principal  events 

of  his  life         :  :  :  :  :'         : 

xVccount  o\  his  arrival  at  Madeira         :         : 


124 

137 
138 


139 

Ml 

ib. 

142 


144 


i2;> 


i; 


oo, 


Description  of  St.  Helena  :         ; 

Account  of  the  house  and  furniture  prepared 

for  him  by  order  of  tlie  Kritish  government 

pnr.Tnr. 
Defence  of  Fort  M'Henry  :         :         :         : 

The  piiiar  of  g-lory        :  :  :  :  : 

t)ur  country,  our  fatliers  :         :         ;         : 

National  song — by  Holland  :         :         : 

Brother  Jonathan's  epistle  to  John  Bull    :         : 
For  the  4'^h  of  July       :         : .  .     :         :  : 

Naval  son? — Sons  of  the  deep  :         :         : 

Jove's  E.tgle  :::::: 

A  true  story — On  the  plair.s  of  New-Jersey      : 
Battle  of  New-Orieans — (British  production) 
For  the  4th  of  July — by  M'Creery         :         : 
Parodv  on  the  American  Star  :         ;  : 

Charge  tlie  can  clieerily         :         :         :  :     ' 

The  Iron  Greys         :::::: 
For  tiie  4lh  of  July — by  Gleason  :         : 

War  in  disguise,  (iroin  Cob!)ett's  Register)    : 
Yankee    tars  :::::: 

Parody  on  Walter  Scott  :         :         :         : 

Ocean  Pilgrim       :::::: 
Frigate  Coiistitution  :  .  :  :  : 

On  a  succession  of  naval  victories         :         : 
Freedom,  home  and  beauty     ;         :         :         ; 
Sound,  sound,  the  harsh  bugle      :         :         : 
'i'o  commodore  Kodgers  :         :         :         :         : 
fi.e  sine  qua  noa  :  :  :  :  : 

Written  afier  the  b.attle  of  Fjie      :         :         : 
When  freedom  fu-st,  Stc.       :         :         :         : 
iJattle  of  Niagara     ::;::: 
Retreat  of  tiu-  English  from  Orleans     :         : 
Siege  of  Plattsbuijf  •:;::; 


139 

130 

131 
133 

134 

135 


83 

ib. 

84 

ib: 

S5 

ib 

86 

ib. 

ib. 

87 

ib. 

ib. 

88 

ib. 

ib. 

ib. 

89 

ib. 

90 

ib. 

ib. 

91 

ib. 

92 

ib. 

93 

ib. 

ib. 

94 

95 


o 


SUPPLEME 


xNT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER- 


TABLE  OF  CO>^TEIJTS. 


Wlien  Britain  from  the  boiling-  main*           :  ib. 

Kins?  Heorgx-  :,nd  "old  ii-ou-sidcs"    :         :          :  ib- 

Soi'-is  of  t'.C  biMVc,  h<i.           :          :          :          :  PG 

Sons  of  freedom  wlio  liave  bled        :         :         :  ib. 

A. 

X\\  Has! law,  anecdotes  of    :         :         :         :  1^7 

Aiiin.al  sag-iiciiy      ::::::  188 

Anecdote,  of  a  saib^r  at  Xew  London          :  13c 

of  an  Kn^^lisbman  and  an  li-isbmaji  18.5 

of  Miss  lyiicretia  C.         :         :         :  ib. 

of  Air.  Cutis  and  Miss  Mellon    :  186 

of  Sergeant  Rest  and  jidg-e  Mansfield  190 

of  ..n  Aniericiin  in  England          :  86 

B. 
Rastiaado,  the          ::::::  183 
Batxle  monument,  reremony  of  lajingthe  foun- 
dation sione.  at  Baltimore       :         :          :  3 
British  in  India — extrncts  from  Burg-oyne's  and 
Price's  rcmark.s  upon       :          :         :         :  179 

raviolis,  and  corre.spondence  respecting  65 

lav,',  killing'  no  murder       :         :         :  ib 

l.i\v,  severity  of       .         :         :         :  ib. 


conduct  towiirds  the  fu£fitives  from  St. 


Domini^o      :  :  :  :  : 

p-irli-tinent,  miinag'ement  of 


ib 

1811 
189 
\77 
188 
183 
189 


Bi.^'aniy,  a  ruriou.s  case  of 
Blount,  sir  Thomas,  execution  of 
Burial,  premature  :  :  :  :  : 

Bravery,  sini<vdar  :  :  i  : 

Baplisnial,  singular  accident  attending  a 

C. 

Cave,  remarkable,  near  Albany  :  ;  :  176 
Cssar's  cure  for  the  bite  of  a  rattle-snake  :  186 
(Jainot's  eulogiuni  on  education  in  America  177 
Child's  throat  cut,  to  save  its  life  :         :     184 

Coal  stone,  as  a  manure       .         :         :  :         185 

Cobbett  "William,  ids  five  letters  to  lord  Slief- 

ficld  on  American  aftUlrs      :         :         :  :       55 

Chirleston  m.arket,  supplies  of  :         :         :  188 

Columbia  bridg-e,  accouni  of:         :         :  :     191 

Croniwcii  Oliver,  ciiaraciei-estic  anecdotes  of     88 

D. 
Baring  swindling         :         :         :  :         :         188 

Diamonds,  an  account  of  :  :  :  :  i  80 
Diving  bell,  experiments  and  labor:;  with    185,  189 

E. 
Engii  .h  bank-notes  forged  ;         :         -.         185 

F. 
Fence,  mads  of  stumps  of  trees  :         :         178 

Pucl,  ^oononiy  of   :  :  :  :  :  :      183 

Floyd's    battle  Wiih  the  1  luiaa.s — insuuice  of 

bvavcry  la  ;  :  ;  :  :  :  19l* 

Files,  American      ::::::     192 

G. 
Girty.-i,  an  amount  of  :  :  :  :  :  18  i 

(Greek's  reveui^-e  :  :  :  :  :  :  188 
CuTi-powdej,  an  exulo.sion  of      :         •         :         19i 

!i. 
ilungarlan  noblcmsn,  kiLed  by  dog»       :  :     188 

iii.4i;l:i-,  splendid  edniui!  of  :  ;  :  180 

1.  and  J. 
ii-  n  cut  with  a  saw  192 

Jcfilr.-on  Mr.  u  letter  to  und  from  him  on  reli- 
giou;  subjects  •  183 


187 

192 
178 
186 
183 
88 
186 
187 
189 
190 
192 


Jewish  manuscript  of  the  Pentateuch  8.2 

.losephinc's  (late  empress)  jewels  186 

L. 
Lamps,  improvement  in 

M. 
Masonic  regard  in  war 
Merinoes  near  Pitrsfield 
Military  stores  of  New  York 
Montgomery  fort,  an  act  of  bravery  at 
Micldlim.ickinac,  account  of 
Meaux's  l)rewery 
Malay  pirates,  a  battle  with 
Money  rooted  up  by  hogs 
>.!ortality  on  board  a  British  ship 
Musketry,  eii'cct  of 

N. 
Xaturaliz;<.tion,  British  192 

National  picture  exhibited  at  Charleston  177 

N.  York  military  stores  186 — state  prison  report     ib. 
Nelson,  tiie  ship— her  dimensions,  8vC.  189 

P. 
Patapsco  cotton  factory,  appai-atus  at  for  saving 

fuel  ^^^ 

Peaks  of  Otter,  height  of,  &.c.  178 

Poiiipci,  recent  discoveries  at  180 

I'orcelain  manufactory  in  Nevv-Y'ork  385 

Pump,  tri:ingular  valve  186 

Phenomenon  *"• 

Pheasants,  poisonous  185 

Preservation,  remarkable  18i 

Prisoners — ireneral  Winder's  negociation  for  the 

&7 


I      exchange  of  Sec. 


n. 


Retributive  justice  176 

Kiileman's  battle  with  a  British  gun-boat  190 

Jio\  in  sheep  182 

liurmirrg,  remarkable  case  of  190 

Resignation  sir.gular,  of  a  captiun  in  tlie  army  190 


Sailor's  letter  for  a  supply  of  tabacco 
Steam  boats,  on  the  ocean, 
mill  at  CiiiCinnati 


—  boat  travelling 


191 
182 
187 
191 
186 
190 
176 


•'ii«o  IbHiiwiiii!;  L,tari'.'.a  was  uufo»tiiiia!t'l>  uiaiued,  and  u  llie 
vu.itiusioji  ul'  tliis  song: 

bo  e.ry'd  tiie  horrid  fiei^d  of  war. 

Her  xorcb  ingh  wavuigo'er  tlie  main. 
When  lo!  Colvnnbia's  shores  afar, 
itebellow'd  to  hQvfiuU  strain, 

'■'■Jirilain  no  mure  shall  rule,  no  more  shall  rule 

the  'MU'ceSy 
**Bni  shnnk,  abashed  among  liev  slaves.^' 


Silt  well,  remarkable. 

Saw  fish  caught 

Shot,  a  good  one 

South  A.merica,  remai-ks  on  the  original  conquest 

of  179 

Scotch  law,  curious  ib. 

Scoli,  \V;lier,  epigram  on  88 

Siiipwreck,  interesting'  detail  of  a  181 

si.ive  trade,  some  account  of  184 

Siutues  antique,  discovered  185 

Stones,  a  fall  of  in  France  191 

T. 

Treason,  punishment  of  in  England  177 

'i'ippoo  vSultan,  some  accoimt  of  180 

Tree,  extraordinary  in  New-York  181 

Ti.ief  catching  190 

V. 

"N'accin.  tioii  tested  181 

Vole  .no  of  Java  ib. 

Verdigris,  the  manufacture  of  185 

■Nienna,  a  regal  banquet  at  187 

W. 
Washington's  (president)  message  on  the  treaty 

making  pov."er  54 

Water  wiieel,  new  patent  182 

Waterliouse,  ?tirs.  her  heroism  181 

Wesley  John,  character  of  179 

Wolf,  a  in  a  well  188 

M'ens,  the  cure  of  189 
Winder  general's,  negociation  for  the  exchange 

of  prisoners  67 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— BATTLE  MONUMENT. 


O 


Battle  Monument. 

Proceedings  relative  to  the  erection  of  a  monument 

to  the  memory  of  those  who  fell  nt   the   battle  of 

North  Point ;  including  the  prayer  of  bishop  Kemp, 

and  the  address  of  'he  R^v.  Dr  liiglis. 
The  committee  of  vigilance  and  sufety,  to  the  inhabi- 
tanis  of  the  city  dnd  precincts  of  Baltimore 

The  return  of  peace  having  terminated  tli^  .ictive 
duties  of  the  committee  of  vigilHUce  and  safety,  its 
members  are  now  desirous  of  preparing  a  suitable 
tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  our  brave,  but 
unfortunate  fellow-citiz'^ns,  who  fell  in  defence  of 
this  city  on  the  memorable  twelfth  nnd  thirteenth 
of  Sipi'ember,  1814,  snd.  have  accordingly  unani- 
mously resolved  s  follows  : — 

1st  That  a  MONUMENT  be  erec'ed,  in  a  place 
to  b"  hereafter  (lesij,iiated  by  the  committee,  with- 
in the  city  or  precincts  of  Baltimore. 

2d  Tiiat  the  thanks  of  t!ie  committee  be,  and  they 
are  hereby  presented  to  Maximilian  Goiikfrot, 
Esq.  for  his  patriotic  and  voluntary  offer,  gratuitous 
ly,  to  prepare  designs  for  the  insprction  of  the  com- 
mittee, and  to  superintend  the  execution  oC  the  one 
of  their  ciioice. 

3d.  Tiiat  the  three  designs  presented  by  M--.  Gode- 
froy  are  entitled  to,  and  receive  the  approbation 
of  the  co!iimittee ;  -nd  that  the  one  denominated 
Fascial  hz,  and  is  hereby  adopted. 

4th.  That  the  unexpended  funds  of  the  commit- 
tee of  rigilance  and  s  ifety  be,  and  the  same  are 
hereby  .ippropriated  to  the  foregoing  object, 

5tlj.  Thjt  in  aid  of  this  fund,  a  subscription  pa- 
per be  deposited  at  the  mayor's  office,  on  Monday 
the  3  1  of  April  next;  that  it  remain  there  uwtil  the 
4th  of  July  following,  and  that  no  person  be  allow- 
ed to  subscribe  more  than  five  dollars. 

6th.  That  the  names  of  subscribers,  but  not  the 
sum  subscribed,  be  published  on  the  Saturday  of 
each  week  i|nt;l  the  subscription  be  closed. 

7th.  That  the  corner  stone  be  laid  on  the  12  h  of 
September  ne.xt ;  th  it  there  be  thi-n  a  gr.uid  preces- 
sion; that  the  relatives  of  the  dece.ised  be  invited 
to  attend,  and  that  a  suitable  address  be  delivered  on 
the  occasion. 

8th.  Tiint  the  original  subscription  p:iper,  careful- 
ly enveloped,  for  its  preservation,  be  deposited 
within  the  corner  stone,  and  that  a  copy  thereof  be 
filed   with  the  register  of  tlie  city. 

9th.  That  Messrs.  jAwns  A.  Buchanax,  Richaud 
Fhisby,  Henri  Paysun,  .Samuel  HoLLixGSWonTii, 
and  Joseph  Jamison  be,  and  they  hereby  are  charge,d 
with  the  execution  of  the  foregoing  resolutions. 

EDWARD  JtlHNSOiSr,  Chairman  of  the 

committee  nf  vigilance  and  safety. 

IstM^rch,  1815. 

GRAND  PRtlCESSION". 

The  committee  of  vigilance  and  safety  of  the  ci- 
ty of  Baltimore,  deeply  impressed  with  the  grate- 
ful recollection  of  the  distinguished  gallantry  of 
their  late  fellow  citizens,  who  fell  nobly  fight- 
ing in  defence  of  their  country,  on  the  ever  memora- 
ble 12th  and  13th  of  S.-plember,  1814,  unanimously 
resolved  upon  th?  erection  of  a  monument  lo  perpe- 
tuate their  memories,  and  appoiiued  James  A.  Buch 
anan,  Samuel  Hollingsworth,  Hicliard  Frisby,  Jo- 
seph Jimison,  and  H'ory  P.iyson,  five  of  their  n\eni- 
bers,  to  carry  info  elfect  tiie  said  resolution.  M  ijor 
General  Harper  warmly  participUing  m  th^ se  feel- 
ings, offered  his  assistance  on  this  solemn  nd  iiiter- 
]  esting  occasion,  md  after  duly  deliberating  upon  tiii» 
'  subject,  they  have  jointlv  Hgreed  upon  the  foilowlnu; 
I  arrangement  for  the  procession,  which  tiiey  now 
\  ptiblish  for  tlie  general  information  of  the  citiz-ns. 
'     Tbe  gentlemen  who  have  been  selected  as  Marshals 


of  Lhe  d^iy,  will  give  due  notice  of  the  respective* 
limes  and  places  at  which  the  several  sections  wiil 
assembl",  for  the  purpose  of  joining  in  the  general 
procession.  As  tiie  occ.is-on  is  eminently  calculated 
to  call  forth  all  the  te^derest  sensibilities  of  the  hu- 
man heart,  the  committee  of  arr:mgenipnt  connl-nt- 
ly  indulge  the  expectation,  th-U  the  citizens  of  Bal- 
timore of  every  d.-script  ion  will  muiifest  their  sym- 
patliy  and  regard,  bv  joining  in  tins  tribute  of  gr.i- 
ti'ude  to  the  brave  defenders  of  our  city. 

The  citizens  not  att;iched  to  nny  military  coi-ps 
will  assemble  in  Great  York  street,  where  the  pro- 
c.'ssion  will  be  f>)rmed. 

M-'ssrs.  Geoi'ge  Stiles,  Ts.iac  Phillip-,  William 
McDonald,  Henrv  Thoni|)s,)n,  George  Wincli^ster, 
Wm.  Stuir»-,  diaries  S'-errett  Ruigelv,  James  Mo>;ii. 
er,  Allen  Tiiomas,  and  Willia'u  Jackson,  to  act  on 
l)orseb;ick  as  Marshals  of  the  day,  -and  the  duties  to 
be  performed  by  each  to  be  arranged  by  themselves 
at  a  meetin.<  to  ht  hf-lu  fur  ilvd  jjurpose. 

ORDER  OF  THE  PROCESSION. 

Fiist  Murshd. 

Detaci'ment  of  c:iVMlry. 

Mr.  Godefrny 

and  the  m  >nuincnt  committee. 

Gens.  Smith  and  Sinck.-r,  and  col.    .\imistead  with 

the  officers  of  their  respectivo  Staffs. 
Chairman  of  the  committee  of  vigil,;nr,e  and  safety. 

Members  of  the  comi;;ittee  of  supply. 

Major-general  Watson,  tmd  brigidier-generals  Win- 

der,  Foreman,  Stanshury,  and  col.  Philip  Reed, 

who  are  especially  invited  lo  attend. 

•Second  marsli;.!. 

Reverend  clergy. 

Funeral  car  drawn  by  six  horses,  surmounted  by  a 

plan  of  the  intended  monument. 

Relatives  of  those  slain  in  >lefence  of  IJ.dlimore  and 

at  the  battle  of  Bladensburgh  as  chief  mourners. 

Third  marshal. 

Music. 

Persons  wounded  in  the  defence  of  the  city  of  Bal- 

timore,  at  the  Battle    of  Blidensburgh,  or  any 

other  place  in  Maryl  md  during  the 

invasion  of  the  enemy. 

Officers  of  then  iVy— officers  of  the  present  and  late 

army  of  the  United  Slttes,  and   officers  of  the 

militia   of  the  state    of  Maryland,  and  of 

the   adjoining   stales  who    assisted  in 

the  defence  of  the  city  of 

Baltimore. 

Fourth  and  fifth  marshals. 

His  excellency  the  governor  of  M-vr\ Lnd  &  his  aids. 

The  executive  council  and  secretary. 
His  honor  the  chancellor,   and   the  judges  of  the 

generd  and  state  government. 
.Members  of  congress,  and  members  of  the  state  le- 
gUli'ure. 
Sixth  Marshal. 
Strangers, 
Invited  by  the  monumental  committee — by   major- 
general  Harper,  and  by  the  marsh  -Is  of  me  day. 
Seventh  marsiial. 
The  corporation,  magistrates  .and  other  civil  officers 
of  the  city  and  county  of  Baltimon',  hea-,i'--i  by 
the  marshal  of  the 'district,  and   tlie  high 
Sheriff  of  the  county. 
Eighth  marshal. 
Captain";,  mates  and  seamen. 
Nmtii  M.i-shal. 
Subscribers  to  the  monument,  eight  deep. 
The  youth  of  the  ci'v   prec-ided  by  their   leichers,. 
eight  deep. 
Teotii  marshal. 
The  remainJev  of  the  citizens,  eight  cieep. 


4  SUPPi.EMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—BATTLE  MONUMENT. 


5A  division   of  MarvliXivA  milili.>   u.uler  lue  tli.s  buM  of  liro'.hers  brawly  fcU,  oficnag  up  theilj 


coinm.uvi  of    m.HJor-geiierai   H.rpsr    will  form   the 
reiir  of  the  procession. 

Tiie  t^eaei-il  procession  will  m<ive  at  ten  o'cbck. 
tliroitgirCireJit  York  s'reet  nUo  Bidlimore  street, 
tiiniiga  B  .ltir."i0rc  to  Gay  s'lreci.  liiroiisrh  Soutii  Gay 
sirc-Pl  to  W.iter  sUve  ,  throu.xa  V/ai.-r  to  South 
street,  up  Soutii  to  \i  Itimo^e  s  ree',  liu-ou^ii  B  uti- 
rr.ore  to  Howard  .street,  np  Nortli  lluwird  to  Frasik- 
\\n  street,  down  Franklin    to   Charles    street,  down 


lives  for  ti;!^ir  country  . 

Filled  wi.h  aduuralion  and  gratitude  for  tlieir  no- 
ules.icniic'.-,  M!i  !  deeply  impressed  with  the  impo'/t- 
ance  of  recdiinf^  and  perpeiUi'itin}^  the  remem- 
brance of  s;)  Illustrious  ail  example,  the  ct>mmitteo' 
of  viijilance  of  t!ie  cit)  of  Baiiiipor",  whicli  acted 
so  iinpoit.'int  and  honorable  a  p;u't  in  the  tr&nsac 
tii.ns  ol  that  lime,  lias  resolved  to  erect  a  MONU- 
MEN  r  to  tiieir  m'emory,  and  to  commence  tlie  vnoi-k 


Ciiirles  to  R'dumore  street,  down  HaUimor'- to  Cal- j  on  ihe  first  anniversary  of  their  fall.     Tiieir  fellow 


ver;  streel,  and  up  NortU  C  ilvcrt  street  to  Washing- 
ton 6qi! 'r.i.vvnere  uu-  oni^r  s'on^of  the  hatile  monu- 
ment v.- ill  be  l-.id  at  twelve  o'clock,  under  the  di- 
ncvicvi  of  major-general  Sniiih,  -  t)rigaaier-i;eneral 
Strieker,  col.  Armistead  ana  tiie  mayor 'of  the  city. 
I'ravei-  by  the  rigiit  rev.  bish(ip  Ki^mp.  An  ad- 
dre-!s  suited  to  the  occasion  by  the  rev.  Dr.  Inglis 


citizens,  wiiose  munificence  and  grautude  furnish 
tiie  means  of  accompiisUing  this  l.<ud^.ble  undertak'' 
ing,  intend  to  solemnize  its  comniencenient  by  a 
general  procession.  In  this  testimonial  of  respect; 
it  IS  on  cvei-y  ..ccount  proper  that  iheir  brothirs  in 
arms    should  join  ;  as  well   tiiose  who  more  in>nie- 


ment  of  artillery. 


^_        _      liaiely  parlook  wiiii  ihem  in  the  dangers  and  glory 

M  jo-'-genei-il  H  rj)er  \vA\  announce  die  movement  j  of  the  day,  as  those  who  stood  ready  topart-^ki,  and 
of  die  pi'ocrssion  Ijy  a  federal  salute  from  a  detach-  oy  their  counlensuce  and    support  contributed  so 

largely  to  the  irtppv   result. 

The    m:ijor  generd  commanding  tlie   third  divi- 
sion of  Mtry'ind  milida,   hns  therefore,   Resolved, 
after  conferring  witii  the  couiird'tee  of  vigilance,  to 
j  call  out  tiie  tlurd  brigide,   to  wiiich    the    deceased 
To  p.\y  pnblic  honors  to  the  memory  of  those  who:  belonged,  and  the  cavalry  of  the   eleventh,    which 
I ve  fallen  in  defence  of  their  counli-y,  has  been  the  composed  ai)art  of  the  reserve,    in  the  lines  before 


DIVISIOX  ORDERS. 

Third diviBicn  of  .Marvland  r.iilUia. 


usage  of  every  age ;  an*!  is  recommended  no  less 
by  sound  policy,  t.h  n  by  gi-at:tu;ic,  love  of  country, 
aVlall  the  most  exalted  feelings  ofournit'.ure  The 
h-.-nors  bestowed  on  the  deu'i,  are  tlie  noblest  incite 
iii3nts  to  virtuous  deeds  by  the  living.  Tiiey  che- 
risli  all  the  high  qiialities  which  constitute  heroes 
and  p.'triots.  Tiiey  tend  to  keep  dive  generous  sen 
timents  an  i  iiTections  ;  to  foster  national  spirit  and 
nationd  pride,  and  to  enlist  in  the  public  cause  the 
iov/-  of  fam-^.  and  the  desire  of  glory,  tlu-  most  pow- 
erful, an  i  whei  tiius  directed,  tlie  most  generous 
an.l  .n  iobling  passions  of  the  human  heart. 

N>  occision  has  presented  itself  among  us,  so  fit 
for  the  adoption  of  this  laudable  custom,  as  the 
death  of  the  brave  men  who  fell  at  North  Point, 
and  ill  Fo'n  oVrHeni'j,  on  the  12th  and  13th  of  Sej.>- 
tmb*i",  1814;  days,  th:-  r-ollection  of  winch  ought, 
to  fill  the  heart  of  every  citiz?n  of  Ualtimore  with 
gr.vtitud?  and  pride,  and  cannot  be  too  ofien  or  loo 
solemnly  recalled. 

'  It  w.is  t!ien  that  the  peaceful  inhabitants  of  a 
conuTiercial  city,  not  one  in  an  hundred  of  wiiom 
li.id  ever  seen  nn  enemy,  or  heard  th?soun<l  of  !ios- 
tile  cannon,  niarch?^d  forth  to  oppose  an  invading  ar 
my  0^  veterans,  more  thm  double  their  numbers, 
ci-owned  with  laurels  in  Eu  ope  m  warfjr-^,  flushed 
witli  recent  success,  and  led  on  by  a  skilful,  adven- 
turous, and  renowned  commander.  Forgetting  all 
])arly  dissenious  md  private  animosities;  discard- 
ing   all  feelings  but    tliose    of   pairio's,   hush.uids, 


the  town.  As  it  might  be  inconvenient  to  a  great 
part  of  the  infantry  of  the  eleventh  to  attend,  on 
account  of  their  remote  situation,  tliey  will  not  be 
called  out;  but  the  officers  are  invited  to  attend^ 
witii  as  many  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and 
privates  as  can  make  it  convenient,  eiviier  by  entire- 
companies,  or  as  individu  il  volunteer!;,  who  may  be 
formed  into  co/..panies,  battalions  and  regiments  af- 
ter their  arrival,  under  such  ofiicers  as  the  brigadier 
g^n^-ral  may  designate. 

The  m'jor  general  \z  confident  that  no  motives 
for  atteniion  to  this  ouler  and  invitation  need  be  urg- 
e  i,  in  addition  to  those  already  noticed. 

It  is  therefore  ordered,  that  the  third  brigade  of 
M  ir;  Ian  1  niiiitia,  commanded  by  brigadier  general 
S;erreti,and  the  cavalry  of  the  eleventh,  command- 
ed by  brigadier  gen.-ral  Stansbury,  v.'ith  such  part  of 
the  infantry  of  tlie  latter  as  may  attend,  do  assemble 
and  parade  on  Cliinquopin  hill,  v.e'-?  Baltimore,  oil 
the  12th  day  of  Scptdiiber  iir:;t,  at  nine  o'clock.  A; 
M.  in  o;derto  join  tlie  procession  in  iionor  of  their 
fellow  citizens  and  brothers  in  arms,  v^-ho  fell  at 
Nortii  Point  and  Fort  M'Menry.  Krigadier  general 
-Slansbuiy  will  form  (he  inf.ntry  of  his  brigade  who 
attend,  into  companies,  battalions  arid  regiments, 
ami  Will  designate  t!ie  officers  to  commaiid  tlir-m. 

The  two  brigades  will  be  drawn  up  in  lin?,  witliiii 
the  entrenchments,  an  ]  fronting  towards  them  :  the 
third,  as  having  been  acMially  engaged  at  Nordi 
Point,  v.'ill  t.dce  the  right.     The  artillery,  with   side- 


fathera,  sonn.  and  brothers,  they  braved  and  support-'  arms  onlv,  will  be  on  tiie  right  of  the  third,  and  its 
ed  tlie  uii-i'qual  conflict;  thinned  the  ranks  andicvdry  on  i(s  left.  'J'lie  left  oft'ie  third  will  rest 
ciiecked  thi- progress  of  tiie  foe,  sUw  his  distinguisli  [on  the  Pliii  idelphia  road.  The  right  of  the  eicv- 
cd  .^nd  gallant  chi-f,  and.by  g.vinghim  a  bitter  fore-jenth  at  a  proper  distance,  on  the  left  of  the  road, 
taste  of  the  resistance  to  oe  enc^umiered  in  the  fu!-]and  its  cav.dr)'  on  its  left  ;  so  as  to  Ibrm  the  rcar- 
xh->r  pros;'CU!i'.m    of   his    enterprize,  disposed    and  |  guard  of  the  \\diole  procession. 

jjr  iviredhim  f".-  its  abandoiimeiU  ;  while  their  fil- j  Brigadier  generds  Sterrrt  and  Stansbury  will  ap- 
Jow  citizen-,  forming  part  of  the  brave  gu-rison  of;  point  suitable  persons,  to  mark  nut  tlie  ground  tor 
l'^)l•l  M'Henry,  pariook  in  the  d-.ngers  and  glory  of  I  their  respective  iirigafles.  Tliey  will  furnish  each 
its  defence;  an  i  withstood  fireigiiteen  hours,  with-  one  troop  of  c.  valry,  as  an  escort  to  the  procession, 
out  shv';lter  and  with  a  magazine  not  bomb  proof,  a' to  act  under  the  direction  of  the  marshals  of  the 
constant  an  i  vigorous  bo.mbardment,  by  a  powerful  {  d  ly  ;  and  bi  igadler  general  Slerrett  will  furnish  a 
fii-t.-i,  v.'hich  lii. I  secure  beyond  the  reach  of  our  guns,  [guard  fir  the  nnjor  general,  and  a  detachnieni  of 
In  these  glorious  achievemenis,  v.diich  wilii  ihe ;  trtillery  to  fir-*  Eii'lutcs  and  ir.inu'.e  guns.  Tids  de- 
blcssingofDivine  Providence  frustrated  the  plans  ofitachment  will  be  posted  on  the  open  ground,  near 
the  invader,  compelled  his  retreat,  and  saved  us  |  Madison  street,  and  v/est  of -the  canal. 
i-V;m  the  horrors  of  capture  and  military  coninbu  j  The  third  brigade,  at  the  nigna!  given,  will  coud- 
.ricn,.  perhaps  of  conflagration  and  pillage,  a  part  of  tcr-niarch  from  the  right  by  its  rear,  loti'e  i'hihdfl- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  R^^  GIST  PR— BATTLE  MONUMENT.  ^ 


ynia  road,  and  pursue  the  march  down  a.  Tiie  ele- 
venth will  marcii  oy  its  right,  i.s  soon  .is  iIr-  letl  of 
the  tiiirdhas  countermarched,  and  vill  t'l.Uow  aown 
the  road  T.ic;  coiors  will  all  be  m  mouniiiig,  ih- 
drums  muffled,  llie  .irms  reversed,  and  the  music  a 
deid  m:)rch. 

Tlie  signal  for  the  m;irch  to  commence  will  be  two 
guns,  in  quick  suCCf^ssion,  from  the  deiachmeni  ot 
artillery.  Tli;  iroops  will  proceed  in  ihe  oracr  pre- 
scribrd,  down  York  streei  into  Baltimore-street,  uiiU 
join  the  i^eneril  procession  of  the  citiZf.-ns. 

The  si^nd  for  ih,-  g'^neral p."ocessii;n  lo  move  will 
be  a  teder-tl  salute  from  the  detachnient  of  artillery, 
which  will  continue  to  fire  irinuie  sruiis  during  the 
v/li  lie  march  of  the  procession 

VV.ien  the  troops  entf  r  C  dvert-street  they  will  in- 
cliiie  to  the  right,  and  continue  thtir  march  through 
W  ishmgion  square,  till  the  rear  clears  Baltimore 
street,  'liiey  will  i.ien  halt  and  form  the  line,  to 
wilitess  the  ceremon)'. 

At  the  ommenc-^ment  of  the  ceremony  of  laying 
the  corr.er  stone,  on  a  signal  to  be  given  by  fl^g, 
the  minute  guns  will  cease  ;  and  at  its  conclusioii,  on 
anotheifc signal,  the  delachmvnt  of  artillery  will  fire 
a  feder'l  salute.  The  troops,  in  the  order  in  whicli 
theyadvuice,  will  th  n  sulute  the  governor  of  iho 
State, C'\niTianrler  in  chief,  at  his  qu  iners,ap.d  dismiss. 
"  Brigadier  general  Sterrett  will  take  order  respect- 
ing die  fl.ig  and  signals. 

■  Tiie  orticers  of  tlie  second  and  ninth  brigades, 
ComiiianJed  by  brigadier  generals  RinggolU  and 
Sweariugen,  and  composing  ihe  residue  of  tne  third 
division,  are  invited  to  attend  and  join  the  proces 
sion.  T:io  officer-*  of  the  division  of  staff  will  be 
attached  to  the  person  of  the  m^ijor  general.  By 
order  of  major  geiier^I  Hirper. 

HKNRY  H.    PATTILLO,  A.  D.  C. 
Agreeably  to  the  foregoing  arrangement,  a  proces- 
sion was  formed  in  Great  York-street,  which  proceed 
ed  by  the  intended  route    to    Washington  square. 
The  funeral  car,  suimouiued  by  a  pi m  of  the  intend 
ed  monument,  us  designed  by  Mr.  Godetroy.  and  ex- 
ecuted oy  Mr.  John  Finley,   assisted    by   Mr.  liem- 
brntml  Peaie,  was  drav.n  by  six  white  horses,  cajia- 
risoned  and  led  by  six  men  in  military  uniform,  and 
guarded  by  the  Independent  Blues,  commanded  by 
cap  I.  Levering.     On  tiie    arrival  at  the    square,  the 
bmi,  under  the  direction  ofprofessorsNeninger  and 
Punyie,  p-?rformed  tiie  music  selected  tor  the  occa- 
sion. Tne  rigiit  reverend  bisiiop  Kemp  tiien  address 
fed  tUe  Tiirone  of  Gr  ice  in  prayer  ;  when  the  corner 
atone  of  the  monument  was    laid  by    the  architect 
and  his  assistants,  under  the  direction  of  gen.  Smith, 
gen.  Strieker,  col.  Armislead,  and  the  mayor.     The 
book  containing   tlie  names   of  tiie  subscribers  to 
tiie  liuilding  of  the   monument ;  the  newspapers  of 
the  preceding  day  ;  gold,  silver,  and  cojjper  coin  of 
•    the  United  Si.ites,  was  deposited  therein,  together 
with  a  plate  of  copper,  on  wlucli  was  engraved 
"  S  •piemi)er  Xfl, 
A.   I)     MOCCCXV, 
In  the  XL  year  ol  In  iependence, 
Juines  M  idison  being  president 
of  the  U.S. 
To  the  memory  of  the  brave  defenders  of  this  city, 
who  gloriously  fell  in  the  baitle  at  North  Point 
on  the   XII   September,   1814,    .nd  at    the 
Bomoardment   of     Fori    M'Henry   on 
the  XIII  of  the  same  month  ; 
Edward  J  ilinson,  mayor  ot  the  city. 
Maj  gen.  S.imupl  Smith,   brig.  ^en.   John  Strieker, 
and  lieut.  col.  G.  Armistea  1  of  the  U.  S    artil- 
lery, laid  the   corner  stone  of  ihis  monu- 
ment of  puolic  gratitude 
and  the  deliverance  of  this  citr  : 


U.dsea  i)\  llit-  munificirnceoflhecltizensofBaltimore, 
and  under  the  suj>erinteiulance  of  the 

committee  of  vigilance  ami  safet}'. 

J.  M  ximilian  M    Goilefroy,  architect; 

J.  G.  Neale,  S.  Baiighman,  and  !i.  lloiv,  stone  cutters; 

VV    A' hey,  stone  mason." 

Tlie  rev'd  docl.  Inglis  Uu-n  di  livered  the  address; 

after  which  tlie    mayor    announced    to   gen.  Ilirper 

'.hat  the  ceremony    of  laying  tiie  corner  stone  was 

completed  ;  when  a  federal  salute  was  fired    by   the 

delacliment  of  artillery,  and  the  assembly  was   di.s- 

missed.     Mimite  guns  were  fired,  and  the   bells  of 

Christ  church  rung  niiifll.-d  during  the  moving  of  the 

procession,  and  all  business  was  suspended  for  the  day. 

PRAYER  BY  BISHOP  KEMP. 

0  God  !  the  creator  and  governor  of  the  world, 
in  whose  lianas  are  the  lives  of  men  and  the  fate  of 
nations,  we  approacli  thy  throne  with  veneration  and 
iwe.  We  .acknowledge  our  numerous  offences  and 
■MTors — we  have  sinned — we  have  done  wickeuly — 
xfe  have  rebelled  against  thee  our  God;  while  ihv 
boun* ies  have  been  bestowed  upon  us  wiiii  a  liberal 
h md,  we  have  forgotten  our  kind  benefactor  ! 

We  adore  thee,  O  merciful  F.ithcr,  that  our  chas- 
tisements have  not  been  measured  by  our  oll'ences, 
but  ihat  in  the  midst  of  wrath  thou  hast  rem-fniher- 
ed  mercy.  On  this  occasion  we  present  ourselves 
befor'-  thee  wiih  the  mingled  emohons  of  grief  and  of 
gruitule — of  grief  for  the  loss  oi'  our  beloved  citi- 
zens— and  of  gratitude,  for  the  great  deliverance, 
which  the  bravery  of  our  troops  and  the  merciful 
goodness  of  our  God  effected  for  us  on  this  memo- 
rable day.  And  vvliile  we  erect  this  monument  to 
perpetuate  their  patriotic  and  intrepid  deeds ;  we 
ilso  offer  it  as  a  testimony  of  thankfulness  to  tliat 
Being,  who  did  not  forsake  our  city  m  the  day  of 
danger — who  inspired  the  heurts  of  our  men  witii 
courage  in  so  tremendous  a  conflict,  who  .supporud 
them  in  the  f ice  of  an  enemy,  v.-l.o  had  won  maii\  a 
severe  fought  field  in  European  w.irs, — 0  God  !  On 
i;iir  gallant  and  beloved  defenders  pour  dov.n  the 
best  of  heaven's  blessings  ! 

While  this  d.iy  reminds  us,  in  the  most  forcible 
terms,  "that  man  who  is  born  of  a  woman,  hath 
but  a  short  time  to  live,  and  is  full  of  misery — tli..t 
he  Cometh  up  and  is  cut  down  like  a  flower — that  in 
the  midst  of  lite  we  are  in  death  ;"  let  it  also  teach 
us  that  of  none  can  we  successfully  seek  for  succor 
but  of  thes  O  Lord! — Tliou  canst  frustrate  all  the 
plans  of  men — thou  canst  defeat  the  most  extensive 
warlike  preparations — and  divest  the  most  teriitic 
hostile  engines,  of  any  elfect  but  emp'y  sound  !  "  O 
Lord  our  protectoi-,  how  excellent  is  thy  name  in  all 
the  world  1" 

When  our  minds  run  back  to  tiie  scenes,  which  we 
erect  this  monument  to  commemorate — wiien  we 
think  of  the  heart  rending  grief,  and  the  dreadful 
anticipations,  with  which  we  viewed  our  troops 
marching  out  to  tace  the  foe — when  we  behold  the 
sky  tilled  with  flashes  of  hre,  wliicii  appear  still 
1)1  iglit  in  our  view— when  we  listen  to  the  tremendous 
1  oar  of  cannon  which  seems  still  to  vibrate  on  our 
ears — when  we  think  of  the  grief  of  the  mothers, 
wives,  and  children  of  those  who  stood  exposed  in 
Ihis  awful  day — liow  sh.^ll  we  suUicieiilly  m;ignify 
die  goodness  of  our  heavenly  father,  when  we  find 
.)UrselvLS,  at  this  tlmtt,  in  possession  of  liberty, 
prosperity,  and  peace.  Let  our  souls  and  all  that  is 
witiun  us  praise  the  Lord  ! 

When  we  look  upon  tins  monument  m;;v  ourhearts 
O  Gi)d,  be  enlarged  with  sentimeiits  of  benevcdence 
'owards   the   widows    and    orphans  of  those  whose 

1  <mes  are  inscribed  upon  it;  and  may  anotlier  inonu* 
ment  of  affection   and  charitv  tov.Mrds  these  interj 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— BATTLE  MONUMENT. 


esling  sufferers  be  soon  erected,  whicii  m  a  .aii  ir-nce 
of  tile  elements  sliall  not  defice  nor  the  h  <nd  of  time 
destroy.  May  a  perennial  stream  of  charily  issue 
from  it  like  water  out  of  the  rock  oi'  Horeb,  to 
maintain  the  mothers,  the  widows  and  the  orphans 
of  th-)se  who  fell  in  defence  of  our  city. 

O  God,  continue  thy  protection  to  us  !  and  guard 
us  against  the  attacks  of  impiety  and  vice,  foes  that 
neither  t!je  bravery  of  our  citizens  nor  tlie  strength 
of  our  ramparts  can  possibly  v/ard  off — foes  tiiat 
would  soon  weaken  all  tlie  energies  of  our  country, 


mi  utbte  assaults  of  a  British  fleet  and  army.  Every 
>jhell  from  the  bombarding  squivdron  seemed  to  the 
ear  of  the  timid  and  the  wavering,  and  I  thank  God 
there  were  not  many  such,  a  minute  gun  that  told  of 
the  funeral  of  enterprising-  and  devoted  Baltimore. 
Co'icern  sal  upon  cve.y  countenance.  Cowardice  u-as 
not ;  or  if  existmg,  w  is  ashamed  to  let  itself  be  seen. 
The  foe  was  discomfitted,  and  retreated  from  the 
conflict:  ahiughty  fo3  :  a  foe  who  had  not  scrupled 
to  announce  intentions  not  more  destructive  to  us 
than  disreputable  lo  himself :  a  foe    who  arrogantly 


and  prostrate  our  fair  fabric  of  liberty  in  ruins.  In  iliei  contemning  our  resources,  forgot  alike,  that  an  Al- 
day  of  prosperity,  may  we  never  forgf^t  our  God,  nori  mi^lily  Bring  rules  the  destinies  of  embattled  na- 
sufFer  the  insidious  and  enervating  influence  of  lux-  tions,  and  th.it  freemen,  fightnig  for  their  families, 
nry  to  parylize  our  free  and  wise  institutions  and  and  their  homes,  strike  witli  an  i^rm  of  sacred  confi- 
render  us  an  eliminate  and  weak  people.  Hut  give!  dence,  whicli  no  boastings  of  the  invader  shall  wither. 
MS  grace,  so  to  maintaui  thy  holy  religion,  that  by  its  Thr>  joy  of  deliverance,  however,  is  bitterly  ming- 
divme  means  and  i is  sacred  ordinances,  we  n»ay  be  led  wi  n  the  tinctures  of  grief.  Could  I  be  so  bise 
preserved  a  pious,  a  virtuous,  and  a  happy  people.;  as  to  lose  the  remembrinc*  of  the  blood  by  which  mtf 
Inspire  our  rulers  witli  the  fear  of  God,  which  is  the,  safety  was  so  dearly  purchasedjthis  monumental  spot, 
foundation  of  all  true  wisdom,  and  the  shield  ofeve-j  tiiose  sorrowing  relatives, and. -ill  these  interesting  me- 
ry  free  government.  Let  the  holy  maxims  of  chris-j  morials  of  public  sympaliiy  and  respect  by  which  lam 
tlanity  be  regarded  as  the  ground  of  our  policy  and;  surror.ncied,  would  instantly  rebuke  the  treason, 
they  will  prove  the  a;k  of  oursafetj' — "that  righle-j  Rut  gratitude  to  God  must  take  precedence  of  the 
ousness  exaltetii  a  nation,  but  that  sin  is  a  reproach!  tenderest  tributes  of  social  aflijciion.  Ch.-.rge  me 
to  any  people" — that '•  when  the  righteous  are  in  :ui-j  not,  then,  with  offering  an  unseasonable  request 
tiiority,  the  people  rtjoioe,  but  wiien  the  wicked' vvhen  I  ask  j'ou  to  temper  the  melancholy  ofHccs  of 
beiretli  rule  the  people  mourn" — that  governr.ient!  this  day  with  tlie  expression  of  yo'ir  gratitude  to 
's  the  institution  of  God  for  tiie  punisl-.ment  of  evil  God  for  the  salvation  which  he  has  been  mercifully 
doers,  but  for  the  praise  of  them  that  do  well — an  1  pleased,  througli  the  instrumentality  of  our  br.ave 
that  ti)  respect  the  authority  of  government  and  obey ;  follow  citizens,  to  effect  in  the  midst  of  us.  It  i» 
7ts  laws  and  injunctions,  are  duties  which  we  owe  io  w!iat  the  sliades  of  those  who  have  left  you,  if  per-i 
Go  J.  I  mitted  to  take  part  in  aught  that  passes  beneath  the 

Fill  our  hearts,  O  heivenly  Fat'ier,  with  tlia  love!  sun,  would,  I  persuade  myself,  require  at  your  hands 
of  thee,  and  of  our  fellow  creatures;  and  may  a' for  lliere  is  scarce  a  social  or  relative  virtue,  be  it 
spirit  of  mildness,  moderation  and  cliristian  charity|  generosity,  or  modestj',  or  piety,  which  does  not  hold 
pervade  every  d;.scription  of  citizens!  Then  will]  a  close  alliance  with  true  valour.  "Not  unto  us;" 
this  monuiTiint  continue  not  only  asj.  a  testimony  of|lseem  to  myself  to  hear  the  heroes  exclaiming  "Not 
our  respect  for  the  memory  of  our  departed  citizens, '  uiito  us,  O  Lord  ;"  and  not  even  to  the  intrepid  ranks 
but  as  a  proof,  tiiat  while  ws  maintain  tlie  principles!  ir.  which  we  fought  and  bled  and  fell ;  "  but  unto  thy 
of  ciiristiatiity  and  cherish  its  noble  virtues,  our  hap- :  name  be  the  praise." 

piness  and  freedom  will  remain  a  munumen';  m.ore;  Men,  brethren,  and  fellow  citizens;  come  with 
durable  th  in  m  irble :  upon  which  both  internal  and  i  t^s  to  their  graves ;  and  there,  let  me  speak  with  you. 
external  enemies  will  waste  their  force  in  vain,  and  Tell  to  tiie  world  that  the  Lord  hath  kept  the  ci- 
exhaust  tlteir  efforts  in  empty  soup.d.  I  ty,  and  that  therefore  your  defenders  were  not  vlgi- 

C  jntinue  to  us,  O  bountiful  God,  the  blessings  ofl  l^'it  in  vain.     Teil  to  the  world  that  your  dwellings 


peace,  and  give  us  grace  to  apply  these  hies  ungs  in 
sue!)  a  manner  as  to  extend  the  influence  of  thy  holy 
religion — to  enlarge  th^  boundaries    of  human   hap 


are  your  own  :  that  your  persons  are  free  :  that  in- 
dependence still  hallow.s  the  soil  on  which  you  tread, 
the  blool  bough*  heritage  of  your  fathers  :  and  that 

piness — to  spread  the  knowledge  and  ihe  practice  of! '^l'Tii^i>'y  Providence,  by  your  deceased  heroes  and 

religion  from  the  rivers  to  the  end  of  the  earth — sol  tlieir  survivors  in  arms,  hath  done   this  thing.     Al 

t!»at  the    Iiappy   time  may   soon   come,    wiien    wars 

s'lail  cease — when  ir.an  shall  no  more  prey  upon  xn<n 

—  vhen    all  unruly   passions    and   bad   dispositions 

shall  yield  to  the  amiable  virtues   and  unoffending 

dispositions   of  true    christians — when    "the  woll 


migiity  Providence  fi-own?d  defeat  and  mortification 
on  ihe  self-confiiient  invader,  who,  flushed  with  a 
long  series  of  victories  in  the  fields  of  European 
discipline,  dreamed  that  an  easy  prey  lay  before  him. 
By  a  Divine  bhissing  on  the  general  industr}',  zeal 
shall  dwell  witii  the  I  init>,  nnd  the  leopard  shall  lie  I -'md  patriotism,  our  citizen-;,  whose  habits  and  oc- 
down  with  the  ki,!,  and  the  calf,  and  the  young  iionicupatlons  )i  id  hitherto  for  a  long  train  of  years,  been 


and  the  falling  to,a:ether,  and  a  little  child  shall  lead 


such  exclusively  as  are  Incident  to  a  state  of  peace, 


tliem.     They  shall  not  hurt  nor  destroy  in    all    mv  were  rapidly  converted  into  effi«ient  warriors;  and 
holy  mountain,    for  the  earth  shall    be  full  of  theithe  city  which  had  been  destined  to  "sit   as    a  wi- 
knowledge  of  tlie  Lord  as  i!ie  waters  cover  the  se.i."|dow,"  soon  found  herself  enabled  to  sing,  "  Blessed 
liear  these  our  pravers,  O  merciful  God  :  tl)rou"-ii  ''2  the  Lord,  my  strength,  who  teacheth  my  hands  to 


tiie  merits  of  Jesus  Christ  our  saviour     Amen. 


ADDRESS  BY  DR.  INGLIS. 

■Men.  brethren,  andfdlo-M  citizens, 

Tills  day  is  consecrated  lo  no  common  duties. 


war,  and  my  iingf-rs  lo  fight!  my  goodness,  and  my 
fortiess;  my  h^gii  tower,  and  my  deliverer;  my 
sliieKl,  and  he  in  whom  I  trust;  who  subdueth  the 
people  under  me !" 

P'igure  to  yourselves  your  temples  and  your  dwel- 
lings on  fire :  your  once  busy    and    pleasant  walks, 


Shall  we  joy,    or  shall  we  grieve  .^  Shall  we  lament, I  in  cxtendel  baltle   ground  :  your  women  and   chd 
or  shall  we  give  llianks  ?  \  dren  wandering  in  exile,  theyknow  not  whither,  and 

Tu'cive  inontiis  are  just  completing  their  rerolu- ;  scarcely  caring  how,  pursued  by  the  clangor  of  arms 
t:on,  since  this  fair  city,  and  a  large  extent  .of  our  land  the  shout  of  licentious  victory.     Ihit  I  forbear — 
country,  w'lose  safety  was  not  incorrectly  adjudged,!  cannot  speak  what  I  feel.     It  is  not  forme  to  paint 
•tone  en^jr.iced  by    her?,  w^re   exposed  to    the  for-'thc  horrors  of  a  populous  town   taken  by    assawlf 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— BATTLE  MONUMENT. 


Sad  imagination  may  supply  my  deficiency.  Bui 
giMciousGod,  is  itfrom  this  f>ite  that  we  have  been 
r'*scued  ?  Oh,  blessings  on  the  memory  of  the  fallen! 
Honor  to  tiie  scars  of  the  living !  Thanks  to  the 
sword  of  the  chief  and  the  soldier,  the  veteran  and 
the  young-  volunteer !  Praise  to  the  patriotism  of  all ! 
And  with  especial  fervor,  be  everlasting  glory  paid 
to  God  our  Saviour— most  high— most  m  ghty— and 
most  merciful ! 

For,  mark  the  reverse.  The  hostile  step  pollutes 
not  now  those  hills  and  those  vallies  which  were 
moistened  by  the  blood  of  our  brave  militia,  and  by 
the  tears  of  tiieir  widows  and  their  fatherless  chil- 
dren. Not  a  plume  drops  from  the  eagle's  wing  : 
not  an  arrow  from  the  gripe  of  his  talons.  The  bat- 
tlements are  safe.  The  banner  flo-its  proudly  In  the 
welcoming  air.  The  stars  are  sovereign.  The  al- 
tars secured  from  mditary  violence  and  pollution, 
have  been  loaded  with  the  oblations  of  adoring  thou- 
sands. The  people  have  offered  their  thanksgiving 
nnto  a  deliverivg  God,  and  paid  tlieir  votcs  unto  the 
Moit  High.  They  would  noio  do  an  act  of  justice  to 
the  brave.  They  rjove  honor  their  liable  minded  de- 
fenders. 

Rich  shall  be  the  reward  of  those  who  combatted, 
and  have  survived ;  for  they  have  successfully  ac- 
quitted themselves  of  one  of  the  loftiest  of  social 
duties.  Their  country  declares  hsiself  satisfied 
with  their  filial  and  prompt  obedience.  Conscience, 
with  a  glow  of  honest  transport,  looks  back  to  well- 
sustained  trials,  to  vrelUfought  fields  and  well-earn- 
ed reputation.  God  from  on  high,  has  blessed  them 
in  their  deeds  of  glory. 

Tliey  heard  the  drum  beat  to  arms,  and  the  trum- 
pet sound  to  battle.  They  were  told  that  blooa 
must  flow  :  They  stopped  not  to  take  counsel  from 
the  unmanly  idolatry  of  animal  existence.  Tiiey 
counted  not  their  lives  dear  to  them,  Tiiey  gazed 
on  the  star  spangled  banner,  the  lovely  pledge  of 
success  that  kissed  the  inspiring  breezes  of  heaven. 
They  vowed  that  that  banner  should  not  cease  to 
wave.  And,  hear  it,  beloved  countrymen,  they  kept 
their  voiv — Gud  being  their  helper,  they  faithfully  kepi 
their  vow. 

Tliat  banner  still  waves  in  undiminished  splen- 
dor. It  sparkles  in  beauty  on  the  bosom  of  the  Me- 
diterrinean.  In  terror  it,  has  gleamed  on  the  tow- 
ers of  Algiers. 

It  is  the  pride  of  our  eyes  ;  and  may  it  wave  for- 
ever ! 

Brave  citizens !  The  unwithering  wreaths  with 
which  glory  has  crownel  you,  will  not  suffer  us  to, 
forget  those  whose  example  has  taught  us  how  to 
endure — liow  to  fight — how  to  conquer — and,  alas  ! 
how  to  die. 

Yes,  my  countrymen,  hoiv  to  die.     For  after  all, 
the  felicity  of  this  day  is  deeply  tinged  by  tiie  color? 
of  tieali).     Tiie  light  tliat  sliines   upon  the   field  ot 
glory  is  durk-ned  by  sepulchral  gloom.     From  sur- 
viving patriots  and  soldiers  resident  in  oui'  commu- 
nity ;  and  from  those  gallant  men,  inhabiting  more 
distant  parts,  both    in   command   and  in   the  ranks, 
whose  presence  graces  our  solemnities,  or   llie  fame 
of  whose  services  fiistens  our  gratitude  upon  tiiem  ; 
I  must  transfer  your  regards   to   ovr  fallen  heroes 
I  When  I  turn  my  eyes  to  the  distinguished  officers 
I  on  my  right   wlio    conducted  the  defence  of  iJalti- 
I  more,  and  to  whose  codl  inlrt-pidity  and   sound  dis 
crelijn,  its  inhabitants  are  under  a   lasling  detjt  of 
gratitude,  I  am  reminded  that  they  Imve  aj)pe;ire( 
before  you  on  tins  occasion  to   dfposit  tlie  founda- 
tion stone  of  a  monument  sacred  to  the  memory  of 
their  brethren  slain   in  battle.     This  deed  of  deep 
'  interest  and  solemnity  has  been  done,  preceded  by 
the  rites  of  holy  religion.    And  I  hazurd  nothing  in 


affirming  that  all  who  are  concerned  in  the  perform- 
ance derive  from  it  a  generous  and  melancholy  plea- 
sure. To  liigh-minded  men  notlung  can  be  more 
gratifying  than  language  or  actions  expressive  of 
the  admiration  due  to  virtue  and  to  valor  .  Nolhiag 
to  the  christian  man  more  sweet  than  the  giving  of 
honor  where  honor  is  due.  Spirits  of  the  warlike 
dead  !  whom  living,  we  loved  ;  and  wliom,  departed, 
we  bless  !  wiio  would  not  cull  the  fairest  and  the 
sweetest  flowrets  nurtured  in  the  kindly  lap  of  earth, 
and  strew  them  on  your  glorious  graves  ?  Who 
would  not  catch  ti\e  last  rays  of  the  western  sun,  as 
he  sinks  behind  the  mountain  top,  after  a  day  of  pow- 
erful refulgence,  and  say  'tis  thus  the  patriot  falls— 
'tis  thus  the  hero  dies  > 

In  the  division  orders  which  regulate  the  move- 
ment of  the  troops  this  day,  the  general  has  beeft 
pleased  to  exhibit  so  just  and  animated  a  view  of 
tiie  utility  of  monumental  structures  on  occasions 
like  the  present,  that  any  additional  observations  on 
'he  interesting  subject,  are  rendered  superfluous. 
It  may  noi  be  thought  irrelevant,  however,  simply 
to  remark,  that  these  memorials  of  a  people's  grate- 
ful aflPection  for  men  who  have  honorably  fallen  in 
their  defence,  have  in  them  not  more  of  justice  to 
the  meritorious  dead  than  of  excitement  and  stimu- 
lus to  the  living.  Wiping  away  the  stain  of  ingra- 
dtude  from  the  republican  character,  a  character  too 
often  inconsider.Ttely  reproached  by  those  who  should 
more  righteously  and  candidly  estimate  human  na- 
ture, they  prove  to  the  youthful  citizen  that  the 
hour,  though  it  may  linger,  is  sare  to  come  at  length, 
luhich  consecrates  the  tomb  of  patriotism,  and  heaps  its 
benedictions  on  the  name  of  tue  dying  hero.  Wcdl,  there- 
fore,have  the  fathers  of  our  city  terminated  their  hon- 
orable career  of  official  labor  and  vigilance,  by  an  act 
so  worthy  of  the  guardians  of  public  freedom  and 
public  virtue;  an  act,  I  had  almost  said,  which  ren- 
ders the  citizen  who  first  suggested  it,  and  I  am  ig- 
norant who  he  is,  deserving  himself  of  a  monument. 
In  thanks  to  this  paternal  body,  my  countrymen,  for 
iliis  most  commendable  act  of  theirs,  give  it  a  due 
weight  in  the  direction  of  your  principles  and  con- 
Juct.  Come  to  this  hallowed  spot,  and  as  citizen.«5 
and  soldiers,  sufi'er  yourselves  to  be  informed  at 
once  of  virtue  and  its  prais.- — of  duty,  and  its  proud 
reward.  Rt-member  wiiat  has  been  done,  and  what 
has  been  endured  by  the  men  whose  deathless  7iumes 
this  monument  records;  and  go,  and  endure,  and  do 
likewise.  Their  country  has  not  forgotten  thetn. — 
Your  country  will  never  forget  z/ 67/. 

No  distinction  of  party  separaied  these  gidlant 
souls  in  the  loveliness  of  tlie  patriot's  expiring  mo- 
ment. No  factious  temper  averted  one  gentle  bosom 
from  the  steel,  that  struck  at  the  vitals  of  a  com- 
mon country,  or  one  manly  front  from  the  bullet's 
switt-winged  death.  Let  no  recrimination  of  this 
accursed  sort  trerze  any  lieart  against  the  claims  of 
freedom,  the  laws  and  the  public  safety.  Let  the 
only  strife  among  us  in  such  times  of  national  trial, 
be  who  shall  teach  the  enemy  (he  speediest  and  the  so- 
rest lesson. 

There  is  anoiher  instruction  from  this  monument; 
instruction  which  I  may  not  omit.  My  character  as 
a  minister  of  religion  forbids  me  to  omit  it.  God  is 
holy.  God  is  just.  God  is  the  avenger  of  guilt. — 
Impenitency  finds  no  favor  befoio  him.  Do  I  mean  to 
c^st  reproach  upon  the  heroes  whom  I  have  praised? 
Your  candor  wdl  ..cquit  ine  of  this  injustice.  1 
mean  simply  that  the  perplexities,  tlie  horrors,  and 
tiie  desolations  of  wur  are  among  those  rebukes  vvitii 
which  lic:;>ven  chastises  men  and  nations  for  their 
crimes.  And  in  tiiese  mysterious  ciiastisements  il 
often  happens  that  the  least  guilty  fall  martyrs  to 
the  greater  g;uiUof  the  community  ut  large.    Pubiic 


8       SUPPLEMEIST  TO  KILE3'  REGISTER—UNITED  S  TATES'  LAWS: 


repentance,  tliercfore,  inost  be  pressed  {'rom  tii... 
.  very  theatre  where  public  suiTcring  and  ptiblic  gra- 
titude mingle  in  the  same  scene.  Diminish,  tlien,  tht 
sum  of  the  genL-rni  guilt  in  the  diminution  of  your 
own.  Return  unto  the  Lord,  and  he  will  have  mercy 
upon  yon;  and  to  our  God,  for  he  will  abundantly  par- 
don. Out  of  the  depths  cry  unto  him,  ^md  he  will 
listen  gr;icious)y  unto  your  prayer.  Those  who 
liumble  themselves  before  him,  he  will  exalt;  for 
ssveet  to  hiin  and  accL'ptable,  are  the  orisons  of  a 
people's  humility.  Be  not  afr^^d  of  evil  tidings, 
but  be  prepurod  for  them.  Let  your  hearts  be  fix 
ed,  trusting  in  tlie  Lord  and  doing  good.  Tut; 
praying;  tiius  actiivg;  tbus  b-dieving,  and  thus  com 
batting;  let  no  mustering  tlmnders  of  al.rm  betrn". 
yo!i  ii'.lo  despiir  of  the  repu  die.  Tht  sacred  ami  ma- 
jestic columns  iif  piety  and  of  patriotism  shall  stedfast- 
lij  stifiport  it;  and  liberty  shall  never  Jind  iter  grave 
in  your  intrenchmetita. 

I  add  but  a  word.  Ye  widowed  and  childless 
hearts,  bleeding  with  fresh  sorrows;  ye  agonizeu 
bosoms,  which  ihrob  at  the  remembrance  of  joys 
ii'd  nt\er  to  return;  of  alFections  never  again  lo 
meet  their  objects  beneath  liie  skl?.s:  look  at  these 
badges  of  gentral  grief:  see  this  monumental  offer- 
ing of  a  saved  people  to  the  beloved  memory  of  the 
virtuous  and  tlie  brave:  and  believe  thnt  your  ooun- 
trv  mourns  wit's  you.  Y'\s,  the  commonwe:dtli  mix- 
es lier  tears  and  her  warm  blood  wilii  yours,  over 
Viie  s.icrt'd  ashes  of  the  flead!  F.ithers  and  motliers 
— siie  tlianks  you  by  me  for  th  precious  gifi.s  winch 
you  have  bestowed  upon  her.  Sisters,  wives,  bro- 
thers, friends — she  makes  your  sorrows  her  otju. — 
Accept  her  symijaUiy:  accrpt  her  holy  enthusiasm 
cf  feeling:  accept  the  protection  of  that  freedom  and 
those  laws  vvliicli  tlie  in  egriiy  and  v  dor  of  her  de- 
parted heroes — your  liusbtnds — vour  fithers — your 
sons — your  broihers — were  insirumental  in  preserv- 
ing to  her  in  that  moment  when  honor  sat  weeping 
over  their  wuiin  is,  and  gizetl  on  ihem  beautiful  m 
death.  B^  comforted.  Tiiere  is  a  rest  wiiere  niouru- 
fr>i  wei-p  no  morp.  The  A'l  mercdul  invites  von 
to  that  rest.  I  have  done Now  then,  my  coun- 
try, 

Now  "thy  tones  tiiiiniphant  pour, 
"Let  tlli'in  pierce  I  lie  lit'i-i)\  grave; 

"Lii; '<  tii.iiultii'ius  battlt-  "Vv, 
"O.  hiiw  sw fitly  slrep  ill'    biavc! 

"From  llii-  (lust  tlirir  laurels  bloom, 
"Hiirli  tliey  shoot  and  ilamish  tree; 

"Gloi^'s  titiiple  is  the  tomb! 
"Death  is  iij.iuorliility!"  Muntgomerij, 


Laws  of  the  United  States, 

AK  ACT  granting  bounties  in  land  and  e.xtru  pay 
to  certain  Canadian  volunteers. 

Be  it  enacted  in  the  si)iate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives of  the  Uniled  States  of  America,  in  congress 
assembled,  Tiiat  :dl  such  persons  as  h:ul  been  citi- 
zens of  tlie  United  States  anterior  to  tlie  late  war, 
■and  v/ere  at  its  commencement  inhabitants  of  the 
province  of  Canada,  and  wlio,  daring  the  said  war, 
joined  the  armies  of  tlie  United  States  us  volunteers, 
and  were  slain,  died  in  service,  or  conii.me  i  there- 
i'l,  till  honor.ibly  dischiirged,  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  follov.lng  quantities  of  land  respectivel)',  viz: 
Eacli  colonel  nine  hundred  and  sixty  :icres;  each 
major  to  eight  hundred  acres;  each  captain  six 
hundred  and  forty  acres;  each  subaltevii  officer  to 
four  hundred  ;md  eighty  acres;  each  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  musician  or  private  to  three  hundred 
and  twertty  acves;  r.nd  the  bounties  aibrs^^aid  shall 


ex' end  to  t!ie  medical  and  other  staff,  wVio  shall 
rank  according  to  their  pay.  And  it  shall  be  law- 
ful for  tlie  said  persons  to  locate  their  claims  in 
quarter  sections  upon  any  of  the  unappropriated 
lands  of  the  United  Slates  witliin  the  Indiana  ter- 
ritory which  shall  have  been  surveyed  prior  to  such 
location,  with  the  exception  of  salt  springs  and  lead 
mines  thei-ein,  and  of  the  quantities  of  land  adja- 
cent thereto  vi'hicli  may  be  reserved  for  the  use  of 
the  same,  by  the  president  of  the  United  States,  and 
the  section  >7o.  16  in  every  township  to  be  gr.inted  to 
the  inhabitants  of  such  township  for  the  use  of  ihe 
nubiic  schools;  which  locations  shall  be  subject  t6 
such  regulations,  as  to  priority  of  choice,  and  the 
manner  of  location,  as  the  president  of  the  United 
Slates  shall  prescribe. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  secre- 
tary of  the  department  of  war  for  the  time  bein^, 
shall  from  time  to  time,  under  such  rules  and  regu- 
lations  as  to  evidence  as  the  president  of  the  Uniled 
States  siudl  prescribe,  issue  to  every  person  coming 
within  tlie  description  aforesaid,  a  warrant  for  sireh 
quantity  of  land  as  he  may  be  entitled  to  by  virtuft 
of  the  afore  .aid  provision;  and  in  case  of  the  death 
of  such  person,  ttten  such  warrant  shall  be  is- 
sued to  his  willow,  or  if  no  widow  to  his  child  ot 
children. 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  trea- 
.surer  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby  au- 
thorized and  required  to  pa\  to  each  of  the  persons 
aforesaid,  three  months  adilitional  pay,  accordnig  co  . 
the  rank  tliey  rcipecively  held  in  the  army  of  the 
United  State.s  during  the  late  war. 

II.  CLAY, 

Speaker  rf  the  House  of  ItepreseiitatiHti. 
JOHN  GAILLARD, 
President  of  the  Senate  pro  temporh. 

March  3,  181.6 

ArriiovED, 

JAMES  MADISON. 


AN  ACT  for  the  relief  of  lieutenant  colonel  Wil- 
liam Lawrence,  of  the  army  of  the  United  St  tes, 
and  of  the  officers,  non  commissioned  officers  and 
privates,  coniposin;^  the  garrison  of  Fort  Boyer, 
in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  four- 
teen. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  senate  atid  house  of  repreaai- 
tctiveo  of  the  United  States  of  ,1menca,  in  cungrea 
assembled.  That  the  protier  accounting  officers  of 
the  depar'ment  of  war,  be,  and  they  are  hereby 
authorised  and  required  to  audit  and  settle  the 
claims  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  composing  the 
garrison  of  fort  Boyer,  on  the  15th  of  September, 
in  the  year  one  thousand  eigiit  lumdred  and  four- 
teen, and  to  allow  to  them  the  same  sum  as  prize 
money  as  would  be  allowed  if  the  sloop  of  vraT 
Hermes,  belonging  to  the  enemy,  had  been  captur- 
ed by  an  equal  naval  force;  and  also  to  allow  to  the 
s;iid  garrison  the  half  value  [all  the  expenses  being 
first  deducted]  of  the  schoonc:  .\c!ive,  and  her  ^ai' 
go,  ca.otiired  in  the  year  aforesaid  by  the  said  garri- 
son: and  that  the  sums  aforestad  when  allowed  be 
paid  out  of  any  monies  in  the  treasury  not  otiierwise 
appropriated. 

H.  CLAY, 
Speaker  of  the  Hnise  of  Jiefresetitativet. 
JOHM    OAIl  LAXD, 
Prenident  of  the  Senate,  pru  tempore. 

March  5,  1816. 

AV^KOVEB, 

.lAMES  JIADISON. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUESTION. 


^  Treaty  Question. 

CON    UE    ». 

BOUSE   OF   REPRr,SE\TJT!Vl> THLllSnAT,  JAN.  4,  1816. 

THE  COMMERCIAL  TREATY 

The  house  in  commitiee  of  ihe  wl)oie,  on  ihe  bill 
for  rei^ulHiing  commjite  iti  confoniuty  to  thu  con- 
vention of  commerce  with  Greai  Braaiii,  &,c. 

Tile  conimiftf  being  about   to  nsf — 

Mr.  Clay  (sfiealc^r)  sisicl  he  did  not  rise  on  this 
occavlon  to  enter  into  a  discussion  of  the  ;<ener.il 
meals  of  tiie  instrument  brought  inrilenl'lly  bt-- 
fore  the  house  by  the  present  bill,  particulirly  as 
tliere  appetred  to  be  no  wisli  on  uuy  side  of  the 
house  to  enter  on  that  subject.  He  rose  to  m:.kc 
some  pxplan:iitions  relative  lo  the  third  article,  which 
perhaps  mij^ht  not  be  consid.  red  unnecessarj  .  I 
would  be  perceiv.-d,  h'»  said,  tliat  the  3d  article  ot 
the  convention,  which  opens  the  tr^de  to  the  British 
£  St  Indies,  restricted  us  to  certain  enumerated 
ports.  Tliis  was  a  restriction  not  contained  in  the 
treaty  of  ] 794,  nor  in  that  negticiated  by  M  ss/s 
jVlonroe  and  Pmkney,  commonly  called  tlie  reject 
ed  tit-aty.  The  reason  was,  th.a  ujjon  the  expav- 
tion  of  the  charter  of  the  E:ist  India  c.nipany,  whicli 
took  place  three  or  four  years  ago,  the  question  so 
long  agitated  in  Great  Britain,  liad  again^  come  up, 
whether  the  monopoly  of  the  trade  to  India  should 
remain  wltli  ilie  company,  js  it  had  done.  O.i  'hat 
occasion,  it  had  been  thought  proper  by  tiie  British 
governmr'iu,  to  Oeviate  to  a  certain  extent  from  its 
former  policy,  and  opew  the  trade  tp  British  subjects 
generally,  under  some  restriciions.  By  the  ic.  which 
then  passed,  the  Britisli  subjects  were  limitt»tl  to 
these  specified  ports;  and  it  liad  been  thought  right 
by  Great  Britain,  especi  dly  is  it  was  in  her  opinion 
a  grant  to  us  witiumt  an  fqiuvalent,  to  limit  our  ci 
tiz^ns  lo  tiie  same  ports.  Thai  act  of  p.iliimen  , 
Mr.  C.  said,  was  a  new  era  in  the  traue  to  Bi  i^^ii 
Indi.i;  and  it  was  impossible  to  estimate  the  valur 
of  the  concf^ssion  to  us,  without  luking  into  conside- 
ration ti>at  important  change.  When  \he  trade  was 
wlioily  in  liie  hands  of  the  company,  tii^y  had  been 
found  incompetent  to  supply  India  witii  the  spe- 
cie necessary  for  circulation;  and  -he  tr.de  had  be^  n 
opened  to  us  and  other  foreign  powtrs  to  mikc-  up 
tiled  ficit.  Now  that  British  suliject.s  wrre  lei  into 
the  trad  ,  it  remained  to  be  ascerii.intd  by  ^xp'-- 
rience,  whether  they  could  not  furnisii  the  requisite 
supply  of  specie,  without  the  aid  of  foreigners.  I' 
ithey  could,  the  opening  of  tlie  trade  to  foreign  pow- 
ers onerates  as  an  advantage  in  their  f  .vor,  iid  t_^o 
the  prejudice  of  the  Briti.'^li  merchant,  o  die  whole 
amount  of  the  profits  derived  bv  sucli  foreign  pow- 
ers. These  suggestions  Mr  C.  suio,  he  li.ad  thoiiglit 
proper  to  make  to  the  committee,  inasmncii  s  som- 
gen:lemen  might  not  have  adverted  to  the  chanj^e  o' 
the  laws  by  which   liiU  trade  ws  regulated. 

Mr  G'asron  said,  that,  believing  tlie  convent ,o.. 
since  its  raiifira'ion  in  due  form  had  become  a  Lw 
of  tlie  land,  and  unable  to  perceive  wlierein  it  lued- 
ed  the  help  of  an  act  of  congress  to  give  it  opera 
tion,  he  Iiad  viewed  the  bill  b.^fore  the  ommuttee  as 
nugatory  and  unmeaning.  Although  he  had  iliought 
It  strange,  that  gentlemen  w  .o  li.d  abjured  so  m'.iP, 
•fthe  errors  of  their  predecessors,  should  thus,  b\ 
construction,  retain,  and,  perhaps,  exiend  a  most  in- 
convenient error  in  reg-u-d  to  the  effect  of  treaties, 
he  was  willing,  witliout  interruption  on  lus  part,  to 
indulge  them  in  their  course.  But  regiiviing  liini- 
self  as  having  no  agencv  in  relation  to  this  conven- 
tion, he  had  not  entertained  the  most  remote  tiiougln 
»f  examining  into  its  merits  or  demerits.  He  wa> 
induced,  howev-r,  to  say  a  wor  i  in  relation  to  th. 
3d  article  of  the  I'onvention,  in  consequence  of  the 
SUPPLEMENT  TO  VOt.  iX. 


obsvivatio:  s  m:'de  on  it  by  the  iioiiori,ble  speaker— 
This  gem li  m  Ml  iiad  stat  d,  with  a  view  ot'oim  an 
esiinialeofh- value  o!  the  l.miitedE  usllndi..  trade 
tlierem  conceded  as  conip  red  witli  die  more  t;eiie- 
ril  grant  on  the  same  sui.jf-ct  in  tlie  treaty  of  Mr. 
J  ly,  tli.U,  subsrquen  to  the  date  of  that  treaty,  Great 
liritain  ha  ;  opened  this  trade  to  her  own  subjects 
not  of  ihe  E,st  In  lia  comiJatiy,  :.nd  therefore  needed 
not  M)  much  the  .issisl  inc.'  of  foreign  merchants  to 
bring  supplies  of  ;)ullion  If  this  formed  an  item 
for  raising  the  v  due  of  the  concession,  it  was  pro- 
per to  state  ano'tier  fact  which  would  go  to  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  ace mnt  and  serve  to  adjust  the 
bal-nce.  Since  Mr.  J,\'s  treaty  (he  b.-lieved  in 
1797)  the  Biiish  parli..mfnt  ii  d  opined  this  same 
iriUc  to  the  subjects  of  all  friendly  powers,  and  to 
tins  day,  without  treaty,  it  remained  op  n  to  them 
aii— the  f.ct  w.is,  that  liu- British  E  isi  In.iia  pos- 
sessions were  vduable  m<n-e  for  revenue  tiian  com- 
merce. This  revenue  ivqiiired  a  free  importation 
of  ouUion  from  wiiatever  qviHr'er  it  could  be  liad, 
and  ..  free  exportation  of  ilieli-  commodities  to  fo- 
reign countries — it  was,  besides,  desira.bi",  that  this 
exportation  should  be  made  to  ii-.tant  region-^,  wnere 
they  we:c  not  l.kely  to  come  into  direct  competi- 
tion with  the  ni.iimfacture^  of  the  p.iient  king'.om-. 

Whether  the  Easi  India  trade  Was  at  all  desirable 
to  this  country.  Was  a  question  on  which  enlij^htened 
iitaiesmen  greatly  differed.  Our  table  was  groumng 
under  the  weight  of  peiitions  for  prohibiiiag  tlie 
great  mass  of  iniporiaiions  from  that  quarier,  and 
tiiere  h  ;d  been  a  long  .aid  loud  compl  dnt  against 
the  perpetual  diain  of  specie  to  it.  However  this 
miglit  be,  it  was.  V'l-y  certain  that  the  onlv  conces- 
sion made  by  the  3d  article  was  of  a  trade  Ire  dy 
open  to  us  by  a  general  law,  ;uid  which  was  so  desira- 
ble lo  them  thit  they  might  find  it  their  interest  to 
pay  us  a  bounty  not  to  „bandon  it.  .Great  B.i-.ain 
and  her  riders  well  understood  the  spirit  of  traffic, 
and  wc-  mi^lit  rely  on  it,  Uka  had  not  in  this  instance 
given  US  a  ''quid"  without  a  "9«'/'  in  return  for  it. 

Mr.  CLitu  said,  that  the  genileni  m  iToni  Nor  h  Ca- 
rolina an  I  iiimselt  were  at  issue  on  the  fact.  Mr. 
C.  denied  that  the  trade  to  British  Indies  was  open 
to  us  by  act  of  p  irli  iment.  B)  ihe  regulations  of 
the  local  authority  of  tliose  countries  'he  trade  might 
be  open  to  us  but  the  difftrence  between  sucli  te- 
gulations  and  the  stipul , lions  of  a  treaty  was,  that  if 
there  were  any  v  lue  in  the  trade  to  tlie  British 
East  India  possessions,  the  treaty  stipulations  pre- 
vents us  from  being  deprived  of  it  by  a  repeal  of 
tiiose  regulaiions  uuring  ilie  contiuumce  of  the 
treaty,  'liie  ben 'fi'  of  the  trade  itself  was  anoihep 
question;  if  not  beneficial,  tlie  treaty  did  not  force  it 
on  us.  Mr.  C.  adder.,  tli.t  tie  was  not  disposed  to 
en'er  into  a  discussion  of  the  trealy-mfking  jiower, 
r  miglit  bo;  sufficient  for  liim  to  say,  th.xt  at  worst, 
ccordmg  to  tl.e  opinions  of  the  gentlemen  on  ihe 
odier  spie,  (he  act  would  i)e  h..rmless;  wiidst,  in  ijie 
opinion  uf  genliem.n  on  this  side,  it  was  entirely  ne- 
cessary. 

INir.  Gaston  rejoin.^d  a  few  words  rather  in  acqtiies- 
cence  m  llie  Kieaof'the  bill  being  li.irmless.  As  to 
die  East  India  trsde,  he  said,  it  was  no<  to  b-  pre- 
sumed, tiiat  the  trade  which  itie  government  of  Great 
IJi'itain  held  out  to  every  ^>reign  power  widiout  an 
quiv  dent,  could  it-selfb^  of  ain  great  use.  As  to 
ihe  siipulatlon  on  this  he  id,  in  the  treaty  supposed 
lo  be  so  favorable  to  us,  Mr.  G  said,  that  Gie.a;  Bri- 
■ain  was  not  in  the  habit  of  giving  advantages  with- 
out tquivalents. 

1      In  reply  to  a  previous  remark  of  Mr.  Gaston,  tliat 
III    IV as  enti.elj  an  error  to  suppose  a  law  n<.c--ssary 
I  to  give  effect  to  a  treaty,  which,   being    he  suppt-nj^ 
llav.  of  the  land,  is  paramount  to  eiistiuK  U\y5i-~ 
B 


10 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUFSTIOK. 


IVfr.  Forsyth  said  he  had  no  disposition  to  enter  in   do  away  their  discriminatinec  duties,  on  a  pledge  thai 


to  the  discussion  of  this  question;  but  it  might  be 
necessiivy  that  he  slioidd  say  that  the  passage  of  this 
bill  was  not  merely  harmhss,  but  Indispensable;  be- 
cause the  power  of  legislatioH  was  vested  in  con- 
gress, and  couU  be  exe.cised  by  no  other  authority. 
This  doctrine  was  not  only  correct  and  constitu'ion 
a],  but  had  been  .icted  on  by  all  administrations  and 
in  all  limes.  The  provisions  of  the  tiealy  being 
general,  it  was,  independent  of  the  gencnd  ques- 
tion of  the  effect  of  a  trtaiy  on  existiijg  l^ws.  ne- 
cessary to  declure  in  what  maimer  the  act  should  be 
carried  into  effect,  &c. 

Soma  further  observations  passed  on  this  subject 
between  Mr.  Gasioii  and  Mr.  Forsyth,  but  being  af- 
terwards amply  stated  by  them  in  debate,  are  omit- 
ted in  this  place. 

The  ouimittee  having  risen  and  reported  the 
bill  nn-i  anvndments — an  objection  was  made  by 
Mr.  Milnor  to  an  amendment  going  to  limit  the  ope- 
ration of  the  bill  to  IJrltish  vessels  com?ngf/irec«?^ 
from  tho  British  territories  in  Europe.  On  this 
question  some  debate  took  place — Mr.  Forsyth  con- 
tending, though  he  considered  the  amendment  was 
of  no  great  importance,  that  it  was  according  to  the 
letter  and  spirit  of  the  treaty. 

Oil  motion  of  Mr.  Milnor, 'the  house  adjourned 
without  deciding  this  question, 

FllIDAY,  JAW.  5-. 

The  amendment  above  referred  to  being  still  un- 
der consider'tlon — 

Mr.  Forsyth  defended  tlie  amendment.  He  was  of 
,ophiion  that  that  construction,  and  no  other,  ought 
to  be  put  on  ihe  treaty,  whicli  was  embraced  by  the 
amendment.  In  the  construction  of  any  part  ot 
an  instrument,  reference  must  be  made  to  its  ob- 
ject. 'J'he  whole  object  of  the  treaty,  was,  to  regu- 
late th  ;  direct  commerce  between  the  United  States 
and  the  territories  of  Great  Biitain  in  Europe.  The 
exception  in  re.spect  to  the  East  India  trade  prov- 
ed the  rukjand  excluded  the  idea  of  other  exceptions. 
The  correctness  of  this  constructif)n,  he  said,  was 
further  evinced  by  the  sonvspondence  between  our 
ministers  and  the  Britisli  negocialors,  &c.  as  he  pro 
ceeiied  to  shev^',  by  reference  to  the  published  cor- 
lespondencc,  &c 


we  would  do  the  same.  Thi-  ire.^ty,  he  said,  was 
merely  an  echo  of  the  princi])les  of  that  law.  Theft 
why  should  not  the  most  liberal  interpretation  be 
given  to  the  treaty?  He  could,  he  s.ud,  readily  con- 
ceive, that  a  commerce  carried  on  circuitously  by  G. 
Britain,  under  such  a  construction,  would  be  of  but 
little  importanc-  to  her,  because  of  the  relative  si- 
tuation of  her  and  oui  ports.  But  there  were  many 
Cases  occurring  in  tiie  course  of  commercial  trans- 
actions, when  the  privileges  would  be  highly  advan- 
tageous to  us,  as  in  the  case  of  clearing  out  to  one 
port,  and  desiring  to  seek  further  for  »  market,  &c. 
a  case  daily  occurring.  For  the  construction  of  a 
treaty  we  ought  to  resort  no  where  but  to  the  instru- 
ment itself;  and  he  did  not  think  the  amendment 
could  be  supported  on  it. 

Mr.  Tucker  said,  that  he  feared  he  should  incur 
the  imputation  of  presumption,  in  venturing  upon 
a  discussion  involving  commercial  considerations, 
with  which  he  could  not  pretend  to  be  familiar. — 
Convinced,  however,  of  the  impropriety  of  such  of 
the  amendments  reported  by  the  committee  of  the 
whole  house,  as  had  a  tendency  to  discriminate  be- 
tween the  direct  and  indirect  trade  with  the  British 
dominions  in  Earope,  he  rose  very  respectfully  to 
stiggest  to  his  friend,  at  the  head  of  the  commit- 
tee of  foreign  aflairs,  the  propriety  of  waving  those 
amendments;  and  at  the  same  time,  to  offer  to  the 
house  the  reasons  which  had  induced  such  a  sugges- 
tion. 

It  appears  to  me,  continued  Mr.  Tucker,  that  in 
legislating  on  this  convention,  we  should  confine 
ourselves'^to  the  terms  of  the  instrviment  itself,  with- 
out  attempting  by  any  suparadded  phraseology,  to 
give  it  a  construction  which  we  may  suppose  it  will 
bear.  The  terms  of  the  law  ought  strictly  to  cor- 
respond with  those  of  the  treaty,  lest  by  departing 
from  it  we  should  hazard  a  breach  of  faith,  the  im- 
putation of  which  we  should  be  solicitous  to  avoid. 
Whether  we  i-egard  the  convention  as  so  plain,  as 
not  to  be  susceptible  of  a  two-fold  meaning  or  not, 
it  is  equally  evident  that  it  would  be  unwise  to  de- 
part from  its  phraseology  in  framing  the  act  under 
consideration.  For  if  it  be  not  susceptible  of  more 
than  one  meaning,  why  shall  we  attempt  to  explain 


Mr.     oberisuii  after  remarking  that  no  inference  what  requires  no  explanation.''  If,  on  the  contrary,  it 

rfoe.5  admit  of  a  double  construction,  what  right  have 
we,  as  one  of  the  contracting  parties,  to  pronounce 
upon  the  true  interpretation  of  the  instrument,  which 
m;ty  not  equally  be  claimed  by  the  other  party  to 
the  convention.  By  such  a  course  of  proceeding, 
the  treaty  itself  wotild  be  the  source  of  most  serious 


cpid'l  be  dr^iwn  from  papers  not  before  the  house, 
(as  t'le  conespondence  of  our  ministers  was  not) 
proceeded  to  obseiv?,  that  he  could  not  see  the  ne- 
cessity of  tlie  amendment.  It  did  not  belong  to  th'' 
treaty,  any  more  than  to  the  interests  of  the  United 
State,s.     That  trea'y  gave  privileg'cs,  of  which  this 

amendment,  i*^  adopted,  would  deprive  us.  The  j  collisions.  But,  if  on  the  contrary,  we  should  pass 
amnn-Jrnent  went  to  cut  off' a  trade  which  it  is  of,  this  act  in  the  terms  of  the  treaty,  and  leave  to  the 
importance  to  us  to  preserve.  The  terms  of  the , executives  of  the  two  nations  to  settle  and  adjust 
instrument  to  be  carricrl  into  effect  by  this  bill,  did  i  any  ambiguity  it  may  contain,  no  evil  can  ensue.  If 
not,  as  far  as  he  could  understand,  authorize  the 
construction,  that  British  vessels,  coming  from  other 
than  British  ports,  are  to  be  subject  to  higher  du- 
ties th.m  if  they  c:uTie  direct  from  a  port  of  Great 
Briiaiu.  The  terms  of  the  treaty,  and  the  interests 
of  commerce,  equally  forbade  such  a  construction. 
Appreciating-  the  c.ipability  and  enterpiize  of  this, 
'as  a  navigating  and  ship-biulding  people,  he  was  per- 
fectly i-eady  *(>  enter  the  lists  with  any  or  all  com- 
mercijl  nations,  on  the  fair  and  liberal  principles  be- 
lon;;ingto  commerce,  unaffected  i)y  commercial  re- 
strictions, rl^  desired  no  more  in  this  respect,  than 
that  we  s-iHukl  be  placed  on  an  equal  footing  with 
otlier  powers,  not  doubting  but  we  should  gain  pro- 
fit from  the  competition.  I!e  referred  to  the  act  of 
the  last  ccinyress,  hypothetically  repealing  the  dis- 
criminating duties,  as  evidence  of  the  intention  of 
congress  to  hold  out  an  invitation  to  all  nations  to 


it  be  attempted  in  the  two  countries,  to  settle  the 
meaning  of  the  instrument  by  legislative  provision, 
it  is  probable  the  parties  will  soon  be  at  issue,  as  no 
means  can  be  devised  for  mutual  explanations  be- 
tween them,  in  a  legislative  character.  But,  if  the 
adjustment  be  left  with  the  executive,  such  mutual 
expbnations  can  and  will  take  place,  and  every  un^ 
pleasant  collision  may  be  avoided. 

Bui  let  us  enquire  for  a  moment,  whether  the  evils 
likely  to  be  incurred  by  the  United  S'ates,  in  esse 
the  provisions  of  the  treaty  ai-e  confined  to  the  di- 
rect trade,  are  of  so  serious  a  nature,  as  to  tempt 
us,  even  for  a  moment,  to  put  at  haz  a-d  our  repu- 
tation for  good  faith.  So  far  from  be  lieving  that  we 
shall  sufl^er  by  such  a  construction,  I  feel  perfectly 
satisfied,  that,  we  should  be  the  gauiers;  and,  though 
I  am  CDnscious  that  I  approach  a  subject  on  which, 
commercial  men  ought  chiefly  to  be  consulted,  yst. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  QUESTION. 


ii 


I  will  solicit  the  attention  of  the  house,  whilst  I  dis- 
tinctly stale  the  reason  of  this  opinion. 

Pursuing  the  latitude  which  has  been  t^iken  by 
others,  I  shall  embrace  in  my  remarks  both  the  a- 
men.lments  which  contemplate  a  distinction  between 
the  direct  and  induect  trade.  There  are  two  claus- 
es of  .he  treaty  which  are  -ffected  by  these  amend- 
ments. The  first  relates  to  ihe  equilization  of  the 
tonnage,  or  duties  and  charges  on  the  vesxel,  and 
provides  th.it  no  "hi>;h°r  or  ()\her  duty  or  cii:iiges 
sh^Ube  impost,'d  in  any  of  the  por^s  of  the  Umuci 
States  on  British  vessels,  th.«n  those  payable  in  the 
same  ports  by  vessels  of  th-^  United  States,"  with  a 
correspondent  provision  in  fivorofthe  United  Stales. 
If  this  provision  be  confined  to  the  direct  tra  le  be- 
tween the  United  S;ates  .inrt  Great  Britain,  accord 
ing  to  thf  terms  of  the  bill,  as  amended  by  the  com- 
mittee, British  vessels,  it  is  true,  could' not  en^er 
into  a  competition  with  an  American  vessel,  in  car- 
rying British  articles  from  the  continent  of  Europe, 
or  other  foreign  ports  to  America,  bec.iUse  the  ad- 
ditional tonnage  would  give  a  prelerence  to  the  A- 
merican  bottom.  But  it  must  be  r-collected  that  a 
reciprocal  disadvantage  is  incuired  by  American 
bottoms  in  a  like  trade  from  the  continent  to  Great 
Britain,  in  American  articles;  and  thwt,  according 
to  the  narrow  and  limit  ted  construction  contend^t: 
for,  an  American  vessel  could  not  enter  in(o  a  com- 
petition With  a  British  vessel  in  the  Car  iage  from 
the  continent  to  Great  Britain.  Bui  wiiat  wdl  b.  the 
operation  of  the  convention?  To  permit  Americ^m 
vessels  to  compete  on  equal  terms  with  Briij^h  ves 
sels,  in  the  carriage  of  American  pro  luce  from  the 
continent  and  els-where,  to  Great  Bn' am,  or  in  any 
other  trade  which  is  now  permitted,  nr  may  he  here- 
after suffered  to  be  carried  on  in  foreign  ships  at 
all;  and  to  give  a  correspondent  privilege  to  British 
vessels  in  the  trade  to  the  United  States  of  America. 
Which  then  is  likely  to  derive  the  greatest  advan- 
tage from  the  regulation.?  That  which  is  most  likdy 
to  avsil  itself  extensiv.dy  of  the  privdeges  of  thc 
convention.  Anl  which  is  most  likelv  toavdl  its  It 
extensively  of  these  privileges.''  The  'Aineric:>n  ship 
owner,  I  presume,  since  the  proximity  of  the  por.s 
between  which  he  will  generally  trade,  will  make 
the  pursuit  more  convenient  and  more  profil.ible  th.jn 
that  in  which  the  British  ship  o«vner  c^n  be  emplov- 
ed,  under  the  same  provisions  of  the  convenhoii.  L 
seems  manifest,  for  insUnce,  that  it  would  be  much 
more  convenient  for  an  American  to  enter  into  tlu' 
trade  between  Portugal  and  E:iglan  1,  distint  fro.ri 
each  other  only  a  few  day's  sal,  thaa  for  an  E  !g- 
lishman  to  engige  in  the  trade  between  Portugal 
and  trie  United  States,  separated  as  they  are  bv  an 
ocean  of  3000  miles;  if  so,  more  of  our  ship  owners 
than  of  the  British,  are  likely  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  privileges  of  the  treaty,  and  of  course  we  shall 
^am  mor-i  (han  we  can  lose  by  its  stipulations,  in 
relation  to  tonn  ige,  according  to  the  construction 
for  which  I  contend. 

So  much  then  for  the  provision  in  relation  to  the 
tonnage.  Let  us  next  see  what  is  the  operation  of 
tlie  n^xt  clause. 

It  provides  that  "the  same  duties  shill  be  paid  on 
the  importation  into  the  United  States  of  an-  arti- 
cles thf- growth,  produce  or  m..nufucture  of  li'is  Bri 
tannic  m.ijesty's  territories  in  Eut  npe,  wiiether  such 
importation  be  in  American  or  Bril;su  vessels,"  witn 
a  correspondent  provision  m  f  >vor  of  Americin  ar- 
ticles. The  remarks  alr.-ady  ma'^H  In  relati.-.n  to  tiic 
tormer  clause,  apply  with  the  same  force  to  this.— 
There  is,  it  is  true,  but  little  prob.  odi'v  of  eilUer  u> 
the  two  nations  engag,,,^-  in  an  inriirect  trad.-,  so 
iong  as  this  convention  lasts,  by  vvliich  the  direct 
«i'<»de  is  permitted  on  such  advantageous  terms.    In 


th-  n  tture  of  things,  every  merchant  will  prefer  th' 
direct  to  the  rounuabout'trad--.  Tne  importation 
into  the  United  S  ^tes,  of  British  articles  from  fo- 
reign ports  otiier  thin  those  of  Great  B.itain,  will, 
therefore,  rarely  take  pla.e,  and  w,il,  1  presume,  be 
fonfined  to  c 'ses  where  the  British  gootis  do  not 
find  a  ready  sile  m  the  t'on-ign  market,  .ind  are  sent 
to  America  from  ihence,  as  ullbrHinga  better  pros- 
pect of  mercau'ile  aavitntage.  So  too  the  importa- 
tion into  the  pons  of  Gre>t  Britain,  from  cor.linen- 
til  ports,  of  Aniericjn  nifrchandize,  will  on!}  occur 
when  the  American  mercii;int,  after  i-eaching  the  fo- 
reign port,  finds  it  to  his  advantige  to  change  his 
ni  irket,  and  sends  his  cargo  from  its  first  port  of 
destin.tion  to  Great  Britain.  Which  of  these  cases' 
is  likely  to  occur  most  frequently.'  Is  it  more  proba- 
ble thai  the  exporlpr  of  m  nafactiites  from  Great 
Bnttin,  will  find  it  necessary  to  change  his  market, 
and  send  his  goods  from  the  continent  of  Europe  or 
other  foreign  ports  to  the  Unised  States,  or  that  the 
Americ:m  exporter  of  tobacco  and  cotton  will,  on 
his  arrival  at  a  continental  port,  find  his  advantage 
in  looking  for  a  bettet  maiket  in  London  or  Liver- 
pool? The  latter,  without  doubt.  The  former  must 
rarely  happen:  the  latter,  as  my  friend  from  Louisi- 
ana has  already  intimated,  occurs  very  frequently. — 
Great  disadvantages  in  .such  cases  would,  of  course, 
be  experienced,  if  the  American  rrierchant  should^ 
in  the  foreign  port,  when  he  wished  to  change  his 
market,  encounter  atidiiional  tonn'^ge  and  additional 
.mports,  in  case  he  made  use  of  an  American  vessel, 
for  the  transportation.  In  truth,  no  American  vessel 
could  enter  into  the  competition  with  British  bot- 
toms under  such  unpropitioiis  C'rcumsiancts.  Yet 
would  this  be  precisely  the  state  of  things  if  the 
u-fjatv  b-  confine!  to  the  direct  trade.  On  the  other 
Mand,  if  it  applies  al^oto  the  indirect  trade,  the  to- 
bacco and  cotton,  and  other  bulky  articles,  of  Ame- 
rican export,  may  ch.inge  their  market  without  its 
iieirig  nectissary  to  seek  for  British  vessels,  to  the 
exch'isionof  thos:'of  ttu' United  Siates:  and  Ameri- 
c.n  vess.ds  would  thus  monopolize  v?ry  soon  tha 
freight  from  which  the\  are  n.iw  excluded. 

1  cannot,  therefore,  but  b^iievf-,  that  it  is  our  in- 
terest  to  coniend,  that  the  convention,  according  to 
tne  tiue  const -uct  ion  of  it,  conip.  eiiends  the  indi- 
rect as  well  '<«  >hp  dp-ect  trade  That  such  w.is  the 
mention  of  'he  Ameiican  cormrdssioners,  <.nd  the 
wish  of  theAni'^rican  government,  is  indeed  strong- 
ly inferable  from  the  existence  of  the  act  of  con- 
gress, read  bv  the  gentleman  from  Louisian  ,  in 
which  th  J  most  general  terms  are  ust  J,  cqualh  com-' 
prenensive  widi  those  in  the  convention,  and  equal- 
ly embracing  iridrecfiis  vvtll  as  direct  trade.  V.'iih 
tliis  strong  and  decis  ve  expression  of  the  legisla- 
tive will,  tn«- execu'ive  htve  concluded  tliis  conven- 
tion. Tii.'y  seem  to  have  followed  the  expressions  of 
the  .ict,  nor  could  they  or  the  commi.s.sioner.s  be 
j.istly  c.^-nsured,  if  the  provisuJis  were  really  disad- 
vantageous. Believing  the  c.in.iary,  as  1  do,  1  can- 
not give  mv  assent  to  an  amendment  whlcli  would 
exclude  usfrom  *  fair  advanuge  gained  by  the  trea- 
ty: "lid  ev;n  if  i.iy  impression?  on  this  subject  were 
d'lflerent,  I  shoul'd  think  i'  improper  to  attempt  a 
iegisialive  expression  ol  the  insliument.  As  1  have 
ilreadvintiniatel,  it  seems  to  me  that  it  would  be 
most  advisauleto  ieave  the  construct  ion,  if  doubtful, 
to  be  settled  be' ween  the  executives  of  the  two 
na-ions,  without  h.azardmg  collision  or  a  breach  of 
aivli,  by  introducing  into  the  law  our  own  intcrpre- 
taiion. 

Mr.  Craston  said  that  he  had  yesterday,  in  com- 
mittee of  the  whole,  expressed  an  opinion  in  rela- 
tion \o  this  bill,  which  subsequent  refleoiioii  hai 
conviiiced  him  v/as  erroneous.    He  had  reniurk-edj 


12 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER-TREATY  aUESTTON. 


that  altliough  the  bill  was  in  his  judgment  unneC'^s-]shall  exten.i  to  all  cnses  in  law  and    qnly  ansincf  un 

aarv,  it    w<s    nevertheless  liarmless.     He   was  now 

satisfied  that  the  bill  was  no'  only  unnecessary,  bir 

of  a  pt-rnicious  ch>ir:.cter,  and  while  l»e  owed  it   '.o 

the  house  to  retract  Iiis  error,  he   owed  to  hiinsr-H 

an   ipolotry  for  adoptiiu-  it.     Tiie  f.  ct  was,  that  be 

Jieving  tiie  house  ct  representatives  could  have  no 

atjeacy  in  ex  cuiing  the  commercial  convention  be- 

twi^en  the  Uitited  States  and  Gr-at  Britain,  and  li  v 

ing'iiis  atiention  much  occupied  wi;h  public  busiii  ss 

of  a  different  cliirictc-i-,  iu  h  id  tuought  very    \\  tie 

of  the  convention  itself  or  of  ih'-  !>ill  wliici*  h  'S  b'^cn 

introduced  for  canying  ii    into  effect.     And  wiien  it 


Tsvas  remirked  by  a  member  of  the  committee,  that 
a  law  re-enactinaf  what  he  (Mr.  G  )  supposed  to  be 
alv(-aily  l.iw,  was  at  worst  but  a  supfiHiums  act  of 
legisUtlon,  and  coul  I  not  therefore  do  hi.m;  the 
rem  I'k  seemed  pl.iusi'f  ,  und  commanded  ius  ..s- 
senlfo^tlle  mom-iit.  P  rfecily  persutded  liowevtr 
that  this  impression  was  incorrect,  and  that  an\  le- 
gisl  ition  b\  tiu;  house  was  full  of  misciuef,  he  would 
su'itnit  a  motion  calciiia'-d  to  trj  'be  principle  <>• 
tiie  bill.  He  ther-fore  moved  its  ind  finile  po.sipone- 
ni  nt. 

1 1  m  king  'his  motion,  he  assured  the  house,  'hat 
he  viras  not  actuated  by  any  thing  like  a  spirit  of  op- 
position. He  Ml  i  com:'  uvo  '  o  igrcss  with  a  perfec 
dispos  'i')"i  to  en- ipgrale  wl  b  his  ass 'ciates  of  vviiat 
ever  political  pariy,  in  any  measures  winch  migh* 
promoie  tiie  p>iblic  weal.  And  he  indulged  the  bop. 
that  now  wi)en  the  irouble.i  night  of  war  had  de- 
part''d,  and  the  day  s'ar  of  peace  agiin  beamed  on 
our  land,  ther°  would  be  at  l-ast  a  short  imerv.d  of 
C:dm  iiid  sunshine,  in  which  all  could  work  cheer- 
fully and  Inrmonioiisly  together. 

1 1  attempting  to  shew  tlie  impropriety  of  the  bill, 
M  ■    G    would    enJeavor,  if  possibl^^,  not    to  tre.d 
upon    ground   conseci-aled  by  party   prtjuiice.     Hr 
believ'd    it  was  not  nr»cessary   for   his  argument  to 
lay  down  any  prlnclpk  s  in  reli'ion  to  ih?  eiVeclof  a 
tr.-aty  constitutionally  made,  tiiat  might  not  be  con- 
ceded as  Correct    bv  the   ancien'    ciumpions  ofth;- 
piry  which  now  hold  the  government  of  the  uni  -n. 
It  would  no  doubt  he  recolKc'ed.   th  it  a  v^h^men' 
contest  about  the  efficacy  of  Ih"  British   treaty  h  <>1 
talc  n   place  in    'be  houst   of  repres  m  itives,  at  an 
ea.ly  puiol  o*'  oar  federal  government.     H     couid 
l:iot  undert  kf»  to  speak  confidently  of  the  opinions 
of  dl  who  took  p  irt  in  that  controvei  sv,  (for  it  w  s 
a  long  wiiile  since  he  had  read  the  debate,)  but  he 
b-liev  'd   the  great    point  in   contest  tion,   was    the 
na'ure  of  the   o  dlgUion   on  tiie  house  of  r.-presen- 
ttives  to  niak>  appropriations  in  cnformity  to  the 
trei'V.     On-    cl  iss  of  politicians,  (and  he  beiieveu 
tii-ivi  ;-igii')  considered  it  is  a  moral  obhgUio  i  wiiich 
could  onb,  yi' 1 1  loobligaions  of  a  pu-amouiit  kimi 
Tlie  other  cl..ss  of  poll  icians  vi   wed  it  as  an  obliga- 
tion of  discretion  only,  which  1-fi  th-   house  a  full 
right  to  ju  igeof  the  expr^Lency  or  inf-xpedieiicy  of 
the  treaty.  There  could  no.  b  ive  be^'U  a  serious  differ 
ence  of  opinion  among  the  wise  ;!iid  ai-le  men  of  eitiier 
si.l",  wii-'her  a  treaty  cons  itu'ionaliy  T.ade  upon  a 
HU'^ject  fi'  for  a  treaiy,  wa^;,  or  w.is  no  "a  law;  to  be  ex- 
ecute.l  by  t;ie  execuuve,  and  expoim.ied  by  the  jn 
diciary,  as  o  her  l.iwsm  ide  m  oth  r  Iprms,  prescrib- 
ed by  the  coiisti-ulion.     The   words  of  that  instru 
Tnent  wer  ■  too  precise  'o  aiimii  of  rational  doubt. — 
"This  consiiuitii.n,  and  tiie  l.iwsof  the  United  States 
v/iiicii  s.'i  11  be  ma  ie  in   pursu  nee   thereof,  and  all 
treaties  made,  or  which  shidl  be  made  under  the  au- 
thority of  the   United    States,  sh  dl   be  th'^  supreme 
lart-  of  the  land."  J}rt.6—Part  2d.     "He"   the  pre- 
sident "s'l  dl  t.ke  care 'hat  the   ;uws    v,'.    failhfullv 


der  this  constitu  inn,the  laws  of  the  United  Siaies 
and  the  tr'^aties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made  un- 
er  their  auihoritv."     Jrt.  3d.   Sec.  2. 
That  it  was  nevr  supposed  necessary  to  impart  a 
l",,isl  tive   sanction   to  a  treaty,  in  order  to  v;  s'  it 
with  everv  atiribut?  of  a  I'W,  was  hirther  evu.ced 
by   the   uniform  practice  of  our  government   under 
different  administrations.     Notwiliistmding  the  Bri- 
tish trealv   contained   various  provisions  of  a  com- 
mercial char  der,  no  act  of  congress  was  passed  to 
c  rry  them   into  tff  ct.     The  sol  ■  legislation  which 
look  place,  w.is  an  act  makiUj;  uppropri  dions  for  the 
pay  of  the  commissioners  to  b?  appointed  under  the 
tr-».'ity.     Tins  was   done   precisely    upon    the  s.ime 
principles  as  an  appropriUion  is   made  to  defray    he 
:xpences  attending  the  execution  of  o'her  laws;  not 
b-'Ciiusethe  treaty  or  th"  l.iws  requir"  such  sanction 
to  give  them   validity,  but  bee  .use  (by   th"   constl- 
ution')  public  revenue  can  only  be  disbursed  in  con- 
isf-quenceof  regular  appropriations.     But  there  was 
X  I,! ier  precedent  .iirectly  in  poim.and  which   some 
'  nvl--m-n  might  be  disposed  to  regard  with  gi  eater 
,.gyj,,.p,,(.e.     In  ilie  convention  which  was  concluaed 
betw-en  the  United  Stales  and   thf-  first  consul    of 
dv  French   republic,  there  was  an  article    siipu- 
l.iting,  that   captures  made  on  either  side,    shorld 
be  restored.     Tiie  French    ship  B  rcau    had    b  -^p 
capt  ind  by  us  long  b'  fore,  and  by  the  laws  of  our 
Imdhad  become  the  absolute  propery  of  the  nation. 
No  ac'  of  congress  w  'S  passed,  none  was  supposed 
iifcesstrv,  toenanle   th    p-esident  to  tr  lusfei    this 
ufopertv'of  thi  nation  to  the  French  republic     The 
treaty   was  deemed  law  sufficient  for   th..'  purpose, 
and  'he   then  presid  nt  (J  fferson)  cau.sed  the  Ber- 
•ceau  to  be  res'ored  according  to  the   treaty. 

M^-  G.  was  perfectly  aware,  that  'reaties,  like 
othTlaww,  might  b'='  so  m'de  as  to  r.  quire  the  ai'd 
of  supplemental  legislation.  Such,  however,  was 
no;  the  Case  with  ihe  convention  lef-M-red  to  in  this 
:)ill.  A  rem  u-k  was  yster.lay  made  by  a  gentleman 
from  Georgia,  (Mr  Forsy'h)"designed  to  sh'W  that 
I'lis  convention  ne' d  d  such  auxiliary  leglsbition; 
but.  on  reflection,  h.  w  .s  satisfied  that  the  r>  mark 
w.;s  nr)t  well  founded.  The  gentlj'm  >n  ohservtd,  tliat 
the  convent  ion  s'ipulat'-d  only  for  ,.n  ^quality  ot  du- 
ties in  certain  case*-,  upon  importations  in  Brtish 
iud  American  vessels,  without  specifying  whether 
this  eqti  lity  was  to  be  produced  by  raising  the  r^.tes 
on  Americac  vessels,  or  depre.ssing  those  on  British 
v"ss;  Is.  II  Will  be  found,  however,  said  Mr  G.  that 
tbi  treaty  in  this  respecL  executes  itsf^lf  We  liive 
laws  fixing  the  rates  ot  tonn  ge  on  Americ  .n  vessels, 
and  lae  duties  on  importations  in  them.  Other  laws 
prescribe  that  additional  rales  ana  duties  shall  be 
imposed  in  the  c  .se  of  foreign  vessels.  A  tre  .ty  is 
tlienm  dewith  Great  Britdn,  prescribing  that  her 
vessels  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  rates  and  duties 
as  are  levied  on  American  ships.  As  this  treaty  is  a 
1  iw  of  the  land,  it  should  be  construed  precisely  as 
any  other  law.  Suppos  ■  the  stipulation  were  C(m- 
taiuid  in  an  act  of  congress,  th  n,  upon  the  priii'^iple 
tha'.  u  ).-.  qiieni  ac's  repeal  so  nnicii  of  prloi  .  cts  as 
is  inconsistent  wiib  them,  the  effect  assuredly  is  to 
except  British  ships  from  the  operation  of  the  laws 
.nffecting  foreign  vessels  generally.  Whatever  your 
duties  may  be  in  regard  to  American  bottoms,  the 
same  duties  are  by  the  treaty  made  to  apply  to  British 
ships.  . 

iVIr.  G.  said,  that  these  observations  were  designed 


to  prove,  and  in  his  judgment  did  prove,  that   the 

bill  was  unnecessary.     This  however,  w  s  but  intro- 

diicun-y  to  the  position  which  he  had  advanced,  that 

xecuted."    ^rt.  2ci  Sec.  3J.    "The  judicial  power   the  bill  was  of  a  dangerous  and  injurious  character, 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTFR— TREATY  QUESTION. 


IS 


{n  a  pf  nv-rnment  of  laws,  il  was  always  to  de  Ucsn  d 
itii'i  liose  who  re  cliL-i  on  io  ob^-y,  •iml  those  who 
wer?  ippoint-  tl  to  expound  \.h<'  nUnni'd  will,  shoiiltl 
not  be  p  ;rpl-x^l  and  emb  iri-issed  by  siipi  rflu  )iis  re- 
fill itioiis.  Bui  there  were  prominent  .iiid  especial 
evds  followini^  from  an  uniiicessai'y  legislation  in  re- 
gai'd  'n  tre,i  ies  The  power  of  niakiiif,^  ih-m  (said 
Mr.  G  )  IS,  by  the  constitu  ion,  vested  m  tiie  presi 
dent,  c  lli'Jty  to  ids  lid  •  he  coinisel  of  the  st-ni  f.  !■ 
this  power  be  so  ex  ;cis-:'d  that  the  're:it\  c  <n  exeruie 
itself,  whit  IS  theeflvc. of  in  unnecessary  law  enuci 
ed  for  Its  •xecu'ion?  To  he  tiiougirless  and  super- 
ficijl  il  might  seem  mp-'ely  in  encroachment  upon 
the  prei-ogHtive  (if  'he  execu  ive,  md  'his  n  ight  no' 
be  ,ie  -med  m  evil  very  much  to  be  ure.ided  by  tiie 
fri- lids  of  politic  d  freedom.  But,  in  fact,  it  'S  not 
a  diminii  ion  of  tiie  poieer  .if  Me  executive;  it  is  ■ 
drniiiution  o'liv  o'"  tii-^  yei-ponsiblUty  Tiie  law  con- 
fers DO  uddiii )  id  V  li  liiy  lo  Mi,^  V--  ;tty — il  is  altoge- 
ther mop  r^tive,  f-xrep'  as  ^n  implied  s:tnction  ot  liie 
ierma  of  the  t.'eatv.  Tne  president  is  answerable  for 
xnikiiiv;  a  bai  compact — but  under  the  form  and  pr  - 
te  ice  of  enla'ging  l^-gislative  power,  i  shield  is  to 
be  iii'^rposed  b  ■>  ween  him  and  the  public  censure. 

Besia^s,  if  tiie  precedent  be  estHblislied  that  a 
treaty  must  be  legisl  ted  into  validity,  an  obligation 
is  imposed  upon  tlie  legisliture  and  verv  brmcli  ol 
it  to  make  the  or'wisions  of  the  hw  co  iform  strictly 
to  tlie  s'.ipuluiions  of  the  trettv;  in  other  words,  lii'- 
le_i;islHluiv  must  expound  the  treaty.  I*^  is  easy  to 
pour  out  some  str'king  absurdities  which  would  rr-- 
sul>  from  this  doetrin  ■;  though  it  is  difficult  to  im  .- 
gine  all  til  it  will  ^i  Ise  from  it.  Let  us  -tippose  a 
complex  treaty,  in  the  exposition  of  parts  of  whicii 
there  is  an  honest  iind  importint  difference  of  opinion 
between  the  two  branches  of  the  legislature.  VViiai 
is  to  be  done?  Oi-  iiii.iiy  (tffer'^nces  of  opinion  wiiich 
Cannot  be  reniovf-d,  nd  wh.re  co-oper'tioii  is  neces- 
sary, m  ly  be  aujusted  bj  compiomise.  But  on  tlii> 
subj"ct  compromise  is  impracticable.  The  sacrifices 
required  to  be  muiually  made  are  not  of  opinion  on 
a  qiii-stion  of  expedi  'iicy,  but  of  consci  nee  on  a 
niHi-er  of  right.  E  ch  is  i^ound  by  the  highest  of 
obligations  lo  expound  tli"  treaty  according  to  the 
design  of  its  froiiers.  If  in  tliis  exposition  iht-) 
Cannot  agree,  the  treaty  cannot  be  expounded,  the 
legislative  sanction  cannot  be  given,  and  the  plighted 
faitli  of  the  nation  must  be  bioken. 

Again  it  musi  be  aumitted,  for  the  constitution  is 
on  tins  particul.-.r  clear    nd  imperative,  that  the  jti 
(dicial  power  sludl  apply  lo  all  cases  arising  unuer  a 
treaty,  and  of  necessity  in  its   applic  uon  to   such 
casv^s  must  expound  the   treaty.     How   is  this  judi 
cial  power  to  oe  exercised  when  the  courts  who  are 
invested  with  it  shall  not  agree  to  the  correctness  of 
your  exposition  ;   are  they  to  be  ;)ound  by  your  expo 
sition?  If  so,  then  their  power  is  not  applied  to  cases 
as  tliey  arise  under  the  treaty,  but  as  they  arise  un- 
der your  stitute.     If  they  are  not  bound  by  your  ex- 
position, tb.-n  your  act,  instead  of  vivifying  the  trea- 
ty, is  itself  a  dead  lett'T.     If  they  sacrifice  their  con- 
sciences to  adopt  your  construction,   they  do  not  ex 
ercise  judicial  power  on  the  treaty — if  the_\   do  no 
xn  ike  tliis  sacrifice,  but  exercise  the  judical  powei 
Wliicli  tiie  conslituiion  gives  them,   dien  you  ti 'Ve  a 
law,  and  a  constitntioiinl  law,  whicii  your  own  tribu 
pals  h.ive  a  constituiional  right  to  disregard! 

But  one  would  suppose  that  a  stroivgfer  argument 
to  prove  the  danger  of  this  legislative  enacmunt  ol 
a  treaty  could  not  be  ■•froid''i,  th:m  is  to  be  found 
by  attending  to  the  course  which  has  been  pursued  on 
this  bill.  Not  to  dwell  upon  the  singular  absurdity 
of  one  ol  the  amendments  whicii  it  has  been  thougiit 
-nwessary  lo  incorporate  into  it;  an  amendment  winch 


1  ci  ^  lll;.^  hill  a  law,  twenty  days  before  it  Is  or 
can  become  a  law  under  th',  constitution;  the  ll0U^■♦i 
is  p'l'pexed  in  discussing  the  m?.'iniii,g  of  various 
p  iss  t^es  in  th"  treat_\  aduiill.-d  to  be  ambiguous,  ;nd 
tor  th^  correct  inierpre'-^tion  of  them  is  referred  by 
die  chairman  of  \he  committee  of  foreign  relations, 
towhai?  To  information  <,fncially  lai.i  i'-forei;?  To 
atitiit-ntic  locuments  in  its  possf-ssion.?  No;  the  house 
is  referre:  to  a  conespondence  bevweeu  thenegocla- 
o  s  of  the  two  naiioiis,  which  t!ie  gentleman  (Mr. 
Forss  th)  tells  us  h  is  tjeen  laid  before  the  senate;  and 
.1  p  iri  of  which  he  reads  from  a  paper  prinied  (as  he 
also  informs  us)  'or  the  use  of  th--  .-.enate.  For  what 
purpose  was  this  correspondence  laid  before  the  se- 
ll ill-?  A«sureul\  it  must  h.i\:e  been  to  aid  them  in 
understanding  the  treaty  bi  fore  they  should  give  ad- 
vice as  to  its  rat  ifi."ation.  Biii  the  house  ot  repre- 
senutives,  although  bound  lo  aid  in  legislating  the 
treaty  into  operation,  and  in  framing  a  law  wh.cli 
sh  dl  conform  to  its  firecise  nieioiing;  and  though 
gr^illv  embarrassed  to  divine  tins  me.ning,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  vagiii-ness  of  the  trea  y;  is  lef.  to 
ac'  without  the  ben-fii  of  this  necessary  information, 
except  it  be  of  such  fragments  as  may  be  doled  out 
by  the  bounty  ot  the  senate,  or  pickeu  up  by  the  in- 
dustry or  goo<l  fortune  ol  itsmenibers.  I'  lius  house 
have  to  ex[)ound  tiie  treaty,  d  is  entitled  to  tiie  pos- 
session of  evt;rv  document  which  can  throw  liglu  up- 
on its  meaning  It  cannot  be  called  on  to  act,  and 
be  d'-nic-d  them-^ms  to  act  with  mlelligenc.  These 
means,  th'^re  is  but  one  authentic  and  constitutional 
mo  il'  o\'  la\  ing  before  ua  The\  nuisl  be  ofiicidly 
communicaiel,  or  the  house,  in  respecting  them, 
will  shew  a  want  of  respect  for  itself. 

M  .  G  concluded,  by  remarking  that  if  the  house. 
stioul.i  concur  widi  him  ;n  the  opinion  thiit  the  con- 
v-n-ion  ws  complete  in  iiselt,  and  needed  no  legis- 
1 1'  ive  aid  to  c^iTV  it  in'o  cif  ci,  ihi^y  oughl  to  be  ex- 
Ceeiiingly  Cautious  in  setting  a  precedent  wiucli,  was 
cdcul.ted  to  mislead  and  eiribarrass.  Alllu)Ugh  no 
immediate  injury  might  result  from  the  act  in  this 
case,  odier  than  the  delay  and  theaifficulty  ot  j^et- 
ling  at  the  meaning  of  this  tr'-aly,  yet  immense  in- 
conveniences nngh  flow  from  following  sucii  a  pre- 
cedent, in  cas^  of  more  complexuy.  As  the  bill  waB 
a  departure  from  the  established  usage  of  he  go- 
vernmen'^ — unnecessary,  ;!nd  likely,  as  a  precedent, 
to  be  proauciive  of  mischief  hereafter — he  believed 
the  Wise  and  safe  course  was  to  decline  aciing  further 
upon  it 

Mr.  (fright  said,  he  hoped  aiad  trusted  the  amend- 
ment proposed  lo  this  bill  would  not  be  .adopted. — ■ 
The  bill  had  for  its  obj'^xt,  he  said,  the  establish- 
ment of  an  iindijrmity  of  I  lie  impost  and  tonnage, 
•is  well  as  of  til''  drawbacks  on  articles  the  grov\  th, 
produce  or  m  .nufaclure  of  his  Bntannic  m.ajesty's 
o-rritoi  ies  in  E'lropc,  imported  into  any  of  the  ports 
of  the  Unne.i  Si.ites.  Tlie  amendment  [iroposes  lo 
limit  the  importations  by  adding  "directly  from  the 
territories  aforesaid."  The  treaty,  in  its  terms,  may 
include  the  indirect  as  well  as  the  direct  trade,  and 
has  been  ra-.ified  by  the  president  by  and  with  the 
advice  .Old  consent  of  the  senate,  and  has  become 
the  supreme  law  of  the  lanu.  This  treaty  is  a  com- 
pact btvveen  Great  Britain  and  the  Uni:ed  States. 
I'he  British  parliament  lias  no  power  but  to  pass 
laws  to  Carry  tre  ties  in'o  effec — the  kiwg  has  the 
sole  power  of  making  them;  and  h  re  the  president 
ana  stnate  h've  the  powi-r  of  the  king — from  whence 
results  the  Impropriety  of  our  attempting,  in  a  law 
to  carry  the  treaty  into  efl'ect,  any  additions  to  the 
treaty.  We  have  no  diplomatic  power.  If  there  is 
any  ambiguity  in  any  artxle,  ve,  who  repiesent  only 
one  of  the  parties,  have  no  power  lo  bind  the  other 


u 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  QUESTION. 


party  by  any  actor  construction;  thit  can  be  effect- 
ed only  by  an  explanatory  article  msde  bv  the  ngents 
of  both  parties.  Sir,  in  any  contestation  about  the 
treaty  and  its  true  import,  tliis  amendment,  if  adopt- 
ed, could  not  be  considered  as  pan  of  Uie  instru- 
ment. The  treaty  is  a  record,  and  like  all  others, 
can  be  tried  only  by  itself.  I  ask,  if  the  judiciary, 
in  eiiJOunJing  this'treaty,  were  to  be  of  opinion  that 
it  included  the  indirect  as  well  us  the  direct  trade, 
what  would  be  the  operation  of  the  proposed  amend- 
ment, if  adopted?  it  certainly  would  be  considered 
as  tha  act  of  but  one  party,  as  having  no  oper  ition  in 
the  case — a  work,  therefore,  of  supererogation. 

Mr.  Gaston  having  moved  to  postpone  the  further 
consideration  of  the-  bill  indc-finilely — 

The  bill  v/as,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Tucker,  laid  on 
tlie  table. 

MONDAY,   JAN.  8. 

The  house  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  bill, 
and  of  Mr. Gaston's  motion — 

Mr.  Fursi/t/i  said,  that  the  motion  for  an  indefinite 
postponemr'nt  of  the  bill,  made  by  the  gentl-man 
from  North  Carolina,  (Mr.  Gaston)  rested  upon  the 
ground  thit  it  was  not  necessary  to  legislate  upon  the 
subject  of  the  convention.  Mr.  F.  presumed  that  it 
was  not  the  intention  of  gentlemen  to  enter  into  the 
investig.iiion  of  tlie  extent  of  the  treaty-making 
power,  or  of  the  nature  of  the  obligation  imposed 
by  a  treaty  when  made.  He  could  not  suppose-  it 
was  intended  to  rake  up  tlie  ashes  of  the  dispute  on 
th  it  question  in  the  year  1795.  Tlie  constitutional 
principle  hid  been  settled  so  far  as  it  depended  on 
the  representatives  ot  the  people  at  that  period, 
on  tiie  first  treaty  with  a  foreign  government  which 
had  been  conolad;-d  ufier  the  adoption  of  the  con 
stiLution.  By  referring  to  the  journals  of  the  pro- 
ce<-dings  of  congress,  it  would  be  found  that  the 
principle  established  was  "that  when  a  treaty  sti- 
pulates regulations  on  aiii/  of  the  subjects  submitted 
by  t!ie  constitution  to  tiie  power  of  congress,  it 
must  depend  for  its  execution  as  to  such  stipulations, 
on  a  law  or  laws  to  be  passed  by  congress."  The  re 
collection  of  the  gentleman  from  North  Carolina  was, 
tiierefore,  not  faithful,  when  he  supposed  tlie  doc 
trine  of  that  day  confined  the  power  of  congress  in 
the  execution  of  treaties,  to  cases  of  appropriation 
only.  The  rule  was  general,  and  applied  to  all  cases 
without  distinction,  over  which  power  was  specially 
given  by  the  constitution  to  the  legislative  depart- 
ment. This  general  rule,  since  that  period,  has  been 
uniformly  and  consistently  observed.  In  the  execu- 
tion of  tiie  Hritish  treaty,  no  law  was  passed  at  the 
period  of  the  memorable  dispute  already  alluded 
to,  but  one  appropriating  money;  but  the  cause 
might  be  discovered  by  referring  to  the  treaty  it- 
self. None  of  its  provisions  were  inconsistent  witli 
the  existing  laws.  Subsequently,  however,  it  was 
found  necessary  to  provide  by  law  for  the  faithful 
execution  of  the  19th  article.  By  this  article  was 
stipulated,  that  when  one  party  was  belligerent  and 
ills- other  a  neutral  power,  to  prevent  injury  to  the 
l)ioperty,  &c.  of  the  neutral  upon  the  ocean,  from 
the  improper  conduct  of  the  captains  and  crews  of 
private  armed  vessels,  the  owner  and  master  siiould 
give  bond  and  security  in  the  sum  of  150  pounds  or 
•  .'>000  pounds,  .according  to  the  size  of  the  vessel  and 
tlie  number  of  her  crew,  to  answer  for  the  injurie.- 
wlilcli  might  be  sustained  by  such  misconduct.— 
Wiicn  tiie  quasi  war  was  authorized  against  France, 
the  president  was  empowered  to  grant  permissions 
to  private  armed  vessels,  the  stipulation  of  the  trea 
ly  was  embodied  in  the  act  of  congress.  The  same 
provision  v.  as  made  in  neaily  the  same  words,  in  the 
v.ar  agamst  Tripoli.    Tlie   conduct  of  the  govern- 


ment lij.d  been  regulated  by  the  same  rule  in  their 
legislative  acts  to  carry  into  effect  the  treaty  with 
Spain.  An  appropriation  law  was  passed,  to  pay  the 
necessary  expences.  This  was  all  that  was  thea 
dtemed  necessary.  But  the  lOfh  article  of  the  trea- 
ty, intended  to  provide  for  the  case  of  vessels  of 
either  nation,  forced  by  distress  into  the  ports  of 
the  other.  The  condition  of  the  treaty  was  dictat- 
ed both  by  policy  and  luimanity;  it  was,  that  the 
goods  thus  forced  under  the  protection  of  either  of 
the  contracung  parti^-s,  should,  if  landed,  be  reload- 
ed and  cirried  away  without  the  payment  of  the 
customary  duty,  either  on  the  vessel  or  cargo.  No 
.act  was  passed  until  the  case  actually  occurred.— 
Sometime  during  or  before  the  year  1804,  the  Span- 
i.di  bng-ntine  Nancy  came  into  Norfolk  in  distress. 
In  order  to  give  to  her  owners  the  benefit  of  the  trea- 
ty stipulation,  it  wis  deemed  necessary  to  piss  an 
act  remitting  the  duties  in  that  particular  instance, 
and  providing  that  they  should  not  be  payable  in 
similar  instances  in  future.  The  treaty  with  France 
in  18U1,  had  been  alluded  to  by  the  gentleman  from 
N.  C.  (Mr.  Gaston.)  By  referring  to  the  appropria- 
tion act,  passed  in  consequence  of  the  ratification  of 
that  treaty,  it  will  be  found  to  contain  a  declaration 
of  the  obligation  to  return  vessels  captured  during 
the  war,  according  to  the  conditions  of  the  conven- 
tion. ^  Mr.  F.  presumed  that  this  was  supposed  a 
sufficient  authority  for  the  delivery  of  the  Berceau 
by  the  president,  in  performance  of  the  conditions  of 
the  treaty.  The  statute  book  was  full  of  examples, 
but  none  were  more  decisive  than  those  founded  up- 
on the  cession  of  I.ouisiana  to  the  United  States  by 
France  in  18J3.  Altliough  France  ceded  it  to  the 
United  States,  congress  thought  it  necessary  to  pass 
an  act  authorizing  the  president  to  take  possession 
of  it,  and  to  use  the  military  force,  if  necessary,  for 
that  purjjose.  Although  it  was  recognized  as  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States,  and  of  course  governed  by 
their  laws,  so  far  as  they  were  applicable  to  its  si- 
tuation, at  that  time  it  was  deemed  most  expedient 
to  pass  an  act  to  lay  and  collect  duties  on  imports 
and  tonnage  within  the  said  territory.  In  this  act, 
provision  was  m^-de  to  secure  to  French  and  Spanish 
ships  the  commercial  advantages  which  were  pro- 
mised as  one  of  the  conditions  of  the  cession.  But 
this  was  not  all:  in  the) ear  1800,  an  act  was  p.ssed, 
allowing  drawback  of  duties  on  goods  exported  from 
the  United  States  to  N'-w  Orleans,  being  a  foreign 
port.  Although  the  reason  of  this  act  had  ceased, 
and  it  might  h*ve  been  considered  repe.'iled  by  the 
transfer  of  this  port  to  the  United  States,  it  was 
supposed  necessary  to  repeal  the  act  by  an  act  of 
congress,  passed  in  1803 

Louisiana,  too,  was  admitted  into  the  union,  not 
by  treaty  stipulation,  but  by  an  act  of  congress,  in 
performance  of  the  obligation  imposed  by  it. 

Mr.  F.  said  that  no  difference  was  made  by  the 
constitution  between  treaties  with  foreign  powers, 
and  treaties  made  wi'h  the  Indians  within  the  terri- 
torial limits  of  the  United  States.  The  rule  had 
been  extended  to  them.  Without  enumerating  the 
particular  cases,  he  could  refer  to  an  arrangement 
which  iiad  been  made  with  all  the  Indian  tribes 
with  whom  we  had  entered  into  compacts— that 
crimes  committed  by  whites  upon  Indian'*,  within 
the  Indian  territory,  should  be  punished  in  the  same 
■  nanner  as  if  the  same  offence  had  been  committed 
upon  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  within  the  ju- 
risdiction of  some  district  of  th?  United  States.— 
This  engagement  had  been  complied  with  so  far  as 
It  could  be  complied  with  by  the  government.  Pro- 
secutions had  been  instituted  -igainst  those  vyho  had 
been  accused  of  such  offences.    Mr.  J"  did  not  re- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILE3'  REGISTER— TREATY'  QUESTION. 


15 


member  of  any  punishments,  but  this  was  not  the 
fault  of  the  government.  These  prosecutions  were, 
however,  commenced,  not  upon  the  treaiy,  but  upon 
the  l^w,  made  in  consequence  of  the  treaty  engage- 
ment. Tliese  remarlts,  .Mr.  F.  trusted,  would  satis- 
fy the  house,  that  tli-e  course  proposed  to  be  pursued 
in  relation  to  the  late  convention  with  Great  Brit m, 
was  perfectly  in  unison  with  the  practice  in  all  for- 
mer Ciises,  and  justified  by  the  rule  upon  which  that 
practice  had  been  founded.  The  only  difference  be- 
tween tlie  present  and  former  cases  was,  that  in  this 
case  llie  convention  stipulates  advantages  to  British 
vessels  which  cannot  be  enjoyed  without  an  altera 
tion  of  the  system  of  revenue,  and  repeal  of  exist- 
ing laws.  Some  gentlemen  had  imagined  that  the 
law  of  the  last  session,  on  the  subject  of  discrimi- 
nating duties,  contained  all  the  necessary  provisions 
to  meet  this  contract  between  the  two  countries. — 
This  was  a  mistaken  opinion.  The  law  of  the  last 
session  repealed  our  discriminating  duties,  on  ton- 
nage, See.  of  foreign  vessels,  and  on  goods  imported 
in  foreign  vessels,  upon  a  condition  which  has  not 
happened,  that  is,  that  an  abolition  of  all  the  discri- 
minating duties,  so  far  as  they  were  injurious  to  the 
commerce  of  the  United  Sutes,  should  have  taken 
place  in  that  foreign  nation  to  which  the  vessel  and 
goods  should  belong.  The  treaty  between  this 
country  and  Great  Britain  stipulates  an  abolition  ot 
discriminating  duties  only  in  the  ports  of  his  Britan- 
nic majesty's  European  dominions.  Mi-.  F.  said,  it 
was  somewhat  extraordinary  that  it  should  be  doubt- 
ed, in  this  country,  whether  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives were  authorized  to  act  upon  r  subject 
which,  in  England,  would  have  required  the  interpo- 
sition of  the  house  of  commons.  He  did  not  intend 
to  dr4W  any  argument  from  the  resemblance  of  the 
two  governments,  but  to  bottom  one  upon  the  differ- 
ence between  them.  It  could  not  be  denied  that  in 
this  govjrnment,  the  executive  power,  including  its 
authority  to  make  treaties,  was  more  limited  than 
in  Great  Britain.  Yet  in  Great  Britain,  this  very 
treaty  will  require  an  act  of  parliament  before  it  can 
be  carried  completely  into  effect — an  act  which  some 
of  us  will  live  long  enough  to  see.  This  was  the  ordi- 
nary course  in  that  country.  A  t  some  of  the  most  re- 
markable periods  in  British  history,  instances  had 
occurred.  A  commerciHl  treaty  was  negociated  be- 
tween France  and  England,  ifter  the  peace  of  Utrecht 
— it  was  not  carried  into  effect,  because  the  house 
of  commons  rejected  tlie  bill  introduced  by  the  min- 
istry to  alter  ilie  commercial  and  revenue  laws  ac- 
cording to  the  conip.ict  between  the  two  nations.  In 
the  year  1786,  a  treaty  of  commerce  between  those 
nations,  was  carried  into  effect  by  an  act  of  parlii 
ment,  framed  according  to  its  stipulations.  Mr.F.s.iid 
that  the  order  in  council  of  the  IT'di  August,  1815, 
which  he  had  taken  occasion  to  read  to  the  house  a 
day  or  two  before,  was  founded  upon  an  act  of  par- 
liament, passed,  as  he  had  understood,  for  the  ex- 
press purpose  of  enabling  the  prince  regent  to  con- 
form the  existing  regulations  of  commerce  to  the 
treaty  which  might  be  m.tde  by  tlie  ministers  of  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain,  and  in  the  discus- 
sion of  the  principles  in  which  they  were  engaged. 
The  order  in  council,  like  the  act  upon  which  it  was 
founded,  was  to  continue  in  force  until  six  weeks 
after  the  next  session  of  parliament.  Within  these 
six  weeks  after  the  meeting  of  parliament,  the 
necessary  provision  will,  no  doubt,  be  made,  by  the 
TOmpetent  authority,  in  the  ordinary  mode 

The  gentleman  from  N.  Cirolina  (Mr.  Gaston)  had 

advanced  a  singular  opinion,  that  by  exercising  the 

power  of  passing  laws  to  give  effect  to  treaties,  you 

diminish  the  responsibility  without  diminishing  the 

<  ptrvver  of  the  president  and,  senate.    .Mr.  F.  could 


not  conceive  how  a  check  upon  the'  exercise  of  any 
authority  could  diminish  the  responsibility  of  the 
person  to  wncm  it  was  granted.  It  w.is  certainly 
true,  when  congress  passed  acts  according  to  tlie 
provisions  of  a  treaty,  they  declared  to  the  people 
it  was  better  to  perform  tlie  stipulations  it  contain- 
ed, than  to  violate  the  faith  of  the  nation,  which  had 
been  pledged  by  the  constitutional  authority.  But; 
if  congress,  from  a  conviction  that  the  rights  of  the 
people  h.id  been  wantonly  siirrendered  or  the  nation- 
al honor  tarnished  by  treaty,  should  refuse  to  pass 
the  laws  necessary  for  its  execution,  the  president 
and  senate  would  feel,  what  they  can  feel  in  no  other 
way,  the  responsibility  under  which  their  power  is 
exercised. 

It  had  been  said,  that  treaties  are  the  law  of  the- 
land.  It  is  so  printed  in  the  margin  of  the  article  of 
the  constitution  to  whicli  the  gentleman  (Mr.  Gas- 
ton) had  referred,  and  it  seemed  to  be  taken  for 
granted,  that  law  and  treaty  were  convertible  terms. 
If  this  idea  is  correct,  the  distiiiction  taken  between 
acts  of  appropriation  to  p.iy  the  expences  of  treaties, 
and  other  legislative  acts  to  carry  them  into  effect, 
is  unnecessary.  The  constitution  says,  that  money 
shall  not  be  drawn  out  of  the  treasury  unless  appro- 
priations are  previously  made  by  law.  But  a  treaty 
being  a  law,  an  appropriation  may  be  made  by  trea- 
ty. But  Mr.  F.  said,  the  object  of  that  part  of  the 
constitution  was,  to  declare  the  supremMcy  of  the 
constitution,  acts  made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and 
treaties  made  or  to  be  made  under  the  authority  of 
the  United  States,  over  the  constitutioris  and  laws  of 
the  states.  The  relative  force  or  effect  of  treaties 
i.nd  laws  was  to  be  collected  from  the  whole  char- 
ter; from  the  nature  and  dependence  of  its  parts — 
from  the  objects  over  which  trerities  and  laws  seve- 
rally operated— and  from  the  intention  of  ihe  peo- 
ple by  whom  the  power  of  making  tlienri  were  grant- 
e  1 — and  for  whose  benefit  they  are  to  be  exercised. 
But,  Mr.  F.  said,  the  examination  of  these  topics 
would  require  him  to  enter  further  into  the  consti- 
tutional question  than  he  wishfdor  intended  to  go. 
For  the  present  he  would  content  himself  with  the 
expression  of  the  general  proposition  upon  the  basis 
of  which  the  bill  had  been  reported.  Whenever  a 
trcity  contains  any  thing  contrary  to  the  constitu- 
tion. It  is  void;  wherever  it  contains  any  thing  con- 
trary to  existing  laws,  the  laws  must  be  repealed  by 
congress  before  the  engagement  can  be  complied 
with — because  the  constitution  can  be  altered  only 
by  the  constitutional  mode  of  amendment,  A  law 
can  be  repealed  only  by  the  autliority  whicii  enacted 
it.  Mr.  F.  said  althougli  tlie  question  res^pecting 
the  propriety  of  the  aniendmen's  made  in  the  com- 
mittee of  the  whole  house,  was  superceded  by  the 
motion  of  indefinite  pasiponeinent,  he  hoped  to  be 
indulged  with  a  few  observations  in  reply  to  some 
suggestions  of  the  gentleman  from  Louisiana  (.Mr. 
Robertson,)  from  Virginia  ^Mr.  Tucker,)  and  fron^ 
North  Carolina,  (Mr.  Giston.)  He  was  not  consci- 
ous of  h.iving  committed  any  impropriety  in  refer* 
ring  to  documents  printed  by  order  of  the  se- 
nate. He  did  not  suppose  information  was  less  va- 
lu.ible  in  one  form  man  in  another.  He  had  not  ta- 
ken his  constructicm  of  the  treaiy  from  the  corres- 
pondence he  h;\d  quoted,  but  from  the  instrumelit 
itself,  and  he  cenila  not  see  the  irrationality  or  irre- 
gularity of  referring  to  such  documents  for  the  con- 
firmation of  an  opinion  previously  formed.  From 
th';  gentleman  from  North  Carolina  (Mr.  Gaston)  he 
certainly  did  not  expect  observations  of  the  charac- 
ter which  had  dropped  from  him,  as  he  had  been 
intoviTied  that  they  agreed  in  opinion,  upon  the  con- 
struction of  that  article  of  the  convention  whicli  had 
been  the  source  of  discussion. 


16 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  R KGI ST '-'R— TREATY  QUESTION. 


Mr.  F.  said  lie  was  not  induced  lo  ofti-r  me  ..- 
meiidmeiits  to  be  com  mi  (tee,  by  a  belief  th.it  suc'i 
a  consriuclioii  w.is  -dv  jn  ij-eous  to  the  Unit!  ,i 
Stales,  !)U  simpiv  bL-cuise  lie  bclievt'd  it  to  h  iv 
been  tiie  iiileinloii  ot  tut!  p.rUob.  It  tlie  calculition  ot 
a'lvuntaijes  was  Lo -,-oveni  'he  ciustructioii,  tlie  a 
nieiituneius  oUj^'ht  not  o  prevail.  It  liad  been  sug- 
gest.-d  Dy  tile  .v,X'nilenien  from  V.rtfinia  and  Ltiui.si- 
ant,  Lii:it  ves^  Is  of  me  Uiiued  S  .ites  bound  vo 
i\- iiice  and  spam,  nugiit  re..ch  tho  poi '.  .)t'  leslina- 
tioii,  and  fiiiaing  i  bad  market  mi. -in  cooose  vo  -^n 
to  Eiij^iand  ni  search  of  i  oelter.  Gentltrnm  ask,:;d 
if  such  vessels  wer-'  o  be  deprived  of  the  benehis 
of  this  tieaiy.  Mi  F.  said  he  \v<s  notable  to  s[)t..k 
witli  pieci^ion  ina  c  i  i.amtj  on  this  .snoJL'Ct,  but  ic 
cordniy  to  his  piesen;  nnpi-sMons,  iie  behevt-U 
that  a  Vessel  under  such  cucnmslances  would  bt 
considered  as  eng^fjed  in  the  Iraae  oe'ween  Fr..uce 
or  Spain  and  (Jivat  Bniain,  ind  not  in  the  tr;.cie 
beiw.\n  the  Uiined  Stales  and  Gi-c-a.  Bi-it.un.  M  . 
F.  apoi.ig-ized  for  ihis  uigressino  fioni  ine  qii  stion, 
and  concluded  t>y  rcservnig  to  hims  it  he  pnvdti^e 
of  eiiienng  more  tiilly  imo  the  exandnation  of  itie 
treaty  making  powei,  if  it  shouKi  be  made  nec;  ^• 
sary  by  die  di-icussion,  wnich  had  ijeeii  so  unprofil 
abiy  and  unn  Cis-^ardy  coinineactd. 

Mv.  /loplciiitijii  s  ud,  tliat  n)t  aiuicip.iting  tliat  this 
bill,  vv'liich  w -s  laid  upon  tlie  tablj  but  yesii;rda\, 
would  so  soon  be  caH'.^a  up  tor  ihscussion,  he  h  m 
not  given  that  reflection  to  it,  which  was  necessa- 
ry tor  all  argument  on  its  principles.  S;ich  thonyliis 
and  suggestions,  however,  as  hid  occurred  to  hiiii 
on  the  moment,  he  would  i)ffer  to  th"  house  with  all 
posiible  brevity;  and  a  sincere  wisl»  that  he  had 
been  able  to  ^ive  more  considerntion  to  lieir  unit, 
ter,  an  i  a  better  sii  <pe  to  their  m  nner.  The  gt- n- 
tlenien  who  press  ttie  passapje  ot  this  bill,  s  ud  In-, 
seem  to  tak^  a  range  of  observ '.tion  far  wid-'rthun 
the  suiiject,  and  tvi  travel  ovi  r  ground  not  n.^c-ssa- 
ry  now  lo  be  explored.  The  subject  itself  otfers 
matter  enough  tor  consideration,  ..nd  ot  snffijicnt 
importance  too' to  deserve  th.-  undiviiied  aitention 
of  the  liouse.  Tiieir  intjenuity  h  is  been  exerted, 
an]  their  imagination  put  iiuo  ac  ion,  to  cieate  and 
combine  cases  of  supposed  tre.iiies,  which  would 
require  the  aid  of  the  iiouse  to  carry  them  imo  et- 
teci,  and  which  must  be  submitted  to  its  power  and 
control-  'I'hat  cases  may  occur,  and  *urely  thi'  c  .- 
bes  ra.iy  be  im  igined,  in  winch  lus  house  might  find 
itself  excedingly  embarrassed  by  a  treaty  maae  by 
the  president  and  senate,  cannot  be  denied;  bui  is 
tiie  case  now  before  us  of  that  descripiion.''  Dot-s 
:\ny  body  feel  tlie  least  iilnct  nice  to  have  the  con- 
vention j^oiiiioopcraiion.i'  DiJts  any  body  say  its  pro 
visions  are  of  a  kiiid  to  ivciuire  any  aid  from  us  lO 
carry  tlicm  into  '.Necution,  is  where  n.oney  is  re- 
quired, or  some  collateral  assistuice,  before  the 
treaty  can  be  consummate'i  by  perfoim  iici  ?  \Vii\ 
then  shall  we  fret  and  emb.a-rasH  ourselvrs  with 
possible  cases  of  uifficnlty,  when  we  are  c.iUeii  op 
on  only  to  d  -cide  one,  m  wiuch  there  is  no  o;fficul  \  ? 
The  Cases  put  are  all  of  ..n  extrenie  kiiKi;  f.oni 
which  it  is  sel  iom  safe  to  draw  an  argument.  VV  n  n, 
however,  they  shall  occur,  they  will  be  met  by  tht 
house  with  proper  fi.mness  and  discretion;  on  a  full 
view  of  all  its  rights  and  uities  asregulaiod  by  ihe 
constitution;  conscientiously  performing  tlu-laliir, 
and  assuming  no  moie  ot  ine  fi)rnit  r  tiiuii  it  is  en  i- 
tledto.  But  let  us  le  ve  tliose  cjses  uniil  they  df) 
occur — 'sufficient  unto  the  day  is  the  evil  thereof " 

Tlie  question  now  before  tiie  house  is,  "shall  this 
bill  be  indefinitely  postponed;"  and   I    would   pre- 
sume  that  if  it  can  be  shown  diat  it  is  utterly  unne 
cessary  and  useless;  that  it  can  produce  no  s  n-;bit 
effect;  that,  when  p;issvd,  ii  will  leave  its  subject 


m  .tt-r  precisely  as  it    found  it,  there  is  rep.son  ev, 
Mungli   shewn   why    it  siioiiht  not  be   passed.     It  is 
sur  ly  unbecoming- the   wisdom  and  dignity  ot  this 
body  to  be   grivily  enacting  nugot;ry  I  ws;  or,  as 
some   of  the  genileiTien    have  termed  {h\s,  harm'esf 
Lws.     The  euactrnt-nt  of  a  law  can  n-ver  be  with- 
out consequences;  for  if  the  iaw    itself  means  noih- 
in^  and  noes    not.nng  as    a  l-iw,  it  must  injure  the 
reput  dion  of  the  ho.iy  en.  c  ing  it.     Tiiis  brings  me 
ilien  directly  to  tiit- quesUon,  uo  the  gentlemen  who 
.nsibt   .pon  'his  bill  jelieve  hat  it  is,  in  any  manner,' 
!ecess..ry  to  the  v,  lidiiy  of  the  cohvenlion  lowluclv 
1    refer.-,?  Dues  that  c  ivcntion  reqniiv  such  a  law  to 
g.ve  it    force  andfff  ci.""  Are  we  .o  pui  the  finislung 
h.iidtoii,  without  which  it  is  adeau  letter?  I    ut-ks 
no  ap;.ropriHtion  of  m'.iiev;  it  r  qnii-es  no  colUleral 
or  ex;nnsic  ;ict  to  be  li.'iK-,   to  eiiabh    it  lo  live,  and 
move,  and  execute  i  s  Tnrctions.     If  it  be  the  su- 
preme fiwof  the  Liid,   It  noes  of  itself  all  that    ia 
nect-ssMiy  for   its  fnd   consun.m:!' .on;  md    if  it   he 
not  ih.-  1..W  of  the  l..n(i,  what  is   it?!   d  he  «?/]/ thing 
1'  \i,  every  ilnng.     This  trea'y  h.is  been  m  de,  rati* 
tied  una  exchanged  by  die  president  and  .senate,  in' 
ihe  manner  lurected  oy  the  constitution.     Are  gen- 
tlemen wdlmg  to  say,  that,  notwiihsi   nding  this,  it 
still  1.  qu.r.s  our  concurrence  or  confi- m  dion    to 
..,ive  d    lite  ana  validly?  Is   it  no  hiiiger  a  treaty  if 
we  shall  .efuse  our  concurrence?  For  it  is  mandest 
th  it  It  ourrctusii   will  not  destroy   it,  our  concur- 
rence cannot  help  it.     it  IS  one  indivisible  act,  and" 
Its  (:ons>  qnences  are  "qii   lly  indivisible      I  have  aa 
insuperable  o.ij.  clion  tn  foliowmg  gentlemen  in  ihef 
ais-.ussion  of  |)oini,«!  no;  necessary  to  the  full  ui  der- 
stasdingana    fair  d<-Cision  of  the   m  itler  before  us; 
and  which  necessarily    lead  us  into  heated  coniro- 
vers'ies  .md  angry  questions.     When  the  aid  of  this 
house,  by  money  o.  otherwise,   is  calle.i  for,  in  order 
locirry  into  execution  the  provisions,  or  some  of 
t.icm,  which  this  house  shall  thiiik   injurious  to  tlib 
important   interests  of  the  country;  ,nd  it   shall  be' 
pui  to  us  to  say,  whether  we  will  grant  the  required 
assistance,  or  meet  the  consequences    of  a  refus.d, 
tne  iiouse  will  doubtless  take   its  course   with   tiiat 
sound  discretion    and   deliberate  juugment    wh  ch 
the  high,  the  awful  responsibility  ot   die  ac  will  de- 
mand.    They  will  .  nueavor   to  reconcile  theii   con- 
stitutional obligations  with  the  s<ifeiy  and  interests 
of  the  state.     A  case    of  ihis  ;ipp  lling  siiape   and 
m.ignitude  may   be    trusted,  ami  must  be    trusted 
uitiithe    Consciences   ot     hose  who    may  be  called 
upon  to  decide  It.     H  d^pily  such  is  not  the  case  we 
•re  now  acting  upon;  I,  therefore,  confidently  bring 
b  ck  'he  question  to  the  gentlemen    and  wait  theif 
answer,  how  and    in  whdt  manner  and  deg-rei    this 
coiuention  is  to  be  effected  by  the  adoption  or  rejec* 
tion  of  this  bill?  V\  n.a  mflutnce  will  it  InvVe   upon 
toe  validity  of   i  contract,  thus  made  and  concluded, 
ratified  and  exch^ingel?  That  the  subject  mdlerof 
the  tieity  is  within  the  treaty   making  power,  can 
scarcely  be  denied.     Nothing  is  ;ifT^  cted  by   i  ,  but 
iiic  rate  ofthiiies  to   be  pud  by    the  respective  par- 
ies, in  their  respective  ports;  as  fair  .mil  usual  a 
subject  of  nation  d  coninc.s,  op  treaties,  as  can  be 
•  m.igmed.     If  the   president   and  senate  have    not 
pouei  to  make  tre  dies  of  this  kind,   -heir  power  is 
;  mockery — a  name  wi'hout  a  substance;  an  aulho- 
rilv    With  nothing   upiui  which   it  c^n  ever  act  or  he 
exercised,     h  is  conieiided  t)v  the  geinleman  from 
Georgia,  th.it  a  treaty   wluch  ufl'ects  existing  laws 
upon  a  subject  within    the  pecnlj'^r  power  of  con- 
,irss,  Cannot  be  carried  into  operation  without  the 
concurent   act     of  this  house;   ynd  therefore,  that 
Masmuch  as  the  imposing  oi    renaovliig  of  duties  is 
,  veil    by  ilie   constitution  expre.ssly   to  congiess,  a 
treaty  cannot  change  a  law  regulating  dulieSi  with- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  KILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUESTlON.         l7 


out  the  nid  or  concurrpnce  of  cnn.r^nss  in  its  ortli-i 
nary    rn  )de  of  I'lg-isl  i;i  on.     ISnt  iiis  proposiiion    is 
doiib'.les-!    mac!)  Uio  'onynl,  and  mou  (general   pro- 
positions   :tre.     Wlirit   is    more    clsarly,  deciciedly, 
nnd  exclusively  in  the  power  of  congress,  than  the 
rij^ht    of  (iecLrin*^  war?    Tiiis    must  be  done  by  a 
law  of  corigress — ;ind  chh  be  done   in  no  other  w;iy. 
Yet  this  law  of  oon^n-ess   mnde  on  a   stibji'ct    thus 
witliin  its  exclusive  power,  may  be  repealed  and  his 
been  i-epe.ded  by  atre.dy  of  [)eiice  m.tde  by  the  pre- 
sident and  senate,  in  tlie  manner  prescribed  by  tlie 
constitution,  v.-iihout  any  reference  to  the  will    or 
pleasure  of  this  lioiise,  any  dependence  on  its   au- 
tliorit}',  or  anv  co.icurren'ic  of  its  l.iws.     Tne  trea- 
ty   is  duly  made  nnJ  ratified— p-ace    follows;   the 
war  is  termniate  1 — die  act   of  congress  decl.tinig 
\v»r,  md  all  other  acts   in  relation  to    it    rep-'aled, 
Without    the  least   interference  of  this  house  or  its 
opinion  upon  the  subject  beinj,^  even  asked  or  attend- 1 
ed  to.     A  treaty  must  be  eonsinereiJ,    is  it  really  is, 
a  compact  or   bar^^ain  b^jtween   the  parties,  winch,  j 
once  made  and  concluded  m  the  manner  both  ii;ive ! 
agreed  to  be  binduij,'-,  is  no  longer  in  the  power  of 
either.     I",  therefore,  this  convention   has  received 
its  ratification  in    the  miin'ier  :tnd    by  the   »nthoriiy 
prescribed  bv  our  constitution   or  form  of  gKvern- 
jnent,  it  is  at  this  moment   a  v  did  and  bindi'-g  bar- 
gain between  the  iwo  nations,  and  no  longer  rigiit- 
ftdly  in  the  power  of  either,     li    his  convt^ii  ion  iias 
Tiot  been  so  ratifi.'d,  tiiat  is,  if  it  has  not  been  done 
in  the  proper  manner  and  by  the  proper  :iii'hority,  it 
is  neither  a  treaty  nor  a  conimct,  nor  any  thing  else 
•—and  yet    we  find  'he  piesiuent  has  rxch.iiiged    it 
with  the  other  power,  as  a  thing  done   ;nd   r.itified 
in  due  form  and  wi'li  competent  authority;  and  we 
find    he  has  proclaimed  it   to  the    American  people 
and  to  the  worlJ,  -as  a  treaty  mide  md  ratifi.  u,  and 
as  tiie  law  of  the  land  to  be  iiereaftei    obseived  and 
obeyed.     Has   the    president  been  premature  in  alii 
this,  and  exceeded  the  constitutional   limits   of  hisj 
authority.''  L*:t  it  be  remembered,  (ao,  that  the  pub-j 
lie  promulgation  of  this  convention  as  a  thing  done! 
and  coiicludcd,  as  a  birgain  m.ide   and  riiified,  as 
the   conslilutional   liw  of  the   land,  w.<s    the   fi.sr 
knowledge  or  intimation  of  its  n  aure  or  contents 
received  by  this  hou.se.     It  came  to  us  in  the  same 
manner  and  at  the  s<me  time  it  came  to  every  other 
citizen  of  the  United  States.     L  was  communicated  j 
to  tlie  senate,  toi^ether  wiih  all  the  corresponaeiicej 
and  docuinenls  relating  lo  it,  in  secret;   it  was  exa-j 
mined,    liscussed  and  decided  upon  by  the  senate  in  | 
secref;  tiie  d.oors   ottii"  cham:)er  were  closed  upon; 
as;  we  might  have  knocked,  but  should  have  had  noj 
admittance.     Does  this   look  like  an    act  requiring; 
our  coiifii-mation  or  ai  i,  or  on  what  we  are  to  be  re- 
quired   to  piss   any  judgment.?  dll  first  upon  tne 
president  to  furnish   you    witli  i]\a  necessary   infor- 
mation; demand  of  iiim  to  send  you  the  corrcspon- 
dencu  between  tiie  ministers  on  tins  subject  wliicli 
we  are  now  to  piss  our   vole  upon.     All  I'iiis  lie  did 
for  the  senate;  and  if  he   his  overlooked  us,  let  us 
remind  him  of  it  before  we  proceetl  any  funlier. 

But  can  a  treaty  :inniil  an  act  of  congress.''  Can  it 
lepeal  a  1  tw.'  WliyiKjt.i'  If  a  ti-eaty  be,  as  the  con- 
stitution expressly  declares,  a  law  of  the  land,  and 
a_supr;iTie  iiw,  is  i.he'-e  any  thing  Strang- or  incon- 
sistent in  its  repealing  another  and  a  prior  law. — 
Bul  the  prior  law,  say  tne  geiv!  -men,  was  passed 
and  enacied  by  the  ihree  branches  of  llie  govern- 
ment; and  tills  treaty  has  been  m  ide  but  by'^two.— 
And  what  of  this.'  if  the  same  authority,  the  same 
constitution,  which  gives  the  three  br.niches  power 
to  make  a  law  in  gener.d  cases,  gives  the  two  br.incli 
»8  a  power  to  make  it  in  this  c.ise.  If  the  cons. i- 
Uition  d'-ci:ires  it  to  b-  -he  liw,  it  mtul  have  all  the 
SV?PLl!.MK:<«TTO  VOL.  IX.  C 


ciFectof  a  l.w,  by  whomsoever  made.  Tn  the  na- 
ture of  tiiini.,s  there  C'lniot  exist  at  the  same  time, 
uivier  tiie  same  auihonl}-,  two  contradictory,  incon- 
sistent laws  or  rules  of  action.  One  or  other  must 
give  w.Tv;  both  cannot  be  obeyetl;  and  if,  in  this 
case,  the  'I'eaty  h-is  no  constitutional  siipiemac}  over 
an  ordinary  act  of  legislation,  it  at  best  has  the  ad* 
mitted  adv.<ntage  of  being  e.trlier  in  point  of  time, 
of  being  the  1  ist  constitutional  expression  of  the 
will  of  the  nation  on  this  subject.  It  is  worthy  of 
remark,  that  the  general  powers  of  legislation  is 
giveii  to  cfingi-ess  iii  one  part  of  the  con>titution;  ihe 
special  p  iwer  of  m..king  treatit-s,  to  the  president 
and  senate  in  another  p.irt;  and  then,  the  acts  of 
both,  if  done  constitutionally,  are  dec!  'red,  in  the 
same  sentence  in  another  part  or  the  coiistitiuion, 
to  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  and  placed  pre- 
cisch  upon  the  s«me  footing  of  authority.  I  con- 
cludf-  tliese  iiasM  undigested  rem.nks,  with  repeat- 
ing, liiat  if  gen  1  -men  believe,  oid  1  have  not  heard 
ii  tienied,  tint  l!ie  convention  will  go  into  operaiion, 
and  is  inieea  now  in  oper-ition,  withou'  the  aid  of 
the  law  proposed,  It  is  a  sufficient  reason  why  the 
law  should  not  be  passed. 

The  motion  ;o  postpone  the  bill  having  been  ne- 
gatived— 

Ml-  G.'.s/'ow  remarkerl,  that  perceiving  the  general 
Wish  to  come  to  a  conclusion  on  'his  bill,  1  e  it.d  ah- 
.s1  dned  from  answering  many  remarks  which  had 
been  m.'de  in  oppo-iitioii  to  his  mot.(>n  for  indefinite 
postpoiienr  nt.  Hut  as  the  controversy  w.ss  revived 
on  die  question  for  cng;'os>ing  the  bill,  he  would 
av'il  himself  of  the  onpoitnnity  to  rescue  hi.s  opi- 
.donx  from  miscfincjption,  ^nd  defend  hem  gainst 
the  mos'  important  of  the  arguments  b_v  ^vhjcli  tiiey 
ii  id  been  assailed.  In  .iscribing  to  the  conveirion  the 
power  of  rep  all ng  so  m.iich  ol  the  ^ct'■  wf  congiess, 
on  'he  subjc-c  of  discrimin  itmg  tuties,  as  was  op* 
posed  to  Its  provisions,  he  was  supposed  by  gentle- 
men to  contend  for  a  siipn'm  cj^  ot  the  power  to  m.ke 
treaties  over  the  power  to  enact  laws.  Some  seem 
ev  n  to  have  im ..gined,  that  lif-  ex  dted  this  power 
()•  frtming  treaties  over  the  con'=titution  ils-H.  His 
opinions  were  founded  on  no  sii-.h  erroneous  princi- 
ple. He  regarded  ;cts  of  congress  foimrai  on  sub- 
jects within  the  jurisdiction  of  congress,  ;.nd  trea- 
ties formed  on  subjects  properfor  treaties,  as  biing 

qu.d!\'  liws  oi  the  nation,  i<nd  he  cf;imed  for  nei- 
ther a  snp.'riorii_\  over  the  other.  The  constitution 
vests  all  he  1-gishaive  poweis,  which  i'  grants,  ia 
one  orgtm  of  the  natiotiid  will,  the  congr.;  ss  of  ihe 
United  States.  I'  vests  the  whole  of  the  power  of 
m.-.kiiig  treaties  in  another  organ  of  the  naional  will, 
the  president,  acting  with  'he  concuircnce  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  senate  of  the  Uni'ed  St.ite.s.  It  defiocs 
what  are  the  If-gisiative  powers  grimed,  becr.usft 
cli  a  definition   was  necesst.ry   to  distnigtiish  be- 

\'.  f  en  those  delegated  to  the  general  goveriinieiu  and 
such  as  were  retained  by  the  states.  It  does  not  limit 
the  power  of  making  tre-.ties,  because  no  p:iit  of 
tins  power  was  to  be  retained  by  the  states,  'i'iic  en- 
tire power,  therefore,  on  the  subject  of  treaties, 
wbici)  sovereign  states,  according  to  the  usages  and 
laws  of  nations,  may  exercise,  unless  whei-e  it  is 
•esiricted  by  specific  prohibitions  in  the  constitution, 
is  vested  under  this  general  grant  in  the  piop.-r  depo- 
sitory.    The  constiluti'in  tlien  imparts  to  proper  acts 

)f  thel  gislative  authority,  and  also  of  ihe  'reatv- 
m  iking  power.the  chiracter  rmd  attributes  of  "I  .ws," 

'hat  is,  of  rules  of  action  prescribed  by  the  sove- 
i-eign  power.     'I'hcv  both  derive  their  efficacy  'roin 

)eing  constitutional  expressions  of  the  will  of  the 

i.i'ion;   and  wiiere  tliere  are  two  expressions  of  tiiat 

vvill,  which  c.'.nnot  si  tnd  together,  the  last  neces- 
sarially  a.brogates  the  tii'st.  A  law  may  repeal  a  Vr<fS? 


L 


18 


SUPPLEMEJsT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUESTION. 


fy.  Tills  was  done  in  the  case  of  the  treaty  of 
1778,  with  Frmce,  distinctly  repealed  by  an  act 
of  congress.  And  a  treaty  for  the  same  reason  may 
also  rcp.ful  a  precedent  act  of  congress,  as  must  be 
admitted  to  be  the  c  'seof  the  treaties  of  peace  with 
Great  Hntain  p.nd  the  regency  of  Algiers,  repealing 
the  acts  .kcl  ;ri'ig  waragunst  those  nations. 

Tl>e  id.:-  that,  because  the  legislative  power  grant- 
ed  to  c.  ngress  is  restricted  to  ceriain  suDJects, 
therefore  tne  power  to  make  treaties  cannot  operate 
pn  these  subjects  witliout  legislative  aid,  seemed  lo 
him  n^•ither  wound  logic,  nor  a  construction  permit- 
ting the  treaty  power  to  have  any  useful  effect.  Nei- 
th;;r  atrea*v  of  peace,  of  alliance,  or  of  commerce, 
cm  well  be  made  witiiout  afFecting  some  of  these 
subjects.  Tlie  first  usunlly  contains  stipulations  in 
reg.o'd  to  captures  m  ide  or  to  be  m.ide,  and  indem- 
iiities  for  wrongs  suH^red.  Tlie  last  must  apply  di- 
rectly to  the  riglil  of  regulating  commerce  with  fo- 
reign nations;  .Jul  treaties  of  iiHiance  specify  the 
aids  of  men  and  money  to  be  afforded  in  tiie  cases 
prescribed.  The  power,  therefore,  to  malice  treaties, 
which  the  constitution  confides  exciusLvelij  to  the 
president,  concurring  with  two-thirds  of  the  senate, 
is  essenti  dly  annulled  by  a  construction  that  requires 
11  legislative  assent,  wlienevcr  tliesc  treaties  operate 
upon  sui>iects  which  are  the  usual  well  known  and 
le.«ai-nale  subjects  of  treaty.  For  certainly  the  dis- 
cretion u-y  power  of  assenting  to,  or  dissenting  from 
any  instrument,  and  thereby  giving  or  refusing  it  ef 
ficacy,  is  essentiiUy  the  power  lo  m.ike  it.  And  if 
this  construction  obtain,  treaties  m.iy  be  said  to  be 
prepared  by  the  president  and  senate,  but  they  can 
be  m:ide  only  by  congress. 

Mr.  G.  di.l  not  conceive  that  the  opinions  he  h..d 
expressed  were  liable,  when  properly  understood, 
to  the  criticism  which  hid  been  made  by  the  gentle- 
man from  Virgini.i,  (Mr.  Barbour;)  they  did  not  in- 
volve the  inconsistency  of  permitting  an  act  of  the 
entire  legislature  to  be  repealed  by  the  will  of  a  part 
only  of  that  legislature.  The  nation,  either  in  the 
enaction  of  laws  or  in  the  making  of  treaties  is  al- 
ways the  agent.  It  is  the  will  of  the  nation  which 
operates  m  both  instances— though  the  expression  of 
this  will  is  made  through  distinct  organs,  to  which 
the  funolions  are  respectively  confided.  P-'rIi  ps,  too, 
it  will  be  found  that  there  are  us  salutary  checks  pro- 
vided against  an  erroneous  expression  of  this  will,  in 
the  one  case,  as  in  the  other.  To  acts  of  legislation, 
the  conctirrence  of  the  president  is  not  indispensa- 
ble. Two-thirds  of  the  senate  and  house  of  repre- 
sentatives can  make  laws  without  his  aid.  In  the 
formation  of  treaties  he  must  act,  and  his  act  must 
have  the  sanction  of  two-thirds  of  the  senate.  The 
power  of  making  treaties  and  th:^!  of  making  laws, 
and  the  depositories  of  these  powers  should  be  con- 
sidered as  perfectly  distinct  from  each  other,  as  if 
the  individuals  who  acted  in  the  one  case  never  had 
an  agency  in  the  other. 

It'did  not  fidlow,  however,  from  his  doctrine,  in 
regard  to  the  efficacy  of  treaties,  that  tiiey  necessa- 
rily changed  or  repealed  Igiilativeacts,  with  which 
they  did  not  entirely  accord.  The  stipulations  of  a 
treaty  might  amount,  and  often  did  amount,  to  no 
more  than  a  pledge  to  alter  or  abrogate  tliese  acts,  or 
to  make  legislative  regulations  conformable  to  such 
Btipulations.  Where  the  treaty  was  of  this  nature — 
that  is  to  say,  executory  merely,  legislative  aid  was 
necessary.  But  where  it  coukl  execute  itself,  there 
it  needed  no  aid.  What  was  the  nature  of  the  obli- 
gation to  carry  a  treaty  of  the  former  kind  into  effect, 
it  was  not  necessary  now  to  examine.  When,  how- 
ever, he  stated  on  a  former  occasion,  that  he  viewed 
this  obligation  as  morally  binding  on  this  house  as  a 


br.mch  of  the  legislative  authority,  he  did  not  think 
that  he  uttered  a  sentiment  which,  in  the  l.ingiiage 
of  the  gentleman  from  Massachusetts  (Mr  Km;;,) 
degraded  the  house  of  representatives  into  a  mere 
ch.mber  for  registering  the  edicts  of  the  president 
and  senate,  lie  viewe:!  it  as  a  fundamental  principle 
of  our  government,  that  every  man  and  every  body 
of  men  in  it,  owed  obedience  to  the  laws  of  the  land. 
The  house  of  representatives  cannot  claim  an  exemp- 
tion  h-om  this  duty?  Tuey  may  aid  in  repealing  laws 
—but  so  long  as  the  laws  exist,  whether  they  have 
derived  their  origin  from  a  legislative  or  a  treaty  de- 
cliration  of  the  will  of  the  sovereign  power,  the 
house  of  represeatatives,  the  senate,  the  president, 
is  bound  by  them.  Tlie  obligation  to  ..ppropriate 
for  treaties,  w  's  just  as  binding  as  the  obligation  to 
appropriate  for  the  objects  of  existing  laws.  If  the 
gentleman  considered  this  moral  restraint  as  uo' 
friendly  eitiier  to  personal  libert)',  or  to  the  political 
freedom  of  this  body,  he  (Mr  G  )  neither  wished  for 
himself,  or  those  who  were  dear  to  him,  a  liberty  su- 
perior to  law. 

In  regard  to  the  practice  of  the  government  on  si- 
milar occasions,  ihe  gentleman  from  Georgia  (Mr. 
Forsyth)  had  cited  instances  which  he  was'not  then 
prepared  to  examine.  Such  an  examination  rcqui.-ed 
a  deliberate  review  of  the  treatiet  and  acts  referred 
to,  which  demanded  time  and  books  that  could  not 
now  be  commanded.  It  was  possible  that  some  of  the 
cxses  did  prove  an  unnecess  ry  legislation  on  sub- 
jects which  treaties  had  adequately  provided  for. 
Hut  what  was  the  answer  to  the  two  prominent  and 
marked  Cises  which  Mr.  G.  had  before  noticed,  viz: 
the  British  treaty  of  1795,  and  the  convention  with 
the  French  republic.  In  the  first  there  were  stipula- 
tions abolishing  discriminating  duties  on  importa- 
tions from  Canada,  yet  no  act  of  congress  was  parsed 
to  give  efficacy  to  these  stipul  tions— the  treaty  made 
tiiem  law.  In  the  French  convention  there  was  a 
provision  for  a  mutual  restriction  of  captures.  Con- 
gress, it  is  said  by  tiie  gentleman  from  Georgia,  did 
piss  an  act  in  regard  to  this  provision.  Tliey  indeed 
aid,  and  this  act  was  the  strongest  illustration  of 
their  entire  concurrence  in  the  opinions  he  had  ex- 
pressed. This  act  m  ikes  an  appropriation  of  mo- 
ney to  authorise  payment  for  such  of  the  property  as 
jould  not  be  restored  in  kind— but  it  pretended  not 
to  command  such  restoration  where  it  was  practica- 
ble. If  the  construction  of  the  gentleman  had  pre- 
vailed, the  last  was  necessary.  But  neither  the  con- 
gress gave  such  direction,  nor  did  the  president  wait 
for  it.  He  restored  the  Berceuu.  According  to  the 
exposition  which  (Mi.  G  )  hid  adopted,  the  appro- 
priation of  money  was  necessary,  because  the  coiisti- 
tuuoi)  prohibits  the  payment  of  money,  without  an 
appropriati.'n. 

Mr.  G.  forbore  from  going  further  into  the  discus- 
sion, from  a  conviction  that  the  house  was  anxious 
for  tlie  question. 

Mr.  'J'hronp  ssiid,  that  he  did  not  rise  for  the  pur- 
pose of  entering  into  a  detailed  argument  on  the 
question  submitted  lo  the  house,  but  merely  to 
slate  the  reusons  for  the  vote  he  should  give;  this  lie 
deemed  due  to  his  friends  in  this  house,  because 
he  found  himself  opposed  to  the  opinions  of  a  ma- 
jority of  them.  He  should  vote  against  the  bill  be- 
cause he  thotight  it  unnecessary  to  pass  such  a  law. 
The  act  in  question  did  nothing  more  than  put  into 
tlie  form  of  a  law  the  several  provisions  of  the 
treaty,  regulating  the  commerce  between  the  two 
countries,  which  were  of  themselves  the  supreme 
1..W  of  the  land.  These  provisions  did  not  require 
a  construction,  nor  any  aid  by  law  to  carry  them 
into  execution.    If  the  object  was  merely  to  inslruc't 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  RFGISTPR— TREATY  QUESTION. 


19 


tlie  revenue  officers,  lie  would  prefer  its  being  done 
by  tlie  president,  or  secretary  of  the  treasury,  wliose 
duty  he  conceived  it  to  be,  and  whose  competency 
could  not  be  doubted.     He  did  not  know  thit  tlie 
piissageof  this  law,  following  the  provisions  of  the 
treaty,  would   do  sny  great  mischief,  but    he  was 
opposed  to  the  principles  on  which  it  was  attempted 
to   be  supported,     nd  fe:)red  that  it  would  at  some 
future   period  tbrm  a  dangerous   piece  ent.     Tiie 
treat} -making  power  was  lodged  by  the  constitution 
in  the  president  and  senite,  and  their  act   became 
obligatory  on  llie  nation,  without  the  interference  of 
this  house,  by  tiiat  section  of  the  constitution,  vvhicli 
declares  that,  "iliis  constitution  and  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  wliich  shall  be  made  in  pursuance 
thereof,   and  .A\   treaties    made,  op  which  sh  dl   be 
made,  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  the  supreme  law  of  the   land."     An   argument 
has  been  aitempted  to  be  drawn  fiom  ihe  fact  that 
the  con>titution,   laws  and    treuies  are  classed  to- 
gi-ihcr  in  tlie  same  sentence,  and  are  all  declared  to 
be  die  law  of  the  land.  He  said  he  did  not  know  that 
he  understood    what  the  conclusion  was,  but  if   it 
Was  as  he  apprehended  it  to  be,  that  being  all  class 
ed  together,  and  in  one  sentence  declared  to  be  the 
supreme  law,  that  then  a  treaty  was  of  no  greater 
force  tiian  a  law,  he  did  conceive  that  the  same  ar- 
gument would  prove  th.it  the  contiitntion  was  not 
paramount  to  a  law,  and   if  that  construction   pre- 
vaUed,  congress  might  by   Ihw  repeil  the  constitu- 
tion.    But  grant   that  the  tr'^aty  had  no  greater  efii 
cacy  than  a  law,  and  could  repeal  and  be  repealed 
by    a  l.<w,  then  the  act  under  consideration  was  un- 
necessary, as   the    treaty  being  subsequent    to   the 
law  creating   discriminating  duties,  repealed    that 
law:  and  when  a  n-w  tariff  of  duties  was  created  it 
might  be  made  to  conform  to  the  treaty.     But  it  is 
said  the  treaty  is  a  compact;  hence  it    s  no  law  to 
be  observed  by  the  P'Ople,  but  only  a  direction  to 
congress  to  p  .ss    a  law.     He  said,  because  it   is  a 
comp.ict  it  is  superior  to   tlie  law.     An    individual 
may  prescribe    to  himself  a    rule  of  conduct,    by 
winch  he  will  be  governed,  but  he  may  depart  from 
th  <i  rule  whenever  he  please'?;  it  is  a  law  to  himst^K, 
and  the  power  which   enacts  may  repeal.    But  if 
he   stipulates  with  another  a  rule  of  conduct  to  be 
observed  by  himself,  it  is  a  compact,  and  he  cannot 
depirt  from  it  witlioui  a   violation  of  his  plighted 
faith,  and  the  rights  of  that  other.     Tins  is  the  dis- 
tinction between  a  treaty  and  a  law;  and  which  ren- 
ders   a    treaty  par.imount  to  the  law;  the  law  pre- 
scribes a  rule  of  conduct  to  the  citizens  of  the  state, 
by  which  they  are  to  be  governed,  and  may  be  re- 
pealed at  any  time;  but  a  tre.ity  is  a  conipict  be- 
tweeen  two  sovereign  states,  which  cannot   be  de- 
parted from  by  one   without   violating   the  faith  of 
that  state,  and  the  rights  of  the  other.     He    said, 
that  an  answer   to  the  argument  that   the  treaty  is 
only  a  direction  to  congress  to  pass  a  law,  was   to 
be  found  in  the  concluding  part  of  the  same  section 
ot  the  constitution,   which,  af.er  stating  that  trea- 
ties, &c.  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  Ian  1,  adds, 
"and  the  judges  in  each  state  shall  be  bound  there- 
by."    Here  was  a  direction  not  to  congress  but  to 
the  courts  of  1  iw,  to  construe  and  enforce  the  trea- 
ty, which  they  wftvi  boun.l  to  do  without  reference 
to  any  construction  which  might  be  put  upon  it  by 
an  act  of  this  body.    He  trusted  he  should  not  be  told 
that  this  direction  was  to  the  judges  of  the  state 
courts,  and  not  to  the  judiciary  of  the  United  Stales, 
aijd  that  a  treaty   might  be  enforced   iu  the  state 
courts,  but  would  require  a  law  to  enforce  it  in  the 
courts  of  the  United  States.     For  according  to  that 
ct)nstrttction  it  might  produce  tjiis  absurdity,  t!jai 


the  treaty  would  operate  upon  the  states  individu- 
ally, and  congress  might  refuse  to  pass  a  law,  v.  here- 
by  it    could  not  be  treated  as  a  law  by  the  United 
States'  courts.    He  s:.id,  that  he  could  not  sanction 
ihe  idea  that  this  house  had  any  control   over  the 
treaty. mak.ng  power,  to  ratify  or  annul   their  acts 
unless  it  was  in  cases  where  the   treaty    could  not 
execute  itself,  but  required  for  th  t  purpose  prmi. 
sion  to  be  made  by  law,  such  as  raising  moiie}  ,  &.c. 
Some  gentlemen  seem  alarmed  lest  the   presiiient 
«n  1  senate,  by  an  assumption   of  power,  should  at 
length  cLiini   the  right  of  m.dcmg  war,  which  tiiey 
could  do  by  siipuliting   for  war  in   a  treaty.     lie 
said,  should  the  right  of  declaring  war  exist  in  one 
br  ncli  of  the  k-gislat lire  ii>dependent  of  the  other.':, 
he  could  not  see  but   it   might  as  swfely    be  lodged 
with  the  president  and  senate,  as  widi  this  liou.si:.— - 
The  rigiit  here  claimed  of  supervising  the   treaty, 
would  lead  to  that  result.     War  has  ceased;  we  are 
at  peace  with  Great  lirifain,   by  treaty;   but  if  this 
house    in  the  plenitude   of  their  wisdom,  had   not 
thought  proper  to  ratify  the  treaty,  the  war  is  re- 
newed; we  must  resume  our. irms,  which  would  ef- 
fectually vest  this  branch  of  the    legislature  with 
the  power  of  making  war.     He  said  he  did  not  be- 
lieve that  it  entered  into  tlie  views  of  the  Framers  of 
the  constitution,  to  vest  this  house  with  the  power 
of  rejecting  or   ratifying  a    treaty  ;  if  it  did,  they 
would  not  have  left   a  power,  so  important,  to    be 
gathered   from  inference.     They  would  have  made 
express  provision  for  it.     It  would  have  been  easy 
for  them,  and   they  would  h>ve   declared  tliat  the 
])()Wer    making    treati.  s,  should  be  vested   in    tlie 
president  of  the  United  Stales  andcongress. 

Mr  Calhoun  ohszYveA,  that  the>  voles  on  this  bill 
had  been  ordered  to  be  recorded;  and  that  the  hoU'^e 
would  see,  in  his  peculiar  situation,  a  sufficient  apo- 
logy for  his  offering  his  reasons  for  the  rejection  of 
the  bill.  H-  had  no  disposition  to  speak  on  this  !)ill; 
as  he  felt  contented  to  let  it  take  that  course,  whicii, 
in  the  opinion  of  the  m  ijority,  it  ought,  till  the  mem- 
bers were  called  on  by  the  order  of  the  house  to  re- 
cord their  votes. 

Tiie  question  presented  for  consideration  is  per- 
fectly simple,  and  easily  understood;  is  this  bdl  ne- 
cessary to  give  V  lidity  to  the  late  tre.ty  with  Great 
Britain.^  It  appeared  to  him,  that  this  question  is 
susceptible  of  a  decision,  without  considering  whe- 
ther a  treaty  can  in  any  case  set  aside  a  law;  or,  to 
be  more  particular,  whether  the  treaty  which  tl.is 
bill  proposes  to  carry  into  effect,  does  repeal  the  dis- 
criminating  duties.  The  house  will  remember,  that 
a  law  was  passed  at  tiie  close  of  the  laat  session, 
conditionally  repealing  those  duties.  That  act  pro- 
posed to  repeal  them  in  relation  to  any  nation,  which 
would  on  its  part  agree  to  repeal  similar  duties  as 
to  this  country  On  the  contingc-ncy  happening,  the 
law  became  positive.  It  has  happened,  and  has 
btcn  announced  to  the  country  that  England  has 
agreed  to  repeal.  The  president,  in  proclaiming 
the  treaty,  has  notified  the  f..ct  to  the  house  and 
country.  Why  then  propose  to  do  that  by  this  bill, 
v/hich  has  already  been  done  by  a  previous  act.'  lie 
knew  it  had  been  said  in  conversation,  that  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  were  not  as  broad  as  the  treaty. 
It  tlid  not  strike  him  so.  They  appeared  to  liiiii  to 
be  commensurate.  He  would  also  reason  from  ihe 
appearance  of  this  house,  that  they  vyeic  not  very 
deeply  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  this  bill.  He 
nciver,  on  any  important  occasion,  saw  it  so  indiffer- 
ent. Whence  could  this  arise?  Prom  the  want  of 
importance.'  If,  indeed,  the  existence  of  the  treaty- 
depended  on  the  p.ssageof  this  bill,  nothing, scarce- 
ly. Gould  be  more  interesting.    It  would  be  ealcuUt- 


£0 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  KILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  GlJESTrON. 


ed  to  excite  strong  fet-lings.     We  all  know  bowih? 
couiury  was    'f^n  xted  when  J  .y's  trcdty  was  before 
this  M'mse.     Th^^    q..esiioi<  wis  on  an  .ipjiropriiiliu.; 
toc.ii'.y  !■  ini,)    if  ct;  t  power  acknowledged  by  dl  U> 
belon  :f  to  ihe  lioUiO;    tnd  on  the  exercise  or'  winch, 
the  existence  of  the  treaty  was  frit  to  depend.    TIk 
feelinjjs  mrmif^sted,  convspoiul  d  with  tliis  convic- 
tioij.     Not  so  on  this  occasion.     Further,  the  treaty 
has  already  issume  i  tlu   form  of  I  iw.     It   is  so  pro 
claimed  lo  the  comnmni'y;   vhe   words  of  the  pi'o 
clam  ttion  are  not  ma'-^rial;  it  speiks  foi-  iis'lf,  anl 
if  it  mems  any  thing,  it    annoiuices  the  treity  as  a 
rule  of  public  conduct,    as  a  liw  exacting  the  oh  ■- 
dience  of  liie  p-?ople.     Were  he  of'  the  opposition 
siJe;   if  he,  in  ieed,  believed  this  treaty  to  be  a  dea.l 
letter  till  it    received  the  sane  inn  of  congress,  lie 
wouli  liy  the  bill  on  the  table  and  move  an  (riiqniry 
into  t  le  fact  why  the  treaty  has  oeen  prod  lined  ts 
a  law  before  it  had  received  'he  proper  sanction.     I 
is    lUe,  the  execuive  has  transmitted  a  copy  of  t.ie 
treaty  to  the  house;  but  has  he  sent  the  negociatioii? 
Has  Ije  given    my  light  to  judge  why  it  should  re 
ceive  the  sanction  of  this  body?  Do  gentlemen  mean 
to  say  that  information  is  not  neciied;  that  tliougii 
we    have  the  rignt  to  piss   laws  lo  give  validiiy  to 
treaties,  yet  we  ire  bound  by  a  mor. I  obligation  to 
pass  such  laws?     To  talk  of  tlie  right  of  this  house 
to  sane  ion  treaties,  and  at   the  same  time  to  assert 
that  it  is  under  a  moral  ooligition   not  to  withhold 
that  sanction,  is   a  solecism.     Nj  sound   mind  that 
unlerstands  the  terms  can  possibly  assent  to  it.    He 
would  CHUtion  the  house,  wnile  it  was  extending  its 
pow-rs  to  cases  whicii  he  believed  did  not  belong  to 
it,  to  t..ke  care  lesl  it  siio  d  1  lose  its  substantial  and 
undoubted  power.     He  would   put  it  on  its  gu.a'd 
against  the  dangerous   doctrine,  that  it  can  in  any 
case  become  a  mere  registering  laody.     Another  fact 
in  r'^gard  to  this  treaty      I'  iloes  not  stipul.tte  that  a 
law  shotil  I  p:iss  to  repeal  liie  duties  proposed  to  be 
repealed    by  tiiis    bill,  which   would  be   its  propei- 
form,  if  in  the  opinion  of  the  negociators  a  law  was 
necessary;  but  it   stipulates   in   positive  terms  for 
their  repeal  wiiiiout  consulting  or  reganiing  us.   Mr. 
C.    here  concluded  this  part  of  th'   discussion,  by 
Statin,<,  Ihit  it  appeared  to  him  I'roni  the  whole  com- 
plexion of  the  Case,  that  the  bill  before   the  house 
w  ,s  'nere  for.m  and  not  supposed  to  be  necessary  to 
the  validity  of  the  ireaty.     It  would  be  proper,  how- 
ever, he  observed,  to  reply  to  die  art^uments  winch 
have  jeen  urged  on  the  general  nature  of  die  treat v- 
maki'.ig  power,  md  as  i'  w.  s  a  subject  of  girat   im- 
portance,   he  solicited  the  uttju'ive   hearing  of  the 
house.     It  is  not  deni-  d,  he  belieV'^d,  that  the  pre- 
fiident,  with  the  ccncurr-nce  of   iwo-ihirds  of  tiie 
senate,  iiave  a  right  to  m  >ke  commercial  treaties;  it 
is  noi  a.sserted  that  this  treaty   is  couched  in  such 
geu'  r<tl  terms  as  to   require  a  law  to  carry  the   de 
tails  into  pxeculion.     Wiiy  then  is  this  bill  necessa- 
ry?    Ue:aus,^,  say  ^en.lenien,  that  the  treaty  of  it- 
self, wiL.iout  the  aid  of  this  bill,  cannot  exempt  Bri- 
tish tonnage  and  goods  imported  in  their  bottoms, 
from  th'^  operation  of  the  law,  laying  addition  d  du- 
ties on  fo.eign  tonnige  and  goods  imported  m  fo 
;-eign  vessel;  or,  giving  the  question  a  more  gene- 
r  d  form,  because  a  treaty  cui  :o;  annul  a  law.     Tiil- 
geii  lem^n  from  Viri,inia  (Mr.  Ha  bnur)  whoaigucd 
this  point  very  distinctly,  tliougli  not  satisfactoril), 
to  )k  is  his  general  position,  that  to  repeMi  a  law   is 
a  I'-fjislativ^  ;)Ct,  and   can  only  be  done  by  liw;  tiiai 
in   tlie   distribution  of  the   legislative   and    treaty- 
making  power,  tlie  right  to  repeal  a  law  fell  exclu- 
sively under    the  iormer.     How  does  this  compoii 
with  the  almi3:,io:)    inme  jiat  ly  made  by  liim,  tii   i 
Ihe  treaty  of  peace  repealed  ihe  act  decliU'ing  Wjii  ."^ 


I    .:c    uiiius  tlie  fact  in  a  single  casf*,  what  becomes 
d  Ins  exclusive  legislative  right?     He,  indeed,  felt 
iiat  his  rule  fuled  him;  and  in  explanatMii  assumed 
ajjDsition  entirely  new;  for  he  admitted,  that  wheu 
tiir  treaty  did  that  which    was  not  aulhorizj  I  to  be 
done  by  law,  it  did  not  require  the  sanction  of  con- 
gress, and  might  in  its  operation  repeal  a  law  incon- 
sistent with  it.     He  said,  congress  IS  not  authorized 
t  )  make  peace,  and  for  this  reason,  a  treaty  of  peace 
repeals  tlie  act  declaring  war.     In  this  position,  he 
understood  his  coUeagtie  substantially  to  concur. — 
He  hoped  to  make  it  appear,  that,  in   taking  this 
ground,  they    have  both  yi  lied  the  point  in  discus- 
sion     He  would  establish,  he  trusted,  to  the  satis- 
f.iction    of  the   house,   that   the  the   treaty-ninkiiig 
[jower,  when  it  was    legitimately   exercised,  always 
did  that  which  coul  I  not  be  done  by  law;  and  that 
the  reasons  advanced  to  prove    that  the  treat}'  of 
peace  repealed  the  act  making  war,  so  far  from  being 
(teculiar  to  that  c  'se,    apply  to  all   treaties.     Thejr 
lO  not    form   an  exception,  but,  in  fict,  constitute 
he  rule.     W  ly,  then,    he  asked,  cannot   congiess 
make  peace?     They  have  the  power  to  declare  war. 
All  acknowledge   this  power.     Peace   and  war  are 
the  oppnsttes.     They  are  the  positive  and  negdive 
terms  of  the  s  'me  proposition;  and  what  ru  e  of  cor.- 
stniction  more  clear,  tlian  that  when  a  pow  -r  is  i;iv~ 
en  to  do  an  act,  the  power  is  also  given  to  repeal  i'.? 
l?y  wh.it  rigli'  do  you  repfal  taxes,  reduce  your  ar» 
my,  lay  up  your  nav}-,  or  repeal  any  law,  but  by  the 
force  of  this  pl.iin  rule  of  constniciion?   Wiiy  cannot 
congress  then  lepeal  the  act  decl.>ring  wai?     He  ac- 
knowledged, with  the  gentleman,  they  c.oino  ,  con- 
sistently witli  reason.     Til    soluuon  of  thiscitiestion 
exi)L:ined  the  wnole  difficulty.     The  reason  is  plain 
^— one  power  mny  m. ike  war;  it  I'eqttires  two  to  nudce 
peace.     It  is  a  state  of    miitu,<.l  aniit),  succeLuing 
mutual  hostility;  it  is  a  state  that  cannot  be  created 
but  with  the  consent  of  both  parties.     It  required  a 
contract  or  a  treaty  between  the  nations  at  war.     Is 
♦his  p  -culiar  to  a  ireaty  of  peace  ?    No,  it  is  common 
to  all  treaties.     It  arises  out  of  their  nature,  and  not 
from  any  accidental  cifcumsti.nce  attaching  itself  to 
a  particular  class      Ii  is  no    more  or  less,  than  that 
congress  cannot  mak.- a  contr.ict  with  a  foreign  na- 
ti  m.     Let  us  apply  it  to  a  treaty  of  commerce,   to 
this  very  case.     C.<n   congress  do  what   this  tie^ty 
his  done?     It  h;ts  repealed   the  discriminating  du- 
ties  between    'his   country    and   England.      Eidier 
coulil  by  law  rep  al  its  own.     I5ui  b;,  law  they  could 
go  no  further;  md   for  th"  same  reason  th  it  peace 
c  ir.not  be  made  by  l.tw.     Whenever,  then,  an  ordina- 
ry subject  of  I  gislation  can    only   be  regulated  by 
conUMc;,  it  p.isses  from  the  spliere  of  the  ordinary 
power  of  m. iking  laws,  aim  att.iches  i'self  to  that  of 
m  ikiag  tre.ities,  wherever  it  is  lodged.  Allacknow- 
le  tge  the  triuh  of  this  conclusion,  where  the  sub- 
ject on  which   the  treaty  operates  is  not  expressly 
.  iven  to  congress;  but  in  other  cases  they  consider 
the  two  powers  as  concurrent;  and  conclude  fnmi  the 
nature  of  such  power^,  that  such  treaiies   must  be 
coafi  me-  by  law.    Wdl  they  acknowledge  the  oppo- 
site, til  t  laws  on  such  subjects  must  be  confirmed  by 
treaties?     And  if,   as  they  stale,  a  law  can  repeal  a 
ireaty  when  concurrent,  why  not  a  treaty  a  law  ?  Into 
such  absurdities  do  f  dse  doctrines  lead.     The  truth 
IS,  dl"  legislative  .and  treaty  m^ikiiig  power,  are  ne- 
ver in  the  strict  sense  concurrent.     They  both  may 
o  .ve    he  sime  subject,  as  in  this  case,  commerce^ 
but  they  discharge  functions  as  difi'ereni  in  relation 
lo  It  i.i  their  nature,  as  their  subject  is  alike.  Wiien 
we    spe.ik  of   concurrent   jiowers,    we  me  m    when 
Kjih  Can  do  the  same  thing;  but  lie  contended,  that 
when  the  two  powers  uiulei'  discussion  were  confis'^- 


SUPPLEMENT   TO  NILES'  TIEGISTER— TREATY  QUI'STION. 


n 


ed  to  theli- proper  sphere,  not  only  the    law  could  whanever  a  treaty  is  to  be  ckchred  vo'ul,  Is,  whether 

iiol  ilo  wh  .t  could  he  dope  by  ireiily,  but  the  reverse  uivier  all  the  circum'itHnces  of  Uie  case,  the  liL\it,v 

was  true;  lh:il  is,  ihal    they    never  are  nor  Cin  he  is   not  already  destroytci,  by  being  violated  by  tii'e 

concurrent  powers.     It  is  only  when  we  reason  on  nation  with  whom  it  is  m;ide,  or  by  tiie  existence  of 

this  subiect  ihat  we  mistake;  in  all  other  cises,  the  some  other  circumstance,  if  other  tliere  can  be. 

common  sense  of  ttie  house  and  the  country  decide  The  house  determines   this  question — is  the  coun- 


eorrectly.  it  is  proposL'd  to  establish  some  regula 
lion  ol  coium^^rce,  we  imniediatelv  enquire,  does  it 
depen  :  on  our  will;  can  we  make  the  desu-ed  regu- 
lation u'llliout  the  concurrence  of  any  foreign  pow- 
er; if  so,  it  belongs  to  congress,  and  any  one  would 
feel  it  to  be  ubsuid  to  attempt  to  effect  it  by  trea- 
ty. On  tiie  cjnlrary,  does  it  require  the  consent  of  a 
ibreiyu  power;  is  it  proposed  .0  gr  nt  a  favor  for  a 
favor,  10  repeal  discruniuating  du  ies  on  both  sidis? 
It  is  equ.dly  felt  to  belong  to  the  treaty  power;  and 
he  would  be  tliougiit  ins.iiie  who  would  piopose  to 
abolisii  the  liscrimin  i.  mg  duties  in  any  case  by  an 
act  of  the  American  congress.  If  is  calcul...ed,  he 
felt,  almost  to  insult  the  good  sense  of  tUe  house, 
to  dwell  on  a  point  appirently  so  clear.  What  1  hen 
would  he  infer  from  what  had  been  advunc -J?  Th,.i. 
according  to  tht  argument  of  gentlemen,  treaties, 
producing  a  stale  of  things  inconsis-teni  with  die 
provisions  of  an  existing /(iw,  nnul  such  provisions 
But  as  lie  did  no^  agree  with  them  in  the  v;e\\ 
which  they  look,  he  would  here  present  his  own  for 
consideration,  Why  then  iias  a  treaty  the  forci 
which  he  attributed  to  it?  Because  it  is  an  act  in 
its  own  nature  paramount  to  laws  m  /de  by  the  com 
inon  legislative  [lowers  of  the  country.  It  is,  in 
fact,  a  law  and  something  more;  a  law  estat^lislipl 
by  contract  between  inde[)endent  nations.  To  an.i- 
logize  it  to  private  life,  l.iw  has  the  same  relations 
to  treaty,  as  the  resolution  taken  by  an  ladividuil 
to  his  contract.  A  .  111  lividual  may  m.ike  the  niost 
ileliberate  promise — he  may  swear  it  in  the  most  so 
lemu  form,  that  he  would  not  sell  his  lious'^  or  any 
otli'ir  property  he  may  have;  ye  ,if  he  would  af'ei- 
wards  sell,  he  sale  would  be  valid  inlaw;  he  would 
not  be  admiitt.r  in  a  court  of  justice  to  plead  his 
oath  against  his  contract.  T-ke  a  case  of  govern- 
ment in  its  most  simple  form,  where  it  was  purelj 
despolic,  that  is,  all  power  lodged  in  the  hands  of  a 
singl- individual.  W^ould  not  his  treatifs  rep>  al  in- 
consistent edicts?  Let  us  now  ascend  from  the  in- 
stances cited,  to  illustrate  the  nature  of  the  two 
powei'S',  to  the  pii  iciple  on  wliich  the  paramount 
character  of  a  treaty  rests.  A  treaty  always  ailecis 
the  interests  of  two;  a  law  only  thai  of  a  single  na- 
tion. It  is  an  established  principle  of  politics  and 
morality,  that  the  interestof  the  many  is  pu-amount 
to  that  of  the  few.  In  fict,  it  is  a  principle  so  la- 
dical,  that  without  it  no  systern  of  ni.>ralit)',  uo  ra- 
tional scheme  of  government,  could  exist.  It  is  for 
this  reason,  that  contracts,  or  tiiat  treaties,  which 
are  only  the  contracts  of  independent  nations,  or  to 
express  both  in  two  words,  that  plighted  faith  has 
in  ail  ages  and  nations,  been  consider-^d  so 'olemn. 
But  it  is  said,  in  opposition  to  this  position,  tliat  n 
subs  quentlaw  can  repeal  a  treaty;  and  to  tlii«  propo- 
sitioii,  he  understood  that  tlie  gentleman  from  N.  C 
(Ml .  G  iston)  .issented.  Strictly  speaking,  he  dcnieu 
the  fact.  He  knew  that  a  Uw  might  assume  the 
appearance  of  repealing  a  :re-.ty;  hut  he  insiste>. 
it  was  only  in  appearance,  and  that,  in  point  of  fact, 
it  Wis  not  a  repeal.  Whenev  r  a  law  was  p.oposed, 
declaring  a  treaty  void,  he  considered  the  house 
acted  not  as  a  legislative  bo  ly,  hnl  judicidUy.  He 
would  illustrate  his  ideas.  li  tlie  house  is  a  moral 
body,  that  is.,  if  it  is  governed  by  reason  and  vir 
tue,  which  it  must  always  be  presiuiied  to  be,  the 
only  question  ihut  ever  could  occupy  i'.s  attention, 


try  any  longer  bound  by  tjie  treaty?  II. s  it  not 
ceased  to  exist?  The  nation  p.sses  a  juflgment 
on  its  own  contract;  and  this,  from  the  neces- 
sity of  tlie  case,  as  it  admits  no  supi.rior  po«  er 
to  which  it  can  reli?r  for  decision.  If  any  other 
consider ition  moves  the  house  to  repeal  a  treaty 
it  can  be  considered  only  in  tlie  liglit  of  a  viola- 
tion of  a  conir  ct  acknowledged  to  be  binding  on 
the  country.  A  nation  may,  it  is  true,  violate  a 
contract;  they  may  even  do  this  under  a  form  ot  law; 
but  he  Was  not  considering  vviiat  might  be  done,  but 
wliat  might  be  rightfully  done  It  is  not  a  question 
of  powe. ,  but  of  right.  \V[\y  are  not  tliese  posl'  ions, 
111  themselves  so  clear,  universally  assented  to?  Gen- 
tlemen are  alarmed  at  imaginary  conscquenres.— r 
rhey  argue  noi,  .>s  if  seeking  for  (he  meaning  of  ilie 
constitution;  but  as  if  deliberating  on  the  subj-ct 
of  in  king  one;  not  as  members  of  a  legislai'iue 
an  1  ,;cting  under  .1  constitution  already  established 

b:it  as  that  of  a   coiivenuon   about  to  frame  one. 

F  .r  his  pari,  he  h.id  always  regarded  the  coiistitu- 
tion  as  a  work  of  great  wisdom,  and,  being  the  in- 
strument uiuler  which  we  existed  as  a  body,  it  was 
ouruuiy  to  bow  lo  its  eiiaciments,  whatever  they 
m-ii;  be,  with  submission.  Vv'e  ought  scarcely  to  in- 
tlulge  a  wish  that  its  provisions  sliould  be  difll-rent 
from  wliat  they  111  fact  aie.  The  consequences 
however,  whicii  appear  to  work  with  soniucii  ter- 
ror on  the  minds  of  tlie  gentleiriin,  he  con.'.id'-red  to 
be  without  any  just  foundation.  The  tre.ity-in.kin"- 
power  has  m  .ny  and  powerful  limits,  and  it  wdl  be 
l()und  when  he  came  to  discuss  wliat  those  limits 
are,  that  it  cannot  destroy  the  constitution,  our  per- 
son d  liberty,  involve  us  without  the  assent  of  this 
house  in  war,  or  grant  away  our  money.  The  li- 
mit«  h'r-  proposed  to  this  power,  are  not  iiie  same,  it 
is  true;  but  the\-  appeared  to  him  nuich  more  ration- 
al and  powerful  tiian  those  whicli  were  supposed  to 
present  eftectual  guards  to  its  abuse.  Let  us  now 
consider  what  they  are:  The  grant  of  the  power  to 
m  ke  treaties,  is  couchtd  in  the  most  general  terms. 
Tiie  words  of  tiie  constitution  are,  th:it  the  president 
shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  auvice  and  con- 
sent  of  the  senate,  to  make  tre  itics,  provided  two- 
tiiirds  of  the  senators  concur.  In  a  subsequent  part 
of  the  constitution,  treaties  are  declared  to  be  the 
supreme  law  of  the  land  \A'ha(tver  limits  :u-e  im- 
posed on  those  general  terms,  ouglit  to  be  the  result 
of  the  sotmd  construction  of  the  instrument.  There 
appeared  to  him  but  two  restrictions  on  its  exercise; 
the  one  derived  from  the  nature  of  our  government, 
and  the  other  from  th.it  of  the  power  itself.  Most 
certainly,  all  grants  of  power  inuier  the  constituiioa 
mnst  be  conti  olk-d  by  that  instntnient;  for,  hiving 
dieir  existence  from  it,  they  must  of  necessity  as- 
sume liiat  form  wiiich  the  constitution  has  imposed. 
This  is  acknowledged  to  be  true  of  tlie  legisl.tti\e 
power,  and  it  is  doubtless  equall\  so  of  the  power  to 
ni.'.ke  treaties.  The  limits  of  the  former  are  exact- 
ly mu-ked;  it  was  necessary  to  [irevcnt  coUiiiion  v.illj 
t.iniilar  existing  state  power.s.  This  couni;y  is  di- 
vided into  many  distiuct  sovereignties.  Exact  enu- 
meration here,  is  necessary  to  prevent  the  most  dan.- 
gerous  consequences.  The  ciiunieratic/ii  of  legis- 
laiive  powers  in  the  constitution,  has  relation,  then, 
not  to  the  treaty  power,  but  to  tlie  powers  of  the 
slate.    In  our  velalion  to  t!ic  test  of  the  v.'orld,  the 


22        SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUESTION. 


case  is  reversed.     Here  the   states  disappear.     Di- 
vided witliin,  we  present  the  exterior  of  undivided 
sovereiijiity.     The   wisdom  ot"  the   constitution  ap- 
pears conspicuous.     When  enumeration  was  needed, 
there   we  find  the   powers  cnumTated  and  exuctly 
defined;  when  not,  we  do  not  find  wliat  would  be 
vain  and  pernicious.     Whatever  then  concerns  our 
foreign  relations;  whatever  requires  the  consent  of 
another  nation,  belongs  to  the  treity  power,  can  on- 
ly be  regulated  by  it,  and  it   is   competent  to  regu- 
late all  such  subjects;  provided,  (and  here  are  its 
true  limits)  sucii  regulations  are  not   inconsistent 
with    the  constitution.     If  so,  they  are  void.     No 
treaty  can  alter  the  fabric  of  our  government,  nor 
can  it  do  that  which  the  constitution  has  expressly 
forbad  to  be  done;  nor  cin  it  do    that   differently 
which    is    directed  to   be    done  in  a  given    mode, 
and  all  otiier  modes  proliibited.     For  instance,  the 
constitution  says,   no  money  "shall  be  drawn  out  of 
the  treasury  but  by  «n  appropiiation  made  by  law." 
Of  course,  no  subsidy  can    be  gruited  without  an 
act  of  law;  and  a  treaty  of  alliance  could  not  involve 
the  country  in    war  without    the   consent  of  this 
house.     With  this  limitation,  it  is  easy  to  explain 
the  case  put  by  my  colleague,  who  said,  that  ac- 
cording to  one  limitation  a  treaty  might  luve  pro- 
hibited the  introduction  of  a  certain  description  of 
j)ersons  before  the  year  18a8,    notwitiistanding  the 
clause  in  the  constitution  to  the  contrary,    Mr.  C. 
said  that  he   would  spe  k  plainly  on  this  point;  it 
was  the  intention  of  the  constitution  that  the  slave 
trade  should  be  tolerated  until  the  time  mentioned. 
It  covered  him  with  confusion  to  name  it  here;  he 
felt  ashamed   of  such  a  tolerance,   and  took  a  hu-ge 
pari  of  the  disgrace,  .is  he  represented  a  part  of  the 
union,  by  whose  influence  it  might  be  supposed  to 
have  been  introduced.     T.iougli  congress  alone  is 
prohibited    by    the    words    of    the    clause     from 
inhibiting   that    odious    traffic,    vet    his    colleigue 
would  admit  that  it  was   intended  to  be  a  general 
prohibition   on  the   guvernmenl  of  the  imion.       He 
perceived  his  ccdleague  indicated  his  dissent.     It 
will  be  necessary  to  be  more  explicit.     Here  Mr.  C. 
read  that  part  of  the  constitution,  and  showed  that 
tlie  ^.ori  "congress"  migiit  be  left  out,  in  conformi- 
ty to  other  parts  of  the  constitution,  widiout  injury 
to  the  sense  of  the  chouse;  and  he  insisted  the  pldn 
meaning  of  tlie  p  irties  to  the  constituiion  was,  that 
the  trade  slmuld  continue  till  1808,  and  that  a  pro 
hibition  by  treaty  would  be  cqudly  against  the  spi 
rit  of  the  instrument.     Besid-s  these  constitution  d 
limits,  the  treaty  power,  like  all  powers,  his  others 
derived  from  its  object  and  nature.     It  has  for  its  ob- 
ject, contracts  with  foreign  n  itions;  as  the  powers  of 
congress  have  for  ihsir  object  whatever  can  be  done 
in  relation  to  the  powers  delegated  to  it  without  the 
consent  of   foreign  nations.     Each,    in   its    proper 
sphere,  operates  wiih  general  influence:  but  when 
tlvjy  !)ecame  erratic,  then  they  were  portentous  and 
dangii-ous.     A  tr'^aty  never  can  legit  im  ttely  do  that 
whicn  can  be  done  by  law;  and  the  converse  is  also 
true.    Suppose  tlie  discriminating  duties  repealed  on 
botli  sides  bylaw,  yet  what  is  eflbcted  by  this  trea- 
ty would  not  even  then  be  done;  the  plighted  faitii 
would  be  wanting.     Lither  side  might  repeal  its  law 
without  breach  of  contnct.     It  appeared  to  him, 
that  gentlemen  are  too  much  influenced  on  tliis  sub- 
ject  by  the  eximple  of  Great  Britain.     Instead  of 
looking  to  the  nature  of  our  government,  'hey  !i;ive 
been  swayed  in  their  opinion  by  the  pnctice  of  that 
government  to  which  we  are  but  too  much  in  theliabit 
of  f  jokr.ig  for  precedents.   Much  anxie'v  has  recently 
been'  vinced  to  be  indf^pendentofEnglisli  broadcloths 
and  muslins;  he  hoped  it  indicated  Uie  spproacUof  s, 


period  wh^-n  we  should  also  tlirow  oflTthe  thraldom  of" 
thought.  The  truth  is,  but  little  anotogy  exists  be- 
tween this  and  any  other  government.  It  is  the  pride 
of  ours  to  be  founded  in  reason  and  equity;  all  others 
have  originated  more  or  less  in  fraud,  violence  oi" 
accident.  The  rii;ht  to  make  tieaties  in  England, 
cm  only  be  determined  by  the  practice  of  that  go- 
vernment, as  she  has  no  written  constitution.  Hep 
practice  may  be  wise  in  regard  to  her  government, 
wlien  i»  would  be  very  imprudent  jiere.  Admitting 
the  fict  to  be,  then,  that  the  king  refers  all  com- 
tnercial  treaties  aflTt-cting  the  municipal  regulations 
of  the  countiy  to  pailiament,  for  its  sanction,  the 
ground  would  be  very  feeble  to  prove  ih-it  to  be  the  , 
intention  of  our  coiistitution.  Strong  differpncp  ex- 
ists between  the  forms  of  the  two  g(]vprnments.  The 
king  IS  hereditai-};  he,  alone,  wiliiout  the  participa- 
tion of  either  house  of  parliament,  negociates  and 
makes  treaties;  tliey  have  no  constitution  emanating 
from  the  people,  alike  superior  to  the  legislature 
and  the  king.  Not  so  here.  Tlie  president  iseh^cted 
fora  short  period;  he  is  amenable  to  the  public  opi- 
nion; lie  is  liable  to  be  impeached  for  corruption;  he 
cannot  make  treaties  without  the  concui  rence  of  two 
tliirds  of  the  senate,  a  fact  very  material  to  he  re- 
membered; which  body  is  in  like  mant\er  responsi- 
ble to  the  people  at  periods  not  very  remote;  above 
all,  as  the  laws  anl  coiibtittuion  are  here  perfectly 
distinct,  and  the  laaer  isalike  superior  to  1  ws  and 
treaties,  the  treaty  power  cannot  ch  nge  the  form  of 
government  or  encroach  on  the  liberties  of  the  coun- 
try, without  encroaching  on  tliat  instrumi^n',  which 
so  long  as  the  people  are  free,  will  be  watched  with 
vigilance. 

Ml-   /?et/RoWs  said  he  rose  with  some  diffilence  to 
express  his  opinion  on  the  great  ques'ion  now  before 
the  house,  parliculaidy  after  the  great  ditpUiy  made 
by  tlie  gentlemen  from  South  C  vfdin  .,  M; .  C  llioun, 
and  from  Virginia,   Mr.  H.imiolph,  who  iiad  just  sat 
down,     liui  whenever  a  great  constitution  il  qu' stioa 
is  Involved,   M  .  R.  siid,  he  woul  1   ■  Iways  Uik."  the 
liberty  to  deliver  his   sentiments  while  he  h-id  the 
honor  of  a  seat  in  this  house— H-  did  not  mejin,  lutw- 
ever,  to  enter  into  the  general  discussion,  which  <he 
question  now  assumed  by  the  eloquence  of  the  Inn. 
gentleman  from  Virginia,  (Vfr.  U  ntlolph)  at  this  l.t'e 
hour,  bu'  mer'  ly  to  state  the  grounds  on  whicii  liis 
opinion  rested.  Mr.R  said  it  was  time  enough  'o  iTieet 
ihe  extreme  case,  put  by  the  honorable  gentleman, 
when  it  should  really  and  absolutely  occur.     And 
whenever  ministers,  who  were   appointerl   to  nei;o- 
ciate  a  treaty  with  a  foreign  pow.=>r,  would  cede  a 
state,  or  part  of  a  state,  or  any  territoiy  whati  vrr, 
and  that  sanctioned  by  the  president  iinil  two-thirds 
of  the  senate,  he  hoped  in  God,  there  would  r.lw:  ys 
be  found  a  redeeming  spirit  in  this  house,  to  check 
at  once  a  course  so  enormous  and  unconstitutional. 
Mr.  \l.  admitted,  that  there  are,  and  may  be  trenties 
which  this  house  m  ly  be  bound  to  register,  if  you 
please  to  call  it,  and  adopt  as  the  supreme  law  of 
the  Isnd;  and  those,  in  his  opinion,  are  exclusivply  , 
treaties  of  peace,  that  do  not  require  any  act  of  legis- 
lation to  carry  the  same  into  eflfect.     But,  he  insist- 
ed, that  all   treaties  of  commerce  and  alliance,  or 
those  which  required  this  hou.^e  to  appropriate  the 
money  of  their  constituents,  did,  and  ought  to  h.ave 
the  sanction  of  congress  b,  fore  they  could  be  view- 
ed as  complete,  or  "the  supreme  law  of  tlie  land. 
And  it  w  son  this  ground,   Mr.  R.  said,  he  was  op- 
posed in  toto  to  the  doctiines  advanced  by  the  gen- 
ileman  from  South  Candina,  (Mr.  Calhoun)  in  favor 
of  the  treaty  making  power.     But,  said  the  ger.tle- 
man  with  some  degree  of  triumph,  the  president  of 
the  United  States  has  alrsady  considered  the  com- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILE3'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUESTION.        23 


mercial  treaty  as  complete,  because  he  has  published 
the  same  to  the  world  as  the  Ihw  of  the  Itnd,  and 
has  merely  transmuted  a  copy  of  it  to  this  house 
without  any  documents  to  act  upon.  Sir,  said  Mr. 
R.  this  message  is  the  strongest  evidence  that  can 
be  adduc>;d  in  favor  of  the  position  I  have  taken. 
The  president  of  the  United  States  knew  well  what 
he  was  .tbout,  and  the  course  he  has  taken  speaks 
volumes  on  the  subject.  What  doc-s  that  message 
say,  Mr.  Speaker?  Ii  announces  to  us  that  the  treaty 
has  been  duly  ralififd,  and  recommends  to  this  house 
to  puss  such  laiBS  as  muy  be  required  to  carry  the 
same  into  eject— Siv,  this  is  a  treUy  regulatmg  com- 
merce between  this  country  and  Gr.'at  Britain.  The 
constitution  has  confided  the  regulation  of  foreign 
commerce  to  liie  congress  of  the  United  States.  It 
is  a  municipril  law,  over  which  the  houss  has  a  right 
to  act.  I  shall,  therefore,  vote  for  the  bill  on  your 
table,  although  I  do  not  deem  it  of  much  importance 
as  to  the  Vrflidity  of  the  treaty  now  und-^r  considera- 
tion, or  that  its  passage  is  absolutely  necessary  on 
the  present  occasion,  out  for  the  purpose  of  record- 
ing my  vote  in  support  of  the  great  constitutional 
authority  of  this  house. 

Mr.  Tiicker  said  that  he  should  not  have  risen  to 
offer  to  tiie  house  ;<ny  remarks  on  the  subject  before 
it,  if  he  had  not  conceived  that  there  were  some  im 
portant  considerations  that  iiad  not  yet  been  pre- 
sented to  its  view.  Gentlemen,  he  said,  have  so 
eagerly  entered  upon  the  discussion  of  the  general 
question  in  relation  to  the  treaty-making  power,  a 
question  of  the  greatest  magnitude  and  interest,  that 
their  attention  seems  to  have  been,  in  a  great  mea- 
sure, withdrawn  from  the  bill  under  consideration. 
Let  us  remember,  however,  that  wliatever  may  be 
our  respective  opinions  on  the  subject  of  the  powers 
of  the  sever  il  branches  of  government,  the  passage 
of  this  bill  may  in  the  present  state  of  things  become 
absolutely  necessary;  let  us  reflect,  that  upon  our 
decision  on  this  occasion,  the  execiition  of  the  trea- 
ty on  our  part  in  the  sprit  of  good  faith,  m  ly  essen- 
tially depend,  and  whilst  we  look  to  the  question  of 
constitutional  power,  let  us  not  entirely  forget  the 
peculiar  character  of  this  treaty,  and  the  provisions 
of  this  bill, 

iiefore  I  call  the  attention  of  the  house  to  the 
treaty  itself,  and  endeavor  to  explain  the  necessity 
of  legislative  interference  on  this  occasion,  let  xw^ 
touch  for  a  moment  on  the  subject  of  the  treaty-mak- 
ing power;  without  preiendlng,  however,  tocompre 
hensive  investigation  of  the  constitution  ;1  doctrines 
in  relation  to  it,  as  such  an  attempt  would  lead  \p 
too  wide  a  discussion,  and  might  prove  buth  tedious 
and  uninteresting. 

I  concede,  without  hesitation,  that  the  treaty-mak 
ing  power  is  vested  in  the  president  nnd  seucite;  but 
so  far  from  assenting  to  the  proposition  th^vt  congress 
have  in  no  case  a  right  to  interfere;  I  con, end  that  it 
may  l3e  of  the  very  essence  of  a  treaty  to  engage  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States  that  congress  will,  or 
will  not,  do  an  act,  or  will,  or  will  not,  pass  a 
law. 

I  understand  a  treaty  made  by  the  executive  to 
be  an  engagement  entered  into  by  the  president  and 
senate  on  the  part  of  the  United  Slates  with  a  fo- 
reign power,  by  wiuch  something  may  be  engaged 
to  be  done  or  omitted  on  the  part  of  this  nation.  It  Is 
rather  a  contract  by  which  tlie  parties  undertake 
that  some' lung  shallhe  done,  than  an  act  by  which  it 
is  done.  The  supulations  of  the  instrument  which 
the  nation  by  its  executive  undertakes  to  perform, 
are  also  of  various  characters,  and  separate  and  dis- 


tinct natures.  Some  may  be  executive  merely,  some 
legislative  ;  and  indeed,  from  the  treaty  m.-ide  under 
ihe  old  confederation  whereby  it  was  stipulaied  that 
tne  creditors  of  the  two  nations  should  meet  with 
no  impediment  in  the  recovery  of  their  debts,  it 
seems,  that  the  engagements  of  the  contracting  pow- 
ers may  on  some  occasions  be  referable  to  the  judi- 
ciary department  of  the  government.  In  eitlier  case, 
the  treaty  entered  into  by  the  president  and  senate, 
can  be  regarded  in  no  other  liglit  than  as  an  engage- 
ment on  the  part  of  this  nation,  that  th?  stlpul  itions 
of  the  contract  shall  be  carried  into  effect  by  that 
department  of  the  government  within  whose  pro- 
vince they  may  respectively  fall.  Thus  if  it  be 
agreed,  that  an  executive  act  shall  be  done,  the  ex- 
I'cuiivt!  alone  may  carry  the  treaty  into  full  and  com- 
plete oper.'tion.  If  it  be  agreed  that  something 
shall  be  done,  which  falls  within  the  province  »«f 
the  legislative  power,  then  the  legislative  aid  be- 
come necessary,  because,  though  the  president  and 
sen  tte  may  make  a  treaty,  the  constitution  no  where 
empowers  them  to  make  a  lain.  Tiiese  princi;  les 
are  not  only  clear  and  palpable,  I  conceive,  but  they 
have  been  acted  on,  and  are  admitted  in  effect  by  the 
course  of  argument  which  has  been  pursued.  Thus, 
if  it  be  engaged  that  peace  shall  be  made  and  ar- 
mies withiirawn,  the  executive,  by  its  mandate,  pro- 
claims  peace,  or  commands  the  retreat  of  its  forces  ; 
yet,  however  solemn  and  obligatory  a  treaty  from 
the  moment  of  its  sij,niture  becomes  upon  that  de- 
partment on  which  it  binds,  until  th.it  department 
ticts,  it  is  no  rule  of  action  for  those  under  its  con- 
trol. If  a  treaty  of  peace,  for  eximple,  be  made, 
yet  if  the  executive  fail  to  promulgate  it — if  they 
refuse  to  proclaim  it — if  they  refuse  to  give  orders 
10  their  aimies,  and  'heir  commanders  to  suspend 
hostilities,  no  commander,  no  officer  would  be  justi- 
ed  in  acting  under  it  tintll  his  orders  were  received^ 
unless  he  did  so  upon  his  own  responsibility.  So 
too  in  the  cas-e  of  the  treaty  under  consideration.— 
However  conclusive  and  plain  the  treaty  may  be, 
wlio  Will  pretend  that  every  collector  and  deputy 
Gollectrjr  in  the  union,  may  luiihoiit  orders  from  anif 
.lepanment  of  the  government  consider  the  treaty 
as  the  supreme  hai;  as  hi-^  supreme  rule  of  conduct, 
and  act  accordingly  ?  If  noi,  tlien  some  other  act  it 
necessary  to  carry  this  treaty  into  operation,  whe- 
ther executive  or  legislative,  I  will  not  now  stop  to 
e. .quire.  The  treaty,  then,  dops  7iot  execute  itself: 
It  is  not,  (without  any  thing  farther,)  the  supreme 
law  or  rule  o*^'  conduct  for  every  individual,  for  if  it 
be,  then  every  individual  is  justified  in  acting  ,;t  once 
without  waiting  executive  instruction  :  nay,  after 
receiving  such  instruction,  they  would  in  conscience 
be  bound  to  follow  the  treaty  (thus  become  the  law 
of  the  land)  rather  than  Vie  instruction  of  the  pre- 
sident and  Ills  secretaries. 

Tliese  considerations  prove,  sufTicientlj',  I  con- 
ceive, that  even  where  stipulaions  are  made  which 
ire  fully  within  the  province  of  tlie  executive  pow- 
er, a  treaty  does  not,  cannot  execute  itself;  that  it  is 
in  truth  a  contract  Zo  c/o  sometiiiiig,  not  an  act  by 
which  it  is  done. 

Tnis  distinction,  Mr.  Sneaker,  becomes  yet  more 
plain,  when  we  come  to  apply  it  to  a  treaty  contain- 
ing stipulations  by  whic'j  the  nation  engnges  to  do 
something  that  fails  within  the  sphere  of  legislative 
power.  I  v.'ill  not  slop  to  prove  by  laborious  rea- 
soning, that  CHses  may  occur  in  which  the  legisla- 
tive body  innst  be  called  on  to  execute  the  provi- 
sions  of  a  treaty;  I  will  not  fatlijue  the  house  with 
an  effort  to  s!iow  that  there  are  cases  in  which  the 
treaty  canneilhei'o/'era'e  as  a  law,  nor  the  executive 


f  4        SUPPLE ?,IENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  aUESTION. 


enforce  Us  provisions  -xuilhont  a  law.  It  wo'iUl  In 
useless,  for  tlie  liosilion  lus  always  b  eii  ailniille.], 
li'is  often  been  acted  on,  and  is  now  mosi  amply  con- 
ceded. Siicli,  sir,  is  tlie  cise  of  a  treaty,  tlie  siipn- 
latioiis  of  wliicii,  calling  upon  lie  tre  isiu-frs  of  the 
country,  require  an  appropriation.  Sucli  too  the 
case  oi  a  cession  of  temtory  spok-n  of  in  tiie  de- 
bate, if  we  could  dream  of  suoli  i  power  existinj,' 
any  where  in  the  federal  government.  Such,  too, 
the  case  of  the  stipuhtion  in  the  convention,  b) 
which  Louisiana  was  ceded  to  the  United  Stales, 
whereby  on  certain  tf  rnis  siie  w  <s  to  be  admitted  in- 
to thr-  union.  Let  us  p-iise  for  a  moment  and  ask 
ourselvLS,  whetn^r  such  traeties  can  be  regarded  as 
ex-'Ctning  themselves  ;  whctiier  they  can  have  ope- 
ration Without  legislative  aid  ?  Can  a  treaty  l..y  a 
t  (X  ;  can  u  tre:ity  make  an  ippropriation  ;  can  a  trea- 
ty, ?/iso /hc/o,  cede  territory;  can  a  treaty  erect  a 
territory  into  a  slate  ?  Can  these  things  be  done  by 
the  tre.'ty  alone,  oi'  by  the  aid  and  instrumentality 
of  t]\ii  executive  without  /fij-Zs/it^/re  assistance  ?  It  is 
admitted  on  all  hands  they  cannot.  Even  the  most 
zealous  supporters  of  the  treaty-making  pmver  ac- 
knowledge, that  they  must  in  .^tich  ca  es  look  to  the 
legislature,  though  tliey  contend  that  this  nody  is 
bound  to  pass  the  necessary  1  iv/s.  I  will  not  stop  at 
this  time  to  examine  this  principle,  but  ask,  whe- 
ther it  is  not  palp.-ble  from  these  adtnissions,  that  In 
all  such  cases  a  treaty  does  not  actually  make  or 
change  the  law,  but  only  engages  on  the  part  oi  the 
United  States  that  it  shall  be  made  or  change  i.  II 
so,  1  am  not  incon-ect  in  supposin^;,  that  a  treaty  is 
merely  an  engagement  that  c.  rtain  acts  shall  be  done 
by  that  department  of  thegovernn'ent  within  whose 
province  they  may  fall  ;  and  that  it  does  not  ope 
rate  in  cases  filling  wiihin  ihe  sjiherij  of  the  legis- 
lative p  )\ver,  without  the  aid  of  that  branch  of  the 
government. 

If  it  were  otherwise,  if  we  were  indeed  to  rive 
jnto  the  monstrous  construction,  that  a  treaty  of  it- 
self is  to  be  regarded  as  a  law  ;  th  it  it  can  repeal  a 
solemn  act  of  the  legisl.iture,  and  operate  threcilij  up- 
on the  community  without  the  ag".ncyot  ihat  bi-anch 
of  the  government,  in  cases  exclusively  within  ihe 
legislative  sphere,  to  what  fatal  lengtiis  shall  we  not 
be  led.  If  treaties  have  this  ellect  in  one  case,  why 
not  in  all  ?  If  in  taking  off  a  duty,  why  not  n  ma- 
king an  appropriatiijFi ;  if  in  repealing  one  law,  why 
not  in  passing  another;  why  not  in  laying  taxes, 
granting  subsidies,  making  cessions  of  territory,  and 
even  paying  tribute  to  an  Algerine  dey  without 
consent  of  congiess,  if,  indeed,  our  gallant  seamen 
had  not  procured  more  honorable  terms  for  us  in  the 
Jate  negociatinn  ?  Can  g-^ntlenien  d -aw  the  line  of 
discrimination  ?  Can  Ihey  point  out  that  p^rt  of  the 
eonstitalion,  which,  in  tlie  supposed  concession  to 
the  treaty-m  king  power  of  tlie  legislative  authori- 
ty, says  lo  the  former  "  thus  fir  sh  dt  thou  go  iind 
no  farther  ?"  And  if  they  cannot,  this  independence 
of  the  legislature  must  exist  in  all  c  >ses  or  n.Mie.  It 
is  admitted  that  it  does  not  eXist  in  all  (as  in  the 
cases  of  appropriation,  &c.)  un.i  I  tlierefore  conclude 
it  exists  in  7i(j!ie. 

But  if  the  legislative  authority  he  necessary,  is  it 
true  that  we  are  hound  to  act  in  a  particul  u'  wav  ?  Is 
it  true  that  we  wi<s;  pass  theliws  whi..h  the  ire.Lty- 
making  power  engages  we  sii:di  pass?  linpiissibh- ! 
When  our  aid  is  cdl>-  for,  we  mus'  hav?  tiip  powr 
to  delibeiMte  ;  \i  Xo  deliberaie,  wq  mwax  iiave  a  dis- 
crelion  to  pass  or  to  reject^  sinci' w'.Mioui  it  deliber.- 
tion  is  a  mockery  and  l.-gislative  solemnities  a  fair 
sutijcctof  derision  and  contempt. 


T.:ere  is  aimiher  point  of  view,  Mr.  Speaker,  ijj 
vliicii  1  would  present  this  subject  to  the  house.      / 

To  whom  has  the  consti'u  ional  charier  given 
the  legislative  power  ?  I  ansv/er  in  the  explicit  Ian. 
guage  of  the  instrument  in  its  commencing  clause, 
"  10  a  CONGHKSK  of  (ht-  United  Slates  which  shall 
consist  of  a  senate  and  house  of  jikpheskxtatives." 
Is  this  ample  grant  n-stncted  by  any  subsrquent  part 
of  the  instrument  ? — We  are  referred  by  gentlemen 
to  the  treaty-m;. king  poM'er  and  to  the  clause  v.  hich, 
as  they  contend,  declates  that"  treaties  shall  be  made 
the  supreme  law  of  the  land."  If  indeed  by  any 
tair  construction  this  clause  can  be  deemed  lo  de- 
cl  ire  tiia  treaties  shall  be  superior  to  the  laws,  then 
our  adversaries  rtiay  claim  the  victory  ;  otherwise 
tiiey  must  yield  it.  But  does  it  so  .'  It  declares  the 
constitution  «7u/the  laws  of  congress, «?!(/ the  treaties, 
to  be  the  supr.-me  law  : — Superior  to  what  ?  To  the 
laxas  of  the  states  :  as  vve  pt-rceive  by  tht  coiichi-r 
sion  ;  "  unij  thing  in  the  constitution  or  hncs  of  any 
state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding."  It  cieclarcs 
all  three  to  be  supreme  ;  it  does  not  attempt  to  giW 
duate  the  respective  authority  of  eacii,  nor  cnn  it  be 
predicated  of  either,  that  under  this  clause  it  is  sti- 
p<-r!or  to  the  others.  Even  the  constitution  itself, 
would  have  no  claims  to  superiority,  if  it  looked  on- 
ly to  this  passage  for  its  title  to  supremacy. 

I'",  then,  the  legislative  power  be  vested  in  con- 
gress,  and  if  by  this  clause  it  be  not  taken  away  or 
subject  lo  the  control  of  the  treaty-making  power, 
I  presume  it  remains  unimpaired  in  the  rej)resenta- 
tives  ot  the  nation.  If  so,  their  concurrence  is  not 
onh  essential  to  carry  into  fffcct  a  treaty  touch- 
ing upon  legislative  powers,  but,  in  acting  upon  it, 
they  must  deliberate  with  the  freedom  of  indepen- 
dent legislators. 

V  is  contended,  however,  by  the  gentleman  from 
South  Carolina  (Mr  Calhoun)  that  a  treaty  is  supe- 
rior to  the  law,  because  it  is  a  contract  between  our 
nation  and  another  power.  I  am  ready  to  admit,  Air. 
Speak-,  r,  the  ingenuity  of  the  gentleman  in  drawing 
this  distinction.  It  is  what  may  Well  be  expect- 
ed from  his  ingr^nious  and  active  mind.  But  I 
think  it  will  appe.<r  that  it  is  more  ingenious 
tlian  solid,  more  true  than  applicable  to  the  sub- 
ject. 

I  admit  th' t  wliere  a  contract  has  been  entered  inte> 
and  completed  by  all  the  necessary  powers  under  our 
constiturion,  it  is  binding  upon  the  nation.  But  the 
(luestion  still  ivcurs,  icheu  is  it  complete  }  In  the 
case  of  a  treaty  containing  stipulations  merely  execu- 
tive, it  is  complete  when  the  ratifications  are  ex- 
ch.'.ngcd.  In  the  case  of  a  treaty  which  requii-es  a 
legislative  act  lo  give  it  op'^ration,  we  contend  that 
the  l<^g;slativp  sanction  must  be  given  before  it  is 
complete.  Unil  then  it  is  not  a  binding  contract, 
and  the  rights  of  the  third  part}  (die  foreign  power) 
do  not  exist.  Is  it  noi  the  "petitio  principii,"  or  (if 
lh^  g'Mitleman  will  permit  me  to  use  the  vulgar  trans- 
lation) is  it  no;  begging  the  qiieston  to  content!,  that 
bi fore  die  Irgislaiive  sanctif>n  the  contract  is  binding, 
wii  n  die  vf  1)  cjuestion  b.  twe^iU  us  is,  whether  that 
sanction  be  necess  ry  lo  m  ike  it  binding  ? 

Let  it  not  be  said  that  foreign  nations  know  noth- 
ing of  tiiese  constiuidonal  niceties.  Mv  friend 
fi-om  South  Carolina  (Mr.  Lowndes)  has  already 
given  the  proper  answer  to  such  a  suggestion.  The 
foreign  power  wliicli  contracts  with  us  is  hounfi  to 
look  to  the  constitutional  charter  to  sec  that  they 


St^PPLEMEl^T  TO  NUEf "  IJECISTFT?— TREATY  QXJESTICK 


csnti-ftct  n-ith  the  proper   authoritv-     Suppose  the 
treaty  >vere  ratified  by  tiie  p;-e»ideit  vvit'uoui,  .he    .s 
sent  of  the  senate.     Could  tlie  foreign    power  coiii- 
pl.iin  of  broken  faith   because   we  should  refuse    to 
.•ibide  by  il?     Could  it  alleg-e  tha^  it  knew  no  liing-of 
tlie  neces-itv  of  senatorial  nitificauon:   iliat   it   w..s 
no c  verged  ill  the  mysteries  of  o;iP  constitution?   H 
no   menps.     If  a  foreign    power  contr.ic's   withou 
look  in  ii- to    the  autliority  and  constitu'ional    ex'en' 
or'pov.ers  of  those  who  undertake  to  treat  witli  them, 
the  l>ss  be  upon  ihem:     W'-  a'-e  not  to  be  the  <?nfrcr- 
er-      So,  if,  is  we    contend.  r.U    treuies  involving,'- 
lp::;"i'd;'.tive  power  require  Icq;!  lit jvc    rnncunn,  fcr- 
eigTi  powers  nmst  lof-k  to  it,  and  secintjtliat  tlie  ox- 
ec'jiiveare  not   omnipotent  and  have  no   power  to 
bi'id  us  absoUitel}- insiich  cases,  they  must  act  ac- 
cordi:!,£[ly. 

l.etus  in  teslinpr  the  correc'^nes'n  of  tlie  pri'iciple 
♦ximended  f.ron  the  othersideof  the  house,  exam- 
ine moreovei'  w!  etLer  jr  does  not  lead  to  inevitable 
inconsi-tenc;. — T'*  is  asserted  that  a  treaty  is  supe- 
rior to  a  I'.w  in  conflict  with  its  proAMsions,  and  re- 
pe:ds  a  prior  lepislaiive  act  wiiich  is  at  viririncc 
widi  its  stipulations.  Here  t'len  the  tvcuty  inakrng- 
po-u'fr  is  sujierJor  lo  die  laiu.  Yet  it  ij  admiited  tiiat 
cont,'ncss  can  declare  war,  a  prior  treaty  to  the  con 
tr.'.ry  notwithstanding",  and  by  the  act  of  war  anmii 
and  abroEfate  a  treatv.  Here  tlien  the  latv  is  supe- 
rior to  tie  treaty  making  power. — Can  it  at  the  same 
time  be  both  .57//)m'y?-  imdi  inf  rior?  Can  it  be  true 
th.'il  whilst  the  president  and  sen;ite  can  repeal  pre- 
exi.s ting  laws,  the  same  power  which  made  those 
pre-existing  laws,  can  in  its  turn  become  superior, 
and  abrogrtte  the  act  of  tlie  president  and  senate? 
Imposfible!  it  is  .an  inconsistency  that  cannot  be  ;  d- 
jni'te  ;  it  is  a  construction  that  would  beget  unut- 
teri^ble  confusion. 

Bti^  it  is  s^id  by  the  gentleman  from  South  Caroli 
ra,  (Mr.  Calhoun)  tliat  the  .ict  of  declaring  war  is 
ratiur  a  jiidiciil  thiui  a  legislative  act.  I  understand 
litegeiVileip.an's  idea  and  admit  the  ingenuity  of  the 
dis'.inc-ion,  thavigh  it  cannot  avjil  him  in  answer  to 
the  difficulty  1  have  suggested.  1  supnose  the  gen- 
tleman to  mean,  that  in  passitig  an  act  declaring  war 
the  congress  of  the    United  States  express  their  o 

,  pir.ion  inj7/f/j^>j;t'/i;  on  the  state  of  the  relations  be- 
tween this  country  and  its  adversary,  nronounci  i;.' 
that  i^  their  /7fc/^v»c','j/ subsisting  trea'ies  are  bro 
ken  and  that  such  an  act  is  not  to  be  regarded  as 
mere  ordinary  legislation  in  which  the  interest  and 
advaniage  of  the  nation  are  the  cliief  objec's  iri 
Tiew.  S/iould  we  admit  this  sub'.le  distinction, 
does  it  avdid  the  dilHcuIty?  Is  not  the  congress  if 
•possessed  of  the  power  of  declaring  war,  whatever 
be  the  nattire  of  the  act,  superior  to  the  treaty-ma 
king  power  whose  contracts  it  thereby  abro.afates? 
And  does  not  the  question  still  recur,  whetlier  it 
V,an  be  both  superior   and  ini'erior — whether  the    le- 

.  gislative  and  the  treaty  mukitig  power  can  recipro- 
cally and  ad  infinitum  repeal  the  acts  of  e.ic.h  other? 
Such,  Mr.  Speaker,  are  some  of  the  considera  ions 
fin  die  subject  of  tlie  treaty-making  power  whicli 
have  present  (d  theu'selves  "to  mvmind;  and  though 
it  would  not  be  dilliciilt  to  Uike  a  much  mr,re  ex- 
cursive range  on  this  interesting  subject,  yet  I  shall 
leave  to  others  to  do  so  and  proceed  to  the  second 
enquiry  I  proposed  to  myself — Does  the  treaty  lui- 
dcr  consideration  require  legislative  aid  to  effectu- 
ate  its  provisions.'*  it  it  chfy,  gentlemen  on  all  side 
♦>t  the  house  should  concur  in  voting  for  the  bill. 
We  should  do  so,   because  vvcall  believe  it   advia> 

!   J)le  to  carry  the  treaty  into   complete  eDcct;   thos 
on  the  other  side  should  do  so  pecuiiarU,    bec..u.>< 
accofdiig  to  tiieir  doc  lines  they  are  iiior^ly  boiind 


to  legislate  where  the  treaty  requires  legislative 
'lid.  .i//siiould  be  solicHous'to  avoid  the  slightest 
imputation  on  tlie  faith  of  the  nation. 

li'  ever  tliere  was  a  tre^ity  in  which  legislative  aid 
w-^s  necessary,  this  appe.a-s  to  me  ptcu!i;,rly  to  v&» 
quu-e  it.  lis  stipulations  no'  onlv  comjire^end  jub- 
jeccs  wi  bin  the  sphere  of  the  legi^l.tivepover,  but 
those  subjects  of  legislation  which  are  mote  pecu- 
liarly  the  province  o': this  branch  of  the  government. 
AVnether  we  consider  tlie  question  in  relation  to  .he 
peculiar  powers  ofthi?  Iiouse  iii  relation  to  t.ixaUon 
lo  the  pledge  of  f.e  duties  in  que,Mi,.i,  to  the  pub- 
he  credilwi-s,  or  ti>e  particular  providons  of  tiie  in- 
strument, I  can  perceive  no  constisu  ional  means  of 
Ciu-rying  the  cor.vention  into  eifecl  wichout  legisla- 
tiye  co-operati.>n. 

Is  tliere,  I  will  ask,  finy  subject  of  legislation,  Mr, 
Speaker,  in  whictj  thisliuuse  fias  greater  intere.st  or 
■grcaier  constitutional  conirct  than  uhat  whicl.  is  in 
any  wisecoiinected  with  taxation  and  revenue?  Can 
geriilemen  point  out  an,  thiiig  more  iuiportant,  md 
moreinerwoven  witli  all  our  f:;eling3  than  theques- 
».>:•.  "on  wiiat  articles  shall  the  tixes  be  1  i  1,  frj rrl 
uli.at  suiijects  shall  the  necessary  revenues  of  tue 
uovernniei,t  he  raised?"  What  has  produced  in  mis 
house  more  sens.xtion  than  whether  tlie  revenues 
shall  be  raised  from  wldskey,  from  sale  from  mer- 
chandize or  land?  The  objects  of  taxation  are  e- 
quali_\  iinpor.anl  and  interesting  with  the  quantum 
to  be  raised  or  the  approbation  of  it  after  it  has  been 
raised;  and  iruenllemen  admi  that  an  appropriation 
by  his  house  is  necessary  to  efFectu  i*^e  the  provi- 
sions of  a  treaty,  which  engages  that  such  an  anpr«- 
priavion  shall  be  made,  they  must  equally  concede 
tiie  necessity  oi'a  legi'^laiive  act,  wnere  a  treaty  aiT- 
ectsiiie  mode  in  wnich  the  public  burdens  shall  be 
imposed.  And  what  is  the  present  c  bc?  Tie  trea- 
ty engages  th.t  a  part  of  our  revenues  which  we.c 
tieretolore  raised  from  taxes  and  duties  on  British 
ships  shall  be  taken  from  tliem,  and  of  course  sliall 
be  raised  from  other  objects.  As  we  )n;is/ raise  the 
amount,  anil  can  no  longer  derive  i  from  B-iisii 
vessels  we  ;«'«;  draw  it  from  still  taxes  or  land  tax- 
es, or  from  some  otiier  source  which  miglit  be  equal- 
ly disagreeable;  and  thus  althougli  Lliis  house  lias  a 
peculi. a- control  over  such  subjects,  the  president 
and  senate  under  he  construction  given  to  t!ie  con- 
stiiu  ion  by  .some  gealleine.i  in  the  debate,  would 
be  vested  bv  that  insv.ument  wit  i  tiie  monstrous 
power  of  directing  ibis  body  in  what  maniifr  fc.xes 
shall  be  laid.  Tids  cannot  be  true; — this  cannot  be 
the  Isir  inteiprefafion  of  the  instrument.  A  law  ia 
this  case  isthei-elbre  peculiarly  necessary  to  remove 
diose  dudes  which  the  legislative  body  alone  G«n 
impose,  and  alotie  can  abroga;e. 

Tae  necessity  of  legishtive  interference  on  the 
present  occasion  is  yet  more  palpable,  when  we 
turn  our  attcn  ion  to  the  public  creditors.  The  xcvy 
ilu  ies  in  qm  stion  are  pledged  o  hem  for  the  pay- 
ment ot  their  claims,  and  the  nation  itas  solatinlj'- 
engaged  iis  faith  that  they  shall  coiuinue,  un-.il  thft 
debt  is  [laid  of!',  reserving  '.owever  to  cosghess  Cnot 
to  the  presiden-  and  ser.atej  Xhari^ht  to  subs' iute 
others  in  dieir  stead.  Shall  this  power  reserved  by 
the  act  to  co.v(jKEss,  composed  of  all  the  br..nche9  of 
ilie  legislature,  be  exei-d.-^etl  then  by  the  president 
uid  senate  alone?  Shall  they  have  the  authoiit}'' 
vidioutour  acquiescence,  and  ♦^he  powers  reserved 
to  us,  to  sweep  away  the  mortgaged  subject,  and 
break  the  plighted  faiiiit)f  the  nation  vvitii  the  pub- 
lic creditor?  Will  the  gentleni.m  from  South  Caro- 
ilia,  (Mr.  Calhoiu\,)  he  who  lias  .so  strenuoubl\  con/ 
ended  for  the  inviolability  oTcjntr.^cts,  will  iie  as^ 
aume  such  a  pokiuoa?  I  Wi  s«r&  ti*  \yifti  not?-«Bnt 


§() 


m  PFLEiVIi  NT  TO  NTLE&'  REOIPTETl—TIlEAtY  QUESTION. 


if  the  pi-esldent  rrd  senate  l\,')ve  tlie  powers  reserved  to  the  expediency  of  legislating  at  all  upon  t'lC  suH' 
to  congress  of  iakivg  ojf  \ho%G  dulics  :it  their  discre-  ject.  I  am  of  opinion,  Mr.  .Speaker,  said  Mr.  5'>  thiit 
tion,  liave  ihcv  also  tl'e  power  of  making  tlie  sub-,  il  is  not  a  treaty  until  ii  shall  have  been  saiaciioiied 
8titu':e,  and  of  layhig  the  taxes  which  are  to  supply  j  by  the  congress  of  tiie  Uniied  Slates,  by  a  Ie^;iiiiativc 
their  place  ?  If  'iiey  ha^•c — then  is  ttte  constitutional    act,  to  carry  it  into  ett'ect. 

power  of  ibis  house  gone  forever, — If  they  have  not,  I  The  precedent  about  to  be  established,  on  the  prcs- 
then  they  have  the  power  oi'  brc;  king  the  plighted    ent  occasion,  was,  ot  all  otliers,  the  most  favon.ijie  to 


faitii  ot  tlie  nation  ai'.d  annulling  tlie  i.iortgage  we 
liave  given  to  our  creditors.  F.ilher  alternative  is 
so  pregnant  wiih  Tnischief,  that  we  must  renounce 
the  coostruction  wliicli  leads  to  it,  and  ackno\\  ledge 
tliCTitcessity  of-llie  arencv  o*"f(ix(;uKss,  under  tlie 
provisions  of  the  h'W  I  iiave  quoted,  to  abolish  du- 
ties which  have  been  solemni;,  pledged  to  tlieircre- 

tli''^i  ■^■ 

When  v.elcok  to  theprnvi>-ions  of  the  convention 
ilseU'we  cannot  doubi  1  conceive  of  the  necessity  of 
tliebill  before  vou.  AVhat  does  the  convention  pro- 
vide.' that  the  duties  on  American  and  British  bot- 
toms wh.icii  are  votv  nneqiiai,  shall  he  e(piallzeil: — 
And  can  tins  equali.\  only  be  efiected  in  one  mode 
— b^  iakivg  ojf  thcjtc'fl'iionai  ten  per  cent,  on  Brit- 
isi;  ships'' €r.rr.ot  :,n  equalization  be  equally  effected 
l)^  nishig  the  du'tes  on  American  ships  1o  tlie  pres- 
ent duties  on  BiJilsh  vessel.-.'  And  have  we  not 
even  tliepoorprivilege  of  deriding  which  of  the  al- 
ternatives shall  be  adopted?  Does  the  treaty  ma- 
king ].ow<-r  (hav  'o  it  this  power  also?  Because  the 
pies-ident  and  senateliave  boimd  tlie  nation  to  effect 
tin  object  in  ove  of  iivo  ways,  have  .'7*(y  also  the  pow- 
er oi  declaring  -awuc/i  of  the  two  sltall  be  adopted,  to 
the  exclusioii  of  the  iegi;-.la,ive  power  of  tlds  house.' 
Impossible.  If  we  liave  not  th.e  right  Movy,  we  never 
can  have  it  f.crcafter;  and  tccording  to  this  idea  con- 


tlie  security,  or  pernicious  in  tlie  ex  reme  to  the  /it- 
ture  liberties  of  the  Anserican  people. 

What  are  the  powers  by  the  constitution  deiega. 
ted  to  congress.'  And  what  are  those  delegated  to 
the  treaa-making  power?  In  adverting  to  the  con- 
stitution it  will  be  found,  that  "all  legislative  pn\v. 
crs  are  vested  in  a  congress  of  the  United  Sui'cs, 
wldch  shall  consis.  of  a  senate  and  jiouse  of  repre- 
sei'ijitives."  "The  congress  siiall  have  power  to 
regulate  commerce  with  forci,.^-n  nations."  Sure  y, 
theii,tliis  power  is  not.  gr.4n:  td  lo  any  other  authoii- 
yy.  Il  cannot  be  given  to  t\\  o  separate,  distinct  and 
i.idependent  authorities.  If  it  is  given  to  congres.s, 
it  is  not  given  to  tlie  treaty-making  power,  to  the 
exclusion  of  congress:  it  may  be  given  to  bo  h  to  act 
in  concert:  it  is  not  given  to  the  one,  to  act  to  tlie 
excluaon  of  the  other.  Tins  is  a  government  of 
laws;  it  is  not  a  government  bv  compacts,  by  con- 
ventions, or  by  treaties  concluded  independent  of 
the  powers  of  congrc.'^.s,  in  violation  of  the  consti- 
tution, and  beyond  tjie  control  ol  the  supreme  au- 
thority of  the  laml,  the  sovereignty  of  this  n.^lion. 
Wh.at  is  tlie  present  convention?  It'  is  "a  convention 
to  regulate  commerce  between  the  territories  of  the 
Uniied  States  and  his  Britaniiic  majesty;"  il  istiien 
un  agreement  upon  the  face  of  it  "to  regulaie   com- 

Tiie  president  "lias 


mercewith  a  foreign  nation. 


gress  can  never  lay  «/<(/ additional  duties  on  tonnaf-e,  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
'liowever  equal  in  their  oppera'.ion,  because  a  p:.ra-  senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two  thirds  o.  the 
rrx^ni'  pov,  er  (the  president  and  senate)  have  decla-  senators  preseni  concur."  It  is  not  ordained  in  this 
red  that  under  this  treaty,  the  extra  duties  shall  be  clause  of  the  constitution,  that  such  treaties  ai-e 
taken  off.  '  made  "und?r    die  authoril}"ot  the  United  States, 

I  conclude  thcref(^re,  ^Fr.  Spe:  kcr,  tiiat  Tor  tlie  nor  that  a  treaty  dius  made,  sliall  "be  the  supreme 
j-easons  I  liave  offered,  oin- :  id  as  a  legislative  body||iWof  iheland."  It  vvt)uld  be  iiidted  extraoidinarv, 
is  necessar\  on  the  jirestnt  rceasion,  and  that  thej  if  the  des  inies  and  liber  ies  oi  tliis  i;ation  were  io 
bill  befi;re  the  hoiis-e  sdiotdd  he  passed.  I  am  ready  ,  '"tst  upon  tlie  will  of  the  r  cuty  foi-jiiing  power:  I  say 
to  luve  that  aid  and  to  vote  for  tf.e  p:  ssage  of  the  bill  treaty  forming  ]jower,  because  it  is  but  another  ex- 
Ijecause  T  belitve  it  will  be  advant ag<\jus  to  the  na-  pressioii  to  convey  a  correc.  idea, 
tion,  and  becaiise  I  apprehend  tiiat  widiout  such  an  j  A  power  comp(;scd  (as  tlie  case  might  happen) 
act  the  treaty  mtss'  ei'ilierrem:un  unexecuted,  or  tliej  ot  the  executive  and  thirteen  DPnator.-j,  a  less  num- 
■cxccutive  niiist  assutne    to  itself  powers  whick  arej  L»«i"  hy  far  than  a  majority  oftiiat  hc.noruble  body;  a 


Tiot  within  it.s  prcvince. 

J\fr.  Eastnn  said,  lie  had  intended  yesterday  to 
deliver  his  sentiments  in  relation  to  the  subject  mat- 
ter of  the  biil  upon  wf.icu  the  voteof  the  house  was 
about  to  pass;  not  having  then  been  so  fortunate  as 
to  g;tin  the  floor,  he  now  had  tisen  to  advocate  its 
passage,  and  for  that  purpose,  lieggedthe  indtdgence 
oftheliouse;  he  asked  not  only  tiie  indulgence,  bu- 
"the  attem  ion  of  the  hou.se  to  the  arguments  he  v\^as 
about  to  urge  upon  tlie  occasion.  He  consiilercd  the 
passage  oi'  tlie  bill  ver\  important,  as  it  regarded  the 
powers,  under  the  constiiUiion,  deleg-ated  to  con- 
gress; the  powers  delegated  to  tlie  pi-esident  and 
senate;  the  powers  delegated  to  t',>e  courts  of  justice; 
and  hiiihh'  importar.t  as  it  regarded  the  rights  and 
liber  ies  of  the  people  of  this  nation. 

He  appreiiended  very  injmious  consequences 
snight,  at  some  futureperiod,  result  to  the  nation  by 
a  conirary<5ourse.  The  convention  being  reciprocal 
and  beneficial,  it  was  tlie  avowed  intention  nud  de- 
sire oi  all  i)arties  to  carry  it  into  effect.  It  had 
been  said,  by  gentlemen  on  both  sides  of  the  house, 
that  ihe  convention  was,  of  itself,  the  supreme  law 
«f  the  hind,  "wliilst  a  majorit\  had  inclined  to  the  o- 
pinion  Jiat  legi  L''ive  provisions  are  necessary  to 
,"5ivc  it  force  aitd  efficiency,  Uiou^h  sOHie  doubted a» 


power  specially  given  to  one  authori.y,    under  "the 
constitution,    cannot  be    cons, rued   to"  be  given   to 
.inotlier;  such  a    construction  would  introduce   into 
tlie  governmental  irregularity,  and    an  inconsisten- 
cy laial  to  its  harmony,  and    destruc  ive  in   its   con- 
sequences.    The  prcsidcni  lias  a  qualified  negative 
upon  tiie  laws  of  congress;  the  senate  are  a  part  of 
congress,     is  not  the  re..,ulation  o  commerce  trust- 
ed to  the  proper   authority?    Is  it  not  in  safe  hands? 
Will  you — can  you  treat  ilie  auhori  v  given  to  con- 
gres.s,   by    the  constiuiiion,  'Uo  regulate  commerce" 
as  a  dead  letter? 

If  this  construction  prevails,  is  the  treaty  made 
ivit/wut  the  concurrence  of  tlie  president  and  senate? 
Siiail  JL  be  binding  wichout  the  assen  of  congress? 
If  that  assent  is  given,  i.  is  a  treaty  made  under  the 
authority  of  tlie  Uiu;ed  States.  lf"ii  is  withheld,  it 
is  a  .reaiy  made  under  die  authority  of  the  pres.dent 
and  senate,  and  not  a  treaty  made  under  the  authori- 
ty of  the  United  States.  I  shotdd  regret,  and  wiio 
are  the)  that  would  not  regret,  to  see  tiie  autlioi  ity 
and  desdnies  of  tnis  nation  placed  in  the  hands  of 
an  execuiive  and  a  senate? 

li  the  tiea  \ -making  power  possess  the  authority 
to  mrke  commercial  and  other  regulations,  they 
may  go  ou  xeguliitir.j^  tiU  they  wilj,  have  regulated 


ii^rpPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  QUESTION*. 


^ 


p-.'i  icin'e  as  sound 


%'\s  hriinch  of  the  f^-overnnnent  (the  house  of  repre- 
sc.-Ajihe  ")  oir  ofltn  whole  wei-,nit  ofinijacuce  iipoii 
the  coiiucils  of  the  iiation;  their  atithoi-ity  will  be- 
coin.e  a  iT'.e'.-c  atrte  blanch^,  to  be  filled  up  hs  the  trea- 
tv-ni-ki-i;,-  powt^-p  maj'  tiunk  proper  to  ilirtate  or  di- 
reci .  Con^rc'is  mav  rejnjlate commerce  in  c)ne  nian- 
iier;  llie  pre^k'eiit'and  senate,  at  their  pleasure, 
eh.'.iifj-e  *h.iit.rc.:;;da:ioii. 

V.  is  a  covreci  principle,  that  subsequent  laws,  in- 
t-rviimont  rt'it.'if.rm'jr  laws,  repeal  such  furmer  laws, 
rule  wlich  cmiiot  be  controver'ed.  It  is  h 
nd  potent  as  the  eternal  princi- 
])ic- o^j  iitice.  Put  ihe  question  to  be  decided  is, 
when  does  a  troa^v  become  a  law,  when  has  it  effic  .- 
e  •  as  siicli,  and  w.sen  sliall  i^  be  bindiniJ:  as  the  su- 
pi-eine  auihoritv  I* 'the  nation?  Two  separate  and 
ni«*ir,c?  le<risl:itive  authorities,  independent  of  eac'i 
o.her,  possessi.ic;  equal  power,  canno'  in  one  and  the 
saniep^'ueraineoL  <  vist  to  (etiier.  That  is,  if  the 
exccuive  una  seaaic  alone  can  leg'islate,  it  is  per- 
fectly id'e  to  veil  t'-e  !ei,^islative  authority  in  con- 
gress. "A  hoisedivi  ledasfainst  itself  cmnot  stand." 
Co'ipcress  divided  atj-dnst  itself  must  fall.  Conj^ress 
lur.e  po-.ver,  or  tliey  liave  not  power,  to  lefi^islaie.  li 
Ihcv  d  )  possess  t'se  whole  power  of  leg'islation  g'ran- 
ted  under  tlie  corns', itition,  of  wliich  there  cannot 
Tse  a  q;:e  it  ion,  it  f)ili"vsas  a  cenaiii  and  inc;)n(ro- 
re:  tilde  conchisioi,  t!at  the  president  and  senate 
:;lone  formin.-  oidy  two  branches  of  the  leg-islativc 
:iuthoritv  of  tlus  jioveriunent  acting- in  their  e.xccu- 
tive  Clique! ;ies,  as  r.eccisarily  tliey  must  do  in  ne- 
g-ociatin,:^  treaties,  do  not  possess  authority  to  leg'is- 
late independent  of  the  iiouse  of  representatives,  the 
i;nmediHte  representatives  of  the  people;  the  people 
h.ave  not  t-Tinted  such  power. 

It  would  he  admitted,  he  presumed,  that  ours  is 
the  besit  consMtition  ar.d  g-overnment  'liere  below,' 
that  it  is  the  best  to  be  f  lund  among  die  nauons  of 
the  eartli.  It  mav  emphatically  be  stiled  a  consti 
tution  of  checks  and  balances;  the  senate  in  its  legis- 
lative capacity  is  a  check  upon  the  house  of  repre- 
sen'^atives;  the  president  upon  the  congress.  T  icre 
must  be  a  concurrcxe  according  to  the  provicons 
of  tlic  constitution  to  form  a  law,  and  laws  m'lst  be 
made  before  they  can  ba  executed:  in  the  executive 

.  and  treaty-making  capacity  of  the  president  and 
senate,  the  house  of  representatives,  v>ith  the  con- 
stitution in  their  hand,  hold  a  check;  a  treaty  can- 
not become  tliesupremelaw  of  the  land  wliich  is  in- 
consistent Mdththe  con-itiUrion  or  tlie  powers  dele- 
gated to  congres   by  the  constitution. 

"The  jn-esident  sliall  nominate,  and  by  and  with 
the  advice  of  tlie  senate,  shall  appoint  ambassadors, 
©ther  public  ministers  and  consuls;"  suppose  the\- 
should  appoint  "swarnis  of  officers"  needless  and 
unnecessary.  The  appointments  are  complete,  llie 
lofficers  are  made;  tlieyhoUl  the  seals  of  office  under 
the  authority  of  tlie  constitution;  they  areoflicers 
to  all  intends  and  purposes,  they  are  cbmmissioned 
■Tinder  tlie  au'Jr)vlt;;  if  the  United  StateSy\.\\t\\-  iinf)o'mX- 
ments  do  r.ot  infrin;,^e  any  right  or  trespass  upon 
any  authority  delegated  to  congress,  nnd  yet  in  mv 
humhla  opinion,  c  mgress,  would  not  be  bound  in 
lionor,  or  otherwise,  to  sanct?on  such  a  proccdu'-e 
bv  ori'cin.iling  an  appropriation  bill  for  the  oututs 
and  expenditures  of  such  ofhcers.  Congreisaro  not 
bound,  nor  is  the  nation  bound,  nor  are  die  conrts  of 
justice  bouild,  to  consider  a  treaty  as  tlie  law  of  tiic 
'land, 'id  that  law  ha.s  been  made  under  the  authori- 

■  ty  only  competent  to  make  lau's   for  the   people  o'' 
this  nation  to  wit:  tlie  congress  of  the  United  .States- 
It  has  been  contended  that  the  treaty  repeals  the 

-slliscriminating  duties,  and   it  being  concerning  af- 

>  i^irs  wholly  intgriyitionftl,  that  Uifciei^ illative  acts  wf 


this  government  operate  whollv  internally,  and  can- 
not reach  or  afiect  the  domc-stic  or  iii'ernal  regnlr.-^ 
tions  of  the  foreign  naiior.;  th  t  Ihe  convention 
therefore  is  a  compact,  and  i  s  subject  matter  a  con- 
tract to  which  the  legislative  au*horrtvof  this  coun- 
try cannot  extend.  I  admit,  ssid  Mr.  E.  that  all 
treaties  when  completed  and  r:irried  into  effect  by- 
the  supreme  autliority  of  a  state  or  kingdorn,  are- 
compacts,  iiiid  form  a  part  o''  the  law  of  nation?, 
but  this  nation  i-;  not  bound  bv  a  contract  to  wliicU 
It  has  not  pfiven  its  assent;  the  senate  do  not  gi)  a- 
broad,  nor  do  tliey  negnciate  the  terms  of  a  treaty  at 
home;  to  an  honorable  and  bencHcial  treatv,  tlie  as- 
sent of  congress  and  of  tins  honorable  honse  is  a-*- 
easily  obtained  us  that  of  the  senate:  in  ordinary 
legislation  committees  repoi-t  bids,  they  go  to  dif- 
terent  re-idings,  according  to  the  rules  pj-escribed. 
by  the  diflferent  branc  es  of  the  les^islature,  are  re- 
jected, or  finally,  with  the  approlrition  of  the  presi- 
dent, p'iss  into  laws,  and  become  binding  on  the  na- 
tion. The  president  has  no  legi-^lative  authority 
strictly  so  speakltig,  and  vet  nn  h\\\  can  become  u 
law  without  Ins  assen',  but  by  the  consent  of  twcP 
tuirds  of  both  liouses  of  congress. 

There  is  no  expression  in  the  constitution  thatr 
authorizes  the  senate  to  ratify  a  treatv,  tlie  phi-iise 
used  by  the  constitution  is,  to  make  treaties.  The 
question  is,  when  shall  a  treaty  he  said  to  me  made  ? 
ministers  and  envoys  extr.aorJinirr  are  appointed- 
and  commiss;ioned  to  agree  upon  the  terms  of  a 
treaty;  they  meet  the  foreign  embassv  in  conven- 
tion, they  conclude  a  treaty:  tlie  convention  witli 
Great  Brit.ain  was  conchided  on  the  third  d  ly  of  Ju- 
ly, one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  it  was 
then  moulded,  it  was  not  then  made,  altliough  in 
common  parlance  it  is  said  to  have  been  made.  It 
was  like  dougli  unbaked.  It  will  riot  be  bre-id  nil 
it  is  baked.  'I  lie  treaty  is  forwarded  to  the  presi- 
dent: if  he  disapproves  of  it,  he  returns  it  to  tliose 
who  framed  it;  if  he  likes  it,  he  submits  it  to  the- 
senate;  if  they  approve  of  it,  it  is  ratified;  i'  is- 
then  said  to  be  made.  But  it  is  not  yet  completed 
under  the  authority  of  tlie  United  States;  it  is  only 
a  treaty  s?:6  modo;  it  is  not  a  treaty  in  effed.  It 
does  not  become  the  property  of  the  nati'-n  till  it 
sh.dl  have  received  the  sanction  of  the  national  con- 
sent, through  the  organs  of  the  national  will.  The 
consiitution  does  not  declare  tliat  a  treatv  made,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  shalt 
be  the  sup;  erne  law-  of  the  land-  It  does  not  say  that 
a  treaty  .so  C')nchided,  so  ratified,  so  iTi*le,  or  wiiut- 
soever  you  may  please  to  term  i*^,  is  made  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States.  It  cannot  be  a  trea- 
ty  till  it  shall  have  received  the  sancion  of  the  na- 
tional authoriy  imder  the  constitu'ion;  when  it 
sliall  liave  received  that  sancticn,  it  is  then,  aitd  not; 
;  ill  then,  a  treatv  made  under  the  constitution  and 
under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  such  a  trea- 
ty made  under  tlieir  authority,  to-  whicli  tiie  judi- 
cial power  shall  extend.  Ttiey  are  treaties  only 
made  imder  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
which  are  declared  to  be  tlie  snpreme  law  of  the 
land  by  the  constitution,  and  whidi  the  judges  in 
every  state  are  bound  to  obev;  forex.ample;  it  might 
be  said,  that  a  piece  of  parcliment  iii  printed  form 
of  a  commission,  filled  out  with  tlie  name  of  the  in- 
cumbent,  and  sign  manual  of  the  executive  sidi- 
.'jcribed  to  it,  is  a  commission;  and  yet  it  is  not  a 
commission  under  the  authority  of  the  U.  St.des, 
until  the  proper  seal  sliall  be  thereto  set,  and  afflv 
ed  in  due  form  of  law. 

Sir,  the  present  convention  is  a  commercial  regti- 
lation,  wiiich  intcr'cres  with  the  powers  expressly 

delegated  t<»tUe  Ic^isUuve  aaUu^atyjiuul  Uievstotiii 


m 


supi>LE:^iEN:r  to  n]Lv:s'  KEGiSTF.r!— treaty  question. 


fnust  receive  llic  '.c?riwl;i<ive  sanction,  t'le  oonfirma-i 
li();i  of  c m^i'os-,,  Ijcroie  i;  can  he  bi'idiny;  '>'i  'iK?' 
people  (>' thi^  nition;  ind  wi/liout  w'liicii,  i'  is  :m'J 
fotiipetent  to  tlie  prcsiJciit  iuid  seiTi'e,  or  tw  ikeju-i 
dicial  a'Jtliori'v,  to  eo+brcc. 

Tl.e  constitminn  expresslv  orrl.Ains,  that  "co..- 
ffess  shall  have  power  to  make  all  Vaws  which  sIaI! 
he  iiece.ssarv  aiul  nroperfo!'  c;'.r  vine^  into  execution 
aM  Do\rer'i  vested  h,- (he  coitsiitutioii  in  t'-e  (i-ovei-u- 
rrent  of  the  TTnitedS' :,tes,  or  in  any  denar'. me.it  < 
office  thei'e-.f"  No  department  or  officer  comin;^ 
in  contact  with  the;3ov.-ers  de'.ej^ated  to  co-ye^re-js  bv 
tlie  constitution,  have  anihoritv  under  tiie  i»'ovem 
^  nen1:,  and  itwoiddb'?  a  solecism  to  sav  v-'c  hive 
g'oveiniiien;  under  tlie  constimtion,  indi^j)ende;it  of 
fonpre-js.  This  constitution  can  do  no  i'ljnry  to 
onr  repidjiican  iiisliintion:  it  may  be  produc'ive  of 
iniich  sfood;  i!  is  placlnsr  it  bevond  tl^e  reach  of  the 
tre  .tv-m,^kin.e;  poiver;  to  repeal  ti<is  treaty  by  ma- 
kins'-  another  no  inconvenience  v.ill  result,  as  two 
thirds  oi'i'ie  sen  :*e  hive  concrrcd  in  approyiny 
of  it;  and  I  should  presume  tiiere  can  fieno  ohsvacle 
to  *lie  n.issajTe  of  the  hiil  in  that  honorable  bod". 

I  pe'ceive,  sir,  said  Mr  E.  by  a  bill  novv  on  the 
'table,  that  t!ie  senate  propose  to  dechire  by  ^ct  o'" 
congress,  "that  so  Triuch  of  anv  actor  ^cts  as  is  con- 
tr.rv  to  tiie  pi-ovisions  of  the  conven'ion,  sh  dl  be 
deemed  and  uiken  +o  be  of  no  force  o  •  e'Fect."  If 
tiie'reiity  is  a  law,  and  as  such,  bindin<^  upon  the 
nation,  the  passanreof  siich  a  bill  is  whollv  unneces- 
sar\-,  upon  the  principle  thatsub^eque  i  la'vs  reneal 
former  1  .w^s.  in  all  C'  e-;  where  thev  a'-e  inconsistent 
wi  h  e.'ch  otlier;  a^d  why  are  t'.vo  thirds  of  tlie  se- 
nate I'eqiired  to  make  a  treaty?  it  would  appear  'o 
ine  that  an  this  house  have  not  the  power  to  ueg'o- 
ci<te  a  tre.'tv,  it  would  be  scarcely  proper  th  it  it 
should  b;-  c  died  upon  to  discuss  one,  that  two  thirds 
of  the  senate  present,,  would  no*  deem  beneficid 
jiud  honorable  to  the  comitrv.  If  a  contrary  con- 
Sti-uction  shall  prevail,  and  it  shall  be  determiued 
th.at  .">  treaty  mude  and  anproved  by  the  president 
f.nd  seiiite,  is  of  iiself  the  supreue  hiw  of  the  land, 
then  indeed  can  thev  lep;'islate,  then  indeed  can  the 
1  etruUte  comme  ce,  and  t!ie  supreme  i  u'horitv  will 
he  n!  ced  in  the  hands  of  the  executive;  the  senate, 
end  the  courts  of  justice,  wlio  may  also  leji'lsh'-te 
•without  the  aid,  and  be\'ondthe  control  ofcoiigress, 
make  contracts,  and  carry  in*o  effect  treaties,  how- 
eve- odious  tliey  maybe  to  tlie  people,  or  to  their 
i'mmedi  ite  representatives;  this  mav  be,  I  do  not 
sa'  i*  ■^ill  be.  die  efl'ect  of  this  monstrous  treaty - 
jn.ikirir  power. 

Conn-ress  mav  decl  tre  war;  no  authority  is  ex- 
pressly ^-iven  by  the  const  i'utio'i  to  makepeace;  if 
9nv  treaty  would  be  !)inding',  made  indenendent  o'' 
the  leg-islative  authoritv,  lie  was  inclined  to  betiev(- 
it  v.-ould  be  a  treaty  of  pe.tce,  and  vet  *his  would 
only  form  one  exception;  it  would  be  a  treaty  not 
fiiif^inst  the  provisions  of  any  .article  of  the  constitu- 
tion, as  the  power  is  not  delei^aied  to  any  other 
hr.uicii  of  tiie  .covernment;  i;  becomes  the  evlu- 
Mive  jirovlnce  of  thet'-eatv-m  ikiny  power,  and  •loe'i 
not  req-iire  a  law  to  g-ive  it  vnlidi  y,  or  to  carry  it 
Jnjo  e'fect:  it  is  a  treaty  made  under  the  authorirv 
of  the  Uni;  cd  States.  The  great  oljjccts  in  P,-oing- 1(, 
war,  are  the  protection  of  the  national  ri^Uts,  i-.k] 
to  secure  an  honorable  peace;  such  a  peace  would 
be  acquiesced  in  bv  common  consent;  and  the  pow- 
•r  to  make  peace  is  not  a  dangerous  power — it  iu 
suited  to  the  trust  of  th."  executive  alone,  who 
■would  have  authority,  being  the  commandei-  in  chie 
•  f  the  whole  military,  io  carry  it  into  effect.— 
Hut  it    is  periec'Jy  idle  to  talk  of  authority    to  d 

ttu5,  tla.1,  Of  tU©  Other  Uiing,  under  oujr  0«n^tuUux4, 


and  form  of  government,  without  power  to  cnrr>. 
that  authority  into  elTect.  Tiie  power  to  act  under 
Ihf;  cmsiiiutioM.  is  evidence  of  a  ri;.';iit  to  net,  and 
^o  jci:  with  eiTect.  The  cons'itution  shotdd  be  con- 
strued to  harmonise  all  its  p.irts,  and  the  construc- 
'ion  whicli  lie  luirl  given  would  pro'luce  suc!i  iv>r- 
monv.  It  is  un-iecessarv,  and  ■-vould  he  improper  in 
congress  lo  lefislate  upon  the  treaty  to  give  it  v  con- 
stniction  tii:it  belongs  to  another  auMiorl  y,  to  the 
courts  o'' judicature,  any  construe,  ion  cong-eis 
might  give  iL  would  no'  be  binding  upon  t)ie  coiivcsi 
>  et  every  member  who  legislates  upon  a  treaty 
must,  in  making  up  his  opinion,  vviielher  to  carry  it 
into  effect  or  not.  give  it  his  own  construction,  ia 
order  to  form  such  opinion  correc  ly. 

In  the  6ch  ;irticle  of  the  consti.vition  it  is  declar. 
el,  that  the  "constitutiiin,  and  'he  hrvs  of  the  U  lit- 
ed  States  which  shall  be  m:ide  in  pursuance  tnei'eof, 
liud  all  articles  wlucli  shall  be  made  under  the  au- 
tiiorily  of  the  Uni  ed  States,  .sliall  be  the  sup^-cine 
law  of  the  land,  and  the  judges  in  every  siate  shall 
he  bound  tlierebv."  Wiiat  is  tiie  autliority  of  the 
United  Stale-;.''  tlie  constitution  and  will  of  thepco- 
ole  expressed  througli  their  retiresenlatives  in  \\\e 
congress  of  the  United  Suites;  tlie  legislative  au- 
tioi-ity  of  the  nation  is  that  authority,  without 
wliichno  law  or  treaty  cm  '^ecome  the  supreme  l.iW 
of  the  land.  .\n  individual  orBcer,  a  judge,  a  mar- 
shal, or  a  justice  of  t!ie  pe  ice,  mav  -ict  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States,  so  lo;ig  as  he  keeps 
himself  within  the  pile  of  the  consii'.nti'vvd  llniits, 
^.nd  the  laws  o"  the  United  States  enjoini  -^^  "he  du- 
ties to  be  by  iiim  pertormcd.  T  .e  cons.iiuioii  ia 
the  paramount  law,  but  without  the  ail  of  congress 
r<  becomes  intjpe-ative.  .\  person  may  possess  tl-,e 
faculty  to  play  upon  an  org,-.n,  but  if  he  his  hot  that 
instrament  lie  d,)es  not  posses -i  either  the  power  .•)r 
the  mctiis  to  pliy  upon  it.  T  le  pre'^i'l^nt,  by  -ne 
constitution,  sh  dl  be  con  mander  in  chic  '  o-'  t'.e  :^r- 
mv  and  navy,  when  called  into  the  service  o*'  die 
United  States;  but  he  cannot  command,  i'"  tuere 
'■hall  noT  be  anv  army  or  navy  called  into  the  service 
of  t   e  United  States. 

"The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  car, es  in 
law  and  equity,  arising  under  the  constitution,  the 
1  ws  of  the  United  States  and  the  treaties  wliicli 
h  11  be  made  under  their  authority."  If  the  words 
"under  their  authority"  had  been  omitted,  their 
powers  woidd  not  have  been  construed  to  extend  <• 
foreign  treaties.  Hence  the  judicial  power  cannot 
cu-ry  itito  effect  a  treaty  not  made  under  the  autho- 
rity of  the  constitution  and  iaws  of  tlie  United 
States;  a  law  is  as  necessary  to  the  validity  of  a 
treaty  as  theconstituti;);i  itself. 

He  did  not  v.'ish  to  be  understood,  that  a  law  i* 
necessary  in  all  cases  to  the  vali-li'V  of  a  treaty;  lie 
mean  to  extend 'it  only  to  cases  where  a  treaty 
woidd  contravene  the  powe;rs  delegated  tu  congress. 
[f  tiie  coiistitutioa  itself  gives  authority  to  make- 
the  treatiy,  the  treaty  thus  made  becoines  the  su- 
preme law  of  the  land;  the  julges  in  every  state 
sh.dl  be  beund  thereby,  and  ilie  judicial  power  of 
'he  United  Stales  shall  extend  to"  it;  but  a  treaty 
.lot  thus  made  cannot  be  carried  into  execution  by 
lie  judicid  authorit',';  thev  certainly  woidd  not  ad- 
judge a  treaty  to  be  made  under  the  authoriiv  of 
he  United  States,  when  the  treaty  is  made  in  dero- 
ffation  of  that  authorit\;  he  spoke  of  the  authority 
expressh'  delegated  to  congress. 

Suppose  a  reaty  made  on  a  subject  not  prohibit- 
ed, noriJermitted  by  the  constitution,  as  in  the  cuse 
of  the  treaty  for  the  purciiase  of  the  province  of 
Louidana;   tha:  power  is  no;  expressly  delegated  to 

iujj  rtuUitu-it;,  u^^-  utc  wii»Ut,uU0'%  iwr  it  is   JS;  ;. 


-StrPLEMr-KT  TO  NIT.KS'  TlKniSTKil— TREATY  QUEST^OX 


Sim. 


1>Klilcn;  the  consfilulion  is  silent;  one  of  the  c.on- 
fli  i  jyis  of  \\,e  C')tM\rdCt  is  ior  the  payriieiit  oT 
1 'i.'jiX^Ou' J  of  dollars  to  F"  nice;  l!ie  convenlifm  is 
r.;lific;l;  i:-,C'  niar.ey  is  not  j)..id;  is  it  then  a  treaty? 
'.-.  Is  ivit.  i  hfcCi);oes  a  rir.lii;y  ii"  tne  money  Is  with- 
heiii;  imt,  .■'.cc.>"c{in^  to  li:e  urf^ninent  of  >oiiie  f^en- 
tlemc/.,  it  is  i>  tre.itv,  iuid  tlie  supreme  luw  of  tlie 
l.i-.id;  .ind  vet  ii  is  not  a  lie  ity;  -.md  so,  i  is  a  trei- 
'iv,  audit  is  not  a  trcutv:  suppose  the  money  puid, 
j'  is  then  atreatv,  and  not  ill  .!icn  iu's  it  received 
ti-.c  s;inclioii  of  the  ie;;■i^!.>tive  a.idi  .rit'{  nnder  the 
cor.stii'ition,  and  becomes  the  supreriie  l.iv.':  the 
treaty  contain-i  a  sUpMi..Lion  dut'  ti  e  iniiabilants 
ci-.all  he  adiiii  ed  into  'iie  luiinn  It  is  the  sujirenie 
l;;v.'  of  the  land,  and  yet  the  courts  aie  not  enal^le'i 
to  c:uTy  tliat  cl..iir-.e  of  .' e  re'tv  info  effec' :  it  re- 
Ctsires  farilier  leeislaiive  i),  ovisioMs. 

H  has  bee!!  said,  .sir,  that  '-e  p  esident  lias  ratin- 
erl  the'conveu  ion  wilii  (ireat  Biit^in,  tju-t  it  has 
been  appioved  ofby  the  sem-.te;  and  sx'ni  forth  to  the 
)nihlic  bv  a  proclHnii.tion  as  a  ti-eaty,  and  if  i  is  no'. 
a  ii-e'.'v  the  presideni  kiiowo  not  what  he  is  about. 
Sir,  sLid  -Mr.  E.  the  president  does  know  what  he  is 
,  a--ou;:  ih.-.t  wise,  iineiii-.-en*  and  upris;:!)'  ciief"  ma- 
ilisti'j  o,  wiio  iias  io'ijv  enjosed  tlieco'iiideace  of  his 
nation,  '.Viis  a  member  of  \i:e  convcmioa  v/ho  framed 
the  '.•ons'iuitjon, iwidersiiinds  t'ne  nbject  correcilv; 
ill  ids  cornmunicujon  of  ti  e  treaty  "o  tlie  sen.ite  md 
iiojseo!  repiesentaiives,  on  the  2jd  day  of  Decem- 
ber last,  he  says,  "1  Iny  before  conure.-^s  copies  of  :. 
j);  'cianiiiiion  notif.  inj''  tiie  c  Mivenf ion  concluded 
v.i'ii  G.  Biitain,  on  the  3ddiy  of  July  las',  and  that 
tiie  ^ame  has  been  diilv  ratified:  and  1  recommend 
to  cong-ress  .such  le.uislative  |>«>vi&ions  as  tlie  con 
veniion  may  call  for  on  ihe  part  of  the  Uniied 
Stales. 

lie  who  he!f5ed  to  make  the  constitnuon  recom- 
mends to  congres.s  leij'islative  provi,.i;}ns  ip  relation 
to  tn.is  treat},  and  such  as  it  may  call  for,  on  the 
pari  of  the'Uniied  Siates." 

T.he  principles  for  'vidcl,  1  contend,  Mr.  speaker, 
S;  id  Mr.  E  are  brief!-'-  M->ese:  a  trea'v  thoi;g-li  made 
lias  ■  ot  force,  and  cannoi  be  suld  to  be  made  iindei-  the 
ntiUoiud  aiuhority,  wi'lioiit  a  law  of  co-ii^^-ress  j'-ivi'ig' 
it  tliat  authority,  or  to  cisrrv  it  into  eifect:  tliat  is, 
in  all  rases  where  the  treaty  in  its  provisions  inter 
feres  with,  or  con'ravenes  im'  of  the  powers  ex- 
pressly deleg-ated  to  tlie  leg-islative  aiithori;y,  or 
wiiere  from  tne  nature  of  the  .reaty  itself  it  reejuires 
legishitive  provision;  but  if  the  treaty  is  not  made 
contrary  to  the  provi.-,ion.s  of  tlie  consul iition,  and 
does  not  contrivene  any  of  the  powers  delep^ated  to 
epnfriess,  and  is  of  the  description  that  ii  can  be  car 
tied  into  effect  by  the  president  alone,  or  bv  tiie  pre- 
sident and  senate,  or  by  thej-idicial  authority,  wiih- 
O'.ii  tiie  aid  of  con.a^ress,  ief^islation  in  taich  cases 
becomes  wholly  useless;  treaties  thus  made  are  the 
supreme  law  of  'die  land,  which  every  ciUzcn  U 
bound  to  respect  antl  lo  obey. 

"'^fr.  I'inLacy  said,  he  intcndeil  yesterda\',  if  the 
state  of  his  hcdtli  had  permitted,  to  have  tressjKis- 
sed  on  the  house  v  iih  a  short  ske;»;h  of  the  jrrounds 
upon  which  he  disapproved  of  this  hill.  ^Vi:ai  I 
Could  not  do  then,  s.iitj  he,  1  am  about  to  endei^'oiy 
row,  nrder  llie  piessiire  neveithelcss, of  c(»ntiniiint;' 
iiidisposition,  as\\eli  as  under  he  iiiiluence  of  u 
natural  rei'ictance  rims  to  manifest  an  apparently 
ambitious  and  improvident  Imrrv  to  lay  aside  tiie 
ciiaracter  of  a  listener  to  the  wisdom  of  oti.er.s,  b. 
M'iilch  T  could  not  fail  to  profit,  for  tiiat  of  an  eN - 
pounder  of  my  own  humble  notions,  which  are  not 
liifeh  to  be  profitable  to  aiu'  body.  It  is,  indeed,  but 
loo  probable  tiiat  I  should  best  have  consuiied  both 

4BUGAcy  and  discreiicn,  it'  I  had  lorborne  tlus  pre- 


cipitate attempt  to  launcli  mv  little  bark  upon  wha^ 
iui  honorable  member  lias  apdy  termed  "the  Current 
of  debate"  which  liiis  bill  has  "produced.  I  am  con- 
scious that  it  may  with  sinj^ular  propriety  be  said  of 
me,  that  I  am  novns  ho.i/ies  here,  that  I  have  scarcely 
be;4-un  It)  .icc[ulie  a  do'.nicll  amon^-  those  vrhom  I  am 
u:idc"t::l-in;.;-  vo  address;  and  that  recen*.ly  trans- 
planted Idilier  trom  courts  oi  judic.itiire,  I  oup^ht  foi* 
a  season  to  look  upon  nr,  self  as  a  sort  of  c;;otic, 
which  time  has  not  sufficiently  familiarised  wl.h  the 
soilto  whici  it  has  been  removed,  to  ciiable  it  to 
put'fi:irili  either  fruit  or  flower.  However  all  this- 
may  be,  i'  is  now  too  late  lo  l;e  silent.  I  proceed 
ilierefore,  to  entreat  your  iiidul;:^ent  attention  to  the 
few  words  with  whicii  1  liave  to  trouble  you  upoi\ 
tne  siiljiect  under  deiiheration. 

Tn.it  suiiject  has  alrCc'dv-  been  treated  with  an  ad- 
tnirable  o  ce  and  perspicuity  on  all  sides  of  thft 
house.  T'le  sfroii'r  power  of  arji^-ument  lias  drav.'-ii 
aside,  .'is  it  ouf]^ht  to  do,  die  veil  wliicli  i.s  supnosed 
to  belong"  to  it,  a^id  which  some  of  us  seem  tmwil- 
ii.ig- to  disturb;  and  the  stronger  power  of  genius, 
from  a  hi^lier  re'.^ion  tlu.n  that  of  arETUiTieiit,  has 
trrown  upon  it  ail  the  li-.;-ht  widi  w:,ich  it  is  the 
prero^-ative  of  c^-ei-ii.is  to  invest  and  illustrate  every 
'..lung'.  It  is  fit  tli-it  it  should  be  so;  for  the  subject 
is  worth V  bv  its  dicrnity  and  importance  to  employ- 
in  the  disc  ission  of  it  all  the  powers  of  the  ml:il, 
and  all  the  elovjueiice  hv  n'liich  I  have  alre-i.dy  ielL 
that  tlii-j  asseinblv  i;  dis'^inguished.  'i'he  .iubjec  is 
tiie  fiLndamental  law.  We  owe  it  to  the  peoi)le  tq 
labor  with  sincerity  and  diliijence,  to  ascertain  the 
tru>.  construclIiBn  of  ihat  law,  wiiich  isl)Ut  a  record 
o''  their  will.  We  owe  it  to  the  ob!i;?;ttio.i3  of  the 
o:ilh  which  -as  recently  been  imprinted  np.in  our 
con;jcier;ces;  as  well  as  to  tiie  peoole,  to  be  obedient 
to  that  v.'illv.-hen  we  have  succeeded  in  ascertaining 
it.  I  shall  give  voti  mv  opi.iion  upon  this  matter, 
with  the  litmost  deference  tor  the  judgment  of 
othievK;  but  at  the  same  time  with  that  hotiest  and 
unreserved  fi-eedom  v/hich  becomes  this  place,  and 
i-,  suited   o  my  habits. 

Uerorewe  can  be  in  a  situation  to  decide  whether 
this  bi  1  ought  to  pass,  we  must  k:'ow  precisely  what 
it  is;  wn  it  It  is  not  is  obvious.  It  is  not  a  bill  wiiick 
is  auxiliary  to  the  trcaiv.  It  does  not  ded  witii  de- 
tails .vhicli  the  treaty  does  not  lieir  in  its  own  bo- 
som. It  contains  no  sibsidiary  enactments,  no  de- 
pendent orovisions,  flo.-  iig  as  corrollaries  from  tiie 
treaty.  It  is  not  to  raise  tioiiev,  O'*  to  make  ajipro- 
priations,  or  to  do  any  thing  else  beyond  or  out  of 
the  .reaty.     It  acts  simply  as  the  <"!  ho  of  the  treaty. 

"Ingeminat  voces,  aiiditaqiie  verba  reportat."  It 
ma<,-  properh  be  c  died  the  twin-brother  of  ttie  trea/- 
tv;  its  duplicate,  its  reflected  image,  for  it  re-enactg 
wiitt  a  liinld  (idelily,  somewiiai  inconsistent  wiili 
the  boldness  of  its  pretensions,  all  that  t'.ie  treaty 
stlpulaics,  and  having  performed  that  work  of  supe- 
rerogation, stops. — It  once  attempted  some'hintr 
more,  indeed;  but  Miat  surplus  has  been  expiing-ecl 
from  it  as  a  desperate  intruder,  as  something  which 
might  violate,  by  a  miiiiiterpretation  of  tiie  ire.ity, 
ilu.t  very  public  faith  which  we  aie  now  prepare<l  to 
say  the  treat)'  has  never  pli:^htcd  in  :'ny  tliesm.iUest 
degree.  In  a  word,  the  bill  is  iifuc  nimile  of  the 
ireatv  in  all  its  clause.-,. 

I  am  Warranted  in  concluding,  tlien,  that  if  it  be 
any  thing  but  anempty  fonnof  words,  it  is  a  co.ifir- 
I  nia  ion  or  r.itific.i  ion  of  the  treaU ;  or,  to  spe-ik 
widi  a  more  guarded  accurjc,  is  ..n  act  to  which 
otily  (if  passed  iaio  a  law)  the  tre.itv  can  own  it9 
i»  ing.  If  it  docs  nv>t  spring  from  the  "puritus  le- 
ges lerendi,"  by   which  diis  bodv  can  never  he  af« 

'  UictQ^,  \  MO  Wi.iTan'.«i  io  a}<yb'S>  tJiftt,  it  efiruig* 


m 


SUPPLE3VIENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—TRKATY  QUESTION, 


i?om  .in  hypothesis  (which  may  afTlict  us  with  a 
worse  disease)  that  no  treaty  of  coiumerce  can  be 
made  by  any  power  in  the  state  Ijut  conii^-ress.  It 
stands  upon  that  postulate,  or  it  h  a  mere  bubble, 
which  might  be  suffered  to  float  throug-h  the  forms 
•f  leg-islation,  and  tlien  to  biu'st  wiiiiout  Conse- 
ejuence  of  notice. 

That  this  postulate  Is  utterly  irreconcilable  with 
l*he  claims  and  port  >vith  which  tliis  convention 
«omes  before  yon,  it  is  imijossible  to  deny.  Look  at 
it.  Has  it  the  air  or  shape  of  a  mere  pledgee  t'lat 
the  president  will  recommend  to  cnng'ress  t!ie  p:is- 
oag-e  of  sucli  laws  as  will  produce  the  effect  ai 
which  it  aims.'  Does  it  profess  to  be  preliminary,  or 
provisional,  or  inchoate,  or  to  rely  upon  your  instru- 
mentality in  the  consummation  of  it,  or  to  take  any 
notice  of  you,  iiowever  distant  as  actual  or  eventual 
parties  to  it?  No — It  pretends  upon  the  face  of  i  . 
and  in  the  solemnities  nitli  which  it  has  been  hc- 
eompanled  and  followed,  to  be  a  pact  with  a  fo'-eigrn 
etate,  complete  and  self-efficient,  from  the  oblij^-ation 
©f  which  this  government  cannot  now  cscajie,  andto 
the  pei'fectionof  wliich  no  more  is  necessary  than  lias 
already  b«en  done.  It  contains  the  clause  which  Is  fDunl 
in  thetreatyofl?'94,  and  substantially  in  ijvery  otbe- 
treaty  made  by  the  United  Sl;ites  under  the  presen' 
conslitution,  so  as  to  have  become  a  formula,  tha\ 
when  ratified  by  the  president  of  the  United  Slates,  b\ 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  sen:'.Te,  and 
by  ills  Britannic  majesty,  and  the  respective  ratifi- 
cations mutually  excliang-ed,  it  sliail  be  binding  and 
obligatory  on  the  said  states  and  his  majesty. 

It  has  been  ratified  in  conPormitjr  with  that  clause. 
Its  ratifications  have  been  exchanged  in  tlie  estab- 
lished and  stipulated  mode.  It  has  been  proclaimed, 
as  other  treaties  have  been  proclaimed,  by  the  exe- 
cutive government,  as  an  integral  portion  of  the  la-v 
of  the  land,  and  our  citizens  at  liome  and  abroad 
have  been  admonished  to  keep  and  observe  it  accor- 
clingly.     It  has  been  fent  to  the  other  contracting 

?iarty  with  the  last  stamp  of  the  national  faith  upon 
t,  after  the  manner  of  former  treaties  with  the  same 
power,  and  will  have  been  received  and  acted  upon 
by  that  party  as  a  concluded  contract,  long  before 
your  loitering  legislation  can  overtake  it.  I  protest, 
«ir,  I  am  somewhat  at  a  loss  to  understand  what  this 
<!onvention  has  been  since  its  ratifications  were  ex- 
changed, and  what  it  Is  now,  if  our  bill  be  sound  in 
its  principle.  Has  it  not  been,  and  is  it  not,  an  un- 
intelligible, unbaptized  and  unbaptizable  thin», 
without  attributes  of  anv  kind,  bearing  the  sem- 
blance of  an  executed  compact,  but  in  reality  a  hol- 
low fiction;  a  thing  vvhicli  no  man  is  held  to  consider 
even  as  the  germ  of  a  treaty,  entitled  to  be  cherished 
!n  the  vineyard  of  the  constitution;  a  thing  which 
professing  to  have  done  every  thing  that  public  ho- 
nor demands,  has  done  nothing-  l)Ut  practise  delusisn? 
You  may  ransack  every  diplomatic  nomenclature, 
and  run  through  every  vocabulary,  whether  of  di- 
plomacy or  law,  and  jou  shall  not  find  a  word  by 
■which  you  may  distinguish,  If  our  bill  be  correct  in 
its  hypothe:-.is,  tliis  "deed  without  a  name."  A  jilaln 
man  who  is  not  used  to  manage  his  plu-ases,  may, 
tliereforc,  presume  to  say,  that  if  this  convention 
with  England  be  not  a  valid  treaty,  which  docs  not 
stand  in  need  of  your  assistance,  it  is  au  usurjiation 
on  'he  part  of  those  who  have  imdertakcn  to  make  it; 
that  If  it  be  not  an  act  witliin  the  treaty -making  ca- 
pacity, confided  to  the  president  and  senate,  it  Is  an 
encroachment  on  the  legislative  rights  of  congi'ess 
I  am  one  of  tliose  wlio  view  the  bill  upon  the  ta- 
fcle,  as  declaring  that  it  is  not  within  that  capacity, 
as  looking  down  upon  the  convention  as  the  still 
%orn  progeny  of  WTogated  power,  as  oifering  t«  it 


the  paternity  of  congress,  and  aTocting  by  that  pn.r 
tcrnity  to  give  to  it  lii'e  and  strong' ii;  ^i^ul  ;is  J  '"'ink' 
t!iat  the  convention  does  noi  st.ind  in  i>e<"d  n!'  ;)nv 
such  fiiiaiion,  to  make  i'  either  strong  or  Icgitiiu.ite, 
that  it  is  already  all  i!i;it  ii  can  beco/iie.  .'tnd  t'sat 
usclcia  lei^ishttion  upon  sucli  a  subp^c!  i-  viii,)us  le- 
gislation, 1  shall  vote  against  the  hill.  Tiic  cor- 
reciiiess  of  the^;e  oplci-jns  is  wiiat  I  t)ro[)!)-;c  to  cs- 
tabiLsh. 

I  lay  it  down  as  an  incontrovertible  truth,  th'^.+  tlia 
constituti:>n  has  assumed  (md  inlcc-d  how  c  )uM  it 
do  otherwi-ic)  tluit  the  government  oi"  the  United 
*ftates  might  ;ind  v/ould  ii^Lve  occasion,  like  the  otitcr 
governments  of  the  civilizeil  world,  to  eirer  iilo 
treaties  wiili  foreign  {lowers,  upon  the  v.irioi!-;  sub- 
jects  involved  in  theii' mutual  relations;  ;tnd  further, 
that  it  might  be,  .and  was  piv>ner  a  desig'i;.te  the  de- 
partment of  the  govi-rnnient  in  whlcli  tlie  cipacity 
to  make  such  treaties  should  be  lodged.  It  has  saii 
accordingly,  that  the  president,  with  the  co.ictn-- 
lence  of  liie  senate,  shall  possess  tkis  portion  of 
tiie  national  sovereignt\'.  It  has  fur*hermo!'e,  given 
otlie  same  magistrate,  with  the  same  co:!Ciu-rc:ice, 
'he  exclusive  crction  :uul  control  of  the  whole  ina- 
ciiinery  of  diplomiicy.  He  oidy,  with  the  approba- 
tion of  tlie  senate,  can  appoint  anegociator,  or  talce 
.any  step  towards  negoc'a.ion.  The  co!i  stitution  does 
not,  in  any  pai-t  of  it,  even  intimate  tiiat  any  other 
department  sludl  possess  ei'her  a  constant  or  an  oc- 
casional right  to  interpose  io  the  preparation  of  any 
ireaty,  or  in  the  final  perfcc'ion  of  it.  The  presi- 
dent and  senate  are  explicitly  pointed  out  as  the  sole 
actors  in  that  sort  of  transacLion.  The  prescribed 
concurrence  of  the  sen;ite,  and  tliat  too  by  a  majoi'ity 
greater  than  the  ordinary  legislative  maj-u-it\-,  pltiin- 
ly  excludes  tlie  necessity  of  congressional  concur- 
rence. If  the  consent  of  congress  to  any  treaty  had 
been  intended,  the  constitution  wo'ild  not  have  been 
gullfyof  he  absurdity  of  first  putting  a  treaty  for 
ratification  to  the  president  and  senate  excltisiveUv 
and  again  to  tlie  same  president  and  senate  as  por- 
tions of  the  legislature.  It  would  have  subinitted 
■  he  whole  matter  at  once  to  congress,  and  tiie  more; 
especially,  as  the  ratification  of  a  treat)'  by  the  se- 
nate, as  a  brancii  of  the  legi.ilature,  may  be  bv  a 
smaller  number  than  a  ratification  of  it  by  the  same 
body,  as  a  branch  of  the  executive  government.  If 
the  ratification  of  any  treaty  by  the  president,  witli 
'ha  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  must  be  fol- 
lowed by  a  legislative  ratification,  it  is  a  mere  non- 
entity. It  is  good  for  all  purposes,  or  for  none.  And 
if  It  be  nothing  In  effTect,  It  is  a  mockery  by  wiuch 
nobody  would  be  bound.  Tlie  president  and  senate 
would  not  themselves  be  bound  by  it — and  the  rati-  , 
ficatlon  v/ould  at  l.ast  depend,  not  upon  the  will  oF 
the  president  and  two  tiiirds  of  the  senate,  butupoi* 
the  will  of  a  bare  m.ajorlty  of  the  two  brandies  of  • 
the  legislature,  subject  to  the  qualified  legislativft 
control  of  the  president. 

Upon  the  power  of  the  president  and  senate,  there- 
fore, there  can  bs  no  doubt.  Tlie  only  question  is 
as  to  the  extetitof  it,  or,  in  other  words,,  as  *o  the  , 
subject  u])on  which  it  may  be  exerted.  The  effect 
of  the  power,  when  exerted  wi'.Iiin  its  lawful  snliere,. 
is  beyond  tlie  rear!]  of  controversy.  Tli«  constitu- 
tion has  declared  that  whatsoever  amounts  to  a  trea* 
ty,  made  under  the  authoiity  of  the  Unifed  Spates, 
shall  immediately  be  supreme  law.  It  has  contra- 
distinguished a  treuiy  as  law  from  mi  act  of  congress- 
as  lav/.  It  has  erected  treaties,  so  contradistinguish- 
ed, into  a  binding  judicLal  rule.  It  h. as  given  them 
to  our  courts  of  jifttice,  in  defining  their  jurisdic- 
tion, as  a  portion  of  tlie  le.v  terrte,  which  they  are  t» 
interpret  ftiid  wiforco    ta  a  w»rd,  it  hsa  coaiCHinSf^ 


SUPPLEMENT  T©  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  QUESTION". 


%l 


Witliout  such  a  power,  the  government  would  h^ 
wholly  inad^'jUite  to  the  ends  tbi-  which  it  was  in- 
stituted. A  flower  to  reguhiic  commerce  by  treaty 
alone,  would  touch  only  a  portion  of  the  subject.  As 
wider  and  more  general  power  was,  therefore,  indis- 
pensible,  and  it  was  properly  devolved  unon  con- 
gress, as  the  legislature  of  the  union. 

On  the  other  liand,  a  povi^er  of  mere  municipal  le> 
gi-slaiion,  acting  upon  views  exclusively  o!ir  own^ 
iiaviiig  no  refe.  ence  to  a  reciprocation  of  advanta^ 
ges  b)  f  iTar.gements  witli  a  rbrcign  state,  would  also 
tall  short  of  tiie  ends  o  government  in  a  countiy, 
ol  wii  ch  the  commercial  relations  are  complex  and 
extensive,  and  liable  to  .;e  embairassed  by  conflicts 
cl'.use  to  resirict  tlie  natural  import  of  its  phraseo- ;  between  its  own  interests  and  those  of  other  nations, 
logy.  Tiie  power  is  left  to  ilie  force  of  the  ge:'.er;c  ;  That  the  power  of  congress  is  simply  legislative  in 
term,  :a)d  is,  :  herefore,  .is  wide  as  a  treaty-m;iking  "'~"  '""'""" 
power  cah  be.  It  embraces  ad  t'le  varieties  of  trea- 
ties wnici:  it  could  he  supp.jsed  this  government 
could  find  it  r.ecesary  or  proper  to  make,  or  it  em- 
braces none,     li    covers  tue  wliole  treaiy-making 


ca'cd  to  theni,if  raiified  by  tlie  department  which  it 
hiis  specially  i;i-ovi(led  lor  the  making  of  them,  tlit 
juiikoi  law,  or  it  has  spoken  witliout  meaning.  Aiid 
if  iihas  elevated  them  to  tiiat  rank,  ii  is  idle  to  at- 
teif'pt  lorai5e  iliem  to  i:  bj  (irdinary  legislation. 

Upon  tl'.e  extent  oriiiepowcr,  or  die  subjtc-supon 
which  ii  m;;}  act,  there  is  as  little  I'oom  tor  contro- 
veisy.  The  po-.ver  i^  to  inake  treaties.  Tiie  word 
tic:ities  is  nomen  geiuivallsnimuin,  and  will  compre- 
hend consmerchd  treaties,  ur.less  there  be  a  Umit 
\\\wn  it  by  which  thev  are  excluded.  It  is  the  apj>el- 
lalive,  wiilcli  will  t:  ke  in  die  whole  species,  if  there 
be  notidiig  to  mn-row  its  scope.  There  is  no  sucii 
liiiilt.     'i'liere  is  not  a  syllable  in  the  context  of  the 


the  strictest  sense,  and  calculated 'for  ordinary  do^ 
mestic  rcguLaion  only,  is  plain  from  the  language 
inuhicu  it  iscoramuidcated.  There  is  nothmg  ia 
thai  language  which  indicates  reguladon,  by  com- 
pactor compromise,  noddtjg  which  points  to  the  co- 
grnu.id  wiiich  this  -overnment  could  be  expected 'Operation  of  a  ibrcign  pov.cj,  nothing  which  desi"-- 
to  cccupy,  or  nov  an  incii  of  it.  j  nates  a  treaty-making  facull)-.     It   is  not  connected! 

!.  is  ajust  presumpllon,  that  it  was  designed  to  with  any  of  the  necessary  accompaniments  oi'  that 
tc  co-ex  ensive  m  itli  all  the  exigencies  oi  our  af-|taculty,  it  is  not  furnished  with  any  of  tliose  means, 
fail-..  Usage  sanctions  tlii'.t  presumption — expedi-|  witiiout  which  it  is  impossible  to  make  tlie  smallest 
ei'cy  does  ihe  same.  Tiie  oaussion  of  any  exception  ,  progress  towards  u  treaty. 

to  die  power,  the  ondssion  of  the  designation  of  a  |  It  is  selt'-evident,  that  a  capacity  to  regulate  com- 
mode, b;,  .vhich  a  treaty,  not  inrended  to  be  inelu- Imerce  by  treaty,  was  intended  by  the  constitution 
<li-d  wiiliia  it,  noght  otherwise  be  made,  conhrms  it.  |  to  be  lodged  somewhere.  It  is  just  as  evident,  that 
Tiia'  a  commcrri:d  tre.ity  wa.s,  above  all  otiiers,  in  ;  the  legislative  CiijJacity  of  congre-s  does  not  amount 
tl:e  comemplaii.in  of  the  constitution,  is  manifest. '  to  it,  and  cannot  be  exerted  to  produce  a  treaty.  It 
Tiie  immemorial  practice  of  Ein-ope,  and  par;icu-ican  produce  only  a  statute,  v/ith  which  a  foreign 
larly  of  tiic  nation  from  which  we  emigrated,  the' stale  cannot  be  made  to  concur,  and  which  will  not 
consonance  of  enlightened  theory  to  that  prac, ice, i yield  to  any  niodificaiions  which  a forei^ni state  may 
prove  it.  It  m;iy  be  s.dd,  indeed,  that  at  the  e[)och  desire  to  imj)ress  upon  it  for  suitable  equivalents, 
of  the  birui  of  our  consiitulion,  the  nece-j^ity  for  a, There  is  no  way  in  which  congress,  as  such  can 
power  to  make  con^mcrci  1  treaties  was  scarcely  vi- 1  mould  its  laws  into  treaties,  if  it  respects  the  consti- 
sibie,  for  that  our  trade  v,as  then  in  its  iniancy.  Ititution.  It  may  legislate  and  counter-legislate;  but 
was  so;  but  it  was  the  infancy  of  anofner  Hercules,  it  must  forever  be  beyond  i's  capacity  to  combine  in 


pronusmg,  not  intlecd  a  victor}  over  the  lion  of  Xe- 
niac:i,  or  me  boar  ot  Ei\ mantluis,  but  the  peaceful 
conquest  of  everj  sea  which  covdd  be  subjeccett  to 
tlie  dortdnion  of  commercial  en'ierprise.  It  was  tfeen 
as  apparent  as  it  is  now,  that  the  destinies  of  this 
great  nadon  were  irrevocably  commercial;  that  the 
ocean  would  be  whitened  by  our  sails,  and  ilie  "ul- 
tima thnle^'  of  the  world  compelled  to  witness  the 
more  than  Piiccnician  spirit  and  intelligence  of  our 
inerchanjs.  Witii  this  glorious  anticipation  dawn- 
ing upon  them;  with  this  resplendent  Aurora  gild- 
ing the  prospect  of  the  future;  nay,  with  tite  risen 
orb  of  trade  illuminating  he  vast  horizon  of  Ame- 
rican greatness,  it  cannot  be  supposed  that  tlie  ira- 
niers  ot  the  consdtution  did  not  look  to  the  time 
when  we  should  be  called  upon  to  make  commercial 
conventions.  It  needs  not  the  aid  of  the  imagina- 
tion to  reject  this  disparaging  and  monstrous  sup- 
position. Uidlness  itself,  throwing  aside  the  le- 
thargy oi  i's  character,  and  rising  t()r  a  passing  mo- 
ment to  the  ra])ture  of  enthusiasm,  will  disclaim  it 
witii  indigna  ion. 

It  is  said,  however,  that  the  constitution  has  given 
to  congress  the  power  to  regulate  commerce  with 
foreign  nations,  and  tluit,  since  it  would  be  incon- 
sisient  with  that  powei-,  that  the  president,  with  the 
consent  oi"  the  senate,  should  do  the  same  thing,  it 
follows  that  this  power  of  congress  is  an  exception 
out  of  the  tre.ity-making  power.  Never  were  pre- 
mises, as  it  appears  lo  my  understanding,  less  auit- 


a  law,  emanating  from  its  separate  domestic  auUio- 
rity,  its  own  views  with  those  of  other  governments, 
and  to  produce  a  harmonious  reconciliation  of  those 
jarring  purposes  and  discordant  elements  which  it 
is  the  business  of  ncgociation  to  adjust. 

I  reason  thus,  then,  upon  tlus  part  of  the  subject. 
It  is  clear,  that  die  power  of  congress,  as  to  foreign 
commerce,  is  only  what  i  profes'ies  to  be  in  tiie  con- 
stitution, a  iegislaive  power,  to  be  exerted  munici- 
pally  without  conjiultation  or  agreement  with  those 
with  whom  we  have  an  intercourse  of  trade;  it  is  im- 
deniable  that  the  constitution  meant  to  provide  for 
tlie  exercise  of  another  power  relatively  to  com- 
merce, which  should  exert  itself  in  concert  with  the 
analogous  power  in  other  countries,  and  stiould  bring 
abou.  its  results,  not  by  statute  enacted  by  itself, 
but  by  an  internadonal  compact  called  a  tre.ity;  that 
it  is  nianife.st,  tliat  tins  other  power  is  vested  by  the 
constitution  in  the  ])resident  and  senate,  the  only 
department  of  tlie  government  which  it  authorises 
to  make  any  treat} ,  and  whicli  it  enables  to  make  all 
treadea;  that  if  it  be  so  vested,  its  regular  cxeicise 
niusL  result  in  tliat  which,  as  far  as  it  readies,  is  law 
ill  itself,  and  consequently  repeals  such  municipal 
regulations  as  stand  m  its 'way,  since  it  is  expressly 
declared  by  the  constitution  that  treaties  regularly 
made  shall  have,  as  they  ought  to  have,  the  force  of 
law.  In  all  this,  I  perceive  nothing  to  perplex  or 
alarm  us.  Jt  exnibits  a  well  digesied  and  uniform 
plan  ot  government,   worthy    of  t,;e  excellent  men 


ed  to  tlie  conclusion.  The  power  of  congress  to  re-|  l)y  wliom  it  was  formed.  Tiie  ordinary  power  to  re 
gulate  our  foreign  trade,  is  a  power  of  municipal  gulate  commerce  bj  statutory  enactments,  could  only 
legislation,  and  u  as  designed  to  operate  as  far  as,  be  devolved  upon  ongress,  possessing  all  fncotiiei- 
|4pon  such  a  subj  ect,  ijHiiiicipaUegiskUsasttn  reach,   lejiylaiive  powar*;  pt  tiie  ytwenvneni;.    The  ejitra- 


^^  SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REHISTK?.— TriEAT^'  QUSS TIOK; 


Ordinary  power  to  reo^ulate  It  by  treaty,  could  not  be 
devolved  tipon  cnngress,  because  from  i' s  cotuposi- 
tioii,  and  \he  absence  of  all  those  au  iioritie.-i  and 
fimciions  wliicii  .u-e  essential  to  the  ac  iviiv  .md  e.- 
fect  of  a  U'^aly-niaking'  power,  it  v.asnot  c  <!cnKlcd 
to  be  tiie  depository  of  it.  It  was  wise  and  consist  en  i 
to  ploce  the  extraordinary  power  to  resjiilate  com- 
merce by  treaty,  wliere  tlie  residue  of  tiie  treacy- 
mJiing  j:owcr  wus  pLiced,  w.;ere  only  he  means  O' 
TKgTcirttion  couhI  be  tb;nd,  and  the  skilful  and  be 
neficial  u.eof  tnein  could  reasonanly  be  expec-ed 

Thai  congress  leg-islates  upon  commerce,  ^abject, 
to  tlie  'reaty  makint;  p  jwer,  is  a  position  pe.  fecUy 
in  eilif^iblc;  but  tlie  iinderstandini^  is  in  some  de- 
cree conibnnded  by  tlie  other  propo-;itioii,  ilial  ihe 
lerlsl.-  ive  power  ot  coni^ress  is  an  excep  ion  out  of 
the  tieitv  making;  power.  I'l  introduces  into  tlie 
eonstitution  a  strange  anomaly — a  conimei-cial  suite, 
■widi  a  wrifea  consiiiu.ion  and  no  power  ia  it  to  re- 
fpul ate  its  trade,  in  conjni'.C!if)n  with  nt'icr  stages, 
ni  the  luiiversal  mode  of  convention.  I  will  be  in 
r„in  to  uri^e,  that  tliis  anomaly  is  merely  imai^inary, 
for  that  tne  president  and  senate  may  make  a  trea- 
ty of  commerce  tor  ihe  consideration  of  cong'ress. 
The  answer  is,  that  the  treaties  whicn  iheprcjident 
and  sena  e  are  enti.lcw  to  make,  are  sucn,  as  when 
ntadc,  become  law,  hat  it  is  no  part  of  liieir  func- 
tions, simply  to  initiate  trea'ies  but  conclusivel)  to 
make  them,  and  that  where  they  have  no  pov.er  to 
nu.ke  them,  tiiere  is  no  provision  in  the  constitu- 
tion, how,  or  by  whom  they  shall  be  made. 

That  there  is  notliing  nev.-  in  tlie  iilea  of  a  separa- 
tion of  tlie  le.t';islative  and  conveniional  powers  up- 
on commercial  subjects,  and  of  the.  necessary  con- 
troul  of  the  former  by  the  latter,  is  known  to  all 
who  are  acquainted  with  the  const iuition  of  Ens^- 
]and.  The  parliament  of  tliat  country  enacts  the 
statutes  b\  whicti  its  trade  is  reo;ulited  mu:iicipally 
Tilt' crown  modifies  them  by  a  tie.ity.  It  iias  been 
imagined,  indeed,  that  the  parliament  is  in  t!;e  prac- 
tice of  confinrdni;  such  trea'aes;  but  tiie  fact  is  un- 
<loubtediy  ochcrwisc.  Connncrcial  trea'ies  are  laid 
before  parlianien;,  bec.!<.use  tlie  kinf^'s  ministers  are 
responsible  for  their  advice  in  the  making-  of  iii.eni, 
aral  because  the  vast  range  and  coniplica'.ion  of  tiie 
Enij^lish  lav.'s  ot  trade  and  revenue  render  lei;-islatio.; 
unavoidable,  not  for  the  ratification,  but  the  exe- 
cution of  theii  commercial  a-eawes. 

Ii,  is  sut;".;es;ed  ag'.^in,  tiiat  the  treaty  m.nkin  ; 
power,  (tniless  we  aretenan.s  in  C(nmonof  it  with 
the  prcbideni  and  senate,  to  tlie  extent  at  ie^st  of 
our  leg-islati\  e  ri^^hts)  is  a  pestilent  monster,  preg- 
nun  wirii.  ail  sorts  of  disasters!  I  teems  v/ith  '"Gor- 
gons,  and  H\(lras,  and  Chimeras  dire!"  at  any  rave, 
I  ma\  taketbr  grained  that  .)ie  case  bef.,re  us  doe^ 
lioi  jTibliiy  tnis  ari'av  of  metapiior  and  fabic;  since 
we  are  all  agreed  that  the  con.veniion  with  Knglaiid 
is  not  only  iiarndess,  but  salutary.  To  put  this  par- 
ticular case,  however,  out  of  the  argument,  whai 
have  we  to  do  with  considerations  like  the»e?  are  we 
here  to  tci-m,  or  to  subniii  to  d>e  co.isliintion,  as  ii 
has  been  given  to  us  for  a  rule  by  those  wiio  are  oui- 
-masierb?  can  we  take  upon  ourselves  the  office  oi 
political  casuisis,  and  because  we  think  diat  a  pow- 
tr  ongiit  to  be  less  taan  it  is,  compel  it  to  shrink  to 
our  sLandard!  Are  VvC  to  bow  v.  itn  revercr.ce  before 
the  natKjnai  will  as  tiie  consitution  displays  it,  or 
to  fashion  it  to  our  own,  to  quarrel  with  that  cnar- 
ler,  without  whicli  we  ourselves  are  nothing;  or  to 
take  it  as  a  guide  which  we  cannot  desert  with  iii- 
nocer.ce  or  saf'ei._\?  But  why  is  the  treaty  making 
powe;,  lodged,  as  I  con  end  it  i-i,  in  the  jircsidenr. 
iind  senate,  likely  to  disas  er  us,  as  we  are  requii-ed 
toapprehtpd    it  will?     Satfici cut  checks   liave  iiwt, 


as  itseems,  been  provided,  cifl;er  bv  t  e  "institntieili'' 
or  the  naiure  ot  things,  to  prevent  ttie  abtise  oi'  it* 
it  is  in  cheiiousc  of  repieseataiives  aio.ic,  Iha  the 
amule.,  whic  .  bids  .iefiance  to  the  ajipro'^cne?  of', 
poiitical  dise.'se,  v.r  ciues  it  'vhen  it  has  comniei-  ' 
ced,  can  in  all  vicissiiude.-,  be  found.  I  n-.n'.l  tlut 
tliecneclcs  ..re  suiiicienl,  wiiiioar  tiieciiiU-m  of  ..m- 
legisl^uve  agency,  for  all  those occasiMnswnich  -.vij- 
doui  is  uoimd  o  foresee  and  L  >  jjuard  agaiu  ;  ii.i,d 
uiai  as  to  ihe  resi  (the  eccentrici-ies  and  poricits 
v/riich  no  ordinary  coecks  can  rteat  witli)  the  occu- 
.^ians  niu.s'.  provide  for  t  ic  i«;eives. 

I'  is  natural,  nere,  io  at.k  of  gentlemen,  what  se- 
em uy  tney  would  liuve.'  TiiC)  'cMitngr  «',ake  .,,  bond 
u.  l:.:e;"  and  .hey  have  everv  pledge  wiiica  is  sn.irt 
o,  It.— H.  veiiie;.  not,  as  reijitc  s  the  preside,;,  .dl 
iie  stcu.i.y  upon  which  tney  reiv  from  d:."  to  d  ly 
tor  i.:e  discreet  and  upii.i;h  'discharge  o\  t!ie  whole 
Oi  ins  oiuer  diuieo,  m^my  and  v.tric.ns  a.s  tr.ev  are? 
Wliai  security  have  tney  tn..t  he  Wid  nol  appoint  to 
office  ii.e  lefuse  oi  me  world;  diat  lie  will  not  pol- 
lute tne  saiiCUary  of  jus  ice  bv  callin^''  vagabonds 
to  itsnoh  nudstry,  ins-ead  of  adorning  i'  wriimci*  ' 
like  those  w;.o  now  give  o  li.e  benci  niore  dignity 
tUau  tney  receive  from  i.;  uint  lie  will  not  en.ei-^iir.o 
a  treat}  or  auMiesty  with  every  conjpir.ttor  agrdiist. 
law  and  order,  and  p  u'don  culprits  front  more  e  :,,ii. 
cy  lo  vir  ue.i"  'I'he  security  for  ail  thi.s,  and  i.tfifiipi'/ 
more,  is  fbu'id  i .  tue  coustitut.jon  and  in  tne  rder 
of  nature;  and  we  are  all  satisfied  wiiii  i:.  One 
sliould  think  diat  the  same  secui  iiy,  w  uch  t;i  !«  ■ar 
Clint  na~  no  discredi  ed,  might  be  sufTtcient  U)  t;-  ai- 
quilize  us  upon  tne  .score  of  i.tie  power  wiuca  we 
.ire  now  considei-ing. 

We  talk  of  ourselves  as  if  we  iva'.v  were  tlie  rep- 
resentative.-, of  die  people.  But  .ne  fn-st  .nagi'--.ratc 
of  tins  county  is  also  the  represenia  ive  of  the  peo- 
ple .liecieatiu'e  of  u-.eir  .sover.i.miy,  the  adminis- 
trator o.  tiioir  power,  Uieir  sie.vard "and  . servant,  a» 
you  are — he  comes  frotu  tlie  peopie,  is  iiPted  b)'  theni 
into  )Jl..ce  and  autlioriiy,  and  afier  a  sbor'  se»son  re- 
turns to  hem  Ibi' censure  or  pplause.  Tiiere  is  ro 
analog)  between  such  a  m.agi.straie  and  die  iieredi-' 
iar_\-  iiionarchs  oi  ".urf)pe.  lie  is  not  born  to  tiie  in- 
heritance ot  oilice;  he  cannot  even  be  elected  untiV 
iie  Jias  reached  an  age  ai  wuicn  .e  mu.jt  pass  fot- 
wliat  he  is;  until  his  iiabiLS  have  been  formed,  liis  in- 
tegrity tried,  his  capacity  ascert.ine<l,  ,.is  cnar\cter 
discussed  and  pro  jed  for  a  series  of  j- ears,  bv  a  press, 
winch  knows  none  of  the  reslrainls  or  European  pol- 
ic)  — fie  acts,  as  you  do,  in  the  f  di  vie^v  of  iiis  con- 
siuueiits,  and  under  the  consciousness  that,  on  ac- 
count of  the  singleness  of  his  staiion,  all  eyes  are 
u[)on  hirii. — He  knows,  too.  as  well  as  you  can  know, 
lie  temper  aud  lit, elii.,c!ice  of  .hose  (or  wiiom  nt 
.iCts,  and  to  wiioni  he  is  amenable.  He  cannot  hope 
mat  ti.ey  will  be  blind  to  the  vices  of  bis  adminis- 
. ration  ohsuDjectso.  high  concernment  and  vital 
in  erest;  and  in  ]iroportioit  as  he  rtCts  upon  !iis  own. 
respoiisiiiiiit)-,  unrelieved  and  undiluted  by  tlie  i.ifii- 
^ion  of  ours,  is  the  danger  of  ill  advised  conduct 
likely  to  be  present  to  iii.-;  mind. 

Oi'alltlie  [)o\vers  which  liave  lieen  entrusted  to 
nini,  tiiere  is  none  to  wiiich  tne  temptations  to  abuse 
belong  so  little  as  to  the  reaty  making  power  in  all 
its  biMiiches;  none  wnich  can  boast  such  mighty' 
saie-guaids  in  tiie  feelir.gs  and  views  and  passions 
Wijiciie^en  a  misanthrope  could  atiriliuie  to  the 
toreinost  ciLizen  of  this  reptiblic. — He  can  liave  ii» 
motive  to  pais)  by  a  commercial  or  any  otiier  treaty 
jthe  prosperity   of  his   country.     Setting  apart  the 

•  resti-diits  ot  honor  and   patriotism, '^  hlch  are  char-' 

•  ac.e:islic  Oi  public  men  in  a  nation   i.  bilu.dy    free, 

'  coukI  he  do  ow  vvidiouL  .subjecting  him£ell"as  a  meiO' 


>SUPPLI:MENT  to  NILES'  FIEGISTER— treaty  QUESTIO!s\ 


n 


ijer  oftlie  comrrmnitj-  (to  say  nothing,'- of  his  imme-lfor  iTitikinp;'  atreaty  towhicli  Iiis  jiulpesliave  becom* 
dial;  connexions)  ;<>'  the  evils  of  lus  ca\ti  work.''     A   particb)   and  tliis  body  siiotild  ucciisc  hlni  in  a  con- 


r(-n  n>eicial  treaty  loo,  is  always  a  consjiicvious  mea 
Sire.  It  speaks  tov  itself.  It' cannot  take  the  garb 
ot  jispocrisy,  and  she  ller  itself  from  tlie  scniiiny  01 
a  vi;!  ihint  and  well  instiuced  popidation. — If  it  be 
bad,  it  will  be  condemned,  and  it  dishonestly  111.  dc, 
be  execrated.  The  piide  of  country  moreover, 
w  hicli  animates  even  the  lowest  of  mankind,  is  here 
a  pec  iliur  pledge  for  ihe  provident  and  v/liolesome 
exercise  of  power,  Tiicre  is  not  a  consideration  by 
wliich  a  chord  in  the  human  breast  can  be  made  to 
vibrate,  that  is  not  in  this  case  the  ally  of  duty. 
Ever'  hope  either  lofty  or  humble  that  springs  for- 
ward to  tlie  future;  even  the  vanity  wiiich  looks  no 
beyond  the  moment;  the  dread  of  shame  and  the  love 
ot'.dory;  the  instinct  of  ambivion;  the  domestic  affec- 
tions; the  cold  ponderings  of])rudcnce;  and  tne  ar- 
dent instigations  of  sentiment  and  passion,  are  all  on 
tlie  side  of  duty.  It  is  in  the  exercise  of  tliis  power 
that  responsibility  to  public  opinion,  wliicii  even 
despotism  feels  aiid  truckles  to,  is  <)f  gigantic  force. 
If  it  were  possible,  as  I  am  sure  it  is  not,  that  an 
American  citizen,  raised,  upon  thecredH  of  a  long 
life  of  virtue,  to  a  station  so  full  of  honor,  coidd  feel 
a  disposition  to  mingle  the  li  tie  interests  of  a  per- 
verted ambition  with  the  great  concerns  of  iiis  coun- 
try, as  embraced  by  a  conmiercial   treaty,  and   to 


stitutional  way,  he  will  not  easily  escape.  IJul,  be 
tliat  as  it  may,  I  ask  if  it  is  nothing  tliat  you  have 
power  to  arraign  him  as  a  cidpritr  L->  it  nothing  that 
you  can  bring  him  to  the  bar,  expose  liis  misconduct 
to  the  world,  and  bring  down  tlie  iudi.'nalion  of  Wie 
public  upon  him  and  tiiose  who  dare  to  acquit  iiim? 
If  there  be  any  power  explicitly  gr.m  el  bv  the 
constiution  to  congress,  ii  is  iliat  of  declaring  war; 
and  i;  thei-e  be  any  exercise  of  human  legisl  i  ion 
more  solemn  and  important  tiian  another,  i  is  u  de- 
claratlonof  war.  For  expansion  it  is  the  largest, 
tor  etleci  the  most  awiul  of  all  the  e:v.ctments  tt> 
which  congress  is  competent;  and  it  always  is,  op 
ought  to  be,  preceded  by  grave  and  anxious  delibe  a- 
tion  This  power  too,  is  connected  with,  or  viriu- 
ally  involves,  others  of  liigh  import  and  efficacv; 
among  which  may  be  ranked  the  power  of  gran  iiig 
lei lers  of  maique  and  reprisal,  of  regulating  c  p- 
lures,  of  proiiibiting  intercourse  witii,  or  the  ac- 
ceptance of  protections  or  licenses  from,  the  enemy 
Yet  farther;  a  power  to  declare  war  implies.  wit!i  pe- 
culiar empliasis,  a  neg;>tive  upon  all  power,  in  a:.y 
other  brancii  of  the  government,  inconsistent  witii 
the  full  and  continuing  effect  of  ir.  A  power  tt) 
makepeace  in  any  other  branch  of  tlie  govern.nenl, 
is  utterly  inconsistent  with  that  full  and  coiiiinuin 


sacrifice  her  happiness  and  jjower  by  the  stipulations  effect.  It  may  evsn  prevent  it  from  h.  vin  ,  anv  effect 
of  that  treaty,  to  flatter  or  aggrandise  a  foreign  state,  at  all;  since  peace  may  follow  almost  immediatelr 
he  would  sti'll  be  saved  from  the  perdition  of  such  a|(alUioagh  it  rarely  does  so  follow)  tjie  coinme.icc- 
rourse,  not  only  by  constitutional  checks,  but  byjmentof  a  war.  It  therefore  it  be  imdeiiiabie  tiiat 
the  irresistible'efficacy  of  responsibility  to  public  the  president,  wiih  die  advice  and  con.;eni  of  'ho 
opinion,  in  a  nation  whose  public  opinion  wears  no  senate,  has  power  to  make  a  .reaty  of  peace,  ndla- 
masque,  and  will  not  be  silenced.  He  would  re-  ble  ipso  jure,  it  is  undeniable  chat  he  lias  pover  i^ 
member  that  his  political  career  is  but  tlie  thing  of  repeal,  by  the  mere  operation  of  such  a  irea.  ,  thn 
an  hour,  and  that  when  it  has  passed  he  must  de-!  highest  acts  of  congTessional  legislation.  Ar.d  i'^ 
icend  to  the  private  sta  ion  from  which  he  rose,  the  will  not  be  questioned  tliat  this  repeding  power  is, 
object  either  of  love  and  veneration,  or  of  scorn  and  from  the  eminent  nature  of  the  war-declaring  power, 
horror.  If  we  cast  a  glance  ai  Kngland,  we  shall  not  .less  fit  to  be  made  out  by  inference  than  the  power 
fail  to  see  the  influence  of  public  opinion  upon  an  of  modifying  by  treaty  the  law;,^  which  regula  e  oui- 
hereditary  king,  and  hereditary  nobility,  and  a  house  foreign  trade.  Now,  thepresidem,  witti  tne  advice 
of  commons  elected  in  a  great  degree  by  rotten  bo-  and  consent  of  the  senate,  has  an  incontestibie  and 
roughs  and  overflowing  uiih  pLicemen. — And  if  this  uncontested  right  to  make  a  treaty  ot  peace,  of  ab- 
influence  is  potent  there  against  all  the  efibrts  of  solute  inherent  efficacy,  and  that  .00  in  virtue  of  tiie 
independent  power  and  widespread  corruption,  it  very  same  general  provision  in  the  constitution 
must  in  this  country  be  omnipotent.  _  j  which  the  refinements  of  political  speculation,  ra- 

But  the  treaty  niaking  power  of  the  president  is^ther  than  any  known  rules  of  construe  ion,  have  le.l 
furtherchecked  by  the  necessity  of  the  concurrence  some  of  us  to  suppose,  excludes  a  treaty  of  com - 
.of  two-thirds  of  the  .senate  consisting  of  men  selected  jmerce. 

by  the  legislatures  of  the  states,  themselves  elected       By  what  process  of  reasoning  will  you  be  able  to 
h\  the  people.     They  too  must  have  passed  through  extract  from  the  wide  field  of  that  general  provision 


the  probation  of  time  before  tlicy  can  be  chosen,  and 
n.ust  bring  with  them  every  title  to  confidence.  The 
-duration  of  their  office  is  liiat  ot  a  few  years;  their 
Humbcrs  are  considerable;  tlieir  constitutional  re- 
Mponsibility  as  great  as  it  can  be;  and  their  moral 
responsibility  beyond  all  calculation. 

The  power  of  iiiipeaciiinent  has  been  mentioned  as 
a  check  upon  the  pre.-.ldent  in  the  exercise  of  the 
treaty -making  capacity.  1  rely  upon  it  less  than  upon 
others,  of,  as  I  dank,  a  better  class;  but  as  the  con- 
stitution places  some  reliance  upon  it,  so  do  I.  It 
has  been  said,  that  impeactmient  has  been  tried  and 
found  wanting.  Two  impeachmen  s  have  failed,  as  1 
have  understood  (that  of  a  j  udge  was  one) — but  they 
may  have  failed  for  reasons  consistent  with  tlie  gen- 
eral elMcacy  of  such  a  proceeding.  I  kow  nothiii,^ 
••♦f  their  merits,  but  I  am  justifitd  in  supposing  tha 
the  evidence  was  defect! i  c,  or  that  the  parties  were 
innocent,  as  ihey  were  pronounced  to  be; — (.)f  this, 
however,  I  feel  assured,  that  if  it  should  ever  hap- 
pen that  the  president  is  found  to  deserve  the  pun- 


the  obnoxious  case  ot  a  commercial  treaty,  without 
forcing  along  with  it  the  ca  ,e  of  a  treaty'  o.  peace, 
and  along  with  that  again  ihe  case  of  every  possible 
treaty.''  Will  you  resi  your  distinc  ion  upon  ihe  fa- 
vorite idea  that  a  treaty  cannot  repeal  laws  compe- 
tently enacted,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  expressed, 
cannot  trench  upon  the  legislative  riglits  ot  con- 
gress' Such  a  distinction  not  only  seems  to  be  re- 
proached by  all  the  theories,  numerous  as  they  are; 
to  which  tliis  bill  has  given  birth,  but  is  against  i)^;  ..  .  < 
torious  tact  and  recent  experience.  We  ha*  e  laidi;^'^*^  -'  • 
witnessed  the  operation  in  this  respect  of  a  treatr"  * 
of  peace,  and  could  not  fail  to  draw  from  i'  this  les- 
son; that  no  sooner  does  the  president  exert,  with 
the  consent  of  the  senace,  bis  power  to  make  suth  a 
treats,  than  yoiu"  war-denouncing  law,  your  act  fby 
tetters  of  marque,  )our  prohibitory  statutes  as  to 
intercourse  and  licenses,  and  all  the  other  concomi- 
tant and  dependent  statutes,  so  far  as  they  aflfcci  die 
national  relations  with  a  foreign  enemy ,  pass  awa\  as 
a  dream,  and  in  a  moment  are  "\\  iiji  \  ears  beyond  ' 


iShment  which  imprachrncT!  sedre  ta  in+';ct  (even  the  flood."    YauT  a37;tiiHry  .''o^eiicy  v.i5  iwl  reqdir^ 


:>4^ 


CT-'-.T>'  p\frv't'  'vn  "N'fT  ^70^  pT.'riscT'ioTj ■"!''?  \'rv  /^^i.^^T^n^^ 


ill  ilic  production  of  thb  eO'ect;  ar.dl  li:;vo  not  licrird  | 
iTiaL  yoii  e^  eii  lendei-eil  it.  Voa  -..isv  yotu-  luw.s  cle- 
]').,rti!!f^  as  it  w&ie  tVuni  the  siutuie  boiik,  cxpciled 
iii)!n  tiie  su'oiiif  lickl  ot  !.iipreiii.icy  by  liie  .siig-le 
ioiceofa  li-e;i.u  oi  pcac^';  ;;iid  jt.'U  did  not  ;iUeni|)i; 
\u  s.iiV  tiieni;  \uii  tluliioi  hid  li.em  li:ii;-or  uniilyou 
si.ouid  l>ui  lueiii  t>();  }nu  neitiier  jnii  _>uiir  siioiiidcis 
{()  ilie  wiit'ei  o;  expnisioii  nor  ni;<le  un  eiiurt  to  re 
tard  ii.' — In  av\x)id,  UJti  did  iio.hiiig'.  V'»ti  sufiered 
li  em  to  fu-e  ns  a  >,ii,.cl.)vv,  and  you  know  tiiai  ihey 
M  ere  lediiced  l(»  siiiulow,  noi  by  the  necroiiKincy  of 
ustJvnaiioi;,  but  by  tiie  tuers^y  ot  cons'dtiiliona!  pow- 
er. \ti,_\(>ii  i.iid  evei_\  re.iaon  ior  ineri'crene.e  vben 
v.idcli  ;. ou  c;;ii  iiave  now.  Tiie  power  to  nuke  a 
treaty  «>t  ])c«.c.e  siund.s  up;;n  the  bai:ie  cor.s  lUtionai 
fooun;.',-  will!  ilie  power  to  make  it  commercial  leaty. 
It  is  givch  l)y  the  same  words.  It  is  exerled  in  lie 
same  m.-nnei-.  li  jjrodnces  the  same  conliict  with 
miir:icipal  Ici^ihl.aion.  'I'ne  ingenuiiv  01'  man  can- 
not uige  a  coii.-5idera(ion,  wiietner  uj)on  the  letter  or 
the  bpirit  >.t  lie  con.stituiion,  againsi  die  exi.s  ence 
■of  a  power  in  the  prcsideni  and  ^enale  10  make  a 
valid  comuiercial  ireat_\,  wluch  will  iiut,  it  i  be 
corieci  and  .sound,  di  ive  us  10  tiie  dene.';\aion  o.  tiie 
power  exerci:>cd  by  Lue  jiresiilcMt  aiia  .sciiate,  wi. ii 
uriiversai  aijprobaiKjnj  to  make  a  valid  treaty  01 
peace. 

Nay,  the  wiiole  treaty -making  power  \^•ili  be  blot- 
ted from  Uiecon^iiiuLion,  and  anew  one,  alien  to  its 
ineoi\  and  piactice,  be  made  to  supplant  it,  if  sanc- 
tion and  scope  be  given  to  ihe  principles  oi  tliis 
bid.  lliis  bill  niay  indetd  be  considered  as  the  first 
ot  many  as.saulis,  not  now  inientied  peihaps,  but  not 
therefoie  tlie  less  likeiy  o  li..jy]jen,  by  wnich  tiie 
treat} -nu.kir.g- power,  as  creaied  and  lodged  by  the 
constilutioii,  will  be  pushed  ironi  its  place,  and  com 
jjelled  to  abide  with  the  power  of  ordinary  legisla- 
tion. Ihe  example  oi  diis  bill  is  be_\ond  its  osten- 
sible liu. its.  The  pernicious  piinciple,  of  which  ii  is 
at  (;nce  the  child  and  tne  apostle,  must  woik  on- 
ward and  to  tiie  right  and  the  [tu  imtil  it  Jias  ex- 
b.iiusled  iiselirand  t  never  can  cxh  iist  Itseli  until  it 
Jias  g  tiieieainio  the  vortex  ot'  tiie  leg-isia,ive  pow- 
ers of  congress  tlie  whole  treaty -making  capacity  of 
the  gxivermiicnt.  For  iij  notwitiistanding  the  direct- 
v;es,.s  and  pi  ecisio-n  with  widcli  the  constitution  has 
ip.uikedout  the  aepar  meiu  ot  tJje  government  b\ 
which  It  w  iiis  that  treaties  shah  be  made,  and  has 
declared  that  u"eaties  so  made,  shall  li^ve  the  force 
and  digiiity  of  law,  the  itousc  of  representatives  can 
insist  ui-on  some  jiarticijjuion  in  thu'.  higli  faculty 

^xipon  the  simple  suggcs  ion  tha'.  tiie)  are  snarers  in 
legislajve  j.ower  upon  tlie  subjects  embraced  by 
any  given  treatx,  what  remains  10  be  done,  for  tiie 
traiisier  to  congress  ot'  tiie  entire  ti'eaty-makmg  fa- 
culty, as  it  appears  in  the  consti.uiion,  but  to  show 
that  congress  na>'e  legislative  power  direct  or  incli- 
7-ect  ujjoii  evcjy  m.ater  whicli  a  treaty  can  touch.'' 
And  what  are  tiie  matters  witidii  uie  jiracticabie 
raiijje  of  a  .i-eaiy  which  jour  laws  ciuinot  either 
TTiculdor  qualify  or  infiuciice.''  Imagination  has  been 
tasked  for  exiir.iples  by  Wuicn  this  que.siion  might 

-'be  answered,  li  is  ad  itled  that  iliey  must  be  feu, 
and  we  have  been  told,  as  I  think,  ot  no  more  tnan 
one.  Ii  is  ti.e  ca  e  oi  coiuraband  of  war. — 'I'liis  case 
has,  it  seems,  the  doubic  recommendation  of  being 
what  is  ciilled  an  inter -national  case  and  a  case  be- 
yoi.d  li.e  mmost  gr;usp  01  congjessiouai  legislation. 
Ireniaik  upon  it,  liiai  it  is  no  niore  an  imer-natioiiai 
•case  ihan  an}  n.aiter  of  cohibion  incment  to  the 
■trade  oi  t\\onatlon^  with  each  oilier.     I  remark  far 

-. 'tier,  thiit  a   reaty  upon  tlie  point  oi  contiabana  o 
wai'may  in. ei fere  as  vv  11   as  any  utner  treat},  wi  h 
an  act  ot  con^-esss     A  IgiVf  encevu-a^ing-,  by  a  boiuny 


or  olljerwise,  the  exportation  of  certain  commo-il- 
ties,  would  be  couiue. acted  by  an  iiiserdon  inio  the 
li^I  or'  contraband  oi  war,  111  a  .re.t,y  wiin  England 
or  Friiuce,  any  one  of  those  cauiinudities.  Tne  tre.ity 
would  lo(!k  one  way,  the  h:w  another.  And  various 
modes  migjit  re„diu  be  •,ugj.,^csted  in  wliich  congress 
ini-^nt  so  legi.-,i.iie  as  to  lay  thefoundauon  o.  repug- 
nancy between  i;s  laws  and  die  treaties  01  the  pre- 
sident and  senate  y.ih  reverence  to  contraband. — I 
deceive  iriAseif  grea.l}  if  a  subject  can  he  named 
upon  which  a  iiK.e  repugnancy  might  not  occur, 
lint  even  it  it  should  be  })iactica:le  iofurni:-.h,  ai'^er 
l.iborious  eiuj  dry  and  uieditaiioii,  a  meag:  e  and 
.•;Cam}  inventor}  01  some  half  doztn  '.opics  to  wnieU 
domestic  iegi,->iatu)n  cannot  be  made  to  extend,  will 
it  be  pretended  .iiaLS.cn  was  ilie  insigmiicant  and 
narrow  domtdn  designed  by  tne  coustitmion  var  tiie 
treaty-makingpowi  i!  K  would  appe.r  that  .here  is 
.\ith  some  gentlemen  a  wihingness  to  uisdnguisli 
between  the  iegislaiive  po.ver  expressly  granted  to 
coiig^iess  and  that  which  is  merely  iiiiplicit.  and  to 
adiiiit  tliat  a  treay  may  control  the  results  Oi  ^he 
liitter.  I'repiy  rotiiose  genlleme;!,  thato.e  legishi- 
ive  power  is  exacdy  equivalent  to  anotner,  and 
tiiHt,  uioi  cover,  tiie  wnole  legislauve  pow  er  of  con- 
;.3ieosmay  _,ustiy  be  saia  to  be  expressly  gran  ed  by 
ttie  constitution,  although  the  constitution  does  net 
enunieiate  every  vaiiet}  or  iis  exercise,  or  indicate 
ail  tne  ramifjcaiions  inio  whicii  it  may  diverge  to 
suit  the  exi.,encies  01  ti-,e  lini'.s.  1  lej^iy,  besides,  that 
even  widi  iliequalilication  o;  this  vague  distincaon, 
wiiatever  may  be  its  vrdue  or  eiiec;,  the  principle  of 
the  bill  leaves  no  adequate  spiiere  tor  thetre  ly  ma- 
king power.  I  reply  tinall}',  that  the  acknowledged 
oneriiiion  of  a  treaty  or  peace  in  re;iealing  lawa  of 
singular  strengdi  and  unbemlipg  character,  enacletl 
in  viriue  01  powers  conntuinicatedr?i  lerminis  to  con- 
gress, gives  uie  distinction  to  tne  winds. 

And  now  that  1  have  again  adverted  to  tlie  exam- 
ple ot  a  treaty  of  peace,  iet  me  call  upon  you  to  re- 
tlecton  the  answer  w.ich  that  example  affords  to  all 
lue  warnings  we  liave  received  in  this  debate  against 
tlie  mighty  danger  of  eutrustiiig  to  the  only  depai-t- 
ment  ot  the  guvei'nment,  w  iiich  the  constitution 
supposes  can  make  a  tre  ty,  .iie  incidental  preroga- 
ds  e  of  a  repealing  legislation.  It  is  inconsistent, 
we  are  desired  to  believe,  v.  iih  the  genius  01  the 
consLitution,  and  must  be  ratal  to  all  tliai  is  dear  to 
fi  eenien,  thai  an  execudve  magistrate  and  a  senate, 
who  are  not  immcdi  t  ely  elected  by  the  people, 
sliould  possess  this  authority.  We  liear  from  one 
quaitei-  tiiat  ii  it  be  so  tn«  public  libert}  is  already 
111  the  grave,  and  from  auutiier  tliat  tne  j)ublic  inter- 
est and  nqnor  are  upon  the  verge  of  it.  But  do  you 
not  perceive  that  this  picture  oi  calamity  and  shape 
is  the  mere  figment  of  excited  fancy,  disavowed  by 
tlrc  co'.isiiiutiuii  as  hysterical  and  erroneous  in  the 
case  ot  a  treaty  ot  j)eace!'  Do  you  not  see  that  if 
tlicrebeany  thing-  in  this  higii  colored  peril  it  is  a 
treaty  ot  peace  that  must  reuiize  it?  Can  we  in  triis 
view,  compare  with  the  power  to  make  such  a  treaty 
thatoi  making  a  treaty  ot  commerce.''  Are  we  una- 
ble >^o  conjecture,  wiuie  we  are  thus  brooding  over 
anliclpaied  evils  which  call  never  happen,  tliat  the 
loit}  Character  01  otir  coun.ry  ^  winch  is  but  another 
name  tor  strength  and  power)  may  be  made  to  droop 
by  a  mere  treaty  ot  peace;  tiiat  the  national  pride 
may  be  liumbied;  the  just  liopesoi  the  people  blas- 
ted; their  courage  tamed  ami  broken;  their  prosperi- 
ty stuck  lO  ilieueart;  tiieir foreign  uvals  encourag-ed 
into  arrogance  aiiei  tutored  into  encroachment,  by  a 
mere  treaty  ot  peace.''  1  coiifiuently  trust  that,  a» 
tills  never  has  been  so,  it  never  will  be  so;  but  sure- 
ly it  IB  just  4s  poi»sib4e  n^  Uiftt  a  treaty  of  cowinnercc 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILKS'  RKGISTKR—TIiEATY  QUESTION. 


85 


should  ever  be  mnde  to  sliackle  the  free  !o.ii  of  tliis 
niitioii,  01- check  its  nuu-cu  to  cue  oTe:iuieas  ainl  j^io- 
ry  thai  av.-ait  it.  I  know  noi  indeed,  liou^  it  c.\n  se-j 
riouslvbe  ;houg-iit  tiuit  our  libcraeb  are  in  hu-,;.a-d 
from  rhesmail  witcliery  oi  alreaty  oicomiiierce,  uud 
yei  in  none  from  the  potent  eiichantuieuts  by  wiucn 
a  treaty  oi'peace  may  strive  lO  en  laral  uicai.  i  uiu 
at  a  loss  to  cuncei\e  by  what  ibrm  oi"  words,  by 
vhat  hitherto  unl Mrd  of  s.ipuLiUuus,  a  comm.'rau! 
trcitv  is  to  barter  away  tlie  freedom  oi"  uniied  A- 
meri'ra,  or  oianv  tl,e  sinaliesV  poruon  oi  it.  1  cau- 
noi  hg-iire  to  myselv'  he  possibility  iliai.  sucii  a  pro- 
ject Can  ever  find  its  way  into  tne  head  or  iiearL  oi 
any  man  or  ^et  of  men  wiiom  tins  OAiioa  may  seieci 
as'the  depositories  of  its  power;  but  1  am  q  ate  sure 
tl\ai  an  attempt  to  excite  such  a  projec  in  a  com- 
mercia!  treaty,  or  in  any  other  treaty  or  in  any  odier 
mode,  could  "work  no  other  ell^ct  than  the  destruc- 
tion of  those  wlio  should  venture  10  be  parlies  -  >  n, 
no  matter  wiietiier  a  pi-esideat,  3en..te  or  a  witoic 
cons^Tess.  Man}-  extreme  cases  have  been  put  lu. 
illu'striiion  in  diis  debate;  and  tills  is  one  of  them; 
andlupke  he  occasion  wiiich  il  otters  to  lUjni.ou, 
that  to  ai-ijue  from  extreme  cases  "is  seldom  logical, 
and,  upon  a  question  oi'  iiitcrp.  euuion,  never  oo 
We  can  only  brini;- bj.ck  ilie  means  of  delusion,  i 
we  wander  into  the  re;.^-ious  of  tic  ion  an.d  expurt 
the  wilds  of  bare  possioiii.y  in  se.u'ch  oi  ru.es  tji 
real  life  ar.d  uciual  ordinary  cases,  iiy  argtiin^ 
IkVoni  I'ne  po=si!jle  abuse  of  power  aijainsl  lue  Uoe  or 
esi.steice  olit,  vou  r,-i.\.y  a.ia  must  cume  lo  tiic  cjji- 
clusion,  hat  tliere  o-gni  not  to  be,  una  is  nui,  aiu 
government  in  this  coantry  or  in  the  world.  iJi:.o. - 
guiiization  and  anarciiy  are  the  sole  consequences 
thai  can  be  deduced'  from  sucli  rea-oaing-^  ■\\  iio  i.-> 
it  that  ma\'  not  abuae  me  power  li.cit  has  been  con- 
fided to  him'?  May  not  yvd,  a.s  weii  as  tfie  otaei 
brandies  of  the  si;ov"e:nmeni?  And,  if  we  may,  dues 
noL  the  argument  from  exi. erne  cases  prove  •U'^  wc 
ought  ;0  liave  no  power,  and  that  we  nave  no  power.' 
And  does  it  not,  therelbre,  after  iiavinji  served  rbr 
im  instant  the  purposes  of  this  bill,  lui-n  shori  upoi. 
andcoiidemn  its  wiujle  ineory,  WiiiCii  attrioji.eo  t<; 
us,  not  meiei)  the  p  )wer  wiuca  is  oar  ow^i,  bat  in- 
ordinaie  power,  to  be  gahied  only  by  wresting- i- 
from  others.''  Our  cons.iiutional  and  moral  "secu>  iy 
against  the  abuses  of  liie  exec. rave  governnicn 
have  already  been  ex))lained.  i  vviii  only  add  liia. 
a  great  and  manifest  abtise  of  die  delegated  auiliori- 
ty  to  make  treaties  would  create  no  ouiigaaoii  aa^ 
Avhere.  If  ever  it  should  occur,  as  I  coafideriu^ 
believe  it  never  will,  tlie  evil  musi  iind  its  coricc 
tive  in  the  wisdom  and  firmne  s,  not  of  tliis  bod^ 
only,  but  of  the  whole  body  ot  tlie  people  co-opcai 
ing  with  it.  It  is  alter  all  in  tue  people,  upon  waose 
Atlantean  shoulders  otu*  wnole  republican  s)  stem 
reposes,  that  you  must  expect  that  recuperative 
power,  that  redeeming  and  regenerating  spirit,  by 
which  the  constitution  is  to  be  purihcd  and  rediii- 
legrated  wiien  extravagant  abuse  Has  cankered  it. 

In  addition  to  the  cxa.nple  of  a  treaty  of  peace 
wiiich  I  have  just  been  considering,  let  i:ie  pm 
Another  of  which  none  of  us  can  qtiestiim  the  reaiiy. 
The  president  may  excrcisetiic  power  of  pardoning, 
saveonly  in  the  case  of  impcachmeati.  The  powei- 
V)f  pardoning  i's  not  Cvjnuiiunica  ed  by  wortis  nuftc 
precise  or  compreliensi\e  than  the  power  o  make 
treaties.  But  to  what  does  it  amount.''  Is  not  every 
pardon  pro  hac  vice  a  repeal  of  the  penal  law  against 
which  it  gives  jirotection?  Does  it  not  ride  over  the 
law,  resist  its  command,  and  ex'i.iguisii  its  tifec  .'' 
Does  it  not  even  control  tlie  com'oiaed  torce of  judi- 
cature and  legislation.''  Yet,  liave  we  ever  Heard 
that  your  legislative  rights  v,"crc  an  oscepuoii  out 


of  the  prerogative  of  hicrc/.'  wlio  li.as  ever  pretend 
ed   tiial  this    I'acuky   c.amot,  if  rcgaiariy   exe  ted, 
wrestle  witii  the  sirong-est  of  jour's  atutes.'     I   ma'." 
be  lokl,  iiKit  the  pardoning  power  necessarily    ini- 
poi-ts  a  control  over  the  penal  code,  if  it  be   exerci- 
sed in  tlie  iorm  i>f  a  p.u-don.     I  answer,    he  p.iw  er 
lO  niake  treaties  equ.aiy  inipor  s  a  power  to  put  out 
of_  he  Way  sucli  par'.s  of    the  civil' code  as    interfere 
w.ith  its  operation,  if  tiiat  povi-ei-  be  exerted   in  die 
form  .'    a  treaty.     There  is  no  difference   in  theii* 
c^eiice.     Y  )u  iej-islate  in  boiii  cases  subiect  to  the- 
power.     And  thi.,  insiatice  furnislios  another  answev 
.x6  i   have  already   intii.attd  to    tiie  pitdiciions   of 
abuse  with  wnicii,  on  this  occasion,   it  has  been  en- 
deavored to  appal   us.     The  pardoning  powe;-  is   in 

iie  president  aione.  He  is  not  even  cV.ecked  bv  the 
necessity  of  sena  orial  coiiciu-rence.  He  ma>  by  his 
•.mgie  fiat  exa-act  the  stiiig  from  \our  proude.st  en- 

cimenis — and  .save  from  U.eir  vengeance  a  co;ryicl- 
cd  oif'eiider. 

Sir,  \ou  nave  my  geiierad  notions  Ujion  the  bill  be- 
I ore  you.  Tliey  have  no  claim  lo  n^ivei  y.  1  iml.'ibed 
taem  h-om  some  of  the  heroes  ami  sages  who  surviv- 
ed tue  storm  «f  tliat  coatesi  ^o  whic  \  .Vmei'ica  was 
-,ummoaedin  iier cradle.  I  imbibed  the.ti  f.om  the 
i«.t.ier  or  his  country.  My  understandisg  approved 
-aem,  wi  h  the  full  concurrence  of  my  iiea-t,  when 
i  vv.ts  mucii  younger  tlian  lam  now;  aiidl  feclno  dis- 
position to  discard,  tuem  now  that  age  aiid  feebleness 
•,re  abou    to  overtake  me.     I  could  aav  m Jie — much 

aore— upon  this  ingh  quesdon;  bu.  "l  want  lieaith 
and  strength.  I^  is  peihaps  orttinate  for  tlie  house 
dial  1  do;  as  it  prevents  me  from  fatiguing  them  as 
mucii  as  i  am  faiigued  m-,  self 

Mr.  Randolph  rose.  lie  said  he  was  certainly 
very  rar  n-om  Oeiig  among  tho  -e,  if  any  tiiere  were, 

viio  rejoicetl  in  the  personal  indisposition  wiiich  de- 


piived  tiie  house  of  the  very  ingenious,  correct,  and, 
ae  migat  add  a'de  argument  with  which  they  iiad 
just  been  entertained.  On  tiie  contrary,  Mr.  11.  said, 
.le  had  listened  to  it  with  very  great  pleasure,  as  a 
specimen  of  the  powers  of  tiie  human  mind  widch 
ae  Was  not  of  en  accustomed  to  witness,  even  in 
diis  ao  lOi-able  House.  Hut  iioiwithitanding  this  dis. 
play  of  eliqaence,  he  wis  disposed  to  return  to  au 
t^ijinion,  wnica  he  had  entertained  when  lie  first  took 
Ills  seat  on  Monday  last,  that  his  que-Aion  was  swol!\ 
by  in e  strange,  not  to  say  injudicious  management 
ot  it,  to  an  iaipor.ance  whica  is  real  merits  do  not 
deserve.  I  give  up  to  the  gentleni.ia  from  Maryland 
(saitL  .Mr.  R  )— I  am  told  iie  is  from  JM.iryland— to 
lus  uimos..  tiuyand  indignation,  those  fiiiciful  and 
h.ie-.,puii  tlieoiies  wliicii  seem  o  interdict  die  ex- 
ecutive of  tiie  United  Si  ales  from  negocialiag  a  com- 
mercial or  aii\  o  her  treaty  whatsoever  wi  h  any  tor  • 
eiga  power.  On  iliis  point,  sir,  1  agree  wiiii  tiie 
fjeatienian  aliogetiier.  I  go  win  him  the  whole 
leagtu,  that  it  is  competent  to  the  president  and 
senate  to  negociate  a  treaty  of  coiumerce,  alliance 
and  subsidy  wilU  an\  foreign  power,  from  die  great- 
est potentate  in  Eurojic,  down  to  aCliickasaw  chief. 
The  lionoraole  gendenun  will  excu-->e  me  when  I 
rise  lo  decl.u-e  tuat,  bowioev^r  I  have  been  gratified 
in  the  dwplay  wiiich  ae  nas  made  otliis  abilides,  in 
one  reaped  heceit.iinl  has  tlisappoir.ted  ine.  The 
iionurabic  geutlcnum  will  excuse  me  wiien  i  sav,  lie 
has  not  met  the  quction.  Tiie  question,  said  .Mr. 
U.  is  Hot,  the  compcLency  of  lie  executive  to  ie:^o- 
ciate  commercial  or  other  treade>;  but  its  competen- 
cy, in  doing  so,  to  repeal  exis  iug  laws  of  the  land, 
and  en.ictotaer  laws  ia  their  stead — in  otiior  words, 
tne  question  is,  the  compe  e  icy  of  tiie  executive  tr» 
do  by  a-eaty  liiat  wliicii  can  be  done,  .s  we  contend, 
enly  by  UgisUviv^  acU-    TUit  is  ;Ue  questwii.    li' 


3& 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREAT V  QLE.-5T10K 


?;e  unrlers'ood  the   pfeiit1em:»n,  M r.  R.    said,  lie  hud  peied  wi  ]j  delicacies  which  habit  has   made  neceS; 
ufclared  that  I'ue  bid  l^cfore  the  house  was  not  in  sai-y  to   his  eiiioMuciUs.^ 


Bat,   ^-i-iiiuiiit;-    me    ari;u- 

("xeciition  ot  the  treaty,  that  it  contained  no  auxilia-!  aieii  s  of  the  j>-r.iUeiiKiii  from  Maryland,  deeming  of^ 

ry  enactinent.-i; 'hat  it  was  not  necessary  that  tiie  bill  the  re>ij)'jnsibiu'.y  or  the  ;)reside:it  as  ne  deems,     we 

siioidd  pass  at  all — th.^t  it  was  a  twin-brother  o'  the  wouid  make  assuraiice  doablv  sure,  and  take   a  bond 


treaty.     It' the  g^entlenian    iiad  pursued  his  aiialog'v 

v»i,h  respect  to  laws  and   treaties,  he  would   iiave 

<ound  thissccondtwin-biotlier  worthy  (jf  beini^  iiur 

tuixd  and  bi-ouglit  toman's  c-itate,  insteral  of  being 

irealcd  as  illeg-iiimate  and  stifled  in  ils  bii   ■  ;    that 

■(.'lis  poor  liill,-::  twin,  wide:)  cainesecond  iiest  in  the 

v.orkl,  had  not  that  fair  division  of  the   jjatrimoniaT  to-day  ;is  ir  tor  tlie  lirst  time.     It   is   an    anomalv — 


ot  taie  lor  the  c<irrect  discliar^-e  of  the  executive 
functions  in  this  respect.  Tne  gentleman  fiom 
-Maryiundhad  said,  that  if  the  doctrine  supported 
by  die  friends  or  trds  bid  were  sound,  this  constitu- 
tion was  an  .monialy  in  governvnen;.  It  is  so,  Mr. 
H.  said — and  ne  Was    surprised  to  hear  it  found    out 


Ml 


isia  e  wl.ich  our  laws  provide;  tliat  it  was  in  short 
e  put  out  of  tlie  Way,  th;.t  the  pi-e.,idential  heir 
.lyinherii  and  erjoy  thewliole  estate.  If  thi^  bill 
'■'.  ere  necessary,  riien,  the  geiitleinan  had  said,  that 
'.  le  presidtnl  and '-cnaie  had  been  guilty  of  a  ire- 
r. melons  usiirpalion.  How  far  this  view  of  the  que  - 
tinn  nd.^ht  bear  on  tlie  ultiiuate  vote  of  tl'.e  house, 
Ni:.  II.  said,    he  could  no'  snv,   but   it   would   bear 


lappily  lor  us  tUaL  ii  is,  and  long  mig-iit  it  contiime- 


sor 


Tne  gentleinan  from    Maryland  had  said,    if  the 

sanction  of  tiiis  iiouse  became  necessary  to  carr\  a 
lre;tty  inio  eH'ecL,  it  was  not  .mly  in  tlieir  power,  but 
it  was  their  (buy  to  pass  a  bill  ".or  tiiai  pm-pose. — 
Mr.  R.  said  he  would  grant  ine  gentleman  his  posi- 
tion with  a  small  modificalion — he  would  grant  it,  if 


eiy  iiard  upon  ihe  picsiden;,"  if  the  vote  should  beh-'-e  geademan  would  add  a  proviso,  tiiat  the  pr.vi- 
<;)-day  as  it  was  veslcrd;iv.  if  tiie  argument  of  the!  ^i'"  o*  said  treaty  did  no.  betray  thegreat  interests, 
I  e;<-ien\;oi  trom  Mar\laiid  were  correct,  unless  his] ''"^^'i^ie^.  o'"  I'i.gnts  of  Lhe  nation.  Tlie  ;';en!lenian 
r-presen  Mijons  on  tids  head  should  ma' erially  afl'ecl  j  "^<^^  P*^''-^  ^^^^  f-'-'C  of  a  definiiion   of  contraband    by 

u  vote  of  the  house,  that  decision  would  bear  hard|  t^i't-iy,  »>*  being  paramount  to  a  law  of  congress  eii- 
'M  (he  president  and  senate.     Hul  a  few  minutes  he- 1 '^"^f'^gi'iS"  Uie  cuhure  of  tne   article  declared  con- 


e  tiie  gentleinan  had  deii\ered  his  sentiments, 
'  le  senate  tliemselves  had  in  open  coui-t  jilead  guilty 
'i  )  liic  cli..rge  oi'usuriK.tioii;  tor  they  had  sent  down 
Mliis  house  a  bill,  either  something  or  nothing, 
nliich.  if  any  thing,  liail  pronounced  their  usurpa 
'  ;o         " "    ' 


traband;  a  case  which  would,  according  lo  bis  huin- 
blejudguiewi,  Mr.  Ji.  said,  better  suit  a  court  of  ad- 
miraliy  ilian  a  iegis.auve  nail.  But  he  ougiit,  he- 
ailded,  to  be  obliged  lo  the  honorable  gentlein  ui, 
toi-  having  laken  inio  his  argument  an  idea   whicii 


If  the  treaty  were,  what   the  gentleman    con-P^*'"-  ii-  "ad  yesterday  endeavoured  to  embody  in  his 
tended,  i/j^ofacfoihe  law  o    the  land',  the  bill  which  own—kn;  he  said,  taking  die  very  case  the  gentle- 


!  'le  senate  liad  seiit  down  was  mere  surplusage.    We 


man  liadput,  tliere  could  not  be  a  sironger  selected 


o  not  deiiv,  said  .Mi-.  R.  that  a  treaty,"  Uie'ratifica-  ^^   P'""''^  ^^^^^  ^'^^  general  argument  Was  untenable. 
ion  being"  exch.'mgcd,   has  exis  ence  withour    thc| ''^Pl-'"^^/'"^   execuiive  were   to  make  a  treaty,  iit 


s  >nc  ion  of  (his  house— at  least  I  do  not  deny  it— |  ^"»"-'''  ^bacco,  rice  and  cotton  were  declared  con- 
i.dlam  responsible  for  no  m.m's  opinion  but  niy  ( l''^'^''"*^^  "' >^^^' — o  vvhich  he  might  add  bread  stuffs, 
■  vn,  glad  enough  at  limes  if  I  were  i.-responsibrc  "'"''•'■'-■'■.' ^^''^^ '^^^^*' 0""'"=*» '^"'•5'>i»s '^*"'*"  «'>i"t«-  Would 
<  .r  them— but  i  do  contend  that  a  trea'y  does  not^I"^^  this  treaty  require  legislative  enacunent  to  cany 
■eprive  t-iish,ouse  of  one  jo  ,  one  tittle  of  ils  legis-:"  i'"-"  *^"'^ct;  or  wouid  ii,like  a  treaty  of  peace,  r«- 
i'itiveand  constitutional  anthoriy.  I  am  not  in  the  *l'"''f  '>"  i"  erveniion  on  the  part  ol  tlus  house.^  It 
l.mguageof  the  learned  dr)Ctor  of  laws  in  Padua  to  would  nave  diat  effect  perhaps  m  a  British  court  of 
Shvlock,  M  ke  thou  thepomid  offlesiibnt  not  one7'<^'^-';''.''''^''^^^y  ^^  ^^^^i'''-^' '^'"^'^'^"ce,  or  Bermuda: 
jot'of  blood'— I  am  not  for  giving  to  the  president  I  ^^^>  ^^^  the. gentleman  innis  hea.-t  believe  tiiat  such 
and  senate  the  treatv-m.iking  power  and  then  deny-!  ^  "■'^^'^--  'r"''^^^  hecome  the  law  of  the  land  on  tiie  in- 
ingtothem  the  use  of  it;  but  lam    for  giving   tol '*^'*"^°^^'•**  P'omulgation.'  It   could  no.  stand;  the 


-I  hope  not  to  be  oppressed-bv  laws  of  our  ownl  "'""  »     ',  ^"'^^"e'-  it^  "i'\tenis  b 

enaction.'     If  the  president  and  senate   iro    I  ack  tol  '■''''^^-       ^  "f  treaty,  Mr.  U.  said,  came  to  him  m  a- 


presiaent  anci  senate  go 
the  commun' 
deinnation — 

sav  odiet  arceu;  for  I  have  long  lost  my  f  dth  in  theo 
lies,  and  in  theorists   too — if  tiie  prcsidetit  and  se- 
nate feel    dieir   accountability   to  the  people,  how 
■I. uch  more  are  we  amenable  to  Vaein,  when  we    re- 
turn wi'h  the  same  rcsnor.sibility,  and  ;t  shoner  pe- 
;  i:hIs,  to  our  coustiiuen's.     If  there  be  any  truth  in 
the  old  adage,    hat  slann  accounts  make  lot'ig  friends 
'.vc  shall  stand  on  as   good  footing  with  our  neigh- 
i.ors  as  some  presidents  who  have  retired  to  private 
life.     Our  responsibility  is  gre  ter  than  tha.  of  the 
-.n-csidentand  senate.     What  is  the  responsibili  y  of 
.1  in  m  who  is  to  letire,  after  a  service  of  eight  or  ten 
years,  to  palaces  whicli  he  has  built  with  the  plunder 
f)f  his  country — of  a  man  who  has  enriched  his  rela- 
'  Ives  by  a  species  of  nepotism,  and  surrounded   him- 
Velf"  wih  a  society  of  his  own — who  can  be  content 
,'osit  down  with  infamy  in  private  life,  provided  his 
bag-s-are  swelled  to  disteotion,  and  iiis  appetite  pam- 


itv,  to  receive  their  approbation  or  con-i  "'"^  '-"S'?^'}^^^  '"'f  ^=  ^''^  ^f  disposed  to  ratity  it 
I'speakofthe  theory,   of  which  I   rn-^y\h   i^S^^^-^^^^n-^nd,  if  legislauve  enaciment  were 

■     -•         -        ■  ■"   not  necessary,  whence  the   bill  whicu  had  i>as»ed  te» 

its  third  reading  in  tais  house;  and  waence  tne  hill 
from  the  senate.''  If  a  tre:iiy  were  of  that  pervading 
force,  that  like  .Mercury,  it  searcaes  tae  remotest 
parts  of  the  constitution,  why  die  bill  whicii  la  liiis 
house  had  progressed  so  far — and  waicii,  he  liojied, 
would  pass  lo  me  senate,  wiiatever  imputation,  .ic- 
cordmg  to  tlie  geiuietuan's  argument,  n  might  cas.t 
on  ihe  e.xccuLivi;  of  rank  aiid  treaieadous  usurpa- 
tion. 

For  his  part,  Mr.  R.  said,  he  was  extremely  sorry 
that  this  should  happen  to  be  the  only  occasion, 
which  had  come  wi  hin  his  cognizance  lately,  in 
which,  according  to  the  illustration  of  ihe  honour- 
i«ble  gentleman  from  Maryland,  the  house  had  refu- 
sed, like  the  clerk  in  tiie  churcli,  to  make  the  ap- 
])oin  ed  responses  to  the  ministei-.  Mr.  It.  said,  he 
Wits  net  jjn£  of  tlipee  who  weal'i  construe  thj<)>  oc- 


s^*pi»:.':.mi:n  r  to  nilks'  iiegisteh— treaty  question. 


37 


•  irrcnce  into  unv  imputation  on  tlie  majority,  any 
»!i.-.t'    iic'ii  OM  ..-x  iiiiro.iu  ui'  t'.iC  house;  a>v  it  nap- 
]ir-.:-.tl  l,j  he   a   l^\()-L-il;4'(;(l   sworJ — ii  cat  us    inucii 
'n.A)H  tiif  rij'iK  liuna  iis  upon  the  left,  unci  as   miicn 
w'p'.iii  the  lei  I  h;>nd  as  upon  tlie     ight.     0:ie  side,  ue 
s.ii,;,   ULiiiit:a:.ed    its    consistency,   because  it  cost 
ii.Lin  MO' .i 'g;  .lid  Mieodicr  side  of  .lie  iiouse  niuiu- 
X::v.  ed  iiiei:  M  lor  tiie  janie  reason.     We  are  eacii  uiid 
uji  oi  us,  ni.id  iie,  i)i..i;it.dning  our  consistency,  and 
oil  the  »c:3t  po^Mble  teniiS — tor  it  cjs  s  us  noliiiiijj 
'I'l.c  bid    beio;  e  us  g-ives  no    power;   ii   takes  none 
an, I, — il  be^u)  ■.  a  noi  praise,  ii  conveys  no  censure, 
excep.  wiiat  ni.a  be  inferred  from  the  argument  oi 
■Hic  iio.io.able   geiu.einaii.     Mr.  R   wished,  i.e  jaid, 
tli.u  in    die   luuue  pro.^ress   of  tueir  deliberations 
the  consi-.tiio  ot  one  sideT)f  the  liouse  nUj^nt    be 
tqu.dl\  niaiiuaiiied;    i.e    wished   tnat    the    spirit  ot 
ti.t  .nb'.u'.'.istraiion  o!  T;.oiiias  Jefierson,  of  die  tirs. 
coiii^re-Sassiinbied  u.ider  nis  adiniiiisuaiion,  niig.u 
be  ni.dn'udiied  by  i':e  ir.ujo.  iiy  of  Uiis  nouse  ot  tne 
pesCi'.i   da} — even  il   tue  iniuori  )  snouid,    tor  tne 
s..keo(  coii.^istenc  ,   be  obii,<ed   to   take  tue  oilier 
side,  aiiu  io^d  die  country  wiih  deb.s,  laxes,  amiies 
arid  navies,  and  -.li  tne  constiuient  elements  of  te- 
d'..  di.iiii,  under  tl;e  name  oi  democracy.     Yes,  Mr. 
It  s,  iu,  ne  wiM.ed  thai  the  coiioiscency  of  one  side 
1...1..  .     be  .n.aiiuiined,  even    at    die  expense  ol  the 
cu.i-,ir,.eiic_\    of  ilie  o  licr — bu  ,   ne  bedtvcd  lie  was 
t.  .iveia.i-  "a  little  oui  oi  tne  record.  To  return  to  tne 
q:ies.i.>ii. 

:>',..  R.said,  lie  would  .suppose  that  this  commer- 
ei  A  Lie,.i_\  iiad  s'ipula.ed  that  a  duty  not  exceeding- 
a  certain  amoun  ,    s)ioiiid  be    imposed  by    die  iwo 
co.i  r.iCiing-  parlies  on  certain   inanuf.ci.ures,  pecu- 
liar :o  ourselves  onh,  and  operating  therefore,  on 
U.S   exclu.-.ivel\       Could  ihere  be  a  doub    tliat  this 
house  would  refuse  to  carry  that  treaty  into  eti'ect 
b;    p..-,.sing-   laws    l..,ing    tiie    necessary  taxes,   and 
w'ouid   ie.ive  i.   to  Great  Britain,    if  she  chose,    to 
ni.ike  It  a  cuuse  of  war  with  us?  Have  not  mis  House 
tie  poA^er,  and  would  they  no    use  it,  of  carrying 
stic'i    a  treaty    into    etfect;  or,  r   ii  seems    good    to 
them,  to  retiise  to  carry  it  into  etteci,  leaving  it  to 
the  option  of    lie  other  party   to  make  it  a  cau^e  ot 
war  or   no  ?   But,  the    gentleman    had    said,  gran 
these  doctrines  to  be  correct,  and  we  are   tne  most 
miior'.una  e    people  under  the  sun — we  could  nave 
no  tre:;lie..!  Was  there  any  fear,  Mr.  Ii.  a^ked— was 
the  tlieory  of  our  governiiient  so  liitle  understood, 
and  the  practice  so'  mucn  forgotten,  that  it  could  be 
supposed  there  would  ever  be  wanting  in  .his  house 
a  pioper  degree  of  deference  (he  would  not  say  an 
improper  degree  of  defcience)  to    tne  wisdom  and 
counsels  of  \he  executive?  Let  us  suppose  it  possi- 
ble, however,  s:ud  Mr   K.  tiiat  we  should  be  placed 
in  this  untortunate  situation;  tha^  it  siiouldnot  be 
in  our  power  to  make  a  commercial  treaty  with  any 
people  under  the  sun— I  believe  the  sun  would  still 
shine  as  bright,  and  the  ,;;rass  grow  as  green  as  ever. 
Are,  we,  sir,  to  suppose,  in  this  young  country,  that 
all  diplomatic  skill  resides  witii  us — and   go  abroad 


ty  of  Paris  might  form  an  exception  to  the  general 
rule,  but,   like  all  excep dons,   it   would  oidv  prove 
die  rule.     The   circumstance  he  had  referred   t<i 
grew  out  of  the  form  of  the  government  of  Great 
Hiitain.     As   the   fi:)rm  of  our  government  is  more 
popular  than  hers,   our  proceedings  more  public, 
iiud  as  we  are  equally  liable  to  that  state  of  faction 
which  is  die  shadow  of  liberty,  and  proves  tlie  sul;- 
staiice  to   exist,   un'  il   it  shall  be  put  down  by  the 
trong  arm  of  military  des])otism — whatever  we  get 
ibioad  we  may  expect  to  pay  tor.  We  must  pay,  and 
dearly   too,   .Mr.    II.   said,   tor   any  advantages    we 
should  obtain  from  those  wily  kings  and  ministert* 
broad,  wiio  have  grown  grey  in  diplomacv,  whick 
is  but  another  name  for  duplicity.     After  the  treaty 
of  1783,  he  said,  we  sent  ministers  abroad  atreat^- 
m;;king  with  every  power  that  would  treat  with  us, 
by  w-ay  of  trying  our  manhood — we  had  just  come 
of  age,  taken  our  affairs   into  our   own  liands — he 
had  known  muny  young  heirs  try  their  skill  in  mak- 
ing bargains  wi  h  their  more  wary  neighbours,  nntii 
ihey  bargained  away  their  whole  estate.     To  sunii, 
perhaps,  it  wou;d  be  no  injurious  restraint  if  they 
were  debarred  the  treaty-making  power  until  they 
arrived  at  years  of  discretion.  We  shall  get  nothing 
at  all    from  these  foreign  nations,  he  assured    the 
nouse,  without  giving  therefor  a  full  equivdcnt. 
The  honomble  gentleman  fi-om  Maryland  had  st:,- 
ed,  that  if  the  president   and  seiuue  bad  not  the 
power  to  make  a  comiiiercial  treaty,  and  that  treaty 
when  made  did  noi  instantly  become  the  law  of  tli« 
land,  then  tiie  presielent  and  senate  have  the  power 
to  make   no  treaty — and  yet  the  gentleman  had  tur- 
nished  in  the  course  of  his  own  argument   an  in. 
stance    in   direct   contradiction  of  this  position — 
that  is,  a  treaty  of  peace,  wldch  did  not  in  any  shape 
require  the   sanction  of  'his  house. — Tlie  treaty  of 
peace,  dien,  is  an  exception  to  t  le  necessity  of  the 
intervention  of  this  house  to  carry  treaties  into  ef- 
fect; and  i    niigla  be  said  that  a  naked  treaty  of 
peace — "let  there  be  peace,  and  there  was  peace" — 
was  almost  the  only  treaty  whicli  could  be  negocia- 
ted,  that  did  not  reqtiire  the  consent  of  tliis  house. 
Uitder  the  old  confederation,  iiowever,  it  was  sai4 
congress  had  made  an  alliance  with  France.     This, 
Mr.  R.  observed,  was  a  strong  case  for  the  gentlt— 


man's  argument — tor  it  might  be  s;ud,  if  the  ol4 
congi-ess,  confessedly  inferior  in  power,  possessed 
■  he  right  to  make  a  treaty  of  alliance  which  ha4 
been  near  involving  us  in  the  vortex  of  the  Frenck 
revolution,  a  foriiuri  the  president  and  senate  novr 
ought  to  have  the  power.  He  agreed  to  the  force  of 
Ids  argument,  if  for  president  and  senate  the  gi>- 
vernment  was  substituted.  This  brought  him,  he 
said,  to  the  old  opprobrium  of  legislation,  that  the 
qties  ion  started  is  seldom  the  question  run  down — 
the  question  was,  do  the  president  and  senate  pos- 
sess tlie  power,  exclusive  and  independent  of  the 
legislative  power,  to  bind  the  people  in  all  cases 
wiiatsocver,  and  to  m:die  treaties  paiamount  to  ali 
lav,'  Tiiat  was   die  point — diat   was  the    git  of  the 


tre.itv-makiiig  as  liutlibrass  and  Don  Quixotic  in 'question — there  the  argument  rubbed. 


quest  of  adventures,  expecting  to  gain  ail  the  ad- 
vantages and  receive  no  blows  in  return?  No  two 
kniglits,  Mr.  li.  said,  were  ever  more  wofuUy  mista- 
ken; but  not  more  than  we  slioidd  be,  eutcriaining 
notions  equali}'  absurd.  No,  sa  d  Mr.  R.  if  we  make 
a  treaty  vvith  any  people  under  the  sun,  we  must 
give  a  quid  pro  quo,  and  must  :dways  expect  to  gtve 
more  than  we  get.  It  had  been,  he  said,  a  niaxiiu  m 
Great  Britain  before  the  separation  of  the  United 
States  from  tiiat  goveriinient,  an.d  it  was  a  maxim 
yet,  that  whate\  er  she  had  acc|uired  by  the  valor  ot' 
tt^-  ai-ms,  she  hid  lost  by  ne^-ocii.tlou.  'I'uc  Ust  trcu- 


If,  instead  of  a  treaty  of  commerce,  the  treaty 
now  under  consideraticju  had  been  a  treaty  of  alli- 
ance andsubsidv,  could  the  troops  have  been  raised 
or  taxes  levied  without  the  intervention  of  the  le- 
gislative authority  of  this  house?  .Mr.  H.  said  they 
could  not;  and  he  had  understood  the  gentlemiui  also 
to  admit  this.  What,  then,  was  the  amoimt  of  the 
dillercnce  between  the  gentleman  and  himself''  It 
uas  this.  That  Mr.  R  contended,  this  tre.ity  bcln^ 
in  hi.^  opinion  one  requiring  legi.-datiie  enactment 
to  carrv  it  into  ellcct,  this  house  was  to  exercise  its 
le-iisbtiye  power  in  tiiis  resnect  iTndcr  a  por'.d  dis- 


m 


SiUPPLEMENT  TO  NU.ES*  REGTSTER— TREATY  QrESTION. 


cretion,  and  a  liigh  rcsponsiliiUty  for  the  public 
g-ood.  It  was  not  in  Mr.  R's.  opinion  a  sound  con- 
struction, because  it  vvus  competent  to  the  president 
and  senate  to  make  a  trea'y  of  peace,  that  the}' 
could  repeal  or  Tnodify  a  law  layina:  a  tax.  Misera- 
ble indeed  woidd  be  the  condition  o;'  linmanity,  if 
the  power  to  put  an  end  to  tlie  calamities  of  vv;u- 
eould  not  be  entrusted  to  them — and,  bv  tlie  wav, 
31r.  R.  said,  lie  had  no  iiesitation  in  s.iyiiig-  tiiat  with 
all  the  pride,  and  consequence  and  airs  that  tlie  (go- 
vernment liad  g-iven  to  iiself,  evt.i  in  thi.s  trcitv  of 
peace,  in  tiiat  simple  aj^reement  'let  the  conflic! 
cease,'  oiu"  adversary  had  g'ot  a  fair  and  full  equi\a 
lent;  for  she  got  f  11  as  much  as  she  gave. 

The  president  and  senate  may   restore  tlie  rela- 
tions   oi   peace,    it    liad  been    arg-ued — Miglit  tlie\ 
therefore,  Mr.  R.  asked,  repeal    all  the  laws  of  tlie 
land,  by  treaty.''  But    it  seemed,  the  president  and 
senate  were  controlled  by  public  opini  m,  and  tlmt 
was  a  sufficient  check — alludin;,''  he  supposed  to  tlie 
press,  "he  great,  ba  lery  of  public  opinion.  Why  then 
had  it  not  been  said  in  Uie  constitution,  let  tiiere  be 
a.  public  opinion,  and  all  is  safe — lit  is  eno\i_a;h  for  us 
if  the  acts  of  our  rulers  may  be  freelv  canvassed      I 
believe,  said  Mr.  R.  tliat  our  rig'hts  and  liberties  are 
safe,  but  in  a  very  liifFerent  repository  from  tliat  re- 
ferred to — in  the  state  leii-islatures,  in  the  bosom  o? 
the  free  yeomanry  of  the  country — asserted  by  their  i 
muskets  and  their  rifles,  and  never  yiel  led  unless 
cautiously  and  warily  attacked — tmless   the  ground  ^ 
be  broken  at  a  vast  distance  from  the  centinels  of 
public  liberty,  and  the  approach  secretly  made.  I 

Was  the  sanction  of  the  hotise  necessarv  to  carry  i 
tills  treaty  into  elfect.''  It  was,  or  it  was  iiot.  If  it ; 
was,  the  president  and  senate  had  been  guilty,  iff 
was  said,  of  gross  usurpation.  But  the  gentleman! 
from  Maryland  liad  ackno\vledged  that  a.s  there  are 
treaties  which  are  self-executory,  there  are  others' 
which  require  legislative  enactment,  and  which  the 
aid  of  the  house  is  required  to  carry  into  effect.  A 
treaty  of  peace,  by  merely  restoring  the  relations  of 
peace  and  amity,  Mr.  R.  said,  did  execute  i  self 
But  was  it  so  with  a  treaty,  stipulating  that  duties 
should  be  taken  off  or  laid  on,  or  both?  The  analogy 
between  a  treaty  restoring  the  relations  of  peace 
between  this  country  and  another,  and  o  her  trea- 
ties, cannot  be  brought  in  aid  of  a  treaty  which  is 
not  self-executory,  which  does  require  legislative 
enactment  to  carry  it  into  effect,  as  proven  by  the 
vote  of  this  house  yesterday,  and  the  vote  of  the  se-' 
nate  to-day,  [referring  to  tlie  bill  passed  by  the  se- 
nate declaring  the  effect  of  the  treaty.]  Mr.  R.  said, 
he  coidd  conceive  a  case  in  which  even  a  treaty,  re- 
storing the  relations  of  peace  and  amity  between 
the  United  States  and  another  nation,  might  be  re- 
ceived in  this  house  as  a  breach  of  national  confi- 
dence, which  the  house  woidd  not  endure.  As  he 
liked  to  bring  every  case  which  he  prescn  ed  to  this 
house  as  near  tlie  reality  as  could  be,  to  liken  it  to 
something  whicli  had  happened,  or  was  very  likely 
to  happen — he  would  take  a  case  wliicii  might  iiave 
happened  be  ween  tiic  Uni  ed  S  ates  and  Fi-ance.  It 
w.is  well  known,  j\Tr.  R.  said,  tliat  a  very  large  de- 
scription of  people  in  tlie  United  States,  at  tlie 
breaking  out  of  Llie  P'rench  re\ohition,  had  been 
anxious  to  plunge  the  United  Staes  into  a  war  with 
tireat  Britain  and  her  allies — and  it  was  coniended, 
that  the  public  faitii  was  pledged  to  guarantee  the 
safety  of  the  French  West  India  islands,  &c.  The 
demand  of  our  aid  had  been  made  in  a  much  more 
sacred  name  than  that  of  a  sugar  island — in  the 
name  of  the  imprescriptible  rights  of  mankind — 
the  liberty  of  the  world  was  said  to  be  in  jeop.irdy; 
the  tyrants  of  the  world  it  was  said,  Kad  conspired 


agaii-.st  liberty,  nnd  we  ought  no  longer  to  wlvliholfl  , 
our  aid.  Mr.  R  said,  he  hoped  no  member  of  this 
house,  nor  the  most  Worthless  scribler  out  or' it, 
would  understand  him  as  iniptiling  censure  to  those 
w.'io  felt  tliiis  ardently.  By  the  wisdom  of  tiiat  tnan,  , 
wlio,  alone  at  t'  at  juncture,  could  have  held  the 
reins  of  empire,  who  alone  could  have  rei'?:ned  in 
vlie  public  madness — by  his  wisdom  we  had  been 
saved  f^om  being  involved  in  the  vortex  of  tiiat  tre- 
mendous come;,  which 

From  it-':  hurrid  hair 

Shooh  pcstiliiiw  and  war. 
Every  patriot,  not  the  pseudo-patriot,  not  he  who 
wiaiies  to  ride  on  the  surface  of  the  billow,  inflated 
by  ins  own  breath— every  real  patriot,  approved  and 
honored    his  conduct.     Suppose,    instead  of  stand- 
iag  in  oppoai  ion  to  the  tpeiing  of  the  day,    revers- 
in.;,'-   he  old  adage,  Quicyidd  de/imnt  re^es  plectiuHvr 
.:/c/iiw— suppose   general    W  .shington    had  lei  «lip 
die  dogs  of  war,  hallooed  them  on,  and  eng.igeu  in 
that  war,  wnicii  was    terminated    by   the  truce   of 
Amiens— or     sujipMse  general  Washington,   as   wxs 
the  iact  not  long  a.'ter,    nad  been  removed    from  tive 
coinicils  of  his  country,  and  succeeded  by  a  gentle- 
man of  diderent  political  opinions,  and  that  the  first 
act  of  the  ntw  president  liad  l)een,to  patch  up  a :  reaty 
of  alliance  with  the  allies.  Great  B  -it  in  par  icular- 
ly,  such  a  aeaty  as  would  inevita,;ly,  whilst  it  keot 
peace  with  England,  have  produced  war  with  Ft'ance 
— 'vould  the  people  of  Atnerica  have  endured  tlii^.' 
Mr.  R  did  'Ol   hi  k  aiey  would.     Such  w.-is  Ids  o- 
pinion  of  the  public  sentiment   of  ha' red  to   Great 
Britain  and  predileciion  to  republican  Fr;.rice,wliic!i 
then  exis  ed,  tiiat  lie  believed  this  house,  iiis  e-.id  of 
carrying   ihe  treaty  into    effect,  would    iiave    been 
made  tlie  means  of  conipellin.g  peaf^e   with  France, 
and  renewing  the  Wiir  with  Grea.  Britain.   'le  would 
take  another  precedent,  liowever,    from  a   govern- 
ment, the  constitution  of  widen  was  not  anomalous; 
a  case  anterior  to  the  revolution  which,  according  to 
the  fond  idea  of  British  jiudsts,  had  fixed  tlie  liber- 
ty  of  England   on   an  imperishable   foundation;  he 
would  take  a  case  i'roin  tiie  most  corru])t  reign   (jf 
tiie  most  corrupt  family  that,  perhaps,  CJod  evei'  per- 
m.ttedto  afilict  die  world;  a  case  irom  thedaysof  tiiC 
Stuar.s.  He  averred  it  as  a  lact,  and  all  hisiory,  he 
Said,  would  bear  him  out  in  it,  that  the  last  of  tlie 
S^tuarts  lost  his  throne  in  consequence  of  his  sub- 
serviency to  a  foreign  power,  which   foreign  power 
was  the  "object  of  tiie   suspicion,  deid  y  hatred  and 
fear  of  the  nation  he  governed.     He  did  aver,    that 
the  Dutch  wars  of  Charles  II. — that  base   and  rotten 
policy  laid  open  more    han  a  century  after  ihat  wily- 
man  thought  the  evidence  Oi"  ic    buried  below   the 
caverns  of  the  deep,  would  have  lost  him  ids  crown 
if  he  had  continued  to  reign.     James  11.  was  little 
else  than  the  successor  in  form  of  Charles  il;  and 
James  II.  lost  his   crown,    as  Charles    II.  would,  in 
1  the  end,   have  lost  his,  by  making  treaties   agaiust 
i  the  wisliesof  the  people,  with  a  forei.gn  power  most 
obnoxious  and  halci'ul  to  the  Briliali  itation,  !kc.  If 
'  such    was    the   case  in  England,    how  ini.cii    more 
I  strong    is  Uie- argument,    tliat    in   this   couiitry  tiiC 
'■  president  and  senate  should  never  make  any  treaty, 
pailiculurly   one  ^y■  ich    requires   legislaive  enact- 
ment to  carry  it  into  eilect,   without   the  previous 
or  subsequent  consent  of  this  body 

Mr.  R.  said,  he  would  trespass  on  the  commiitee 
only  by  a  few  other  remarks.  lie  was.he  lioped  ii.  was 
unnecessary  to  say,  no  drawcansir.  He  was  for 
peace  and  good  will  among  men  He  understood 
the  honorable  gen  le?Tian  fVotri  Maryland,  when 
dwelling  on  the  effect  of  the  power  ot  impeacliment, 
whicli  lie  (Mr.  R.)  believed,  would  have  as  much  e^- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—TREATY  QUESTION. 


33 


feci  on  ryreat  dcliiiqiients  as  a  feather  or  a  fluke  ot 
snow  on  llie  inipeiieLi-.Jjle  liide  ol  a  rhinoceros — he 
iin.lerstoocl  the  g'eii  lenian  lo  s:i\',  In  allusion  to  a  re- 
!)  (i-k  ihiit  the  power  of  iinpeaciuaent  hua  been  tri- 
I 'la'irl  Ibinid  \vanti::i.'-,  tlutt  ihe  liict  did  not  nece,,- 
suily  iii'.j)h — as  tiie  iiO:iorablege:itle-.nan  on  whom 
it  was  tJ'ied  would  have  said,'ii  wns  a  nnnsequitur 
to  UJije,  tiia'.  the  power  of  i'Tipe;-ichmen  was  luig.i- 
torv.  I  i';nnu  il,  ,s;jid  Mr.  II.  A.s  li  (le  versed  as  I 
nni  in  ?lialcc;ics,  as  lii  ieof  a  logician  or  rne'Lliodist 
in  i»rg-ai7;eni  as  I  .im,  I  am  wiliing'  to  adniiv,  that  i 
does  not  follow,  becaise  a  felon  is  acquiiled,  the  law 
l'-1netiicien;;  because  theacqui^al  may  have  arisen 
iiom  udeiec  in  the  evidence,  in  die  law,  or  ii  j^iie 
pdndni  tration  of  the  kiw;  i;  in;t\  liave  ai-i  .en  from 
ano'i:ei  cause,  vvidch  I  'Vou  d  be  the  me  nest  and 
b::5,et  01  niaiikir.d  to  ail:r,it — i;r  il  mij^'iit  ha\e  ari-i- 
on  from  the  detect  ol  t.dents  in  the  prosecu  ing-  at- 
torney:, uiid  tiiai '  is  one  of  the  crying  sins  ot  hi;^ 
nation,  v/icli  calls  loudly  for  reiorin.  D^ily  and 
hoarly  are  felons  acqni  ted  because  they  can  give 
hcvy  {c:(iA  to  liw^iCis  of  great  abi'.i  ies,  wjio  know 
how  lo  m  >ke  tiie  worse  appear  tiie  be  ter  reason,  in 
tlie  cour  a  at  ieasi — wiiils  the  commonwealth  is 
content  to  have  its  busiaess  let  out  to  tlie  lowest  bid- 
der, ..nd  its  judicial  business  is  managed,  I  will  not 
sa}  in  ti.e  .s  ane  manner,  but  not  always  well.  I  do 
aver,  said  Mi .  \l.  that  I  sjiould  be  wanting  in  respect 
for  iiiege.'.ilemen  widi  wiiom  I  was  associated  on 
that  occasion  if  I  admit' ed  th.at  tlie  iniiend;),  if  I  am 
to  understand  it  as  such,  if  the  honorable  gen  le- 
nian  had  any  application  to  them  I  have  not  tlie 
sligh-est  indisposition  to  admit  that  it  may  have  ap- 
plication to  oiie,  but  I  believe  I  see  in  my  eye  a  mucii 
more  substantial  reason  for  tlie  acquittal  in  the  case 
aiiuded  to,  than  the  want  of  ability  with  wliicii  the 
prosecution  was  conducted — he  saw  in  the  ability  of 

'•tlie  defence  of  the  accused  at  least  as  probable  a 
c;u;=!e  of  the  acquittal  as  tiie  one  whicii  had  been 
mentioned.  lUu,  it  was  really  paying  to  the  higii 
est  coiu-tinthis  nation  a  very  })oor  compliment  — 
What,  sir!  our  most  potent,  grave  and  revered  se- 
niors— our  very  noble  and  approved  good  masters  oi 
tlie  doctrine  of  the  gentleman  be  correct  that  what 
the)  app'i-ove  we  must  ratifv — what,  sir!  the  senate, 
on  Vlie  evidence  of  at  least  fifty  witnesses,  not  ca- 
pable ofniakingup  an  opinion  on  a  quest  ion  present- 
ed to  them!  the  acquittal  in  that  case,  Mr.  R.  said, 
T.as  referable,  not  lo  the'want  of  ability  on  the  part 
of  some  of  the  gen  demen,  at  least — let  us  lookback, 
said  he;  one  ol  those  gentlemen  has  since  filled  Ote 
ollice  of  secretary  of  the  treasury.  What,  sir!  a 
iTiaii  placed  at  the  head  of  the  treasury  not  capable 
of  coaduciiiig  an  ordinary  prosecution  in  a  court  of 
justice — I  will  never  admit  an  insinuation  of  that 
jjort  to  wound  the  fame  of  one  of  my  colleagues  on 
that  occasion  Another  one  is  now  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  civil  and  criminal,  of  die  state   of 

•  Mar)land--was  ht  not  capable  of  summing  up  the 
law  and  evidence  in  sucii  a  case:'  I  will  not  admit  it. 
Anotiier  of  the  managers  of  the  impeachment  has 
since  illustrated  the  government  of  Georgia— he 
haa  dispki)  ed  an  inde])endence  wliich  does  lum  ho- 
nor with  all  t'eeling  and  independent  men-  -was  he 
not  capable  of  speaking  to  an  ordinary  case  before 
a  court?  I  cannoL  admii  it.  No;  the  acquittal  look 
place,  because  the  cons. itution  requiied,  and  wise- 
ly, as  in  ttie  case  of  a  treaty,  the  assent  or  two  thirds 
ot  the  court  to  tiie  condemnaion  of  the  accused; 
and  the  assent  of  tliat  two  tiiirds  was  not  t()und  in 
the  case  of  impeachment  alluded  to,  whilst  it  ne- 
ver has  been  and  never  will  be  tbund  warning  lo  the 
ratificcitiou  of  any  treaty  v.hicii  tne  president  may 
negoctijte<    Mr.  K.  s;ud,  h^  ^^d  receiyij^  a  1*6^? n  <?'} 


that  subject  which  it  was  not  necessary  now  to  re- 
peat, he  meant  not  to  teil  tiie  secres  of  ^j*  prison 
liouse — ill  tue  year  18j;j,  lie  received  a  lesson, 
wnicti  if  lie  was  not  be  ter,  he  trusted  he  should  be 
wiser  ibr  to  Ids  dying  day,  tiacuing  tiie  nature  of 
me  initiatory  and  ratiiying  branches  in  relation  to 
li'eaiies. 

One  word  more,  Mr.  R.  said,  and  he  had  done.— 
He  wished  he  liad  foilo'ved  tne  example  of  the  ho- 
aorabiegeniiemmirom  M.ryland  in  one  respect,  iu- 
capabie  as  ne  was  of  following  lum  in  any  otiier-— 
lie  .v  isned,  he  saui,  lie  too  :iad  taken  his  leave  and 
sa.  dovvn  wnen  he  loiind  his  strength  exhausted — 
He  .ad  laough.  ii  better,  nowever,  lo  finish  wiia.  he 
uad  to  say  at  once,  and  then  to  dinner  wiui  what  ap- 
petite we  may.  Tne  -enileman  had  made  one  state- 
ment lie  wisaed  .o  notice — thai  tne  treaty  was  a 
treaty  or  no  treaty;  that,  oie  ratifications  being  ex- 
ctianged,  a  was  law,  or  not.  law.  It  is  a  law,  Mr. 
R.  said  in  those  respects  not  requirhig  the  inlerven- 
ion  of  con.^^ress,  but  it  requires  legislative  provi- 
sions, becauae  n,  requires  dudes  to  be  lowered  or 
iai.-.ed — v^'UiCii  is  equivalent  to  requiring  an  appro- 
filiation  or  tne  imposiiion  of  taxes,  powers  acknow- 
edged  to  belong  exclusively  to  congress.  Wnat 
iaitij,  tiie  gentleman  nad  asked,  could  be  putbyio- 
rcign  powers  in  compacts  widi  tliis  governmenL,.ir'a 
treaty  may  be  .  entlered  .void,  after  its  ratifications 
arc  exchanged,  by  tiie  renisal  ot  tois  house  to  act 
on  it?  til  ere  \v  as,  Mr.  R.  saivl,  tne  widest  ditference 
be,  ween  the  possession  of  a  power,  and  the  expedi- 
ency of  exercising  it.  Suppose  a  treaty  should  nave 
received  ever}  possible  sanction,  that  of  tnis  house 
included,  we  still  have  at  any  time  a  rigiit  to  break 
il  ml,  widiout  consulting  the  other  party,  and  goto 
War.  A  na  ion  puts  faith  in  other  nauons,  not  be- 
cause of  this  or  that  form  of  government,  tais  or 
thatcneck,  or  this  or  that  balance  in  the  operations 
of  a  government,  but  according  to  its  conviction  of 
the  disposition  of  other  natio.is  to  maintahi  tneir 
faith.  By  that  criterion,  by  tha  standard  of  cha- 
racter, ours  is  at  least  as  good  as  sterdng,  and,  he 
believed,  a  carat  better.  Great  Britain  put  faith  In 
us  tor  the  same  reason  ve  put  faith  in  her,  temper- 
ing our  faitli;  fortuough  scepticism  Le  damnable 
heresy  in  religion,  it  is  sometimes  otherwise  in  poli- 
tics— lempering  it  witn  a  proper  degree  of  distrust 
on  both  sides. 

Jf  we  put  f  dih  in  a  single  intlividual  at  the  head  of 
a  government, as  in  tne  case  of  treaties  with  Etiro- 
pciu  powers,  how  much  more  reason  have  they  to 
jjut  taith  in  the  guarantee  aifordetl  bv  the  pledge  of 
every  brancii  of  a  government  like  ours,  represen- 
ting tiie  whole  people  of  the  United  States.  Before 
tlie  prince  regent  in  England,  can  violate  a  treaty, 
and  make  war,  he  must  be  suppor.eil  by  a  vote  of 
credit  from  the  house  of  commons;  this  is  some  res- 
traint on  him — but,  Mr.  R.  said,  we  have  made  trea- 
ties with  the  despots  of  every  tiime  and  color,  from, 
viielillyand  rose  of  the  north  to  the  jet  black  of  Af- 
]-ic.i;  and  jet  we  are  under  no  sort  of  doubt  that  these 
iiigli  contracting  piuuts  will  adhere  to  their  faith  so 
long  as  they  feel  it  their  in  erest  to  do  so.  It  then 
at  last  turned  out,  that  foreign  nations  had  nothing 
at  all  to  do  with  Uiisques  ion;  that  whether  the  rat- 
ificaiions  are  exchanged  properly  or  improperly, 
was  an  affair  between  us  at  home,  with  which  for- 
ei|.;n  iiowers  could  not  be  permitted  to  meddle;  and, 
.Mr.  \i.  said,  if  he  was  asked  for  a  just  cause  of  war, 
he  could  figure  to  himseltnone  better  than  an  at- 
tempt by  any  ibreign  power  at  intcrventi|)n  in  our 
uHairs.  This  treaty  of  commerce  gives  us  leave  to 
,rade  to  the  East  Indies,  and  to  touch  at  St.  Helena. 
Ih  ihrttsiiape  it  came  tf  the  Vuiied  States, and  WJlS 


40 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TRF.ATY  QUr.rTr:-)^^ 


ratified  here  by  both  governments — How?  In  the 
«hape  in  wiiich  it  came?  No;  the  very  lowe-it  grade 
o.  diplomatic  functionary — lie  spoke  of  his  office 
only — put  his  finger  on  one  arlicle,  and  said  beware 
oi  S..  Helena!  A  minisier  of  Great  Britain  can  take 
a  treat),  and  make  a  nose  of  wax,  or  any  thing  else 
he  pleases  of  it — but  the  hoiise  of  representaiives  of 
the  United  States  are  to  have  no  word  in  it.  He 
risked,  whether  it  was  competent  to  a  Britisli  minis- 
ter, after  a  treaty  had  been  solemnly  signed  under 
the  eye  of  his  own  master,  materially  to  aler  tlie 
provisions  of  a  treaty? — and  the  alteration  was  a 
material  one,  because  tiie  comfort  and  refresluneni 
of  touching  aiSt.  Helena  was  a  matter  of  some  con- 
sequence in  an  Eas  India  voyage — it  was  of  little 
consequence,  he  said  tons,  who  should  be  soon  dis 
missed  to  a  good  hoiel  and  smoking  tabic;  but  to 
the  poor  scorbutic  seivworn  sailor,  it  was  of  gi'eui 
value.  Was  itsafer  lor  this  house  to  exercise  a  con- 
troling  power  on  the  ac  s  of  the  president  and  sen- 
ate, :.o  as  to  meet  the  coming  di;,ease;  or  tha.  it 
should  be  entirely  restrained  tVom  interfering,  and 
lh«  president  and  senate  go  on  making  treades  un-il 
an  extreme  case,  when  me  ])eople  would  interfere 
and  correct  ilie  precedure?  Mr.  R.  said,  he  was  no 
jacobin — he  iioped  i>.  was  unnecessary  to  say  that:  he 
\vas  no  man  for  a  government  of  mobs,  but  of  order, 
law  and  religion — but,  he  said,  there  are  points  be- 
vond  which  the  people  cannot  be  restrained;  or 
siii  uld  weradi-r,  said  he,  let  the  president  and  sen- 
ate go  on, provided  ■■hey  can  find  a  dey  oi  Algiers  to 
treat  with — provided  diey  can  find  a  phceto  at.md 
on,  until  licy  make  this  swei-ping  treaty-making 
power  a  fulcrum  to  move  the  consli  uiion  from  its 
orbit?  Mr.  11.  concluded  by  observing  that  the  sen- 
ate had  sent  a  bill  to  tliis  liouse,  a  bill  which  iie 
considered  as  yielding  the  question,  and  on  wiiich  it 
•Would  perhaps  be  best  to  act  in  preference  to  that 
now  betbre  tne  house. 

Mr.  J-'inhiei/  rose  to  explain;  to  make  a  few  obser- 
vations which  lie  said  he  siiould  have  made  before, 
but  that  lie  had  understood  the  gentleman  to  wisii 
not  to  be  in.trrupted.  Mr.  P.  said  he  thongiii  lie 
He  <lnot  siaie  to  the  house,  th.at  tiis  language  liad 
not  been  liable  to  the  exception  which  tlie  gentle- 
Tiianfrom  A'ivginia  had  siiewn  a  di»;posi  ion  to  take 
to  It.  'i'he  gentleman  had  said  that  inipe:iclunent 
h-.id  been  tried  and  fotmd  wanting;  in  reierence  to 
':\hich  remark  lie  (Mr  r.)had  said  tha  the  example 
towhich  ilie  gentleman  had  referred  was  notconcui- 
:;ive  in  support  of  that  position;  that  iir.])e.ic]iment 
might  iail  irom  various  reasons;  that  the  party  im- 
peached might  be  innocent — into  which  question  he 
tiadnoL  envered.  Mr.  P.  said  he  was  almost  wnoliy 
nnacquai-ued  with  the  nature  of  ei  her  of  the  cases 
— his  languiige  was  not  liable  to  the  imputation  oi 
having  sought  to  reprehend  the  conduct  of  the  gen- 
tlemen who  conducted  either.  The  gentleman  iiad 
said,  observed  Mr.  P.  that  he  isno  drawcansir.  Xel- 
theraml,  sir.  1  should  not  have  desired  to  refiect 
on  the  gentleman  from  \'irginia — far  f mm  it;  lam 
always  disposed  to  speak  in  his  praise;  he  lias  given 
audi  proofs  of  his  genius,  as  coiniuaiid  my  respect. 
Sut  it  1  had  a  desire,  which  I  had  noi,  to  cast  a  reflec- 
tion on  him,  what  reason  was  there  to  suppose  I  h:td 
,1  desire  to  do  soon  those,  some  of  whose  names  I  do 
not  know?  I  supposed  that  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives !iad  selected  men  of  the  first  ability,  always 
as  cmpetent  as  any  lawyer,  to  conduct  the  impeacli- 
ment.  I  take  it  tor  granted  tlie  iiupeacliment  was 
managed  wiih  tlie  utmost  dexterity  and  talent.  All 
Jl  meant  to  say  was  that  the  fdiure  of  that  impeach- 
JDoentdid  not  prove  that  impeachiiiciit  viouid  always 


be  found  wanting.     I,,  the  case  expressly  alluded  t* 
(that  of  judge  Cuase)  I   presumed  t:,e  ianoccice  jf  , 
ttie  party.     Tliis    expiaii.aion  is  due  .lut  oiilv    u)  liie 
honorable  gentleman  to  .vnoni  my  remarkaapp  y,  but 
to  my  own  iioiior  and  Cii,u\icLer. 

Mr.  Jiand'jlph  exjjre  sed  lUs  lappiiiess  a.,  hearing 
the  rem. irks  01  thegenUem.-.a  li-oin  \I.>ryland.  Tne 
gentleman,  lie  said,  n.al  misunderstood  niiii  in  sup- 
posing him  not  to  he  (.lisposed  to  allow  iiie  geiuie- 
inan  .o  explain — iroin  las  not  having  done  so,  Mr. 
R.  confessed  he  had  considered  him  as  susiai  i.if 
the  inuend).  He  recijn-ocated  the  sen  imeins  o.  re- 
spect, Sic.  which    lie  genti«iaaii  iiad  expicssed,  ic 

Mr.  Pickering  said,  caai.  at  Ler  so  loag  a  discussi  )a 
of  Ue  question  beibre  tUe  liousC,  .,&  vvould  i.ii  iiave 
risen,  had  not  some  ligiis,  in  vvluca  it  s  louli  be 
viewed,  passed  unobserved. 

In  ih.scouiury,  said  lie,  wre  hold  tiiat  all  uie  p  >  v- 
ers  of  government  originate  A'ltii  t,ie  pejpie.  i' Mi© 
powers  the  people  niignt  diai.rii)a.u'  u\  .m-  m  -ler 
they  pleased.  Tne)  uiigut  have  •ej.ea  Ai  ie,,i.:a. 
live  power  in  one  man;  in  a  prestden;,  o/  in  a  presi- 
dent and  senate,  or  iii  a  presidem,  .-.er.aie  .;iid  house 
of  representatives.  To  .^ee  ;uivv  iiie_\  n.tve  in  lact 
distribu.ed  tne  powers  ot  gJveiPi.ne.iL,  we  m  ist- 
look  to  tne  cons'ii.  i  ion,  ivuio.!  uicv  uave  iramediitf 
taat  purpose. 

The  firs  clause  in  die  c;)n  .itiitiou  reads  thus: 
"All  legislaiive  powers  neiei.i  granted,  siiall  be 
vested  in  a  coi^^ress  of  uie  (Jinei  Stiies,  which 
shall  consist  of  a  senaie  and  iouse  oi'  represe.i  a- 
tivcs."  A, id  me  infeienceoi'gentle.uea  on  tiieo.iier 
biaeof  the  nouse  is,  hat  vVnaiever  powers  are  e.x- 
presbU  granted  to  congress,  .ire  exclusively  graniedf 
or,  if  a  y  otliei  branches  ot  the  govern, nea .  act  upoit 
tne  simjects  of  Jiose  powers,  tne  concurience  of 
this  house  is  necessary  to  render  Uieir  acts  valid^ 
But  ir  gentlemen  wili  turn  to  the  seven  Ji  section  of 
tue  first  article  ()t  the  consti  udon,  they  wili  see  an 
impor  ant  restriction  on  die  swec]jing-  le^isiative 
power  apparently  gramed  to  tne  senaie  and  nou'<e, 
in  the  first  section:  '"iiveiy  bill  wnich  shall  h.iV» 
passed  Uie  hotiseoi  represeiitatives  and  the  senate, 
shall,  before  i.  shall  become  a  la .v,  he  presented  to 
the  presiuent  of  the  United  .Slates"  lor  his  appro- 
bation; wi  hoiit  wniiii  it  will  not  becom.;  a  law, 
unless,  on  a  reconsiticration  ot  i,,  with  lae  presi- 
dent's objections,  it  snail  be  approved  by  two-iiiirds 
of  eacli  house.  Hcie,  tlien,  is  one  exception  to  the 
sweeping  legislative  powers  granted  to  congress,  as 
coinposed  ot  the  senate  and  house  of  representa- 
tives; that  is,  of  bai'e  majori-ies  of  the  two  liouses; 
and  a  special  legislative  power  is  creaied,  aad  vested 
in  iwo  thirds  or  ihe  two  houses,  wnose  concurrence 
is,  in  suciic.sc  necessarv  to  mate  a  law. 

In  like  manner,  is  complete  iegisla'ive  power 
vested  in  tlie  president  and  senate,  for  we  see,  iit 
the  passa.;e  o'  tne  constitution  so  often  I'ecited,  tiuit 
all  treaties  made  under  die  authority  of  tne  United 
States,  are  declared  to  be  the  law  of  the  land;  .aid 
the  pKesideiu  and  senaie  ai-e  exclusively  vested  wilk 
the  power  to  make  treaties,  two-thirds  of  tlie  sena- 
tors prescii   concurring.* 


*VVlieii  it  is  declared,  that  "this  constitution,  and 
the  laws  of  the  United  Spates  which  shall  be  made 
in  pursuance  tliereoi;  and  all  treaties  maae,  or 
whicii  shall  be  made,  under  the  authority  of  tlie 
United  Stales,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  tlie  land;" 
no  more  is  meant,  than  that  they  are  supreme  in 
relation  to  the  cons  itution  and  the  laws  of  the  indi- 
vidual state-:  and  hence,  after  declaring  what  shall 
be  the  suprc.ue  law  of  the  land,  the  coas? -1011011 


S:UPPLr.MENT  TO  NILES'  RKGISTKH—TREATY  QUESTION. 


#1 


8ut  it  issaicl,  that  among- tlievariuiis  powers  p-an-  faiid  restore  the  discrin  inating'  duties  of  t;>nn!^e  r.n  T 
:1  to  contrrcas.  one  is  "to  i-eg-ulatecoiniiicice  u  itli   impost  on  American  vessels  und  their  cm  ■;.)(■;    ;|i;s 


ted 

ibi-eig-n  naaoiv-;;"  and  that  i.'siicli  reg-itlaiiunofcoin- i  \\()uld   bring'   a  very  seri  Hi',  loss  on   thnse  owners. 

jut-rce  be    made  *hc  sul)ject  of  a  ireaty,    an    act  of  But  a  treaty  would  prevenl  suc'ii  repeal  and   conse- 

conjrcsF,  including-  ilie  concurrence  of  this  house,  i<   quenl  iiijuiy. 

requisite  to  niake  it  thcla"*  of  the  land.     Here  ilie       To  a  just  understanding- of  she  one.^tion   hef:  c 

f.i«^ona//?/^  of  a  treatyand  the  making   of  a   treaty   theiionse,  anodier  di'tinction  slipuld  he 'aken;  t!»at 


are  com[)ounded;  altho-ag-li  they  are  perfec  ly  dis- 
tinct. AViien  a  minister,  or  other  excnisivc  agen'., 
has  ncg-ociated  a  treaty,  it  is,  by  tlie  president,  l;>i;'l 
befoi-e  the  senate;  and  when,  v/ith  their  advice  and 
consent,  it  is  ratified  by  the  president,  it  is  ma:le,  it 
is  conilikte;  and  no  actoftha  house    of  reprcocnta- 


is,  beiween  me  vulnliti/  and  tiie  exeruiioii  Oi  .1  trea- 
ty. Wlule  geiulemen  on  the  other  side  (-viiti  a 
siiitde  excepuoii)  admi;  -diat  some  irea'ie'i  maae  .v 
tiic  president  and  senate  are  valid,  wiui-.m  any  act 
to  be  >ione  ontiie  part  of  tliis  house,  sucii  as  snnolc 
treaties  of  peace,  and  even   0;   alliance;  seei'V;-  ih> 


1  e  liousic  •  of 
a'd  the,tiU'ee 


tives  can  add  any  thing- to  its  validity.  Tiie  word; special  power  is  graitcd  to  cong-re-s  hv  the  consti- 
aiade  is  equally  apjilied  to  laws  and  to  trea  ics.  I  tution,  to  make  pe„ce  and  f  >nn  aiiiances;  vet  it  is 
"This  constitution,  and  thelaws  of  the  U,-dted  S:;aes  ■  said,  tiia;  wneii  ti>e  interven'ioa  of  .hi.-,  house  is  n  . 
fnade'm  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  mculr,  or;cessary,  as  i;i  providing  and  mailing-  ;T[;pnji)ri;i.:itr.s 
which  nhall  be  mad.',  under  the  authority  of  tiie  Utii- 1  of  money,  to  carr}  trea  ie.s  into  execuiion?  Inen  the 
ted  Slate.':,  shall  be  the  supreme  I'lw  of  the  land."       Isancdon  of  this   house  is    rcquisiie  to  give    ■'   -.i 

xis  to  t!ie  subjects  of  treaties;  when  the  fr.imers  of  j  bindin,.-  force, 
the  constitution  gave  to  the  presiden.  and  senate  I  Dut,  le  it  be  supposed,  that  the  consvi'ution,  iii- 
power  to  make  them,  without  specif)  ing  or  limiting  jstcd  oi  vesting  the  uhole  treutv-.-n.-kmg-  povver,  ia 
the  subjects  to  which  they  should  be  confined,  it  is  j  llie  pre-iJent  and  ^eiiaLe,  !\ad  ordained  tu».t  no  ,trGii-  . 
plain  the  term  treaties  was  intended  »o  emln-ace  the  jty  should  be  valid,  unless  apj)roved  i> 
usual  subjects  of  these  contracts  between  nations. !  representatives;  .md  suppose,  also,  th, 
Attiietime  when  Ilie  constiMuion  was  ordained,  we  brandies  of  government  concuriug,  ..r.-catyof  c-mu- 
hadfour  commercial  treaties — with  France,  Holland, ;  merce  aiid  limit--,  were  mad>.- — sacii  as  •  th.at,  W4th 
Prussia  and  Sweden;  and  a  treaty  of  allinnce,  and  a  ;  Spain,  in  1793.  No  one  would  ^hen  q!,ie.?tion  \x&,%)at- 
csonvention  or  treaty  relating  to  consuls,;witii  France,  idit^  •  and  <  e',  -unless  t^e  president  and  sen:;tfe  an- 
AH  these  subjects,  then,  it  is  certain,  are  witliin  the  poini'^d  commis,->i.jners  to  run  the  bouuiiarv  lines,  to 
treaty -making-  power  of  the  president  and  senate. ;  mark  the  limits  of  ;he  respeciive  terri 'nie.,;  andtm- 
The  convention  with  Great  Britain,  to  which  the .  less  the  i;ouse  of  representiuves,  conc.irqn'^  wiib. 
bill  btforc  us  refers,  embraces  but  two  of  them,  .tlie  president  and  senile,  approprictied  money  f).  dc- 
commerce  and  consuls.  ifray  he  expence  liiereof,   tiie   trer'tv   NV'iulcf  rf^-i'  '■■: 

But,  seeing  congress  have  power  to  regulate  com-  .unexecuted. 
Bierce  wi'.h  foreign  nations,  why  should  it  be  m.ade  1     AccordinjJ  lo  tiie  doctrine  m;iin  aiiie  I  dv  ,-ue  .ra 
the  .subject  of  treaties'  The  answer  is — to  give  sta-  mer  ai'd  advocates  of  tiie  bill  before  us,  v\&v^  H.>vc 
bility  and  security  to  connnerce.     Suppose  tiia  Uni-- never  been  any  valid  'reaties  between     he  Udced 
ted  States  and  Great  I'ritain,  merely  by  ia-^vs  of  tiie  States  and  foreign  nations,  since  tiie  org-ania  iUo'n  of 
two  countries,  had  equalized  the  duties  on   Ameri-  our  government;  for  no  lawof  coiv^i-ess'has  reei-uict 
can  and  British  vessels  and  tiieir  cargoes,   in  the   ed  tiieir  articles,  (as  i*  attempted   bv   tiie   presev 
Bianner  provided  by  the  commercial  convention,  and,  bill)  or  by  a  gener;d  enactment  pronounced  tl'.cm    <> 
suppose  that,  ill  expectation  of  the  permanency  of  be  the  law  of  the  land.     T.ike  up  .<n-  of  'h-j^e -.-et. 
.those  laws,  tiic  growers  of  cotton  and  tobacco  in  th.e  'ties;  for  instance,  the    trea'ies  of  1795,   with   G-ctt 
United  States  were  to  ship  those  articles  in  vessels   Britain  and  Spain,   wiiere  the  app  )i;\tmeiit  of  cr>m 
©ftjie  United  States  to  Great  Britain,  and,  pending-   missioners,  and  appropriations  of  money   -.vere    ,ie- 
ihe  voyage,   the  government  of  tliat  country  should  cessary  to  their  execution.     Congress  pas.^ed  V.i^va 
4cem  it  expedient  to  repeal    her    equalizing-   laws,   making  such  appropriations;  not  to  give  wdidlry  10 

-— . thetreaties;  but   simply  in    tlie  language   o'  i';o£e 

4dds,  "and  the  judges  in  every  state  shall   be  bound  ;  laws  to  camj  tltein  into  effect. 

therebv;  any  thing  in  the  constitution  or  laws  of  any  But  shall  treaties  operate  a  repeal  of  a  law  or  tne 
State  to  the  contrary  notwitlistanding."  In  one  other  '  United  States.'  Yes:  because  treaties  being,  equally 
'Sense  indeed  the  constitution  is  the  supreme  lav.-;   with  acts  of  congress,  the  law  of  tiie  Ian  I,   lieynmst 


because  it  is  the  act  of  the  people  in  their  sovereign 
eapacity,  In  the  sevejal  states;  and  cannot  be  clian- 
ffcd  but  by  a  like  act  of  sovereignty.  Hence  the 
htyss  enacted  by  congress  are  required  to  be  made  in 
■pursuance  of  the  constitution.  And  although  no 
such  restriction  is  laid  on  treaties,  because  treaties 
finribrace  some  subjects  not  mentioned  in  the  coiisti- 


"L 


repeal  all  the  provisions  of  prior  laws  en-  . .  vening 
their  stipulations.  According  to  the  well-knoiva 
maxim,  that  the  latter  laws  reperd  all  antecedent 
hu\!,  con.aining  contrary  provisions;  and  so  long- as 
treaties  exist,  so  long  the  government  and  nation 
are  bound  to  observe  tiiem,  and  ; lie  decisions  of  .ue 
jtidges  must  conform  to  their  stipulations.     But  as 


tution,  (such  as  the  making  of  peace  and  forming  [treaties  may  thus  annul  the  laws  of  congress,  so  may 


«Uiunces  with  foreign  nations,)  yet  a  treaty,  no  more 
^lan  an  act  of  congress,  which  should  con'aiu  any 
'provision  violating  the  constitution,  would  be  of  any 
"Validity.  For  the  treaty-making  power  of  the  pre- 
•ident  and  senate,  as  well  as  the  legislative  power  «f 
•ongi-ess,  being- derived  from  the  constitution,  every 
■exertion  of  tliat  power  in  repugnruiQe  to  i',  or  invol- 
ving the  abrogation  cf  any  of  its  piovisions,  must 
necessarily  be  void.  To  maintain  the  contr:a-y, 
Vould  be  equally  ab-.urd  as  to  suy,  that  asupcrstruc- 
f.ue  could  stand  when  its  foundation  was  removed, 
*r  that  a  branch  could  retain  lil'f?  whw?  tke  r»o^  v.;is 
Aead. 


these  laws  annul  treaties;  and  when  congress  sliall,  by 
a  formal  act,  declare  a  treaty  no  longer  obligatory' 
on  the  United  Siates,  the  judtes  must  abandon  the 
treaty,  and  obey  the  law.  And  v,-liy?  becAUse  the 
tuholeauiiiority,  on  our  part,  which  gsi\e  ejcistence 
and/orcfi  to  the  treaty,  is  -tiritlulraitm,  by  the  annultinsj 
act.  Such  is  the  effect  of  a  law  of  congress  decla- 
ring war  against  a  nation  between  whom  and  the 
United  States  any  ti  eades  h;id  been  made.  Take, 
tor  example,  the  case  of  France,  with  whom  we  had 
.1  treaty  of  amity  and  commerce,  a  treaty  of  alliance, 
-md  a  consular  convention.     These   trea  ies  ha^in 


been  rep2at»«Hy  t^wNtt^-t  en  1ii«  parfc  ?f  *ie,  Fi^^Kflj 


ftUrPM^MENT  TO  NILlv^'  UKGISTER— TJvEATV  Ql  K^  J'lOX. 


Pvovernment,  nnd  tlic  J!isl.cl:iims('.r'Jiei;iiited  St;i.1cs 
ibi  ■■  cpar;il!«n  ol'llic  iii;uries.so  coniniitled  liaviiig' 
beeii  ret'u.sed;  and  tlieii-  ;i.teiiipl.s  vo  neg-ociatc  :m 
ainicoble  udjustnierit  of  all  con»i)!,ii.Us  betwet'/i  llie 
f.vo  luuionsj'lKivinjr  been  rcpeileu  wilh  indignjly;  luul 
tti  lie  Fft;ici!  pd'ois  cd  •in  uK;ir.s_\si.em  ot'predaloi-y 
vi'deiice,  iidr.iCUni,''  tlSo.se  irviaies,  uiid  hostile  to  tiie 
ri:..hLS  or' a  treeuiid  iiidcnendeuL  luidov,:  For  dicsc 
causes  cx|>lictU_\,  congi'j-ss,  in  Jaiy,  3 79!^,  passed  a 
law  eiiiiCiing'  thai  lliose  treaties  sli«Uid  iiuttl;once- 
forlli  be  rei^ardedas  lej^ally  oblig-a;ory  on  Uie  ^ov- 
eniiiient  or  ci>i/cns  ot  iiie  United  Slates.  And  two 
days  afierwaids,  cniigress  passed  anoliier  lavv',  au- 
tl-.ni-izing- liie  c.ipture  oi'all  Kieueii  armed  vessels,  to 
wbicii  the  couiiatrcc  ottiie  United  Sia'.es  lov.;;-  bad 
been  and  cont  ntied  lo  be  the  prey.  And  aa  iii  tids, 
so  ill  every  other  case  in  whicti  conyress  .shall  judg-e 
there  existed  i--()od  and  sufficient  cause  fordeciarins^ 
a  treaty  void,  tiiev  will  so  pi'onoiince,  either  bccan.,e 
tiiev  t'.cn  M  declare  v.':ir,  '-r  bee  .ii,,G  tl'.C}- are  \\ii- 
liiiti;-the  United  States  siiould  iiieet  a  war,  Ui  be  de- 
clared on  Hie  oUi-er  side,  us  less  injurious  to  tlu 
coanrry  than  an  adherence  to  the  treat}'.  Bu. 
slu)uldcongress,  witiiotit  ..dequate  c;iusc.  declare  a 
tre.iiy  no  longer  obligatory,  iliey  nmst  he  prcp.a-eii 
to  meet  tiie  reproach  of  i)erlidy,  besides  e.Kpusing- 
the  United  St  tea  to  the  evils  ofvvrar,  sliotdd  the  of- 
fended nation  think  fit  to  avenge  tlie  wrong-,  by  ma- 
kin;.  War  upon  ibeni 

A  gentleman  from  Virginia,  (.Mr.  Randolpii)  a- 
mong  otiier  re.isons  why  this  house  siioidd  ci.tim 
and  exercise  as  a  right,  the  giving  of  its  formal 
sanction  \o  a  treaty — said,  that  ibreig.t  na  ions  would 
place  n:o  e  confidence  in  treaties  so  sanctioned. — 
Mr  Pickering  iield  the  con  rary  -opinion.  Forci'i- 
nations,  he  remarked,  nith  wiion'.  we  siiouM  nego 
-ci.ite  trealics,  v.cvild  look  into  (>i;r  constiliitiou,  to 
see  where  die  power  to  ni.d<.e  treaties  was  lodged; 
and  iindi:ig  it  ves  ed  in  die  pi-esidcnt  and  senate  ex- 
clcisiv-ely — i;  they  saw  that,  in  practice,,  the  iiousc 
cf  reprcseu.a'.i^'cs  initrposed  its  preensions,  tiiat 
the  assent  of  that  house  also  was  necessar)-;  audit 
they  saw  the  president  and  scnrvte  yielding-  to  such 
pretensions,  to  sucii  amaiiiiest  encroachment  on 
their  exclusive  powei'-s;  instead  of  increasing,  it 
would  diminisli  their  cnididence  in  the  acts  of  tlie 
g-overnmem.  lor  confidence  is  inspired  and  best 
secured  by  the  staljili  y  of  a  government,  and  tlie 
adl'Ci-ence  of  all  i.s  branches  to  their  respective 
rights. 

Mr.  Pickering  concluded  his  observations  in  say- 
ing, that  the  seria.cv.-ould  feel  itits  daty  tomaintain 
its  constilu  ional  riglus.  Tiiat  having  acted  with 
the  president  in  inakr.ig  the  coinmercial  tre.ity  witli 
Great  Britain,  whicn  had  tiius  become  the  law  ot 
the  land,  it  was  not  .o  be  ex|)ecieil  that  the  senate 
would  adopt  the  bill  heioie  the  iiouse,  and  thus  re- 
eui.ci  tiie  articles  i' had  so  recently  enacted;  and  in 
the  l^st  a.  tici'e expressly  dechirtd  to  he  binding  and 
')bJiga'ory  on  the  United  States.  It  would  be  bet- 
ter,   liereibre;  not  to  send  the  bill  to  the  sLiiuce. 

Mr.  liDberiHi.n  wished  to  have  again  tided  the 
quesiionoi  laying  the  bill  from  the  senate  on  tlie 
table,  biK  the  speaker  decided  sitch  a  motion  no 
now  to  be  in  order.  Afr  R.  then  remarked,  thatttiis 
Was  a  question  of  mucn  importance,  and  he  iioped 
!»()  passion  would  jntermirigle  in  its  discussion,  or 
influence  the  decision  of  ii,  whicii,  whaicver  it 
nii..lr  be,  ought  to  be  tlie  result  ot  cool,  deliberate 
consideration.  He  did  not  consi<ler  theacLoftlic 
senate,  in  sending  this  bill  to  the  iiouse,  as  indeco- 
Troiis,  but  as  a  jiroper  exercise  of  their  powers. — 
However,  it  again  biougiil  up  the  v.  iioie  ques  ion, 
and,  with  the  permibsion  oi  t)ie  liotisc,  he  v  otuu 


concisely  examine  it.     T  was  delighted,   said  Mr.  )l. 
j  witii  tlie  ekKiUciice  of  tlic  genllcman    from    .M  ly- 
land,  (;Mi-.   I'lnkiuy.)     I  uas  pieai-.ed  wi:h  his  li;cil 
i.nd  t.ar  manner  oi  meetiiig  tlie  question,  !)iit  !   wa:;' 
'shocked    widi  hi.;   pii.-.ciplcs.     1   never  did  hur,  T 
never  did  expeci  to  hc.,r,  wuhin  tl,e-.e   v,-a!ls,  pri.i- 
ciples  .so  (Luigerous  as  t!i.)se  lo  wnieii  the  gentiemau 
has  b:>ldly,i  Wild    about  to  say,  darin-ly,  given    ut- 
terance,     i'lie  treaty  m.ikiiig   power,  acording  ta 
his  duCvrinc,   is   v.itiunu    H;'.ut;   ii    is,  \.  ithouL     rc- 
stranu;  jii-ostrates    bclbre  it  all  t:ie   rigns  of  .!,i4- 
hoii.se,  and. tramples  under  ibol  <^piniv)n',  heretofore 
ueld  savred.     Whatever   treaty,  of  wjunever   kind,; 
fall  vvi^nin  the  p;iwers  of  ;my  civili;:ed  g-';veriinieiit,  ' 
it  1.S  com|jelent  vo  our  presuLent  and  .senate  lo  fijrni; 
ii  tlie  iiislrument  be  in  ilseif  complete,  it  it  nieic- 
ly  amiui  and  abrogate  laws,  Uiis  lioiise  cannoL   inter- 
fere; thus  the  Whole  of  our  slatuies,  ti^e  eniire  code 
ot  our  laws,  lies  attiieir  mercy,  and  nia},  wiili  '.lie. 
aid  of  any  loreign   soveieign.   who    will  uni^.e  in  ihc 
.-.ciieaie,  ue   lorever    anninil.tled.     Such   is  the  doc- 
uuie  of  Mic  gentleman    from'  Maryiand.     '^Vhcnce  • 
aoes  11  spring;  how   has   it  been    supported?  lei   lu 
probe  it  10  tlie  bottom,  let  us  ex.nnine  it  with  delib- 
eration.    Wnere  is  the  legislative  power  in  tins  go- 
veinment  vested  by  tlie  constitui  ion.^  iliis  is  tlie  .-.oic 
and  simple  question,  if  ie  be  not    the   only  pci at  in 
conj-oversj»  then  my  lips  are  closed,!  have  notni.ig 
more  to  s..y.     it  the  president  and  senate  can  make 
trea.ies,  widiout  repealing  exiiitrng  iaxvs  or  making 
wi^w   ones,  why  itt  them  do  so,  Ic-   them  treat,  and 
ireal,  and  ireat;   thcj-  will  not  alarm  my  fcais,  I  shall 
feel  no  concern.     There   m.iy  be,   for   any  Hiing  I 
;cnow  to  the  contrarv-,  many  treaties    which   do  not  ' 
necessarUy  include  iegishaioii;  there  arc  trea'ic.i  of 
-lUiance,  .riple  :uid  qua,[rui)le,  treaties   of  neuirali- 
ty,   partition,   family  coinp  .ccs,    xc.  give    tiiem  up 
Uiese;  on  diese  and  sucii  as  these  liicy  may  exercise 
dieir  treaty-making  power.     But    le:  them  n.t  le- 
gislate. There  are  boimds  to  this  authority,  as  claim- 
ed for  them.     The  legislation  of  congress  is  defined 
and  limned  by  the  coi;.,tituli.>n,  but  treaty  le|;isla- 
lion  has  no  bounds.     The  president  and  senate,  w  i  u 
the  aid  oi  a  few  commissioners,  and  a  foreign  sove- 
reign, an  emperor  or  a  king  of  Fraiice,  a  lord  Cas- 
llereag-h,  or  any  otiier  depot,  may  govern  this  peo- 
ple  without  check    or  control,     or    responsibility. 
I'hey  ntii).'  The  gentleman  from  Maryland  says  the}- 
can — tiiey  can   les-islaie,    although  "all     legislative 
pov,er  is  vested  in  congress,  consisdng  of  u  house: 
of  represematives,  senate    nd  president.    They  may 
reguiau  commerce,  although   the  right  to  regulate 
commerce  is  i,iveii  lo  coni,rcjs;  they  niav  draw  mo- 
i)e\  from  the  treasury  by  law,  tor  a  treaty  is   a  law. 
Look  to  ilie  general  powers  of  congress;  look  to  the 
specihed,  look  to  the  limiiaiions  imposed  upon  tiiat 
bod) — leave  out  this  house,  subs  iiutea  foreign  go- 
verimiem,  Uieir  general  powers  are  iisuri^ed,   their 
specihed  ]30wers  tak.a  from  tnem,   the  limitations 
ill  posed  tor  the  good  of  the  peop.e  utterly  disre- 
garded.    'I'he  president  and  senate?  Lei  them  not 
legislate — it  is  the  proudest,  it  is  the  only  prerogu- 
live  OI  republicanism.     Legislation  and  represeatji- 
tion  iu  free  governments  go  hand  in  nand.  Thty  are- 
iioi  representatives,  tiiey  are  not  responsible.     Tnc 
g'eiuleman  from  Maryland  says  tiiey  are  more  respon- 
sible than  members  of  this  house.     How  stands  the 
f..ct?  The  president   is  elected  for  four  years,  tlie 
members  ot  this  house  for  two,  but  !<s,  under  the 
pr..ctice  of  the  constitution,    the  chief  executive 
magistrate  serves  but  two  terms,  the  last  is  with- 
out a  shadow  of  responsibility;  he  does  not  present 
liiniselt  at  the  bar  of  the  public  to  receive  sentence 
of  approval  or  condcmnauon.     But  the  president  i? 


«LJPFi.EMKXT  TO  NILES'  RKGISTKR— TREATY  (QUESTION. 


43 


ii.iMe  to  inipe;K:!i'i;o,u. 
to  be  i'-iccl  \>y  \\i:a  \(  :•• 
c:i  icn  of  the  iii.sifu.;ie: 


IikIcc.I!  ii-npcac)i:ne:i;.=  Vcs,j 
]<n<b  who  rid^'ised  li-e  riuiti-! 
I  ;  \o  be  tric'.l  b^•  his  aeroin-i 


piices!  I  asli.  tlie  t;clVLlc!ii;in  f.oiii  A{aryl:i.r,(l  ir'  he 
wo'iid  iruikt'  i.i.i-isc-if  l:iu:,-hcd  :it  l)y  every  miin,  wo- 
m^n  .  ud  e'iiid  i-:  \hc  tomiriimity,  by  b.  i'ii*-i:i;>-  alxMil 
n:i  In  ilc  a:id  i'...cic;ii  «n  o.\.!ui>i'.ioh? — V/e  see  then 
t!ie  ii-s;>u!)'.iibili'.\  (;t' lliC  pte-ddciit,  let  iih  ex.niiirio 
tli:it  ()>■  ids  coiiijiiais.  Tne  senators  are  i'.T.inointed 
ihv  six  yeui-Sj  lUi!.  h\  the  ijcoiyie,  but  by  some  ilo/.ens 
of  i'.wlivid'Lils  \v.;o  iv.rrn  ihc  st.dc  lejjrsl  i.tii'-es — 
lliCi  ui-c  iKit  impeuciialile,  if  that  were  in  this  case  of 
:tny  iniponance,  nci'duT  are  Ihcv  ameruible  to  ceii- 
sure,  becHUSf  \\:i-\  trans  tct  their  executive  business 
M'iili  closed  duoivs — ihcy  act  i;i  private,  no  one 
knovvs  iiovv  aiu  benaifa- votes,  !ie  is  the  sole  depo.a- 
toiy  <d'  his  o\vi\  secret — he  votes  and  speaks  as  his 
e  .price,  his  iivicrt'sts,  or  his  jiid.<r.icnt  dictates — he 
{cars  no  pur.iohnieiii,  i'or  liis  course  is  ividden — )iis 
executive  po,-,  er.s  are  exer'fd  in  conclave — mark  the 
wji d,  ex^cmh:-  pouci-.s — would  i  be  believed  ha 
in  the  Uni.e(:!ii..tos  of  Ainciica  laws  wore  repealed 
and  ea.iCleil  i.i  ilw  evcrrise  of  crectrfivt'  business? 
Wiiy,  \5'liat  an  anomaly  is  the  executive  leg-islalive 
niar.agcment!  1? 

Tne    j^enleniai    fiO'.n     IMai'vl.ind   g'oes    tlie  full 
lc'i:i;tn.     Tfthe   tre.ity  merely  repeals  laws,  if  it   re- 


quire not  the  aid 


iis  bouse,    the  instiumcnt   is 


coiiiple-e — the  deed  is  done;  but  if,  and  according' 'to 
his  doc'rine  it  ra:)  i-,fver  happen,  it  requires  some 
act  ot  ours;  tlien  we  have  u.o  discretion,  ve  receive 
orders  and  inus.  obey — if  after  the  slabs  inflicLedon 
this  body,  aninialion  stiU  exist.  Tiie  g-enrlcnum  tcUs 
you  to  raise  your  suicidal  arm  and  perpetrate  self 
murder!  worsci  your  paricidal  arm,  and  plunge  a 
dat^ger  m  thebosoin  of  jour  country — for  the  repub- 
lic no  more  survives!  I  con.tains  noi  one  single  fea- 
ture to  disling'ui.-^li  it  from  tiie  despotisms  oi'Europe. 
If  tills  doctrine  prevail,  and  that  equally  abominable 
pririciple,  which  autliorizes  thejud.^•es  to  declare 
the  iitlle  renniant  of  }  our  legislation  nidi  and  void, 
because  in  their  opinion  unco  istittiiionally  exerci- 
sed; iieminedin  thus  b\-  the  executive  and  tiie  judi- 
ciary, tnere  is  no  fart'ier  use  ior  tills  assembl}'.  If 
the  legislature,  tlie  pre-eminent  auUiority  in  ail  free 
government,  be  thus  iducked  up,  thus  circumvented, 
and  that  too  by  comparitively  insignificant  depart- 
ments— departments  inferior,  subordinate,  ministe- 
rial, then  1  liave  no  hesitation  in  sayingthat  Isiioukl 
not  regret  the  flames  that  blazed  around  that  once 
splendid  edifice  now  in  view,  nor  that  a  similar  fate 
should  bei'al  this  humble  building  in  whicii  we  this 
day  are  met — for  one,  I  would  not  disgrace  myself 
by  holding  a  seat  in  this  degi-aded  and  miserable 
body. 

The  gentleman  f\-om    Maryland  contends,  that 
whatever  treaty  may  be  made  by  any  power  on  earth, 
may  be   made   by   our  president  and   senate;  tiiat 
wnen  made  it  becomes  the  law  of  the  land;  tliat  in 
this  respect  thei''  power  is  universal  and  unlimi'.ed. 
In  what  respcc'^  Ii  making  treaties  which  are  the 
laws  of  the  land:  in  other  words,  that  the  president 
and  senate  can  make  law  s  of  tlie  land  on  all  subjects, 
and    that  too    witiiout  limitaU.-in.     Surels"  noiiiiiig 
more  is  necessary  than  to   state  such   doctrines  to 
■make  diem  universally  abhorred.    Rut  to  deny  their 
truth,  is,  according  to    the  gentleman,  to  produce 
-  the  most  extravagar.t  anomaly  imaginable  in  the  con- 
,    stilution.     Is  it  not  rendering  dieconsiiiutionof  the 
I'uited  Sta'cs  a  more  extrav;igai^t  anoimdy  to  strip 
the  legislature  of  tlic  right  to  legislate,  and  transfer 
the  law-making  power  to  lire  executive.^  If  one  must 
yield,  if  the  president  and  senaie  must  be  retrench- 
ed in  their  treaty-tnaklng  power,  or  congress  depri- 


ved of  theright  to  legislate,  tlien  is  there  no  room 
f(>r  h.esitation;  dilKc  il'ici  in  re.i^u-d  :o  intercourse 
witii  iureigii  gov.ii-n'Vie:its,  can  tvah,  embroil  us  with 
theuir  buti.n  inierferenre  with  therit;'iKS  iiral  d  r.  ics 
of  congress  prostrates  the  onl-  bf.iier  between  the 
people  and  ddpoism,  and  erab/oiis  tiiem  wiuieach 
other.  Lei  us  pi-esei-ve  the  uni;).%  the  cone tiiu; ion, 
principles  of  rcp;!)licanis'n,  and  tiie  privilege-;  of 
tins  house;  let  us  guai'd  ag.iinst  the  i  iiro<luctioii  of 
slaA'isli  unci  European  notions  of  executive  supn-ema- 
ev',  and  we  ]i.-,ve  notiiingto  fear  from-  the  hosiility  of 
a  world  in  arms. 

Hut  who  arc  they  whom  we  behold  in  arrav,  sup- 
|K>rting '.he  extravagant  preicnsions  of  the  scn-.teof 
llie  United  S  ates?    What  a  siiu^ular  phenonit'on 
tl;cy  cxiiibit:  we  find,  iiiem  ranged  against  tlie  Ijody 
of  wiiici)  they  form  a  part;  we  find  thc.n  voLunt.u-ily 
surrendering  up  tiie  essential  pi-inciple  of  their  ex- 
istence, andtliat  toa  in  Pivor   uf  a  jealous  and  a  li- 
val  dep,:rt!nent,  wiule  the  cxecnfive  magis  rate,  in 
.dl  governments  suffrcie;itl\-  disniy-sed  to  cL.iiu   tlie 
full  measure  of  lii.-  jircrogalive,  hlmseli' admits  the 
|K)wer  properly  to  belong  to  those  br  whom  it  is  thus 
so  unacooun-.iibly  abandoned.     T   issert,  tliat  the  pre- 
sident of  the  United  hivates  does  nat  believe    with., 
tlic  gcnleman  from  .Mar  land,  tliat  a  treaty   can  re- 
peal or  enact  a  law,  ;ind  I  proceed  now    i;  p^-nve  it. — 
In  a  letter  dated  July  07,  1'^12,   from    M.-.  Monroe, 
then  secretary  of  state,  to  Mr.  Uasscli,  v,e  fiid  i,i«;_ 
fullowin;^  remarks:  "As  an  in  lt;cement  to    he  Brit- 
sli  government,  to  discontinue  tlie  practice  of  im- 
pressment from  our  vessels,  by  which  alo.ie  our  sea- 
men can  be  made  secure,  voti  ;-rc  authorized  to  sti- 
pulate a  prohibition  by  law,  to  be  reciprocal,  of    he 
employmeni   of  Briii.sh   seinien   in    tiie  public   or 
commercial  service  of  the  Uni'  ed  St.ite*.     A  stipu. 
la  ion  to  prohibit  by  law  tlie  en^plovinent  of  IBrilish 
seamen  in  the  service  of  the  United  Stntes,  is  to  be 
imderstood  in  the  sense  and  spirit   of  our  consti  u- 
tion.     The  passage  of  such  a  law  must  depend  of 
course  on  congfess,  who  it  mig-lit  re.ison.ibly  be  pre- 
sumed, would  give  eDeoi  to  it."     Cm  language  be 
more  explicit;  the  renu'iclttion  of"  thepo.ver  ascri- 
bed to  tiie  execuiive  more  fuiiP  Compareir  with  tlie 
language  o,' the  gentleman  from  Maryland.''  Accord- 
ing to  liim,  the  treaty  might  have   itself  repealed. 
Instead  of  stipulating  that  c  )ngiess  should  repeal  the 
law  in  question.     There  are  many  oilier  Instances  of 
a  similar  kind;  but  one,  as  clear  and  complete  ;is  the 
present,  is  of  as  much  value  as  one  thousand.     Let 
it  be  observed  too,  that  this  is  not  strictly  a  commer- 
cial afiair,  and  how,  if  it  were  not  coinpeient  to  the 
treaty-making  power  ro    act  independently  of  con- 
gress in  this  case,  shall  it  be  contended  it  can  act  in- 
dependently of  that  bodv,   in  commercial  question.';, 
uotwivustanding  the  co;istiution  gives    o  congress 
the  power  to  regulate  commerce.''  The  doctrine  of 
die  gentleman  properly  understood,  amounts  to  vvUat 
I  have  already  sta  ed,  an  exclusive  rigu    in  the  pre- 
sident and  -aiute  to  legislate  for  tiiis  n  .tion,  in  all 
cases;  it  is  neiiner  more  nor  less,  nor  can  ingenuity 
give  to  it  any  cniier  meaning.     And  wiiy  should  tiiis 
enormous,  this    overwlielming  power  be  yielded.'' 
Cannot   the   provision  of  any  treaty  be  declared  by 
law.''   Will  not    reciprora     legislation  l)etween  inde- 
pendent nations  supply  tlie  place  of  treaties.'  Might 
not   a  law  contain  ail  the  provisions  of  the  conven- 
lion  whicii  has  given  rise  to  ihis  debate.?   .Might  not, 
do  I  say?  Look  at  the  law  passed  at  the  last  session 
by  the  proper  authoriiy,  it  is  mereh"  rc-ec.oed  by 
vhis  treaty;  a  law  of  tiie  Britisn    ■overnment  meeting 
.iiat    of  ours,   would   have  ans\<'ercd  precisely   the 
purposes  of  tlieir  ins.rument;   and     he  same    .nay 
be  saiii  'jf  aU  tywu*i.    Why,  ii'  cQiiiji-tfls  sstowv  r^- 


44- 


SUPFLEMEKT  TO  NILES-  REGiSTEn-^titEATY  QUESTI05v\ 


pukte  conimeicc,  was  the  power  given?  Whyac  ed;  the  .•onsliUiti  )n  i^ive  to  the  president  of  the  Uiiil  ^ 
uVion?  Vv  iiv  tiie  act  to  which   I  iv.u  e  refen-ed?  Tiie :  Siatcs  the  power,  by  and  witii  \]\e  advice und  const-nt 


CO! 

cnGUji'h 


atict  at'  ihis  lioiise  iii:iy  he  .-.ccounied  tor  cisily  I ol' the  senate,  in  the  form  ot'a  treaty,  to  legislate  ^\rv 

Uie  people  ot  this  country,  by  repealing  the  laws  ui' 
congress  and  enacting  others  in  their  stead?  The 
question  is  important;  it  should  be  discussed  with 
temperance,  ami  decided  with  firmness.  1  agree 
witli  my  honorable  colleague,  (Mr.  Gold)  th;it  ihe 
present  occasicMi  is  aus[)icious  lor  both. 

It  is  admitted  on  botli  sides  of  the  house,  that  the 
treaty  now  under  consideration-is  v.  ell  ad\iscd,  and 
ought  to  be  carried  into  full  execution  on  the  purt 
of  tlie  United  States.  But  it  is  denied  by  the  hon- 
orable member  from  Massachusetts  (Mr.  Pickering) 
and  by  mostoi  those  who,  on  this  occasion,  vote  wiih 
him,  liiat  a  law  of  congress  is  necessai-y  to  give  it 
efteci,  because  the  constitution  dechu'es,  that  the 
president  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  ot  the  senate,  to  make  treaties,  pro\ided 
two  thivds  of  the  senators  present  concur;  and  tliat 
alltreaiies  made,  or  to  be  made,  under  the  authority 
or  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of 
the  land. 

Let  it  be  remembered,  that  municipal  law  main, 
tains  itii  obligation  over  all  those  subjects  which   are 
within  it.-  jurisdiction,  and  that  a  treaty-law  enforces 
as  agreements  or  compacis  otdy  on  public  interna- 
tional .dl,.irs  wiiich  municipal  law  cannot  reacii.     A- 
,uw  of  congress  compels  obedience  to  its  enactments 
on  a\\  subjects  over  which  legislative  power  is  grant- 
ed to  that  body  by  tiie  constitution;  but  what  power 
i>  more  clei'.rly  granted  tlian  tliat  or'reguhiting  com- 
uicrce?     And  wliat  law  is    more  purely    municipal 
ihan  that  wliicti  prescribes  the  sum  or"  money  to   be 
paid  on   Liie  impoilation  into  a  territory,  ofa  part ic- 
idar  article  of  irade  or   commerce?     Ic  enters  into 
consideratioiis  of  domestic  policy,    equ.dlv   impuft- 
anl  and   various.     The  wants  of  the  citizens   of   a 
s.a'.e  botti  in  peace  and  war — the  encouragement  of 
Llicir  home  manufactures,  and  generally  their  whole 
domestic  concerns  are  aH'cctcd  bv  it.  "  It  is,  there- 
core,  a  fit  subject  of  municipal  legislation.  By  whom 
ilieu  IS  sucii  leglsUiion  to  be  exercised?     The  con- 
.-.Uiiuioii,  in  the  first  section  ot  its  fir.->t  article,  gives 
tne  answer, '•«//    legidutive  prjivers  herein    granted, 
sUad  be  vested  in  a  congress  of  the   United  States, 
wliicli  sUall  consist  of  a  senate  and/jo7/«e  ofrepresen- 
tatiyes."     Tiie  eighth  section  of  the  same  article, 
w  njcti  grants  to  congi-ess  the  power   of  declaring 
war,  raising  and  supporting  armies,  and  coining  mon- 
ey, gran's  in  terms  equally  strong  and  definite,  the 
power  also  of  laying  duties  and  regulating  commerce. 
Uut  it  is  contended,  that  as  a  treaty  is  the   supreme 
law  of  the  land,  so  it  attaches  to  itself  the  essential 
quality  of  all  other  law,  that  of  repealing   former 
laws  contradicting  its  enactments;     and    gentlemen 
have  attempted  to  illustrate  this  position,  by  calling 
our  attention  to   the  treaty  of  peace,  and   asking 
wliether  it  did  not  repeal  the  law  declaring  war?     1 
answer  the  enquiry  in  the  negative.     Tiie  act  of  de- 
claring war  ism  most  limiLed   governments  jiirrely 
executive.     The  constitution  vests  the   exercis-j  of 
that  power  in  congress,  and  in  exerting  it  congress 


We  deem  tlie  suifjjcct  plr.ced  in  part  urider 
Our  con  roi — bu.  why  did  viie  senritciegislae? — w'ny 
(did  tliej  origin.T.^  theiCL?  Did  dicy  then  think  tliat 
ccmmejce  could  not  be  regulated  by  the  three 
brtii-hes?  "Wjis  t:.e  net  an  usurpation  of  the  treaty- 
jK.iking  pdv.er?  It  commenced  wi'.h  tliemselves. 
■Was  jiiupe-fi.ious,  oi  insuflicient?  Surely  Uut  body 
viil  makei.o  sucfi  admission. 

Tnetiotibe  of  representatives  contends  for  no  ex- 
clusive auiiiority — it  contends  for  such  a  participa- 
tion in  the  government  as  is  assigned  to  it  by  tiie 
ctjnstitU'ion.  T-ea  ies  may  be  made  by  legislation 
— bii'  le:;i.-dalinn  must  not  exit  through  treaties. 
Tiie  right  which  we  assert  cannot  be  productive  of 
i-.Tcniediable  inconvenience.  The  power  contended 
tor  by  the  .--enute,  and  tlieir  advocates,  subverts  the 
xerv  .but.dation  i.f  tne  government — totally  clianges 
i  s  'rr.rv.ci.er,  and  establislies  rank  and  unqualifiea 
despoiisTTi. 

.Ml.  Taylor  of  N.  York,  spoke  as  fiiilows: 
Mr.  Sne.iker — I  hnve  lisfenetl  to  tlie  remarks  ot 
ti:e  tonorable  member  from  JVIassachu.setts,  (Mr. 
P.ckerim;:)  with  the  attention  due  lo  age  and  expe- 
vie.ice.  The  important  ofrices  ne  has  iield  under  tliis 
goveiiiiiient,  .tii'd  the  e.xteiided  period  ot  iiis  pcditi 
c!  life,  ckiim  for  his  opinions  particular  respect. — 
But  line  li  ibiiie  of  respect  is  all  I  can  pay— 1  cannot 
asbent  'o  liis  construction  of  tiie  constitution,  as  it 
K|.j.iiies  ei'her  to  t!iele*,i.-5lalive  or  the  treaty  making 
po'.rer.  In  my  judgment,  liiese  po-ers,  under  tiie 
con:vatution  o."  the  United  States,  are  perfectly  dis- 
tinc:  in  i elation  both  to  tiie  r.utlioricy  cxercisin--. 
them,  knd  the  subjects  upon  wiiich  tiiey  can  deliiii- 
tlvely  hot.  A  treaty  is  a  compact  of  accommud:i- 
tior.  between  iiuicper.dent  sta'e^  rcla.ing-  to  tiieii 
piiblic  afTairs.  It  derives  ail  iis  elScacy  from  tut- 
consent  .uk!  agreement  of  tiie  parties;  it  operuccs 
11  (,>fi  tiie  willing  or.h;  it  is  obeyed  by  the  parties  no 
1.  ;.,.,er  Lium  (,!;euicrice  'n  vduatary.  li  its  engage- 
!;:ea!.s  «rfc  vi  >ia'ed,  rhcre  is  no  tribunal  competent  to 
Rirord  redress — recompe.'ce  can  be  found  only  in 
'iie  pr-»l;dons  ot'  a  nea-  compact,  equally  voluntary 
Tr-  file  first,  or  in  a  resort  to  the  ultima  ratio  reffum. 
Tf>e  proper  subjects  of  treaty  arrangement  are, 
ti,.-ise  to  v\'hich  leg'islative  power  cannot  reacli,  by 
reason  of  its  limited  J  urisdici  ion.  Were  it  not  for 
tin-.,  nf)  treaty  would,  or  indeed  could,  be  made; 
ttiere  could  be  no  parties  capable  of  contracting; 
freedom  of  will  would  be  wanting:  for  it  is  he  na- 
ture o!'  legislative  power  to  impo.^e  upon  all  persons, 
subject  to  its  jurisdiclif-n,  an  obligatio.i  to  conform 
themselv£s  to  tiic  ride  it  prescribes.  It  possesses 
within  itself  a  capacitv  of  making  fill  laws  necessary 
to  csu'i-y  its  enactments  mto  complete  execution;  all 
other  power  is  inferior  and  subject  to  its  control;  it 
is  restrained  only  by  the  constitution  of  the  govern 


nienl  under  which  \\  acts,  and  limited  only  by  its 
terrioriai  jurisdiction.  "Tiie  idea  of  law  necessari- 
ly comprei.ends  hat  of  a  pen.»lty,  consequent  upon 
its.  violation,  of  a  tribunal  whicli  determhies  the  peii- 
alty,  and  a  physical  force  to  put  it  in  execution." 
In  a  government  where  the  will  of  a  despot  is  the 
supreme  law,  i.  is  immaterial  to  the  subject  wliether 
that  will  be  expressed  in  the  annunciation  of  a  treaty 
or  an  edict;  but  in  a  government  where  the  law-ma- 
king power  is  vested  in  direc  departments,  and  the 
treaty-making  or  bargaining  power  iu  two  of  them, 
it  may  become  vastly  important  to  national  libert)-, 
tliat  these  two  dep^Jtmenis  sho  dd  not  be  permitted, 
in  tlie  orm  of  treaties,  to  exercise  the  sovereign 
|K)wer8t  enacting  and  repealing  ia\vs.    l>oes,  tuen. 


acts  rather  executively  t.'ian  legislatively.  An  act 
declaring  the  relations  of  amity  which  had  existed 
between  two  nations,  to  be  terminated,  may  be  pre- 
I'aced  with  a  recital,  that  the  ofTending  nation  had 
committed  acts  of  hostility  against  the  other,  aiid^ 
theieiore,  that  a  state  of  war  existed,  as  was  doneat 
tlie  last  session  of  congress,  in  passing  the  act  fpr 
protecting  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  a- 
gainst  the  Algerine  cruisers,  or,  omitting  a  recital 
in  the  law,  it  may  simply  enact,  that  a  state  of  war  is 
declnrsd  t»  e^U^  beiwesa  the  two  cotmtriejj  leavjiff 


.mJPPLEMP.NT  TO  NILKS'  REGISTER— TREATY  QUfiSTI©2ii; 


^0^ 


fie  ])Jib'ii<:-tt!on  of  its  erases  to  a  report  oi- raanires-ii  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives.     55"o,  sir — 
♦•  i,  ;is  WMi  (I  jiie  in  dcci.u-iu^-  war  a^-aiiisl  Great    Brit-j  it  only  says  "no  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  trea,- 

sury  but  in  consequence  of  appropriation  made  by 
law."     But  if  a  treaty  is  the  supreme  law  of  th& 


■ti.i.     1 1  ei.lier   case  the  law  is    purely  declaratory.! 

U  i)re.';iii)i)jses    hostile  acis  to  h.tve  been  coumiitted,; 

ftiid  doesncjrliin^-  mo.e  ,.ii.n  pronialt^Hte,  i;i  uu  nlici-;  land,  capable  oi  altering, amending  or  repealing  tlia 

ol:on;i,  t'le  c-xistinj-  rehciuiis  bevveen  tJie    govei-n-''lawsof  congress,  money  drawn  from  the  tre.isury  in 

iiioiils  concerned.     An  aci    decl.iri>.g  war,  is  in  its, 

n-if  u-ealso  otlimi.cd duration.    Ti.e  ttnly  legitimate 

<*!^.d  ofwitr  is  peace:     Surcl)  it  is  tueonly  end  con 


consequence  of  an  appropriation  contained  in  a  trea- 
ty, would  be  drawn  not  only  legally,  but  in  pursu- 
ance of  ihe  supreme  law  itself.  A  conclusion  fraught 
t'Cihplated  by  ilie  consi' u'io.i  of  .ne  United  States,   with  such  monstrous  absurdity  has  not  yet  found  aa 
H  is  to   continue  in  force    until  relatictns  of  amity  j advocate  on  this   floor — but  such  is  the  inevitable 
KJiall  be  i-Citored,  in  tlie  .uanner  pointed  out  by  tlie  ;consequence  of  the  construction  for  which  gentle. 


vonstitution,  and  no  longer.  Wiicnevcr  that  even. 
Iiiippens,  the  Ir.w  oeco.ues  i;ki|>plic.ib  e,  and  ex- 
pire., bv  Its  own  limi..t  ion:  A  treat;  o  peace,  there- 
fore, does  not  lepenl  an  ac  declaring  war 

Neither  is  a  ii  eaty  the  supreuie  law  of  llie   land, 
in  the  sauic  sense  uia'  ei.her  t<,e  >  ..nstiiuiion  or  an 


men  in  the  opposition  contend. 

Mr.  Speaker,  i;  has  been  aslced  whether  the  trea- 
ty will  no-  be  executed  even  if  congress  refuse  to 
pass  a  law  for  that  purpose.     I  answer  in  the  nega- 
live.     Bv  the  existing  laws,   goods  imported  into 
he  United  States  from  Great  Britain    in  American 


act  of  congrcs  i-,  -up-e.iie.  Tiiesecoid  p^r  graph  vessels  pay  a  certain  duty,  and  goods  imported  i.i 
of  the  sixth  ar:icle  o;  t!ie  cons.it!iti..n,  dccUres  |  gri  ish  vessels  pay  a  different  duty.  Rv  the  treat/ 
"this  consiitutioi;,  .nl  tne  la.^'.^of  me  U  .i  ed  Sia;es,  ii-^  ;«  agreed  that  in  both  cases  they  shall  be  charged 
V/hich  shall  he  m:>de  in  jairsuance  Uiereof,  and  all  jwitii  the  same  duty;  the  treaty  does  not,  neither 
ti-eaties  m  ide,  or  hici  .n  dl  be  ..n.de,  under  tne  j could  it  determine  wiiat  that  duty  should  bc;  whe- 
authority  of  the  Ui^i  ed  3  .te.-,,  shall  be  tiie  supreme  uher  it  should  be  the  higher  or  lower  roite,  or  a  nus- 
Thw  of  I  lie  land,  and  tiie  julges  m  every  s  a  e  siiail  jdification  of  both;  that  could  only  be  decided  by 
&e  bound  thereh;,-,  a-.;,  iuing  in  the  constitution  or  ;  municipal  law;  to  make  that  decision  the  bill  under 
ftiws  o;  -:iy  state  to ti.t  c  )ntrary  noiwi\ns  a.iding."  ;discussion  is  introduced;  legislation  on  the  subject 
First,  then,  the  cons;  id  i  ion  is  uipreme  as  being  '[<,  thought  necessary  bv  the  president  himself.  lu 
t^iat  ciiarter  of  libert}  pro])osed  io  tne  people  oi  me  his  messjig-e  communicating  the  trcatv,  lie  savs,  "t 
United  Stages,  by  their  convention  on  rue  17  ii  Sep-  'recommend  to  congress  such  legislative  prr>visions 
timber,  1787,  and  afterwar'ds  ratified  by  the  people  .is  the  convention  m.iy  call  for  on  tiie  part  of  llie 
4»f  all  the  states,  whicti  cannot  be  altered  by  .ict  of  United  States."  Such  is  not  the  form  in  which 
(Xjngress,  nor  b}-  treaty;  nor  in  any  other  mannertiian  treaties  capable  of  executing  themselves  are  com- 
Siat  prescribed  by  the  C(jiis!itntion  ii^elf.  I  is,  |  mimicated.  For  a  proof  of  this  I  refer  gentlemai 
t^ierefore,  saperior"in  dignii)  and  ••ULiiori;y  co  every  ;  to  the  presiden's  message  at  the  last  session  of  con- 
•'.iier  law.  Second— l.ws  oi  die  United  States  made ^pi-ess  announcing  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Great 
in  pursuance  of  the  consLituiion;  tnd  diird,  treaties  j  Britain. 

^ade  under  the  authority  of  tne  Uni  evl  S  ates,  al-  \Ve  liave already  seen  that  the  constitution  in  its 
fiio-igh  inferiarto  the  oivuiuiion,  ure,  wi.iiin  tiieir  Ifii-jjt  article  contains  a  declaration  that  all  legislative 
Bes;5ective  powers  ot' ni.iklng  iavs  concerning  tlie  power  shall  be  vested  in  congress.  The  eighdi  sec- 
interna'.,  and  making  compacts  relative  to  the  ex'er- :  tion  of  the  same  article  proceeds  to  enumerate  the 
j>al  affairs  of  the  coimtry,  supreme  iu  comparison  of  j  subjects  over  \^hic!i  that  power  may  be  exercised, 
•onstitution  and  laws  of  any  state,  and  bindiiig  upon  "Tne  congress  sh  dl  have  power  to  lay  and  collect 
flie  judges  thereof  This  construction  of  Uie  con-  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises."  Bat_  of  what 
'stilution  preserves  the  harmony  of  all  its  parts.     It  nv.iil  is  this  power  if  the  president  and  tiiirteen  se- 


Feaves  each  departmtatt  to  act  wit.iin  its  own  sphere, 
and  conforms  to  the  rule  tliat,  in  ex-pounding  an  in- 
strument, sucii  construction  shall  be  adopted,  that 
all  its  parts  may  stand  'ogether,  and  effect  be  given 
■to  each.  But  the  construction,  advocucd  by  those 
■rho  oppose  the  passage  of  this  bill,  on  the  ground 
that  legislative  interference  is  unnecessary,  is  in 
manifest  contradiction  of  the  consti.utiou  itself, 
and  the  acknowledged  powers  of  this  house.  If  the 
words  "supreme  law"  are  to  be  applied  in  ])recisely 
Uie  same  sense  to  the  constitution,  to  acts  of  con- 
gress and  to  treaties,  it  follows  that  a  treaty  is  of 
eq"al  dignity  and  binding  obligation  to  the  consti- 
tution. And  as  a  posterior  law  repejs  all- of  a  prior 
date  which  contradict  its  enactments,  a  treaty  may 
,  alter,  amend,  or  repeal  tiie  constitution   itself — but 

the  president    and   thirteen  senators    may    make  a    ,,,.  .,,„,^.,,  „..  „,..„..,.  .,.    „ . 

treaty,  therefore  they  may  in  tlie  form  of  a  treaiy  |he  disbursed  by  tiie'presi'lent  of  tlie  United  Stntes 
wake  amendments  to  the  constitution  which  cannot  j  — q,.  foj.  ^,,y  other  consideration  whicli  they  might; 
be  made  wiiliout  the  consent  of  tin-ee  fourths  of  liie  [ihinlc  proper  to  accept. 

States  in  the  union.  Their  construe' ion  is  in  mani- j  «To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  Uaitca 
fest  violation  also  of  the  acknowledged  powers  of 'states." 

congress.  It  is  admitted  by  all  that  it  a  treaty  con- 1  But  of  what  avail  is  this  power  if  the  president 
tain  astipulation  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  to  and  senate  can  repeal  the  revenue  laws  of  congress 
make  a  payment  of  money,  that  it  cannot  be  carried  ;  enactetl  with  a  view  to  pay  the  interest  and  repay 
into  efieci  without  the  passage  of  a  law  liy  congress  I  vne  principal  of  monev  so  borrowed,  or  if  they  cm 
making  an  a]ipropriation  for  ti)at  purpose — why  not?  |)y  treaty  borro'vv  money  themselves  and  pledge  the 
Will  gentlemen  inform  rue?  Tlie  constitution  docs  i  public  failli  or  nior»tj-a^e  thept-JjUc  lunds  foi"  •'•'•^  '^^'■ 
iHptsaj'  that  an  appropriation |aw  shall-  be  pas?"?;',  bv  I  jmbtysemsnt 


nators  can  by  trcatv  abolish  a  tax  or  duty  laid  by 
conip-ess  and  establish  another?  If  they  can  vary  the 
tariff  of  duties  in  ans  particular,  they  can  abolish 
it  altogether.  Tiiey  can  agree  that  all  goods,  the 
growtii,  produce  or  manufacture  of  the  British  ao- 
minions,  shall  be  admitted  into  the  United  States 
free  of  duty,  in  consideration  that  the  British  gov, 
ernment  will  extend  the  same  privilege  to  Antericau 
produce  imported  into  (ireat  Britain;  or  in  considera- 
tion tliat  the  British  government  will  grant  to  thu 
United  States  the  provinces  of  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada,  to  be  governed  as  the  president  and  seivitej 
or  as  the  president  alone,  or  as  any  other  individual 
may  direct;  or  in  consideration  that  the  British  gov- 
ernment would  pav  to   the  jiresident  of  the  senate. 


or 

ted 


to  the  paym.aster-gencral  of  the  army  of  the   Uiu- 
1  States,  an  annuitv  of  ten   millions  of  doila!-s,  to 


46 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NlLliS'  REGISTER— TREATY  QUESTION. 


■"To  rcg'ulate  commerce  with  foreif^n  nritiona." 

But  of  what  avail  is  this  power,  it"  the  presitlent 
and  senate  c:'ji  iltfiiiitively  agree  liy  tre;ity  with  .i 
foreign  nation,  wliat  articles  of  commerce  slial!  be 
admitted  into  tlie  United  Slates,  and  what  excladsd; 
what  duties  shall  be  paid,  and  wiiai  remitted;  and 
g^enerally  upon  all  subjects  relatins^  to  bodi  foreign 
and  domestic  conmicrcial  tran.s.ictions? 

"To  establisli  an  imiibrm  rule  of  nutvu\dizat)Oii." 

But  of  what  avail  is  this  power,  if  the  president 
and  senate  can  by  treaty  stipulate  that  the  subjects 
of  a  foreign  government  eidier  shall  not  be  admit- 
ted into  the  United  States,  or  be  admit. ed,  shall  not 
be  naturalized,  or  if  they  can  repeal  the  naturaliza- 
tion  laws  enacted  by  congress  and  establish  others 
contradictory  thereto? 

"To  declare  war." 

Even  this  exalted  attribute  of  sovereignty  is  of 
little  importance  to  congress,  if  the  ]>resident  and 
senate  can,  by  a  treaty  of  alliance,  bind  the  United 
States  to  commit  an  act  of  hostility  a...  ainst  a  naiion 
with  which  we  are  at  peace,  thereby  producing  a 
state  of  actual  war  as  effectually  as  if  declared  by 
the  constitutional  organ  of  the  government. 

"To  raise  and  support  armies." 

But  this  grant  of  power  may  be  rendered  useless, 
if  the  president  and  senate  can,  by  treaty  stipulation 
fix  the  number  of  men  to  be  retained  on  the  military 
establishment  of  this  and  another  country,  with  a 
view  to  the  mutual  security  of  both;  or  by  a  treat}- 
of  alliance  determine  the  coittingent  of  force  to  be] 
fVirnished  by  the  United  States  and  the  amount  of 
subsidy  to  be  received  therefor. 

"  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy." 

This  power  also  is  annihilated,  if  the  president 
and  senate  can  agree  with  the  government  of  ano- 
ther nation,  what  amount  of  naval  force  shall  be  re- 
gained in  service  by  the  respective  countries. 

Tiie  constitutional  power  of  congress  over  the 
militia,  if  the  construction  advocated  on  a  former 
occasion  by  the  gentleman  from  Massacltnseits 
(Mr.  Pickering-,)  and  his  jiolitical  friends,  be  cor- 
rect, (whicli  construction  h;is  been  sanctioned  too 
by  the  government  of  more  than  one  state  in  the 
tmion,)  is  loo  contemjjtible  to  justify  a  single  re- 
mark in  regard  to  its  possession. 

In  fine,  there  is  not  a  legislative  power  granted  to 
congress  by  the  constitution  which  the  president 
and  senate  may  not  usurp,  nay,  which  they  cannot 
lawfully  exercise  under  the  construction  given  io 
that  instrument  by  the  gentleman  from  Massaciiu- 
setts,  except  perhaps  the  power  of  exercising,  'ex- 
clusive"  legislation  over  the  district  of  Columbia. 

Against  such  enormous  political  heresj ,  I  am  con- 
strained to  enter  my  solemn  protest;  if  it  ever  re- 
ceive tlie  sanction  of  this  house,  the  chaner  of  A- 
meiican  liberty  will  not  be  worth  ])reserving;  the 
vight,  di;jfnity  and  power  of  this  house,  derived  no' 
from  sovereign  states,  but  from  a  more  noble  origin 
• — the  p£oi'Li;  t})emseives,  whose  representatives  we 
are,  whose  wants  and  wislies  tliC  constitution  pre 
.sumes  us  be'  ler  to  know  than  luiy  other  brancii  of 
thcgr.-ernmen;,  .and  to  v.hom  v.c  ;,rc  amenable  for 
the  exercise  of  the  power  confided  to  us — these 
yights  will  be  ab;indoned,  this  dignity  sullied,  and 
our  power  of  standing  between  tlie  people  and  op- 
pression will  be  gone  ibrever.  The  president  and 
senate,  uniting  legislative  anihoiity  to  execuiive 
patronage,  will  manage  the  concerns  of  the  govern- 
ment in  their  own  way,  not  responsible  to  any 
earthly  tribunal. 

Gentlemert,  however,  have  told  us  not  to  be 
alarmed — all  is  well — there  is  no  danger — the  presi- 
dent and  seaators  aj-e  boDoraWe  in^n— good  niea  and 


trtic — actjn.;-  under  aliigli  rcsponsibililv — with  \\U- 
i.om  to  discern,  and  virtue  to  pursue  Mie  be:.i  i:i-c- 
resis  ol  the  cotu^iry.  Al!  this  may  be  true,  btit 
wiiat  security  have  you,  Mr.  Speaker,  that  iheir 
.^cats  wi  1  alwa\s  be  occ'ipied  by  men  of  equal  rae- 
riis?  Kin.vs  have  been  bribed  and  senates  carrup'tcd 
— what  lias  ]ia|>penul  to  ti,c  chief  m;;gistvates  and 
senators  of  other  iges  and  imtioiis  mav  po^sibl"  lia))- 
pen  Hereafter  in  our  own  cotnitry.  Ciod  grant  that 
it  may  not — at  least,  that  nfither  we  nor  our  cliil- 
dren  to  the  hundredth  genvration  may  see  the  e\ii. 
But  should  it  be  the  rnistbi'time  of  tiie  Ame:icai\ 
peo])le  o  h.ive  tlie  aumliii^tration  of  their  go\e;-n- 
ment  committed  to  corrupt  hands,  what  iiic  :cuial)le 
mischief  would  no  follow  t'ne  docrine  of  presilcn-' 
tial  and  senatorial  legislative  supi-einacv.  Ira  ireaiy 
should  be  made  ombiaing  in  its  ])rovisions  a!J  'Ije 
usurpation  whicli  T  have  supposed  pos^ihie.  accom- 
panied with  circunist  .noes  iinlic  iting  the  nio>>  un- 
hallowed anii>l  io:i,  tiveti  lie  po'^r  s.itisfactioii  otpu- 
niihing  ihe  oiiCn>.ie]-s  wonid  be  denied  -o  '.he  j-scijilc. 
Tiie  sen. tie  is  the  sole  judge  of  i'S  own  niei!il)erb, 
\vi)o  are  not  liible  to  inipeac.nneiit  in  aiis  c.f.e  v.ji.it- 
ever,  and  die  president,  if  impe  iched,  would  be  t»  ied 
by  judge>  e'ju.dly  criminal  \sitii  himseif— judges, 
who,  in  tiieir  sen, -tori. d  cap  ci  \',  advi^ed  the  very 
act,  for  doin  ,■  whicii  he  pre  idcit  wo;lid  be  ar- 
raig-ned  at  the  bar  of  their  iioirse.  The  absurdity 
of  such  a  trial  is  too  manifest  to  require  a  com- 
ment. 

But  it  is  asked,  istlus  liouse  in  alliblc''  Is  it  iiroof 
a;iains  corrn])t  and  ambi  ious  innuence?  Is  its  pa- 
triotism above  all  pr.d.,e.''  1  answer,  tliat  its  numerous 
members  elected  for  a  shon  period  by  the  pcoj^le 
themselves,  are  at  least  equallv  unlikely  to  iudulg-e 
projects  of  ambition  dangerotis  to  die  liberties  of 
their  fellow  ci  izens  as  the  membeis  of  tiie  senate, 
which  in  practice  is  almost,  and  in  henry  altogether 
a  permanent  body.  The  people  have  t!»crcfore  some 
addiiion.d  security  in  the  public  virtue  o  this  house 
for  at  least  hones  legislation,  wiiich  would  l>e  en- 
tirely v.ithdrawn  b\'  the  construction  of  tlie  consti- 
tution, against  which  1  protest.  And  if  it  happen 
contrary  to  my  expectation  that  the  senate  shall  re- 
ject this  bill,  which  I  trust  we  sliall  shortly  send  to 
them  for  their  concurrence,  the  period  will  already 
have  arrived  when  every  barrier  which  this  house 
can  erect  will  be  required  at  our  hands  to  guard 
the  rights  of  the  people  against  the  tyi-anny  of  se- 
natorial usurpation. 

But  we  are  again  told  to  quit  our  fears,  for  "there 
is  no  danger."  Mr.  Speaker,  it  was  one  of  the 
first  lessons  taught  me  by  n\v  parents,  not  to  be- 
lieve in  the  doctrine  of  "no  danger."  I  remember 
to  have  read  in  a  i;Ood  old  fashioned  book,  that  it 
was  the  doctrine  successfully  preached  b}'  the  ser- 
pent to  "the  mother  of  mankind."  It  was  in  sub- 
stance the  language  used  by  .]i)al),  who  too  was  an 
honorable  man,  a  ciiief  and  a  captain  over  t!ie  liost, 
while  he  was  preparing  to  plunge  hii  murderotis 
weapon  into  the  side  o*  Abner,  thesonof  Ner — an. I, 
in  fine,  it  was  the  language  f)f  tae  lories  in  the  i-e- 
volutionary  War.  Un'.,  u  was  never  the  language  of 
the  ret  olutior.ary  waig.  Wiien  the  Bii'iisli  govern. 
mentinipose;l  a  three  pciiny  lea  tax  upon  the  peo- 
ple of  this  country,  the  toiies,  or  as  they  called 
themselves,  the  lo;,  allots,  said,  "no  dangei-,"  it  h 
an  honorable  government,  and  the  power  will  not  be 
abused.  But  wiiat  said  tlie  whigs?  It  is  said  theyj 
the  principle  and  not  the  sum  against  wliicli  we  con» 
tend. —  II  we  ..bandon  die  princip  e,  tliereis  nostop- 
])ing  poin  ;  wev.ii.;d  :  e  chained  together  like  niaiiu- 
clcd  slaves,  and  dii\eii  wherever  our  masters  pie.is* 
I  to  drive  us.~SucU  too  was  the  lang-uage  of  repubii- 


SUPPLKMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—TREATY  QUESTION. 


•*? 


csn  uln.R;s  in  1798.  And  it  v.  ill  be  the  lang"aage  of  atehad  this  power  independent  of  all  law.  Their 
wi.i^  ir.i(:ci;)les  u)  tlic  ei.d  ol  the  wo; Ul;  exa  ine  pu.ssi:ij;-  tiiis  law  thei-efbre  is  tne  strongest  proof 
ti.e  jK.gei).  uU  History,  and  :  on  will  iindi  lie  iiod.iii- jxlie)  coakl  iiave  given  us  of  their  belief  that  tlift 


<rtr  creed  lecominendcd  l)y  tiie  Cataiines,  Ai-nolds, 
and  l,c.Mi:irds  of  all  n  .tioiis,  and  reii:i'-cd  by  tiicir 
Fra.-.klias,  IJrowiis,  and  Jaciistnis.  We,  Mr.  Speaker, 


president  an<l  senate  had  nottiiis  power- 
Mr.  Vv".  said,  if  lie  understood  the  gentleman  from 
Mussaciuisettb  (Mr   ricliering)  correcdy,  heunder- 


[u-e  \i\c  pci)|ilc's    waichnieii — tlieir  seiiUnels      It  is  |  took  to  shew  by  the  uniibrm  practice  of  the  govern  • 
our  duiv  lo  be  vigdaii  ,  to  guanl  dieir   lioeriies  and  nneiu  since   liic  adop  ion   of  the    constitution,    that 

hiws  had  not  been  passed  to  carr}' treaties  into  effect, 
exccj).  where  an  appropriation  of  money  was  requi- 
red, and  he  iheuce  inferred,  that  la'.vs  for  that   pur 


ti).';oiV.:d  M\  ahum  a  eveiy  approac  of  danger;  aid, 
wliilc  I  have  tlie  lionorto  occupy  Liiis  place,  no.  one 
IJt,  >K.rone  iiiue  of  then-  rigiiii.ur  oi  laeconsilui 
lior.-.i  power  of  this  iiou-e,  .sn.dl  be  usurped  by  the 
sen.ue,  orany  other  depar  uieniof  the  guve:anicnt, 
bv  1.1  V  cnnsem. 

"  Mr.  iViLlP  .-i.dd,  iie  little  tiiought  -.vhen  'his  debate 
cs^n'.njenced,  tiat  it  \\\)U.d  have  oeen  co-Uhmed  so 
lor.^-,  and  uiouglU  as  iitiie,  that  in  tne  course  of  it, 
hcsiiouM  !iixve\roubled  the  House  witli  any  remarks. 
Till  .V)\v  i;id.ei,  .le  had  been  a  mute,  as  far  as  lie 
c.)  lid  be,  a  paiient,  and  lie  'loped  not  altogether  in- 
aiendve  asmer.  II  td  iiis  views  o!  the  subject  been 
presented  to  Jieiioaseby  any  other  gentleman,  he 
slio'ud  slid  have  remahied  so,  conient  to  prefei 
]i:jwever  ignoble  die  ciioice —  he  safety  of  silence  to 
thciiazards  of  debate.  As  they  nad  nov,  he  would 
venture  to  intrude  them  .is  i)riefly  as  ne  could,  that 
a«  least  they  might  not  tire  those  w.rjm  tliey  did  no 
p'.e.'.se. 

lie  desired  previously,  liowevcr,  to  ofl'cr  a    word 
or  two  in  ans-ver  to  some  arguments  which  had  been 
urged  in  tlie  com-se  of  this  discussion.     It  iiad  been 
said  by  the  gentleman  from    South   Carolina  (Mr. 
Caliioun)  that  tlie  l)ill  upon  your  table  is  unnecessa- 
ry, because  an  ac'  was  passed  at  the  last  session  re- 
pealing our  discriminating  duties  as  to  all  nation, 
who  snould  lejje.d  tlieir  disci-imina  ing  duties  as  to 
us.     Now,  sir.'a'^ked  Mr.  W.  what  evidence  have  we 
that  Cireac  Britain  iias  repciled  lier   di.xriminating 
dutie-i  as     o  us.'     The   treaty  indee.l   provides  iha". 
she  snuil  do  so,  and  there  is  n'o  doiv>i  ii  will  be  done. 
But  a.  present,  .•,i.-,  they  arc    merely   suspended    by 
the  order  in  council  of  "the  17th   of  Augusi,    whica 
we  have  seen  in  tne  newspapers,  und  which  does  not 
refer  eitlier  to  the  words  or  the  date  of  the   treaty, 
and  cm  as  little  be  connected  with  the  law  or    the 
last  session.     On  the  contrari  iis  duration  is  limiLcd 
to  six  weeks  after  the  commencement  of  tlie  nex 
sessionof  parliament,  poinding    evidently  to  a  repeal 
•of  tliose  duties  by  act  of  parliament  be. ore  the    ex- 
piration oflliat  jieriod,  and  by  and  by,  we  sliall  see 
the  ac-  repealing  those  duties,  wiiica  it  is  necessary 
should  be  aholisnetl  before  the   law  of  the  last   ses- 
sion call   operate  efiectually.     Farther  sir,  a  strict 
exauiinadonof  that  law  will   sliew    tliat  however  it 
migiit  have  been  intended,  its  words  fairly  interpre- 
ted, reach  only  to  goods  wares  and  mecnandize  the 
growtli  or  produce  of  the  ioreign  nation,  and  not  to 
the  ships  or  vessels  i,i  whicli  they  may  be  imported; 
whilst  the  conveiuion  stipulates   that  all  discrimina- 
tiim  as  to  both  siiall  be  at  an  end.     The  law  of  the 
last  session  therefore  is  no.   co-extensive  with   the 
stipulations  of  tlie  conven  ion,  and  cannot  supersede 
the  necessity  ol  tlie  present  l)ill. — IJut  the  passage  of 
that  very  l.iw,  sir,  i'urnishes  an  argument  against  tlie 
doctrines  of  the  gentlemen   who  have  alluded  to  it, 
so  far  as  any  argument  cm  be  drawn  from  the  prac- 
tice and  opinioris  ot"  the  last  congress.     If  tliey    be- 
lieved, as  tne  genllemen  do,  tha    tlie  president    and 
senate  h;id   tlie  power   of  making  a  trctty  whieli 
siiould  havethe  force  of  a  law  in  repealing  those  du- 
"Jies,  why  waj  it  necessary  to  puss  a  \u\v  pro^•iding  ior 
their  repeal.''     Kvidenvly,  sir.  It  would  not  have  been 
thoug;i;  necessary,  for  '.ccording  to  such  a   supp»)d- 
tiou  they  must  iiavc  bcbcved  the  [)ve-ident  imd  sen- 


3nse  Itad  nui  been  deemed  necessary.     Mr.  VV".   de- 
clared he  bad  examined  all  'he  treaties    whicli   had 
been  made,  and  tiie  laws  wnich  h.ive  been  passed  re- 
garding them,  in  conjunction  w  iih  his   friend   and 
collea.^ue  who  reported  this  bill  to  the   liouse,  and 
who  gave  a  brief  statement  ofthe  nature  of  the  trea- 
ties made  and  the  laws   p:i',sed,  and  of  the    evident 
reasons   win',   in  certain   cases  lavv-s  had  not  been 
though,  necessary.     His  colleague  certainly  did  not 
go  into  detaihs,    because  with  such    subjects  eveiy 
memberof  die   house  was  presumed  to  be  acquain- 
ted; but  the  residt  of  their  examination  was    a*^  con- 
viction in  them;  but  that  whenever  laws  had  not  been 
passed  in  coni'ormi.y  with  the  stipulations  of  a  trea- 
ty, it  was  gener.dly,  if  not  universally  because  those 
stipulations  did  not  touch  any  of  tlie    objects  com- 
mitted exclusively  to  the  jurisdiction  of  congress;  or 
inotiier  wonls,  did  not  require  the  enactment  of  any 
new  or  tlie  ciiange  of  any  old  municipal  regulation. 
To   enter  into   an    examination  and  comparison  of 
those  laws  and  treaties  now,  woidd,  Mr.    W.   obser- 
ved, be  to  inflict  more  upon  the  patience  ofthe  house 
than  it  would  be  willing  to  endure. — If,  however,    a 
positive  precedent  upon  his  part  was  demanded,  he 
would  lay  nis  liand  upon  it  at  once;  and   it  was  not' 
the  less  welcome,  to  him  at  least,  on  account  of  its. 
having  been  established  during  tlic   administration 
of  Mr.  .Tefferson,  a  period  oi  what  he  had  been   ac- 
customed  to  consider  as  correct  principles.     It  was 
die  stronger,  because  Mr.  Jefferson,  when   secretary 
of  state,  is  said  to  have  maintained  tiie  opinion    now 
supported  by  tlie  gentlemen  on  the  opposite  side  of 
tiie  liouse.     Tlie  Louisiana  convcntioti,  Mr.  W.  said 
was  open  before  iiim,  :uid  he  fotir.d  lliere  a  stipula-. 
tion  upon  the  very  same  subject,  and  in   form    not 
very  unlike  tii.-it  of  the  ireaty  now  under   discussion. 
TJKVt    stipulation    provided    for  the   admission  of 
Frencli  and  Hpanisii  vessels  into  the  port  of  New 
Orleans  for  twelve  years,  upon  tiie  same  footing   as 
American  vessels — the  law  which    was   passed   or 
tliat  occasion  did  contain  a   provi.,ion  to    the   same 
elfect.     (Here  Mr.  Wilde  read  the  law  and  the  con- 
vention.) , 

The  bill  Iiefore  you,  Mr.  W.  remarked,  has  beer. 
called  "tiie  echo  of  tlie  treaty,  its  reflected  imago, 
its  twin-brotiier."  He  would  ask  if  tiiis  law  and  tiie 
article  in  the  L'>uisi:ina  convention  are  not  at  least 
of  the  same  family,  and  a.s  like  one  another  as  Se- 
bastian and  Viola!" 

Having  made  tliis  reply  to  some  of  the  arguments 
of  others,  iMr.  W".  s;dd,  lie  would  now  proceed  to 
offer  a  few  of  ids  own. 

Ifiie  h.adnot  misconceived  some  of  the  remarks  of 
the  gentleman  from  Maryland  (Mr.  Pinkney)  it  was 
admitted,  tiiat  a  treaty  might  be  cither  self  exec- 
utory, or  might  require  a  law  to  caiTv  it  into  efTect. 

He  agreed  perfectly  in  that  opinion,  but  no  rule? 
iiad  been  furnished  ior  deciding  wliat  treaties  were 
self  executory,  and  v/h.it  required  laws  to  assist 
their  operation;  v.ithout  sr.ch  rules  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  determine  the  present  question,  whicb> 
is  to  what  clr»3  does  this  trentv  belonjr.' 


4S 


SlTPl^LEMEN T  TO  xNlLES-  llEGlSTBir-TREATY  ^UESTI OK 


for  if  he  failed  he  tbrieited  notliinK^but  a  rep-itaiiop 
\vhich  is  not  worth  preservings—while  if  he  siiccecd- 
pd  lie  ticciuires  all  he  cun  ever  hope  for,  the  praiseof 


the  (ibject  o'lhc;  '.rcaty  is  rrmnmcipa!  rej"iiatii>ri. 

As  to  a  treats  of  subsidv,  tliat  loo  wotild  reqiiir4 
leg-isklioii  in  tlie  co'viirv  paying'  t!ie  siibddy,  be- 
cause tise  appropria;  ion  of  money  is  a  municipal  reg- 
ulation. 


teinp useful.  The  rule  whicli  lie  wculd  oflcr  Wi.s 
probably  not  such  a  one  as  the  gentleman  nimseif 
vvonld  have  f^iven;  certainly  not  as  good  a  one,  possib- 
ly Utile  better  than  no  rule  at  all.     He  ofiered  it  noi 

without  hesitation,  and  it  was  siinplv  th.i":     _  I  cession  and  bound;.rv,  thev  re-;uired  to  be  consider- 

That  where  the  stipulations  of  a  trcity  reiate  cn-l,.,i  .^g  ,^,„ii  with  relation  to  the  extent  of  the   power 
ttt-elv  to  objects  purely  international  or  extra   tern  j.-gsted  in  the  au-i-onvv  mafdng-  tiiem,  as   with  relu 


^■V'i;!i  rc^'ard  to  trcaicsof  alliance,  with  a  nation 
ihc.dv  tn.,-..>i<rd   i'l  a  s»'ar,  as  well  as   to   ti-enies   oi' 


tion  lo  the  objects  of  the  treaties  themselves.  K 
the  same  a.itii  jri'.v  ■vliich  is  invost'^d  '.viiUthe  povr-^ 
ev  of  making  trcatie^s.  pos.'.esies  ;dso  the  power  cri" 
decla!  inn- war,  then  tiiat  autiiority  may  make  fi  trea- 
ty ofaJliance  willi  a  nation  actually  eng-agcd  in  » 
war.  Bui  if  the  po\fer  of  making  treaties  and  of 
declaring  war  is  no*  lodged  m  ihe  saiue  hands,  then 
die  iii'liorjty  of  tite  Ireaty-niiiking  i)owcr  does  nf>t 
extend  to  sucii  a  c  ise;  because  to  make  a  treatv  ot' 
alliance  v/ith  a  nation  engajred  in   war,  i.s  to  TtiiJco 


torial,  then  they  are  self  executory,  or  at  most  re- 
quire noth  ng  more  than  an  exert  lo"  of  the  execnttvej 
w-jvuliclal  powers  lo  carry  tiicm  into  eflect.  But 
that  where  thev  relate  solely  to  objects  extra-terri- 
torird,  objects  purely  of  municipal  legislaiivt-  juris- 
diction, there  they  require  the  exertion  of  tiie  mu- 
nicipal legislative  authority  to  assist  their  opera- 
tion. . 

To  the  first  class  belonged  conventions  rpgulatmg 
the  reciprocal  rights  and  duties  of  nations,  v/hen 

oneofthcm  shall  be  belligerent  and  the  ot!;er  neu-|..vi,poi,  the  enemy  of  that  nation —Even  if  the  tre.ttv 
tral,  including  the  .lermition  of  blockade,  of  cnntra-j  nvJi'm^  power  is  also  invesi  ed  with  the  power  of  de- 
hand  of  war,  of  enemy's  property,  of  the  right  of  (.l„^.i,.,;,  ^var,  s»ill  all  iiie  sapulations  of  .aiiv  treaty 
search,  and  of  all  other  questions,  coniuigwithmlhe^jf  j^iji^^pce  wuich  it  m.av  nuke  whh  a   beiUqrcrent; 

ori.viiiiiii   so  far  as  'he  same  relate  to  raising  troops,' 
,      -    _,  monev,  or  to  other  objects  of  municipal  re- 

..  uithority  of  national  law.  .^ru'lation,  so  f-.r  will  the  stipulations  of  such  a  treaty 

tn  the  same  claSs  vrere  included  all  treaties  merely  j i.,-.qu„.e  legislative  interposition  to  carry  them  into 
of  peace.  As  to  these  the  president  and  senate  i'Ht-:cHoct.  Oil  the  other  hand,  so  far  as  such  sripula- 
ifv  the  treaty.  Tiie  president  as  commander  m  tiuns  concern  objt-cts  merelv  inter-nationr.l  and  ex- 
rhicfcan  suspend  hos'ilitics,  and  the  tribunals  of  i,..j.tei-ri  orial,  so  .^^r  they  are  self  executory,  or  a'E 
prize  are  competent  tof  do  the  rest.  ^  _      |  all  events,  may  be  executed  by  the  executive  ani 


iurjsuiction  of  the  admiralty  or  maritime  courts  of|,,.^fn,j,^ 
either  nation,  sitting  under,  and  professing  at  least, '  p.^  i|,cr 
to  decide  r.ccording  to  the    -^"  -  -        ^— ^:-.-~i  i--       -•     ; 


es.     If  the  change  was  to  be  reciprocal,   ac- 

c'-rding  to  his  idea,  it  would  require  the  interposii  ion 

fd'th.e  legislature  of  each  country  respectively;  if  it 

i- not  to  be  reciprocal,   it  would  require  tlie   inter-iP"^" 

position  (if  the  legislature  of  that  country  only,  inj 

which  the  change  was  to  be  effected. 

j'arther,  sir.  said  Mr.  W.  treaties  may  be  mixed,         ...  ■      ,     •  i  ^-  ■    i  •   •-, 

'    ,  -,    P   ,.      1  .■   „      .,1  ,  ,   ■  +„   „u-.,.t    'municipal,  wul  require  leosislation;  your  laws,  civil 
cr  com.pouncied  of  stipulations,  relating  to  ol)ttcts,|      ..'.',  i     .       =>       ^    -  '  ■>      .  '-    . 

some  of  which  belong  to  one  class  and  some  to  tiiej*"'   cumm.x , 
othe 


boundaries  or  cede  any  part  of  its  territory  by  treaty, 
and  docs  by  trea*}  contract  its  boundaries  or  cedes, 
of  its  territory,  such  a  treaty  is  self-executory 
— If  by  a  treaty  uf  cession  or  boundaiy,  it  extends 
the  limits  of  the  nation,  or  acquires  new  territories', 
I  such  a  treat)-,  so  far  as  it  relates  to  objects  merely 


Of  tl.isdescription  are  treaties  of  guarantee,  of  al- 
liance, of  subsidv,  of  cession,  of  i)oundaries,  and  ma- 
ny others  which  I  will  not  attempt  to  enumerate. 
So  far  as  these  relate  to  objects  purely  international, 
thev  are  seli-execnlory,  or  at  all  events,  may  be  ex- 
ecuted without  the  aid  of  the  legislative  power. 
Btit  so  far  as  tliej'  concern  objects  solely  of  raunici- 
nal  les^islation,  so  far  they  require  the  aid  of  the 
je"-islative  authority  to  carry  tliem  into  effect.  If 
the  terms  are  reciprocal,  they  will  require  recipro- 
cal legislation  in  each  country,  respectively,  so  far 
as  they  relate  to  the  latter  class  of  objects.  If  lliey 
are  not  reciprocal  they  will  recjuire  legislation  in  that 
country  onlv  where  municipal  regidations  are  to  be 
altered  or  affected. 

Thus  a  treaty  merely  of  guarantee  or  alliance,  be- 
tween two  nations,  both  of  whom  are  at  peace,  is 
self  executory;  it  is  perfected  by  the  exchange  of 
ratifications.  Its  objects  are  purely  inteniational, 
and  require  no  legislation',  because  they  require  no 
new  mimicipal  regulations,  neither  do  they  require 
the  change  of  any  already  in  existence. 

But  it  such  a  treaty  stipulate  that  one  or  botli  par- 
•tjfsgjlitfi  >'«^-  nnd  ktep  up  a  je^^vtain  niuitber  of 


cannot  be  extended  over  it  merely  h^ 
treaty. 

To  decide  hov."  far  .any  trenty,  and  psrticularly  the- 
treaty  before  us,  requires  legislative  assistance  to 
cai-ry  it  into  efieci,  we  must  ascertain  first,  the  con- 
s.itutiowal  extent  of  (he  treat} -making  power  ovei* 
he  objects  of  th.a  treaty:  and  secondlj',  how  fartho 
treaty  stipulations  concern  such  objects  as  are  purely 
international,  and  arc  for  this  reason  self-exeoutorj's 
and  lio-w  far  those  stipulations  relate  to  objects  mu-'/ 
niclpal  and  eKtra-lcn-itorial,  and  therefore  cannoi 
execute  themselves  or  be  executed  wiUiout  Icgisla^ 
live  interposition. 

Tie  president   and   senate  liive  power    to   make 
trea'ies,  this  is  said  to  mean  all  treaties— treaties  of' 
commerce  as  well  as  the  rest.     Granted.     Still  this' 
docs  not  decide  Iha  quejlion.     These  treaiies  whc-.j- 
made  may  be  either  self-executory,  or  they  may  ve^ 
<piire  the  aid  of  laws  to  carry  them  into  exccution.i- 
uf  which  class  is  this  treaty.?   What  are  the  objectr 
of  .some  of  its  s'ipnlations?  Are  they  purely  inter-;, 
national  (H-  municipal? — Extra   or  intra-territorial.  ^ 
Tliey  rela  e  to  the  equalizatio.i  of  duties.     Can  any- 
thing iie  asked  be  .^o  entirely  an  object  rtf  niuniclpal . 
rcgula  ion?  Can  any  thing;  be  'CfioTQ  cOinnlctely  jn^.ra.- 
territoriict|. 


SUPPLEilENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTKR— TREATY  ^UESTIOX. 


4$ 


Let  us  conslcler,  said  Mr.  W.  the  nature  oftlie  trea- 
♦v-making:  power.     I.s  it  a  power  to  pledg-e  the  ftiiili 
oV  the  nation;  to  any  thing-  or  to  every    thing?     Pos- 
sible or  iuipossible.?     Evidently  not.     It  is  a  power 
to  pledg-e  the  faith  of  the  nation  for  the  performance 
of  such  thjng-s  only  as  are  naturally  and  constitution- 
ally possible.     Ls  it  a  power  to  pletlg-e  the  faith   of 
the  nation  absolutely  and  without  qualification  in  all 
oases.i*     Or  only  absolutely  in  sonie  cases  and  quali- 
fiedly  in  others?    Certainly   the   latter.     And   tiiis 
Seenied  to  him  the  distinction.     Tlie  treaty-making- 
power  is  autliorised  to  pledge  the  faith  oftlie  nation 
absolutely  for  the  performance  of  all   stipulations, 
purely    international  or  extra-territorial,     because 
these  are  either  self-executory,  and  are  in  fact  part- 
ly executed  by  the  mere  exclianjje  of  ratifications,  as 
in  i»  treaty  of  peace;  or,  they  depend  for  tiieir   exe- 
cution on  the  executive  and  judicial  powers,  which 
Sire  sufficient  for  that  purpose  as  in  the  restoration  o:' 
prizes  captured  after  the  cessation  of  hostili  ies;  as 
in  the  decision  of   contraband,    enemy's  property, 
blockade,  the  right  of  search,  the  ciiange  of  property, 
and  all  other  questions   of  maritime  jurisdiction. 
But  as  to  all  objects  ofmere  municipal  reg-ulat  ion,  it 
is  not  authorized  to  pledge  the  faitli  of  the  nution  ab- 
solutelj',  and  without  qualification,  because  tliese  are 
to  be  affected  only  by  laws,  and  cannot  make  laws, 
though  it  can  make  treaties.     But  this  treaty  is  a 
law,  and  the  supreme  law.     Tlie  ap.swer  was   easy — 
it  had  been  given  a  dozen  times.     If  the  president 
and  senate  could  legislate  by  treaty  upon  one  object, 
purely  municipal  and  intra-territorial,   tliey  tould 
iegi.slate  by  treaty  upon  all  objects  purely  municipal 
and  intra-territorial.     They  coidd  lay  taxes  by  trea- 
ty, raise  troops    by  treaty,  in   short,  exercise  tiie 
■whole  legislative  authority  of  the  country  by  treaty. 
What  then  became  of  tlie  distinction  that  has   been 
taken  between  treaties  self-executory  and    treaties 
wliich  require  laws  to  carry  them  into    execution? 
One  or  the  other  ground  must  be  abandoned.     Ei- 
ther treaties  operate  as  laws  upon  all  objects  purely 
municipal   and  intra-territorial,    or  upon  none,     if 
upon  all,  every  treaty   is  self  executory.     If  upon 
none,  then  every  treaty  operating  upon  such  objects 
i-equ  ires  a  law  to  give  it  effect.     But  no  object  can 
be  more  completely  municipal  and   intra-territorial, 
than  the  objects  of  this  treaty.     What  can   be  more 
entirely  an  object  of  municipal  regulaUon  than  the 
imposition  of  duties?     Wliat  more  com]detely  intra- 
territorial  than  the  execution  of  those  duties  in  our 
own  ports?     Surely  then  a  law  is  necessary. 

In  support  of  the  position  that  a  treaty  is  a  law 
of  the  land,  and  a  supreme  law,  an  article  of  the 
Constitution  had  been  quoted  and  some  stiess  laid 
upon  the  argument.  Ir'tliat  article  is  accurately  ex- 
amined, it  would  be  found  to  rei'eronly  to  the  states 
••The  judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby, 
any  thing  in  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  state 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding."  If  the  framers  of 
the  constitution  had  intended  that  a  ti-eaty  .should 
control  acts  of  congress,  would  they  not  have  added 
•'any  thing  contained  in  tlie  act  of  congress  to  the 
•ontrary  notwithstanding?"  Could  any  thing  be 
more  obvious?  But  it  has  been  said,  also  that  a 
treaty  could  repeal  a  law,  and  the  treaty  of  peace 
Was  triumphantly  appealed  to  as  evidence  of  the 
fact.  It  is  asked,  did  not  tlie  treaty  of  peace  repeal 
the  law  declai-ing  war?  Mr.  W.  answered,  if  it  did, 
ptill  it  would  not  aft'ect  hisp  -sition,  whiclruas  that 
-  Jtto  treaty  could  repeal  any  regulation,  merely  muni- 
cipal. Was  wai*  a  mere  municipal  regulation?  Ac 
cording  to  what  law  is  it  to  be  declared  and  waged? 
38y  what  law  is  it  regulated?  Certainly  the  law  o 
aations     Can  any  obj  ect  be  merdy  Hvucicipal  vrimfih 


is  regulated  entirely  by  the  law  of  nations?  Certajrj* 
ly  not.     I'liere  were  writers  on  national  kuvs,  whose 
works  were  confined  to  a  consiileration  of  the  riglits 
of  war  and  peace.     Mr   W.  ad.nitted,  that  raising 
troops  and  money  to  v/age  war,  were  mere  municipal 
i-cgulations,  but  raising  troops  was  not  wagijig  w:.r. 
It  was  true,  also,  that  war  mav  be  either  extra  or  intra 
territorial.     Still  he  vv'ould  enquire  by  w!iat  l.iw  was 
it  resfulated?     Was  it  an  internaional  or  municipal 
object?     But  he  did  not  by  any  means   admit,  that 
the  treaty  of  peace  repealed  the  law  decl.iring  war. 
He  held  that  a  law  could  be  repealed  only  bv  a  liw. 
He  said  that  the  law  declaring  war  exriired   bv  its 
own    limitation,  as  soon  as   peace  v.as  concluded. 
What  was  the  meanl-.igof  the  law  declaiing  wari*  He 
spoke  not  of  its  words,  but  its  efi ects.     Simply,  this: 
"war  is  hereby  declared  against  Great  Britain,   and 
shall  be  waged  and  continue  uiiiil  peace  is  made." 
Would  it  admit   any   other   meaning?     But   if,    as 
gentlemen  suppose,  the  treaty  of  peace  operated  by 
repealing  the  act  declaring  war,  then  noth.ng  more 
was  necessary  than  to  repeal  that  act,  in  order  to  be 
at  peace     He  once,  indeed,  had  iieard  a  great  pcce 
advocate,  jocularly  maintain   this  opinion.     B-dt  he 
imagined  it  would  not  be  gravely  asserted,     TV  >;  un- 
doubtedly, would  be  the  reply;  for  the  consent  of  a 
foreign  nation  would  be  wanting.     Well  then,   Mr. 
W.  added,  he  could  say,   even  with  the  conient  of 
that  foreign  nation,  a  repeal  of  the  law  declaring  war, 
would  not  make   peace,  because  that  would  be  to 
transfer  the  power  of  making  peace  from  t!ie  presi- 
dent and  two-thirds  of  the  senate,  to  the  president 
and  a  bare  majority  of  both  houses.  If  then,  repeal- 
ing the  law  declaring  war,  even  witii  the  consent  of 
the  foreign  nation  to  make  peace,  would  not  have 
placed  us  in  a  state  of  peace.     How  could  it  be  said, 
that  the  treaty  of  peace  operated   by  repealing  the 
act  declaring  war? 

Mr.  W.  said,  there  was  one  view  taken  of  this 
subject  by  the  gentleman  from  Virginia,  (Mr.  Tuck- 
er;) he  would  call  him  his  friend,  if  their  intimacy 
admitted  the  expression,  fbr  he  shotild  tlii  ik  him- 
self honored  by  the  friendsiilp  of  the  g-entlemani 
which  he  would  attempt  to  enlarg:e. 

If  a  duty  might  be  repealed  by  treaty,  the  whols 
of  our  duties  might  be  so  repealed.  The  commis- 
sioners who  made  this  treaty,  had  their  instructions 
admitted,  might  have  stipulated  that  all  American 
vessels  and  goods  should  be  duty  free  in  EngLuid; 
all  English  vessels;  and  goods  duty  free  in  the  Uiiiej 
States.  Here  would  have  been  twelve  or  tnirteerj 
millions  of  your  revenue  swept  away  at  once;  and  att 
that  reventie  is  pledged,  you  would  have  been  com- 
pelled to  provide  other  funds  for  the  payment  of  the 
public  creditor. 

Having  answered  sevenU,  Mr.  W  said,  he  wouU 
in  turn  ask  one  question  of  the  gentlemen  on  the  op- 
posite side?  A  distinction  had  been  taken  bei-ween 
treaties  requiring  an  appropriation  of  money,  ani 
others,  because  tiie  article  in  the  cons  itU'ion  is  res- 
trictive, "no  money  shall  be  drawn  fi-o.m  the  treasury, 
but  inconsequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law." 
Whenever  money  was  wanted,  therefore  it  seemed 
to  be  conceded  a  law  must  be  passed — whereas  the 
article  relating  to  commerce  being  merely  permir- 
sive  no  law  was  tliought  necessary.  Now  the  pow« 
er  to  regulate  commerce,  and  to  make  war,  were 
given  to  congress,  in  the  same  rbrmof  words.  Con- 
gress shall  have  power  to  regulate  commerce;  con- 
gress shall  have  power  to  declare  war.  Their  pow« 
ers  over  these  objects  must  be.  co-extensive,  tis 
Would  ask' if  the  president  and  senate,  under  th# 
^•eneral  treaty  makin|^  power,  were  authorized  to 
'enter  into  titr««ty«jf  »iliaji;.e,  ufFassiyc  and  iief»»i/jji 


^ 


SUPPLKMKNT  TO  NILKS'  REGTSTICR-^TREATY  QUESTION, 


■\vltli  n  forcig'ii  nation,  actvifllly  en«!^trcxl  in  wnri'     If 
tlrev  were  tl;<Ti  .-ill  tl'.e  mi^st  es>-eiiVial  powers  of  the  ' 
jTD\'eri\iT\ent  bolonf(^cilto  ihein;  they  could  in:.ke  way 
L.  tiviity;  iht-y   could  ii;ake  peace    by   treut) ;  they  i 
t;ouid  iMiMe  »ihI    keep     iij)   troops    l)y    li'e;i\v;  tliey 
cnuid  hiy   and  coilict  tuxcs   by  tre:ity,  ;ind  repeul  j 
theni  by  treui;, ;  pi-ovidetiir  c;illi>iEr  ou'    the  niiiitin 
h\  tienlv;  ar.tl  when    i!,-ei.tienieii  piided  themselves 
in  theche-fk  thuttne\  could  no'-  iippropri-i'e  money 
bv  tieatx,  tl'.C}-   iiad  forp-onen  th^t  thev    could   bor- 
ivw  money  on  the  credit  of  the    United  Si./es,  b\ 

lorliis  own  part,  Mr.  "\V.  did  not  think  they 
Could  do  anv  oftiiose  thin;4-s,  and  lie  should  be  snr- 
Ty  if  thty  could;  and  he  did  noi  tiiink  so  because  lie 
Kolieved  iie  sound,  tlie  true,  the  sale  and  honesi 
interpre'.i'.if.n  ot  ihe  consiitucion  to  be,  that  wl-at- 
e^e  any  Li  ;ncl\  of  the  government  couh!  init  consti- 
lutionaU)  do  dii  ecUy,  it  could  not  do  indirecii}  ;  ■<'.ih\ 
as  tliepiesident  and  senate  could  not  make  war  di- 
redlv,  or  regulate  commerce  directly;  ihey  could 
notniake  ".;r  bv  treaty,  nor  re:.ulate  commerce  (so 
far  as  it  was  municipal  and  intra  territorial)  b\ 
treaty. 

The  power  of  congress  to  regulate  commerce,  liad 
been  c:dled  a  residuary  power,  a  power  to  regnihite 
such  parts  of  commerce  as  have  not  been  regulu'ed 
by  treaty.  He  had  no  objection  to  the  term  rcsi 
d'uary  power.  He  would  admit  it  to  be  a  residuary 
];o\\  er,  but  lie  said  it  was  a  power  to  regulate  sucii 
■parts  of  commerce  as  coald  not  be  cfieciually  regu- 
lated hv  u-eat  v.  Such  parts  as  require  otlier  sanc- 
tions than  those  of  the  law  ot  nations  to  enforce  them. 
The  president  and  senate,  Mt.  W.  said  had  power 
To  legulate  con.uierce  by  treaty,  so  far  as  it  was  jjurc- 
Iv  international  and  extraterritorial.  Congre-s  had 
power  to  regulate  conimerce  by  law,  so  far  as  it  was 
purely  mtmicipal  and  intra  territorial. 

The  president  ami  senate  could  not  lay  or  repeal 
•dutie-j  b\  ireaiy.  Congre-s  coidd  not  extend  or  lim- 
^t  tlie  right  of  se:u'cli,  or  tlie  dttiniiion  ot  blockade, 
or  contraband,  b\  law.     Thus   each  li^d   ivs    propei' 

■  objects,  iind  ovei  these  objects  the  authority  of  each 
was,  complete. 

But  the  treaty  mtkiug  power  necessarily  includes 
tlie  pp^'-er  oi  pledging  the  national  faith  qualifiedly, 
tliut  certain  acts  shah  be  done,  which  its  own  au- 
thority is  not  of  itstli  competent  to  do.  If  it  does  .so 
pledge  the  national  failh,  tor  ilie  performance  ot 
Such  acts,  then  it  was  for  that  power  who.-^e  aid  iz 
required  to  effect  them,  to  say  )iowfari(  will  redeem 
tlic  plc<lge.  The  loim  oi  the  s'.ipuh.tion,  Mr.  \V. 
contended,  makes  no  difference.  Foreign  nations 
treat  wiUi  us  with  a  knowledgeof  our  constiuiion, 
and  the  stipulations  of  a  treaty  are  understood  wi  h 
reference  to  consliuivional  powers.  Tlie  pledge 
l^iven  by  a  treaty  is  undersiood  to  be  a  pledge  to  do 
all  wiiich  the  treaty m akin p  power  can,  of  iiself  per- 
foini,  and  to£:.use  to  he  d.one,  ii"  pojtiblc,  by  the 
oiher  departments  of  the  govei  nnieiit,  whaiever  its 
own  pow  t-r  is  not  competent  to  do. 

A  treaty,  o  be  sure,  ii..d  been  said  to  repeal  a  law, 
and,  'tliercibre,  it  would  be  s.  id  that  the  treatv-ma- 
kingpowei  iu-.s  in  this  instiuicestipulaicd  tor  noth- 
ing more  i.an  it  ^vas  competent  of  itself  to  perform. 
If  a  treaty  could  repeal  one  law,  it  can  repeal  anotlier; 
if  it  could  repeal  some  it  can  repeal  all;  tor  he  called 
wpon  gentlemen  to  recollect  what  was  so cleaiiy  and 
Jlbrcibly  demonstrated  by  the  gentlem;ui  from  Soutii 

■  Ciioliuu  (Mr.  I^wiides)  that  the  restrictions  con- 
tahied  in  tlie  constitution,  were  reslriciions   on   the 

^  power  of  congreSj,  not  restrictions  on  the  treaty-ma- 
king power.  ■ 

Ho  would  Kdd  nvtiiin^  ftirtitq-.    If,^  hatl  pr9tmst4 


not  to  tire  the  house,  and  \et   he  had   only  lino 
out  hints  rather  thi'.n  ^.rt.'-uincuts.     He  was  afraid  iliat. 
promii-e  was  already  broken. 

Mr.  Shf'ffcy,  sai<l,  lie  was  persuaded  that  the  house 
wasrlready  tati.gucd  v.i'h  liie  protracted  discus^i  -.ii 
f-iiich  tills  suhjtc:  \v.x\  \:n(!er;  one.  He  should,  therc- 
f  ire,  in  .-k-ruering-  Ids  'sentiments,  be  .^s  one.  as  vvm-S 
in  his  power.  It  ^v;^s  most  unquestionahl  true,  ^  * 
had  been  staled,  tlt.-it  tiie  inquiry  winch  it  behoved 
the  house  to  make,  was  not  what  ought  to  be  she 
proper  distinction  of  vhe  powers  of  the  constitutioi  , 
hut  wh:a  they  realh.  are.  IT  thecomprehensive  r.nd. 
.dmost  unlimited  power  con  ended  tor,  \v;is  exciu- 
-ivcly  vested  in  the  president  and  senate,  it  becciue 
tlie  duty  of  the  house,  in  obedience  to  the  supreme 
will,  to  ielda  re;idy  acc[uiesce:ice.  But  he  tliought 
it  not  un;  ei.sonabietoconieiid,  that  unless  that  po\>. 
er  was  c'e,!rl\  granted,  and  in  terms  wiiolly  unefjuiv. 
oca),  a  dirt'eren  course  ought  to  iieadopicd.  If  tfiere 
was  a  rational  doubt,  or  an  apparent  conHipt  in  the 
different  p.irts  of  the  cons  itiilion,  as  it  respects  t'"i 
subject  before  the  house,  t'ii,u  construction  ought  to 
lie  given  which  best  compoits  witii  Uie  spirit  and 
genius  of  the  government,  liiul  preserves  the  sah.itnry 
checks  which  have  been  provided  against  tlie  ;.busc; 
ol'  i)ower. 

The  leading  features  of  this  constitution,  siid  'M  , 
S.  are  strong Iv  ;mddisti,!ctli  markeil.  Itspiii.cipal 
ciiaractei'istics  consist  in  a  dis'rii)uiion  of  i's  jjow- 
ers  to  different  departments,  and  in  such  an  organi- 
zation of  each  as  >  ends  to  check  abuses.  The  le_is'- 
lative,  executive  and  judicial  powers  are  confided 
to  different  public  agents,  who,  in  the  exerci.->e  of 
their  lespeclive  functions,  act ^  ,is  checks  upon  each 
other.  The  le;;islaave  j^ower  is  so  organi/.td  as  to 
aiford  great  security  ;ti:iain;;i  the  adoption  or  iniprc»pj 
crmeasures.  In  the  oidi  i.iry  course  ot  legislation, 
no  act  is  binding  on  the  nation, until  it  has  received 
tlie  assent  of  a  majority  oi  tne  representatives  of  tiie 
people,  and  of  the  states — and,  likewise,  the  assent 
of  the  ])resi(.leiit,  the  rcpresemativeof  Ixitii  Siireiy 
dien  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  contend  (in  the  ab- 
sence 01  any  posiiive  provision)  that  a  treaty,  made 
by  the  president  and  senate,  cmhr.icirig  tlio  saiKc 
subjects,  confided  to  the  legislature  in  dis  inct 
terms,  ought  not  to  have  t!ie  force  of  a  law,  wiiich 
has  received  the  approbation  oi  all  the  constituent 
brandies  of  tlie  legislative  power. 

B«iore  he  proceeded  further,  .Mr.  S.  said,  he  wish- 
ed to  be  distincdy  u'lderstood.  He  did  not  mean  to 
contend  that  the  house  of  representatives  had  any  a- 
gency  in  making  treaties,  or  that  a  direct  vote  of 
m.itica  ion  was  necessary  or  jiroper;  but  he  mc.int  lo 
contend  that  atreary  did  not  oper.tcasan  absolule 
repeal  of  an  existing  law,  in  conflict  widi  i';  and  tiiat 
wiien  it  contained  attirinitivc  stipulation.s,  in  relation 
to  subjects  expressly  confided  io  congress,  a  law 
WHS  necessary  to  give  it  effect.  Tliis  construction 
will  make  every  part  ol  the  constituiion  consistent 
with  its  own  principles  and  with  the  spirit  which 
pervades  the  whole. 

In  the  distribution  of  its  powers,  the  constitution 
has  expressly  provided  that  all  legislative  power 
dierein  granted,  shall  be  vested  in  tiie  congress  of 
the  United  States.  In  a  subsequeni  pari,  tlie  ob- 
jects to  which  it  sh:dl  ex  end,  are  specially  enume- 
rated: No  concurrent  special  auttiority ,  in  rel..ti<)n  to 
these  objects,  is  granted  lo  any  otner  department  of 
the  governmeir.  But  a  genei-al  power  is  given  i«» 
the  ['resident  and  senate  to  make  tre^ities,  wtiicli  I 
admit  means  all  treaties  usual ly  among  nations  The^ 
question  then  is — does  this  general  power  to  mak» 
Irea  ies,  so  far  as  it  is  exercised,  opeia'i.e  lo  liie  ..ler 
d^ttrnoUvn  •!  tlic  tpeciaipvtrei'  «l  le^i^liiti9l>;  vz* 


BI'FPLEMRNT  TO  NILES'  REGISTSR^TIIEATY  Qini:S'riON. 


H 


''}•.?]]  i)o<.h  hwetlioir  effect^  Among'  the  rules  which,  Iv  rnunicipal,  d'ul  not  re->¥n}  those  l<iws.  T-i  ord  r, 
i.,e  iuiopicd,  ill  the  constriictioh  of  instriu-iirUs,  none  j  then,  that  tliese  colli  iioiis  mijrht  he  prevented,  ;iiid 
h'.'cnis  to  bebetier  settled,  thun  thut  "-ener.d  powers  |.n  d'le  siibordinittion  socnred  to  the  .vithoritv  confi- 
r.  uinor  dc:itroy  those  specially  srranted;  but  that  Ided  to  the  United  Si  Ues,  it  became  iiiispensahie  to 
\\  hen  there  is  a  conflict,  the  former  must  yield  to  (declure  it  supreme  in  relation  to  tiie  states.  Hence 
t:ie  latter:  :m<l  a  rule  eqii;dly  correct  is,  tliat  every  lit  has  provided,  that  the  constitutioi?,  laws  and  treu- 
f.a.  I  ©ran  in^itrimx-nt  shtdl  haveits  diieefTecr,  ifjios-  ties,  "slioidd  be  tiie  supreme   law  of  the   land,  any 


fiiMe.     Can  i;  then  be  correctly  contended,  thnt  the 

poorer  to  make  treaties,  conferred  in  g-enend  terms, 

fmnihilates  (so far  as  tlie  provisions  ot;  a  treaty   e?:- 

tend)  the  power  to  make  Inws,  special  Ivg-ranted?   Is 

ii  iiOl  more  correct  to    ydopt  a  conslnicUon  whic!) 

will  eqtiuUy  pre.soi-ve  thejH)werto   !i.;.ke    treaties, 

and  Uie  power  to  make  Kiws,  which  will  g-ive  to  the 

president  tuid  senate  the  exclusive  authority  to  make 

all  treaties;  and  leave  to  the  house  of  representatives 

a  concnrretiT  power  in  the  execution  of  such,  as  cm- 

b'-;ice  sul)jfc's  crprc-slvirr;ui-cd  by  the  couttituvion 

to  conirresv,     A  vel•^■   extt-nsive  field  for  the  opera 

tion  otlhetreaty-mrki!>!^ power  will  still  exist.  Eve- 
ry treai^  o=  peace,  of  limi  s — all  treaties  rei^ndatiiif 

ti\econduct  of  t^he  contraciing-  nations,  wiien    eitlier 

«hall  bo  at   Wiir — dcsin-natiiij:^  what    sbrdl    be  contra- 

liaiid.  or  what  shall  be  a  lef;;' .1  blockade — rei^id:.tint; 
.  Vie  rii^i.tof  KOarch,  and  man\-  t)thei-s  will  fall  witliin 
•  i  5  e.\chisive  j.url-diclion;  and  as  it   respects   those 

tjeatiea,  enjbraeint,'- te»isl.aive  objects,  it  will  pos- 

se.-{ij1i»e  ri.^hi  U)  ;jr,-n  them,  ii  thefirst  instritice;  and 

also  a  concurrent  voit^e  in  their  execution. 

A  consideration  of  tht- com|)aruive  cliaracter    of  j-'^<^-idily  in  view,  the  distribution   of  power  and  the 

the    le.^i-lalive    and    1reuTy.^ni:.kinrv    powers    tends  j  phrases  emplo\  ed  surTicieutiy  attest)   can  it  be  sup- 

Btronarly  to  support  this  cons;truc{ ion,    and  to  prove,  P'wed  that  the  franiers   of  the  constitution,  if  thev 


thing'  in  die  co  tstitntion  o--  laws  of  anv  state  to  the- 
contrar>-  tio' withstanding-." 

That  the  constitutijii  did  not  intend  to  declare 
wh.it  should  b.°  the  eH'ect  of  treaties,  in  rtelation  to- 
the  laws  of  the  United  States;  that  it  did  not  intend, 
to  elevate  an  executive  act  so  as  to  make  it  e-[u  tl, 
or  superior,  to  an  act  of  the  sove.-eit^i  or  let^islative 
nower,  but  leave  it  po'^sessed  of  its  n^itural  charitc- 
ter,  is  susceptible  of  otiier  illustrations.  In  the  Eu- 
ropean stales,  where  the  whole  power  of  the  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  sinu-le  individual  or  in  a  sinarle? 
body  of  men,  treaties  are  equal  to  laws,  becatise 
they  contain  a  manifestation  of  the  will  of  the  whole 
sovereig-n  power  in  wiiicli  laws  themselves  consist. 
fn  the  government  of  Great  Britain,  however,  where 
die  treat v-makinp-  power  and  the  legislative  power 
..re  lodged  in  different  hands,  (  did  in  that  respect  is 
like  our  own,)  a  treatv,  embr.'ciiig- legislative  sub- 
iects,  is  not  eq-tal  to  an  act  of  parliament;  but  de- 
pend.s,  .so  far  as  those  subjects  are  concerned,  foi* 
its  execution  on  the  legislature.  With  the  British 
constitution  before  their  eves  (and  that  ihev  had  it 


in  a  manner  perfectly  s:itisfactory  to  mvself,  that  the 
Lifer  is  not  .supeiior,  not  equal,  to  the  former  That 
which  is  callwl  sovereign  power  in  every  g'overnmen' , 
is  the  power  to  nK.ke  laws.  In  Oreat  Briiain  it  i.- 
c-iotiied  with  the  ch'iracicr  of  omnipotence,  because, 
a;  to  the  objects  wiiic-h  it  embraces,  i;  is  superior  to 
nny  other  human  power,  and  annul*  all  that  come  in 
collision  with  it.  TIte  exocirive  andjudicl'l  po".'ers 
are  under  its  conU'ol,  and  suhject  to  its  direction. 
In  '.iiis  government  the  i)ower  of  leg-islatioii  is  cin- 
f';'.rd  to  rcrtt.in  ohjcois,  bu;,  as  it  rcpects  tlio-eob- 
j^c's,  iis  .sovereignty  js  oinpleie,  unless  restricted 
I)'.- tiie  s;)ii'it  or  iet'cr  of  the  cnnstituiion.  Jfcnce  I 
C'lr.'ond,  !h:it  as  'o  all  Icgis'lalive  subieci.s,  die  sov. 
fiit'ui".  (»•  supi-cn.e  jmwer  h.^;;  been  c().i<';  h;'i  to  con- 
f;re,.s,  an-d  tltat  t!ie  Ircaty-makiiig  p(/.ver,  (beiig  an 
cxecuiive power)  so  far  as  it  nets  on  those  subjects, 
is  i'lV-i-ioi-  and  subordinate  to  it. 

j^it  it  is  said,  ti-.at  a  treaty,  though  the  art  oPthe 
e.xfculive  department,  is  elevated  to  an  equality,  if 
not  supeiioriry,  witii  an  act  of  congress,  liv  an' ex- 
press provision  of  the  conr.titution,  in  winch  it  i,s 
dcclareil  th^t  the  "constitution  and  lav.-s  made  in 
piu'suance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  iiereaf- 
ter  to  be  made,  .shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 
land."  Let  us  examine  this  subject.  Let  us  look 
iiito  the  existing  st;i*cof  things  v.hen  this  constitu- 
tion was  framed.     The  state  sovereignties  then  ex- 


intended  to  give  to  treaties  the  extraordinary  effecl. 
no tv  contended  for,  woidd  not  have  declared  so  in. 
express  terms.''  I  sav  extriordin'trv  eH-Vci,  because 
in  the  only  government  similir,  as.  i'  respects  this 
question,  to  our  own,  'treaties  embracing  legLslative 
subjects,  are  not  eqiid  to  laws.  In  the  clause  whicij 
ileclare.s  the  constitution,  laws  made  in  pursuance 
ti'.ere<if,  r.nd  treaties  male  under  'die  authority  of  the- 
U'liied  Sta-.es,  the  re!.;tive  cliaracter  of  each  is  not 
ilcsiy-iiated;  and  iv  may  be  as  reRdllv  contended,  that 
treaties  are  equal  to  the  constitution,  as  that  they 
:u*e  equal  to  l.nvs  If  they  are  eqa.d  to  the  consti"- 
iiitioi:;  tiicn, according  to  tl'e  doctrine  on  the  otlier 
side,  being  last  in  point  of  tinie,  t  iie>-  must  repeal 
.••lid  supe-cede  wlia.ever  f,ome.->  'v.  conflict  with  it  ^: 
[:i  relntion  to  tveaiies,  it  is  noi  even  declired  that, 
in  order  to  becouiC  t lie  supreme  (■■.'.',  they  s'lall  b'.-. 
made  '"in  piu'suance  :o  tiie  constitution."  This,  to 
iny  mind,  proves  satisfactorily,  that  the  clause  in 
question  did  not  intend  to  fix  the  relative  quality  of 
the  constitu'ion,  laws  .nid  treatie-;  i)uT  to  leave  it  to 
llint  construction  which  the  nature  of  tliose  ac's 
and  the  character  of  the  government  would  rcidih, 
suggest. 

Permit  me  now  to  examine  the  extent  to  whicli. 

the  doctrines  .idvanced  on  the  other  side  would  \e:'.<\ 

us.  It  has  been  said  that  the  cases  which  have  been 

suggested  in  argument  to  shew  tiie  vast,  and  almost 

isted,  and  were  to  be  ])reserved  to  a  certain  extent,   "n'dmited  iiower  onferred  on  the  president  and  se- 


The  powers  of  the  general  government,  in  their  ope- 
ration, must  frequently  and  necessarily  act  on  the 
same  subjects  over  which  the  states  retained  some 

ly 


nate  by  the  construct  ion  contended  for  in  oppositi  >rt 
to  tlie  bill,  are  extreme,  and  ougiit  therefore  to  bn 
rejected.     But  to  me  it  appears  obvious,  that  to  tefit 


authority,  and  cun.'^.equcntly  produce  collision.  As  1'^"^  cori'ectness  of  any  principle,  you  ought  to  lool; 
it  respected  treaties,  there  was  anotiier  considera-  i  ^*'  ''"^  consequences  to  which  it  will  lead.  One  hf>- 
tion,  which  made  it  higidy  necessary  that  their  j-cda- ' ""''"'^'^  member  (Mi'.  Calhoun)  lias  contended,  tha* 
tive  character  sliould  be  establislied.  It  is  well  I  ^'"*-'''^^'*^"' ^'"^  ^'^'P^i'*°^' '"  •'*'^*  "^congress,  and  another^ 
known  that  mucli  discussion  h.td  taken  place,  and  a  K-^*'''  Pi'iknev)  that  tliey  are  equal;  though  there  is 
Variety  of  sentiments    entertained  .as    to  the  force '^^'*^^'"^"<^^  "' ^1^*^  force  of  these  opinions,  in  sub- 


and  effect  of  the  treaty  of  peace  of  178."?.  It  was 
contended,  (.and  I  think  some  of  the  states  so  con- 
pu-ued  i»^  that  the  stipulations  contained  in  that 
treaty,  cjnflicting^  vrith  tlielaws  o;"lhc6t,»tcs,  mere 


stance  they  are  the  same.  They  amoimt  to  thi.'?,  that^ 
a  treaty  repeals  all  laws  opposed  to  it,  and  that  it 
executes  itself.  The  latter  gentleman  has  indceti. 
tiJ'iulted,  thut  it  umy  sometimes  be  nec<isaar3(  v» 


5n> 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— TREATY  (gUESTIO^T. 


pass  a  law  to  execute  a  treat}',  but  not  because  there 
is  a  defec:  of  power  on  the  part  of  those  who  make 
the  irejity,  but  because  its  stipulations  may  not  be 
siifF.cieiuly  cUrmiie.  These  opinions  tend  to  the 
utter  subversion  oi  the  legisla  ive  power,  at  least  so 
far  as  it  is  \esied  in  this  house.  Let  us  see  their 
tendency.  Tiie  constitution  has  confided  in  congress 
the  power  to  re;,uhite  commerce  with  foreign  na- 
tions. On  tliis  subject,  so  highly  interesting  to  the 
people,  their  representatives  are  invested  with  tlic 
right  to  judge  and  determine  what  particular  regu- 
lations are  most  c(Miducive  to  their  prosperity.  But 
the  opi;. ions  stated  on  tlds  floor,  anthorise  tlie  inter 
P'  >.i.'um  of  the  president  and  senate  at  any  time  to 
Bnpercede  this  right,  partially  or  enirely,  at  tlieir 
discre  ion — partially,  by  making  treaties  of  com- 
jue)  ce  witli  some  nations;  entirely,  by  making  trea- 
ties with  all  wlio  have  any  commercial  intercourse 
with  us. 

According  to  tlie  Iionorable  member  from  Mary- 
land (Mr.  I'inkney)  if  this  house  should  refuse  to 
r;.i:.e  a  large  military  force  required  by  tlie  presi 
dent,  he  may  accomplish  his  object  by  negociating  a 
tieaty  with  some  foreign  power,  in  which  tlie  rai- 
sing of  such  a  force  shall  be  made  a  stipulation.  It 
is  only  necessary  to  make  tiie  treaty  sufTiciently  de- 
fini'ie;  to  stipulate  the  number  of  regiments,  the 
nnmher  of  cotnjjanies  in  each,  and  the  number  and 
quality  of  the  officers  to  be  employed,  and  tlie 
ibrce,  with  the  consent  of  two-thirds  of  the  senate, 
■will  be  immediately  raised,-  the  treaty  will  execUiC 
itself  Sdould  money  be  wanting-  to  accomplish  the 
object,  it  may  be  obtained  in  the  same  way  by  treaty, 
a  t  .ing  not  unusual  among  other  nations. 

Let  me  pursue  the  subjed.  The  constitution  has 
granted  to  congress  the  power  to  declare  war.  In 
the  exercise  of  a  power  in  which  every  thing  dear 
to  the  people  is  involved,  which  causes  their  blood 
to  flow  and  'heir  iiard  earnings  to  be  wrested  from 
them,  the  co-operation  of  tlie  representatives  was 
■wisely  required.  But  a  treaty  may  make  war  with- 
out their  Consent,  if  we  .admit  the  construction  con- 
tended for.  A  treaty  wi  li  a  foreign  power  may  sti- 
pulate that  we  shall  make  common  cause  with  her 
ao'ainst  tier  enem\ ;  the  public  force  will  be  employed 
accordingly  and  tlie  coimtry  thus  brought  into  an  ac- 
tiud  state  of  war.  The  same  construction  will  au- 
thorise the  |n-esident  and  senate  to  lay  and  collect 
taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises.  Many  cases 
might  be  supposed  illustrativeof  this  position.  I  will 
beg  leave  to  state  one  only.  Suppose,  in  the  treaty 
of  commerce  with  Great  Britain,  it  had  been  stipu- 
lated ihat  rJritisli  cottons,  and  woollens,  should  pav 
a  du'y  of  ten  or  fifteen  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  in  the 
ports  of  the  U  ited  States,  and  that  French  goods 
of  a  similar  descrip; ion  should  piy  forty,  fifty,  or 
sixty  per  cent.  Here  it  is  most  obvious  that  the 
dutjMvhicli  tlie  people  of  the  United  States  would 
pay  above  the  ordinary  duty  imposed  by  law,  would 
be  levied  oiT  them  without  the  consent  of  their  re- 
presenta  ives,  though  the  constitution  expressly  pro- 
vides, not  only  that  their  assent  shall  be  necessary, 
but  that  all  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate 
with  them. 

Congress  are  authorised  by  the  constitution  to 
establish  an  uniform  rule  of  naturalizaiion.  In  pur- 
suance of  which  they  have  passed  laws  for  the  pur- 
pose of  admitting  foreigners  to  the  rights  of  citi- 
zens, on  cerain  conditions;  among  other  things,  a 
residence  of  five  years  is  required.  But  if  a  treaty 
is  equal  or  superior  to  an  act  of  congress,  a  whole 
foreign  nation  may  be  naturalized  by  treaty. 

The  constitution  has  committed  to  congress  the 
^■jty  of  (icfendin^  the  country  against  foreig-n  and 


domestic  violence,  and  for  that  purpose  lias  give/i 
them  power  ".o  raise  and  support  armie.;,  and  to 
jn-ovide  and  maintain  a  navy."  Suppose  a  tre.itv 
should  be  made  with  a  foreign  nation,  in  wlilcii  it 
should  be  stipulated,  that  our  army  should  be  dis- 
banded, and  our  navy  dismantled,  and  that  no  otliei' 
similar  force  should  be  substituted;  wotildthe  treaty 
disband  the  army  and  dismantle  the  navy  witiioiit 
any  legislative  provision?  If  so,  then  the  president 
and  sena'e  have  the  entire  control  of  the  puhlic  de- 
fence, and  may  lay  wholly  prostrate  a  most  import- 
ant power  belonging  to  this  house. 

The  construction  contended  for,  will  authorise^ 
the  president  and  senate  to  incorporate  a  foreign  ter- 
ritoi-y  as  a  member  of  this  union.  By  the  constitu- 
tion, congre-,s  are  empowered  to  admit  new  states; 
but  if  a  treaty  supersedes  legislation,  then  it  most 
unquestionably  follows,  that  by  a  compact  with  a  fo* 
reign  nation,  foreign  terri  ory  may  be  ceded  and  ad- 
mitted into  the  union,  invested  with  all  the  privile- 
ges of  a  state. 

Fiom  a  candid  and  serious  consideration  of  the 
extent  to  wiiich  we  should  be  led  by  the  high-toned 
doctrines  which  have  been  advanced,  I  cannot  for  a 
moment  admit  their  correctness.  Can  it  be  possihle 
that  it  could  ever  have  been  in  the  contemplation  of 
those  for  whom  this  government  was  formed,  that 
the  powers  of  their  representatives  slioidd  be  su- 
perseded whenever  it  should  please  the  president 
and  senate  to  dispense  with  themP  Is  it  rational  to 
suppose  that  the  constittition  which  recognizes  the 
sovereignty  of  tlie  pajple  should  intend  that  a  fo- 
reign nation,  nay,  (as  has  been  justly  remarked)  a 
Chickasaw  chief,  might  be  substituted  for  this 
house,  and  as  to  all  the  powers  given  by  the  consti- 
tution, act  in  its  stead.''  I  think  it  far  more  consist- 
ent, more  reasonable  to  insist,  that  all  legislative 
acts  designated  as  such  in  the  constitution,  must  re- 
ceive the  assent  of  all  the  constituent  branches  of 
the  legislature. 

It  has  been  conceded  by  some  gentlemen  in  the 
course  of  this  discussion,  t!iat  an  act  of  congress  is 
necess  ry  to  execute  a  treaty  wiiich  provides  for  the 
crcpendi'ure  of  public  money:  but  that  this  is  the 
only  r:->.<.-p,  T  cati  see  no  re.ison  for  this  distinction;  tiic 
treaty  with  Great  Britain,  now  before  the  house,  sti- 
pulates, that  the  discriminating  duties  as  it  respects 
British  vessels,  shall  be  abolished;  in  consequence 
of  which,  oar  revenue  will  be  considerably  diminish- 
ed. Is  there  any  substantial  difference  between 
drawing  money  from  t!ie  treasury,  and  preventing  an 
cqutd  ai\jiiial  amount  from  coming  into  it.'  If  the 
president  and  senate  can  impose  taxes  and  dtities  on 
tlie  people,  why  not  exercise  a  power  far  hiferior, 
and  apply  their  proceeds  to  such  objects  as  they 
think  proper.'  If  a  treaty  in  every  other  respect  is 
equ.d  at  least  to  an  act  of  congress,  why  not  in  this? 
W  liy  may  not  money  be  appropriated  by  treaty,  wlien, 
according  to  sentiments  of  gentlemen,  it  is  the  law 
of  tiie  land.'  It  h.as  been  said,  that  the  powers  of 
this  house  are  operativeoiii}'  in  ordinary  cases,  where 
no  treaty  provides  for  the  same  object.  With  e|ual  » 
propriety  may  it  be  said,  that  the  clause  of  the  con- 
stitution wiiich  directs  that  "no  money  shall  be 
drawn  from  the  treasury  but  in  consequence  of  ap- 
propriations made  by  law,"  applies  only  to  ordinary 
cases  of  expenditure,  and  not  when  a  treaty  stipu- 
lates for  the  payment  of  money. 

It  has  been  strongly  lu'ged,  that  because  a  treaty 
of  peace  puts  an  end  to  the  war  without  the  concur- 
rence of  this  house,  it  follows  that  a  treaty  repeals 
an  act  of  congress,  as  the  war  must  have  been  de- 
jclared  bv  that  body.  But  I  do  not  consider  a  decla- 
I  ration  of  wai?  as  a  leg'islativB  act — it  is  not  so  deem««i 


SlTPLliMEXT 


S'  REGISTER— TREA'JT  QUESTIONt 


^S 


in  (IrciA  Ri-it:iin;  nrrl  there  is  nothings  In  its  nature 
V.  icli  tfives  it  lli:it  ch;ii-;ic!cr.  Anioiig'  ( iviiizeil  n.i- 
tious,  it  has  lor.p:  been  ii.siial,  as  well  to  apprir.e  the 
adversary  ni.tion  tlr.it  in  future  s!ie  will  be  treated 
as  an  enemy,  ;!s  lo  mani'Vmt  a  direct  respect  for  tlie 
ippiuions  orinarkind,  tn  state  i:i  a  public  manifeste 
the  rc-.-.sons  whic'i  liad  provoked  a  resort  to  arms.  In 
Biiits-.i..n  (iftlsix  ])r-icvioe,  tlie  constimtjon  has  au- 
ttiorised  coinrvcss  to  declare  war;  but  tlie  effect  of  a 
dL'c'.araiiou  oT  wav  is  nothing  more  than  that  those 
who  have  I  (  diiedion  of  tlie  public  force  become 
a-'.MiOT-ised  to  emplov  it  apainst  the  declared  enemy. 
Il  est  ibiishes  no  new  law.  Durinsi;'  the  continuance 
«i  the  'var,  the  public  lav/  of  nations  must  re?;-nlate 
tl.e  coiiduct  arid  tlicvisrhts  of  the  parties.  To  put 
ail  end  'o  <i:ch  a  st  ite  o,"  thinirs,  municipal  letjisla- 
tiop.  is  noi  competent;  it  lan  onlv  be  efTec- ed  b}' 
niM'U  1  conip-  c'  between  (he  con'eiuliitg'  n  i  ions. 

It  will  be  rcadih  perceived,  thai    if  a  decl  irntion 
•  '  v.rr  is  not  fi  le^-isl."'i\  e  ac<,  tlien  it  is  not  subject 
t  be  repe.jed,  as  such  .^cls  oidinarlly  are:  and   the 
Oi  V-  wav  in  w!iich  ;in   end  cm  be   put  to  it    is  that 
^1  e'd\     .•.en'i'ineh     According- to  the  understand- 
intc  ofall,   lo  decl:<i-e   "-.i  i?  a  distinct    substantive 
act;  and  'O  make  pece  is  another.     AVe  never  heard 
»t  pciice   liei'Ky  ni  de  In    annuilinij  a  declaratiun   Oi" 
v.-  r;    hence  I   cnnciude,   that  to  make  peace  is  no' 
iini(i;ig'  tliedelea".'  cd  powers  of  conicress,  either  ex 
pi-e;'?   or  iT-ijiicd;    and   th.at,   therefore,  a   '.reaty  of 
pc.'ce  rieitiiei    repeds  a  leeislaiive  ac-,   nor   inter- 
feie<    wiih    any    of   the  jiou  ers  belonc^Ing"   to    this 
b  ):se 

\n  honorable  member  from  North  Cirolina  (Mr. 
C  .■•'■i'.')  luis  Sc-.id,  that  our  co-opei-a;ion  is  wiiolly  un- 
Ticce-;s  r' ;  that  thenre  ident  will  execute  the  treat\ 
in  qnes  ion,  by  jii\iiuc  instructions  to  tlie  coUecloi's 
ofthc  customs  to  confirm  their  conduc  to  the  sti- 
pul:  lions  of  tie  treaty.  This  appears  to  me  entirely 
erroneous.  The  cillecors  arenot  the  a.srents  of  the 
pie.sident,  bu*  *lie  officers  of  the  law.  Thev  derive 
their  exitence  from  ii,  and  their  diitv  is  prescribed 
b;  it.  T'le'  c.mno;  ;usti'\  tliemselves  in  tlieir  obe- 
dience U)  liie  mere  instruc. ions  of  tlie  president.  It 
must  first  appea?-  that  the  act  of  cons^ress  imposing' 
discrinii-'.r.ti  in;  duties  is  repealed,  before  i\\e\  can 
omit  to  collect  them.  Wher'ner  the  treaty  effects 
thi',  is  the  question  before  tiie  house. 

The  honorable  member  from  Maryland  (Mr. 
Pii:kney)  stated,  the  other  dav,  that  congress  iiave 
not  the  power  to  myke  anv  compact  witii  a  foreign 
g-overnment;  that  if  the  pre-ident  and  senate  }uive 
not  the  exclusive  power  to  bind  the  natio",  in  all  ca- 
ses, by  tre.ity,  then  there  is  no  power  in  this  govern- 
ment to  maketre:  ties  of  commerce  and  otiier  trea- 
ties, embracing  any  of  the  subj  ccts  delegated  to 
congress.  F3ui  it  will  be  observed,  tliat  the  power 
«n  tlie  part  of  the  ])resident  and  senate  to  make  all 
treaties,  is  not  denied;  the  question  is,  after  they  are 
.so  made,  what  is  tiieir  effec?  The  principle  has 
been  very  corrcctl'.anthabl'  stated  by  inv  !\onoral)le 
fi'iendfrom  Viiginia,  (Mr.  Tucker.)  Treaties  em- 
bi'aciiig  sut');i<ict's  no'  confided  to  congress,  depend 
for  tlieir  execution  on  no  otiier  power  than  tliat  which 
made  theni;  as  to  tho.se  treaties  \\'  icii  embrace 
iiiich  subjecis,  their  execution  be!ai;gs  to  tne  legis- 
lature. In  the  one  case  the  sti])tdati(in  is  complete; 
in  tlieother  it  is  onlv  a  pi-omise  that  tiutse  who  liavc 
tiie  power  sh'rdl  make  it  so. 

The  honorable  gentleman,  however,  is  mistaken 
in  his  opinion,  tliat  coiigress  can  enter  into  no  com- 
pact witli  a  fi. reign  nation;  ;.t  Icjist  tliC  practice  of 
th.is  govtrnn.tni  is  ;;g:dnst  hiiTi.  We  all  rccvdicct 
th^  act  (;f  tUe  first  nf  M.iy,  ISlO,  whicli  enabled 
France,  (to  asse  the  language  of  a  gentleman  from 


Tennessee,  formerly  a  member  of  t'li^  hoti.?e)  tn 
twist  a  cord  about  our  necks  wind)  was  first  scorch- 
ed by  tiie  flames  of  Moscow,  and  finally  cut  asun- 
der by  the  hands  of  tlie  allies  at  Leii)sic  and  Water- 
loo. I>y  ~tii;it  act  it  was  stiiKilated,  tiiat  if  Great 
Bri'^ain,  or  France,  should  revoke  their  injvu'ious 
edicts  against  our  commerce,  certain  acts  sliould  bd 
lone  by  this  government.  France  pretended  to 
accept  this  overture  and  a  compact  was  said  to  be 
thtis  formed,  from  the  effect  of  which  we  have  just 
escaj^ed.  I.ast  year  another  law  passed  which  pro- 
vided that  the  discriminating  duties  slioidd  cease  in 
relation  to  all  nations  who  should  adopt  a  like  libe^- 
alitv  towards  our  navigation;  in  consequence  of 
which,  some  of  the  stipulations  in  tiie  present  trea- 
ty with  Great  Britain  were  adopted.  In  these  ca- 
ses the  president  acts  as  the  agent  of  the  law  and 
not  in  virtue  of  his  character  as  superintending  our 
foreign  relations. 

It  has  been  s.iid  that  there  is  greater   security  in 
tl)etreaty-m:iking  power  being  exclusively  exerci- 
sed by  the  ]5resident  and    senate  in  all  cases,  tlian  if 
'he  opitiions  of  those   friendly  to    the   present  bill 
should    be   adopted.       And    the    honorable    gentle- 
man   from     Maryland    entered    into    a    course     of 
'•erisoning     to    sliew    tlie    superior    rcsponsibilitj- 
whicii     attaches     particularly    to     tlie    president, 
c;t1culited     to    secure    a    more     wise    and    more 
correct  exercise   of    tlie  pouer.      'litis    argii;.cnc 
nroves  too   miicli.     It    tends   ti>    establish,  that  all 
the  power  of  this   government   ought  to   be  vested 
in   the  president,  because  of  kis  superior  wisdoni 
and  the  sunerioi-  re-iponsibilitv  of  his  situation.  The 
gentleman  iia.s  said  much  of  theinfluehce  of  public 
oiMnion  on  those  n-ho  stand  in  hlgii  responsible  situa- 
tions, and  has  referred  us  to   Great   Britain  where 
he  says  public  opinion   is  very  powerful.     I  agi-ee 
with    him,  that  what  is   called  piblic  opinion  has 
great   effect  on  the   administration   of  tlie  govern- 
ment   It  is  the  unbiassed  sentimentof  the  sound  and 
sensible  part  of  the  community,  who  liave  not  coai- 
mitted  themselves  to  support  any  set  of  measures 
because  they  have  not  participated  in  the  creation  oi' 
the  public  functionaries,  the  king  and  the  lords  be» 
ing  hereditary,  and    the  commons  elected  by   vei-y 
few.     Rut   in    this  country  there  is  very  little  ex- 
pression of  public  opinion,  distinct  from  that  which 
is  manifested  by  election;  every  person  thinks  him- 
self pledged  in  some  degree  to  support  the  conduct 
of  those  on  whom  he  has  bestowed  liis  suffrage,  and 
tlie  abuses  of  power  must  be  extreme  before  the  cur- 
rent of  public  opinion  will  set  against  those  wiio  are 
at  the  liead  of  a  predominant  party. 

If  the  construction  contended  fir  on  the  other 
side  sliould  receive  tlie  assent  of  tliis  house,  I  hesi- 
tate not  to  say,  that  there  will  be  less  security,  less 
responsibility,  than  in  Great  Bn-itain.  O.i  one  subject 
dure  has  a!wa\s  i)een  great  _jeaiou.sy  tlierc;  1  mean 
the  introduction  of  foreign  ti"oo]:)S.  It  is  a  settled 
maxim  of  tlieir  constitution,  that  tiicycmnot  Ix; 
introduced  witiioui  the  consent  of  parliament;  b;it 
in  ttiis  couniry  thei-e  would  be  no  such  stciuily. 
Siioidd  we  refu.ye  to  gratify  nn  ambitious  president 
who  designed  to  subvert  the  liberties  of  liiis  cmin- 
try  witli  ;i  large  army,  he  may  negociate  with  a  fo- 
reign  power,  and,  widi  the  assent  of  two-tliirds  of 
the  senate,  introduce  foreign  troops.  I  cannot  be- 
lieve that  the  people  ever  did  intend  to  confer  pow  er 
thus  tending  to  jeopardize  those  liberties  for  tho 
p  1  Ci-erviivlon  of  which  this  consliluiiun  wa.s  adopted 


[Tlicrc  arc  several  other  speeches  that  we  wovdd 
vvilliiiglv  have  given  place,  but  t!>e  pi-eceding,  it  i.s 
pies'imed  are  amply  Ki;ffici«nt  to  jive  er«^yposible 


gli  SUFPLEMExXT  TO'  NINES'  REGISTER—TREATY  QUESTIO:< 


bearing  of  tlie  important  subject  to  the  re;.(lcr— the 
followiiipris  added  cliicfly  to  introduce  the  document 
aad  opinion  ot"  JVashing:ov.]  et.  nF.nisiKii. 

The  ayes  and  noes  beinff  about  to  be  called — 

Mr.  llu^er  rose,  he  assured  the  house,  liot  to  take 
a  part  in  the  debate;  nor  to  ofter  any  argument  of  his 
own:  it  v.'oidd  be  unpardonable  in  him  to  do  so,  at 
that  late  hour,  when  the  patience  of  the  house  must 
be  so  nearly  exhausted,  and  the  subject  had  been  dis- 
cussed so  ablv,  so  fully,  and  as  it  appeared  to  him, 
so  unanswerably,  on  tliatside  of  the  question,  vvhic'ii 
he  should  support  bv  his  vote.  Yet,  as  it  had  escaped 
all  those  who  had  preceded  him,  he  could  not  refuse 
to  iiimself  the  gratification,  before  the  yeas  and  nays 
were  taken  of  directing^  the  attention  of  the  house 
to  an  autliority  which  (if  the  arp;aiments  already  ad- 
«iiice<^l  had  not  produced  conviction  on  eveiy  mind) 
could  not  fail  to  decide  the  point  at  issue,  and  under 
the  shadow  of  which  he  slioukl  a1  all  events  be  most 
happy  to  record  his  name.  Gentlemen  themselves,  he 
was  well  satisfied,  would  feel  indebted  to  him,  late 
as  the  hour  was,  for  offering  to  tlieir  consideration, 
f)efore  the  final  vote  was  taken,  the  extracts  he  was 
about  to  read  from  the  book  he  liad  in  his  hand — wiien 
he  informed  them,  that  they  were  from  the  pen  of 
the  immortal  Washington. 

Without  further  preface,  therefore  he  ber^ged 
teave  to  refer  gentlemen  to  the  journals  of  the  4':h 
congress,  page  193 — in  which  they  would  find  record- 
ed, president  Washington's  message  accompanying 
the  treaty  with  Great  Britain,  or  as  it  is  usually  cal- 
led Jay's  treaty  of  94 — 5,  in  the  following  words: 
Gentletnen  of  the  Senate  and  of 

tlie  Home  of  Ilepresent.atives. 

The  treaty  of  amity,  commerce  and  navigati-in,  be- 
ty.cen  the  United  States  of  .\merica  and  His  Britan- 
P-  M^'^A',  ha'  '  l-^'^n  duly  ratified,  and  the  rati- 
fication's having  been  exchanged  at  London  the  23'h 
of  October,  1795,  I  iiave  directed  the  same  to  be 
promuJprated,  and  transmit  a  copv  thereof" for  the  in- 
formation of  congress.  G.  WASHINGTON^, 

Marcli  6th,  1796. 

Sucli  then  u-as  the  mes';age  of  president  W-isbing- 
ton,  wliich  accompanied  the  copy  of  the  treaty  of 
.  '9!-,  5.  transmitted  to  tlie  Ifouseof  R^-prc-;  ntatives, 
for  the  i?)fi)rmation  of  congress,  but  askii-.g  no  legis- 
lative  aid,  sanction  or  co-operation,  wluitsoevei",  al- 
though the  treaty  had  (in  that  preci-iely  as  in  the 
present  instance)  been  exchanged,  ratified,  and  di- 
r-ected  bv  liim  to  be  promulgated. 

But  it  will  befurliier  recollected,  that  in  the 
course  of  tJie  discussion  which  afterwards  took  place 
.  on  tlie  subj  ect  of  the  treaty,  grounds  were  taken  sim- 
ilar to  those  now  contended  for,  and  a  resolution 
was  passed,  requiring  the  president  to  lav  before  the 
house  of  representatives  copies  of  certain  papers 
which  it  was  presumed  might  throw  a  light  upon 
the  merits  of  the  treaty.  In  answer  to  tliis  resolution 
or  request,  the  president  returned  a  written  message 
on  thft  30th  March,  wliich  would  be  found  in  theioiir- 
nals,  page  232.  ATr.  II.  oI)served,  he  would  not'take 
>ip  tlie  time  of  the  house  bv  reading  the  whole  mes- 
sHge.'it  length,  but  he  earnestly  req-u-sted,  ;ind  felt 
l.iinself  attthorized,  to  chiim  the  undivided  attenlion 
of  g'Titlemen  to  such  extracts  as  had  a  ptirticuiav 
benring  on  tlie  quest  ion,  now  about  to  be  decided, 
and  which  he  should  proceed  to  submit  to  them, 

"The  course  whicli  the  debate  has  taken  on  the 
resohition  of  the  house,  leads  to  .some  observations 
on  the  mode  of  making  treaties,  under  the  constitu- 
tion of  tjie  United  States. 

"Having  been  a  member  of  the  general  assembly 
auu  knoYing  tlie  pi-inciples  oa  which  the   canstitu- 


tion  was  formed,!  have  ever  entertained  but  one  , . 
pillion  on  tliis  subject;  and  from  the  fir.st  cstabli..,!,: 
nicnt  of  the  government  to  this  moment,' my  con/' 
duct  has  exemplified  that  opinion:  tl^at  the  power  of 
making  treaties  is  exclusively  vested  in  the  pre.), 
dent,  by  and  with  thcadvice'and  consent  of  the  sc:;- 
ate;  and  that  every  treaty  so  made  and  promulgated 
thenceforward  became  the  law  of  the  land.  ' 

"It  is  thus  tlie  treaty  making  power  has  been  un- 
derstood by  foreign  nations,  and  in  all  the  treaties 
made  with  them,  we  have  declared,  v.\A  .they  (-.yg 
believed,  t  .at  when  ratified  bv  tlie  ]in.sident",  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  they  berame 
obligatory.  In  this  construction  of  the  con'stitutionj 
every  house  of  representatives  has  heretofore  acq. dl 
esced,and  until  the  present  time,  not  a  doubt  or 
suspicion  ]ias  appeared  to  my  knowledge,  tiiat  this 
construction  was  not  the  tru'e  one;  nay,  they  have 
more  than  acquiesced— for  till  now,  without  contro- 
vertmg  the  obligation  of  such  treaties,  they  have 
madeall the  requisite  provisions  for  earning  Lhcm 
into  effect. 

"There  is  also  reason  to  believe,  tliat  this  ctv. 
struction  agrees  with  the  opiiiions  entertained  by 
the  state  conventions,  when  thev  were  dcliheratinir 
on  the  constitution;  especidly  by  those  wlio  ohiected 
to  it,  because  there  was  not  retjuired,  in  conimcrcid 
treaties,  tiie  consent  of  two-tliirds  of  tiie  whole  nuui. 
ber  of  the  members  of  the  senate,  instead  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  senatoi-s  present,  an(l  because  in  fre.i- 
ties  respecting  senatorial,  and  certain  other  rigiits 
and  claims,  the  concurrence  of  three-hnirtlis  of\lie 
whole  number  of  tiie  members  of  both  houses,  re- 
spectively, w:is  not  made  necessary. 

It  isa  fact,  declared  b\-  the  general  convention, 
and  universally  understood,  that  tlie  ronstiiution  of 
the  United  Slates  was  the  result  of  a  -spirit  of  amitv 
and  mutual  concession;  :md  it  is  well  known,  tii.Mi. 
under  this  influence,  the  smaller  stales  were  admitted 
into  an  equal  representation  in  the  ser.a.e  witii  the 
larger  states;  and  that  this  branch  of  the  govern- 
ment was  invested  with  ifi-e.it  powers— fir  on  ihe 
equal  particin:;tion  of  liio'^e  powers,  <!.(:  m.\  ci 'ir'*!  v 
and  politicii!  sitii.iiion  oftl-.e  smaller  stale.,  \vcre 
deemed  essentiidly  to  uonend. 

"if  other  proofs  tii:Mi  tiie-f,  and  the  pi'  in  le'*^:-  of 
the  constitution  itself,  be  necessary  to  iiscei-iuin  tiie 
point  under  considei-ition,  tiiey  ma\  iiefoinid  i-i  the 
journals  of  the  general  convention,  which  I  have  de- 
posited in  the  office  of  the  depai-tment  of  stnte.  In 
thosejournals  it  will  ajipear,  th;it  a  proposition  was 
made,  that  no  treaty  should  be  binding  on  the  United 
States,  which  was  not  ratified  by  a  LiW;  and  that  the 
proposition  was  explicitly  rejected. 

"As,  ilierei'bre,  it  is  perfccily  clear  to  m\'  under- 
standing, iliat  the  consent  of  the  hovxn  of  rc/ii\\scit/n- 
tiv'-sis  not  nerpfitiuv  lo  the  valiihty  of  llw  treaiv.  2;c. 
a  just  regard  to  the  constitution,  and  to  the  duly  of 
my  oifice,  Stc.  ibrbid  a  compliance  with  your  re- 
quest. 

"G.  AV^ASIIIXGTOV, 

30lh  Marcli,  179G." 

Mr.  Huger  said,  he  would  not  venture  to  add  i 
single  word  more  on  tlie  subject,  but  resume  his 
seat,  lest,  percliance,  some  oiiscrvat ion  of  his  miglit 
draw  the  attention  of  die  house  from  the  cxtraCs  he 
iiad  ju.st  read,  or  weaken  the  effects  of  the  opinion 
in  regard  to  the  point  at  issue,  between  honorable 
gentlemen,  so  unequivocally  given  by  that  immortal 
man,  who  was  by  all  acknowledged  to  have  hcci\ 
equally  the  founder  of  this  great  republic,  and, the 
father  of  that  co:isti;ution,  they  were  about  to  iti- 
terpret.  *     ■ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTEPv— GOBBET'S  LETTERS. 


5i^ 


Co];I)ett's  Letters. 

rno'vt  cobiu.tt's  kkgistj.r.  of  augtst  26. 
itir  let/ers  ti,  lord  Shejpftld,  on  his  speech  at  Leives 
-voolfun;  July  26.  1815. — Inteiuled  to  shoxo, 
1-  Tliut  me  real  cnuse  of  liie  distress  of  the  far- 
mers is  not  to  be  looked  for  in  the  low  price  of 
wool  ;ind  grain,  nor  in  ihe  exi.slence  of  tvthes: 
2.  That  liis  lordship's  liopes  of  a  more  flonrisliing 
trade  in  consequence  of  tiie  devastaiinns  of  other 
I'oiiivries  -re  fiLacious:  3.  Tluit  niauufactiu-esof  all 


list  of  the  impediments  to  the  wool-trade.  The  o- 
mission,  liow  ever,  as  far  as  related  to  your  auditors/ 
M\  d  per'ccih'  safe;  and  if  you  had  ascribed  tlie  fall 
of  iieir  produce  to  the  malignity  of  the  stars,  tliey 
would  have  been  just  as  attentive  and  just  as  full  (jf 
belief  as  30U  had  the  happiness  to  find  tiicm. 

Your  remedy  for  this  evil  of  low  price  of  wool  U 
the  old  remedy — a  tax  on  all  wool  imported.  To  he 
sure;  as  the  hop  growers  of  Farnham  v/ould,  if  thet- 
could,  h.-.ve  an  additional  tax  put  upon  the  hops  of 


kiwds  are  carried  on  to  a  great  extent  in  America,  | '^^"'^ '^"'^  uR  farmer  Cripem  would  have  all  tha 
and  that  macliinerv  has  been  there  put  into  use,  witii  |  ^^'''^-'^ '"  ^^^  country  blighted,  except  his  own.  You 
great  success,  in  the  making  of  woollen  and  cotton  ^•*.^"  ''^•'^t  the  same  arguments  that  were  made  use  ot* 
goods:  4.  That  so  extensive  is  the  growth  of  Ameri-''"  •^*^^'<^"«^^"'"  ^'*^  corn  bill  will  apply  with  equal 
can  wool,  that  son^e  of  that  wool  is  exported  to' ^"^^ce  to  a  wool  bill;  and  here  you  are  very  right.  Buc 
England,  and  that  though  the  importation  of  wool  is  j  Y^^  should  nave  shown,  that  these  arguments  were 
great  in   proportion  to\iie   whole  quamiiy  used,  to   sound;  and,  not  having  done  this,  you  only  said  that 


impose  a  tax  upon  importation  would  be  injurious 
to  ine  country:  5.  'I'hat  tiie  situation  of  England, 
compared  with  that  of  America,  is  such,  and  the  in 
duccments  to  emigration  so  great,  that,  in  order  to 
preserve  otir  manufactures,  not  only  ought  there  to 
be  no  tax  imposed  on  wool  imported,  but  tliat  the 
cjrn  bill  ougiit  to  be  repealed.  [Hy  IVilUam  Cob- 
bett!] 

LETTER  I. 
Intcnifed  to  sho-u.-,  that  i/u;  real  cause  of  the  distrust  of 

the  farnicrsis  not  to  be  looked  for   in   the  low  price 

of  wool  and  ^-rain,  nor  in  tlie  existence  of  tythes. 
Botley,  9ih  August  1815. 

^It  Lohd — Your  lordship's  speech,  or  report,  to 
the  wool-growers,  at  tiie  laie  fair  at  Lewes,  pressing- 
jy  invites  me  to  offer  some  remarks  on  it,  an  invita- 
tion wnich  I  the  more  readily  accept,  as  it  will,  for 
an  hour  or  two,  at  least,  waft  my  readei-s  and  myself, 
in  tlie  respectab'C  company  of  your  lordship,  away 
from  the  degrading  and  abominable  scenes  of  Eu- 
rope, 10  a  country,  where  mankind  seem  likely  to 
live  unyoked  tor  a  centurv  vet  to  come,  and  where 
M'e  may  yet  liope  to  see  arise  themeaits  of  avenging 
in  time,  tlie  cause  of  the  oppressed. 

Your  lordship  expresses  your  disappointment  that 
the  prospcrivy  of  the  wool-trade  hau  not  returnetl: 
'•1  had,"  say  you,  "Hattered  myself,  thai  atier  the 
faiitireoftiie  American  embargx)  and  non  importation 
measures,  and  also  of  Bonaparte's  attempts  by  de- 
crees to  ruin  our  trade,  and  that  the  ditliculties  res- 
pecting our  foreign  iiilei'cour ,e  v.ere  removed,  that 
the  trade  in  wool  and  woollens  would  return  to  its 
former  state,  and  proceed  steadily,  «is  heretotbre;  but 
the  mischief  I  had  foreseen,  and  repeatedly  repre- 
sented, as  also  the  necessitygof  checking  tliat  mis- 
ciiief,  lias  increased  in  a  most  extraordinary  degree, 
and  inhaitely  beyond  even  what  had  been  ao|)reiien- 
ded." 

I  will  stop  here,  for  a  moment,  to  observe  that  you 
have  omitted  any  mendon  of  the  American  war.  You 
will  see,  by  and  by,  that  the  American  embargo  and 
nan -importation  measui-es  were  not  attended  with  a 
failure.  You  will  see  that  they  had  tiie  wonderful 
effect  of  as.sistiug  in  creating  flocks  of  mei-ino  sheep 
manufactories  of  cloth,  cotton,    linen,  iron,  steel, 


a  wool  bill  would  be  as  wise  and  as  just  as  a  meas- 
are,  against  which  petitions  were  presented  from 
every  part  of  the  country,  and  which  was,  tov/ards 
tlie  period  of  its  adoption,  discussed  with  regular 
troops  drawn  up  round  the  house  of  commons. 

If,  when  his  majesty,  in  his  wisdom,  v/as  pleased 
to  confer  a  tiile  on  yoiu- lordship,  he  had,  at  tliesama 
time,  endowed  you  with  a  capacity  to  embrace,  ii! 
one  view,  the  whole  of  the  interests  of  a  commtini- 
ty,  to  comprehend  ;md  to  develope  abstruse  matters 
of politicid  economy,  "he  wotdd  have  provided  voii 
with  a  .shield  against  criticism,  which,  wlien  vou 
venture  into  the  press,  that  bare  title  does  not  afibrd 
you.  As  yet,  wiiatevei-  we  find  in|print  about  wool, 
at  any  rate,  we  may  freely  comment  on;  and,  vou* 
lordsliip  will  be  so  good  as  to  excuse  me,  if,  upon 
this  occasion,  I  should  sometimes  seem  to  forcvet  the 
lord,  while  I  am  answering  the  author.  I  am*  about 
to  lead  your  lordsliip  into  new  scenes.  The  sight, 
wliich  it  is  my  intention  to  open  to  your  view,  is  one 
of  such  novelty  and  such  grandeur;  I  am  about  to 
exhibit  to  you  proofs  of  such  astonishing  enterprise 
and  innprovement;  such  a  wonderful  revolution  in  the 
most  important  affkir.s  of  iuiman  life;  that  I  must 
beseecli  you  to  call  to  your  aid,  if  passible,  an  expan- 
sion of  mind  commensurate  with  t'le  interest  and 
the  magnitude  of  the  subject. 

But,  before  I  venture  to  life  you  to  this  point  of 
elevation,  let  us,  if  you  please,  discuss  the  subject 
of  your  projectel  wool-bill;  let  us,  before  we  croos 
the  Atlan.ic  -md  the  .\Uegany,  see  if  we  can  oome  to 
something  like  common  sense  on  the  question  which 
you  have  now  again  se;  in  :\gitation. 

You  see  tlie  farmers  distressed;  you  see  tiieoi 
brctking;  you  see  thenewspapei-s  filled  with  notices 
of  sales  of  tiieir  effects.  The  immediate  cause  of 
this  is  the  want  of  money.  Tii«  cause  of  that  want, 
however,  you  do  not  seem  to  understand;  and,  if 
you  (k)  understand  if,  you  keep  it  out  of  sight.  Yoti 
say  it  is  the  low  price  of  their  produce;  vou. would 
therefore,  compel  the  mass  of  the  people  to  pa- 
lliem  a  higiier  price,  not  .seeming  to  reflect,  th.at,  if 
you  could  succeed,  you  would  ouly  produce  in  otJiq;- 
classes  of  men,  just  thatquantity  of  distress  and  ru- 
in, of  which  you  wi;h  to  relieve  the  farmer.    If  your- 


leather,  gun  powder,  &c.  Sec.  and  in  the  construction  Up^dship  was  attacked  by  a  ruffian,  who  aimetl  at  put- 
fm.acninery  of  all  sorts.     Tiiis  Ishall  i,how  you  by  M-'"?  out  one  of  your  eyes,  and  were  to  aim  at  yoifr 


and  b;,;  but,  amongst  the  causes  of  the  depression 
«f  wool,  why  not  mendon  the  American  war.'  'i'hat 
war  lusted  longer  than  the  embargo  and  non-impor- 
tation measures.  It  wus  far  more  compleie  in  its 
operation;  and  yet  you  pass  it  over  in  silence.  .My 
opinion  is,  that  you  would  not  have  passed  it  over 
in  silence,  if  the  events  and  result  of  it  had  not  bc^n 
what  they  were.     If  those  had  not  demonstrated  to 

iLl^iV^'I?'''"^"",°,V'''^^^"''1!"'^'^"Vi  r   '^    ""°^    ^"^^  ^-^^''t   ^'^   "•"«  «»»i'li"?'  a  bushel. 
Fa.sViied,  tJ»t  yo%  would  kaye  put  tha  w;^•  t»  tiiej  U'  bw  price  be  rw-t,  !i»w  wiH  f^rmarsLv^  Hv-ri  th 


left  eye,   should  you  think  you  had  done  much  by 
warding  his  bayonet  from  that  eye  to  have  ^it  tJirtfSt 
ed  into  tlis  odiei? 

But,  my  lord,  the  foundation  of  your  reasoning,  if 
reasoning  it  must  be  called,  is  unsound;  namely,  that 
die  distrtss  of  the  farmer  arises  from  the  low  price 
of  his  produce.  lu  the  time  of  Mr.  Tcli,  th.'it  is  U> 
say,  70  year;  ago,  wheat  was  five  .shillings  a  bushel. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGIS  TEH— COEBETT'S  LE  rTKR.?. 


his  time?  It  is  not,  then,  positive  low  price,  it  if^ 
relative  low  price,  wliicl),  not  to  deny  your  very  con- 
fined comtnon  sense,  I  must  undei-stand  }-ou  lo  mean. 
Well,  tlien,  can  you  show,  or  can  any  man  livinp 
Jihow,  that  labor,  tackle,  horses,  and  seed,  do  not  al- 
wa\  s  bear,  upon  an  averag'eof  even  a  very  i'aw  year«, 
an  exact  ]5roporaon  to  tlie  price  of  wiiciit?  In  M'. 
Tull's  time  wheat  was  five  shilling's  a  bushel,  and 
the  price  of  recpinp;'  an  acre  ot  wlieat  was  five  sliii- 
linps.  "Wlieat  is  now  from  eif^iit  to  nine  shillings  a 
busliel;  and  tliC  price  of  reaping  an  acre  of  v.  heat  in 
liiis  p:u"t  of  England,  is  nine  shillings,  in  o  her  parts 
it  may  be  mucli  less,  labor  being  alwavs  hit^her  here 
tli:i»>  in  any  other  part  of  the  kingdom.  This  is  the 
price  that  I  and  my  neiglibors  are  actually  giving  at 
this  moment.  As  to  the  present  day,  1  y.ate  facts 
Ihat  are  notorious;  and,  as  to  the  age  of  Mr.  Tull, 
thousr.ixls  have  his  work  in  their  hands. 

If,  tlicrefore,  from  the  very  n.tureof  the  thing  i  - 
pelf,  it  were  possible  that  tlie  price  of  labor  (inclu- 
ding smiths,  wheel-rights,  and  horses)  siiould  not 
descend  and  ascend,  step  for  step,  with  that  of  wheat 
•which,  upon  vu  average  of  years,  is  the  standard  ot 
nil  other  jjroducts  of  tne  earth,  we  have  proof  posit- 
ive, that  such-  has  not  been  the  case  in  our  own  coun- 
try. How,  then,  must  that  mind  be  constructed; 
luiw  narrow  its  views;  or  how  perverted  its  facul- 
iics,  which  can  see  the  causeof  ruin  to  the  farmer 
in  the  low  price  of  his  produce? 


H'ool  of  all  co\mirie<f,  nniaTeda.ndiintythi'h  i^  tft  hf,- 
loured  in  upon  uswirhom  resiriclioii,  every  ni  ii  he 
5east  acquainted  with  the  subjec  will  agree  wit!i 
ne  that  it  never  can  be  vvortb  w  lile  lo  r  .ise  fiiie 
wool  in  this  kingdom;  and  the  ^.gricuituralist  will  aiiifi ' 
'hIv  at  giiantUt/  neiflectinq-  the  yiia/itt/  o   tlie  wool." 

Here,  again,  wiiit  a  juTiihle  ot  ide^s.  Wiiy  slioidd 
e  aim  at  quavtily  if  ids  prices  are  depressed  by  any" 
c„use,  no  matter  wii  at,  seeing  tliat,  uponai\  averaire 
^he  coarse  wi7^'^<  beara  piuporiion  in  price  .o  thefi.ie? 
These  iwe  notions  which  might  be  excused  iu  a  fir- 
mei'  or  wool  mercltant;  but  diey  become  not  one^, 
wjio  sets  himself  up  us  a  politic. d  economist.  They 
belong  to  tlie  slieepfold  and  the  carding  liouse.  Hnv 
nature  has  been  thwarted.  What  niiscliief  lias  beejj 
done  by  perverse  man's  setting  iier  laws  at  defiance. 

Hut,  mv  lord,  you  talk  oi g-i-ehnince  and  of  redreus 
and  then  you  talk  of  the  "nnfaxed  and  icntythed" 
•vool  of  other  countries.  "Was  it  not  then  to  be  ex-  . 
nected,  that  you  were  going  to  pro  '0.ie  to  m.ike 
ither  nations  adopt  our  t;ixes  and  tythes,  oi-,  to  in- 
duce our  governnient  to  remove  them?  N'either  of 
those  do  you  propose,  however;  but  in  tlieir  stead,  a 
tax,  to  be  paid  on  our  roats  and  blankets,  and  on  the 
goods  which  our  tnaiiuf.cturers  e.xport.  And,  ihen, 
tiie  covfounding  o^'  tii.vea  and  tythes  <'A  llie  cm  .eo'i-e- 
lative  expensivene.ss;  as  the  c  use  of  the  Engli.s^. 
firmer's  inability  to  contend  with  foreigners;  th  )uglt 
not  calculated  to  excie  .surprise  vhen  coming  from 


You  ascribe  his  ruin  to  the  luunt  of  a  svfficiency  (/j  the  lips  of  a  vulgar  iminformed  f.a-nier,  it  is  so  gross. 


■money.  Kight  so  far;  but,  there  are  iivo  ways  in  whicli 
«  want  of  a  sufficiency  of  money  may  come:  thefiist 
\%  bv  not  receiving  h  sufHcicnc}  :  the  other  bv  the  dis- 
propoi'iionate  greatiicss  of  the  demands  upon  what  is 
received.  The  man  who  has  five  hundred  a  year  may 
I-e  in  no  want  of  money;  wliile  he  who  has  twen  y 
thousand  a  year  may  become  a  bankrupt.     The  far- 


ly  absurd  that  it  redl'-  fills  me  wi  ii  shame  at  heaiv 
ing  it  uttered  by  any  Kn  .lisn  gendeman.  D.iringsix 
centuries  the  Itud  o*' Enirlan  I  has  vielded  tythe-t; 
and  sur&ly  English  farmers  have  seen  prospero  is 
davs!  If  the  farmer  did  not  •,  ield  l\  thes,  would  ;ie 
not  pay  the  full  woi'tii  o''  it  in  addi  ional  rent?—* 
Wi>ere,  then,  is,  v/here  can  fie,  thediiference  tohim? 


tntr  idways  does,  because  he  must,  receive  enough  Tfthe  piu'chaser  of  an  e-,tate  were  not  .oyie'd  tythe^- 
inoney  proportioned  to  tlie  labour  on  his  fyrm:  its  re-  woidd  he  not  pay  the  full  worth  oTi'  in  tiie  purchase' 

money?  Wiierc,  then,  can  be  the  diftrence  to  him.' 


•propor 
<-eipts  and  expenditure  Iierc  regulate  each  other  witik 
<he  greatest  correctness:  but,  if  there  beademander 
of  monev,  whose  demands  never  lower  with  prices; 
wlio  paysr.o  respect  to  seasons  or  attj'^  other  circum 
stances;  who  comes  lor  large  sums  many  times  in 
the  vear;  who  will  not  wait  a  moment;  who  needs 
none  of  the  usual  forms  of  lav/  to  obtain  pa3nient, 
but  who,  at  once,  lays  hold  of  th^  crop  or  the  uteii- 
alls:  and,  withal,  wiiose  demands  are  continually  in- 
ereasinsr,  if  tlierebe  sucii  a  creditor,  it  is  very  clear, 


Far  othervrise  is  it  witli  the  taxes.  These  are  no   of 
six  centuries  standing,  and  ^i  r  I'y  of  .ix  vears.  Tijey 
are  a  clear  addition  to  tiie  out-goings  of  the  farmer: 
their  iimount  like  tliat  of  the  tMlie,  is  nol  proponion-^ 
ed  to  the  value  of  the  crop;  but  keejjs  always  to  ita  ' 
fidl  height  wliether  tiie  croji  be  small  or  great,  dear 
or  cheap.  If,  indeed,  you  liad  spoken  of  tyilies  as  thfr 
meansof  su]>("iorlinga  body  of  iiien,  having  enormoiut  ^ 
weight  on  the  side  of  politic  d  and  military  power,  - 


that,  as  prices  tall,  the  farmer  must  sink  into  ruin,    u  ou  would  have  spoken  of  t  lem  in  a  manner  becom- 
;N'ow,  has  not  the  English  farmer  such  a  creditor?  ing  a  genMeman  of  liljeral  i  leas;  but,  to  poin'.  them 
His  taxes,  direct  and  indu-ect,  fiir  exceed  tlie  amount  lout  as  a  causa  of  the  ruin  of  the  farmer,  and  tliat,. 


of  all  h.is  otlicr  out-goings.  Let  us  suppose,  then,  a 
man  on  his  own  land,  who  pa  d  a  hundred  pounds  a 
rear  for  labor  and  a  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  in  tax- 
es, when  wheat  was  eighteen  shillings  a  bushel.  He 
uas  then  able  to  live.  If  the  wheat  be  nine  shill- 
ings a  bushel,  his  labor  will  cost  him  fifty  pounds, 
and  if  his  taxes  fell  down  to  seventy-five  pounds,  lie 
would  be  still  where  he  was.  Hut  his  taxes  continue 
to  be  one  hundred  and  fifty.  It  is  manifest,  there 
fore,  that  the  taxes,  and  thetr.:i.cs  oabj,  are  the  cause 
of  his  ruin. 

Your  lordship  does,  indeed,  allude  incidentally  to 
•ur  taxes;  but,  then,  this  allusion  is  accompanied 
with  tioihing  to  induce  the  belief  that  you  wished  to 
point  the  attention  of  your  li carers  towards  them  as 
a  cause  of  that  ruin,  of  Which  you  were  speaking; 
much  less  do  you  hint  at  any  hope  ot  relief  in  this 
all  important  respect.  You  say:  "Ifthe  landed  in- 
terest (in  which  I  include  the  land  occupier)  will 
not  make  kna~,un  its  grievance,  it  cannot  expect  atten- 
tion orreds-ess,  and  it  will  be  .esponslble  fo  theruii 
thdt  will  i'ftU«n  tht  gr«'V|rtk  of  fine  wocL  Jrar  if  tue 


too,  m  a  mere  pec'tni.uy  point  ot  view,  was  to  emu- 
late the  conduct  of  tliose  .;'rudging  and  unfeeling' 
clowns,  who  and  whose  wives  have  all  along  been 
bawling  for  vv'ar  in  the  CAUie  oi' " IigUgij?i  aiid  Social 
Order;'"  who  have  been  branding  OiS  jacobins  nM  those 
ihat  wished  to  see  an  end  to  tliat  war;  and  which 
clowns,  groaning  at  last,  under  its  consequences, 
now,  like  the  much-more-to-be-pitied  canine  unfor^ 
tunate,  unconscious  of  tlic  real  cause  of  their  suflTer. 
ings,  fl'  for  vengeance  on  all  that  falls  in  their  way. 
Still,  I  have  taken  but  a  very  limited  view  of  the 
subject.  Yet,  if  your  lo.'dship's  head  turned  at  the 
first  step  of  the:  stuir-ciise,  how  am  I  lo  get  you  to  th* 
top  of  St.  Paul's?  The  task  is  hopeless.  Unabl^^ 
therefore,  to  stretch  3'our  mind  to  the  measin  e  ot* 
such  a  view;  un.ible  to  niuke  you  capable  of  seeing, 
iiow,  even  tlie  taxes  laid  upon  tlie  farmer  affect  tiiiw 
no  more  than  they  eifect  all  the  other  classes  of  tli« 
community,  except  those  who  live  upon  those  taxes, 
and  tliMt  i  sa  generid  and  not  a  partial,  a  lasting 
and  not  a  t  mpo;-  ry,  depression  th.t  .he  nation  now 
feelsi  unabie  to  uccompUsU  iim  obj«ct,  I  situU  pVx 


gUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— eOBBETTS  LETTERS. 


wt 


c.it^  to  tha!  pai't  of  your  speech,  where  you  express 

your  exp'-ciati.m  of  speedily  seeing  an  extraordinary 
'deiiiaiul  fi)r  wool.  This  howevei-,  must  be  liie  sub- 
jeci  of  anulher  letter.— I  am,  your  lordship's  most 
obedient  servant, 

WM.  COBBETT. 


gro-ath  of  wool;  is  to  cause  an  "extraordinary   de» 
mand"  for  our  fnrmcrs  wool? 

But,  die  benignant  avniies  liave  devistated  in  such 
a  way,  that  other  iintions  will  not  "s  jon  sc'tle  to 
manufivcuires,"  and,  therefore,  wr,olleiis  will  be  wan- 
ted fi  o;n  Enscland  to  supply  'lie  pl.ice  of  those  whicti 
were  formeily  made  abroad.  Does  your  lordsnip 
think  that  we  shall  thresh  'he  Frencli  into  the  wear- 
ini^  of  our  wonilen^,.'  And,  do  you  think,  that  the 
exhausLing-  of  tlie  nations  of  Europe,  that  ia  to  -  /, 
the  making- of  them  poor,  will  tend  to  make  them 
beiter  customers  than  fonnerly?  You  shoni'^  t, 
Uiink  so,  seeinjj  that  \ou  tell  yourhcAnps,  that  tli« 
ruin  of  tlie  farmer  produces  il.  it  o^"  iie  tiade-:!ri  -i, 
seeing- that  the  farmer  is  the  customer  of  the  la'ter. 
Observa  ion  had  enabled  you  to  reason  co.  •  c  •./ 
enor.gh  upon  wliat  was  passing- just  under  your  nose; 
but,  you  appear  not  to  have  bee:i  able  sufficienil\-  to 
enlai-geyour  mind  to  ex' end  that  same  reasoning-  ;o  a 
lart;er  scale. 

]3esides,  supposing  your  notion  of  the  suspension 
of  continental  manuiacUires  'o  be  correct,  d.>e>  not 
that  notion  make  directly  ag-ainst  your  main  hope, 
namely,  an  increase  in  ti^e  price  of  wool  at  iiome'  If 
those  manufactures  were  *o  be  wholh  suspended, 
the  whole  of  Uie  wool  of  the  continent  must  come 


IJLTTER  II. 

Xntended  to  shoto,  that  his   lordships 9  hopes    of  a   mnre 

fioTiVishimr  trade  in  conssqnence  of  tha  devastations 
'  of  other  countries,  are  fallacious. 

Mt  Lonn — After  expre-sini^ your  disappointment 
that  prosperity  had  not  returned  to  the  wool-trad? 
in  consequence  of  tlie  "f;iilure"of  the  American  em- 
barcfo  and  non-importation  laws,  and  the  cessation  of 
the  "continental  system"  of  Napoleon;  after  skipping 
over  nearly  three  years  of  war  with  America,  a 
strange  skip  on  the  part  of  a  person  who  became 
known  to  the  literary  world  by  his  writings  on  A- 
rnerican  navigation  and  commerce;  after  ascribing 
the  low  price  of  wool  and  other  produce  here,  and 
the  consequent  depression  of  the  farmer,  to  the  im- 
portation of  produce  from  abroad,  grown  into  un- 
taxed and  untythed  lands;  after  exhorting  the  land- 
lords and  farmers  to  apply  for  a  law  to  make  foreign  j 
-wool  pay  a  duiv,  or,  in  other  words  to  make  foreign, here;  and,  would  that  tend  to  enhance  the  price  of 
wool  higher  priced  in  England,  instead  ot  exhorting!  wool  in  England.'  Thus  it  ever  is  with  a  mind  inca- 
them  to  applv  for  the  abolition  of  tvthes  and  there-' pable  of  enlarged  views.  Il  catches  hold  of  deiach- 
duction  oftakes,  which  the  premises  seemed  topointicd  ideas;  it  puts  them  forth  one  at  a  time  wi  hout 
to  as  the  only  rational  conclusion;  after  all  this,  your  combination;  it  gets  entangled  in  confusion  and  ab- 
lordship  conies  to  new  grounds  of  hope;  you,  discov-' surdity. 

er,  in  the  fall  ofXapoleon  and  in  the  present  state  of|  But,  your  lordship  appears  lo  me  to  be  comple  ely 
foreign  nations,  "sufficient  ground  to  expect  an  ex-  in  error,  even  as  to  the  devastating  effec  s  oi  w.ii  md 
traordinarv  demand  for  wool."  invasion.  The  injuries  of  invasion  are  ?^v&^^,  very 

The  pa.ssage  I  alluded  to,  is  as  follows: — "But  I. great;  but,  as  has  been  proved  by  numerou-^  ex..in- 
should  add,  that  tjiere  is  sufficient  ground  to  expect  pies,  these  injuries  are  seldom  of  lasting  duration, 
an  extraordinan-  demand  for  wool  in  consequence  of:  Armies  pillage,  rob,  vi^date,  murder;  bu%  in  acoun- 
the  complete  subjugation  of  those  who  have  so  long' try  of  any  considerable  extent  and  population,  ;iey 
disturbed  the  world  and  deranged  its  commerce. , can  actually  conmiit these  violences  only  on  a  compa- 
Fi-ance,  and  the  other  countries  which  have  been  rativelysmallpart  of  thepropertyandpersons.  In.he 
overrun  bv  desolating  armies,  are  exhausted,  and  invasions  of  Napoleon  he  always  took  care,  not  only- 
will  not  immediately  re-establish  their  former  occu-  to  protect,  but  to  cherish  and  promote,  every  science 
pations,  and  settle  to  manufactures,  it  is  therefore  and  every  art.  He  hoped  to  rem.iin  master  of  he 
most  probable  there  will  be  a  very  unusual  demand  greater  p-art  of  his  conqaes's,  and,  therefore,  ne 
for  those  of  woollen,  not  only  from  the  countries  al-  every  where  favoured  the  pursuits  of  industry.  The 
ludedto,  but  also  for  those  countries  which  nsed  ?o  agriculture  and  mumifactures  of  Germany  suffered 
he  svpplied  from  those  parts  luhich  have  been  ravaged  but  little  from  his  irruptions.  He  dispersed  indeed, 
hu  ~.mr."  but  he  did  not  desa-oy,  die  flocks  of  Spain.     While 

"  Whether  it  discover  anv  great  degree  of  benevo-Jl'e  lefta  sufficienc\  beldnd,  his  invasion  stocked  ma- 
lence,  and  wh«?  her  it  be  wise  in  an  Englishm'an.uy  other  countries  in  Europe  A-ith  fine  woolled  sheep; 
thus  to  describe  thehopeof  our  prosperity  as  built'ancl,  as  I  shall  by  and  by  show  you,  the  U.  States  of 


on  the  devastation  and  misery  produced  in  other 
XJountries  by  wars,  by  invasions,  of  which  it  is  well 
known  that  we  even  boast  of  having  been,  by  the 
means  of  our  money,  the  principal  cause,  whether 
this  discovers  much  benevolence  and  wisdom  in  an 
Englishman  I  leave  others  to  decide.  But  I  think 
myself  able  to  show,  able  to  convince  any  rational 
man,  that  your  lordship  is  as  mucii  deceived  in  your 

J  resent  expectations  as  events  have  proved  you  to 
ave  been  in  your  expectations  of  four  years  ago. 
The  "extraordinary  demand  for  wool,"  which  yon 
anticipate,  is  to  arise  from  the  exhaitsted  sia.te  of  o- 
ther  countries  Now,  my  lord,  we  will  leave  .^mcr 
»«H  aside  for  separate  observation;  and  then  let  me 
ask  you,  whether  Spain,  Saxony,  Silesia,  Holland. 
Sweden,  are  kss  likely  to  grow  wool  wow,  than  the;, 
-were  three  uears  ago?  France  never  exported  wool. 
What  CT-er  may  be  the  political  evils  nows  to  be  ex- 
pected, is  there  any  reason  to  suppose,  that  the  con 
tinent  of  Europe,  settled  in  peace,  will  not  grow  a 


much  wool  as  it  has  grown  during  its  years  of  war'      '.me  time;  a  gov 
"Ji^'hat  then,   as  far  as  Europe  q  wrjcoTHei  in  tIie''..ioney,  uotsnlj'  Qifflls^  tji«r  gyitt*  iftWftr,  btjt,  33 


f^-r^-^i^rrj  rn  Var-.  I*C, 


America,  The  two  staple  commodities,  in  all  coun- 
tries, are,  man  and  the  earth.  From  these  alt  the  rest 
arise.  Numbers  are  killed  in  wars;  but  what  ara 
two  or  three  millions,  and  that  is  beyond  all  conpu- 
■  ation,  when  compai-ed  with  the  population  of  Eu- 
rope? The  earth,  'he  climate,  cannot  be  changed.— 
The  character  of  a  people  for  indus'ry  cannor  be 
changed  very  suddenly.  Men  cannot  be  made  to  for- 
get what  they  know.  Invading  armies  oppress  and 
of; en  murder;  l)ut,  the  invaded  soon  revive,  unless 
some  dead  weight  on  them  be  left  behind.  Belgium, 
the  theatre  of  everlasting  wars,  conquered  and  re- 
conquered many  times  in  every  centiu-y,  has  alw.aya 
continued  o  be  the  most  populous  and  most  flour- 
ishing part  of  Eui'ope,  even  the  environs  of  London 
toe  excepted.  The  United  States  of  America,  invaded 
i)y  English  and  German  armies  in  every  quarter;  all 
Uieir  cities  and  towns  altarnatelj-  taken;  a  formidabla 
livision  among  the  people  themselves;  intestine  as 
■■•ell  as  foreign  war  as!$ailing  them  at  one  ind  thfl 
me  time;  a  government  without  credit  and  widiout 


a 


f*/ 


P^TTPLKIMKNT  TO  NSrKs*  Sir^GISTER- 


-eo:?3S'rT*s  lett 


<:rs. 


S'.-oTv  :^^s  j'rt^'pce  i  f  li'rned,  Htarte-.l  a?  oime  in  a  ciircer  of!      IT,  tlieii,  'Jicre  be  so  Utile  fomidal.ioi)  for  ^  Wi;-  1kii,(» 
j.io.ij^ni^'  tli;.l  p.s;ui'i>.he(l  the  woili'i,  :iiid  that  com-  wiili  rej^aid  to  EiiDpe,  on   wiu'tt  can  \'ou  bnii'l  niar 


p'e<e;v  {"..Ui{ic<l  all  the  pouiiclir-isor'tliose,  who  had 
:;)rcv'd  tl'.nl  fccb'entss  would  he  tiif  <;oi..-f<nier.ce  oV 
ilirif  iiui'e])<aKU..i'c-j  ;,nio;iiJH'  r\-<':\:Ai  t'orofeilers  yo'ii- 
J.jrd.sliiji  u<  laipitd  ;v  uidtlnj;tiIsliC'd  ])lftce. 

I  h;;vc  nctl'.eii'u  il  ]nx>p(;.s..xl  u»  Imni  1 1 u- several 
TTKitiut'iC'orley  in  T'lin-ce.  TleTin'Cs  and  Couiiei- 
'ii\vs[)aper.s  recoiTiiiiend  the  Jiiurder  of  a  great  iiiim- 
t.'.v  ol  iH.)ple;  applaud  tbe  requisitions  inip^ised  iip- 
<iji  the  rieuch;  Would  liavc  t!ie  c>)untry  dismember- 
ed, but,  I  have  not  iieard  even  tiiein  point  out  thi- 
burning'  ofiiie  manufuctoi  ics,  thou;^-h,  perh:tps,  the;, 
look  uj.'oiithat  asundersKKidanioni^^s!  "t!ie  measure-; 
ncceisjuy  to  the  .'iCcurity  of  Knjirland."  B:it,  even 
tiiis  would  answtT  us  n.o  profi'.iide  iJUiposc.  TliCse 
m:'.nnf;;Ctni'lc.s  would  siVji'  use  up  a^^-.dn;  and,  ii'tiiev 
did  lio.,  I^uncc  W'otild  he  sr,pi->li''d  from  other  ccini- 
tricb  th^iathis.  T.'fi'om  this  our  payment  ran«l  !>e  in 
Vier  produce,  fjl.euould  avise  a^aiii  quirJil,  11  one 
\VaV  or  auo'iier;  .-nd,  noihi-.s:  tiial  we  can  do  a^MJrisi 
)->  •  -.^  ill  h'l-i  e  !in>  vei-\'durNhie  effect  h.m  to  her  pro;- 
pcri",  w'nlc  every  da}  ot  vv.u-  i.-i  addinji' to  tho:ie 
ilixea,  wiiicii  are  the  i-eai  cause  of  iiepre...-iioii,  of 
V'.l.icuyour  lordsihip complain.!,  ai'd of  whicii  no  man 
l^vini^  expects  iver  to  see  any  dimin-iitioa,  except  as 
tfic  consequence  of  a-'i  ever.t,  of  whicli  most  men 
turn'froni  tlie  contemplation  as  some'hinp;  too  di.s- 
trcs.sin^  i'<-v  liie  mind  )o  endiuG.  E:t<^land,  in  foilo'v- 
i;ijr  tiiC  advice  of  Ir.e  wi'iter.s  1  ha\-e  mentioned  aljove, 


iiope  on  tlie  otl.er  side  of  the  Adantic.''  Btu,  I  vvdil 
reserve  tiie  discu.ssion  of  tiiis  question  as  the  sui)-' 
jer.t  of  anoilier  loiter,  il  being-  of  too  much  ir.ip.)i-t- 
ar.f-e  to  be  mixed,  in  any  wr.v,  wi'h  infci-ior  matter. 
— I  am  your  most  obedient  servant, 

W3I.  COBBETT. 

T.ETTKR  III. 

IntfiuJed  to  ulifm',  fliat  mtuu/factureit  of  all  kird-!   C"r 
vru-rird   oil  ton  preiii  t!.r!mi  in  ^imgricii,  inxi  f/nit 
machiiirrij  hiu:  lit'cii.  put  i:uo  7txs  -Lcith  H'l'cut   succvns 
in  /hi'  mahiiii^  of -woollen  and  cotton  ffo<i'h. 
is\\  ijOUii — It  is    America  to  ".  incii  \   no'v  solicit 
the  honor  of  cidlinpf  your  a    en' ion.     li'vou    v.iil   o- 
bii:_;-e  me  by  l;o,  ino-  ;i-ide,  for  oidv   iialian  hour,  your 
solid  co.Mimns  ot  e\poris  and  i-nporv.H  vo.ir  lalviriv!'i.s 
det:;il.^  oTouUv.ird  and  invaid  vrrule,   your  t-vo-ind- 
tu-o-peiiny   :nul      hree- md-hree-penny    accounts   of 
uool  prices,  I  pron.ise  to  lead  you  into  scenes  of  such 
novelty,  s-icii  eiterpri.-ie.  and  siicii  interest,  as  sh'dl 
make  you  ibr2;'C  ,  for  tiie  time,  the  tyrainiv  and  cruel- 
ty, the  mean'iess  and   bise  :ls.-.,  liie  pro,4is':<cv,  the' 
perndy,  a'ld  tiie    hypocrisy,    no'v  acting  upon    the 
tlieatre  of  Europe 

Von,  iny  lord,  wrote  a  l>i)ok,  soon  af"tcr  the  f^ ''t 
American  war,  tne  oiijccis  ot'  whicit  were,  to  poir.t 
out  i!ic  means  ot  ker.pmq-  b,ic.k  tlie  navigation  .nui 
connnerce  of  America,  and  to  sliew,  that  she  could 
riiig'lit  still  add  much  to  the  sifferr.iT:  of  her  neigh- j  not  becomis  a  manu!acturi;\q;  country — I  was  of  tiji*; 
-Inurs;  s1ie  miiiht  iaceriiie  and  tear  them  k  g-ood  deal,  I  la.'ter  opinion  about  si:t  \e;ir.=!  ag-o  ©nlv.  Thre^ 
but  s  id  the  terrihie  and  i;icurable  disea-se,  wnich  I  years  of  embargo  r.nd  non-imporialio.is  and  disper- 
(:.l«e  lias  contracted  dui'in;::  the  A\'ar,  v.ouid  cLi.g- to  Isions  of  Spanisli  floclcs  corr.inccd  me  or  )ny  erior. 
Iter  bov.'el.s,  aiid,  in  the  work  of  ])al.,yin(-  iier  lijiih-;,  1  which,  as  .soon  as  lperceived.it,  I  hs.siened  to  re- 
Would  only  be  assisted  by  tiie  prolou;.iing  ot'  ;i  stiite  ;  tract;  and,  bc\ore  tiie  las',  war  began,  I  endeavored 
oT  hosliii.y.  1  to  convince  our  ministeri,t!iat  if  they    still    persis> 

Oiie  wo'ild  have  imagined,  that  past  experience  ted  in  their  rigiit  to  inipre.ss  persons  out  of  Ama*- 
with  r^g-id  to  Frr.:. CO  herjcii'.vo'iki  li.'.ve  prevented  I  ican  ships  on  .he  ■ig!)  seas,  tiiey  would,  i:i  the  apace 
your  iordsiiipfrom  indulging  such  fond  hopcsbf  see- i  of  a  few  years,  find  manui'actures  rising  up  in  Amer- 
ir.g  other  tiii.ion.'J  ruined  by  devastaiirig  annie.s.  Thelicatliai  would  astonish  tliem  .  In  siiort,  I  predict 
fir.-i  tei'  \e,j"s  of  her  rc-vol'.uion  drove  all  die  great  |  ted,  in  my  iettei's  to  the  prince  regent,  before  tiiC 
.nroprieiv.ri- ''om  their  houses;  stripped  Inem  of  their  I  war  began,  tiial,  if  he  did  enter  on  that  war,  he 
esta'Cs  rcJ.lced  all  die  opulent  nierchiiuts  to  beg-  i  would,  at  the  end  of  seven  ;,  ear^,  render  the  Ignited 
ry;  ruined  aU.'tiie  m.muficturers  and  broke  up  Sa'es  wholly  independent  of  England  for  manufac- 
iieii'  concerns;  pr.  duced  a  bankruptcy  of  the  gov-  tures;  or,  at  least,  enable  her  to  dispense  vvithEng- 
ernmentj  laid  tiie  peijjle  und?;  conu-ibutions.     Yet, }  lish  manufactui'es. 

how  did  we''fjn'd:Fi\.nLe  in  Idl'i.''  So  full  of  prosper!-  The  war  did  noi  last  three  vears  and  yet  this  im- 
ty;  so  rici;;  with  .so  little  debt;  with  sucii  impi-oved  ;  portant  revolution  in  human  aiTau-s  was  accomplish- 
^'gric'ultute  and  sucn  flotirislung  manutuctures,  that  ed;  antl,  bayou  assured,  my  lord,  that  it  will  form  an 


\ve  wt  i-e  conipelied.  to  pass  a  law  to  stop  tlie  impor 
latioh'or  her  corn,  wliileslie  stood  in  no  need  of  ei- 
tiier Ourvcoolien^i,  linens,  or  cottons.  Nay,  it  is  tiie 
leconectiotl  or  the  evidences  of  prosperi.}-,  that  we 
t'len  saw,  which  is  now  uigi'ig  on  our  base  and  fool- 
Jsii  wi-iters  to  c:dl  for  her  destruction  by  means  of 
Clcrnian  hitnie.,  in  our  pay. 

Wii:'t  becomes,  then,  of  your  lordiliip's  hope.' 
"What  becomes  of  the  "good  g-roand"  of  your  new 
5;rpecta'.ion?  EveiiTiow.-alread;,-,  wiiile  there  is  a  civil 
•vVar  in  Frart«e;  while  Uyif  h  uddi  jii  of  EngliMi  jud 
German  soldu..':aretliere  living  at  freequartei;  even 
IVora  die  deiK.rtjicnts  where  some  of  thoie  soldiers 
are,  the  French  arc  now,  at  this  very  inymtnt,  bring- 
ahg  in  tlvejr  butier,  poultry,  eggs,  iruit,  &c.  ike.  lu 
TortsiTiOUih  and  Southampton;  and  after  paying  a 
■dutv  upon  tiiem,  selling  them  at  le  .s  than  hair  liie 
price  at  wliich  we  can  afford  to  seli  siiuil.ii'  articles! 
Tg throw  siicii  a  c(;untry  back,  lo  make  it  tribular, 
to  our  agriculture  and  manufactures,  even  for  one 
ytar,  would  require  the  power  of  tJie  deity  uid  tlie  ma-' 
Mg'nity  asc-ibed  to  '.iiedevil;  and  thougn  tliere  are  per- 
©Qiu  enough.who  manilestly  pos^e  \s  t]ielatter,the^  are 
Jl^W^y for Qaiuikiiid,a«»t>in  fQna^i^'mQ'^  kAefga'jnei:, 


•poch  in  liie  annals  of  ti:e  woild. 

IJnt,  how  snail  I  convince  your  lordship  that  wliat 
I  say  is  true.'  Tiiat  is  tlie  great  point.  Hearsay  re- 
ganlinga  country  at  such  a  distance  is  nothing.  A 
newspajier  account  would  not  be  much  better.  A 
book  written  by  some  American  migiit  mislead;  for 
writers  have  a  point  to  carry,  adoctrine  to  estaiilish, 
an  opponent  to  beat,  or  a  bias,  at  any  rate,  to  yichi 
to.  Even  an  oHicial  account,  published  by  the  Amer- 
ic&ngoveinmenr,  might  be  incorrect  and  overchar- 
g'ed;  ior  your  lordship  and  I  have  seen  many  su-^h  ac- 
coutits  in  England.  What  am  I  to  do,  then?  Biinp 
some  persons  who  have  been  upon  the  spot  and  have 
actually  seen  what  Uiev  describe?  I  h.ive  no  such, 
persons  at  hand.  I  h.ave  iiot  a  single  American  nc^ 
quaintance;  and  besides,  I  live  out  of  the  world. 
How,  then,  am  I  to  convince  your  lord  diip,  that  t'le 
■  nerino  flocks;  the  fulling  mills,  some  going  by  si  cam 
and  jiome  by  water;  that  the  cloth  m^nufictoriesS 
tiiat  tJie  cotton  manufactori  s;  that  tlie  spin  ling  j  en- 
nies;  that  the  li-on  mills;  that  wire  nianufaci.ories;: 
luat  crockery-ware  manufucLories;  that  tiic  jiowder- 
miils,  camion  lounaeries;  tlir."  tiie  luan.i''  ■'  .•  1*^.  of 
ti.ut  a,iid  lieiTip;  an^  tiiatagreat  many  otiicis,  and  all 


.StUPPLE\IP:NT  TO  NILKS'  REoir^TI'^^—t'DSnETT'S  LnTKlib. 


u 


^ 


«i!icrs,  as  Tar  :>s  I   know,  exist  in    Amei-icn?     Wh\ ,  i  y'>-  !*> 

Tir  lord,    since  yon   will-believe  no'bins-   but    yonv  From  ihe  PhihdclpJdci  Dunioci-cUic  Prcm,  l'.ith  Fedni- 


own  eves,  for  wiiicli  I  do  noi  bl.uTie  yoii;  and,  as  1 
Cunnot  take  yon  to  America,  I  A'ill  send  the  merino 
tlocks,  the  niiinufixiories,  and  the  bales  of  goods  in- 
to Sussex  to  you. 


«'•'.  1815. 
FOR  SALE, 

\  valiiablo.  C-.)ltoi     lanM factory. 

Situate  in  the  conntyof  Phil  ide'phiu  on  the  Rns- 
tleton  turr.pike  rofid,  tevi  miles  fr;jiu  the  ci;}',  ..nd 
1  have  ♦.'ik en  a  parcel  of  American  newspapers,  [  ,,pQii  the  Pennepack-creek.  'I'ii-  -e  ureon  t!ie  pren)- 
thit  came  lo  me  altorether  about  a  montli  ago,  and  j  iges,  one  three  st'-.r;,-  so.ie  mill  40  by  45  feet,  havinsj 
which  were  published  in  February,  March,  April,  j  therein  663  spindles,  witli  ; he  nece-isary  prcpariig 
and  May,  last,  or  the  greater  part  of  tliem.  I  'lave  rnachinery — f)ne  frame  mill  occupied  tin  a  blade  mill, 
cut  out  nf  these,  flrfrcr^ixf'He?!?*  o^  merino  shee]5,  &.C. :  o!ie  mansion  honKC  wiili  convenient  out  buildings, 
&r.  FOR  SALE  Thev  come,  as  you  will  see,  Vom  Ueven  stone  h  vises  subst:intis.lly  built,  the  greater 
vAmns'>  every  iiiate  ill  the  union.  Some  are  from  Ros- ;  p^rt  new,  conveniently  adopted  for  M'orkmen,  one 
ton,  some  Baltimore,  some  F'tiladelohii,  some  fixnn  j  weaving  shop  60  by  20  feci,  one  substantial  new 
New-York,  some  from  Albany,  some  from  Pittsburg;  j  fj-ame  building'  3^  stories  higii,  23  feet  by  3i  feet, 
thus  embracing  what  mav  fairly  be  deemed  the  |  the  lovv-er  s^or/ of  which  is  fitted  np  as  a  weavinpf 
■whole  conntrv.  And,  besides,  the^e  newspapers  |  shot);  the  secjnd  as  a  sore  and  counting  house,  the 
]i  \-e  come  to  me  quite  promiscuously.     The\'    (nive    itniaindec  :..i  tjed  rooms,  to,:;efher  wiUi 


been  sent  b-nersons  whom  I  do  not  know,  and  witii- 

out  anv  of  cr  motive  than  that  of  sliowing  mecivili- 

ty.     Of  some  of  these  paners  I   have. only  a  single 

number;  of  others  tv/o;  of  ottiers  nine  or  :en.     From 

2-'it:sbin-q- ^  have  onh- one  mmtber,  and  tha~    is  of  a 

})aper  called    lie  Coiiv7iontuen!t/i;  und  }ef,  in  ihis  one 

jiaper,  matter  is  contained  suiiicieut  to  establish  dl   vy  iui);>rcr.^  for  the  manufictory.     The  country  fert: 

■I  say.  ■    (ile,  he.;lM»y,  and  pleisant 

„,  .    .  .  ,  r.,        •!•      .1-       .   .pi  Anijh  on  the  fnemiacs  to 

This  IS  certamlv  ajjew'v.avofdescribnigtne  ■^ta'^  I  ''  -  '  TJfOS    F    GORDOX 

of  the  manufactures  of  a  country;  but.  really,  I  d"  j  j^.^^.,^,  ^,„.^;^j  j,^^  temptation  io  ivluigc  nvse'if, 
not  kno^y  of  any  other  so  good.  To  m.ke  such  -^  I  ,^^.,,^^.^  j  ^^_^^,  ^^^^^  .^^  ,^  ^.^.^.  ,^,^^.^,j-,  „  ,, ,  -,,; , 
description  correctly,  a  man  Uiust  go  hm,.sd  Ho  col.  j„,,.^^^,..j^^^^  j    ^m  here  at  home      In   this  /?.7,,.., 

lect  information  all  over  a  country.  I  he  difhrulnes  !  ^^^^^^^^  ^  y^^_^  for  some  -ime.  My  most  intimate  fricids 
uf  domg  this  are  manv  and  great,  f  tcre  we  _as^  no  ;  ^^^^^^  ,^^^  pri-icipal  Landowners  of  the  snot.  UM^^ 
questions,  relvon  norepoHs,  l.sle.i  to  no  stones,  cx..|  .j^^  j^,^^^^J  ^,,^.,,[^  Pe,viel>nck  oreek  I  have,   I  ve'rilv 


I'S  ICHES  iW  GOOD  L  VNTX 
Anv  c.'ijii-.Alis'r  disposed  to  enter  into  a  lucrative 
busi  less  will  fir.d  here  a  fivorab'C  opportuni:y. 

Ti.e  distance  i.i  short  from  the  city — the  seat  ca- 
palile  to  (lri\e  3000  spindi'>>,  the  road  turnpike.I,  the 
neighb:;rhood  po;)ulous,  and  prod. icing  t!ic  necC'*  ta- 


pose  our-.cH'es  to  no  deception.  We  kiion}  that 
these  advertisemeiits  s/»<?«fc  of  tidn^'n  tliat  ari^.  Vv'e  I 
have  here,  indeed,  merely  a  specimen  of  wh:i.'  i-;  go-  j 
ing  on.  Out  of  three  or  four  hundred  American  i 
newspapers,  f  have  received  andcpioted.  from  onlv  a-  i 
bent  eightor  nine.  What,  then,  must  the  whole  (if, 
them  present?  Besides,  we  are  not  iosup;)o>e,  (hat  j 
aqnirter  part  of  the' factories  and  giods,  &c.  Sec. 
ai'ft  mention i-d  hi  anv  paper  at  all.  So  that,  wh.il  j 
■we  h':'.ve  iie:-e  is  a   mere  sppcimen;  but,  it    is    quiiej 


jclieve,  slnt  .at  more  partri  iges  than  there  wei-e  Kti- 
o-'isli  and  Kiinoverijn  sddiers  sen;  a.^ii'i'it  .\  neric.'i 
duiing  liie  htr.f  war.  Wh-.it  was  my  surprize  at  see- 
ing (for  hero  I  redly  see  it)  a  cotton  raaniuaclory 
upon  the  fenncpacl:  on  t!\c  (?Uotic!on  turnpike  road 
and  in  a  po|)iiloas  ntiglihoriujo  1!  '  fifteen  years  ago,. 
there  w-.s  not  a  turnpike  r)a'!,  and,  .".s  fiU'  as  I  c.  i 
recollect,  iiere  were  bat  elovc-'  hfs'.i:.."  of  all  :vy.-\  . 
v/i  liin  a  i.iiieoi"  .iie  soot  lierc  d -sc^uhe.-l.  Twi-ti^i.vi 


„  ,,  ..  ,  .     ,  i.s  on  trie  i'-. el,  after  rising;-   '  le  all  froni    the  <  -.rek: 

suffir^.ent  to  enable  us  to  torm  a  sotmd  judgment  up-,  _^,^^^  ^  h2\M,-e.  t!.c  p.-mcip  1  p.u-t  of  tiic  land  o^^.  i,  nh 
on  the  Bubject.  j  ^i^g,  .,.-,.^^,  road,  are  ownudbv  mv  friend  'IWimas 

That  I  hxve  fabricated  these  advertisements  i^  not !  /''"''•  i^^"  '"^^'^  "i'^f"'''  ■}  ^^  •:'^''^'  ^'=- j^^'  •''"'^  f'^ 
to  be  be'ieved.  I  could  not  have  invented  si  m  mv  ;  ''>e::evolcnt  an.l  puOUn-spnited  man.  He  tvas  about. 
names,  d  ites,  and  circumstances.  Be.i  :es,  I  nut  ;h  ^  j  '^'^  ^'■^'"  *  .■"•^""^-''""^  ^''''eu  f  came  away;  btit_  his 
name  and  date  of  e;ich  narticular  ne.vspaner;  if-'O.vn  coiitamei  only  n.s  oxyn  noises,  a  tavern  wnich 
falsely,  I  am  exposed  to   detection  on  both   sides  o^'  ^'"^^  '^^7  't  l^''^?'^  '"'"'^  '^■"*:^'  ^^  ''-  ,  ^'^'^^  \^  =^  .'V^'^ 

the  water,  many  of  the  papers  being  in  other   hands   T'  ''"'^'^  ^"''"''^^'  \ '"','''  "^  *'"f    ""'f  T 

in  England,  as  well  as  mine.  Xo:  the  advertisements   ^et,  ^-e  see.  n.ot  oaly  dKit  t  icre  nattnis  p  nceacot- 
must  be  genuine;  and  thev  form  one  of  those  masses  1  ton  manutac  ory,    but  a  populous  ncug'.bnrnood     C-i- 
of  presumptive  evidence,  which  is  preferable  to  any  I  p:<ble  of  supp.ying  it  widi  hands.  Before  i  n.ve  rione. 

positive  proof  upju  earth.  •  I  ^.  ^'^^^l^  ^.''"^  >'^"  '"'J  ^"?'''^   ^f^^^  "P  i'\  Amorjcx 

*  "^  '  Thus  It  IS  that  men  sourish  and  increase  in  a  sou  01 

Your  lordship  will  soon  see,   that,  in  some  of  the!  freedom.     Takin.?  it  for  granted,  that  you  will  be- 

advertisements,  American  goods  and  English  goo'li  |  lieve  tnese  details  ab^mt   ii  istleton  an>l  the  Pcnne- 

bo  h  are  offered  for  sale.     I  >.rishe  I    >  le.tve  e.ici  .id-  i  pack  to  be  true,  seeing  Uia.,  if  false,  I  esonse    m.  - 

vertisement  entire,  just  as  I  found  it.     I  iiave  only  |  self  '.othcconemiit  of  all   America,  }  shall  now  pro^ 

further  to  observe  here,   reserving  my  further  re-i  ceel,  wichout  interruption,  to    the  insertion  of  the 

marks  til;  bv  and    bv,   that  1  iuive   not  thought    iti  adve.-tisc  nenU . 

necessary  to"  follow  anv  particular  order  in    placing}      [Mr.  Cibbelt  here  i.itroduces  at  f  dl  length,  Mr- 

the  several  advertisements.     Tnev  are  placed  in  the   tij-riiflu  advertisements,  from  v.uuu.is  \inerican  pa 

order  in  which  they  happened  to  "fall  under  my  scis-|  pers,  otfering  immense  quantities  ofdomestic  goods 

sars.     Tney  form,  as  they  stand  here,  an  undigested   for  sale,  and  respecting  manufactories  of  steam  en- 


mass  of  evidence;  but,  it  is  evidence  of  tiiat  sort,  giies,  the  erection  of  steam  mUls,  roi  l.s,  canals,  &cr. 
ivhicU  is  impossible  to  fail  of  producitg  conviction.!  e;v.iii)i;i;ig  a  miss  of  evidence  of  tnc  great  and  rap- 
Attention,  in  the  perusal'  is  all  that  is  wanted.  I,  id  in<n-ease  of  m  mufact  ires,and  the  use  of  macliine- 
shall  number  the  advertisements  for  the  sake  of  rv,  in  every  part  of  t^c  union.— Tie  advertimgrne-it^ 
more  e.isy  ref'^renpe  in  my  subsequent  rem^rki.         1  liU  several  page's  oi  (?9obett,'s  register.]- 


69 


SUPPI.EMENT  TO  NILEl>*  REGISTER— GOBBETT'S  LETTEilft, 


Here,  my  lord,  I  close  my  extracts.  It-istend  of 
ih,' ft II -nine,  I  could  liave  made  tlie  immber  100  or 
more.  (Jul,  not  beinij  neccss:<ry  to  any  rational  pur- 
pose, I  :i;ive  dccliried  miJwing'  the  list  any  Ioniser. 
And,  now,  Jciiving  your  lordship  to  puiise  for  a 
\viuienn<l  1,0  ruminate  over  tlicse  indispiU:,bie  f..cts, 
as  tney  lie  heaped  up  before  }ou,  1  will,  in  n)y  next 
letler,  endeavor  to  snow  you  tliey  apply  tome  sul)- 
ject  oi  our  dibcu^sion.  laii>  your  most  obedient  ser- 
vant, 

WM.  COBBETT. 

LETTER  TV. 

Intended  to  show,  that  .so  extensive  is  the  g-ro~oth  of 
Jhner'ican  ivool,  that  some  nf  that  vjool  i'  expo'  ted  to 
Rngland,  and  :,hat,  tlwugh  the  importation  of  -mouI 
is  great  in  proportion  to  ilte  wh  le  tjiiaiUity  usfil,  to 
iinposse  a  ax  upon  imp>^rtu:ion  xvonld  be  injurious  to 
t.'if  conury. 

My  LoiiT) — In  proceeding"  to  upply  to  the  sub- 
ject before  us  the  matter  contained  in  my  last  letier, 
I  inu.i  beg-  your  lordship  to  observe,  tliat  it  is  not 
0!il\  proved,  iliat  almost  every  sort  of  manufactory 
Av:,s  going- on  in  Atnerica  durinsj  the  war;  bu:  tlia.. 
as  apppara  from  the  date  of  many  of  the  a.lverUse- 
me:rs,  if  not  from  all  of  tiiem,  they  were  neitiier 
drop])ed,  ror  likely  to  be  either  discontiiiued,  or, 
ai)parejr  ly,  10  be  rendered  lesj  active,  by  tlie  peace; 
hU  tiie  advertisements  bcin;-  dated  after  the  peace 
was  pioclajmed  in  America,  and  many  of  them  in 
the  mon  h  of  May. 

You  see,  in  No.  33j  tliat  supfar  and  indigo  are  pro- 
duced on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  and  in  tlie  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States;  yo'i  know  that  cotton  is 
one  of  tlie  j^reat  staple  commodities  of  Carolina  and 
Geor[;-ia;  that  tobacco  is  the  native  of  \iri^iiii.«;  you 
see  that  hemp  and  fl;ix  ai-e  larq;-ely  cuhiva  ed  and 
manufactured;  you  know  that  Indian  corn,  the  culti- 
vation of  which  cliaracterizes  the  faire.'^t  and  richest 
pan  oj  Europe,  and  is  the  criterion  of  fertile  soil 
and  g-oud  climate,  is  produced  in  abimdance  through- 
out the  wjiole  country,  fninteen  hundred  miles  in 
len!i;-iii;  you  know  tliai.  limber  is  every  wrieie  in  abun- 
dance; you  see  that  salt,  iron,  lead,  copper,  and  coal 
mines,  are  tiiere,  and  stone,  and  m..rbie,  and  slate 
quarries;  you  see,  that  machinery  of  evej'y  sort,  and 
w<jrked  by  every  kind  of  power,  is  in  motion;  and 
have  you  still  the  expectation,  or  the  nope,  that 
America  is  dependent  on  England  for  the  means  of 
tillinef  iier  lind,  clothing'  Iter  people,  or  furnishing 
her  dwelling's,  or  fiiflring-  her  enemies.'' 

But,  the  objects  more  immediately  before  us  are 
"wool  and  ivooUens.  I  have  shown,  I  rhink,  pre.ty 
clearl\ ,  tliai  ihere  is  no  reason  I0  expect  your  iioped 
for  extraordinary  demand  for  English  wool  trom  tiie 
change  of  affairs  in  E>irope.  And  on  whai  does  diat 
hope  resi  wlien  you  look  at  Americ...''  No.  II.  shows 
you  that  Merino  sheep  are  in  flocks  in  America. 
And,  observe,  that  Pennsylvania,  a  very  few  years 
ago,  had  scarcely  any  sheep  of  any  sort.  The  states 
to  the  northward,  according  to  Mr.  Livingston's  ac- 
count, abound  much  more  in  sheep  of  all  sorts.  No. 
XIV.  shows  you  that  wool,  in  all  its  varie'ies,  is  a 
great  article  of  commerce;  and  No.  XVT  shows  you, 
noi  only  that  wool  is  a  great  article  of  commerce, 
but  that  it  is  sent  from  America  .0  be  sold  in  E.ig 
land!  You  see  here,  that  there  are  merchan  s,  wlio 
take  consignments  of  wool  with  orders  to  ship  10 
England;  and  this  is  at  B3s.on;  noi  at  New  York, 
wtich  state  Mr.  Livingston  belongs  to  and  lesides  in. 
I  know,  that  several  cargoes  of  American  fine  woo; 
were  sent  to  England  more  \:han  four  years  ago.  I 
saw  ihe  samples  myself  But,  this  advertisemen 
Vllicti  proves  tUc  irequeacy  of  the  tlwng,  h  worUi 


the  personal  observation  and  testimony  of  a  hiindrei 
■vvitne.sses  sworn  upon  the  gosi)els. 

Now,  my  lord,  when  I  come  to  tre.at  of  the  ex- 
tent to  v.hich  A.nericaii  manufaciures  will  be  carried 
in  peace,  and  which  will  depend,  perhaps,  in  a  great 
measure,  upon  the  laws  that  shall  be  passed  tiiere,  I 
shall  spc.-k  with  great  difudencc;  becau.se  the  sub- 
ject, on  the. score  of  foreign  policy,  as  well  as  on  the 
sco.e  of  internal  prosperity,  demands  an  extent  of 
knowledge  as  to  the  whole  of  the  intere.iis  of  that 
comnuuiity,  which  it  woidd  be  presumjition  in  me, 
or  in  any  man  not  upon  the  spot,  ti)  pretend  to  pos- 
se.-,s.  But,  with  regard  to  the  cap.icity  of  America 
to  f^row  wool,  and  export  it  to  England,  I  can  speak 
with  nearly  as  much  confidence  as  I  nhould  upon  her 
capacity  to  send  us  cotton  or  tobacco. 

That  the  soil  of  America  is  fertile  is  well  known; 
and,  it  has  now  been  proved,  that  it  is  well  adapted 
to  tlie  breeding  and  keeping  of  sheep.  It  lias  been 
proved,  because  such  numerous  flocks  alreadv  exist. 
The  only  question,  then,  is,  whether  the  American 
farmer  can  grow  wool  cheaper  than  the  English  far- 
mer, and,  from  that  cause,  can  afford  to  sell  it  at  a 
lower  price.  Lower  it  must,  be  sold,  in  order  to  open 
a  niaiket  for  it  liere,  because  ii  musi  come  loaded 
wi'.n  the  charges  of  freight  and  other  expenses, 
from  which  our  wool  is  exempted.  The  price,  at 
which  the  American  farmer  does  sell  wool,  1  have 
nothing  to  prove;  but,  I  know,  that  the  price  of 
wheat  is  the  criterion,  whereby  to  judge  of  the 
price,  at  winch  he  can  afford  to  sell  wool.  Now,  we 
see  from  No.  XXXV III.  that  the  price  of  wheat  is 
one  dollar  and  twenty  cents  a  bushel.  Tnat  is  to  say, 
a  dollar  and  a  fifth.  Cull  it  six  shillings  of  our  mo- 
ney. Tliis  is  at  Pittsburg;  bu.  it  must  be  a  p'-etty 
f  dr  average.  If,  then,  oiu-  farmers  are  sinkhig  ino 
rum  with  wheat  .^t  nine  shillings  a  l>u,^l>el  ii  isclear 
.liat  tlie  produce  of  tne  earth  can  be  rai.;cd  one-third 
che.iper  diere  than  it  car.  here.  A  tliird,  or  i^2  1-3 
per  centum,  will,  I  snould  suppose,  arnplv  meet  all 
cnarges  on  a  raw  material  like  wool.  So  that,  at  this 
momcn.,  with  our  low  prices,  om*  ruinous  prices,  the 
the  American  farmer  can  meet  us  in  ottr  o>vn  market, 
even  in  the  infancy  of  his  flocks. 

But,  we  must  not  stop  here.  V/e  cannot  stop 
liei(.  Produce  must  ri.->e  in  England,  or  he  taxe*; 
cannot  be  paid. — Wit  eat  cannot  stand  at  nine  siiil- 
lings  a  btistiel. — Ujjon  ;m  average  of  tiie  last  ten 
years,  it  has  been  twelve  shillings  a  bushel;  and,  to 
enable  us  to  pay  the  taxes,  it  must  go  even  higiiei* 
than  dial.  Wool,  However,  must  keep  an  even  pace 
with  the  wheat,  or  wool  will  not  be  grown;  and,  how 
is  it  to  keep  that  pace,  if  imporLations  of  "untaxed" 
woi  1  be  permitted,  without  a  tax  imposed  on  it 
herei" 

"Well,"  you  will  say,  "and  do  I  not  recommend 
the  taxing  of  foreign  wool?"  Yes;  but,  what  would 
that  etiecti'  \\h\,  just  as  much  evil  to  the  manufac- 
turers ot  cloth,  as  good  to  growers  oi  wool?  Indeed, 
in  the  end,  it  would  be  air  evil  to  tiie  former  as  wel). 
as  to  the  latter. 

But,  before  I  proceed  io  show  to  what  extent  your 
proposed  measure  would  affect  the  manufactures,  it 
is  necessary  to  make  a  few  observations  as  to  the  re- 
lative quantity  of  wool  grown  and  wool  imported. 
Yo  I  say,  that  of  wool  imported,  the  quantity,  in 
1789,  was  2,660,828  lbs.  and  that  in  1814  it  rose  up 
to  the  appalling  quantity  of  15,712,517  lbs.  I  dare 
say  thai  this  statement  is  correct;  because  you  had 
the  actual  account  of  imports  10  refer  to.  As  to  th« 
quantity  of  wool  grown  in  the  country,  it  is  impossi- 
ble for  any  one  to  state  it  with  any  thing  like  precir 
jion.  The  wool  is  not  taxed;  neither  the  grower- 
Qor  t^idWer,  nor  the  immttfacturer  h  compelled  tx» 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— COBBETT^S  LETTERS. 


61 


'Seep  or  reiuler  an  account  of  it.  Yet,  a  writer  in 
the  Courier  of  ilie  3.1i  ii»>t..  says  liiat  "your  lorcblup 
Dnist  be  well  ac.,u..iinfed  with  \he  amount  of  if, 
Tviiici.,  so  lon^-  sir.ce  as  18U9,  was  19i,000,U00  lbs." 
Hence  he  is  ied  <o  i  iilic.ile  your  alann  at  the  im- 
portation of  15.712,517  l;«s.  in  a  year. 

I"  this  stater,. e-.t  oi  -he  quantity  of  the  home 
jrrowtli  were  cun-ect,  your  proposed  tax,  would,  in- 
deed, havenol'iiin.-r  in  it  very  serious  to  tlie  manufac- 
turers. Rut,  besides,  ;li,it  il  is  next  to  impossible 
lliut  anv  one  should  be  ..hie  to  come  at  tiie  amount 
©f  tlie  home  {growth,  mis  statement  s  o  monstrous 
as  to  shock  even  t!:e  credulity  tiat  gives  a  ciu-rency 
to  Moo!  e's  alman:xk.  This  gentleman  has  heard  of 
mir.ions  so  iin  .ccount  bie,  that  l>e  thinks  nothing  O'' 
hund  eds  of  niiiii)ns.  The  .iverage  weij^ht  of  a 
sheet's  fleece  is  i'nwr  ponrds,  consequen'.ly  there 
must  be  48,000,000  ol  siieep  in  .he  country,  slinrne 
very  \  ear,  or  4  1-2  to  every  iiuman  being,  including 
the  cilies  and  towns.  Ewes  are,  on  an  average,  kil- 
led :.t  four  }eyrs  old,  we  iiers  at  three,  and  lambs  at 
l<)ur  months.  Tiiey  are,  t'len,  killed  on  an  average 
at  :wenty.iiine  months  old.  Tlicy  live  one  \ear  be- 
fore they  yield  any  wool.  Titus,  for  every  sheep  tliat 
is  sfiorne,  there  is  one  killed  in  every  seventeen 
month.i.  So  that,  including  a  fraction,  there  must  be 
killed  every  ve.ir,  84,000  000  of  sheep  and  lambs; 
©r,  .3  1-2  to  encii  iiunnn  being,  man,  woman,  and 
ehild,  paupers,  g>  p  ica,  felons  and  all.  T;ie  average 
"weight  of  s'neep  is  about  sixty  poimds,  and  of  lambs 
about  thirtx  -■^ix  poimd' .  Tne  number  of  sheep  kil- 
led far  exceeds  liat  of  lambs.  But,  suppose  the 
average  weigot  to  be  fiftv  poun  Is.  Tlien,  there  is 
^r  each  iumian  being  one  liundred  and  sevent\-five 
poumis  of  mutto;i  in  a  year,  or  ver}-  nearly  half  u 
poui.d  a  dav,  fvv  beggars,  paupers,  babies  and  all 
observe  But  this  i- not  all.  The  neat  cattle  nearly 
equal  the  sheep  in  amount  of  meat.  The  hogs  sur- 
pass the  shetp  in  this  respect.  So  that  liere  is  one 
and  a  h.alf  pounds  of  meat,  besides  fish  and  poultry, 
•very  dav  in  the  year  for  every  human  being,  sucking 
kabies  and  all.  wlien  i'  is  well  known,  that  millions 
of  even  the  fathers  and  mothers  do  not  tas  e  a  mor- 
sel of  animal  food  from  montli's  end  to  month's  end, 
and  sometimes  hardly  a  morsel  of  bread,  their  cliie. 
diet  being  tea  and  potatoes.  What  monsti-ous  ab- 
surdity! 

But,  tl  e  wool!  what  shall  we  do  with  the  wool.' 
Suppose  it  all  be  made  Into  the  .^hapeof  broad  cloth, 
and  that  each  yard  in  length  requires  three  pounds 
of  wool.  IL  would  not  require  so  much,  but  suppose 
it  did  Here  are  64  000,000  of  vards  in  lengtli,  and 
128,000,000  of  square  yards  of  cloth.  Tiiere  are  3,097, 
400  square  yards  in  a  square  mile.  Leaving  out 
fractions,  tJien,  Itere  is  cloth  enough  made  in  one 
year,  witliout  the  wool  impor  ed,  o  cover  ibrty 
square  miles!  The  very  skins  of  t'le  animals  would 
cover  ten  square  mile!  If  this  statement  weie 
correct,  the  idea  of  liiding  the  sun  with  a  blank- 
et would  not  be  so  very  abstu-d. 

We  have,  then  no  ineans  of  ascertaining,  with  any 
degree  of  exactness,  the  quality  of  tliehonte  growth. 
But,  it  is  rational  to  suppose,  that  the  15,000,000  of 
lbs.  imported,  aie  not  less  tiian  a. fourth  oi  the  wliole 
quantity  of  wool  manufactured  in  tlie  counry.  Tiie 
amount  of  all  the  woollens  exported  lust  year  was 
A5, 600,000  sterling;  and,  supj^ose   only  one  fourth  of 
the  woollens  have  been  sent  abroad,  leaving  three 
fourths  for  home  consumption,   the  whole  of  tiie 
manufactured    -luooUcns    would   have    amounted    to. 
i22,400,000   sterling.     If  w  e  allow  a  third  of  the  | 
cost  of  the  woollens  for  the  raw  material,  and  put  the  I 
wool  upon  an  average  at  3s.  sterling  a   pound,    we  \ 
S))9i\  5n(J  tUa;  the  whole  aiuoont  ot  ttio  wool  beiere ' 


it  was  manufactured  amounted  to  7,400,000  and 
.some  odd  pounds  .sterling,  and  that  t!te  whole  quan- 
tity ©fit  was  54,000,000  of  pounds  weight  which  is 
not  four  times  as  much  as  the  quantity  of  wool  import-- 
ed,  and  which  wool,  I  believe  is  nearly  all  of  the  fine 
(|U;dity. 

Whether  lam  wrong  In  my  supposition  that  not 
less  than  one  fourth  of  our  woollens  are  exported,  and 
tiiat  the  raw  material  amounts  to  not  more  than  one 
third  of  the  price  of  manufactured  goods,  I  mu.st 
leave,  as  I  do  with  gre.at  deference,  for  the  reader 
to  decide;  but  I  mu5:t  be  very  wide  Indeed  of  the 
mark,  if  the  quantity  of  wool  imported  does  not  bear 
a  proportion  of  at  least  a  sixth  in  value  to  the  whole 
of  home  growth. 

It  is  clear,  therefore,  my  lord,  that  tlie  importation 
of  wool  has  a  very  great  eiTecton  the  price  of  wool 
grown  at  home.  But,  lay  a  tax  upon  wool  imported, 
and  the  consequence  is,  a  rise  in  the  price  of  manu- 
factured woollens;  for,  to  suppose  as  you  appear  t» 
do,  that  the  manufacturer  does  not  now  and  always 
upon  an  average  oi'  ti-ansactions,  sell  at  as  low  a 
price  as  he  can  alibrd  to  sell;  to  suppose  that  ever- 
active  and  all-seeing  competition  is  not  sufficient 
upon  an  average  of  years,  to  apportion  with  the  most 
scrupulous  precision  the  profits  of  unfettered  trade, 
isa'notionso  well  known  to  belong  exclusively,  and 
of  rigSit  divine,  to  the  mob,  that  for  any  gentleman 
to  attempt  to  encroach  upon  it  is  to  set  at  open  de- 
fiance every  principle  of  justice  and  humanity. 

The  consequences  of  a  rise  in  the  jjrice  of  manu- 
factured woollens  would  be,  first,  a  diminution  in  the 
consumption  at  home,  unless  you  could  by  some  sort 
of  gipsy  conjuring  trick  convey  the  sums  into  our 
pockets  necessary  to  meet  the  rise  of  price.  The 
same  would  take  place  as  to  exports.  But  mucU 
more  might  take  place  as  to  oiu'  foreign  trade;  for,  if 
',  ou  were  to  prohibit  the  importation  of  wool  alto- 
gether, it  would  be  manufactured  abroad;  and  a$ 
price  is  the  great  and  true  and  everlasting  regulator, 
the  moment  wool  became  so  cheap  elsewhere  as  t» 
enable  other  countries  to  work  it  up  and  sell  it  at  a 
ower  price  than  we,  that  very  moment  would  the 
export  trade  disappear.  AVhat  is  true  as  to  total 
prohibition  is  true  as  to  prohibition  in  part.  Fop 
though  the  countries  sending  wool  hither  would  not, 
all  at  once,  begin  to  manufacture  their  own  sufficient- 
ly to  shut  out  our  woollens  entirely,  tiiey  would  d<* 
the  thing  by  degrees;  and  so  truly  would  the  prohi- 
bition operate  as  to  leave  not  a  fraction  unaceoimted 
for  in  the  effect. 

From  this  general  view  of  this  part  of  the  subject, 
I  should  now  proceed  to  the  particular  case  of  A- 
merica;  but,  1  must  postpone  that  till  my  next,  in 
which  I  hope  to  be  able  to  shew,  not  only  Uiat  no  tar 
ought  to  be  laid  upon  imported  wool,  but  that  tiia 
corn-bill  ought  to  be  repealed. 

I  amyoiu'  most  obedient  servant, 

AVM.  COBCETT. 

LETTER  V. 

Inteniled  to  show,  that  the  tituatioii  of  Ensiland  com- 
pared -with  thai  (f  America,  is  such,  and  tlie  indues^ 
inents  to  emigru'  ion  so  great,  that,  in  order  to  pre- 
sei~ije  onr  manufactures,   not  onlij  ought  there  to  be 
no  tax  upon  wool  imported,   but  that  the  corn  bill 
ought  to  be  repealed. 
Mr  LoKu — The  situation  of  England  compared 
with  that  of  the  United  States  of  America,  is  such 
as  to  induce  every  man  to  emigrate   to   tiiem,  who 
professes  an}'  degree  of  knowledge   in  the  making 
of  machinery  and  manufactures,  or,   indeed,   who 
possesses  enterpri:;3  in  any  art  or  science,  and  w^o 
is  not  bovi'j.ti  t.0  EmgJaJsJ   ^^  tigs,  w'ljicU  cwmot  b,e 


(5<? 


f^. 


bIFPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— GOBBETT'S  LETTER 


broken.  The  imTnb«i*  of  the  former  is  very  great. 
There  are  always  a  great  many  persons,  who  wisli  to 
better  tlieir  lot;  who  aspire  to  someihin^  more  than 
fortune  has  given  them.  And  tlie  number  of  these, 
jfi  agriculture  as  well  as  in  arts  and  manufactures, 
must  be  greater  now  than  ever,  seeing  the  general 
depression,  which  at  present  reigns  in  England,  witti 
tlie  most  gloomy  prospect  for  tlie  future. 

Taxes,  no  matter  by  what  part  of  the  community 
paid,  m  the  first  instance,  or  in  wiiat  shape  collect- 
ed, produce,  according  to  their  amount,  diminu- 
tion of  tlie  means  of  living  in  all  those  who  do  not 
share  in  them  after  they  are  collected.  The  mob,  boti'i 
i-iigh  and  low,  are  eternally  backing  on  the  govern- 
menT  to  tax  what  they  call  luxuries.  Just  as  if  the 
taxes  on  wearing  hair  powder,  on  armorial  bearings, 
and  on  sporting  dogs,  did  not  descend,  through  the 
haii'-'Jressers,  powder  makers,  seal-cutters,  dog 
breakers,  and  game-keepers,  to  the  bakers,  butchers, 
chandlers'  shops,  taylors,  shoemakers,  farmers  and 
laborers.  We  have  an  additional  tax  on  Batchelors . — 
"Oh!  aye!  lax  them  as  mucli  as  you  please,"  exclaim 
the  ripened  spinsters.  But,  my  good  ladies,  do  you 
Ihink  that  t'le  taking  away  ofapui't  of  their  fortunes 
vill  quicken  their  disposition  to  indulge  in  tliat 
greatest  of  all  luxuries,  of  a  wife?  Do  you  not  see, 
rather,  that,  v.  hat  was  taken  firimthebatchelor  pro- 
duces a  raniiiication  of  privaaoiis,  some  of  «'hich 
reach  even  you,  my  dears,  wjio  so  loudly  applaud  the 
tax?  Such  notions  as  these,  as  they  iiave  had  tlieir 
rise  amidst  a  belief  in  hob-goblins;  amidst  all  sorts 
and  sizes  of  superstition;  so  they  will  vanish  for 
c^-er,  when  common  sense  shall  indignantl\'  kick 
down  the  last  jug  of  holy  water,  and  scatter  the 
last  manuels  of  stupidity  and  deception  to  tiie  winds. 

Taxes  are  necessnry,  in  some  sluipe  or  another,  to 
pay  for  tlieir  services,  those  who  carry  on  the  public 
affairs,  in  which  I  include  IJie  business  of  the  public 
defence.  But,  if  they  are  carried  to  an  enormous  a- 
iiiount;  if  the  book-keepers,  the  overlookers,  Sec.  of 
.  ;■<  manufactory,  for  instance,  tske  awa}'  so  mncli  that 
d)e  working  jjcuple  are  leihiced  to  half  allowance; 
'lit- foi'iuer  ni;iy  cut  a  brilliant  figure,  buttiiec.in- 
ccjii  nr.ist  hmguish  iir.d decay;  and  liie  working  peo- 
ple will,  the  nionient  they  are  able,  endeavor,  by  a 
chi.Hge  of  ]jlace,  to  better  their  lot. 

This  is  the  state  in  whicii  England  now  is,  inchid- 
jiT?i'  amongst  the  working  people  all  those  wiio  re 
•  cive  no  share  of  the  taxes!  because  thev  v»lio  live 
'ipon  tlie  proceeds  of  their  private  iacomes  suffer 
Jii  t!ie  simie  degree,  according  to  their  wants,  as  the 
"ooi-est  laborer  suffers.  That  which  is  now  taken 
Vom  tlie  people  in  England  forms  so  large  a  part  of 
■  he  estates  and  labor  (including  that  of  professional 
r  len,)  thiit  every  one  feels  the  hardship  to  be  the  most 
)M-e3sing.  And,  we  all  know  besides,  that  this  pres- 
sure is  not  now  to  be  of  temporary  duration.  We  all 
know  now,  thai  tlie  pressure  is  to  last  for  ever,  un- 
less, which  is  little  less  appalling,  t!ie  burden  be 
biiaken  off  by  a  total  overthrow  of  tlie  funds. 

It  is  frequently  said,  with  what  folly  or  impudence 
"""e  ,sli;ill  soon  see,  that  the  trade  .and  n.avigation  o/ 
1  he  country   have  kept  pace  in  their  increase    witii 
t  Kitof  the  taxes.  Tue  best  w.iv  will  he,  not,  to  sho.v, 
bvrexsoning,  the  utter  absu;'dityof  this;  but  at  once 
to  e;o  tothegovernment'sown  documents,  laid  before 
urliaineut,  and  from  them  to  prove  its   falseiiood. 
'••1  order   to  take  aw.iy  all  pretexe  for  saying,  tiiat  I 
:•-  n  comparing  a  state  of  i>eace  with  a  state  of  war; 
''  i.it  1  am  reckoning  the  heavy  expences  of  the  pre- 
s  -'lit,  or  lateyeii's,  as  if  they  were  to  last  for  ever,  I 
^'ill  take  in  no   taxes  at  present,  but  such  as  are  to 
! .  ,t  for  ever.  That  is  to  say,  the  taxes  on  account  ofl 
Lj.e  debt,  the  capital  of  which,  as  all  the  world  now! 


sees,  never  can  be  paid  off,  or  diminished,  without  o 
Kpon^e,  Well,  then; 
Li  1789.     The  taxes  raised  on 
accovmt  of  the  debt 
amounted  to  -  ?  9,000,000 

In  1814. .  to  43,000,000 

Now,  if  the  exported  produc-  and  na.i.iufacturcs,^ 
if  the  imports,  and  irtl.e  number  of  men  a!id  boyx 
employed  in  the  mcrciiant  servire.  in  1814,  were 
nearly  five  times  as  great  as  in  1789,  I  should  be  rea- 
dy to  sa}-,  thougii  I  see  t!;e  pcojile  sinking  every 
where  under  the  taxes,  tliere  is  some  re.ison  to  doui)t 
even  the  evidence  of  my  own  senses.  Uat,  the  fol- 
lowing table,  whicli  1  l;<ke  from  '.he  ■iccount:;  l.ijd 
lielbre  parliament,  mid  for  the  correctness  of  whicii 
table,  I  am  answerable  in  the  e\  e.,  of  a  ptihllc  wiio 
have  these  authentic  document's  iii  tiuir  hands,  will 
show  wliat  sort  of  pace  the  trade  and  n:ivi;;-auoii 
have  kept  with  the  taxes  demanded  i>,-  tiK'  debt.  1 
iiave  taken  three  jjeriods;  but  wiih  ri'gard  to  the  iirsl 
period,  I  have  in  my  possession  no  airiounl  of  exijorts 
and  imports. 


YEARS. 


Taxes  raised  on  account  of  tlie 
Debt. 


Value  of  Exports  of  Uritish  Produce 
and  manufactures. 


>-'  to 

^13  00 

Value  of  Imports  Into  Great  Britain. 


Number  of  men  and  boy.s  eni])ioy."(l  in  I 
the  nierchunt  service  in  all  pans  oi'  tlie  ; 
British  dominions  j 


C  (J\ 


CO  c.  c. 

-1  — '  la 


N.  B.  The  account  of  exjxirts  roi-  18  '0,  embra- 
ced produce  and  maimfictures  oT  (i:ea'.  H 'i'ain  on- 
ly, while  that  for  1814,  inciu  led  tlio-.e  oi'lreiaiid  al- 
so. The  imports  from  Cliina  and  die  East  Indie* 
are  not  included  in  either  ye  ,i-,  becau.-,e  they  are 
omitted  in  the  account  for  1314,  in  wiiich  it  i.-i  sta- 
ted, that  the  time,  allowed  by  law,  for  presenting  an 
;.ccount  of  those  imports  was  not  arrived.  The 
merchant  seamen  include  many  thou.;aids  employed 
in  the  transport  service. 

Now,  to  m.akcgood  the  assertion,  tiwt  the  navi- 
gation and  trade  have  kcjit  p.ice  with  the  taxes  jiaid 
annually  on  account  of  the  debt,  from  1783  to  1814 
inclusive,  the  number  of  merch  lilt  seamen  In  1814r 
iLight  to  have  been  nearly  544,81J  instead  ori72,783. 
And  to  have  m  ide  good  the  s.tme  assertion,  as  rela- 
:ing  to  the  period  from  IS'DO  to  1314,  inclusive,  the 
exports  ought  to  have  am  vin'e-l,  in  tha  lit'.er  vear,  to 
•ailier  more  than  78,942,116.'  insteid  o('35, 002,167/. 
— and  the  inports  )Ug!it  to  have  amounted  to  rath» 
er  more  than  51,2S2,106A  insic.id  of  3J,091,8Ji;. 

This  shows  how  i.;-iioi'ant,  or  wnat  cheats,  those 
men  are,  who  would  persuade,  and  '.vlio  da  persu.ide, 
this  "im^t  thinking  nation  in  the  ivorld,"  that  the  a- 
bilityofthe  country  keeps  pace  witu  t;ie  demands 
of  the  government. 

Here,  however,  before  I  proceed  to  compare  6\i^ 
situation  with  that  of  America,  m  ist  observe^  tha^ 
a  deduction  ought  to  be  made  from  this  fearful  a. 
mount  0.1  account  tf  the  depreciatio;!  of  our  curren 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER^COSBETT'S  LETTERS. 


6^ 


ry.  '^Ve  pay  hi  pc.\iiv,  which  is  nQ\v,  in  fact  a  le.^^al 
Tender.  It  V.Mieti'ine.-i  rennires  more,  and  some- 
5;;;ics  less,  of  this  pipei-  to  buy  a  guinea,  as  buUiuii 
:,  move  or  less  plcww  in  the  market.  But  as  the  n- 
■iTifye  price  of  a  g-iiiiiea  of  full  weig'Iit  is  about  28,?. 
in  pripcr,  let  us  tfike  the  depreciation  at  a  third. — 
Tn'cn  we  pav  on  account  of  the  debt,  in  the  inonc. 
nf  irSD,  onlv  two-t!iirds  of 43,000,000/.  or  32,000,000 
i'-aviu[';oiit  the  thoi!.s;tnds.  But  this  is  more  than 
•  fhrcc  and  a  half  times  what  we  paid  on  accout  of 
rV^hl  in  1789;  ;did,  therefore,  for  the  navija^ation  lo 
i,,.ve  Icept  puce  witli  the  taxes  on  accoun;  of  debt, 
h;)iii  1~89  to  ISM  inclusive,  there  should  have  been 
:i  the  last  men; ion<-d  year,  381,367  merciiant  sea- 
u  n,  iiis'te.if!  ofl72.'c'86;  and,  if  wea  little  mend  the 
luiitici-  by  this  dcductioti,  wlr.ii  a  blow  do  we  give 
lo  tlie  concern  on  the  other  side?     For,  if  we  insist 

:    on  u  depreciation  in  tlie  paper  to  the  amount   of  a 

'■  ihird,  f^r  t!ie  sake  of  lig'hteninf^  the  burden  of  the 
•  .vfs.con->.m.on  honesty  calls  upon  us  to  deduct  a 
'.,i.-d  fro.ii  the  v.iiuo  of  tiie  linports  and  exports. 

Tims,  it,d.')es  not  sig-nify  how  much  we  turn  the 
IhinR-  about.'*  On  every  side  it  presents  a  perman- 
ent increase  of  burden  without  any  adequate  in- 
crease of  I'.bliitvto  S)ear:  liie  certain*y  of  tlie  decline 
tJms  f^!-,  of  present  distress,  and  the   most   gdoomy 

^    prospect  as  to  the  fut>ire. 

"^  Compared  with  this  situation  of  Eng-land,  how 
stands  that  of  America?  Rut  before  I  make  any  ob- 
bcrva'  ions  as  to  what  that  situation  is,  it  may  not  be 
:iiniss  to  remind  vou  of  what,  in  1783,  you  foretold 
b!ie  would  be.  Ta  that  year,  just  after  tiie  conclu- 
sion of  the  Ame.  ican  war,  your  lordjihip  wrote  a 
iiook,  the  three  principal  objects  of  wliicli  appeai-ed 
to  be,  U)  keep  up  the  spirits  of  Ins  majesty  under 
his  recent  loss  of  dominion;  to  keep  up  tiie  spirits 
of  the  nation  In  cau^ini;- them  to  believe,  that  Amer- 
ica was  not  ai'.dl  likely  to  become  a  manufacturing' 
and  fomuiercial  country,  or  a  naval  power;  but  that, 
in  order  to  prevent  the  latter  we  oug-ht  to    employ 

,    all  the  me.ms  in  our  pov>'er,  amonp  which  means  was 
the  wlthh.oldins^  of  all  protection  of  American    ves- 
sels/rf/./i'  t.'ii'  Biirbary  poivcm,  and   the   inducing:  of 
'.e  other  yreat  maj-ine  powers  to  do  the  same.* 

^Tielbllowin;,;'  has  beeiT  published  (August  19) 
in  the  London  iiewspapers,  a',  the  list  of  the  Ameri- 
can fieei,  employed  aprainst  the  Algerines 


Sliijifs. 

Guns. 

Commamicrs. 

Inde[)endence 

74. 

Com.  Hainbridge, 

AVashington 

rK 

Chauncey, 

(iuerrieie 

44, 

IJecatur, 

Java 

44, 

(Japt.  Periy, 

.Macedonian 

38, 

Jones, 

Constellation 

36, 

(Gordon, 

(Jongress 

36, 

Morrii, 

Ontario  (ship  from 

-} 

Holland) 

5 

18. 

Elliott, 

Krie 

18, 

Ridgely, 

Epervlcr  (brig^ 

18, 

Downes, 

Fire  i'ly 

18. 

Rodtj^ers, 

Boxer 

16, 

Porter, 

(;hippawa 

16. 

Reed, 

Suran.ic 

16, 

Elton, 

l-'iambeau 

16, 

Nicholson, 

Sp.rk 

16, 

Gamble, 

SpilfnC 

14, 

Dallas, 

Torch 

14, 

Chauncey, 

Lyr.x 

H', 

Storer 

N.  r..  tt.  \v(iB  .>liited  in  the  London  prints  about 
three  wteks  at^o,  that  our  prince  recent  had  iflade 
the  dev  of  Alg^iers  a  present  ofafrigate,  coinpleiely 
fitted  out  with  i  !;^'-g-ing',  ^mis.  See.  It  would  be  mor- 
tifying enoug-h  if  (his  should  have  been  the  iri;^'ate, 
wliich  commodore  Decatur  iij  said  to  htJtVC  captnrcjd 
fr»TTi  his  17^,(5  esty  of  Algiers. 


I  will  not  attempt  to  characterise  this  last  sentj. 
ment,  the  mind  that  could  have  given  birth  to  which 
must  have  received  appropriate  punishment  in  see- 
ing this  same  America,  not  asking  protection  from 
any  of  your  "great  maritime  powers:"  but  sending  a 
squadron  of  ships  of  war  across  the  Ailantic,  and 
chuslising  tlie  pifaie^,  as  far  as  regards  lier,  into  a 
submission  to  the  principles  of  humanity. 

America  has  taxes  and  a  debt  too.  But,  tlils  is 
not  a  debt  that  must  necessarily  last  forever,  or  be 
wiped  off  with  a  sponge.  It  is  a  debt,  at  ihis  time 
of  27,000,000/,  sterling,  or  108,000,000  of  dollars. 

The  capital  of  our  debt  (of  Creat  Britain,  for  Ire- 
land has  her  debt  too,  in  an  equal  proportion.)  is  now 
a  thousand  millions,  laying  aoide  odd  hvmdreds  of 
thousands,  and  out-standing  debt.  Sdppo^e  our 
population,  even  now  that  tiie  foreigners  are  all  gone 
away,  to  be  ten  millions,  here  is  a  debt  of  lobz.  a 
soul,  taking  in  babies,  paupers,  gipse\s,  beggars^ 
soldiers,  sailors,  seapoys,  prisoners  in  jails,  and  con- 
victs on  boanl  the  hulks;  yea  all,  from  those  who 
feast  on  strawberries,  at  five  guineas  a  pint,  down 
to  the  troops  of  ragged  and  squalid  wretches,  whose 
Sunday^s  dinner  consists  of  rump.s  and  burri  from 
die  skinners,  or  of  bullock's  liver  from  the  sl.iuglr- 
ter  house.  Tlie  population  of  Ainei  ica  is  now,  t<i 
your  great^  surprise,  eight  millions,  and,  therefore, 
the  capital  of  her  debt  amounts  to  not  cptiteS/.  1(^, 
a  soul.  Whether  the  skinners  and  tanner.s  in  tliat 
country  have  now  any  customers  for  the  fragmeni.s 
oi  flesh,  that  have  been  left  by  the  buicher,  is  more 
than  I  can  say;  but,  if  she  adopt  our  poor  system  of 
laws,  and  couple  with  the  institution  a  suitable  pro- 
portion of  cant;  if  she  suffer,  in  any  degree,  howev- 
er small,  tiie  quantity  of  relief  of  the  distressed  to 
be  regulated  by  the  quantity  of  godliness  professed 
by  the  object  of  that  relief;  if  siicdoes  this,  or,  in  tire 
most  trifling  degree,  lean  towards  it,  she  will  soon 
find,  that  a  premium  tor  misery  and  hvpocrisy  will 
oparate,  as  all  odicr  premiums  do,  to  increase  tiie 
qiiaiiti'y  of  that  on  winch  it  is  bestowed.  Slie,  when 
it  is  too  late,  will  fi  id,  to  her  sorrow,  tiiat  fieshy  bits 
of  skin,  and  siicep's  troUers,  and  bullock's  liver,  are 
not  ihings  lo  be  thrown  totlicdogs.  li  lier  people 
sliould  live  lo'sec  tliat  day;  iitiiey  should  live  to  see 
the  pauperism  established  by  law,  they  will  see  all 
hospitality,  all  real  c!iarit\'  vanisii;  all  tlie  paiernai, 
and  fiii;d,  and  fraternal  oiKcesof  liie  exclianged  for 
those  of  tlie  poor-house;  ai!<l,  instead  of  an  erect  and 
independent  race  oi  laborers,  proud  of  their  rights, 
andlibe.ties,  tiiey  will  see  a  crawling,  fawning,  can- 
ling  herd,  knowing  not  tlie  meaning  of  such  words, 
and,  like  the  beasts  of  tlie  field,  caring  f  )r  rntlnny* 
but  the  satisfying  of  their  luiiiger,  without  the  stnal- 
leiit  regard  as  to  tlie  means,  litlie  peO'ile  of  Amer- 
ica should  live  to  see  tliat  day;  if  they  .sliould  l)e  so 
foolisli  as  to  draw  over  them,  ihough  by  slow  de- 
grees, this  blistered  shirt,  they  will  wlsii,  that,  as  in 
the  days  of  llieir  hold  and  iiardy  forefathers,  their 
country  were  a  iiowiing  wiiderneis. 

flowevcr,  as  yet,  this  greatest  of  all  calamiiie^ 
lias  not  made  any  very  considerable  progress  in  A- 
merica,  and  it  will  be  the  fault  of  the  jieople  if  it 
ever  doe.s.  Tliere  wre  no  common  beggars,  no  gyp- 
sies, i'ew  soldiers  b\  profes.slon,  at  present  few  un- 
productive sailors,  no  seapoys,  the  prisoners  inj.iils 
are  ii:\<\  mtwe.  in  Imlks.  But,  be  there  wliat  tliey 
may  of  these  several  descriptions  of  pei-sons,  the 
capital  of  the  delit  of  Atnerica  amounts  lo  only  I'.k 
pounds  stc.  ling  ;i  soul,  wiiile  that  of  ours  amounts  to 
.iiore  than  100  pounds  sterling  a  soul. 

Let  us  now  »i.e  the  progress  of  tiie  debt  in  A'ner- 
ica.  The  latter  liad  the  niist'orlune  to  start  wu!i  a 
deiit;  to  set  out  in  the  world  with  a  debt  upon  her 
back.     It  ff"^  aniiiformne,  and|  a  yet-y  *wti.  .t-.  m  •>, 


}^%        SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— COBBETT ''3  LETTERS. 


because  it  give  rise  t«  a  spii'it  of  speculation,  of  ad- 
Tcnturc,  of  gambling-,  which  has  been  producuve  oi 
lasting  and  very  mischievous  effects.     The  debt,   at 
tiie  outset,  or   in  1790,  amounted   to   seveniy-two 
tnillions  of  dollars,  and,  before  the  last  war,  it  was 
reduced  to  fort)  millions  of  dolhu-s.     That  War  has 
brought  it  up  to  one  luimlred  and  eight  millions  of 
dollars,  or  twenty  seven  millions  sterling.     But,   in 
flie  mean  while,  she  has  purchased  Lonisi'ma,   so  ne- 
eessary,  as  we  have  seen,  from  the  afluir  at  Nesv-Or- 
ieans,  to  her  secui-ity.     And,  she  has,  some  how   or 
other,  got  a  pretty  tolerable  navy,   which,  as  expe- 
rience has  proved,  is  not  less  necessary  to  that  secu- 
rity.    I  am  aware,  that  she  must  keep  augmenting 
this  n  ivy.     She  will  now  see,  that  her  bare  existence, 
as  an  independent  nation,  depends  upon  her  having, 
at  the  end  of  even  five  years,  a  navy  of  at  least  thirty 
ships  of  the  line,   with   a  proportionate  number  of 
vessels  of  war  of  an  inferior  size.     The  notion,  that 
it  was  her  true  policy  to  keep  out  of  the  European 
quarrels  miist,  by  this  time,  be   exploded.     It  war. 
wise  to  wish  it;  but  wishes  and  possibilities  are  dif 
jffercnt  things.     She  sees  what  jealousy,  what  envy, 
what  hatred  arising  from   foreboding  fears,  she  has 
inspired.     She  is  not  to  be  deceived  by  the  fawning 
professions,  which,  for  temporary  convenience,  deep 
rooted  enmity  may  assume.     Slie  knows  that  her  na- 
vy is  in  the  infant  hercules,  and  that  it  must   make 
liaste  and  grow,  or  be  strangled  in  the  cradle:     Slie 
knows  how  easily  quarrels  are  hatched,  when  people 
have  a  mind  to   quarrel.     Knowing  all  tiiis,  and  a 
great  deal  more  that  might  be  mentioned,  she  will 
not,  in  peace  neglect  one  moment,  to  be  well  prepa 
red  for  her  defence,  and  thereby  jireventing,  ii'  pos- 
sible, the  recurrence  of  war.     She  cannot   hide  her 
situation  from  the  world.     She  cannot  go  on  grow- 
ing  populous   .'uid  commercial    in  a  corner.     The 
world  sees  what  she  will  be,  if  siie  be  lefi  quiet:  and 
lliercfore  she  may  as  well  begin  to  prepare    without 
any  attempt  at  disguise.     And  all  this  the  American 
government,  and  the  American  people,  know  as  well 
as  I  know  tliat  I  am  now  writing.     I   most  ardentl\ 
wish,  that  there  may  never  more  be  war  between 
England  and  America;   that  the  people  of  the  two 
comitries  may  never  more  be  engaged  in   .shedding 
«:!cli  other's  blood;  that  the  rivalship  may  in  fuuire 
consist  in  the  arts  of  peace  and  in  acts  of  hospitality 
and  benevolence.     But,  without  reference  to  pariic- 
Xilar  foreign  coimtries,  it  is  certain,  that,  for  Ameri- 
ca to  have  a  chance  of  remaining  at  peace,  for  any 
length  of  time,  she  must  be  well  armed,  and,  in  a^l 
respects,  jirepared  for  war. 

This  navy  will  be  a  considerable  expense;  but  if  it 
"were  to  cost  fifty  millions  of  dollars  in  the  space  of 
five  years,  how  amply  would  that  cost  be  conip  nsa- 
ted  by  the  preventing  of  a  war  with  any  power  in 
Europe?  Yet,  even  this  expence,  wliich  I  grant 
must  be  incurred  to  render  tlie  coumry  safe,  would 
carry  the  taxes  to  a  mei-e  trifle  compai-ed  with  ours, 
und  would,  besides,  be  met  by  a  more  than  propor- 
tionate increase  of  population,  trade,  navigation,  and 
all  the  other  sources,  whence  taxes  are  drawn. 

How  able  America  is  to  accomplish  this  grand 
O'bject,  and  to  pa}' the  interest  of  her  debt,  and  even 
to  clear  it  quite  ofl",  at  the  same  time,  will  appear 
upon  comparing  the  increase  of  population  and  com- 
merce with  that  of  her  d^bt. 

My  materials  for  doing  this  are  not  so  ample  as  1 
'>-.ould  wish;  but,  I  think,  they  are  sufficient  for  the 
purpose.  In  1790  the  debt  ofAmericawas  sevent\ 
<  wo  millions  of  dollars,  her  population  less  tl>:m  four 
itJillions;  r.wd  her  exports,  domestic  and  foreign, 
nineteen  millions  of  dollars  in  amount.  In  1800,  lier 
populjiU<7n  e5«e«^«d  6YeiuiUi«v»f  h^  ^exports  sist\ 


nine  millions;  and  lier  debt  was  82  millions  of  dollaM 
she  having  in  tiie  me  n  vvnile,  bull  ,  fiaed  ou.,  ..nd 
manned,  several  frigates  and  o'her  siiips  oi  wax.  In 
1810,  lier  population  rose  to  more  than  seven  mil- 
lions, and  her  debt  sunk  down  to  less  than  six  y  mil- 
lions ol  dollars,  owin:^'  to  cadses  resembling  %vaf. 
Now  her  population  must  exceed  eigh^  millions;  her 
debt  amounts  to  one  hundred  und  ei;vh  millions;  but, 
then,  she  has,  duiius''  the  Us  period,  purc:iased  Low 
isiana  and  acquired  a  navy  of  81  i'ipa  of  war.  Waat 
slse  win  naturally  be,  at  the  end  of  a  few  years,  \ 
must  leave  your  lorlisip  o  lay;  bu'  wiat  sne  is  aov, 
compared  with  what  she  iias  been,  the  followin.;'  •a- 
blewill  oartb,  clearlv  show. 


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N.  B.  The  popida'ion  of  1815  is  computed.  The 
increase  from  1810  to  1815  is  supposed  to  have  bee« 
hulf  as  great  as  that  of  18:>0  to  1810.  ^The  cause  of 
the  falling  off  in  the  exports  from  1800  to  1810  was> 
the  sort  of  half  war  that  was  going  on  at  the  latter 
period.  Our  orders  in  council  had  produced  thenon- 
importaiion  and  embargo  measures,  which,  coursQ) 
diminished  the  exports  b}-,  probably  nearh'  one  half/ 

Without  preiending  to  ascertain  and  to  state  pre* 
cisely  what  theexporcsoi'  the  United  Slates  now  in 
ntiotuit  to,  it  is  very  clear  tliat  the  capacity  of  Aai^ 


&UP?LEMEXT  TO  NILE8'  REGISTER— BRITISH  RATIONS. 


65 


ica  to  bear  has  far  exceeded  any  increase  in  the  de- 
mands ofthe  g-oveinment.  Her  exports  of  domestic 
produce  and  inunufactures  c:in,  at  this  ■hne,  Kanlly 
ainount  to  less  than  sixty  millions  of  dollars,  or  fif- 
leen  millions  of  pounds  sterling-;  so  that,  if  we  re 
gard  (as  our  ministers  aUvajs  pretend  to  do)  tlic  a- 
mount  of  exports  as  the  criterion  ofthe  capacity  to 
pay  the  interest  of  debt  and  other  taxes,  liereis  A- 
mcricuwltl)  fifieen  millions  of  exports  and  an  inter- 
est of  debt  of  1,357,982/;  and  Great  Rritida  with  :\n 
export  (including- li-eland)  of  36,000,000  and  inter- 
est of  dtlu  of  43,000,000^. 

Rui,  lei  us  put  America  in  the  worst  pn.ssibleli.^lit, 
in  order  to  build  uponni,thing-  in  tlie  way  of  conjec- 
ture. Let  us  take  lier  exports  now  to  be  more  than 
tliey  were  in  the  time  of  emburg-oes,  orders  in  coun- 
cil, &c.  Even  tlien  she  has  an  expor;  of  domestic 
produce  and  manufactures  of  nine  millions  of  po-and.-i 
\()  set  ag'::ints  our  thirt}'-six  millions.  Tims,  even  in 
this  worst  of  ;ill  possible  lights,  she  will  stand  com- 
pared with  Eng'hind: 

Export.  Interest  of  Debt. 

England— 36,092,167/ 41,000,000 

America—     9,080,000 5,431,930 

Having'  thus  put  tiie  matter  in  a  lig-ht  not  to  be 
misunderstood,  and  to  leave  no  possible  ^ound  for 
cavil,  1  venture  t«  ofter  as  an  opinion,  that   peace, 
which  will  infallibly  give  new  win?,s  to  American 
commerce  and  navigation,    will  clip  tiie  wings  oT 
Englisli  commerce  and  navigation.     Gi-eat  part  ot 
'u-h;»t  has  lately  swelled  out  the  latter,  consisted  of 
Transports  in  the  p;xy  of  the  nation,  and  did  in  no 
wise  whatever  belong  to  commerce,  and  form  no 
part  of  the  means   of  bearing  taxes.     We  ha\s  :d- 
leady  seen  crowds  of  sailors  going  to  the  admiralty 
lo  com]dain  of  want  of  employment.  They  have  been 
to  the  lord  mayor  of  London  on  the  same  errand!  As 
if  he  could  create  commerce!  As  if  he,  though  a  ve- 
ry loyal  man  could  find   work   for  them,  or  cause 
bread  to  decend  froi-n  ii,e  clouds.    Is  this  tJie  case  in 
America?     Oh  no!  Tisere  peace  makes    he  wharves 
full  of  business.    Every  man  and  thing  belonging  to 
the  sea  is  cidledfor  from  twenty  voices  at  once.  Ii  is 
Said  liiat  ill  order  to  procure  the  chance  of  employment 
for  our  native  sailors,   all  foreign  sailors  are   to  be 
sent  home.  Tliose  in  our  navy  may  be  thus  dis  ^osed 
of;  but,  a  law  must  be  passed  before  meicliants  can 
be  compelled  to  prefer  ours  before  foreigners;  and  a 
law,  too,  precisely  opposed  in  principle  to  tiie  law:, 
already  in  f()rce;   and,  even  in  c:ise  of  the  navy;  vio- 
lating the  principles  of  common  lustice,  seeing  t.!i,at 
cur  laws  make  British  subjects,  (as  far  as  rights  and 
privileges  go)  of  all  foreign  mariners  wlio  may  liave 
been  a  ccriain  time  on  board  of  Englisli  ships.  "Eve- 
ry foreign  seaman,  who,   in  time  of  war  serves  two 
years  on  board  a  British  ship,  is  ipsojacto  naturaliz- 
ctl."  This  is  the  law;  .-jikI,  therefore,  if  it  be  true,  as 
the  newspapers  tell  us  it  is,  that  the  govcmment  is 
^oing  to  send  home  all  tiie  foreign  seamen  to  make 
)-oom  tor  the  employment  of  oiu-own,  it  is  going  to  do 
a  deed,  which  Iwill  leave  jour  lordship,  or  any  bod\ 
else  to  characterize;  for  1  will  not  beggiu-  my  senti- 
ments by  doing  it  in  the  way  in  wliich  alone  1  should 
«lai-e  to  do  it.  But,  if  this  deed  were  to  be  done.    If- 
it  \\  ere  lo  take  its  place  in  the  list  of  deeds  of  1815r 
the  consequence  would  be,  that  the  seamen,  thus  sent 
kome,  woidd  berc:idy  toman  the  ships  and  ciu-ry  on 
the  commerce  of  other  countries,  who  will,  now  thai 
the  seas  will  be  open  again,  stand  in  need  of  them. 

Peace,  so  far  from  reviving  commerce,  v.  ill  in  ah 
bnman  probability,  have  a  contrary  effect  in  England. 
The  liite  wars  hnve  been  different  in  theii-  elfccts  on 
Gori.nierce  from  former  wars.  They  swept  the  sea  o 
^U  commerce  but  our  own.  They  made  nfl  the  vf»rl4 
pwrrfpsry^c  to  Tor.  PS, 


triljutaiy  to  us.  Tlieprofit.s  ofthe  world's commerc® 
centered  here.  By  the  me:ins  of  our  lo;ins  and  taxesi 
we  obtained  a  force  sufficient  lo  eff'ecl  these  pur  3o- 
ses.  But,  tliis  cannot  con'.intiein  pesce.  Other  na- 
tions will  liave  e:ich  its  share  cfcoaunerce.  Oir  na- 
vy, withdra'vn  from  the  ocean,  will  le.tve  the  na  ions 
ofihe  world  at  liberty  to  communicate  wit'i  eucho- 
ther.  And  as  every  ship  of  ours  must  sail  loaded  with 
a  part  of  our  deb',  other  nati.ws  will  be  able  to  sail 
.nd  carry  goods  cheaper.  If  v/e  attempt  \o  prevent 
tills  by  force,  it  is  wara^ain.  M)reloa:is  If  we  re- 
main, quiet,  we  sink  in  tiie  general  sc.;le,and  [cixij- 

RA  DESU:!fT.] 


British  Raiiiins. 

District  ALirshsU's  office,  iVf.issachuse'ts, 
Boston,  July  23,  1814. 
Having  observed  that  lately  particular  cii  ilitiei 
to  individuals  who  have  been  m.idc  jjiisoners  of  war 
by  the  enenfiy,  are  publis'.icd  and  circulaed  with 
gre.U  avidity,  by  wiiich  tlie  public  mi  id  migit  be 
imposed  with  an  idea,  that  ourciizens  in  general 
have  been  and  are  treated  with  u;iex  on!>lovi  tsua.in- 
ity;  I  have  believed ic  proper  to  preseiit  to  the  A- 
merican  people  certain  documents  in  inv  office, 
which  will  place  this  interesting  subject  correctly 
before  them. 

JAMES  PUIXCE. 


CIRCULAR. 

Office  of  commissary  general  of  prisones, 
Washington,  June  23,  1814. 
Srn — I  hand  you  enclosed,  copies  of  two  letters 
which  passed  be'vveen  the  Britisli  age-tt  of  prison- 
ers of  war  in  this  country  and  myself,  in  April  iast,  on 
the  subject  of  rations.     Since  tlie  date  of  mine  ofthe 
2d  April,  letters  have  been  received  from  our  a.^ents 
for  prisoners  in  England,  in  the  West-Indies,  ai  Qie- 
bec,  and  at  Halifax;  by  whicli  it  has  been  seen,  ^\  ith 
regret,  tliat  the  British  autlioritics,  at  tlieir  sevenil 
depots,  had  reduced  t!ie  prisoners  ration,  from  that 
wiiich  hid  been  established  by  the  carielof  the  12tli 
of  May,  1815,  to  wliat    is  considei-ed  not  onh  in<jde- 
quate  to  their  comfort,  but  insufficient  to   preserve 
(lie  unfortunate  captives  from  actual  suflTcri'ig,  as 
will  be  shewn  by  the  inclosed  tables  of  duily  r.itions, 
latterly   issued  our  prisoners  at  th»  respective  pla- 
ces designated.     A  similar  change   in  the  rations 
issued  to  tlie  prisoners  in  our  power,  has  been,  thu.s 
long  delayed,   as  well  from  an  unwillingness   to   in- 
flict pain,  or  sufl^ering,  however  justified  by  the  acts 
of  tlie  enemy,  as  from  a  liope,  that  by  coiHinuing  t!ie 
former  ration,  they  miglit  be  induced  to  meet  sucli 
liberality  in  a  proper  manner,   and   return  to  the 
system  of  subsistence  regularly   agreed   upon  with 
an  authorised  agent  on  their  part,    early  in  the  last 
vcar,  and  which,  until  within  a  few  montiis  past,  hap 
been  practi.ied  by  them,  at  least  in  their  possessions 
in  North  America  and  the  West  Indies. 

Being  dis.'»ppoiHted  in  tliis  reasonable  expectation, 
it  has  become  necessary  to  adopt  the  course  as  to 
heir  prisoners,  which  is  pursued  as  to  ours,  in  order 
liiat  the  insufficiency  of  the  ration  may  be  felt  by* 
liiem  through  tlieir  own  subjects.  I  am  instruced 
by  the  president  to  require  that  you  will,  i';ime- 
diately  on  receipt  of  tliis  letter,  cause  to  be  issued 
to  all  the  non-paroled  prisoners  in  your  charge,  and 
within  your  district,  daily,  tlie  following  ration,  an;4 
no  more,  viz. 

Half  a  pound  of  fresh  or  salt  beef; 
One  and  a  halfjxjundsofbread; 
One  quarter  of  a  pint  of  pease  w;  rioe,  #?, 
•ne  poMtO'i  «?  pot<->,t963,  !«j4  '   ' 

1 


@6 


SUrPLEMEKT  TO  NILES*  PEqiSTER-B'UTIKH  RATIONS, 


.    One  third  of  nn  ourre  of  Siilt,  [  a^tl  severely  from  Imnp-CT:  votirpri^.oncrs,  if  retl(ice<i 

Let  especial  care  be  taken,  hov.cver,  tliat  the  ar-i  to  a  like  aliowunce,   nius'.  suli'er  ii>  :ii!  equal  deg'ipi:; 
tides  ajn-.posir.g  the  i-atioiis  be  ui'g-oodqu'-.iity.  jaiidyei,  repug-nai.t  lis  it  v.iil  be  to  the   wi  hcs   anj 

You  will  inform  lio-.e  unfortunate  men  of  (lie  cause'  ftelin.^s  of  lJus  g-overnjiient,  ii  thatcourie  iias  been 
of  tlie  change  in  their  suhsisleuce,  andof  tiie  rei^ret,  '■  detenniiied  on  by  joui-  govenmieni,  ii  wiU  bp  ne- 
wi^li  which  the  government  finds  itself  ci>iiipe!'ed|Cesbarily  adopted  here.  I  request  your  ])iu-ticiilar 
to  adopt  iliis  measure;  and  you  will  have  pubiislicd,!  and  early  aiteni ion  t<!  lii.s  case  so  iniporiant  to  Inl- 
and keep  onnsti'ntly  posted  in  some  proper  place, lni.init\;  and  shall  !je  nulcii  Lj-rallfied,  if  you  ;.re  art- 
uilliinthe  limitsof  the  pris-ns,- tables  of  the  rati;)n  ,  •iiO' i/.alto  make  any  arranp:eine;it  upon  tUc  >abjecS.. 
vou  shall  c:aise  to  be  served  but  under  the  present  that  i:>ay  obviate  tliesiiteiini;s,on  botli  sides,  which 
nstructioub. 

I  have  tlie  honor  to  be, 

bir,  >our  obedient  servant, 

.1.  MASOiV. 
Jauie;  P.  ince,  Esq.  Marshal  of  Massachusetts. 


Office  of  commiss:iry  g-eneral  of  prisoners, 
NA'asliinirtoH;  April  23,  I8I1. 
.    Stti— Or.c  of  ihe  objections  io  tjiecariel  entered 
in'.o  he;-<A-cen  you  and 'myself,  on  tiie  12:h  May  last, 
niadefcv    tlie  coniinis^ioiiers  of  th*^  British  adiuiral- 
tv,  as  stated  to  me  in  your  letter  of  the  IsL  Fcbi  iiu- 
n-is  to  the  allowance  io  p'isoners  for    sub.iisieiicc. 
Tiie  daih  ra'ion  asj-reed  iip'-n  in  thtit  instrument  tor 
prisoners,  ;uui  certainly  lifde  enouf^h  to    supjiort   a 
lieartv  ni.m  v.-^thfiut    «utrerin?r,   was  lib.  of  beef,  ov 
v2  ounce<  ni'pnvk,  1  !b.  of  viieaten  brcail,  I  I'J'it-  ot 
peas,  or  Coz.  of  rice,  or  1  il>.  of  pota  oes,  2  quarts 
of  .?;dt  and  .4  quarts  of  vinegar;  to  every  hi.nd.ed  r.. 
tions.     In  the  new  project   of  urrang-ement,  all  stip- )  10  them  fully  my  sentiments  of  each  of  the  article't 


must  eiisiie  by  a  sys.ein  t.iat  wiU  deal  out  to  f  c 
.uit'.jrtunate  prisoners  les;  ubsistance  than  's  abs.>- 
lutely  requisite.  Tne  privaiions  of  these  men  are 
OF  necessity  siiificiently  .i;Teal;  let  us  avoid  incre.is- 
ing^  tiitm,  i  imreal  you  by  r>  f  ising' t!)at,  wnich  is 
every  vviicie  proverbially,  'he  firr t  call  of  n;Uure, 
cnoncf/i  to  eiif,  Mid  the  want  of  which  sinks  deepest 
iiuo  uiunan  wreiciiednes... 

liiave  tne  nonor  to  be,  &c. 
(Sis;ned)  J.  MASON. 

Cof.  Thomas  Jir.rrJini, 

Uladensburg-,  April  5,  1814. 
Srr — Your  letter  of  the  2d.  instant,  1  did  not  re- 
ceive tmiii  yes  erday  noon.  My  let'  er  to  you  of  the 
1st  of  Februa  y,  v.'as  drawn  up  conform^bie  to  tl)e 
iiistri'.ctions  I  received  from  tlie  commissioners.  I 
!i  .vc  loi'ij^'  sir.ce  UanMuitied  to  them  a  copy  of  my 
letter  to  you,  and  al  the  same   time  communicated 


Illations  about  quantity  i)f previsions  isrejecicil;  and 
you  inform  me,  tliat  it  is  intended  to  give  our  pri- 
sone;o  ;,  ib.  of  the  coarsest  brend  a  day,  and  10  cat 
5Vi.h  Ihcii  bread  ihr  tv.odays  in  tiie  week,  wo  meat, 
only  lib.  heriing-s,  atul  Ih).  of  potatoes  for  one  of 
these  dsivri,  and  f  *r  the  oilier  lib.  of  codfisii  and  lib. 
potaloes;  for  the  ntltei- five  davs  only  jib.  of  fresh 
beet,  ^Ib.  (jteens,  1  oz.  Scotcli    barley,   and  ^  oz.  o 


contained  iu  the  cu-tel  of  tiie  12ti)  or  May,  and  the 
.tiii'.Midments  proposed. 

1  think  it  probable  I  shall  receive  an  answer  in 
.M;Ly  or  June.  In  the  inle;im  iiowever,  I  liope  to  re- 
ceive yoiu- answer  10  my  letter;  indeed  I  have  long- 
since  expected  it.  Under  present  circumsances  I 
cannot  retiu-n  you  an  answer  to  the  inquiry  contain-- 
ed  in  your  letter  of  the  2d  of  this  month.     Tiie  7tii 


iijon,=  .\Nith  1-3  o/.  salt,  no  vineg'ar  at  any  l>iue,    andiai-ticie  inthedraft  of  tne  cartel  .sent  you  to  be  sub- 
j)o  salt  for  two  days  in  the  veek.  imitiedto   the  president,  stales, -'they  (t.ie  present 

■  I  should  not  havecaiied  tins  subject  nowseparato  |  prisoners)  are  to  be  rtu'iiishci  by  tlie  g-overmne/u  'v\ 
Iv  to  your  alt  en  i  ion,  but  that  in  sletter  nist  recei-i  wiiose  j>ossession  t!iey  m-.iy  l-.e,  wit-l|  u  subsistence  of 
ved  from  Mr  Stcrm,  Rc:ent  ior  .\iTierican  pi  isoners  i sound  and  wholesome  provision."  I  acknow'.ed  c 
.at  Ba-J'b:  does,  is  the  rhlhjwinK  passajje-  "I  n.ow  have!  the  ci-itiiC  is  Vit^-ae,  and  perlitajj.,  it  wo  lid  have  oeeit 
.Io  state,  tlia'.  ^!i^  Rat  ker,  tiie  Hiitisii  ag-ent  here,  lias  |  prefei.ibie  to  liave  specihtd  tneartic;e.s  .ml  qmn- 
OiRciali'.  jiilotuted  me,  tliat  the  convention  entered Itity  Yet  the  word  sub.sLs  enee  intc'nd"»are.isoiiabis 
into  betwcenvourself  and  col.  Ba.rclay  Itas  not  been  I  quantity  for  the  support  of  nature,  and  the  word<« 
ratified  by  the  g-ovornment  of  Great  Jiiitain,  oi|  "sound and  whoie.:.oine  provision,"  certainly  desig-- 
jfoui'se  our  prisoners  are  not  Jillowed  more  than  iwo-jnate  the  quality. 

thirds  of  v.iiat  lliey  h.id,  lavvaityour  insiriiciions  on       Tiie  precise  (piantity  fov  each   g-overnrn'^at   may 
the  subject"  [readily  be  ascertaiiied   thro' the   respeciive   ag^ents 

I  infer  from  thl?,  th.it  the  British  pfovemment  has  oi'  both  naaons. 
xome  to  a  determination  as  to  the  provision  article.       You  misapprehend  me  when  you    state,   I  itiftrm 
and  has  gi'-en  orders  to  reduce  tlie  ration  to  the  Stan-  you  it  is  intended  to  give  tlie  Amciican   prisoners 
di'rd  stated  by  you,  since  it  is  actually  in  practice  at   li  lb.  of  the  coarsest  bread  a  day,  8ic.  &c.     By  re- 


liarbados.  I  beg  to  be  itiformed  on  this  subject, 
Vou  are  pleased  to  remark  in  your  letter  f)f  the  Ist. 
February  in  explanation  of  this  article,  that  tlie  Brit- 
is!i  government  so  frequently  involved  in  w.ir,  has 
had  such  an  opportunity  to  ascertain  what  is  aration- 
al  and  a  proper  allowance  to  prisoners,  that  it  is  rea- 


feriing-  to  my  letters  of  the  1st  of  February,  you  will 
find  1  expressed  mysel'  in  the  words  followi;ig- — "I 
transmit  herewith  a  table  of  the  provisions  daily  is- 
sued to  prisoners  in  Great  Britain,  and  elsewhere  in 
the  British  dominions,  save  in  such  places  as  the  a- 
gents  have  adopted  tiie  regulations  ofthe cartel,  but 


sonable  to  suppose  the  ration  used  in  Britain,  as  j  which  will  eventually  be  countermanded.  Tftequal- 
.describeii  bv  you,  "is  in  truth  a  proper  allowance-"  j  ity  of  the  bread  is  not  mentioned,  nor  did  I  state^ 
.  You  must  permit  me  to  observe,  that  this  was  not  j  that  if  the  proposed  cartel  was  agreed  to  by  the 
your  opinion  he;  elofore,  and  1  should  hope,  cannot  president  in  lieu  of  that  of  the  12th  May,  that  the^ 
now  be  so,  when  you  reflect  on  the  subject.  It  is  a  j  American  prisoners,  under  the  words  of  the  cirte^, 
matter  of  daily  experience,  and  feeling  common  to  I  would  receive  subsistence  precisely  conformable  to 
c\-ery  man  of  every  class  in  the  commimity;   evcrv   the  cop^  of  the  table  of  provisions  sen.  you. 


man  can  at  once  decide  that  ^Ib.  of  coarse  bread  wi.l; 

the  scanty  appendages  of  1  lb.  of  herrings,  or  codfis-. 

and  1  lb.  of  pot.atoes,  will  not  s.itisfy  for  a  day  tin 

C  vings  of  hunger;  and  that  thp  ^  lb.  of  beef,  will' 

u,e  pittance  of  greens,  barley  and   onions  allowed, 

will  be  very  little  better.     Our  prisoners  in  yoiu  il  wrote  yoti  In  February. 

JjjnKis  on  such  an  allowance  must  euffer  constantly 


1  beg  leave,  however,  to  say,  I  think  it  probably 
and  tor  the  same  reasons  g-iven  in  my  letter  of  the 
1st  of  February. 

I  have  received  no  further  information  on  the  sub« 
ect  of  the  provisions  to  be  issued  t»  prisotiei'S  siiif* 


SUPVLI^ML^NT  TO  NILES'  ilKGISTRR— EXCHANGE  OF  PillSOXE.rvS-.     &y 


From  what  Mr.  SUn-m  write*  \  ou 
doiiinji^sioners  liuvt:  ieiii  onltrs  to 
»ti  tiiesuiiject. 

Lieut.  Miller,   fil  H  .lir.ix,  i.i    l;is  letter  to    me   of 
Marcli,  rloc-'i  not  liint  tivit  he   hud  received  anv. 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  si:-,  voir  obedient  sei-van% 

(Sig-ned)  TMOS.  B.'vKCi.AY. 

fieri.  John  Jttiv^on,  ijfc. 

That  tl>e  bi-eiul  U)  be  de:dt  out  to  our  prisoners 
JN  of' coarse  qii.ilir>',  w.is  liscer'uiied  froin  tlie  toi- 
iO'-'Jop:  note  ;iccomT):ln^  ini;'  co!.  riurchiv's  letter  ot 
.ht  1st  of  Febi-uarv,  1814. 

N    K.  B)-ead  to   he  riuide  oC  tlie  wliole  wh eaten 
Uioal,  M  herein  the  whole  ;Tiin    is  to  be  preseived, 
t-..>ccept  siic'i  p;irts  as  will  no'  prs  tiiroup:ii  the  Lon- 
don nnd  Rrisol  seam  clolli  No.  7,  osnt'.Hv  called   !'n 
.eleven  sliilli;)^'- cloih;  ;nid  wlia' is   cmudered   equal 
lii  No.  Cof'tlie  pa'enc  clo'li  of  tifteea  shillinirs  price 
lOailv  ra'i^ns  issued    to   A meriejo  prisoners  at    diti- 
f;iient  British  depots;  as  stated  by  letters  from  the 
i.>;ents  Oi'  !he  UiiiiCvl  Sf.rics,  at  the  several  places, 
and  'ivider  Iheda'.ies  s^.ovn  below,  viv.: 
V.i  F-n^^'.^rd,  at   the   various   deuct'^,   as   hv   letter 
ft-om  Mr.  Tleaslv,  dated  M.vrch  18. 1814.— ^  lb.  beef, 
."i  d  i\  s  in  tiie  week,  iiiul  i  lb  tjreens  or  turnips;  1  oz 
t>  u-icv,  T  oz   onions,  ;ind  1  3  oz.  of  salt;  1  I  lb.  bread, 
ttich  davin  Ihe  v.eelr;  I  lb  rod   6-h  and  1  lb.  pota- 
toes fbi-  one  da}-;  1  ib.  heiTiaL,3  and  1  lb.  potatoes  for 
1  do. 

At.Tamnica,  as  1ii.  letter  from  Mr.  Stewart,  dated 
February  20tii,  1814—^  Ib.  beef,  1  ^  lb.  bread,  j  pin> 
pease  or  i-ice,  and  1-3  07.  «  dt. 

At  Barbado  s.as  by  ie  ter  from  Mr.  Storm,  dated 
Ji^nnarv  29di,  1814. —  Two  diirds  oidy  of  the  radon 
fcxedby  the  cartel  ofthe  Tith  May.'l813. 

In  Can.ida.ns  bv  letter  trom  col.  Gardner,  dated 
Marcli  26'  h,  1814— A  lb.  stdted  or  fresh  beef  or  pr.-ic, 
^  lb.  biscuit  or  soft  bie.td,  ^idut  pease  or6oz.  rice, 
i-3  07.  salt. 

Tn  Nova-Scot  i.'i.  ab-.  letter  frnm  Mr.  Mitchell,  d  i- 
ted  M:.'.  9fh,  1P14— !  lb.  beef;  1]  brcud,  1  .rill 
j.tujL,  :iiid  1-3  ouiifc  '■■'It. 


it  i.s  evidetV  the]  tion  of  ihe  convention  abive  nienti.T^ed;— to  satii 


the  AVc::t  Indies  j  ihe  nice  andscrupuiou;,  sensii>i!itv  widi '.vliich  a  Uri  • 
I  tisli  suliiiei-  mii.st  cv'er  examine  an  .'ict  professing'  lo 
rclasc  him  fi-om  an  ohli^a'iion  in  vv'hirh  his  iumor  i^ 
unpiicated  iind  pledged,  and  loiemove  every  apprcv 
hension  from  the  mircds  of  Uiosewlio  inav  come  with- 
in the  scope  of  the  "•encral  order,  hij!   excellencv  iS 


EXCUAXv.E  Ul'"  PRTSONF.RS. 

•HiiiNTiiK \ r.,  .lUT.T  30. 
Ixcuil-  (^ini.  icj-s,  cinnp  at  Chnmblij,'} 
Julij  2d,  1814.     3 
(;F,NF,R\L  ORDKTl.' 
Several   officers  of  this  army  having'  recen'ly  re- 
rviuned    from  tlie  Iniited    Stales,   where  thev  were 
held  inclose  confinement  as  hostag'es,  and  li.ivin.Sf.oi', 
their  release  sisfned  a  conditional  parole   containing- 
a  pledjreon  thei'-  part,  to  reinrn  to  captivity,  at  tiie 
expira'iion  of  a  limited  period,  unless  previously  ex- 
chansred;  his  excellency    the  provernor  in  chevfand 
commander  of  the  forces,  considerin.g; such  paiole  to 
ha  iiiconsislent  with  tjic-  provisions  of  a  conven'ion 
f)r  the  exchanofe  of  prisoners,  v.-hich  wasentered  in- 
to by  persons  dulv  empowered    for  this  purpos'?  b', 
the  Efovernment  of  the  United  States  and  hi-^  excel- 
lencv 1  esoectivelv,  and  has  already  been  carried  into 
'omole! e  execution  on  his  part,  and   lias  also   been 
in  p.U't  executed  In- the   American  government — is 
plea  cii  to  (leriMe  thnt  all  tltese  ofHcers,  whe'.her  of 
tiie  11. 1  ,  or  militia,  are  a'  scl.cd  from  their  parole, 
underami  by  virtue  of  ihe  beioremention  convention, 
that  they  are  released,  and  free  toserveas  ifthcy  had 
never  been  prisoners  of  war,  .and  are  all  and  severely 
included  in  the  general  order  of  the  16th  .Aoril,  di- 
rectiniT  all  prisoners  of  war,  after  the  1.5th  May  t<» 
repair  to  their  respeclive  corps  and  stations,  and  to 


pleased  to  ontliori.se  tjiecomninnicition  to  tiie  army 
under  hi,,-  commar.d,  of  the  principal  circumstance-^ 
attendinr^-  tiie  conimeniVnietTt,  onNu-rcss  and  fina"- 
conclusion  of  the  conveiiiio.i,  to  wiiich  allusion  L;^.4 
.djove  been  made. 

At  the  wlicifationoftiie  g-overnn-ient  of  the  Uiited 
States,  conveved  in  a  letter  to  the  secretary  of  state 
of  tiie  l(>th  .March,  -nd  not  less  ind-iced  by  hii  anx- 
ious desire  to  al'.eite  unnecessary-  severity  which 
the  system  of  ret.iHition  h.id  introduced  "into  the 
oond.ict  of  tliis   war — the  commander  of  the  forces 
did   not  hesitate   in   acceding  to  a  pr,,no.val  which 
seemed  to  oromise  the  attai'imentof -an  object  so 
le.sire.ible.  In  thkt  spii  it,  and  with  that  vle-A-,'!iis  e\- 
ccllcncv  consented  to  the  exc.lianu;e  of  bri».  (general 
Wiiider,  (a  hos^ace,)  in  consequence  of  that^jf^cer 
havin.y;-  been  seiecied  by  the  preside.it  of  tlie  United 
Stale  as  an  a.ofent,  vested  witij  full  po'vvers  toneg'o;i. 
ate    tor  an  exchant^e  of  prisoners  of  war,  as  well 
hosta^-es  as  others,  his  excellency  was  :dso  pleased 
to  nominate  colonel  H.H.viies  as  ati  arent  vested  with 
sinidar  powers,  0:i  tiie  p  U't  of  the  firiMsharmv. 

The  npf'-ocia'ion  commenced  under  the  most  favoi- 
able  auspices.  T;ie  basis  .and  conditions  of  the  con- 
yen  lion  being:  left  io  tiiedi'^cre  ion  of  the  twoofficers 
hove  mentioned,  it  was  afi^reed,  tliat  all  prisoners 
r)t  war,  hostap:es  or  others,  (with  the  sole  exception 
o  ■  the  Bi  itish  suljiects  taken  from  the  ranks  of  t!ie 
.-•nemy,  and  sent  to  Rng-land  for  le;^-al  trial,)  shoidd  be 
released  in  conformit\'to  the  ret^iilation  of  the  cartel. 
General  Winder  pledged  himself  that  his  govern- 
ment entertained  the  mrst  liber.il    sentiments,  a'vl 
that  the  great  di.sparitv  of  prisoners,  both  -vitli  res- 
;ject  to  rani'  and  nomhers,   which  tl-,e  Ui,i<e-1  State.s 
.vould  receive,  ;md  for  vviiich  iliev  \V'<\  no  --^qtiv-alent 
to  return,  should  be  witlil-.eld  fiom  service  on  parole, 
-iii'i!  dulv  exchtiiiged. 

Thit.  atri'f^ntent  was  on  the  point  of  b=in'.':  ratified, 
when  a  despatch  from  tiic  Am^.ican  secretary  of 
sla^e,  d.ited  Wasliiniron,  the  -i2d  .M.irch,  was  re» 
ceived  by  brig.  gen.  Winder,  and  was  verbally  repre- 
sented by  him  to  convey  a  positive  prohibition  to- 
iiis  consenting  to  the  release  of  the  tw^ity-three 
liri'.ish  soldiers  held  .as  liostagesfor  the  I'riMsh  sub- 
jects sent  to  F.iigland  for  tri  il,  unless  it  vas  stipulat- 
ed that  they  also  should  be  releaseJ,  and  sent  to 
die  United  States. 

This  proposition  was  instantly  answa-ed  by  a  note 
infu'ining-  brig,  general  Winder,  that  as  anew  btisis 
had  been  substituted  by  the  secretary  of  st.ate,  inad- 
missible in  ]:)rinciple,  the  negoci.ition  was,  in  conse- 


quence, at  an  end,  and  that  his  jiirrial  exchange  a.s  a 
orelimiiLary  mettsure.  was  rd.so  voi<l,  antl  of  no  effect, 
is  emanating  from  the  ;ict  which  had,  from  the  con, 
duet  of  the  proposing  party,  becoinea  nuiUtv.. 

This  introduction  of  ttiis  new  pretension  on  the 
part  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  had 
arrested  the  progress  of  the  negociat  ion,,  when  aiiote 
from  brig.  gen.  Winder,  (No.  3,)  was  acceded  to  by 
colonel  Haynes,  as  the  basis  of  a  convention,  (No.  4.) 

To  ascertain  the  existence  of  the  power  of  the  fi- 
nal  rtdifictition  on  the  part  of  brig.  gen.  Winder,  the 
commander  of  the  forces  was  pleased  to  du'ect  col. 
Bavnes  to  address  to  tliat  officer  the  note  (No.  5,) 
.tnd  although  the  nnswet-  of  brig.  gen.  Winder,  as 


resume  their  respective  military  dtities. 

To  destroy  any  doubts  which  inyv  lu-  possibility  {contained  in  note  (No.  6,)  did  not  completely  accords 

mpletc  ex-^tji  -  with  thesprrit  ofcpanior  nrofC';ncd  byhiiaj-andnuRp 


be  entertained  \^Uh  re2iT.l<o  tiie  com 


6S     STTFPLEMEN i  TO  NiLES'  REGlaTEI^-EXCH-ilNGE  OF  i'UlSL!]:;EIl&. 


csteci  \y.  hi.^  excellency — nevertheless  the  iliir  con- 
trucaou  oi'  ii  was  such  as  to  can-}'  to  his  nniul  thai 
conviction  wliic.h  if:  niu^t  iinjirfc^^s  op.  every  lionoraljle 
iiiun  ■«  ho  peiur-es  i.,  that  hri^.  geii.  Winder  possess- 
(il  'iicpcvcrot'  linuUx  nitiryini^-  any  new  ag:ecmeni 
for  the  tici;an;.e  of  priionerH,  into  whicii  iie  niigii 
tl.i.k  piopci  to  enter. 

Uiider  this  inu'iesiiion,  tlie  commander  of  tlie  for- 
ccg  WHS  pleased  to  declare  lii-.  assent  to  tiie  imme- 
diate rtle.-.sc  and  exclwn.c^e  of  brig.  gen.  A\  ir.der; 
liiC  ,ie:;ocialion  'or  the  excuangeot  prisoners  on  the 


con'n.cud  biiiis  l;;si  proposed  by  brig  gen.  Winder, 
^va.^  ieconiPienced,  ai:d  liie  conditions  being  air.  ng- 
€■(.],  I:  ccnvenlior.  wks  concluded  on  tlie  lath  April 
laiit,  and  ia'.i£edby  tlie  contruc'dnp^  parties 

Ii  is  iir.dei-  t!.;s   conv(nti;>n,  so  begun  and  so  rali- 
ficd,  and  c:.rriec-i  iiuo  chtct,  according  to  the  itnor 
Q'-'it,  v.itliijri.mplitudoand  good  faith  on  thep^^^rto- 
the  conin.andcr  oi    the  force.-,  and  to  w.ic!  no  ob- 
jcciion  h-s  been  specified  b>    liie  Anieiican  govern 
'ineiir,  in  aiiy  of  the  CLrmmuidcation   to  hi-,  excdlen- 
cy  since  the  concusion  of  it,  hut  which,  (-n  ihe  co:i 
tr.irv,  must  have  Leen  accepted,  since  it  ii.s  been  i. 
part'  executed  b-.  that  government,  that  his  excelk. 
cy  the  comnunder  o;  tlie  forces  has  been  pleise. 
thus  publicly  to  absolve  all  the  officers,  and  other* 
who  have  recently  returned  from  the  Unr.ed  Staies, 
from  a  parole  wiiich  his  excellency  conceives  to  be 
incon,.is'enl  witli  the  terms  of  die  convention,  anti 
^••  rir     he  considers  to  have  been  en.  ered  by  person^ 
ignorant  of  its  existence  or  misconceiving  its  condi 

ttO.1.5. 

Bv  his  cxcellencv's  command, 

EDWD.  BAVNES,  Adj.  Gen. 
Briiish  North  America. 
[The  folloMing  is  the  only  number  ot  the  docu- 
riens  alluded  w")  in  the  foregoing,  which  has  appear- 
ed  in  the  Canadian  papers  we  have  received.     The 
test  are  promised.] 

No.  1. 

M-i.jrTi)EAL,  April  10. 
Cr-'oi-el  Pfajneshas  cnmmunicatcd  to  his  excellen- 
cy h<^  comniknder  ot  die  forces,  the  purport  and 
et  ciit  of  the  .Iterations  espl.dned  by  brig.  gen. 
Vv'ii  der  to  tiisi.  be  wteirthe  instruc'io:.  of  tne  19  h 
J.L  .'cii,  addrc;  .sccl 'o    him  by  the  tecre  aiy  of  state, 


as  he  now  Joes,  prohibited  from  proceeding  any  fur. 
Uier  on  the  subject. 

The  British  c.innot  view  the  confinement  of  twen- 
ty-three soldiers  as  the  first  act  of  aggression;  for 
:ie  uiuloubted  rigiit  that  every  free  nation  posses, 
.cs  of  investigating  and  punishing  ti'.e  crimes  com-- 
milted  by  her  own  national  born  subjects,  in  a  due 
course  ot  law,  is  loo  self-evident  \o  require  a  com- 
uem,  nor  can  it  by  any  distortion  of  sense  or  justice, 
be  consirued  hito  a  just  ,;roand  for  an  act  of  faiv  re- 
taliatioii  exercised  on  f.veuty-three  British  soldier.-; 
the  latter  are  char.icterised  by  their  pitrioi  ism  and 
loyal' \,  the  former  stigmatised  for  their  treason  and 
rebeilion. 

It  would  be  wasting  time  to  enter  intofurdicr  dis. 
cussion  on  Uds  subject. — Great  B  itain  has  success 
fully inahilained   her   natur.  1    rights    unsullied,  for 
twenty  years,  agaiiisL  die  wiiole    world  conibiiied;  it 
is  not  to  besuppo.^ed,  that  it  is  re>ervel  for  th«  Uni- 

ed  Siaies  to  stop  the  course  o'justice,  and  to  die 


im'  those  o;  the  22d  of  lie  samemonth  receivedyes 
te!  d  ■> ,  and  that  the  omission  of  the  same  in  the  firs 
cony,' was  cv.  ing  '.o  error  in  transcribing  it. 

Hi.-;  excellency,  however,  on   reference  in  the  let- 
ter ofihe  secretary  of  state  of  the  19. h  of  March, 
addressed  to  him,  ai;  it  is  stated  "with  the  view  and 
in  'he  .-incerc  desi  e  to  resioretu  the  mildest  prac- 
tice oi  civilized  nations  tiie  trea  ment  ot  prisoners 
on  both  sides,"  and  uutliorizing  brig,   gen.   Winder 
on  the  pan  oi'  the  United  States  government,  to  con 
elude  an  arrangement  which  may   ein brace  the  ex- 
ch.ange,  as  well  as  tiiose  held  as  hostage-,  as  of  other 
prisoner?;  and  his  excellency  learning  from  tlie  lat- 
ter thai  hi.-<  insti  uclions  fully  comported  with  the 
certified  tenor  of  the  proposal  made  in  the  secreta- 
ry of  state's  letter  'o  him,  did  not  hesitate  a  moment 
in  acceding  to  the  other  airangements  therein  sug- 
^e-itd,   and   v.as  prepared    to  wave  just  grounds 
v.hicli  be  conceived  I  e  had  of  complaint  against  the 
government  ot  the  United  States,  on  the  subject  of 
the  exchange  of  prisoners  ot  war,   in  the  hopes  oi 
promoting  an  arrangement  so  desirable  to  the  cause 
of  humanity  and  he  honor  of  both  nations;  and  he  is 
much  disappointed  to  find  his  hopes   frustrated  by 
the  introduction,  at  this  period  of  the  negociation, 
of  a  clxim  so  totally  inadmissable,  and  that  had  the 
secretary  of  state's  letter  borne  the  most  distant  al- 
lusion  W  it,  hx9  esceileuc^  would  have  fdt  himself 


tate  lo  England  wliat  procedure  she  shall  observe 
o'.vards  her  own  natural  born  subjects,  in  her  own 
courts  of  civil  judicature,  arrested  in  her  own  ter- 
ritories, in  tire  actual  commission  of  acts  of  treason 
andrebel'doii. 

It  is  to  be  remarked,  that  as  the  exch.ange  of  pris- 
oners  ifv/arnow  proposed   by  the  United  States,  no 
longer  lias  tlie  general    character  that  w.is   at   I'lrst 
pi-opose.l,  but  is  specially  to  restore  quota  for  quo- 
ui — it  beco  Ties,  on  this  ground,   incumbent  on   the 
part  of  the  Bi  itisli  governmem,  to  demand  as  a  pre. 
linunary  step,  a  detailed  statement  of  about   3000 
prisoi-.ers,  of  which  one  third   were  in  the   United 
States'  regular  service,  captured  in  C.mada   during 
ilie  first  campaign,   given  up  on   good  faith   to  tlie 
Upi  cd  Sates,  who  at   that  period   had  no    British 
prisoners. — and  as   all  subsequent  exciianges  on  th« 
part  of  the  Uni  ed  S  a',  es,  have  been  acquitted  by  at» 
equivalent  number  of  prisonei-s  simultaneously'  ex- 
chang'.'d,  it  is  insisted  that   the  American   govern- 
ment is  bound  by  honor  and  good  faith,  tom'.Ice  full 
a.ld  omplctesa'lsr.ictioa  for  ihe;ibove  debt,  in  con- 
forraity  'o  thefomteeu  h  ari  icle  of  the  cartel,  belire 
she  can  in  justice  retain,  or  a-k  an  equivalent  for  a 
single  Bri'isli    prisoner  now  in  iitr  possession,    and 
for  this  purpostj  le'.urns  will  be  prepartd,  not   onlv 
o*.  the  number  of  jn-isoners  remaining  unexchanged 
in  die  possession  of  eidier  power,  but  of  those  given 
up  in  good  faith,  by  the  Briiish  government   to  the 
Uni  cd  States,  and  for  which  no  return  has  yet  Jieen 
made,  or  satisfaction  ofiered;  and  as  it  appears  from 
the  documents  now  transmitted,  that  the  Uni'ed 
States  are  adding  to  the  number  of  prisoners  placed 
in  restraint  as   hostages,  his  excellency  is  left  no  al- 
ternative, and  is  ur.der  the  imperious  necessity   of 
ordering  into  close  confinemerit,  all  the  American 
officers  remaining  in  his  possession,  hot  heretolbrc 
considered  as  liostages. 

If  the  ins  ructions  of  the  secretary  of  state  leave- 
to  the  discretion  of  brig.  gen.  Winder  no  latitude  on 
the  subjectof  thetwenvy  three  Briiish  soldiers,  con- 
sidered by  Great  Britain  as  the  sole  just  origin  of 
tlie  sjs  em  of  retaliation,  the  further  prosecution  of 
this  negociation  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners  must 
be  unavailing,  as  his^excellency,  although  prepared 
to  wave  all  minor  considerations  to  meet  the  Ameri- 
can government  on  a  fair  and  liberal  basis,  is  at  the 
same  time  unalterably  fixed  in  his  determination 
not  to  compromise,  in  the  slightest  degree,  that 
principle  of  justice  and  equity,  upon  which  the  mea- 
sures of  his  government  have  been  framed. 

On  a  former  occasion,  col.  Baynes  communicated 
to  maj.  Melville,  that  if  the  prisoners  of  war  in  Can- 
I  ada  were  iwt  exchanged  previoira  t-o  tUe  arrival  gf 


-&^:p?:.!?:m:'.nt  to  xiles*  register!— ExeirANGE  of  prisoners,     go 


w.insports  expected  early  in  the  spring',  ir  would  be- 
came a  necessui-y  measure  to  relieve  llie  dividas  o' 
i.i:-.;  c''i:tr(;-e,  aii.Tiii  i.  ,i,c.  '.vouiil  bes.e:itlo  England, 
a!-.d  aa  the  .ipeains^  of  lie  rivei-  nitvi}^atioii,  lie  pri- 
soners' iioA-  at  Moiurea  wili  bo  seal  to  Q  \ebec  for 
»iiat  purpi)se. 

(^is^ned)  EDVv'ARl)  BAVXES, 


No.  3. 

MONTHKAL,   Al'HIL  10. 

??i-isj:ulier  gen.  Winder  lu;s  received  col.  IJayiies'a 


But  gen.  Winder  is  at  a  loss  to  perceive,  tiiat  be- 
cause he  does  not  possess  this  power  a  iieg-ocialion  la 
')  stop,  wiiicb  could  originally  only  liave  contempla- 
ted the  exchanp;-e  as  far  as  could  be  done,  witlioat 
l)rouchi!i;^  die  question.  And  the  letter  or" the  secre- 
tary of  state  to  liis  excellency  orihel9ch  Marcli,  and 
(li-i  canteniporaneous  instructions  to  brif;'.  gen.  Win- 
Co/.  andAdj   Genera!.  \  der,  wiiile  they  look  to  the  larjijest  possible  e.Kcnang-c, 


yet  reserve,  and  express  to  do  so,  whole  and  enare 
the  right  of  this  s\  stem  of  retaliation,  and  lie  most 
sincerely  believes,   his   propositions  ot   vestercliiy's 


if  tiiis  niorniiig',  and  has  re  d  it  wi  h  clo^e  and    dare,  entirely  attain  this  object  to  both  pirties 


no'e  I..    

rjrofound  attention,   not  wiiiiout   considerable    sur- 
prise   and  tl\e  deepest  re:;-i-el — surprise,  because  ii 
seems  to  h.ive  been  expected  that     he  discussions 
depending-  between   col.  B.iynes   and   himself,  weve 
iji  fac;  to'have  settled  and  adjusted  a  pri  icipal  ques- 
ti  (U    whicli  will  no  doubt  occupy  the  congress  at 
Ciil.e'^bin-g — regret  because  iie  fears  .hat  tne  bene 
fici..l  consequences  vvliich  would  rey.d'  from  makhig 
if.vchan.-es,  as  fir  as  was  pr.icticable  under  the  jjovv- 
oi-s   held  by  general  Winder,  must   be  defea  ed,  by 
persisdng  in  the  views  held  out  by  llie  note  of  col. 
Bavnes.  Exchanges,  which  would  restore  to  liberty 
and  liappiiiess  so  maiiy  brave  and  honorable  men  ol' 
hoth   nations,  who  may  otherwise  linger  out  a  tedi- 
ous protraced  confinement  fmully  to  be  terminated 
bv   an  inglui  ions  deatii,  and  wuich,  beside,   would 
leave  untouched  in  therulicst  extent,  the  pretendon 
of  Great  Britain,  on  the  que>  ion  from  whence  the 
system  of  retaliation  has  ari-.en. 

It  ar.pears  to  brig.idier  general  Winder  from  the 
rKiieol'otcoL  Bc-ynes,  tlia'  lie  considered  an  excliaugc 
ZJiadc  under  the  restiction  in  brig.  gen.  Winder's 
power,  an  abondouinent  or  compromitving  the  prin- 
©Iple  in  question  by  the  Britisn  government.  Surely 
if  this  Was  the  case  as  accordir.g  to  brig.  gen.  Win- 


Brig,  gaw.  Winder,  conscious  it  would  be  useless 
to  submit  any  observati;m  on  the  other  parts  of  eol. 
Baynes's  note,  as  lie  believes  tliem  completely  cm- 
braced  in  one  of  the  propositions  of  his  note  of  yes- 
terday entirely  conformably  to  col.  Baynes's  vvisiies; 
and  because,  possessing  no  other  powers  or  instruc- 
tions than  those  already  communicated,  he  s-ippose.? 
it  more  important,  at  the  presentmomeiU  to  obviate 
the  objections,  to  proceed  in  the  negociation,  wIucm 
lie  flatters  himself  the  ibregoing  remarks  will  have 
a  tendencv  to  eirect,;md  v»-hic!i,  mdess  he  can  etiect, 
would  betimeuseiessly  spent,  as  no  result  could  floi\^ 
from  it. 

Drig.  gen.  V.'inder  submits  thcseremarks  in  a  spir- 
it of  unreserved  candor,  and  cordiality,  and  wit!iout 
tlie  loss  of  a  moment — and  flatters  himself,  tiiut 
viewed  bv  col.  Baynes  with  the  same  spirit,  they  wiU 
be  found"entiiled'to  strong  and  conclusive  weight. 
(Signed)  WM.  WIXDER. 

"  Bri7.  Gc-TU  U.  S.  Arnvj. 

Ko.  3.  " 

MOSTREXI,,    APH3I.  IItH,  1814. 


Bri".  gen.  Winder,  has  received  col.  B.iynes'snote 
of  this  morning,  and  has  read  it  with  all  tlie  atten- 
tion the  subject  of  it  was  calculated  to  awaken,  ami 
lo.'j  concep'ion  it  ce.tainly  is  not,  it  would  have  however  much  he  regrets  that  he  is  not  able  to  ac- 
been  an  abandonment  Oi  it  on  the  part  of  the  Aiueri- ;  complish  all  he  hoped  and  wished,  yet  he  is  gratified 
ean  government  if  this  restric  ion  had  not  existed  in  |  in  believing,  that  much  may  be  accomplished  in 
the  po'.ver,and  would h:ive  been  extent ofpoverjWidch  I  strict  conformitv  with  the  principles  upon  wiiich  his 
i>  c.oi'fidently  believed,  his  eicelleucy  did  not  ex-|  excellency  feels  himself  bound  to  act^  as  detailed  ia 
jKCi  would  be  conteri  cd  on  the  occasion — nor  indeed  \  col.  Baynes's  note  of  to-dit}',  and  also  entirsiy  witii- 
t-ouUl  it  be  supposed,  that  a  ;.'Ower  to  treat  rei.ilive  j  ju  tie  powers  anil  instruciims  wliicti  brig.  ^'en.  Wiii- 
to  the  udjustnient  of  this  principle,  would  have  been  :  der  bus  recfivedaiil  siibmi  ted  ':x\ri-\  ids  governuieai. 
con;"ei-red  upon  a  person  in  die  situniion  and  under  Col.  Bavnco's  note  sta'es  "that  the  ci^  ifiiicment  of  the 
the  ci.cunistances  which  brig,  gen  Winder  was  when  I  twenty-three  American  olHcers,  and  an  equal  nuiu- 
Iie  received  the  power.  |  her  of  non-commissioned  officers,  considered  as  liie 

Brig.  ^&n.  Winder  furtJier  supposes,  that  his   ex-  .first  stage  of  retaliation  on  the  part  of  the  Britioa 


o-overnment,  and  will  be  persevered  in  so  long  as  tiie 
twenty -three  soldiers,  tor  which  they  are  held  as  hos- 
tages, are  kept  in  confinement,  and  cannot  be  aH'cct- 
eiijjy  any  exchange  that  does  not  emancipate  tlie 
tweiity-t'hree  Bi-iti^ii  soldiers." 

Wliat  bi-ig.  i^i:n.  Wbider  proposes,  t'lercfore,  in 
entire  conformity  to  tliis  principle  is,  tiie  British  of- 
ficers put  into  conrinement,  i  i  retaliation  for  the 
confinemerit  of  the  i"orty-six  American  ollicers  and 
non-commissioned  officers,  shall  be  released  and  ex- 
changed to  sucii  an  ex  ent  as  an  equivalent  value  ot 
American  officers   confined  in  retaiiation  for  them, 


oeller.cy  has,  and  can  have  in  the  ordinary  course  o.' 

things,  no  power   to  settle  and  adjust  this  question 

anless   by  special  delegation,  and  this  if  known,  to 

the    government  of  the  Uidicd  Slates,  would  iiave 

drawn  from  them  a  correspondent  delegation  of  povv- 

«■  witii  a  view  to  its  adjustment. 

But  the  governmeiu  of  the   United  States  were 

aware  ihat  hij  excellency  possessed,as  incidental  to  his 

military  comiuatiil,  the  power  of  making  exchanges. 

relative  to  tiie  prisoners  made  from  and  by  his  com- 
mand, wliicii  did  not  compr  imit  the  principle  of  the 

British  government  on  this  point,  and  therefore  h.al 

in  view  to  delegate  a    corresj>ondlng  pov\er  to  I)iig  1  or  who   may   be   prisoners    of  '.vai",  other   than  ti.c 

\^c\\.  Winder,  as  it  is  considered  they  have  entirely  j  nbove  fortv-cix,  shtdi  lie  released  aiia  exciiangud. 
lone.  Brig.  gen.  Winder,  in    his  note  of  tiie  9Lh,   made 

his  pniposilions  as  exicnsive  r.s  he  v.-as  allowed,  but 
considered,  at  the  same  time,  tliat  if  in  iis  whole  ex- 
tent it  was  not  acceptable  to  his  excellency,  lie  would^ 
hold  himself  ready  to  embrace  any  modification  of 
them  which  might  be  more  acceptable,  and  witiiin 
brig.  >;^t^.  Winder':,  power. 

This  pro;)osition  appearing  to  brig.  gen.  V/inder 

to  be  so  entirely  witiiin  the  principles  coiitaineu  in 

col.  Baynes's  note,  he  feels  the  most  sanguine  assur. 

1  rjtce  91  its  acceptance,  and,  ^*•rt^TplU  inccinbcring  it 


Tiie  government  of  the  United  States  conceiveil 
that  a  relinquishment  of  the  twenty-three  original 
hostages  taken  by  them,  would  be  comproniitting  the 
principle  on  their  part,  and  decline  to  give  a  power 
to  this  extent — thej,  of  the  contrary,  do  not  ask  a 
release  of  the  twenty-three  men  sent' to  England,  be- 
cause that  would  be  relinquisiiing  it  on  the  part  of 
the  British  government.  The  power  to  take  up  this 
question,  it  is  prc.'iunied,  has  been  delegate  I  to  the 
^liuniSlSioiI^e  ^b«ut  to  r,5:j«r,:ble  at  Gottcuborg. 


^IJiTLEMEWT  TO  I^iLES'  ilE(;l8TEll— EXCIIA]?;GE  OF  PIllSONE'lS- 


with  any  thing  else,  he  hastens  to  submit  it  without 
delaj'. 

XSignied)  "VV M.  Wl  X DEK, 

Bri^'-.  Cen.  U.  S.  ^irmy. 
No.  4. 
I[EAr>-QUARTF,KS,  MONTREAL. 

Jcljutant  General's  Office,  \2ihJpril,  1811.    _ 
Coh  Baylies  has  1o  ackuow  ledg-e  hris.;-.   t;-fc-n.    Win- 
der's noteot'tlie  11th  inst.  and  is  commi-.ndwl  to  ac- 
quaint him,  that  t!ie  coniniander  of  Uie  forces  con 


consent  to  ihc  propr):5ed  exchfinf^c  of  h>-i;^.  Y,'^n.  Win- 
der, as  ajiroper  [ireliriua,ii-\  iiica.sai-e — but  a  dub^e- 
qnent  co^imiunicaiion  fiom  the  secretary  of  iliA 
United  Stales,  hcin^-  received  by  bri  c-  xen.  Windei-, 
•iiid  rcpieacnied  by  hin»  o  have  introduced  inio  tiie 
fi.^t  jiisluiciidiK,  ;d rend  ions  in  tl-.eniselvc:;  inad- 
ndssubic  in  p;in<  ipie,  and  VliaL  the  h.iiSie  liad  been 
omitted  by  e:roi- ill  transcribiiig'  the  iirst  copy,  and 
vvere  Uieiefore  to  be  consiilered  as  nirniinej  tlie  text 
ands])irit  of  ihe  proposition,  'i'iu  comniande!'  ot'ilie 
Sents  to  an  exchanire  of  liostages,  and  all   otiieis,    <'>ce.s  considci  ed  hiins'diabsolvtd  from    Ids  assent 

■       ■     '     '  '  .        .•  ..       to  H  docuinCHl,  \rhici)ii.id,{Vom  iheact  of  thepropoi- 

injr  party,  l)ic'>nie  a  nuliitj-,  and  ihcreb\  canceiiin.n 
wbaiever  niiu^bt   have  enian:atd  irom  ii,  and  that  lie 


prisoners  of  war,  in  confcrmin  to  the  scaie  ol  tne 
ca»tel.,  under  the  jn-eviously  stijiuhitcd  conditions 
necited  in  his  note,  viz.  That  the  twenty  tliree  Brit- 
ish soldiers  first  confined  as  hostaj^es,  and  the  ibrL_v 
six  American  officers  and  non-c(niimissioned  officers, 
csonfined  as  liostiiges,  in  retaliation  for  the  same,  re- 
main untouched,  and  be  not  included  iu  tiie  present 
proposed  excliang'e. 

It  appearing- tliat  the  American  p^-overnmeat  assert 
tr>  have  placed  seventy  seven  British  officers  in  con- 
finement as  liostages,  and  the  ri.a^ht  to  retaliate  in  an 
•qual  number,  being  assumed  by  the  commander  of 
t!ie  forces,  it  would  be  necessary  to  place  thirty  one 
American  officers  in  similar  restraint,  it  order  to 
hold  seventy  seven  to  restore  in  exchange;  but  to 
avoid  the  performance  of  so  unpleasant  a  task,  it  is 
propose<l  that  it  be  taken  for  granted,  that  this  fur- 
ther act  of  retaliation  has  been  carried  into  effect, 
and  that  the  number  of  hostages  on  both  sides,  bein;; 
•qual  in  number,  amounting  to  seventy  seven,  are 
declared  released  as  hostages,  and  placed  on  tlie 
footing  of  ordinary  prisoners  of  war,  to  be  exchaav 
ged  as  such,  in  conformity  to  the  cartel. 

That  this  measure  take  place  immediately  in  Que 
bee,  and  with  tlie  least  possible  delay  in  the  United 
States  and  Halifax. 

The  exchange  contemplated,  is  to  include  every 
i  idividual  held  as  a  pri.soner  of  war  connected  with 
the  army  of  British  north  America,  commencing 
fiom  the  firiit  act  of  hostilities  on  either  side,  ex- 
cepting only  the  twenty  three  British  soldiers,  and 
t  e '"nriy  six  American  officers  and  non  couiinission- 
e  1  officers  to  be  rescrvexl  as  liOatagcs,  i<  be  iiig  fnrtii 
e.' stipulated,  that  the  last  mentic^ned  fn'iv  six  will 
he  placed  on  the  footing  of  ordin;u'y  pi-isonersoi  war, 
and  exchanged  as  such  whenever  the  twenty  three 
T^ritish  soldiers  are  so  released  or  delivered  over  for 
exchange. 

The  details  contained  in  brig.  gen.  "Winder's  note 
'if  the  9th  inst.  are  accepted  of,  as  forming  the  out- 
line for  a  mutual  aiTangement  for  carrying  this  ex- 
c  lange  into  effect, 

(Signed)  EDWAUD  BAYNES, 

Adjulunt  General,  A\  A. 
No.  5. 
HEAD  QUARTERS,  MONTREAL, 

AdjvUint  General's  office,  \2th  Jlpril,  1814. 

Colonel  Baynes  has  to  acknowledge  brig.  gen. 
AVinder's  note  of  this  day,  and  is  commanded  to  ac- 
q  laiiii  him,  that  ihe  commander  of  tlie  forces  has  no 
o  ijeclion  to  the  ]jrinciple  upon  which  his  exchange 
!■  proposed  by  the  secretary  of  .state,  as  a  prelitnin- 
a  y  measure  to  liis  entering-  upon  the  proposed  nego- 
ciation,  provided  that  the  basis  ui)on  wiiich  that  iie- 
gociation  is  to  be  conducted,  is  in  its  principle  ad- 
missable  and  holds  out  a  fair  and  reasonable  pros- 
pect ofpi-oducing  the  desired  end. 

His  excellency  considered  the  ))roposal  as  stated 
in  the  secretaiy  of  slate's  letter  of  19lh  .March,  as 
coming  under  the  description,  and  the  accompany- 
ing letter  of  instructions  of  the  same  date,  comport- 
■jfig- with  th.e.same,  he  did  not  hciilutelo  t;-ran,t  his 


was  at  liberty  to  revert  to  the  alternative  su'jgesled 
in  the  secretary  of  statc'.s  first  letter,  and  reject  the 
proposal  in  Coio. 

Col.  Baynes  is  directed  to  inform  brig.  gen.  Win- 
der,  that  it  is  not  his  excellency's  intention  to  sanc- 
tion any  partial  exchange;  except  for  the  express 
purpose  stated  in  the  secretary  of  state's  letter, 'with 
wliich  he  thiaks  it  highly  expedient  and  prnner  to- 
comply,  but  he  must  require  from  that  oiTicer  a 
most  direct  and  unequivocal  assurance,  tbat  he  is  "' 
authorised  to  treat,  and  ratify,  without  re^ervatio:■v 
on  the  part  of  his  government,  a  negociation  on  the 
principles  stated  in  col.  Rayne.,' note  of  the  11th  and 
I'-Jtli,  and  to  gen.  Winder's  note  of  the  llfh  inst.-^ 
in  which  case  his  exchange  will  be  declared  full  and 
complete. 

Brig.  gen.  Winder  will  excuse  this  dein.and,  whicli 
has  become  necessar}',  from  the  doubts  which  he  has 
himself  created,  as  to  the  nature  and  extent  of  the 
restrictions  recentlj^ placed  upon  him  by  his  govern- 
ment, 

(Signed)  EDWARD  B  \YNES, 

AdJiUant  GenenU  ^W  A; 

Xo.  6. 

IHOVTRICAI,,  APItll.  13. 

Brigadier  gen.  Winder  veiy  nnicii  regrets  tlu.tlie 
should  have  failed  in  er^i'Mnuiiic-i'ing  to  col.  H  ui-cs 
in  the  last  interview  lie  exteiU  of  tiie  powers  ci;.ti- 
mnnicatedto  i:im  with  tiio  requisite  oreci^hin. 

It  was  the  intention  ofbrii;.  <;en.  Winder,  tu  have 
stated  that  his  powers  extended,  without  restiie- 
tion,  to  propose  and  agree  to  an  exchange  of  all  l?vi- 
lish  prisoners  of  war  taken  from  tiie  command  of  sir 
George  Prevost,  except  the  twenty-three  men  |)uL 
into  confinement  in  retnliation  for  the  twenty-three 
men  sent  to  England,  to  wliicli  extent  he  now  assures 
col.  Baynes  his  powers  extend,  embracing  all  tlie 
subjects  contained  in  col.  Baynes'  notes,  of  the  lltli 
and  12th,  and  brig.  gen.  Winders' of  tlie  lllh. 

As  it  was  not  the  intention  of  brig.  gen.  Winder 
that  his  excellency  should  have  the  least  question  as 
to  the  extent  of  his  powers,  he  cannot  but  feel  mor- 
tified, that  an  idea  should  ha-\e  been  enter';ained  for 
a  moment,  that  he  intended  to  render  them  in  t!ic 
least  degree  doubtful,  and  he  trusts  this  avowal  will 
remove  all  such  impressiims,  and  cn.nhlecol.  Baynes 
and  himself,  upon  tiie  adjustment  of  brig.  '^cn.  Win- 
der's exciiange,  to  proceed  wiUiout  delay  to  the  ar- 
rangement. 

(Signed)  W.M.  WIVUER, 

Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  Armij. 

■  [It  will  be  recollected  that  the  matters  discussed 
in  the  above  terminated  in  an  amicable  convention,  by 
which  the  United  States  pj'isoners  sent  to  England 
were  put  ujion  the  condition  ofordinary  prisoners  of 
war.  But  the  result  has  not  made  the  ViU-ious  proceed> 
ings  less  useless  for  record-] 
I  Ed.  Registsr- 


«UPPL;i:,:EXT  TO  NILES'  REGISriiR— BIOGRAPHY. 


n 


hlcn\  ivicmoirs  of 


From  ihe  Port  Folio. 

!*,1AJ0R  GKN.  AV  ILLIA.M  liE.NRY  HAKHIECN. 
V/iietiier  lie  wiu),  by  Uie  mere  force  ot  Ins  own  na- 
tive tiileirs  and  personiil  exerlions,  has  emerfjed 
from  ob.sciiiiiy  and  ininibic  birlli  to  honors,  we:ilth, 
and  distiiiciic.n— or  lie  wlio,  born  to  all  tiie  adviinta- 
s<cs  or  opidci.ce  i.nd  splendid  descent,  performs  ac- 
tions wlucli  tend  radiertoMigrr.ent,  than  tc  iir!p:.ir  hi.-> 
jainily  stock  or  honir,  pc.5sesses  the  Injjher  chum  to 


and  personal  services  at  tfie  shrine  of  patriotism  and 
nidicaiy  £»)ory,  it  becomes  our  pleasing  task  to  add 
*hc  conqueror  of  Tipp;icanoe  and  the  hero  of  the 
Thames. 

AIj. g-en.  William  II.  Ilii-rison  is  descended  from  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  respectable  families  of  gentle^ 
men  hi  Virginia.  Tliroug-h  the  earliest  records  of  the 
colonies,  the  name  of  liarrison  may  he  traced  in  the 
hig.hest  order  of  ofSce;  but  our  particular  informa- 
vion  respecting-  it  goes   no  farther  back  than  the 


praise,  is  a  qiiesuon  upon  wjiich  the  opinions  ofip^^!^  f^"'*'"^*^^'^^'^'' ^^' our  present  subject,  who,  tho* 
mankind  rae  likely  to  be  forever  divided.  If  we  lookj'^^  died  young-,  filled  the  chair  of  tlie  house  of  dele- 
Jor  autiioritie:,  upon  wliich  to  decide,  to  the  corps  of  r-^':"}^*^  "^  l*^^*  provir.ce.  His  son  too,  the  grandfather 
hiOi,frap>hers,  we  shall  find  them  altcrna'ely  adopting!'''  "'"'  Willi.un  Henry,  was  a  man  of  considerable 
anarejLcui'g  ciaitr  side,  as  it  appears  to  be  more  or  j"'.^'*,''""'^^*  ''■^^^  influence  in  tlie  colonies;  .and  at 
less  favorable  lo  tlie  pfu-Ticular  .subject  upon  which  i.'f  ^^'f-^'  '-'<-  several  sons,  of  whoiTi  some  held  coTi- 
li.ey  i.re  at  the  time  enip]o«ed,  and'' with  a  pliabiiitv  '  ^"^^rable  rank  afterwards,  not  only  in  the  legislam-e 
of  taste  andaspiri:  or  ;.cconiniodation,  which  do|'***''^.'^^"'3'  of  tlie  state,  but  in  tlie  provincial   armv 


tijual  credit  to  their  higci.uity  and  good  nature,  no 
h-ss  aidnnated  and  cioqiun  in' se. ting  off  to  advan- 
tage the  superior  meiits  of  the  hero  or  ttie  sage, 
tvho  has  sprung  into  distinction  from  the  humble 
truckie-bedot  poor,  but  honest  paients,  than  earnest 
ti)  cnibhi'zon  the  esculciieons  olthose  who  were  born 
iiniUr  canopies  of  stitie,  and  swaddled  in  purple  and 
fine  linen 


(luring  the  revolutionary  war.  Benjamin  the  el- 
dest of  those  .and  the  father  of  our  hero,  rendered 
liimself  particularly  conspicuous  by  his  prompt  a- 
dop'ioii  of  the  cause  of  the  colonies  in  defiance  of 
the  sug,;c!5tions  of  self-interest,  which,  at  that  period-, 
>vo  Id  have  dictated  an  adiier'^nce  to  the  cause  of  tlm 
moiiier  countiy.  His  possessions  iu  the  country  were 
large,  his  personal  influence  was  extensive  and  com- 


TothfediscriTninaling  moral  eye,  however,  a  broad  I '^^'*"'^"'K'' '"^'^  the  consideration  in  which  he  was  he'd 

'^y  I'le '"oyal  government  wa«  of  a  nature  to  sccu»e 
to  him  e\-ery  advantage  he  could  reasonably  hope  to 
derive  fi-om  the  favor  of  the  crown.  Insensible,  how- 


distincli. in  between  ilie  two  is  atoiice  perceptible 
■..'.'A  is  ihe  more  worthy  of  observalion,  becauae  i 


Tt-iids  lo   liiiovv  additi,;ni;l  lustre  upon  one,  without  ,        . 

•diiiii'iisiiing  or  drav,  ing  off  a  i.iy  of  glory  from  tliep^'''^'';  ;°  *'^'^'T  pe''^onal  solicitation,  lie,  on  the  first 
ouiep.  lie  v.no,  by  an  honest  and  judicious  appbca-',''''*^i''^'%'"  ""'-*'*  *''^  revolutionary  troubles,  without 
tion  of  strong  natural  endowments,  undism.ayed  in.j"^^^'.^*^'°"  '"■  delay,  formed  the  generous  resolution 
trepidiiy,  and  unbc;nding  fortitude,  has  risen  supe-l!"  ^'".'ff  to  the  cause  of  his  country— in  defence  of 
•  ior  to  the  depressions  of  an  e::r!y  adverse  fortune  '"?''  \^">i^^^  and  indcpoidence,  to  put  his  property, 
and  burmoiuued  liie  niaiiifjid  obsiacles  with  wiiicl:  '"^  Ijie,  and  all  his  ho])es  on  the  hazard  of  the  die. 


poverty  obstructs  tlie  avenues  to  fame  and  wealtii, 
Iki>  the  n.tril  of  dci.g  what  it  seldom  falls  to  the 
Jot  ot  ii;dividuals  to  ttrict,  and  which  none  but  men 
ot  t-xiraoidin:u-yg;eiiiuscan.,cc.)niplish:  but  tiiesons 
■o!  rank  and  opulence,  are  also,  b\  the  verv  condi- 
ii;;ns  of  li-tii  bu-:h,  exposed  to  ditlicuhies,  hihI  bese 


by  obarucui.iis,  wi.icii  >ho' of  a  very  different  kind,  I '^'^''^^^"^  *"^'"   offices   ol  ...^  ...^ 

aict.o  itst>  hiud    o  be  surmounted.     At  the  call  of;'   '''f'-i"'"'-^  elected  by  his  _  countrymen    to  represent 


nay,  if  it  should  benecessary,  to  lay  them  all  down  as 
a  sacrifice  in  the  struggle — and  iri  a  word,  to  rise  or 
fall  widi  the  fortunes  of  America.  Zeal  so  very  dig. 
interested  naturally  inspired  tlie  people  with  confi- 
dence ill  his  fidelity,  while  of  liis  talents  he  had  al- 
;v;ady  given  such  ample  prools,  as  evinced  his  quaii- 
'^"' ^ ^'"        "'"  the  highe.',t  trust;    he  wa.s 


generous  luiilution,  or  the  soHcation  of  a  virtuous 
ilesiie  U)  beuseiulin  one's  generation,  to  break  fi-om 
the  beviitcliing  embraces  of  luxury,  accommodation 
and  ease,  and  .ijiriiii;  into  the  cold'  and  rugged  arms 
ot  hard:,nip,  danger,  and  privation,  is  an  aciof  iiero- 
isui  wi.icL,  though  i,  sliould  liot  evir.ce-.nore  genius 
or  animal  vjiloi,  certainly  disphtvs  a  more  rc-finXd 
beniinieiiial  courage,  and  is  a  stronger  proof  of  an 
-exalted  seuhc  of  honor,  and  of  lively  moral  exreiience 
than  any  exertions,  however  splendid  or  successful, 
made  under  the  impulse  of  a  stern  neces.sit\,  and 
^viih  a  conviction  on  the  pait  ot  him  who  makes 
1  hem,  liai  any  ciianj^e  they  can  effect,  m:'y  reiulej 
Iiis situation  bettci-,  but  cannot,  by  possibility  make 
it  worse  tiiaii  it  was  beiore. 

To  the  value  of  splendid  and  useful  achievements 
the  adventitious  cii-cunislaiicesofopulcnce..nd  birth 
•  ■an  add  nod) ing,  nor  can  they  detract  from  tliem.— 
The  military  glor}  ofaWelles'le\  cun  receive  no  aug- 
mentation from  his  ancient  and'illustrious  jjedigrt^e; 
butasamoial  agmt,  his  ciiaraceer  derives  infinite 
lustre  from  hi:>  having,  by  iiis  own  early  choice,  io:-i: 
hirnseli  from  tiiC  "ihricc   driven   bed  of  down"  in 

which  he  had  been  nurtured  and  beiakeu  liinistii'  lo  and  fidelity  by  tiiat  a-a^ust  bydy. — Tiierc,  he  appears 
**the  steel  and  fiint\  couch  of  war."  when  he  mi'^-ht 


•die  stale  of  Virginia  in  tlie  continental  congress  du- 
ring the  successive  sessions  of  1774, 1775,  and  1776 
—and  in  the  year  1777,  declining  a  re-election  to 
icongres  ;,  was  ciiosen  speaker  of  the  lo-,ver  bnnic-i 
of  tue  Slate  legioLiture,  in  which  office  he  continued 
lo  act  till  tlie  year  1782,  when  he  was  appointed 
governor  of  Virginia  in  the  room  of  governor  Nel- 
son, who  had  resigned.  In  all  these  dignified  stations 
his  conduct  was  .so  decided  and  beneficial  to  the 
country,  and  he  on  every  occasion  evinced  so  rnucb 
s|)irit,  patriotic  zeal  and  wisdom,  tiiai,  with  eaci» 
successive  gradation  of  ofHce,  iie  rose  in  ilie  esieem 
jffcciion  and  confidence  of  hi^  fellow  citizeii.s,  till 
at  lengdi  lie  re.iclied  the  high  form  gracetl  with  the 
\Vasliin;;toir  ,  .he  Henrys,  tne  Rando'phs,  and  the 
oLlier  iliustrii^viu  men  wiio  formed  thai  splendid  con- 
steilaiioii  of  v.urUiies,  which  will  iinmorcali-ie  the 
new  woild. 

lii  the  unwearied  disclisrge  of  tlieaemost  impor- 
lant  dudes  wc  find  l.im  employed  during  tiie  wliole 
ol  the  . evolutiunmy  war.  L/iuking  to  tiie  journals 
of  congress  we  see  them  filled  widi  rcijeated  lesti- 
nonials  ofthe  implicit  trust  reposed    i\  his   talents 


iiave  lived  j»t  home 'in  ease  and  sio.h,  and 
v.ulg-ar  souls  call,  digiuty 


m. 


wiiai 


i..  tne  catalogue  of  tiiose  who  have  distincriiish- 


is  one  of  die  ihri-e  menib'ji-s  nominated  to  proceed 
.o  \Vasliingion's  camp  in  the  year  1775,  in  order  to 
j,ersuade  the  army  to  extend  liieir  term  ofservice— » 

^^ .ig!dn,oue  ofthe  coinmittee  appointed  to  delermine 

"Si  themselves  by  an  early  victory  over  sloth,  scnsu  ;  .vlieiher  New-Voik  sii'iuid  l;e    liurned  or  dcfeiaicd; 
i*lity  and  easf,  widhv  »  n«:>g!i;ir.iif.r)!Tr,ohlarn-<«  of  I!Tr /.f^r*' f-.-it,  '"rtiruian  of  tiat  Colehratfi  cjinmittee 


'7^ 


SiUPPLEMENT  TO  MLES'  x^EGISTEIl—BIOCRAPIit. 


styled  "the  board  of  war,** — and  lastly,  chaii-iTian  of 
the  r.o  less  dignified  than  memorable  assembly  in 
which  that  momentous  subject,  the  declaration  of  in- 
dependence, was  debated. 

Thus  lionored  and  deserving'  of  Iionor,  lived  tlie 
fatlier  of  erenei-al  Harrison  to  the  year  1791,  when  at 
the  a;^e  of  sixty-live  he  was  gathered  to  his  fore- 
^■ithers,  leaving  beliind  him  three  sons,  the  young- 
est of  whom,  is  the  gentleman  of  whose  exploits  we 
are  now  to  speak,  and  who  was  born  at  the  famil) 
ser.t  in  Virginia*  on  the  ninth  of  February  1773. 

Though  the  property  of  Mr.  Benjamin  Harrison 
was  large,  it  was'not sufficient  to  place  everv  branch 
<ifa  numerous  offspring  in  a  state  of  opulent  indepen- 
dence suitable  to  their  wonted  standing  and  accord- 
tothe  customs  of  the  society  in  which  they  lived.  In 
his  own  talents,  had  they  been  exclusively  devoted 
to  theimprovenientof  his  fortune,  he  had  a  perenni- 
al spring  of  wealtli;  but  those  were  so  entirely  bes- 
lt)wed  upon  public  concern.';,  and  liis  time  was  so 
engrossed  by  tlie  olficial  duties  which  he  had  to  per- 
form at  a  distance  from  home,  that  his  private  ;iffiiirs 
were  neglected  Ly  him,  and  of  course  impaired 
Office,  which  in  all  other  times  and  countries  has 
tended  to  enrich  the  possessor,  brought  nothing  but 
glory  to  our  patriots  of  that  day,  and  Mr.  Harrison, 
while  he  was  asserting  liis  countr/s  indcpcnder.cc. 
was  consttminghis  family's  patrimony.  Not  that  he 
was  addicted  to  any  of  those  wasteful  sports,  muci, 
less  to  any  of  those  degrading  vices,  on  which  splen- 
did fortunes  are  too  often  lavished  away  in  that  state 
Tlis  establishment  at  Berkl)  is  represented  as  a  mod- 
c\  of  elegant  comfort,  and  liberal  but  correct  hospii- 
nlity — in  which,  however,  j)lain  good  sense  presided 
and  banished  that  though' less  prodigality  and  ex- 
travagance which  makes  many  of  the  Virginians 
^'traduced  and  taxed  of  t)tlier  nations,"  and  indeed, 
"soils  their  addition,"  yet,  owing  to  the  causes  al- 
re.-.dv  mentioned  his  fortune  began  to  fail  to  waste. 
j4nd  tliis  suggested  to  him  the  expediency  of  giving 
liis  Ronssticli  an  education  as  would  qualify  them 
for  hicrr.tive  as  well  as  honorable  pui-suits  in  life. 

"SViliiam  Henry,  who  entered  upon  Jiis  educa- 
tion after  his  elder  brothers  had  finished 
theirs  and  been  settled  in  business,  was  at  an 
r>flrly  age  placed  at  a  grammar-school,  from  whicli  ii) 
due  timehewas  sent  to  Hamden-collcge,  where  he 
remained  till  he  completed  his  fotu-teenth  year,  when 
he  was  moved  to  an  iicadcm}-  in  Sotithampton  coun- 
ty. There  he  remained  till  he  entered  liis  seven- 
teenth year;  at  which  time,  being pronoimced  by  the 
principal  well  qtialified  to  commence  the  study  of 
phvsic,  for  which  he  was  destined  by  his  father,  he 
-.vns  placed  for  a  short  ]:)eriod  under  the  tuiiion  of 
doctor  Leipcr,  a  practising  physician  of  respectable 
standing  in  Ilichmond,  and  in  the  spring  of  1791, 
was  sent  to  Philadelphia  to  finish  liis  medical  stud- 
ies. 

It  was  M'hile  he  was  on  his  journey  to  Pliiladelphia 
that  his  fathcrdicd,  and  this  event  determined  him 
to  abandon  altogether  a  profession  which  he  had  con- 
benled  to  Ciitor  upon,  merely  to  gratify  that  gentle, 
man.  The  reception  lie  met  from  all  the  eminent 
professors  of  that  d-y. — Rush,  Shippen,  Wistar,  kc. 
particularly  from  the  first  of  tlicse,  on  account  ot 
tiie  services  rendered  by  his  father  during  tiie  ])ro 
gress  of  the  revolution,  was  insulficient  to  shake  hih 
]?urpose.  But  what  profession  to  choose  in  lieu  of 
the  medical  was  the  question  winch  demanded  the 
tnoRt  prompt  deci.sion,  as  his  brother  had  gi\  en  bin. 
,o  ur.derstand  by  letter,  tJiat  the  pers(,nal  proi)cri\ 

*  Called  Beikly,  it  lies  on  the  banks  of  James's 
ril-"cj-,  twenty-five  mile*  helow  Jiiclmoud. 


left  bv  his  fithsr  fell  shortof  what  would  be  nec<'«>'' 
sary  to  the  successful  pro- ecutiim  of  his  origm;;^. 
solieme  of  life 

The  connexions  of  tl)is  gen'leman,  however,  were- 
respectable:  the  family  influence  was  great.  Re- 
sides president  Washington's  having  a  warm  inter- 
est in  ids  weli'are — he  was  related  to  attorney-gene- 
ral Randolph,  to  colonel  Bassett  and  to  Mrs.»  \Vash- 
ingtoii;  and  Mr.  Randolp  i,  on  being  appoint c;l  se- 
cretary of  state,  offered  him  a  i-i.uationla  his  office 
General  Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia,  however,  liavjiig 
about  the  same  time  projjosedto  hlra  to  take  a  coiii- 
misslon  in  the  army,  he  without  hesitation  agreed 
to  accept  i;,  as  i  liiuitely  more  congeni.d  witli  his 
taste  and  active  disposi'io:i  than  any  ot'ner  situation 
that  he  could  hope  o  acquire:  \  et  justly  apprclien-' 
sivG  tliKt  his  ciioice  would  not  meet  the  approhatioa 
of  his  connexioi^*.;  he  settled  it  that  general  Lee 
should  solicit  die  cammission  at  thewaroffice  with- 
out  communicating  the  matter  to  eidier  of  !iis  i fiends; 
Mr.  Randolph,  oi  Mr.  Morris;  but  the  president  liap- 
peidngto  men  ion  tlie  affJr  to  Mr.  M.)rris,  the  lat- 
ter immediately  requi.-cdour  young  gentleman's  at- 
tendance at  his  lioiisc;  tiiKin  wnich  our  \oung  sol- 
dier suspecting  that  the  objec,  of  the  auiiimo'is  was 
10  dissuade  him  from  going  imo  the  army,  flew  vo 
I  he  war  oflice,  received  his  commission  iii  the  first 
regiment  of  Uni:ed  Slaves  iaf.aiiry, thence  hasteninj; 
!o  judge  WiUon  took  the  necess-.r/ oaths  before  him' 
and  hen  proceeded  with  Miose  docume  its  in  hii 
pocket  to  the  honise  of  Ids  patron  and  triend,  wiio 
expressed  his  en;  ire  disapp  oba  iun  of  the  step  he 
iiad  laken,  but  s.iid  hat  he  would  no  loiger  ojiposc 
it;  and  added,  'You  are  going  to  a  fine  country, 
where,  if  you  s!iould  leave  the  rni}',  y<'U  mav  i-.stab- 
lish  yourself  to  .idvwilage."  Tae  regiment  in  winch 
he  was  commissio  led  was  the  i  employed  onihe  wes- 
tern waters,  under  general  St.  Cldr;  .md  'i\"m\  subse- 
quent events  it.  would  seem  as  if  Jlr.  Morris  had 
spoken  in  the  spirit  no  less  of  the  prophet  tiun  tiie 
friend;  for  tJiat  very  country  so;)n  after  became  the 
sceneof  his  fame,  and  the  high-road  to  his  fortune 
and  iionor. 

Afier  spending  in  Pliiladclpliia  a  few  weeks,  dft- 
ling  which  he  was  empto)  ed  in  t  e  recruiting  ser- 
vice, he  proceeded  to  join  his  regiment,  and  arrived 
at  fort  Washington  in  the  north-western  territorv,  u 
few  davs  after  tin  defeat  of  gener.d  Sl  Clair's  armv 
by  the  Indians.  His  arrival  is  yet  rememhered  by 
several  persons  at  Cincinnatti,  who,  when  he  bec.\me 
a  man  of  consequence  and  popuijn  ity  in  tliat  country 
took  pleasure  in  describing  his  person.  Tne  ensign 
might  have  been  forgotten,  but  the  governor  ani 
the  major  general  buoyed  up  all  the  minute  circum- 
slar.ces  which  would  have  sunk  with  the  poor  sub- 
;iltern  officer  to  the  bottom  of  oolivion.  According- 
ly, we  arc  told  that  enugn  Harrison,  when  Uc  joined 
his  corps  was  a  stripling  of  nineteen  years  of  aget 
tall,  thin,  puerile  in  ids  person,  and  to  all  appearance 
but  wretcliediy  qualified  for  the  hardships  to  which 
a  soldiery  is  liable  in  the  wilderness. — Yet  wivh 
such  a  frame,  softened  by  all  the  comfort  and  deli- 
cacy in  which  tlie  wealthy  families  of  the  southern 
states  rear  up  their  children,  was  our  raill^ary  ttov. 
ice  at  once  exposed  to  the  most  tr}^ing  circumstan- 
ces. 

The  broken  remains  of  general  St.  Clr.ir's  army 
were  ever}-  day  arriving  at  tlic  fort,  naked,  broken 
down  and  dis]yiritcd.  The  period  of  service  of  tiie 
militia  h:id  expired:  the  dctachinent  o.  tJie  second 
cgiment  of  reguU.rs  tluit  was  in  the  ac'ion  under 
St.  Clair,  was  entirely  cut  up,  and  hus  the  task  of 
maintaining  tlie  line  of]  osts  tlu.t  had  been  erecleji 
of  establishing  new  ouco,  aiidoi  ailbrdin^  convoys 


^TPLEMENT  TO  NILES?  REGISTER— BIOGRAPHY. 


•5^3 


^  provisions,  devolved  uptm  an  inconsiderable  body 
rompobed  of  bf  tn'een  three  and  four  Imndved  of  the 
iirst  reg'iment,  and  tlie  miserable  fragments  of  ^^ene- 
Tul  St.  Clair's  sliaUered  army.     The  situation  of  our 
young  soldier  was  now  such  as  mighl  well  have  dis- 
couraged the  stoutest  lieart,  and  disposed    nim    to 
listen  to  the  admonitions  of  his  friends  in   Pliiladel- 
phia— nay,   so  formidable   was  the  prospect   before 
him  tliat  a  friend  wliom  he  met  by   accident  at  the 
foj-t,  a^'ter  giving  him  a  lively  plc.ure  of  the  exces- 
sive hardships  to  which  he  must  necessarily    be  ex- 
posed, with  a  frame  and  constitution  so  wholly  uh- 
equid  to  it,  exhorte<l  himto  resign  his  commission 
and    j-eturn    home  again,  assuring    him    that    even 
though  he  shotddbeable  to  sustain  those  hardsliips, 
it  was  scarcely  possible  he  should  resist  the   seduc- 
tive habits  of  intemperance  wl^ch  at  that  time  pre- 
vailed in  the  army.     All  these  remonstrances  were 
tinavailing.     Taking  counsel  partly  from    his   own 
prrvate  inclinations,  and  partly   from  a.  nice   sensi- 
bility to  sharne,  whlcii  suggested,-  in   exaggerated 
colors,  the  impropriety  of  retreating  from   his  pur- 
pose at  such  a  crisis,  and  perhaps  a   Utile  too  from 
the  apprehension  of  being  ridiculed  by  his  former 
associates,  he  determined  to  persevere,  and  was  soon 
after  appointed  to  tne  command  of  adeiachraent    ot 
twenty  men  ordered  to  escort  a  numbei-  of  pack-hor- 
ses to  "fort  Hamilton;  a  duty  which,  though  it  was  at- 
tended with  singular  difficulties,  disUesses  and  pri- 
vations, and  with  all  the  hardsliips  incident  to    In- 
dian warfare,  such  as  Iv  ng  out  unsheltered  and   ex 
posed  to  the  inclemmcy  of  the  weatjier,  to  rain  and 
snow  and  wind  by  night  as  well  aS  by    day,   lie  ac- 
complished to  such  perfect  satisfaction  that  he    re- 
ceived the  public  thanks  of  general  St.  Clair  for  his 
tonduct. 

Soon  afterwards  general  St.  Clair  set  out  for  Phil- 
adelphia, and  early  in  January,  1792,  general  Wil-' 
kinson  being  appointed  colonel  of  tlie  second  regi- 
ment, took  the  command  of  the  army.  Of  this  event 
general  Harrison  always  speaks  with  pleasure,  as 
making  a  very  interesting  era  in  his  life.  To  the 
goodness  of  general  Wilkinson  he  never  omits  a  fair 
opportunity  of  bearing  testimony,  or  of  declaring 
that,  besides  a  multitude  of  acts  of  kindness  he 
owes  the  preservation  of  his  temperate  habits  to  tiie 
indefatigable  tenderness  and  friendly  admonition  o} 
the  general,  who  not  only  gave  him  tlie  best  advice, 
"but  upon  one  occasion  prevented  him  from  being 
sent  to  a  distant  post,  in  conformity  to  his  regular 
tour  of  duty,  lest  he  should  acquire  from  die  ex- 
ample of  liis  commanding  officer  of  that  post  a  habit 
»f  dissipation.  It  was  by  these  means  Hairison  be- 
■Came  so  strongly  impresse<l  with  the  difficulty  of 
avoiding  liabits  of  intemperance,  that  he  formed  a 
resolution  never  to  cb'ink  more  than  was  necessary 
io  allay  thirst,  to  which  h«  lias  ever  since  scrupu- 
lously adiiered. 

The  successive  defeats  of  Harmttr  and  St.  Clair 
pointe<l  out  to  government  the  necessity  of  adopting 
a  more  effectual  mode  of  repressing  the  Indians,  or 
in  otlier  words,  of  calling  into  action  agahist  them 
"u  larger  force  and  a  more  cautious  system  of  opera- 
tions. Negocia' ions  for  peace,  therefore,  were  sei 
■^<xnfoot,  in  order,  if  possible,  to  bring  tlie  savages  to 
reason,  at  the  same  time  that  an  act  of  congress  was 
^*ssf<l  for  raising  a  considerable  army;  and  in  order 
to  provide  against  tliat  eiror  which  had  occasioned 
the  two  paet  defeats,  viz.  the  want  of  discipline  in 
Ihe  troops,  the  whole  of  the  year  1792  and  the  win- 
der and  spring  of  ^79'Ji  were  employed  in  raising- 
Tiften,  and  instructing  them  in  military  discipline. 
The  new  troops  weir  st  at  ioned  under  general  WajTie, 
a,t  first,  a  few  miles  below  Plttsbin-^,  and  vben  de- 


scending  tlie  Ohio,  were  encamped  upon  its  banks 
below  Cincinnati,  where  Harrison  joined  tliem.  in 
June,  1793,  and  was  appointed  second  aid-de-c:jnp 
to  the  commander  in  chief,  having  been  in  the  I'l-e"- 
ceding  year  raised  to  a  lieutenancy  in  the  first  regi- 
ment. 

In  September,  it  being  undersfootl  that  the  negcv 
cia'ions   with   the   Indians  had   failed  of  etfVct  and 
were  broken oS",  tlie  army,  con.sisting  of  rnir  thou- 
.sand  five  Jmndred  effective  regul.trs,  includiiiK  some 
troops  of  dragoons,  and  of  an  auxiliary  force  of  two 
thousand  mounled  militia  under    the  comm;;nd  of 
general  Scott,  marched  to  Greerville;  but  an  earlv 
setting  in  of  tjie  frost  rendered  it  advisable  to  put 
the  troops    into    winter  quarters,   liuts    were  liiiilt 
and  a  system  of  discipline,  calculated  fov  the  kiril 
of  warfare  in  which  ihey  were  to  be  employed,  waa 
diligently  put  in   practice.     Here  young  Harrison 
devoted  himself  to  the  study  and  pracace  of  his 
profession  with  sucii  success,  that  he  obtaineti  the- 
confidence  of  his  commitnder  and  the  attachment  of 
Ids  associates. 

It  was  not,  liowevcr,  till  the  latter  end  of  Jane- 
1794,  that  general  Wayne  was  enabled  to  march 
from  Greenville,  the  enemy  retreating  before  him  as 
he  advanced.  He  took  and  destro}ed  tlie  town  of 
the  Indians,  and  advanced  upon  the  Britisii  'ort 
lately  bidlt  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids  of  the  Miami 
river.  The  Indians  iiad  collected  in  thatneigiibour- 
hood,  and  on  the  20th  of  August  opposed  the  marci-> 
of  the  American  army,  who  soon  rouied  them,  and 
driving  them  to  within  a  short  distance  of  tiie  Bri- 
tish fort,  encamped  in  full  view  of  it.  In  this  bat- 
tle Harrison's  con<luct  received  the  warmest  ap- 
plause from  general  Wayne.  He  had  been  appoint- 
ed by  the  general  to  assist  in  forming  the  left  wing 
of  the  regular  troops;  a  task  of  extreme  difficulty, 
owing  to  the  thickness  of  the  woods  in  which  thev 
were  posted  and  he  accomplished  it  with  great  skill 
and  effect. 

Thus  completely  vanquished  and  humiliated,  th& 
Indians  sued  for  peace;  in  the  winter  an  armistice 
was  granted  to  them,  and  in  the  August  following  a 
treaty  terminated  ail  tiieir  diiferences,  and,  with 
those,  the  war. 

In  the  autumn  of  1795,  Mr.  Harrison,  now  a  cap- 
tain, was  marnied  to  he  youngest  daughter  of  John 
Cheevfis  Symmes,  Esq.  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
north-western  territory;  and  on  the  departure  ot* 
general  Wayne  tor  the  Atlantic  states,  was  continu- 
ed by  him  in  hi.s  post  of  aid-de-camp,  and  left  in  the 
command  of  fort  Washington.  In  the  former  of" 
these  offices  lie  remained  till  the  death  of  general 
Wayne,  which  happened  in  the  course  of  tiie  follow- 
ing year. 

In  1797  captain  Harrieon  finding  the  country  repo~^ 
se<l  in  pence,  left  tlie  army,  and  was  in  a  few  weeks? 
afterwards  ai»pointed  secretary  of  the  north-west- 
ern territory  in  the  room  of  AV.  Serjeant,  Esq.  who 
was  raised  to  the  office  of  governor  of  the  Missis- 
sippi teiTitoij'.  In  the  year  1799  he  was  sent  as  a 
delegate  to  congress  from  the  north  western  terri- 
tory, and  had  an  active  share  in  bringing  thi-ough 
congress  the  law  for  changing  the  defective  sysier:* 
that  had  been  in  usefor  the  sale  of  public  land.s,  and' 
in  introducing  tite  phm  now  in  operation.  He  wa>} 
in  fact  the  person  who  originated  that  measure,  tn* 
happy  effects  of  whipli  upon  the  treasury  of  tlip- 
United  States  are  now  acknowledged  b\  every  orws. 
for  it  has  been  ascertained,  that  the  immense  growtk 
of  population  which  enabled  that  territory  in  a  short 
lime  after  to  become  one  of  the  states,  and  ^t  this 
lime  not  one  oi'  ?^e  s^BCofts^t,  «»««§  rfn^atfj^  ^^^ 
tkat  plan.  '^ 


wy* 


7'h 


Fd:V?lA\y.EST  TO  NIL1^:S'  UEGiSTKR- 


^Vh*^'!  •iie  f"-'innr>  tCT':-i''''-.T  ■'.t'ns  fbi",nc;l  o\u.  o*'  a 
tt.ir^  of  f'/e  n'ii'th-\Vc;*e;-:i,  M''.  l?  li-risoii  wiis  :'.r'i'><'!:<- 
tca,  'jy  Mr.  Adr'.ms,  ''^\f  fir.it  pfovcrnir  of  i';  :iii(l  in 
the  venr  IS'il  remnvcvl  lo  the  C'-pit-il  of  it  (V'i,!- 
rcnne.;)  v.U]-:  Krs  .♦Vnvi!',--.  'AH  the  expivatiiin  of  tl>e 
ll-,rec-ve:M-"  f'^"  wjijch  lie  h  \d  l-.i^c-iuiipoinlcd,  lie  wa-; 
icr-i.i  noiiiiii:tlpdtc,  Ill-it  ofTicf  tn  Mr.  Jfffcrson,  h'v! 
e  'nlih.iK'd  to  retain  il  uiidc.  3ii-.  ?>li(ii~-on  \i\]  '<e  w'li 
■f  ^.lled  to  the  c  •■iri'irnil  of  ilio  noi-tli-v.'eslcrri  army  at- 
tf^rtl-.efiill  of  Detroit. 

Dii-infT  his  ;ulniini-itr  ition  he  directed  ids  r.ttpr.- 
tion  to  ^iie  di'sc-ipliiiiijr  oi"  the  mililia,  .'nid  exerted 
idmsplf  ill  I'ldei'.vfiriru;  to  civilize  and  l>e;tcr  the 
condition  ci  '.he  Indiiii  tribes  \h:\  fell  under  lii.s  m\- 
*icviiiiendai.ce.  In  lii<i  IcitevM  to  p-zvcrnor  Scott  f:i 
Kentucky,  which  have  been  ])',iblislicd,  and  i;i  hi.i 
speeches  to  tlie  Indiana  len'isl.iMire,  he  slremionsiy 
recoTTimeifidcd  tlic  svstem  f)ft!ieold  rcpidi'.ics,  under 
whir'li  inilifan  iri^triidiun  ".'us  coiiniienced  at  school. 
Ii?cni>senviev.cPof  tlK»t  rtcommendaiion  ilie  United 
vitatcs'iT.'ivc'n.  seciioti  ofe.ich  town.sliipoi'  Indiana  foi- 
the  use  ^f  schoiils,  and  an  entire  townsiiip  near^'iii- 
Yetinc.- tov.Tird'i  the  ofiiaMislinicnt  of  a  college,  for 
uie-exprtss purpose  of  nuli'ary  insli.ution. 

(y^his  siTiAictv  to  secure  til c  Indiansfi-om  inqtiii.- 
t;id( -'nd  *he  agressions  of  tlie  whites,  io  promote 
their  oivilizafion,  nnd  to  indore  them  to  raise  domes- 
tic iitirtnrds  as  a  sub.siiiute  for  the  wild  g-.iine  whioh 
vas  rapidly  decreasinf'^,  his- specche.sund  message; 
to  the  iejr'i^'V.itnre  of  I;.diann  bear  abundant  testimo- 
iiv;  while  t'tie  marn  advaiitai-^coiis  treaties  he  [.ladc 
Y\'ith  tl^cTi' )5rcve  his  ponidavilv  \\i:ii  that  sinf^i'.lr 
raceof  beinj-'R.— oit  r.iilil!  strdng'er  proof  is  this: — 
A  few  bf'the  part}'  at'ached  to  'th**'  pfopliet  .cave  out 
that  ti\c  tribes  who  Signed  ihs  iv&u^y  at  fort  Wayne 
in  1809,  were  overawed  by  a  lai-^c  force  into  that 
•ineaf=;ure,  contrary  to  their  inclinations.  This  was  n 
I'aulaspers'ion;  '"or  the  tnith  has  been  established 
?)Pvond  conti'ovtrsy,  that  Rt  the  timeof  Hc.^-ociu'.iiii^- 
there  were  no  niore  tlir.ii  thirty  .soldiers  alon',  with 
•governor  Harrison,  while  thie  Indians  Amounted  to 
inorc  than  tij^itcfi  JHiiidietl — and  he  was  entire]} 
in  their  power,  havino-slept  at  a  house  half  a  mile 
frf>m  the  fort. surrounded  by  a  multitude  of  Indians; 

The  civil   administration  of  jreneral  Harrison  as 
governorof  the  territory,  thoug-h  not  attended  wiih 
'■>such  .splendid  circumstances  as  his  nniitaryachieve- 
mer.'ii,  do  iiim  no  less  credit.     A   minute  detail   of 
his  conducti  in  that  !iij,di  office  would  be   out  of  its 
jilace  insucli  an  article  as  this,  and  cnnld  not  be  very 
interestintr  to  the  reader.     For   the  present  purpose 
it  is  sitfficient  to  state  that  his  nianai^ement  of  the 
tenitorv  oh.taii-c'l  the  universal  applause  of  the  peo- 
-  pie,  and  the  unqualified   apiM-obation  of  the   .general 
j^overnment.     One  evcr,t  of  it,  howevi^i,  meritr;  p.ar. 
tictdar  description,  as  well  on  account  of  its  iriiport- 
RUt  clTects  upon  the  public  concerns,  as  of  its  se-^'ing 
to  illustraie  the  character  of  iceUend  Harrison— we 
TTiean  {]\e  expedition  on  the  AV^>bash,  in  die  autumn 
of  l8fll,  which  ended  in  die  victory  of  Tippacanoe. 
'"■  '  A  confederation  of  Indians  under  the  command  of 
■'fi'Shawenese   imposter  of  cons.idtrul)ie    t.ilents  and 
great  p.mhition,  wlio  passed  for  a  propiiet,  and  by 
'  tV'-.!  means  acquired  vast  influence  and  a  powenul 
'  Rs'cendancv  over  the  savag-es,  had  (or  some  time  ex- 
cited the  vij^ilance  of  the  Indiana   g'overnmcnt,   and 
•  *t  len^h  prrcetded  to  such  an  alarinini^  extent  as  to 
render  it  necessary  either  to  brinf^  them  to  terms  of 
.flefmite  accommodation  by  amicable  treaty,  or  to  re- 
.<ducc  them  by  force  of  arms.     Accordinj^ly,  gover- 
nor Harrison  collected  an  army  to  go  apj-dnst  them; 
sand  in  order  to  avoid  if  possible  iiaving  recourse  to 
the  sword,  an';'  to  tak*^    advantage  of  tiie  alternative 
r<fn«j»cifttisn,  iif  the  projik|J  »nd  h}^  people  shpvtd 


tV'el 'dispr.!^:d  ;o  .in  nmicabic  ;a;i'istific;-;t, he  he-vk-l 
tlie  aniii  hi:nself     .Vs  he  appro  iched  'die  i)ro;)het"s 
*'>%vi(,  he  r'landit  necessary  to  proceed  with    tl'e  ut- 
most c;.i:'i.5n,  uoto'iiy  to  iiviid  ;iii  ambuscade  'viiicit 
the  tre  chery  of  the  enemy  Would  iinvc  provided  for 
i)i:-i  rcccpdon,  but  to  proc;irc  aii  interview  with  tliem 
in  order  toicarn  tiuir  ohieot,  and  open  auc,::;'0'ia'.i(tn 
widi  ilieir  cliiels.     Tlie  conduci  of  t'le  I.idi'ins,  .is 
her.dv.-'.riced;  not  only  just  ihcd  but  increased  iiissuLi- 
picifjns,  and   sug'^ejteLl  to  lii,n   tlie    expcdic-icy  or 
icecpin;;-his  mcndrau-n  up  in  conUantoi'der  of   oat- 
ti«,  and  even  of  inakinp;'  them  sleep   ready  dressed 
and  accoutred,  to  pi-evjut  tlieir  being'  takcu  by  s'f- 
prise.     j)aring-  the  wliole  of  his  last    day's    march, 
oarties  of  tlie  savages  w  ere  seen  cor.'inually  lurkiiv^- 
in  Lis  Way  and  hovering-  about  'die  tliickets  on  eii.cr 
side;  but  every  effiiv.  to  speak  s-,ith  diem  was  found 
ineffectual. — AV'heii  our  array  came  near  the  pro])het's 
town,  an  American  c  .'ptain,  wtb  a  flajr  and  mi  imei'- 
I  prefer,  was  dcspa.clicd  to  request  :i  confcre.icc;  b>!t 
die  !i!di:L>:s  appqarin;.^-  on  both  his  fla'iks,  striving  to 
I  cut  him  oil',  U:e  captain  was  recalled,  aild  the   f/;ov- 
j  cnior,  tindin,<  etery  attempt  t;^  bring  tiic  savage-s  'o 
a  parley  answcied  with  contempt  and  insolence,  re- 
solved  to  encamp  hn-  Uie  night,  ..nd  in  the  morning 
to  take  some  efl'cctuul  nicansof  openinga  conference. 
\{  lengtii  a  person  wlio  wassnid  to  be  of  high   esti- 
mation with  tlie  prophet,  cmic  forward,  expressed 
surpri'ic  at  our  troops  having  advanced  -jo  rapidiy, 
and  addetl  that  his  ciiicf  was  given  to  understand,  ijy 
ti\c  persfiina  who  had  been  sem  to  him  a  few  ih\y>  be- 
fore, diat  the  governor  would  not  advance    to    'iic 
prophtL's  town  until  he  had  received  an  rduswer  ito 
his  demands— that  his  answer  had  beerv  despatched 
byaciiief  who  accompanied   back   tii.e    .governor's 
messengers,  but  who  ii.ui   unfortunately  missed  ihe 
army  by   aking  Uic  road  .-jn  the  otlier  sideof  tne  riv- 
er.     Tlie  governor  ansuei'cd,  th-it    he  had  no  inten- 
tion of  attacking  them  until  heslviuld  discover  tiieir 
jntontion.s — that  he  would   enc.on;;)  on    the  Wabash 
that  i\igh.,  ;.nd  on  the  next  moi!*ing  would  have  an 
interview  witii  the  jiropliet.     In    the    nie.aitime  he 
assured  the  man  tiiat  no  liostilii  ies   shouhl  be  com- 
mil  ted  on  the  part  of  his  arniv.     The  chief  .seemed 
much    pleased,    and  promised  that  the  condiiions 
shou  d  be  fait'fuilv  reciprocated. 

Th;it  night  the  governor  encamped  his  army  ia 
line  of  battle,  and  ordered  ilio  troops,  even  wlien  it 
was  their  time  to  lie  down  to  sleep,  to  keep  their 
accoutrements  on,  so  that  they  mi.vlit  on  die  slight- 
est alaim,  be  readv  for  action  without  a  moment's 
delay.  Tiicy  were  regul.u-ly  called  uii  an  hour  be- 
fore  day,  and  kept  under  arms  until  it  wa  -  quite  light. 
In  the  morning  tlie  governor  arose  himsJfat  a  little 
after  four  o'clock,  and  tiie  signal  for  calling  out  the 
m.e"  would  have  been  given  in  two  minutes,  when  an 
attack  v/as  commenced  by  the  savages  upon  the  left 
flank  of  his  camp.  Oidy  one  gun  (says  the  goyernoi* 
in  his  letter  to  tjie  secretaiy  of  war)  was  fired  by  the 
centinels,  or  die  guard  in  tliat  direction  who  made 
norcsisiaiice,  but  abandoned  their  officer,  and  fled 
into  die  camps  so  tliat  die  first  notice  wldch  the 
ti-oops  had  oftheir  danger  was  from  the  yells  of  the 
savages  within  a  short  distance  of  the  line,  but  even 
undsr  those  circumstances  the  men  were  not  wanting 
to  themselves  or  to  the  occasion.  Such  of  tbein  as 
were  awake  or  easily  awakened,  sci/:td  their  arms 
and  took  their  stations — others  who  were  more  tar- 
dy had  to  contend  with  the  enemy  in  the  doors  of 
their  tents. 

Under  all  those  disadvantages  the  men  all  took 
their  stations,  and  governor  llarrison  mounting  his 
horse  ix)de  to  the  place  where  the  attack  was  com- 
menced, i«^d  ma^l?  sijfh  a  disposjU^Ji  oi'I^'s  forces  »$ 


S:PPl.i';M^^>;r  TO  NiLKS'  llKlHSTI-lR—BlOtriiAriry. 


•soyii  orppellcd  t'iesr(v;ig-e;tn  repent  of  tlieiDreacii-jOf  Fort  Mt'is;:-:.  J'orc  he  iiud  ail  rii;;  litorss  dopOM- 
trv;  Ihcy  were  driven  bt-roi-e  (.ii-  in  Tiui'.  .•;.-,. it  the  led  by' he  f-ad  of  the  'ix  iaier,  w.icii  ihe  Mi  ilii^li  'iffi- 
poiiit  of  tiie^.iyoiie:,  and  the  dragoons  puiMied  ;i  id, cer  who  ccnimiuidcd  in  ihat quarter,  treUini]'  inte;- 
f  )rccd  them  ii-ito  :i  m.ii'sli  v/h  ere  they  could  lo'  be.tig-enceoftliesiiua.ion  or' thef.rt  a:ido'h3  contents'; 
IMIo'.ved.  In  fiiie,  they  «vere  routCil  in  ;dl  quarters, jVejolved  to  ninte  un  attempt '.o  uke  it,  i;iv-if;iniiijr 
a -d  omplelely  di  p-rsed  In'  t!ie  valor  and  disciplinej  di;;t  it'he  c;iiii  I  :^cf•ampiisl)  T'n.e'r  i  iipturc,  the  loss  oc' 
of  our  ciiizens,  und  Uie  very  able  dispyjillons  n\  liisjUie  ;ir;illery,  lUiHi.iry  s'ore,,  :ind  provisions,  would 
iprccsmiide  by  the  g'overnor.  _        ^  _  jcfil-pHriUy  embarrass.,  if  not  entirely  prvvi.nt  tlieop--- 

Tiie  conductor  governor  H  ;rrison  had  before  thi.sjer;iiioi>.s  ofonryrniies  i()rt'ie  follow  ingcam->aign.  ' 
event  rendered  hint  exiremely  popahu-  in  ;>il  titej  (Jener.d  IVoctor  ii-d  been  ordered' to  reinforce  the 
c-vnntryth;i',  lie.j  upon  the  banks  of  the  western  v.-.i-UV-iisii  iu-niy  on  l.l,e  Xiag.tra,  but  the  contiguity  of 
ters. — And  Ifs  jji-onip;.  x.v\  decisive  nu-asuros  agidnst ;  fr^rt  .vFeigi  to  \i.ig\ir,.i;tnd  Uc'.roit,  over.nvod  hir.;', 
t!u  Indiiins,  wliicii,  b_\  hre.ikin--up  v.'iKit  wus  suijpo  -and  diere  is  liUi«  doubf  t'uit  the  eitablijiiment  of 
sod  t  '  be  11  forniid^il;':?  cmspir-icy  ag.unst  the  peuccjfo'-  ^■leig^s  postponed  the  f.i'e  of  Xia:;\tri.  Nut  d;ir- 
•x,\\  security  of  tlie  iiih.Ujivintsof  the  Indi  in.iterrito-  ing  to  leave  k  in  iiii  iieignborliood,  l*rocto4' re.-olved 
rj ,  cndenred  him  slid  nun-e  to  tiieir  hearts.  The; to  reduce  it.  (iener  I  il.irnson,  on  receiving  i.ifor- 
b,  c-..!:ing  out  of  t!:e  \v:ir  vviUi  (ire.it  Britain,  soon  :»F-jrnation  to  lh:it  eitect,  iuistenel  from  Cincinauti, 
ter  enabied  idni  to  re.p  fresh  laurels,  anil  not  onlyj'.vhere  lie  tnen  wxi,  with  all  the  furces  lie  could  col- 
tor;  ise  himself  still  hi;,-iierin  their  es'.iinaiion,  but  jiect,  and  nn  t':e  twenty  sec -ul  of  April  arrived  at 
to  extcr.d  his  pr.puLui  y  to  all  other  p.u-ts  of  tlic  ft/rt  Muigs,  wih  tnrec  hundred  men,  wliich,  witlt 
uni  .;i  I  tho.se  already  U;cre,  made  tnc  wliole  of  his  force  not 

T:;e  c.'.pture  of  geneiid  JIuil  and  ins  army,  and '  more  iium  iiftoen  iumdred  iiicn;  one  tliird  of  wlionn 
tlie  surrender  of  the  Micnig.in  tcrriory,  which  hap-  during  the  siege  wei-e  on  the  iiclv  reports.  Tliis 
pe  led  ir.  Auguit  181 '2>  instead  of  depressing,  g.ive  a  force  .vas  not  a  third  part  of  wiiai  ought  to  have  beeu 
iie'v  spring  to  tiie  spirit  o.  tiie  A'ueiican  people,  and  assigned  to  'hj  iefence  of  such  an  important  .st-tion. 
s. ':■:)  Lted  to  more  vigorous  exerdons,  tile  execu-  Tne  ^.ecrelary  at  war  was  early  enough  appriserl  of 
ti>e  government,  who  ex;'.sper.ited  at  the  baseless  of  dt;  butnegieced  'o  autiiorize  gener.d  Ilar-.ibon,  irv 
tiua  transaction,  and  inipatientoftne  stain  which  it!  time,  to  expedite .isuiS'^ientnurabur  of  troo;>s.  Ilaiv 
tlireatcntdto  fix  on  tiiena/ional  cliaracter,  formed  a:  rison  iio'.veviir  threw  up  ne.v  b./..tcid':s;  the  officers  as 
determina'.ion  to  have  immediate  recourse  to  mea-:  well  as  .soldiers  wjj-iced  in  ti;e  dilclics,  on  the  2Ali 
.■jures  for  rei.tking-  that  territory  and  wiping  olf  that,  tiie  eneniy  appe.ired;  on  vhe  28di  the  fort  was  coiti- 
disgrace  from  their  arms.  Accordingly,  without  i  jiletely  invested — and  on  the  first  of  Mav  the  enemy 
foreseeing  the  many  obstacles  whicn  stood  in  tne'openul his  battery  and  condnucd firing  till  the  iifth. 
•way  of  dieir  purpose,  and  of  course  witiiout  provi-i Tiie  general's  quarters  were  iti  the  centre,  and  iii 
ding  means  to  surmoiuit  dicm,  the  cabinet  issued;  decidedly  the  most  exp.-jse  I  part  of  the  fort.  Du- 
yrders  to  general  Harrison,  urging  him  to  advance  ^s  rmg  tlie  siege  several  snot  passed  through  his  mar- 
far  as  Dcu'oit,  and  if  jiossible  to  reduce  .Malde:;,  di  i  quee,  several  of  his  domt-sdcs  were  wounded,  atid 
ring  tlie  fall  of  the  year  or  in  the  ensuing  winte.-.;  captain  M'Culloch,  while  sitting  by  the  general's 
T.ic  dcsii-es  of  government  were  seconded  by  tiie  fire,  had  tlie  back  part  of  his  skull  carried  away, 
voice  of  the  people  at  large — panicularls  of  those  During  the  whole  time  general  Harrison's  fare  was 
o!i  rhewestern  waters,  whose  ardent,  iiasty,  and  on-' the  same  as  thatof  the  c>mmon  soldiers — in  no  nigiit 
governirde  patriotism  renflercd  them  intolcr.Jit  of;  tluring  the  srvge  did  he  sleep  more  than  an  hour, 
tlela\;  and  tiie  ;.,e;ic;ral,  anxious  to  comjily  with  tlie  and  indeed,  lie  in  genera;,  when  in  the  neighbor- 
orders  of  tiie  one,  ;iiid  to  gratify  tiie  wi.-,hesof  the  diood  of  an  enemy,  never  slept  on  an  average  more 
other,  collecting  all  tiie  forces  he  could,  luu-i-ied  onjilian  four  iiours  out  of  the  .S)ur  and  twenty, 
ti)  tiie  frontier,  hiistened  from  post  tojjost,  jmu  eve-  The  defence  of  fort  Meigs  may  be  fairlv  consid- 
ry  thing  in  nioiion,  and  after  encountering- and  over-iCred  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  extraordinary 
coming  a  multitude  of  difficidties,  made  wiih  inces-  events  wdiich  distinguisii  the  late  war.  Exclusive 
sant  l.tbor,  sucli  preparations  as  afforded  tiie  most  of  the  vast  disproportiiju  of  the  annies,  general  Har- 
reasonable  assurance  of  success.  Amovement,  how- rison  Had,  at  the  commencement  of  the  siege,  only 
ever  made  ])reinaturely  and  contrary  to  hi;  orders,  I  six  hundred  shot  of  all  sizes:  for  the  war  depart- 
by  general  Winchester  upon  the  river  llaisin,  and iment  thinking  a  siege  unlikely,  had  mado  no  betteir 
the  consequent  defeat  and  capture  of  thac  ofKcer  and]  preparation.  However,  tiie  general  put  the  best 
his  arm)',  entirely  defeated  the  projects  of  Harrison,  I  face  he  cotdd  ujion  tiie  m.atter,  and  kept  his  want  of 
and  frus.ra'.ed  the  objects  of  the  campaign  for  that 
season.  Finding  it  impossible,  and  indeed  convin- 
ced that,  though  it  were  possible,  it  would  be  im- 
proper to  transport  back  agahi  to  a  post  of  safety  in 

the  interior,  tnc  jirovisions  and  munitions  of  war  I  the  government  of  Kentucky  for  fifteen  hundred  ini- 
wluchliad  been  brouglit  forward  with  so  much  la-llitia.  Tiiosc  he  lioped  would  have  arrived  in  time 
bor  and  exertion,  and  averse  to  have  them  destroyed  for  his  purpose;  but  only  a  part  of  a  battalion  under 
or  al  andoned  to  the  enemy,  tiie  general  ilocmed  it  the  command  of  major  Johnson  joined  iiini  before- 
expedient  to  form  a  post  of  deposit  tor  tliem  and  i  tlie  investment  of  the  fijrt:  the  re.d.due  descended  the  ' 
for  the  artillery,  riddi'.ional  stores,  provisions,  and  I  St.  M.u-y's  and  the  Ad  Claize  as  convoys  to  large 
munitions  of  war,  yei  to  be  li^n-warded  in  preparation 'supplies  on  their  way  to  tiie  lake.  An  express  sent 
for  vlie  nexi.  cainj)aign.  It  becane  necessary  also  to  ,  to  general  Cla}'  to  hasten  forwanl  tliose  troops,  Ibaud 
rover  the  frontiers  from  the  marauding  incursions  of  him  at  fort  Winchester,  with  his  lirigade  reduced 
1  he  savages  in  the  sjiring,  and  seemed  an  object  ofj by  detachments  and  sickness  to  about  eleven  iiiin- 
the  very  first  imporiance  to  secure  the  navigation  or'jdred  effective  men.  'i'o  attempt  to  throw  himself 
the  river  Miami,  down  which  the  great  ))arl  of  the !  into  the  fort  in  the  faceof  an  army  of  more  thari  tnrae 
supplies  would  be  brotight.  For  all  these  purposes  |  times  his  nusniicr  seemed  hazardous,  if  not  rash; 
general  Harrison  seleced  a  fort  on  tlie  Mi.imi   river  yet  generaK-hav  resolved  to  attempt  it  on  tJie  nigh'.» 

of  tiie  fburtii  of  May,  of  whicli   he   sent  notice  to- 
gcm;ri»lUiirns«nj  slating  that  he  would  aiaka  tli3 


ammunition  a  profound   secret — pretending  that  lie 
would  not  harrass  ,:is  troops  by  unnecessary  fii-ing. 

It  happened  that  for  the  purpose  of  defending  tiifc- 
fi-ontier,  general  Harrison  liad  made  a  requisition  on 


at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  to  whicii  out  of  respect  to 
his  friend,  the  goveniur  (»rO!u>,diC  g;.vc  dia  iwms 


ri 


SlJPWiEMENT  ro  NILE:?'  KV^GISTER— BIOCRAFHV 


CfTcjrt  ffsmellme  between  tln-ee  o'clock  of  the  moni-} 
iiic?  ci'iil  l;iv-li,e:ht.  He  did  not  howeve;-  iu'rive  till 
u\ne  o'cl;ick  ;lie  succeetlintj  morning',  owing-  to  l^eavy 
r.iin.s  and  darkness,  and  to  his  pilots  having'  refused 
to  enter  1  he  rapids,  whicli  are  eig-hteen  miles  loni,'. 
?1  e;in time  g'cnet.d  Harrison  considering- that  a  tair 
occ.-iion  w'ts  afforded  him,  uf  playing  off  a  sur|)rise 
■upon  the  enemv,  despatched  captain  Hamilton  to 
g'^neralCl-aywith  an  order  to  land  six  or  eig-lit  hun- 
dred ol" his  men  on  'lie  north  side  of  the  river  above 
ti»e  enemy's  bMtteries,  and  marct.in^  down  under  cov- 
er of  tlie  woods,  to  storm  them,  spike  the  caiibns, 
blow  up  tlie  bakeries,  and  retreat  to  the  boats  if 
practicable,  und  if  not  to  file  off  under  tlie  fooL  of 
the  hill,  where  thev  would  lie  protected  by  the  ar- 
lil'.erx  of  the  tort.  "  Tiiis  order  might,  and  oug-ht  to 


I'iiames,  or  the  mouths  of  its  tributary  streams.  Tli« 
banks  being  low  and  cle;ir  and  the  river  deep,  those 
vessels  were  well  calculated  for  such  service:  but 
wlien,  approaching  nearer  to  the  enemy,  the  river 
changed  its  character  by  the  stream  becoming  nar- 
rower, and  the  banks  high  and  woody,  general  Har- 
rison determined  to  leave  the  boats  under  a  guard 
beniiid  him,  andto  trust  to  the  bravery  of  his  troops 
tbi-  effecting  the  passage  of  the  river.  At  the  third 
uulordable  stream  tlie  bridge  had  beent;Jcen  away, 
and  several  hundreds  of  tlie  Indians  disputed  the 
pas  -age  and  commenced  a  heavy  fire  from  the  op« 
jjosi'^e  bank  of  llie  creek  as  well  as  frOm  that  of  thf 
river,  ii])on  tlie  advanced  guard.  A  few  shot  from 
'WO  six  jxiunders,  however,  soon  disjiersedthe  sava- 
ges, and  served  to   cover  our  men  while  throwing 


have  been  c:'i;ecuted,  and  in  fact,  so  far  as  carryini;- 1  over  another  bridge.    As  our  army  approached  them. 


the  b.ilterics  and  spiking  the  canon,  was  executed 
withoiu  tiielosR  of  a  single  m.ai;  but  colonel  Dudley, 
wlio  commanded  tlic  detachment,  refused  to  let  the 
Ki.'ig.cziiie  be  blown  up,  and  suffered  himself  to  be 
amused  bv  a  few  Indi;.ns,  and  drawn  off  into  the 
bvsh  and  swamp,  while  the  enemy  brouglit  a  force 
ol  double  his  mu-nber  from  tlie  camp,  and  compelled 


the  enemy  set  fire  to  their  vessels  and  stores,  filled 
wi'.h  ordriance  and  other  valuable  property  to  an  im- 
mense amount,  and  left  them  in  flames  as  they  re- 
tieated.  However,  our  arm)'  took  a  number  of  mus- 
kets, two  twenty.four  pounders  with  theircarri.agcs, 
..lid  a  quantity  or' b'dis  and  shells  of  v.arious  sizes^ 
lotjetl.er  wiih  tw(,gua-bo..t.s  and   several   batteau.xs 


all  but  ;(i)()ut  a  hundred  and  'brty  to  surrender,  after  i  loaded  with  provisions  and  ammuniu.)n. 


an  obsthiate  resistatice.  In  tlie  meuiUime  li-encpul 
Ha -risrm  ordered  three  sor' ies  from  the  fort;  in  one 
of  v.:hich,  two  batteries  ooened  by  the  enemy  on  the 
south  of  the  river  were  carried,  the  c8.nnon  were  dis- 
mounted, and  'orty-two  men  and  two  Riitish  ofh 
cers  were 'ake'i.  T!ie  tn'^ses  and  di'^comfi  -ires  liad 
the  effect  of  conrtncing  the  British  general  (ProctO!-) 
Oi"!iis  inabili;v  to  carrs  on  tiie.siege  to  any  prospei-- 
ous  issue,  and  suggested  to  him  tlie  necessity  of 
milking  a  precipitate  retreat;  wliich  he  accordingly 
efff'.c  ed  on  the  9th  of  May. 

T!ie  ne.\t  great  military  Scluevement  of  general 
Haii  ison  w.-is  that  of  the  5th  of  the  following  Octo- 
l)er  on  tne  river  Thames  in  Upper  Canada — v.'hither 


Finding  i'  necessary  to  pass  a  rapid  on  the  Tiiamcs 
a .  a  place  called  Arnold's  Mills,  which  was  found 
LOO  deep  for  th.e  infantry,  the  general  resolved  to 
Uiake  u-.e  of  two  or  tliree  boats  and  some  Indian  ca- 
noes lie  had  taken  on  the  spot,  and  with  the*" assistance 
of  tiiese  and  by  obliging  each  horseman  to  take  a 
man  o:  the  infantry  bdiind  liim,  he  had  tlie  whole  of 
ins  army  crossed  over  by  twelve  o'clock.  He  was 
no-.v  within  twelve  miles  of  tlie  enemy,  and  when, 
advancing  forwui\l  eight  of  those,  he  received  infor- 
mation that  tlie  hostile  detachment  headed  by  gen. 
Proctor  had  arrived  the  day  before  at  tlie  Moravian 
towns,  tour  miles  higiier  u])  the  river,  he  immediate- 
ly directed  the  advance  of  .Tohnsoii's  regiment  to 
he.  had  teUowt-d  tlie  British  .u-mv  under  genei-;d  '  l-asten  their  march  forward  for  the  purnosc  of  pix>- 
f'.i-Qct<ir,  who,  .'is  our  army  advanced,  h  .d  re  rcated  j  curing  intelligence.  Tnasliorttim.etlieorHcerreturii- 
be'bre  it,  jibundoningforL  M  iiden  .mil  Detroit,  after  jed  wilh  tiie  information  that  his  progress  had  been 
h.ivingdc-,i;o\  ed  ;.ll  the  public  buildings  in  botii '.slopped  by  the  enemy,  who  were  formed  .across 
pl'icts.  Oil  the  second  of  that  month  having  ob-'his  line  of  march.  One  of  the  enemy's  waggon- 
ttiined  infoirnation  of  the  force  of  the  British,  the  |  ers  also  being  taken  prisonci' gave  the  g'cacral  ver_A 
general  kft  Sandwich  widi   about  three  thousand  j  material  informat  ion. 

five  bundled  mui  in  pursuit  of  Proctor,  who  was  A  more  able  disposition  could  not  be  made  imder 
pos'.ed  and  s-iidto  be  for'if\  ing  himself  on  the  right  such  circumstances  than  was  now  made  by  genecal 
l»!:.kofilie  river,  at  a  distance  from  Sandwich  of  i  Harrison.  His  conduct  on  this  day  is  distinguished 
fivt\ -six miles,  tviiere,  however,  it  would  seem  as  if 
j,:e  di.d  not  expect  to  be  followed,  as  he  neglected  to 
tskQ  Mie  precati'ion  of  breaking  up  the  bridges  until 
•tive.nig'it  ofthe  day  that  our  army  left  Sandwich. 
©:;tiie  first  night  of  their  march  general  Harrison 
v>ithhi>.  troops  i-enched  one  of  fovu*  streams  which 
cro-*sed  'heir  rou'e,  and  which,  being  rendered  un- 
ibiduWe  by  their  depth  and  muddiness  for  a  consider- 
ui.'-e  di.stance  up  the  country,  had  been  necessai'ily 
furu.siied  with  bridges  Of  these  bridges  the  first 
i-.ad  been  left  entire.  At  the  second,  a  British  lieu- 
tenani  o!'<ii-agoons  and  eleven  privates,  sent  by  Proc- 
tor for  the  purpose  of  destroying  it,  were  made  pris 


by  a  masterly  device  of  his  own,  purely  original,  and 
such  as  none  but  a  bold  and  inventive  genius,  pecu- 
liarly formed  for  the  military  profession  could  h.ave 
hit  upon,  or  would  have  hazarded.  Convinced  that 
the  thickness  of  the  woods  and  swampiness  of  the 
ground  would  render  it  impossible  to  act  on  horse- 
back against  the  Indians  on  the  flankS;  he  determi- 
ned to  refuse  them,  and  at  once  to  break  the  British 
lines  by  a  charge  of  the  mounted  infanti-y:  for,  know- 
ing that  the  American  buck-woods-men  ride  better 
than  any  otiier  people  in  thick  woods,  and  that  in 
galloping  through  them  a  musket  or  riHe  is  no  ina- 
pediment  whatever  to  their  speed,  he  reasonably  un- 


oners during  the  process;  and  from  them  general  Hai'-  ticipated  what  actually  took  place,  viz.  that  the  ene- 


rison  learned  that  the  third  bridfe;e  was  broken  up, 
and  that  the  enemy  had.no  certain  information  of  the 
advance  of  the  American  ar  my. 

Tlie  general  also  found  tiie  second  bridge,  bovp- 
ever,  but  imperfectly  destro}  ed,  and  with  little 
difficulty  repairing  it,  marched  on  up  the  banks  of 
the  Thames  and  encamped  at  a  place  called  Drake's 


my  unprepared  for  and  surprised  by  such  a  shock, 
would  be  unable  to  resist  it.  Conformably  to  this 
resolution  he  directed  the  regiment  to  be  drawn  up 
in  close  column,  with  its  right  at  the  distance  of  fiiiy 
yards  from  the  road,  in  order  that  it  might  be  in 
some  measure  prfit<=ct«l  by  the  trees  from  the  ene- 
my's artillery,  and  witli  its  left  upon  a  fswamp  that 


farm.  In  the  niean  time  the  baggage  of  the  army  was  ran  [>arallel  to  the  road,  and  to  charge  at  full  speed 
bj-ought  up  in  boats,  protected  oy  three  gun-boats,  | as  soon  as  the  enemy  delivered  their  fi,re.  The  rest 
Jturnished  by  commodore  Ferry  for  that  purpose  as  jof  the  army  being  disposed  wiUi  consummate  ability, 
v::ll.as  tocD%*erthe  pis??^eof  the  arro.y,  over  tbcltb«  wiwie  Rioved  iVwittd,  gsasrai  Harris^  b^^-- 


•SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  llEGtSTER— BIOGRAPHY. 


n 


piaced  In  the  front  line  of  infantry  to  direct  the 
movements  oi  the  horsenieii,  and  give  ihem  neces- 
sary support.  After  imving  moved  forward  bui  a 
short  distance  the  latter  received  .he  fire  of  the  Bri- 
tish line  and  were  ordered  to  charere.— The  horses 
jji  the  front  of  the  column  recoiled  from  the  fire. 
Another  volley  was  given  by  tlie  enemy,  and  our  co 
lumn  at  leng-t'h  .ge  ting  into  mouon,  broke  through 
the  hostile  Vi-nks  wiih  irresistible  lorce.  In  oiie 
niiini'.e  the  contest  in  front  was  over.  The  Rricish 
officers  seeing  no  hopes  of  reducing  tUeir  ranks  to 
•icirr,  and  finding  "^^hat  our  mounted  men  wheeled 
upon  them  and  poued  in  :'.noiher  destructive  fire, 
immediaielv  surrenderea,  af  er  a  short  engagement, 
in  whicli  only  three  of  our  troops  were  wounded. 
On  the  lef  ,  however,  tlie  contest  was  more  severe 
between  the  Indians  and  colonel  Johnson's  corps; 
and  on  the  riglit  he  Indians  made  an  impression  on 
De-'-hi-'s  division;  biU  tiie  gallant  and  venerable  go- 
vernor of  Kent'ck'  (Shelby)  coming  to  its  support 
wLtJi  a  reiz-inient,  .he  s:.vaa:es  were  routed  wiili  a 
«onsidcr.ible  loss,  ni:iny  being  killeil  in  tlieir  retreat. 
Six  pieces  of  brass  artillery  were  aken  on  this  day, 
th;ceof  tl;eir.  being  the  tropliies  of  our  revolution- 
ary war,  once  caj-.tured  at  Saratoga  ar.d  York,  and 
Ipief.  sun endeied  to  the  British  by  general  Hull. 
Wlile'lie  nun.her  of  small  arms  taken  by  us,  and 
supposes  lo  be  destroyed  by  the  enemy  themselves, 
amo'unied  to  above  five  thousand. — As  to  general 
Proctor,  he  escaped  by  the  fieetness  of  his  liorses, 
escorted  by  forty  dragoons  and  a  number  of  mounted 
iidi'Jis. 

The  army  of  the  British  in  that  quarter  being 
thus  annihil^. ted  bv  the  skill  and  valor  of  general 
HarrisoTi,  he  returned  to  Detioit  to  await  the  further 
orders  of  hi^  coimtry.  This  was  the  last  of  his  mi- 
litary achievements,  and  we  wish  hat  it  may  remain 
so,  because  we  hope  tha  during  the  lives  of  those 
r.o.v  in  exister.ce,  the  peace  with  which  we  are  at 
last  blessed,  will  not  be  interrupted  But  sinuild 
unfoi'Ui'iaelv  the  reverse  be  ihec.'se — siiouid  tlie 
dirnerican  people,  be  .4-;. in  driven  to  the  necessity  of 
tl,n;.viiig  o!)cn  the  gates  of  the  temple  of  J^uus, 
while  yet  the  vigor  o'  in;'.nhood  rem.iins  to  general 
lI;i.rrison,  unimpaired  by  infirmit>  or  acre,  v\e  have 
no  doubt  tJKiL  lie  will  be,  ms  he  has  hitiierto  been, 
among  the  first,  and  most  disiiiiguished  of  liie  he- 
roes and  defenders  of  this  vepubiic. 

We  will  cor.clude  this  sketcii  with  an  ex;ract  ta- 
ken by  permission  irom  a  letter  of  an  oflicer  of  high 
rriik,  who  served  with  general  Harrison,  and  wois 
his  associate  in  many  a  h;  ii-'s-bread.h  'scape. 

It  was  general  Harrison's  constant  practice  to  ad- 
dress his  troops,  personall),  believing  it  to  be  moie 
eft"ectu;il  than  the  conmion  mode  of  general  ordei-s. 
. — He  never  omitted  an  opportunity  of  set'ing  his 
troops  the  example  of  cheerfully  submitting  to 
those  numerous  and  severe  privations,  incident  to 
the  carrying  on  of  military  operations,  in  an  almost 
tractless  desert,  and  in  the  most  inclement  seasons. 

During  the  campaign  on  the  Wabash,  the  troops 
were  put  upon  a  half  a  pound  of  bread  per  day. 
This  quantity  only  was  allowed  to  the  officers  of 
o\'en'  mnk,  and  rigidly  conformed  to  in  the  general's 
Qwn  family.  The  allowance  for  dinner  was  uniformly 
divided  between  the  company,  and  not  an  atom 
5Vore  was  permitted.  In  the  severe  winter  campaign 
af  1812-13,  be  slept  uivler  a  thinner  tent  than  any 
other  person,  whether  officer  or  soldier;  and  it  was 
the  general  observation  of  the  officers,  that  his 
stccommodations  might  generally  be  known,  hy 
llieir  beiag  the  worst  in  the  arujy.  Upon  the  ex- 
pedition up  the  Thames  all  his  baggage  was  cor.- 


single  blanket,  fastened  over  his  saddle,  and  even, 
this  he  gave  to  colonel  Evajis  a  British  officer  who 
was  wounded. — His  subsistence  was  exactly  that  oi 
a  common  soldier. 

On  the  night,  after  the  action  upon  the  Thamas 
•hirty-five  British  officers  suppeil  with  him  upon 
fresh  beef  roasted  before  the  fire  witiiout  either 
salt  or  bread,  and  without  ;u-dent  spirits  of  any  kind., 
— Whether  upon  the  march,  or  in  the  camp,  th£^ 
whole  army  was  regularly  undei'  arms  at  day  break., 
Upon  no  occasion  did  he  fail  to  be  out  himself,  how. 
ever  severe  the  weather,  and  was  gciierally  the  first 
officer  on  horseback  of  the  whole  army.  Indeed, 
he  made  it  a  point  on  every  occasion,  to  set  au  ex- 
ample of  fortitude  and  patience  to  his  men,  and  to 
share  with  them  every  hardship,  difficulty  and  dm* 
ger. 

Dr.  liainsay. 

[The  following  biograpliical  sketch  of  Dr.  Ramsay, 
will  be  interesting  to  m-my  of  our  readers,  atid  will 
all.iy  U)cir  curiosity  until  ?ome  hing  more  full  ar.d 
complete  can  be  proposed.  It  is  copied  from  the 
Trenton  True  Anierican-] 

Dr.  Ramsay  was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  K.  J* 
in  1748.  He  entered  Princeton  college  at  an  early 
age,  and  took  his  deg-rce  of  batchelor  of  arts  in  1765. 
He  then  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  medicine 
under  Dr.  Thomas  Pond,  of  Piiiladelphia;  and  w^ 
-he  fifth  person  who  obtained  the  diploma  of  doctor 
of  medicine  from  the  Piiiladelphia  .Medical  School, 
then  the  only  institution  of  the  kind  in  America. 

Having  compleed  his  studies,  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  ph\  sic  in  C»cil  county,  Maryland;  but 
not  meeting  with  the  desired  success  in  that  state, 
he  soon  removed  to  Charleston,  in  South  Carolina, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  and  tp  pi-actice  iw- 
til  his  death. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  American  revolu- 
tion. Dr.  Kamsay  took  a  decided  part  in  favor  of  his' 
country.  And  wlien  the  British  obtained  posscssicuj 
of  Charleston,  he  waso.ieof  the  thirty-eight  prtnci-. 
pal  citizens  of  that  i)lacc,  who  were.,  eirh'  on  th'=- 
morning  of  the  27th  of  August,  17^0,  soi/cdin  tfi.  .^« 
beds  by  detachments  of  liritisii  iroojjs,  Imrricd  or 
board  tiie  Sandwica  guardship,  and  transported  Xo 
St.  Augustine.wherethey  were  detained  nearlv  a  vear., 
I)  u-ing  this  gloomy  period  tiie  active  niiivj  of  Dr. 
Ramsay  was  employed  in  literary  pursuits,  and  -p;*;-. 
ticularly  ia  compiling- an  Universal  History,  20  or  .13 
volumes. 

In  1782,  Dr.  Ramsay  was  elected  to  represent  the 
state  of  South  Carolina  in  thecongrcbs  of  the  United 
States;  in  vvhicii  body  he  conii:nie-d  for  four  years, 
for  the  last  six  months  of  wliich  he  peHbrme^l  titft 
duties  of  president.  Wliile  he  was  at  theseat  of  gov- 
ernment, he  employed  every  hour  whicli  he  oouiil 
spare  from  his  legislative  duties  to  collect  ti»e  au- 
thentic matei'ials  from  which  he  afterward  compos- 
ed his  History  of  tlie  American  Revolution. 

Dr.  Ramsay  was  for  many  years  successively  a  r«- 
presentative  of  the  city  of  Charleston  in  the  legisla- 
ture of  South  Cai'olina;  ai%d  was  seven  year*  togeth- 
er president  of  the  senate  of  that»«tiite. 

He  w^s  married  twice  if  nat  oftener.  One  of  hia 
vives  \v:\s  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Witliei-spoon,  former- 
ly president  of  Princeton  College,  and  descKvedty 
high  in  the  esteem  of  the  friends  of  religion,  liherty 
and  literature.  She  died  in  1784,  of  the  scarlet  fever, 
five  days  after  the  birth  oi"  a  son  who  survived  her.. 
Dr.  Rawsay's  lettw  to  his  father-in-law  on  this  try- 
ing occctsion  exhibits  affectiop,  |Ll?^liiiftj»R,d.  jpieiy 


7^- 


.^jJin^LKMSiN'r  TO  NILES'  REGISTEIl- 


-BIOGK.'iP''- 


ili 


His  next  wifs  was  a  daug'hter  of  llenrv  Laurens, 
esq.  president  of  the  continental  congress,  whose 
services  and  sacrifices  in  the  cause  of  his  country 
are  recorded  in  its  history,  andclierished  in  its  mem- 
<»ry,  and  whose  sufFv-rings,  while  a  prisoner  in  the 
tower  of  London,  were  sliared  and  soothed  bv  this 
amiable  andacconipli^hed  claiiLchter,  afterwards  Mrs. 
Ramsay.  She  departed  tliislife  in  1811.  Her  memoirs 
published  by  her  husband  since  her  death,  portray 
her  as  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  and  examples 
of  her  sex. 

Dr.  Ramsay  has  left  a  number  of  cliildren,  sons  and 
daughters.  One  of  tiie  forme]-  graduated  at  Piinceton 
College  in  1812— and  another  is  now  or  Litely  was, 
at  that  institution.  The  daugliters  liave  been  repre- 
sented to  us  as  hii^hly  accomplished  and  amiable:  and 
in  a  letter  now  befo.'-e  us,  Dr.  Kanisay  acknowledges 
in  grateful  terms  the  assisLance  he  derived  from 
t  hem. 

Dr.  Ramsay's  reputation  as  a  Iiistorian,  a  states 
man,  patriot,  and  a  physician,  liolds  a  high  rank  in 
this  country.  As  a  Iiistorian,  p;uticulai-ly,  it  r.iay  be 
truly  observed,  that  no  one  lias  ever  met  with  more 
undivided  and  unqualified  approbatioii.  He  has  luid 
the  singular  felicity  to  satisfy  ajid  to  please  Ids  rea- 
«lersof  all  political  parties  and  religious  sects.  Nei- 
ther in  the  United  States  or  Gresit  Di-itain  has  a  cri- 
tic ever  attempted  to  deny  the  accuracy  of  his  details 
or  to  dispute  the  elegance  of  his  style,  or  tlie  gen- 
eral excellence  of  his  liistorical  writings. 

Besides  numerous  orations,  reviews,  dissertations, 
and  essays  for  periodical  works,  Dr  Ramsay  publish- 
ed during  his  life,  a  history  of  th^  American  Revo- 
lution in  two  volumes,  which  is  unquestionably  the 
most  popular  history  of  tiiat  great  and  glorious  e- 
vent  which  has  been  published — a  hisiorv  of  South 
^rolina,  from  its  first  settlement  in  1670  to  1808, 
in  two  large  volumes — ^a  history  of  George  Washing- 
ton; in  one  volume — memoirs  of  his  wife,  M.irtha 
Laurens  Ramsay — and  an  historic  and  biographic 
chart  of  the  United  States,  representing  the  outlines 
of  American  history  from  1807  to  18.09. 

Of  his  works  left  unpublished  we  are  informed  oi'but 
tv.o — an  universal  histoid,  mentioned  above — ;>nd  a 
^listory  of  the  American  Revohnlon,  on  a  more  ex- 
tensive scale  t!un  that  which  has  bt;en  published; 
and  of  the  United  States  i'rom  thai  period  to  the 
present. 

Of  Dr  Ramsay's  private  character,  the  Charleston 
papers  present  us  a  delightful  portrait.  We  shall  con- 
clude this  article  with  the  following  extract  from  an 
ordinary  notice  which  appeared  in  the  Patriot  of 
that  city: 

"In  the  domestic  circle,  Dr.  Ramsay  was  a  fond 
husband  ;ind  an  anxious  father.  Dedicating  every 
moment  of  leisure  that  was  spared  to  liim  by  an  ex 
tensive  practice,  in  teacliing  his  children  the  maxims 
of  honor  and  religion — in  opening  their  minds  to  the 
light  of  science,  and  the  calm  joys  of  literature — 
in  forming  their  hearts  to  the  love  of  mankind,  and 
lo  the  especial  love  of  the  land  that  gave  them  birth. 
In  all  these  relations  and  duties  of  society,  his  own 
illustrious  example,  was  the  best  rule  to  imitate. — 
Religious  without  bigotry,  humane  and  active  in  all 
his  undertakings— ardent  in  pursuit  of  knowledge 
;  and  indefatigable  in  its  application  for  the  benefit 
of  man — he  was  indeed  a  being  whom  to  know,  was 
to  love  and  respect.  His  loss  is  deplored  by  a  large 
family,  who  will  only  inherit  his  name  and  the  bene- 
fit of  his  virtuous  exafHple — by  his  friend,  who  pro- 
fited by  his  wisdom  and  his  advice:  by  science,  who 
must  deplore  the  absence  of  his  piercing,  prying  in- 
t.eUect/— and  by  his  cotmtry,  who  will  in  vain  look 
for  an  etju^iahis  \vann  ^'4  pcacucal  patriotism." 


The  late  Dr.  Itamstn! — In  tlic  roUowirtg  leti er  will 
be  fo  nid  the  affecting  and  siiockiiig  clrcuinsLaiices 
which  attended  the  last  scene  of  las  life: 

Charleston,  May  25- 

"You have  ere  tiiis  been  informed  of  tiie  de.iiii  of 
Dr.  Ramsay,  b.it  not  as  niinuti;ly,  perhaps,  as  might 
have  been.  Everv  circiinistancj  respecting  tiie  ratal 
death  of  sucti  a  man,  must  beinLcresing  to  all  who 
know  how  to  respect  merit.  Tlie  particulars  were 
tiiese.  About  n()Oiiday,tiiisvenci'able  and  excellent  man 
w:u5  passing  oy  St.  Miciiael's,  near  tlie  corner  of 
Broad  and  Meeting-streets,  (us  public  a  place  as 
my  in  our  city)  when  a  man  by  the  name  of  Li  ming, 
approached  hitn,  unseeji  by  iiimself,  and  siiot  iil:ri 
with  a  large  pistol,  in  the  back  The  goo  I  old  r.um 
fell,  and  was  directly  conveyed  to  his  house,  about 
one  iiundred  and  fifiy  yardsdistant.  The  nuwilcrer 
Was  instantly  appreliPndcd,  and  lodged  i;i  prison.  I 
presently  heartl  anindi-iLiiictaccuintof  what  had  hap- 
pened, and  hastened  tlu-ough  tlio  streets,  enqiiii-ii-,;,'; 
for  one,  whom  age,  leu-ning,  piety,  exemi)hiiy  con- 
duct ami  friendly  attention,  had  rendered  dear 
to  my  licart.  Underitandiiig  that  he  had  been  carried 
to  his  own  houijc,  I  hastened  thither.  Tlie  first  per- 
sons I  met,  were  lii.'j  excellent  daughters;  wortiiy 
their  father  and  their  mother.  They  were  uttiie  door 
of  the  chamber  into  wiiich  their  wounded  p.i^-ent 
had  been  conveyed,  and  in  which  several  physicians 
and  other  friends  had  already  assembled,  f  was  nii- 
ible  to  speak,  for  I  did  not  then  know  wheiiier  liic 
doc.  wasdead  or  alive;  but  holdingout  both  ui}'  hands, 
these  daughters,  equally  distinguished  by  merit 
and  misfortune,  meeting  me  in  convulsing  agony,  ex- 
claimed, "O  Mr. what  lias  happened  unto  us!" 

For  a  moment  I  paused,  speechles:—ilien  entering 
the  room,  I  beheld  iiim  whom  every  good  m;in  loved, 
and  every  learned  m.m  revered,  extended  on  a  bed, 
with  one  of  liis  wounds  exposed  to  view.  I  walked 
ro  Jiid  the  bed  until  his  eyes  caught  me,  wlien,  turn- 
ing his  )ie:ul,wiiicli  for  twenty  or  thii'ty  years  h-.d  been 
adorned  wiili  the  (iawers  of  old  ai^-e,  and  reacliing- 
forth  his  li.ind  to  me,  '"Vou  see,  sir,"  said  ne,  "an  old 
Ulan,  who  dl  1  ".01  know  tliat  he  had  an  eneny  in  i!ie 
world,  shot  down  in  the  ])ui)lic  streets."  Then  rela- 
ting to  me,  tliat  sevi-i'ai  vears  beiiire,  he  and  sjine 
other  physicians  wei-e  rfficially  c.iiled  upon,  to  ex- 
press tlieir  opinion  m  a  professiunal  manne.-,  before 
a  covirt  of  law,  resi)ecting  (he  sanity  of  one  Linning, 
who  then  stood  arraigned  at  the  bar  for  Iiaving  at- 
tempted to  murder  a  Mr.  Baily;  and  that  tiiey  then 
gave  it  as  thei,-  o|iinion,  that  the  prisoner  did  not 
possess  the  right  use  of  hid  intellects.  Upon  w  hich 
he  Was  discharged  from  trial,  and  escaped  the  penaU 
ty  of  the  law:  That  he  liad  been  informed  that  Lin- 
ning  had  declai-ed  lie  would  t;ike  his  life,  for  his  having 
expressed  such  an  opinion.  But  regarding  his  threats 
as  the  unmeaning  declaration  of  a  deranged  man,  he 
took  no  precaution  to  guard  against  him.  He  has, 
however,  said  the  old  g-entle.nan,  "put  it  into  execu- 
tion. I  am  not  alarmed — I  know  my  situation.  Ifl 
have  received  but  a  flesh  wound,  I  may  recover — if 
not,  the  will  ofGodbedone.  1  would  have  it  however, 
remembered,"  said  tjie  good  old  man,  "if  I  die  of 
this  wound,  that  it  is  my  last  re<juest  tliat  Linning 
be  not  hurt;  for  T  did  think,  and  do  still  believe  thart. 
he  is  a  deranged  man."  At  that  time  but  one  wound 
had  been  discovered,  which  was  ascertained  by  the 
surgeons  to  b«  only  a  flesh  wound,  just  above  his  left 
hip.  I  went  to  his  daughters  to  comfort  them,  by  let- 
ting them  know  that  no  fatal  consequences  were  to 
be  apprehended.  But  alas!  on  ivty  reurn  to  the 
chamber,  a  second  wound  was  discovered,  which 
damped  all  our  hopes.  Another  b;dl  had  entered  about 
niidway  his  back,  iie.w  the  spluc.  As  we  ianved,  tWc 


SL  FPI  i- >1E>*T  TO  NH.ES'  REGISTER- BIOGRAPHY. 


79 


..Mi.u  piovc^l  r.iLil— ■'ic  ■■n-c:u'i5ii<-u.  in  c-;cmciatin,o- 
J.  .ill  lor  ii'oniit  thirty  iioui-s;  tlin-iii';-  \vi)icii  he  Ji;r.-  Vu 
vltcvcrj  :i  ^yo^cl,  c;ccei>i  of.r.,ibi;>ii;.lly  lo  CDUifoft  liis 
•iaiif^htcrs,  in  anticipatini!  of  liis,  deaili.  Up  has  pfone 
10  ii'is  I.)ii<>-lioiiie,and  ihc  iVKvaiT.ers  lUcrally  {jo  aboiU 
t;:e  streets. 

V.'ith  a  view  In  tiic  IilinieJiate  support  of  eiglit 
r'j'.ilreii,  left  in  vci-y  desiitulo  circ'iinstanccs,  as 
\\  ell  as  to  favor  the  \vorld  at  an  c.irly  period  wlih  a 
\\ovk  of  fortv  ^  ears'  labor,  the  inclosed  proposals 
h;'ve  been  liastilv  issued.  Will  you,  dear  sir,_  take 
cliai-f^e  of  tlic  liicif).scd  paper,  ami  endc;!vor  to  ialcr- 
r,l  liic  lcar:'.f;d  and  ciia:  i!'.l)le  of  l{alcif,^li,_in  behalf 
•  ■■i'  llu-ino.st  inlcrcstint^and  distre.s.sed  family  I  ever 
;:;.cv.?  It  will  be  an  act  of  ciiarily;  and  1  pray  that 
lie,  \viM)  has  promi  .cd,  that  hew  i'd'not  fail  to  remem- 
ber a'lv  one  who,  va  hi-;  iiamo,  may  g'ive  a  cup  of  v.-a- 
tcr  to" one  of  ]>U  di.strc.s.scd  toUowers,_  will  condo- 
'Scer.d  to  rcg'ardwidi  peculiar  compassion  everyone 
wl'.o  m.iv,  in  any  manner,  exert  himself  for  the  im- 
mediate relief  of  fmir  pioti.^  and  ^"orlorn  wimg  \vo- 
!riCn,  and  four  bovs  who  arc  too  yoMnfi:  even  to  sup- 
port themselves.  They  are  the  children  of  those  who 
ffsred  the  I,ord.  Aiid  I  confidently  trust  that  the 
«,'o;l  of  all  li-race  andc  .Mnpasslon,  wiil  raise  them  up 
fiicuvls  amonj^st,  his  peojjlc,  wlio  have  no  relations 
that  can  and  wil'l  a.S'-ist  them.  God  hv  merciful  unto 
iliem;  :ind  blcts  all  wlio  may  reach  forth  the  arm  of 
prolccUun.*' 

ll—IIIIIHMiip   Ml  Ml  iw^— ,pai> 

Marslial  niur'hcr. 


(.; 


r'lO'lAX  K'fGMS:!    PAPF.n 

.'ifi.r!  Lcbrecht  7'aii  [iluchcr,  the  descendant  of 


a  noble  familv  In  the  duchy  of  Mecklenburg  Schwe- 
rin,  was  l)or)i"at  Rostock,  December  16,  17 ^'i,  being 
the  jotm.e-t'st  of  six  brotiicrs.  His  father  was  cap- 
tain of  (iraK'otins  in  die  service  of  the  elector  of 
Wc.'5.';eCas.s<.l,  and  when  _\oun;-;-  IJlucher  was  twelve 
yc:!r.s  old,  four  of  his  hr'i;.licrs  v,  ere  servhig-  in  the 
i'rnssian,  Russian  and  Danish  armies.  At  this  early 
period  he  became  a  cadet  in  the  Swedish  regiment 
(^^  Muruar  llr.sKars;  but  being  sent  with  a  detach- 
!nent  or  if-n  men,    lie  was  surprised  and  made  pri- 

.soncr,  .'.flcr  having  had  a  horse  shot  under  him. 

Wlicn  he  v.as  brought  before  colonel  Yon  Belling, 
tliat  oflicer  asked  iiim  many  questions,  and  finally 
olTcredium  a  commission  in  the  Prussian  service. 
Thi.;,  Iiowever,  Blucher  re.aised,  unless  he  could 
gain  his  di.-,mission  fiom  that  to  which  he  owed  alle- 
giance. This  the  colonel  succeeded  in  obtaining  by 
an  exchange;  and  immediately  appointed  iiis  young 
friend  \t>  a  lieutenancy,  purchased  for  him  the  equip- 
age that  had  belonged  to  his  predecessor,  and  finally 
made  fLim  his  adjutant.  Under  thatofficer,  IJlueher 
acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  miliiary  duty — 
but  when  the  colonel  incurred  the  displeasure  of 
his  sovereign,  and  was  displaced,  his  friend  experi- 
enced some  ill  treatment  in  consequence  of  the 
i:eal  manifested  by  him  in  the  defence  of  one  whom 
lie  justly  regarded  as  h  parent.  Bluclicr  was  at  that 
time  a  captain,  and  when  the  major  of  his  regiment 
'died,  a  jtmior  oHicPr  was  placed  over  his  licad;  on 
which  lie  remonstrated  earnestly  with  Frederick  the 
CTreat,  but  received  «o  redress.  He  then  wrote  a 
letter  to  the  king,  requesting  permission  to  "rasign 
rather  tl'.a)i  expose  himself  to  the  most  acute  sensa 
tions  duriiig  every  iiour  of  his  life." — To  this  letier 
Frederick  wrote  the  ibilowir.g  note,  addressed  lo 
the  commandant  of  the  regiment: — 

"Capiain  Yon  Bluclier  lias  leave  to  resign,  ar.d 
rpsv  go  t^^tl'.c  devil  as  soon  ny  he  pleases. 


Our  hero  was  at  this  time  about  to  be  married  tn 
a  lady  of  great  merit  but  small  fortune,  and  liig 
means  M-e.re  also  contracted,  the  disnippointmeiit  he 
had  sustained  in  the  loss  of  his  m.ajority  was  se- 
vere. Howe\er,  the  union  took  place,  and  BUichei- 
farmed  an  estate  in  Pomerania,  where  by  his  dili- 
gence he  in  a  few  years  acquired  a  considerable 
landed  property.  Of  that  province  he  was  also  cho- 
sen (iigii  baillft";  and  it  should  be  mentioned  to  the 
honor  of  P'rederick,  that  however  harshly  he  had  be- 
haved towards  Blucher  in  the  army,  he  acted  libe- 
rally towards  liim  in  other  respects,  particularly  by 
giving  Iiim  such  pecuniary  assisfance  as  enabletl 
him  io  purchase  .advantageously,  and  to  improve  his 
cjitatcs.  On  the  death  of  that  monarch,  fifteen  years 
after  the  retirement  of  Blucher,  he  was  again  called 
to  the  service,  and  appointed  major  of  the  second 
battalion  of  his  former  regiment  of  black  hussars. 
He  soon  rase  to  tlie  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  ai^d 
in  1793,  being  then  full  colonel,  he  was  investetl 
witii  the  Orde»-  of  IVfeiit.  His  career  of  glory  may 
be  said  to  have  commenced  in  the  campaign  on  the 
Rhine  in  1793,  where  he  distinguished  himself  so 
conspicuously  as  to  receive  the  year  following  tJie 
regiment  of  black  Hussars  as  a  reward  for  Ids  ser- 
vices.— The  same  year  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  major  generiil,  and  invested  with  the  grand  order 
of  the  Red  Eagle.  At  this  period  he  became  an 
author  in  the  line  of  his  profession,  by  publishing  a 
valuable  book,  "On  a  v/ar  of  po.its  and  skirmishes, 
v^'ith  observations  on  ambuscades." 

In  1801,  he  was  made  lieutenant  general,  at  which 
time  he  took  possession  of  Erfurth  and  Mulhausen, 
being  also  appointed  governor  of  Monster.  At  the 
batile  of  .lena,  Blucher  performed  wonders,  though 
some  blame  has  been  unjustly  cast  upon  him  for  his 
precipitancy,  when  in  fact  the  wjnlemisc.arriage  of 
that  day  was  ov.rng  to  marslial  AluUendorf.  After 
that  battle,  Blucher  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  PrinceofWirtemburgh's  corps,  with  orders 
to  cxjnduct  it  across  the  Oder;  and  while  engaged  ?!• 
this  service,  he  f<.-ll  in  with  the  French  ligiit  troopy, 
under  general  Klein,  wh^n,  by  great  presence  u\ 
mind,  he  completely  deceived  the  enemv,  with  :• 
declaration  th.at  peace  had  been  concluderr between 
France  and  Pru.ssi;i.  Bonaparte  particularly  notice<i 
this  occiu-rencein  one  of  his  bulletins,  accompanied 
by  a  severe  animadversion  on  the  conduct  of  his  of- 
ficers. Afi  er  a  succession  of  skirmishes  and  forcet?, 
marches,  Blucher  threw  himself  into  Lubec,  which 
he  defended  with  great  obstinacy,  against  superior 
numbers,  under  ilernadotte,  to  wlioin  at  length  fhff 
Piussian  hei-o  was  obli;.';ed  to  capitul.ite..  After  th'^ 
peace  of  Tilsit,  'he  king  entrusted  him  with  the 
command  of  the  Silesiaii  army,  witii  which  he  has 
performed  deeds  that  have  astonished  all  I'urone^ 
After  the  victory  of  I.eipsic,  oiir  veteran  was  mad-* 
field  mn!' shal;  and  a  \'ew  days  before  his  binding  ii^ 
England,  jie  was  i-.ijsed  to  the  dignity  of  prince  Elu- 
ciicrof  AVahlstadt. 

On  the  death  of  his  firut  wife,  BlucJier  married 
the  daughter  of  >dr.  Yon  Culomb,  counscller  of  tiie 
finances. — By  his  former  lady  he  liad  three  childrcii 
— two  sons,  Francis  and  C.enliardt,andonedaugliter, 
who  are  all  living-.  Count  Francis  ^'o:i  Bluclier  'v.^ 
colonel  commajid  tilt  of  tiie  Brown  Hus.sars;  and  tiip 
second  .son  served  as  capiain  i'l  his  falhci'.j  I'^j^  iment, 
but  having  rcsigne<l,  he|iow  lives  on  the  flimilv  c;.i.- 
latE'i  in  Pomerania.  Tf^e  daughter  m.u-ried  coun* 
\  Oil  S.-'hiletiburg-,  <m  whose  death  she  iuL,k  forii?- 
second  husl>a.tid,  in  ISIi,  b^'ro'i  V'^der  A'fr.ebarj;'. 


m 


S|JPrLEME;S-T  TO  NlLES'  REGISTER— MiCIIILIMACKiNAa 


Oliver  Cromwell. 

Prom  tite  London  J^Torning  Chronicle. 

A  moTC  JTist  idea  of  the  real  disposition  of  Crom" 
iv'ell  caiwot  pei-ha]>s  be  forined  than  from  tl'ic  ihWow 
p(^  lettci",  sent  with  a  petition,  to  liis  secretary.  Its 
auihent  icity  may  InM-elied  upon,  and  it  is  revived  hen; 
•fi  an  iUnstration  of  tliat  part  of  his  character  s-iveu 
tn-  lord  Clarendon,  in  the  following'  words: — "What 
he  CBice  resolved,  in  which  he  was  not  rasii,  he  could 
it&t  be  difh'<xadcd  from,  nor  endure  any  contradiction 
of  his  powtT  a)Ki  iuitliority,  but  extorted  sbedience 
rtom  them  who  were  not  willing'  to  yield  iu" 
"■''ro  his  hii^hness  the  lord  protector  of  the  common- 

■'veidth  of  Eng-land,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  ;lie  hum- 

Me  petition  of   Margerj',  the   wife  of  William 

Jleacham,  mariner, 

"-Sheweththat  vour  petitioner's  husband  hath  been 
active  and  faittifid  in  tlie  wars  of  the  commonwealth, 
>>otli  by  sea  and  land,  and  hath  underg'one  many  haz- 
ai/ds  bv  iniprisonmentand  figiit,  to  tlie  endang-erin£f 
Wia  lift;  and  at  last  lost  the  use  of  his  right  arm, 
utid  is  utterlv  disabled  from  future  service,  as  doth 
it&pear  from  the  certificate  annexed,  and  yet  he  hath 
fio  more  than  iU'ty  shilliugs  pension  from  Chatliam 
by  tlie  year — 

"Tirat  your  pctltionfii'  having  only  one  sonne  who 
is  tractable  to  learn,  and  not  haviiig-  wherewith  to 
1>ring-  hini  up,  by  rca:lon  of  her  present  low  estate, 
ucc'sionwl  by  the  publique  service  aforesaid — 

'•HumbVv prayetli,  tliat your  hi.«-liness would  voueh- 
tafe  to  present  iier  sonne,  Rundolpiie  Heacham,  to  be 
a  schollar  in  Sutton's  Hospital,  called  the  Charter 
House." 

"OLIVEII  P. 

'^Ve  refer  this  petition  and  certificate  to  the  com- 
yn.i<«:+ioii(H's  of  Sutton's  Hospital 


Michilimackinac. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  an  intelligent  oficer  in  thi 
United  States'  army  to  his  fiend  in  Kentuckj,  <la. 
ted  17th  jYoveinber,  1815. 

"The  situation  of  this  island  is  most  beautiful  and 
interesting,  aHbrding  a  very  extensive  proaptci  un- 
interrupted on  the  expansive  lake  in  one  dn-ection# 
and  enlivened  on  the  otiier  by  the  main,  on  tue 
nirht  and  left,  with  beautiful  islands,  scattered 
around.  Tliis  is  the  most  elevated  island  on  the 
lakes;  its  hi<chest  ground  is  sever;  1  hundred  feet 
aiiove  the  Like,  and  rese:«')les  a  n.iked  rid.ce  ter- 
miiialing-  abiuptly  at  its  extrenilvjes  of  ai>out  one 
mile  in  ieng-tli.  Below,  and  a  half  -niie  ne.irer  the 
margm  of  the  lake,  is  situated  fof;  ,M;.kina,  which, 
aitiioug-h  more  than  an  hundi-ed  feet  loAer  than  the 
elevation  iirst  mentioned,  is  yet  upwards  of  100 
feet  above  the  lake.  The  BrVish,  when  last  in 
posse.ssion  of  this  island,  cncted  a  small  work  on 
the  summli  of  this  ridge,  and  at  that  extremity 
nearest  the  fori,  consi.^ting  of  a  block  house  sur- 
rounded by  a  circilar  p.irupet  ofeartli,  but  left  it 
unliitished.  It  is,  however,  l,v, ended  to  be  complet- 
ed, with  some  improvements,  and  occiipied  by  a 
guard.  Its  distance  from  water,  and  tiie  impructi- 
cability  of  obtaining  any  by  digging,  prevented  the 
main  fortificaiions  being  erected  on  this  posiiion, 
wiiich  is  capable  of  bei'ig  rendered  impregnable; 
from  whence,  with  a  few  pieces  of  ordnance,  the 
fort,  with  any  garrison,  is  entirely  untenable. 

"I  have  examined  the  ground'  where  Cvoghnn 
landed,  and  the  lamented  Hoimcs  fell.  The  re- 
treat must  have  been  most  timely  and  fortunate,  of 
his  command  would  inevitably  have  been  destro}  edi 
fifty  men  could  have  prevented  his  force  everreacti 


"¥<;«•  rtcerve  from  me  this  28th  inst.  a  petition  of  I  ing  the  fort.     The  land  intervening  being  covered 
'  "'  '       '  "  '        with  a  small  growth  of  wood   impenetrably  thick. 

There  are  many  individual  advantages  attending  a 
residence  on  this  island,  from  tlie  healthiness  of  its 
climate,  wliicli  I  doubt  not  is  equal  to  any  known; 
the  air  and  water,  both  of  the  springs  and  lake,  be- 
ing as  pure  as  can  exist.     The  military  fJ-)rces  here 

exceed ,  and  the  sick  report  seldom  exceeds 

one  to  a  company.  A  variety  of  tiie  finest  fish  I 
ever  saw,  can  be  procured  in  tolerable  abundance 
every  season  of  the  year,  and  the  vegetables  of  the 
island  are  superior  in  size  and  nuirinient,  although 
the  soil  which  produced  tiiem  is  gravelly.  About 
fifteen  families  reside  here,  who  do  not  generjllv 
possess  suilicient  accomplishments  t')  rend  :r  their 
society  desirable;  being  in  one  braiicli  dc.-.cendcd 
from  the  aborigines,  possessing  cunning-  and  depra- 
vity, and  wlio  are  no  less  devoted  to  nr'nish  interest. 
Houever,  in  tiie  milder  seasons  of  tlie  \  ear,  the  so- 
ciety Jtere  is  more  refined,  genteel  anl  numerous. 
The  British  are  erecting  a  fori  on  Drumntond's  isl- 
and, wliich  lies  about  two  miles  S.  \V.  of  St.  Jo- 
seph, .and  about  35  from  this.  No  intercourse  ha> 
yet  been  introduced  between  the  ollicers  oftliis  and 
Jiat  post,  nnr  has  any  disposition  been  numifesied 
hy  those  of  either  for  its  commencement.  Few  In- 
dians are  now  here,  they  having  gone  to  their  hunt- 
ing ground,  b'.it  those  I  have  seen  are  cx-tremely 
uumble  and  timid." 


Aiargeiy  Be  icivam,  desiring  tiie  jidmission  of  her 
wjn  imu  the  Ciianer  House.  I  know  tlie  man,  who 
was  one  day  employed  in  an  important  secret  service 
•vxiiich  he  did  efiectuaily,  to  our  great  benefit  and 
Vhe  cor»mwnwealth's.  The  petition  is  a  brief  rel.ition 
of  facts,  widiout  any  fiaticry.  1  have  wrote  under  it 
fi  common  reference  to  the  cununissioners;  but  I 
jnean  a  great  deal  more — that  it  si)all  be  done  witli- 
out  debates  or  considerations  of  the  matter,  and  so 
do  }  ou  privately  hiat  lo  *  *  *  *  * 

"I  liave  not  tlie  particular  .shining  bauble,  or  fea- 
ther in  my  cap,  for  crowds  to  gaze  at  or  kneele  to, 
but  I  have  power  and  resolution  for  foes  to  tremble 
»t.  To  be  sliort,  I  know  liow  to  deny  petitions,  and 
^vhate^  er  I  tniisk  pioper  for  outwai'd  form,  to  ret'er 
to  atiy  officers  or  ofuce,  I  e.Kpect  that  sucli  my  com- 
pliance with  custom  sliafl  also  be  looked  upon  as  an 
jndicaticn  of  my  will  and  pleasure  to  have  the  diiiig 
clonf. 

"See  therefore  that  tiie  boy  be  admitted. 
"Thy  true  friend, 

"OLIVER  P. 

*^J?/^,r  23,  1655." 

lliis  letter,  written  in  confidence,  and  v.itliotit 
•'lissimuliition,  forms  a  strong  contrast  to  the  cant  and 
livpocrLsy  which  are  gen'.'iady  the  distinguishing 
nuuks  of  Cromv/eli's  correspondence.  To  write  a 
^•eat  deal,  and  mean  nothing,  seems  to  i\ave  been 
ills  usual  practice — in  the  pi'esent  instance  lie  savs 


iittle,  .but  "means  a 


'rear  < 


le'd  more;''  aiKl  that  he 


'.va:i  in  earnest,  is  pcrluips proved  froDt  th-j  total  ab- 
sence of  all  .-criptural  quotations  and  spiritual  e'yAC- 
XilatifMis,  with  wlin  h  liV^  pi!,l)!!C  letters  so  prn-cunn- 
rrjtly  f\ho'i;id. 


Eplc^ram. — Tlie  iVdlowing  v.-.'in  written  snys  a  Lor^ 
don  paper,  on  the  iirst  leaf  of  Walter  Scott's  poem  oi- 
"Waterlou." 

Nai'  r.nd  my?;elf  one  common  fa'  e  may  rue; 

We  b;viti  iiave  lutil  a  c^-veri  by  'WatcHoo. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— ARCHBISHOP  CARROL.       SI 


Arch-bishop  Carrol. 

This   veneiMble   und  resp-cied  man   dieJ  at   B  tlti- 
moreoii  the  3  i  of  December    1815.— Tlie   (ollow- 
111;.^  iioiictjof  Ills  decease  was  fKialisLied  in  the  pa- 
pers of  that  city  ihenexl  day. 
^    "  Lee  me  tie  ihe  death  uf  tlui  righteous  and  let  my 
lust  end  be  hke  unto  his." 

Th'i  death  of  uie  venerable  pi-elate  which  it  is  our 
task  1,0  record  to  duy,  will  be  t'eltand  sin  ;erely  l<- 
meiitedas  an  indiviiiual  loss  by  :dl  who  had  the  h  ip- 
p:ness  to  know  iuin  person. dly  ;  lor  it  w:.s  iihieeda 
source  of  real  iiappiness  .o  have  a  personal  acqua  ijl 
ance  wi.h  a  ir.an  so  truly  amiable. 

To  luiTi  the  ci)ang-e  was  joyful — i  change  from 
pain  to  bliss  and  j^'ory  wlrcii  wdl  know  no  in^er- 
i'up;ion,  the  coiisciousne.ss  of  which  m.ide  his  last 
moments  a  scene  of  chnstutii  irmnipo,  the  know- 
led^'e  of  which  wUl  tend  to  console  and  comfort 
tUose,  who  feel  itios;  sensibly  for  his  vleparture. 

COM.HDNICATi;!). 

Died  vesterdav,  ibom  6  .>'clock  in  the  mornini,', 
the  \ldST  11E,'VERE.\D  UOC  I'UK  JOHN  CAR- 
KOLL,  .,'I)c/i  Bishop  uf  liultimure,  m  tiic  Sj'di  ye  ir 
ol  .iiS  ige. 

His  friends  nd  icquainUmces  are  respec  fully  in- 
vited, witiioiit  further  not  ficaiion,  to  utieiid  Ins  fa- 
n-ral  to-nioiTow,  the  5ii)  nist.  at  ten  o'cl^>^  k;  tlie  pro- 
cession wiil  move  from  S  .  Peer's  cliurcii  down  S  i- 
yatoga  street  to  E  itaw-slivel,  thence  to  Fr.>iiklin 
slreet,  ihence  to  the  church  of  the  semin.iry,  tne 
pI.''-oi  nermeiu. 
y3°^"caiTiaye  will  be  admitted  imo  the  procession 

W   e  .  such  a  man   as  .i.cli  b.snop   (Carroll  (.lies,  a 
man  who  nlied  so   La-^e  a  sp.iCe   in  the  pubhc  eye, 
and  leaves  so  great  a  void  in  the  comnmniij,   some- 
tliiiig  more  man  a  mere  notice  of  ihe  event  isjus.ly 
expecud.       Without  presuming;',   th  rehire,  at   tlll^ 
lime  to  enter  into  a  detailed  ..ccouiil  of  tus  luny  an 
useful  life,  or  to  portray  at  large  the  features  ot  ins 
distinguished  ch.tracter,  a  urief  aii.i  vt-ry    imprfect 
biographical  memoir  of  tiiis  illustrious  mdiyiilual  i.^ 
now  given,  which  is  submitted  to  tne  pu  illc,    .n  thi. 
iiope    and  exjiectation,  that  it  will  -non  oe  gr<<ihoii 
with  a  much  fuller  and  more  salisf.ictory  accoun     d' 
his  life  and  character  from  som^  mote  skiiltul  and 
competent  hand.     Arclibishop  C-imdi   w  .s  born   a 
Upper  M  irlborough,  in  the  stale   oi  Maryland,  m 
the  year  1735,  and   was  sent  at    tile    i^e   o>   ten   or 
twelve  years  (o  a  grammar  school  ai  IJoii mui,  in  G 
cilcounty.     Even  at  this  early  periou  ne  gave   sink 
ing  presages  of  his  fuiiire  worth   riu.i  enuiience,   by 
the  mildness  and  innocence  of  his  manners,   his"  Jo 
.cility  and  assiduity. 

From  this  school  he  was  sent  to  the  college  of  St. 
Oiners  in'France,  whence,  after  go  ng  tiuoUj^h  the 
studies  of  that  celebi'Hled  institution  with  Die  mosi 
distinguished  success  and  hoiiois,  iie  was  traiisf  r- 
red  to  the  college  of  Liege,  and  was  ihere  ordained 
•a priest;  and,  after  surrendering  his  p.aninonial  es- 
tate to  his  brother,  bec.;me  a  m  inner  of  toe  society 
of  Jesus.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  th:it  society,  he 
acted  as  the  secretary  of  the  dispersed  Pal.ers,  m 
their  remonstrmce  with  the  court  of  Fraiicr-  re- 
specting tlie  temporal  interests  of  the  bolished  or 
del".  For  this  station  he  was  peculiarly  qualified  is 
well  by  his  distinguished  learning  and  talents,  as  b\ 
ilia  remarkable  purity  and  elegance  of  his  style,  in 
the  French  as  well  as  Latin  language,  lie  then  wi  nt 
lo  Eiigland  and  was  selceted  by  the  late  lord  Slou  - 
ton  (a  Catholic  nobleman)  to  accompany  his  son,  ihe 
present  lord  Stourton,  as  his  preceptor  and  governor 
•n  the  tour  of  Europe.  During  this  toui ,  lie  wiot  .• 
a  concise  and  interesting  history  of  E.igUnd>for  the 


SUPPiljKMENT  T9  VOfc.  iX. 


use  of  his  pupil,  still  preserved  in  m^miscript,  he 
also  kept  a  journal  of  his  travels,  which  stiikiagly 
displays,  that  good  sense,  sound  judgmenr,  and  en- 

ign  en  >d  inielligencr,  which  ever  distinguished  him. 
Ujion  his  ivluin  'o  Euglan'l,  he  resided  some  ume 
■  n  the  family  of  lord  Arundel  (mother  Catholic  no- 
bleman); bui  upon  thr  approach  of  the  revohi  iona- 
rv  war  he  withstood  the  earnest  and  pressing  solici- 
t,i»ions  of  his  noble  and  beneficent  p.iiiun,  «nd  cone 
back  to  his  iiativ  ■  country.  Sliorlly  after  his  return, 
at  tiie  rfqu°st  of  the  Am  rican  congress,  he  ac- 
c..mp:mi.-d  Dr.  Franklin,  Oiin-les  C  rroll  of  C:irrol- 
ton,  (his  relative  and  f'ritnd)  and  the  late  judge 
Cnase,  on  a  political  mission  ioCan»da,  and  ihrougii* 
out  the  arduous  -md  !i  z;  rdous  confli-t  wliith  en'su- 
e  I,  he  remained  fervently  attached  to  'he  cause  of 
his  country.  He  did  not  at  any  tini",  however,  ne* 
gleet  his  cleric  d  duties,  the  primary  object  of  his 
care  and  solicitude.  Ujioii  his  arrival  in  his  native 
country,  he  lost  no  tim.-.-  in  t  .king  upon  lumself  the 
Luonous  care  of  several  Culiolic  congn  g  t  ons, 
widelv  separated  from  each  other  ;  wh^re  his  •  emo- 
ry  isc'ienshed  wi  h  the  most  en-liusiastic  ^.fFeciion. 
Sometime-  :if  r  the  establishment  of  our  ind'  pen- 
dence,  ih.^  C  .tholic  body  in  this  country,  ('o<  fore  that 
'im.;  subject  to  a  spirit  ml  hieraichv  in  E. gland)  so- 
iiciteil  tlie  pope  toer-ct  he  U.  St.ii'es  into  an  Ep  sco.. 
pd  S-e  ;  ana  the  siibjeC  of  this  memoir  vv;)S  nomi- 
ated  to  the  sovereign  p  I'Uilr'  us  ihf  bishop.  There 
Was  no  hesi.ationon  lli-   part    of  'he  po|>^,  to  wh  tn 

MS  cha  acter  ;md  t  dents  were  well  known,  in  con- 
hi-ming  the  nomination.  At  a  later  ^oid  recent  pe- 
riod, at  the  solict  ition  of  die  Ci'holic  cl  -ijy  of  his 
dioces.-,  he  was  raised  to  ihe  ditjni  y  of  archbishop- 
1:1  the  exercise  of  hiv  s-c'ed  functions  he  di.spl  ivr 
ed  a  spirit  of  conriiiat  on,  mil  ness  and  chrisii  f> 
humilii)  which  greatly  enueared  hlhi  to  those 
u:'tt.-r  Ids  en  rge. 

Hib  m:  liners  and  deportment  in  priv  ite  life  were 
a  model  of  the  clerical  character  ;  dig  ified  y^t  sim- 
;d  ,  pii'us   but    not  austere.     This  secured    him  the 

ff'c donate    attachment  of  his  friends  and  the  re? 
sj)  Cl    ol  cdl 

1. 1  him  religion  assumed  its  most  attractive  and 
v^'uerable  form,  and  ins  character  coi:cdiaied  forliiS 
body  ovei  wiiich  he  presided,  r^speci  a  i  considf-ra« 

ion  from  the  liberal,  the  enligntened,  and  the  virtiHf 
oils  ot  all  rinks   aiM    deiyiiiiinations ;  for  they    saw 

hat  his  life  accor.ied  With   the  b.nlgn  doctrines  yf 

ih  •  religion  which  he  piofrssed. 

T  lemimb^rsot  his  own  churchy  to  whom  he  W*tf 

in  trniii  a  guide  ana  a  fatlier— \v  n)  diily    witness  d 

the  kindness,  the  benefic-nce,  ami  the  tenderness  of 

his  heart — who  in  the    pnrit)    of  his  doc'rines    and 

precepts  s  w    bf  purity   of  his  own  unsullied  cha-. 

r.icter — wliosiw   him    on.  Ins    deathbed,  with  the 

me-kness,  tiie  patienc,  und 'die  cheerfulness   of  % 

saint   alii   a    mart\r,  v.ew   the  sure  and  rapid     p- 

proaches  of  his  own  dissolution  ;  cuncerne<l  not    for 

iiimsdt,  but  anxious  only  fur  th-  welfare  of  those, 

whom  he  was  soon  to    leave,  will  long   reniemi)ei? 

him  with  the  mosi  profound,  heartfelt  grief,   graiU 

t  ide  i"d  veiie-a'lon.  ' 

Ht-laiit'ht  us  hiiw  to  live— and  oh.  too  liijjh 
'1  111-  prici-  of  kiiowlirdfju,  taught  us  huxoto  die, 

I)  atli,  the  terrors  of  which  he  h«d  .so  oflen  lis 
lelleil  from  the  mnds  of  o'her-,  had  no  power  to  dis< 
turo  his  serene  and  iranqnil  son!. 

But  long  will  his  bee.iVd  aii;l  disconsolate  flock 
mourn  the  loss  of  him,  who  wa>  uv  siircour  and 
support  of  the  wretched  ;  wIid,  v.hen  tliis  world 
could  affiird  them  nothing  on  which  lo  le«n,  lurneq. 
to  liim  for  consul  .lion,  ;is  (heir  spiriui.H  iher. 

Lung  will  the  poor  mourn  for  wncj  wlio  sU'.Vajs  CS> 


Jsi 


82 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— JESUITS  IN  RUSSIA. 


lieveil  iheir  wants  to  the  utmost  extent  of  hu-iTicuiis, 
anil  even  exlen.  ed  iiis  care  of  them  beyond  the 
boun.is  of  his  own  existence. — They  will  long  weep 
for  liim  who  watclied  and  wept,  wlio  prayed  and  ftli 
for  :m!. 

Those  Iielplessorp!i..n  cliildren,  to  wliom  he  was 
inde;.!  a  Talher,  hikI  flocked  around  him  dying  to  re- 
ceive !'';s  last  advice  and  blessing,  may  well  weep,  for 
their  loss  in  irreparable. 

}h'  Giiurch  may  well  mourn,  for  her  loss  is  incal- 
culable. 


Jewish  Manuscript. 

CURIOUS  AXD  rNHHTU   AfANUSCRlPT. 

The  literati  are  likely  to  be  higidy  interested 
with  a;:  orig-ina!,  aiicient  and  complete  manuscript 
of  the  T'eniateuc!;,  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
Josepii  Sams,  of  Darlington,  Durham. 

T.'iis  ori'3^i!v.il  copy  is  of  leather  :  it  is  in  two 
\-olu!ne:i,  abou.  two  feet  wide,  and  measures  169 
feet  long!  It  is  composed  of  goat-skin  leather,  and 
is  ni<  dt  exceliently  dressed  so  as  to  have  an  ex- 
quisite jof;.iess  to  the  louch.  Eac'i  sheet  of  skin 
js  divided  into  ])ages,  five  inches  and  a  lialf  in  wit'.th. 
'fhe  letters  .are  very  large,  and  not  oidy  mos; 
excellently  written,  but  ornamented  with  a  nivmber 
of  l\i:';in  or  Coronac,  which  is  a  thing  peculiar  to 
the  m  )St  ancleiu  manuscripts.  Each  sheet  of  leatlicr 
i>  stilciitd  vevy  neatly  to  the  others  with  a  kind  of 
substance,  in  appearance  not  unlike  cat-gut. 

The  antiquity  of  this  manuscript  may  be  infer- 
red by  its  being  written  on  leather,  a  circumstance 
v/liich  would  iiardly  have  taken  place  after  the 
invention  of  vellum  was  made.  It  was  recently 
procured  from  the  continent  imder  the  most  in- 
teresting circumstances.  It  is  believed  to  be  from 
14  to  1 JOO  years  old;  and  in  any  case  is  the  oldest 
copy  of  the  law  extant.  There  is  reason  to  believe 
it  has  been  above  801)  years  in  one  family,  on  the 
contuient.  It  is  well  known  to  wliat  a  degree  the 
Jews  venerate  theii*  sacred  boojcs,  ai.d  with  wh.it 
care  tiiey  preserve  tiiem;  it  will,  thei-efore,  be 
believed,  that  notiung  but  the  most  afflicting  and 
imjierious  circtmistances  could  induce  a  family, 
loving  their  law,  topurtwitli  a  treasure  so  precious. 
During  the  calamities  which  followed  tlie  train  of 
IJoivqiarte's  wars,  a  Jewisli  family,  of  opulence,  was 
reduced  to  utter  ruin  and  compelled  to  emigrate. 
Tliey  came  to  Holland  in  their  exile,  .lud  were 
there  so  reduced  as  to  be  ouiiged  to  pletlge,  as 
tlieir  last  rcinaiaing  resource,  this  manuscript  of 
their  law,  umler  aiin)itation  of  a  considerable  time 
for  its  vedenipiion.  Tne  time  expired,  the  pledge 
was  not  redeemed,  and  the  property  was  sold  in 
Holland  by  the  person  who  lent  his  money  ou- it. 
This  most  valuable  -;nd  auaqiie  performance  is  now 
likely  to  become  a  pui^ilc  benefit. 

It  lias  been  preserved  with  tlie  greatest  care, 
in  a  rich  cover,  fiiaged  with  a  fine  sdk  and  lined. 
T!ic  )  oilers,  on  wliich  ihe  manuscript  runs,  are 
beautiful  mahogany  or  iron  ./ood.  It  lias  been  seen 
by  a  number  of  Hebrew  sctiokrs  and  Jews  :  the  for- 
mer always  eipre^,sing  a  literary  enthusiasm,  and 
the  latter  treatfiigit  with  tiie  niu^scsolemureverence. 
It  has  been  collated  by  u  very  learned  man,  and  iib 
^readiii^is  preferred  to  tlie  mo^s  ancient  copies  v/e 
have;  .so  that  this  may  justly  be  thought  to  be  unique, 
as  well  as  most  auyient  copy  of  the  five  books  of 
Mo~!js  in  existence. 

'I'uese  facts  naturally  give  biith  lo  a  few  re- 
flections. Is  ncjt  such  a  laauuscript  a  national  ob- 
ject .'    Ought  it  not  to  be  puixliajcd  for  the  British 


M  useum,  or  the  Unlversltcs  of  Oxford  or  Cambridge:. 
There  arc  many  noblemen  ".nd  liter^.li  would  not 
scruple  a  most  generous  price,  and  for  a  generous 
price  o.ily  its  present  possessor  ought  to  be  induced 
to  part  with  it.  The  writer  of  this  article  having 
seen  it,  iJiinks,  if  he  may  hazard  an  opinion,  that 
its  least  value  must  be  2000  guineas.  Surely,  such 
national  object  ought  not  to  be  allowed  to  be  in 
any  private  hands  whatever;  but  either  the  univer  | 
sities,  or  some  other  jmblic  body,  should  purchase 
and  place  it,  where  under  regular  superhitendance, 
it  may  be  occasionally  open  to  the  learned,  and  to 
those  who  are  curious  for  the  accurate  knowledge 
of  all  tl'.at  pert.iins  to  the  records  of  that  wonderful 
people,  the  ancient  Israelites. 

J\Ia7ichester  Exchange  Herald. 


The  Jesuits  in  Russia. 

From  BdVs  London  Messenger,  of  Jan.  22. 
IMPERIAL    UKASE. 

UKASE  OF    HIS  MAJESTY  THE  EMPEROR  TO  THE  SENATE. 

Being  returned  after  conclusion  of  the  external 
affairs  of  Europe,  to  the  empire  which  God  has  en- 
trusted to  us,  we  have  been  informed  by  several 
complaints  and  reports,  of  the  following  circum- 
stances : 

The  reli."ious  order  of  the  Jesuits  of  the  Roman 

o 

catholic  church  liad  been  abolished  by  a  bull  of  the 
pope.  In  consequence  of  tliis  measure,  tlie  Jesuits 
were  expelled  not  only  from  the  states  of  the 
church,  but  from  all  other  countries  ;  tliey  were  not 
permitted  to  remain  any  where  Russia  alone,  con- 
stantly guided  by  sentiments  of  humanity  and  tole- 
ration, retained  them  in  her  territory,  gave  them 
an  asvlum,  and  insured  them  tranquility  under  her 
powerful  protection.  She  did  not  oppose  any  ob- 
stacle to  the  free  exercise  of  their  worshiji  ;  she 
did  not  deter  them  from  it  either  by  force,  by  per- 
suasion, or  seduction;  but  in  return  si le  thought 
she  might  expect  from  them  fidelity,  attachment, 
and  utility,  la  tliis  shape  they  were  permitted  to 
devote  themselves  to  the  education  and  instruction 
of  youth. — Fathers  and  mothers  entrusted  to  them 
their  children  without  feo.r,  to  teach  them  the  sci- 
ences and  to  form  their  manners.  It  is  now  proved 
that  they  have  not  fulfilled  tlie  duties  wiiich  grati- 
tude imposed  on  them,  that  tliey  have  not  kept 
tiieniselves  in  tliat  humility  which  the  cliristian 
religion  commands,  and  that,  instead  of  remaining 
pe.iceable  irihabitants  in  a  foreign  country,  they 
nave  endeavoured  to  trouble  the  Greek  religion, 
wiiicli,  from  the  remotest  times  has  been  the  pre- 
dominant religion  of  our  empire,  and  on  wliich,  as 
on  an  immov.tiiie  r<;ck,  repose  the  tranquility  and 
tlie  happhiess  of  the  nations  subject  to  our  sceptre; 
thev  have  began  first  by  abusing  the  confidence 
whicli  tliey  iiad  gained.  'TJiey  have  turned  aside 
fi-om  our  worship  yoimg  people  who  had  been  en- 
trusted to  them,  and  some  women  of  weak  and  in- 
considerate minds,  and  have  drawn  them  to  their 
church. 

To  induce  a  man  to  abjure  his  faith,  the  faitli  of 
his  ancestors — to  extinguish  in  hun  the  love  of 
those  who  profess  the  same  worship— to  render  him 
a  stranger  to  his  country — to  sow  discord  and  ani- 
mosity in  families— to  detach  the  brother  from  the 
brotlier,  the  son  from  the  father,  and  the  daughter 
from  the  mother — to  excite  divisions  among  the 
children  of  the  same  church— is  that  the  voice  and 
will  of  God,  and  tus  divine  son  Jesus  Christ  our 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY.        83 


Saviour,  who  shed  for  us  his  most  pure  blood  "tliat 
we  mig-ht  live  a  peaceful  and  tranquil  life,  in  all 
sort  of  piety  and  isonesty  ?"  After  such  actions,  we 
are  no  longer  svirprised  that  the  order  of  these 
monks  has  been  removed  from  all  countries,  and  no 
wiiere  tolerated.  In  fact,  what  state  can  suffer  in 
its  bosona  those  who  spread  in  it  hate  and  disoi-- 
der?  Constantly  occupied  ia  watching'  over  the 
welfare  of  our  faithful  subjects,  and  considering  it 
as  a  wise  and  sacred  duty  to  stop  the  evil  in  its  ori- 
gin, that  it  may  not  grow  to  maturity  and  produce 
'bitter  fruits— We  have,  in  consequence,  resolved 
to  ordain — 

1.  That  the  catliolic  church,  which  is  here,  be 
again  re-established  upon  the  footing  in  which  it 
was  during  the  reign  of  our  grand-mother  of  glo- 
rious memory,  tlie  empress  Catharine  II.  and  till 
the  year  ISOa. 

2.  To  make  all  tlie  monks  of  tlie  order  of  the 
Jesuits,  immediately  to  quit  St.  Petersburg. 

3.  To  forbid  tliem  to  enter  our  two  capitals. 
We  have  given  particular  orders  to  our  ministers 

of  police  and  public  instruction  for  the  jtrompt  ex- 
cciiticn  of  this  determination,  and  for  all  that  con- 
cerns the  house  and  institution  hitherto  occupied 
by  the  Jesuits.  At  the  same  time,  and  that  there 
may  be  no  mterruption  in  the  divine  service,  we 
have  ordered  tlie  metropolitan  of  the  Roman  cat'io- 
lic  church  to  cause  the  Jesuits  to  be  replaced  by 
priests  of  the  s^mc  religion  who  arc  r.ow  hei-e,  tdl 
the  arrival  of  monks  of  another  catholic  order, 
whom  we  have  sent  for,  for  that  purpobc. 

December  20,  1815. 
T/ie  odglnul  is  signed,  ALEXANDER. 

(A  true  copy) 
The  director  of  the  department,    SOURGUINOFF, 


National  Poetry 


The  Jesuits  are  expelled  from  Petcrs'nurgh  for 
having  abused  the  asylum  and  protection  atl'orded 
them — for  having  endeavoured  to  disturb  the  est;'- 
blished  religion  of  the  state — for  having  attempted 
to  make  proselytes,  and  for  sowing  dissention  in 
private  f  imilies.  "  After  sucli  actioiis,"  says  the 
ukase,  "  we  are  no  longer  surprised  that  the  order 
of  the  monks  has  been  removed  from  all  the  coun- 
tries, and  no  where  tolerated.  In  fact,  what  slate 
can  suffer  in  its  bosom  those  who  spread  in  it  jiate 
and  disorder  r"  This  ukase,  for  the  expulsion  of 
the  Jesuits  from  tlie  Russian  capital,  affords  a  sin- 
gular contrast  to  the  papal  decree  or  iiull,  by  which 
the  necessity  of  the  restoration  of  the  order  is  en- 
forced. 

Learning  owes  much  to  the  indefatigable  studies 
and   researches  of  the  Jesuits.     But    the    benefits 
which  they  conferred  in  this  respect  were  done  awa) 
by  that  spirit   of  proselyteism    which    introduced 
discord  into  private  families,  set  father  in  open  lios- 
tility  to  son,   daughter  to  mother,  wife  to  husband, 
and  proceeded  upon  that   impious  and  presumptu- 
ous doctrine,  that   none  could  be  saved  who  were 
out  of  their  creed.     "  To  worship  God,"  said   cor- 
poral Tnm,  "according  to  the  religion  of  oiir    fa- 
thers, seems  to  be  the  safest  and  most  natural  way." 
"  1  think  so  too,"    cried    mij    uncle    'fuby.     "  None 
can  be  s.aved,"  thundered  out  Dr.  Slop,  "  but  tliose 
who  are  of  the  true   Catholic   faith."     "  God  only 
knows,"  replied  my  uncle   Toby,   with    meekness, 
"  who  are  to  be  saved,  but  I  trust  if  it   should  be 
found  we  have  done  our  duty  to  our  neighbor,  the 
protestantwill  find  favor  in  the  sight  of  God  equal- 
ly with  the   Catholic."  "Heresy!   impiety!"  cried 
Doctor  ShJ>,  "  True  religion,"  said  my  Father- 

Jiell's  J\fcssc7iger. 


DEFSXCE  OF  FORT  M'HENRY. 

Tlie  annexed  song  was  competed  under  tiip  fol- 
lowing circumstances. — .V  genii  man  had  left  Balti- 
more in  a  flag  of  truce  for  ihe  pui'pose  of  getfmg  re- 
leased from  the  British  fl=p',  a  friend  of  his  who 
hid  been  cuptured  at  M.  rlboroiigh. — He  went  as  far 
as  the  mouth  of  tlie  I'.itiixpnt,  and  was  not  permit- 
led  to  return  lesi  rjie  ii^tcMued  attack  on  Baltimore 
s'l'iuid  hi  disclosed.  He  was  tlierefove  brought  up 
t'le  Bay  to  the  mouth  of  the  Patapsco,  where  ilie 
flag  vessel  was  k^pt  under  the  guns  of  a  frigate, and 
he  was  compelled  to  wimess  the  bombardment  of 
Fort  M'H^nn-,  which  ;he  admiral  h.ad  boasted  ihat 
i'le  would  carry  in  a  ftw  hours,  arid  that  the  ciiy  must 
fall.  He  watched  the  flag  of  ;he  fort  throu;,'!;  the 
whole  day  with  .-.n  anxiety  that  can  be  better  lelt 
t'lan  described,  until  the  night  prevented  Inm  Irom 
seeing  it.  In  the  nigiit  he  wa-ched  the  bomb-shells, 
and  at  early  dawn  iiis  eye  was  still  greeted  by  the 
proudly  waving  flag  of  his  coimtry. 

Time — Anacht.ov  is  IIeaveit. 

O!  siy  can  you  s  p  by  th"  (law  I'i  i-arly  licrlit. 

What  so  pi-oiiilly  \v  •  h;iili-<l  :itthe  twiliglit's  last  gleaminc:, 
Whose  bro.adstriors  a'lil  linijlit  stai>  Itirougii  the  jjfi-iloiis  lij^li' , 

OV'ithe  lanipans  Wfc  wiitc!)'),  wlv  so  ijHiluiitly  stiv;iMiiig  : 
A'.id  the  rockets'  iv<)  gl.ire,lhf^  homtij  hiirstinj;  in  :iii-. 
Gave  proof  through  th»  night  that  our  flag  was  still  there; 
O  !  s.'jy  does  thatstar-spanfjli-d  banner  yttwave, 
O'er  the  lan>l  of  the  free,  and  the  home  of  the  brave  ? 

On  that  shor?  dimly  seen  through  the  mist^of  the  deep, 
Wher^lhe  fo>"s  h.iui'flity  host  in  dread  sik  nee  reposes, 
M^hat  is  that  which  the  biveze,  o'er  the  lowering-  st-  ep, 

As  it  fitfully  blows,  liiilf  conceals,  half  discloses  ? 
Now  it  catches  the  gl^am  of  the  uiornin-'s  first  beam. 
In  full  fjlory  r' fleeted  now  shines  in  the  stream, 

^Tis  the  star  .thangled  bunner,  O!  long  niKy  it  wave 
O'trtlie  land  of  tlie  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave. 

Ani  where  is  that  hand  wlio  so  vauntinjiy  swor.' 

That  the  havoc  of  warand  the  battU's  eoi. fusion, 
A  home  and  a  counMy,  should  leave  us  no  more .' 

Their  blood  has  washed  out  their  foul  footstep's  poHution. 
No  refuge  could  save  the  hireling;  and  slave. 
From  the  terror  of  flight  or  the  gloom  of  the  grave. 

And  the  star-spangled  banner  in  triumph  dolli  wave, 
OVr  the  land  of  the  free,  and  the  home  of  the  brave. 

O  !  thus  be  it  ever  when  freemen  shall  stand, 

H"tween  their  lov'd  home,  and  the  war's  desolation, 
Blest  with  vict'ry  andjieac*,  may  the  heaven  res cn-d  land, 

Praise  the  power  that  hath  made  and  prtserv'd  us  a  nation! 
Then  conquer  we  must,  when  om- cause  it  isjust, 
And  this  he  our  motto—"  In  God  is  onv  trust;" 
And  the  star  spamjled  in  triutnph  sliall  wave, 
OVr  the  land  of  tlie  free,  and  the  home  of  the  brave. 


From  the  Port  Folio. 

THE  PILLAR  OF  GLORY. 

By  Edwaru  C.  Hollaxd,  of  Ch.arlcston,  S.  C. 

For  laldch  luas  wiuarded  a  medal  of  the  value  of  one 
hundred  dollars. 

Hail  to  the  heroes  whose  triumphs  have  brightencJ 

The  darkness  which  shrouded  America's  nainei 
Long  shall  llieir  valor  in  battle, tint  liijfhten'd, 
Live  in  the  brilliant  escutcheoii's  ol  tame; 

Dark  where  the  torrents  flow, 

And  the  rude  tempests  blow, 
The  storir.y-clad  sjiirit  of  Albion  raves; 

Long  sliall  she  mourn  the  day, 

When,  in  the  veng'  t'ul  fray. 
Liberty  walk'd  like  a  God  on  the  waves. 

The  ocean,  ye  chiefs,  (tlie  region  of  glory, 

Wliei"e  fortune  his  d.  stinecl  Columbia  to  rcigii) 
Gleams  with  the  halo  and  lustre  of  story, 

That  curls  rotii.d  the  waves  as  the  scene  of  h.r  famc^ 

Ther'  on  tin-  ragi  ig  tide, 

Shall  her  proud  navy  ride, 
The  bulwark  of  freedom  protected  by  Hcav'n" 

There  shall  her  haughty  foe, 

Bow  to  her  prowess  low, 
Tlitre  shall  renown  to  her  heroes  be  giv'n. 


§4,        SUPPLKMPNT  TO  NILE3'  RT^GISTER— NATIONAL  POEtRY. 


Tbf  jiUIflr  of  .c:lory,  On-  st-a  tliat  cDligtiteiis, 

Sliall  last  till  .  trruity  rocki  in  its  las. . 
Th."  »i<),iidi.r  ut  .'aiDt,  its  Miidrs  that  hiig;titeiis, 
Hum  I'S'it  th>'  foiit-itrijs  <ii  tinf  ill  iis  race: 

Will     I '.•!•  tlie  sl<  liny  il' '  |i, 

AVIur,  ill-  lude  iiirL'i  »  swt  tp, 
lu  lustre  sliall  ciril    tin    luuws  <>('  the  brave; 

Hoiior  shall  Riv-  it  lifflit, 

'i'liuii)];!!  shall  keep  it    rijjiit. 
J.or.ef  as  in  battlr  wt  iiKrt  on  the  wave. 


- — ,-,  — .    .„...„„. ^  u, ..,,  |.,u 

Wil.f  glares  the  eagl.  's   eye, 

Swifi  as  hi' cuts  'he  sky. 
Marking  th    waki-  whire  our  h-  roes  advance; 

<'o  iipassM  with  rays  oi  light, 

Huvn's  h  oVr  ihr  fii^lit; 
Albion  b  heartiest  and   stoops  to  his  glance. 


fnOM  THE  EOSTOV  PATHtOt. 

O"-  country,  oiiv  r.thpr'! — our  firesides  ancHives, 
Our  !ince'-:<^ors' altars,  our  friends  anrl  our  wives; 
For  tiicse  we  nre  fif^'htinp;,  for  these  our  1) earl's  b^oo'^ 
Shhll  l)lusb  tlirouf^-i)  the  oceriU,  and  mount  up  to  Hod. 
Come  rtv.'ay,  then  away,  to  tlie  roar  of  the  w;ive, 
\Viiere  death,  rob'd  in  tliuudcr,  peals  the  song  of 
the  brave. 

pescendcd  from  heroes,  our  souls  of  pure  flame, 
Tne  heirs  and  tlie  gu-ir  lians  of  WASHixGTox'd  fame; 
In  battle  liis  spi  it  smiles  on  us  with  pride; 
And  the  pray'r  that  we  breatiie,  is — "n  grave  at  his 

side:' 
Come,  brothers,  away,  join  the  roar  of  the  wave, 
Vherc  death,  rob'd  in  thunder,  peals  the  song  of 
the  brave. 

Rerriembcr  how  dear  independence  was  bought,- 
Remember  the  days  wlien  our  forefathers  fouf^ht; 
In  the  seas,  on  the  hill-tops,  their  hoi'or'd  bones  lie 
AVho   with    garlands  of  glory,  g-reet  Lawkk-.ce  on 

high. 
Then,  brothers,  away,  join  the  roar  of  the  v.-ave, 
Where  death,  rob'd  in  thunder,  peals  a  song  to 
the  brave. 

Hark!  the  groans  from  the  sea,  as  they  launch  to  his 

grave. 
The  hero,  v.-hose  blood  ting'dthe  foam  of  the  w.ave; 
'Tis  the  sigh  of  liis  crew,  as  they  mourn  round  his 

bier; 
'Tis  tlie  drop  of  the  he.art,  as  it  melts  to  n  tear. 
Then,  brotliers,  away,  join  the  roar  of  the  wave, 
Where  death,  rob'd  in  thunder,  peals  the  song- of 
tliC  brave. 

From  the  wood  thrills  a  shriek — 'tis  the  mother  laid 

low; 
O  God!  snatch  the  child  from  the  murderer's  how, 
Alreadv  the  red  knife  now  recks  throiigli  their  hair; 
^pr  idy — has  ceiised — the  loud  sliriek>  of  despair. 
Then,  brothers,  away,  join  ;'ie  roar  of  the  wave. 
Where  death,  rob'd  in  thunder,  peals  tlie  song  of 
the  brave. 


Can  the  brave  sleep  in  peace  while  beauty  is  sighing? 
Can  the  brave  sleep  in  peace  while  their  Iwothers 

are  dying. 
While  the  cries  of  the  infants  are  on  the  gale  swelling 
And  tiie  allies  of  hell  thro'  tlie  wilderness  yelling? 
Tl>en,  brothers,  away,  join  the  roar  of  the  wave, 
With  de  ith,  rob'd  in  thunder,  peal  the  song  oi' 
tire  brave. 


Tlie  sign;-.l — to  action — an  oath,  and  a  pray'r; 
.VU  sheeted  in  ligiv'ning — io!  Lawrence  is  there!. 
T   e  b:,Ule  loudV..ges — still  louder  that  shriek— 
'Mid  i!ie  cannon's  deaf  roaring,  the  inKuits'  tears. 

spe.ik. 
To  victory  then — ;j0!n  the  roar  of  the  wave, 
Where  death,  rob'd  in  thunder,  peais  the  song  of 
tlie  brave. 


jpVo.'n  the  Port  Folio — x.vTTO??At  song. 

Tiine-"The  Pillar  of  Glory." 

Written  for  the  celebration  of  the  4th  of  July,  1814, 
by  E.  C.  HoLi-Aifn,  Esq.  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Swell  the  proud  Prean!  the  day-star  advances. 
Whose  glories  the  triumph  of  Freedom  proclaim. 
Long  may  the  lustre  around  it  that  glances. 
Lead  us  to  liberty,  commerce  and  fame.      ' 

Bright  from  the  billows  foam, 

Cirt  with  a  starry  zone, 
Thy  genius  Columbia,  sublimely  aspires, 

Stern  as  her  eagle  eye, 

Tiunges  through  earth  and  sky, 
Lightens  its  glare  with  more  radiant  fires. 

Hold  v/ore  the  spirits  thy  riglits  that  defended. 
When  rock'd  witii  the  whirlwind  the  waves  of  tl^;« 

deep, 
fierce  was  the  conflict — the  battle  was  ended, 
\nd  silent  and  long  was  the  warrior's  sleep. 

Fair  blnom'd  the  forest  wild. 

Peace  t!i:»ough  the  valley  smil'd, 
No  more  howl'd  t!ie  tempest,  the'war-song  washush'^ 

Round  then  the  trump  of  fame, 

Blest  be  each  Aifro'.v  name. 
Fearless  of  death,  in  the  contest  that  rnsh'd. 

Dauntless  in  courage,  tlicy  rose  in  the  foraj', 
Ilefulgent  as  stars  o'er  the  bill<y.vy  main, 
Washington  marsliall'd  the  chieftains  to  glory, 
•Vnd  sh.one  o'er  the  host,  like  a  pdlar  of  flame. 

Back  from  thy  shores  afar, 

IloU'd  the  rude  storm  of  war, 
T'le  tcmpcst-tost  ark,  found  its  mount  of  repose^ 

Free  as  thy  flag  unfurl'd 

AVide  o'er  the  western  world. 
Liberty  dav.'n'd — and  America  rose. 

Land  of  my  fathers— resplendent  w  itli  glory, 
T!>v  genius  shall  rise  o^er  the  ruin  of  time, 
Immortal  t!iy  f.ime,  thou  shalt  live  in  the  story. 
Splendid  in  peace — and  in  battle  sublime! 

H.irk,  from  ench  rocky  height, 

D.ishes  the  tide  of  fight, 
The  noise  of  the  battle  h.ath  waken'd  thebravC; 

Proud  as  thy  banner  flies, 

!v!i!!ions  with  ardor  rise. 
Thy  realm  from  invasion  and  insult  to  save. 

R.  d  through  the  shadow's  that  darken  thy  fountains^ 
Again  like  a  meteor  the  war  beacon  streams, 
Deep  are  the  thunders  that  roll  from  thy  mountains, 
M.irtial  the  lustre  on  ocean  that  gleams. 

St.'imp'd  iin  thy  native  sea, 

Oflspring  of  liberty, 
Thy  footsteps  .are  hrighten'd  with  triumph  and  fam^. 

High  o'er  the  w.aste  of  war, 

Blazons  thy  nav.al  car, 
Ocean  is  free — .and  its  freedom  we  claim; 
.     C/iark'slsn,  S.  C.  31  Jitujj,  1814= 


SUPPLEM?.NT  TO  NILES'  RFGTST*^R— NATIONAL  POETRY.         §5 


From  the  Albany  Register. 

Mn.  SouTHwirK — In  the  course  of  the  debate  hi 
.the  house  of  assembly,  on  tiie  proposhions  of  the 
Hartford  Cjuvaition,  for  amenclin;,'' the  constitution, 
1  i>e:trd  iMr.  \ll)-,n,  of  Renssel?er  county,  decl:u-c, 
that  we  had  g-ained  nothing-  but  disgr:  ce  by  tlie 
late  war,  Sec.  Not  agreeing:  with  Mr.  Allen  in  his 
view  of  'he  suliject,  I  liave  taken  the  liberty  of 
m  king  a  song,  to  shew  my  opinion  tliat  we  have 
g-j'.ed  huircls  instead  of  disg-race  in  the  late  con- 
test. It  is  a  parody  upon  a  late  elegavt  eft'usion 
fi-oin  Messrs.  iVebsters'  press,  en'ji  led  "James  Ma- 
ilhon  my  Joe,  Jim,"  and  which  the  JFeb.'iteroniam  \\A\e 
so  iiiuch  admired.     By  giving  it  a  j)lace,    you  will 

Cb.ige  A    CO^-STA.NT  UKADKR. 

BrotJier  Jonathan'' s  Episile  to  John  Bnll. 

Oil!  .lohniiy  Bull,  my  .loe  .lolin,  I  wondiv  what  yoii  mean, 
A\     iuu  Oil  fill-,  i^ii  iMiiiqiiest  bent,  or  «liat  nmliirious  scheme? 
All!   list  to  In-cillici-  J.iiiactiyu,  yoiiir  Irniil  ss  jili.n  t'oi.  gu. 
K'  uiaiu  on  your  •last-aiielioi-"J  isle,'  oli  Joliiiiiy  Bull,  my  Joo. 

O'l!  Jdhnny  Bull,  my  Joe  John,  don't  come  across  die  main, 

Our  fathers  hied  a  I'l  suTer'd  John,  Our  fn  edom  to  maintain. 
Am!  him  who  in  the  cradle,  Jnhii.  r  p-ll'il  the  riithi   ss  foe, 
Pnivoke  not  whtn  to  niaiihood  grown,  oh  Johnny  Bull  my  Joe. 

©Ji!  Jiihnny  Bull,  my  Joe  John,  your  Peacorks  kpe.p  at  home, 

A  <I  i^p''  r  1ft  British  siaiiieM  iu  a  Frolicf^  hiiln  r  enm.-; 

For  w  'v  ■  Huniets  and  w -'v    IVatps,  John,  wlio.  as  you  doubtless 

know. 
Carry  stingers  in  their  tails,  oh!  Johnny  Bull  my  Joe. 

O  '!  Iiihnny  Bu'l,  my  Joe  John,  y  lu've  proud  and  hanc;hty  fifrown, 
Tl'--  lie  a  1  n  a  highway,   wliieh  you  tals  ly  call  your  own. 
A'.  I  '"oinmhla's  so.'is  ar    valiant.  John,  nor  f' ar  to  fact   tlie  foe, 
A  id  never  yield  to  equal  force,  oh  Johnny   Bnll,  my  Joe. 

\Vli"ii  I  name  our    naval  heroes  John,   oh!  h'jar  old  Eiijjland's 

;?roans— 
Th'r  's  Bainbriitge,  Porter.  Btnkehj,  neratiir,  Hull  nr^d  Jones; 
And  whil'   for  g.illant  I.mvrence,  our  ijnti  tul  tears  shall  Sjw, 
W     n  'Ver  will  ^ive  up  th'-  sliip,   oh!  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe. 

Oh!  Johnny  Bull,  my  Jo  ■  John,  off  Erie  s  distant  shore, 
Si  •  how   the  hattl'    rag  s,  and  loud  thn  eaniions  roar; 
Bit  Perry  taught  our  seanieii  to  crush  th.  assailing  foe- 
He  "-met  and  mride  them  ours"  oli!  Johnny  Bull,  iny  Joe. 

O'.!  .Tohnnv  Bull,  my  Joe  John,  heliold  on  Like  Cha-iiplain, 
"Wii'i  more  tha  >  -qnal  force  John,  yon  tried  your  tist  apain; 
Bill  iht-  cork  saw  Imw  'twas  going,  and  cried  CDCk-a-dnodle-do, 
All''  Macdonoiigli  was  victorious,  oh  Jolmii)   Bull,  my  Joe. 

■yem-  soldiers  oe  the  land,  John,  on  that  eveiiltul  day, 
MarK'd  the  issue  of  jli.'  conflict— and  then  they  ran  a'.vay; 
And  Macorali  would  hav.    Burgoyti'ri  John,  ybui  governor  Prevo', 
But  ah!  he  was  too  niinhle,  oh  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe. 

Oh!  Johnny  Bidl,  my  Jo>  John,  in  nigM  attacks  a'ld  dnij, 
W've  drove  you  from  fort  Ei-i  — floge-'d  you  at  Chippewa; 
Th  r  's  Porter,  Brinun  anJ  Ripley— ScoH  an<l  Gaines  to  face  the 

foe, 
J^nd  they  tise  t/te  bayonet  freely,  oh  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe. 

What  tho'  at  W.ishington,  a  hnsf,  marauding  hand, 
O'n'  i^OBuments  of  art.  John,  d'  siroy'd  with  riithl'  ss  hand; 
O'l!    twas  a  savage  wartar  .  John,  'leni-alh  a  gen  runs  foe, 
And  brings  the  most  disgrace  on  you.  oh  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe. 

Oh!  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe  John,  don't  st  nd  your  Cochranes  o'er— 
F'  w  nlaces  are  '  owmV'/i/f"  on  this  i  iir  nativ  slior  ; 
Anil  we'll  leave  our  ho  iies  and  firesides  John,  and  crush  the  rep- 
til.-  (op. 
That  dar^s  pollute  our  natal  soil,  oh  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe. 

Oh!  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe  John,  wlien  all  your  schemes  had  fail'd. 
Til  wiue  awa>   the  stigma,  John,  fir  N  w-Orh  ans  you  sail'il; 
B'  t  lieaviir  woes  await  thee  John,  for  Jn<kion  meets  th.-  Hie, 
Whose  7inmc  and/nmc'*  immortal,  oh  Johnny   Bull,  my  Joe. 

Oil!  Johnny  Bull,  my  Toe  John,  your  Pakatham  's  no  more, 
The  idood  of'your  i'nvincibles  erimsons  our  native  shore — 
Ko  Hnmpton  scenes  are  lo-re,  John,  to  gi'i  ■  t  a  savage  foe, 
Nor  '•Itooty'^—oo,  nor  '"bcnuty,"  oh  Johnny  Bull,  my  Joe. 

Oil!  Johnny  Bull,  my  Jue  John,  your  herops  kei  p  at  home, 
1  ■  high  s'i'irits  tluy  cani>-  htlier,  but  they'r.-  carried  back  in  rum; 
Y.in  say  your  sons  are  valiant.  John,  I  grant  they  may  h-  so, 
But  more  valiant  art  our  yankee  boys,  oh  Johnny   Bull,  my  Jo". 

Tour  schemes  to  gather  laurels  here,  I  guess  were  hadly  plann'd, 
AVe've   wiiipp'd  you  on  the  ocean,  John,  we've  lal/ier'd  you   on 

land, 
Then  hie  thee  to  Old  Eigland,  John,  your  fruitless  plans  forego, 
A'nd  haste  lo  thy  "I'ait-aiichor'd  rslej"  oh  Johnny  Bull,  niy  J«e. 


Tiie  following  ode  was  written  by  a  young  lady  of 
this  town,  for  the  reiribliciin  celebration  at  Lex- 
ington, iVIhss.  on  tlie  4th  of  ,Iuly,  and  was  sung  in 
the  meeting-house,  by  Mi-s.  Rowsov.  It  is  an  ele- 
gant :nd  tasteful  composition,  and  deserves  t)ie 
pr.dse  of  combining  noble  sentiments  with  har- 
monious poetry. —  Ho^.  pah. 
?iail !  to  the  birtli  of  America's  glory, 
'.ler  genius  sounds  loudly  ti;c  trumpet  of  fiime; 
Children,  tiieirp.u-ents,  and  grandf  i'hcrs  hoary 
Exult  iu  the  valor  wluch  purchas'd  that  name; 
Her  hei'oes  have  fought  again, 
Truth  and  justice  to  maint.ain, 
Against  foreign  insult,  menace  and  scorn; 
Baltimore  and  Orleans  free. 
Have  raised  the  siiout  of  victory,  ' 

.\nd  offered  new  gems  her  temple  to  adorn. 

Supreme  are  the   joys  this  day  will  afTord  }e. 
For  Freedom  lias  giilhered  green  bays  for  eacli  son; 
Hrothers  made  captive  for  vengeance  im.plor'd  thee. 
And  wept  with  delight  at  tlie  battles  ycu  won: 

A  Hrm  and  united  band, 

Freed  by  jour  valiunt  hand, 
No  tyrant  sliall  force  them  from  liberty's  tree; 

Will)  grateful  emotion, 

Tl.ey  offer  devotion 
To  the  God  who  protects  tliem  on  land  .and  by  sea 

Who  would  exchange  for  a  traitor's  reflection, 
The  pride  of  the  freem.,n  who  hied  iu  our  cause' 
Whose  prowess  rcle;'s'd  from  disgraceful  restriction 
A  country  directed  by  virtue's  best  laws: 

Tiieir  praise  shall  abound  again, 

From  Europe's  wildest  gden. 
For  honor  and  mercy  rejoice  in  tiieir  f.\rae; 

While  carn.ige  and  plunder, 

Have  mark'd  liritisli  tiiunder. 
And  tarnish'd  what  lustre  might  circle  her  name 

Our  statesmen  with  wisdom  havegovern'd  the  nntion 
Avenging  the  wrongs  wliich  their  coinitry  endur'd; 
To  freedom  they  offer'd  a  grateful  ol)lation. 
And  peace  by  tiieir  judgment  have  lirmlv  secar'd; 

Our  ships  now  securely  ride, 

Over  ocean's  swelling  tide, 
Protected  by  the  b.anncr  they  proudly  displav; 

Xe'er  sliall  it  be  seen  to  wave, 

Guardi.ui  of  that  sordid  slave. 
Who,  bought  by  foreign  gold,  shuns  this  auspicious 

day. 

The  genius  of  Columbia  a  laurel  wreath  bears," 
For  vlie  heroes  whose  courage  her  power  maintains. 
Yet  a  crown  of  fresh  cypress  she  mournfully  we:trs. 
For  the  loss  wliich  licr  children  but  recent  sustains: 

Rlest  shade  of  departed  worth. 

Smile  on  your  nation's  mirlh. 
O'er  clouded  by  grief,  for  the  statesman  we  mourn. 

Sure  Gkhiiv  in  realms  above. 

Will  share  in  our  anxious  love. 
For  the  country  he  clierish'd,  but  ne'er  can  rejohi. 

This  spot,  which  fast  witness'd  Columbia's  commo- 
tion. 
Exhorts  us  to  equ.al  in  valor  and  truth, 
Wiiat  we  hallow  this  day  with  grateful  emotion; 
The  mem'ry  of  champions  who  giuirded  our  youth,. 

l{ere  Lawrence,  BurroWes,  Allen's  shades, 

And  those  wiio  fought  on  freedom's  glades. 
Unite  with  the  spirits  of  seventy-five; 

To  receive  tlie  just  praises, 

Of  iheir  country,  whicli  raises 
j Their  famet*  the  portals  of  Heav'irs  wcbive: 


S6 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY. 


From  the  Port  Folio — natal  song. 
Sons  of  the  deep!  ye  spirits  brave, 

Wliose  victories  saved  a  nation's  fame; 
From  whom  the  rulers  of  the  wave 

First  learn'd  the  pangs  of  fear  and  shame. 
To  you  the  goblet's  flowing  free, 

To  you  we  fill  where'er  you  roam. 
Whether  you  brave  the  stormy  sea, 
Or  dare  the  thunderer  in  his  home! 

Skilful  and  bold,  by  labor  nurst, 

By  lionor  tauglit,  by  hardship  tried; 
fn  danger  and  in  glory  first. 

Your  conr.try's  hope,  her  joy,  lier  pride! 

To  your  loved  manes,  ye  gallant  few. 

Our  souls  the  song  of  triumph  raise. 
And  future  years  shall  swell  for  you 
The  fondly  lingering  notes  of  praise. 

Long  may  your  flag  its  lustre  shed 
-  O'er  the  wild  waters  of  the  main; 
Long  may  the  laurel  crown  your  head. 
And  never,  never,  wear  a  stain! 

To  you,  with  soul-enamouring  beam. 

Dear  woman's  magic  eye  shall  turn; 

Your  deeds  shall  be  the  sage's  tlieme, 

And  o'er  the  storv  >'outh  shall  burn. 


From  the  Port  Folio. 
JOVE'S  EAGLE.— Tdnk,  "  Genernl    n'olfc" 
Tlie  sj'nod  of  gods  were  assembled  in  state, 

Conven'din  tlie  regions  above. 
When  Plicvbus  arising  beg-an  the  debate, 
And  thus  lie  address'd  father  Jove  : 

■(J  fatlier !  as  lately  the  coursers  of  day 

descended  t!ie  road  in  the  west, 
All  faint  and  cxliausted,  1  paus'd  in  my  v/ay. 

To  give  them  refreshment  and  rest. 

Looking  down  where  the  i)lue  rolling  ocean  extends, 
Where  once  lay  the  region  of  night : 

Lo !  full  on  mv  view  a  large  continent  bends 
I^e'er  seen  by  the  beams  of  my  light. 

From  hence  mighty  rivers  and  lakes  Isurvey'd, 
The  trees  on  their  margin  tliat  grow  ; 

And  mountains  projecting-,  such  grandeur  of  sliade, 
They  frown  on  Olympus  belqw. 

My  course  was  so  rapid  I  caught  but  a  glance. 

For  I  had  delayed  my  career, 
Ivly  steeds  would  have  check'd  sister  Dian's  advance. 

That  season  to  mortals  so  dear. 

Tlien  wing-footed  Hermes  the  tlu-one  thus  address'd: 

O  fiither  !  now  listen  to  me  : 
This  eagle  I  found  while  exploring-  the  west. 

And  here  I  present  him  to  thee. 

.Jove  said,  while  the  bird  on  his  sceptre  had  sprung. 

How  stately  !  how  noble  his  air! 
Now  fain  would  I  see  if  an  eagle  so  yoijng, 

}n  triumph  my  thunder  can  bear. 

T!ie  bird  seiz'd  the  bolt  and  resplcndant  he  flew, 
Wliile  the  gods  all  bdield  in  amaze  ; 

Wiiilc  c;dm!y  he  sailed  through  the  regions  of  blue, 
And  bore  in  his  talons  the  blaze. 

See  Neptune,  cries  Jove,  how  he  flashes  along, 

Now  over  thme  empire  he  flies  ; 
Frori  ocean  is  dash'd  a  refulgence  so  strong 

Tiie  lustre  ascends  to  the  skies. 


He  bears  in  his  talons  my  thunder  so  well, 

'Tis  a  present  I  cannot  decline  ; 
Hencefoi'th  let  all  those  on  Olympus  who  dwell 

Know  the  bird  of  the  west  shall  be  mine. 

Then  blue-ey'd  Minerva  accosted  the  throne ; 

TJiy  justice  shall  mortals  arraign  ; 
Thy  herald  is  seen  in  tiiy  thunders  alone. 

And  man  will  indignant  complain. 

Let  mercy  and  justice  thine  attributes  prove, 

And  thus  be  their  union  express'd  ; 
The  olive  of  Pallas  and  thunder  of  Jove 

Be  boi-ne  by  the  bird  of  ttie  west ! 

Witli  brim-flowing  nectar  these  words  they  approve. 
And  this  was  the  words  they  express' d  : 

The  olive  of  Pailas  and  thimder  of  Jove, 
And  here's  to  the  bird  of  the  west ! 


The  following  lines  were  occasioned  by  a  fact  which 
actually  occurred  not  long-  since,  where  the  scene 
is  laid,  and  is  so  highly  characteristic  of  John 
Bull  and  Brother  Jonatlian,  that  you  may  perhaps 
consider  the  truth  and  humor  of  the  subject  de- 
serving publicity.  Jiep.  Adv. 

A  TRUE  STORY. 

On  tlic  plains  of  New-Jersey,  one  hot  summer's  day» 
Two  Englishmen,  snug  in  a  coach,  were  vap'ring' 

A  Yankee,  who  happened  to  travel  that  way, 
Took  a  seat  alongside,  and  sat  wond'ring  &  gaping. 

Chock  full  of  importance,  like  every  true  Briton, 
Who  Icnows  Britisli  stars  far  outshine  out  poor  luna; 

These  cockneys  found  notliing  their  optics  to  hit  on. 
But  what  was  insipid  or  miserably  puny. 

Compared  with  the  English,  our  horses  were  colts. 
Our  oxen  but  goats — and  slieep  but  a  lamb; 

And  the  people!  (poor  blockades)  such  pitiful  dolts! 
Mere  Hottentot  children,  contrasted  with  them! 

Just  then  a  black  cloud  in  the  west  was  ascending, 
The  lig!itningflashedfrequent,with  horrible  glare; 

Wliile  near  &  more  near,  a  fierce  tempest  portending 
Tiie  thunder  rebellowed  along  the  rent  air. 

An  oak,  by  the  way  side,  Jove's  bolt  made  a  dash  on. 
With  a  peal  tliatknock'd  horses  &  cockneys  all  flat; 

There,  hang  you!  cries  Jonathan,  quite  in  a  passion, 
Have  you  got  better  thundeii  inEngland  than  that.' 

(i;j=The  following  original  anecdote,  which  has 
been  told  to  the  editor  of  the  Weekly  Register,  so 
happily  follows  up  tl»e  spirit  of  tlie  precedhig,  that 
we  gladly  take  the  present  occasion  to  insert  it — 

A  young  American  who  had  been  in  London  se- 
veral weeks,  was  one  day  dining  at  the  house  of  a 
merchant  with  a  large  partj',  where  the  conversa- 
tion timied  upon  the  relative  merits  of  things  in 
England  and  America,  v.iien  it  was  modestly  deter- 
mined that  there  was  notliing,  whether  of  the  pro- 
duct of  nature  or  art,  in  the  latter,  that  could  be 
compared  with  like  things  in  the  former.  The  Yan- 
kee, being  alone,  entered  but  little  into  the  dispute 
— however,  it  so  happened,  that  as  it  was  nearly 
finished,  the  sji7j  made  its  appearance — on  which  lie 
arose  from  the  table  and  taking  up  liis  hat,  gave 
three  cheers,  to  the  great  alarm  of  the  company. 
On  an  anxious  enquiry  "what  was  the  matter.'"-;- 
iie  said— "notliing — only  that  he  had  not  seen  his 
countryman  so  long  that  he  could  not  help  greeting 
his  unexpected  appearance!" 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY.         87 


BATTLE  OP  NEW-ORLEANS. 

From  a  London  paper. 
'TIS  NIGHT!  The  combat's  rage  isoe'r, 

The  watch  fires  blaze  from  hill  to  hill. 
The  bug-le  note  is  heard  no  more. 

But  all  is  solemn,  hush'd  and  still ! 
Save  when  some  faint  and  mommful  tone. 
Swells  on  the  midnight  breeze  a  dying  moan. 

How  chang'd  the  scene,  where  morn  beheld 

A  gallant  host  in  bright  array  ; 
While  martial  notes  exulting  swell'd, 

To  cheer  the  brave  on  danger's  way  ; 
And  hope  and  valor  bade  the  pulse  beat  high, 
ThriU'd  the  warm  heart,  and  fir'd  the  kindling  eye. 

Now  the  pale  beams  by  raoi!»nlight  shed, 

A  field  of  blood  disclose. 
Where  on  their  chill  and  lowly  bed. 

The  martyr'd  brave  repose. 
And  the  dead  calm,  the  desolate  suspense. 
With  nameless  horror  chill  the  shuddering  sense. 

Thou<?ands  are  here  who  sprang  to  arms. 
When  the  shrill  clarion  peal'd  the  strain. 

By  danger's  call,  or  glery's  charms, 
Ne'er  to  be  rous'd  again: 

E'en  now,  while  shades  and  stillness  reign, 

A  viewless  band  are  near — the  spirits  of  the  slain. 

Whence  came  that  deep  tremendous  sound 
Whence  liroke  tliat  flash  intensely  bright. 

Bursting  the  midnight  calm  profound  ? 
A  cannon  peal  disturbs  the  night ! 

'Tis  past,  p.rd  deeper  is  the  gloom. 

And  all  again  is  silent  as  the  tomb. 

Glancing  by  fits  on  sliiver'd  steel, 

A  qui v'r in g  light  tiie  moon  beams  throw. 

And  through  the  broken  clouds  reveal 
Full  many  a  sight  of  death  and  woe  ; 

Gleaming  .on  pallid  forms  around, 

Stretch'd  on  the  soldier's  bier,  the  cold  and  dewy 
ground. 

Midnight  and  death  o'er  all  the  soil, 

A  fearful  deep  repose  have  spread  ; 
Worn  with  long  hours  of  martial  toil. 

The  living  slumber  with  the  dead, 
Nor  hear  the  v/oundcd  faintly  sigh. 
Nor  dream  of  those  who  round  them  bleed  and  die! 

Rest,  slumberers  rest !  the  mom  shall  wake. 

And  ye  to  arms  again  shall  rise  I 
Your  sleep  the  clarion  call  shall  break. 

And  life  and  hope  shall  fire  your  eyes. 
But  oh  !  what  thousands  strew  the  battle  plain. 
Whom  day  spring  ne'er   shall  wake,  nor  war  note 
rouse  again. 


The  Briton  enrag'd,  has  proclaim'd  in  his  pride. 

To  erase  tiie  strong  fabric  our  sires  had  erected; 
To  pollute  the  fair  fame  for  which  millions   have 
died. 
To  destroy  freedom's  temple,  by  freemen  pro- 
tected. 
Boasting  loud  o'er  the  wave. 
Come  his  Wellingtons  brave. 
Ah  !  who  shall  the  green  tree  of  liberty  save? 
Mark  the  Eagle  of  freedom,  his  banners  unfurled. 
His  eye  on  tlie  sun,  while  suspense  chains  the  world. 

From  a  tliousand  ships  pouring,  his  conquerors  of 
France, 
Debouch  on  our  plains  in  the  dread  pomp  of  war; 
Confiding  in  conquest  they  gaily  advance, 
Their  deep-mouth'd  artillery  thunders  afar; 
Near  Niagara's  roar, 
Tiie  parched  earth  drank  their  gore. 
Our  heroes  theu-  laurels  triumphantly  tore. 
Brown,  Scott,    Gaines  and  Ripley,  their  falchions 
raised  high. 
Their  resolve — "we  will  conquer  or  gloriously 
die." 

See  the  sons  of  tlie  west,  like  a  dai-k  cloud  of  night. 
With    eagerness    forth  from    their  deep  forests 
throng ; 
Their  death-tubes  of  terror  prepar'd  for  the  fight. 
Like  their  own  Mississippi,  impetuous  and  strong; 
Tis  Jackson  who  leads 
Them  to  glorious  deeds. 
Where  the  vaunting  invader  in  agony  bleeds; 
Come,toast  then  our  heroes,  we  swear  this  gi-eat  day. 
We  will  hand  down  in  glory  till  time  pass  away. 


SONG, 

Composed   bij    J)fr.   John  jM'Cree.rtj,    of  Petersbiir^f, 
Virq-inia,  and  sung    at  that  place  on  the  fovrlh  of 
Juhj,  1815. 
No  more  the  loud  tones  of  the  trumpet  resound. 
No  more  the  war-bugle's  wild  notes  strike  the  ear; 
Our  warriors  return  from  the  battle  i-enown'd, 
To  the  bosom  of  friendship  and  families  dear. 
Mild  peace  round  her  flings 
Balmy  sweets  from  lier  wings. 
The  welkin  with  echoes  of  happiness  rings; 
Come,  toast  our  bi-ave  heroes,  and  swear  this  great 

day 
We  will  hand  do^vn  in  glory  till  time  pass  away. 


From  the  Columbian. 

Mr.  Holt— Sir,  the  iuUomng  parody  (if  it  can  be  so  called)  «ii 
the  Amerwdn  Star,  was  written  by  two  Journeymtn  ship  tarptn- 
ters,  during  their  short  stay  at  Sackel's  Harbor,  after  hearing  the 
itews  of  peace  at  that  jilaee.  If  you  think  it  worth  inserting  iu 
your  paper,  you  will  much  oblige  a  -^  constant  reader. 


Come  strike  up  an  anthem  the  war  dogs  cease  howling, 

Already  they  eagerly  flee  o'er  the  plain; 
The  red  cloud  of  war  o'tr  our  land's  no  mere  scowling: 

Soft  peace  views  the  scene  and  returns  once  again. 
Thi- lul'aiit  now  smiling  is  clasp'd  by  its  mother. 

The  youth  sheathi  Ins  sword  and  for  pleasure  prepares; 
While  beauty  smiles  sweetly  on  lovers  and  brothers, 

Who  have  crowned  with  laurels  the  American  stars. 

II. 

At  tlie  loud  sound  of  peace  let  all  cowards  awaken. 

Who  dreaded  theritie  and  cannon's  deep  roar, 
No  niore  with  pale  lear  or  faint  doubling  be  shaken, 

Tlie  lots  hostile  foot  treads  no  more  on  our  shore. 
No  more  unprotected  the  female's  left  weeping, 

Insulted  by  ruffUns  or  dragg'd  to  tiespair; 
Behold  from  our  fiontier  the  Briton  retreating, 

Dismsy'd  by  the  brilliant  American  Star. 

III. 

The  spirit  of  Lawrence,  of  Pike,  aiidof  Burrows, 

Look  down  from  the  Heavens  with  aspect  si  niit; 
Come  sailors,  and  soldiers,  a  tear  lor  those  heroes, 

Uijoiting  they'll  see  us  in  peace  once  again; 
To  us  tlie  high  boon  by  the  G(Kls!ias  been  granted, 

To  spread  the  glad  tidings  of  liberty  far; 
When  thousands  invaded,  we  m.  t  them  undaunted. 

And  fought  and  defended  the  American  Star. 

IV. 

Your  hands,  then,  dear  comrades,  round  liberty's  sjtar, 

United  we've  fought  by  the  side  of  the  brave; 
If  any  were  found  in  the  contest  tolaulttr, 

'lliL-ir  Weakness  we'll  pity— 'tis  all  they  can  crave. 
Then,  freeman,  retnnito  your  homes  with  assurauce,. 

The  Lion  of  Britain  is  driven  afar; 
No  nii.re  lie'li  invade,  or  with  baneful  influence. 

Invite  the  fell  savage  to  tarnish  our  Star. 


88 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  R^GTSTRR— NATIONAL  POETRY. 


NAVAL  SONG. 

Char^t;  the  can  c/ie.;ri!!,. 
Now  coil  upyoiirnonspnse  'bout  Epglanfi's  frreat  navy. 

And  take  ill  youi-  slaik  about  oak  lif  arte  il  tars; 
J"oi-  A-igMtrs  as  stout,  am)  as  gallant  crews  havr  we, 
Oi-  I'ow  came  her  Maceiloit  deckeil  with  our  stars? 
Yes.  Iiow  came  Iter  Gu^■rrier<-,  h=r  P^aciick  and  Java, 

All  seat  broki  II  libbM  to  oh\  Daiy  of  lat  •? 
IIow  i.ameil!  «liv,  jplitni,-!  than  Britons  w.Vr  braver, 
And  tbatshsU  I'lK-y  Ceil,  too,  whenever  w^-  meet, 
'i'hi  II  cliarRe  thi  can  cheeiily, 
SrnJ  it  round  nierriiy, 
Here's  to  our  country  and  captains  commanding; 
To  all  who  inherit. 
Of  Lawrfnce  the  spirit. 
Disdaining  to  strik'^  while  a  stick  is  left  standing. 

Nay,  if  unwar.  s  we  should  run  (a  frtsh  Ri'e  in) 

Close  in  with  a  squadron,  we'd  laugh  at  'em  all; 
We'd  tip  niasttr  Bull  suih  a  saniple  of  sailing, 

As  shoidd  cause  him  to  fret  like  a  pig  in  a  squall. 
\Vr'<l  show  the  vain  boaster  of  numbers  suiitriur. 

Though  he  and  his  klav.sat  the  notion  ma>  sueer, 
111  skill,  as  in  eoiiraee.  to  us  th'  y're  inferior. 

For  the  loiiiC(  r  lliey  chase  us.  the  less  we've  to  fear. 
Then  charge  the  can,  he. 

But  should  H  razee  b.   espied  ahead  nearly, 

To li  tell  h<'r  We'd  croud  every  stich  we  could  make, 
Down  cbesi  s,  and  ii|)  hammoeks,  would  heave  away  cheerily. 

And  readv  lur  acrmii  would  be  in  a  shake. 
For  her  swa'ggerini;;  cut  through,  and  metal  iiot  caring, 

Till  up  with  her  close  should  our  fire  be  witliheld, 
Tli'-ii  pour'd  in  so  hut  that  lu  r  mangled  crew  fearing 

A  trip  lu  ih  ■  bottom,  sliould-speedily  yield. 
Thini  charge  the  can,  &c. 
Bntannia,  although  she  heleagmrs  our  coast  now, 

Thedreaii  of  oiirwives,  and  our  sweitheaitsas  well, 
Of  ruling  ihe  xvava;  lias  less  iVason  to  boast  now. 

As  Dacies,  and  Garden,  and  Whinyates  can  tell. 
KuroUcd  in  our  annals  live  Hull  aid  Decatur. 

.loiies.  Law lenee  and  IJainbridge,  Columbia's  pride; 
The  pride  of  our  navy,  which,  sooinr  or  later, 

iiball  vjii  the  wide  ocean  irinmpliantly  ride. 
Then  charge  the  can,  ike 


^ 


Fioni  ihe  Ktnv  York  Gazette. 
THE  IRON  GREYS. 
A  patriotic  0(/t— Tune  "  Adams  and  Liberty" 
"Pro  bono  Patria!" 
HARK!  the  trumpet  of  war  calls  tlie  sons  of  the  brave; 
Descendants  of  sires  deemed  immortal  in  story, 
Your  fathers  appeal  from  tlw  vest  of  the  gray  ■, 
To  preserve  from  corrosion  their  laurels  of  glory. 
Arise  in  your  might— Snatch  the  wreath  from  the  blight, 
The  gailand  of  Fame,  wun  by  valor  in  fight, 
On  the  altar  of  fre.dom  your  off- rings  raise. 
Inspired  by  llie  blessing,  be  warmed  by  the  blaze. 

T,et  us  nv  rge  in  one  feeling  of  generous  stamp, 
'FAer>  private  concern  and  all  party  distinction; 
T,et  tach  breast  be  a  fortress,  our  country  a  camp. 
And  indignantly  foil  every  hostile  pretension. 
.\ronse!  one  and  all;  hear  the  patriot  call, 
'•United  we  stand,  and  divided  we  fall." 
From  a  Vandal  invasion,  or  a  Saracen  grave. 
Preserve  for  your  suns  what  your  forefiitbtrs  gave. 

'Gainst  your  liherti' s  foes,  be?  your  haniiprs  unfurled, 
'(J  s,iurnfrom  jour  shores  every   liiut  of  i.ivasioo; 
From  aggression  seeuivtlie  you..'^  uop.-  of  liie  w;prld, 
And  as  tirni  as  voiir  hills.  ti\  Ihe  lights  of  the  nation. 
While  yankee  Mood  warms,  we  heed  no  alarms. 
If  true  to  ourselves,  let  the  world  come  inarms; 
'/"he  slumbering  Hercules  rotisd  by  the  shock, 
AVill  inovetotlie  world  his  legitimate  stock. 

"Will  the  sons  of  Colurrbia.  inert  and  supine. 

See  their  ciiiesin  il»mes,  and  their  temples  degraded? 

Will  libertj's  heirs  basely  fly  from  Iier  shrine, 

■When  their  homes  are  attacked  and  th."ir  tire-sides  invaded; 

Disgrace  'whelm  the  slave!  in  oblivion's  wave, 

■Whowlll  not  support  on  the  verge  of  his  grave. 

His  honor,  his  freedom,  his  country's  fair  fame. 

Inviolate  from  insult,  untarnisheil  with  shame. 

Be  firm,  be  united,  resolvi'<!  to  maintain. 

Those  gifts  which  alone  make  this  life  worth  possessing, 

Tour  foes  will  retire  fiom  a  contest  so  vain. 

Your  struggles  be  crowned  by  your  God  with  his  blessing. 

Then  hr.indish  your  steel,  and  to  heaven  appeal. 

Let  your  insolent  foenieii  disconitiited  feel. 

How  mighty  your  strength  when  by  wisdom  arrayed. 

Plow  majestic  your  power  wliCJi  i"  union  displayed. 

All  hail  to  the  band,  who,  like  Spartaus,  have  joined 

Heart  and  hand,  to  rep,  I  the  assaults  of  ugcr.  ssiou, 

Inspiresl  by  onesiuland  inlormed  *'y  on    miud, 

'Jhey  vxill  chec.'i  by  their  d.-!■d^,  tli'  iinoads  of  oppression. 

May  glorvembla/.i — in  the  liveliest  rays, 

Tli.-  patriotic  skill  of  the  true  ''/coii  Gieys," 

Aiid  gratitiid;-.  honor,  ths;  w(  rth  of  the  brave, 

M'ilh  a  wreath  Jor  bis  lirow  or  a  ttar  for  his  grave. 


SOXG, 

J1  rit'enfur  ihe  anniversary  of  ^1  merle  an  Independence. 
(July  4Mii,  1815) — by  BJ■;-^  >a,  Ci!.v.A<.o\-,  ("-cj. 

Tuue- Ball  leeft/wNife. 
Rejoice,  rejoice!  Columbia's  sons  rejoicr ! 

Blest  be  the  Day.  which  gave  your  tivedom  birth; 
R'l' i''e,  r  .joic- !  Columhia'v  sonsrejoio; ! 

A:id  let  your  songs  resound  throughout  the  earth.  .. 
For  our  .  agle  in  mid  heaven  (fam'd  in  britliant  story) 
Soars  ill  effulgence  amidst  constellated  glory; 
And  the  records  of  5  our  fame. 
All  triumphantly  proclaim— 
Ai'd  the  records  ol  your  fame, 
All  triilniph.iKtly  proclaim— 
Columbia-  brave  Columbia's  sons  immortaliz'd shall be« 
tllO».  :-s. 
Huzza,  huzza,  huzza,  huzza,  huzza,  boyt. 
Frceiloni's  sacred  tem/ile—hii/ienrrd  in  grand  display  f 
Huzza,  huzza,  huzza,  huzza,  huzza,  boys. 
''Tis  Culumbiu's—blcss'dCulunhjia''s  natal  day. 

All  hail!  the  Day  of  grateful  Independence; 

LitiTty  secur.jjl  from  v  ngeful  war's  alarms: 
Fnetloin's  great  chart-r,  with  benefits  immense, 
R'  iidi  r  honor  all"!  glory  to  your  arms: 
For  IVashiugtou,  in  triumph,  led  forth  your  troops  to  battle; 
Eialted  wer-  their  d.  rds,  on  the  tit  ld,where  dangers  hurtle; 
While  the  genius  of  your  sage, 
Re|iiodiit'd  the  golden  age, 
Whll. ,  &c. 
And  IPashingttin,  great  Wa^kingtun  ini  mortaliz'd  shall  be. 

Chorus— i/i/asn,  ilirc. 

The  Sturm  of  war  again  afflicts  our  nation, 

Oiny/rerf'»iniifriiig'd— our  rights  impair'd  and  feil'd; 
But  our  herues  of  the  land,  the  lakes  aud  the  ocean. 
Triumphantly  the  enemy  despoil'd: 
For  tliougli  gT' at  W' re  the  sins  ot  Britannia— ofTending- 
And  dark  low'i'd  tin  temprst— nurdistiniesiinpcndiiigi 
Y.  t  the  battle  of  Champlain, 
Aiid  the  battles  on  the  main,' 

Yel,&c. 

With  Jackson,gal\zmJackson''s  fame,  immortaliz'd  shall  be. 

Ctnytus— Huzza,  &c. 

Charge,  charge— a  health— Ote  pledge  of  love  and  honor, 

(Wliit -oliff'd  Albion  her  rujal  crimes  atom  s,) 
To  Hull.D  catur,  Bainhridg'  and  M'D.mough, 
P  rn'.  Port,  r,  Rodgers,  Burfiws,  Lawrence,  Jon»s. 
For  Britannia  no  mure  Neptune's  trident  now  retaining;  ( 

Thccoranu  re-  of  tin  world,  with  pride  and  power  enehaioingi' 
Suceumhs,  ill  hopeless  frowns! 
To  our  Jaeksoiis,  Scolts,  and  Browns, 
Suecnnibs  &c. 
To  our  land  and  naval  h'  roes-  who  immortaliz'd  shall  be. 

Chorus— ffuzza,  &c.' 

Great  was  the  day— illustrious  and  glorious, 

Lauit  Is  i  iittti  .ing  tlu  olive  branch  of  peace; 
Our  vet'rans  in  ar  us,  o'.  rail  their  toes  victorious, 
I  he  war  trump's  clangor,  and  toils  of  battle  cease: 
Now  tile  g  iiiiis  iif  t'olumbia  all  her  rights  regaining. 
The  patriot's '  Ha'iiiiig  sword'  her  lib»  rties  maintaining,' 
All    wiih  honor,  joy  and  pride. 
Stars  and  stripes  on  every  tide, 
A  id  with  l<jc. 
Exalted  lik    her  t^agl  ,  bright  and  glorious  shnll  be. 

Choi  ns— //uxxa,  &c. 

Columbia,  tlins  in  majesty  supreme, 

Rise  il,  thy  sireiigih,  and  in  grandeur  spread  thyfam^; 
On  all  tin  files  il.  vengeful  f  rrors  ghani. 

But  in  peue  blend  sweet  friniilship  with  thy  name. 
For  giiM'ious,  midst  the  nations,  surrounding  and  admiring. 
With  virtue,  science,  arts— auibitiously  aspiring, 
Indep  iideiice  be  our  joy. 
Our  affections  to  employ, 
I.ilep  ndence.  Stc. 
And  Columbia,  fam'd  Columbia  thus  immortaliz'd  shall  ht.' 

CUuvui— Huzza,  &e. 


rno'T  CO  ".RE  t"'?  regi.ster. 
"««?•  in  Disguise."  or,  an  Apology  for  His  Majesty''s  Service,' 

One  Sfeplitf  .,  a  Lawyer,  and  one  a  Reporter, 
Of  War  ai.i!  i>f  Ta\.  s  a  gallaut  suppurter, 
111  sum    \>ay  or  other  to  IVilberforce  kin. 
And  a  Memlier,  like  him,  for  a  Borough  brought  in, 
Who  a  Master  in  Chancery  since  has  been  made. 
Wrote  a  Pamphlet  to  shew,  that  Junuthnn^s  TRADE, 
Which  w:^s  then  carri'  d  on,  on  all  lails  of  the  sea, 
111  Bivail.  Meal  and  Clothing,  and  Sugar  and  Tea, 
Wasa"/f«;'  in  ZJ/jguwe,-"  which,  though  strange,  at  first  •ighl,- 
Kveuts  liav    since  prov'd  ii;ay  have  been  but  too  right; 
For,  wlien  Carden  the  ship  of  the  yankee  D.-catnr, 
Attaci^'d,  without  duiibting  totak.  her,  or  beat  her, 
Af'rig'ite  she  seeiu'd  to  his  glass  and  iiis  eyes. 
But,  when  taken  himself,  how  great  his  surprise, 
Tu  find  h  r  "vl  seventy  four  in  disguise  I" _ 

If  Jiinuthcn,  thus,  has"  tile  art  of  disguising, 
'fhat  he  caotnres  our  ships  is  by    no  means  surprising; 
And  it  can't  bediigraceful  to  strike  to  an  Elf,  ^ 

W'm  is  more  than  a  ma'rh  for  the  DeVil  himself.  PV»S> 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY.        89 


Washington  City,  January  9,  1816. 
'The  representation  in  congress  from  Pennsylva- 
aia,  and  a  number  of  other  gentleman  from  that 
state,  yesterday  gave  a  dinner  at  M'Keowin's  Hotel, 
to  commodores  Decatur  and  Stewart  and  captain 
HiJdle,  of  tlie  United  States'  navy,  all  citizens  of 
that  commonwealth.  Among  the  songs  given  on  tlie 
occasion,  -.vas  tlie  following  composed  and  i^ung  hy 
Dr.  hnrlhigton,  and  received  with  unbomided  3p- 
pl.uise  by  the  company. 

YANKEE  TARS. 

Tx;xi; — "Mrs.  Cttsey." 
Whene'er  the  tyrants  of  the  main. 

Assault  Columbian  seamen. 
They'll  find  tliem  ready  to  maintain 

The  noble  name  o?  free^nen. 
g'ftojvis— Then  toast  the  brave,  for  they  will  save 
Columbia's  fame  from  sinking; 
Tiie  honor'd  scars  of  Yankee  Tars 
Are  glorious  themes  for  drinking. 

Too  long  our  Tars  have  borne,  in  peace. 

With  British  domineerhig; 
B'lt  now  they've  sworn  tiie  trade  shall  cease — 

For  vengeance  they  ore  steering. 
Then  td.ist,  &c. 

First  gallant  HULL,  he  was  the  lad, 

Wiio  sailed  a  tyrant-hunting: 
And  swagg'ring  Dacres  soon  was  glad 

To  strike  U)""stnfjeil  Bunting.'" 
Then  toast,  &c. 

Intrepid  JONES  next  boldly  sought 

Tiie  demons  of  oppression  : 
With  a  superior  force  he  fought, 

And  gave  the  knaves  a  threshing ! 
Then  toast,  &c. 

Then  quickly  met  our  nation's  eyes 

The  noblest  sight  in  nature — 
A  fii-st-rate  frigate,  as  a  prize. 

Brought  in  by  brave  UECATUH. 
Then  toast,  &c. 

And  daring  LWVRIiNCE  next  parades, 
From  zone  to  zone  he  sought  'em  : 

9ne  boasting  llriton  he  blockades. 
And  sends  one  to  the  bottom. 
Then  toast,  he. 

Next  see  our  gallant  Enterprize, 

How  nobly  ocean  rocks  her  ! 
There  BURROWS  for  his  country  dies— 

Eut  first  subdues  the  Boxer. 
Then  toast;  8iC. 

With  loud  applauses  next  we  greet 

'I'he  glorious  news  from  Erie — 
Behold!  a  powerful  British  fleet 

Submits  to  gallant  PERRY. 
Then  toast,  &c. 

Tl-.en  WARRINGTON,  his  cotmtry's  pride, 

Sails  boldly  forth  to  serve  her; 
And  quickly  humbled,  by  his  side. 

We  see  tlie  fierce  Eperviei\' 
Then  toast,  &c 

From  noble  BLAKELEY's  dauntless  force. 

His  vanq'-ilsh'd  foes  in  vain  steer: 
Tor  he  could  stop  the  Avon''s  course, 

And  overhaul  tlie  Reindeer! 
Then  toast,  &c. 

M'DONOUGH !  hero  of  Champlairit 
Next  proved  that  British  seamen, 
With  Yankee  Tars  contend  in  v.dn— 
Because  those  tars  are  Freemen. 
Then  toast,  &c. 
8UPP)UEM£NT  TO  VOL.  IX.  M 


With  "Ironsides"  brave  STEWART  slips 

To  sea,  on  her  t/tird  cruise,  sir. 
And  tired  of  flogg-ing  si7igle  skiffs,  ' 

She  drubs  them  now  by  tttto's,  sir  ! 
Then  toast,  &.c. 

The  Pengvin  next,  with  her  vain  crew. 
Thought  she  to  strike,  v«ould  scorn  its 

She  sought  a  IVasp — but  fovmd  in  lieu, 
Our  lilDDLE,  and  his  Hornet! 

Then  toast,  &c. 
Our  Yankee  Tars,  to  Afric's  shore. 

Our  lieroes,  l:isvly,  lead  'em— 
And  Turkish  baimers  bow  before 

The  starry  flag  of  Freedom. 

Tiien  toast,  &c. 
Come  push  the  flowing  bowl  around. 

And  in  Columbia's  story, 
Lsing  mav  such  gallant  names  aboimd, 
To  vindicate  her  glory  ! 

Then  toast  the  brave,  for  they  will  sa-v'e 
Columbia's  fume  from  sinking  ; 
The  honor'd  SL:ars  of  Yankee  Tars^ 
Are  glorious  themes  for  drinking. 


A  PARODY  ON  AVALTER  SCOTt 

BY 1    WONl)KR   WHO? 

On  quarter-deck  lord  Dacres  stood. 
And  saw  the  Constitution  good; 
Then  boldly  called  to  men  below, 
"To  quarters!  here's  the  Yankee  foe." 
Through  all  the  ship  was  heard  the  tone. 
Of  whistle  shrill  by  boatswain  blown. 
The  Yankee  colors  he  could  ken, 
And  see  the  backnuoDd  Irishmen^ 
And  banners  too  with  siripes  and  stars, 

At  the  mast-heads  appear; 
While  g'listening  through  the  ropes  and  spiu-js^ 

Shine  many  pike  and  spear. 
To  back  and  gUard  the  gunners  band, 
Lord  Dacres'  sailors  were  at  hand, 
A  hardy  race  in  Albion  bred. 
With  jackets  blue  and  nightcaps  red, 
Arrayed  beneath  the  banner  tall, 
Tiiat  streamed  triumphant  o'er  tlie  Gaul{ 
Marines  too  shouting  in  disorder. 
Cried,   "noble   lord  Dacres  !  you'll  see  ho\r  wc*|l. 

board  her." 
Now  every  English  eye  intent, 
On  Yankee  stars  and  stripes  was  bent; 
So  near  they  were  that  each  might  kno-,r, 
A  pistol  bail  could  through  him  go. 
"Come  on  my  boys,"  fierce  Dacres  cried, 
"For  soon  this  flag,   Rrituunla's  pride. 
That  swept  the  Dutchmen  from  the  sea, 
And  made  the  Gallic  squadrons  flee. 
From  that  ship's  tallest  mast  display'd. 
Shall  show  that  ours  she's  fairly  made. 
Level  your  cannon  in  a  row, 
A  little  higher — there — so,  so; 
Up  boarders  on  the  deck  and  crv> 
Dacres  for  England!  win  or  di.!" 
Ill  wou'd  it  suit  an  English  ear, 
Of  such  a  fight  as  this  to  hear; 
For  desperate  was  the  fight  and  long^> 
And  either  vessel  stout  and  strong; 
But  now  'tis  d(me,  that  fatal  blow 
H.is  laid  the  gallant  Guerriere  low; 
She  tries  to  right;  tis  all  in  vain, 
Guerriere  will  never  fight  again; 
The  lee  gun's  fireil,  tl.e  b  ttie's  o'er, 
Tiie  Guerriere  sinks  t«  ri«e  no  more. 


QQ        SUPPLEMENT  TO  KILE3'  RLGISTER-KATIONAL  POETRY. 


From  the  Fort  Folio. 
THE  OCEAN  PILGRIM. 

A  MOKAL  rOEM. JJT  MK-  BAVIS. 

Il!j  ro'nir  et  xs  triplex 
VAvcii  pectus,  erat. 
'rhomas  KiMg',  a  young  American  snilor,  confined 
on  board  tlie  Ruby,  ^•"^^'■Jsliip,  at  Bermuda,  observed 
one  cvciing-  a  bo:it  alor,g:sidc  with  lier  sails  standing, 
vva'.ch  tlie  lieuteniuus  lutd  neglected  to  l«>r;t  m.— 
A  -quail  aiOiC,  and  in  tlie  darkness  of  the  gust,  he 
committed  himself  in  her,  to  the  mercy  of  thewmd 
and  waves,  with  no  other  provision  than  some  bis- 
cuits and  water.  He  was  alone  nine  days  on  tlie 
awful  expanse  of  water  in  this  open  boat;  on  the 
tenth  he  made  the  Vii'gi.iia  shore  and  landed  at 
Cape  Henry. 

Sirong  is  ilie  love  of  native  home, 
Tiicre  vivid  fancv  c.sts  her  eyc; 

WhctI.er  on  eartli,  or  sea  we  roam. 
Our  natiNe  land  demands  the  sigh. 
So,  I,  Columbia's  trtie  born  son, 
In  (loaiing  dungeon  long  corifin'd. 

Could  iie'er  by  smiles  nor  bribes  be  won, 
To  abjiu-e  the  land  I  left  behind. 

Bermuda's  isle  had  long  beheld. 
In  i-n-isou-slup,  my  cheerless  fare, 

l''iom  home  and  voice  of  friends  withheld, 
A  mournful  victim  to  despair. 

At  length,  one  niglit,  a  boat  astern, 
With  snowy  sails  allured  my  gaze; 

A  sq^uall  arose — and,  now,  1  burn. 
To  leave  my  jailors  in  the  haze. 

Some  bread  and  water  all  my  store, 
A  compass  sav'd  iii  vent'rous  mood;. 

And  now  alone,  I  traverse  o'er. 
In  open  boat,  great  Neptune's  flood. 

'Twas  Saljbath,  wiien  my  frail  bark  roU'd, 
At  mercy  of  the  billowy  steep; 

But  though  no  bell  to  Vespers  tolled, 
I  found  a  temple  on  the  deep. 

I  earnest  pray'd,  that  He,  whose  storms. 
In  terror  shake  the  sea  and  sky. 

Would  take  my  spirit  in  his  arms, 
And  watcli  me  with  a  parent's  eye. 

The  fiiir  moon  lent  the  sea  her  light, 
licr  bei--ms  upon  the  surface  curl'd, 

And  uolp!  ills  sported,  pas.-,ing  bright, 
Aroiir.d  my  liltle  woollen  world. 

Wiien,  sudden,  from  a  silver  cloud, 
Advar.c'd  nweet  Hope,  a  vision  bright ! 

V/ith  melting  voice,  she  call'd  aloud. 
And  charm'd.  tlie  silence  of  the  night. 

"Sea-pilgriiTi  hail !  old  Ocean  kind, 
"Shall  h.omcv/ard  bear  his  sailor  boy, 

"And  soon  a  mother's  arms  shall  wind  ■ 
"Aroimd  thy  neck  with  speechless  joy. 

"T!.y  sisters  dear,  shall  sobbing  dwell 
"About  thy  form,  with  gushing  cyc; 

"And  she,  wiiose  vestal  tumults  swell, 
"Shall  at  thy  presence  cease. to  sigh." 

.Nine  days  had  pass'd — the  tenth  I  knew 
Bv  signs,  tha?  land  was  not  remote; 

The  sea  had  lose  its  sable  hue, 
And  swallows  liover'd  roimd  my  boat. 

'T  vas  so — for,  soon,  in  angel  shape 
I'prose  to  view,  Virginia's  shore! 

I  land  on  Henry's  welcome  Cape, 
1  kneel,  and  humbly  God  adorel 


THE  riilGATE  CONSTITUTION, 

A  STiW  SONK. 

Written  In]  Francis  Arden,  esq.  and  sung  before  thr 
honorable  the  corporaiion  of  JS'e^v-York,  on  the  Atk 
Ji;hj,  1815.  Tune— MAUGY  laudek. 

Aiuio  of  Greece,  that  brought  the  fleece. 

To  Athens'  famous  city. 
As  we  are  told,  by  bards  of  old. 

Was  sung  in  many  a  ditty; 
But  Yankees  claim  a  prouder  name 

To  spur  their  resolution. 
Than  Greece  could  boast  and  do  her  most, 

— The  Frigate  Coristitutlon. 

When  first  she  press'd,  the  stream's  cool  breast, 

Hope  hailed  her,  pride  of  story; 
And  she  o'er  pays  liopc's  flatt'ring  praise, 

15y  matchless  deeds  of  glory; 
or  all  that  roam,  the  salt  sea's  foam. 

None  floats  to  Neptune  dearer. 
Or  fairer  shines  in  fame's  bright  lines. 

Or  more  makes  Britain  fear  her. 

'Neath  Hull's  command,  with  a  tough  band. 

And  nought  beside  to  back  her. 
Upon  a  day,  so  log-books  say, 

A  fleet  bore  down  to  thwack  her  ; 
A  fleet,  you  know,  is  odds  or  so; 

Against  a  single  ship,  sirs; 
So  'cross  the  tide,  her  legs  she  tried, 

Xi\d  gave  tlie  rogues  the  slip,  sirs. 

But  time  flies  roimd,  and  soon  she  found. 

While  ploughing  ocean's  acres. 
An  even  chance  to  join  tlie  ddnce. 

And  turn  keel  up,  poor  Dacres; 
Dacres,  'tis  clear  despises  fear, 

Quite  full  of  fun  and  prank  is. 
Hoists  his  ship's  name,  in  playful  game. 

Aloft,  to  scare  the  Yankees. 

On  Brazil's  coast,  slie  rul'd  the  roast. 

When  Bainbridg.e  was  her  captain; 
Neat  hamuiockb  gave,  made  of  the  wave, 

Dead  Briton's  to  be  wrapp'd  in; 
For  there,  in  ire  midst  smoke  and  fire, 

Her  boys  th.e  Java  met,  sirs. 
And  in  the  fray,  New-Eivgland  play 

Tipp'd  Bull,  a  .sommemett,  sirs: 

Next  on  her  deck,  at  fortune's  beck. 

The  dauntless  Stewart  landed; 
A  better  tar  ne'er  shone  in  war. 

Or  daring  souls  commanded: 
Old  ironsides,  once  more  now  rides. 

In  search  of  English  cruizers; 
And  Neptune  grins,  to  see  her  twins. 

Got  in  an  hour  or  two,  sirs. 

Then  raise  amain,  the  joyful  strain. 

For  well  she  has  deserv'd  it. 
Who  brought  the  foe  so  often  low, 

Clieer'd  freedom's  lieart,  and  nerv'd  it; 
Long  may  she  ride,  our  navy's  pride. 

And  spur  to  resolution; 
And  seamen  boast,  and  landsmen  toast, 

THE  FRIGATE  CONSTITUTION. 


On  a  succession  of  our  JVavat  Victoriet. 

BY  WILLIAM  HAT. 

Again  the  voice  of  Vic'try  cheers 

The  nation  with  its  sound! 
Death-struck  the  British.host  appears. 
Whose  flag  has  Wav'd  "a  thousand  years," 

And  never  w,  equal  found. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY.        9] 


J\i'ephine,  astonish'd  at  the  sitylit, 

Now  looming-  fi'om  the  main, 
Beholds  tlie  eq'.Kil  balanc'd  fia^ht, 
And  sees  the  Britisli  put  to  flight, 

Ag-ain!  ag-ain!  ag-ain! 

Convulsive  throup^h  the  blood-mixt  wave. 

He  writlies  hij  monster-form; 
His  voice  to  ocean's  deepest  cave, 
Where  sleep  tlie  bodies  of  the  brave,. 

Come  thund'ring-  like  a  storm! 

Convene,  convene,  ve  ocean  pow'rs! 

And  let  us  trace  the  cause 
"Why  Fortune  on  Britannia  low'rs. 
And  why  upon  Columbia  show'rs 

Such  triumph  and  applause! 

But  ere  tlie  councils  of  tlie  kinj^ 

Had  soh'^d  their  deep  surprize, 
Ere  loud  iuizz;.s  had  ceas'd  to  ring-, 
A  blood-stained  form,  on  lig-htning-  wing, 
Come  dartinof  from  the  skies. 

'Twas  Mara,  the  potent  god  of  war, 

Commission'd  from  above 
To  bear  th.e  mandate  wide  and  far 
As  ev'iiing-  from  the  morning  Star, 

Of  great  almig-bty  Jove. 

"Too  long'  has  proud  Britannia  reign'd 

The  tyrant  of  the  seas. 
With  guiltless  blood  her  banners  stain'd. 
Ten  tliousand  by  Impressment  chain'd, 

Whom  God  created  free. 

"Injustice,  violence,  and  blood 

Hath  mark'd  her  naval  sway; 
Her  perpetrations  on  the  flood, 
AbJior'd  by  all  tlie  great  and  good. 

Heaven's  vengeance  will  repay. 

"Tlien  take  your  Trident  from  her  hand," 

(Mars  tlms  to  Neptune  spoke) 
•'Tis  Heav'n's — tis  Jove^s  supreme  command. 
The  God  of  ocean  and  the  land, 

Wliich  fate  can  ne'er  revoke. 

"Coiumbia  with  that  sceptre  rest. 

In  whom  the  god's  confide. 
For  she,  great  empress  of  the  west. 
By  all  the  nations  "'tis  confess'd, 

Ilath  Justice  on  her  side." 


FREEDOM,  HOME  AND  BEAUTY. 

A   NEW   PATnrOTIC   SONG, 

.^s  siaiff  at  the  Baltimore  Theatre  with  great  applause. 
Iligli  o'er  PiTAPsco's  tide 
Swell'd  Albion's  naval  pride. 

Advancing  on  the  gale: 
As  fierce  th'  embodied  train 
Form'd  on  tlie  embattl'd  plain — 

Yet  not  a  cheek  was  pale — 
Our  Yeomen  mark'd  tlieir  strong  array. 
Saw  proud  the  Lion's  streamers  play. 

And  thought  of  Home  and  Beauty,  , 
While  many  maidens'  anxious  sighs. 
And  man}'  mothers'  prayers  arise 

Tiiat  eacli  may  do  his  duty. 

And  now  the  marshal'd  tr.^in 
Hush  o'er  the  eml)attrd  plain. 

Amid  the  cannon's  roar; 
The  hostile  fronts  rebound. 
And  many  strew'd  the  ground 

F.rc  battle's  rage  M-as  o'er.  ■ 


Ah!  many  a  gallant  sou'  rxpir'd' 
Too  well  with  patriotic  feeling  fir'd 

For  Freedom,  llnm-'  fivrl  Kenutv; 
Yet  who  for  country  fin-liling,  dies. 
Ever  with  the  blest  must  rise. 

For  he  hath  done  i;js  duty. 

Peace  to  the  patriot  dead, 
Entomb'd  in  Jionnr's  bed, 

In  glorious  contest  slain; 
The  land  that  gave  such  birth 
Well  mourns  their  parted  worth, 

And  mourns  them  not  in  vain: 
For  ne'er  shall  Freedom's  hallow'd  name, 
Die,  while  t'lere  lives  but  yet  ilie  name 

Of  Cotintry,  Thine  avd  BeaTttij; 
And  wlu)  fir  these  are  figliting  slain, 
In  tlie  next  world  shall  meet  again; 

For  tlicy  have  , done  t'leir  duty. 

Nor  yet  the  struggle's  oe'r 
That  fiercer  tlum  before 

The  midnipfht's  gloom  assail; 
Sucli  de.soh.iiiig  shocks, 
As  when  the  mountam's  rocks 

Are  tumbling  (o  the  vale 
The  shores  re  ccho'd  with  tlic  blast. 
Firm  stood  each  f,-ceman  to  tiie  last 

For  Freedom,  Ihme  uvd  Eccjiti;; 
'Till  dimmer  flash  and  f.inter  roar, 
Mark'd  th'  invader  'd  qui'  t'lat  siiore 

Where  each  had  done  lii>;  duty. 


From  the  Saratoga  Journal. 
A  PATRWTW  HGJ.^G. 

Tun; — uu'-ous  or  Rii!" 

Sound,  loiind  tlie  harsU  Bug];',  arouse  fro  n  yaiir  siumbers; 

Awake  the  shrill  tilV,  and  the  h)iMl  thiinil'ri.ie:  ihunr, 
Columbians,  thu'  Briloiis  assail  witljout  nil  iibi  rs, 

Rtmeniher  yonr  sires  who  rt  pos^  in  tli''  tomb. 
When  tyrants  invaded,  ileniandiug  snhinis-.ion, 

Indignant  they  rose,  rcsolv'd  to  be  free; 
Uniting,  tiiey  bravely  repell'd  the  aggression, 

And  piously  planted  (air  Lioerty's  tree. 

While  from  the  tall  cliPt  the  swift  Eagle  flies  scfamiiig, 

With  pinions  high  pniiite.i,  to  pounce  on  her  prey, 
Shall  freemen  be  sleeiiing,  ol   peace  vainly  dreaming, 

'Til  rous'd  by  their  foes,  at  llieir  doors,  in  array? 
Shall  Britain,  grown  strong  by  intrigue  and  seduction, 

The  sons  of  ('olum')ia  atfilght  or  dismay? 
Oh,  no-tho'  they  raise  the  fell  ax-  of  desiruetion. 

We'll  rise  and  defend  our  fani'd  Liberty  tree. 

See  Europe's  proud  kings  arc  enleaguing  twgether; 

Their  object  avowing  to  aid  Freedom's  eause; 
One  tyrant  deposing— exalting  another, 

To  show  their  aft'  ction  for  justice  and  laws. 
Their  iniiyon*  eonibiiiing,  to  aid  social  order  — 

Which  iiieans  ancient  rev'rence  for  ('rownsto  restore; 
Their  rriandat.  s  enforcing  by  rapine  and  murder, 

While  weak  states  are  sinking  to  rise  never  more. 

The  wnr  dogs  of  Europe  awliile  cease  ei)ga!:;ing; 

Their  monarchs  sit  calmly  dividing  lli  ir  prize; 
While  bloody  Brllona,  our  (bes  more  enraginir. 

Scowls  grim  on  Columbia  with  (ierce  sanguine  eyef. 
See  Britain  preparing  h.r  engines  of  thunder. 

Our  free  tnfani  nation  to  crush  wiih  hi-r  might; 
In  vengeance  she  threatens  witli  burning  and  plunder— 

The  wrong  she  results  is  defending  okir  right. 

Shall  city  and  village  in  rnins  lie  smoking, 

Our  foe  on  their  liooty  sit  feasting  their  eyes; 
Oin-  fi   Ids  with  tin-  blond  of  o'  ■   dti/.r-ns  soaking. 

While  mothers  and  ii.fjiits  sbre.k  wil'i  in  siir,irisc; 
Columbia's  fair  daughti  is  by  ruftians  surronndid. 

Fall  victiii.s  to  lust,  as  surrendering  th  ir  11'    s? 
Sliall  husHands  co.ifin'd— iiy  arm'd  villains  contuiinded. 

Bear  witness  to  insults  and  wrongs  of  their  wives? 

Oh!  no— 1<  t  us  swear  by  the  swortl  and  lb.'  altai-, 

To  join  the  tierce  E  iE:le,  and  make  a  bold  stand; 
No  mean  party  iliseord  our  pnrp  se  shall  all  r. 

While  rude  hostile  feet  sh  .11  pellnte  our  Hear  land, 
Led  on  to  the  charge,  to  all  f;tr  w>'ll  be  Strang  is; 

Determiu'il  to  co  iqner,  to  die  <ir  live  free. 
And  patiently  bear  war's  privations  and  dangers. 

To  save  from  destruction  fair  Liberty's  tree. 


92 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  FILES'  REGISTER- NATIONAL  POETH\. 


Onr  soil  seems  the  last  where  blest  Five<!nm  shall  flourish, 

Tlu  tr  e  ol'  tolii  11  ;ia  now  osijy  remains: 
Till'  t)raiits  may  plant  wliil.-  attitting  lo  cticrish, 

Kxptrie.ice  tvincrs,  'twill  famish  in  cimiris, 
ArdiisL-  from  your  9lii.nb<;rs  on  this  clreuil  oceasioii, 

y<'  iitn%  of  the  hrsvc-,  hence  r.solv    ti>  aijre-', 
Ai.d  fir  J  or)  your  swrls  i.i  deffUCe  of  the  nation, 

To  save  tiie  sweet  fruit  of  fair  Lihert)'s  tree. 

CoiilJ  Warren,  JIontp:on»ery.  Gr;:ci«e,  Putnam  and  others, 

Pn-c-dtd  liy  WASHINGTON— wakf  and  aris   : 
Those  htrots  and  sags,  now  sL-.-pinn  like  luulhfrs; 
Wh^n  think  ye  Colunibiaus,  that  ail  would  advise? 
t.Vould  paliiitss  aii'l  tenor  bechiud  raeh  stt  ni  f.jature? 

K'l  r  hint  of  siilinussion  and  dll  ysu  nudone  ? 
I>ii !  No.  thi  y'd  all  urge  you  to  bnttU-  and  slaughter, 
'  To  hvavely  detend  the  rich  boon  t!ny  had  w m. 

THE  WESTERN  BARD. 


FltOM  THE    ENtlCTRKH. 

TO  COMMODORE  JOHN  RODGERS. 

Wuile  Glory  throws  o'er  Teny's  name 

A  ray  of  ever-living-  light; 
And  g-ailtiut  Ctiauncey's  temples,  Fame 

liiv-^olves  i;i  wreaths  of  laurel  brij^ht; 
■^'.•lile  tears  o'er  Burrows — Allen,  flow; 

And  si.q.-lis  for  Sigourney  obtain;  fuj 
Wiiile  all  is  joy,  and  all  is  woe. 

For  battle  won  and  liero  slain — 

Tlie  mnse,  at  stich  a  time,  to  yon 

Her  sung-  of  fond  acclaim  would  raise, 
Tlio'  cros't  by  frowning-  Fortune,  who 

TriumpTiant  yet  shall  gild  lier  lays! 
Tjio'  gloomy  clouds,  and  vapors  drear 

Obscure  awiiile  t]\e  orb  of  da\ , 
Yet  glorious  shall  that  orb  appear 

V/itli  wonted  light,  and  gladdening  ray! 

And  t!io'  in  vain  the  course  you  urge. 

For  F,qual  Foe,  in  grade  and  might. 
To  utmost  Europe's  froiscu  verge, 

V/iiere  all  is  day,  or  all  is  night; 
Yet  thou,  brave  man,  in  happier  hour, 

\s  smiling  fortune  ciicers  the  main, 
Wi'b  equal  Foe,  in  grade  and  power. 

Shall  battle  find,  and  glory  gain! 

Since  first  cornmenc'd  tliy  bright  career,^6j 
'Till  now — \vhat  splendors  rise  between? 

The  noblest  specidation,  ne'er 

Had  formed  so  trr^md — sublime  a  scene! 


faj  This  was  a  most  arai..ble,  as  weil  as  a  gal- 
lant voung  officer,  who  gloriously  lost  his  life,  in 
defence  of  Ids  vessel  on-  tlie  Votom :;c,  July  15th. 
Aithoug-h  down,  and  mortally  woanded,  he  was 
heard  repeatedly  from  the  shore  encouraging  his 
inen,  until  a  subsequent  fire  from  the  -enemy  termi- 
pai-ed  his  existence!      ■    '         > 

I  v.ould  say  a  few  words  more  relative  to  this  un- 
happy rencontre.  A  vei-y  yoimg  officer  with  tlie 
men — theb  commander  slain,  and  overpowered  by 
^lumbers,  abandoned  the  vessel,  and  svvam  ashore. 
The  enemy  took  possession,  and  retiring,  left  her  in 
flames.  Two  men,  John  T.  Courtney  and  S.imuel 
Jiarnson,  of  the  coim*y  of  Westmoreland — notwith- 
»ilanding  they-  were  fully  appiised  of  the  danger — 
notwithstanding  that  tiie  spectators  were  flying  in 
every  direcuoii  from  the  expected  explosion,  gal- 
Jantiy,  in  th*--  canoe,  paddled  on  boa"d;  and  although 
the  l3;:d  lining  the  bulk-head  which  separated  the 
cabin  fi-oi.i  the  mag'a2ine,was  actuallj'  melting  awav 
persisted  ii!  their  eff'oMs,  and  saved  the  vass/'l.'  Tnev 
ai-e  both  poor,  and  a  trifling  compensation  from  g-o- 
vprr.ment  would  be  deservedly  bestowed,  and  thank- 
iVdiy  received. 

'  (  bj  Every  one  knows  it  was  the  brave  Rodgers 
who  first  bade  the  R  itu:h  feel  the  stre-igih  of 
«'ankee  ajm  aad  yankee  powder— iiiiic  iUx  lachrymae . 


Since  then,  how  oft  hath  Albion  'vvail!d 
The  force  of  young  Alcides,  who 

The  Hydra  of  the  deeps  assail'd,  (^c^ 
And  cleft  the  Monster-Fiend  in  two!- 

'Till  nattire,  sick'ning,  sinks  in'years. 

And  Virtue,  Time  and  Space  decay; 
Til  Sims  and  Planets  leave  their  spherei;_, 

And  "Earth  and  Ocean  melt  away — 
'Til  then  thy  Life  shall  live  vrith  Fame 

On  scidptur'd  dome,  and  gilded  page; 
'Til  then  thy  deeds  shall  time  proclaim 

From  zone  to  zone,  and  age  to  agej 

Some  future  Homer  here  shall  sing : 

Some  B  u'd  of  more  than  mortal  fire. 
With  .Muse  of  brightest,  boldest  wing' 

To  sweep  with  living  lay  the  lyre; 
And  who,  tho'  ages  sunk  in  time. 

And  sunk  the  suns  that  gild  the  west! 
Thy  deeds  to  raptui-'d  worlds  shall  hymni 

And  be  by  raptm-'d  vi'orlds  confess'i! 

SEDLEy. 


Frnm  the  A''ijrth  American  Revieiu. 
"THE  SINE  QUA  \0X."      ' 
When  Adam  was  stationed  in  Eden's  f:,ir  bower. 
The  lord  of  the  beast,  the  bird  and  the  flower. 
He  exclain.rd  tlio'  creation  my  sceptre  may  own, 
To  happiness  still  there's  a  nine  qua  iion. 

Sine  qua  non,  suie  qua  noH^ 
To  happiness  still  there's  a  sine  qtia  non. 

Then  Deity  pitied  the  creature  he  made. 
And  sent  in  com]jassion  a  help-mate  and  aid; 
From  Adam,  wiiile  sleeping,  he  pluck'd  out  a  bone. 
And  formed  of  the  rib  the  sweet  sin/;  qua  non. 

Sine  qua  non,  &c. 

Oh!  then,  laugh'd  the  landscape  and  garden  around. 
And  man,  blest  with  beauty,  true  happiness  found. 
What  our  ancestor  did  all  his  children  have  done. 
And  -momaii  is  still  the  sweet  sins  quarion, 

Shie  qua  non,  Stc. 

The  parson  will  hammer  and  stammer  all  day. 
That  life's  joys  are  fleeting,  and  man  is  but  clay; 
S'.ill,  though  not  recorded  in  M:uk,  Luke  nor  Jolm^ 
He  sticks  to  the  text  of  the  sine  qua  non, 

Sine  qua  non,  &q. 

The  Lawyer  v/'.io  labors  and  sweats  in  his  cause. 
And  puzzles  his  brain  in  expounding  tlie  laws. 
Quits  the  forum  wivji  jo}',  and,  without  pro  or  cou. 
Finds  a  precedent  pat  in  the  sine  qua  non, 

Sine  qua  r.on,  &c . 

Oh!  tell  us,  ye  heirs  of  Hyppocrates' skill. 
Ye  men  of  the  mortar,  the  pestle  and  pill. 
What  drop  can  encrimson  tlie  cheek  pale  and  was. 
Like  tiie  dew  from  the  lips  of  the  sine  qua  non. 

Sine  qua  non,  &c;, 

The  poet  may  sing  of  the  charms  of  the  lyre. 
Of  Helicon's  foiint  and  Promethean  fire. 
Though  his  music  sin-passes  the  Mantuan  swan. 
Yet  what  is  it  all  to  the  sine  qua  non? 

Sine  qua  non,  &c. 
Tlien  fill  up  abumber — let's  drink  to  the  smile, 
'Fnat  sorrow,  misfortitne,  and  care  can  beguile: 
In  life's  chequered  path  may  we  gaily  move  on. 
Ever  cheer'd  by  the  love  oi  Xht  sine  qua  non. 

Sine  qua  non,  &c. 
A  Secretary  of  the  Embassy. 


fcj  I  mean  British  "mcritime  superioi^ity" — the 
scourge  "f  the  world — All  the  monsters  of  the  an- 
cients— (iorgons.  Centaurs,  Hydras,  Sphinxes,  ^C\ 
&c.  put  together,  wei-e  never  "half  so  t€rrible; 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILKS'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY,        C^^ 


o, 

y 


WniTTEN  SOON  AFTEB  THE   BATTLE  OF  ERIE. 

Tune — Irish  Harp. 
H:iil  to  the  chief,  now  in  g-lorv  advancing', 
Who  conquer'd  the  B-i'ons'on  Erie's  broad  wave: 

Who  plav'd  Yankee  Doodle  to  set  them  a  dancing, 
Then  tript'up  their  lieels  for  a  wat'ry  grave; 
JMay  heaven  its  fivors  shed 
On  his  victorious  head — 
Bold  may  lie  battle  and  conquer  the  foe : 
While  the  loud  cannon's  roar 
Echoes  fi'om  shore  to  shore, 
Strike  for  Columbia — strike!  lay  the  proud  low ! 

Ours!  ours  "is  the  country  where  freemen  are  dwel- 
ling, 
J^^■o  tyrant  nor  lordling  disturbs  here  onr  ease  ; 
Oiu-  hearts — freemen's  hearts,  proud  with  liberty 
swelling. 
Disdain  thecold  tyrant  that  preys  on  the  seas. 
Once — though  weak  in  war, 
With  many  a  wound  and  scar 
Bruis'd  we  tlie  Bull  till  he  -in  off  with  fear; 
Yes!  soon  tlie  time  wi  '  come. 
When  e'en  the  Y.uikcc  drum, 
.Sounding  like  death-bell,  each  Briton  will  scare. 

Then  fight,  heroes  figiit!  for  tlie  laurel  of  glory; 
While  England  insults  us  with  proud hauglity  scorn; 

So  long  may  you  fiirht  to  ennoble  the  story; 
Of  our  freemen  triumphant  o'er  Britons  forlorn. 
"While  thus  ye  glory  gain, 
O'er  all  the  wat'ry  main, 
i'ankees  shall  sing  the  exploits  of  the  bravc; 
And  all  Columbia's  boys 
Exult  with  patriot  joys, 
O'er  our  heroes  that  fight  on  the  wave. 


[The  following  is  one  of  t!ie  successful  prize  poems 
for  which  the  editors  of  the  Port  Folio  gave  a 
premium  of  one  hundred  dollars.  It  was  written 
by  James  C.  Holland,  of  Cliarleston,  Soutii 
Carolina.] 
When  Freedom  first  the  triumph  sung, 

That  crush'd  the  pomp  of  Freedom's  foes. 
The  hai'ps  of  Heaven  responsive  rung, 
'  And  thus  the  choral  number  rose : 

Rise  Cokunbiu!  brave  and  free! 

Tliy  tlumders  when  in  battle  hurl'd, 
Shall  rule  tlie  billows  of  the  sea, 
And  bid  defiance  to  the  woadd. 

Supremely  blest  by  fate's  decree. 
Thy  hardy  tars  in  battle  brave, 
cJh.dl  plume  thy  wings  and  keep  them  free^ 
'    As  ill  the  motion  of  thy  wave  : 
Rise  Columbia,  &c. 


Tlie  stars  that  in  thy  banner  shine. 
Shall  rain  tlestruction  on  thy  foes. 

Yet  light  tlie  brave  of  ev'ry  clime. 
To  kindred,  friendship  and  repose.: 
Rise  Columbia,  &c. 


The  storms  that  on  thy  surges  rock. 
Around  tiiy  flag  shall  idly  sweep, 

Proof  to  the  tempest's  fiercest  shuck. 
Its  stripes  shall  awe  the  vassal  deep: 
Rise  Columbia,  &c. 

Encircled  witji  a  flood  of  light. 
Thy  eagle  shall  supremely  rise. 

Lead  thee  to  victory  in  figlit, 
And  bear  thy  glory  to  the  skies: 
Bis?  Columbiaj  Sic. 


THE  BATTLE  OF  NLiCARA. 

FROM  THE  TOUT  FOLIO. 
In  imitation  uf  Campbell's  Hubeiilindui. 

O'er  Huron's  wave  the  sun  was  low. 

The  weui-y  soldier  watcii'd  tlie  bow. 
Fast  fading  from  the  cloud  below. 

The  dashing  of  NiagarUj 

And  while  the  phantom  chain'd  his  sight. 
Ah!  little  thought  he  of  the  figlit — 
The  horrors  of  the  dreamless  nigjit 

That  posted  on  so  rapidly. 

Soon,  soon,  as  fled  each  softer  c!iarm. 
The  drum  and  trumpet  sound  alarm. 
And  bid  each  warrior  nerve  Ids  arm 

For  boldest  deeds  of  chlvalrv, 

The  bi'rning  red  cross  waving  high. 
Like  meteor  in  tlie  evening  sky. 
Proclaims  the  hauglity  focnian  nigh, 

To  try  the  strife  of  rivalry. 

Columbia's  banner  floats  as  proud, 
Her  gallant  band  around  it  crowd, 
And  swear  to  guard  or  make  their  shroud, 
The  starry  flag  of  liberty. 

"H;iste,  haste  thee,  Scott,  to  meet  the  foe. 

And  let  the  scornful  Briton  knou-. 

Well  strung  the  arm,  and  firm  tlie  blow, 

Ofliim  wiio  strikes  for  liberty." 

Loud,  loud  the  din  of  battle  rings. 
Shrill  througli  the  ranks  the  bullet  sings. 
And  onwards,  fierce,  each  focman  spriiigs, 

To  meet  his  peer  in  gallantry. 

Behind  the  hills  descends  the  sun, 

Tiie  work  of  death  is  but  begtm. 

And  red,  through  twiligiit's  shadows  dun. 

Blazes  the  voliied  musketry. 

"Charge,  Miller,  charge  the  foe  once  more" — 
And  louder  than  Niag'ra's  roar. 
Along  the  line  is  heai'd  encore, 

"On,  on  to  deatli  or  victory.'* 

From  Ihie  to  line  witli  lucid  glow. 
High  arciiing  slioots  tiie  rocket's  bow. 
And  lights  the  mingled  scene  below. 

Of  carnage,  death  and  misery. 

The  middle  watch  has  now  begun. 
The  Jiurrid  b:i.ltle  fra}^  is  done. 
Nor  longer  beats  tlie  furious  drum. 

To  dcalii,  to  death  or  victory. 

All,  all  is  still — with  silent  Ire.id, 
The  watciiman  steals  among  tlie  dead. 
To  guard  his  comrade's  Ion  iy  liead. 

Till  monuiig  gave  him  sepulture. 

Now  in  the  west,  of  splendor  sliorn, 
I'lic  midnight  moon,  with  bloody  horn. 
Sheds  her  last  beam  on  him  forjoin. 

Who  fell  in  figlit  so  gloriously. 

Oh!  long  her  crescent  wax  and  wane, 

Piie  she  beliold  such  fray  agaiii, 

Such  dismal  night,  such  heaps  of  slain. 

Foe  miit  with  foe  pi-omiscuousl}  * 


9i 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY. 


From  the  JVew-Orleans  Gazotte. 


With  great  pleasure  we  lay  before  our  readers  the 
following' patriotic  song.  It  describes  the  operations 
of  the  late  campaign  with  perfect  truth,  great  hu- 
mor, and  no  little  poetry. 

THE  RETREAT  OF  THE  ENGLISH. 

A  YANKEE  SONG. 

("Tune — J\ta7icy  Daivson.J 

The  Eiigli.ih  mustered  mighty  strong, 
And  bro't  their  choicest  troops  along, 
And  thought  it  but  a  little  song, 
To  take  our  town  of  Orleans. 

From  tlie  PZ^woi^M  and  the  Chrsapedke, 
From  PovtsmoiUh  too,  and  Cork  so  sleek. 
All  came  to  take  a  Christmas  freak,    - 
In  our  gay  town  of  Orleans. 

See  Cochrane,  who  is  stiled  Sir  Knight, 
With  Gordon  too,  tliat naval  wight. 
And  Packenham,  all  full  of  fight. 
To  have  a  dash  at  Orleans. 

With  Gibbi  and  Keaiie,  and  Lambert  too. 
And  others,  wlio  kept  out  of  view. 
Making,  in  all,  a  pretty  crew, 
To  take  our  town  of  Or!c.\r.s. 

i  To  He  an  Cluit  their  fleet  first  stecr'd, 

AVherenear  a  hundred  sail  appear'd; 
And,  from  their  numbers,  many  fear'd 
Th'  impending  fate  of  Orleans. 

The}'  entered  Jlayou  Bicnvemie, 
Where  there  v.'ere  traitors*  not  a  few. 
To  help  tliem  on  and  bring  them  thro' 
To  this  our  town  of  Orleans. 

They  to  the  Levee  quickly  come. 
And  made,  as  tho'  they  were  at  home — 
Indeed,  they  were  but  eight  niiles  from 
Tlie  very  town  of  Orleans. 

The  news  at  last  to  Jacxsox  came; 
His  mighty  soul  was  in  a  flame; 
lie  swore  an  oatii,I  dare  not  name. 
He'd  save  the  town  of  Orleans. 

The  town  was  in  a  mighty  rout; 
He  ordered  all  the  forces  out; 
His  troops  so  steady  and  so  stout. 
To  fight  and  bleed  for  Orleans. 

Away  went  Jackson  at  their  head. 
And  many  gallant  man  he  led; 
All  swore  they'd  fight  till  they  were  dead. 
To  save  the  town  of  Orleans. 

The  Engiiih  camp  he's  soon  among, 
And  found  tliem  near  five  thousand  strong. 
From  swamp  to  .river  stretch'd  along 
Against  the  town  of  Orleans. 

And  now  began  a  bloody  fight; 
The  English  heroes  tried  their  might, 
But  many  think,  the  coming  night. 
Did  save  these  foes  of  Orleans. 


*  Alluding  to  the  fishermen  wlio  piloted  in  the 
English  boats. 


Til  en  Jackson,  not  to  risk  the  town, 
Reined  for  a  while  his  spirit  down. 
And  trenches  dug,  and  raised  a  mound. 
To  save  the  town  of  Orleans. 

The  English  grown  twelve  thousand  strong 
Tiie  t-iventij-eighth  again  come  on, 
And  thouglit  our  lines  woxdd  soon  belong 
To  them,  as  well  as  Orleans. 

# 

Repuls'd: — on  JVtw- Fear's  next  they  came, 
]>ut  on  tluit  day  were  served  tlie  same. 
And  met  a  loss,  they  do  not  name. 
From  those  who  fought  for  Orleans. 

r.ut  'twas  the  eighth  they  tried  their  might. 
And  brought  their  army  all  insight, 
And  swore  our  men  woidd,  at  the  sight. 
All  fly  towards  New-Orleans. 

That  morning's  sun  did  rise  in  blood; 
For  all  our  men  riglit  valiant  stood, 
As  every  honest  Yankee  should. 
Against  the  foes  of  Orleans. 

Tlie  muskets  and  the  cannons  roar; 
Our  men  most  dreadful  voUies  pour, 
A  rolling  fire,  imknown  before. 
Upon  the  foes  of  Orleans. 

5'/?'  Ed-ward  led  the  eager  crew, 
And  pointing  to  the  town  in  view, 
Gave  tliem  the  sack  and  pillage  too. 
If  they  would  get  to  Orleans. 

But  see!  his  threatening  spirit's  fled; 

And  Gibbs  too  lies  among  the  dead, 

AVilh  m.any  more,  wlio  boasting  said. 

They'd  dine  that  day  at  Orleans. 

Such  carnage  ne'er  was  known  before; 
More  than  three  thousand  stain  our  shore. 
And  some  assert,  a  thousand  more. 
Of  tlie  proud  foes  of  Orleans. 

Soldiers!  you've  had  no  vulgar  game, 
IVellingtnn^s  troops  here  yield  their  fame; 
Invincibles  was  once  their  name, 
But  tins  they've  lost  near  Orleans. 

A  bloodless  vlct'ry,  on  our  side, 
May  well  increase  the  general's  pride; 
For,  see — the  field  is  only  dyed 
With  English  blood  near  Orleans. 

The  proud,  but  disappointed  foe. 
Is  now,  well  taught  our  worth  to  know. 
And  all  they  ask,  is  but  to  go 
P'ar — far  away,  trom  Orleans. 

See  how  these  heroes  scour  the  plain! 
Tiicir  boalD  can  scarce  their  haste  restrain. 
So  anxious  now  their  fleet  to  gain, 
And  get  away  from  Orleans. 

Aboard,  and  sick  of  Yankee  sport, 
I'hey're  dressing  up  a  long  report. 
To  suit  their  gracious  sovereign's  court, 
Of  their  great  feats  near  Orleans. 

Here'' s  to  the  v.ivAn\\\  a  brilliant  dayT 
'Tis  pride  to  have  been  in  that  affray, 
Whicli  drove  the  Englishmen  away, 
From  this  our  tov>  n  of  Orleans. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NATIONAL  POETRY. 


95 


Here's  to  the  ^a/Zani  geseral!  who 
H:is  saved  our  town  and  country  too; 
A  braver  man  the  world  ne'er  knew, 
Than  he  wlxo  fought  for  Orleans. 

Brave  sons  of  Tennessee!  a  toast! 
Of  you  your  country  well  may  boast. 
She  cannot  find  a  braver  Iiost 

'.Mong-  those  wlio  fought  for  Orleans. 


SIEGE  OF  PLATTSBURG. 

Sung^  at  the  Theatre,  in  Albany,  in  the  character  of  a 
Black  Sailor. 

Tune— "Boyn  Water." 

Back  side  Albany  stan'  lake  Champlain, 

One  little  pond,  haf  full  a'  water, 
Plat-te-bug  dare  too,  close  pon  de  main. 
Town  small — lie  grow  bigger  do  herearter. 

On  lake  Champlain, 

Uncle  Sam  set  he  boat. 
And  Massa  M'Donough,  he  sail  'em; 

While  Gen'ralM'Comb 

Make  Pla-te-bug  he  home, 
Wid  de  army,  who  courage  nebber  fail  'em. 

On  'lebenth  day  of  Sep-tem-ber, 

In  eighteen  hund'ed  an  fourteen, 
Gubbener  Probose,  an  lie  British  soger, 
Come  to  Plat-te-bug  a  tea  party  courtin; 

An  he  boat  come  too, 

Arter  Uncle  Sam  boat, 
Massa  'Donough  do  look  sliai-p  out  de  winder — 

Den  Gen'ral  M'Comb, 

(Ah!  he  always  a'  home.) 
Catch  fire  too,  jiss  like  a  tinder. 

Bang!  bang!  bang!  den  de  cannons  gin  t'  roar 

In  Piat-te-bug,  an'  all  'bout  dat  quarter; 
Gubbener  Probose  try  he  hand  'pon  de  shore. 
While  he  boat  take  he  luck  'pon  de  water — 

But  -Massa  M'Donough 

Knock  he  bout  in  de  head. 
Break  he  Iiart,  broke  he  shin,  'tore  he  caffin  in. 

An  Gen'ral  M'Comb 

Start  ole  Probose  home — 
Tot  me  soul  den,  I  mus  die  a  laffin. 

Pi'obose  scare  so,  he  lef  all  behine, 

Powder,  ball,cannon,  tea-pot  an  kittle — 
Some  say  he  cotcJi  a  cole — trouble  in  mine. 
Cause  he  eat  so  much  raw  an  cole  vittle — 

Uncle  Sam  berry  sorry. 

To  be  sure,  for  he  pain; 
Wish  he  nuss  heself  up  well  an  harty — 

For  Gen'ral  M'Comb 

An  Massa  'Donough  liome, 
W^hen  he  notion  for  a  nudder  tea  party. 

The  following,  a  la  mode  de  Pindar,  on  the  second 
sscAPE  of  the  Constitution  from  the  Britisn  squad- 
ron, is  from  the  Boston  Gazette;  and  is  a  very  happy 
imitation  of  Wolcott's  style  and  manner. 

KING  GEORGE  AND  "OLD  IRONSIDES." 

A  SQ.UIB BY  I'ETER  dUIXCE. 

The  king,  God  bless  him,  late,  at  early  morn, 
Restor'd  to  sense,  was  seen  to  tread  the  lawn. 

Eager  to  learn  the  Costitutiox's  fate! 
So  says  report— report  sometimes  will  lie: 
But  reader,  well  thou  know'st,  full  xuell  as  J,  . 

This  ship  has  troubled  much  his  royal  pate. 


When  boasted  Dacrf.s,  humbled  by  her  power. 
And  the  fam'd  Java  in  unlucky  hour, 

Receiv'd  her /ro-M),  and  shrunk  beneath  the  tide; 
Cssar  grew  pale  at  first,  then  rav'd,  and  swore 
Neptune  was  base,  and  Axphituite  -vas  more, 

Thus  on  the  Yankee  contests  to  decide. 

Still  "ironsides"  In  safety  rides  the  wave; 
The  king  resolves  his  sinking  fame  to  save; 

And  many  a  ship  is  sent  her  course  to  trace, 
Follow'd  by  squadrons  ioo,  the  sea  to  roam; 
(The  pondrons  weight  e'en  makes  old  ocean  groan,) 

To  give  the  single  Constitution  chase! 

The  fleet  returns — thus  George,  with  sparkling  eyes, 
"Iff II.'  hey!  -what  news?  -ivhat  neies?  hey.'  hey.'  he  cries — 

His  majesty  to  hear  v,-as  all  agog — 
When  Stuart* — Collier*-Kerr*-with  irimson'd  face. 
Thus  spake — "We  gave  the  Constitution  chase, 

And  ah!  great  sire,  we  lost  her  in  a  fog!" 

"Fog!  fog!  ivhat  fog!  hey,  Stuart,  what  fog!  say. 
So  then  the  foe  escap'd  yon,  Stuart,  hey?" 

"Yes  please  your  majesty,  and  hard  our  fate" — 
"But  why  not,  Stuart,  different  courses  steer?" 
Stuart  replied  (impute  it  not  to  fear,) 

We  thought  it  puudext  not  to  separate. 


From  the  Hudson  Bee. 

RULE  BRITANNIA, 

A  new  song  or  parody,  as  finally  amended  by  its  author. 

WHEN  Britain  from  the  boiling  main. 

Her  smould'ring  summits  heav'd  on  high. 
This  direful  presage  of  her  reign, 
Bellona  sounded  through  the  sky. 

Mule  Brita7inia,  Britannia  rule  the  waves, 
And  lash  thy  tributary  slaves. 

The  nations  not  so  blest  as  thee. 

Shall  see  their  commerce  rise  to  fall. 

For  thou  s'lalt  subjugate  the  sea,' 
And  grasp  the  treasure  of  them  all. 
liule,  &c. 

Still  more  majestic  shalt  thou  rise 

From  ceaseless  war's  unbounded  spoil. 

And  neutral  navies  for  thy  prize 
Inflate  thy  domineering  isle. 
Jiide,  &c. 

Enslav'd,  the  sons  of  friendly  pow'rs 
Shall  man  tliy  fleets  o'er  num'rous  seas, 

Their  wealth  shall  swelUthy  ravish'd  stores. 
Their  statutes  bow  to  tliy  decrees. 
Jtule,  &c. 

Each  realm  shall  writhe  beneath  thy  pow'r 

Far  as  thy  bloody  navies  roam. 
To  banish  peace  from  ev'ry  shore, 

And  rivet  tyranny  at  home. 


But 


e,  cc. 


Shall  such  thy  naval  throne  prevail. 

Or  rouse  the  vengeance  of  the  gods; 
O'ei-press  its  yielding  base  and  fall. 

With  haughty  Carthage,  Tyre  and  Rhodes."^ 

When  thou  7io    more  shalt  ride,  no  more   thalt 

rule  the  waves, 
But  shrink,  abash'd  among  the  slaves. 

*Commanders  of  the  Newcastle,    Leander,    and 
Acasta — the  squadron  that  pursued  the  Constitution; 


95        SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—NATIONAL  POETRY. 


To  the  Cilitor  nf  the  JWuional  Advocate. 

Sin The  following-  burst  of  jjatrioiic  feeling' 

appeared  in  the  25th  number  of  tiie  "Philolexion 
Observer,"  which,  if  you  think  it  fit  to  meet  the 
public  eye,  you  «re  requested  to  publish.  Tiie 
Philolexian  Observer  is  a  species  of  weekly  paper, 
conducted  by  a  member  of  the  Philolexian  Society, 
established  m  Columbia  college,  for  the  promotion 
of  !iter;a-y  composi'ion.  It  is  already  the  repository 
of  many  valuable  essays,  and  excellent  poetical 
pieces,  and,  at  a  future  day,  may  contribute  to  the 
instruc.ion  and  amusement  of  the  'public.  It  was 
commenced  on  December  10th,  1813,  and  has  been 
regularly  read  to  the  society  at  every  meeting- 
since  that  period.  M. 

ODE. 
Souls  of  the  brave  !  Ye  spirits,  fled 

To  mingle  with  the  mi.'vhty  dead! 

Ye  Patriots  true  !  who,  side  by  side, 

Have  bi-avely  fought,  and  nobly  died! 

Melhinks,  a  poet's  musing  eye, 

Yop.r  visionary  forms  can  spy. 

Where  .Etlier's  realms  with'  lightnings  glow. 

And  awful  tlumders  roll  below. 

Metliinks,  a  poet's  quickened  ear, 

Aerial  voices,  too,  can  hear, 

lii  mellow  cadence,  soft  and  lov\'. 

Float  on  the  breeze  the  notes  of  wo; 

As  reason  yields  to  fancy's  rcigni, 

Distinct  he  hears  the  mournful  strain. 

Say,  ye!  wiio,  'mid  the  battle's  roar. 

Have  sunk  in  death,  to  rise  no  more, 

Wliy,  on  the  fitful  breezes  borne. 

Hover  your  spirits  'mid  the  storm? 

Why  soar  ye  not,  with  eagle  rise. 

On  seraph  wings,  to  brighter  skies. 

To  share  the  glories  treasured  there 

With  kindred  spirits  in  the  air? 

Again,  in  fancy's  wild  career. 

The  notes  of  sadness  meet  his  ear— 

"While  thus  the  souls  of  heroes  slain 

Whisper  their  woes  in  mournful  strain. 

"Land  of  our  birth  ! — and  bought  with  blood. 
For  thee  our  fatliers  bravely  stood. 
Land  of  our  death!  their  sons  for  thee 
Ifave  died  in  battle  gallantly. 
To  guard  those  rights,  the  sons  have  fought. 
Which,  with  their  blood,  the  fathers  bought. 
Low,  in  the  dust,  their  bones  repose; 
The  thistle  o'er,  their  a-^hes  grows; 
The  willows,  to  :lie  wi.uls  that  wave. 
Give  token  of  a  warrior's  grave. 
For  us  no  towering  marble's  head 
Enshrines  the  memory  of  the  dead; 
No  pxans  echo  to  our  name; 
Dead  to  the  worid,  and  dead  to  fame. 
Yet  'tis  that  alone  we  sought: 
Fov  thee — and  not  for  fime,  we  fought; 
For  thee  we  stemm'd  tlie  battle's  tide; 
For  thee  we  bled — for  thee  we  died. 
As  ceased,  with  silent  Vesper's  reign,' 
The  tlumders  of  yon  battle  plain; 
As  yon  blest  orb's  declining  blaze 
Burnislied  the  ocean  witii  its  rays; 
So  'mid  a  stream  of  living  iiglit. 
Our  gallant  deeds  have  sunk  in  night." 

Ye  sons  of  song!  where  sleeps  the  lyre 
That  brightened  with  your  muse's  fire? 
Where  are  the  glowing  thoughts,  that  spread 
A  halo  round  the  honored  dead? 
.  Where,  now,  in  soothiiig  sadence,  swell. 


The  magic  murmurs  of  the  shell, 

Whose  tuneful  numbers  pealing  high; 

Sounded  the  strains  of  victory: 

Of  o'er  the  fallen  hero's  grave, 

Chaunted  the  dirge  of  warrior  brave? 

Minstrel  aWake!  whose  magic  lav 

The  pilgrim  cheers  on  life's  lone  way; 

Fair  woman's  gentle  nature  charms, 

And  the  rougli  soldier's  bosom  warms, 

Awake!  and  sound  a  martial  strain! 

Sweep  the  bold  clu)rds,  ne'er  touched  in  vain' 

Tell  of  our  triumphs  on  the  wave! 

Consecrate  each  hero's  grave! 

The  glories  sing  of  each  provid  day 

That  marks  Columbia's  martial  way! 

The  brave  inspire  n  deeds  of  arms 

And  rouse  the  weak  with  glory's  charms! 

And  when  the  bloody  combat's  done — 

Wiien  swells  each  heart,  with  glory  won— 

Then  sound,  in  measure  proud  and  high. 

The  clarion  notes  of  victory!  it: 


rnOM  THE  RICHMOND  ENaCIRER, 

INVOCATION. 

Addressed  to  every  fnend  of  his  countrij. 

Sons  of  Freedom!  who  have  bled 
W'here  Washington  or  Wakreit  led» 
Over  heaps  of  miglity  dead, 

'Gainst  a  Tyrant  Enemy; 
See  again!  the  battle  lower! 
Britain  rallies  all  lier  power- 
Now  descends  a  fiery  shower! 

Cannons  Roai-  and  Rockets  fly' 

Shades  of  Patriots  in  the  Grave! 
Sha.ies  of  'parted  Heroes  brave! 
Born,  your  Covnitry's  rights  to  save. 

From  a  ruthless  tyrant's  swayi- 
Rouse  your  gallant  sons  to  arms! 
Bid  them  wake  to  freedom's  cliarms! 
Bid  tliem  rush  to  wars  alarms! 

Rouse!  and  drive  their  foe.s  away. 

Bid  them  hasten  to  the  strand! 
Sword  to  sword,  and  hand  to  handf 
Suffer  not  a  foe  to  land 

On  the  shores  of  liberty! 
Back  to  ocean  drive  the  slaves! 
There  to  perish  in  its  waves! 
Sink  them  to  tlieir  wat'ry  graves! 

Worthy  not  on  earth  to  die,' 

CHORUS. 

Sons  of  patriots  in  the  grave! 
Sons  of  'parted  heroes  brave! 
Born,  your  country's  rights  to  save 

From  a  nithless  tyrant's  .^way; 
Be  not  blind  to  freedom's  charms! 
Be  not  de.f  to  war's  alarms! 
Rouse  ye!  Rouse  ye!  quick  to  arms! 

Rouse!  and  drive  your  foes  away- 

Haste  ye!  Haste  ye!  to  the  strandl 
Sword  to  sword  and  hand  to  hand} 
Suiier  not  a  foe  to  land. 

On  tiie  shores  of  liberty. 
Back  to  ocean  drive  the  slaves! 
There  to  perish  in  iis  waves! 
Sink  tliem  to  their  .vat'ry  graves! 

Wonhy  not  on  eaitli  ,o  die! 

An  American  of  1776' 
YitiGisiA^  S«pt.  30,  1814. 


SUPPLESIENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— EVENTS  IN  VATilS; 


97 


Journal  of  Events  in  P&ri^. 

ruoM  TJE  uiL'HMo:;n  r,NaL'iHr.:t. 
We  have  been  favored   vvitli  sijine  extract.-)  from 
tlifjoiinial  ofii  very  ill  elli^-ent  A.mej-k-:m,  who  lias 
resided  at  Paris  daring  the  eveats  which  liiive  la\c- 
ly  tiMiispired  oil  ihat  tneaire.     Tiiey  rehUe  to  a  pe- 
riod, ]jUice,  and  person,  that  must  muke  theiii  peci- 
liarlv  iiiieresling'.     The  fate  of  lie  man  who  hiis  fiil- 
ed  a  larr>'tr  space  in  the  eye  of  his  species,  than  uny 
otliei",  a  city  wiiich  was  the  capitil  of  France,  and 
once  of  Eviropc;  a  revolution,  that  for  30  years  had 
shaken  all  Europe,  and  is  supposed  by  many  lo  have 
closed  for   ever;  all  the  Kin!:;-s  of  Enrope  in    arms, 
co:i federated  against  one  individual,  and  rusliing  to 
P.uis  to  dicta  e  a  ruler  and  restore  ihe  race  oi'  legit 
imaie  princes;  these  are  the  scenes,    t'.iose   are  t!,e 
wonderful  events  which  iie  describes      A  id  wno   i:: 
jt  til  at  observes  them?     He  is    no  parasite  oi  power; 
no  butierfly  that  flutters  round  a  f  ourt,  no  vasal  that 
has  been  accustomed  to  how  liieknee  to  Baal;  bni 
an  Americiui  citizen,  bred  in  the  lap  of  liberty,   in 
dii'terent  to  the   pretensions  of  a  Louis  or  a   Bona- 
parte, except  so  far  as  they  concern  therighis  of  the 
French  people,  and  the  interes.s  ot  his  own  coimtry. 
His  writings  shew  him  to  be  a  republican — if  we 
were  ;il  liberty  to  give  his  name,  we  sUould  be  saved 
the  necessity  of  adding,  tiiat  he  is  a  man  of  no  little 
distinction  in  his  own  country. 

Such  a  one,  viewing  imoartially  the  events  which 
have  transpired  in  Paris,  and  putting  down,  every 
da_\,  the  sentiments  which  they  transpired,  while 
they  were  tresii  before  him,  must  be  listened  to  with 
attention.  The  Diary  is  along  one;  and  will  iur- 
nisli  us  with  copious  extracts  for  several  future 
numbers  of  oiu"  paper.       [Editor  of  the  Enquirer. 


ced  to  shew,  that  they  had  nothing  to   cspect,  and 

■  'Ktt  tlie  Bri  ish  pretensions  were  t.xvo-ed  to  t  eir 
detriment. — Tlse  inttrest  of  t::e  Uni,ed  States  it 
simple:  it  is,  that  iliere  should  bea  strong  govei^- 
ment  in  France  This  single  act  decides  of  itself 
iheii-  actual  position,  &c. 

This  is  all  true — I  have  it  from  the  best  authority, 
tliat  we  could  expect,  not  even  Jwd'ce  from  the  late 
government.  How  could  it  be  otherwise?  Was 
not  Louis  ISih  an  English  viceroy?  Did  lie  did  not 
say  to  tlie  »vorld,  tnai  aftei-God  lie  owed  his  crown 
to  thrtt  nation?     That  he  owed  his  crown  to  tiiem,  is 

■  i'ue — I  doubt  whether  God  rook  part  with  lii;n,  and 
^m  verv  certain  tiiat  liie  French  people  to  whom  the 
affdr  exchi.dvely  bcloiip,-e;!,  did  not. 

June  20. — Seiiold  tlie  other  side  of  the  picture! 
We  had  scarcely  iieard  of  the  victories  of  Bonap:vrte, 
when  we  learnt  his  total  overt Urow.  Tne  Frencli 
.rmy,  his  only  hope,  is  not  merely  dcfei' cd,  but 
a.nihilated.  The  nation  is  .iubdued  and  must  sub- 
mit o  the  terms  of  the  conqnero:-.-;. — Ti.e  Empe  :oi« 
— bu'  his  title  is  qut.'ing  dim  forever — arrived  in 
Paris  before  tlie  news  of  his  disastrous  battle;  but 
what  can  he  do  here?  Hi.s  power  over  the  govei'n* 
ment,  and  his  iiviTuence  with  the  nation  depended  on 
ihe  issue  of  his  efforts;  tliey  will  not  sustain  him  to 
await  the  second  arrival  of  the  Gossucks. 


Paris,  June  18. — One  itundred  pieces  of  cannon 
ann  iince  a  great  victory  obtained  by  the  French; 
Wellington  and  Bhicher  are  flying  before  Bona- 
pane.  Success  has  attended  his  steps.  In  truth, 
he  has  need  ot  all  the  advantages  wliich  success  can 
give  him.  On  the  immediate  result  oi  the  campaign 
HE  depends  for  existence,  and  France  lor  internal 
peace  and  independence.  The  combinations  of  ene- 
mies without  isterrible;  themovemenLsof  ihe  dis  t- 
lecied  witlun  alarming".  Le^  itis  eagles  triumph  fo; 
a  little  while  over  tiie  mixed  banners  of  legitimate 
kings;  Saxony,  Switzerland  and  Spain  will  suspend 
tlieir  blow,  Poland  may  awake,  and  Italy  sii.ike  ofl' 
he  inglorious  chains  Trancjuiii  y  will  be  restored 
to  the  interior,  and  the  scourge  of  civil  war  avert- 
ed. The  official  report  on  diis  subject  is  of  a  very 
serious  nauu-e ;  it  exhibis  a  more  untavorabie  view 
tlian  I  had  an  icipated.  Tiiere  is  something  manly 
in  la\ing  the  facts  as  they  exist  be. ore  the  public; 
it  shews  a  re.speci  tor  and  a  confidence  in  the  peo- 
ple highly  graiityingto  the  friends  oi  republicanism. 
Tliis  full  aitd  fai.-  expose  is  observable  in  all  the  re- 
pijfts:  a  few  da}s  ago,   an  able  view  of  their  foreign 


T  met  with ^this  morning  in  the  House  of 

Representatives.  He  informed  me  that  theconte;t 
was  at  an  end;  that  the  emperor  would  not  be  sup- 
ported; that  it  was  understood,  before  he  set  otit  for 
his  army,  that  if  iie  was  defeaed,  no  furtlier  strug- 
gle would  be  made  to  sustain  him  on  the  throne. 
Lucien  Bonaparte  advised  his  abdication,  in  pre- 
ference  to  the  attempt  wliich  would  be  necessarily 
attended  with  so  much  blood  shed.  Xapoleon  per- 
severed in  his  determination  to  try  the  face  o  bat  le; 
he  was  confident  of  crushinghis  enemies.  The  day 
of  his  arrival  in  Paris,  when  his  certain  discoinfifire 
was  known,  the  two  houses,  on  motion  of  general 
La  Fayette,  declared  themselves  permanent;  tiiat 
all  eflbrts  o  dissolve  them  should  be  considered  as 
treasonable.  Sec.  Under  the  constitution,  the  empe- 
ror had  a  riglit  to  dissolve  them,  and  they  were  ap- 
prehensive he  would  do  so.  The  resolutions  were 
adopted  with  much  unanimity.  La  Payette  was  li.s- 
tened  to  with  profound  interest:  he  has  much  weight 
with  the  government  and  the  nation,  growing  on  of 
the  purity  of  his  character,  and  his  devotion  to  lib- 
erty.    Various  repors  circidated  in  tite   chamber, 

where  througli  the  kindness  of T  obtained  a 

seat.  It  was  said  that  troops  of  the  line  had  'jeen 
ordered  to  Paris  from  Versailles.  A  motion  was 
made  to  place  tlie  national  guard  under  the  com- 
mand of  Gen.  La  F.iyette:  steps  were  taken  \o  rally 
them  around  the  representatives:  they  will  prevent 
the  emperor,  if  he  lie  so  disposed  from  takings  vio- 
lent measures.  The  propriety  of  his  abdi';  .  .t;  'he 
government  has  been  discussed  in   council. 


The 

relations  was  suhmi.ted  by  Catdaincourt  to  the  leg-l  proposi'lonis  ..dvocated  bya  mgoriiy, among  .vjioru 


islature — It  stares  to  he  utmost  extent  the  dangers 
wnich  threaten  France;  it  disguises  and  diacoloiu's 
n  -.thing,  tlie  power  Siresouri.  e.s  o.  tne  combined  kings 
are  admitted,  and  spoken  oi  in  a  temper  o'  coolness 
and  indifference,  wiiicn  tliose  infamous  projects  do 
not  merit.  It  should  be  read  with  a  tention;  it  is  a 
masterly  state  paper. — ]'  speaks  of  us  as  follows: 

In  the  first  ranko.  tiie  friends  of  Fnuice,  stands 
tite  Americans;  a  people,  intended  to  play  a  great 
part  on  the  theatre  oi  political  ^fiairs,  particular) 
in  all  that  regards  commerce.  They  have  lately 
terminaied  an  honorable  war,  by  an  honorable  peace. 
The  few  concerns  wi.ich  they  had  with  the  Govern 
ment  of  Louis  18tli,  d  ring  its  short  exisitucCp  solii- 


is  named  Fouclie,  Gaulincourt,  &c. — Caiiiot,  D^voust, 
&.C.  are  in  opposition.  He  offered  to  abdicate,  if 
they  would  make  him  dictator;  hat  is,  he  w.mld  take 
off  the  livery,  but  he  would  drive.  Nevertheless, 
it  is  wished  by  many,  that  he  would  abdicate  in  fa- 
vor of  his  son]i  and  that  a  regency  migli  i  be  es  t ;:  blish- 
ed  during  his  minority.  Others  aie  disposed  to 
consign  the  government  to  tie  duke  of  Orleans} 
some  that  Lotus  18th  should  be  re-established;  and 
others,  that  he  himself  should  hold  on  and  make  a- 
nother  eflTort.  About  two  o'clock  Lucien  Bonaparta 
entered  wit'n  a  message.  It  was  t.  be  read  in  secret 
i  was  ex  ee  ed  to  announce  liis  resignation;^ the 
contems  Mave  n«t,  tr;vnspi^.i. 


^rrrLKMENT  to  niles'  EEGisTEn— svents  in  VAni^ 


June  21.— -It  b  s;  id,  liis  message,  so  far  from  con- 
tiiirinfr  Ms^ibdication,  demanded  an  immedialclevy 
(if  40,000  men,  and  twentj  millions  of  fi'ancs.  And  ; 
it  is  reported,  that  beiiigapiji-eliensiivethat  his  dis- 
jT'.is;>ion  v.onld  he  voted,  he  has  c^one  to  put  liimself 
at  'he  lic;id  oflV.e  army — Bui,i:'l,'j  could  not,  with 
tlie  natioi;,  opj-osc  the  allies,  liow  cur,  he  calcidate 
on  success  r.p.ins'.  botl.?  Yesterday  tlie  resolution 
to  protect  his  jierscn  v.as  imivcrsid;  he  was  saie  so 
lorp  as  he  obcyeil  tlie  nalioritd  will;  to  day,  other 
Keri'timcnts  prevail.  A  ftir  opportunity  now  offers 
to  c;t;.bli.'>li  a  republic.  But,  ai'e  they  ecuve  nom 
diimcmbcrri.ent.'' — Tise  accursed  coriibination  wi! 
continue  to  inierrVre.  It  i'j  a  conspiracy  of  kings, 
not  pgT.inst  Napoleon,  but  ag'aiast  liberal  principles. 
Tet  the-,  all  protect  apir.sl  imposiifg- a  gove^r.mcnt 
on  France.     T'l  c Ei  «li.«h  -.'vd  Ausiriang-ovemments 

have  been  exp:icii;  and infjrmed  me,  thar, 

in  !-.is  pre.-;cr.ce,  Alexander  had  .said,  that  the  Bour- 
oons  were  inccri  igible;  that  he  Ik  d  i  eg-ictted  liaving- 
had  anv  hand  if!  placing  tlieni  an  the  tlirone. — Lci 
t!  epre.'^entas.scmbly  then  choose  an  e:cecutivc  ma- 
«-is.rate;  ar.dhcreuf'er,  on  'iieapp;ici»'ion  ofthema- 
iority  oi  the  ])eople,  call  a  Coriveniion  to  abrogate 
or  cli.iV'g'e  tie  constiiuiion,  Wi.ich  may  now  be 
afj'ieed  oii.  It  appears  that  the  emperor,  now  empe- 
ror no  more,  lias  not  lel'i  Paris.  As  I  walked  along 
the  Cliamp  Elvbee,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  palace, 
■wliich  he  occupies,  refleciing  on  the  gloomy  soli- 
tude of  its  grove.-.,  wliea  conuastedwitli  the  scene 
vhicli  a  few  shoi  t  days  past  it  exhibiied,  I  was 
stnick  wi'.h  the  distant  shou's  of  Tn'e  Z'_£,'«i/jere7/r.' 
I  hastened  to  the  garden  of  the  palace;  there  to  my 
aslonishment,  I  saw  this  very  individual,  who  I  had 
heen  told  had  left  dic.city  a^ain  to  pbce  himself  at 
the  head  of  tlie  army.  He  was  walking  wiiii  Ber- 
trv.nd  and  three  others,  who.se namcsl  did  not  learn. 
The-  were  engaged,  but  not  earnestly  in  conversa- 
tion. There  was  nodiing  unusual  in  Iiis  kppearance 
or  manner;  his  countenance  was  firm  and  piycid  He 
h.'d  defermmed  on  ar/d  prepared  his  abdicution.  A 
few  minutes  aferwards,  he  entered  a  plain  carriage, 
drawn  bv  tv.'o  horses,  and  followed  by  two  others 
coi'^veving  tlie  gentlemen  vvUo  wer*"  with  him;  re- 
paired to  the  cJi.imber  of  reprcsentttives  to  give  it 
in,  -and  once  more  strip  himself  of  title  and  power. 
I  could  but  rcdect  that  on  the  sixth  of  this  mon.h 
he  moved  to  that  very  cluimber  in  a  gorgeous  car- 
ri."ge,  covered  wi'li  guid,  drawn  by  six  beauti  ui 
iior^cs,  decor.-.tod  with  feathers,  their  long  manes 
cm-led  -and  waving  in  the  wind;  wiih  sumptuous 
<rpup;.ge,  with  the  membcrsof  his  family  imd  court 
attired  in  richest  i)abilimen;s,  in  his  train,  whilst 
s\u  rounding  tliousands  hailed  liim  with  shouts  or 
.^idmiration. — Ahtv,  I  was  about  to  say,  "none  so  poor 
to  do  him  reverei.ce;"  none,  indeed,  in  comparison 
•widi  the  ibrmercrov  d.  Tlie  number,  however,  rap- 
idU  increased,  and  as  he  passed  on.  they  tnrevv  up 
*''ileir  greasy  caps,"  and  cried  aIovxA.  "Vive  I' Empe- 
■vmn-f"  He  made  his  acknowledgements  with  a  bow 
ayid  cheerful  smile,  and  pa.sscd  on.  The  gaiety  of 
Paris  is  no  moie.  It  is  succeeded  by  the  deepest 
«le>cction  ai;d  mchuicholy.  Tlie  assured  look  and 
•the  ligivi  step  wi  ich  met  you  at  every  lurn  in  the 
garden  of  the  Thuilleries,  vnd  the  walks  of  the  Pa- 
lais Royal,  a  e  no  longer  seen. 

June"  23. —  Niipoleon  ..tjdica  edin  favor  of  his  son, 
■wlio,  ;br  the  present,  is  acknowledged  as  emperor, 
ty  virtne.of  the  cons  itu'.ioiL  Poi icy  points  out  the 
yjopriet;,  of  suppor  ing  him.  I  may  have  the  ten- 
<lenc3  to  break  the  solid  phalanx  of  their  enemies; 
it  may  draw  oif  Austria,  Italy  and  Germany;  but  tlie 
interest  cf    he  French  people  is  nothing;  but  li  tie 


cnlighter.cd  governments  of  the  present  agc;  Loui« 
the  iSh  has  a  corisiderabie  ])arvv  in  the  naior.,  but 
few  supi)oners  in  the  government.  The  duke  o-  Or- 
leans is  more  popular,  and  would  be  preferred,  if 
they  are  ccmjjelled,  :'8  probably  will  be  the  ca.,e,  '» 
receive  a  Bouibon.  The  republic, just  at  pie-ent,  is 
out  of  the  question  How  can  i'  withstand  the  oppo- 
sition of  the  Bonapartists  and  Bourbons  within,  and 

the  legitimate  kings  without.' ye.  I  do  not  de.sp.iir. 

It  is  impossible  that  die  rcipi  of  folly  and  vice 
should  be  etern.'-d. 

A  provisional  execu  ive  has  been  foi-mcd.  K  i« 
compo.sed  ol'  the  present  niinisters,  and  five  mem- 
bers appointed  by  .he  two  licuscs.  Carnot,  Due  IVO- 
trame  and  general  Grenitr  have  been  named  b'.  ;he 
chamber  o  reprc.-,ei)ttttives,  ;.nd  the  due  rte  "\'icenze 
andM.  Quinettc  by  the  peers.  CommissionG,-  ue 
already  dispatched  to  treat  with  the  aides,  on  wiio-,e 
will  and  pleasure  dejxnd  the  safe  y  of  Paris,  ti-e 
incgrity  of  France,  and  the  nature  of  its  gnvoi-n- 
ment.  Will  they  accept  of  Napoleon  the  scconil? 
Will  his  being  proposed  create  division  ar.d  dissolve 
the  union.i"  Wiil  die  emperor  ot  Aws  ria  prefer  to 
ni*  own  immediate  interest,  die  distant  prospects 
of  Ins  q-randson.'  For  this  is  obviously  a  mere  ferch 
on  tiie  part  of  Fivjice  to  obtain  a  breathing  spell  I 
iiope  she  may  succeed  in  gulling  them,  and  ]i'ere:if. 
;er,m  tmies  ot  q  ue  ,  emb.ace  the  occasion  to  form 
a  goveniment  more  worthy  other  than  that  of  a  ba- 
by "puling  and  p  ikiiig  in  the  nurse's  arms."  But 
Louis  le  desire  will  better  meet  die  views  of  the  le- 
giiimaie  kings,  and  ids  huge  corpse  will  be  again 
hi  ed  into  the  nigh  seat.— Miserable  nation'  wre'tch- 
od  sl.ernative!  an  infant  or  a  superanuwied  dot«  d' 
—The  Freoph  army  has  been  drendfully  cut  up. 
One  of  the  gazettes  stated  iria  the  impe'-'ial  '-„  /la 
were  u.tterly  amdhilated;  this  has  been  no  [ced  in 
the  Jcgislature.  A  member  on  the  author!  y  of  the 
minis. er  ot  w.r,  declared  thar  6000  had  aireadv  ral- 
lied, and  that  the  armv  of  tlie  north  amoun  ed  't9 
60,000  men.— The  youth  of  the  Poly  echnic  School 
have  requested  to  he  taken  into  service,  and  great 
eilorts  are  making  to  augment  die  military  force  of 
the  nation.  Union  and  a  levy  en  masse  would  vet 
save  the  counti->;  but  1  fear  die  one  does  no  exist 
and  tiie  other  cannot  consequently  be  resorted  to* 
If  the  negociations  fail  the  intention  now  avowed  is 
to  defend  Pans  to  the  last  extremity.  The  workc 
ot  Mont  Martre  are  strong,  and  confulGiiee  iiegins  to 
revive.  La  Fayetie,  ScbaEtiani,  Laforest,  d'Argen- 
son  andPontecouUntare  tlie  commissioners  appoint- 
ed tx)  treat  with  the  allies.  The  d',ke  d'o'rante 
(Fouche)  IS  president  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment, and  -Mas>.ena  commander  in  cliief  of  the  na- 
Lional  guaids.  Bonaparte  has  taken  up  his  residence 
HI  Mah.iaison;  m  the  event  of  his  being  obliged  to 
fly,  report  gives  to  the  United  States  the  honor  or 
disgrace  01  becoming  his  asylum;  as  to  mjself  I  view- 
it  neidier  m  tlie  one  ligiit  nor  in  the  other. 

June  26.— The  proceedings  of  the  two  houses  be-f 
gm  to  exhibit  much  digaiiy  and  coolness;  nothina' 
distmbs  their  tranquility,  but  the  mention  of  a  Bour- 
bon or  objections  to  the  present  government  A  few- 
days  since  the  duke  de  Pontecoiilant  (and  it  is  wor- 
diy  of  remark  that  he  was  soon  after  named  one  of 
the  envov  s,)  declared,  that  he  would  not  consent  to 
accept  Napoleoii  2d  as  emperor;  th  .t  he  was  an  in- 
fiuit  and  not  a  resident  oi'  J-Vance.— Tfiis  gave  rise  to 
a  furious  debate.  Gen.  Lubedovere  declared,  that  . 
the  abdicat  on  of  Napoleon  was"  indivisible;  ;hat  if 
his  son  was  not  acknowledged,  he  ought  again  to 
seize  the  swoid,  ;o  declare  ail  wiio  reni.-ied  o  rally 
around  lam,  intaiuous;  to  raze  'heir  iiou  ,es,  10  pro- 
'gsdkJS  tusir  ikaiiU^Sj  wi4  to  sm-roimd  himself  with 


ISUPPLSMEXT  TO  NILES'  REGIS'raR—KVENTS  IN  PARIS^ 


t'le  brave  who  would  ag-aiii  spill  their  blo'^-l  in  his 
de'cnce;  Uiat  there  was  no  doiibt,  (ulladiiip;' to  mar- 
Bnal  Ney)  t^iat  he  would  be  ab-indoned  by  ^ile  gciic- 
ruN,  w!io  had  jdrcadv  bets  :;ved  hiin. — '"Vouiu^-mrin," 
•3:iid  ^liisser,,,,  "you  forget  yourself"  "Y:rd  think 
yo'ir-eiratt'ne  head  of  the  corps  de  g-uard,"  s:\id  a- 
JiO'hcr.  Order  wr.s  witii  much  difficulty  at  leigfh 
Kesored.  Yet  this  all  important  question  is  far  from 
being' settled.  It  must  be  discussed.  Austria  is,  if 
rot  tlicir  only,  tl.eir  principal  hope — It  i^  reported 
wi.Ji  much  conndcnce,  tl;at  that  pov/er  Ii;is  g'lven  i; 
to  be  uuderB+ood,  it  wouid  unite  widi  Fra'ice  iu  fa- 
V-jr  of  the  voiiui,'' emperor.  The  allies,  it  is  said, 
are  not  ad\'a".cin'^  on  Paris,  and  it  seems,  that  tlie 
P"dtion  of  (he  Russiaiw  is  ralliei-  inien  led  to  watch 
liie  Austri.'-ins,  'diun  to  aid  the  En.;^iishand  Prussians 
who  are  no;  in  a  situ.ilion  to  niarcli  to  thd'i  capital 
without  their  co-oneration.  Otto  set  out  vesterd.av 
«n  a  mis:ion  to  ^iiis^land.  Tne  p:i]:)ers  announce  the 
departure  of  T'.onaparte;  but,  I  have  it  from  g'oodau- 
tliorily  that  ii  is  not  irue.  He  will  await  the  result 
©r  a  few  evcniful  days.  T'le  Fiench  ai-rny  has  not 
s'lTc'ed  Hl;o.':re:!ier  as  much,  and  the  eiieniy  has 
b':'e-i  more  cut  up,  tiian  w.is  at  first  beUeved.  The 
p  ih'ic  co'in'cnnnce  lieji^ins  to  brighten — 160,000 
iTior'  of  the  reiuisition  of  ISl.l  aie  culled  out;  the 
I'ederes  (t!ie  l.ihi)ring'  clsss  of  Paris)  have  tenderetl 
their  sc  vices,  cither  to  defciid  the  city,  or  to  march 
to  the  Ironticis. — \o£;"o"iations  foi-  a  g'eneral  pacifi- 
•c-.tiou  "ith  the  insurgents  >n  ihe  Wejt  arc  set  on 
foot,  ^rarshnl  Xey,  for  statir.g-  the  immensity  o< 
their  loss,  is  denounced  on  ail  hands;  yet,  I  suspect 
he  told  no  more  than  the  truth.  Why  else  did  Bo- 
nap. n-tc  abandon  the  army  and  abdicate  the  throne.' 
These  two  fac'sspcik  volumes. 

June  27. — Tlic  tri-colored  il.T^,  which  liad  been 
feiken  dowti,  isas^ain  hoisted  on  tlie  public  building-s. 
All  judicial  proccedint^'s  arc  to  be  conducted  in  die 
name  of  the  French  people,  ^yere  it  no'  for  foreig-n 
nati,^ns,  particularly  tlie  Enpflish,  a  republic  would 
he  established.  IJonapartesaid  :ifew  daysas^o,  tlia'., 
if  the  allies  refused  t-)  acknowledge  his  son  as  em- 
peror, the  rcpub'ican  form  of  g-overnmcnt  ought  to 
be  adapted.  A  ht'v  was  proj^osed  under  the  old  pre- 
text of  state  necessity,  toautlioriss  the  arrast  of  per- 
sons charged  with  i.vibli.-ihin;^  f->lse  news,  exciting- 
desertion,  or  dissuading-  individtials  irom  enlisting-. 
Tliev  wei-e  also  to  be  deprived  of  the  rij^-lit,  now  se- 
cured bv  law  (iheliabeas  corpus  in  face,)  of  being- 
brou^^ht  im-iirdiately  before  the  trib-auals  of  justice. 
Tiii.s  has  been  successfully  opposed  hi  both  hou.-Jes. 
It  was  said,  wiiate-.er  circumstance  they  were  [>laced 
in,  it  was  necessu-y  to  respect  in.dividual  liberty 
wliich  o^'fr'-t  ways  'o  be  lield  sacred;  that  it  would 
be  'bolls''  to  adoot  ni-inciples,  of  which  thoy  them- 
selves mig-iit  become  the  victims;  that  it  was  des- 
tructlve  of  the  most  invaluable  rig-hts  of  the  citizenj 
that  so  disastrous  a  law  o'lgiit  not  to  be  adopted  for 
the  purpose  of  sjettinc;'  rid  of  a  few  agitators;  that  to 
g-uard against  thcni,  it  w.is  not  necessary  to  inflict  so 
vital  a  wound  oii  llie  ri.^hts  of  humanity;  that,  when 
measures  of  rigor  were  about  to  be  taken,  necessity 
was  alw.ays  the  plea;  that  no  one  could  live  in  safe- 
ty, where  such  a  latitude 'vvas  given  to  arhilrary 
power;  "and  for  fv\ir,"said  one  of  ths  members  "oT 
being  sacrificed  bv  some  petty  tyrant,  intoxicated 
with  power  and  imagined  consequence,  if  I  were  not 
kept  there  bv  duties  which  I  o-.ve  to  the  public,  I 
would  apply  for  a  passport,  and  exile  myself  and 
family  to  Constaulinoplc,  where  T  might  more  wil- 
linglv  submit  to  the  caprice  of  some  wretched  Pa- 
cha:" Let  military  despots  :ind  woul.l-ij2  tyrants, 
blush  at  re.iding  ::ie.e  scrim  -its;  k'    ;e:n  be.'^ep- 


am  wandering  from  the  subject.  I  could  cite  a 
j  hundred  other  recent  cvidcncei  of  the  prevalence  of 
■  lit)eral  doctrines.  Formyse- f,  then,  I  iiaveao  d;ubt, 
jthat  althou.gii  the  fl.iuie  o';'  libe-.-f,-  may  for  a  widiu 
be  obscured,  and  app.arently  e-cunguished,  it  will 
ere  Icng  burst  forth  to  w-arm  and  eniigiue.i  the  Eu- 
ropean world.  >Ti)t  a  word  is  .said  at  present  co:u 
cerning  ei- her  the  actual  or  event;ial  government* 
[n  truth,  this  is  no  time  to  de  iber-ite;  thehavoneis 
arc  too  clu:;e  at  hand.  I  pity  the  situation  of  the 
French;  I^ouis  lorii,  die  scorn  ofthe  nation,  the  tool 
of  their  rivals  :uid  cne.-oies,  m.ay  be  imposed  '.noti 
tliern;  ar.d,  nnarki  tlicir  vanity  i;i  such,  that,  altiiough 
their  hearts  a^heto  bjrs  ing.  thev  will  ail'ect  to  re- 
ceive !iim  voluiitarilyr  to  ccn-<idcr  it  tlieir  own  :-ct, 
ind  "Vi-oe  le  lioi"  will  be  agiin  the  general  cry, 
'Jelebrity  and  tvlorv,  which  in  their  e;tin-i'ion  ver^ 
0:-r.iOniSedby  Napoleon,  blin  led  Lhem  !o  his  poliu. 
cal  crimes;  but,  to  have  set  over  tlie  n  poll. deal  .lin- 
ners  notoriously  destitute  ofikmeand  e'evition,  iui-, 
b'.ied  with  old  andJobsolete  notions  oPdii-ine  right, 
.ind  dcxtercis  in  noth.ing  but  religion-*  ]ug:^!i:igan(l 
mumiiierv,  is,  what  cannot,  ought  not,  and  will  not 
be  borne.  T  am  not  prepared  ti  is.sert,  that  the  .iias* 
of  t^e  people,  either  in  France  or  in  Kigland,  ar* 
sufficiently  enlightened  to  establisii  aiid  support  a 
free  government.  Yet  the  e.xperi  ent  ougni  to  be 
trie<l,  and  tried,  and  tried  .igain.'  True  pri  iciple* 
'.vill  develope  themselves,  and  strengthen  even  by- 
defeat,  a.v.l  will  ultirn-itelv,  most  assui-edly,  be 
ciTj.vned  with  success.  The  manner  of  talking  a- 
bout  and  discussing  public  measures  in  tiie  U  li.ed 
States  Is  widely  iKderent  froiii  any  i.hat  can  be  ob- 
served in  either  England  or  France.  T  le  B  igii.ili* 
man  is  afraid  ofthe  laws,  or  ratiier  of  the  ind  lence 
of  government,  which  construes  them,  as  it  ple.isesi 
he  is  afraid,  too,  of  loosing  euiplovmenr,  cus'oTiers 
and  the  countenance  of  the  wcilthy  and  the  tided; 
he,  therefo)?e,  aflfects  silence  and  sulkinens.  Tiie 
Frenchman  has  not  yet  sliulcen  oS'  the  timidity  of 
centuries  of  slavery;  but,  as  he  m  ist  talk,  with 
mucii  grimace  and  seli-complacencv  he  expatiiites 
on  the  iveatiier,  tlie  fasiiions,  s'jectucle?,  and  a  tnou- 
sand  other  e<|ually  important  subjects.  At  all  e- 
vents,  wiiatever  be  1:he  cause,  it  is  i.npossible  ou 
tills  side  of  the  Atlantic  to  le.-inifrom  individuals, 
from  groupes,  from  Gazettes,  or  in  anv  other  way, 
a  vru-iety  of  facts  which  you  are  dc^irois  to  know; 
all  of  that  nature  too,  whicli  with  us  are  published, 
from  the  house-top.^.  And  this  is  neces.aary  to  Ui©- 
establishment  and  existence  of  fi-eedom. 

June  28. — Tiie  remark;  v.-ith  which  I  concluded 
yesterday  are  perfectly  true.  ^Vllilst,  it  lias  been 
confidently  and  gsnei-ally  asserted  t'or  t-.vo  or  tiiree 
days  past  that  the  enemy  v/ere  not  -^ilvancing,  tiiey 
have  approached  to  within  ten  or  fifiecn  leagues  ot 
the  city;  and,  yet  the  miserable  tl evils  read  tliu 
newspapers  vvhlch  contahi  notiiing,  look  wise,  siiru^ 
up  theu-  shoulders,  take  snuifand  seem  to  be  satis- 
fied; they  say  too,  they  rauft  have  commerce.  This 
seem. J  to  be  the  excuse  for  every  thing  th  it  n 
dastardly. — IL  h  not  kno-,vn,  even  now,  whether  there 
will  bo  another  battle;  or,  whether  the  city  will  be 
dsfcnded.  If,  as  it  Is  said,  marshal  Grouchy  Ins 
40,000  men,  and  their  ;u-my  amnimt  to  70,000,  sm-e- 
ly  with  the  aid  ofthe  people,  they  might  yet  be:it 
the  inrincibles  of  Wellington;  but,  the  apathy  which, 
reign.s  is  truly  wonderful.  T  lis  is  one  of  the  happy- 
effects  of  a  community  being  t.aught  to  believe,  that 
the  government  is  no  concern  of  theirs.  T'ie  next 
step  1j  to  forget  that  they  liave  a  couatry;  and  Uiia 
is  easy  enough,  for,  no. nine  l>ui    ignorance  c  m    o« 

i-pud  of  mere  eartl;,  and  water  and  air.     Those  .vii'^ 


loa 


srPPLESlENT  TO  Kil.ES*  KEr,IS'rER^EVEN'lS  IN  PAH!^. 


policy  by  conscious  redltiide,  S;c.  Sec.  Wli.it  -a  pi- 
tiiii)  do.^'!  tliei'fUow  lias  an  eye  to  his  property  — 
He  possesses  iniincnse  \vealth  in  Paris  and  the 
neiji-hborhood;  so  does  Massena;  and  the  c)ne  is  at 
tion  of  the  negoliation.  O'hers  sav  Louis  the  18th.  {il'C  head  oKthecivil  depar'.mcnt;  the  other  tlie  niiii- 


iVi'^trac^cd.  SoitjC  arc  clearly  of  opinion,  that  iT 
Pon;.p:.rle  would  g-o  enii'.ely  oft"  every  tiiiiip; 
T.oidd  be  iiTiniedi'i  ciy  arranr;ed.  Otl\ers  awa.ii 
vith    much    impatience  the    successful    terniina- 


V.  ill  be  here   in  a  davortwo,  and  he  will  prove  a  tary. 
kinp:-cure'-all.     And  others,    [mv  heart  bleeds  when  1     June  29. 


1  speak  of  them!]  wish  to  piomotc  the    interests  ofjsicg-e.     I  applie.i  a  few  days   agfo  for  :ipermi. 
liberty  and  their  couiUry.     Bu^.   the  pressure  ol'cir-  ./a?//'.     On  receiving    it  to  day  from  the  prei 
ciniistances   is    too  mig'hty   to  be  further  resisted. 
Yet,  yr.-eparation  for  the  in'ended  attack  continue  to 
be  made.     The  v.^orks  of  Mont-Martre  are  said   to 
be  stronj^,  v.nd  foptifications   are  thrown  "p   on  the 
T' rth  front  of  the  city;  provisions   also  in    trreat  u 
bund:'nce  have  been  procured;  a  day  or  two  will  de- 
cide all  our  doubts;  but,  wi;h  so  numerous  apopi- 
la' ion,  and  such  gener.ds   as   Massena,  Xey,  Soul', 
Macdonald,  Jourdan,    &c.    what    can  excuse   th.eli 
po   having'  already  met  their  enemy.' — The  l>attlco: 
Mon'  St.  Jean  has   broken  their  spirits.     Whv   d 
the\  not  rather  draw  cncon'.-ac^eriient  from  the  hern- 
ism  tjieir  troops  disjilayed?     A  detachment  of  the 
rnperial  _s;aiards  against  a  batterv,  after  having-  lost 
half  th.cir   numbers,  were  inviied  by   the  enemy, 
•truck  with  admiration  of  their  conduct,  to  suj'ren- 
der      Tiic  gallant   general  replied,   La    Garde  Im- 
perial menrt  et  ne  se  rend  pan" — In  a  few    minutes 
they  ceased  to  exist!     A  monument  bea'ing  the  \rr 
sciiption  is   about  to  be  e;  ccted;  but  the  i'lsvdated 
cif Tts  of  a  standing  army  can  effect  nothing.     Yet, 
TV'here  it  exi;-  s,  the  people  look  to  that   alone  for 
safet};  when  it  is  vanquisiied,  the  country  is  subdu- 


Pari.5   is  declared  to  bc^  in  a  state  cf 

s  dese- 
fcct  of 
police,  he  observed  i:  would  be  a  protection;  but  as 
a  ])erniis:;inn  1o  remain  in  the  city,  it  was  unneces- 
s;uy;  for  there  was  no  getting  out.  I  was  before  ap- 
prized of  the  fact;  for  I  h;'d  gone  in  thcjiiorning  to 
the  bari  ier  dT.i'fer  for  the  purpose  o'  visitir,!?-  the 
c...  comb.'^;  but  as  they  communica'ed  subterr.ane- 
ously  with  the  field  withou  the  wal',  I  was  not  per- 
mitted to  descend.— .V  great  many  cor.i.try  people 
with  theii  f\^miiics,  furniture,  cows  and  as.ses;  were 
pressing  into  the  city;  also  waggons  and  carts  load- 
ed  with  wine  flour,  stock  -.nd  provisions  ot'all  kinds. 
Th.e  neighboring  inii;  i)itants  are  ordered  to  assist 
iiMhrowing  up  works  of  defence.  Whv  does  not 
the  goveinmrnf  call  upon  them  to  rise  en  massfi? 
Instead  of  that,  they  pnblisli  to  the  w,)rld,  that  Paris 
is  only  to  be  defended  widio\it  the  walls,  and  by 
troops  of  the  li;c;  th;.t  the  Naiional  Guard;;  are  tQ 
preserve  tr.anquiliv,  but  are  not  to  be  sent  against 
the  e-icmv.  Marsiial  Xcy  has  published  a  letter  to 
theducd'Otrante,  exculpating  himielTfrom  cert.iiii 
cii.n-ges  broiig.itag.iinst  iiim,  and  pointing  out  'n  my 
errors  and  ioilies  con-iniir:ed  by  Bon:iparte  in  the 
memorable  battle  >.  Mont  St.  Jean.     If  he  lias  lost 


ed.  Let  us  remember  too,  that  it  is  not  the  coun- r^pi'tation,  he  liad  belter  retrieve  it  in  some  other 
tr  ,  but  the  chief  for  whicii  i'  fig'nts.     History  is  full  I  '•^'•^y- 

of  proofs;  and  the  following  wets  maybe  consider- 1  June  33. — T'ds  mor-iing  l>ctveen  two  and  tliree 
cd;.s  superBuous.  General  Bemond  stated  in  ihe  o'chick,  we  wc  e  aroused  by  the  fire  of  cannon  in 
chamber  of  representatives  to-day,  tha'  havi;ig  bee 


the  direction  of  St 'Dennis.  An  engagement  or  rath- 
er  a  skirmisn  has  taken  place.  Ti'c  •esult  is  not  vet 
known.  It  is  said,  that  AVellington,  and  Rlucher 
will  not  adv.ance  on  the  city,  till  tliey  are  joined  bv 
all  the  iorce,  which  it  is  pos dble  to  collect  J.  is 
supposed,  thattlie  French  will  not  give  tliem  bat  le 
why  should  we  tight.''  the  emperor  is  jimmedia'el  ;  that  tliey  aw  dt  the  arrival  of  general 
"Rut  you  have  a  country,  friends,  your  Rapp  at  the  he..d  of  his  division.     In    fact,  1  tear  on 


«ent  to  reconnoiire,  he  h:;d  mo  near  Paris  niaii\  so!- 
diers  returning  to  their  homes;  that  f  e  roads  were 
covered  with  detachmen  s  of  the  old  gund  to  he 
amount  o*  two  or  three  thousand — wiio,  upon  being 
addressed  and  entreated  to  return  to  their  posts, 
answered, 
no  more.' 


glory  to  support."  Thev  could  not  he  induced  to 
return;  but  it  is  yet  hoped  tliat  tliey  will  again  :u'm 
and  organize  themselves. 

The  constitution  of  1791  is  again  brought  forward. 
M.  Gamond  wiUi  much  eloquence  and  force  sketch- 
ed the  history  of  France  for  the  last  twent\  five 
years,  hei"  revolutions,  her  wars,  and  governments; 
deprecated  an-oi-chy  and  despotism,  both  of  which 
tliey  had  experienced;  and  concluded  by  saying 
that  France  wished  to  be  free,  that  she  would  be 
free  in  spite  of  all  the  efforts  of  Europe,  and  to 
secure  her  liberties,  proposed  the  immediate  adop. 


theii-  part,  it  is  nothing  but  parade  and  bluster  Sfor 
the  purpose  o''ob'ai,ii.;g  tolerable  lernis.  I  ave  lit- 
t'eho'^'e  of  their  maki  ig  a  firm  and  manly  stand. 
"What,  if  the  g.ivernmen'  with  the  armv  were  to  a- 
b;;ndon  Pari ..''  The  English  barbcU-ians  would  be 
preven*ed  'Vom  b  a-ning  it  by  the  Itnssians.  Could 
tliev  not  stimulate  the  people  oi"  France  to  emul.ite 
theconduct  of tlie  So  nii.ud  ;  o do moie,  to  fall  upon 
their  invaders  and  exterminare  them?  L  was  repor  - 
ted  yesterd,a^■,  that  Boiiapar<e  had  agon  placed  him- 
self at  the  head  of  the  army.  It  is  o'Ticially  made 
known  to-day  that  he  has  taken  his  departure,  or- 


tion  oi  that  constitution.  Another  member  h:id  no  dered  off,  but  to  what  point  is  kept  secret.  It  is 
doubt,  but  that  the  allies  would  respect  their  hide-  probable  lie  is  in  the  city.  Wnere  else  could  he  be 
pendence:  that  he  was  warranted  in  this  ojjinion  by  more  safe?  Is  he  not  hotly  pursued  by  four  packs  of 
the  known  magn.-nimity  of  Alexander,  &.c.  This  the  best-bred  bloodhounds  of  En-ope?  //emayde. 
prod-accd  violent  murmurs.  The  resolution  was  serve  no  pit-. ;  but  far,  verv  far,  are  his  pursuers  from 
committed  to  a  committee  with  no  direction  to  re-  military  honor.  He  a))plied  to  the  government  for 
port.  They  begin  to  be  too  tbnd  of  complimenting  two  frigates,  w'ich  are  ordered  to  be  held  in  readi- 
the  allies;  especially,  when  the  motive  is  so  easily  ness.  He  asked  ov  the  duke  of  Welling- on  a  pat;?, 
seen  through:  It  is  a  mean  and  shallow  arufice. —  port;  this,  on  the  ground  of  want  of  authority,  nas 
Fouche  [Due  d'Otrante]  has  written  a  most  shame-  been  refused. — His  wish  was,  to  transport  liimsel.  to 
ful  letter  to  lord  Wellington:  he  compliments  him  the  United  States.  In  his  fallen  condition,  I  wish  tor 
on  the  fame  he  has  acquired  by  victories  over  the  the  preservation  of  his  life:  certainly,  I  wish  to  Wu 
French — calls  upon  him  to  be  the  advocate  of  their  enemies  no  fiirther  triumph.  Troops  are  constant- 
ant  eresls  in  the  assembty  of  kings,  where  his  influ-  ly  passing  through  the  city;  but,  wjiere  thev  are 
ence  cannot  be  less  than  his  glory;  that  throughout  from  or  where  they  are  going,  it  is  impossible  to 
Europe,  he  is  known  and  honored;  that  the  people, 'learn  They  incessantly  cry  "Vive  f  Empereur-^* 
who  never  flatter  nor  calumni.:te,  proclaim,  tliat  in, but,  the  Nitional  Guard  and  the  citizens  'or  ihe 
all  his  conquests  he  is  guided  by  justice,  and  in  his  most  part  reuiain  silent    Tw»  ar  three  iudividfl^s 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILKS'  REGTS;TKR.— E^^ENTS  TN  PAHIS, 


1(H 


Uave  been  shot  for  crying  "F/^'c  Le  Roi."  If  thev 
li;  d  w.ii'.ed  a  lew  days,  ihey  mig'nt  liuve  been  shoi 
foi-  remain inj^  silent.  I  should  not  be  overw  lelmed 
with  suroiise,  h  bv  that  time  the  welkin  ring  w'v.'.x 
"Vive  Le  lioV 

July  2. — Tiie  city  is  yet  sa^e.  The  enemy  has  not 
ob  ained  po-session.  There  has  br-en  no  s^eiieial 
b  r'.le,  and  we  are  ignorant  oi"llie  staxe  of  the  iieg'o- 
eiation.  Divijipoiined  in  en  ering  by  way  of  Moiit- 
Alartre,  and  fin.liijg-iuiexpec'icd  and  i:i-;urmountable 
ohotacles  in  that  direc.ion,  tliey  Iiave  cros-se  1  t'le 
Seine  some  dis'ar.cebelow,  and  are  now  encamped  at 
^'e;-.s;'iiles.  Skirmislies  take  phice  dail\.  Last  e- 
ve  -■i'li;',  the  Fi  en.ch  succeeded  handsomeiv  in  a  sor- 
tie, and  brong-ht  in  from  12  to  15  iiundrcd  P,  ussim 
horse.  I  cannot  account  for  t'le  delay  that  his  aken 
pi.  ce  in  atiacki-^sr  he  ciiv.  It  uiij^-ht  have  been  en- 
tC'  ed  '\  ithout  difficulty  two  days  ago;  it  wa-;  witnout 
defences  on  tlie  South.  Time  lias  been  of  great  ser- 
vice. Tiie  spirits  of  the  army  and  the  pe-jole  be 'in 
to  rally;  and  tiiere  is  a  chance  th.it  m>-  Lord  Welling- 
ton, iFno'  resc'.ied  by  ;he  R  isslan,-,  may  find  his  sit- 
uation a  lii'le  embarrassing.  But,  tlie  Fre.ic'i  m  ;\' 
not  Wait.  Tney  may  press  a  geiieral  and  immedia'e 
cng..gemenv;  ii.id  it  is  by  no  means  certain  tint  tiiey 


tremble.  It  appears  to  me  in  a  m'litaiy  point  of  view, 
t'uit  r>i)ii;ipar'.e  can  n  ver  be  excused  for  havi-^.^- so 
abrnpth'  abandoned  Ids  armv;  but  for  his  precinita- 
•  ion,  the  rou  e  'vould  not  have  been  so  compleie  or 
fatal  in  its  consequences;  and  vast  numbers  of  his 
troops,  encouraged  by  his  ])resence,  would  have  ral- 
lied and  reorganized  themselves  wiihin  a  few  leagues 
of'the  field  of  baitle.  T^ie  vicor.j  had  suffered  al- 
most as  much -.is  'he  vanquisiied.  Under  such  cir- 
cums'ances,  to  follow  np  success  require?  .i  snleidor 
oi'ge  dous  and  .t.  vii^or  of  cliaracler,  w  \ich  l  iuspect 
do  not  beiontf  to  Welling' on  or  Blicher.  In  twelve 
ir  fourteen  days  the  Pre  ich  have  redeemed  m  ■.ny 
or  their  errois,  and  in  some  ^ort  rep  d  red  vhei  mis- 
fortu  es.  Bonaparte  is  said  to  have  been  much  oc-. 
cunied  before  his  dep  n-ture  from  Nl.dm.iis on,  in  pro- 
CiM'ing  the  bes  works  on  \-uerlca.  Tie  at'eided 
■limselr'to  packing  them  up  and  putting  rliem  in  his 
voiture-;;  discourses  I'reelv  of  his  siu.ition,  e.tp-e-js- 
es  no  re  'Tet  at  renounci.ig  the  busy  world,  and  no 
otiier  de.i-'e  than  lo  spend  :he  reTiunder  of ^ds  1  iV8 
in  the  Uidted  States,  pe.xeablv  among  afree  and  hos- 
pi  .ible  peop'e.  No  vithstanding  all  this,  .m  opi  u)u 
prev  ii.j  .hat  ;e  i-.  sill  in  P  iris. 

Jnly  3. — Lord  Wellington  isreonrtci  to  have  said. 


wi.i^iot  trium])h  over  tlieir  resolute  foes.     Tlie  le  -  in  reply  to  the  leter  of  tlie  due  d'RchTinl,  that   be- 


ter  of  U:,voust  to  the  duke  of  Welling' on  is  manly 
andciierge  ic;  the  .uUuess  of  tiie  legislature  to  the 
people  IS  well  calculated  o  rouse  and  exci  e  tliem. 
AVhy,  it  isa  ked,  is  the  vrar  condnued.'  did   .ot  the 


fire  le  would  agree  to  an  .irmistice,  he  must  receive 
a  decl.iratioii,  sigi^.ed  bv  -ill  the  menibcrj  of  the  sr.)V- 
ernment,  tliat  N  .p  )leon  Bonaparte  had  reallv  taken 
his  departure;  for,  it  was  beiievevd  in  he. al -quarter  -,, 
powers  Oi  Europe  say,  diat  ii  was  only  againsi  Bona- ''  that  he  w  s  s:  ill  Vi'ith  the  armv.  We  are  yet  enti  e- 
pa  e,  liiat  ihej  ,coii,ba>ted,  and  is  i*  known,  tna  he  I  Iv  in  the  dark,  as  to  m  'uy  most  i.^.iportaut  and  in.er- 
l;as  abdicated.''  It  is  plainly  to  bepe.ceived,  tiiat  lesing  poiu'.s.  It  is  said,  tiiat  an  armistice  is  agreed 
the  Boui-bi.ns  c^w  never  succeed  but  by  toreig-n  f  .rce.  ■  on,  and  tha'  it  is  not;  that  the  It  \ssi  ms  h.ive  arrived 
Wiiv  do  .hey  not  indta  e  the  magnanimity  oi  Bona-  and  tliat  thev  ii.ive  not.  I  Mive  just  retnried  '^\'.'>\-\\ 
parte?  (Jod  grant!  that  the  nation  may  scatter  tiiem  oneo  tiie  mmv  rooms  or  hxhjes  on  t'ne  Bouvelards, 
as  chaiT' before  the  wind.  The  army  have  also  ad- i where  the  newspapers  are  read.  The  joirn.d  du 
Pressed  the  government;  tney  denounce  and  reject  Soir  was  exnected  with  much  anxiie'v.  It  arrived, 
that  family.  Ii  is  difficult  at  present  to  say,  by  was  greedd  devoured,  and,  as  usual,  contained  no ili- 
v/hat  part  of  the  nation  they  are  patronized.  Tne  ing.  The  Frencnmen/o'f/.re'/,  is  i "  it  was  an  extra- 
war  of  La  Vendee  is  at  an  end,  .md  novoiceis  r.^i^ed  ordi.iarv  circumstance.  I  asked  -.one  questions  as 
in  their  favorin  his  pi;  ce;  although  their  friends,  to  their  pre^:ent  situation  and  future  prospects 
the  enemies  of  the  co'.mtry,  surround  ar.d  tii  eaten  Thev  weie  all  uninformed,  and  appu'e;itly  indiifer-' 
the  ci>y.  I  havenodoubt  a  g.  eatchar.ge  wid  be  wit-  ent.  I  onglit  not  to  have  counted  on  their  z&d;  at 
nessed,  when  fo  ce,  ioreign  lorce,  sliall  have  given  such  a  time  to  be  lounging  i;i  t!\e  stree'sl  Tns 
nn  occupant  to  the  tJirone.  Bui,  it  is  u  state  of  things  the.itres  are  sdll  open,  bu.  certai.ilv  n.)t  well  at'cn- 
that  cannot  last.  The  very  idea  ol  receiving  a  king  ded.  iiowever,  I  was  in  tiie  g.u-de  i  Tivili  ve",'e  ■  i  iv. 
at  the  n.'.nds  of  the  English  nms',  and  ough;  to,  ren-  Tnere  wasan  iniinense  crowd.  'I'o  seethem  dancinsf, 
der  tiiat  kingodious  o  cvei-y  Fi-eichmaii;  and  twelve  >  -njoyiig  music,  and  amusing  themselve.i  in  a  tir.u- 
mon  lis  will  not  elapse  beibre  iie  is  a  ,ain  a  fiigidve  sand  different  wavs,  vou  \vo  ildliitledrcm  thattlieir 
from,  or  a  victim  of,  their  jus;  rcjentmenr.  Tucp.a-  country  was  invaded,  and  their  celebrated  city  sni- 
pers say  nothi;ig  of 'die  II  isiian.s;  but  it  is  supjxjsed,  rounded  by  unfeeling  and  ferocious  enemies;  bat, 
that  !iev,  the  Bav.  ii.i;s  and  the  pri  icipal  part  oi  vive  la  Bcigatclle,  etjaut  s\imitser;  althoi!;.cii,  t;;e  un- 
the  Austrians,  are  advancing.     The  armistice  effect-',  fortunate  devils  apprehend  sack  from  -.vlMiout  and 


ed   by  the  Due  d'Albufera  (Suciiet)  was,  I  jiresunie, 
but  p.u-tial.     He  is  expected  at  Paris.     An  armisi  ice 
of  three  davs  is  said  to  beagreediipon  bcween  Ec; 
mul   and  Weilin^^ion.     (ieaerals  Gronc  iv  and  Soult 
h,\ve  resigned.     Nodiiig  can  excuse  tlieir  withdraw- 


pill.'ige  from  witlihi.     Tiie  mob,  it  is  said,  (  .i  hough 
I  do  not  observe  it,)  is  kept  down  with   diffical'.y, 
li  is   certaiii,  tiiat  many   thousands  of  tlie   Vttion*! 
(kiard  are  actively  employed  nig  it  .mil  dr  ,   in  p'-e- 
servi -.g  order.     L.uge  bodies  o!"  them   pitrole   the 


in-.r  from  tlie  service  of  the  country  at  this  time,  streets.  Every  public  pli.ce  is  filled 'vith  t'le.n  :  i'; 
T  .e  cause  of  ilieir  displeasure  is  not  known.  No 
donbi,  some  wound  to  personal  vanity.  Tueir  con- 
duct has  produced  no  bad  effect.  Tiie  determina- 
ti-^n  to  deie.  d  he  ci  y  gains  ground— the  .scholars  of 
the  Poly  echnic,  medical,  and  other  schools,  co  .sld- 
er  Oie  numbers  ofdie  n.i.io  lal  guardsof  tiiea'ljaceiU 
towns,  even  the  old  soldiers  'wounded  in  tlie  late 
bl  «)dy  coiffiic  ,  have  pressed  forward  to  the  line.. 
Tiie  imperial  guards  say  in  Hieir  address  to  liiei'ep- 
resentatives,  tiiat,  wiien  succ-jssful,  tiiev  were  mag- 
nanimous and  generous;  if  it  is  the  wi^jli  of  d.eir  en 


Iced,  thev  are  so  tliicklv  planted,  that  you  are  never 
for  a  moment  out  oi  sight  of  a  bayonet.  Tnis,  but 
'lot  on  the  same  extent,  is  the  case  in  London.  A 
Vurietv  of  devices  are  fallen  iipcn,  in  order  to  deceive 
liie  peo;)le  as  io  the  real  object.  Soldiers  are  ;•- 
lioned  every  where;  ;md  an  old  rusty  c.iiinon  not 
worth  a  cen',  will  serveas  an  apology  for  a  guard  of 
ten  or  a  dozen  armed  men.  Tiieatres,  museums, 
jails,  paJ.ice»,  &c.  &c.  allfimish  the  same  kind  of 
excuse.  The  change  of  tone  that  is  taking  place 
hourly,    i.-;  pitiful  and  pitiable.     A  few   >veeki  a.q 


emies,  in  diereveises  they  experience,  to  humble  j'Jiey  were  again  to  plait  liieir  eagles  triumi);iantly 
tliem,  tiey  know  how  to  die.  Tliecourage  of  pat-  in  distant  i)artso:  Euiope.  Aninvadingfoe  'was  out 
TiQiism  and  ihe  heedlessness  o.-  despdr  may  .e'.  ex  |of  ne  question:  desirucdon  would  be  ,lie  instan.  ef- 
Mibii  a  »ceie  so  terrible,  ag  to  mrJke  their'  iuvadersitCQt  ot  sacli  teujci-ity,    TUen,  tney  xy^re  t«  a^j^ead 


io^ 


Supplement  to  niles-  register— events  in  patii's> 


ihfir  inflepenrlencetotbelastextremitv:  no  g^overn- 
■lent  "shoi'M  he  imposed  upon  them:    ahove  all,  TjOU- 
5s  18th  M-finld  never  be  received.     Now,  they  are  a- 
fr  id  to  risque  a  hattle;  thev  feai*  for  I'.iris,    Ibrn-e' 
Prauice,  and  ahandon  all  principle.     Paris  i.s  too  fine 
<a  ritvtobe  touched  by  rude  and  hostile  hand.s — ';o, 
i  Roman  arm"  was  diseraced.  because  the  soldiers 
were  ainrmed  at  *he  idea  ofhavinaf  their  pre'ty   fa- 
ces scratched.     T!iis  splendid  toy  must  be  nre.served 
at  <he  CTTiense  of  thehumili   ^ion  and  slavery  of  the 
mation!  God  grant!  that  tlic  United  States  mav  never 
hare  a  Psris;  no,   nor  a  pfrnnd  and  mag'nificcnt  city 
If  a  s+andinjrarmvdo  not  entirely  destroy  that  ,spii"it 
"w'irh  is  nece.ssary  to  the  defence  of  a   country,  a 
London  or  a  Paris  will.     'Wliat!  defend  freedom  and 
•the  soil  at  theexnense  of  palaces  and   statue-*,    .and 
pictures,  and  plate,  and  windo'v-prlass.'     A    parisian 
publishes  to  the  world,  that  if  it  enter  into  the  views 
e^'Wellip 7-ton  andBlucher  to  place  ovei-them  T^ouis 
18th  or  VaTjoleon  2d.  prince  Charles  or  Bernidotte 
the  due  d'OHeans  or  duke  of  Gloucester,  the  can't 
help  themselves;  that  the\'  have  nothiiig'  to  relv  on 
but  the  moderation  of  their  enemies      Wfiere  are 
their  25  millions  of  inhabitants?     The  covernment 
has  held  more  manly  lansT'iae'e.     Count  Tiuhodeaux, 
after  depictinir  M'ith  mucli  force  and  eloquence  the 
monstrous  conduct  of  the  nlliet;,  and  theutifortunare 
fiituption  of  the  CMuntrv,  concluded  bv  sa\"in!^.  "but 
5f  France  has  heretofore  rejected  all  chiefs  hostile  to 
he'"  rio^hts,  what  indiq-natjon  otigfht  siie  not  to  mani- 
fest towards  hirn,  who,  a  derl-irefl  euemv  to  the  sov- 
ereirntv  of  t-He  neonle.  is  plnced  on   the  tin-one  by 
f;->  -ei'-rn  armies;  tramn'ino"  over  the  de-Kl  bodies  of 
frenchmen,  and  c  i'"''^-inr>'  fire  and  sword  and  destruc- 
tion among-  their  fields  and  villag-es.     Then  it  is, 
that  divisions  will  disapnear:  tliat  all  Frenchmen, 
•worthy  of  the  name,    embracing,*  the  sacred  cause   of 
their  count rv,  will  has^^en  on  theda\'  of  her  deliver- 
»rce  from  the  discrraceful  voice  which  sliclias  been 
doomefl  to  bear.     We  read  in  all  liistories,  particu- 
larly in  our  own,  of  princes  who  have  conquered  a 
throne  bv  their  o%\"n  personal  valor,  aided  bv  a  portion 
ef  the  people.     These  enterprises  h.ave  never  been 
humili'i'^ing-.  They  mav  be  considered  nsfamilvdis 
sensions.     The  gloiy  of  the  conc[ucror  i;  a  patrimo- 
ny, common  to  the  conquered;  but,  what  ai-e  tlie  par- 
ties interested  in  the  stnig-.sfle,  of  which  France  has 
been  the  theatre  for  the  last  twenty-five  years.'    O-i 
the  one  hand,  the  nation;  on  theother,  apriviled;:^ed 
©rder.     In  saying-  so,  do  we  imprise   on  France,  on 
Europe,  on  the  world.''     Tell  us  then,  wliy  this  partv 
has  alwavs  been  subdued  by  the  for-e  of  the  nation, 
whei  thev  have  pvesente<l  themselves  alone  in   the 
lists.'     Tell  us,  why  the\  have  never  triumphed,  btr 
when  they   have  been   sustained   by    foreicj-n    aid  .'' 
Tell  us,  if  they  succeeded  in  1315  by  tlieir  own  prop- 
er force,  or  by  that  of  600,000  eneiuies;  if,  wjien  no 
Ioniser  thus  sustained,  tliey  did  not  fall  into  insig-- 
wificance,  without  having-  opposed  the  least  resist- 
ance,  without  a  single  individual  havinr;-  perished 
ii  combat  either  for  or  against  them?     Tell  us,  even 
BOW,  when  they  are  preparing  a  bloody  triumph,   if 
they  are  not  preceded  by  the  armies  of  all  Europe, 
in  whose  train  they  follow.  Sic.''     Unfortunate  man! 
Hiiserable  nation!  A'  the  moment  of  tliis  patriotic 
ebullition,  force  had  settled  the  destinies  of  France: 
An  armistice  or  rather  a  capitulation  is  agreed   on. 
It  will  be  made  public  to-mori'ow- 

July  4. — The  anniversary  of  American  indepen- 
dence is  the  day  of  French  subjection.  I  most  ear- 
nestly tioped,  that  the  4th  of  July  would  have  been 
to  France  also  a  day  of  deliverance  from  bondage; 
but,  the  army  yields  without  a  strug.^le,  and  the 
•up  of  hunili  Ltion    must  be    drained    to    the  ver 


seem  to  have  been  consulted.  T'le  whole  bnsincs?^ 
which  probably  decides  tiic  po!i:ic.il  fite  of  r.iiil i^risf 
of  human  beiags,  has  been  arranged  siciDulam  ariem, 
by  a  few  ob.scure  fello-.vs  ve.stcd  wiiii  full  powers  \r/ 
tlie  respec.ive  commanders  -of  the  Prussian,  a'ld 
Frencli,  and  Englisii  bayonets.  They  have  ag.-eed 
on  eigliteen  articles,  the  number  of  our  stales,  .md 
like  our  toasts,  were  'prepared  Ir.' a  committee  Us-t 
eveungand  iiave  been  swai  lowed  tod  fv!  H.r.v  dif- 
ferent i:i  all  other  respects  from  the  feast  oi"  reus.v.i 
and  tlie  fio'vv  of  soul,  whicli  take  place  with  us 
on  that-iiacred  day!  surely  an  Americui  caaiii->v  ex-, 
nit  in  the  degradation  of'any  connrrv — above  ;,11,  i.i 
•  he  misfortunes  of  Fi-ancc;  she  aided  us  in  ttie  iioly 
cause  of  our  independence,  againsLthat  goverr.-ac:!E. 
vliich  has  led  the  van  in  the  destrucaoa  of'  all  li';c- 
ral  prlaciples,  and  which  in  re,gard  to  herself  ius 
been  but  too  succe.ssful  (for  the  moment  only,  Lhopc 
and  believe)  in  inipo.si'ig  tipon  lier  ch.iim,  wiiich 
nuiRt  be  thrown  otf,  and  indignation,  whicirougui  ty 
be  avenged. 

I  cannot  go  regularly  througli  the  article.^.  I*,  is 
sufficient  to  say,  that  thev  provide  for  an  armislii-e, 
for  the  reaiov.ii  of  tiie  I''re.ic!i  araiies  beyond  t;ie 
Loire,  for  the  safetv  of  P.iri.s,  and  the  preservraoiv 
of  both  private  and  public  pi-oper'y.  'Hie  Tluiilio- 
ries,  the  Louvre,  the  chamber  oftiie  rep -e.i^ntaTive.i, 
the  halls  of  justice,  and  the  iibrarie.s  are  not  to  {■>% 
burnt. 

Much  disaJTection  prevails;  some  of  the  i;npe;-i;d 
guardcame  into  the  restaurateur's  where  (  w  ,.s  di;j- 
ing  with  thi-ee  other  .\merican.s.     One  of  tiiem  saIiI, 
"we are  betrayed;  I  have  had  this  muslcet  :ind   this 
knapsack  on  my  b-.'ck  for  eighieen  dv  s;  imd  wc  ^rc 
not  permitted  to  fi.ght;  we  are  given  up  by  cowardly 
officers."     Hearing  us  spe.ak  Fiigiish,   they   bcc:imj 
ve;-y  much  cnr;iged;   but  i.minc'liiUcly  iieicolving  the 
cockade  on  one  of  our  hat.s,  thev  c.mc    to   us   and 
sutl;  "For  a  moment  they    iiad    believed  we  were 
Englishmen;  -hey  nov;- knew  us  to  be  Aniericaiis; 
they  begged  our  pardon  for  the  mistake."     One  of 
them,  an  oflicer  and.i  rel.uion  of  Cirnoc,  said,  ")ou 
arc  citizens  of  a  free  countr;-;  yoii  belong  to  a  brave 
nation;  vou  have  not  bcendi  ^honored  by  the  I'p.giis^i. 
I  will  instantly  go  to  tiie  L'niied  Sates.     Friuce  \i 
sacrificed  to  Parij;   L.iC  people  to  tiie  cowirds,  w'u) 
inhabit  it."     We  he;U'  nothin.g  as  vet  of  "t'tve  la  ni."' 
The    royalists   siirink    from     observation;  altiiougli 
backed  by  all  Europe,  they  are  .if.-;iid   to  come  out; 
so  far  from  It,  the  tri-colored  fi.i.g  still  {loat.s,  .and 
the  Trailleurs  or  Fcd-'-.^i,  parade  thestrect.s,  crying 
out,  "vive  Cempercur,"  "vLva  la  Kbcrtc!  !  We  walk- 
ed in  the  evening  to  the  palais  royal;  it  wai  closed 
on  our  return.     V/e  obseiwed,  that   all  the  cotice- 
houses  were  shut  up,  and  tlie  IJoulevards,  wliere  -i.su- 
allv  Ivandreds  of  tlie  beau  monde  resorr,  ab;mdo;ied. 
\  renort  prevailed  that  .general  Vand  imme  had  re- 
fused to  obey  the  terms  of  capitul.ation;   it  was  ap- 
prehended, witli  liis  corps,  and  perhaps  followed  by 
the  whole  armi-,  he  might  pass  tlirou.gh    the  ci<;'. — 
This  accounted  for  the  desertion  oftlic  public  places. 
I  returned  to  my  lodgings  about  Ii;df  ul'ter  10.     ll  is 
now  11  and  all's  well. 

Julv  5. — It  seems  from  tlie  papers  of  to-d.ay,  that 
a  dreadful  commotion  was  apprehended  last  ni,Q;i)t. 
Thev  state  the  firing  of  cannon  and  of  thousands  of 
muskets,  tlie  appearance  of  gi-oups  of  a.gitators  ut- 
tering cries  of  rage  and  mciiace,  women  tremblinj 
and  petrified  with  fear;  in  imagination,  the  city  al- 
ready in  flames  and  giinn  up  to  pillage.  I  saw  nodi- 
ing  of  this;  but  that  it  was  perceived  by  those  wi)0 
ran  into  their  houses  and  barricaded  the  dooi-s  and 
windows,  I  have  no  doubt.  The  national  g-uurds 
roll  about  uie  ,i.eets,  like  a  parcel  ol' droits,  very 


itrogg.      I«Ieitlier  the  governiBetit  stor  tfie    jmtio^jj  iierae,  wh<ei-e  tiiere  ib  jie  cUn^er,.    Tij/  vj'oald  pop 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES>  REGISTSR— E\ENT3  IN^PA?%raf. 


ioi 


v*u  »flP a  ])oor  devil  in  a  moment,  who  drank  iiiscof-  locks?"  may  not  the  representath-©'  afthe  peoplrf 
feeoutofasi'icer  in.itc.id  of  u.  cup;  bu  aa  to  meet- jsliake  off'the  duit  ot"  this  uinvorthy  c.ty  from  tiieir 
ins?  uie  encmr,  th;.ti;  aUoiiiccitLdr.     Tiieonly  fear  fec.eiect  tlie  sUnd;u-d  of  the  nation  i.^' the  midst  of 


now  is,  thiit  liie  invaders  may  be  opposed— the  g'l-eat 
e/To;-t  is,  to  keep  down  cverr  sentiment  of  pau-iot- 
isni.  TS'.e  cnirv  OT  mv  lord  Weliing-lon,  and  .lis  ex- 
cellencv  ]Uuch'cr,  wiil  be  co'isidered  as  a  grand  spec- 
tacle—and  i  believe  in  my  soul  merely  in  that  point 
of  view,  an,  circa. ns;ance  ihiit  shoild  prevent  it, 
wouid  produce  "re^-t  cliagrin  and  disappointment.— 
Th''  ci'.izens  are  preparing'  for  the  sho^.v.  wi'Ji  much 
auxietv;  and  of  beau;v,  fashion,  paint,  laceiuid  pow- 
de.-,  g-reat  will  he  the  di-plav.  In  the  me  in  ume,the 
g-enius  of  ihe  Abbe  Sie*  es  seems  to  be  revived,  and 
.  liic  ieg-isl.uure  prepare,  and  i?ive  to  die  world  with 
jyi-eat  solemnii',',  tue  most  adiuirable  specimens  of 
bills  of  ri.;htd',conssitutijns,  and  luws.  What  an 
ia;,''enion3  contrivance 'o  arrest  the  enemy?  Tne  a'- 
te npt  in..de  by  the  N.tchcz  Indians  .o  save  their 
burnin..(  lemples,  by  c^nnmittinj  tlieir  ciildrento 
the  flumes,  was  not  more  preposterous.  Tney  s.iv, 
hovevcr,  that  Ihe.dlies  will  not  interfere  furtlier  in 
their  internal  affairs— and  this,  I  suppose,  is  by  way 
ef  exercivini;- their  privilege;  or  a])prehensiye  that 
tlicvmay,  they  wish  to  make  good  use  of  their  time. 
Tiiepriiiciples  they  announce  are  for  the  most  part 
unexcenlionable.  For  insumce,  they  repeat  wiiat 
tlicv  have  si  id  in  half  a  dozen  constitutions  before 
— riiat  all  power  emanates  from  the  people,  that  they 
shoidd  be  represented,  that  the  press,  speech,  and 
religion,  shall  be  free,  &c.  Bat  to  what  does  all  this 
anioanl?  Louis  13th  says,  that  ne  is  the  legitimate 
king;  he  Vlmighty  has  made  him  so,  and  he  asks 
no  ravors,  that  France  is  his  patrimony,  and  Frencli 


he  people,  and  call  upon  them  to  raUv  around  it, 
IS  they  love  their  country,  exult  in  her  reputation, 
or  value  til eir  own  rights?  these  steps  might  even 
now  be  taken;  they  ought  to  be  taken;  tti^y  would 
becro»vned  with  triumph. 

July  6. — This  day,  the  barriers  of  the  city  were 
according  to  contract,  delivered  up  to  the  allies.  I 
rode  out  TO  one  of  the  gates:  there  was  a  great 
crowd;  I  discovered  nohing  likelevitv,  a  good  deal 
)f  iiiuifference — but  the  prev.iiling  sentiment  wa» 
me  of  mingled  mortification  md  indignation.  The 
•ed  coats  showed  no  exultation.  I  sometimes  thought 
hey  seemed  ashamed  of  their  errand.  There  is  no 
coniparison  be  ween  them  and  tiie  French  soldierys 
t.ie  latter  a  e  mucli  finer  men;  their  dress  infinitely 
uetter.  Tie  women,  struck  with  (is  it  appea'-ei 
to  them)  ne  ridiculousness  of  the  costume  jf  t  leir 
visitors,  exclaimed  in  passing  them,  ''ynon  Dieuf 
quid  tourimre!"  We  have  alwavs  been  taught  by 
tue  Bnglisn  to  believe,  and  ,ve  received  our  educa- 
tion entirely  from  them,  that  the  French  were  a 
nation  of  fops  and  peti-s  maitres,  The  reverse  is 
the  fact;  the  men  (hess  wi  h  much  plainness  and 
neatness,  the  women  with  unrivalled  elegance;  tiieir 
tuste  is  exquisite.  Paris  does  not,  I  am  sure,  nor 
probably  does  the  world  beside,  contain  so  laugha- 
ble an  animal  as  a  Bond  street  beau,  in  lee-d  it  djes 
not  stop  there;  the  m.miaof  fantastic  accoutrement 
iias  seized  on  the  whole  Bull  f  imily. 

Tiie  most  perfect  tranquility  reigns  in  the  capi* 

jial.     All  fears  of  commotion  have  vanquished.  T'le 

menliis  people.     To  prove  tne  trudi  of  tlteir  prin-  French  plenipotentiaries,  sent  to  trcit  wi.;h  the  i-e- 


ciples,  they  shew  a  piece  of  paper;  to  prove  tiie 
truth  of  his,  he  points  to  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
B -itish  and  Cossack  bayonets.  That  tlie  represen- 
t-.i  •  ives  are  devoted  to  tiie  interests  of  Prance,  and  of 
liberty,  tiiere  is  no  room  to  doubt.  The;,'  have  adopt- 
ed a  resoUiLion,  notv/ithstanding  the  presence  of  the 
enemv,  to  rem>iin  at  their  post,  to  support  the  tri- 
coiored  flag,  Si c.  and  nave  proinulged  a  series  of 
wise  and  patriotic  d;.'clara'.ions.  In  reading  them 
theutmo.st  enthusias;:!  prev;iiled;  tliey  were  carri- 
ed tinaniuiodsly,  and  by  acclamation. 

Very  liberal  intentions,  are  attributed  to  their  in- 
vaders; they  are  vo  i  espect  the  existing  autiioriiiei; 
they  are  to  be  silent  as  to  the  future  government. — 
Thiis,  they  yet  del\ide  themselves  with   Vain  hopes. 
They  are,  however,  worthy  of  our  admirauon  for  tlie 
consistency  of  their  views.     I':  was  not  the    tyrant 
Bonaparte,' but  Bonapatte  the  supposed  friend  to  the 
liberty   and    independence  of  France,  whom  a  i'QW 
weeks  ago  they  supjiorted.     Tiiey  now  tly  to  a  con- 
stitution and  to  laws.     Bonaparte  could  not  support 
tiieir  independence,  whatever  miglit  have  been  the 
fateof  ti>eir  libertie.';  and   without  independence, 
what  can  be  expected  from  laws  and  a  constitution? 
no  voice  is  yet  raised  among  them  in  favor  of  Loui;. 
They  voted  dieir  declarauons  amidst  shoutuof  "'iiit^c; 
la   nation,"   "vive  la    liberte,  ^'vive  I'itidepencience." 
The  wiiiie  flag  already  waves  in  some  parts  of  the 
soutli,  and  tlie  superanuated  royalists    are   furbish- 
ing up  their  rusty  embroidered   coats   imd  cocked 
hats;  ;o  we  shall  have  soon  another  dream  of  ueatli, 
and  'he  Ghosts  oftheoiden   time  are  again  for   a 
wiiile  to  figure  on  the  stage.     But,  is  this  absolutely 
certain?  may  not  iiccidents  occui' and  contingencie) 
ari.ie?  mav  not  the  army  behind  tiie  Loire  with  some 
strongly  fortified  towns  or  impregnable  positions  be 
seized   upon   by  an   indignant  yeomanry,  stay  the 
overwhelming  flood  of  debasement  whicli  threatens 


spectlve  belligerent  sovereigns,    iiave   returned  — 
Tiiey  all  refuse  to  negociate.     They  must  again  lay 
their  wise  heads  most  affectionately    together  — 
flow  long  the  honey-moon  of  these  lovers  will   con- 
tinue, remains  to  be  seen.     I  cannot  help  thinking. 
However,  that  the  public  and  frequent  exhibition   of 
tiieir  mutual  ardors  is  becnming  rat'ier  disgusting, 
Fouche  has  been  with   Wellington  and  Blucher.— . 
4Ie   wa«  well  received,    al' hough    Ids    observation 
gave  great  offence   to  the  d'Ae   D'Artois,  who  was 
also  present.  He  (Fouche)  said,  !-that  France  would 
never  consent  to  tlie   restoration  of  the    Bourbons 
wi-.h  tiieir  ibrnier  notions  of  government;  that  sne 
would  not  return  to  the  state  or"  things  which  exist. 
ed  prior  to  the  revolution;  that,  she  would  not  give 
up  all  the  advantages   for  whicli  she  had   so   lo  ig* 
siruggled."     That  two  generals  protested   against 
any  intentions,  on  the  part  of  their  masters,  to  die- 
cate  a  government  to  the  French  people.    The  Pru.'*- 
sian  is  said  to  have  declared  that  he  would  not  hesi- 
tate to  protect  the  existing  authorities.    But  against 
whom?  against   Louis?  No,   against  all   those  wh» 
might  end.iuger  their  safety  and  tiiat   of  Paris,  hy 
manifesting  too  strong  feelings  in  their  present  iiu.ni. 
bied  degraded  state.     Fouche  has  a  difficult  part  to 
play.     If  the   nation   m;ike  fufther  resistance,  and 
do  not  prevail,  he  loses  his  mealth;  but,  then  Louis 
IBdi  comes  in  on  his  own  terms,  and  probably  ne 
loses  his  head.     As  the  Lord's  anointed  promises— 
"J\Im    qui    n'ui  Jamais  pvomis  en   vain"-~i<»   except 
from  his  gracious   pardon,  the    instigatars    and  au- 
thors of  Ltie  late  horrible  conspiracy,  of  the  nu  nbci* 
of  which  unfortunate  gentleman,  the  duke  d'Otran- 
te  is  one,  his   money  is    to    tiim    what  Paris  is    tr> 
France.     If  he  can  save  that  and  iiis  head,  he  would 
little  care  by  what  means.     Cut  the  king  nerer  pro- 
mises in  vain.     Tlie  only  chance  then  is,   to  induce 
tlie  allies  to  take  no   part,    ut  oppose  die    Boarb nn^ 
Witwk *«.t*l«l  be/ct  dene  7nU».  swcc<;»s,  or  to  compel 


104 


SUPPL"EMENT  TO  NILES'  KEGTSTETl— EVENTS  IN  PARIS. 


him  to  agree  to  terms.  Louis,  aided  by  tlie  royal- 
j«'.s  alii  e,  v\ould  be  iiistanih  driven  oatot"tlie  coim- 
tr-  TiiC  ainiy  loiitii  him,  and  is  svill  luiinei-ous. — 
Lecoubie  is  al  tl.eheadoi  70  or  Sl/.JUO  men;  tue 
remnant  o.  lionaparte'.s  late  comm..nd  is  ..bout  tiie 
Slime  ill  amount;  and  Sucliet  has  under  iiim  be.  ween 
15  and  20,OuO.  And  vviieie  are  liie  troojjs  ot  me 
Uourbon?  He  has  none,  excepi  perhaps  *  majoriu 
0!  .lie  na  ionul  guard,  the  slK)p-kee])ers  of  Pa;  is.  1. 
is  witii  ^reat  difficulty  the  Fede.es  oi'  the  city  can 
be  kept  down,  although  unarmed,  and  the  peasan- 
li'v  in  many  ot  tne  provinces  can  sc.a-cely  be  pre- 
vented tVom  falling  upon  the  royalists  wlieuever 
thev  present  them,  eives.  Under  uch  circumscan- 
te.<',  tlien,  the  present  govcriimeni  will  -.ei  him  <u 
defuuice,  or  torce  iiim  to  accep.  whatever  cons. itu- 
tiontiiey  may  preseni.  Bui,  I  luive  no  ho]3esof  he 
neutrality  oi  theallie.--,  bee, use  1  u.ve  no  cuuMence 
in  the  honor  of  tl»e  cuntederaie  kings.  ^  Tuey  tuM, 
thev  (In  iiiu^ri'ere;  they  will  bring  the  seli'-suled  iiio- 
naich  and  the  whole  family  nlong  with  them;  t'ro.n 
the  midst  oi  their  camp,  he  announces  the  jnincipie 
ot  the  lei,itiniacy  ot  sovereigns  as  tliC  only  basis  of 
soiidorder,  and  asserts  tha  it  is  proclaimed  by  the 
whole  01  Eiu'ope.  What  is  to  be  the  resuh?  sub- 
niisj>ion  to  a  tool  ot  England — or  a  civil  Wur,  which 
wckening  France,  may  suit  her  purposes  as  well. 

Ney  has  left  Paris;  it  is  said,  with  tiic  intention 
of  going  to  the  Uiii  ed  States.  Bou.tparte  pu.  sues 
Ins  route  co  Rocheile.  Orders  are  given  to  all  Bri- 
tisii  vessels  to  intercept  lii.u  on  his  passage  to  A- 
tntricu.  Finding  himseli  tims  nuiited,  and  the  con- 
di.ions  oi'  his  ubtlic.aion  viola  ed,  may  ue  not  return 
to  the  Loire?  D.ivoust  is  about  lo  repair  to  Orlems, 
tltcreto  esiablisu  his  iiead  quarters.  May  its  name 
be  a^•ain  idustrated  by  ihe  destnictioii  of  insolenc 
invaders!  To  the  Engli-sh  there  i,-.  something  omi- 
310US  ofevil  about  ii;  betueen  three  aivl  i';ur  iiun- 
-dred  years  ago,  iliey  found  it  so  on  tue  bL^uks  of  the 
'l^oire,  and  again  very  recently  on  those  of  the  Mis- 

aisaippi. 

Julv  7. — On  this  day  the  capital  of  France  yielded 
mp  its'  independence  and  its  rej)uUtion  without  a 
struggle;  and  this  day  six  ye.a's  p,.s.,  the  trophies  of 
Wagram  seemed  to  have  placed  tlie  milicary  char- 
ge er  of  he  Frencii  beyond  me  eifec  s  of  change  or 
i®liaiice. — Of  die  heroes  of  tint  memoranie  bat  le, 
BoUc.pare  is  an  out-law;  Bernadutie,  an  alien,  AL.c- 
donald,  an  exile,  Marmoui,  denouncedas  a  traitor, 
and  Masscmi,  commander  of  u  puirole. 

•Tlielast  act  of  the  piece,  I  do'ut  Iciovv  wiiat  to 
*name  it,  is  now  under  represeiila  ion.  Tne  Pruss- 
ians ill  great  iorce  iiave  entered  and  marched  througii 
theci  v,  with  swords  drawn,  gun.>  chai-ged  and  mai- 
elies  lighted.  Woe  bedde  tlie  uut.icky  wight  wno 
looks  awry!  One  uf  thediagoons  wim  hi..  mu.ske 
cocketl  pursued  a  poo;  dtvii,  wiio  Hed  into  uie  crowd 
ibr  i-etuge,  pressing  andge  vingbeidnd  an  Anieric.n 
gentleman  and  uiyscif  Me  w.is  upon  he  point  ot 
tiring,  and  1  suoutd  probably  iiave  received  /iiy  death 
aX.  tlie  hands  oi  a  two  penny  cut  uiroat  ,coand.'ei  in 
veginienta  s.  They  proceeded  o  he  thuiileiie ., 
turned  oul  the  piovisioual  goveriinieiit  necii  and 
heels,  ouk  poi9es5i(.,n  ot  lie  La.ve;nourg  wiiere  ne 
peers  were  siuing,  planted  c.tiinon  on  tiie  bridge), 
aiid  a  few  hours  .uranged  and  si.t  led  ever\  tning. 
In  18od,  the  Frencirp.iraded  in  triumph  tiie  street:- 
of  iieri.n,  and  recre.ited  liicm  elvca  iij  the  p.ilace 
and  gardens  of  Poizdam  and  Sans-Souci.  '  Even 
handed  justice  now  coui.iiends  me  poisoned  cuaiicc 
to  tueir  own  lips,"  and  tne  Prussian  e.xuhingly  tram- 
ple .  over  .heir  capital,  poutites  uieir  m.igiiihcent  e- 
ditice:j,  and  i  itle ;  tue  s\\  ee.s  o.  iie  e'-.cii.4i,.ed  ujwe. , 
«f  St.  Cloud,  Yerswllesj  und  the  caumps  Ely  sees. 


HoAV  the  Frer.ch  conduc.cd  themselves.  I  know  m'^ 
uu;,the  con  empu.oua  and  iiioUiang  looks  oi  ti,e 
Prussians  were  insutier.tbie;  be  ides  lui.s,  die  brutal- 
ity  Oi  tiieir  condtict  in  riLiin^  among  gi'oups  o/  men, 
xvouien  and  cmidren,  and  cracking  witut.eir  wuip^s 
ti.e  Horses  and  aiivers  of  carriages  passing  them! 
Never,  no  never,  ougliia  wre  cii  to  be  ibigiven,  \vi>» 
e.evates  hinioeir  In  iiiliicungon  ids  couiRiy,n;uiuu- 
.Ltion  so  bi  ter,  and  ui.^grace  so  deep,  iicrlm,  and 
Vienna  ami  .vlo  cow,  ai.d  Warning  on  were  taiieri  by 
eneu.ies;  t'Afse  were  suojcccs  o  regret,  but  not  of 
morahcation;  bu  ,  Paris  is  insulted  and  derided  by 
her  f  lends,  by  Louis  Le  He  ire,  aud  horde,  Oi  aifec- 
tionate  Englishmen  .uid  ll.issians.  Ait  ougli  their 
capitaib  feii,  Prussia,  and  A- istriu,  and  It  is.,i;i,  and 
America,  vajuoitly  and  successfully  oppo.,cd  die  u-e^ 
btii,  France  sinks  witu  Pan:;,  is  even  coiupciitid  t» 
same  in  her  agony,  and  kiss  the  iiands  vvincu  uiilict 
on  Iter  blood}  and  indelible  stripes. 

July  8.— Tiie  cuainber  of  peers  convened  as  usual 
on  die  Tdi.  Tuey  had  under  considera.ion  a  decla- 
ration o,  certain  pnncipies  of  government,  wnieh 
nad  been  adopte  :  by  me  represcnta  ive.i,  and  pi-e- 
sen  ed  to  tiiC  allied  sovereigns  u_v  a  comiuittte,  co.n- 
posedot  M.  M.  La  Fayetie  and  diree  others.  Tae 
due  de  Dantzic  (Letebvre,  I  bciieve,)  siatied,  t;j..t 
t  e  garden  or  the  Luxeaibiag  Aas  occupied  n^-  Prus- 
sian troops;  tuis  was  con  rary  to  die  conv^e.iiitju;  Jie, 
therefore,  proposed  me  appointmen  oladeputalion 
to  demand  an  expian  tion  from  Blucher.  Whilst 
other  members  were  vcrj  innoce;i(  ly  expressing 
tiieir  astonishment  at  chis  eveni,  a  message  was  an- 
nounced from  ilie  provisional  guveimuent;  its  con- 
leius  were  as  follow: — -Mr.  Presidaiu — Uniii  nig 
moment,  we  had  reason  to  o«iieve  iiiai  tne  *liied, 
sovereigns  were  no.  unaniiuon ,  as  to  the  choice  of  a 
prince  wno  suould  reign  over  Fiance.  Our  pieiif.o- 
tentiaries  on  their  return  had  given  us  tne  same  .as- 
surances. NcvertiieleLjs,  the  nduate.  s  and  geiier.dg 
ot  tlie  allied  powers  have  deciaied  yesterday,  tnat 
all  the  allied  sovereigns  had  entered  i.i.oan  eng..ge- 
meu.  to  replace  Louis  IStti  on  t  .e  throne;  and  .nut 
lie  would  make  his  eulr;^  into  me  capital  this  even- 
ing or  lo-morrow.  Foreign  troops  now  occujiy  the 
huilleries  wiiere  the  provisional  govenimcat  .3it. 
Under  these  circumstances,  we  can  do  no  more  ih  a\ 
otter  up  prayers  for  the  Happiness  o(' our  countryj 
aad,  as  our  deliberations  are  no  longer  tree,  wc  deem 
it  our  duty  to  separate." — Signed  Foucne,  (tluc  'd- 
Otraate,)  comit  (Jreiiicr,  Qiiinetie,  Oaraot,  (Jauiia- 
court  (due  de  Vicea^^a.)  Tne  members  listened  t» 
die  reading  oi  liieii  deaui-xrari'ant  wjla  irmch  calm- 
ness, subniii.ted  to  their  tae  and  dis[)ersed.  Not 
so  in  the  house  oi  re|>resencative3.  Tiiey  heard  uie 
m.issage  with  much  iadigaanon:  >l.  Manaei,  » 
,  ouag  man  of  muca  aieru  anil  eloquence,  mounted 
Liie  iribunai  he  iaveigned  ag.dnst  tae  treachery  and 
iiijnstice  of  the  ail  es,  protested  against  tlieir  con- 
duct, and  concluded  in  repea  tW]^  tiie  sublimesend- 
meai  or  Mirabe.ai.  "We  sit  here  by  the  will  of  uie 
people,  and  uotiiing  but  the  power  of  the  bayonet 
shall  tlrive  us  iicncc."  General  Sebastiaaa  and  ma- 
ns other  members  evinced  the  same  determination, 
io  submit  bu,  to  iorce.  'I'ae  next  morning  agreeab- 
ly to  adjourameat,  taey  repaired  to  tiicir  cnamber.. 
■['i.e  avenue  were  garded  i)^-  armed  nien,  the  doors 
cio..ed,  aiid  tlie  'nemoers  given  to  understand  by  the 
iiticers,  thattiiey  aad  received  lormai  orders  not  to 
,)ermit  liieiU  to  enter.  Tliey  tiien  repaired  to  die 
nouse  of  M.  L^nj  linais,  tlie  Prciideat,  signed  a  pro- 
cet  vei-bal  Oi  tne.'se  circamstances,  aad  re  ired,  eacfe 
lis  jcveral  wa)';  "tae  worid  before  them,  wnere  t» 
c  oose,  iuid  providence  heii' guide"  Tiiustermin* 
aies    the   short  Bonjiparteaii   {fovernineiiiL  ©flty,^. 


SU?PL>::^,1ENT  'fO  NlLf-^j'  PvEGIBTE^— ?.V!-:NTS  IN  PAf.IS. 


iQu 


•lliat  t'le  repi*cseut.itives  have  dispkyeil  macli  t.dent  led  stand.  You  wU]  follow,  reluctrin'tiv,  t'lerile  fl- 
uiivl  eiiex-y;, ,  c„!iiiOt  bedciiitd.  'S'.icy  certu,i;.!y  ni.i  le  .ampie  oi"  Pruis  aad  of  Ije  n-.uijna!  j;u,u-d.— I.idceil 
u  iioid  ST  and  when  tiiey  ccnpe  led  N.4K)!eoa  to  re-jvou  look  around  for  support  in  vArr,  itie  rep 
sii;-!i.  They  thought  in  this  way  to  deprecate  the.tives  ot  the  people  dis;)e;sed,  he  president  of  .lie 
vvratliof  tli.l-  enendc->:  UiCy  have  disc;^vered  tIitii-jproviaion:i!  g-overniTieat  uni.ir.g-  witii  trie  oppreasoi-s 
enor;  but  ul  too  Lite  i.u  iiour.     Tiielj-  aiiuuiion  h:\A  oi  tlie  counii-}',  aoandoned  l>\-  voui-  c.iiefa,  }.>a  imva 

"o  oilier  aitLTiictive,  but  subuiissioa.  You  area; 
tills  moment  suiTouiuled  bv  enemies,  too  nuineruius 
lo  be  ojjpo^iKl.  Tiie  Prussian  ^rm-  isas  lef  P^ris  to 
w.itch  your  rr.ovements;  and  tiie  \vhoie  cou-itry.  in 
;.oduiig-  but  a  ca;np,  filled  with  Uusidans,  E:i;j^lisl!, 
Ge:-inaus,  Wirtciiiuur-eri,,  B..variai.i,  Spaniards  a.ui. 
^v.'iss. 

Tlie  Baron  de  Mu'lling-,  a  Prussian,  is  at  present 
.governor  of  Paris.  General  \faison  is  to  be  hi:,  suc- 
cesso,;  but,  vt'Ae/t  is  not  said.  Eng-iish  iriiops  ar-,- 
eMC;-,mped  in  he  ciiainps  L^iy.-.ees;  the  Prussians  oc- 
cupy the  thuiller.es,  car.)usai>  &c.  and  are  quartered 
I'l  p.dv-.i  e  i«ouscs.  I.  is  said,  th  t  it  i.s  the  r  in'.er.- 
'eiuion  to  destroy  the  bridj^-e  of  Jena  and  all  (M.tr 
nio,iuaie,.ts  uftneirdeiedts.  I'leiiemians,  laiian  , 
^N.c.  iiug'ht  to  do  tne  same.  Paris  oug'ht  to  be  s  ri;.- 
pul  Of  uei-  borroued  piu  na.g^e.  She  is  no  lo.isjcr  wtii  - 
diy  of  [if)aor.xble  irophies.  To  preserve  then  s'leii.t. 
i.tcri;iced  the  n.-itirm;  m.iv  slie  be  disappointed  in  r^- 
CLiving-ine  priceof  Her  rsiean  less.  Let  t.ie  pic:ure^ 
and  statuary  or'  lialy  and  .Spain  be  taken  back;  t .  ; 
.0  ses  or  \  J  .i^e  restore  i!  lie  riumpiial  arc'ie.-i  .1:1,1 
cola.iind  razed!  Tney  belong-  to  the  cha.''.>c.CT  c.' 
tne  tyrant, '.vno:n  she  hastened  u>  lisavov;  the  '  u-j 
coo  inliinately  connected  wiUi  Sonap arte,  to  be  :. 
source  of  pride  or  pleasure  to  Iier.  T.iC  g-overnnient 
Oi  Louis  tne  18th  einpioyed  iiselfduring"  t'le  .'"ortne." 
twelve  rnontiis'  reipi,  (will  it  be  believed:')  in  tuj 
important  .ask of  pickivj;'  the  N's  out  of  tJie  p  i:>i;.; 
IjuiUhng-s;  it  can  ag"ain  return  to  that  CTipl  )V.ne;u. 
iJlucher  demands  heavy  contribuuons;  it  is  sai.i, 
iO'J,jJ-J,Ji)j  Krancs.  The  Itus  aa;i»  are  in  tiie  neiga- 
boraood;  dreadfil  havoc,  an  I  ourr.i'j;-es  tiie  .tij-.., 
ai  ucious,  aave  been  perpet  'ted.  VViien  France  ,a- 
Wakes  from  her  unaccountable  '.orpor,  and  finds  !icr- 
self  stripped  of  iier  liberties,  her  inilependeace,  nc 
honors,  an.l  !ier  property,    siie  niav  I'ial  tii.u  siie  nai 


"been  hazardous  and  dliFicult.  Tiiai  any  otner  course 
than  the  one  vhey  liave  parsu£d>  would  liave  been 
better,  I  am  not  "prepai-ed  to  say — but,  I  will  say, 
lliat  notliiu,^  could  be  worse  tiiuu  iiie  situadon  to 
viiirh  they  are  reduced.  Under  no  circuuistances 
could '.' ey,  ihcir  country,  and  liieir  principles  be 
more  coniplciely  subjugated  laid  debased.  They 
■on!,dit  to  have  followed  the  army.  T;.e  F.ng-iish  wiil 
us^.ert,  that  tiiey  have  not  interfered  in  the  internal 
^,'()vernment  of  France;  they  only  sunuuoned  and 
seized  U)wns  in  the  name  of  Loui.-,  18  h;  and,  while 
their  frie-ids,  the  Prussians,  were  seadng  hin^.,  sl.O()d 
b),  merely  as  spcclator.j;  but,  a  ve^j;  ei  of  war  in 
bijpii  when  a  captiue  is  made,  cuiiies  iii  tor  a  shart 
Oi  the  prize,  on  tue  prliioiple  of  being'  present,  ..lid- 
inj.^  and  abcf.ing-. 

The  king-  has  made  his  solemn  entry  into  id-,  g-()od 
city  of  Paris,  this  8th  day  of  Jul},  preceded  and  fol- 
lowed by  an  immense  concourse  of  bijjeds,  on 
tiorse-back^  in  Ccrriages,  and  on  tbou  Beiore  he 
ventured  in,  ai)out  30,JJ.)  Prussians,  ag^ain  witn 
swords  drawn,  g-uns  loaded,  and  maiciiea  lig-lited, 
ni.u-ched  tlu'cug'h  the  streets  in  terrorem.  Tne  peu- 
])le  were  ihus  i>rought  to  a  proper  state  o  mind  to 
appreciate  tiieir  hsppy  lot;  so,  wnen  tlicg-outy  aiou- 
sirch  made  his  appe.irance,  tne  women  from  tiie  \via- 
dowsand  tiie  boys  i.i  the  stri.ets  siiook  tiieir  nand- 
kerchiefs,  wavetl  their  lillies,  and  c.  ied  ou.  '*vivi  le 
roi.'  vive  ill  roi/;'  They  had  done  die  same  u  li  te 
vv.iile  before,  when  lilucher  pc%sse<l;  and  still  worse, 
•a  lame  drummer  had  e.xcilel  their  most  entliusiasiic 
iiccl.uTiatior.s.  Ever-  e'SiVi  W-s  made  b_,  the  c.ivai- 
c.ale  10  induce  tne  cro'vvd  to  cheer.  Tnis  Was  not 
generally  done.  1  discovered  many  counter.aaces, 
-which  exhibited  the  keenest  mor-diication,  and  deep- 
est distress.  Notwitustaiuling'  all  tiie  resolves  10 
the  coarar, ,  I  saw  the  national    fiag"  sti  uck,  and  the 


white  colore  raised  on  the  top  of  t.ie  column  erected 
to  cuinmemoiate  the  g'ory  accpiired  by  the  X^'rench 
armies  in  tiie  memorable  canip..if;-n  of  1315.  Tais 
column  is  133  feet  nig-h,  and  covered  witn  bus  re  ief; 
of  tlie  brass  of  the  canno.i  lalcen  from  the  Austrians. 
These  vic.ories  weie  gained  under ti.e  tri-colored 
•tJ..g;  ncnv  iiiuch  like  an  interldjjer,  rooked  the  Lul. - 
livered  banner!  I  have  witr.es  ed  rciuent  scuiHes 
among'  individuals  about  the  cock.-.dc.  liovveve.-, 
the  contest  will  not  continue  lonij;  as  a  roy*!  procla 
in.tlion  has  already   appe.a-ed  on  ..he  subjec 

Paris  ;i  few  d.tvs  ag-o,  urged 


vie 


ided 


the  natii>ii;'.l  guard  to   preserve  the   national   colors. 
Tills  tney  resolved  to  do;  but,  a  few  d.iys  afterwards 
thev  were  no  longer  to  be  seen.   .The  army    further 
declared,  that  the;,  woiUd    again  iiy  to  arms,  if  the 
])iivilcg-e  to  clioose  their  government  was  de.ded  lo 
the  nation;  but,  tiie  n.iiion  feels  no  solici  ude  on  the 
s■^^icet.     The  pau-io'i-,in  of  the  iroops  is  not  seco  .- 
•dc'l;  the}'   ai-e  ab.tndoned  bv  tiieir  cuiefs  and  In   the 
pewple.     T.'iey  arc  the  only  depositary  at  present  oi 
seiiiments  worthy  oi' France.     Long  after  Bonaparte 
cea  ed  to  command,  Uiey  con.inued   to  hold  a  lari- 
g-ua-^e honorable  to  theuis elves  as  citizens  and  a«  sol- 
diers.    Thc\  said  in  their  late  .iddress  to  tlienaiion- 
;d  guards,  a  body  oi' men   unwortiiy  o'  their   praise; 
"Adieu!   brave  conirade>-,  and  you,   i'ellow-ci.  izerl.^, 
wiio  deserve  the  name  of  Frenchmen!     On  ilie  i).ink~ 
of  ihe  Ixjire,  ,as  on  tlio.'jcof  the  Seine,  cm-  vows  shai 
;ii-.va_\s  be  for  our  cuvntrii,  and  ior  you."  I'w.ve  me:. 
.}oa  will  be  compelled  to  descend  Ia'oJjI  }Our  tjiev*- 


up  tliese  i.iestimable  advantag-es  with  to.. 
m.icli  facility.  Pernap^  she  may  arise  in  tlie  in.ije.,- 
ty  of  her  stren5!:tii,  defy  her  foreign  enemies,  and 
bring-  lO  punishment  the  ho  lie  bred  tivitors,  br 
waose  perfidy  she  auj  been  insultei,  di^gr^ced  a:;J. 
subdied. 

Tae  report  is,  that,  R')rtap.irte  finding  it  i.mpossl- 

ble  to   e:,cape  from  R'lchelle,  has  been   arrested   iu 

going  to  some  other  port.     Whether  tids  be  true  or 

no  ,  ic  may  be  said  that  the  political  career  of  hin, 

Tne  wno.ie  renown  iias  filled  the  universe,  is  at  end.     l.i 

spue  of  all  the  evils,  of  w  ,icii  he  has  been  the  author, 

it  would  be  unjus-'    to  con; end   that   i:e  has  dmie    rn> 

good.     'I'ae  public  works  execnied  during-  hii  reigri 

..re  immense     It  is  difficult  to  believe  that  .so  m.-.nv 

superb  monuments  could  have  been  erected  in   .11,3 

saort  space  oi  14  years,  and  those,  \ears  of  war.    iL& 

is    epro:;ciied  with  reason,  wi  h  m  ny  acts  of  tyr..,n- 

iiy  and  Ciuelu',  bat  lie  w..s  of  en  g-e-ierous  -md    iiu- 

niaiie.     A  Pi-us.sian  ofiicer  of  rank  had  been  arresi  ed, 

and  was   .Jjout    to  be    l)i-ouglit  lo   tri.il.     His    wife 

ilirew  herself  at  the  feet  of  Bo-.aparte,  proieaii.ig- 

111-)  innocence;  he  handed  lier  a  le  ler:  "Tnere,  s..id 

".le,  is  the  evi  .ence  of  Ids  g-uilt.     You  now  hold  it; 

"throw  i   in  the  fire,  t'nere  is  noo'her  proof  agdasv. 

•him,  and  lie  ir.ust   be  acquiited."     lie   is    accu.sCvL 

-.vitn  vioiu.ting  treades.     Have  other  s.)vereig-R3  ..c- 

ed  with  greater  fidelity  towards  him.'     L    is   said, 

aat  he  was  arrogant  and  insulting  to  those   aroun  1 

im.     Ii   ppc.irs,  i.cvc.tlielesj,  to  becertain,  tiua  t\c 

waye  ^d,  iiud  sliK  laa,  •■*.  i^y  t'^yt  and  sinceiv; 


106 


SUITLEMENT  TO  NILKS'  UEGTBTETl—S^'ENTS  IN  PAllTS. 


friends.  TTis  personal  co'.iwg-e  is  con^este:!;  lie  h:is 
f<);it,nit  fifty-eight  buttles,  mo;-e  and  bloodier  ihaii 
tliosc  of  Clr-SA-;  btitt^enius  and  wisdom  luve  their 
lin^iiis.  TIon.i|):irte  possesi-ed  jt'i  e:it  ro-io^ice;  ba: 
p'nsiicdlya'irt  mondly,  they  v.erc  in:iu^-.rient  to  op- 
pose the  force,  by  wh'icli  lie  Tuis  been  overwhelmed, 
lii  becomin;:  a  dc-^pot,  hedusy'iis  own  grave;  i'l  mJi 
kin.crthe  pe'>p!e  slaves,  he  destroyed  that  patriotism 
a-  d  ze:d,Vv-!dcli  Ids  own.s:.rety  ;indgreatne.-;s,  .iS  wc!! 
asll'at  ol  Frai'ce,  ecjMidly  required. 

The  V;;ri; i.'.r.s  Ere  a  i^ood  de.d  puzzled,  what   to 
in;.];co{'the  blessiiiEfs  wiiich    flow  in  upon  liiem  so 
rapidlv.     Tl'ev  are  delijvhted  with  the  kinp:,   Mon- 
T?ie-.ir,and  the  due  de  Berry;  in  ecstacies  wi'di  their 
Treli.eion,  V  eir   |"idng   to   mass,   &c.  and  sing-  v/ith 
iriiic!)  giee       ,:lti:cir  chiivc;  es,  the  IJominp.  mh"^Ki 
f,)c  rrpcm.     Tl.av  arc  ais.)  nr.icii  charmed  with   tiie 
'allies,  ai)d  st)me,'a  few  days  a^o,  cried  out,  '^vive  la 
prneral  ULc-^r.'  vive  le  nob!?  1','eUinprton.'"     But  die 
liuindalion    '-e.>inr,    to    be     overi)owe;-ing— 200,000 
Prussians,   120,000  Tl;i7si;ns,    vvith.iut  t:>king   into 
consider;  lior,  tl;e  Eng-lidi,   Bavarians,   Wir^embui- 
g-crs,  Iliinove'i.ns,  &.c.  &.c.  :;c?m    to  be    more  tJvfiu 
ntce';s;:r\-  for  an  f^cort  to  the  king.     Bc.-^ides  ie  gen- 
•er:d  Bl-'rhcr  has  demanded  the  immediate  payment 
of  100.000,000  fra'ac^;  he  lias  q;iariercd  Ids   soldier.-! 
r,v.  the  ciiizeus  at  the  rate,  in  some  parts  ofthe  ti>vvn 
•of  fi?  ni  ten  to  f  f'ecn  in  ejchl  ot.i-e;  has  requi:-ed  tiiai 
tiiev  should  receive  each  day  a  ration  composed   of 
bread,  fi.s!i  and  sail  mea'.,  rice,    butter,   beer,  wine, 
brandv,  and  tobico:  and  that  to  sleep  on  they  slun-id 
h,a-e  n  avas^es,   \v'n\\  a  bhmket,  sheets  and  pillow. 
In  addition  lo  all  t'.d.s,  they  begin  to  fear  for  the  moi;- 
unienis  MudpuhJic  b'jildin?-.';;  and  the  biidge  of.Iena, 
it    is  .said,   viV'  certididy  be  destroyed,      'i'lie   Uus- 
sians  ye(  have  not  come  up.     Wisen  they  t  Jietiicir 
share,  there  wid  be  but  lit  lelef".     I'lie  b.\nkers  .say, 
jt  is   impossible  to  comply   v/ith    the    requjsi  ion. 
General  pillas'e    is  aj/prehcnde.l.     Lord  Wellington 
lias  been  apjilied  lo,  to  interfere;  but,  decJi.ie.s,  it    is 
said,  on  the  score  v.X  some  liiii'erence  between   him- 
self and  tlie  Prur.sian.     A  deputation  lias  been  sent 
oil"  to  Fredeiirk;  but,  I  suspect,  all  this  is  done  for 
the  purpose  of  pfivjnp:  Louis  an  opportiuiiiy  o    iner- 
posing-  with  eifect,  and  of  ttms  entitlinp^  him-.eif  to 
the  gratitude  of  his  children,    for  saving  them  from 
ruin. — .V  mine  has  i)een  sprung  under  one  of  ti;e  ar- 
ches of  the  1)1  idee  of  .Icna;  but  it  resisted  its  criects. 
The  emperor  AJexatider,  who  arrived  last  night,  has 
been   requested  by  a  deputation  ot  ciiizens  to  inier- 
fere.     L«uis  seems  neitiicr  to  possess  power  nor  in- 
fluence.    I'iie   citv  is  entirely   in  tiie  hands   of  'die 
I'russians  and  English;  the  ])olice  is  subject  to  their 
Tiianagcment.     ra3>ports  aregT^nted,  on  the  oneside 
oi'tlie  river,  by  a  col.  Barnard,   and  on   tiie  other  by 
b\  col  P(ul.     Tiie  emperor  of  Austria  and  icing  ot 
Prussia  have  made  their  appearance;   and   also    m\ 
lord  Castlereagli,  who  may  be  considered  as  tiie  king 
nt  Ki.;rland;  so,  it  may  be  f..iriy  said,  triat  no    where 
eliO  can  so  p;oodly  a  crop  of  royalty  be  seen.     Ilow 
tieliirhtful  it  would  !)e,  if  tiiey  could  be  joineu  b\ 
the  kii  goi"  lluyti,  the  caliph  of  Bigdad,  tiie  queen 
oi  Ti-ehizond,  the  cmpcior  of  Morocco,  and  the  het- 
man  of  he  Cossycks!  In  that  c \se,  they  really  would 
be  wordi    looking  at.     Locds,  by    the  grace  of  God, 
lias  nominated  the  notorious  Tidleyrand,  minister  or 
foreign  a'll.Ii-s;  so  wg  may  stand  clear,     i'ouche  is  to 
be  minisierofpoiice,  when  tiie  two  colonels  aforesaid 
sliall  be  pteased  to  ti'ke  their  departure;  so,  he  saves 
Ilia  head  and  his  money,  and  gets   an  oiTice  into  the 
bargain!     Fraiicc  has  been  betraj  ed  by  a  few  weal 
till    --atrpps  in  and   about  Paris.     All    g'overnmein.'- 
and  ..11  countiies  r.re  the  saute  to  the  i  icii  and   the 
luxurious.     I'i  mortification  at  their  fallen  and  de- 


graded state,  is  to  be  discovered  any  wlicre,  it  \i. 
among  tiie   lower   and  nddddng   classes  o     'eoplei 
Tlie  rova  or  g-randee  mob  li.tve  ^ie>.iO  ed  i  re  ein-a- 
led  coifee-liouse  iii  tlie  P.tlais-Ro\  al.     It  seems,  u'lat 
formerly,  son;;-s  wacre  sung  ihere,  in  pu  ise  o   B ma- 
p..rte.  Last  night,  ai  the  dieatre  Franc.i..,  a  Madem- 
idseile   AJurs  was  ui\.ereil  to  cry  "wr-e  le  roi."     She 
reiut-ed;  it  was  put  to  vote,  and  canied  by  a  sni.  11 
majoiiy,   tnat  stie  should  comply.     "Well,   gentle- 
men," siie   said,/'!  can  say,  rive  le  roi;   xuve  le  roi!^* 
Tliere  was  soineddiig  admirubiy  surcasiicm  .ler  man- 
ner.    Siie  gaiicd  a  compte  e  t;  iumph;  the  foolish  an.d 
disappointed  auilience  hung  down  tueir  heads,  and 
she  wer.t  on  wi.h   her  p.a-t.     Tne   Bouibouis.s   are 
certainly  themos.  king-loviii^' tribe  iii  the  worid.  It 
IS  impossible  to  !;:orge  the.-egiecdy  gulpers.     Alex- 
aiule. ,  l-'rar.cis,  i'Vederick,  Louis,  ;ui  go  down.  What 
a  pity  it  is  thai  tiie  whole  fraternity  are  not  at  Paria! 
I  have  just  rcturr.td  from  the  bridge  0(   Jena.     I 
saw  tlie  eiftcts  of  liie  efTor     o  destro}  it.     L  is  now 
to  be  spared  furthei  assault,  and  only  to  he  stigma- 
li-'.ed  by  having  tiic  "a//,//'  de  I' Htoh  MilUnire  \  ek- 
ed ;o  it.     The  biid.<e  .,f  A-i .  eiiit',,   aiso,    i.-,  to  be 
re-chiMH.ened.    It  i:;  u,  be  called,  hereafter,  the  Punt 
duj'M-'Mndnroi.     T:ie  bu.'^    o!  Napoleon  h;**beea  in. 
ken  from  tl.e  museum  of  thai  name.— Sm-eiv,    ti  ev 
will  not  condescend  lo  keep  the  thiee  hundred  pie- 
ces of  statuary,   with    M'.ich   he    iias  enriciied    it. 
Tlicy  al:e.:d\  begin  tliCgre..!  work  wfscratcidnir  out 
the  N's  and  scr.pi-Mr  off  the  eagle.s.  What  a  siibiirne 
iLideriakmg!  how   i.isignitic.uu  in   comparison  are 
tl;e  moiiunieuts  elected  by  iionaparte!     His  scioolg 
and  hosjiitals,  foui.iains   and    aqueducts,  triumpiial 
arches  and  coiunms,  !iid  heir  diiuinisi;ed  he.uls.  On 
ti.e  sub,ec.  or  the  bridge-,,  die   king  plucked  u,.  a 
migh.y   spiiit— '■Sh,".s.id  he   to    Bhicher,  "if  y  u 
111  end  to  blow  up  .he  bridges,  have  the  poliieuess  to 
indicate  to  me  tiie  time  of  ihe  explosioii,  tiiat  I,  mv- 
selt,  may  repair  to  one  of  them  and  perish  with  ii!'* 
As  Mi-.^^Barchel  says,  in  the   vicar  of   Wakefield, 
'/"'(s'f "     He  l:.ivc  Utile  cause  to  comphdn  of  Jie 
bru  .dity  and  vandalism  of  tlie  Englisli  a'.  /lampton, 
ai  Havre  de  Gr.  ce,  and  at  Washington.     Tney  were 
our  enemies;  but  here  the  allies'  are  friends,  and 
their  a  locitie.,  beggar  all  descri.jiion     If  Boiiap.uv  e 
wa,va  comumiihg  tire,  tlw!/  are  a  torrent,  wldch  pu  s 
out  tiieiire,  but,  mark.,  its  cotuse  witii  ruin  and  de- 
rabt.ition.     Tlie  grass  never  grew  .igain  wiiere  vhc 
uorse  of  At.ila  oncepl  micd  his  iioof:  but  At:ila  had 
(mly  one.     Tiie  moderu  i,  r  ari.ins   have   no  otiier 
breed.     Prom    die  frontiers   o  Pjiis  their  track  i« 
desohition.     Bluc.ei-  i.s   tiie  pincipal  ac.or,  die  he- 
ro  of  the  drama;  ^Vcllingtoii  i.s   manager  or  prompt- 
er; stands  a  lit  le  behi  ,d  ilie  .scenes  and  gives  iiim  the 
cue.     Noitiing  c;'.n  equal  the  dis  ress  of  the  nei)-!i- 
b  uing  inhabitant.s;  they  are  reduced  to  theneccssitr 
o:  begging  daily  rations  of  bread,  winch  .ire   sen    to 
then,  fiom  this  place.     The  celebrated  manuf  ,cture 
of  Ciiinaat  Seve,    die   forms  of  the  m  .chiperv,  tiie 
lools  of  the  workmen  are  ad  destroyed.     The"  man- 
ufacture 01  arms  at  Versailles  Jiave  shared  tlies;?me 
tale;  and,  between  2  and  300  waggons  liave  been  lo.,d- 
ed  witii  the  spoils  and  sent  otf.— Tiie  g.irdens    aiul 
public  edifices  of  .Malmaison,  and  Si.  Cloud,   have 
been  des  oiied   Of  their  ornamen.t^,  th.eir    picu.cs 
and  statues.     The  garden  of  the  Luxemburg  and  ,  he 
champ  Elysees  have   been  converted  into   Augean 
stables;  whilst  the  beautiful  trees  srippcd  of  dieir 
inuk,  already   exhibit  the  "sere  and  \e! low   leaf." 
Tlie  gai  den  of  plants  was  to  have  shared  the  s;  me 
:a  e;  but,    as  been  .saved  through  tiie  inerventioi:  of 
Ilim, bold  .—Willi  legard   to  iliese  t;,cls,   and    hun- 
dreds (u  (.thtrs  o:    die  s  ne  khul,  the  papei.s  are  .si- 
lent;  whilst,  they  are  filled  wiih  the  mast  fulsome 


IS 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  RI 


-E VENTS  IN  PATlISv 


107 


cbrnpliments,  to  their  mf.s'ers,  and  wUh  procl"in;i-j band  om-  resources.  The  rovniists  here  hate  u? 
t\r>:-i^  o\'  Louis  !e  de.sire  ciiuir^^-ing-tiie  iidincs  or=tree'cs,  ,  uios*  cordially;  they  view-  n>\v  vev')lii-i')'i  as  havi:-.;;- 
bridg-es  and  paLicci.  causc'd  Lheif  own,  andjhe  ■  indnls^e  i»manv  ominous 

I  have  Dut  off  closing-  Ihcsc  no'e^  till  the  l;>.st  mo-    Tireciic  ions,  of  the  tste  which  aWiiVts  iH."   Tie  iro- 


ment.  Now,  to  be  brio!';  i?  is  said,  til  it  Bonaparte  is 
taken,  that  he  is  <le  >d  t!i;vt  he  U  '.vith  the  y.'vn'-,  and 
tliat  he  i-  bed  g-ed  in  the  is'.:ind  o-"  R  le.  Wiilch  or 
these  reports  is  true,  I  know' no  :  perliaps  neither. 
Net'  is  to  hi  the  first  vie  iin;  hisprope-iy  is  scq  les- 
tered,  and  'lis  person  soneht  af.er.  Tiie  report  o" 
this  ■ir.n;-ni\?  is,  tliat  the  French  army  liave  turned 
uoon  Mieir  pu-sners,  the  IVnsiians,  and  de'e:fed 
t!;e;-n  with  g-'rcat  slaug'Ii'er.  Their  loss  is  es-i:iiatcd 
at  25,  ;^,  men;  iem.tv  be  all  fal-.o,  aUhcu^h  ^iiuc'i 
•\veJ,L;'ht  here  is  attached  to  it.  llulJp  witli  !iis  divi- 
ai>i  hasjfti  .el  t  ;m  S  ic'ic  has  evacu  ved  Lvoiis, 
and  is  on  his  march,  to  the  same  point.  The'divi  d  )'i 
of  L  CO  >be  is  sUl!  ;'C;per.':d)ic— .nd  Ve  ice.im-s  ere 
in  he  neigiiborhood,  besides  many  more  distant 
to'vns,  s. ill'  Jialds  oui.  Ir"  Ronapai-te  joip.b  the  armv, 
there  will  vet  be desparate doings.  Iv  wanld  amouni 
in  a  few  weeks  to  2.50,00')  mt:..  With,  the  aid  ofthc 
3'eoiTi.-inry,  wlio  have  on  some  occi'ions  lately,  v/ith- 
on«  oi  iie'r  snpporV,  opposed  ti.e  ii-.vaders,  ikey  might 
be  even  now  d:  ivcn  f/om  ihe  countvy, 
Paris,  July  "lo,  1315. 


JOUUX  \.L  OF  EVKXTS. 
[Snhsegueui  ccnumiation. — Pauis,  .TtrLY22.]^  ^ 
The  loose  sueeis  v/iiich  I  despatclied  on  t'ne  ISth 
ifnly,  brought  \ou  ulonj^-  <vith  the  cm  rent  events  to 
that  peii'xl.  Le;,  us  proceed.  The  suhj\i^-aL!on  of 
Fr  ;r.ce  becomes  cvervday  more  and  more  coinpSete. 
Town  af'er  town  c';pitulates,  and  the  marsh;ds  and 
g-enerals  of  the  empire  iiastento  announce  their  sub- 
mission. Tlie  :u-mv  every  where,  and  (he  people  in 
many  of  the  provinces,  wonld  op;)ose  t'.ieir  further 
tl extradition;  even  the  Vevleeans  have  proposed  Co 
join  their  feiiow  subjects  in  considering"  as  a  com- 
mon cause  tiie  integrity  and  independence  of  heir 
countrv.  But  this  spirit  is  etiectu-dly  subdued  by 
a  pusillanimous  king;',  a  cowardU-  nobility,  and  a 
piliful  set  of  fellows  wit';-  tviikets  about  their 
necks  and  lit  le  pieces  of  ribband  dci)epding' at  their 
bittton  hoies.  Would  you  believe  1  .'  Your  Kiirope- 
an  great  man  ia  as  prou  1  oi  a  tjcwt^'aw,  a.s^  an  I  diai-. 
of  a  Blue  Read,  or  an  inhabi  ant  oi'  Ma^lison  Idand 
of  a  whale's  tooth.  And  on  whom  are  those  mark, 
of  favor  besto>ved''  Why  on  those,  as  in  Lilllput,  wlio 
fihew  the  greatest  dexierity  and  suppleness  in  creep- 
ing imder,  or  jumping  over  ^  stick  A!ex.>nder  and 
P;  ederick  passed  tlu-ough  the  streetin  whicif  1  re- 
^ide,  afewmir,ues  ago.  I  saw  their  mijcsties. — 
T!iev  rode  wldte  horses,  and  Alexander  wore  a  whilCj )  hat  and  ridinvf  co.;! ;   had  despised' the  triples  wliicii 


vernment  of  America  i.s  the  only  reiTKuning  he.id  of 
the  Ivdra,  and  that  o'lght  to  be  uiken  off.  Even 
the  short,  hut  eventnd  time  ih.O.  T  'rive  been  in  Pa- 
ns, theciiai.ge  that  has  occurred  in  re-rard  to  us  is 
very  ofxservable.  A  fe-v  weeks  ago  the  Moniieur 
gave  Dur  country  precfede'->ce  u".de'r  th.e  head  of  fo- 
reign news — Xow,  v,-e  are  entirelv  prctcrmi'ted  or 
in  roduced  in  the  ^iiapc  of  a  cohii.n  nu-ned  from 
some  tory  E.istern  print,  stating  our  loss  in  tiie  fi'.e 
war,  at  50,000  mer.,  our  expences  a  5^150,000,000, 
and  our  di.sgrace  as  consummated  by  a  treaty  or" 
pCcicc;  but  really  under  existing  ei.cumstances  wg 
cannot  expect,  nor  ought  we  to  wisli  r.r  their  res- 
i'cct.  _  Tiie  newspapers,  Paris  and  tiie  givernnen^, 
exiiibit  one  mass  of  meanness  and  svcophancv.  W!ut 
can  be  hoped  for,  v.-hen  in  one,  and  the  -anie  journ- 
;d,  \ou  re  ,d  sentiinents  (verv  much  S'li'tened,  howe- 
ver) off  jrcign  soldiers  riding  like  madmen  througii 
tlie  s: reels,  st^bbing  v/ith  their  Luices  whomsoever 
they  meet,  men,  women  or  ciii'dren,  and  close  by- 
its  sid.e  t'le  tiianks  of  the  phanto.Ti  king,  to  Welling, 
ton  and^ds  officers  for  tlieir  huin.nnty  and  generosi:yi 
"It  is  a  f.tcher  (he  says)  who  renders  thanks  in  the 
n.ane  of  his  children."  lie  always  calls  'he  neople 
his  cidldren.  On  his  arrival  at  the  Thuilleries,  h«j 
requested  to  be  lifted  up  to  the  balcony;  this  was 
done  amidst  acclani.itions  of  '■'I'ivj  U;  '  Roi."  Ho. 
conniKmded,  and  iiaving  oljtained  silence,  pronounc-- 
ed  t!ie  following  animated  and  /elociuent  addres.s — 
"lion  jou",  mes  enfans."  The  orator  was  encored  0!i 
all  sides:  HenlcA-  in  his  gilt  tub  never  eijoved  sucli 
triumphant  feelings;  he  waved  his  /i7,'i/-hand  and 
retired 

How  e.xtraordinarv  are  tlie  events  wliich  T  have 
wi  nesscd  witiiin  a  few  weeks!  ;loes  iiistoi'v  embrace 
in  so  short  a  jieriod,  ciiangesand  revilutions  so  won- 
derful? I  liave  seen  N".ariolenn  on  the  throne,  sur- 
rounaedi  by  a  blaze  of  disgusting  pomp?  ''"'1  *^he 
next  moment  an  insula  ed  imiivi.biai,  dinniedbyhis 
tL^lbw  meti,  or  pursued  by  them,  tiiirsMng  fir  his 
blood.  Tlien  succeeded  the  ephemera!  and  nomi.ial 
reign  of  his  son.  Nex  ,  tlie  real  authority  of  the  re- 
prescntat  ves  of  the  people,  and  last  and  least  of  all, 
the  phamasmagora,  or  spe.dci.ig  automaton,  got  up 
by  a  companyofroval  strollers  and  e>:!iihiting  under 
m;'.nagement  at  the  palace  of  the  Tliuelleries.  If 
Bonaparte  were  really  a  great  man — if  on  his  return 
from  Fdba  be  h.d  forgotten  his  purple,  anu  his  festh- 
ers  and  hiscrQrt'n;  Iwd  adiiered  to  his   pldn  cocked 


and  Frederick  a  blue  oat;  1  believe  I  remarked  no- 
thing else  wortii  men  ioning".  I  suspect  Bor.aparie 
very  properlv  ctimatcd  tiie  character  of  the  rirst, 
when  he  said  b-.  w.iv  orcompliment  iii  his  pr  s-nce, 
and  loud  enougli  to  be  heard,  that  he  vv..s  "the  hand- 
somest man  i;i  Europe."  The  ideaoFour  having 
friends  among  the  ncnarchs  of  tiie  world,  is  dir:g-e- 
rous  and  absurd.  They  ai-e  bound  toget'.er  in  ti.e 
strictest  alii  inct:  a  most  pcriect  undersiandi:5g-  e.x. 
is.->  among  them,  and  a  firm  determination,  to  era- 
tlicate  all  principles  which  mw  ndiitate  against  their 
hereditary  cl-inis  to  govern  marikind.  ?.Iay  they 
n'-  endeavor  to  res'ore  .\incrica  to  tieirgetlie  Hi' 
It  is  as  much  iis  patrimony,  as  France  is  that  of  Louis 
1  T.ie  Guelphs  too  have  not  been  out  of  pos- 

ses don  moro  than  eiglit  or  ten  years  longer  than 
t:<  Capets.  If  tiie  doctrine  be  true,  that  heredita- 
I'V  overi  ignty  is  alone  legiti;nate,  are  not  tlie  people 
(th-  sove  ei  ns  of  the  Uni'  cd  S  ates)  usurpers''  Lc 


attract  the  vulgar  great,  from  the  Cuse'ta  king,  dow,v 
lo  the  autocrat  of  ad  t!ie  Rusdans;  if  lie  liad  decla- 
red himself  gener.d  of  tiie  Frencli  armies,  deioted 
to  the  liberiies  of  his  fellow  ci  izens,  and  indeoeii. 
dence  of  France;  then  would  have  re-appeared  than 
spirit  winch  in  theearlv  stages  of  the  revolution  tri-- 
umphed  over  all  opposition;  then, 'voi.M  h..ve  beeu 
spared  to  tliis  u-nibrtunat--  countrv', the dtC'idisgriict; 
and  dre.tdfui  rr.i:i  which  it  is  nuw  doomed  to  suiTer. 
But,  alter  the  hat'le  of  Waterloo,,  after  ids  fall,  all 
was  not  lost.  Tiie  armv,  however  reluctantly,  yield- 
ed o  the  ncccs:;itv  which  tore!  din  nom  t'leir  ranks, 
turned  v.dtli  aii'ecLiun  tov.'ards  tt»eir  coiintrv,  and  of- 
fered to  assert  is  indcperidcnce  witli  t'lcir  blood.-— 
The  people  would  iiave  seconded  them  in  this  n'lblc 
strife.  Fi  rr.ting-  in  such  a  cause,  the  nation  would 
h.ivg  become  a  rierct^'es,  and  must  have  prevHile^l. 
')id  not  a  liandful  oifJreek)  overthrow  the  migitjif 
.osts  of  D.-.rius  ar.d  Xerxes?  :md  las  n!»t  Fr;.nc-,  aa 
u?  vucii  be  cuuous,  keep  om'»eiYGS  luicl.  ami  iiUi-'  a.  repuhliej  iisratdf  jjiveai  to  Uie  aaiyexae  ^toaf,  Uait 


108 


SUPrLF.JvIEKT  TO  NILKG"  EEGISTr.r.—EVENTS  IN  PARIS. 


»  pokljev  v'lo  r.i^lits  for  his  coi'.r.iry  is  invincible?   E- 
■r-en  ncv.'  wisen  tlie  I.or.ap  .rtes   are  ;r.v;iy,  aivl  the 
7-oni-':4  (kspised,  ii   is  not  too  late;  btit  as  s  .re  ks 
f  .te,  ere  ]v')q:.  excess  of  nii'Jpn-   and   irior'ificalior:, 
■il.e  present  lot  o.  Fns'ice,  will  arm  i:er  cliiUh  en  wi  h 
<U-  pair, and  roU-icve  rliat  fanf,  withoui  wiiirli,  si:c 
33   oreverfalirn.     Shame,  sliiimc,  upon  liie  Otrantos, 
Ksling's,  HcnPvavos,iin(l  tie  wliole  infernal  tribe  In 
■"'iioni  siie   has   been  betrayed  and  Hbandoned!  Tiie 
■tri  eiclies  ji-ot  \i'  le^^  ;ind  veii'ltl!,  Mndf  rrcot  tlieir  coim- 
tn.     The    mosi  f;ivor;d)le  opjiorinij  ics  liave  been 
Rirca'i-  ]o'  :  tlie  c!i;unhe;Sof'lnc  leK'i  .I'tui  c,  iicfc.  ■ 
tie  arriva!  o   the  kin;;,  mig-ht  li.-ve  hroiU',ht_into  ac 
1io^  tliepo^vcr  of  the  na  ion.     Now.  botii  civil   an  ! 
rniiitnry  chiefs  are  \van*.in,^;  yei,  tlii^  is  the  appoin- 
tpl    liuic;  longrer  delay  vvii!   hri  t^   "'-'t    a'.i;;irieiae 
n'y..     A  del  ii  ion  ]  armies  o;  Kn^vli  ii  •"'"d    liiusiaii;;, 
?nd  S'.^  iss   ond  Danc>,  and  A'isirian:-.,  and  pj  Hs^i,^ 
nnd  H.».mburp-ers  are  pres-ing   towards   tlie  Rliijie. 
T  e  c'on-ned  consjirators  dread  the  eflfVcti  o!  thei 
mvasi  Ml.    Cunnot  t|\e  people  ot  P'rance  see  in  these 
fc:.rs,  in  these  precantions   oi    the  allies  tjieir    ovn 
Rtreiift'.'  The  attempt  to  repel  tiiei    eiemiss  iv.ii^-h 
f^'i];  b'it   tliis  is  no'   a  momcn'.  for  c-i)euiation.     Ki- 
.sn'u'.icns  to     c      d     e  -  i',  tight  not 'o  be  "sickii'ii 
o'er  V.  iih  the  pale  cast  ot    Jioug-h  .■"     Tiiey  mis 
h.'Zard  every  tiiinty  or  see  their  honors  bla-.'ed,  their 
ro!!ntr\-    r!',v;i,£red,    and   themselves    ensl;;ved      The 
kinp;,  the  Rnv;;i;sis,  tl'C  jonrn  ds  of  Pari ;.  in  ke  ever 
^xer.jon   to  ])revent  and   in  iniidaie  opposition;    tiie 
forcer  of  'he  allies   .are  magnilied,  smd  a^lispo  i  io 
■fo  resist  them  denounced  as  rebellious.     What  per- 
fiib!    what   perver.sion!    but   notwithstanding'    tlicir 
T)asenese,  thev  Ituve  not  entirely  succeeded  in    eradi- 
cating-every  vestig'e  oTpatriotism.  A  fe\v  days  aj.'^o, 
it  Ti">is    stated  that  the  army  had  sent   in  th.eir  sub- 
ini;-ior,;   lieiraddress  was  published      I;  was  further 
f;aid,  thu'  'he  while  flaEffloated  every  where  throusi';)- 
out  tl;e  kin.trdon'.     Nothing-  is  more  f  ,l-;e.     In  spite 
O'  their  efforts  to  suppress  the  truth,  it  is  now   well 
Icnovn  titat  the  armv  on  the  Loii-e  with  Davoust  a: 
i;»  iie;id,]:ircrcrveE  its  attitude  o*' defiance;  that  Ven- 
ccv.nes  within  four  miles   of  the  TTieti-opolis  h.as  suc- 
cer;sfuily  resisted  the  att:>.cksof the  Prussiins.     It  i' 
iruc   tlii  t  "old  wooden  le;c"  as  the  ofTeer  is  called. 
]>•.«  hoisted  lh,e  wli'e   flap:;   hut   lie  itolds  th.e    com- 
3  ^p.nd,  refu'-es  to  obey  nil  orders  from  tlie  kini;  w,;':m 
lic  consi'lers  as  a  pri.soner,  and    foils  every  attempt 
<^f  tli'e  ^^llies  to  dispossess  him.     The  cr.stle  is  filled 
■with  the  mntpr'inlci'i  war  which  he  means  to  deliver 
oyer  to  the  French  ^ovenirnent,  wiien  one  whall  exist, 
^''ene-ol  Clau'-e!  has  pnlnished  an  order  at  Bordeaux, 
fn  which  he  says  tiiat  tliccapiial  is  in  the  possessicn 
oftbecncH!';  and   therefore  no  order  issuinp:   from 
■fbence  c;'n  be  considered  .is  lepjal;  that  Davoust    i- 
rotnnander  in  c'def  of  the  armv  and  must   alone  L'e 
nheicd;    liC    commands   a    considerable    force.     La 
TtV  'Tqup  is  'Xi  the  hcfd  o'^troops  formerh  enif.is^ed  in 
IjH  Vemlee.  Generals  Rapp  :ind  Lecou.rhe  and  Suciiel 
jTid  on  their  respective  detachments.     If  they  could 
f\\  unite  on  the   5/ure,  nerved  with   indi,^-naiion  and 
sustained  by  their  fellow  rountn'inen,  many  of  whom 
•prtrticulat'y  in    Alsace   have  alre:>dv  fiown  to   arms, 
tlicv  would  h-e  cronned  with  victor  ,    or  the    blaze 
5n  which   they  peris'. ed  with   the  i^iom    of   France 
■•votild  prove  also  the  f.me-al  pp-e  of  Iter  insolent  in- 
vaders.    Is  it  not  more  than  human  pa'ience,   more 
•*han  human  meanness  i    calculated  to  liear?  Austria 
5ias  tjiven  a  firovernoi'  1o  I^orraine.  Prussia  h.as  set  one 
■ove;-  P..ris.  The  Ena^iisu  ta.k  openly  of  r;izing  Lisle. 
Cr.mljtay,  .and   :dl  I'le   strjijT  holds  of  the   country. 
They  ure  this  tiir.c  the  conquerors    .and  not  the  Hus- 
yians;  so,  if  .Mex-nde"  is  liberally  ili  ;nosed,'ie  is    iot 
'to  be  permitted  to  interpose.    Au  Eaglish  prBcer  ob- 


se  ved  to  me,that  h.C'honld  not  'je .surpriiicd  i:"Lnrd 
"VViIIJng-ton  Was  to  become  king'.  This  is  fooliih 
enoui^h  to   be  sure;  but    it   is    n.  g-ood    specimen  of 


lirnish  modest 


Rut  Alexander  is  not  ir.cTned  fo 


in  e-i'evf^  beneficially:  his  fteiing's  towards  S''iaace 
lia^'e  undierg'one  a  ;>Teat  ch.-ing'C'.  T!ic  pov.'crs  of  F'ai- 
rope  seem  all  to  have  transferred  their  iiatred  front 
Ronapa)-'(e  o  the  nation.  Ne«v  views  of  apijrandize- 
raenl  bre:fk  in  upon  them.  If,  Alexander  is  c:'.pibie 
ol'  •c'.inf'ag-reat  part  on  a  grei*^  sc  de,  a  fine  oppor- 
tuni  y  presents  iiself:let  him  oilVr  himsel.  to  Franc^, 
i'Ssisi  her  to  chase  her  foes  from  her  bosom,  to 
-ivenge  i.crself  on  them;  thecrnwn  is  wi  hin  his  pow- 
er, the  phial  of  holy  water  is  v,-ithin  his  g-r.asji.  He 
•vould  bef  ei-  merit  t;;em,  thy.n  tbe  superanuated 
'.?(>urbrtn,  who  h_s  filled  his  countrv  with  hords  of 
i;.wie-s  roboei's  and  !>roken  up  the  very  found  itions, 
n..''.  onlk-  of  i)er  h.appiness  and  independence,  but  of 
lie!  exi.>lence.  AusU'i  ,  Prussia,  and  Tloi land  would 
be  crushed  by  the  'veityht  of  bis  tw,  emoires,  and  al- 
r  ady  one  of  wU  arms  re<ches  Hindustan,  wtierc^ 
■  lands  the  p-oud.andprincipal  pillar  of  f$ri  i,.h  g-red- 
ness.  fie  luis  a  fiirer  prospert  o  '  uniyersal  e.npire 
th  t;  C'CP  iiad  Napffeon  or  any  o;hcr  man.  N;)  iiinff" 
covdd  preve;t:  ;-.is  rivalling',  his  surpassing-  the  i:ri- 
morud  achievements  of  his  mig'hty  name  .suki.  iiit, 
I  suspec  he  is  a  po.r  crea  u.e;  he  will  be  satisfied 
.vith  pilr'erin^r,  dividing;  the  .spoil  with  otliers,  and 
a<i<lin;-;  a  few  more  human  cattle  to  his  Russians, 
and  Coss:<cks,  and  Poles,  who,  he  says,  in  his  l.ito 
proclamation  fixing'  the  destiny  of  Pol.and,  are  united 
by  the  common  n;ime  of'  "Slavks  "  Fie  ii  cer.ainly 
e  ectio'.eeiin.w';  but  he  has  no  further  views  tliait 
mere  f'.a'teiy  and  adilation.  I  obser'-ed  hi:n  minute- 
ly, while  ridmg"  tnrn' the  Bonley.ird-;,  revievin-'-  a- 
bout  3J,;jyL)  Prtissians.  Instead  o-'  observing-'  he 
troops,  he  kept  hiseyeon  the  other  side  of  the  s-.reet 
on  the  multitude.  He  evidently  courted  accla)n.a- 
tions,  made  advances,  put  on  a  ;nost  coaxing-  look, 
and  frequently  r  lised  hi-,  iiand  to  his  hat.  Tiie  peo- 
ple did  not  fi.lv  reclp.-ocate  his  affection  or  apj)reci- 
ie  his  condescen.-ion. — Me  w.xs  ch.a<;::-ined  and  dis- 
.-pp<<inted;  but,  'ivh.atever  siiouts  tliere  were,  he  took 
ihem  to  hjmse':",  a'tho'  trot'ing- aJong-  with  him, 
cl-eek  by  jowl,  Wfv^  Frederick  and  Fi-  -ncis,  anrl  a 
:it  I e  v.~.iy  behind.  Welling' on  .and  l?lucher,  Artois 
and  Schw.artzenburg,  ckc. 

Tiie  allies  take  care  to  preserve  a  wholcsorne  ter- 
ror amo'g  the    Fi-ench,   by    a    frequent   display  of 
their  forces.     One  day   we  have  thousands   and"  ten 
ot  thousands  of  Hermans,   with    their  white  coats 
and  boughs   in  their  cups,  parading  the  streets   and 
riouievards;   the  next,  ;ts  many  Russians:  then,  tho 
Prussians,  their  very  v.'hiskers  curled  with  r.age  and 
contempt.  Tney  are  the  Indian  tdlies  of  the  F.iig-lish, 
the    Pottawatiomies,    8cc.     Rhicher    is  another  Te- 
cuniseh.     Then  come  tiie  Islanders,  witii  the  Hano- 
veri;in~,   Du'ch,  Hruns-.ickers,   Hessians,   Uelg-i.m.s, 
ecc.  tothe    amount  ot   "0,000.     These   reviews  arc 
attended  by   the  sovereigns,    magnificently  accou- 
tred and  niimei'ously  atte  ided;  so,  that  nfithing- may 
be  wanting  to  the  production  of  the  fullest  piiysic- 
al  and  moral  efi'ect.     The  stre  ts,  the    theatre^:,  i!ie 
gardens,  and  all  public  places,  are  filled  with  tlieir 
troops;  cannon  placed  in  different  purls  of  tlie  town, 
and  a  piece  directed  against    the  Tluiilleries.     'I'.ie 
king  leeis  his  humiliati  >n,  but  is  obliged  to  wiiiuss 
the  outrages  and  .  obberies  which  his  friends  ch-tose 
(o    commit.     A   few    days   ago  I  was  at  St.  fMoid; 
the  c 'amliers  of  the   palace,   .ormerly   occupied    by 
rjonaparte  and  Louis,  are  now  the  sv.ill  tubs  of  Ulu- 
cher.   Although  t!ie  otiier  rooms  were  crowded  with 
';'azing,  dirty,  stupi.l  lOldiery,  I    v  ;s    refused  admit- 
tance by  the  Prussiiui  gUiU'd-    I^one  but  the  miiita-- 


.SUPPLEMENT  TO  NiLES'  REGT^Tr.R.—F.TENTS  IN  PAHIS. 


10» 


pv  were  to 'pe  permitted  to  vie'.v  the  works  of  tas^e  qiicnt  battles  vitli  tlie  Anstrians,  and  tlie  armv  nf- 
».'d  sp.endor  vilucii  tiic  cont.iried.  How  ever,  ai'.ci 
a  lit!'?  wiiilc  ]  i-eturi;ed.  A  iuusibe!--.:  I'Vig-ii  ,l!nie;: 
v.erepre.>.sH;!:  in,  and  1  enieied inv  b^erved.  A  muii 
v.tiici  brush  was  busjly  einpio- ed  i.i  obli.eraiin;:;; 
riii  eiT)bleVi,iucal  represern:.'ti'jns  Oi  N. 41016011  i;nd 
liis  :.cldcvni«Us:  vi'ie  ti.i^lets  o;  Mosaic  v.'ere  broken 
to  pi.-ce.i.  iis  if  b\  the  jdlt  ot  sword.-.,  and  vaxant  ^p:i. 
r<-s  afipearcd  on  die  Wills,  \v;ie;'ce  iiud  been  :ak:en 
o,  tmi;  erits  0-:  varioii:^  kiiuis.  A  celcbiv.ted  ])ic.iire 
«>  die  emi.eror, 'on  norseb  ck,  v.  idqii  fron  ed  o.ie  ot 
r.essHix  at  the  monjetii  o  '  .ccetvinj^  ids  deadi  wound 
h(i  been' taken  off  A  Frc'iCaniui,  v.ho  h  id  some 
h''!!sehold.oflicc,  ;.nd  o  •v-iium  I  ma'te  mv^el  knovn 
,as  an  Amci  icin,  loid  me  i^i  g'l  e^i  ag-ony,  t:i.it  t))C;. 
Were  dc-i.<  yii;g;  every  lidiv  .  T  e  piiiug'C  of  pic- 
f'lres,  8iC.  C(<rr',i:nie;-;;- and  they  are  now  trikin;;- to 
pieces  and  p.ckinj^  up,  pLns  or  niodel.-i  i.)  has  re- 
lie:  of  th.c  for;  iii^d  voA-ns  o.' P'rance,  to  be  .?ent  .0 
t>  .Irr  s])  ctive  CO  nt  ie«,  Tius  ;ey  wid  became 
3'-^!!ia;n  ed  wit  all  d.e  de'et.ces  of  F.a'ice,  ihrouj>;li 
r.e;in-'.  'lie  iviofif  di.dioiior.ib.e.  T.ie  models  had  ne- 
v"rb(cn  be  ore  exposed,  ind  iev  individuals  knew 
e\ei!  f.f  their  <xi..'e'ice  I  -saw  diem,  t.iey  s^ive  you 
a  hnter  ifleao/acisy,  its  fortifications  andejiviroa-, 
tlipn  tfie  iost  mi'iire  cu  I  ex.iminaiio'i  wo'ud  nJo 
r^  is  as  i :'  \  ou  were  ubove  in  h  h,.  loon,  a. id  li^d  a  moat 


•die  Loire  is  siiii  unsubdued.  Fresh  troops  are  did- 
ly  an-'vi;)|^  in  Frai.ice,  and  this  will  cond.iac  to  hi 
i  le  case  for  some  Ime.  Tlie  allies  will  pour  inti 
tiie  country  6 or  70'J,000  men,  drive  the  people  t(\ 
.ie,-,peration  .-.nd  iasurrec'don,  .md  tiuis  find  an.ipol. 
gy  ior  thcdr  massacres  und  depredations. 
Bni,  what  tneir  in  e;iti  )ns  are,  c.uv.iol  be  posidvc 
ly  asier  ed.  T  le  cdii  tet  of  the  T.miilcries  with. 
Tcdleyrand  and  i-'uuche  (who  Bonaparte  savs  is  ait 
ass)  at  its  iie.td,  are  in  ^-reat  alarm,  and  profoundly 
ijjnorantof  their  desigis.  Tae  kin.^  has  v/ri.ie:i  a. 
levier  to  T.dleyrand,  in  V:iich  ne  cjmpl  .ins  bi.tcrly. 
01  their  cond'.ct;  says  thai  he  wid  )iot  on  ent  long'- 
er  to  witness  their  on;ra.;i-es;  t  lat  he  will  (ly  to 
Spiin  ibr  an  adyuint,  and  thus  leave  his  children  at 
liberty  o  iteteid  themselves  or  make  their  own. 
teriiis  widi  Ids  pretended  friends.  Tiiey  entered, 
..nd  possessed  tuemsclves  of  Fra:ice  under  the  n  e- 
eice  o:'  oppo-.ing'  Boiiapar-e:  low  tiie  armv  of  ;,•.» 
ij.jiseand  t:ie  partial  insurrecdoii  which  t!ie/  are. 
fortunate  enou;j-ii  to  e.-cci  e,  are  tfieir  e.-icises  fdr  ;-e- 
..i..iri.ng.  I.  is  not  su'ficient,  that  the  royal  stand.ird. 
is  every  where  hoisted,  that  the  army  lias  sub.nitied 
to  t;ie  king,  that  all  fche  fortresses  nave  done  tiie. 
s  uiie;  tuey  persevere  in  tneir  hostiliues.  T  icy 
n,.ve  all  .tlon,.j  lieei  at  WdV  widi  the  iiatii);!;  thev  aro. 
pcif(ctvitw.  lob-e.vod  amoig-  those  iiiey  rere  [now  at  wnr  witii  die  king',  dieir  frieiid.  To  conciii- 
purioi.ii  •  ,  CiTibray,  P  .iiippeville,  .Vlaubeug-e,  .it  diciu  urmer,  the  army  must  be  disbanded,  aid 
f.  ra.;:bu  ;  ,  &c.  Would  ii.  noi  seem  tros'.i  this,  that  tne  garrisoned  tovns  delivered  up  to  tliem:  wncjv 
i  wjig  their;  intension  t)  keep  pos.session  of  t;ie 
pieces  llieinsclves.  Ti^ey  have  .dre.dy  tlivi  led  the 
country  inio  departments,  r.nd  fiUed  tiiein  wi  !j 
tiicps.  Frcderi  k  and  .Ak-xsnder  are  f  )r  tiie  jjar- 
t!  i-i'.iirie;s\  ^tem,  ,md  abuse  liie  E'ly^lisn  ibv  briiig- 
irf^L'.iuisback.  as  i.  s-jmewli.at  in  erreres  with  tneir 
p'.-ins,  iii  cor-.seq'ieMce  of  certain  inconvenienc  pro- 
mises v/'.iic!i  have  been  made  t.i  iiim.  Hov,-ever,  ii 
is  prob,  hie  that  die' will  all  gei  over  dieir  scru- 
ples, T  .t-y  are  desnised  now  for  tae  lii  leness  of 
their  viib  inies,  sucn  -.sste-dngnic  ures  and  s-.a  ucs, 
destiO'.in^r  trees  and  g.rdens,  and  ;\irnii.ure  and  pa- 
k'es,  bateringtlie  eagles,  and  -cratcning  our.  uie 
I'.\ter  N.  robbing  the  peiple  o!  t.ieir  money  and  ta- 
king po-session  nfrneir  bouses,  &c..  Let  .iiem  t..ke 
possession  o  liie  countrv!  wi>ere  is  tiiedidiculty.'' 
arc  tiiey  11. >t  Um  si.ns  and  !*ins  i.ns,  and  \u>Lrians, 
nnd  F.ngd  ij!  does  not  .eir  own  conduc.  iuraisli 
preceder.t.''  ai  e  not  P  lian  I,  ..nd  N  irway,  and  S.iXo- 
iiy  and  Ti.dv,  and  tUe  T)anis:.  fleet,  c>ses    in  poin+.'' 


ad  t.iis  is  doue.ii.  !■»  easy  to  fiPCiee  theconserj[.ience3. 
-\  party,  more  royal  liian  tae  kin_^.  Ins  s,irung  up., 
I  1,  fi.neaed  oy  tlie  d  itcaess  of  .^.ngialc  a;,  w  it> 
is  as  111  td  as  a  Vlircii  liare  I'  is  as  ye.  c.ina  <ed  t» 
inesouta:  Uiey  rear  a  wliite  and  gree.'i  cocka  le. — 
Tiie  duke  of  Orleiiis  lias  arrived;  he  has  many 
friends,  an, I  is  sp.tken  of  as  die  commander  of  t.ie. 
army.  He  s^iil  rio  'ae  triis:e  I.  It  w.ts  reported  a 
icvdays  ago,  that  .vl  iclo  add  h.id  been  placed  ai  its 
iCad;  diis  is  not  true.  T.ie  aides  give  many  proofs 
-jf  uneaslne-.^:  taey  augpiieat  t.ieir  guards  i'i  Pjiris, 
.uiduas.ea  t  ledep.u'ture  of  nu  ac'-ous  de.achnicufs 
from  their  respective  Sta.es.  T  ds  .Ti.iybe,  ho  vc7Cr, 
10  give  aninpodng  air  to,  anlco.nnaad  respect 
far  tae  decisi.ins  of  ne  grand  caagresj,  whic.i  ii 
to  be  hc.d  Lacrc;  and  at  vviiica  are  e':pec':cd  to  b^. 
preheat  (in  addivioa  to  tieir  m  ijcdes  of  U  issl  i, 
Prussi :,  .\a5,tria  and — bit  no,  tiiere  is  no  king  o' 
f>  uce,  except  thoie  alre-.dy  mea>ioael)  f;e  -ipse/ 
p!  iace  regent  and  the  devout  Fe.diaaad.  Yo  1  u ill 
have  seen  the  liaal  destraati an  of  i?oaaparle.  I  ctii- 
aot  sudicieady  express  my  astoaishner.t  at  t!i2 
course  aC  has  p  rrsued.  Way  did  he  desert  tlie  r;  - 
my?  wily  abandon  France.?  the  coadact  of  ileiry 
the  fourth  under  somewiiat  similar,  bat  utorede>.)> 
rate  circumstances,  was  widely  disfereat.  He  was 
advised  lo  le  .ve  Lne  country,  but  w.ls  prevented  by 
m  ii'^h.d  liiroa,  who  Said  to  iiiin:  "you  are  dvi,ed 
It  i.  novr  '  e4th  of  Augusi.  An  opportuni  y  via  I  to  Hy  from  France;  fir  my  part,  I  contend,  if  you 
New-York  offers,  ynd  I  embrace  it  .■.  itli  i>lcasure  ai  j  were  now  absent,yo'.i  oug'.t  to  enter  it  at  ail  har.r.r  Is; 
serd  you  this  fetter.  jbu.,  now  ii'you  letire,  3^11  will  do  v.iluatarilv,  what 

Xodiing  is  uiiown  here  o"  tlie  imcrnal  nitua  ionofit'ie  greatest  elforls  of  your  enemies  could  not  ef- 
tnc  countrv.  Tae  papers  are  subject  to  the  sever-' I'cct  la  your  present  situation,  to  lc.;ve  F.uice 
est  inspecti  .n.  They  a!e  eveii  prevented  I'rom  re-  even  for  t.venly-ibur  iioars,  is  to  banish  yoarself 
]Aibli;;dng  toe  nen-s  in  rehrion  to  Fr-uice,  from  Kn- liurevep.  Tae  dangers  w'lich  surround  you  are  not 
j^ii.^li  gazettes,  aiid  they  are  above  all  cautious  in  as  great  as  they  are  represented;  and,  those  by 
■saying  any  thing  hat  can  offend  the  allies, or  encou-jwhom  you  are  opposed,  are  the  same  wlio  you  have- 
rage  a  spirit  o  le-istance  o  their  multiplied  insults  [already  dtfeaied.  In  fine,  we  are  in  Frauce;  and 
and  outrages.  No' wiihstanding,  iioAevcr,t!ie  tre.ich-  here  we  must  be  buried.  Waen  a  crown  is  the  prize, 
ery  or  perhaps  imbeci!it\  o^'the  kiag,  and  the  mean-  it  is  r.ectssary  to  obtain  it,  or  peris!i  in  the  attempt. 


1 ,  not  tlie  arstory  or  prpscn:  times  mere  eaitaplis  o: 
r.iurdcied  n.itions.  Be  ides,  by  ge^ dug  ri  1  of  li.)- 
iiaparle,  hy  placiag  a  IJaurbon  on  the  throne,  notii 
ing  is  effected.  T  le  Fienca  pcojile  .dready  prep.u'e 
t!  ed.iy  o<'r  trib  idoa.  This  conspirr.cy  01  kings  is 
iinderstodd.  T  run's,  howerer  combii;ed  .aid  con- 
federal etl,  are  never  s.ife;  ar.d  I'r.aice,  if  suffered 
to  exist,  will  briag  about  laeir  certain  des  ruction. 


iiess  of  Paris,    many  s  rongiy  firtiiied    towns  stilllWucn  there 


s.Lf^tv  for  vour  p.erson,   but 


holdout:  among  the  re-.t  may  be  mer.tioned  Long- ]  flight,  11  is  best  u  thousand  times  to  die  tiian  save  it 

Tne  eQU.ieiaer.GCs   of  Ws 


wy.    Me./,     Lind:ai.    Huning-uei,    .Swa-birg;    the  i  by  suca    means,"    &c. 
•wbole  p.-^vinc?  of  Alitace  i«  in  arms,  ii..pp  hasfve-iiinjmcss  we  all  knew. 


iio_ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  Nil.ES'  REGISTER— EVE/NTS  IN  PARIS. 


In  clelive-rinp;'  himself  up  to  the  Enji^'lish,  Rona- 
parte  rcnn.rked  siibstnnlialh-,  that  he  intrMs^ed  him- 
seif  lo  a  nafion,  in  preference  to  an  iiidiviJinl. — 
Wl'cp  such  fe'.lo-.v?  fiill  tlieniselves  into  difUcihics, 
the\'  kroM'  the  difTevence  between  a  g-oveniment  of 
laws,  and  a  despotism  It  is  a  vaiii;\ble  comment  rv 
on  hi«  own  condiici  and  thepre  err-ions  ofnioinrciis. 
I  have  it  "rom  a  crentleman  '"ho  lie  rd  ?ener;d  !»lu- 
clior  sav,  ♦h.t  he  nn^'ht  have  e  cape<l  with  c".-<e  to 
the  United  States.  I  am  sirorised  lie  did  no'  do  so, 
li;'.d  that  been  the  ca.^e.  I  ri-ive  yon  now  in  liaste  the 
reports  of  -lie  dav  The  allies"  re^i'^e  all  e-qd-ma- 
tions  oftheir  co?idnct  or  ii-iten'ioT^ — the--  insist  that 
tiie  armv  shr'l  be  iiTimedi  tely  di  b  r.ded,  and  the 
ior'resse.  delivered  np  to  them  Ordei-s  to  'his  ef- 
fect, were  c-iven  vcsicrdav.  T  ilcvrandand  P'o'ic  le 
■wish  for  the  appnintme^it  of  the  diike  of  Orleans, 
as  g-eneralissiino.  FTe  is  disposed  io  hoist  the  nation- 
al colors,  in  or-position  to  them,  and  heroval  bid;:^e 
the  c-vcen,  thp  colors  of  Artois,  bcrin  to  appear. — 
The  conn  I  d'yVr^ois  was  formerly  commander  in 
e'ief,  and  'hre-itens  to  le.ve  the  coiintr\-,  i'"  the 
<l''ke  of  O-'leans  is  anp.-nnfed  Tlie  utmost  confu- 
si'Mi  and  division  rei^''n  at  the  Thillleries.  Thev 
have  at  least  three  pirties;  the  kinsrs,  th.e  d  'ke  of 
Artois,  and  the  duke  o^  Orleans,  '('lie  majority  of 
the  rat  on  will  snnport  the  hitter.  A  variety  of  rn- 
mors,  many  of  them  idje  no  doubt,  but  tendinc;'  'o 
shew  ihe  state  of  the  public  mind,  now  circuhi'.e 
and  create  consiilera.bte  arri'alion.  It  is  Stid,  that 
firPM'orks  .are  nrenuring-  for  the  des'ruc  ion  of  the 
ci^v,  that  the  kinsr  is  about  to  den  r  ,  and  t*'.at  the 
empress  and  her  son  areat  Font.dnbie::u.  Bonaparte 
is  <  ill  believed  hv  r  Sfi-eaf  many  people  hereto  be 
an  Frf-nce  I  hnd  a  onversa'ion  with  the  m.arqnis 
dehn  Fa\et"e  ves^erdav;  he  says  that  every  ihinsi-  is 
as  had  as  -t  can  be;  hmvevp;-,  still  hopes  tiiat  libe- 
ral ririncioles  o^  .Gfovernment  will  idtimatcly  be 
established  in  France  and  o' her  parts  of  Europe. 

Paris,  .^yrnut,  1S1.'>. — T  have  more  tlian  onceg-iv- 
en  it  as  mi-  noinion,  that  the  prii'clnles  of  an  en- 
lip"'  tened  liher*v,  would  ultimalch  prevail  in  F:-  .nee 
To  pre'\-ent  this,  thei-e  is  no  other  means  th.an  the 
total  desfrnr-ion  of  the  coimtrv.  'I'lte  combinaiion 
o*"  kinirs  will  in  v,';in  attempt  the  Cj'ablish.mcnt  of 
desiioticm  in  an v  other  way.  Enraped,  r./Jier  tlian 
instructed,  bv  past  events,  in  v  in  they  jinrs'ie  the 
friend«  of  freedom;  in  vain  endeavor  to  arrest  the 
procfrpss  o*"  nhilosonhv,  and  re.s'ore  the  old  onler  of 
th.injrs,  under  the  pretext  of  peace  aud  reg-ular  go- 
rei-nment. 

For  more  than  twenty  years,  a  necessary  revolu- 
tion has  atri^^ated  Eu.rope.  It  went  near  to  desirov 
the  assumed  power  of  a  priviledjred  class:  ptiblic 
oninion  contended  successfully  air^iinst  titles  and 
priests,  and  armies,  and  wealth;  the  cons:  ituenl  parts 
of  thepriviledg-ed  class,  or  its  best  support.  Hona- 
parte  appeared  on  the  theatre  of  the  world.  He 
imposed  on  France  an  iron  yoke;  lihertv  w,:s  everv 
T.'herf  proscribed;  the  prerocr.itives  of  power  could 
not  he  loo  far  extended;  nor  the  arbitrary  will  of 
an  i-idividual  too  fully  acknowledre.l.  His  tyran- 
ny lost  him  France,  or,  in  other  words,  public  oiiin- 
ion  ab-indoned  him.  A  family,  wliich  harl  once  oc- 
cupied, returned  to  fill  the  throne.  They  were  not 
invited  ba'rkbv  the  people;  they  were  inposcl  up- 
on them  by  the  force  of  foreitjn  buvonets.  Tliey 
came,  surroimded  by  those  like  the  nseives,  is^no- 
rintof  a  country  from  which  they  had  been  absent 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Absolute  power  in  tlie 
monarch  was  not  only  the  best  insiitullon  tkey  could 
devise;  it  was  the  only  resource. 

What  happened?  the  atmosf)here  o'"  the   present 
'ag«,  poisoned  tlie  old  lovers  qI"  the  past.     AJU  tlieir 


theories  in  favor  of  what  ivim,  were  destroyed  by 
die  I'biceof  wliat  «,•  their  dc^g'ivias  vci'c  de,,pi.-.edr 
their  antiqiiatcd  notions  ridiculed;  f;;c's  belied  iiipir 
assertions,  and  dis:.ppointcd  tl.eir  anlici; unions. — 
Their  eyes  were  half  opened,  and  at  lenjfth,  they 
promtdpra'ed  acons^iuition,  whi.;h  conseo.iicdsiT.ie 
of  th.e  best  principles  0''  t!-.c  c;,rly  statues  of  ti;e  ic- 
volu'ion.  It  v-'.<  loo  lats — p  ihlic  opii'.i  .n,  t!ie  oily 
found. ition  on  widcli  g'overnitu-nts  ci^n  rest,  in  tii?, 
absence  of  bavonets.  (and  thcLayonets  were  absen.) 
had  slid  from  under  tliem. 

Bonaparte  re-:ippeared.  He  was  not  oj^po.^ed  hy 
the  natiov;  he  was  cniluisiastlcally  received  hy  t:  e 
army.  It  vviiS  not  forjvotien  that  he 'li:  d  denounced 
all  liberal  pi  inciple  ;  hi-;  cant  ;ibout  i\!eoleg;v,  .and 
tlie  m\.ste;  ie:,  of  atrdioj-ity,  "/ere  v.cU  renicrubeiird. 
He  was  a.a;;.in  jjrepured  to  re-coinmencc  a  fi'ijvIir.Vd 
•yranny;  but,  son;dble,  in  a  litde  while  oi  the  itn.p- 
ni'.ude  of  hi-;  mi:it:;ke,  t!je  master  or  Frar.ce  was  .d- 
so  coinpciled  to  conciliate  the  general  will;  to  oi  cy 
the  jrcneral  voice.  Arou^id  his  tlirone,  noih.inf;-  was 
lieard  but  acciama'ions  of  iihcriy  an  I  cquuiitv,  <le- 
nuncia  ions  of  arbitrary  power,  and  solemn  recot^- 
niiions  of  the  sovereiynt}'  of  the  peoj^le.  The  c<,>n- 
stitu'ion  whicli  he  proposed,  contained  the  best 
principles  ofth.a  w!iich  o  -eil  its  bir  h.  t)  his  prcde-. 
ccssor,  bedde.^  fuiihier  evid.eaccs  of  the  iiu'lucnce 
of  diat  spirit  o'  improvement,  wiiic'i  neither  tlie 
Loin.,'s  nor  th.e  Ronap..re3  have  fbmid  tlienv. elves 
sufficiently  powerful  to  destroy.  The  scco:-.d  .ad- 
vent of  jV.ipoleon  to  the  throne,  was  not  rnort-  raj/id 
than  his  fllixht  fr mi  it.  He  was  not,  ii  is  true,  dri\- 
en  away,  like  tr.e  15  ;urbons,  by  public  opinion,  but 
he  w.;s  chased  thence  b-  70U,60.J  f);ei.:;-nb  yone  s — 
bv  700,000  foreiiiu  bayonets,  v.hii-h  have  replaced 
•he  crovvu  on  the  he.id  of  Louis.  T!ie  Freacii  peo- 
ple, who  are  alone  concerned,  litive  neither  const;;*- 
ed,  nor  have  thev  been  consulted  They  are  cun- 
sjilcrec'  as  havins''  no  more  to  do  \x  ith  the  aft.drs  of 
France  than  wiiii  tliose  of  Japan  Tiieir  interests 
are  sequestered;  and  tor  the  pre.-.enr  jihijecd  in  the 
hands  of  Don  Coss.acks,  Pandours  and  Scotch  Hii!;'.i- 
landers.  The  flock  lias  been  consi.^ned  •'  by  trie 
shcph.erd  to  the  safe  ktc-|jir.g'  of  wolves;  but  he  w  ho 
"  empers  the  wind  to  the  shorn  lamb,"  jdties,  asid 
will  relieve  Jhcir  suiT'ciiiig's. 

The  stiperanuatcd  dynast;!'  roused  by  recent  even'* 
att  ibute  their  h'.te  fall  to  the  mildness  of  their  s^o- 
v«rnmenl.  Tiieir  flatterers  demand  incessantly, 
proscriptions,  confiscations,  exiles,  and  the  re-esta- 
blishirent  of  the  ancient  raon.archy,  with  all  is  pow- 
ers. Nothin.q-is  h.eard  but  exciieincntto  reveng-e. — 
\A'hat  will  be  the  immediate  residt  of  these  mena- 
cing-symploms,  it  is  difficult  to  say.  f$ut  the  prin- 
ciple of  despo  ism  is  dead — it  does  not  suit  the  ag-e* 
Tiie  present  crowned  conspirators  will  awake  to  this 
truth. — Liberty,  lniwever  threatened,  has  not  been 
entirely  smothered;  she  has  kept  herself  afloat  in 
the  most  dre;'dfid  storms;  she  will  survive  even  this 
most  dreadful  :ri.d3.  The  friends  of  arbiirarv  ati 
thority  have  £>-aine<l  nothin.s;-  by  t!ie  destruction  of 
Bonaparte:  tliey  iiave  removed  from  power  this  "mun. 
of  ilestinif,"  as  he  called  hiiuself,  than  whom  despo- 
tism never  had  a  siricerer  or  an  abler  advocate.  He 
ha  I  conceived  t^-reat  sciiemes  to  j^ive  it  solidity;  he 
h.ad  denounced  totiie  world,  that  dangerous  tiiction, 
the  republicans,  wiiom  he  denominated  "ideologues 
et  lies  /i6e?-t/7;x,"  ag'ainst  whom  he  manifested  on  all 
occasions  the  most  deadly  hatred.  They  liave  re- 
moved him  from  tlie  throne,  and  placed  upon  it  a 
leoritimate  soverei:fn  of  the  same  principle.!  no  doubt, 
h  it  not  as  competent  to  give  them  tli^.'^  ;>upf  ert 
witkottl  viiioli  they  sanuot  buvvive. 


SUPPLE?,IEXT  TO  NILf.S'  RRGISTETl—EVENTS  IN  PARIS. 


lit 


7"-.c  nnlv  TTiofle,  tiiPn  to  e?:tiiig-nish  the  principles 
•tt^'ich  Hievi-o  ir.ticii  ..iMor,  i.s,  ;.»  I  luivc  bcioi-e  .s.ii'l, 
to  divide  nnd  aniui.ilute  France.  Will  his  be  done? 
■will  tiie  Kiiies fir! her  (li-ji-eg'aicl  U:e  solemn  cngag-e- 
men's  tiiev  have  conrricted,  iind  continue  long-er  to 
truninie niKler  loot  their  prncL.nuaions  and  promises? 
a'rciidy  (i^cv  Iipac acted  wiJi  a  degvet-  ofairoci.y  lo 
v]^lrhld.:rorv  presents  lu;  no  par;il'e  .  They  i^tiempt 
tr)  cxcu.=  e  tlieU-  exac  ions,  llieir  dcvasi;nion.s,  :i;id 
their  rnbhcrips,  by  citing'  the  rondiict  or  Bonapune 

T^ut  ^or.,;pai-e    entered  Berlin    iuid    Vienna  us  a 

c^nn-ieror;  !iP  iulvanced  to  Moscow  us  an  enemy. — 
ire  (iid  no  derl.sre  to  ti.c  .Viistrians,  nor  the  Priis- 
si  .!'s,  nor  to  the  R!is:.i;.us,  that  he  cair.e  to  re-esta- 
b!i-.Ii  alegilimateking-.  ThathevMS  the  friend  ot 
t!  is  kii-.p;;  tiiut  he  only  ibug-hf  a(r:dnst  a  p.irticiiLa- 
iiir'ividi'.id,  and  *hat  liis  desrnC ion  would  be  the 
sis^iinl  of  a  ."sincere  and  honorable  pc.ce.  B'lt  ail 
tlds,  lhe\  have  s;.id  and  swoi-.t.  What  have  been 
tl  eir  <!.".«iis  but  pevi'i,  ie:  ?  tl:eir  promises  but  snares? 
thtir-curses  biitde.i^h.'  \vhe;i  they  hrail  have  suc- 
(  ©ceded  in  possessiii.c^  themselves  o.'  the  stroni^  liolds 
of  tl>c  coi'.ntry,  when  the  army  shall  li.,ve  been  dis- 
tandr:T,  when  tliey  shall  have  stript  the  pejiple  oi 
Ihcir  arms,  will  they  s'.op  midway  in  their  cour:,e, 
before  they  reach  that  pniiv  to  wliich  llieir  su-p.s 
co;,duc';  hcf^rethev;xcompiish  tisat  object  to  whic.i 
their  mea.stires  are  p;  ep-u-atory, or  orlieruise  iiselciis 
prd  iini'.<^ccssary.  1  h:-ve  convei^ed  witli  many  fo- 
reign officers.  "They  say,  that  France  will  not  be 
&li.';g;et^>.er  partiUOi.Vd  and  cut  up,  but  that  by  tlie 
l-inie  tiiey  ie:'ve  her,  siie  will  be  reduced  to  a  situa- 
tion that  will  prevent  her  from  a.q-ain  disturbing-  the 
trr.nquiiityof  F.urope.  All  this,  if  true,  is  very  in- 
telligible.' They  will  remain  wliere  they  are  lor  a 
loujT  time;  keep"  possession  of  the  fbri-esses;  slice 
of^some  of  the  departments;  intimidate  and  impo- 
verisl)  t  e  pecple.  But  the  concep  ion  of  g-rand  de- 
F,i;i-ns,  is  more  easy  than  their  accompailnnent. — 
Tisekiutrs  may  quarrel,  althougli  ihere  is  honor  a- 
mong-them.  Their  armies  ma}'  find  a  capua  in  Pa- 
ri.-,—n;>v,  as  the  French  did  in  Americ,  imbibe  prin- 
ciples ot'  ideoh)g-y.  Above  all,  France  may  imitate 
Spain,  and  Austria,  and  Kussia  and  Prussia,  and 
consider  her  invaders,  tmdcr  whatever  pretext,  as 
her  enemies — and  who  are  they  wiio  pi-oi'ess  for  lier 
§uch  warmth  of  affection?  the  Eiig-lish  who  consi- 
der, and  have  for  age.;,  considered  tier  as  their  natu- 
ral enemy — the  Russians,  who  have  shown  so  much 
respect  to  the  independence  of  Poland — tne  Austri- 
ans  and  Prussians,  w!io,  more  than  twenty  years  ago, 
while  they  pretended  to  assist  tiie  king-,  signed  the 
treaty  of  Pilniiz.  Tlie  energy  of  the  revolution, 
and  not  the  justice  or  love  of  xhese  s:.me  allies,  sa- 
ved her  then.  Will  she,  wiien  her  ruin  is  more  cer- 
tainly tlu-eatened,  indi'lg-e  in  foolish  confidence,  and 
vieid  without  a  strugg^le? 

Tiie  people  now  endure  a  double  tyranny.  The 
exactions  of  the  foreig-ners  among  them  are  intoler- 
able, their  insolence  v/orse.  I'hey  not  only  marcii 
in  ail  directions  over  tiie  coiniiry,  destroying  their 
■woods,  their  public  edifices  and  their  harvests; 
brci'king  up  all  domestic  quiet  bv  intruding-  into 
their  liouses  and  u.sing  at  will,  their  purse,  their 
•wine  and  every  thing  else  tiiey  may  choose,  exclu- 
di;ig  tliem  from  places  of  public  amuscment.s,  and 
tiampling  diem  in  tiie  streets;  but,  amidst  all  this 
•oppie.-?.si(jn,tl;ey  arcucnied  bv  theirowu  government, 
the  jjoor  privilege  oi"  cunipliiidng.  A  ])a|>er,  "I'hc 
Itulependent,'  to  wliicii  I  subscribed,  dared  to  coni- 
Tnent,  loudly  enough  to  be  sure,  on  this  state  of 
tilings;  it  was  oifensive  to  the  allies,  t!ie  king's 
friend:;:  the  paper  W'ls  suppressed;  the  editor  thus 
notices  the  eircmaitai:ce>  th;vt  "linding-  himself  uii- 


expededly  incapable  of  complying  with  hi'?  engag-e* 
nciits  wi'h  his  subsc,  ibers,  lie  had  contracted  wi  \x 
the  proprie.or  of  theEcho  du  l^oire  to  furnisli  them 
with  that  papei-."  All  the  journals  widi  'he  slig:  t- 
est  pretensions  to  independence,  h.^ve  been  put 
down. 

The  destruction  of  the  liberty  of  the  press  ha» 
bto  ibliowed  up  by  the  anniiiila  ion  of  t!ie  army, 
by  ex.ensive  proscription,  by  the  assassination  of 
Brunc,  tlie  arrest  of  Labedoyere  and  Ney,  the  fli;;-iifc 
of  Clausel  and  others.  T.'.e  rovalists  exliibit  them- 
selves in  their  true  cnlours.  Jacobinism  was  never 
so  prospciou.;;  and  vengeance,  and  blood,  and  ter.t*- 
are  the  order  of  the  day.  Tne  prev-diing- party  feel 
that  their  power  is  ephemeral  and  accidental;  it  is 
his  that  renders  them  furious.  Their  weakness  ■■» 
>iie  cause  of  their  ferocity.  Can  it  be  believed,  th  .t 
unoment  of  alarm  and  intimidation  will  be  suffici- 
ent to  destroy  sentiments  o."  national  independence 
and  iirtUonal  freedom?  riic  press  may  bedesti-o  :  d, 
ihemoudi  ma}  beclosed,  b  t  the  etenal  sentime  ts 
o'  liberty  v.ill  live  in  the  hear  ;  uowever  surroinded 
by  br.yonets,  the  Louises,  anrl  Robespierres,  and  Na- 
poleons, and  Talieyran  s,  will  be  readied  and  van- 
quislied  by  pnSUc  opinion. 

1  converse  frequently  with  Frenchmen  of  all  d*^- 
.-.criptions  Tney  express  the  opinions  lo  which  I 
Have  given  utterance.  Amidst  their  grie  ,  and  in- 
digna  ion,  and  te.irs,  they  siill  hope  for  befer  times, 
I  talk  to  the  common  people,  they  shudder  at  the 
situation  of  tlie  country.  'When  they  can  do  it  ia 
safety,  they  give  way  to  feeli;igs  oi"  madness  and 
rage.  They  all  agree  hat  they  owe  their  humiliation 
principally  to  England;  that  'she  has  at  length  suc- 
ceeded in  what  siie  h..s  wished  for  centuries  to  ac- 
complish; diut  the  ruin  of  France  is  her  object,  tl  e 
establi:;]inien  of  the  Botu'bons  on  her  part"  a  meie 
pretence;  and  that  she  has  engaged  in  theroy.al  con- 
spiracy ag-ainst  lii)erty,  to  effect  lier  par"  icular  views. 

Tlie  rights  and  privileges  wliich  die  people  have, 
within  a  few  montlis,  wrung-  from  their  kings,  do 
not  escape  observaion.  Tlie  courteousness  of  Alex- 
ander, thereceni  principles  promulgited  by  the  A'.i- 
s  rian,  Prtissiaii  and  Dutch  monarchs,  a  e  attribu- 
ted, not  to  their  liberality,  but  to  tlieir  fe.irs.  It  will 
be  found  that  there  is  no  stopping-  mid  way.  Man- 
kind will  enjoy  all  their  rights  or  none  freedom  or 
slavery.  Ferdinand  shows  himself  more  intelligent 
than  any  of  them,  lie  has  acted  wisely  in  establish- 
ing the  inquisition;  an  army  of  priests  is  the  best 
that  a  tyrant  can  command.  Let  Louis,  if  he  vvishe* 
to  reign,  follow  his  example;  re-build  the  bastiic, 
renew  lettres  de  cutchet,  revive  monks  and  nuns,  and 
religious  mummeries,  they  are  of  the  escence  of 
nionarchy.  In  what  besides  consisted  the  former 
government  of  the  Bourbons?  did  the\-  not  tumble 
together  and  sli..re  the  same  fate?  Shake  f.om  a 
buiklii'g  it.*  tbundation,  can  it  stand?  Tlie  cunstitti- 
tion  which  he  now  offers,  willprove  his  cer.ain  ri:in. 
\.  is  impossible  that  there  sh.ould  not  be  among  the 
representatives,  who  are  to  convene  under  it,  a  great 
many  inenot  lilieral  and  enlightened  views.  A  poii- 
lical  body  th;',s  composed,  will,  dav  .ifier d.ay  'rench 
upon  ids  privileges,  ■.ill  as  a  king-,  lie  ceases  to  exist. 
Corruption,  bu  still  more  a  tlious.and  old  abuses  de- 
riving- streiigtii  from  their  antiquity,  sustain  the  roy- 
al branch  of  the  Englisli  government.  The  king' 
would  cease  to  exist,  ii  the  representative  body  de- 
scr\ed  die  nameorwas  diiferendy constituted.  T;!C 
Frcncli  legislative asscn.iuy  may  be  corrupted,  but 
tlie  coruption  will  not  liC  so  available  to  royalty,  be- 
cause it  will  not  be  so  nif-eiy  and  perfect Iv  .systema- 
tised.  The  kiig  of  Wurtemburg  thought  to  pre- 
seiTe,if  not  to  su-eiig-tiien  Kis  pfiner  ijy  means  of  an 


il3 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NTLKS'  PvSGISTER— EVENTS  IN  PA^.IS. 


assemblv  of  depulies,  namcvl,  not  very  fai;-ly  or  j^ene-l 
rail'.',  however,  bv  tlie  people.  Tiiey  were  scarcely  I 
Convened,  wl'.eii  liiey  begruii,  accord insr  o  his  m  .je:i- 
t^,  to  intei-nieddle  in  af}".ur^s  u'lilcii  did  not  conce.  n 
tiiem — lliev  were  I'orthwi  !i  dismissed.  Tnis  very 
prnbablv  will  be  tlie  Tuts  of  the  LVncn  ;md  Prussian 
assemblies.  In  the  present  content  be  v.ecn  t!'.e  kinj;s 
and  ihe  jieopte,  all  die  powers  of  t;oveiini.e:it  iue 
necest.ary  to  the  tbrnier.  'I'liey  must  pos.sess  vveakii, 
have  arniies  at  will,  leg'isl  .le,  judg'e  a'nd  execute;  i. 
is  only  in  tliis  way  thai  they  can  sustain  their  pre- 
tensions. Divide  the  power  they  li;ive  usurped,  wiih 
the  nei)|)le,  let  tlicin  paruc:p..ie — they  s.t  up  tneir 
riu^hts,  p;  i'  ileg-es,  and  prer(^y:ui  ives,  and  pre  en.sions. 
:ind  v/ror,p:s  diL-apjjear, and  king's  and  ai  isocruts  with 
them. — This  is  the  naiur.d  course  ofihitig's. 

1  have  already  meiitinned  the  arrest  ui  Labedoyere. 
lie  was  colonel  of  a  regimeni  at  Grenobie;  and  wias 
g'uiit\-,  in  common  \\  ilh  the  whole  arniy  and  na.ion, 
Oi"  joining-  l$on:ipaiJ;e.  lie  became  a  great  tlivounte, 
and  was  elevrtied  to  a  seat  in  (lie  house  oi  )iecrj*  I 
gave  you  a  specimen  of  his  violence,  and  ins  attach- 
ment" to  !ns  master:  he  has  been  tried  and  found 
guilvy  of  rebellion  and  treason.  If  he  had  opposed 
Eonspaile,  but  for  his  overuirow,  he  vvou'd  iii  ihat 
c:.se  also  liave  been  g'uihy  of  ti'ie  same  crime,  so 
tli.it  the  people  are  placed  in  a  ple.isant  dilemma, 
when  two  fellows,  called  king->,  cnoose  t.o  coi-ie  to 
blows  with  each  other.  His  c.se  is  to  be  re-heard, 
but  it  i5;supp;;sed  he  will  be  executed,  ad  tliat  too, 
muler  the  auspices  of  i'ouche.  He  lias  commilled 
bui  one  ire:.son,  and  Fonc'ae  a  dozen.  Foucae  voted 
i'ot  t'ne  deadi  of  Lo.;i;;  16th — betrayed  the  republic — 
joined  Napoleon — abandoned  liiui — joined  Louis  18;  n 
— abandoned  him— j'liaed  Bonaparte  again — again 
abAn<loned  i/im — and  is  nowprinis  minisi.erof Louis. 
— .\  few  weeks  ago,  lie  ortieredCarnot  lo  leave  Paris; 
in  consequence  the  iollowing  laconic  and  c!iarac'er- 
i.-iic  no-.es,  pas.icd  between  them: — Carnot — "Uu 
■s  eu;, 'uque  j':uile,  traitre.'"  Fouclie — "Ou  ta  vou- 
dras,  imbicille!"  I  saw  him  a  nig-lit  or  two  afjo  at 
rnadame  Catalani's  concert.  He  has  lavely  married 
a  voung  and  beautiful  woman;  he  has  tiie  appcarace 
oi' being  about  si.xty,  and  looks  like  the  devil. 

I'iie  conmion  people,  so  i'or  f.'om  believing  that 
Eonaparie  is  sent  to  tlie  island  of  Si.  Helena,  do  no: 
believe  that  he  has  left  France.  Tids  is  one  of  the 
•cirects  of  an  enslaved  press;  tiiey  coiiride  in  notiiing 
t.hat  is  published.  1  am  told  every  day  that  he  i.i  sdll 
ill  the  country  'I'hey  yieltl  with  much  diPficulu 
and  regret,  to  the  idea  of  his  absence,  and  tncy  con- 
sole fnem- elves  with  the  ho|)e,  that  the  aiciidukc' 
Charles  will  get  posses.sion  of  tiie  throne,  and  occu- 
•py  it  as  regent  during  tiie  minoriiy  of  Napoleon  2d. 
Tiiiise  of  tliem  v/ho  do  not  takv,this  ground,  exprcjs 
their  wishes  unei)uiv(yCaliy  in  favor  of  our  free  go- 
vernment and  ouiitry,  witii  the  most  cndiusiastic 
admiration,  and  say,  twenty  years  hence,  we  must 
l-e»'eiige  tiie  cause  of  the  Frenc;i  and  other  peo;;:leoi' 
J>aro;)e. 

1  fell  into  conversation  a  few  nights  ag-o,  at  the 
cpcr;.,  Vi'iiii  a  Hung'arian  oiTicei;  he  sp(.kc  of  the 
^English  government  wiiii  mucn  admiration,  s;tid 
tiiat  tlieir  g.,veriimcnt  in  Ila.ig:iry  was,  next  to  ii, 
t!ie  freest  in  Europe;  that  they  enjoyed  the  siiadow 
of  liberty,  wiiich  tiiey  must  cherish,  as  tiiey  were 
deprived  of  the  substance.  I  loid  him  I  was  an  A- 
i'nericaii:  '•Then  you  are  an  innaintiiit.  of  tlie  happi 
tst  and  freest  country  on  ea:  t!i" — and  so  liuae  been 
'told  by  (lei'iiians,  liussiuus  ai'l  'Jiitch. 

Vv'iiut  a  sli.g'uiar  spectac.e  I'aris  now  exhibits. — 
Since  the  creaiion  of  the  world  nothing'  like  it  ha  . 
))ecn  wit  lessed.     Paris  is  no    OMger  <  i'rench  tov 
iXiUiVQ  h  Fritace  np  njcre.     WalJ»  die  Soviievarcbj 


the  gardens,  tiie  palais  roj'al;  visit  the  tlieatres,  the 
cfiiice  housC.;,  you  see  a  do/;en  foreiuiiers  or  a 
F  enchmaii.  You  find  your.-'cu  surrounded  by  gi-oii  is 
of  English,  Russians,  Coss..ck3,  Sco'^cli  lii.(al<inders, 
Pi-ussians,  Aus  rims,  Hung.udans,  Germans,  Du  cii, 
Italians,  ail  speJiiUg  their  iespecti\e  linigtiav!-cs, 
weiring  tiieir  ou  re  fhesse.s,  .jid  i.idu!  ing  their  ,e- 
culi^n- ta.jtes  and  iiabits,  and  piesenting  to  \ou  at 
one  glance,  sometidng  thai  belongs  io  the  appcr- 
anceot  tlie  iniiabiiaiits  of'  ever\  siaie  in  Europe.  T  le 
scene  is  interesting^  and  insti-uc  ive,  and  niig^»t  be 
graii;;,  ing",  i;  I  couid  :djsiract  mvaeif  r  om  .ho-se  t>el- 
iiiiC-s  or're  ret  and  indignatio.i  which  it  nevei  f.dls 
o  exci'c. 

Colonel  Labedo  ere  has  been  shot.  A  few  hours- 
before  liis  execnii>jii,  ids  wife,  a  be.ni  i;'nl  young'  '.'o- 
man,  threw  iier.self  iitthe  I'eet  of  tiiekin^^a.3  he  n  s- 
sed  through  liie  crowd  lo  .hi.-,  cani.ge,  and  implo- 
red hi-,  pardon;  ii  Was  bru  ally  refused:  sne  ai.-ned 
away,  ;.nd  was  c.irried  oh"  b\'  he:-  f  iend>  in  i  slait-  of 
insensibility.  Hei-  ag-^ny  would  h<.ve  forced  -e  i-s 
down  PlutoV  iron  ciicek;  but  monarch.s  are  abo-,-e 
such  weakness.  Tne  execu  ion  took  IcenCiiri.ie 
w.iodor  Boal  g^-.e,  .iinid^t  a  cro-vd  o  indignant  cI- 
SOI  rowful  spe.  'alors.  Tlie  unf^ntun.ae  victim,  ■vi'ii 
a  lirm  counie.'i  JicC;  his  e-  e.,  fixed  on  the  picine  of 
;.io  wife,  widch  'vns  held  up  to  his  view  by  a  f  lend, 
gMve  iiintsetf,  ids  death  sign.il;  a  bdl  en  ered  hi* 
foreiie.d  i.vootiieis  nis  bieasi,  wjiich  he  Uid  expo- 
sed n.Jced  to  Uieiriire,  and  he  fell''.d  iKjuf  a  gro:m. 

iMar.-^iial  Ney  h,>.s  arrived;  hi;;  turn  comes  nex  ;  but 
il  is  piob  lile  diat  id-,  wealth,  hi,  n  merous  lo  •atx- 
ion.i,  aad  above  all  ids  iaie  b.^ts  c-./idict  in  reiiiion 
to  IJonapa,  ^e,  may  preven  his  condemnation.  .Sacli 
proceediuj^s  ai-e  as  impuiiiic  .is  hey  ure  ci  ne!.  Uo-- 
naparie  suffered  •  his  very  king-  and  all  tiie  brood  o 
return  unmolis'.ed.  He  shed  no  blood  but  tliat  of 
tne  invadeis  or  Fr.mce.  I  hoped  tlia  he  maifnani- 
nious  Cz;u-  deCos  ;;  ck,  d'.\  .[r;ic-ia  i,  <le  Poiogne,  de 
Slberic,dclaC.ier.-iO:-.cseTai.-ique,  &c  &c  &c.  wo  i  d 
have  interfered;  bu  i  i.  said  tna  l,,ese  prosecu.io  irf 
are  carried  on  at  the  iusuuice  o-  the  allied  sove- 
reigns. I:  is  very  clear  tnat  tney  vciid  n  -t  prevail, 
but  for  '.heir  pre.jeiice.  The  Uri'isli  govermnent 
loo,  thoug'::  ti'.eir  passions  urge  vengeance  agai  ist 
a-ai'.ors — and  as  Louis  owes,  arter  the  Lord  above,  rds 
crown  to  the  liOid  GasdeiCagii,  liie  viceroy  must, 
OI  com-se  Cinnply. 

There  is  little  of  a  p'iblic  nature  to  exci- e  interest 
at  present.  Tnir.jjs  remain  staiionar\.  Ttie  .kin.^'s 
are  here  a.id  their  armies,  antl  we  he..r  notiiing  of 
their  ulterior  viewj.  Not  one  wnni  is  said  of  tne 
probable  time  of  Jieir  returning'  to  their  respective 
dominions;  in  the  ntean  while,  there  is  n»  w.jit  of 
gaiety  and  amusement;  I  go  freqiier.th  to  ha  ihea- 
're  Fri'-ucois — tiie  pieces  are  well  selected  and  ad- 
nd!a!)ly  performed,  every  part  is  well  sustained; 
but  Tiilma  and  IMademoijelles  George,  .VJars  and 
L'ucliesnes  are  par  iculariy  distinguished.  I  have 
never  before  seen  sucli  excelientac  ing,  aitiio'f  liave 
been  pi  esentwlie;iGooper  in  the  U.  S.and  Keane  ..nA 
mi-s  O'Neal  in  London,  peif  iruicd  some  of  their 
avorile  parts  T-.e  ilttie  theatres,  us  they  are  c-lied 
.^re  wtil  worUi  atiending-.  There  are  at  least  ado/ien 
of  t'^cni;  they  are  open  every  evening,  and  for  tne 
most  part  well  filled.  I  wen  a  few  nignts  ago,  ta 
the  iieatre  Ambigu,  Coiniijue,  to  witness  the  le- 
.iresenfution  oi  jra.iluujton,  or  ths  Pemuvilvaiua  Ov- 
'•han.  Ii.  iirtS  ijcen  b. ought  upcjit  the  otjge  iir  twenty 
dglits  in  sviccession.  It  is  a  leas-  ..s  mucli  applau- 
ded as  it  dcicves  to  be;  and  ii  gives  me  iniicu  plea- 
iure  to  beiivjve  tliat  tlie  aame  iso;  g.eu  service  o  it. 
'^at,  it  is  by  no  means  ur.-,d  ule  of  metii,  cotiiains 
m.+ny  M.if  ieitUaiiials,  :yij  jp  ciirhed  tai  a'at^h  tiiU^ir 


^U?PLS!\!KNT  TO  NILr.S'  RRGISTSR— "SlYENTS  TX  PAUrl 


as 


^h?.ntly  br  mer.n-j  of  a  ballet  performed  by  llda  ne- 
groes. It  might  l)e  iiiiDravtd  u  least  on  tlie  score 
ofcosiunie  :..ul  decoiM  ions.  Ge.erHl  Wusliin.iirton, 
for  instance,  is  dre<sed  fii  a  fidl  suit  ot'  BiitJah  iiiu- 
ibvni;  seems  always  to  be  in  tiie  fi.crets,  and  i ;  st;ited 


T!!e\  deem  i*  not  cnlv  poll'ic.  but  reces'^fry.     T'ie-» 


10* 


•Ireidv  sow  the  seed^oi   c.ji\,Dir;icv,  nnd  i'  will 
be  their  undt,  if  the  pe..ce  be  ween  tne  two  conn, 
lies  is  not  brontrlit  to  u  very  speedy  c:)icl!-iio,i. — 

^ ^ NooppoHunitytvO  injnreandrisult  us,  IS  siiif.'iel  to 

oiia  splendid  throne  wi.h  tiie  youthful  muI  beuiUithl  j  escape.     I  have  rtov/  a  letter  be-bre    me    'Vom   Bor- 

crnhan  at  his  side,  cl. armed  \yilh  u  ballot  performed  [deaux,  tliat  states  that  the  Americms   are  denuiji  c- 

bv'bhickanioors.     I  iuid  a  great  mind  to  wiite  to  tiie    cd  as  B onapal-' isfs,  forced  to  t..ke  ihe  cock  -de   iVom 

nianug-er,  refj  les  inphim  to  give  the  .<;-eiieral  aliitle 

more  gravity,  and  a  blue  coat,   and  to  convert   the 

ricg-roes   int;)    Indians;  b'tt    I    thonglit    it  was  ver> 

liickv  diat  tlie  g-ener   I  himself  had  not  been  mi.de  a 

dar.ccr,  and   so  declined    inlerfuii.ig-.     T':e  plot  is 

taken  from  our  revGlu; ion,  and  is  composed  of  the 

stories  of  Havnes  aud  Asg-ill.     \Vc  are  favonibly  ex- 

bi  ed;  and  tl\ut  circiim^itance  seems  to  be  universal 

]y  pleasing  to  the  audience.     Tne  .heatre  is  not  in  a 

yerv  fashionable  part  of  tlie  town  and  is  not  crowd- 
ed with  foreigners.     Toe  audieice is  French. 

Weleain  from  a  Fi-..nkfort  paper,  that  France  is 
io  be  divided  into  cigi.t  military  districlb— Ulu- 
cher's  head  quarters  are  at  C.ien— "Wellingxon  at  Pa- 
ris—Barclay  de  ToUv  at  Milun— Wi  ede,  with  the 
Bavarians,  ai  Auxerre— Schwartz enbiu-g  is  station- 
ed  at  Fontainbleau.  The  Wurteiibcigi.ers  occup, 
the  department  of  AUier,  &c.— ard  the  Saxons  and 
Uadois,  the  Upper  and  Lower  BIdne.  Paris  is  to 
have  the  honor  of  being  placed  umler  the  proiecii  in 
of  corp.s,  composed  aud  mixed  up  of  all  luis  he  e- 
rogenous  multitude.     Tiie  great  men  are  surround 


their  hats,  and  oh  ervifie   iU-ised,    througu  m-.ci.i- 
nations  set  on  foot  by  the  Eng-lish. 

KothingCifi  eq'!,d  t'leir  .u-rogance;  Ihe;-rd  an  of- 
ficer say,  addi'essing  bini'^eit'to  another,  at  a  restau- 
rateur's, t!r.it  for  liir  part  ne  -vas  surprised  that  .'^eir 
government  siiouUl  give  Irseh*  tlie  trouble  to  con- 
quer such  a  miser  :hle  nation  is  tlie  Fre  ich.  In  e 
estimation  ofliiese  modest  ge:  tiemen,'  iie  allies  go  ""  » 
nothitg.  The  famous  b..nle  ot'  Waterloo  -.Viiagii  - 
edby  the  coming  up  of  Bulow,  with  his  Prussi  -. :-. 


18  h 


J.ine 


♦o 


tlie  Engli-ih  wci-e  beaten,  and  the 
would  have  v.i  nessed  their  to'al  and  fin  d  ove  - 
thnnv,  bu'.  tor  tiieiiroiccrinn  oftlieir  envreic'imen  >. 
T:;ev  give  the  entre  ^chments  at  Xew-O-leans  ,i  e 
credit  of  our  victor-v;  'md  tike  my  word  lor  it,  .  t 
Wa  erloo,  they  were  equally  indebted  to  tiiem  for 
tiieir  success. 

Par-s,  Sef)fembv  lSl5—Fonche  and  Tdlevr-.iil 
have  bt-en  ilis:rds3ed.  The  princes'  pir<\',  or  \.\.i. 
of  the  bloody  nun,  as  'hedu'c'iess  of  \n.:ro-j!eTie  i; 
c:dled,  has  ]n'  railed.     Alexander  dire  v  Vmise!''  i.;- 

,.^ .^  to  that  scale,  for  the  disintercs-ed    puroo-e  o''  h  - 

cd^night  and  day,  by  guards  regularly  changed,  and  iving  t!;e  place  filled  bv  his  mi  don'   edake  :"  }V.c\^ 
taken   aliematcU   from  their   re.-pecive  troops.     T lieu,  formerly  governor  of  some  Russian    orcr.i.ic-. 


have  t  esuipreme  gratifica  ion  ot  liying  not  only  in  It  is  probable  that  Louis's  o'dier  ro^al  f-ie  ■]<  ■•i  ; 
the  same  street  vviih,  but  nearly  opposi.e  o  prince  no.  be  betii.id  hand  in  similar  proof;  o*-"  ^v id  wi  : 
Schartzeiiburg.  Tlie  band  wlacii  acompanics  iu^  and  at'achment.  No  one  can  re-^iv"  the  di-.gr..''e  i 
gward,  gives  us  delightful  music.  It  is  composed  Fouciie;  but,  perhr.ps  he  was  in  so>.Te  mcsure  nc- 
oi'  about  thirty  pertormers;  but,  notwiihscandirigull  icessary  to  prevent,  at  least  to  'enper  tiie  -erihie 
this,  and  their  magnificent  costume  to  boot,  the  sol-  reaction  with  w'nich  Frir.ce,  and  indeed  the  w;ale 
diers  look  mean  and  suipid  and  melancholy      I  ne-  of  Europe,  is  threatened. 

ver  see  diem,  but  ti,ey  bang  to  n.y  mind  a  gang  of  i  Surely -"the  world's  hist  liope,"  ««the  bulwark  o" 
negroes  tren:blii!g  under  tiie  terrors  oi  tlic  overseer's  our  reiiglou,"  must  feljcit.ite' herself  on  the  ftib'.e  s 
tow-skin.  But,  .nen  tliey  serve  to  augmen,  the  vo-  of  ier  triumph.  Through  her  means,  the  ini'ii  i- 
lume  of  prince  Schwurizenburg's  greatiies:>;  and  to  tiou  flourishes  in  Spain — !  he  order  of-".Tc-.uit;'iaH  be;'a 
wlutt  otiici  use  lias  the  Er.ropeau  herd  ever  been  re-established — he  pone  lir.s  bee-!  en:,bled  to  ;>  - 
applied'  are  the  not  liie  beasts  or  the  .\rciiu,  goad-  le.^t  againstthe  constitution  of  Beigi'im,  becaust'  it 
*d  on  to  fig.it  for  tlie  sport  and  aiiiuseuicnt  oi  wan-  contains  principles  of  tolermion;  and  the  pro  ej- 
ton  and  idie  spectators?  !  tants  throughouiFi-ance  are  plunde-  ed  and  assassin.v 

Fouche  has  addressed  a  letter  to  the  king.  I  send  ted  by  religious  ranaiics,  who  durlng'iie  revolui.-ji 
you  a  copy.     No   doubi  is  entertained  oi   its  genu-  and  even    the   despoti  m   of  Ron.^pjrte,    were  kep 
iiieness;    but  the  state  of  tidngs  is  such,  that  it  lyiil  down  with,  a  sirong  hand  and  prevented  f,om  i  id  d"-. 
not  btt  printed.     It  is  an  able  production.     Infamous  j  ing  in  auarciiy  and  bloodshed.      \n    adtlress  on  this 
as  he  is,  there  is  no  dens  ing  his  talen  s  of  a  .superi- 
cr  order,  aud  to  no  coun  r    on  earth  are  tney  more 
redoubti'ble  th,  n  to   the  UniLcd  States.     However 
much  he  and  Talleyrand  diiler  on  other  points.diey 
accord  pertec  ly  in'their  hostility  to  us — I  nave  tlie 
following  facts  from  good    autiioriiy      Some    ye.a-s 
ago,  the:>egf  ntlemen   while  ministers  of  Bonaparte, 
igreeu  with  tiie  ilriiish  government  to  furuisii  them 
wit:.  5U,0U0men,  to  be  employed  in  our  subjugation, 
on  condition   that  England   would  aid  in  restoring 
St.  Domii.go  to  France.     The  plan  was  ncu-ly  ma- 
'tured.     Boiiapar.e  was  reall},  or  afi'ected  to  be,  ir- 
ritated at  the  measure,  wliicii  seems    to  have   been 
wuilertaken  by  die  two  arcii-fienys,  without  his  pri- 
vacv,  and  torthwilh  dismissed  Fouche  from  his  ser 
vice. 

I  have  this  information  from  two  respectable  men, 
members  ot  the  late  legisla  ure.  Would  ii  noi  now 
"be  a  hue  opportunil}  to  renew  this  intrigue,  ior  the 
double  purpose  oi  putting  down  republicanism,  aud 
veiievlng  I-Yance  hum  a  portion  of  llic  b;mdiai,  by 
which  she  is  oppressed?  does  any  one  beiieve  that 
Ca.sdereagh  would  object?  nothing  would  be  so  gra- 
tifying u)  tlie  British  government  a&  a  war  witli  us. 

^CfPJJ^^lIWT  Tf)  >  «t.  IX. 


subject,  circula'esclandesiinelv  in  Paris:  ii  i^  sold 
at  tlie  protestant  church,  where  I  purchased  one, 
whicM  I  will  send  rou. 

The  liope^,  which  have  been  e  ■•er'ained  by  «ome, 
of  the  liberality  of  the  allies,  have  given  w;.to 
mortification  and  rage:  the  public  propeitv,  and  the 
public  works,  the  safety  of  whicii  was  guar m-eeJ 
by  treaty,  iiave  been  given  up  to  robber"'  and  ruin. 
The  gallery  of  the  Louvre  has  been  strlpt  of  its 
|)ic'.u  es;  and  the  statues  and  vases  have  dis.ippe;ir- 
ed  fiom  its  splendid  aparimens.  I  consider  it  as  a. 
happy  event  of  my  life,  that  I  had  an  opportunity 
ot  contemplaiing  this  wonderful  coUecion  o*' the 
chef-d|a:uvres  of  the  pencil  and  the  chisell,  before 
they  fell  into  the  sacrilegious  hands  of  (Joths  and 
Vandals.  Scattered  as  they  will  now  be  over  Eu- 
ope,  no  suchoppor  unities  will  everagrain  be..ffbrd- 
ed.  France  had  obtained  them  by  conquest;  they 
aad  been  secured  to  her  by  treaty.'  Wiiat  tile  ha'a 
tlie  prince  regent  to  the  apoUo  belvidere,  and  th« 
veiius  de  medicis?  woidd  not  bachus  suit  his  royal 
uigness  infinitely  better?  during  the  perpetration  of 
this  flagitious  spoli:Uiiin,gToups of  indignan. French- 
men colkcicd  around  the  building— the  aUifs  h,^ 


114 


xSt'PPLEM£!fT  TO  NILP.B'  UEGISTER— NETMEHLANDS: 


cr.me  alarmerl — iei,'-inicr,ts  of  troops  were  brought 
tip,  and  the  ci-owd  di^ijer^ed.  The  doors  v/erc  soon 
clo.-ed.  I  .'ipplicd  for  pcrmissJon  to  enter;  bui,  up- 
on being  i\sked  iii  st,  iC  I  were  an  officer,  :-.nd  next,  i. 
I  wercMi  Enprlishman,  und  imsweKing-  in  tlic  nega- 
tive, was  re;u«ed  i>dniittance. 

A  triumphal  lar.h  iiad  been  raised  by  Bon:»parteon 
"the  ('arouhel;  on  il  was  p];;c.ed  a  gilt  car.  drawn  by 
the  celebrated  huri-cs  of  Coiindi.  Tiiese  hordes,  the 
Tv-orkrrianbhip  of  Leiisippus,  after  havirg  travelled 
•fioiri  Greece  toRoiTie,  to  U;,  iiantium,  from  ByziuUi 
\im  to  Venice,  and  irom  '^'cuce  to  Paris,  are  again 
in  motion:  they  fire  destined  to  return  on  their  foo; 
steps.  For  a  while,  they  will  slop  a;  Veiuce:  biU 
■who  can  say,  if  the  inipulsc  given  to  barbarism  b^ 
kings  and  priests  shall  not  be  arrested,  that  they 
Ti;:.)  not  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  inlidei  Turk,  iind 
aea'ir.  be  restored  to  their  faithful  owners  and  their 
'na  ive  state? 

Ynu  are,   no  doubt,   anxious  to    know  wliat. 

opi.MMis  ;ve  entei  ta'ned  of  us  in  'hepar«s  oi'F.uropc 
I  vi-,i1ed— The  people  ger  erally  of  England  and 
T'lin-ce,  la-e  proCoiuidly  ignorant  of  our  g.overnmc;V,, 
pr,  -1  ioii  on  tlie  globe,r,nd  even  complexion. — I  landed 
a  few  irdle.-.  from  Liverpool  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Dee.  Ai'ier  walking-  about  a  uillc  over  f.  bari-er: 
he.'fth,  which  was  used  ;s  a  warren,  T  tnteicd  what 
irdghl  be  termed  a  snug  and  comfortable  tavern 
Tl'e  laullord,  a  dull  and  iiCtvy  fellow,  expressed  iii 
respect  for  the  American.  ,  and  liis  pleaiure  at  tl.t 
re-esi;'blisbmeiit  ot  pe;ce  between  the  two  nalions 
Tie  added,  tliat  he  liad  always  considei-ed  tiieni  a 
nii'd,  decent  :  rd  gie.it  pet  pie;  but  lie  coidd  not 
account  for  theii  suhir.i'. -ir.g  lo  die  governn.ent  of 
«*,'cli  a  fcrocio(/.-i  and  blo(  d-ddisty  tjiuiil  as  Mr.  Mad- 
ison: For  his  part,  l.e  believed  he  was  worse  tiian 
Ponaparic-r-Tl.ci  e  v,'as  nothing  rude  nor  insolent  iri 
lii^  mannw;  so,  I  set  about  cooly  and  deliberately  ,o 
com  ince  hill' oi  his  niistf.ke.  He  lisitned  wiih  per- 
f< » t  irr.  edulify,  and  believes  to  thi.--  day,  that  the 
F  e-  ii-'ePit  of  the  United  Slates  is  as  savage  as  a  ehiei 
of  A'^thrcph.  gi. 

liTientioned  to  you  my  going  to  the  tlieatre  Am- 
blf.u  comique,  to  see  the  performance  of  Jl^aslnii[(ioii 
(^  the  Penn.'i!.:lviiuia  Orphi.n.  On  entering  the  pass- 
*ige,  T  observed  to  die  bu'i-kceper,  a  woman,  (the  vio- 
/meii  in  Paris  do  every  thing)  'iiat  the}'  were  to  per- 
form an  American  piece  to  night. — "Ye;-,  sir."— Oi 
cocr.se  theie  were  a  nuuiber  of  American  characters 
ir.Irodnced."  Oli?  ovi,  mo?ishitr,  il\l  beanc'.iip  iles 
J\,'tg-res." — "Well,  but  (said  I,)  tlie  Americans  are 
no.  negroes. — "Ma  ibi!  ditn  yo.;  believe  the  French 
are  all  frok-."— 1  thougiu  it  was  useless  to  argue  the 
jioint  further,  and  walked  in.  The  same  remark 
has  been  made  to  me  in  England. 

Tlie  Americans  here,  very  mucli  to  their  mortifi- 
cation, are  gencrallv  taken  foi  Englishmen;  ii  no. 
foi  Englishnen,  for  Germans,  Spani;;rds,  any  thing, 
bill  what  they  are.  'When  you  meniion  you  .".re  an 
An  eiicau,  then  you  are  asked,  when  you  lei  t  iMar- 
tii  ique,  or  i<^  ou  know  Mr.  such-aone  in  Guadaloupc. 
1  suj.'poi  e  in  Spain  }ou  would  be  deemed  an  inhabit- 
ant oi  IMcxico  or  Peru;  and,  in  Dei.maik,  ol  S  . 
Thorr.a' . — The  people  of  E:  gh.ndknow  little  of  us, 
and  hold  us  in  tficced  contempt  or  real  hatred.  The 
people  Oi  P'rarce  are  as  ignorant;  but  admire  and 
respect  tis  I  do  not  «pcak  ot  fanatics,  or  Bourbon 
isls.  Duiingniy  lesidence  now  of  son. e  months  in 
1^:  lis,  I  r ever  received  the  slightest  insult;  unless 
irdecd,  when  1  v;si;kcn  'cr  ('.o  use  thcii  expression) 
a  n.onsicur  rod-d;.ir.n — To  ob'viaeihis  ii.convein- 
crce,  sciTic  oi  onr  ci  izens,  im'media  el}  pre\ious  to 
'ard  dining  the  siege,  wore  the  cockade;  but  the 
.«:  f;le  converted  d.cn   into  Prussians,  or  at  all  events 


enemies,  except  Americans;  they  were  rnvcly  t!imi,sj'fet 
ot  or  recognized.  Tl  e  goveii.nicnts  oi  Europe  know 
our  su-engili  <.nd  v\  eakness,  abhor  our  ir.stitutions, 
and  envy  our  prosperity.  Ii  would  be  well,  if  they 
were  as  unac([U;.inted  with  and  ihough.t  as  seldom 
ot  us,  as  their  illiterate  .id  ndserabie  Mtbjects. 

In  tlic  rude  and  hasty  remarks,  which  1  liave  sub- 
ndtted  to  you,  it  is  prob..ble  that  errors  both  ot 
opinion  and  of  f;;ct  may  h.ive  found  their  w:iy,  siliey 
were  my  impressions  at  the  in.e;  the\  are  so  gen- 
erally slid.  Tlie  only  mistakes  which  I  now  recol- 
lect, are  those  rcla  ive  to  tlie  destruction  of  tlie  por- 
celain manufacture  at  S eve,  and  the  advice  said  to 
have  been  given  to  Napole  .n,  b}  Liicien  Konap.ute 
on  the  subject  of  his  resignation.  Tlie  porcclahi 
manufacture,  although  much  injured  ai;d  pillaged, 
was  noi  destroyed — And  I  have  reason  to  believe 
that  the  conduct  of  Lucien  Boi<aparie  was  entirely 
diflerent  from  what  I  supposed,  when  1  wrote  I'o 
yoti.  He  der.ounced,  in  the  strongest  '.erms,  the 
feeble  and  tbolish  views  of  the  le;^islature:  <  pposed 
their  reliance  on  tliC  piomi;:?soi't;i'?  cdlies;  predieted 
he  dei>loraLlc  events  wiiich  havcensr.ed;  and  urged 
tlie  emperor  to  persevere  in  a  res!.-,tance  which  if  it 
hud  not  saved  France  from  siibjugation,  would  at 
least  h.ive  protected  her  Ircm  di.-,<;r.:cc. 


day 
in. 


liiiiguom  oi'   ihe  Netherlands. 

Haove,  Oct. -16,  11315. 

The  opening  of  the  session  of  the  stales  general 
t<-okpLce  tiiis  morning.  Kisni.jesty  the  king  made 
ilie  ioilow  iug  speeci.: — 

"In  thec'.urse  of  the  se.?sion  wliicli  I  this 
opea,  according  to  the  constitution,  impor-.an; 
lei  esis  will  be  subm.iited  to  your  deiiberatioas. 

'•Shxe  the  spring,  er.lraordinary  efiorts  have  been 
prescribed  by  events  uhicu  it  w:is  in:possiblc  to 
ioresce.  Every  Belgian  loves  to  turn  \:h  c}  es  upon 
this  period,  which  is  that  of  die  esuiblisiiment  of  die 
national  independence — and  a  sentiment  so  general 
will  lighten  the  sacriiices  which  it  shall  judge  indrs- 
pensabiy  necessary  to  require.  Treasures  have  been 
lecessary  to  arm,  in  a  short    space  of  time,   wholo 


iiies  ol  for  r esses,    o  doidjle  tiic  nadonal  aimy,  and 


1 

to  main.ain  the  s.ill  move  numerous  armies  oi  our 
allies.  You  Mill  be  informed  of  ail  tliat  has  beera 
done  on  these  diiierent  heads,  as  well  as  of  the  con- 
siderable burdens  they  have  cau-.cd  to  our  linar.ccs. 
In  tlicse  ciicuinstances,  justice  requires  more  than 
ever,  that  he  sttile  should  acquil  itseli  i.ov.ards  its 
creditors:  a  great  number  ot  them  belong  to  the  coun- 
tries wi.ich  liavealie:!dy  iVl.  the  evils  attendant 
upon  war.  However,  in  combining  the  measures 
relative  to  this  subjeci,  1  havem.ost  carefully  con- 
suited  die  means  oi  my  faithful  subjects.  I  luiveap- 
plied  my  sell  toalieviaie  die  btirdeii  ar.d  to  render  it 
equal,  by  dis  ributing  it  over  se\aal  \  ears  and 
among  all  classes  ot  societ} ;  so  tiiat  I  flc^tter  myself 
diat  llicsemezisures  will  be'  foimd  wholly  worthy  of 
the  approbation  of  the  states  general. 

"The  estimates  of  the  expences  of  the  followinjf 
\ear,  and  ol  the  means  ot  meeting  them,  will  be  au 
equally  serious  object  ot  deiibera.icn  lor  your  high 
mighiinessess  But  1  persuade  m\ sell  that  the  re- 
sult v.ill  be  salutary  in  every  respect,  and  tliat  a  pru- 
dtut  introduction  oi  taxes  of  the  same  kind,  w  ill  put 
an  endiotlie  constraints  wliiehllie  mutual  communi- 
cations of  son.e  p;uis  of  the  khigdom  reiider  exj.en- 
sive  ior  a  nionicnt. 

"Among  the  l^ws  already  in  force  for  some  of  our 
p»ovii.ce.-5,  and  which,  under  ccr.ain  niodiflcadoi.s, 
ii  V  ill  be  proper  to  Uiake  applicable  to  all,  that  on 
die  national  miiiiia  deserves  to  be  distinct;  ourcom- 


'^garked  them  as  strangwi,;  All  .U'ungers  Wf4;* Ui^  fnen  aita  wiii^valfUlji-^  b«  I'S  Witte  Xks  esccutioit  of 


SJUPpLEiMSNT  T©  NILES"  TlECilSTER- 


NETIIRnLAND^, 


a^ 


it  uniform  for  all  the  Belgians,  according;  tp  tb.p  prin- 
ciples of  the  uiiioii;  .iiid  even  t!)  lUg-h  this  instituiion 
nviv  rciiiuinfo:-  vers  suscei)tib!eorproir.-e-;sivo  im- 
p'.o'vement  no  trial  c.lii  ai>p«.;a:-  to  us  too  (U'IicuIl — no 
effort  too  i?"e.it,  \v!ie;i  the  puiat  in  question  is  t(.-  es- 
tablish the-  6niicst  bulwark  ot  t!-,e  general  secnrilv. 

"However  your  iiitjh  niighi  incsses  m:iy  indulj^c  the 
hope  ihat  the"  next  year,  ie:i.s  stormy  than  this  has 
bee.!,  will  not  require  ir.iforesecn  or  exorbitant  sac- 
li!lcc,,  icis  probable 'that  I  shall  speedily  have  to 
coiK-aiuuicte  to  vo;i  a  ii,-e:ieriu  treaty  of  the  sovev- 
«ig-..s  !u  nrcse.it  in  nvms,  winch  v;iil  give  new  g-uar- 
antees  for  tlie  Irar.qtiiliiv  of  Kii^opc. 

"■r;ais  we  shall  a',  lena^th  behoid  the  time  when 
1Iie]fci!;ishiior,  restoifd  to  rds  true  desti'iadon,  wim 
einploy  all  his  f  ical  ties  in  the  iimeiiofa  ion  of  moral-:, 
as  tiieenc-'Diriarenie.iioi' public  iiistniction,  m  a  wise 
reibrm  of  tiiC  es;-.'i)d.sljnie;its  f'orthepoor. 

"Alre.idv  iiave  pe.-.ce,  and  the  co*fi  Icnce  it  in- 
spires, revived  several  bra'iches  of  anrient  indusry 
(i.juinierce  will  fn.d  now  aliment,  not  o:dy  in  the  col- 
o.ue^  which  tiie  low  cotiUries  have  reovered,  and 
f;)r  the  occupation  of  which  very  expensive  piepara- 
tions  have  just  been  compleied,  but  also  in  those 
Tihich  1  was  oiilisired  Wj  cede  last  year. 

'■The  supnlemeutary  convention  on  this  head  widi 
Great  Miit'd'u  will  be  doubly  a.2;reeable  to  you,  as 
CO  ifii-iiiincj  the  lo'/al  and  beneficent  dispositions  of 
t'.is  powerful  allv,  as  well  as  the  care  with  which  T 
watch  on  every  side  over  the  commercial  interests  ot 
r.iy  kingdom.  "  With  the  ;dd  of  divine  providence, 
nieir.  U)  persevei-e,  witiioui  remission,  and  without 
tleviiii'ig'  from  impartial  justice  towards  all,  in  the 
uxcrei.e  of  die  duties  imposed  on  me.  Your  co-op- 
oraion  iii  viie  general  measures  renders  you  wiiness- 
es,  and,  asoiic  may  say,  guarantees  of  the  purity  of 
the  views  of  ihe  government. 

"Employ  ti;e  influence  which  your  vii-tues  and 
knowledge  insu;  c  vou,  and  which  will  be  confirmed 
fcv  frank  and  unanimous  application,  to  the  in'.erests 
of  thecountrv,  in  confirming  or  reviving  in  peoples' 
minds  calmness  and  security.  Let  the  tiine  soon 
eome  w  lien  every  one  of  our  countrymen  shall  indulge 
with  full  confidence  in  his  representatives  and  Ids 
khig — for  the  peaceful  enjoyment  of  the  rights  which 
the  constiiu'iion  secures  to  all  the  citizen.'--,  in  u 
iTianner  equally  cle;;rar.d  irrrvocible. 

iiEriioNtiTRANCi;  <ir  r.ir,  deloian  bis^idi-s  to  tuk  Ki:-.a 

or  TAH  NSTUKULA\E:J. 

The  nelgian  bishops  have  presented  the  following 
address  to  the  king  of  the  Ncdieriands: —    " 

«Slre — We  believe  it  our  duty  no  longer  to  delay 
expressing  to  },our  nvijesty  the  surprise  and  the 
grief  which  vour  proclamation  of  tlie  18*di  of  thi; 
month  (July)  has  caused  us. 

"In  the  conviction  that  it  is  the  first  duty  of  tlic 
kishops  to  speak  the  'ruth  'O  the  throne,  when  t|,e 
grAnd  interests  of  religion  are  in  question,  we  now 
fulfil  this  dut\  widi  the  more  confidence  and  frank- 
ness, as  your  majesty  froqucnly  testified  to  us  your 
intention  to  pro: ect  religion  with  all  your  power, 
and  as  in  thai  ven-  proclamation  which  is  the  cause 
of  our  une-isiness,  you  assure  to  the  catholic  churcli 
its  establi:.hnientantl  its  privileges. 

"Sire,  the  e::ivtence  and  the  pi-ivilege'j  of  the  ca- 
tbolic  church,  in  this  part  of  your  kingdom,  arc  in- 
consistent with  an  article  of  the  plan  of  the  new 
eonstisution,  by  which  equal  favor  and  protection 
are  promised  all  relig-ions. 

"Since  the  conversion  of  the  Belgians  to  clsrlsti- 
anity,  such  a  dangerous  innonation  has  never  been 
jjrtrrd'jf^d  h.  tWeae  nvormc^.  imlcTs  hv  f^ro    Th« 


attempt  of  Joseph  the  second  to  maintain  it  wag 
fruilJess.  The  cyranny  of  tiie  las',  French  govern- 
nient  established  it  in  theor; ;  but  no  leligious  trou- 
bles ensued,  because  the  head  of  tiie  staie  protect- 
ed Uie  protcsiMit  sects  as  little  as  he  did  the  cf.ha- 
lic  cuurcii — After  this  puv.er,  tlie  declared  eneny 
of  all  religiun  was  overdirown,  the  ijeigi..n  churcM 
recovered  a  1  her  spiritual  rigjus.  In  tiie  ordin.uice 
of  Marc.'i  7,  1814,  which  the  commissioners  of  ,ne 
allied  pou  ers  expressly  confirmed,  tiie  ireneral  go- 
vernment of  Heiguun  deciared,  ''Iiencefor  vard  the 
e.,clesiasiic.dp'r.verand  tlid  temporal  power  wih  be 
inviolably  maintained  in  their  respective  limiia,  as 
hey  ;ire  fixed  by  the  canou  ia»v,  aiid  by  tlie  uncieut 
consii  uiion  of  the  coimtry. 

"Sire,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  declare  to  your  ma' 
jesty,  that  tiiccanonic.d  laws,  which  are  sanc'.ioried 
by  the  ancicu'  coiisti  utionsof  the  couritry,  are  i.i- 
compatibie  with  the  [irojccted  constitu  ion  waicu 
\vould  gtve  in  Belgium  equ-.d  favour  and  protecdoo 
to  .dl  reli.^-ion.'j. 

"The  canonical  laws  have  alw.iys  rejected  schis.m 
and  heresy  from  the  bosom  of  the  cnurcii.  T'i« 
christian  emperors  thought  it  their  duty  to  maintutj 
these  laws,  and  to  secure  their  executi-)n,  as  m.iy 
be  easily  secii  in  the  collection  of  edicts  upon  taiii 
subj  ect. 

"Fro'.i  Charlemagne  down  to  the  unhappy  epoch 
of  1781,  and  the  ioliowing  years,  all  the  sovereigns 
of  this  country  in  d'ery  age,  exclusively  protec  ed 
'he  apostolic  and  R.rnan catholic  religioi,  and  secu- 
red to  it  the  undisturbed  enjoymen:  of  all  liie  rigiits 
and  privileges,  in  the  possession  of  wnicli  they 
found  it. 

•'The  council  of"Trent,  all  wiiose  resolutions  were 
piiblisiied  in  these  provinces,  and  have  there  the 
force  of  ecclesiastical  law,  after  confirming  all  th* 
old  laws  of  ihe  church,  whici  fix  th6  jurisdicdons, 
the  riglits  of  the  bishops,  of  the  chapters,  of  th« 
universities,  and  ingenerad  of  the  regular  and  secu- 
lar clergy,  commanded  the  bisliops  to  see  the  exe- 
cution of  them;  and  carelully  to  Wu.tch  not  only 
over  the  m  untainance  of  the  sacred  pledge  of  the 
faith,  but  ;.lso  that  of  the  Ir.ws  wiiich  concern  the 
e-isei'i  d  diicip'.iiie  of  the  c.itiiolic  church,  and  se- 
cure the  cuaslsteacy  and  '.lie  inviolabiiity  of  ita  go- 
vernment. 

"These,  .;irc,  ;\vs  the  duties  of  the  bl'ihops  of 
these  provinces,  and  the  laws  of  tne  country  havsi 
constantly  allowed  and  ficilitated  the  fulfilment  ct 
them,  tilt  a  hi^'her  po\\  er  prevented  them  in  part 
from  disclir.r'.'"in";  then. 

"If  \our  m.ijesty,  wlicn  you  secure  to  th.a  a3lgic 
church  her  existence  and  privileges,  has  the  i  locu- 
tion, as  we  conjecture,  to  maintain  ti^.e  entire  execu- 
tioii  of  the  holy  canon  law,  we  are  incapable  of  duly 
expressing  our  tiianks  to  your  niajest}'  for  it.  Hat 
we  most  respectfully  take  the  libci-'v  to  'i-.r/  before 
your  majesty,  an  article  of  tlie  ne>v  constitutio;;, 
which,  in  securing  the  same  p'-otection  to  all  i-eii- 
gloiis,  would  be  incompatible  with  tiie  free  and  en- 
tire exercise  of  our  olHciid  dudes. 

"Vv'e  are  bound,  sire,  incessantly  to  jjreserve  th* 
people  entrusted  to  our  care,  fi-uin  the  doctrinea 
which  are  in  opposition  to  tl-.e  doctrhies  of  the  cit- 
tholic  church.  We  could  notreleaseourselves  fron- 
tills  obligation  witliout  violating  our  most  sac^-ed 
duties;  and  If  your  majest}-,  by  virtue  oi  a  til  .da- 
mental  law,  protec;  ed  in  these  province-;  the  public 
profession  and  spreading  of  these  doc'rines,  thepro- 
gi-css  of  which  we  are  bound  to  oppose  with  all  le 
care  and  energy  which  ^he  catholic  ciiurcn  ex  ec  s 
from  our  office,  we  should  be  in  Sormalopiosidoi  o 
tV.e  hlT?  9t'  *J?  Sfe«te,  t»  »k.e  ca.e5isui;ea  -yfeiQh,  vooe; 


i  ifi         SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  l^EGiSTliU-liLrClIEIi'S  LETTEIT. 


i-psjest}'  min^ht  ndopt  to  m:iint;un  them  among- us, 
j*i  d  in  spite  O'"  all  our  cn;le.;vo;!r.s  lo  maiut^^in  uiiio  i 
?.•  d  '-cce,  11. c  public  tivnqiiility  mijjht  stili  be  dls- 
lui'hcd. 

"And  since,  bv  article  136  of  the  proposed  c.m- 
stiUi'ion,  he  public  exercise  of  u  form  of  worsliii) 
n!.!'-  })e  hindered,  wjien  it  niii.';hl  disfirb  the  piibiic 
tr.'inqi'iiiry,  it  follows  tlsat  tne  free  exeicise  of  our 
reliariiMi  niidi'  be  lii'idei-cd  bv  a  possible  const 
quence  o.'  die  rights  and  libcilies  of  the  catholic 
ciiurr'   in    hese  provinces 

"We  Jure  not  conce:d  from  you,  sire,  that  such  re- 
jTuhitions, ir  they  were  confirmed  by  your  majes'y, 
could  o:>t\  teiid  to  a  re>le^vlil  of  the  troubles  w  iiicu 
desoI.Ted  these  provinces  in  the  IStli  century:  and 
thyt  hey  rrust,  sooner  or  hiter,  ulien.iie  the  hearts  Oi 
.jour  f,.illvi"id  si'i)jects  ill  this  part  of  your  kin;::dom, 
V  here  ti.e  atiachinent  to  tiie  catholic ^it'i  is  slrong-e; 
and  mtire  lively  tiiau  in  unv  o*her  country  in  iiai  ope. 
"Aheiidy  tlie  proclamulicm  of  your  m.'-jest\, 
whi-h  announced  thai  the  new  consti-uiiDn  should 
ensure  the  liber'v  of  relirj-ion,  uid  give  uli  equal 
favour  and  pio  ec'i'in,  fide  1  e\erv  heart  \vi  h  con- 
st ernr.t  ion.  It  is  known  tiuit  this  dung-erous  svs  en: 
is  oneoftlie  mnin  articles  or  he  modern  philQso- 
Jjhv,  which  has  been  t!>e  source  of  so  mj.ny  misfor- 
tui'fis  yo  us — 'liar  evidently  aims  at  exci  i:in;  indi  - 
feier.ce  to  all  relioions;  at  lesseniiip^  tiieir  iniiuencc 
IVoin  da^  tuda\,  and  destroying  them  in  die  end  en- 
lirol-.. 

"We  arc  bound,  sire,  to  tell  vou  the  truth  in  it.^ 
full  extent.  The  clergy  of  these  provinces  have  no: 
observed  v,  i'lmut  pain,  th.it  vour  niujesty  has  been 
pei-Kur.dcd  ro  exclude  them  from  tlie  assemblies  i,i 
wtiich  Uieo-reat  in'.erestsof  tiie stale  wee  di>cussed, 
iiiav  the  p'.m  of  the  new  constitution  contains  dl  - 
ti'ctions  for  thenobiliw,  and  tiiat  t!ie  clergy,  once 
t!efir.-<t  cbss  in  tlie  state,  is  deprived  o^'tneni;  tlui 
i  '<ill  not  even  hrvethe  right  o'"  being  represented 
ii  he  provincial  assemblies;  that  its  iniiuenf e  on 
t'.e  -ccei5tar.ce  of  the  ne^v  consiitution  is  ci-refut! 
rennoved,  so  that  the  expressions  of  your  in:'.jest\'s 
pioclunia'ions,  are  no!  among  theper.sons  mos  wor- 
tip  of  the  CO' fidei.ceof  tlieir  icllow-ci  izen.-:  las'Jy, 
tJKit  tltevaie  no*  cd'.owed  to  in  crilie  their  diaappio- 
Tinir  vole,  01^  i},e  ijjj^j,  Qf  t!e notables. 

"All  Uiese  are  measures  (we  say  it  with  grief  lo 
y  nu'  ni  jes*y)  wldcii  can  appe.ir  lo  us  only  as  an  un- 
h  ppv  omen  fir  thefjiui  e,  sii'ce  your  majest\*s  min- 
jste.s  already  ;ccoiint  the  opinions  and  votes  of  the 
""hole  clei'gy  for  nr  Hiing — upon  subjects  which  are 
fis  murii  wii'nin  'heir  cognizance  as  that  of  other  pri- 
"(•.i'.l^' pei'ons — nav,  tl.eir  peculiar  province  as  far  as 
tieintcrcit  of  religion  is  concerned. 

"It  i>  impossible  to  culcdate  all  the  inconsequen- 
ces that  mav  arise  fiom  die  continua  ion  of  such  a 
ph.n;  for  if  the  ca'.liolic  clergy  are  no  more  to  be 
consulted  upon  the  concerns  of  the  church,  if  it  is 
decided  that  tiiey  can 'have  no  share,  or  at  least  only 
an  jxcidental  shave,  in  making  the  law .s,  especialU 
<lioseieh.tiveto  ecclesiastical  j.rrisdlction,  liow  caii 
they  hii'.der  any  encro.xhnient"  upon  the  in.di..nable 
iigliti,of  the  eniicopal  dig"ity  v.idch  belong  'o  ilie 
CHihoii;  church,  and  to  t'ne  pi-ivileges  which  your 
mi'jes'v  ensures  to  !•?  May  they  not  be  arbitrarily 
Icscned  in  nation.-d  assemblies,  when  the  clergy 
have  no  influence,  or  at  the  most,  a  very  precarious 
one? 

"Experience  has  proved  how  important  it  is,  that 
the  clerg\  possess  a  high  rank  in  the  state.  The 
respect  they  enjoy  extends  to  the  region  itself, 
whicii  ieaciies  it.  However  great  the  personal  me- 
rit ot  theserv:uits  of  the  church  maybe,  yet  in  otir 

times,  it  it  is  not  supported  by  higi  rasJtjuid  legvtX 


privileges,  which  enndble  the  functiona  o?  the 
|)riesUiood  in  the  eyes  of  lae  peojde,  die  ciergy  can 
oppose  bat  a  weak  bidwark  to  tlie  disordei's  wnicn  it 
has  con*inu..Ky  lo  contend  with.  Tiie  interest,  pe;ice 
ar.d  welfare  of  a  slaic,  dcpeud  cuieiiv  on  tlie  staieof 
Uiorals.  Tuere  are  no  good  morals  where  there  iff 
no  religion.  As  tlungs  nov/  stand,  redgion  is  morev 
or  less  respected,  i  i  proportion  as  its  servants  are 
more  or  ess  honoured  and  respected,  according  lo 
me  existing  laws.  I  is  easy  to  confine  the  good  in 
due  bouiKis,  but  the  .vi-:l;eddu'e  every  thing  against 
a  Clergy  wiiicli  dues  uoi  enjoy  a  cuMia  respect,  in 
the  sUi  e. 

"Vour  majesty  has  doubtless  remarked,  that  tlie- 
caLliolic  reiigion,  which  was  establi-.aed  a.g.an  in 
France  by  the  cndcordat  did  not  produce  the  ex' 
pecicu  effect,  because  by  the  sys  eni  of  die  sove- 
reign, t'le  clergy  enjnyed  no  rank,  no  consideraiioa, 
no  iniiuence  in  the  stue.  Tney  wci  e  lo  be  account- 
ed us  nodiing;  tiiey  were  oppressed  by  all  the  in  e^ 
rior  autiiorides;  they  soon  became,  as  it  was  inLcnded 
ney  shoulil,  incapable  of  exercising  good,  or  of 
preven'  ing  evil. 

"We  latve  tlie  confidence  that  j'our  majesty  will 
leigii,  in  the  submissive  and  respectful  rtpresenta- 
dous  wiiicii  \vc  make  loyou,  in  tlie  u  ..nk  expressions 
of  our  sciitimeuis,  to  see  only  the  tuifilaieut  of  one- 
of  our  mosi  iniporlant  d  ities  under  presCiii  circum- 
stances, only  a  new  p.ooi  ot  our  devotion  lO}  our  sa- 
cred person,  only  the  sincere  wish  that  your  majesty 
i!ia\  reign  over  the.'^e  line  piovinces  in  constant 
peace,  by  a  perfectly  pa, ernal  government,  and  by  a. 
powerful  and  durable  union  between  die  clergy  and 
the  ro\  al  autiioriiy. 

'•Vv'e  are,  with  the  profoundest  venei-atinn,  your 
UKijtsty's  luosi  uumbic,  obedient,  and  taiuiiui  ser- 
vants. 

(^Sig;ued)         "Prince  MAunict.  of  Broglio,  Bi- 

sh  p  of  Ghent. 
•'J.  A.  Bakiiett,    vicar  general, 

c.  ;)itulary  of  Liege. 
"J.  J^'iiSiEUK,  vica-  general  of  the  ■ 

archbisliopric  ot  Melincs. 

"GUAULES  FllA>(;iS  Jostfu  PiSAM, 

bisliop  of  Namur. 
"TiiAscis  Jjsiii'a,  bishop  of  Toui'  • 
nay. 
"Jul!i  28,  1815." 

CJiremen  Gazette  of  Sep.  16.  J 


Eluciier's  Letter. 

FROM    A     LONDON     PAPER. 

[The  following  letter,  from  prince  Blucher  to  hi? 

majesty  tne  king  of  Prussia,  is  in  circulation;  it 

is  said  to  have  oeen  published  t«  the  whole  army 

under  his  couimaniU] 

"Your  majesty  has  been  graciously  pleased  to  or- 
der  that  tue  army  shall  receive  its  arrears  of  pa}'; 
butas  no  hing  lias  \e  been  received  in  France,  his 
.lighness  die  ciiaiicelloi-  prince  H  Lrdenberg  has  giv- 
en  orders  to  AI.  Von  Bulow,  the  minister  of  the  fi- 
nances, to  draw  tlie  necessary  sums  from  our  own 
country.  Your  majesty  will  allow  me  to  express  to 
}ou  openly  and  withoui  reserve,  my  opinion  and  re- 
qiies  ,  and  that  of  tjieariny.  Upon  our  advance  in- 
U)  France  we  were  animated  with  the  wish  to  ac- 
quire nothing  for  our..elves  but  hojior,-  but  on  the 
ouier  hand,  to  relieve  our  distressed  country,  and 
enable  your  majes.y  to  heal  the  wounds  which  long 
misfortunes,  and  hostile  arrogance  have  inflicted  up- 
on our  country  in  general,  and  upon  every  individu- 
alfamib.     For  this  reason  I  demanded  a  contribu- 


k 


StTrLFMENT  TO  NILTS'  FEGT«TFF.— ELESSIXCS  OF  J^PAIN.        li^^ 


and  of  tliis  sum  I  wished  to  appWonly  a  part  lothe  |  wTitedov.n,  n  the  most  specific  terms,  all  his  er. 
iisc- o."'  li«e  M'liiv,  ;iiid  therefore  prupoaecl  to  youi- Irors,  ihe  circumstances  thereof,  time  x.\d  place  in 
til  .jesty  U)  allow  the  M-my  two  nioiuhs  nay,  whicavvluch  ti.e  same  were  committed,  seen  or  lieard; 
wa.s  g-i-aciuusly  givnted;'  but  us  al  ered  circim- j  and  if  any  persons  were  present,  tliey  shall  be  uam- 
s  a.ices  lender  tids  impossible,  ilie  whole  army  will  jed,  and  lie  shall  specify  all  that  is  known  of  them, 
n  )l  onl",  joyfuilv  renounce  tlie  two  monrlis  pay,  but  iTiie  confessor  shall  cause  him  to  sig-n  t!ie  declara- 
iivunbl.    beseecii    \quc  majesty  to    let  no  j lion,  if  he  kaows  so  how  to  do,  and  if  not,  he  sh;dl 


■we  inos 


jriore  monej  be  paid  us  a  ])i  e-;eiit,  liian  what  is  ab- 
sm  itely  necessary  ibr  t!;e  wounded.  We  wid  ra- 
ti.er  ..ibmit  lo  tue  t^TCatesV  priv.i  ion,  than  draw  t« 


maice  a  cross,   and  ihe  confessor  shall  alwuvs    sijjii 
vviui  iiim. 

*'In  the  tliird  place,  he  shall  make  him  abjure  the 


Fr..iice  liie  revenue-,  of  tlie  slate,  wnicli  are  raised  i  heresy,  and  absolve  nim,  by  reconciliag:  him  to  tlio 
■wi-n  ~o  much  diificui'.y,  and  thus  earica  ihiideest-  Iciiurch;  he  shall  enjoin   him  sacramentally  to  c.»a 


ed  cou  ur\,  and  desiroy   in  ihe    bad  tlie  reviviiij, 
prosperity  Oi  oar  native  land. 

(Signed)  «'BLUCHER. 

"L'ead  Quar  urs  at  Churtres,  An^.  12,  1815." 


Fer.linais'1  &  t!ie  Iii(|ulssuio5i. 

Amo  igr'  ihe  carious  but  diss^Uiti.it^  papers  we  are 
•iaiiy  receiviag  dom  Spain,  iadicadve  of'  die  debas- 
ed slate  of  t  I'al  c  )unlr\,  .^nd  llie  rapid  progress  oi 
the  inqui/iiiou  and  the  Jesuits,  under  lue  beai;^n  au- 
spices of  liie  beloved  Ferdinand,  ^ve  prci^e.it  our 
readers  with  a  translatioa  oi  the  Easter  ins iruc  ions. 


fess  ail  his  errors,  and  impose  the  penances  he  may 
consider  adeqaa  e.  When  all  has  been  done,  the 
same  s'lad  be  forwarded  on  to  the  triliunai  of  the 
iioly  office. 

"j^iisUy — ^if  the  most  efficacious  persuasions 
s'aould  not  be  sufficient  to  overcone  the  peai'ent, 
on  finding- tiim  well  disposed  and  influenced  bv  due 
deie.s>ai.ion,  he  sliali  a!)i;oiv« 'lim  from  the  excom- 
munication for  die  present,  explair.ing'  'Ids  to  the 
peni  ent  for  his  own  info,  mation  and  ufovei-nment — 
When  this  measure  shall  have  been  adopted  b<-  the 
conicssor,  he  shall  send  due  notice  of  tiie  same  to 
liiC  tribunal. 

'And  that  all  the  above  may  have  i'-s  due  elfect. 


cnnimnricated  bv  the  holy  office  of  the  inquisiiion,  .  .  .  ,      ,    ^ 

In  the  diocesan  bishops,  ibr  tuei.,formation  .nd  go- :t"e  same  is  commua.caied  to  you  to  the  end,  that 
essorsof  their  vespecUve  dis-  through  your  hands  it  may  pass  to  the  knowlege  oc 


vcianieni  ol  ti.econl 
"Iricts. 

Easter  instructions  of  lite  holy  office  to  confessors. 

*'\an/ngt.ae delicate  and  weighty  inatiers  which 
v.'or  niiy  occupv  t.ie  attention  or"  liii  majesty's 
council  of  tlie  supreme  and  general  inquisi  ion,  it 
11, ids  ,iiat  it  is  pi-eferably  called  ujoon  to  attend  to 
the  crue,  good  and  spiritual  relief  of  those  persons, 
viio,  through  debility  and  natural  weakness,  ignu 
ranee,  malice,  or  perversenessof  iieari,  are  contam- 
inated with  any  one  or  nioreof  the  e.rors  and  even 
heresies  belonging  o  tiie  different  nations  wliicli 
li.  veoccufued  t!ie  soil  oi"S  laia.  Wlierefore,  avail- 
ing iiself  of  tlie  o.>portunity  of  the  approacidng 
fniiihaent  of  the  E.is  er  precept,  and  desirous  diat 
«il  tiie  failiiful  shiuiid  prepare  and  dis],'04e  tliem- 
se'ves  to  comjdy  wiih  tiiis,  in  a  worthy  manner,  it 
liii.-;  resoived  to  lay  down  the  junctions  of  the  holy- 
office,  fur  one)  ear  only,  purpor  iig,  that  all  secular 
and 
b 

to  conduct  themselve-i  towards  tiieir  peni' ents,  who 
may  have  incurred  anv  external  mixed  heresv,  and 
in  the  manner  and  form  ek.tabiis!ied  and  adopted  in 
the  holy  office,  with  advantage  to  the  Lithfal,  even 
though  they  may  have  pervaricated  whenever  thev 
may  have  acknowleged  their  errors,  and  subject 
themselves  to  the  following  inslruc\lons. 

"Ist.  He  shall,  with  the  greaiesi  efficacy,  per- 
suade the  penitent  to  accuse  himself  to  his  own 
oonfessor,  of  tlic  errors  and  heresies  into  widch  he 
mav  have  fallen,  witliout  jM-omising  him  the  benefit 
<jf  absidution  under  another  *brm;  assuring  him  of 
the  inviolalde  secrecy  he  will  keep,  as  well  as  is 
kept  in  the  holy  office,  and  tiiat  the  least  injury 
siiall  not  result  to  him  therefrom;  on  the  contrary, 
it  sliall  prevent  him  from  be  ingpunished.if  he  should 
be  accused  by  aiiy  person  of  the  errors  and  heresies 
it  n^ay  be  proper  to  manifest;  \yhich  if  he  sliould 
not  do,  he  remains  exposed  to  the  u.sual  penalties. 

"In  the  second  place,  if  the  said  peuiicnt  should 
consent,  the  confessor  shall  take  down  his  declar.a- 


the  confessors  of  your  juriidictiiu  and  district. 
"Oui-  Lord  preserve  you  in  my  years,  Sic." 

(Signed.)  ^c. 
"Inquisition  of  Seville,  Febiviary  12,  1S15." 


Legitimate  Blessings  of  Spain. 

FRO-sr    TdR    EniHBUHftH    TIEVTKW. 

"Tyran<^s  (iaid  A.lonsa  the  wise)  prefer  acting  for 
their  own  interest,  although  contrary  to  the  good  of 
tlie  counn-v,  to.icting  for  the  coinmon  advantage  of 
all,  besause  they  always  fear  to  lose  t'leir  crown. — 
And  that  thev  mav  work  their  own  will  the  more 
easily,  thev  alwavs  use  their  po-vcr  ag.iinst  the  peo- 
ple, in  three  mode^  of  sub  le  policy.  The  first  is, 
to  make  their  subjects  foolish  and  feirful,  becanse 
then  thev  will  not  d.ire  to  lift   their  heidsag.inst 


them,  or  oppose  their  desires:  the  second  is,  to  puf. 
id  regular  confessors,  ap])!oved  by  tiie  diocesan  j  discord  amongst  them,  in  such  wise  tliat  they  trust 
ishop,  shall  be  informed  in  wliat  manner  they  arelnotone  another, because  then  thev  M-ill  not  talk  a- 

gainsttliem,  kit  their  secret  should  not  be  kept:  the 

third  is,  to  make  them  poor.     And  above  all,  they 

crusii  the  powerful  anrl  the  learned,  and  take  care  tw 

orbidall  meedng^and  great  concourse  of  people. 

"This  observation  of  tlie  sapient  king,  his  suc- 
cessors appear  to  1  ave  diligently  reduced  to  prac- 
tice. Every  ende  vor  has  been  tred  to  make  the 
upper  classes  fool  sh  and  feirfu!;  and  we  must  say, 
with  a  succe  s  propordoned  to  the  grandeur  of  the 
design.  Tiie  grandees  have  not  appeared  in  the 
cortes  since  t:;e  end  of  the  fif-eenth  century.  The 
CO  U't,  indeed,  never  permits  tiicm  to  go  out  of  its 
sight;  they  are  always  eidier  at  M.d-.-id,  or  at  the 
i-csyal  residences  called  the  Si; ios.  There  thev  are 
indulged  with  ribands,  keys,  an  I  other  pliythings; 
but  by  no  means  allo»v  cd  U,  have  an\-  connexion  with 
their 'tCHantry,  or  to  derive  any  power  but  from  roy- 
al f;i  vor.  One  of  tlicn  !ia-ing  asked  permission  tu 
visit  his  estates,  was  told  liiat  if  he  went  there  he 
must  stay.  Their  property  is  consequently  mis- 
managed; and  six  or  seven  estates,  accumulated  in 
tion,  under  oath  to  speak  the  truth,  whicli  shall  be  j  one  person,  are  oft.-,  the  bjine  of  the  country,  but 
headed  in  the  following  manner:  "In  the  town  of  |  never  give  strength  to  their  possessor.  Tims,  shorn 
NoiiNday  of  the  year,  N  before  the  undersigned  j  of  the  natural  influence  of  wealth,  they  consume 
confessor,   spontaneou.<?ly  appe:u-ed  N,"  &.c.  statmg-   their  revenue  in   splendid  palaces,  in  fe*^es  whicK 

iJ5  age,  couuky,  mi,  ff'ju-^io'i^  ^^\  jk^  lift  (stii'ittTC  'tcsjj fcto^u  t©  wit  30  ar  40,yOWe»ob^  »a4  i4 


il'8 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NiLES'  REGISTER— SPAIN, 


dress  proportionably  expensive.  They  view  with 
fear  and  trembling  the  diM'ning's  of  dispie;i;iure  ia 
lie  court  favorite;  and  submit  to  any  degradation  for 
a  permission  ro  g'litter  h\  tliC  society  of  the  c  loit-.d 
— tlie  only  scene  in  which  they  are  fit  to  .ippenr. 

"Thereig-ii  of  tlie  prince  of  peace  comple  ed  the 
rtissokitioli  of  morals.  The  road  to  preferment, 
during' that  disgrivceftd  period,  lay  throug-h  ilie  pro- 
sti^utron  of  rdl  principle — the  surrender  of  a  friend's 
secret,  or  of  a  duug-!iter*s  honor.  Vice,  thus  en- 
•ouratfed,  soon  led  to  want,  which  brousj^ht  new  sa- 
crifices to  her  shrine;  and  the  whole  of  the  upper 
ranks  were  reduced  to '  base  unblushing-,  and  hfg- 
jarly  cour  iers. 

"The  inquisition  of  modern  times  turned  its  at- 
tenion  from  heresies  in  faitli,  to  iiivi)rovements  in 
knowledge,  and  observances  of  society;  in  which 
it  displayed  equal  vigiUirice,  and  caused  equal  ter- 
ror. The  pile,  indeed,  was  no  lo-iger  lighted  for 
■Jews  or  Protestants;  but  young  men  were  dragged 
to  prison  from  the  bosom  of  their  famil\,  perhaps 
by  the  order  of  a  relation,  for  venting  too  freely  the 
Abstract  speculations  of  their  college.  Education, 
neglected  among  the  nobility,  was  an  ordeal  to  those 
wiio  embraced  a  liberal  profession.  An  improper 
book,  or  a  useful  invention,  were  equally  denounc- 
ed by  t  e  formidable  mi  listers  of  the  holy  office. — 
Dulness  and  ignorance  spread  their  wings  over  tiie 
whole  land. 

"It  may  give  some  idea  of  the  system  of  the 
court,  to  men- ion  their  behaviour  to  the  excellent 
and  lamented  Jovellanos.  Some  time  after  he  had 
been  disgraced  for  an  attempt  to  improve  his  coun- 
try', he  was  sent  to  a  coivent  in  Majorca.  There  he 
Amused  himself  m  tl  e  benevolent  task  of  instruct- 
ing the  inhabitants  of  Falma;  many  of  whom  of  tlie 
richest  fiimilies  knew  not  how  to  read  and  write. — 
His  kindness  and  amiable  manners  soon  made  him 
beloved;  which,  being  reported  at  Madrid,  an  or- 
der arrived  for  his  close  confinement  in  the  castle 
«f  Bellver. 

"The  most  striking  defects  of  tlie  nation,  are  tlie 
Ignorance  and  corruption  of  the  higher  orders — 
tlie  ignorance  and  apatliy  of  the  lower  Tue  go- 
vernment has  contributed  larg-ely  to  ihe  former; 
and  is  fnr  from  guiltless  in  relation  to  the  latter. 

"Poli'ica'  economy  seems  to  have  been  cultivated 
in  Spain,  only  to  show  Iiow  contrarv  h.er  l-.\vs  were 
to  all  the  precepts  of  science.  Many  branches  of 
trade  were  monopolized  by  the  government — agri- 
eulture  was  restrained,  in  order  to  promote  manU- 
fectures,  which  have  never  flourished — the  peasan- 
tj-y  were  subject  to  many  heavy  burdens — discou- 
raged in  their  most  laudable  pursuits — and  fettei-ed 
in  their  most  innocent  amusements.  The  over- 
whelming estates  of  tlie  gi-andees;  the  vast  proper 
ty  of  the  church;  the  want  of  roads,  c.mals,  coals, 
and  wood;  the  number  of  holit'.r'.ys;  and  many  more 
impediments  which  it  would  fill  a  volume  to  enume- 
rate— have  so  checked  the  industry  of  the  midllng 
•rders,that  they  have  long  .ig.i  given  up  tiieir  liopcs 
«f  wealth,  for  the  blessings  of  ignoraiice  and  inac- 
tivity. The  whole  kingdom  is  one  Ir.r^-e  castle  oi 
indolence.  The  people  of  tlie  interior  (or  And;ilu- 
cia  has  more  muslin  and  duplicity)  liave  ;dl  the  rude- 
ness, tJie  frankness,  and  the  romaiice  of  the  dn-k 
ages;  no  mechanical  n vein  ions;  no  moral  discove- 
ries; liave  penetrated  tliat  tranquil  rca:ion  Tiie 
power  which  took  away  the  means  of  improvement, 
extinguished  with  it  the  desire  to  improve;  and  i 
spell  of  enchantment  seems  to  ."jcbid  any  wish  to 
©scane  from  the  easy  insignificance  in  whicli  the  na- 
tioiiibo'i'id.  \  S  J  iniird,  w  ith  a  role.'.ible  liouse 
t^  WYCf  t>^,  »»y*e/  cBouw-h  to  pay  jax  hjs  subwyt- 


ence  and  a  bad  cigar,  is  quite  IndifTerenta-s  to  whAt 
tlie  woild  may  do  or  .nil, Ic.  yoiiiuaiiies  .i  eon  .i^ibl^ 
cro.sses  liis  way;  he  grumbles,  wr.ips  iii.usei  ia  ;iis 
cioak,  and  is  sii^ished  wi  a  lae  sun  oi  nia  Ciiiii..i.c. 
And  withf)Ut preiending  lo  aitacii  loo  giCai  weij^lit- 
to  puysical  cuusc,  it  is  iiapossible  to  deny  dua  c,:© 
natives  of  a  warm  ctiiPaie  iind  a  great  con.->oi...  loa 
for  ail  nii.itoriunes,  in  the  sinsanons  in.^piied  by 
fine  weatiier,  and  the  intoxication  ui  a  cepid  .^ir. 

'•It  was  known,  liai,  be«ide.s  ,iil  i;iese  imoecil- 
ities  oi  supersiiii'ju  uiiich  disgr.iced  nls  »,i-'cidi- 
iiand'a)  return — oesidcs  tlie  re-citabli^linieii  li.  tne 
inquisiuon — besides  the  exile,  on  v.u'ious  gi-ou»ias 
or  pretexts,  o!  several  tiiousaiid  fuiiulics,  iie  n-td 
liirown  in  o  pri.son  mOiC  iliaa  fi.e  tnous.iiid  peroaiij, 
for  no  oUiei-  crime  than  liiaL  ot  ad;uiaisteri,ig  lh-  se- 
sonaing  agovernineni  wiacn  uU  Europe  h^tii  I'eCv.g*- 
nizeil,  whicn  h^:d  resis;  ed  ail  tue  onci  s  ot  Boa.tij  i  uC^ 
and  under  wiiom  t.iC  resiataace  was  inaa*;  to  Wuwift. 
he  owed  nis  crown." 


[Translated  for  the  Boston  Palladium.] 

iiAUiau,  Juj-ir  31 
On  the  re-estccilishntent  of  t/ie  Jesuii,ii  m  S/ij,tn. 

Tne  kijg  our  niasier  has  received  trom  ..is  noii- 
ness  Pius  7-ii,  a.  lei..er  of  whicu  lue  lollo.virijj  lo  a 
translauon: 

"Our  very   dear  son  in  Jesus  Christ,  iieauli  and 
apostolic  benediction.     T.ie  sen  iincius  ot  ycnerous 
[iicty,  whicii  Have  exci.ed   aicro_tal  ue;a't  oi  yoar 
majesty,  liave  been  confirmed   as  is  niaui.e-l,  Wucn 
dcbirous  of  doing  a  di.-.dngaisned  benehi  .o  iie  reli- 
gion Oi  Jesus  Ciirisi,  yoar  nuijesiy  lias  rcioived  to. 
re-estauiibn  t,ie  (Jomijany  of  Jesus.     We  give  }oar 
ni^iesty  ilie  most  anec  ionate  taaiiks  loi  uicc^t^j  of 
\  our  royal  decree,  w.iicn  yju  iiave  sent  us,  and  i.iticli 
"more  tor  tiieriiiaideie.eace  wiiicn  yjut-aiajcoty  ai»- 
covers  for  our  counsels.     iVI  .y  t.ie  fataer  o.  mercies 
send  down  his  tiiessing  on  .nis  re.iglj.is  dispjsiaou 
of  your  in.ijesLy,   and  Ciuse  your  rci^jn   to   ,jiOS,jcr 
more  ever\  dj,y  tor  t!ie   i^oud  oi  yoar  nit>St.  lai^niiil 
subjects,  and  priacipaJy   of  iiic  tauica,   oi  wnic.i 
your  majesty  manifes.s   yourself    uie  dcfendei-   i.i 
your  states,  with  no  muc.i  glory    to  yoUi-.3cii  a.id 
consolation  lo  us.  We  suppiicttc  and  wilt  inceosaiuly 
supplicate    the  Lord  u)  pour  ai.:>  celes.i^l  g.ace  on 
tlie   person  oi    your  majesty,    to    CataOiisa  ^ou.  ma- 
jesty more  eacu  day  ia   tlie  maxuiis   vvuicii  renuet' 
you  a  kiiig  truly  cauiolic  in  your  saoaiissiun  lO  Lae 
Holy  See,  and  in  your  love  for  cue  tatner  ol  all  ilie 
iaiuiful;  being  ahic  ia  the  meuii  tiaie  lo  assure  voun. 
majes  v  tua-  we  li>ve  you.  witli  tiie  greatest  teaacr- 
ne,is,  and   that    wita  tae  gre.tieji.   eudsioa    oi   otir 
liCart  we  give  our  paternal,  aposioiic  oeaediCtion  lo 
yoar  m.ijcscy  and  to  aU_yoar  I'oyal  iaiuiiy. 
Given  ul  Home,  Sta.  Maria,  Maggit^i  e,  the   22d  of 
July,  in  tue  ^ear  Ibli,    irtn  ;  ear  oi  Oixr    Poaii- 


ficate.'' 


PIUS  7i  h. 


His  majesty  has  also  received  the  following  let- 
ters, wnica  the  vicar  geaoral  of  the  Company  oi  Je- 
sus, and  Llie  Sijaiiiaii  laoiika  of  Itie  Soine  coiupaay, 
residents  in  Italy,  nave  eqiiall)  directed  to  uuu  irom 
Rome 
A^acred  Catholic  Iioyal  Majesty, 

The  re-establishment  of  the  company  of  Jesus, 
I  ordained  by  your  majesty  in  all  your  most  happy 
'  dwjiini««»>  ^  3»  glorioue  ^  it^  lU^t  it  «ot  only 


B>jP?L^.jIEN T  TO  ^;iLSS-  R^GISTBlt-THS  POPE^S  ALLOCUTIO^T.      H^ 


Binkes  it  forsyet  all  the  verv  '.leavy  misfornines  \v  .uch 
it  hr:s  suffered  for  the  sr)tce  o."  half  a  ccnniry,  bin 
c.i'ises  i'  also  .0  rejoice  in  h.ivinjr  sMfleied  'Mem, 
and  evei)  to  co;mt  tliem  arnons^  the  most  extrHordi- 
narv  flivonrs  of  He:iveii.— Tnerefore,  with  tlie  liveli- 
er exoressions  of  our  ton,c:ue,  and  with  the  most 
On:;equloiis  affec!  ioHS  of  our  heart,  we  re-.der  tlianlcs 
to  -our  m-qestv,  because  voii  have,  in  a  moment,  ef- 
f  red  dl  stains  tvith  which  our  eiemies  have  dis.gra- 
cei  it  or  somanv  vears,  nid  have  caused  lo  appear 
in  'lie  face  o^  the  whole  wo.:ld  more  g-!<irious  ihan 
bef'-re.  So  sint^ular  a  benefit  will  remuiii  eternally 
cns^raven  on  our  hearts  and  will  obliqre  t]ie_  whole 
C-.  nninv  ;o  shew  itself  peipe-iullv  grateful,  re- 
dinib"ii>i!»-  in  ac  ivi'v  to  correspond  f.ittif'ully  to  the 
most  pious  end  tor  which  your  majesty  has  dei^ed 
lo  re-esiablish  i  . 

'  1-1  the  mem  <i.ne  we  will  all  prostrate  ourselves 
befoiC  the  altars  of  the  Most  Hipch  to  implore  tlie 
C.>mple'i-)n  of  tdl  sniritual  and  temporal  blesj^iuefs  on 


The  Pope's  Allocution. 

FROJI  THE  LONDON  COUHISB. 

HoMK.  Skpt.  (y. 

Allocution  of  his  holiness  f^ope  JPius  VII.  in   the  secret 
connitftory,  held  the  4ih  of  September,  1815. 

Veverable  Brothers — Vou  have  perhaps  been  sur^ 
prised  that  to  this  moment  we  have  not  imparted 
our  jo v'  to  you;  yet  doiibt  not  that  it  would  have  in- 
creased my  satisfaction  could  you  have  sooner  par- 
ticipated in  it. 

We  Would  have  wished  to  apprise  you  earlier  of 
the  restitution  of  several  of  our  provinces,  both  'hatJ 
we  might  tes'ifv  our  gratitude  to  the  sovereign  dis«s 
penser  of  all  good,  with  that  solemnity  whic.i  is  duer 
for  so  great  a  benefit,  and  also  to  the  glorious  mon- 
arclis  from  whom,  next  to  God,  we  have  received  so 
great  a  kindness. 

IJiit  now  that  the  convention  relative  to  the  rer.to- 
ration  of  our  provinces,  in  execution  of  the  decree 
o;  con<::ress,  is  concluded  with  the   minister  of  our 


vour  m..ies*v,  vo'ir  roval  hniiiv,  and  vour  beloved;  „  ,,,    •      c^         •    u    r-  i- » 

•'   ,.        ■'     .     ,T  •    *K^  „„r.i«  „V  oH  ...i.^cpiiiin.riTiv-- idearsonin  Jesus  Clins.  IrancisH   h.mperor  or  Aus- 
9'!hle^^s.      And  I,  n  the  name  or  ail,  pi  esenungmv- ;     .  ....  .         '  u--  i     i 

,,•.',     r       ,1         u^•     „  ♦i.r.^^^^r  ,.rMn- niiipsiv    hp'r  ti  la,  &c.  and  OUT  lunsilictiou  compleiclv  esiabiisheo, 

seU  beToie  the  sublime  throne  or  \oui  m.ijes'},  otj,  >  .  j  \         .  ,      _ 

T       1,  1   ,.,..^cr^o..   T'^iir  ;mnnT''int  I  ■Nve  mav  C'lve  a  free  course  to  ourio\,  wiiicu  we  hav0 

ou.  Lord  to  preserve  and  p.ospei    jour  ^"^P"^  ^^'^^  ,  ^.i^,,  difficulty  restrained,  and  following  vhe  custom 

"Ym^^Ei'it.iv^i  majesty's  humble,  submis- If /^   Holy  "  See,  let  us  rejoice  at   our  success   it 

sive  and  obsequious  serv  (Ut 

JU  \N  .TEREVT,  vicar  general  of  th« 
Company  of  JesuitB. 


Rome,  July  1st,  1315. 


this  business. 

Scarcely  hud  v.-e  been  in  tlie  course  of  the  lasl? 
year  delivered  from  oiu- captivity,  wlien  wedirectefl 
our  first  atten  ion  o  the  aff.  irs  of  the  catholic  church 
over  which,  all  unworthy  as  we  are,  we  preside,  and 
p  which  will  always  liave  the  first  place  in  our  thoughiSj- 
"Sire— We,  the  Spanish  monks  of  the  Company  o.  -^yj^j^  regard  to  these  aff^drs,  it  appeared  to  us  that 
tfesus,  residents  in  Italy,  most  hnihful  s^ibiects  of  ^.^  ^j^i^li'^  tohave  notlung  so  much  at  heari  as  the 
your  majest> ,  present  ourselves  at  your  royal  feet  t<.  oi^taining  the  restitution  of  all  the  provinces  which 
cxpress'to  you  our  sentiments  of  loyalty,  gratitude  compose  the  patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  of  the  posse«- 
and obedience,  for  the  royal  dispatch  of  the  2^^th  of ,  j^jy,^  ^^f  .^vnidi  ijie  iioly  See  iias  been  deprived  in  tiiese 
May,  wiih  which  you  have  condescended  to  call  the:  ^-.^^^^  ^p  ^..^.^^  ^^^^  wickedness,  being  bound  thereto 
.Cornpany  of  Jesus  into  you;  dominions.  j  l^y  q,jj.  cliaructer  of  administrator,   and  by    he  oath 

"Sire,  this  beneficence  has  obliterated  from  our  j  which  we  took  when  raised  to  the  supreme  Ponti- 
Temembrance  forty -three   years  of  misfortunes;  nei-^  ficate. 

thersliould  we  name  them,  if  your  majesty  had  not  In  consequence,  as  soon  as  our  dear  son  Cardinal 
deigned  to  mention  iliem  witli  so  much  g'oodness.  Hercules  Gonsalvi,  Deacon  of  St.  Agatlia,  aZ/u  iS'a^- 
liut  all  vanishes  in  our  minds  at  the  splendv)r  of  a  |  ((,•!•«,  had  rejoined  us,  we  sent  him  to  P  irib  as  well 
sovereign,  of  a  father  so  religious,  so  beneficent,  I  to  ofier  to  our  dear  son  in  Jesus  Christ,  the  christian 
and  so  worthy  of  our  veneration.  king  Lo-iis,  our  congi-atulations  on  the   recovery  of 

«1n  adversity,  we  gloried  to  have  shown  ourselves  his  hereditary  kingdom,  as  to  commence  with  liim 
faithful  to  our  sovereign  and  lovers  of  our  country.  |  and  the  other  sovereigns  in  that  capital  active  ne- 
Tl'is  is  a  very  sure  pledge  of  the  love,  respect  and  [gociat  Ions  for  the  restoration  of  tlie  possessions  of 
gratitude  which  animates  us  at  a  time  in  which  i  tlie  holy  See.  For  tliat  purpose,  we  addressed  lo 
your  majesty  has  given  us  the  greatest  proof  that  a  each  of  these  princes  a  brief,  not  doubting  but  that 
monarch  can  give  of  his  benevolence  and  his  piety,  j  these  illustrious  mouarclis  would,  from  thier  ov-ii 
"Correspondent  to  these  sentiments  are  those  of  j  magnanimity,  justice,  and  equity,  be  disposed  to 
dur  eternal  gratitude,  which  v.c  would  explain  if  any  |  protect  tlie  cause  of  the  church. — Nevertheless  it: 
expressions  would  manifest  it  in  full  extent.  The 
prompt  obedience  and  submission  to  the  orders  of 
vour  majesty  will  supply  the  want  of  them  and  de- 


Bionstrale  i;  in  part. 

"We  will  fly,  sire,  to  employ  our  forces,  and  what 
remains  to  us  oflile,  in  the  exercise  of  our  functions, 
to  make  the  best  return  in  our  power,  for  the  in- 
comparable benefit  which  you  have  conferred  upon 
us,  to  se;ve  your  majesty  and  our  beloved  country, 
and  to  fortify  in  the  hearts  of  the  loyal  Spaniards  the 
spirit  of  religion  and  of  love  for  their  sovereign,  of 
^vllich,  to  the  asionishment  of  Europe,  they  have 
lately  given  sucli  sublime  examples. 


'Our  Lord  jire-erve  the  prccibus  life  of  your  ma-   usseinbled 


was  not  fit  that  we  should  remain  idle  in  so  impor- 
tant  an  affair,  und  we  did  not  neglect  to  implore 
their  succor  in  therccovery  of  our  provinces  already 
deliN  ered  from  invasion  by  the  power  of  their  arms. 
Cardinal  CJonsalvi  ;,rrived  speedily  at  Paris,  ftd- 
filicd  the  commission  to  his  most  christian  majesty 
with  wliicii  we  had  charged  him,  and  was  received 
bv  the  king  wi  h  those  demonstrations  of  interest 
and  love  ibr  us  which  we  had  reason  to  expect  from 
his  high  vir:ues  and  his  piety;  and  then  proceeded 
without  delay  to  London,  where  the  allied  sover- 
eigns, with  the  exception  of  our  very  dear  son  io 
Jesus  Christ,  Francis  II.   Emperor  of  Austria,  were 


jesty  the  miuiy  years  that  clu-istianity  and  th.e  coun- 
tiw  require. 

"Sire,  at  the  royal  feet  of  your  maj  esty,  your  most 
SMbmissive,  obseqi'.ious  and  faithful  subjects, 


How  could  we  suppress  the  feelings  of  joy  and 
gratitude  with  whicti    we  were  filled,    on   learning;- 


,.owour  envoy  was  received  in  the  opulent  capital 
of  so  mighty  a  kingdom.     He  there  renewed    whar. 
The  Spanish  monks  of  the  Coivpaiiy  of  Jeiiis,\\v,i(\  not' hutn  seen  for  two  centuries,  the   spectacle 
resident  in  J:ti!ff.  of  a  Cardinal  Legate  and  appeared  publicly  in  Loa- 

'%>\'^i£  Jii'V  1»  mU''  «!*'''  ''■■^^''  ^'^  y« mis.si»n  Qf  tUe  gavQCHB\n,t,.dec9;\v 


1^0    SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILSS^  UKatSTER—TIIE  POPS»S  ALLOCUTION. 


ted  with  the  distiii!?iushing  marks  of  his  dig-mty,  in 
the  same  manner  as  he  would  have  done  in  tlie  Cuj)- 
ital  of  ihe  christian  world. 

O'lr  leg'itewus  immedi^-.tely  admitted  to  an  au 
dienceoThis  rcval  hip^hness  the  prince  regen;  lie 
delivered  to  him  oiu- brief,  offered  him  our  congr.!- 
tulations  and  our  friend  .hip,  as  well  for  his  royal 
hij^liness  as  for  the  valiant  Ei-vjlisli  nation,  which  lias 
covered  itself  with  bucli  g-lnry. 

T"  e  cardinal  was  received  at  the  court  o.  the 
prince  re.ffent  v.itli  surh  marks  of  ki^idness  and  at- 
taciiment'to  our  person,  that  h  was  impossible  f^ 
manifest  more.  And  for  this  reason  professing  our- 
selves strongly  attaciied  to  .he  prince  regent,  and  o 
all  t'.ie  classes  composing  that  generous  nation,  for 
which  wealreadvclieiishedihestron-cst  inclination, 
v,e  most  cixrert'ully  embrace  tins  opporiunity  to 
pivethem  a  public  tesrimony  of  our  eiieem,  and  or 
•ur  warmest  grititude.  _       » 

Afi  er  delivering  our  brief  to  eacii  ofthe  soverei  rns 
our  leratesubmi  led  to  them  -he  cause  of  tlie  apos- 
tolic .See,  and  soljciied  urgentl'.  and  severallv  tiie 
restitution  of  e.icli  of  ihe  ]U'ovir.ces,  of  which  tlie 
holy  See  has  been  successively  de-poikd,  in  cinse- 
quenceof  the  revolution  which  coumnenced  in  1789. 
He  represented  in  an  official  no  e  all  the  reasons 
upon  whicii  the  iiicoiUesl  ihie  righ  s  ofthe  holy  See 
are  tounded,  and  in  our  name  imiiloved  the  same 
•sovereigns  to  be  pleased  to  take  the  Romish  ciurcli 
under  tlieir  just  proteciion.  Sucli  «as  liiekindness 
of  the  allied  pri  ices — such  are  the  proofs  wiiicn 
thev  have  given  of  their  good  disposicion  towards  us, 
that  we  have  more  and  more  reason  to  congraiula  e 
ourselves  on  our  re.solutim,  and  to  acknowledge,  in 
a  more  particular  maniier,  wliai  good  grounds  wc 
had  to  place  so  mucli  hope  on  t.heir  authority  and 
ihei!-  kindness. 

Wlien  it  was  determined  that  a  congress  should 
be  neld  a>  Vienna,  to  treat  of  the  political  system  O: 
K.  iropc,  the  cardinal  legale,  by  our  order,  repaired 
thither,  and  presen  ed  (w  licii  he  iiadnot  tiie  oppoi'- 
tunitv  of  doing  at  Paris,)  to  our  very  de.r  son  in 
Jesus  Ciuisi,  i'rancis  emperor  of  Austria,  our  biier, 
our  feliclt.;tions,  and  our  representai ions.  You  are 
too  well  ac  juaim  ed  with  the  religion,  piety, ,  nd  good 
faith  of  that  great  monarch,  to  I'etder  any  dei.al 
nece-isary  here,  of  the  f><vorable  disposition  he  has 
shewn  towards  us.  From  thereporiofilie  cardinal, 
we  can  assure  you  that  his  majesty  evinced  die 
most  tavorabie  intenlioiis,  that  iie  constantly  ex- 
pressed tliose  intentions  in  the  most  re-assuring 
language,  and  tliat  they  experienc>  d  no  alteration 
iiiiLil  the  dehnidve  conclusion  'took  place.  We  are 
persuaded  hatliie  fbrtuna  e  success  of  our  negocia- 
tion  i.s  ciiiefiy  owing  to  ids  good  will  towards  us. 

The  sovereigns,  as  you  know,  had  resolved  to  pass 
some  months  at  Vienna.  Daring  that  time  our  legate 
was  employed  on  many  otiier  oujects,  both  spiritual 
and  vCinporal,  relative  to  tlie  Holy  Sec  and  the 
c'nurch.  We  shall  give  \ou  in  due  time  un  account 
of  all  his  transactions.  Meanvv^hiie  we  cannot  pass 
over  the  manner  in  which  he  supported  the  dignity 
of  tlie  Holy  See,  and  the  prerogative  of  its  repre- 
sentadves.  W  len  'there  was  a  (piestion  of  adjourn- 
ing loan  indtiiniie  term,  the  diificult  ques'iono! 
I'le  precedence  of  the  ministers  of  the  European 
courts,  our  legate  took  pariicular  care  on  that  occa- 
sion to  muintain  tlie  dignity  of  the  apostolic  see, 
and  to  render  it  even  more  imposing.  We  owe  to  the 
m.gnanimity  of  the  illusLrions  monarchs,  eve;i  ol 
th<).-.e  (whicJi  ouglit  the  more  to  excite  our  graii 
tude)  wl'.o  are  not  united  in  commuidon  with  the 
church  ot  St.  Peer,  the  decree  declaring  that  there 
•.shall  be  nu  innovatioii  ni.ide  with  regard  to  the  le- 


gates and  nuncios  of  the  holv  see,  who  occupv  th 
first  rank  among  the  ambissddors  of  sovereigns.  la 
passing  such  a  decree  tVie.-  dou')dess  had  not  in  vievr 
our  ciaracter  of  a  temporal  prince,  si  ice  in  th.it  re- 
spect we  are  so  much  below  tne  power  of  many 
OKier  princes;  ihey  co  tsidei  ed  the  digni:v  of  oup 
priesthood,  and  wished  to  lake  meri.  to  them^elvet 
for  honoring  it. 

Our  legate  having  continued  to  main  ainour  in  e- 
rests,  and  o  remove  nurierou.  di^cul'ie-,  the  en- 
poral  aff.drs  o,'  Rome  Were  deft  tiivelv  'e.niin'ted 
by  a  solemn  decree  of  the  congress,  purpor'i  it  .  it 
Liie  holy  see  s.ouid  regii.i  possession  of  -e  M  irc» 
of  Ancoia,  M  tcerata  and  Fermo,  the  duc'des  of'Ca- 
merino,  Benevento,  Ponie  Corvo,  and  he  provinces 
of  Romano,  Bologna  and  Ferrari,  known  unde  •  ih.e 
denomination  of  he  three  legntions,  tliat  pari  ofthe 
legtidon  of  Ferru'a  w'nich  i.-  silua'.ed  on  'he  1e  "t  of 
i.ie  Pu,  being  iiowever  excep  ed. 

Such  O  venerable  fathers,  i  5  the  cause  for  joy.  and 
wliicn  we  thisdav  communicate  "o  you, vtiersujde.l 
tnat  Ills  ii.ippy  even-  wili  give  voii  no  less  pleisure 
than  we  have  ex  lerienced  from  it  T  le  Lord  Ood, 
who  mortifie  1  and  vivifieth,  whohu.Tihie  h  and  ex- 
al'etli,  af  er  the  days  and  years  which  ve  lavep.issed 
toget.ier  in  our  a  Ive.sity,  moved  with  compassi  in 
towards  us,  now.  in  liis  bounty,  restoreth  to  us  liiosfi 
p:ovinces,  o  whic-i  we  have  so  long  been  depidved^ 
and  deigneili  .ilso  :o  pre|)are  for  us  a  grand  consola- 
'  ion  by  I'.dding  still  fu.'lher  to  the  splendor  of  the 
Roman  ch.ircn.  If  we  experience  so  mich  joy,  it 
certainl,  is  not  on  our  own  accotint,  we  being  far  re- 
mote f  om  all  ambition  of;emporal  grandeur,  buf 
from  respect  to  God  and  Ids  holy  church. 

Tne  more  ex  enstve  indeed  the  patrimony  of  Sti 
Peter  is,  the  more  the  sovereign  pontiffs  have  it  in 
rlieir  power  to  p  ovide  .19  they  ought,  by  their  func* 
tions  and  their  digniiy,  ^or  the  wants  of  the  churcli 
and  tlie  fai  hful  througiiout  the  whole  world.  We 
are  therefore  of  ojjinion,  that  all  the  princes  who  fa- 
vored oiu*  applications  at  Vienna,  either  personally 
or  by  their  representatives,  as  was  done  with  so 
much  interes  l)v  our  dear  sonsin  Jesus  Clirist,  Lou- 
is t!ie  most  christian  king,  and  Ferdin:md  the  catho* 
lie  king',  as  well  as  the  prince  roval  of  the  Brazills, 
regent  or  Porttigal,  luive  deserved  well  not  only  oi' 
us  but  of  the  catliolic  church. 

This  glor\-,  also  sh.tred  by  those  princes  who  d« 
not  belong  to  die  R  imish  churcii,  and  whom  we  hav# 
likewise    found  filled    v/ith   good    dispositions  and 
kindness  towards  us.     And  whom  otig-ht  we  to  namtf- 
vvidi  greater  honor  than  the  august  emperor  of  Rus-« 
sia,  Alexander,  a  prince  as  illustrious  for  his  milita- 
ry glory  and  his  viciories,  as  for  the  wisdom   of  hi» 
government.     Tnis  august  monarch  took  cognizance 
01  our  cl.dms   witli  pectdiar  friendsiiip,  and    sup' 
ported  our  interests  with  all  his  pon'er  and  autliori- 
ty.     Could  we  pass  over  in  i,ile:ice  the  services  i-i-.ii- 
dered  us  by  Frederick,  kingof  Prussi.i,  wno  iias  con- 
stantly  sliewn  Idinself  disposed  in   our   f.tvor?  we 
have  the  same  obligations  to  (Jharles  king  of  S-.ve-. 
den,  wiio  has  voluntai-i(y  concurreci  i;i,  and  so  ardent-. 
ly  wished  for  the  settlement  of  our  affdrs«.     Btit 
how  can  v.e  abstain  fioni    anew  e::prcssin--f'Ur  gra- 
ti'tide  to   his  royal  highness    the  prince  regent  of  . 
England,  who  h:;s  been  so  earnest  in  onr  beiialf,  tha.t 
.he  orders  whicli  he  himself  ga\e  have  been  of  great 
adv-uitage  to  our  interests  in  the  congress  of  Vlenns., 
Ws  acknowledge  that  we  are  t'le  more  obliged  t« 
these  .princes,  because  they  had  fc.tet^  motlvcH  for 
supporting  and  protecting  tlie  cau,-;e  of  tne  apostoU 
10   see.     XVe  will   not    iin;i:ly  iorg-et  the   minister-; 
plenipoter.ti:u-y   by  whcm  die   impi  rtant  affairs  of  . 
tlie  princes   have   licoi.  tiiscussed   .-.t  the  cf>n«Tcts; 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES' 


RKC 


; I SrSR— THE  POPE'S  ALLOCUTION.      i *> ( 


tlieir  services hnvc  been  ni  irkc.I  in  O'lr  hcSi.uf,  and 
bv  secondiii!^  Willi  thcii-  couicils  smi  iiifiu":ice  the 
excellent  Jisposilioiis  of  their  soverci.s^ns,  tlicv 
have  greatly  coaiributed  lo  the  hiippy  iobue  of  llie 
business  of  \.\>e  ciiiiroh.  '' 

J.et  us  loudly  confess,  O  venerable  brothers,  tliat 
the  coiiioh.tion  which  we  experier.cfi  ultlie  icstitu- 
tii>n  of  tiie  provinces  of  wiiicli  weiuivo  sjioicca,  has 
not  been  so  entire  as  we  hud  hoped,  i:\  ib.tt  tiie  pro- 
vince of  Avignon,  acqnii'cd  by  t!ie  holy  see,  and 
possessed  for  five  cenUuies,  the  counlv  of  Venuis- 
bin.  likewise  po.s:iCv5ed  by  it  during- a  loi;;jer  sp.ice; 
.'tnd  lastly,  tlie  proviacc  of  Fcri-ar.i.,  si'iv.ilcd  on  die 
left  bank  of  the  Po;  till  districts  beioiit^in.iC  .o  tlie 
holy  see  as  inucii  as  the  other  ecciei'.iasiici.ldomai'.is, 
remain  still  sepaiMte  from  their  lejci'-i'"^'-^  sove- 
reign. We  have  tlu-oug-ii  the  minisu-y  of  o:.r  le- 
g-ate laid  our  acclaniutiorii  on  this  sui)jec.  before 
cjnpress:  we  have  moreover  petid-jned  our  djirty 
beloved  son-i  in  .lesuy  Christ,  Fi-.tiici-.,  empe.or  of 
Austria,  and  Louis,  the  most  cLri:/i.ia.:j  kin.u',  under 
whose  goveriunent  tliese  countr  ci  lie,  that  'hey 
would,  with  that  mai^nanimity  v/hicii  belong-s  to 
them,resmrethcin  ta'thc  lioty  "see.  We  hoi)e  that 
our  labours  will  not  be  unproductive  We  have 
pL.ced  };-re^t  confidence  in  tlic  iricd  relig-ion  and  \n- 
ety  of  tliese  two  princes,  and  we  doubt  not  bat  th.a 
sovereig-iis  so  gn-eat,  so  powerful,  wdll  per  ect  their 
g-lory,  eithei-  bv  restoring  to  us  theiJosaCssion  of  ier- 
ri'Ories  wnicli  beiouij  to  St.  Peter,  or  indemniryinii' 
us  for  their  loss  by  .some  equiv..!e;it  coiupensatiou. 

Nevertheless,  that  tlie  delay  of  res.iUitiiui  or 
compei\sationmi;^ht  noi  prejudice  liie  rig-uts  of  the 
holy  see,  our  le;.,«-ate  made  a  Icgil  protect  to  con- 
jfress  ag-ninst  their  retention  botli  in  our  name  and 
in  tliat  of  tiieapostolic  see.  He  delivered  a  copy  of 
that  protest  to  the  mlnisLersof  all  the  princes  who 
had  signed  tiie  treaty  of  Paris  of  tiie  31st  .May, 
1S14,  wiiich  tre.ity  was  r;' ■  ihed  at  Vienna,  llo  joi.k- 
ed  tiicreto  u  note,  in  whicl*  iic  stated  in  detail,  tn<< 
reasons  for  muklng  such  a  protest,  and  formally  re- 
quested their  iuberdou  in  the  protocol  of  tiie  con- 
gress. 

You  mav,  venerable  brothers,  tiike  cognizance  oi 
the  protest  and  note.  We  have  ordered  th.it  tiiese 
two  docimients,  one  written  in  Latin,  tlie  other  in 
French,  should  be  communicaifcd  to  you,  with  the 
lt;dian  translation,  in  orfler  that  all  arbitrary  inter- 
pretation may  be  avoided.     You  will   also  see,  tliat 


sion,  in  wiiich  were  given  pnrticular  details  on  tlia 
injuries  which  the  spiritual  ri^^'liH  and  i  i  erests  of 
tue  churcli  had  suatained,  aul  that  tne  .v.sdo  n  of 
the  sovercig-ns  Was  solicited  to  apply  a  remedy  lo 
these  evils  The  wishes  lon.-f  exfji-e^sed  by  all  I'.-o  )d 
catholics,  and  those  of  our  paternrd  iiearc,  havii,;.: 
been  seconded,  uc  hoped  •k'u\\  the  concurrCi'.ce  o." 
s.dd  prince i  '.o  provide  for  tiie  urge:i.  wa.iLS  or  t'le 
church.  Hjw'ever,  the  congres.i  wa;^  about  to  dij- 
solv. 
( 


iolvj  witho;ii  sei'iing  any  thi  tg  respecting  tlie    ai- 
airsof  the  c.itholic  chiu'ch.      T  .c  sa-ne  day  vhe  le- 
gate notified  die  protest  of  widch  we  iiive  spoke:'!, 
and  whicn  was  relative  to  the  e  n,5or..l .  ffdri  of  '  le 
holy  see;   he  presented  a-io  iier   witii  a   no.eo-'l!: 
hand  to  the  ambassidors  of  the  sovereign.^,  rci  •    vcj 
to  the  spirituals  uid  te.npor.ils  ofthecuurch  ot  Cei-- 
many.     We  shall  abstain  from  farther  observ    ij  j 
on  this  subject,  as  copies   of  the   protest   ind    ■    a 
note  will  jjc  l.d  1   Ijcf  )re  you.     .Vfter    havi'ig  dcri,..- 
tively  terminated  cve.y  thing  rcg»"di;ig  our  pers  im, 
and  wiiich  served  lo  secui-e  liie    ri.-liLS  of  t^e    hoiv 
see,  we  doubt    not  ihat  the    princes,   co  ivi.iced  on 
their  p.art,  of  the  importance  of    ids  object,  aid  i;.-* 
interest  to   theiuselves,  will  devote    tneir  c  res     <> 
proiiioce  tiie  in-,.eresti  of  die  cli  ucii,  and   t.ike  suc-ii 
steps  as  may  enable  tn.em  to  legda  e   all  the  ecoiC- 
siasvicai   aiiairs   of  (jermmy.     We   iiope    liiis    do 
more  confidently,  as     e   have  just  learned,  tna:  .tt  a. 
nev/  congress  which  is    soon  to  open  the  alFairs  of 
Germany  itself  wid  be  regulated   on   a   permauenc 
basi^.     We  hope    hat  in  this  congress,  p.a-  ic;ii.ir  .^  - 
lention  will  be  paid  .o   the  affairs  oi'    he  ciiuicii  — 
Religion  being  the  most  solid  basis  of  empires,  an.>. 
tlie  firmest  support  of  public   felicity,    sove;'ei  ;n.>. 
and  all  governments  are  essentially  interested  in  .ie- 
fending  and  protecting  it. 

In  order  that  we  may  not  fail  in  our  duty  to  j;>.r) ■- 
por^  the  rigliisof  the  ciiurch,  and  tiie  holy  aposiii- 
ic  see,  whicli  we  are  bound  to  .reserve  in  all  tueir 
integrity,  we  confirm  with  our  full  aoo.-.iolic  ju  .j 
ri-y,  the  two  pro  ests  made  by  our  legate,  ^elal^^■., 
to  the  rigiils  and  interests  as  v/eil  of  the  hoiv  sec,, 
as  of  the  chuicli  of  Germany,  in  the  same  m.;n:iei- 
as  is  declared  by  the  apostolic  bull  which  we  ih^ve 
..lie  .dy  issued. 

We  cannot  terminate  our  speech,  w  ithout  tcsti;-.  - 
ingour  eniire  satisfaction  of  our  legate,  for  having 
so  wortliiiy  performed  the  duties  we  entrusted  to  nis 
execudon.     Thougli  liis  modesty  rejects  the  pi-.»i»e. 


our  legate  ha.s,   in  thee  two  documents,  ijrotested  it  is  a  homage  rciidered    to   truth,  to   manifest   tin; 


against  the  article  of  the  decree  of  t!ie  congress  of 
Vienna,  by  wnich  the  emperor  of  Austrin  wid  ids 
successors  are  authorised  to  establish  g-arrisons  in 
Ferraraan<l  Comacchio.  That  mea.sui-e,  wiiich  at- 
tacks the  independent  rights  of  sovereignty  of  tiie 
apostolic  see,  may  disturb  the  exercise  of  the  legii- 
imate  jurisdiction,  pi-fjudice  the  neutraiily  of  the 
ecclesiastical  state,  and  expose  it  to  tiostiliiies  in 
time  of  war. 

Having  spoken  of  the  temporal  Interests  of  the 
Roman  ciiurcli,  it  remains  for  us  to  .idvert  to  die 
ecclesiastic'd  interests  of  Germanv,  wiiich  h.^ve  not 
been  forgotten  by  our  legate.  Flatiereil  b}'  tlie 
hope  that  the  new  order  of  tilings  establishing-  in 
(iermany  miglit  concur  witli  our  views  in  repair- 
ing the  great  injuries  which  the  clmrch  has  experi- 
enced in  that  country,  we  enjoined  ooi-  legale  to  di- 
rect all  his  attention  to  that  nubject,  as  being-  one 
of  the  greatest  importance.  This  he  ctmlinued  lo 
do  from  tlie  opening  of  the  congress  until  its  close. 
A  commission  was  liinned  .  of  the  ministers  and 
princes  of  Germany,  lo  wliom  the  affairs  of  that 
eouniry  were  specially  referred.  A  note,  contain- 
ing all  our  claims,  was  addrcsi«d  t»  tU»t  ««fi[iiai9- 


sentiments  of  our  heart.  His  justice,  probity,  anil 
talents  have  merited  our  good  will,  since  the  com- 
mencement of  our  poniific.te,  and  nothing  couKL 
give  us  greater  pain,  tlian  tne  being  obliged  .o  sep- 
arate from  him.  In  Prance,  duri-ig  the  lime  of  oir 
captiviiy,  he  gave  us  proofs  of  his  constancv  and  n- 
tlelity,  we  lhere;bi-e  conferred  upon  him  a  leg  tion, 
full  of  difticulty,  in  which  he  penectly  fulfilled 
what  we  expected  from  his  talents  and  ids  devolioii 
to  our  person,  and  the  interests  of  the  caiiiolio 
cliurch,  in  conft>rming  to  our  orders  with  the  grtal- 
estpmictuality,  aiula  zeal  above  all  pp\ise.  He  ii  iS 
terminated  u  itli  the  most  wortiiy  success,  the  mis- 
sion with  which  we  charged  him.  He  lias  tliereiore 
deserved  well  of  tlit  holy  see,  and  we  ow«lum  ud-i 
public  eulogium. 

It  is  now  our  duty,  O  veneraljle  brothers,  to  uniie 
our  prayers,  in  order  to  render  to  God,  the  autii  iir 
of  all  good,  and  whose  special  proteciion  we  li.i  j«»s 
1-ateiy  experienced,  tiie  just  tribute  of  the  thu:;:.* 
we  owe  him;  and  since  we  are  persuaded  that  he  iiis 
granted  us  so  many  favors  througii  tlie  intercessivi 
and  merits  of  the  most  glori  lus  virgin  Mary  an.l 
Va.%  holy  apostlw  St.  Patw  ;ui4  S;.  Pint^  v^a  vdlt'^^ 


im        StJPWiKMSNT  TO  NiLES'  REGISTER—BISIIOP.S  OF  I11ELANI>. 


"tlie  dayconsecratcrl  to  Ihe  nativity  of  tliat  holy  vir- 
f^i'i  raotlioi-  of  (Incl.  after  the  solemn  muss  •celebrat- 
ed in  onrpresence  i,i  »lie  calhedrul  of  the  princeof 
•:(l)r)«llc?,  address  to  fiod  our  tii:'nks.givli)g-s  with 
psalm:;  :;nd  hvmns,  r.nd  we  will  then  offer  the  tri- 
\)U'ieoi"  our  hon>;ii!;e  to 'die  most  holy  Mury  and  to 
he  R-iorioiis  prince;;  of  the  -postles  St.  Peler  and  St. 
TPaui,  in  order,  that  hy  their  powerful  intercessions, 
Cod,  al()r;j:  \\  ith  tlie  most  ample  g-ifis  with  whicli  lie 
has  jp-alifted  us,  may  g^rant  a  j)e;fect  tranquility  to 
thecliurch  of  wiiicliVe  are  the  visible  head,  and 
give  unto  all  the  princes  who.se  be  ^ev  olcnce  we  and 
the  noiy  .see  ii'^e  experienced,  an  iiic;'cas(S  oi  glor}- 
and  haj  pi.iess. 


Order  01  the  Urissiaji  Emj.eror. 

Af'cr  the  late  rcviewofUie  Russian  army  at  Yer- 
'tUs,  tl.e  emperor  Alexander  issued  'he  following' 
ORDER  Ox^  1-HB  U  vY. 

Caw.li  at  Vertvs,  Aug:  30 — S,:pt.  11. 

"Treason  and  thepei-fidious  desig-ns  of  the  enemy 
Cfpublic  repose  liuve  brou.(;-ht  you,  brave  warriors, 
to  the  same  plains  in  wiiicu  last  year,  after  huvj.-.g' 
x'anquish.ed  him,  vou  opened  to  youvsches,  in  f  illow- 
inL':  his  iraci,  iiiCi-o.'.d  io  Paris.  Thanks  toti:e  Al- 
mii^htv,  ywur  \  alor  alieady  su!P.ciently  known  to  the 
v/orld,  lias  nil  been  put  to  new  pi-oo'S. 

"Tiie  ..^eneral  i>ieasures  adop  ed  by  tiie  allied  pow- 
ers put  a  stop  to  tlie  audacity  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte 
beibre  your  assistance  in  the  field  was  necessary. 
Jie  iiimsoU'hiis  been  oblig-ed  to  surrender  a  p^'i.ioner. 
■^'ou  lK.ve  n.ot  the  less  demons'i-ated,  by  a  rapid  march 
fiom  the  banks  of  the  Dneijier  and  the  Dwina  to  those 
of  the  Seine,  tliat  the  tranquility  oi  Europe  is  not 
foreiji-n  to  Russia,  and  that  notwithstanding  tlie  im- 
niensiiv  of  t!ie  dista'ice,  you  are  always  re^.dy  to 
Combat  for  justice  wlienever  the  voice  of  your  coun- 
try and  voiir  sovereign  may  call  you. 

"In  now  sendiiur  you  back  to  your  countr}-  so  dear 
to  von,  it  is  pieasintj  lo  me  to  have  to  express  to  my 
lirotiier-  in  arms  niy  s>Tuiitude  for  the  zeal  and  order 
which  I  h.ive  observed  in  inspecting- jour  ranks  in 
ilie  plains  of  Chuin))a;^-ne.  Ti.e  remembriMicc  of 
that  review,  in  whicii  before  the  allied  suvcreig-ns 
■and  their  g-enerals,  theregdments  of  tiie  line  and  tlie 
fa-tiilery  rivalled  each  other  in  tlie  order  and  preci- 
sion of  til  eir  movements,  and  in  the  good  condition 
of  tlieir  arms  and  equipmems,  will  always  be  pre- 
sent to  mv  memory.  I  thank  you  at  the  .same  time 
for  tl^emidiitetiance  of  strict  discipline,  and  ibr  tlie 
reg^ular  coitd  ict  widch  you  have  constantly  obser- 
ved in  foreign  couiitries,"and  to  vvhicii  the  inhabitants 
<lo  perfect  justice.      , 

[Here  fidnws  tlie  erriperor's  thanks  to  the  prince 
T?j)clay  de  'lolly,  and  the  chief  officers  of  the  arm}, 
&c.]  "  f 

"JNfay  the  benediction  of  the  eternal  accompany 
you  in  your  maixh  to  \our  homes — His  all  powerful 
hand,  in  preserving  you  from  the  evils  wliicli  accom- 
pany war,  indicates  to  jou  the  path  wiiich  ought  to 
Te-conducl  you  to  the  bosom  of  your  tamilies;  be 
grateful  for  his  infiniie  bounty,  by  constantly  [I  llow- 
uig  his  laws,  and  unceasingly  recollecting  that  di-, 
vine  mercy  has  been  to  you  pt-rticularly  favorable, 
because  you  have  alw  a}  s  placed  all  your  hopes   in 

(Signed)  "ALEXAXDEll." 

Af  er'the  review  of  the  Russian  army,  the  empe- 
■VSiV  Alexander  ordered  a  religious  solemnity  to  take 
jplacc,  in  which  after  returning  thanks  to  God  for 
Tiaving  put  an  end  to  the  calami  ies  of  Euroije,  he 
•  ^iiadf  a  vow  to  the  eternal  to  exercise  all  his  soul 
and  tlie  su-engtU  gfUis  QHipirg  ft^r  Uie  pesefvation 
■ofpesos-. 


Ilesoliition!?  of  tlie  T3ishops  of  Ireland. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Roman  catholic  prelates  of  Ire- 
land, held  in  Dublin  on  the  23d  and  24ih  of  Au- 
gust, 1S15,  the  f)!lowing  resolutions  were  unani- 
mously .-i.grecd  to: — 
The  most  rev.  Dr.  Kelly,  president. 
Resolved,  Tiuit  it  is  our  decided  and  consclent  iouo 
conviction,  that  any  power  granted  to   tiie  crown  of 
Great  Hritaiii,    of  interferi'ig  directlv  oi-    indirectly 
in  Uie appointment  of  bisli(»])s  for  the  Roman  catho- 
lic chtirch   in   Ireland,  must   essentially  injure,  and 
may  eventually  subvert,  tlie  Roman  catholic  religion 
in  tlds  countrv. 

Resolved, 'Fhat  this  conviction  deeply  and  unalter- 
a'oly  impressed  on  our  minds,  we  should  consider 
ourselves  as  betraying  the  dearest  interests  of  that 
portion  of  the  church,  which  the  Holy  Ghost  has 
confided  to  our  care,  dil  we  not  declare  most  uno- 
quivocally,  that  we,  at  all  times,  and  under  all  cir- 
cuni5tances,.^|.ii  eca  e  and  ojipose,  in  every  c:.noiu- 
cai  and  const'Tuiiiontd  way,  any  such  interrefeiice. 

Resolved,  Tiuit  tliougli  w<?  siiiccrel}-  venerate  the 
supreme  ponUifas  visible  iiead  of  the  chiu-ch,  wedo 
not  conceive,  tiiat.  our  appreliensiou  for  the  safety  of 
tlie  Roman  caiholic  cluirch  in  Ireland,  can  or  ought 
to  be  removed  by  M\y  determination  of  his  h->lines'?, 
adopted,  or  intciulc;!  to  be  r.doptcd,  not  only  with- 
out our  concui-rence,  but  in  di-ect  opjjosition  to  our 
repealed  resoh.rifvns  and  the  very  energetic  memo- 
rial presented  on  our  behaU",  and  so  ably  sujinorted. 
i>y  our  deputy,  tiie  m.jst  rev.  Dr  Murray;  wlio  in 
tiiat  quality,  was  more  conmclent  to  inihrni  ids  holi- 
ness of  'he  real  state  :ind  interests  of  the  il,)in  inca- 
tliolic  church  in  Ireland,  than  any  oilier  with  whoi« 
he  is  said  to  have  ciiusultcd. 

"Resolved,  Tluit  a  declaration  of  these  our  senti- 
ments, respectful,  firm  and  decided,  be  transmitted 
to  the  Doly  sec,  which,  we  trust,  will  engage  his  ho- 
liness to  feci  and  ackuo'.vleJge  the  justness  and  pro- 
priety of  tills  our  determination. 

Resolved,  Tiiat  our  g'rateful  tiianks  are  due,  an'd 
are  here!)}-  g'iven,  to  t::ie  nion  Rof.  Dr.  .Marru;,-,  and 
ihe  right   Rev.  Ur.  Miilner,    our    late    deputies  to 
Rome,  for  tiieir  zealous  and  able  discharge  of  the' 
trust  reposed  in  them. 

OLIA'EIi  KELLY,  President- 
RICMVRDO'REILLY, 
J.   r.  TSlOV, 

THOMAS  !!RAV,  C  i.shcl,  (proxy,) 
V.  EVERARi),  Coid,  Cisliel, 
D.  MrHRAV,  (;o-;d.  Dublin, 
P.\T.  JOS.  PIA'NKETT,  .Meat'.i, 
WM.  COPFlX(iER,  Gloyne, 
CHARLES  SUtiiSilUE,  Kerry, 
JOHN  POWER,  Waterford, 
CHARLES  0T)O\NEL-L,  Deny, 
JOHN  0'FLL\;\,  Achonry, 
PETER  WALDRAN,  Killala, 
JAMES  0'SHAU(;HNESSEY,KiUaloe, 
FARKELL  O'REILLY,  Killmore, 
P.RYAN,  Ferns, 
CHARLES  TUCHY,  Limerick, 
G.  PLUNKETT,  Elphin, 
THOS.  COSTELLO,  Clomfert, 
JOHN  MURPHY,  Cork, 
PAT.  M'MOLLEN,  Down  and  Cormor, 
KYRAN  MARUM,  Ossorv, 
I'ETER  M'LOUGHLIN,  Raphoc, 
JAMES  MURPHY,  Clogher, 
EDMUND  DEHRY,  Dr  more, 
M.  CORCOR  AN,  Elect.  Kiidare  and  Leighlip, 
JAS.  MAGAURAN,  Elect.  Ardagh, 
J£DMOJ\'D  EFKENCH,  Wai-den  oi  Galway. 


SUPFLEMSNT  Ta  xNTLES'  US^rJISTEri— Ari>!y  OF  NAPLES. 


im 


Catliollc  Petition. 

I).il,::n,  June  25,  1S15. 


Tiiat  tli?  lie.irtfvl:  g-rntihicle  of  the  caiholic  beard 
be  prcsened  lo  tiie  plciidi;!  ami  piitiioJc  iiic.ul  of 


■Phefoilo^vinl?isacor;vof■a!)fcwpet;;L^  us^-e.xl   'I'^l^""!.  Ci'^u-lcs  V^.uilm,  E^(i.  banmer  at  lavv,  ior 
bv  Mi-  O'C.)  v_\"'  •  •  "'^  e\c;-uons  by  whicii  l:c  has  served  unA  oniament- 


7'o  the  honorable  the  house  of  comr.mns  in  parliament 
ar.^fmbled. 
We,  the  roiTian  c;itiioLic  iiCfiple  of  I:-elancl  as^-tiii 
s'ppro.'.ch  liie  iei;-islaS.urf;  wiib  ;>  stiilcmorit  of  g'-iev- 
pv.ces  under  which  we  labc;:*,  aneiof  v.iikii  we  most 
re-pcctfuUv,  b-..it,  nt  t!ie  same  tinie,  :p.o:it  fii-mly  sol- 
ici^  tiie  effectual  redress.  C'nr  vn-oiigs  are  so  noto- 
rious, <'.r;d  so  numercis,  tiiat  tlicir  n>in'itP  detail  is 
quite  unncces.surv,  and  would  indeed  be  impossible 
ve;  e  i',  deemed  expedient.  Af^es  orpev.secution  on 
the  one  hand,  :i!i<I  oi'palience  on  the  others  suiiicicnt- 
ly^iitlest  our  suiTcrings  tiinl  oar  su1)missk)n. — Priva- 
tions have  beeu  answei-ed  onh'  by  petition — indig'- 
r.itics   by   remonstrance — injvu-ies    b}'    forgiveness. 


ed  tiie  cause  of  our  coiiiiiion  cjanirs. 
I'liis  vo:e  cf  thanks  w.is  p:ss:ied  with  ucclaraiilioik 

Army  of  Maples. 

]  nOM  A  VU-XXA  PAPET? — 1815. 

Captaii)  count  Thtim,  wh  -.  itrrive-.l  here  last  nisjit 
express  from  the  head  qaariers  of  t  .e  imperii  ..rmv 
of  N.plcs,  which  he  ler,  on  tiie  24di  of  May,  iiaa 
i)roug-iit  tlie  ibilowing'  arcomit  of  the  reraAi-'k.aole: 
events  thai  took  place  sub-equently  lo  ttie  nuiiiaiy 
convention  of  the  2Jih  Ma;,. 

Capua  was  occupied  by  the  iinperl  d  troops  on 
the  21st  at  noon;  tue  enemy's  pf-n-iison  in  the  place 
Ui'.derthe  command  of  g-cneral  I'cppe,  had  disbands 


It  has  been  a  misfortune  to  have  suffered  tor  tlic^ed  itself  of  its  own  accord  before  liie  arrival  oi  our 


s;:lce  of  our  re.ityion,  but  it  has  ai^o  been  a  pride  to 
liavc  bonse  the  bcot  testiniony  to  the  purity  of  our 
doctrine  by  liio  meeknees  of  our  endurance.  I..ike 
the  pfreat  type  of  our  adora'ion,  we  have  not  merely 
been  llie  passive  viol  inrs  of  unjust  infliction,  but  we 
I;a\e  even  endeavored  to  expiaie  tlie  cruelty  oi  our 
opjjre^.^ors.  We  have  sustained  the  power  which 
spurned  us — we  have  nerved  tiie  arm  tliat  smote  us, 
^vith  a  p:ratitude  always  superior  to  our  privilej^es, 
we  liave  lavislied  our  streng'ih.our  talent,  and  our 
treasures,  and  buoyed  upon  the  prodij^al  profusion 
<ifom'y<»ung' blood,  the  triumphant  ark  of  British 
liberty. 

Vv'c  iij^proach,  then,  with  corfidence,  an  eli'^h+en- 
ed  let(i.ilature.  In  tlie  name  of  nature,  v.e  ask  our 
rii^li^s  as  men — in  the  name  of  the  constitution,  we 
ask  our  privileges  as  subjects — in  theniune  of  God, 
V  e  a>k  the  sacred  charter  of  unpersecuted  piety  as 
ciiris'ians. 

Are  scciu'ities  reqtiiredof  us?  We  offer  tliem — 
Ihe  besl  securities  a  titrone  can  have — the  affections 
of  a  penple.  A\'e  offer  f  lith,  that  was  never  violated 
— hearts,  that  were  never  corrupted — valor,  tliat 
Vle^  er  crouched.  Every  Iiourof peril  pi-oved  onr  al- 
I'-i^-iance,  and  every  field  vd" Europe  e^lubits  the  cx- 
;;niplc. 

We  abjure  all  Itmporal  autliority,  except  that  of 
cur  soverei_Lni — we  acknowledii^'e  no  c\\'i\  lie,  save 
that  of  our  constitution — and  foi-  onr  lavish  ai.'d  voi- 
nntary  expenditures,  we  ask  a  reciprocity  of  bene- 
fits. 

Separating',  as  '"'C  do  our  civil  rights  from  our 
spiritual  duties,  we  earnestly  desire  thai  they  ma\' 
not  be  confounded.  AA'c  "render  unto  Cesar  the 
tlungs  tliat  are  Cesar's,"  but  we  must  also  "render 
unto  God  the  tiiing-s  that  are  God's."  Our  churclj 
could  not  dcicend  to  claim  a  state autiio'-iiy,  nor  do 
we  ask  for  it  a  state  .igjo-andi/emcni;  its  hopes,  its 
po'^^ers,  and  its  pretensions,  are  of  another  world; 
and  v.heu  \'.c  raiseour  hands  to  the  state,  our  prater 
is  not  tiiat  the  letters  may  be  transierred  to  those 
hands  which  are  raised  from  us  to  lieavea  We 
■U'duld  not  erect  a  s;i!f  r.did  siirine  even  to  liberty  on 
theruins  of  the  tcmplf. 

In  b--li:ilf  then,  of  five  millions  ofa  br:ive  an,l  an 
insulted  people,  we  call  onil'.e  legislature  to  annihi- 
late tiie  odious  bojiib.ig'e  v.'hii'.!i  bows  down  tlie  men- 
tal, pliysical  and  moral  energies  of  Ireiandr  and,  in 
the  name  of  tlie  gospel,  which  excludes  all  distinc- 
tion, we  ask  freedom  of  conscience  lor  the  vihole 
christian  world. 

!Mr.  Chr.rlcj  PiiiHipslKi\  in.':;been  declared  then u- 
tlior   of  this   composition,  several   me:7ibers    sp-ike 


troops,  conuniitiiig  at  the  same  time  excesses  and 
acts  of  violence  of  every  kind.  The  general  iii 
chiel,  Car;iscos.i  and  the  nKir<|uis  de  Gallo,  who  uu(? 
■.rith  didiculty  escaped  the  fury  of  the  soldiers,  re- 
ceived a^  the  same  time  iievvs  of  au  insurrection 
wiiicii  iiad  broken  out  at  Naples  against  the  late  go- 
vernment. The  city  gu,ird  was  no  longer  able  to 
keep  in  check  ilie  mass  of  tue  populace  and  the  la- 
zaroni,  and  to  prevent  the  most  dreadful  scenes. 

In  consequence  of  this,  the  said  ge.ieral  and  seve- 
ral depii  ations  sent  fioni  Naples  to  the  i;nperial 
liead  quartei-s,  made  the  mjst  urgent  entreaties  to 
hasten  as  mich  as  possible;  the  e.Ui-aiice  of  iii«.im- 
perial  troops  in.o  tiie  city. 

Tield  marshal  lieutenant  count  Xeipperg  accor- 
dingly received  orders  to  proceetl  immediately  to 
Naples  witii  tite  Dicluenstein  hussars  and  the  Tus- 
can dragoons,  to  ciieck  the  disorders  and  to  as- 
s.;me  the  miliary  conunand  of  tlie  place,  fie  arri- 
ved there  on  ihe  22d  at  twelve  in  the  morning,  at 
wiiich  time  the  tumult  had  risen  to  tlte  highejt- 
pi.ch. — The  city  guard,  assisted  by  some  Bridsh 
marines  who  hud  been  landed  by  admiral  lord  F^x- 
moiilh,  defended  the  royal  pal'.ce,  and  t.ie  vahiab.es 
^.vA  the  effects  wiucli  it  co.i  .dn^d,  agiinst  tiiC  i'mi— 
o;is  mob.  B/  t;,e  iiricrveatiunof  tne  imperial  lr(iopr> 
.!:e  pi;i!idering  was.  [.H'evo!ite!l,  and  t!-.c  propei't,-  of 
tae  slate  preserved  rortne  new  govermueiU. 

At  nooii  the  same  da),  Li\e  co;ii:n.mder  in  c'ief». 
field  marshal  lieutenant  baron  UiancUi,  with  his  ro.  -  ' 
al  higlmess  piir.ce  j^eopoli  of  fiicily,  m  ule  liis   so- 
lemn enirai.ce  into  N.ipies  at   tiie   iiead  of  3'J,'Jt>U 
men,  amidst  the  most  lively  exjjressioas  of  e.iluU- 
sLiSm  from    the  people.     T!ie  greatest  part  of  tiife 
people  had  armed  tliemselves  with  the  muskets  the 
troops  had  thrown  away.     All  was  now  renoied  t  > 
order  in  the  capital.    The  vi.gorous  nve.isiue.i  of  dii. 
imperial  comni.Hiuler  i)i  •.  iiici  an  1  of  count  N,-dppeig 
insure  alio  tlie  iaimediate  and  complete  tranq'.iidt.y 
of  t'le  env'irons,  and  of  the  provinces  :o  w.iicii  ihe 
spirit  of  in juirec. ion  might  have  been  comnuinica- 
^ed  by  the  disbaiide  .  and  tli.ipersed  urmy. 

On  the  15t;i  in  tiie  evenu.g,  king  Marat,  ac -om-- 
panied  by  gtneiais  Miilit  and  llocca  11  Jinaui,  br- 
dukes  Pign:ajlli,  CiC;irra  and  .Scid'edi,  and  sevei,il 
odicr  Neapoiitan.s,  embarked  from  N^pleo  tor  I.-.c,iia,,. 
ami  thane e  on  bo.ad  a  small  meixiiiuitiiuin,  eiiher 
for  Fraiiceor,Gac.a.  Tue  qae.e:;,  who  was  oji  boartl 
ot  the  Tremer.dous,,  had,  in  a  prior  convention  v.illi 
conmiodore  Cimpbell,  been  promi.5ed  a  free  passage 
lo  France  widi  her  suite.  Upon  the  declaration  oT 
lord  Exmouih,  tlia  tne  commodore  had  exceeded. 
hl.s  iiisa'UctiOTJS,   fresh  n^gociaUons   wei-e   eniereti 


highly  in  his  praise;  and  "Nft".  O'ConriiV  jnuvcd  tiielihtowidi  heron  the  part  of  Ausiria,  with  the  co-ope- 
ioUev;i.rgreF?l;.-.t.ri;:  ^-_  '  iition  cf  prince  Leopold,  ;.nd  l^ids  EsmouUi  au^ 


iu 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGTSTKH— :LVy.SAl*:Y  r;nVEr.?. 


Biirg'lievsli;  ;n  r.onsoqncncc 


of  MOiic.h,  "ihe,  to^cllif'v 
'"it!)  !ic-i- chiidi-cn,  wlio  arc  at  (Jactn,  throws  herself 
nnder  t'^c  prttection  of  liis  imjierial  mHJL«i1y,  nnd 
^  it'i  general'!  MardnKild  tmd  Li\-;-nii,  ard  also  with 
fhe  miiiisters  Zurlo  and  Moesburar,  crop';  on  bn:ird  an 
^^Ing^iish  s!iip  to  fJaeta,  and  thciici'  '.o  Ti-ieste,  where 
r.Me  is  t  ■  aw;ut  f.om  the  fr.vor  of  Ids  majesty  tlic  dc- 
lermination  of  Iser  future  residenre,  widi  the  pro- 
nii-.e  never  "o  return  to  France  or  Italy  without  Tii-s 
TP  jcsty';  r-necial  permisdon. 

On  the  2ad,  wlioi'  this  convention  was  ronclndcu, 
the  Enqrlisli  and  Sicilian  cxpcdi'ion,  iir.der  £;-^'i^''"'l 
M.  rf;al;inc,  ahout  6,(J00  strong,  appeared  in  the  bay 
of  ''Viiples. 

The  armv  of  ki'ipr  ?iT;irr;t,  which  on  its  marrli 
from  Capna  to  N.iples  consis;ed  of  :d)out  16,000 
rren  of  wliom  3,300  were  c.iv.dry,  and  nhicli  by  tlie 
c  :nven*ion  \\as  'o  (akea  position  at  S:)1crno,  m'ts  all 
(iissi  Ivcd  ill  a  fe\y  da\  s,  so  that  not  a  siiiirlc  division 
beionginfi;  to  it  is  now  to  be  found  compieie 

Thus  ended,  after  a  six  weeks  canipaii^n,  which 
wil  confer  imuiorlal  honor  on  the  imperial  troops 
and  ti'eir  diitinsj-uisiied  commander,  the  perfidious 
at:emp'  to  revolii'innise  r.dv  with  the  flij^ht  of  t- 
:iuO:or,  th,c  ei)1i:e  dissohaion  of  liis  army  andof  iii.-i 
fci'itrdom.  The  revolu  ionarv  measures  recoiled 
tiiion  those  who  luid  employed  them,  and  they  were 
indebted  to  'hefivoi'  o*'  theco^qtierors  alone  for  noc 
fill!  o-  ;i  s  C'-ifice  to  the  1  opiihir  rage  which  tiiC) 
hi.d themselves  excited. 

Tvavharv  Pi  rules. 

KET.torr,  rpofniE    r<T.ci;sfiiTy    and  tut,    niACTiCA- 

BTLITY    r.:     PUTTING    Xy    r.Sll    TO    THE  PIKA- 
CII:S    O'     TIIF.     liitlHAIIY    SI'ATFS. 

■presented  ;iT  vieiinr,  f<>r  djc  consideration  oftht 
ro'U'ne-s,  iii  Aug'us  1814,  b  sir  Sidney  Smih,  pre- 
si.'.e'i    of  lite  cm  ederiiiun  o  kiii-^jiiis. 

[7'riiri>iatertf  am  ihe  Leydcn  Political  Journal,  for 
Ml'  B'.'Stfjn  Daily  Ailvertiser."] 

FinST     I'vnT. 

^V!-.i!e  fi  e  nieans  of  ehV<'iii,i^-  the  r.l)oli(ir)n  of  the 
l.'ido  ill  theneinocs  on  tlic  ■>>.e';tcrri  c^Mst  o;  AiVic. 
..-.  '.iuer  i:  c;'.ssi>>n,  nnd  K'u-ope  is  atemp  ing  to 
z  .-•  d  'lie  bei^efi  s  o,  coinracrce,  and  ofseciiri  y  ol 
..)ii  .iiid  piopcity,  to  the  interior  ot  hat  vast  coii- 
t.-e:"i  ir.liiibi.ed  b\  a  jjcople  inild,  industrious  anfl 
c^puhie  o  e :'jo  i  \^  iu  rue  Iiighest  dcgTee  tlie  ;.d- 
r^-it;iges  of  civilizLi  ion,  it  is  i.stonisninij;'  that  no  at- 
teii  ion  is  g-ive  1  o  i.ie  noiiticrn  liorder  ot  that  same 
eou-.tiry,  inh;;bit:.  ed  b-  pir:-.'.i,-al  T  irks,  who  not  on- 
hoppiessti;en;liveso.  heir  vicini'  ,  butt  ke  them 
by  oic.or  piut:liase.  them  as  slaves,  to  employ 
tliem  in  theii  crid-in!::;-  vessels  to  tear  f.  om  theii- 
Jionies  die  hone-.  Iboiucrs  the  peacetul  inUabitan  a 
of  tie  shore;,  ot  Europe.  This  shameful  pirac>, 
is  noi  o'dy  levol  ing-  to  ly.in;anity,  bu  it  fetterij 
coiniTierce  in  tlie  nios.  i- juiious  manner,  since  no 
iTi.'riner  can  at  the  presen  da>,  navi^rate  die  Medi- 
tP.Tane.n  or  even  tiie  AdaiUic,  wili.inn  fear  o;  be- 
ii./  .^eized  by  tliCbC  pirate  ,  and  carried  into  African 
Sii.  vevi-, 

T  it  g-ovemmem  of  Alg-iers  is  composed  of  the 
officers  at  ni;  nrta  or  re^,-i!t)c;it  o  revolted  Janiss..- 
T\(?s  ciiid  soijie. s,  win  do  not  pretend  even  iu  ap- 
pe.raiice  to  acknowledg'e  tiie  .lutliority  of  the  Oito- 
3ii''nPor,e,  wide  i  ye  toes  not  acknowledge  their 
irdependcnce.  Tii'e  dey  i.-.  ulwavs  that  one  of  tiie 
ortice.s  of  he  orta  who  is  the  moit  disting-uished 
for  his  cruelty.  He  main."  uns  liiin  .elf  at  the  ne.id 
of  thereg'eiicy  ordivin,  by  en.-iching  his  adherents; 
lie,-! 


an   n;i';;!:i.s.   or   those  wiiosc    ininicdiate  vcnt^faiire 
he  does  not  i'c.w. 

Even  tlic  Ottoman  fiag  is  not  sulRcient  to  protect 
her  Grecian  suhiects,  and  to  place  them  in  security 
against  ihe  at!ai  ks  of  tlic  Ali--erine  corrjairs.  Last- 
ly, tlie  Dey,  cither  f-om  a  caprice  of  cruelly,  or 
from  the  barbarous  poliry  of  destroying  the  com- 
merce of  !;is  rivals  of  Tunis  and  Tripoli,  has  cap- 
tured the  c.irgoes  of  some  vessels  of  the  Archipc- 
lairo,  and  of  I'-g\pt,  lo.iued  with  corn,  which  h.uL 
fallf  II  into  his  power 

The  Parlia  of  Egypt  in  his  just  anger,  arrested 
all  the  Algorines  whom  he  .fivmd  in  his  states,  and 
demanded  in  vpin  a  restitution  of  the  cargoes  un- 
justly seized  bv  t!ie  (ley  of  Algiers. 

Tl'.e  Ottomaii  Porte  sav/  vith  indign.ttior!  pn'd  .tr- 
g'er,  th;d  a  revoked  vassal  d;ired  to  permit  acts  Ihe 
mos'  outrageous,  the  most  atrocious  against  his 
oeaccfid  suhjcc  s,  which  impeded  a  commerce 
which  he  more  than  ever  needed,  to  pay  the  troops 
""f  th'e  Pjchas  emploved  on  tlie  eastern  frontiers  of 
'lie  Ottoman  empire,  to  resist  the  W.ichabites  and 
otiier  n;.merous  Arabian  tribes,  who  are  constanijy 
by  their  inroads  threatenirtg  the  existence  of  that 
to '  teri '.vs,  govcrnm out . 

On  the  o'.lier  hand  Europe  is  inlerested  to  sup- 
port the  Oiioman  government,  as  a  recognilzed  so- 
verejgntv,  and  as  a  power  which  can  res. rain  the 
Pach.iS  atid  rc-volted  ilcys,  and  prevent  them  froin 
committing  piracies  like  Algiers.  Tliis  interest  of 
V'.urope  is  inc:-eased  by  the  necessity  in  whicii  she 
is  often  uiiind  of  irnporting  the  curn  of  the  Hlaclc 
sea  or  of  the  Nile,  in  one  of  wlilch  countries  there 
is  always  an  abundance,  since  the  imfavorable  sea- 
sons in"  the  north  of  the  Oituman  territory  arc  al- 
ways coimterhalanced  by  a  good  season  the  same 
rear  in  the  !;outh;  and  vice  versa. 

But  if  a  T5arhaii.in,  calling  himself  .an  indepcn- 
dent  prince,  but  not  recognized  as  such  by  the  Or.;o- 
man  .sultan,  his  legitimate  sovereign,  can  at  will, 
threa  en,  alariu,  ai'id  capture  the  Greeks,  and  the 
mariners  of  the  small  Em opean  states  wiio  alone 
ca.rrv  oil  a  con:i'n-'c-^"  hirh  tlie  vessels  of  t''e  great 
l»o"  CIS  do  :to-  find  .stitticien'^Vy  profitable  to  be  pur- 
sued, boc.iuse  t;.c\  caisnov  navigate  their  vessels  at 
.so  small  an  expense— if  this  audacious  chief  can, 
when  he  thinks  fit,  intercept  the  cargoes  of  corn 
destined  to  Eu.()pe,tlie  civilized  na.ions  .ire  bv  .ni.s 
f.ict  dependent  on  a  chiei  of  robbers,  who  to  insult 
them  can  augment  tiieir  distress,  and  even  in  a  time 
of  scarcity  subject  them  to  famine. 

Tims  the  barbarian  has  a  formidable  means  of  ex- 
tor  ing  money  from  the  ciiristiun  princes;  he  threat- 
ens ihem,  as  he  has  done  Sicily,  with  pu  ting  to 
death  those  of  their  subjects  wiio  have  fallen  into 
heir  pov.-c';  his  known" cruelty  rendering  his  me- 
naces verv  formid  ble,  becomes  a  means  of  raising 
one}-  from  one  christian  jirince,  to  support  a  war 
\<-hic!i  he  has  dechired  against  another;  he  may  thus 
put  all  Europe  uader  contribution,  and  compel  all 
nations  in  tlteirturu  o  pay  a  tribute  to  his  ferocity, 
bv  purchasing  of  him  peace,  and  the  lives  of  his  uu- 
b'l  unite  slaves. 

T   is  useless  to  demonstr.ate  that  such  a  state   of 

hings  is  not  only  monstrous,  but  absurd;  and  is  not 

less  an  outrage"  on  re' ii^-ion,  than  it   is  on    humanity 

and  honour.     I'iie  progress  of  light  and  civilization 

must  necessarily  ^lo  it  away. 

SliCd"'?!)    PATIT. 

It  is  evident  that  the  military  means  employed  to 
this  day  by  the  christian  princes  to  hold  in  check 
tiiese  barbarian  states  have  been  not  ©nlv  insufficient 


t'..i.t.is  by   pe.T'iit  i.i  '  all  kinds  oi  vioience  in  A  ri-  but  hrtve  generally  had  the    effect    of  consolida  iiipr 
ca,  and  piracies  by  sea  against  the  wcikcr  Europe- 1  more  the  d;tageroiis  power  of  tliese  bwbarians,— ^ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NTLES'  REGISTER—TS'APOLEON  BONAPARTE.       i%$^ 


r.nrope  has  .-ipii'r.ved  for  a  long'  time  to  repose |  The  O  tomnn  porte  miglit  be  engfaped  to  offer 
upon  tlicefTbrts  of  tliek'iit;-ivs  ot  Si.  John  of  .leni-i  promotion  and  reward  lo  those  of  tlie  Janissarie-, 
der.i,  !ind  have  not  been  sufficienily  aw;ire  tliat  this    c-aptains   of  frj_s^ates    and  otlier    Alprerine  mariite-, 

who  shall  obey  the  orders  of  the  stiltan,  and  by  this 
means  the  dev  will  soon  find  himself  abandoned,  and 


'  iiivalroiis  e.rder  has  had,  in    latier  times,   neither 
r.!ou!S-h  jiriwer,  nor  perhaps  eiiougii  energ-y,  to  coun- 
terbalance and  repel  tiie  a;;-gTessi  ais  always  aris;nij-|  left  in  a  defenceless  state. 
ii-nm  r'imcrou.';  piraies.     JJojides,  bv  iis  very  insti- 


i'lic  same  i  ifliicnce  mig-lit  be  cmplovel  so  much 
t'.ition  the  order  oi'  Malta,  oblig'ed  to  enter  into  no  j  the  more  efficaciously  wi  li.  Tunis,  as  t'lis  country  is 
ono-agement  with  infidels  cannot  avail  iiself  of  all  at_war  witii  Al.^iers,  from  which  slie  has  every 
tliese  sources  of  ]5ollcv  in  making  treaties  of  all^- 1  tltirij^  to  apprehend.  Rcsi<les.  the  head  of  the  Tu- 
ar.ce  v.i  h  "liose  rmong- them  who  are  rather  iliem-l  nisian  governmeni,  is  of  a  char,.cier  totally  difTer- 
selves  the  vie  inis  of  tiie  pir.;tical  system,  than  ac-  entfrom  iiiit  of  t!ie  deyof  Alg-iers.  lie  will  re  idi' 
live  co-operators;  as  for  ex.iir.ple  Tuni's  and  Moroc-  ly  contribute  to  every  thin};  that  can  civilize  us 
ro,  p-overned  both  bv  princes    born   in    those  stales,   state,  and  g-ive  prosperity  to 'lis  empire.     Peace  be^ 


who  have  for  a  long  time  .sliown  themselves  well 
'ii  posed,  ar.d  are  capable  of  maint:dnin!j;'  with  die 
European  j.iowers,  the  relations  of  commerce  and 
rrood  neig-Jibourliood.  Thus  llieresurreciion  of  this 
o!'der,  af'.er  the  poll  ical  suicide  that  it  c  immitted 
mn  itself,  cannot  he  alone  sufficient  for  the  object 
Avliieh  was  proposed  by  it.  Tiiis  l)onorable  object 
is,  to  i)!it  Europe  forever  in  r.ecurit\-  against  the  at- 
t.icks  of  tlie  African  corsairs,  and  to  cause  to  suc- 
ceed the  piratical  states  of  Harbary,  j-overnments 
v.liich  shall  promote  conunerce,  and  be  in  Itarmony 
vith  all  civilized  na.ions. 

Now  what  are  tlie  means  to  be  employed?  the 
iuidei-s)f^ned  wishes  it  was  in  Ids  jjower  to  impart  to 
:ill  E\n-opehis  conviction,  the  result  of  thirty  years 
]>rotoup.d  Ftudy  and  investigation.  He  lias  never 
ceased,  during  iiis  embassay  ai.  tiie  Otioman  covirt, 
to  devote  himself  to  the  subjeci.  whicu  he  is  now 
discussing.  I'e  lias  de\oted  iiimseli  to  it  in  camps, 
oii  board  the  f-leets  of  th)<  same  power,  and  during 
the  wliole  course  o-  his  well  known  relations  witli 
the  nations  rmd  tribes  of  Africa  and  Asia. 


tween  Tunis  and  Sardi  ua,  which  country  hassufTe.cd. 
so  mtich  from  t!ie  seizure  of  its  subjects,  ougiit  ro 
be  the  first  link  iu  the  cli.iin,indmtliiigo,iglit  fiom 
ibis  momen.  to  beneglected  in  order  to  obtain  i. 

Tneo.her  details  will  be  easily  pointed  our,  whea 
the  sovereigns  shall  iiaveadop:ed  the  principle,,  and 
wlien  hey  shall  have  deigned  to  give  theundersi  ••■x- 
ed  the  confidence  and  authority  necessary  for  tiie 
success  of  the  enterprise. 

(Signed)  W.  SIDNEY  SMTT:I. 

Received,  considered  and  adopted  at  Parii  in  Sep- 
tember 1814. 
At  Tunis  October  14,  1314. 
At  Vienna  during  toe  congress. 

—  — ^- 


KJipoieon  Bonaparte. 

nlSTOKtCAI,  SU.XMAItY,  OF  ALL  TSAT  fiSSKO  vnOtl  AFRII. 

Isr,  iyi4.  To  tukSJth  of  marci,  1815,  uK;.xTiv'i: 

TO  JfAP0LE0\   AND  TUE    11  HAVE     >!K\    WilO     ACCOMPA- 
NIED HI.'^I  TO  i;..llA. 

-   The  days  of  ihe  emperor  flowed  Li  the  sweetest 

,,.      ,  ,  .     .         ...  .,.,.,       ~  I  occupation;  all  his  hours  were  filled.     This  unalier- 

_  Ills  thorough  conviction  of  the  poss.bdity  ofptit-  .^1,^^^^^.^^^.^,^,^  ^^.j,^^;^  j^  ^^^,,^^.  ^^^^^^  ^^^         ,.^^^  ^^  ^,,^ 

1  ing  a  speedy  termination  to  the  piracies  o  the  J{ar-:^.^^^^Q,,^.^p^i,,,,^  of  genius,  he  then  emploved  in 
bary  states  cannot  be  better  proved  tn.n  by  theot-  ^  „^^,^  j,^  ^„^  embelii-^.mient  of  the  above  whicli  iie 
fer   he  makes  of  undertaking  die  direction    ot  the  ^^.^^-^^  f^,.  ^^-^^^^^     ^.^^  ^^.^j^,^  ^^.  ,_.^  ^^^^  ^^..^ 

enterprise,  provided  the  nece.sao  means  be  put  at  ^^i,,.^^^^  p,^..-^^^  ^.^  ^,,p  ,^^^,^j,^^  ^^^  ^,^,^^  ^^^^^^  .,^ 
his  disposal  :  his  library;    even,  sometimes,    lie   rose  berore  d  iV- 

Anirna'ed  bv  tjic  reir.crnhranrc  of  I;is  oa'h  as  a  light,  labored  from  three  o'clock  in  ti^.e  m'v-ning  ii! 
bnight  and  desirous  of  enkinfiling  the  same  ardor  in  seven  or  eight,  aval  then  went  to  bed  agai;,;  in  the 
otiier  chris  i-in  kmghts,  hi:  proposes  to  tlie  nmions  forenoon  he  went  out  and  visiicd  all  the  ,>r)ik .;  Uc 
most  interested  in  tiie  success  of  this  nolile  enter- '  was  almost  alwa\s  in  the  midst  ol  his  v\  oi  k^iH-n, 
prise,  to  rngnge  by  a  treaty  to  furni  ;h  theii-  contin-  v.iio,  as  has  been  seen,  rcckoncfl  among  i!ie:n  av.'.'.\y 
gent  of  a  inaratinie,  and  if  I  may  so  call  it,  aniplii-  soldiers  of  the  guai-d.  Two  Italian  architects,  one 
bious  force,  wliicb,  without  compromiiting  any  old  and  the  other  voung,  Af.  I^argili,  a  Roman,  .Nf. 
flig,  and  wiiliotit  being  influenced  by  the  wars'or  '  Helariiu,  a  Tuscan,  <lrew,  by  Uis  orders,  the  plans  of 
j>oli  ical  crisis  of  nations,  sftali  constauTly  have  tiie  constructions  resolved  upon; — but  he  made  tliem 
diarge  ofguarding  the  coasls  ofthe  Alediierranean,  change  their  di-^positions  in  such  a  manner,  from 
and  the  important  duty  of  watching,  csptiu-ing  and   his  ideas,  that  he  became  as  it  weve,  the  creitorof 


ptirstung  all  the  pirates  by     ea  ami  land. This 

power,  acknowledged  and  protected  b\  all  Europe, 
will  not  only  afford  to  commerce  perfer.t  securii\-, 
but  will  finallv  civilize  the  coasts  of   Africa,  will 


their  conceptions,  and  tlie  sole  and  single  arc'dtecr. 
Almost  e^■el•y  day,  h  iwever,  the  weather  pe-mi- 

ting,    his  majesty  rode   to  his    country  seat  of  St. 

Moi'tin,  in  the  environs  of  Porto  Fcrrajo  Tiiere,  as 
prevent  its  iniiabitants  from  continuing  their  pira- '  in  the  city,  the  emperor  did  not  distain  to  occupy 
ries,  to   the  prejudice  of  their  industry   and  tlieir   himselt  in  the  interior    administration  of  his  house. 


lawfid  commerce. 

This  imposing  and  protecting  force  will  com- 
mence by  a  rigorous  blockade  of  the  nii'.al  forces  of 
tlie  barbarians  wherever  tlicy  may  be  ibtind.  At  the 
*iame  time  the  ambr.ssadors  of  all  the  christian  so- 
veieigtis  and  slates,  ouglit  to  tmite  in  representing'  in'  I 
to  the  Ottoman  porte,  tuat  it  must  itself  be  respon- 
sible for  tiie  l.oscile  acis  o  its  subje.cts,  if  it  con- 
tinues to  pe:  mi  tne  recruiting  in  its  states  of  the 
garrison  in  Africa,  which  are  of  no  titiliiy  to  it, 
while  these  forces  niigiit  be  better  emplojcd  againsi 

its  enemies  than  ag.dnst  friendl\  European  powers;  jguisl.ed  marshai  liciiraiid  and  general  Drouet,  who 
ftnd  ought  to  demand  ol  it  ;i  fonnal  disavowal  and  iiiardi^  ever  quilted  hiui.  On  the  road  his  m'jcstv 
un  express  interdiction  of  the  wars  v  Uich  tnose  re-  gave  .  udience  to  all  those  whom  lie  met.  il'e  lis- 
M  chiets  dfcUrc  against  Europe  ♦fen^'U  t©  ;U1  the  cUi?»is,   »f  wka\fry;r  .'wUiw  they 

I 


Caused  an  exact  account  of  ever\  thing  to  be  re'i- 
dered  to  him,  nd  entered  even  into  tlie  smallest 
details  of  domestic  or  rural  econ  imv. 

Ofien,  af.er  Iiis  breakfast,  he  passed  his  Tutle  ar- 
my ill  review.  He  required  the  greatest  regiil  u'iv. 
in  be  exercises  raid  nianrcuvrcs;  he  especidlv  en- 
forced, that  no  one  slumild  fail  in  the  d'aties  of  the 
most  severe  d  scipline. 

It  was  afier  .his  review  that  he  mounted  his  horse- 
for  Ins  morning  proe.ienades.  In  his  escort  small  in 
numbers,  among  Iiis  jirincipal   oflicers   were  distin- 


ISO      SUPPLEMENT  TO  N!LES'  UllGISTER— NAPOLEON  SONAPAIITE. 


might  be,   and  never  left  any  one  witliout  hr>vi;i,s,-|  one  day  that  the  emperor  was  in  t!ic  pcirt;  !ie  ■.■.■,\c}i 

satisfied  his  demand.     lie  afterwards   went    to  din-  I  them  what  tliey  -cmio  to  do,  to  vi.,it  llje  c  .Uiiii'. ,  Uv 

>ier.     All  those  that  were  admitted  at  Ids  lab:e  were   see -he  mines.'   ^^'!ly,  said  lie   to  chcin  sir.iiiii;;,   do 

received  with  a  perfect  air  of  frankness,  cordiality ' 

and  ease.     The  emperor  seemed  to  liave  di-cf>verc*li 

the  secret,  without  losing  of  his  dis^iuty;  to  hcconir 

a  simple  private  man  in  the  niid.it  of  private  snen. 

and  around  him  the  conversation  had  all  the  liberty 

.and  all  the  openn-essthat  one  mig-ht  have  enjoyed  lU 

a  table  d'liote. 

When  the  emperor  received  the  visit  of  sinne  di^: 
finguished  stranger,  wliich  often  happened,  he  wel- 
comed him  with  the  same  familiarity  and  the  same 
grace.  His  majesty  seemed  ].•  incijially  to  he  desi- 
rous to  prove  that  the  strokes  of  adversity  liad  not 
changed  him. 

He  spoke  to  the  philosophers  and  learned  of  the 
ins'iitiite,  of  the  royal  society  of  London,  U])Oii  ttie 
discoveries  made  in  our  days  in  tlte  high  sciences, 
chymistry,  galvanism  and  electricity.  He  congra- 
tulated the  rich  English  land  owners  upon  the  ex- 
cellency of  their  country,  in  sliort  he  coin  ersed 
withtiiemditary  on  the  iiistorical  memoirs  that  he 
was  writing  upon  his  campaigns. 

The  evenings  were  passed  in  a  familv  wav.     A- 


you  not  own  at  oncj  ii\.it  it  is  I  whom  you  co.ne  lo 
see.?  Well,  liere  I  i-.m. 

Of  tliediffereiV.  luitions  th:it  repaired  to  l!ie  i.sl.md 
of  Elba,  the  Eiiglish  esjiecialiy  seon.ed  to  at  ;.c.,  t.e 
greatest  price  tu  coiiTemplciie  him  and  iic.a*  lum. 
They  have  often  been  seen  to  rcp.dr  on  ihe  road 
from  Fci-  o  Ferrajo  to  St.  Mar  i:;,  wait  t!;ere  tiia 
m:  je.jiy  five  raid  six  hmn-s,  and  aucr  having  BCcii 
him,  g(j  immedi.ilely  on  board. 

Otiiers  stopped  at  tirst  at  Ajaccio,  visiiedtlie 
iiouse  where  his  majesty  was  burn,  uncovered  thein- 
sehes  with  a  sense  ot  res|)ect  boibre  liie  portrai.  of 
him  wliom  tiiC}-  considered  as  a  great  ni.'.n,  aiid  in 
going  a\v;!_y  pvu  in  tuci.-  iciclcets  a  I'.aginen.  of  s  one 
or  biicic  t:;ken  from  thai  iion^ewucii  remiiuli:  i  tacm 
of  all  that  wt.ich  the  history  of  tiiis  age  shall  oifci' 
most  remarkable  lo  posiori  y 

Lord  !$entinck,  L:)rtl  D  lagha.^,  an  nnlilite  numbed 
of  other  lords  v\eie  rccci/ed,  c:.res'-ed  and.  en;er. 
taincd,  th.us  to  say,  by  his  nidjest}-;  all  cai-iicvl  i).,rk 
iiiio  tiieir  cuimlry  the  most  n>ovi'i!';  I'tcoilccaons  ut 
the  reception  thev  had  ex  .erienced. 


TOong  the  persons  of  the  city  that  were  most  hahitu-  One  of  them  accomp.uiicd  onemorniiig  Iris  m.-.jcsty» 
ally  received,  were  the  mayor,  the  intendant  of  die]  who  after  breakfast,  visited  on  foot  -he  wuiksof 
island,  the  chamberlain  Yantini.  |  Torto  Ferraio.  The  emperor  niot  tlic  gra;id  nnu-snal^ 

'I'he  counts  Bertrand,  Drouet  and  the  other  prin-  wjio  w;is  conangfrom  the  nori,  and  walked  tow  .ids 
cipal  officers  of  the  guard  or  the  liouse  of  his  majes-  the  palace,  with  papers  under  id ■:  arm  Are  these 
*y  shared,  under  his  orders,  the  various  functions  Fi-ep.ch  newspapers.'  Yes,  sire.  A:n  I  well  revi'eil.' 
that  he  had  distributed  to  tlieni;  and,  full  of  grati-  ^  Kq^  sire,  there  is  not  a  word  about  your  m  jcsty  to- 
lude  or  admiration  for  every  thing  that  thev  saw  him  |  dav.     Well,  then,  it   will  l)e  to-n;oiro\v;  it  is  an  ih- 


undertake  of  good  and  useful,  were  eager  to  second 
him  with  all  their  powers, 


terniitthig  fever,  but  t!iefi  s  will  pass  away. 
The  emperor  to<»k  pleasure  to  taik  with  his  !.;,ri 


Such  was  themodeof  living  of  the  emperor,  and,  adiers  whose  hears  he  had  so  welijudgecl.— Jdke  all 
this  was  known  by  the  humblest  inhabitants  of  the  the  old  miliiarv,  thev  never  seem  qui.e  contoitcdi 
island;  it  was  the  topic  of  all  llie  conversations —  and  by  one  of  those  expressions  I ha^  deno  e  to  the 
The  recitals  that  the  most  illustrious  travellers' soldier  the  affection  tliat  is  borne  fo!"  liiem,  mmii 
;nade  of  it  in  their  courts,  what  foreign  prints  pub-' better  tlian  the  linest  phrases,  lie  called  thciii  hi3 
lished  of  it,  had  contributed,  in  forcing  to  admire  |  p-n/mblcm. 
the  noble  simplicity  of  the  sovc;-cign  o.'"  the  isl  m;l:       0;;e  day  towards  t'lel 


'U 


,'na. 


all  well! 


of  Elba,  to  inspire   in  its  gu.avlians  the  mosL  at)  o- 
Itite  security. 

Dioclesiv.n,  in  his  g-arden  of  S';ilotTi,  C^l,'.rlc';  tlie 
Fifth,  in  the  monastery  of  Saint  Just,  did  they  oiiL-r 
a  greater  example  for  the  meditations  of  pubii.-ists;  ev  in  his  fob,  where  hcliarl  his  \rv.:  i,  and  luunmi 


•umbler 
ya^tfVoldnl'^     No,  sire, 
! lo^vcrer.     Yoii  are  v/i  on,j 
come  :  and  tiie  sol.lii 


icy  part  oriu.T  reiidenrc  at 
sai  1  ae  lO  one  of  tfi'-'r:. 
)■!',  1  -i.n  no''  iv.'.icli  iiMV.ViC.:, 
.  \ou  in'!.--,  lake  time  ;:s  it 
;t  awj . ,  i'iir'ii  ig  his  moii- 


and  philosophers.'' 

"Wiiatwas  undertaken  and  completed  of  works  in 
fen  months  is  inconceivable;  imagiiiati.)n  can  vrith 
difficulty  remember  them  all;  yet,  how  CaU  one  dc:v/ 
wneself  the  desire  to  describe'at  least  tlie  most  stri- 
king parts  of  them,  however  little  order  it  maybe 
possible  to  bring  at  this  moment  in  the  classification 
of  so  many  objects? 

[Here  follows  particulars  of  t!ie  works,  Sec.  atid 
*his  interesting  description  ends  in  this  maimer:] 

Little  satisfied,  in  fine,  if  he  should  have  accom- 
plislied  Upon  its  sterile  rock  but  the  lialf  of  tlic 
precept  of  Zoroaster,  who  ordains  to  plant  a  palm- 
tree,  and  to  conduct  a  spring  of  ni.iing  v.-ater  in  the 
't'Urning  desert,  the  emperor  went  himself  in  searcii 
of  a  source  in  the  environs  of  Forto  Ferrajo  to  di- 
rect its  waters  into  tiie  city  that  was  i.i  war.t'of  them 
Tiiese  works  were  very  mucii  advanced  when  liis 
majesty  left  the  island. 


a 


tlirough  his  teeth,  ^A/v  w/i!  ii'j:  cri'iuim:  a/ivais. 

Another  time  he  approacneft  asude:':  H  iw  much 
do  vou  sell  yoar  wine,  my  dear.''  i-'ive  krcdiz^-rs 
sire.— That  is  too  dear,  you  should  o;ily  sell  it  at 
four,  and  put  in  a  little  water.  ISut  how  simple  I 
am!  you  know  )our  business  better  than  I  do. 

Tlie  soldiers'of  tlic  guai-d  liked  to  walk  towards 
the  country  seat  of  H.  M.  Inviniage  time  tliey 
ranged  tlie  liiils,  and  enq'dred  of  ihe  roun'ry  people 
wlio  were  the  owners  of  tlie  vineyards — they  beloig 
to  tlie  emperor. — To  the  emperor!  ah  well!  they  are 
ours;  and  they  merrily  gathered  the  grapes  in  his 
stead. 

n.  M.  whom  count  Rertrand  informed  of  everj' 
thing  that  passed  was  muc!i  diverte.d  with  all  tliess 
comical  pretensions,  and  used  to  say  smiling  that 
they  were  right. 

But  of  all  the  visits  that  H.  >L  received,  tliose 
that  most  flattered  his  heart,  those    that  were  soon 


Alas,  what  vows!  what  moving  regrets  accompa-  jto  arouse  in  his  breast  the  gre.it  thoughts  to  wliicli 


nied  his  vessel  at  his  departure!  and  what  anecdotes 
might  be  cited,  to  prove  how  much  he  was  interested 
in  that  good  people  v/liom  lie  had  momeniarilv 
rdopted,  and  v.liose  gratitude  paid  him  so  frankly 
J.OP  all  his  cares! 

He  was  not  less  the  admiration  of  foreigners: — 
■Some  merebants  from  diir«-^t  co!iii!;L'hs  d;b.'u-h;d 


we  shall  owe  the  best  half  of  his  history,  were  the 
visits  or  rather  the  fre(juent  arrivals  of  a  consi<lera- 
ble  number  of  Italiim,  l-'rencli  and  Polish  officers^ 
who  come  to  offer  him  their  services.  I  have,  he 
said  to  them,  neither  places  nor  gr;ides  to  ofier  }ou. 
We  will  serve  as  soldiers. — I  no  longer  possess  the 
ric;;ns  to  pay  yotj— W9  «liuB  live  '^^  ouv  own  ex- 


S-UPPLSMEXT  TO  NILES-  REGISTER— NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE.        Igy 


^'•rs.c  r.nd  tlicv  remiiined,  scrying  as  g-rcnadiers  in!  on  tlie  20Ui,  eavly  in  the  morning-,  and  his  first  step 
the  f)i;l  ?!•»'•'!''';  :i"'^  now  tisey  ;a-e  in  Paris,  in  the' v/as  to  g-o,  covered  with  the  dust  of  thedayof  battle, 
r.iiiUi  oF  ii«.  I  slio'ihl  wiJi  to  name  tiiem  all:  I  to  prescrit  himself  lo  the  national  deputation,  to  ex- 
ir.'i-it  hr-~  le;.ve  a!  Ic-;isi  to  n.inio  the  captain  of  c.iv-  pose  to  it  frankly  the  dangers  of  the  country,  to  point 
r1;-v  ib/j.v?.-?,  iorniorly  aid-de-cainp  o  pfeiieral  OctHre,  out  the  meaiis  of  its  salvation,  to  assure  it  that  hi'? 
ill 'Nr^])!e^,  .-.I'd  wiio  iKis  entered  Paris  in  the  raukfi,  person  should  never  be  an  obstacle  to  neg-ociation 
Chrr\  in^i'-  hio  kiiupsacl:  like  a  :;iniple  soldier,  v.-ith  tl;c  cneiTiy,  and  to  return  instantly  at  the  head 


r,  ^VAPAnm  AT  THi;  f?ATi;s  o?  r^exobi.t;. 

Nip,h,i  came  on;  and  it  appeared  likely  that  the 
re-.uil  of  tiicse  eve'Us  would  not  be  kno^vn  till  thf 
next  day.  Tiie  troops  had  been  marciied  back  in  o 
tlie  cit-yj  and  he  g-ii'es  of  the  city  were  closed.  Tlie 
r.unparts  were  occupied  by  the  tiiird  rei-'iment  ot 
erjrineers,  co-isi.sti;  g  of  aboui  two  thousand  old  sol- 
d'eis  covc!-rd  with  honorable  wound':;  by  tlie 
e'c-venth  oftlieline:  the  t\voGt.';cr  b.ittalions  of  the 
.'■>  i-i.  and  by  the  ioiu'lh  rei^iment  of  artillery  of  tlic 
liie;  t  lie  same  reginieiit  wherein,  tweny  years  be- 
fore, the  emperor  had  been  made  a  captain.  Tiie 
n.^tionil  s'uard  and  the  whole  of  tiie  populace  o!' 
(irenoble  were  placed  behind  the  g-iurison. 

At  half  past  S,  an  advanced  guard  of  polish  lan- 
cers presented  tiiemselves  at  the  g-ate  of  lionne;  and 
about  t!te  same  time,  his  m.ijcsty  entered  the  sub- 
U'  bs.  The g-a+e ol  Uonne  was  closed;  g-eneral  .Mercii- 
and  had  carried  ofl"the  keys  of  it,  as  they  said.  Tiie 
hussars,  however,  and  the  people  of  the  suburbs  in- 
sisted t!;at  it  should  be  opened.  They  were  only 
answered  by  cries  of  vive  I'cnipcrenr/  Tiie  troops, 
the  iiiiiabilynts,  and  the  g-unners  on  the  ramparts,  to 
whom  orders  JK'.d  been  g'iveii  to  fire,  all  u'tered  "lie 
srame  accents.  AVithout,  as  well  as  within,  nothing- 
was  lieai-d  but  vive  rempereur!  It  seemed  to  be  the 
f'!i'ivaJ  cfpahna. 

'I'he  sapjjers  and  soldiers  now  attempted  to  bat 
ter  do\A''n  the  g-ates;  and  tiie  cartYvrights  of  tlie   sub- 
i;rbs  lent   them    a  hand  with   tiieir   axes.     Already 
many  of  tiic  panneis  iiad  g-iven   away,  and  the   gate 
was  hali  destroyed  wiicn  the  keys  anVived. 

Tiie  advanced  guard  entered;  tlie  citizens  asscm- 
b'cd  witli  lighted  to  clies,  and  the  emperor  appear- 
ed at  tlie  lieadof  ids  army,  and  cotisiderabiy  in  ad- 
vance. An  immen.se  crowd  obstrucLed  his  passage, 
atid  the  cries  of  tiie  soldiers  and  citizens  were  con- 
foimdedin  the  enthusiasm  inspired  by  the  presence 
oiMlieir  sovereign.  Tlie  mayor  and  several  other 
pi:blic  officers  paid  their  respects  to  his  majesty, 
and  uisiied  to  conduct  idm  to  the  house  of  the  pre- 
fect, or  town  iiouse;  but  H.  M.  tiianked  tliem,  and 
said  that  one  of  liis  ancient  guides,  of  the  name  of 
Labarre,  kept  tlie  Imtel  of  tlie  tliree  dolpliins,  and  i; 
was  his  desire  to  lodge  at  the  house  of  that  brave 
fellow,  whom  he  tiad  not  seen  for  m^my  years.  His 
onajest)  iiad  taken  possession  of  his  new  quarters, 
when  tlie  inhabitants,  preceded  i)v  trumpets,  brouglit 
tlie  gale  of  Bonne  on  tlieir  slioiUdcrs,  and  dc])osi  ed 
it  under  the  balcony  of  the  three  dolphins,  cr_N  ing, 
"Xapol  on,  we  have  not  been  able  to  present  you 
wi'htlie  keys  of  the  good  city  of  Grenoble;  but  to 
Tiiuke  amends  for  it,  here  are  the  gales" — Page  84, 
of  "a  year  oi  the  life  ol'tlie  emperor  jV;ipoleun." 

[From  the  London  Statesman.] 

CONDUCT  OF  BONAPAUTE,  AFTER  TU;;  BATTLE  OF  WAT- 
EKLOO. 

After  the  fitalduy  ot  Mount  St.  Jean  (or  Water- 
loo,  as  we  call  it,^i  wiiich  migiil  fairly  be  calltd  a 
'second  day  of  spurs  {irnr  necondc  Journcc  dcespcroi's,) 
the  emperor  feeling  s.^nsibly  tluit  henccibruard  tlic 
Salva  ion  of  France  rested  witli  tiie  ciianiber  of  reji- 
I'csc.tatives,  in  the  e^mfidence  reposed  in  iiim,  and 
the  resources  whieli  it  should  place  in  his  liands, 
IXi'jJtcaed  itrvTHedi  *tcly  to  Paris.    He  M-j-ired  ^lere 


oFliis  broken  army.  In  this  courageous  resolution  he 

was  arrested,  TJod  knows  with  what  intention. He 

was  tohl  that  arising  ferment  amongst  the  deputies- 
would  iiifallibly  comprommit  his  dignity:  and  indeed 
from  tl, is  moment  the  national  repres'entation,  its 
most  inflexiide  and  best  minded  members,  were  s* 
worked  upon  the  remainder  the  day  and  all  the 
niglit,  t'latin  the  morning  the  president  .and  the  em- 
jieror's  best  friends  came  and  besought  him  to  al). 
dic:tte,  as  the  only  means  left  of  saving  France.- 
Tjicy  supported  their  entreaties  by  authentic  docu-- 
nienls,  which  had  just  been  sent  them,  .and  by  wri- 
tings considered  a.s  nearly  ofiicial,*  which  would  en- 
sure lo  them.,  they  said,  the  most  happy  results-- 
The  emperor,  tiiough  far  from  being  convinced, 
came  to  a  ppeedy  decision:  "T/iC  honor  and  glor/ 
of  France  have  been  the  objects  ofmy  life,  (said  he;) 
you  know  it;  it  siiall  not  be  said  tliat  my  personal  ii- 
terests  sh:dl  ever  stand  in  the  way  of  their  accom- 
plishment; rnayyou  succeed  without  ^ne;  I  abdicate; 
may  the  allies  have  been  really  sincere  in  their  com'- 
municatior.s."  Tlie  emperor  was  then  at  ilie  Elysce, 
Toe  acclamations  of  tlie  public  were  heard rotmd  the 
p;dace;  as  a  simple  citizen,  he  wished  to  avoid  them, 
and  departed  \\>v  .Malmaison.  Still  they  followed 
iiim.  On  the  morning  even  of  the  same  day  on 
which  he  set  out,  troops,  which  were  marching  upon 
the  high  road,  made  the  air  resound  with  tlieir  fa- 
vorite  cries,  and  accompanied  him  to  his  retreat, 
at  whici)  he  was  mucli  affected. 

A  fesv  days  were  devoted  to  flimilr  arrangements 
and  preparatiuns  for  the  frigates,  which  were  appro- 
ipriated  to  his  service. 

In  tlie  meantime  the  enemy  approached  rapidly 
and  ai-rived  at  the  gates  of  tlie  city;  the  cannon  were 
lieard.  On  the  2ytii,  at  the  moment  of  asccndin't 
Ills  carriage,  Nopoleon  sent  a  confidential  person  (■•> 
tlie  provisional  government  with  this  message,  "I 
know  tiie  position  of  the  enemy,  their  advance  1 
corps  is  not  numerous.  Tiiere  is  only  occ.ision  t.> 
sliow  the  moral  force  of  our  army,  the  hoj^e  of  th'^ 
soldiers  would  revive  on  seeing  tlieir  old  general. — 
In  abdicating  the  power  I  have  not  renounced  \h<\ 
glorious  li  le  of  every  citizen— that  of  defending 
hiscovnttry.  If  it  is  required,  I  answer  for  beatinj; 
the  enemy  and  inspiring  tlie  army  with  disposiLion:^', 
which  shall  prociu'e  j'ou  more  favorable  negociation; . 
This  object  gained,  I  engage  on  my  word  to  re-as- 
cend my  carriage  and  to  pursue  the  route  to  the 
place  wiiicli  I  have  cho.sca."  An  answer  was  re-,, 
turned  that  it  w.ts  too  late,  and  that  negociatio:i,'i' 
we:  c  already  commerced. 

N.ii)olron  departed.  The  route  through  Tour ;. 
Ni  )rt  and  Uo'^hefort,  was  a  real  triumph.  He  v.m-> 
^ccuinpanicd  by  m:my  c;u-riagos  v.dthout  escort. — Of 
all  liis  former  power  there  remained  only  his  gloiy 
.■'.nd  his  name,  and  the  acclaraaions  of  the  popidace 
who  assembled  about  him  were  unanimous.  It  was 
the  same  during  his  stay  at  Hocliefort  on  bo.ird  of 
tiie  frigate.^,  and  at  the  Isle  d'Aix.  Every  where 
tue  same  respect  was  paid  iiim  as  if  he  was  still  em- 
peror.    'I'liose    t«  whose  care  he  was  confiiied  said, 

*  This  is  afiirmed  lo  be  a  corres'pondence  for  a 
1)1  gtime  between  Fouche  and  Mett.ernich,  in  widch 
tic  la  ter  guai-aiitcad  lihc  regenc;.^  if  t!ic  emp  j."ov 


i^        SUPPLEMENT  TO  ^nLES'  RE O!  STEP.— NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE* 


^leis  the  man  who  has  governed  us  with  so  mucii  j 
CC  at,  he  v  is  W:io  has  eleviled  to  so  liig'h  a  pi  cti  ot 
tjrUM-v  the  French  name.  T.ie  national  rcpyesent.i- 
tinn  has  placed  aim  ander  the  safeKni-ii-d  ot"  Frcucli 
lo,;>Uv,  and  i>s  wishes  sh;dlnji  be  disappoin  ed  br 
us  Wha  ever  be  our  opiiiions  and  eveiUs  this  illus- 
trioub  deposit  sliJl  be  s.rcred  as  long-  as  he  remains 
anuni'fi"  •  is."  Arid  the  tad  is^  that  the  whiie  flag  was , 
nc.i  lioisted  till  lie  was  gone. 

On  his  ^-ouig  on  board  t lie  frig'aes,  Napoleon  seiy. 
one  ot  Ills  suiie  to  the  Eiiglisii  cruizer  l.o  know  i, 
the  iJasspor.s  hadheen  received  wiilcii  were  pro- 
niised  by  die  provisional  g-ovcrnmcnt,  permiuinj,^ 
him  to  proceed  io  the  United  Sta.es.  He  was  h\- 
fo-.nicd  they  were  not,  Init  that  an  ;ipplication  would 
be  nuiole  votlic  English  a<lmir.tl  upon  the  subject.— 
I;  was  suppoi>ed  that  Xupoleon  mi.^-ht  getout  uiider 
tiie  parli  .menlary  fl-jr-  '^""^  answer  was,  '.nat  tiie 
fri"'i  ea  would  be  aUackcd.  A  jiassai^e  was  then 
nie^sioned  in  a  ne.itral  vessel.  The  answer  was  ihat 
it  wo  Id  be  strictl)'  searched,  i)criiaps  even  taken 
to  arrE....;ii:ih  port;  "but  it  was  iniim.iied  to  him  to 
go  ()  l^r^land,  and  .iFiruied  that  there  he  had  no 
harm    o  aj^prehenil. 

Dvuingtlr^inierval  that  he  was  wait ini^  for  the 
ansv.croi'  heE.;;^lish  .-idmiral.  Napoleon  conceived 
the  Doid  idea  oi  embaikinj^-  \\  ilh  a  select  suiie  in 
two  ch;.bic-r.iarec  ■,  oi' from  18  o  20  Ions  burthen, 
and  ;o  try  the  chances  of  Ids  tale  and  the  dau-'crs 
oi  the  sea  in  a  vt)yage  to  Amei'ica. 

In  the  mean  time  circumstances  |.resscd  and  li 
became  necessary  ibr  him  to  take  liis  resoiusion. — 
He  sent  b.'ck  the  samene.a^ocia  or  on  board  the  En- 
^lioh  cruiser  to  leain  if  an  answer  iiad  been  receiv- 
ed.    The  Eaglisii  capt.tin  replied,  J,luit    it  was  eve- 
rv  moment  e.\pecled,  and  he  adiled,  tliat  if  the  em- 
■])cror  would  immediately  emo.irk  for  E!i;j!aiul,  lie 
was  authorised    to   receive    him,  and   to    take  him 
tluthcr.     He  added,  tiiat  a?   a  public  cii^racier  he 
could  not  guarantee  the  determination  whicii  would 
become  to  as  to  his  fate;  but  he  added,  that  as  a  pri- 
vate individual,  and  niuny  otiier  c;iptains   repeated 
it  idon"-  wi  h  him,  they  luid  no  tloubt  thai  N.ipole- 
uu  woufd  experience  in  England  all  the  respectful 
treatment  whicli  he  miglit  wisli  tor      That  the  En- 
"lisii  h.ida  generosity  of  sentiment,   a  llbcraliiy  oi 
opinion  above  even  sovereignty.     Napoleon's  cnroy, 
encour.iged  by  such  proiessions,  said  that  he  would 
go  and  communicate  to  tiie  emperur  the  offer  of  the 
Eii'disii  captain,  and  the  whole  of  the  conversation. 
lle\dded,  tliat  he  diougiit  he  knew  so  well  the  e- 
steem  in  which    Napoleon  held  tlie  English  naiion, 
that  he  would  not  be  :ig.iinst  even  going  wiiu  conh- 
dencc  to  England,  in  order   to  find  ther*  the  facili- 
ties  uf  prosecuiing   his  voyage  to   America.     He 
(k\eloped  his  personal  opinion  upon  this  subject.— 
He  described   France,  south  of  the    Loire,  as  iu  a 
.>,tate  of  lerment;  the  ho;.ics   of  the  ])eople  always 
centering  in   Napoleon   so   long  as  he  should  be  at 
hand;  the  proposals  which  were  made  to  him  every 
r.ioment  from  all  parts;  his  ;;bsolu.e  detcrmiiunion 
to   serve   neither  as  a  cause  nor  a  pretext  for  civil 
war;  the  generosity  he  had   shown  in  his  abdication 
to  facilitate  the  return  of  peace;  the  firm  resolution 
he  had  made  of  banishing  himself  loreudcr  it  more 
.speedy  and  more  complete;  and  the  deermination 
"he  had  coma  to  not  to  employ  tliehigates.lest  a  sin- 
gle drop  of  blood  should  be  spilt  for  his  personal  in 
teiesc  onlv.     He  then  left  ihs  vessel 

All  this' while  the  ibrcc  of  the  English  was  known 
to  be  increasing  every  day— all  the  passages  were 
.^josed — two  or  three  lines  of  vessels  extended  in  a 
orescent  on  the  open  se:. — the  bo.iis  a.  nigiit  stood 
licar  cui-  shores,  and  shut  .0^)  the  most  &eci-ct  issues. 


On  another  side  the  white  flag  was  flying  upon  the 
neigabouiing  coasts;  the  agitation  "was  great  and 
civil  war  wus  at  hand;  it  became  urgent  to  decide  on 
soiwetning.  The  emperor  w.is  advised  lorsjointhe 
arm\,or  to  throw  liimselfinto  someof  the  troubled 
districts.  Tiie  arrival  of  Davoust,  the  disposition 
01  ClauselandLiniaique,  those  of  the  g.rrisons  of 
KociiCibrt  and  I'Isle  d'Aix,  rendered  success  possi- 
ble, or  good  lerms  certain.  Napoleon  rejected  this 
advice  to  coimieiKiuce  rivil  war  as  unworthy  of  him. 

Nodiiiig  presented  itseh  but  the  chasse-marees 
or  tlic  English  fleei.  He  had  private  conferences 
vv  ith  many  of  ids  suite,  as  his  situation  was  become 
ex  remcl,  cri  icd.  It  was  more  easy  for  them  to 
make  objections  than  to  give  him  counsel;  and  oil 
liis  pan  it  was  more  easy  to  comba.  an  objection 
.ban  to  lemwve  it.  One  of  them  having  expressed 
himself  afraid  iesiifhe  wen:  toEngland  his  personal 
lihervy  and  rigiits  would  be  violated,  he  exclaimed 
with  Warmth,  "Tua  i- inipos-iible.  If  I  have  a  cor* 
rect  opinion  of  the  prince  of  Wales,  af  er  wha.  I 
nave  iieard  of  him,  he  possesses  the  strength  of 
mind  and  justice  01  an  Edward,  joined  to  the  grace 
and  gallantry  of  a  Charles  U  Characters  of  thi» 
stamp  do  not  let  opportunities  slip  of  doing  gloriou* 
actions.  Themanner  in  wliicli  I  shall  be  treated  in 
England  may  adorn  one  of  the  finest  pages  of  history, 
HI  treatment  of  my  person  would  be  an  outrage 
against  the  laws,  and  would  cover  that  people  with 
siuune  now  tiiai  I  can  no  longer  do  them  any  injury^ 

At  last  he  assembled  all  liis  suite  around  him,  and 
wished  to  have  their  opinion  as  to  what  should  be 
done.  Tiie  opinion  was  for  the  English  fleet.  Na- 
poleon walked  sometime  in  silence,  placing  at  times 
lii.>  hand  upon  his  forehead.  "The  chassemarees," 
said  he,  "are,  doub  less,  dangerous;  but  it  is  not  the 
danger  which  I  consider — it  is  the  result;  and  I  do 
not  see  it.  H"  .t  be  only  to  place  our  persons  in  safe- 
ty, i  it  was  in  question  to  conquer  an  empire,  to  de- 
liver a  nation,  in  a  word,  to  return  from  the  island 
01  Elba,  there  would  be  no  room  tor  hesitation;  but, 
1  repea.  it,  in  this  case  I  do  not  see  sufllcient  re- 
sults. As  to  going  to  the  enemy,  the  emperor  of 
Russia  has  called  himself  my  fi-iend — tlie  emperor 
of  Austria  is  my  father-in-law — there  is  neither  of 
the.se  sovereigns,  I  think  but  would  fix  a  great  price 
to  the  high  consider.ition  I  should  manifest  by  go- 
ing, in  spite  of  the  irritation  of  the  moment,  and 
throwing  myself  into  their  arms.  However  I  prefer 
giving  this  te  timony  to  the  English  people,  witii 
whom  I  have  never  had  luiy  connection,  and  whom  I 
always  fought.  Gentlemen,  we  will  go  on  board  the 
English  fleet;"  and  telling  some  one  to  'ake  a  pen, 
ue  dictated  the  letter  to  the  prince  regent,  -jy/ucA 
has  ulvcady  appeared. 

Tiiis  letter  was  immediately  sent  on  board  tlio 
Engli.-<h  vessel,  with  an  intimatioti  that  Najjoleou 
would  repair  thither  on  the  morrow,  whicn  he  in 
facu  did,  early  ill  the  morning.  T!ie  lirst  moments 
of  his  reception  were  cold  and  end^.irrassed;  but,  ii\ 
a  short  time,  .scarcely  had  Napoleon  looted  over  the 
crew,  seen  the  otlicers  and  chatttnl  wi'.ii  Uic  captain, 
thantlie  inevitable  aiiceadancy  of  t!iis  extraordinar/ 
man,  who  for  twenty  years  has  employed  all  tungueii 
ui)on  his  action.-!,  operated  like  magic.  As  he  was 
beiiaved  to  some  \  e.irs  ago  en  board  a  French  vessel, 
so  now  he  exijeriLiiced  the  same  respect,  the  same 
attention  from  every  one.  On  the  s'.ime  day  the  .ad- 
miral caine  to  pay  i.is  rcsj-iects  to  the  emperor;  tiiC 
Litter  desired  to  sec  his  sliip,  and  in\  ited  himselflbr 
the  morrow  to  bre.ikfast.  He  was  received  with  all 
..hat  ilistineiion  antl  jjoliteness  which  appear  parti- 
ctdarU  to  chan.cttrize  the  ncbic  and  <uk;gant  uiau- 
aeiB  wf  ak  Uc/.rv  lltjtliam. 


^ 


^^'PPLEMEN T  T©  NILES'  llEGLSTER— NAPOLEQN  BONAPARTS.       1*^^ 


-  The}'  set  sail  on  the  same  day,  the  ISth.  Contrni-y 
winds  or  calms  mude  the  vuyatje  luiii,''  aad  tedious.— 
They  made  Torbay  on  (lieSoth,  wii  ere  orders  werfr 
fouii'd,  to  Isave  no  comnmnicution  wiili   the  lund. — 
But  :dl   tlie  bouts  of  the  counlry,   on   Ihe  news    of 
Napoleon's    avrivnl,  surrounded    tlie    shi;).     Oa  the 
morraw  the  wliole  population  of  tiie  coumry    v.ere 
there,  without  distinction  of  rank  or  sex.     N-ipole- 
on,    -A  ho   v/uj   i)rincipully  occupied   in   readir.g:,   in 
eonver.>5atlon  at  intervals  wilh  sumeof  his  suiie,  and 
takinp:  a  walk  reijiilarly  several  times  a  d;iy  upon  the 
poop,' looked  at  all  these   curious   people   v/ith    the 
KiiMie  countenance  he   would    have    done   irom  the 
vindov.'s  of  tht;  Thuilieries.     One  of  the  Ehl;j's  of- 
iKcers  enf[uired  if  he  was  not  indignant  at  behohling 
Bich  a  nu'.Uitude  of  g-azers   round  hini;  and,  widi- 
out  v.aitin.i,'-  tor  an  answer,  added,  but,  indeed,  if  he 
Y.as,  hemi:,dit  thank   hiuiselt  tor    ii,  since    iie   had 
made  himself  so  greai  and  celebrated.     He  had   the 
Xntjlish  pupcrs  read  to  Idin,  which  carrica.ured,   in 
tiie  inost  ridiculous  manner,   !us  cominc?  on    board, 
the  reception  he  me:  widi,  and  the  conversations  he 
had  entered  into.     Some  Eng-lish    officers  repjoba- 
ling  all  tliese  fuUies  as  huultw  to  him— "T;\e  nudii- 
tude,"  said  he,  onlyjudt,^e  from  such    iilue  Beard 
tales;  grave  lustorians,  who  write  for  posterity,  clia- 
J  acterise  men  solely  by  their  actions,  and  1  leave  m_v 
Science  to  them." 

On  the  third  day  ihey  were  ordered  round  to  Ph' 
jnouth — diere  tlie  ship  seemed  cendemned  to  a  more 
lig-orous  captivity.  The  papers  and  the  reports 
from  shore  ag-rced  in  spreading  a  report  tirat  Napo- 
leon was  to  be  transported  to  St.  Hele.ia.  "It  is  im- 
possible," was  his  constant  answer.     "It  is  from  u 


reign  without  regard  to  tlie  interests  of  my  pcoplt,  ]| 
■ihould  have  established  in  their  eyes  tiie  ieg-itiiu^-y  • 
of  my  title  to  the  throne.  Had  agricti'Un  e  ■  ♦ca 
neglected,  had  manufactures  languished,  had  ccbt 
:x-cunmlated,  and  public  spirit  been  degraded,  thea 
1  had  assured  the  iriendship  oirivul  pt;tentates:  had 
1  circumscribed  the  prosperity  of  the  empire  'o  th« 
embellisliment  of  itsjjaluces,  or  sacriiiced  t'ne  niaje^ 
lyof  tlie  ihrone  to  the  preservation  of  die  rovai  au- 
dtority,  then  my  dynasty  ndght  have  possessed  lb* 
inglorious  inheritance.  ' 

"The  sovereigns  of  Europe  cnnPederated  against 
me  as  a  legislator   Vvhose   ei'.rJdishmen's   nur'.ured 
and  animated   the  talents  and  industry  ot  the  con>- 
munityof  winch    1  had  been  elected  the  chief  ma- 
gistrate, and   they  proscribed    mv    person   as    the 
sliield  of  the  power  and  iiidependetice  of  ihe  state. 
The  enemies  of  a  revolution   whicli  had  triumphed 
over  tiie  abuses  that  occasioned    it,  and  mercenaiy 
Lraitors  insensible   'o   the  calamity  of  an    invaded 
country, associated  their  edbrts  to  parilize  na'.iwnal 
exertion,  and  to  make  30U  believe  that  war  was  my 
policy,  and  peice  the  boon  whicA  tlie   governments 
of  Europe  siolicitcd  from  France.     Unwilling  to   sa- 
crihce  tfte  illustrious  remnant  of  your  defenders, thus 
insolated  from  their  country,  I   yielded  to  t!ie  wish- 
es of   your   represen"»tives;  and,  to   consummate 
yotir  security,  I  surrendered  myself  into  the   hand* 
of  mv  enemies. 

"Hisiory  offered  no  example  wiiere  repose  and  in- 
dependence were  tiie  rewards  of  submi«blon;  but 
man}' of  individual  devotion  to  the  hopes  af  naticjiisl 
since  the  fatal  moment  when  France  announced  thai 
she  ceased  to  combat  for  her  liberties  and  safetiea; 


.iioble  and  magnani.nous  resolution  tha*  V  am  arrived  what  misfortunes,  crimes,  and  Immili*  ions  have  de- 
on  the  shores  of  Britain,  and  not   by  the  chances  01   vasia  ed  and  degraded  the  empire.     W«r,  with  aH 

its  devastations,  conquests,  witii  ftll  its  violence,  ty- 


war.    lam  come  to  place  myself  under  the  protec- 
tion of  i.s  laws,  and  have  not  been  dragged  here  by 
the  force  of  arms.     I  am  come  to  seek  an  asylum  in 
this  land  of  freedom,  and  suall  I  find  oidv  a  prison, 
chaiiis  and  death.'  I  repeat,  it  is  impossible;  I  nave 
claimed  the  sacred   rights  of  hospitality,    and   the 
prhice  regent,  exercising  the  sovereign  y  of  ihe  E'l- 
glisii  people,  cannot  refuse  it.     My  voluntarily  com- 
-^ig  to  him  alone  prevents  all  interjereace.     We  live 
.in  a  day  when   die  opinion  of  coemporaries,  the 
judgment  of  jio-sterity,   are   more  dear,  more  neces- 
sary to  us  than  ever.     Great  crimes  are  transmitted 
down  to  posterity  v/ith  as  much   c;ire  as   grtat  ac- 
tions.    The  condemnadon  of  Mary,  queen  of  Scot- 
'land  still  soils  the  brilliant  hisiory  of  tiie  great  Eli- 
■^beth,  and  the   condemnation  of  Stafiord    will  al- 
ways be  a  stain  upon  the  meniory  of  the  unfjnonate 
,©harles  I." 

NAPOLKOX    TO    THE    FBF.NCH    PEOI'LE. 

[This  is  copied  from  a  London  paper,  and  said  to 
have  been  written  by  Napoleon  on  board  the  Belle- 
i-.oplion.  It  was  circulutetl  in  France  privately,  but 
is  altogether  a  fabrication.  AVe  iriseri  only  iis  pre- 
senting an  excellent  history  of  things.] — Ed.  Re^. 
To  the  Editor  of  the  JMornln^  Chronicle. 

Sia — Tlie  accompanying  paper  is  the  translation 
<»f  an  address  to  the  French  peo]de,  which  is  gene- 
rally circidated  in  France,  and  which  is  believed  to 
bean  authentic  document,  written  by  him  on  board 
the  Bellerophon; — 

"Parity    Oct.   9. — Tlie    macidnalions   of    treaso:i 
liave  obliged   me  to  separate  again  from  you;   bu 
victims  of  the  same  treason,  I  lament  only  your  mis- 
foi  ^uncs. 

"1  e.iveted  the  sceptre  but  to    sway  it    for  youi 

glory  and  w  elf  ire!  the    kn^iwlcJ^e  of  uiy  dcvodoi 

vo_\i'iii  honoi  and  prosjxrity   excited    tiie   hatred  o. 

Hutaovereijrity  of  Eiiope.     Had  I   sQUjftit    o.ijy  to 

SmTLEMliLVT  TO    \i.>l..}X..  ' 


ranny  with  all  its  abuses,  and  subjection  with  all  it* 
shames,  have  overwhelmed   you! — Outr.ye  and  pep- 
perSdy.   liaTe   outstepped,    ev«n    my    torcbodingsJ 
tue   perfidy    of     Aistrin,   whica    uncovered      my 
line,  and  occasioned  my  disastei-s  in  Russia — which 
bartered  Poland,  violated  the  military  convention  o£ 
Dresden,  and  negociated  but  to  betray;  the  perfi  ly 
of  Prussia,  whose  monarchy  I  preserved,  when  cow- 
ardice and  treason  had  undermlne<l  its  throne;  of 
Russia,  whose  civil,  military,  and  political  history  i^ 
a  series  of  systematic  contempts  of  tai  h  and  eqijj- 
ty;  ot  Bavaria,  wliose  unparalleletl  turpitude,  oblig- 
ed me   o  fight  at  Leii)zic,  ibr  preservation,  and  not 
for   conquest;  of  Switzerland,    who,  for  a   paltry 
bribe,  sold  the  tranquility  of  her  citizens,  th«  safety 
of  her  country,  and  the  sanctity  of  her  neutrality 
of  England,  whose  sophisms  have  annihilated  pub- 
lic law,  and  wiiose  policy  since  the  a«ra  of  Pitt  iiaii 
unblushingly  substituted  power -fiir   principle,  arvdf 
expedience  ibr  justice!  not  the  recollection  of  all 
these   recent  iieifidies  had  prepare^l  me  for  thoap 
which  have   now  been  emulously   perpetrated — by 
sovereigns,  who  professed  that  they  bore  tiieir  .arras 
agr.inst  France  only  so   long  as  I  was  seated  on  he? 
throne!  the  most  lawless  barbarians  have  never  ma- 
nifested such  con.empt  of  solemn    engagements.-*- 
Tlie  darkest  ages  have  never  pre  ented  sucn  scenes 
of  treachery  and  licentious  direction  of  tbrces  ii^ 
an  unresisting  coumry. 

"The  miserable  king  who  was  content  to  surrcai- 
der  France  as  their  ju-ej!  has  even  his  wrongs  tt» 
plead!  The  mock  of  his  sway  desecrates  '.he  divinity 
of  his  right,  and  lie  trembles  le:ist  the  vengeance  of 
'he  nation  should  sweep  liim  and  die  tlc-poiiers  froai 
the  soil  before  the  woik  of  runt  is  accomplisiied. 

"Frenchmen!  \ou  are  now  told,  that  not  only  my 
u.ibition,  but  > our  concurrent  sjiirit  of  c^nques^ 
demands  pi,iLid»hJiient;  ev«a  tV^  acq>.iJ»tt^on$  ©f  ftft- 


ISO      SUrpLEMENT  TO  NILE,«5'  RKr.T^.TSR— NAFQLEGxN^  BONAPARTiJX 


CH.VnACTKR  OF  nOXAPAHTT!. 


He  is  fliUen!  We  may  now  pause  before  that  splen- 
did pi'odio-y  wiiic.i  lovvered  among'  us  like  some  aiv 
cieai  ruin,  wliose  tVown  en-iP.ed  tne  g'hmce  its  inag-- 
i.ihceiice  attracted.     Gran<i,    gloomy    and  popular, 


mpr  sovcreif/ns  a:id  epodis  are  now  ciied  as   j'our 

fcrin>es!  Andby  n'liom  are  thc^e  charges  advanced? 

Bv  :iOverei.,':tis  "whose  enipires  h'lve  Iieen  formed   b, 

surcessfui  encros'ciimentson  the    independence  and 

•e.-vistence  of  neiglib oring-  states!  "What  wa.i   Kussi.. 

in 'he  bt-g-innina:  of  the  last  ceniurv?  IIow  became  ■'^■'^'i'- "-ip'^'i  tne  throne,  a  sceptred  hermit,  wrapt   m 

the  elector  of  Rra^Kleiiburj^'i  rionarch  of  a  powerlul   die  solitude  of  his  av/ilil  orig'inality.     A  mind  bold, 

kirp-dom?  lias  Austria  absorbed  no  kintrdom— (lis-  'ndej)endcnt,  and  decisive;  .i  will  despotic  in  its  dic- 
"511  en ibered  no  provinces,  and  docs  she  now  liold  no  t'ite»;  an  energ-y  that  dis.anced  expedition;  and  ;i 
rlonv.in  by  the  -ole  tenure  of  force'  Look  at  the  m:.p  j  conscience  pjiuble  to  every  toucliof  interest,  mark« 
cfK'irope- — TI„s  France  only  usurped?  ^)o  all  the  j  ed  the  ou.line  of  rjtis  extra  >rdinary  ciuracter,  the 
stales  rtcoj^-nised  inilepender.t  even  by  the  treaty  of  '"ost  extraordinary  perhaj).,  that,  in  liie  annal;  of 
^.Vehtphidia  exist?  Look  round  l.e  globe.— See  the  'his  world,  ever  rose,  or  reig-ned,  or  fell.  Fhing-  in- 
J'.ng'li^h  fl.ig-  flying  in  ever<  qu  u-ter,  in  countries  t'> 'de,  in  themidst  of  a  revohuion,  tnit  quickeneil 
wiiere  religion,  laws  and  l.Lr.^'iag-e  are  dissonant  every_  eaerg'y  of  a  people  liiat  acknowledged  no 
lias  she  not  subiugated  the  greater  part  of  Asia?    Is  ;*\ip^'"'"''3iie  commenced  ids  co'.uv^e,  a   stronger   by 


ibiugatetM he  greater  pal' 

she  not  slid  entie.ivoring-  to  iorce  the  niinpi.rts  that 
separate  her  i'rctn  China;  and  has  she  not  been  wa- 
ging-a  second  v»-ar  to  recover  her  influence  on  the 
Am'eiican  co;itinent?  Our  ambition  was  security. 
If  Engl^and  hr.d  not  aspired  to  tlie  dominion  of  three 
quarters  of  the  giol)e,  I  should  have  temporised 
uidi  "he  unfriendiy  councils  of  Sjjain;  ifRussiji  had 
not  parti' ioned  Fi.lar.d,  and  ai:ne(l.  at  empire  in  Ger- 


birth,  and  a  scholar  by  charit. !  Widi  no  frit;nd  but 
ins  swor<l,  and  no  fortune  but.is  talents,  he  rusiied 
into  the  lists  where  ranks,  and  wealdi,  an  I  genius 
had  arrayed  themselves,  and  oor.ipetii ion  fled  from 
lum  as  from  the  chance  of  destiny.  He  knew  no  mo- 
tive but  interest — lie  acknovrleged  no  criterion  but 
success— he  worsiiippcd  no  God  but  ambition,  and 
S'.ern  devotion,  knelt  at  the  shrine  of  his  idolatry. 


many,  Inever  siiould  have  proposed  (o  repulse  her|Sid>sidary  to  this,  there  was  no  creed  that  he  did 
froni  the  Visula  to  the  Volga.  Europe  1ms  acknow- 1  "ot  profess — there  was  no  opinion  he  did  not  prom. 
Jedged  he  bmeful  influence  oPEngland's  usurpations;  Udgate;  in  the  liope  of  adynasty^  lie  up'iei  1  the  cres. 
thebtooii  tiiat  has  flowed  for  this  25  years  has  flow-  cen  ;  for  the  sake  of  a  divorce,'  he  bowcil  before  the 
^d  at  her  purchase;  and  Ijurope  w  ill  further  ni^e  the  {cross;  the  orphan  of  St.  Louis,  he  became  the  adop- 
event  of  a  str'iggle  (hat  removes  the  ascendance  of  a  I  ted  ciiildof  the  republic;  and,  with  a  paricidal  in- 
■civilized  people  tor  the  domination  of  northern   bar-  gratitude  on  the  ruins  ofthe  throne  and  the  iribunfi. 


Ijaiians.  You  are  accused  of  having  preferred  war 
to  peace,  so  Ions'  as  war  was'successful,  and  your 
-answers  are  tliose — who  first  waned  against  your' 
'yevolution?  wiio  violated  the  peace  of  A itliens,   and 


ho  reared  the  tower  of  his  despoiism!  A  pro.es^ea 
catholic,  he  imprisoned  the  pope;  a  pretenieJ  n.it- 
riot,  he  impoverished  tlie  country;  ;,nd,  i.;  .  le  n -i  ra 
of  Brutus'^  he  grasped,  v.ithout  re  norse,  and    *^..::,- 


violated  it  v/iih  sham'-less  di.'-dain  of  truth?  who  re-jwituout  siiame,  diediadem  of  tlie  C:esars! 
Jected   negociations   repeatedly   offered,  or   broke       Though    this   pantomime  of  liis  policy   fortune 
them  off'  when    conciliation  was    practicable?  who 'phiyed  the  clown  to  his   caprices.     A.   his   touch, 
madethe  war  of  which  you  are  now  the  victims? — Is  j  crowns  crumbled,  begg  rs  reigned,    j. items  v;mish- 
it  not  a  war  of  dieir  own  decree."  1  regretted  your  i  ed,  the  wildes,  theories  took  the  colour  otnis  whim 
sacrifices,  I  M^as  moved  to  vindicate  your  indig-nities, '  and  all  that  was   venerable,  and  all  tiiai  was  novel, 
bu' I  i:dopted 'the  policy  of  peace — the  will  of  the  changed  p'.ices  with  tiie  rapidiy  o.  a  drama.     Evert 
itation,  andl  respected  it  as  the  bond  between  me  ^-pparesit  defeat,  assumed  the  operations  of  vic^-ory 
and  my  people.     Frenclnneni  posterit}'  will  judg-e|i— his  flig'tit  from  E;ypt  confirmed  nis  destiny — rain 
ho'v-.    far  T  am  responsible  to  my   country  for  the  itself  only  elevated  him  to  empi.e. 
events  of  our  military    efforts.     They  will   decide}      Hut  if  his  fortune  was  g.eai,  his  g-eniotis  wa.3  tran- 
'wiien  the  rec  rds  are  theirs,   whether  I  could  have  scendant;  decision  flasuedupon  his  councils,  and  it, 
mastered  fortune;  but  my  iove  for  France,  ms   grat-  was  tlie  .-.ame,  to  decide,  and  to   perform. — To  infe- 
j tilde  for   her  confidence,  and  devotion  to  her  wel-  rior  intellects  his  combine  ions 'appeared  perfectly 
"are  can  never  be  subject  to  su.,picion     To  France  impossible,  his  plans  perriecily  impracticable — but. 


I  o'\e  my  existence,  and  the  consciousness  of  that 
claim  has  confirmed 'he  right  of  nature.  French- 
men! I  fi7rt  <r'z7/f  o«r  c;v.per.)r!  bat  I  hold  the  crown 
for  Hiy  son  and  your  inierests.  His  .succession  can 
alone  secure  the  fruits  of  your  effni-ts  against  a  dy- 
tiasty  wiiose  reign  is  identified  with  your  slavery. 
Torej_c"n  force  may  supjiort  the  throne  of  a  paricicle 
■Icing,  hilt  the  power  of  30  millions  of  Frenchmen  is 
j-iot  to  be  permanently  •nbdued.  You  have  acquired 
mournfi.il,  but  useful  experience.  You  now  are  con- 
vinced that  arms  alor>e  c;m  redeem  jou  from  vassal 
age  and  ignominy.  Cherish  the  brave  men  who 
have  ii)Ught  your  battles — they  will  be  the  pillars  of 
your  army,  .ind  they  will  conduct  you  to  victorj'. 

''On  the  rock  where  I  am  doomed  to  pr.ss  my  fu- 
ture days,  by  the  dislojal sentence  of  vour  enemies, 
1  shall  yet  hear  the  echo  of  vohp  triumpli.s,  and  hai! 
in  the /ooMi  of  its  horizon,  the  flag  of  your  indepcn- 
■dencel" 

The  followmg  elegant  sketch  is  fi-om  the  classic 
Jpen  of  Chacler  Phillips,  ll^sq.  a  celebrated  Irish 
twi'rist-er,  '^vell  known  as  the  distinguished  orator 
•wdchantpion  of  caholic  emancipation.  It  was  first 
■publisbcd  RlSlJ^go  on  the  33lh  ot  April.  J  Sl-i. 


in  ids  iund,  simplicity  mai-ked  Jieir  development, 
and  success  vindica.ed  their  adoption.  His  person 
paitook  tlie  character  of  his  mind;  if  the  on« 
never  yielded  in  the  cabhiet,  the  other  never  bent 
in  the  field.  N.ature  had  no  obstacle?  that  he 
did  not  surmount;  space  no  opposition  that  he  did 
not  spurn;  and,  whether  amid  alpine  rocks,  Arauiam 
sands,  or  polar  snows,  he  seemed  proof  ag.dnst  peril, 
and  empowered  with  ubiquit) !  The  whole  continent 
of  Europe  trembled  at  be.'.olding  the  audacity  of  Lis 
designs,  and  the  miracle  of  their  execution.  .Scep- 
ticism bowed  to  the  prodigies  of  his  pertiirmance;  ro- 
mance assumed  the  air  of  history;  nor  was  there 
aught  too  incredible  for  belief,  or  too  fanciful  for 
expectation,  when  tiie  world  s.iw  a  subaltern  of  Cor- 
sica waving  his  impei'ial  fl.ig  over  her  most  ancient 
Capitols. — All  the  visions  of  antit[uity  become  com- 
monplaces in  hiscomemplation;  kings  were  his  ])eo- 
ple;  nations  were  his  out-posts;  and  he  disposed  of 
courts  and  camps,  and  cliurch,  and  cabinets,  as  if 
thevwerc  the  titular  dignitaries  ofthe  chess-board. 
Amid  all  these  clian-^es  he  stood  immut;«bie,  as 
*  In  Ills  hypocritical  cair  after  libert} ,  in  tnc  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution,  he  assumed  the  uajne 
<if  n_.-.<-..r-'    r».-'.    n ;  ;. 


?^UP?LEMENr  TO  NILES^  REGISTER— NAPOLEON  DONAPARTE.        131 


adamant.  It  mattered  little  whether  in  the  field  or 
drawiiigroom;  with  the  mob  or  the  levee;  v.c.ii-.ng 
the  jacobin  bonnet  or  I. le   iron  crown;    haniihing  a 


1796, 


M,a-  11. 


.  Ai^pointtd  to  the  command  of  the  army» 
oi  luily.  ' 

BuUlc  of  Lodi. 


Brag-anzaor  espousing  a  Dorrame;  dictaiing- jjcace   AueustS.  Bat' 1  c  ol' (Jasiigl lone, 


November  16.  Balils;  of  Areola. 

179- 
Februarv  2.  Surrender  of  M;intua. 
Marc')  23.  Triesie  surrendtrs. 

April  18.  Preliinin.u-ies  v^ith  Austria  signed  atLeoben 
Ma)-  16    French  take  possession  of  Venice. 
October  1(5.  Treatv  of  Cminu  Formio  with  Auitria- 

179S.  •  ' 

May  20.  Bonaparte  sails  for  Egx-pt, 


on  a  raf.  lotheCzar  ot'Ri.ssia,  or  conte!ii,)laf.;:ig-  de 
f'eatat  the  gallows  ofLeip:.ic;  lie  was  still  Uie   s.une 
military  despot. 

Cradled  in  tlie  camp,  l.ewasto  the  last  hour,  the 
dai'iing  of  the  aimy.  OPr.ll  liis  soldiers  not  one  for- 
soolc  him,  until  affection  was  useless,  and  tlicir  first 
stipulation  was  the  safety  of  their  favorile  Taey 
knev/  well  that  if  he  was  lavish  of  them,  he  was  prod- 
igal or  himself,  and  that  if  he  exposed  them  to  peril 

he  repaid  them  v.ith  plunder.     For  the  soldier  he  1  July  21.  Ba'tlc  of  Emb^ibe,  (n-of  the  pyramids^ 
subsidized  every  jjeople;  to  the  people  he  made  even  ,  October  24.  Iniurreetion  at  Cairo, 
pride  pay  mbute.  1799. 

The  vic.o.ious  veteran  glittered  with  his  gains;  j  May  21.  Siege  of  Acre  raised, 
and  the  capital,  gorgeous  with  the  spoils  of  art,   be-l  August  23.  Sails  fr  jui  S;\pt  for  France. 
can\e  die  miniature  iTietroi)olis  of  die  universe.     In    October  7.  Lands  at  Ficjus 
this  wondertul  cimibination,  his  affectation  o  liter-  ^'  "   "' 

ature  must  not  be  omited.  The  gaoler,  of  the  pre.;s, 
he  affected  the  patronage  of  le.ers;  tne  proscribei- 
o'b  oks,  lie  e.couragcd  philo.sophy;  the  peisecutor 


of  authors;  and  the  i;iurderer   of    jjriniers,  he  yet 


November  9.  Dissolves  the  conventional  goverh^ment, 
lU.  iJeclared  first  con  ul. 

1800.  Peace  made  >vi  h  !he  Chouans. 
May  15.  Bonaparte  cr.isses  Mount  St.  Bernard. 
June  1.5.  Batitleof  M.n-eiisfu. 

July  23.  Frcliminaries  ".  i'h  Austria  signed  at  Paris. 
Decembers,   rt.ncle  of  Kohenli'iden. 

2+.  Explosion  of  thei.iferiial  machine. 

1891. 
Februarv  5.  Treaiv  of  Lnneviile  v.'ita  Austria. 
March  2'l.  Battle  of  Aleic.md.i.i. 


pretended  to  the  pro'.  ectio:-i  of  learning;  the  assassin 
ot  Palm;  ihe  silencer  ofDe  S  ael,  and  the  denouncer 
of  Kotzebue;  iie  was  die  frie.id  of  David;  the  bene- 
f.ictor  of  De  Lille;  and  sent  his  academical  prize  to 
the  philosopher  of  Eng-land." 

Sucii  a  medley  ot  contradictions,  and,  at  the  same 
lime,  such  an  individu?d   inconsistency,    v,  ere  never  !  August  16.  Nelson  attacks  tiic  Boulogne  flotilla, 
united  in  ihe  same  cnaracter.     A  royalist,  arepurjii-  October  H.  I'rciindnaiics  signed  wiili  E  ig  and. 
can,  and  an  emperor:  m.Uioniitan,  a  catholic,  and  a;  1802. 

patron  of  the  synagogue;  a  subaltern  and  a  soverogn;  I  January  26.  The   Cis.ilpine    republic  placed  und«r- 
&  traitor  «iid  a  tyrant;  a  ciuisti.in  and  an  infidel;  he|  hejurf^dicti mot  B  ;  uiparte. 

was,  tliroi'gh  all  his  vicissitudes,  the  same  stern,  im-|  Marcli  27.  Definitive  treaty  with  E.igland. 


piilieni,  isifioxibie,  original;  the  same  mi.Uei'iuus,  in 
»*oniprehensible  self;  tue  man  witaouca  model,  and 
vridiout  .1  shc.do»v. 

Hi.i  fall,  like  hi.  life,  baffled  all  speCidat'on.  In 
short,  his  whole  history  was  like  a  dream  of  the 
v.oild,  and  no  man  can  tell  liow  or  why  he  was  awa- 
kened from  tne  reverie.  Such  is  the  faint  and  feeble 
J, icturc  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  the  fust  (  uid  it  is 
);oped,  the  last,)  empeior  of  the  French* 

That  he  has  done  much  evil  liiere  is  little  doubt; 
that  he  has  been  liie  origin  of  much  good,  tliere  is 
justasl.tte.  Tiiro' his  means  intentional,  or  not, 
Spain,  Portugal,  and  France,  have  arisen  to  tue  bies- 
«ings  of  a  free  constiiution;  supers'diiori  has  found 
lier  grave  in  the  ruins  of  the  inquisition;  and  the 
federal  system,  with  its  whole  train  oi'satellites,"~had 
fle<i  forever.  Kings  may  learn  from  him  that  their 
safest  study,  a^  well  as  the  noblest,  is  the  interest  of 
the  people.  The  people  are  taught  by  him,  that 
tliere  is  no  despotism  so  stupendous  against  which 
they  have  not  a  resource,  and  to  those  who  would 


^lay  15.  Legi.jn  of  nonor  instituted.  ^ 

August  2.  Declared  consul    or  life. 

28.  Swiss   form    >("  govern.neiit  changed  bj 
the  interference  of  the  FreaclJ, 
1803. 
May  18.  English  declaration  of  war. 
June  5.  Hanover  conquered. 

1804. 
February  — .  More.m  arrested, 
^larcii  2.  Duke  d'Enghien  murdered. 
April  6.  Pichegra  dies  in  prison. 
May  13.  Bonapaite  declared  emperor. 
November  19.  Ci'owned  by  the  pope.  ^ 

1803. 
February  — .  Ti'rites  a  pacific  letter  to  the  king^  o£" 

England. 
Aprill  11.  I'reaty  of  Petersburg  between  England^ 

Russia,  Austria  and  Swedai. 
May  26.  Bon.aparte  declai-ed  king  of  Italy. 
.'September  24.  Bonaparte  heads  his    army  aguyja*^ 
Austria. 


rise  upon  tnerur.isofboth,  heisa  livingles.son,  th.il   October  20.  Mack'.s  armysarreiders  at  Ulix;. 
if ainbidon  can  raijC  him  fVjm  the  lowest  station^  ic 
can  prostrate  tlier.i  from  the  highest. 


cunoxoLO'jitMi  Jlcouvt  or  thf.  iuisvir.v.i.  invent* 

1\  Tilli  1.1 1'l;  i>i    bOAil'iHTE. 


August  I'l. 


B:)m  at  .V.icci-j  ia  Corsica. 


lyCarch  — .     Piaced  at  the  military  school  :d  Brit^nr.e. 
1793.  An  oilioer  of  artilkr)-  at  the  aiegc  of  Tou- 
lon, and  appointed  general  of  brigade. 

mn. 

<^ctober  4.  Commands  the  conventional  troops,  and 
and  defeats  the  Parisian.,. 


Novembxir  13.  French  tnter  Vienna. 
Dccenii'cr  2.  IJattla  of  Aus  crliiz 

15.  Treaty  of  Vienna  v.  iJi  Prussi:u 
26.  Treaty  of  li-esb'arg^h  wkh  Austri.l. 
ISOC 

\farch  39.  Josoph  Bonaparte  dcclarei  klngof  Naple*^ 
jJunc.'^i.  l.oul",  Jjonaparte  decfacdkuig  of  Hullaitdj., 
!  July  26.  Convocation  of  t!ie  Jews. 

'  i7.  Coiifcderatl,>n  of  the  Bhino-puhli-ihevi 
September  24.   Isunapaj-te  mi.roliQS  agahis.  Ijiu>»iA. 
October  24.  B.ittlt  of  Auerstadtor  Jea^ 

27.  Bonapar.e  enters  Berlin. 
November  19.  Hamburg  taken — ^BsrliAtif'^'^--"^ 

1807. 
I'cbruiry  3.  Battle  of  Eviau. 


*Sir  Humphrey  Davy   was  traasmitted  Uj«i  fiv,<t  |  June  14.  Battle  of  f'ricdlaii;^ 
•P^z6  of t[i«  acacl^my  ©f  i!:\s  and  fiQJ'^nc^s,  I  JuJ/  T.  Juu^j  '4  T*  Uftijh 


f-33 


SIT^TL^MET^T  TO  XILF.J?'  REGISTER— KAPOLECN  DCKArARTE/ 


180S. 
ffuii  7    Ilonnparte  declared  king- of  Spr. in. 

20.  Surrender  (if  Dupont's  srmy  at  Rjylen. 
29.  .Ir>epii  Don.  p;iTle  evacuates  M.;drid. 
Avi.9:usl.  21.  Bavdeo:-  Virperi,*. 
Scpieiiiher  2?.  Conference  at  Erfurtb. 
y(-,vcrfibei-4.  Ronaparie  an  ives  at  Vitt'oiia. 
Dcccnibev  4.  Surrender  of  Madrid. 

18: 9 
fflln^■.  15.  Rattle  of  Conmna. 

22    Ronaparie  reviirii.s  to  Paris- 
Aprii  6.  ■\Vur  declared  b)'  Aiisn-iLi. 

13.  Bniiaparle  liead.^  liis  army  ag^alnst  Austria. 
Maj  10.  Frenci)  eiUer  A'lenna. 

22.  B.ittleof  EsUng- or  Asperne. 
Jul\'  6.   Ra.Ule  of  \Vat;-r.jr>. 
Aujusl  1.5    Flusbini;  taken  by  tlie  Eng-Vish. 
October  14.  Treaty  <ii"  \ienaa  widi  Austria. 
December  13.  Lucien  Bonaparte  arrives  in  Eng-kand. 
16.  Bonaparte's  marriage  wiiii  Josephine 

dissolved. 
23.  Waicheren  evacuated  by  the  En  jlish 
1810. 
March  11.  Bonaparte  marries  Maria  Louisa,  daugh- 
ter of  Francis  II. 
July  9.  Holland  and  the  H.'.nse  tov,'ns  annexed  to  the 

French  empire. 
August    21.    Bernadotte   elected   ciX)'.vn  prince  of 

S>.\  eden. 
Dec— Decree  restraining  the  liberty  of  the  press. 

l&ll. 
Jftnu  ;r*,  1.  Hamburg'  annexed  to  the  empire. 
Auril  20.  The  empress  delivered  of  a   son,  who   is 

0*5 led  king  of  Rome. 
Septembei'  2.  Bonaparte  present  at  an  engagemeni 
beuveen    die   Boulogne  floiilia  and 
an  English  cruiser. 

1812 
Ja^junr-v  22.  Swedish  Pomerania  seized  by  Bonaparte. 
Mav  9.  He  iieud    lus  ar  i.y  ag  dnsi  Russia^ 
June  11    Arrives  at  Koni^csberg. 

28   En  cr-Wilna. 
August  18    Smolensko  taken. 
•eptemberT.  B  ttieor  Moskwa  or  Borodino. 

14.  FrencJi  enter  Merkow. 
October  22.  Evacxiate  it  agnin. 
November  9.  Bonaparte  arrives  at  Smolenska- 
December  5.  Quits  die  army. 
18.  Arrives  at  Paris^ 

1815. 
Aprii  — .  Takes  the  command  of  the  army  on  the 

Elbe. 
Sklay  1.  Battle  of  Lutzen. 

20.  Battle  of  IJantzen. 
#une  4.  Armistice  agreed  on. 

21.  Battle  of  Vittoiia. 
Jiugiist  17.  Hostilities  re-commence. 

28.  Battle  of  Dresden— Moreau  killed. 
September  7.  English  enter  France. 

28.  Bonaparte  evacuates  Dresden., 
October  18.  Battle  of  Leipsic. 
■November  15.  Revoluiton  in  Holland. 
IJecember  1.  Declaration  of  tlie  alii,  s  at  Frajikfort. 
8.  English  army  cross  the  Nive; 
181*. 
JTanuai-y  4.  Allies  cross  the  Rliine. 
Mai'chSO    Batt,eon  Montmartrc 

31.  Allies  enter  Paris. 
J^pril  11.  Bonaparte  abdicates  tiie  tlUoHl^ 
Mav  8.  Arrives  at  Elba. 

■  1815. 
February  25.  Left  Elba. 

^NBarch  1.  Arrived  at  Juan,  near  Cannes  and  Freju.s. 
13.  The  allies  issae  tlieir  decl.ir.x,ion  against 


^ciiajiprtcr,  (iiicUriog 


,  g-jdUwv.joi/' 


giving  him  t>p  to  the  populace  of  Par's 
lor  murder. 

20.  En<ered  Paris  without  shedding  a  drop  oC 
blood,  and  remounts  the  throne  amidst 
the  uni-.ersal  acclamations  of  the  people 
find  army. 

25.  I'iie  allied  treaty  formed  to  put  <lown  Bo- 
naparte. 
May  1.  A  larsje  manii factory  of  arms  established 
at  jNlarkel,  Si.  IMartin.  Bonaparte  and 
the  allies  prepnrii.g  ibr  hostilities,  their 
armies  culieciipg,  c^c. 

22.  Tiiennalists  of  La  Vendee  defeated  by 
Bon.aparte's  general,  Travot. 

24.  Tlic-  bos.ile  ari.iies  begin.to  collect  on  th« 

San;bre,  Mej'e,  &.c.  Vv'ellii-.gtoFi,  and. 
Bhicher,  Engli.sli  and  Prussian  generals, 
chieis  in  command  of  the  allies. 

25.  A  number   of  indivi.hial    p.itriotic   dona- 

tions  announced  in  th.e   Paris  ^loniteur, 
for  the  support  of  tke  French  army. 
June     4.  The  French  legislative  body  met  at  P.aris 
Cotmt  Languinais  was  elected  president. 
— The  house  of  peers  met. 

10.  Can.iparte  quits  Paris  to  put  himself  at 
the  head  of  his  army  at  the  north. 

15.  tiives  battle  to  the  Prussians  at  Thuin 
and  Lcpez,  on  the  river  Sambre,  and 
fights  widi  advantage. 

15.  The  battle  continued,  being  now  fouglit  at 
Fleurus,  where  the  Prussians  had  re- 
treated, this  day  ended  with  advantages 
to  tlie  French. 

17.  The  bat'ile  conlinued,  the  English  having 

joined,  the  conflict  became  moreobsti- 
uate,  dioughthe  day  ended  with  seeming 
advantages  to  the  French,  who  appeared 
too  confident  of  success. 

18.  Great  battle  of  Mount  Saint  John,  in  which 

the  precipitate  movements  of  the  FrencK 
brouglit  on  the  total  defeat  and  compleat 
destruction  of  their  army,  with  the  loss 
of  all  its  muterialeUtken. 

19.  Bonaparte  issues   a   proclamation   to  the 

Belgians  to  espouse  his  cause. 

20.  Bonaparte  returns  to  Paris 

21.  Requires   new  supplies,  which  arc  denied 

him. 
July  3.  Bonaparte  arrived  at  Rochfort. 

4.  The  allies  enter  Paris. 

8.  Bonaparte  embarked  his  suite  on  board 
the  Saal  and  Meduse,  two  French  fri- 
gates, himself  on  board  the  first  named, 
tor  the  purpose  of  making  his  escape 
from  France,  Louis  XVIU  arrived  in  ]*a- 
ris. 

0.  Landed  at  Isle  of  Alx,  and  visited  its  forti- 
fications. 

10.  Sent  a  flag  of  Truce  to  the  English  shij» 

Belieropiion,  v\  iih  generals  Savary  and 
Lajcasas. 

11.  Tiie  flag  returned. 

3..^'.  Bjnaparte  learned  from  his  brother  Jo- 
seph, t!ie  dissolution  of  the  Frenck 
chambers,  and  the  entry  of  kii^g  Louis 
into  Piiris. 

is.  Two  Valf  decked  boats  which  Bonaparte 
had  bought  hoping  to  escape  on  tlieir  ar-' 
rival  at  the  Isle  of  Alx. 

14.  Bonaparte  and  suite  embarked  on   boar«l' 

the  L'Ei^ervler. 
TS.  The  L'Epervier  sailed  as  Sijag-  of  truce  to 
the  English  admiral's  ship,  Bellerophoii, 
captain  Maitland,  who  having  deceived 
Jfoa.'.p.'u'Le  aniUttiiC)  gaye  »  \mtt9i»  aV 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  !CILES'  REGISTER— NAPOLEON' B9M A? AP.TE. 


13S 


testation  of  tlie  fact  to  the  connnander  of 
the  1,'Kpervier. 

16.  The  Bellcrophon    sets   out  for    England 
'.vith  Ronrpane  nnd  ^iiile  on  board. 

1^.  r.ona])arte  and  siiiie  arrives  off  Plymo?ith 
in  the  l?cllerophon: — Bonaparte  at  first 
sipht  of  En.q-land  exclaimed,  "Eunin, 
voila  ce  bean  pays!"  (At  length  here  is 
that  beavitif'nl  conntry.) 

22.  Writes  a  letter  to  the  prince  regent  claim- 
ing'his  protection. 
Augusts.  Bonapane  i.s  taken  oiT  the    IJeI!crop!ion 
and  sent  to  London,  with  one  of  lils  gen- 
erals, under  a  strong  military  escort. 

4.  All  his  pi'operty  confiscated  by  the  British 

govennncnt. 
—  .-lie  ir.  taken  on  board  the  Northumberland 
and  sails  for  St.  Helena,  (an  island  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  twenty  miles  in  circum- 
fei-eice,  belun<rin^  to  tlie  British  East 
Indi.u  Company)  by  order  of  the  allied 
powers. 


FT{0'>r  TEir  LEXixciTOX  REror.TEn. 

^iyrtrnct  of  a  latter  from  n  gentleman    residing-  near 

Boston,  to  his  friend  in  Kentuctcy. 

The  emperor  Xapoleou  touched  at  Madeira  while 
I  was  there,  in  August,  on  liis  way  to  St.  ficlena.  He 
did  not,  liovvever,  come  oi\  >.l lore,  nor  was  an}' per- 
son, except  the  British  consul,  allowed  to  go  on 
board  t!ie  vessel  he  was  in,  viz.  the  Northumberland 
^4 — t!ie  pirate  Cflckburn  commander;  havin^^  in 
company  one  frigate,  seven  men  of  war,  gun  brigs, 
and  two  troop  ships,  with  the  53d  regiment  1400 
strong,  commanded  by  colonel  Bingham,  who  had 
charge  of  the  royal  prisoner.  The  fleet  remained 
two  or  three  days,  some  at  anchor,  others  laying  off 
and  on  tlie  harbour  of  Funchal,gotofrsome  bullocks, 
refreshments,  wine,  &c.  and  went  to  sea, 

I  saw  several  of  the  officers  belonging  to  the 
squadron  and  to  tlie  5.3d  regiment.  They  had  no 
animosity  against  the  emperor  or  his  suite,  but  spoke 
of  him  in  friendly  terms;  every  man  in  the  fleet 
seemed  to  be  partial  to  him;  though  it  was  wliis- 
pered  thatCockbnrn  was  not  disposed  to  treat  liim 
as  a  superior.  Some  of  the  efiicers  oflered  to  make 
▼ery  unequal  bets,  for  instance,  "a  hat  fidl  of  gui- 
neas to  five,"  that  within  two  years,  they  siiould  be 
escorting  him  back  to  Europe  with  a  larger  force, 
and  more  pomp  than  tliey  were  new  carrying  him 
out  with.  The  evening  before  the  fleet  arrived  ofl' 
Funchel  (the  port  town  of  Madeii^)  ths  emperor 
Mronfrom  Cockburn  250  pounds  sterling,  at  piquet, 
a  game  he  often  amuses  himself  with  on  board  the 
ship.  I  was  told  there  was  nothing  done  on  board 
tlie  ship  or  in  the  fleet  which  came  to  his  know  ledge, 
Init  he  investigated  i*^,  and  wished  to  know  the  rea- 
sons why,  wherefore,  and  how  of  all  the  particulars, 
even  to  tiie  splicing  of  a  rope,  the  maneuvering  the 
■ship,  he. 

He  will  not  speak  English,  nor  allow  any  conver- 
sation to  be  held  in  tliat  language  in  his  faniiiy,  of 
thirty  three  jiersons:  all  comnumiv-ations  to  liiin  or 
them,  he  requires  to  be  m  French.  If  a  note  to  him 
ia  in  English,  lie  has  it  trasislatcd  into  Frencli  be- 
fore  he  will  reply  to  it;  he  even  cari-ies  this  so  far 
as  to  return  an  English  note  to  be  made  into  French 
before  he  will  notice  it.  This  was  the  onlv  thing- 
■fhat  I  heard  objected  against  him.  The  Eng-lisii 
thought  he  carried  his  contempt  of  their  Jung'u.ige 
farther  than  good  manners  admitted. 

The  English  have  retained  allliis  immense  fn-o- 
f  erty,  giving  him  leave  to  make  any  distribu'.ion  of 


5B0K    THR    BHlTIsn   TUVtVUTL. 

ST.  HELENA. 
St.  Helena  seems  to  have  been  one  of  those  pro- 
visions for  the  future  uses  of  mankind,  which  some- 
times lead  to.but  oftener  follow  -great  improvements 
in  the  history  of  hum^s  intercourse.  Mounl;'ins 
impregnated  with  iron  and  gold,  at  an  immeiisc  dis- 
tance from  inhabited  lands,  bays  and  noble  harbors 
thickly  set  upon  coasts  that  have,  from  the  deluge, 
seen  nothing  but  seals  and  tin-tie,  are  indication.'? 
that  tliose  .spots  were  intended,  from  the  original 
formation  of  the  globe,  for  a  time  when  commerce 
and  population  were  to  roll  in  upon  them,  and  the 
mountaiiis  and  the  port  to  give  their  share  to  ih« 
happiness  of  the  world.     If  St.    Helena   had  becii 

e 


known  to  the  navigators  of  Tj're  or  Carthage,  w 
should,  probably,  have  heard  of  tlie  direct  passag-e 
to  India  by  some  advcntiu'ous  wanderer,  and  the  re- 
nown of  Greece  and  the  power  ot  Rome  have  given 
way  before  the  fortune  which  had  made  llie  iner- 
chant  s.ate  tlie  inheritor  ©f  he  most  precious  trade 
of  the  eardi.  St.  Helena  seems  to  have  been  placed 
in  almost  the  centre  of  the  passage,  at  once  as  ft 
res- ing  place  ami  an  inciteinenu  to  further  discove- 
ry, about  a  thousand  miles  to  the  southward  of  tlie 
line,  and  about  a  thousand  from  t!ie  west  coast  of 
Africa.  From  its  great  elevation  and  the  puritv  of 
its  atmosphere,  it  is  seen  at  tiie  immense  distance 
of  from  70 1«  8J  miles.  Its  first  view  is  singular, 
and  discriminates  it  from  any  of  the  forms  which  S3 
often  rise  at  sea  in  fog  and  vapor;  a  blue  mountain, 
ragged  and  depressed  at  its  extremities,  light  hriglit 
films  resting  on  the  summit  of  tlie  mountain,  tiie 
coast  starthig  up  abruptly  from  the  water,  and  the 
whole  having  the  aspect  of  an  extinguished  volcano. 
The  history  of  the  island  is  brief  Its  discovery 
was  due  to  the  Poriuguese,  the  great  discoverers  in 
the  .Ethiopic.  Tiiey  fell  in  with  it  on  the  day  of 
he  feast  of  St.  Helena,  tlie  21st  of  May,  IJOS. — 
Tlie  negligence  of  the  Portuguese  lefi  it  to  their 
rising  rivals  in  trade,  and  the  English  settled  the 
island  in  1660.  Tiie  Dutch  scarcely  less  active,  and 
then  beginning  to  be  powerful,  seized  it  by  surprise 
thir'een  years  aftei'. 

The  English  returned,  and  in  1674  retook  the 
island,  with  ail  the  shipping  wliicli  tlie  Uutcli  had 
put  in  there  on  their  homeward  voyage.  Tiiis  was 
at  least  enougii  of  human  hostility  tor  a  spot  in  tlie 
centre  c .'  the  ocean,  but  ten  miles  long,  between  six 
and  seven  broad,  and  measuring  in  its  circumference 
but  twenty-three  miles.  But  as  a  resting  place,  it 
was  interesting  to  the  trade  which  has  been  alwa\-s 
an  object  of  ambition;  it  abounded  witii  excellent 
water,  it  had  turtle  and  fish,  and  was  by  nature  al- 
most impregnable.  The  face  of  the  island  is  ex- 
cer-dlngly  irregular,  deep  cll,Ts,  wlid  rocks,  and 
patches  of  vegetation  hid  'v.\  hasins  of  basalt.  TLie 
hills  on  the  shore  rise  from  8U0  to  IIQO  feet;  tlioic 
of  the  interior  spring  up  higher.  The  most  elevated  ' 
ridge  runs  from  soudi  west  to  north  e.st,  and  Dia- 
na's Peak  i-i  above  the  level  of  tlie  oce-m  269i  feet. 
This  ridge  forms  a  species  of  table  land,  and  is  i.i- 
ter=;jersed  wiUi  small  vallics,  irrigated  wiLh  t!:& 
constant  moisture  from  the  clouds  on  the  summii, 
and  covered  v.iih  a  deep  and  velvet  pasture.- 
The  general  appearance  of  the  island  conveys  the 
idea  of  the  action  of  fire  at  some  remote  j>eriod. 
'flie  broken  surface,  the  wild  and  spiry  siiapes  of 
sudden  chri-^tallization,  the  strong  and  deeply  de(i- 
uej  hues,  Euptil)  reds,  broad  g-roens,  Saiiquine  pur- 
pies,  and  all  that  ricU  and  fantastic  variousneus  ot" 
colour,  so  often  enamelled  en  rocks  viirlficd  in  the 
furnaces  of  the  voicano!  sliow  to   what  source  tlie 


at  by  bequest,  he  may  th'.nk  proper,   and  T^kJjIa^'.isliiid  is  to  be  traced.     Tlie  circumference  is  a  line 
th«ai"rlro  19}^  it  rrii  after  i«B  4««««Ke.  »t'  steep  precipices^  ^'fj^^  ^]'  ^^i9^  VKiSfip  V\d 


ig*        SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  RE^^ISTKR— NAPOLEON  BONAPARTfi. 


almost  totallj^  formed  of  beds  of  rock.  The  hills  of 
the  interior,  chiefly  covered  with  clay,  are  verdu- 
Fous  and  luxuriant.  The  central  ridg'e,  sh  .ped  into 
pe;.kj  and  .slender  eminences,  is  one  displ  ly  oi"  lierb- 
ap^e  and  plants  chiefly  foreign  to  Europe.  Lower 
down  appear  arg-illaceous  liills,  with  conical  sum- 
mits, perfectly  naked,  liut  tinprcd  with  the  mas! 
brilliant  touches  o!"coloin-ing.  F[ac;e  masses  of  de- 
tached rock,  of  several  hundred  feet  high,  are  seen 
rejli;:g  among  the  valiJes  of  the  second  region. 
Below  this  sweeps  tlic  iron  frontier,  a  circle  of 
bhtck,  rude,  burnt  rocks,  sWttered  and  torn,  and 
"ttitliout  the  least  appearance  of  vegetation.  All 
that  belongs  to  this  little  island  partakes  of  the  ro- 
mantic. Its  place  in  the  centre  of  f.n  unfathomable 
sea,  lonely,  and  shut  out  from  the  world  by  that 
length  of  waves,  scarcely  strikes  the  eye  with  more 
Surprise  than  the  discovery  of  its  town. 

On  approaching  tlie  coast  nothing  is  seen  but  dc- 
sol.-'tion,  and  at  once  on  rotmding  the  point  of  tlie 
harbour,  a  handsome  tawn  rises,  batteries  £tretcli 
along  the  heights,  Hags  are  waving,  ships  at  anchor, 
imd  the  whole  variety  and  bustle  of  European  life 
spreads  before  the  stra!\ger,  who  has  for  weeks  or 
months  together  seen  nothing  but  sea  and  sky. — 
James''Town,  thf:  residence  of  the  government,  lies 
sn  James'  Valley,  on  the  north  wrest  .side  of  the 
island,  tolerably  btlilt  and  neat  in  its  appearance. 
The  entrance  of  tlie  valley  is  crossed  by  a  fortifted 
line;  after  passing- this  by  a  draw -bridge,  the  town 
is  entered  by  a  gateway,  under  a  rampart,  which 
forms  one  side  of  a  ]>arade  of  about  100  feet  square. 
The  governor's  house  and  main  guard  room  fill  the 
leftside  of  the  parade.  Tlie  garrison  church,  a  tole- 
rable building,  fronts  the  gateway,  the  principal 
Bti-eet  commences  between  it  and  the  company's 
garden.  This  street,  which  will  scarcely  remind 
Bonapatte  of  the  Rue  de  Rivoii,  is  of  only  twenty 
houses,  but  those  contain  all  the  noblesse  of  the  set- 
*lement»  Two  branches  run  from  it,  one  to  the 
oast,  Ic'iding  into  the  country  en  that  side,  the  other 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  \'alley,  tiie  barracks  and  the 
hospital.  'I'he  principal  shopkeepers  have  fixed 
themselves  in  this  street. 

T  is  article  has  extended  to  the  full  length  of  our 
limits;  we  shall  probably  renew  the  descrijjtion  in 
©ur  next  publication. 

There  is  but  one  circumstance  which  we  shall 
now  notice,  from  its  connection  with  the  probabili- 
ties of  escape.  James'  town  is  the  only  station  off 
which  a  ship  can  lie  at  anchor  for  any  length  of 
time,  but  the  coast  is  not  uniformly  precipitous. 
Small  vallies  with  sandy  beaches,  run  in  the  inter- 
vals to  the  sea,  and  there  is  no  imaginable  precaution, 
short  of  actual  confinement,  which  can  guard 
figainst  escape  by  those.  A  boat  cm  be  sent"^from 
any  ship  at  anchor,  to  wait  for  tlie  fugitive,  and  on 
liis  going  on  board,  there  is  noUiing  to  pravcnt  her 
slipping  off  at  once  to  sea. 


A  DESCRJPTION  or  ST.  HELEVA. 

To  the  EJiCor  of  ihs  Democratic  Press. 

SIR — St.  Helena -is  situated  In  the  midst  of  the 
Southern  or  Ethioplo  ocean,  and  Is  ilie  most  dis- 
tant island  from  the  continent  of  any  in  t'.ie  known 
world,  its  extreme  length  don't  exceed  nine  miles, 
and  its  circumference  nearly  twenty  seven,  as  it  is 
nearly  round.  All  the  EngUsli  E  ist'lnJia  ships  stop 
here  in  their  way  liome,  and  are  very  cautious  for 
fear  of  mis  iing  such  a  .speck  in  the  ocean.  St.  Hele- 
na lies  in  a  most  temperate  and  agreeable  climate, 
the  S.  E.  trade  winds  blowing  there  the  whole  vear 
t^^jad,  rejiilers  flie  <«'??  ro?l^  plweatitand  h«:vlthv. 


1  his  island  is  perfectly  exempt  from  thunder  or 
lightning  and  is  refre.siied  by  liglit  fljlng  showers, 
which  produce  a  quick  vegeration,  as  well  as  a  con- 
tinued verdure.  It  displays  a  most  dreary  and  un- 
comforlabie  prospect  from  tlie  sea,  of  high  cragg}' 
rocks,  many  of  whose  summits  are  hidden  in  the 
clouds,  ar.d  many  of  them  projecting  over  their  base 
o*"a  dark  brick  colour. 

Tlie  only  two  landing  places  on  this  island  are 
fijpKR-r's  and  james's.  Ttiere  are  beside  these  two 
landing'  places  .a  siTiall  place  called  Sandy  Bay, 
where  boats  in  very  calm  weather  might  land,  but 
this  is  defended  below  by  a  strong  battery,  and  on 
the  lieignts  are  another  from  wnich  a  body  of  men 
wit(!  small  arms,  and  by  rolling  down  stones  would 
uliimaicly  destroy  any  "number  of  men  that  would 
attempt  to  fbi-cc  a  lauding.  '  Ihqwt's  v,x\\tyiA  not 
irihabited,  except  by  soldiery,  having  no  fi-esh  \vater. 
In  Jarnes'  or  C/iapel  valley  stands  Jamestown  the  re- 
sidence of  tiie  governor.  This  Aalley,  by  my  obser- 
vations, which  1  paid  great  attention  to,  lies  in  lati- 
tude ]  5,  5.5  south,  and  longitude  5  deg.  50  min. 
west  from  the  meridian  of  Greenwich.  Its  fort  de- 
fends the  valley  by  a  very  strong  battery  of  32  and 
44  pounders,  and  is  flanked  by  a  high  and  in  ccessa- 
ble  valley  upon  a  rock  on  the  larboard  liand,  called 
the  JNIuudi-ns,  in  bono/  of  admiral  Munden,  who 
took  the  island  from  the  Dutch  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  second.  There  is  but  one  street  in  tliis 
town  of  James,  and  t!iat  is  in  the  very  depth  of  tlie 
valley  and  nearly  lialf  a  mile  long,  and  on  each  si  'e 
are  very  beau  iful  and  elegant  frame  iiouses  jjiin  ed 
white.  A.  the  steep  end  is  a  very  pleasant  walk 
between  two  rows  of  trees,  I  took  ihem  to  be  beach, 
but  they  are  in  bloom  all  the  year  round 

On  the  rigiu  side  of  the  valley  is  a  sleep  prornon- 
otaty,  called  ladder  hill,  which  sOU  will  see  by  the 
!iur'<ey  Ihave  mad?  ti-om  the  sliip  in  the  roads,  i  is 
perhaps  900  feet  hlgii,  with  many  guns  slung  in 
chains  and  in  hooks  like  untoGlbraltiu*.  On  the  left 
is  i.nother  mountain  of  stupendous  height,  but  not 
so  stee,),  there  is  a  winding  path  on  its  side  by 
which  we  had  excess  to  go  inio  the  upper  country; 
and  when  arrived  at  '.he  level  of  tlic  island  ihe  pros- 
pect was  most  dellglitful,  but  teriificr  wlien  v/e  look- 
ed down  on  the  sea-beaten  rock^;.  Fiom  a  rude  bar- 
ren brirk  colored  rock  you  now  view  t!ie  most  lively 
verdure,  beautiful  lawns,  shrubberies,  and  lu.ud- 
scapes. 

Tliis  Island  mi\\  belongs  to  the  East  India  company, 
who  generally  keep  about  "00  soldiers  in  tlieir  pay, 
but  this  force  is  not  near  sufficient  in  case  of  an  at- 
tack, but  every  man  without  exception  are  trained 
lo  arms,  (as  we  ought  to  be  in  the  United  Spates)  and 
p.u'ties  apj)oiiited  to  pasts  oralarui  \\hic:i  lliey  occu- 
py with  great  alertiicss  w'nen  a  signal  is  made  I'roni 
mount  Dian:i.  On  t'.iii  raount  there  is  a  Ijykout- 
liouse  with  6  cannon  24  pounders  mounted,  in  war 
time  when  a  ship  is  first  dssci  led  lo  windward  two 
guns  are  fired,  tliii  Is  called  a  sltipi-le  alarm,  immedi- 
ately t!ie  drums  beat  to  arms  atid  every  man  t::kes 
die  post  as  assl^ied  him.  li"  more  tliau  one  sliip. 
heaves  in  sight  there  is  agun  ti,-eJ  for  c.icli  o;ic.  Every 
man,  white,  black,  maiaye  or  lascar  must  stand  by 
his  post,  uvitil  t!ie  governor  gives  a  telegrapiiic  sig- 
nal from  ladder  iiil!  to  return  to  their  homes  again., 
All  ships  to  whatever  nation  they  may  belong,  oi> 
their  ajiproach  to  the  anchoring  ])lace,  must  first 
send  their  boat  asiicre  to  fort  IMunden  for  leave  to 
anchor,  if  not,  thc'y  will  be  fired  upon  instantly.  Af- 
ter reporting  the  sliip  and  nation  to  the  governor,  if 
he  thinks  jirojier,  he  will  send  a  pass  signed  to  tlie 
fort,  and  permission  will  be  then  granted  to  anchor. 
Without  this  all  the  batt-ries  would  thunder  down 
witj^  BV;pb.  a^ratjit^g'e  (rtm  ^J§f  ^h  *a4  *'^**py  F ^ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— NAPOLEON  BONAPARTfe.        13'|f. 


ciplces,  that  a  fleet  of  men  of  \Tar  ooulsl  not  do  any  'suite  a  fe.w  shirts  for  im  mediate  use.    He  had  harcf- 
execiition  :(i;'aia.s!  them.  |  ly    siuled  wJieu   the  attention   of  govei-nmeni   wag 

Whilst  in  St.  Helena  I  met  with  a  namesake  of  drawn  to  the  consideration  of  his  futm-e  wants.— 
rnineT\hokept  a  very  extensive  ijrewery,  and  throLig'h  Our  inhospitali  y  was,  under  the  exigency  of  the 
bis  iniroducLi<»n  amongst  his  acquaintance  I  had  case,  to  be  limited  to  our  own  island,  and  it  was  afe 
many  invitations  to  spesid  tl»e  evening'  I  accepted  I  lengtli  specially  determined,  by  the  express  order  of 
of  as  many  as  was  coavtr.ien',  and  I  must  confes:^,  I    the  prince  reg'ent,  that  the  modem  Tuemistocles^ 


never  was  among'  people  in  any  clime  who  appeared 
to  mc  to  be  more  friendly  andjiolile  wJUiout  affecta- 
tion. The  g'reat  quantity  as  well  as  the  richness  of 
the  pr»sturaje  diffused  over  the  face  of  the  island, 
make  beef  and  mutton  extremely  plenty.  Another 
reason  for  whicli  is  tiie  quickness  of  their  growth, 
so,  that  the  oxen  are  E^eiicrally  killed  at  two  and 
three  ye,n-s  old,  and  are  tlien  equal  in  size  to  English 
oxen  of  five  years.  Tiiey  liave  abundance  o*  poultry, 
good  Iii.sh  potatoes;  the  growth  of  the  Inland,  plenvy 
ofyams,  oranges,  lemons,  grapes,  figs,  apples,  &.c. 
S;c.  &c. 

As  ships  meet  with  good  refreshinent  at  St.  He- 
lena tlicir  sick  speedily  recover  from  the  scurvy. 
There  is  a  good  hospital  there  also,  and  plenty  ol 
Cl'ood  rock  water,  but  wood  is  scarce.     One  watering 


who  sctiglit  rellige  from  fate,  under  his  royal  high- 
ncss's  proteciion,  should  be  furnished  in  his  banish- 
m«ntwith  evcry-possible  gcatification  and  comfort 
which  the  taste  and  titness  of  an  ample  supply  fop 
his  domestic  cconoray  was  calculated  to  afford.  In 
furtherance  of  his  royiil  highiiess's  command,  an  or- 
der, alike  wordiy  o  the  high  station  of  the  donoi* 
and  the  intended  object  of  its  application,  was  lasft 
month  issued  by  earl  lUtiiui-st,  to  one  of  themostt 

tas»efid  and  ingeuiei's  artists  of  the  metropolis. » 

Tuis  order  comprised  every  species  of  furniture,  lin- 
en, glass  \vare,  clothes,  music,  and  musical  instru- 
menis,  which  Bonaparte  and  the  whole  of  his  suit* 
can  possibly  want  for  a  period  of  more  than  thre& 
yeai  s.  The  directions  for  it  were  given  in  the  most 
ample  and  unrestricted  sense — no  price  in  tlie  first 


?->lace  is  at  .Tanteslown  fort,  with    a  crane  to  strike  Unstance  fix«d,  no  par  icular  quality  of  articles  see- 


tlie  c;  sk  in  and  out  of  the  boat,  but  there  is  another 
and  hetler  watering  ]ilac£  in  Lomon  valley,  where 
you  ]na}'  fill  tiie  water  in  the  boat  with  an  hose  in 
dcspight  of  ilie  surf,  it  is  liowever  a  little  fartlier  to 


ciiied,  the  waole  were  to  be  made  up  in  a  style"  of 
pure  and  simple  elegance,  witli  tiiis  only  reservation 
— tliat  in  no  instance  should  any  ornament  or  initial 
creep  into  the  decorations  wiiich  would  be  likely  to 


irown    up    in   tempestuous    weatner,  notwit:isian-]mQe»aiigaD!e  exertions  ot  tour  hundred  men,  it  ha» 
ing  its  height  above  thesurfaceof  the  sea.     It  may  been  finisned  in  the  giren  period,  and  in  great  part 
ot  be  unworthy   remark,   that   the  sun   at  rising  [packed  up  for  Immediate  conveyance  to  Plymouth 
on't  shine  on  the  town,  until  9  o'clock,  and  the  de-i'>i'here  a  ti'ansport  is  in  vvaitJng  to  receive  it.     Tii» 


fctcii  it.  The  average  height  of  the  island  onthejrecal  to  the  mind  of  Bonaparte  the  former  ambk- 
sc'iboartl,  is  j  hout  oO'J  or  400  perpendicular  feet,  iniatical -appendages  of  his  imperial  rank.  The  or-, 
and  on  the  top  are  vast  beds  of  sand  which  are  jder  waj  to  be  completed  within  six  weeks,  and  by  the 
thrown  up  in  tempestuous  weatiier,  notwitnstan-ji'idefatigabie  exertions  of  four  liundred  men,  it  ha» 
dir 
sot 
<lon' 

dining  sun  witiidraws  hisra_\s  by  the  siiadow  of  lad- j  whole  has  been  executed  in  British  materials;  th(i. 
derliiil  at  4,  or  half  past  4,  P.M.  The  distance 'chairs  and  tables  r.re,  in  general,  formed  of  the  fi«. 
across  tiie  valley  from  one  liili  to  the  other  don'tj'-st  Brltisli  oak,  inlaid  witli  polished  brass;  tlie 
exceed  7  furlongs.  There  'arc  4  store  ships  constantly  j  breakfast  service  is  of  Wedgewortii's  most  beautiful 
employed  by  the  F.ast  India  company  from  England  paie  composition,  witli  a  white  cameo  device  in  re-  - 
and  Irel^nd'that  supply  this  island  with  the  iuxm-ies  ,  liet;  modelled  by  Flaxman,  in  his  best  style;  tlie  din- 
cf  Europe.  jiier  service  is    white  and  gold,  the  centre  of  each 

There  ave  veiyextenslveshops  in  Jamestown  prin- ipiate,  dish,  &c.  containing  an  elegantly  executed 
elpally  stored  with  China  and  India  goods,  Tnese  laiidscapeot  Britislt  scer.ery;  the  glass,  and  of  the- 
goods  arc  sold  to  tiie  oflicers  and  crews  of  the  India-  finest  quality,  is  plainly,  but  elegantly  cut,  witli  a 
men,  just  to  raise  the  wind  as  it  is  termed,  being  aifancv  border  of  stars,  supported  by  fluted  pillars,;- 
part  or  the  whole  of  their  adventures.  Tiie  papula- 1  "die  talde  cloths,  napkins,  &c.  are  of  the  finest  da- 
tion  in  my  opinion  may  be  aboui  3000  white  people;!  mask;  the  evening  service  is  white  and  gold;  the 
English,  Irish  and  Scoicli  families,  and  some  Frer.ch  imperial  plate  rendered  it  unnecessary  to  furnisk 
famiiie-:,  besides  Hindoos,  Lascars,  and  some  Chi- ^  him  with  a  service  of  our  own  manufacture;  but  a 
Tiese. — ^The   protestant  chui'«ii   is    the    established  few  dozens  of  spoons,  and  other  minor  articles  of 


ciiurch,  and  of  course  is  predominant. 


C.  0.  c. 


LosDo^s^,  October  23. 
KorsF,  Ayn  ftth-Mturf,  for  honapahteo 
The  rumors  tliat  Bonaparte  liad,  on  the  eve  of  his 
^cpa-ture  for  St.  Helena,  provided  himself  and  suiie 
wi  h  a  varietv  of  costly  articles  of  lurniture  for 
fiMiire  use,  are  total!}-  unfounded.  The  exiled  cap- 
-tive  sailed  from  England  with  few  accommodations, 


that  description,  to  meet  the  wear  and  tear  of  do- 
mestic  accidents,  form  a  part  of  the  present  supplv.- 
Tiie  curtains  and  cushions  are  of  light  blue  silk, 
with  a  black  border,  and  small  black  wreaths. 
Some  are  of  blue,  wiui  a  rich  border.  Both  the  col- 
ors and  stiye  of  this  part  of  the  furniture,  and  in- 
deed of  tlie  whole,  ai-e  admirably  suited  to  tlie  cli> 
male  for  which  they  are  intended.  There  is,  if  we 
may  use  the  expression,  a  gi'ateful  coolness  in  the 
toue  and  quality  both  of  the  materials    and  decora- 


either  for  his  voy.ige  or  subsequent  necessities,  |  tions,  wliicii  is  fi:;ely  suited  for  internal  ornament 
beyond  those  immediately  furnished  for  his  passage  1  under  an  eastern  almosjihere.  In  Bon  iparte's  wear- 
while  on  board.  The  only  property  of  value  whicii  jingajiparel,  his  favorite  CDlor  (dark  green^  has  beet* 
he  was  able  to  reserve  at  his  departure  from  France,  j  preserved — shirts,  cravats,  pocket  liandKerciiiets, 
consisted  of  the  imperial  plate,  and  an  admirable  |  boots,  slioes,  and  stockings,  of  every  descripion 
library.  No  orders  were  eidier  applied  for,  or  exe-jare  also  provided  for  him.  His  friends  and  suite  are 
cutcd  at  Plymouth,  when  he  s.dled,  as  has  been  er-inoless  attended  to — they  are  equally  to  be  furnislied 
roneously  stated,  and  thetrifliiig  purchases  made  by}  witli  suitable  equipments.  A  piano-forte,  and  some 
his  suite,   were  ciiiefly  confined  to    a  few  jjac.ks  oi  articles  of  dress,  are  provided  lor    Madame  Ber- 


cards  and  chess  boards,  by  the  desire  of  madame 
Bertrand.  So  completely  unpro^-ided  was  the  ex- 
emperor  for  a  long  voyage,  that  wiien  his  linen  was 
sent  ashore  to  be  washed  and  made  up,  he   v.'as  un- 


trand 

To  meet  JJie  difiictdly  of  procuring  for  Bonaparte 
H  suitable  residence  r.t  St.  Helena,  the  architect  (or 
tiie   ordi-aiice  dt-p.irt'i;ent  has  neu'ly  coinpletetl,  ;,[ 


d-CT  t!ie  necesiity  «.f  Jbwi'QW.ing-  tirv.W    .^^.^o'^g  h.i?  V.'aojwich,  nwt  a  v;ooden  hause^  aii'.us  been  nje.i. 


iM        SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGIS  TErtr-NAPOLEON  EaNA?A?vT& 


tioncd,  buta  limber  frame  wo i-k,  f(.r  a  bnildine:  to 
be  erected  on  tlie  island,  in  the  cottage  style.  IL  will 
consist  oi  twenty-four  rof)ms,  the  g-ener;d  size  oi' 
eacii  will  be  about  twemy-five  feet  by  eijLueen;  and 
this  architectural  skeleton  will  accompany  the  fur- 
niture already  menvioned,  so  tlia^  in  a  very  sliort 
space  of  time  a  complete  residence  will  be  formed 
ibr  the  ex-empercv  and  his  suiie,  amply  calculiriied 
for  accommodation,  ease  and  elegance. 

Some  ornaments  composed  of  green  Anglesea 
marble,  are  also  in  preparation.  It  is  right  lo  add, 
thai  the  exti'aordinai-y  man  for  whom  tlii.s  extensive 
order  is  fit  in g  up,  has  no  knowledj^e  whuisoever  oi' 
tije  preparations  which  are  furnishing  tor  him. 

October  24. — \  esterday  we  presenied  our  readers 
with  an  outline  of  the  orders  given  by  government 
for  the  establishment  ot  lionaparie  at  Sl.  Helena.— 
W'e  this  day  furnish  the  details,  so  fi*r  as  they  iiave 
been  completed,  by  that  able  and  ingenious  artist, 
Mr.  George  Bullock,  to  wiiose  buperiutendance  llie 


polished  in  the  very  highest  degree  of  perfect  loft. 
'I'iie  pier  table  is  of  tiie  same  timber  and  qn.^li  y, 
inlaid  with  a  Sjlab  of  the  verJ  an.iqiit  marble  o.  -Mo- 
na,  from  ]Mr.  Bullock's  quarry  a  A^g!e^ea,  the  oidy 
jjlace  at  which  tliis  precious  material  is  now  iound, 
andsurmountedby  a  piei-  glass,  with  a  frame  oi'  Ixiiil 
and  ebony.  The  chairs  in  tuis  apait  in  eat  cones  poiid 
with  the  tables.  There  are  also  two  Greek  :>o.'as 
with  loot  stools:  tliese  are  peculi.iriy  elegant,  Ijfci'  .< 
enriched  with  hignly  fmislied  er  n;o/a  oniaments. 
The  carpets  are  of  tfie  Iiru  sels  texture,  in  sludes 
of  ohvt,  brown  and  amber,  colours  finely  calculated- 
to  harmonize  witii  llie  tone  of  decorations,  in  liic 
room.  The  walls  arc  of  light  tims  of  s:i;,;'e  grei-n, 
with  beatiful  ornamented  pannels  in  Arabescpie 
gold. — The  colors  it  will  be  observed,  ascend  from 
the  darker  siiades  upon  the  ground,  uir.ii  Cwaw  ue 
lost  in  the  cream  color  of  tlie  ceilhig.  This  produ- 
ces a  harmony  in  the  decorations,  which  '\n  in  die 
nighest  degree  elegant.     One  of  the  (h"n\ing  room 


wliole  of  this  most   extensive  order  was   connded,  recesses    is  filled  up  by  si   pinno  fore,  and   a   few 
with  a  latitude  of  dis  retion    for    tlie   selection  oi  tasteiui  chandeliers  and candelabr^is  are occasionallc 


the  materials,  tlieir  munuiacture  and  subsequent  ar- 
r ang em et,  fully  warranted  by  the  ack^iovviedged  re- 
putation an. ;  taste  which  this  gentleman  Ijas  uiiiver- 
^ally  acquired  in  the  extcnsivu  v/alk  of  fasaionabie 
decoration. 

The  House. — We  have  already  stated  that  the 
frame  work  for  the  hou.se  is  nearly  completed  at 
AVoolwich.     The  front  is  in  the  pure  simplicity  of 


inaoduced  witli  a  pleasing  eiTect. 

Thii  Jiiuiiig-room. — A  neatly  hnishtd   table,  sup- 
ported by  sub.siantial  claws  and  piil^rs,  capable  of 


being  divided  to  suit  .■,  co 


nipan\  o 


f  from  t.ix  to  four- 


teen. Tue  sideboard  intended  for  tiie  imi)erial 
plate  is  of  a  new  form,  ptire  and  simple  in  its  con- 
struciion  awd  decoration.  Tlie  wine-cooler  is  of 
bronze  and  rich  wood,  and  shaped  .ifier  the  f.tshioa 


the  Grecian  style.     It   is  about  120  feet  in  leng  li,  [of  the    ^Jreek  bacchanalian   vases.     The  chairs  are 

containing  fourteen  w  indows  and  a  fine  oj)en  corn- 

dore.     Tue  depth  of  the  buiklmg  is  about  lUO  feet, 

with  a  back  corridore,   almost   making  tue  whole 

structure  square.     It  is  two  stories  high,  and  will 

have  an  elegant  cottage  appearance.     TiiC  ground 

iloor  of  the  right  division  ot  llie  iiouse  coniains  iJo- 

ihipiU'tc's  apartments.     In  Uie  centre  of  tnis  wing  is 


plain.  Tiie  curtains  are  of  lavender-coloured  si!k, 
with  a  rich  black  bonier,  relieve'l  by  a  gold  co- 
loured silk  lace  and  cord.  Tne  carpet  and  walls 
are  shaded  with  the  same  colours,  falling  into  blues, 
with  a  black  and  brown  relief;  the  latter,  of  various 
hues,  pervade  the  room. 

The  Library. — This  apartment  is  fitted  up   in  the 
ills    drawing-room,    which,    as   well   as    the  otiKr|]?ti-uoe>ui  style,  with  a  number  of  dwarf  book -cases 


xparLmetits  tor  his  accommodation,  is  spacious,  be- 


ing about  tnirty  feet  in  length,  by  a  breadth  of 
twenty.  Tliis  proportion  runs  Uirougli  the  wiioie. 
jNcxt  is  his  dining  lOom  Vvith  an  adjoining  iibrai-y, 
behind  which  i^  a  capacious  bdliaid  room. — ilis 
t/ed-roorn,  dressing-rouiii  and  bath  are  ot  coarse 
tonnccteil.  Tne  left  division  of  the  edifice  con- 
tains spacious  and  well  suited  apartments  tor  tne 
tiflicers  ot  his  suite.  Tlie  rear  comprise*  the  ser- 
vants' and  store-rooms.  'I'lie  kitcnen  is  somewhat 
euriously  constructed,  being  deiaclied  trom  the  re- 
gular building-,  and  yet  jjerfecily  couvenieiit  to  tlie 
♦lining  room,  without  coinmunicacing  any  oli'ensive 
fumes  to  theprincipal  range  ol  rooms.  Tnis  is  an 
improvement  of  no  small  value  in  a  sultry  climate, 
'j'he  iiall  IS  plain,  and  merely  furnished  witn  seals. 
'i'ne  coriido.e  will  ftu-nisli  u  cool  and  sliudod  pro 
jucnaile. 

Tlie  i'urniUive. — The  dravving  room   is   coloured 
with  various  sliades  ot  green — the  curtains  arepo- 
jviona  green,  made   of  light  silk  taboret,  bordered 
v;ith  full  green  velvet,  and  edgetl  v.'itli  gold  colour- 
ed silken  twist  or  gimp,  to  correspond.     The  greeii 
silk  torms   a  fine   ground  for  the    border— ^and  tlie 
.vtyle  in  fitting  up  the  liolstery  is   new,  ciuiste  and 
simple;  tiie  curtain  rings    arc   concealed    under  a 
matted  gold  curnice,   enclosing  tne   rod  on   which 
they  run.     Tlie  supporters  are  gilt  and  carved  pa- 
Iras,  and  the  green  vehet  folds  lorm  nuo  ihe  arclii- 
teclure  of  the    room  by   ialiing  in  straight  line-  at 
each  side  of  tjie  windovvs,  where  they  draw  smooth 
und  ciimpact,  v.-i'hout  interrupting   the  progress   oi 
ilioac  tivo   useful   but  often  exchided  properties  ot 
wdure,  air  and  light.     The  centre  table  is  firmed 
otu  af  o?!C  piece  oi  eix.quisiteij.'-veiHG4  ^rit-ish  ui«k. 


The  curtains  areofanew  ma  erial,  composed  of  cot-, 


ton,  wnich  produces  the  appearance  of  fine  ciotb. 
Tiie  library-  table  is  particularly  elegant,  and  me- 
chanical ingenuity  has  been  l.iboriou.s!)-  applied  to* 
furnisli  it  with  desks  r.nd  drawers,  suited  to  every 
convenience  of  study  and  accommudatioii 

The  silting  room. — This  chaiuber  is  fit'ied  up  wilk 
several  plaiii  cabinets,  formed  of  ebony,  inlaid  witit 
polished  brasg;  ihe  carpets  are  ctherial  blue,  inter- 
mingled wi\li  black. 

The  bed-room. — This  ap.artment  contains  a  IiigU 
canop)' beds uad,  wiih  curtains  of  fine  straw-colored 
muslin,  and  lilac  draperies  of  Persian,  the  en;  ire 
edged  widi  a  gold-colored  fringe  ornament.  Tiie' 
d.-essing  room  po.isesses  the  usu.il  conveniencies  re*- 
quired  by  taste  and  comfort.  Tne  adjoining  b.ith  is 
marl)ie-lined,  and  so  constructed,  that  it  cm  admit 
either  hotorcoid  water. 

Yesterday  we  described  the 'able  services.  They 
have  been  provided  by  Mr.Uuliock,  from  the  most 
eminent  manufacturers  in  the  kingdom,  and  consi<n. 
of  the  fairest,  though  not  the  most  extravagant 
specimens  of  our  own  proficiency  in  the  vario'-S 
walks  of  meciiHuibiTi  and  an.  Tiiere  is  one  break- 
fast set  of  ware,  one  dinner  set,  two  deserts,  one  of 
china,  the  otber  of  glasij,  cue  tea,  and  one  for  supp«r/ 
The  following  are  amovig  .he  principal  manufactiu**- 
ers  who  were  employed  to" assLst  in  providing- the 
expensive  and  hurried  order: 

IVlessrs.  Ilundleand  iliidge — '.'ac  pLite. 
I     ]{olton,  of  8oho,  tue  plated  goods. 

Parker  and  Perry,  of  Flee^  street,  the  gla}5. 
^Vetlgwocd.,  t!ie  music. 
■\V9rniscil  and  (ioot,  of  Leeds,  the  cloth- 
Stjuti»  of  t»erby.  tiie  hAiicry. 


SUPPLE:^!ENT  to  NILES'  KKGISTETl— letter  TO  LOUIS  XVIIL       IS7 


The  first  manufiicturers  at  Manchester— tiie  cot- 
ton and  Djiniask. 

Bennett  ol<:oleraine,  .-nul  nicharclso;-!,  of  Li.s'aurn 
—the  I'.-ish  li.icii  (oftliefii-st  qualhv.) 

Til*  sets  nf  China  were  selectc>l  fronri  different 
manufacuirers  tliroiighout  the  kingdom. 

An  immense  quail  itv  of  station  iry  will  also  be 
sent.  The  carc^o  will  weig'li  near  500  tons — ii:  will 
be  divided  into  i.hout  400  p.ackj.fi^'es,  and  several  ar- 
tisans are  to  accompany  it,  for  tlic  piirpo-c  of  fi. ting- 
up  the  establishment  at  its  destination. 

Tjiis  order  does  credit  to  g-,;veniinent,  and  tlie 
industry  and  taste  of  the  artist  emploved  upon  tlie 
.occasion  are  in  the  hi^i^hest  de;;reeiiraise  wortiiy. 


Jjttter  of  the  late  French  minisffrsto  the  kin^,  explain- 
inp  their  m<jth>e-t  for  their  rflirin'j- 
««SyTiE — Your  m^jesty  deis^ned  to  co  dide  to  us  the 
administration  of  your  empire,  when  the  wiiole  or 
Eui-opein  arms  occupied  tiic  northern  provinces, 
when  they  nitnaced  those  of  tiie  east  and  t'le  south, 
and  vvlien  civil  war  was  kindle!  and  di(T"ased  over 
the  west.     A  ;riumphant  faciion  which  was  res'iraii- 


'Ifwe  could  have  g-iven  this  direction  to  vot',;» 
miijesty's  g-ovemment,  l-'rencimien  would  have  bee;i 
united  in  heart  and  in  conduct  wvh  tiie  vvisiies  o-' 
their  king-;  tlieir  interests  would  have  been  conibini-. 
ded  with  ilie  g-Iory,  the  love  and  the  s:;;ety  of  ths-.' 
prince.  Tiiose  desires  and  tiiose  f;%nat'iCiil  passion. 
which  would  have  disturbed  an  order  o I  tiling's  s'. 
auspicious  to  t'ne  (general  g-ood  would  gradually  hav 
died  awav,  or  have  been  los:  in  the  emptiness  of  „i. 
InefTectdal  opposition. 

"Your  subjects  would  have  submitted  to  youv 
laws,  whatever  tiieii-  opinion  mi;.r'>t  l^.ave  been,  or 
t.ieir  former  condition  Tie  republic. at  or  Mte  im, 
pe.ial  par;yisno  lon(;-er  i.)  be  feare;';  the  m.ss  of 
the  nation  wish  onls  f)r  liberiv  and  tranquilit,'.  For- 
eign cabinets,  in  seeing  F'-enchmen  rallied  round 
'.our  tliroiie,  would  Ijave  limited  pretension,  which 
^hen  you  might  withstood. 

"The  consti  ution  having' rendered  us  responsible) 
for  the  acts  of  ycur  autiiori'x',  've  proposed  lo  regu- 
la'e  it  by  those  pri-.tciples  whicli  we  liave  here  un.. 
folded.  >  We  soin  had  lo  sti'uggle  witli  the  igno- 
rance, the  passions,  and  tiie  haired  of  tiie  person  -, 
wlio  surrounded  you;  ihev  soon  !)egin  o  in  er.neld'.' 
widi  tlie  government.  Orders  were  given,  and  ■.;■■.:  . 
sures  adopted,  in  which  -.ve  did  not  partici,)  ■, 
Royal  commissaries  wen  and  kindled  civil  \v.,.-  1. 
t;ie  provinces,  gave  arms  to  the  -ieditious,  direc  •  ■ 
thcii- fer.'icity  against  peaceful    ci  izep.s,  .md  s]ir.:c  , 


ed  but  no'  discouraged:  portions   of  the  population 

■who  had  become  indifferent  froui  tlie  excess  of  tlicir 

fears  or  their  suffeiings  to  any  events  W'lich  might 

enstic;  equ-ally  ready  to  support  altornatelv   tiie  fy- 

rannv  of  thef.iction  and   tlie  yoke  of  foreign   arms, 

until  some gre  ter  misfortimes  should  at  Ic'igth  uiiite  .     .,       _   .  .  , 

them  against  tlieir  oppressors;  such  has  been  the  sit- :  around  terror  and  dismay!     They  ».isily   succeed. 

ual  ion  of  the  kingdom  since  your  majesty's  return,    jin  this,  wien    liey  announced  liiat    ^in-eigne-s   we 

'•The  love  of  our  country  was  no  longer  to  be 
found,  but  under  the  tri-colored  flag.  Ttic  party 
v.'hicli  called  iliemselves  royalists,  proscribed,  in 
their  projects,  both  the  laws  and  the  men  who  did 
not  encourage  the  subversion  of  social  order.  Were 
France  buried,  beneath  her  own  ruins,  and  vour  ma- 


their  auxiliat-ies,  wiien  he,'  profaned  the  name  <■ 
_Vour  m.AJesty,  b)  invoking  it  in  tlieir  addresse),  u--.  :, 
when  in  the  souh,  whicii  foreigners  did  not  yet  f.  ■, 
cupy,  tliey  permitted  he  entr..nceof  eigiUy  ti;;)  i, 
sand  Spniiiards.  A  marshal  of  Fi-mce  was  murdc;-n 
ed  on  tlie  I)ink  of  i'le  Rhone,  and  his  assassins  weru 
jesty  reigned  only  over  desert  provinces,  this  party  |nei' her  apprenended  nor  pu  ■.isiiedi'  Whs  it  by  op, 
would  prefer  the  destruc-ion  of  tlie  glory,  the  i  pression  that  tlie  people  were  to  be  inspired  with  :. 
strength,  and  the  political  existence  of  France,  to  i  love  for  your  government:'  Outrage  soon  exten  led 
aecing  her  consoled  for  her  misfortunes,  and  regain- ;  iisel ';  in  some  cities  colors  were  displayed  v  'ic'. 
ing  li'er  losses  under  the  wise  and  liberal  laws  voucli-  j  were  not  those  ;f  your  m  jes'y.  Frenchmen  i  acm 
.saifed  by  \our  m.ijestv.  This  party  became  hostile  selves  wislied  to  dismember  your  kiii  ;dom,  .,nd  sep. 
in  the  west,  in  the  south,  and  in  the  north,  because  jarate  the  north  from  tiie  sou'h.  Tour  m.ijes.y  be, 
it  believed  itself  supported  by  authority.     Goodcit-   came  sensible  th  it  it  was  necessai-y  to  recai  to  the 


i/.ens,  waited  in  silence,  to  Iiear  tlie  voice  of  your 
majesty.  At  present  they  are  preptiring  their  arms 
in  Auvergne,  in  the  Cevennes,  in  the  \  osges,  in 
Franche  Comte,  and  in  Alsace. 

"You  cannot,  sire,  be  ig-norant  what  was  our  de- 
votion to  your  sacred  ]ierson;  we  had  partitken  of 
your  dangers,  your  misfortunes,  and  jour  exile;  we 
know  the  wishes  and  the  wan's  of  t!ie  French  peo- 
ple; ne  expressed  tliem  to  your  majesty  with  a 
respectful  candor.  You  seemed  to  listen  to  us;  and 
now  that  we  are  quitting  your  councils,  we  liope 
that  you  will  permit  us  to  recall  them  to  your  recol- 
lection. 

"Successive  revolutions  have  ciianged  the  condi- 
tions of  families,  have  overtlirown  the  fortunes  which 
they  had  amassed,  have  closed  up  the  paths  the\ 
had  opened,  iiave  tarnished  the  national  glory  which 
they  had  exalted;  but  these  revolutions  have  also 
taught  the  peojjle,  that  there  i^  no  happiness  tor 
them  except  under  a  steady  and  fixed  goveinment, 
bcc.iusethat  will  replace  the  conditions  of  families 
in  a  state  of  harmonv  with  existing  mariners,  because 
it  will  consolidate  existing  ibrtunes,  because  it  will 
permit  the  citizen-)  to  go  on  iii  that  career  Vvhich 
they  have  begun,  a,id  because  it  will  estublish  the 
national  iioiior  on  tlie  principles  of  imidterable  jus- 
tice; results  of  tiie  utmost  importinice  lo  the  nation, 
because  it  will  place  individuals  in  ihiit  naav^con- 
fVition  which  tlie  state  of  society  requires. 
Sui-rWMiyT  TO    \'oL.  IX. 


submission  the  blind  par. izans  of  a  cause  whose  h- 
gitimacv  was  ackno-vd edged!  Our  or  lers  wei-e    n  . 
listened  lo;  magistrates  wiioni  we  sent  in  your   not;  ■ 
were  sacrihccd,  by  tiiose  who  acted   in  the  n.inie  (.:' 
tlie  king;  we    remained   wi.hout  jio'.ver;    secret    i:. 
structions  rendered  all  our  eif^jrts  and  iuientions  tiii, 
availing-.     I'l  such  circumstances,  what  could  you-' 
majes  \'s  ministers  do;"     Tlieduke  o.  Otranio,  wh.'  ■• 
XajJOieon  slid  reigned,   iiad  succeeded    by   negoci. 
tion,   in  disarming   La  Vendee.     Yodr   majesty   v. ,. 
scarcely  seated  on  the  throne  when  the  insurrecw 
jjroke  out  in  this  same  La  Vendee  with  more  violcnr  ■ 
than  ever.     Wiiat  could  beiis  oliject  after  your  re 
toration.''     Your  minimi cr    at  war  declared   tii.it    Ir- 
iiad  no  troops  with  which  to  subdue  tho->e  province^; 
it  was  not  tlie  intention  of  yo  .r  court  that  this  insur- 
rection slioidd  he  opposed. 

"We  cannot  conceal  from  you,  sire,  tiiat  these  at- 
tacks are  levelled  at  your  throne;  jou  suffer  legitini. 
ate  autiiority  to  be  despised  and  the  autiiorjty  of 
action  supplies  its  place  Factions  produce  re.o- 
luiions,  and  those  who  triumpli  to-d.iy,  may  be  over- 
thrown to-morrow;  your  throne  will  no  longer  have 
even  the  support  of  their  illegitimate  authori}-. 
Your  ministers  always  de-o  ed  to  your  person  s.i  + 
endeavored  to  oppose  this  re-action;  die  piinces  of 
vour  liouse,  ttie  nobles  of  your  court,  designated  arj 
crimes,  i:n(l  as  attacks  upon  your  crown,  their  e;ibrii> 
to  r<.»tor9  ordecauU  submiasior.  to  the  laws)  we  Krer 


1S3 


C.T 


UPrL":\!I' XT  TO  NiLKS' 


IlKGISTER— "REPORT  TO  LOUIS  xVlll: 


all  innne'Ke  Vr-Uli  vo!'.r  ms'.jesty;    ^ve  became  giiilty  the  leL-iiimatc  ;iiitViority  of  vour  majes'a';  thn.t  t^icy 
iii  t!ie  eve^of  the  nation.  \vo\iifl  ruise  precendei-s  to  tlie  ihrone  n'here  you   .re 

'  "Tiie  elections  were  mucle;  a  foctious  minority  di-  se  ted.  It  is  not  by  means  of  a  fcctioii  tluit  v  ):i;- 
]-ecled  tliem;  tbrt  minority  tdone  is  represented. In  ijcstyous^iit to  reip;:!,  bui  by  u  cons Jtiition,  by  a 
The  c'loice  which  they  recommend  to  your  m;vjesty  |ro\  al  prerogiUive,  rccofjnized  and  estabjisiicd.  Lei 
fbi'the  clVMmb'er  o'neers  indicate  the  same  spirit.  I  iliat  f.ic  ion  tremble,  and  suspend  tlieir  eribi-is  tf> 
"Mii'.isters,  v.'iii'.out  axitiiority,  a  prey  to  the  per  |sub  titutc  p.issioii  in  'heir  phice.  Tiieii-  ag-enis 
secutions  of  tlie  court,  without  support  in  the  pub- 1  would  be  the  firs;  victims,  and  they  woald  cause  ihe 
lie  opinion,  exposed  +o  the  oppo",i.i;)n  of  the  ch;m-  gre;itest  mijforlunes  to  vour  majesty 


I'crs,  whp.t  should  webesble  to  reply  to  the  clamors 
of  the  people,  when  av 'cng'th  *hei  I.  ''  ''m;ind  the 
reasons  for  so  m> m  cauifnities? 


We  are,   therefore,   convinced,  that   we  can  no 

long"er  contribute  to  the  welfare  of  your  subje:  s, 

ihrft  we  cannot  cro^■era  the  stave  in  the  spirit   of  the 

"MeE'r.viiJle,  fovciencrs  possess  France  as  a  con-  cour.cil,  which  direct  your  m.-jes'y.     Your  wisdom 


nuereu  country;  to  civil  di-cordtliey  add  the  ravafr-e 
of  piovir.ces;  they'  dissipnte  the  funds  whic  ongin 
to  find  their  vray  into  the  treasury;  t!ie\  devour  the 
provisions  of  the  pcoplfe,  who  are  threatened  with 
an  .npproaching-  f;  nunc;  they  Ciivry  off  the  m,.!jazi  les 
nfaim.s,  the  ammunitions  of  war,  cud  tiie  can;. mis 
from  the  ramparis  of  oiu-  ciues.  The  wiiite  fl '.g- 
floats  onlv  over  ruins!  Thcv  despoil  us  of  our  ])ub- 
lic  monuments,  the  tokens  of  our  former  g-lory;  they 
seize  tl'emoiinmen's  of  art,  wiiich  alone  rem.dn  to 
us  after  twenty  ye;\rs  of  conquest.  li  is  a  dishonor, 
sire,  which  the  people  arc  mos:  reluctr  ni  o  par- 
don, snd  ^our  m.<psty  has  remaincil  silent  in  tiie 
midst  of  all  these' att^icks  on  the  natiouid  honur! 

"AA'e  were,  for  a  longtime,  ignorant  hat  secret 
treason  had  connected  you  with  tbreig-ners — your 
maiestv  wished  to  negocii'.te  yourself— we  could  not 
nrevent  the  disbandn.ent  of  tiie  army,  and  diis  mea 
sure  being  completed,  left  France  and  your  person 
in  thepower  ttf  foreigners.  What  had  vouv  house  to 
fear  from  that  army?  Napoleon  no  longer  existed 
for  France.  Thenationid  colors  granted,  and  some 
concessions  made  to  public  opinion,  tliai  arniy  would 
have  become  yours,  it  would  have  served  \oh  to  le- 
sist  the  ambitious  projects  olyour  allies.     Was  eve- 


wiil  doubilessdo  morctl^.an  oar  zeal  and  our  eliiirls 
to  remedy  tiie  e  dls  w.ich  i.+flict  the  state;  we  there- 
fore venture  to  supp'icave  you  to  believe  in  the  .''i 
grets  that  we  experience,  in  no";  being  able  anv  lo  )- 
ger  io  contribv.To  lo  serve  vou,  and  in  thev.'isues  t'rut 
we  have  foriued  fin-ti)cprospcrityoi"your  house,  and 
for  the  safety  of  trie  country." 

TaiiiD  Axn  LAST  nr.poiT  i>f  tue  kcHe  o?    oTii.iy- 

To,  (fo  re  •!!:.) 

TO  LOUIS  xvm. 

[Transl.fel  fort'ie  Columbian.] 
SiivT. — I'l  placing  before  your  majest3''s  eyes  t!ie 
true,  but  afRicting  picture  of  tlie  moral  and  ]ioliti- 
c;d  situation  of  France,  in  pointing  oil  the  charac- 
.er  and  resources  of  the  various  f  ctions  which  di- 
virle  this  unhappy  country,  liiaveonly  indicated  the 
possibility  of  the  existence  of  a  court  party  wnich 
migh  counsel  or  favor  a  plan  of  counter  revolu- 
tion. 

"Every  plan  of  tliis  nature,"  I  remarked,  "would 
overturn  the  throne  with  a  tremendous  crash,  and 
would  perliaps  destroy  our  last  remaining  hope,  the 
dvnr.stv  of  our  kings." 

riie  existence  of  such  a  party  is  no  longer  a  pra- 


ry  thing  TO  be  iibandoned  lo  the  combinations  andlblem;  it  is  generally  known:  under  the  name  of  the 
theseauctionsofyoHr  court,  and  of  foreign  princejfi  party  of  the  princes. 

Tour  court  is  led  astray  by  prejudicey;  the  for-!  F/urope  knows,  and  France  will  never  forget,  with 
tign  sovereigns  have  interests  opposed  to  yours. '\\'hat  a  nobie  disiiitei  estedness,  truly  Frencli,  your 
The  emperor  of  Russia  was,  perhaps,  the  only  one  ,m:;jesty  defended  the  consti  utional  principles  of 
whom  you  could  believe  sincere  in  his  promises.        Ithe  m..narchy. 

"The  allies  at  this  moment  oppose  the  recruiting      Called  to  the  tiirone,  your   majesty  followed  the 
€>f  the  departmental  legions.  i  same  system,  and  the   constitutional  charter,   your 

"Ruch  are  the  misforaines  of  the  situation  in  winch  i  work  and  our   guaranty,  jiroved  tliat  the  happiness 
unwise  councds  have  placed   your  majesty.     Your  of  t!ie  people  continued  to  be  the  object   of  } our 


t,ubjects  i.ve  almost  every  where  in  opposition  or  in 
arms  against  each  other,  and  almost  every  where  the 
})artlzans  of  your  house  are  the   smallest  number. 


vows  and  meditations. 

But  it  mus'  be  avowed,  tliis  confidence  as  exten- 
sive as  it  is  well  founded,  inspired  by  the  inf  >rma- 


The  French  humiliated  and  discontented,  ai-e  ready  tion  and  exalied  virtues  of  your  majesty,  does  not 
to  proceed  to  the  last  extremiiy.  Your  majesty  lias  i  extend  to  the  members  of  your  family, 
no  longer  the  u'Caus  of  opposing  tlie  pretentions  ofj  The  great  majority  of  iiie  French  despair  to  find 
foreig-ners.  They  have  presented  a  treaty,  which  i in  those  pi inces.  who  are  to  succeed  your  majesty, 
would  ccnsumma' e  the  ruin  of  the  nation,  andwliich  the  same  intentions  and  the  same  principles.  Tiiis 
'voidd cover  it  with  eternal  shame.     We   have  not  distrust,  a  .stranger  to  the  person  of  your  majesty; 


thought  it  became  us  to  give  an  assent  w^dch  would 
liavc    rendered   us  culpable  towards  that    nation, 
which  may  be  humiliated,  but  which  cannot  be  bea 
down. 

"Since  your  majesty  has  confided  authority  to  our 
Jiands,  v.'e  have  constantly  been  without  the  power 
of  doing  good,  without  the  power  of  preventing  evil. 
Our  opinions  have  no  influence;  the  cabals  of  vour 
court  have  prevailed.  "W'e  h.-.ve  to  ahev,  througli 
respect  to30ur  majesty,  and  to  sanction  by  our  sig- 
nature, acts  which  we  disapprove.  We  would  have 
sacrificed  our  lives  to  save  your  majesty  and  the 
oomitry,  but  those  v/ho  are  near  your  majestv  know 
that  the  revolution  whic'i  they  would  excite,  would 
surround  the  vessel  of  tiie  state  with  new  perils; 
that  they  would  give  to  factions,  to  whom  vou  are 
opposed,  the  ni&»iri5  of  peeing  9,  ruling  pla»e"  beyond 


cannot  be  so  to  your  heart;  and  your  goodness,  sire, 
will  not  allow  you  to  find  enemies  in  ^hosc  whom  na- 
ture, misfortune,  and  gratitude  have  constiiuted 
}"otir  friends  and  protec  ors. 

I  am  aboui  to  afflict  your  maj esty;but  T  cannot,with- 
out  betraying  the  confidence  with  wliicu  youlionor- 
ed  me,  suffer  you  to  remain  ignorant  of  the  dangers 
that  menace  your  most  sacred  rigiits.  Can  I  fear  t» 
disclose  to  your  majesty  those  evils  vviiich  you  a- 
lone  can  remedy.'' 

Immediately  after  your  mrjesty's  return  in  IS^'i 
ap;irty  pronotmced  itself  emphaticallv  against  eve- 
ry thing  that  had  been  established  since  twenty  five 
years.  It  was  enough  for  them  to  make  Frnce  re- 
trace her  steps  back  to  1789;  they  wislied  every 
thiiig  to  be  for  the  king  and  bv  the  king;  they 
ssug-ht  te  re-estab!isli  the  n-onarrhy  with  its  Gothic 


SUPPLE!dENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—WFXLING TON'S  LETTER.     iSg 


.institutions;  hence  tliose  alarms  so  universal  of  tie  i 
j-e-e    abiiiliineiu  of  the  fcudJ  ri^rhts  uiviu  tiics. 

Ti;e  French,  happy  in  ihcir  iiii'ecdoii  ibryoa:-  in  i- 
joi;  V,  opposed  \jo  liioseantiquaieJ  p.  eiensions  :iota- 
'ill!;-  but  sonf;-s  and  epigrumi.  Hut  soon  more  seri- 
ous icts  provoked  a  m'jre  serious  resistance,  and 
thi-,  conflicl  of  force  and  reason,  ai^ainst  die  mad  sal- 
lif  o:'  religion  and  poli.ical  Kuii.-.ici,u),  were  sus- 
pe.ided  bv  the  return  of  the  aaurper. 

At  till.-,  i)ei-iod,  the  partisans  of  absolute  monarchy 
ctmfb^mded  i;i  their  iiai  red  all  who  were  no  winii 
tiuii-  line,  and  openly  boasiedof  t,te  S'lpport  of  th-ibC 
pCi  soilages  wiio  wcic  nearest  the  ihrone. 

All  tiibse  whose  interes  s  and  opinions  attached 
them  to  tiie  rev.iliinon,  willed  only  for  a  chief,  m 
ortier  to  defend  tlieir  riglits,  which  were  ta as  direct- 
ly altacked 

The  eie'ments  of  civil  war,  fermented  in  even 
qu.a-.cr  of  France,  when  the  usurper  made  his  a|)- 
p"earaHce  at  two  .hundred  leagues,  from  the  capital. 
lie  obtained,  without  appart-rit  jjeril,  widiout  a  co.i- 
test,  without  oppo-.i  ion,  what  he  would  liave  vaiii- 
Iv  atveniii.ed  to  rt-ach  with  a  considerable  ai-my  and 
t: I'e  influence  of  his  inigh  y  fame. 

The  regrets,  which  tiien  accompanied  your  mu- 
je.^tv  in  vourretre.i'  be»ond  ihe  frontiers,  hadoni; 
your  person  fur  dieir  object;  f  er  m  king  the  great 
e.ii  efforts  to  maintain  a  foo  lag  on  tae  Frencii  cer- 
viLory,  the  prince.s  of  your  house  .ouad  tiienj-.eivc,, 
ill  a  inosthu.niiiating'si.tte  of  solitude  in  bie  souiti 
and  west.  Since  the  last  re  uni  of  your  ni.ijesiv, 
tiiis  party  has  assnmed  a  most  alarining  a-;p>-'ci,  a.xl 
no  longer  li-tens  to  moder.ition  or  reason.  T  le  ;;u- 
thoritvo:  your  ni.ijesty  has  been  de^piied,  aiiotiier 
royal  government  has  been  orgiUilzed,  the  magis- 
trates appointed  by  you  were  repulsed  from  the  ci- 
ties, tlie  administiViUon  of  wli  ch  liad  been  coi'.iideU 
to.iiembv  your  majes  y.  This  government  pru- 
claimed,  ins  ead  of  your' name,  tiia;  of  monseignour 
and  niadirne.*  The  pubdc  acclamations  saluted 
them  under  the  titles  of  king  and  queen  of  the 
soulh.  The  coloui-s  of  their  house  replaced  the 
wiiiteoi  tiie  lily,  which  is  tiie  national  color. 

Commissaries,  who  usurped  the  title  and  povrer:, 
of  ministers,  organized  <i  m;igisiracy  and  an  anne.i 
fcirce,  equalU  foreign  to  your  sovereignty  and  your 
will.  These  abu.ie.-.  Iic^ve  been  confined  to  certain 
province,,  and  have  no^  passed  beyond  their  limis 
Vour  majesty  has  solemnly  protested  against  these 
scandalous  usui-pauons;  but  who  among  the  guilty 
has  been  pointed  out  and  punished.'  how  can  we 
«onfidein  the  sincere  re-establishment  of  order,  when 
foreign  journals  at  <cck  the  jiersonal  rigiit  of  your 
majesiytothe  inherii.uice  of  tlie.  throne.''  they  no 
longer  speak  of  a  voluntary  abdication  in  favor  of 
anoi-her;  but  of  a  right  independent  of  your  v.  ill. 

And  this  pretended  righ  is  invoked  in  favor  of 
a  princess  in  wuose  uuine  was  raised  up  that  rival 
authority,  the  exis'.eacc  of  wiiicli  is  proved  by  the 
numerous  papers  I  have  laid  before  your  majesty. 

What  appeared,  only  two  montiis  si  ice,  a  rash 
conjecture,  i«*  now  an  evident  truth.  VV-io  can  have 
excited  in  the  EnglL^ii  jounv.ls  those  long  discu>- 
■sions  upon  tJic  Salic  law.''  in  w.iose  favor  are  dis- 
puted the  pri.'.cipivisof  this  fundviiueiiial  statute  or 
tlie  French  monarchy. 

It  is  not  as  a  theoretical  qviesi  ion  of  public  law 
that  tiie  English  journalists  present  this  dissertation. 
T'lON'  name  you,  sire;  tiiey  nime  the  princess,  youi" 
ni"ce,-|-.nddjubi  less  without  the  knowledge  of  either. 

•The  duke  antl  dutchessof  Angonleme. 
fTlie  dutcUess  ti  Angoiileme,  <i.iugiitei'  of  Lou- 
iS  XVI. 


And  whc'i  we  connect  togetlier  the  circumstances 
that  have  '..keu  place  in  t!ie  south,  and  wliich  h  ne 
jUst  transpired  in  certain  parts  of  then.n-tli  and 
west  of  Fiance,  c.n  we  for  an  instant  doubt,  that  tor 
Te,;r  of  seei)ig  -i  constitutional  moiKirchy  consolida- 
ted imder  your  majesty's  reign,  its  enemies  wish  to 
■i;i;icip.:te  die  order  of  snccession  co.tsecratcd  by 
tiie  n.-ge  of  fourteen  cen'urie?  was  oiu-  age  tiicii 
destined  In  be  tlia\  o.'  n.iii  ic.d  cdmiines.'' 

T'.'.e  .vholt  fiist'iry  of  F'MUce  replies  to  these  dar- 
ing innova  ions,  wiiose  works  reach  us  through  the 
EuglisJA  gizeties,  and  'viiich  are  supported  and  ati- 
tlie)itic:aed  by  forged  acts  every  where  circulated. 
H;  ve  they,  tjien,  for';- v  ten  that  this  law,  constantly 
ob.served,  m'.,s  for  the  fi.-.st  time  disputed  in  1315, 
b"  J  ne,  dutgh  er  oi'  LiJ'ii;-.  Hnttin.''  but  notwith- 
■it.ndiog  these  preten.dons,  was  nolT'niUp  V.  main- 
t  iiu-d  upon  the  throne  of  France.'  have  they,  then 
orgotten  ti.it  Edvvard,  king  of  England,  vainly  '.s, 
erted  the  sauic  pretensions  as  the  son  of  Isabel  of 
Frnce,  sister  ^ii  Louis  Huvtin.  nf  PiiiUp  the  Lo.ig, 
^nd  of  Charle. IV.  who  sncce-.slvely  rei.^ned  and  Ji- 
evl  without  male  children.''  the  right  of  Philip  of 
V.Uois,  consecrated  by  the  Salic  Uw,  was  it  not 
,):oclaimed  anew.'' 

For  'he  third  and  last  'ime  this  latv  was  again  ap- 
)iied  in  f.ivoi-of  your  .mcestcr,  Keiiry  IV.  On  tue 
28  h  Jme,  1583,  asoiemn  act  proscribed  these  same 
iretendons,  hazr.'ded  by  the  cliief  of  the  Ligue, 
[League]  o^■  thai  Ligue  whose  mad  less  aitd  fiu"y;irfc 
ex  'Ctly  copied  b}^  the  partv  I  iiave  described. — .411 
t  iCse  historical  facts  are  well  known  to  your  ma- 
jesty, whose  proibund  erutlition  is  admired  by  all 
Europe. 

Tnose  who  would  tramjile  on  vour  legitimate 
right,  mu*t  dirjtrust  laose  ministers  who  are  most 
devoted  to  your  person,  and  ic  i,  inrougii  tlie  same 
channels  that  circulate  tiie  most' vh'ulent  diatribes 
agunstus.  Sucu  au^icks  iiave  no  .errors  forme; 
and  at  any  other  ti.ne  I  /ouhl  no.  nave  importuned 
your  majesty  with  them.  But  sucu  is  the  nature 
of  the  projects  formed  !*gair.st  the  right  of  your 
crown,  tha^  I  am  without  authority  as  I  am  without 
enmity  ag.ins   their  authors  and  protectors 

A  solemn  decUration,  a  formal  disavowal,  might 
cause  every  tiling  to  be  forgotten.  Dut  his  dtcla^ 
ration,  this  disavowal,  who  is  to  demand  it.'  w  leic 
is  information  to  be  gathered.''  the  attributes  of  my 
ministry  cannot  extend  so  far. 

Sii-e,  the  public  grief  is  at  its  heiglit;  you  alone 
can  console  tlie  Freiich  for  all  they  luae  suflTered.— 
It  would  have  been  as  delignrful  as  honorable  for 
me  to  have  contributed  to  this  object  under  your 
auspices. 

I  supplicate  your  majesty  to  receive  the  port  fo- 
lio which  you  tiiought  proper  to  confide  to  me,  and 
to  see  ia  this  request  oitly  an  expression  of  my  re-^ 
spectftd  devotion. 
(Si^ed) 

The  DUKE  OF  OTRANTO. 


THE  DUKE  Of  WELUyGTOX  TO  LOtlD  CASTLEnEAGH. 

Paris,  September  23. 

My  lord — A  great  de.al  has  latelv  been  said  here 
i-especting  the  measures  I  have  been  obliged  to 
adopt  in  o  der  to  obtain  for  the  king  of  the  Ne'her- 
lantls  his  paintings  tmd  other  things  out  of  tlie  mu- 
seum.; ancl  is  the  e  reptn-ts  may  reach  the  e.u's  of  the 
pri  ice  rege  t,  I  communicate  to  von  the  fdlowln.^- 
account  of  the  wljplg  affaii',  ror  his  royal  higcuietis. 
iiifui'Uiatiou:— 


iiO      SVl-'VLEMll^t  TO  NlLES*  REGISTEK— T/ELLINC 


•rj>-\-^  i.ETTER. 


A  sliort  lime  after  the  arrival  of  the  sovereig-ns 
hi  Pari:-,  the  iTuiiisiLr  of  ihc  king-  of  lie  ^.ethci- j 
liipds  dernanded  tlie  pictures,  &c.  belonging-  to  Iah] 
>(,\Creigii,  us  did  'he  ininisicvs  of  tlie  odur  sove-i 
i(  i..u.s,  and,  as  1  was  iiiloi-iiied,  could  not  oblrda  -J 
sjiiiijfac'on  answei*  from  tlie  French  g'Dxerniiieii  . 
■Aiier  sevcrai  com  ersat ions  vvidi  me  upon  the  sub- 
ject, he!>eiit  to  3  our  lords  ip  ;in  otiicial  note,  u'hici. 
*.v:ts  laid  before  theminisurs  of  tlie  iillied  powers,  as- 
bei!'bltd  at  a  couierciice,  u|/Oii  v.lucii  tue  basiiiess 
Vi\itt  several  tiTiie;*  taken  into  considei'iition,  in  or- 
der to  di.cover  a  means  ot  doing- jus> ice  to  t^.e 
claimaviis  of  tjie  <jb,ect,s  of  art  in  the  museum, 
\viihout  hui-ti'.ij^-  the  feeling-s  of  the  king-  of  France. 
Meanwhile  tlie  Prussians  had  obtained  from  liis 
UK,jesl\.  not  only  all  die  picture.--  belonging- to  Prus- 
sia p!'");>er,  but  ai.soall  tho.-^f  beior.giiii.;-  to  ilie  Fras- 
Siari  territory  on  the  lei't  b.-iivk  oi  tlie  Rdne,  and  all 
"those  wiiich  were  the  property  of  his  Prussian  uia- 
je>t} ;  the  aif.  ir  ?row  became  urgent,  and  your  lord- 
i-.hip  wrote  a  note  of  tiie  —  in  which  die  matter  -v-.'a:. 
i'vMy  'rea;ed.  Tiie  n^.inioter  of  tlie  kjug-  of  tiie  Ne- 
tiierlands  having-  not  yet  i  eceivcd  a,ny  satisfactory 
answer  from  tlie  French  g-iverinuent,  a-pplied  to  me 
«s  C("ir,mander  in  chief  of  the  army  of  the  king-  ot 
tiie  Netherlands,  and  asked  wlicther  I  had  anv  ol)- 
jiectioii  to  employing  his  majesty's  troops  to  obtain 
i)()S;-es<ion  of  v.'hat  was  indubi*;ibly  his  majesty's 
,.ropcrty;  1  laid  this  que.s' ion  af.o  before  the  mlnis- 
;c-rs  oi'the  allied  monarciisj  and  as  no  objection  was 
t'.jund,  I  thou_^lit  it  my  duty  to  take  tiie  necessary 
■-T-eps  to  obtain  wha'  was  his  rjg-hl.  I  spoke  in  con- 
iuqneiice  witii  prince  Talleyrand  upon  tiiis  subiect, 
t.jmniunicaied  to  him  what  had  passed  at  the'^con- 
'(  rcnce,  und  ti^e  reasons  I  had  t'(,y  tiuaking- that  the 
'kfng  o  tlie  Netherlands  had  a  rig-ht  to  the  paint- 
•;.-<.;£,  who  requested  me  to  lay  the  matter  before  the 
kii^f^,  and  cntrea'  his  majesty  to  do  me  the  favor  to 
^'.eteriTiine  the  manner  in  widcli  ]  niig-ht  obtain  t.'ie 
.bvtotot  the  king-  of  tlie  Netherlands  v.i  hnut  in 
i.rty  iTiinu^er  (.Hc-ndirig-  his  majesty.  Prince  I'aiiev- 
vard  proU'tsetl  use  an  answer  by"the-*hext  evenin'f; 
lutasl  did  not  receive  it,  I  rcpaiied  to  iiini  in  iLe 
i.ij;-h\,  had  a  second,  conference  witJi  him,  in  widen 
'■e  y;n\e  me  to  understand  that  the  king' would  o-ive 
•  o  orders  upon  the  suljject,  that  I  mij,"ht  do  as  1 
^  :.r.v.-yht  proper,  and  negociate  wi  h  Mr.  Denon,  the 
'<it.-ector  01  the  museum.  In  th.e  raorninc;- 1  sent  rn\ 
(..id  de  camp,  lieutenani  colonel  Freemantle  to  Mr. 
t\'non,  wjio  told  liim  that  he  had  no  orders  to  p-ive 
'.;:>  unv  paintings  out  of  the  g-allery,  and  that"  he 
fe'iould  suffer  none  to  be  taken  away  but  by  force.  I 
•itt'M  sent  colonel  Fieemantle  to  prince  Talleyrand 
to  acquaint  him  with  this  answer,  and  to  in<brm  that 
ihe  troops  would  go  the  next  morning  at  12  o'clock, 
'Ui  I:  ke  post^essiun  of  the  paintings  belonging  to  the 
kir;*;  of  the  Netherlands,  and  to  declare,  that  if  anv 
tl  ing  vmpleasant  should  arise  from  this  measure, 
'tl.e  king's  ministers,  and  not  I,  were  answerable  for 
V-.  Colonel  Freemantle  likewise  inibrmed  Mr.  t)e- 
hcW  of  the  measure  tJjat  was  to  be  taken.  It  was, 
l,o',\  ever,  not  necessary  to  send  any  iroops,  because 
a  Prussian  guard  constantly  occupied  the  gallery, 
^ivd  the  pictures  v/ ere  taken  awav  without  any  as- 
^;..*-ance  being  required  from  any  troops  under  my 
»:'/mmand,  except  ..few  who  assisted  as  labourers  in 
the  taking  down  and  packing  up. 

It  has  been  alleged  that  by  having  been  the  instru- 
V  ent  of  carrying  away  from  the  gallery  the  pictures 
ir'f  die  king  of  the  Netherlands,  'l  had  been  guilty 
Wf  a  breach  of  a  treaty  which  I  had  myself  made;  and 
{■•s  there  is  no  mention  made  of  the  museum  in  the 
treaty  of  the  25tti  of  March,  and  it  seems  now  the 
'm.Vy  spoken  of  is  tUe  nulitary  conveaUon  of  Pa* is, 


it  is  necessary  to  show  how   Ihis  convention  is  con- 
nec  ed  with  t!ie  museum. 

1  do  not  want  to  prove  that  the  allies  were  at  war 
M  illi  France;  there  is  no  dot  bt  that  their  armies 
entered  Paris  under  a  military  convention  conclu- 
ded v.'iili  yn  oHicer  oi  the  government,  the  prefect 
'1  he  department  oi  tiie  Seine,  and  an  officer  ot  the 
army,  who  presenied  bo  h  authorities  at  that  mo- 
ment, preseuT  at  Paris,  and  empowered  by  these 
authorities  tonegociale  and  conclnde  .or  them. 

The  article  ol  the  cou\'enviun  wiiich  i;  alleged  to 
have  been  broken,  is  tiie  Ifih,  wiiicli  rela.es "to  the 
])ub^ic  proper. y.  I  posiiively  deny  that  this  article 
has  ail)-  reierence  whatever  to  the"  gallery  of  paint- 
ings. 

The  French  conuTiissioncrs  introduced  in  the  ori- 
ginal projec*,  ananicie  to  provide  for  die  security 
of  this  s,,ecics  of  property;  but  pi-ince  Blucher 
would  no;  consent,  saying  there  were  in  the  gallery 
paintings  widen  hud  been  taken  from  Prussia,  and 
which  Louis  18th  had  promised  to  restore,  wh'.ch, 
lio-.vever,  had  iiever  been  done.  I  repeated  this  cir- 
cunislunce  to  the  French  commissioners,  and  ther 
prepared  to  accept  tne  article  witii  the  exception  of 
die  Prussian  pictures,  and  to  this  proposal  I  an- 
swered tiiat  I  w\.H  there  as  the  representative  of  the 
oiiicr  nations  in  Europe,  and  tiiat  I  must  claim  for 
other  nations  all  tiiat  was  conceded  to  the  Prussians. 
[  added,  tiiat  I  had  no  instructions  concerning  the 
museum,  nor  any  grounds  how  the  sovereigns  would 
act;  that  they  would  certainly  urge  that  the  king 
ahould  ;ulfil  ids  ordigations,  aiid  tli:>t  I  advised  the 
omission  of  the  article  entirely,  and  the  reserving 
this  art;. ir  to  the  decision  of  the  sovereigns  when 
they  should  arrive. 

Thus  star.dsthe  affair  of  the  museum  in  refer- 
ence to  the  treaty.  Tiie  convention  of  Paris  is  si' 
lent  upon  it,  and  a  negociatiou  took  place,  whlcli 
left  the  business  to  the  decision  of  the  sovereigns. 

Taking  it  tor  granted  that  the  silence  of  the 
treaty  of  Pai-is,  oi'  M.iy  ISl-J,  respecting  th^  nui- 
^eui!',  iiatl  given  tiie  r'reiich  govenimeii't  an  indis- 
putable claim  to  tlie  pieces  contained  in  it,  it  cannot 
be  denied  tliat  lids  ciuiin  wy..s  aiiiiihllalcd.  by  this 
negociatiou. 

Those  who  negociated  for  the  French  govern* 
ment,  judged  tiiat  the  victorious  armies  had  a  right 
to  take  the  works  of  ra-t  from  the  museum,  and  tliey 
therefore  endeavoured  to  save  them  by  introducing 
an  article  into  the  miiitary  convention  Tliis  article 
was  rejected,  and  the  claim  of  the  allies  greatly  ad- 
vanced by  the  r.egochition  on  their  side,  and"  this 
was  the  reason  tiiat  the  article  was  r«jcc(ed.  Not 
only  then  v/as  the  possession  of  them  not  guaran- 
teed by  the  military  convention,  but  the  above-meu- 
ioned  neg-ociaiioii  tended  the  more  to  we:iken  the 
right  of  the  Frencli  government  to  the  possession, 
wiiich  was  founded  ou  the  silence  of  the  treaty  of 
Paris  of  May  1814 

Tiie  allies  having  now  legal  possession  of  the 
pieces  in  the  museum,  coidd  do  no  otherwise  than 
restore  them  to  those  from  whom  they  had  been  ta- 
ken av/ay,  contrary  to  the  usages  of  ci^ilized  war- 
fare, during  the  dreadful  period  of  the  French  revo- 
lution and  the  tyranny  of  Bonapai'le. 

The  conduct  of  the  allies  witli  respect  to  the  mu- 
seum at  the  time  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  must  be 
ascribed  to  their  desire  to  gratify  the  French  armj', 
and  to  confirm  the  reconciliation  with  Europe,  to 
which  the  army  seemed  at  that  time  to  be  disposed. 

But  fhe  circumstances  are  more  entirely  diH'er- 
ent;  the  army  disappointed  the  just  expectations  of 
the  world,  and  embraced  the  first  opportunitv  to 
rigsagai«'i.itsst'yfi-&is-n,  aaU  t9  SfiiTtt  ttiS  getifijij 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGIST^:"._B\TTLE  OF  JI®SKWA.        141 


n-eipv  of  luiinanilj-  M-ith  a  v'le^v  to  the  renewal  ot 
tile  ;rig-!i  ml  times  that  were  pushed,  at-.cl  of  ilie 
iGO'.ea  Qi'  pillap^e  a.q-ainst  which  the  world  has  made 
so  niMn\  t;i;,;;invic  CiTorts. 

Tiiis  uVn'iv  luivi  •i,'-  been  defeated  bv  'he  armies  of 
Europe,  it  is  dist^olved  by  he  uid.ed  couiudl  of  the 
U!CS()vcreig-ns,  and  '.here  can  be  no  re;ison  wliy  the 
powers  of  E  ii-ope  siiould  do  wrong-  to  rheirown  sub- 
jec*>,  in  order  to  agran  satisfy  this  army;  indeed,  i- 
'never  iippeared  to  me  'obe  necessary  that  the  allied 
soveicigns  should  neglect  this  oppoi  tunify  to  do 
jusiice'and  favor  to  their  own   subjects,  in  orde,-  to 

ple.u'e  the  French   nation. Tlie   fecHr.gs  of  the 

French  people  upon  this  subject  can  bo  no  other 
than  national  arrop^ance. 

Tlie\  would  desire  to  rc'ain  the-,e  works  of  art, 
not  because  F.iris  is  ti.e  propei  est  place  for  ihem 
to  be  preserved  in,  (for  allartisis  and  connoisseui-s 
v.i.ohave  written  on  the  subjcc  ,  ap'ce  that  he>, 
oug-ht  to  be  sentb.ick  to  the  places  where  theyoii 
giiuUy  were)  but  because  they  have  been  acquired 
by  v^onquc'.ts  of  which  they  are  the  trophies. 

The  same  ieeliii^  that  MK.kes  tl\e  people  of  France 


Fie  my  lord,  you  weigh  the  finest  sen'iments  of  tli^ 
iiumanheait,  rather  by  the  depreciated   scale  of  * 
London  merchan',  than   b,  the  nK)bie  ['eciing-s  of  a 
soldier  or  the  generosity  of  an  ally.     You   have  ta- 
ken from  victory  its  reward,  from  a.  nation  l^s  orna- 
ments; um  li^ve  transported    lie   arts  from  a   gei.i.vl 
clime    o  tite  smoke  oj  London,  or  lue  frozen  zo.ie  of 
L!ie  north,  and  ti.ough  \ou  strain  iir.rd  as  a  conque- 
ror, to  pass  unstained  vvitii    hecriiue  of  blood,  you. 
appear  to  cotirt   he  crime  of  treason.     Yes  treason, 
my  lord,  you  siole  into  Uiecapi.al  under  the  sacred 
garb  of  a  friend  and   chauipion  and  after   be'-ra}iiig 
us,  reared  whh  uiatofa  piunde.  er.     Like  a  piu'si- 
cian  \v\\o  comes  to  cure  tiie  pi.igue,  while  he  engen- 
ders the  leprosy  teeming  trom  his  own  ulcers.    You 
nave  bL-en  called  tiie   Washingttm  of  the  age,   bu'c 
hat  iiero  would   have  supported  and   followed  his 
friend  totiie  scaffold,  wiiilcjou  my  lord,  v/ould  not 
Oiily  ab  mdoii  bui.dr.ig  him  to  it.     It  is  in  Uie  power 
or    he  meanest  to  triumpn  over  fallen  greatness,  but 
higu  and  elevated  minds  soar  above  such  depravity. 
Yuu  have  f  irgotion,  or  never  knew,  my  lord,   tuat  lie 
conquers  twice  \\'ho  conquers  in   victory.     But  ad- 
T.-iih  to  keep  the  pictures  and  statues  "of  otiier  na-jmitting  that  it  was  necessar}  ibryouto  attempt  the 
tions,  must  naturallv  make  o-her  nations  wish,  now  j  just  ilicat  ion  of  iiitcrposiig  your  authority,    ia   favor 
that  victory  is  on  tiieir  side,  to  restore  those  ar<  icies ;  of  liese  champions  of  die  righ  s  of  men,  theoC  mag- 
to  .he  lawtid  owners;  and  the  allied  sovereigns  mustjnaninious  allies;  why  af.er  urging  all  in  your    i;;iwer 
feci  a  desii  e  to  jnomote  this  object.  |  to  pallia  e  your  injustice,  that  you  may    escape  c^ii- 

l  is  besides  to  be  wislied,  as  well  for  the  liappi  j  sure,  why  carry  )our  aniuiosit}  tov/ards  u.s  sofa,  as 
ne.is  of  France  as  of  the  world,  tha.  if  the  French  |  to  seek  topui.isii  what  you  are  pleased  to  style  oiu- 
people  are  not  altogether  convinced,  that  Europe  isj  arr:  gaiice.  This  my  lord  is  the  very  quintcocence 
loo 'tronj  forthem,  thev  ma\  be  made  to  feel,  that  i  of  arrogance.  And  then  our  morals  too  m,.«t  re- 
liow  ever  extensive  for  a   time  rheir  temporary  and  ceive  a  lesson.     An  English  general  teaching  mor- 


11,-..  'i.l  advantages  over  one  or  more  of  tlie  powers 
o-  Europa  may  be,  the  day  of  rca-ibution  must  at 
leiigti:  come. 

According  to  my  feelings,  then,  it  wotild  not  only 
be  unjust  in  the  sovert-igns  to  gi-atify  tl;e  French 
people,  but  tr^e  sacrifice  they  would  make  would  be 
impolitic,  as  it  v/ouid  deprive  them  of  the  opportu- 
nitj'  of  giving  tlie  r'ler.ch  a  great n. oral  lesson. 
lam,  mv  dearloid,  ft-c. 

NVELLINGTON. 


iO  Ki) 


Tvan»!atedfiir  the  Dcinocratic  P)-ess. 

tliXTER   CIRCULATED     IST     PAKIS,     ADllllESSUD  TO 
WELCIXUTON. 

My  i.oan — I  have  read  witli  a  mixtiu-eof  indigna- 
tion and  regret,  your  letter  addi-e  sed  to  lord  (Jas- 
tlereagli,  wherein  you  attempt  to  justify  tlie  sacking 
of  ;he  museum  at  Paris.  You  fight  better  than"  you 
Viite,  my  lord,  tho'  the  principler;  which  actuate  in 
botii,  appear  to  be  the  sarae,  to  distress  others  and 
fatten  on  tlieir  spoil.  You  have  admitted  that  these 
monuments  are  tlie  trophies  ot  former  victories,  and 
permit  me  to  say,  that  even  ps  such  thev  ought  to 
have  been  held  sticred  by  a  soldier.  They  were  tlie 
right  and  fruits  of  conquest,  nay  more,  they  were 
given  and  received  in  diminuion  of  the  cidamities 
ami  contributions  of  war.  Tney  were  as  much  the 
properly  of  the  l"r:-ncli  nation  as  tlicsoil  of  M.tlta  is 
a  g-m  of  tiie  British  crown. 

You  say  the  convention  of  1813,  made  no  provision 
Tnv  tliem.  Had  diat  instrument  been  so  worded  as 
to  guarantee  them,  you  would  no  doubt  have  said, 
yi.il  all  the  subtility  of  Englisii  prolnty  and  policy, 
that  such  a  clause  was  of  no  avail  from  tha  illegit- 
imacy of  tiie  provisional  government.  But  what 
sa\s  the  convention  of  1811 — tiiat  all  tlie  monuments 
•f  Paris  shall  be  respected;  do  circumstances!  alter 
tlie  case,  or  do  you  feel  that  you  do  not  now  as  an 
all}',  owe  as  much  to  Louis  18,  as  you  did  then,  or 

has  the  weigh,  of  his  misfortunes  lessoned  your  com-   in  the  centre  of  the  position.     Tnis  redoubt  was  at- 
ajiwei-HUsja^  iv  lUis  Jtiffilcted  ren^rabie  j[nonw9Ji.if*«tevl  antl  oai-ried  bv  t!i5  f.SJiilij  alter  a  treaxeu- 


ality  to  the  French  nation!  And  that  too  in  a  let- 
ter to  tliat  noted  artuiF  lord  Castie.eagh.  Pray,  my 
lord,  where  did  yuu  imbibe  those  lessons  of  morali- 
ty.''— on  the  shores  of  the  Ganges,  or  die  plains  of 
lliudosian,  where  ndliions  of  liuman  beings  witlv 
their  legitimate  sovereigns  have  been  imolated,  to 
.satiate  the  thirst  of  Briash  dominion: — from  the  in- 
quisitors of  Spain,  wliom  30U  assisted  to  raise  tha 
tui:."'r5'.i  i>ile  and  turn  t!ie  l;;quisitorial  wheel  to  en- 
slave aiid  subdue  their  feiiow  subjects,  or  from  the 
conflagration  of  Copeniiagen  oi-  Washington,  the 
crimcj  of  Hampton  or  lungston,  the  revolting  scenes 
of  theCliesape;'ke,  or  tiie  iilack  holeof  Calcutta,  or 
from  the  de.->o!ating  and  destructive  policy,  which 
liangsover  and  prays  upon  your  n.,tive  coun.ry.'  But 
I  Will  go  no  h^r  lier.  You  have  retrieved  my  lord, 
tiie  ci;aractcr  of  Napoleon,  by  the  rtiief  you  have 
given  ii. — you  have  brought  into  full  view  the  odious. 
policy  of  your  infernal  government,  the  inveterate 
foe  of  lie  repose  of  iium;-.u  kind,  by  attempting  to 
degrade  our  countrj'  and  disgrace  lier  citizens.  And. 
since  you  c^uld  not  witii  your  imperial  eagles  and 
ru)  al  vuuures  dismember  and  devoiu-  France,  you 
have  sougut  to  retard  her  resusciation: — that  resus- 
ciadoa  will  one  day  come,  when  it  may  be  her  turn, 
iny  lord,  to  set  in  judgment  on  your  and  Uieir 
Clime  . 

In  UiC  mc.m  time  It  will  he  said  of  the  confedera- 
cy of  wiiicli  you  are  generalisiuio;  in  arms  tiiey  rav- 
age tlie  earth,  and  it  is  their  delight  to  collect  the 
recent  spoifj  undlivi  as  plunderers. 

Eattls  of  the  Moskvra. 

vnoyi  TUB  "KDixBCHiTii  H»;riEw"    of    libaume's 
NAiiiiATiv;;  OK   fiu;  ca.upaign  ix  hussia. 
The   action  comment;ed  precisely  at  (3  o'clock  oA 
the  moniip.gof  tiie  Tth;  aud  the  chief  objectof  con- 
test, where  our  autiior  was  stationed,  was  a  redoubt 


-14S      SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— BATTLE  OF  WATERLOO, 


dous  loss.  It  was  then  stormed  by  the  Rus  nans,  un- 
der the  fire  of  three  liundred  pieces  of  cannon,  and 
they  were  advancing  to  strike  a  decisive  blow  a- 
gainst  the  French  centre,  when  their  jn-ojjress  was 
arrested  by  general  Friand,  who  wiih  a  batiery  oi 
twenty  four  pieces  of  cannon,  carried  death  and  de- 
struction into  tlieir  ranks.  The  interesting  narra 
tive  of  our  author  thus  proceeds: 

"The  viceroy  seized  tliis  decisive  moment,  and 
flving  to  tlie  riglit,  ordered  a  simidtaneous  attack 
o;  the  grand  redoubt,  by  the  1st,  5d  and  14th  divi- 
sions.  Having  arranged  all  three  ia  order  of  batile, 
these  troops  advanced  v.ith  cool  intrepidity.  The) 
upproaciied  even  the  entrenclnnents  of  the  enemy, 
when  a  sudden  discharge  of  grape  shot  from  the 
W-hole  of  their  artillery  spread  destruction  through 
our  ranks.  Our  troops  wei'e  staggered  ai  this  fatal 
reception;  but  the  prince  knew  how  to  reanimate 
their  spirits,  b)  calling  to  the  recollection  of  ejtch 
regiment  the  circumsumces  in  which  tiiey  had  fbr- 
inerly  covered  tliemselves  with  glory.  To  one  jie 
5aid,  'preserve  thai  courage  which  has  g:;nied  you 
the  title  of  invincible;'  to  another,  "remember  your 
reputai  ion  depends  on  this  day;'  then  turning  to- 
wards the9ti)  of  the  line,i;e  said  to  them  witii  emo- 
tion, 'brave  soldiers,  remember  you  were  widi  me  at 
^Vagram,  when  we  broke  the  enemy's  centre.'  By 
the^e  words,  and  still  more  by  his  exampie,  lie  in- 
flamed the  valor  of  his  troops'  to  such  a  degree  that 
shou'  ing  with  jov,  they  agai;i  marched  witn  ardor  to 
the  redoubt.  His  higliness  riding  along  the  line, 
arrk(»ged  tlie  at  ack  with  tlie  utmos  coolness  and 
ledi,t'himselt  at  the  he.id  of  Biousiei's  division  At 
the  same  instant,  a  division  of  cuirassiers,  from  the 
centre  of  the  army,  rushed  on  the  redoubt,  and  of-' 
fered  to  our  astonished  sight  a  grand  and  sublime 
spectacle.  The  wiiole  eminence,  which  over.,ung 
us,  appeared  in  an  instan>  a  mass  of  moving  iron: 
the  glitter  of  the  arms,  and  the  rajs  of  tlie  sun  re- 
flected from  the  helmets  and  tlie  cuirasses  of  the 
dragoons,  mingled  with  tlie  flames  of  the  cannon 
thiit  on  every  side  vomited  forth  death,  gave  to  Oie 
redoubt  the  appearance  of  a  volcano  in  the  midst  of 
the  army. 

"Tlie  enemy's  infantry,  placed  near  this  point, 
behind  a  ravine,  kej)  up  sodes  ruciive  afiieonour 
cuirassiers,  that  ihey  were  obliged  immediately  to 
retire.  Our  infantry  took  theii-  plajcc;  and  turning 
the  redoubt  to  the  ri.fht  and  left  recommenced  a 
furious  combat  wi  :h  the  Russians,  whose  eflbrts  ri- 
valled our  own. 

"The  viceroy  and  his  staff,  in  spi'.e  of  the  enemy's 
tremendous  fire,  remained  at  tiie  head  of  Brous- 
sier's  division,  followed  by  the  loth  and  30di  regi- 
ments. They  advanced  on  the  redoubt  and  en  ered 
it  by  the  breast  work,  massacred  on  their  pieces, 
the  cannoneers  that  served  them.  Prince  Kutusotti 
who  had  witnessed  the  attack,  immediately  order- 
ed the  cuirassiers  of  the  guard  to  advance  and  en- 
deavor to  retake  the  position.  These  were  die  best 
of  the  cavalry.  The  shock  between  their  cuiras- 
Kiers  and  ours  was  thereibre  terrible,  and  one  may 
judf.e  of  the  fur  with  whicii  bota  parties  fought, 
when  the  enemy,  in  quitthig  the  field,  left  it  com- 
ple  ely  covered  with  dead. 

"Tlie  interior  of  the  redoubt  presented  a  horrid 
picture  The  dead  were  heaped  on  ons  anothei-. — 
The  feeble  cries  of  the  wounded  were  scarcely  heard 
amid  the  surrounding  tumult.  Arms  of  every  de- 
scription were  scattered  over  the  field  of  battle. — 
The  parapets,  half  demolished,  had  their  embra- 
sures entirely  destroyed.  Their  places  were  dis'  in- 
guislied  only  by  the  cannon,  die  gre:itest  part  of 
tv^ch  were  disKno^mlcd  and  separated  fresa  the  bro- 


ken carriages.  In  the  midst  of  this  scene  of  ca^' 
nage,  1  dii^covered  the  body  of  a  Russian  cannoneer, 
decorated  with  three  crosses.  In  one  hand  he  held 
a  broken  sword,  and  with  the  otner  firmly  grasped 
the  carriage  of  the  gun  at  which  he  had  so  valiiiiiiy 
fought. 

All  Lhe  Russian  soldiers  in  'here.loubt  cliose  rath- 
er to  perish  th:tn  to  yield.  Tue  generd  who  cjni- 
manded  them,  v.ould  have  sliared  their  fate,  if  his 
valor  had  jiot  saved  tiis  life.  This  brave  soldier  had 
sworn  to  die  at  Ids  ])ost,  and  would  have  kept  his 
oatli.  Seein*^  all  liis  companion.,  dead  around  him, 
lie  endeavored  to  precipitate  hiinseli  on  our  swonls; 
and  he  would  inevitably  have  mei  ids  dea  h,  ii.id 
not  thehonor  of  taking  such  a  prisoner  arrested  he 
cruel-.v  01  the  soldiers  Tiie  vicer-jy  received  iii.n 
vritii  kindness,  and  committed  liim  o  t!ie  care  of 
col.  Asselin,  v.ho  conducted  liim  to  the  emperor.'  i;. 
139—142., 

_  The  Russians  having  evacuated  their  position  du- 
ring the  night,  the  field  of  battle  was  immediately 
occupied  by  the  French;  and  never,  per^iaps,  did 
luiy  human  eye  behold  such  a  spectacle  of  misery  and 
slaughter.  The  ground  for  about  the  space"  of  u. 
squai-e  league,  was  litei-ally  covered  with  dead  .aid 
vvounded._  l.\  many  places  the  bursting  of  shell* 
had  promiscuously  heaped  togetiier  men  and  hor- 
ses. The  fire  of  llie  iiowitzers  had  been  sj  des  rue 
tive,  tiiat  heaps  of  bodies  lay  scattered  rtvei-  tiie  plain; 
and  w^here  the  ground  was  not  encumbered  with  tne 
slain,  it  was  covered  with  broken  i.uicc,,,  luuskeis, 
helmets,  and  cuirasses,  or  witii  grape  shot  ;utd  bal- 
lets, as  numerous  as  had  stones  after  a  violent  storu). 
'■But  the  most  horrid  spectacle  (continues  our  uu- 
tlior)  was  the  interior  of  the  ravines,  where  almost 
all  the  wounded,  who  were  able  to  drag  Jieiiiselves 
along,  had  taken  refuge  to  avoid  further  injury. 
Those  miserable  wretches  heaped  one  upon  anotner, 
and  swimming  in  their  blood,  uttere  Itiiemost  lie  rt 
rending  groans.— Tliey  frequently  iiivok-ed  death 
with  piercing  cries,  and  eagerly  besought  us  lo  put 
an  end  to  their  agonies."  Sucii  arasome  of  the  de- 
tails of  this  glorious  battle,  which  we  lay  beiore  our 
readers,  not  for  the  purpose  o  shocking  dieir  feel- 
ing,  bui  because  we  think  ihey  serve  lo  place  w.iat 
is  called  miliary  glory  in  Ils  true  light— ai»d  Uuu  in 
some  measure,  lo  correc  tliose  false  impressions  un- 
der w. icn  mankind  have  been  in  all  ag-es,  so  mucli 
blinded  to  tiie  true  natm-e  of  the  warrior's  exploits. 
Ti  ey  would  ans'.ver  a  still  gre;iter  purpose,  if  Uiej 
would  tend  to  soften  the  hearts  of  t;io,e  cold  and 
calculating  poliiicians,  who  make  war  without  any 
cmsidjra  ion  jf  its  mise  ies,  a  id  regard  the  plea 
of  humanity  as  a  vulgar  common  place,  altogedier 
unfit  to  be  taken  into  the  account  of  their  mjgiian- 
imous  deliberations. 


Battle  of  V*  aterloo. 

Extract  of  a  letter,  dated  -Brussels,  Jidy  16. 

I  have  visited  vhe  field  of  batile.  The  sleep  of 
the  dead  is  sound.  On  the  spot  wiiere  tliis  day  month 
thousands  thronged  and  fought,  where  thousands 
sunk  and  bletl,  and  groaned,  and  died,  tliere  is  now 
not  a  living  soul,  and  over  all  hovers  the  stillness  of 
the  grave. 

In  Ligny  2000  dead  vy-ere  buried.  Here  fouglit 
tlie  Westphalian  and  Berg  regiments.  Ligny  is  a 
village  built  of  stone  and  thaiched  with  straw,  on 
a  small  s>ream  which  flows  through  flat  meadows.  In 
the  village  are  several  farm  houses,  enclosed  with 
walls  and  gates.  Every  farm  house  the  Prussi ms 
had  converted  into  a  fortress. — The  French  endea- 
Toured  t©  peneirat?  tlyrouji'htli^YilJaj-e  by  ojcan^-  oi 


StPPLEMENT  TQ  NILES'  REGISTEI^-P  VRIS  MUSElBft^ 


1% 


superior  immbers.  Four  times  were  they  driven 
oui:  At  l;isc  t  .ey  set  on  tire  f.ain  houses  in  the  up- 
pe;  end  of  the  villag-e  witii  tlieir  howitzers.  Bar 
the  Prussians  stili  kept  their  ground  at  t!ic  lower 
end.  A  whole  conip.uiy  of  Wes\phalian  troops  fell 
in  til e  court  yurd  ut  the  church;  on  the  terrace  before 
the  church  lay  50  dead. 

In  the  evening  the  French  surrounded  the  village. 
The  Frussiun^  retired  half  a  league:  die  position 
was  lost;  and  it  is  inonipreiiensible  why  the  French 
did  not  ibllow  up  the  advantage  they  had  ob  ained, 
and  again  attack  die  Prussians  in  the  nigiit.  This 
WaS  on  the  16l!i.  I'Jie  same  day  a  French  column 
tnarched  by  the  high  road  of  Cliarieroi  to  Brussels. 

At  Qfiatre  Bras  they  found  the  duke  of  Brunswick 
and  ihe  prince  of  Oi'an.^e.  Here  tne  batt.e  was  as 
hoi  as  atLi;-,ny.  The  duke  let  himself  be  curried 
awav  b}-  i)is  ai'dor  into  the  fire  of  small  ai-ms;  a 
rniijkei.  ball  went  dii-ough  nis  bridle  hand  and  en- 
tared  ihe  belly;  tlie  liver  was  penetrated;  he  fell, 
an.d  breaihed  ids  last  in  ten  minutes.  His  sufferings 
were  short. 

At  the  inn  by  the  cros.?  roads  at  Quaire  Bras,  the 
contest  was  tne  hotiesl.  Hereare  the  most  graves. 
Tiie  wounded  reeled  into  the  inn  yard,  leaned  against 
the  vvulls,  and  then  sank  down.  There  are  still  the 
traces  of  blood  on  he  walls,  as  it  spouted  tbrth 
from  liie  wounds  witii  departing  liie. 

■Where  tlie  battle  was,  the  fields  are  completely 
trodden  down  for  a  circuit  o.''  about  a  league.  On 
both  sides  of  the  lugli  road,  ways  are  made  about 
lOt)  feet  broad,  and  you  can  still  follow  the  marcli 
of  the  battalions  in  all  directions  through  tiie  fine 
fields  of  maze. 

On  the  18th  the  battle  was  renewed  four  leagues 
nearer  Brussels,  on  both  sides  of  theliigii  road.  Tne 
spot  is  a  plain  sprinkled  with  hillocks. — The  dia- 
meter of  ihe  field  of  battle  may  be  about  a  league 
and  ahalf  Bonaparc placed  lamself  nearthe  farm 
house  of  Mount  Si.  Jean,  on  a  rising  ground,  whence 
he  cotdd  overlook  the  whole.  Beside  him  was  one 
Lacosie,  a  Walloon,  who  now  lives  near  tiie  hamlet 
of  j'elle  Alliance,  and  wiio  was  enijiloyed  as  a  gidde. 
This  ir.an  told  me  as  follows: — When  the  Prussians 
came  out  of  the  wood  of  Fritsehermont,  Bonaparte 
observed  them  with  his  glass,  and  asked  one  of  ids 
adjutants  v.  ho  tliey  were;  the  latter  upon  looking 
through  his  glass,  replied,  "they  are  the  Prussian 
colours."  Tliat  moment  his  face  assumed  ;•.  chalky 
whiteness,  as  if  the  ghost  of  the  sainted  q.iccn  of 
Prussia  had  appeared  to  him,  whom  he  persecuted 
to  death.  He  said  nothing,  but  merely  once  shook 
his  head.  Wlien  he  saw  tiiav  the  battle  was  lost, 
he  rode  off  wit!i  his  general  stafi^'  and  the  above 
guide.  He  had  told  Lac.oste  th.it  he  wished  to  be 
conducted  by  a  b)  e  road  to  Charleroi." 

Gcnappe  is  an  open  market  town,  a  league  and  a 
half  from  the  field  of  battle,  through  which  runs 
the  Dyle,  a  small  stream.  At  the  lower  end  of  Ge- 
nappe  lies  an  iron  forge,  which  it  drives.  A  quarter 
of  a  mile  lower  lies  the  village  of  Ways,  at  which 
there  is  a  bridge.  An  officer  had  arrived  at  Ge- 
nappe  about  five  in  the  afternoon  with  orders  to 
withdraw  the  baggage.  He  had  already  considered 
the  battle  as  lost,  because  the  reserves  had  been 
brought  into  the  fire.— ^Vhen  the  flight  became 
alm.ost  universal,  the  military  waggons  were  driven 
sixteen  alireast  on  the  causeway.  In  the  narrow  of 
Genappe  they  were  wedged  in  together,  and  La- 
cosie relates  that  it  took  an  horn*  and  a  half  to  get 
through  them.  It  w.s  half  past  twelve  at  night 
before  tliey  got  out  of  the  town,  with  150  horses  of 
the  staft",    I  ask«4  him  why  he  did  njt  t*ke  Bona- 


parte  by  tlie  bridge  of  Ways,  where  nobody  passed; 
lie  replied,  "I  was  notaw^reof  this  roivi." 

Thus,  with  all  the  maps  of  the  war  depot,  witii 
all  the  engineer  geographers,  who  v/itii  their  repeat- 
ing circles  can  set  off  the  geographical  posinon  of 
places  even  to  a  second,  and  with  a  large  staff.  Bo*- 
naparte  iiere  depended  on  the  ignorance  of  a  pea- 
sant, who  did  not  know  that  there  was  a  bridge  ovef 
the  Dyle  at  Ways.  People  talk  a  great  deal  of  mili- 
tary skill  and  military  science,  while  oftener  in  de- 
cisive movements  the  whole  depends  upon  the 
knowlegeof  a  common  m  ai. 

In  the   village  of  Plancheix)ir,   the  fotuih   of  «r 
league  from  Bede  Alliance,    he  guards  were  posted. 
The  principal  house  in  tne  village  is  nearly  biu-nt 
down.     It  is  inhabited  by  a  very  intelligent   farmer 
of  the  name  of  Bernhard.— He,"like  all    tlie   otliers, 
had  lied  on  the  day  of  battle,  but  witnessed,   on  aa 
opposite  height,  the  combat  between  Bulow  and  the 
French   reserve,  and  could  give  a  very  good  des- 
cription of  it.     He  carried  me  to  the  key  of  the  po- 
sition opposite  Fritsehermont.     He  told  me  that  the 
peasant  who  guided  Bulow's  army,  resolved  not  to; 
come  out  of  .he  wood  at  Fritsehermont,  but  to  de- 
scend into  the  valley  lower  down,  and  to  penetrate 
by  Pianciicrnoir,  neai-iy  in  the   rear  of  tlie    Fi-ench 
reserves.    "Then,"  said  he,  "we  shall  take  them  all." 
The  period  was  truly  most  critical  wlien  the  Prus- 
sians came  to  the  attack.  Wellington  was  hard  press- 
ed, all  his  reserves  were  already  in  action,   he  vva.s 
already  compelled  to  withdraw  some  of  his  artillerv, 
and  a  countryman,   from  the  vicinity  of  Braine  Ja 
Lead,  told  ?ae  that  he  saw  some  of  his  army;  (as  he 
vxpressed  h)  en  (lebanda£-e.     Bonaparte  was  proba- 
bly only  Vv^ai'lng  for   the  moment  when,   witli    ins 
guards,  he  chotdd  decide  tlie   day.     We  shudder 
when    we   reflect,  that  at    his  important  moment, 
all    depended  on  the  local  knowlege  of  a  single  pea- 
sant.    Had  he  guided  wrong,  had  he  led  tlieni  into 
the  hallow  v/ay  through  wnich  the  cannon  could  not 
pass — had  Bulow's  army  came  up  an  hour  later,   the 
scale  had  probably  descended    on  tlie  other   side. 
Had  Bonaparte  been  victorious;  and  advanced  to  the 
Rhine,  the  French  nation  would  have  been  intoxica- 
ted wich  victory,  and  with  wliat    they  call    nati,)nal 
glory;  and  a  levy  en  masse  would  have  been  etfeclerl 
throughout  all  France. 

"^From  late  London  papers. 

The  Museum  at  Paris. 

[From  Miss  William's  narrative.] 
When  the  direfid  triiLJi  was  promulgated,  whoi 
language  can  paint  the  vai-iety  and  violence  of  pas- 
sion wliicii  raged  in  e^•ery  Frenchii.an's  breas;? 
curses,  louder  and  longer  tlian  those  iieaped  upon 
the  liead  of  Obadiah,  were  poured  out  on  the  allits 
by  the  enraged  Parisians.  Tiiey  forgot  all  othe.- 
miseries;  the  project  of  blowing  up  bridges,  pillage, 
spoliation,  massacres,  war-taxes,  the  dismember- 
ment of  empires;  all  these  they  wiped  "away  from 
tlieir  tablet:,."  No  longer  were  their  lieads  plotting 
on  tyranny,  on  liberty;  tiiey  tiiouglit  no  more  of  the 
cessioii  of  fortresses,  and  the  fate  of  the  constitu- 
tional chart;  ;dl  principles,  feelings,  hopes,  and  fear,^,, 
were  absorbed  ia  this  one  great  and  horrible  humil- 
iation. 

While  Ihe  allied  troops  employed  in  the  remcv.d 
of  the  Corinthian  horses,  all  paoses  to  tlie  place  ot" 
the  Carousel  v/ers  guarded  by  Austrian  cavalr^", 
posted  at  the  avenues  of  t!ie  streets  that  led  tu  it. 
Tb.e  place  of  the  Carousel  was  forl>idclen  ground  o^.  ' 
ly  ta  the    Fi-w;'.!.    Forcign-crs  hr.'d  Jib'crty  to  !:.voU 


IH^ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— CLERICAL  .MODESTY. 


it  as  often  as  tbey  pleased.  1  heard  an  officer  call 
CUV  to  an  Austrian  gUi.rd  wlio  ;:esitated,  "1  am  an 
fenjjlishinan  and  have  a  rig-ht  to  pass."  Tiie  claim 
■\v;.s  admitied. 

The  gates  the  most  vigilantly  guarded  during 
some  days,  against  the  inrubion  of  .he  French,  were 
those  oi' die  galler\  ofche  Lou.  re.  li.  was  said  th:;i 
tiii.s  measure  was  luken  horn  motives  of  tenderness 
to  tiiose  feelings  which  the  ^.ccjie  wiliiin  must  na  u- 
raily  have  eiciied  in  uie  Fi  encn;  bui  it  was  rumor- 
ed also,  that  exasperation  might  produce  violence, 
anil  ilie  pictures  niigiit  be  detacetl,  and  liie  staiues 
liiu  ilai.Ld.  TiiC  troops  ol  each  nation  took  this 
po;.  by  turns.  It  was  that  of  tiie  Ausirians  at  my 
iasx:  visit.  Tuere  they  stood,  defiance  in  llieir  eye 
against  all  frenchmen,  and  i,  esh  gi  een  bi-anches 
Stuck  in  their  capi;  ihii  is  the  usual  orn  meiit  of 
ihc  Austrian  soldier's  hat  or  cap,  when  in  cam- 
mign;  but  these  branches  appear  so  much  lUce  sym- 
bol.-, oi  victor. ,  thui  tuey  are  higidy  offensive  to  tue 
t"rencl».  Wn^u  foreigners  required  admirt.mce,  ;he 
doors  were  thrown  open.  Tlie  Fiencnmen  who 
were  ret'u&ed,  glanced  at  the  laurelled-cap,  bit  their 
lips,  muttered  imprecations,  and  vvimdj-ew. 

Some  few  had,  liov.ever,  tlie  address  to  procure 
entrance;  they  were  but  few;  I  found  some  artists 
paci.ig  the  gallery  o1  paiiuin;<s;  they  had  an  air  of 
distraction,  and  were  muttering  curses,  "not  loud 
bu;  deep." — Que  le  tonnerre  du  Ciei!  Ou!  e'en  est 
trop!"  and  other  excl.anations  in  the  same  style.  A 
fliiil  sensation  came  across  my  heart  when  I  de- 
jxended  to  tiie  halls  of  tlie  sculpture,  and  saw  the 
vacant  pedesud  on  whicii  had  siood  "the  statue  that 
enchants  the  world '  I  gazed  on  the  p  destal;  one  of 
the  old  liveried  attendants  of  the  hall,  ir.terpreiing 
m\  looks,  said  to  me  in  a  sorrowful  tone,  "An!  ma- 
drim,  sue  is  gone,  1  shall  never  see  her  again!" — 
"Gone,"  said'l,  "Yes,  madam,  she  set  out  but  this 
vers  n.ornin^  at  thiee  o'clock,  et  sons  bunne  escune." 
Tne  old  man  seemed  to  mourn  over  Venus  as  ii'  she 
liad  been  his  daughter. 

The  adjoihing  hall  presented  a  few  days  afcer  a 
jr.ost  meli-.ncnoly  spectacle  Tiiere  lay  tiie  Apollo 
on  the  floor  in  his  coittn.  The  workmen  were  bu- 
sied in  preparing  htm  for  hi&  journey,  by  wedgiiij^ 
him  in  Ids  shell;  and  an  artist  was  tracing  bis  celes- 
tial features,  wlien  the  trowel  widi  its  M'hitepa^  e 
j)assed  across  his  diviite  visage  His  arm  was  ma- 
jesiically  stretched  out.  Tue  i'rench  artists  who 
were  present,  wept  over  it;  they  pressed  hi.-;  liaiids 
to  Their  lips,  and  bade  him  a  last  adieu!  Tiie  scene 
was  nov.'  closed  on  that  perfect  image  wortliy  of 
almost  divine iionors.  He  was;  going  to  add  anew 
glory  to  Home,  and  draw  nesv  pilgrims  to  ids  smine; 
h'.i.  to  Paris  iie  was  lost  forever,  and  she  might  well 
deploie  her  calamity;  siie  had  indeed  seized  hiin  as 
Iser  captive,  but  she  had  gazed  (in  ium  with  unwea- 
ried admiration;  s!ie  had  haiied  him  as  tlie  most 
.splendid  trophy  of  victory;  and  she  would  have  pur 
Aliased  Ids  stay  with  her  treasures,  even  with  her 
bluod,  hadnoi.  resistance  been  unavailing. 

In  the  package  olthese  divlr.ities  much  apprehen- 
sion was  fell  of  dieir  sustaining  some  injury.  The 
necessary  aids  and  .ools  were  wanting,  iio  rewards 
no  menaces,  however,  could  prevail  on  the  French, 
wociieleurs,  porieis,  and-  laborers,  plying  in  tlie 
.streets  lor  emplo^men',  to  lend  their  aid.  The 
Freiicli,  of  the  lowest  ciaas,  were  too  indignant  and 
nnulnous  to  be  the  abettors  ot^stich  sp-oliation.  Tue 
l.;uders  of  tiie  master  o!' an  exhibition  of  singes  sev- 
ans,  leari\ed  monkeys,  m  the  neighbor] looJ  of  tlie 
Louvre,  were,  at  iengtlt,  \)vX  in  requisiliou  to  un- 
liang  the  pictures.  The  pylhian  divinity  of  ol\;ii- 
p'js  jay  in  the  .■streets  all  ni^^ht,  tJid  might  have  suf- 


fered from  any  accidental  tumult;  and  the  Venu.s  de 
Medicis  was  fated,  like  an  ai^andoned  female,  to  lake 
uji  iier  abode  tor  some  hours  in  a  common  guard 
hou.'ie. 

The  commissaries  of  the  dukeof  Tusc.my,  havhtg- 
sent  off  he  Venus,  laid  tiieir  hands  on  the  Madonna 
della  Se    .ia. 

T.e  Spaniards  claimed  dieir  share  in  thi:;  eneral 
distribution,  and  succeeded  better  dian  thcv  had 
done  in  their  purpose  of  invasion;  of  which  ii  appen-s 
ihal  the  princijial  motive  was  that  ot  obtaining  new 
cloathes,  since  the*  nad  heard,  wi  h  souie  envy,  that 
almos.  ail  tjie  troops  or  Europe  had  m.^detlieir  toi- 
lette at  the  expense  of  France 

And  las  ly  presented  liierubelves  the  coir.missarics 
of  the  king  ot  Sardiid.v — They  c;'.me  tit  an  urihicky 
moment.  The  Austri.tn  i.iiavd  at  the  museum  ii:.d 
been  called  away  to  assist  in  the  removal  of  the 
horses  a'  the  TJiuiileries.  Tne  gu.irdians  ol' the  nwi- 
seum,  raised  into  i",di^na;ion  at  tlie  attack  of  iiese 
new  commis.sai'ies  collected  their  forces,  consisting 
of  numerous  workinen,  andwidi  brush  and  brooia 
swept  the  Sai-dinians  out  of  the  gallery. 


Clerical  Modesty. 

It  is  not  because  the  catholic  clergy  are  part icult-.rly 
mentioned  in  the  following  article  Ihat  we  direct 
attention  to  it;   bu>  to  exliibit  anotiier  proof  tiiat 
clergymen  of  every  denomination   emb. idled   br 
law,  do  MO?  consider  tJieir  kingdom  to   be  situated 
entirely  ou    of  this  world!     Let  us  be  grateful  for 
exemption  from   the  two  grand  scourge,  of  man- 
kind, an  established  ciuirch  and  monarchy! 
"Yesterdai'  says  a  Loiulon  paper  of  August    20, 
two  mails  arrived  from  Holland  and  one  from  Flan- 
ders.    From  the  papers  and  priva'C  letters  by  those 
conveyances,  it  appears  that  those  bigot  ted  catholic 
clergy  of  Belgium  have    zealously  bestirred    them- 
selves, among  their  implicit  and   credulous   follow- 
ers, to  procure  t'le  rejection  of  the  new  const!  utiorj 
for  the  United  Xetiierlar.ds,  because  it   tolerates  all 
forms  of  worship,  and  guarantees  the   admissibiiity 
of  all  ciiizens  to  oiiico,  without  regard  to  tiieir  re- 
lig'iotis  persuasion.     The  bisiiop  of  Ghent  has  par- 
ticularly manifested  iiis  apoi  olic  wradi  against  Uiig 
encioaclimeni  upon  tiie  monopoly  of  the  g-ood  things 
ofthislile,   heretofore   enjoyed  by  the  fai  hful.     In 
addition    o  a  pastural  insiruction  on  the  stibject,  he 
caused   his  vicar-general  to   address  the    following' 
godly  epiotle  to  tlie  notables  of  his  diocese. 

"Gemlemen,  from  the  pastoral  Instruction  of  the 
bishop  of  Ghent,  and  more  especially  from  t'ne  aii- 
thorhies  of  the  sovereign  Pontiffs,  Pius  the  Vlth. 
and  Vlitli,  you  must  be  convinced  tiiai  the  project 
of  tlie  new  co'.tsitution  contains  articles  diameiri- 
cally  contrary  to  our  holy  relig-Ion,  ;.nd  tliat,  conse/ 
qucn  ly,  it  cannot  be  accepted  by  any  good  catholic. 
It  is  therefore  our  duy  to  enjohi  you — and  wo  to  uj 
if  we  do  not  fulfil  it,  as  also  wo  to  ycti  if  you  do  n»t 
regard  us  as  the  organs  of  the  catholic  religi  m,  wiiw 
urge  you  to  be  zealous  for  its  j^preservation — it  is 
tlieretbre,  we  repeat,  otir  duty  to  enjoin  you,  as  W« 
by  these  presents  do,  to  rejeci  this  project  purely 
and  simp:y.  Ttiis  the  goodness  of  his  mije.^ty  oiu' 
king  permits  \ou  to  do,  in  selecfing  yoti  to  vote  fo!" 
the  rejection  or  a.ccep lance  of  the  said  project,  ar.d, 
in  securing  to  the  eatliolic  church  iis  stute  and  itifc 
liberties.  V/ch.ive  tlie  honor,  &.c. 
(yigncd) 

FOHGUER,  Vicar-rreneral. 
Bv  order,  J.  r!jiovitr..TCK>t,  9.-^c--,-\-. 

"Maiihe!'.  -if^  Jvjf.  1«14. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— THE  GRAND  CANAL.     145 


The  Grand  Canal. 

Jitemorial  of  the  citizens  of  JVe~.o-York,  in  favor  of 
a  Canal  navigation  between  the  great  Western 
Lakes  and  tlie  Tide-Waters  of  the  Hudson. 

To  the  Legislature 

of  the  state  of  NeW-York, 

The  memorial  of  the  subscribers  in  favor  of  a  Ca- 
nal Navigation  between  the  great  western  hikes  and 
the  tide-waters  of  the  Hudson,  most  respectfully 
represents: 

That  they  approach  the  Legislature  with  a  solici- 
tude proportioned  to  tlie  importance  of  this  great 
uiulertaking,  arid  with  a  confidence  fouTwied  on  the 
enliixhtened  public  spirit  of  the  constituted  author- 
ities. If,  in  presenting  the  various  considerations 
•vvhich  have  induced  them  to  make  this  appeal,  they 
fchould  occupy  more  time  than  is  usual  on  common 
occasions,  they  must  stand  justified  by  the  impor- 
tance of  the  object:  Connected  as  it  is  with  the  es- 
sential interests  of  our  coinitry,  and  calculated  in 
its  commencement  to  reflect  honor  on  the  state,  and 
in  its  completion,  to  exalt  it  to  an  elevation  of  un- 
parallelled  prosperity;  your  memorialists  are  fully 
])ersuaded  that  centuries  may  pass  away  before  a 
subject  is  again  presented  so  wortiiy  of  all  your  at 


the  distance  between  places,  and  therefore  encour- 
age the  cul'iivationof  the  most  extensive  and  re« 
mote  parts  of  the  country.      They  create  new  sour- 
ces of  internal  trade,  and  augment  the  old  channels, 
for  the  moi-e  cheap  the  transportation,  the  more  ex- 
panded will  be  its  operation,  and  the  greater  the 
mass  of  the  products  of  the  country  for  sale,  the 
greater  will  be  tlie  commercial  exchange  of  return- 
ing merchandize,  and  the  greater  the  encourage- 
ment of  manufactures,  by  the  inci-eased  economy  and 
comfort  of  living,  together  with  the  cheapness  and 
abundance  of  raw  materials;   and  canals  are  conse- 
quently advantageous  to  towns  and  villages,  by  de- 
stroying the  monopoly  of  the  adjacent  country,  and 
advantageous  to  tJie   whole   country;    for  though 
some  rival  commodities  may  be  introduced  into  the 
old  markets,  yet  many  new  markets  will  be  opened 
by  increasing  population,  enlarging  old  and  erect- 
ing new  towns,  augmienting  individual  and  aggregate 
wealtli,  and  extending  foreign  commerce. 

The  prosperity  of  ancient  Egypt  and  China,  may 
in  a  great  degree  be  attributed  to  their  inland 
navigation.  With  little  foreign  commerce,  the  for- 
mer of  tiiose  countries  by  these  means  attained,  and 
the  latter  possesses  a  population  and  opulence  in 
proportion  to  their  extent,  unequalled  in  any  other. 
And  England  and  Holland,  the  most  commercial  na- 


tention,  and  so  deserving  of  all  your  patronage  and(  tions  of  modern  times,   deprived  of  their  canals. 


support 

The  improvement  of  the  means  of  intercourse  be- 
tween different  parts  of  the  same  country,  has  al- 
ways been  considered  the  first  duty,   and  the  most 
noble  employment  of  government.      If  it  be  impor- 
tant that  tlie  inhabitants  of  the  same  countiy  should 
be  bound  together  by  a  community  of  interests,  ami 
a  reciprocation  of  benefits;   that  agriculture  shovdd 
find  a  sale  for  its  pro*luctjons;   manufactures  a  vent 
for  their  fabrics;   and  commerce  a  market  for  its 
convmodities;  it  is  your  incumbent  duty,  to  open,  fa- 
cilitate and  improve  internal  navigation.      'l"he  pre- 
eminent advantages  of  canals  have  been  established 
bv  the  unerring  test  of  experience.     They  unite 
etieapness,  celerity,  certainty  and  safety  in  the  trans- 
portation of  commodities.  It  is  calculated  that  the  ex- 
pense of  transporting  on  a  canal,  amounts  to  one  cent 
a  ton  per  mile,  or  one  dollar  a  ton  for  one  hundred 
miles,   while  the  usual  cost  by  land  conveyance,  is 
one  dollar  and  sixty  cents  per  hundred  weight,   or 
t!iirty-tWQ  dollars  a  ton  for  the  same  distance.    The 
celerity  and  certainty  of  this  mode  of  transportation 
are  evident.     A  loaded  boat  can  be  towed  by  one  or 
two  horses  at  the  rate  of  thirty  miles  a  day.     Hence 
the  seller  or  buyer  can  calculate  with  sufficierit  pre- 
cision on  his  sales  or  purchases,  the  period  of  their 
arrival,  the  amount  of  their  avails,  and  the  extent  of 
their  value.      A  vessel  on  a  canul  is  independent  of 
winds,  tides,  and  currents,  and  is  not  exposed  to  the 
delays  attending  conveyances  by  land:  and  with  re- 
gard to  safety,   there  can  be  no  competition.      The 
injuries  to  which  commodities  are  exposed  wh«n 
transported  by  land,  and  the  dangers  to  wiiiQh  they 
are  liable   when  conveyed  by  natural  waters,   are 
rarely  experienced  on  canals.     In  the  latter  way, 
comparatively  speaking,  no  risk  is  incurred,  no  waste 
is  encountered,  and  no  insurance  is  required.  Hence, 
it  follows,  that  canals  operate  upon  the  general  inte- 
rests of  society,  in  the  same  way  that  machines  for 
saving  labor  do  in  manufactures;  they  enable  the  far- 
mer, the  mechanic  and  the  merchant  to  convey  their 
commodities  to  market,    and  to  receive  a  return  at 
least  thirty  times  cheaper  than  by  roads.  As  to  all  the 
^purposes  of  beneficial  commujiic;itixjn,  they  dtn\inLsli 
T 


would  lose  the  most  prolific  sources  of  their  pros- 
perity and  greatness.^  Inland  navigation,  is  in  fact 
to  the  same  community  what  exterior  navigation  is 
to  the  great  family  of  mankind.  As  the  ocean  con- 
nects the  natioas  of  the  earth,  by  the  ties  of  com» 
merce,  and  tlie  benefits  of  communication,  so  do 
lakes,  rivers  and  canals  operate  upon  the  inhabitants 
of  the  same  country:  and  it  has  been  well  observed, 
tliat  "were  we  to  make  the  supposition  of  two  states 
the  one  havingall  its  cities,  towns  and  villages  upon 
navigable  rivers  and  canals,  and  having  an  easy  com- 
munication with  each  otlier:  the  other  possessing 
the  common  conveyance  of  land  carriage,  and  sup- 
posing both  states  to  be  equal  fls  to  soil,  climate 
and  industry,  commodities  and  manufactures  in  the 
fonner  state  might  be  furnished  thirty  ip«r  cent, 
cheaper  than  in  the  latter;  or  in  other  words,  the 
first  state  would  be  a  third  richer,  and  more  affluent 
than  the  other. 

The  general  arguments  in  favor  of  inland  navigav 
tion,  apply  with  peculiar  force  to  the  United  States, 
and  most  emphatically  to  tliis  state.     A  geographi- 
cal view  of  the  country,   will  at  once  demonstrate 
the  unexampled  prosperity  that  will  arise  from  our 
cultivating  the  advantages  which  natui-e  has  dispen- 
sed wi  h  so  liberal  a  hand.     A  great  chain  of  moun- 
tains passes  tlirough  the  United  Slates,  and  divides 
them  into  ea.stei  n  and  western  America.     In  vai-ioue 
places,   rivers  break  through  those  mauntains  and 
are  ijnally  discharged  into  the  ocean.      To  the  west 
there  is  a  collection  of  inland  lakes  exceeding  in  its 
aggregate  extent,  some  of  the  most  celebrated  sea^ 
of  the  old  world.    Atlantic  America,  on  account  of 
the  priority  of  its  settlement,  its  vicinity  to  the 
ocean,  and  its  favorable  position  for  commerce,  has 
many  advantages.     The  western  country,  however, 
has  adeciiled  superiority  in  the  fertility  of  its  soil, 
the  benignity  of  its  climate,  and  the  extent  of  its  ter- 
ritory.      To  connect  these  great  sections  by  inland 
navigation,   to  imite  our  Mediterranean  seas  with 
the  ocean,  is  evidently  an  object  of  the  first  import- 
ance to  the  genertil  prosperity.     Nature  has  tfilcled 
this  in  some  mea  urc;    Uie  St.   Lawrence  emanates 
from  tlKkiki».s,  anddkchaigcs  itself  hito  ti^e  peaan 


i46    SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— THE  GRAND  CANAL. 


in  a  foreign  territory.  Some  of  the  streams  which 
flow  into  the  Mississippi,  originate  near  the  Great 
X-.'.kes,  and  pass  round  the  chain  of  mountains. 
Some  of  the  waters  of  this  suite  winch  pass  mto 
Laice  Ontario  approach  the  Alohawk;  but  oui-  Hud- 
son has  decided  advantag-es.  It  atlords  a  tide  navi- 
gation for  vessels  of  eig-lity  tons  to  Albany  and  Troy 
i6o  miles  above  New- York,  and  this  peculiarity  dis- 
tinguishes it  from  all  the  other  bays  and  rivers  m 
the  United  States,  viz. 

The  importance  of  the  Hudson  river  to  the  old 
settled  parts  of  tlie  .state,  may  be  ob.served  in  the 
immense  wealth  which  is  daily  borne  on  its  \vaters, 
in  the  flourishing  villages  and  cities  on  its  banks,  and 
in  the  opulence  and  prosperity  of  all  the  country  con- 
nected with  it,  either  remotely  or  immediately.  It 
Tiiay  also  be  readily  conceived,  if  we  only  suppose 
that  by  some  awful  physical  calamity,  some  over- 
•tt'helming  convulsion  of  nature,  this  great  river  was 
exhausted  of  its  waters;  where  then  would  be  the 
abtmdance  of  our  markets,  the  prosperity  of  our  far- 
mers, the  wealth  of  our  merchants.''  Our  villages 
would  become  deserted;  our  floiu-ishing  cities  would 
be  converted  into  masses  of  mouldering  ruins,  and 
this  state  Vi^ould  be  precipitated  into  poverty  and  in- 
significance. If  a  river  or  natiu-al  canal,  navigable 
about  170  miles,  has  been  productive  of  such  signal 
benefits,  what  blessing  might  not  be  expected,  if  it 
were  extended  300  miles  tlu-ough  the  most  fertile 
country  in  the  universe,  and  imited  with  the  great 
seas  of  the  west!  The  contemplated  canal  would  be 
this  extension,  and  viewed  in  reference  only  to  the 
productions  and  consumptions  of  the  state,  would 
perhaps  convey  more  riches  on  its  waters,  than  any 
other  canal  in  the  world.  Connected  with  the  Hud- 
son, it  might  be  considered  as  a  navigable  stream 
that  extends  450  miles  through  a  fruitftd  country, 
embracing  a  great  population,  and  abounding  with 
all  the  productions  ol  industry:  if  we  were  to  sup- 
pose all  the  rivers  and  canals  in  England  and  Wales 
combined  into  one,  and  discliarged  into  the  ocean  at 
a  great  city,  after  passing  through  the  heart  of  that 
country,  then  we  cau  form  a  distinct  idea  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  projected  canal;  btit  it  indeed  com- 
prehends within  its  influence  a  greater  exten;  of  ter- 
ritory, which  will  in  time  embrace  a  greater  popula- 
tion If  this  work  be  so  important,  when  we  confine 
our  views  to  this  state  alone,  how  unspeakably  ben- 
eficial must  it  appear  when  we  extend  our  contem- 
plations to  the  great  lakes,  and  the  country  afflicted 
with  them!  Waters  extending  tVvo  thousand  miles 
from  the  beginning  of  the  canal,  and  a  country  con- 
taining more  territory  than  all  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  and  at  least  as  much  as  France. 

"  While  we  do  not  pretend  that  all  the  trade  of  our 
Western  world  will  centre  in  any  given  place  (nor  in- 
deed would  it  be  desireable  if  it  were  practicable, 
because  we  sincerely  wish  the  prosperity  of  all  the 
states,)  yet  we  contend  that  our  natural  advantages 
are  so  transcendent,  that  it  is  in  our  power  to  obtain 
the  greater  part,  and  put  successful  competition  at 
de'fiance.  As  all  th«  other  communications  are  im- 
peded by  mountains;  the  only  formidable  rivals  of 
New-York  for  this  great  prize,  are  New-Orleans  and 
Montreal,  the  former  relying  on  the  Mississippi,  and 
'  the  latter  on  the  St.  Lawrence. 

'  In  considering  this  subject,  we  v/ill  suppose  the 
cbmmencemcnt  of  the  canal  somewhere  near  the  out- 
let of  Lake  Erie. 
'  ■  The  inducements  for  preferring  one  market  to 
another,  involve  a  vai-iety  of  considerations:  theprin- 
<5ipalare  the  cheapnj;ssHUtJ. facility  ef  transportation 


and  the  goodness  of  the  market.  If  a  cultivator  or 
manufacturer  can  convey  his  commodities  widi  the 
same  e:ise  and  expediuon  to  New-York,  and  obuin 
a  higher  pr.ce  for  them  than  at  Montreal  or  New- 
Orleans,  and  at  the  same  time  supply  liiraseif  at  a 
cheaper  rate  with  such  aiticles  as  he  may  wain  in 
return,  he  will  undoubtedly  prefer  New- York.  It 
ought  also  to  be  distinctly  understood,  thai  a  dif- 
ference in  price  may  be  equalized  by  a  diiierence  in 
the  expense  of  conveyance,  and  that  the  vicinity  of 
the  market  is  at  all  times  a  consideration  of  great 
importance. 

From  Buffalo,  at  or  near  the  supposed  commence- 
ment of  the  canal,  it  is  450  miles  to  the  city  of 
New- York,  and  from  that  city  to  the  ocean,  20  miles. 
From  Buffalo  to  Montreal  350  miles;  from  Montre- 
al to  the  chops  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  450.  From 
Buffalo  to  New-Orleans  by  the  great  lake^,  and  the 
Illmo.s  river,  2,250  miles;  from  New-Orleans  'o  the 
Giilph  of  Mexico,  1 00.  Hence  the  distance  from 
Buffalo  to  the  ocean  by  the  way  of  New-York,  is 
470  miles;  by  Montreal  80ii:  and  by  New-Orleansj 
2,350. 

As  the  upper  lakes  have  no  important  outlet  but 
into  Lake  Erie,  we  are  warranted  in  saying  that  all 
their  trade  must  be  auxiliary  to  its  trade,  and  that 
a  favorable  communic:ition  by  water  from  Buffalo, 
will  render  New-York  the  great  depot  and  woi-e- 
house  of  the  western  world. 

In  order,  however  to  obviate  all  objections  that 
may  be  raised  against  the  place  of  comparison,  let 
us  take  three  positions,  Cliicago  near  the  south- 
west end  of  lake  Michigan,  and  a  creek  of  that  name 
which  sometimes  communicates  with  the  Illinois, 
the  nearest  river  from  the  lakes  to  the  Mississippi: 
Detroit,  on  the  river  of  that  name  between  lakes  St. 
Clair  and  Erie;  and  Pittuburgh,  at  the  conflirence  of 
the  Alleghany  and  Monongohela  rivers,  forming  the 
head  or"  the  Ohio,  and  communicating  with  Le  Bcuf 
bv  water,  which  is  distant  fifteen  miles  from  Lake 
Erie. 

The  distance  from  Chicago  to  the  ocean  by  New- 
York,  is  about  1,200  miles.  To  tiie  mouth  of  die 
Mississippi,  bv  New-Orleans  near  1,600  miles,  and 
to  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  by  Montreal,  near 
1,600  miles. 

The  distance  from  Detroit  to  the  ocean  by  New- 
York,  is  near  700  miles.  From  Detroit  to  the  oceart 
by  Montreal,  is  1,050  miles.  From  Detroit  to  the 
ocean  ptu'suing'  the  nearest  route  by  Cleveland,  and 
down  .he  Muskingum,  2,400  miles.  The  distance 
from  Pittsburg  to  the  ocean  by  Le  Beuf,  Lake  Erie, 
Buffalo  and  N.  York,  is  700  miles.  The  same  to  the 
ocean  by  Buffalo  and  Montreal  1,050  miles.  The 
same  to  the  ocean  by  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi, 
2,150  miles. 

These  different  comparative  viev.s  show  that 
New-York  has  in  every  instance,  a  decided  advan- 
tage over  her  great  rivals.  In  other  essential  ra- 
spects,  the  scale  preponderates  equally  in  her  fii- 
vor.  Supposing  a  perfect  equality  of  advantages  as 
to  the  navigation  of  the  lakes,  }et  from  Buffalo,  as 
the  point  of  departure,  there  is  no  comparison  of 
benefits.  PYom  that  place  the  voyager  to  Montre- 
al, has  to  encounter  the  inconveniences  of  a  portage 
at  the  cataract  of  Nigara,  to  load  and  unload  at  least 
three  times,  to  brave  the  tempests  of  Lake  Ontario 
and  the  rapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

In  like  manner  the  voyager  to  New-Orleans,  has  Z 
portage  between  between  the  Chicago  and  Illinois, 
an  inconvenient  navigation  of  tl.e  latter  stream,  be- 
sides the  well  lijiown  ob^tacjfip  and  hazards  of  tte 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NTLES'  REGISTER— THE  GRAND  CANAL.    147 


Mississippi.  And  until  the  invention  of  Steam-boats, 
an  ascencline;'  navig^ation  was  considered  almost  im- 
praciicable.  This  inconvenience  is.  however,  still  for- 
cibly experienced  on  that  river,  as  well  as  on  the  Sf 
Lawrence  between  Montreal  and  Lake  Ontario. 

The  navigation  from  Lake  Erie  to  Albany,  can  be 
completed  in  ten  days  with  perfect  safety  on  the  ca- 
nal, and  from  Albany  to  Xew-York,  there  is  the  best 
sloop  nivis^ation  in  the  world. 

From  •iuffJilo  io  Albany,  a  ton  of  commodities 
could  be  co:ivc'.ed  on  the  intended  canal,  for  three 
dollars,  a  id  fram  Albany  to  New-York,  according' 
to  rhe  present  prices  of  sloop  transportation,  foi- 
!§2  80  .ind  t;ie  return  cargoes  would  be  the  same. 

We  have  not  sufficient  data  upon  which  to  predi- 
cate very  accurate  esiimates  with  regard  to  Montre- 
al and  N"ew-Orleans;  but  we  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying,  that  the  descen'Hng-  conveyance  to  the  for- 
mer, would  be  four  times  the  expense,  and  lo  die 


■jf  our  country;  and  also,  with  merchandize  from 
all  parts  of  the  world.  Great  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments will  siJiing  up;  agriculture  will  esi.ablish 
its  granaries,  and  commerce  its  warehouses  in  all 
drect.ons.  Villages,  towns,  and  cities  wdl  line  the 
banks  ot  tiie  canal,  and  the  shores  of  the  Hudson 
from  Erie  to  Xew-York.  "Tlie  wilderness  and  the 
solitary  place  will  become  glad,  and  the  desert  will 
rejoiCe  and  blossom  as  the  rose." 

Tiie  following  will  give  an  idea  of  the  money  ex- 
pended on  such  works  in  England: 


Cost. 

JtKi'es, 

Tile  Rochdale  Canal, 

391,900/. 

31  1-2 

Eliesmei-e, 

400,900 

57 

Kennet  and  Avon, 

420,000 

78 

Grand  Junction, 

500,000 

90 

Leeds  and  Liverj^ool, 

800,000 

129 

Tlie  miles  of  canal  are  385  1-2,  and  the  cost 
2,411,900/.  sterling,  or  about  28,000  dollars   per 


latter  ten  times,   and  that  the  cost  of  the  ascending  ;  mile 
transportation  would  be  gi-eatly  enhanced.  1     But  in  the  estimation  of  the  cost  of  these  canals. 

It  has  been  stated  by  several  of  the  most  respecta-' unquestionably  the  price  of  the  land  over  which 
ble  citizetis  of  Ohio,  that  the  present  expense  of  they  pass  is  included,  and  this  is  enormous.  The 
transportation  by  water  from  the  city  of  New- York  land  ..Inne  for  one  canal  of  16  miles,  is  said  to  have 
to  Sandusky,  including  the  carrying  pluces,  is  cost  90,000/  sterling.  Wi.h  us  this  would  be  but 
§4  50  per  hundred,  and  allowing  it  to  cost  g2  per   small. 


hundred  for  transportation  to  Clinton,  the  geogra- 
phical centre  of  the  state,  the  whole  expense  would 
be  §6  5',  wiiich  is  only  fifty  cents  more  than  the 
transportation  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburgh,  and 
at  least  §2  50  less  than  the  transportation  by  land 
and  wa  erfrom  these  places,  and  that  in  their  opinion, 
New-York,  is  the  natural  emporium  of  that  trade, 
and  that  the  whole  commercial  intercourse  of  the 
western  country  north  of  the  Ohio,  will  be  secured 
to  he.-  bv  the  contemplated  canal. 

In  addiMon  to  this,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  St. 
Lawrence  is  generally  locked  up  by  ice  seven  months 
in  the  year,  during  which  time  produce  lies  a  dead 
weight  on  the  hands  of  the  owner;  that  the  naviga- 
tion from  Nev.'-York  to  the  ocean,  is  at  all  times  ea- 
sy, and  seldom  obstructed  by  ice,  and  that  the  pas- 
sage from  the  Balizeto  New-Orleans  is  tedious;  thai 
perhaps  one  out  of  five  of  the  western  boatmen,  who 
descend  the  Mississippi,  become  victims  to  disease; 
and  that  many  important  articles  of  western  produc- 
tion are  injured  or  destroyed  by  the  climate  New- 
York,  is,  therefore,  placed  in  a  happy  medium  lie- 
tween  the  insidubiious  hcatof  the  Mississippi,  and 
the  severe  cold  of  the  St.  Lavvrence.  She  has  al.so 
pre-eminent  advantages,  as  to  tiie  goodness  and  ex- 
tensiveness  of  her  market.  All  tlie  productions  of 
the  soil,  and  the  fabrics  ofart  can  command  an  ade- 
quate price,  and  foreign  conimodiiies  can  generally 
be  procured  at  a  lower  rate.  The  trade  of  tlie  Mis- 
•is  .ippi  is  already  in  the  hands  of  her  merchants,  and 
although  accidental  atid  transient  causes  may  have 
concurred  to  give  Montreal  an  ascendency  in  some 
points,  yet  the  superiority  of  New. York  is  founded 
in  nature,  and  if  improved  by  the  wisdom  of  govern- 
ment, must  always  soar  above  competition. 

Granting,  however,  that  the  rivals  of  New-York 
will  command  a  consider.ible  portion  of  tlie  western 
trade,  yet  it  must  be  obvious  from  these  united  con- 
siderations, that  she  will  etigross  more  than  suffi- 
cient to  render  her  the  greatest  commercial  city  in 
the  v.'orld.  The  whole  line  of  canal  will  exhil)il 
boats  loaded  with  flour,  porlc,  beef,  pot  and  pearl 
ashes,  flaxseed,  wheat,  barley,  corn,  hemp,  wool, 
flax,  iron,  lead,  copper,  salt,  gypsum,  coal,  tar,  'ur, 
peltry,  ginseng,  bees-wax,  cheese,  butter,  lard, 
staves,  lumber,  and  the  other  valuable  productions 


If  we  look  at  the  history  of  the  English  canals, 
we  shall  see  liow  many  objects  of  great  expense  are 
connected  wi.h  them,  with  w]iich  we  should  have 
nothing  to  do,  and  that  most  of  them  have  encoun- 
tered and  surmounted  obstacles  which  we  should 
not  meet  with.  For  instance,  the  Grand  Junction 
Canal  passes  more  than  once  the  great  ridge  whicii 
divides  the  waters  of  England;  ours  will  pass  over 
a  country  which  in  comparison  is  champaign. 

But  it  is  ."lid  thai  the  pr'.ce  of  labor  in  our  coun- 
try is  so  much  above  what  it  is  in  England,  tiiat  we 
must  add  greatly  to  the  cost  of  her  canals  in  esti- 
mating tlie  expense  of  ours.  But  that  is  certainly 
a  fiilse  conclusion,  for  not  only  must  the  pricr  of 
land  and  tiie  adventitious  objects  which  have  been 
before  referred  to,  be  deducted  from  the  cost  of  the 
foreign  canals,  but  we  must  consider  that  there  will 
be  almost  as  great  a  difference  in  our  favour  in  the 
cost  of  materials  and  brute  labor,  as  there  is  in  fa- 
vor of  England  as  lo  human  labor,  and  it  is  well 
known  that  so  much  human  labour  is  not  now  re- 
quired on  canals  as  formerly.  INIachines  for  facili- 
tating excavation  have  been  invented  and  used  M'itk 
great  success. 

Mr.  Gallatin's  report  on  canals  contains  several 
estimates  of  the  cost  of  conteiiqilated  ones.     From 
Weymouth  to  Taunton  in  Massacliusetts,  tlie  ex- 
pense of  a  canal  of  26  mile>,  with  a  lockage  of  260 
feet,  is  set  down  at  1,250,000  dollars.  From  BruiLS- 
wick  to  Trenton,  28  miies,  with  a  lockage  of  100 
feet,  800,000  dollars.     From  Christiana  to  Elk,  22 
miles,  with  a  lockage  of  148  feet,  750.000  dollars 
From  Elizabeth  river  to  Pasquotank,  22  miles  with 
a  lockage  of  40  feet,  250,000"  dollars.    Tliese  esti- 
mates tlius  vary   from  4S,000  to  less  than   12,000 
<lollars  a  mile,  and  furnish  the  medium  of  about 
.'31,000  dollars  a  inile.     But  it  must  be  observed, 
that  they  ai-e  for  soine  siTiall  distances,  calculated 
to  surmount  particular  obstacles,  and  contemplate 
a:"  4  -traordinary  number  of  locks,  ;inil  that  they  do 
noL  therefore  fiirni.;li   proper  data  from  whicli  to 
form   correct  conclusions,  with  rcipoot  to  the  pro- 
bable cost  of  an  extensive  canal  sonieiimes  rinining' 
over  a  great  number  of  miles  upon  a  level  wi'.jiout 
any  expense  (or  lockage  or  any  otlier  expense)  tliaii 
the  mere  earth  works. 
Mr.  Weston  before  mentioned,  cstimate<l    tiic  ex- 


148    SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—THE  GRAND  CANAL. 


pense  of  a  canal  from  the  tide  waters  at  Troy  to 
Lake  Ontario,  a  distance  of  167  miles,  (exclusive 
of  Lake  Oneida,)  going'  round  tlie  Cohoes,  and  em- 
fa  acing  55  locks  of  8  feet  lift  each,  at  2,200,000  dol- 
lars, a  little  more  than  13,000  dollars  a  mile. 

Fortunatelj'  however,  we  have  more  accurate  in- 
formation than  mere  estimates. 

In  the  appendix  to  Mr.  Gallatin's  report,  it  is 
stated  by  Mr.  Joshua  Gilpin,  tliat  "by  actual  mea- 
.surement,  and  the  sums  paid  on  the  feeder,  it  was 
found  that  one  mile  on  the  Delaware  and  Chesa- 
peake canal,  the  most  difficult  of  all  others,  from  its 
being  nearly  altogether  formed  through  hard  rocky 
ground,  cost  13,000  dollars,  and  one  otlier  mile  per- 
fectly level,  and  without  particuhu*  impediments, 
cost  2,300  dollars;  from  hence,  the  general  average 
would  be  reduced  to  7,650  dollars  per  mile." 

The  Middlesex  canal  in  Massachusetts,  runs  over 
28  miles  of  ground,  prcsentuig  obstacles  much 
greater  than  can  be  expected  on  the  route  v/e  pur- 
pose. This  canal  cost  478,000  dollars,  which  is 
about  17,000  dollars  a  mile.  It  contains  22  locks 
of  solid  masonry,  and  excellent  workmanship,  and 
•to  acccomplish  this  work,  it  was  necessary  to  dig 
in  some  places  to  the  depth  of  20  feet,  to  cut 
through  ledges  of  rocks,  to  fill  some  valleys  and 
morasses,  and  to  throw  several  aqueducts  across  tiic 
intei'venhig  rivers.  One  of  these  across  the  river 
Shawshine  is  230  feet  long  and  22  feet  abo\  e  the 
river. 
From  the  Tonewanta  Creek,  to  the  Seneca 

river,  is  a  fall  of  195  feet 

From  thence  to  the  Rome  summit,  is  a 

rise  of  50 

From  thence  to  the  Hudson  river,  is  a  fall 

of  350 


The  whole  rise  and  fall,  625  feet 

This  will  require  62  locks  often  feCt  lift  each.  The 
expense  of  such  locks,  as  experimentally  proved  in 
several  instances  in  this  state,  would  be  about 
620,000  dollars. 

We  have  seen  that  on  the  Middlesex  canal,  there 
are  22  locks  for  28  miles,  which  is  a  lock  for  some- 
what more  than  every  mile,  whereas,  62  locks  for 
300  miles,  is  but  about  one  lock  for  every  5  miles; 
and  the  lockage  of  the  Middlesex  canal,  would 
alone  cost  220,000  dolltirs.  It  would,  therefore,  ap- 
pear to  be  an  allowance  perhaps  too  liberal  to  con- 
sider the  cost  of  it  as  a  fair  criterion  of  the  expense 
of  canals  in  general  in  tjiis  country,  and  of  tliis  in 
particular.  Reservoirs  and  Tunnels,  arc  the  most 
expensive  part  of  tlie  operation,  and  none  will  be 
necessary  in  our  whole  route.  The  expense  of  the 
whole  earth  work  of  excavating  a  mile  of  canal  on 
level  ground,  fifty  feet  wide  and  fif;y  feet  deep,  at 
18  cents  per  cubic  yard,  and  allowing  for  the  cost 
of  forming  and  trimming-  the  banks,  puddling,  Stc. 
will  not  exceed  4000  dollars  per  mile,  and  the  only 
considerable  aqueduct  on  the  v/hole  line  will  be 
over  the  Genesee  river. 

l*1"om  a  deliberate  consideration  of  these  difTerent 
estimates  and  actual  expenditures,  we  are  fully  per- 
suaded that  this  grca'L  work  will  not  cost  more 
than  20,000  dollars  a  mile,  or  six  millions  of  dolku's 
in  the  whole;  but  willing-  to  make  every  possible  al- 
lowance, and  even  coijccding  that  it  will  cost  dfta- 
ble  that  sum,  yet  still  \vc  contend  that  there  is  no- 
thing which  ouglit  to  retard  its  execution.  This 
c^ma!  cannot  be  made  in  a  short  lime.  It  will  be 
fbe  work  perhaps  'jT  10  or  15  ye:U'S. 

Tlie  money  will  not  be  WcUitcd  at  or.ce^    The  ex- 


penditure, in  order  to  be  beneficial,  ought  not  to 
exceed  500,000  dollars  a  jear,  and  the  work  may 
be  accomplished  in  two  ways:  either  by  companies 
incorporated  for  particidar  sections  of  the  route,  or 
by  the  state.  If  the  first  is  resorted  to,  pecuniary 
sacrifices  will  still  be  necessary  on  the  part  of  the 
public,  and  gTcat  care  ought  to  be  taken  to  guard 
against  high  tolls,  which  will  certainly  injure,  if 
not  ruin  the  whole  enterprize. 

If  the  state  shall  see  fit  to  achieve  this  great 
work,  there  can  be  no  difficulty  in  providing  funds.' 
Stock  can  be  created  and  sold  at  an  advanced  price. 
The  ways  and  means  of  paying  the  interest  will  be 
only  requu-ed-  After  the  first  vear,  supposing  an 
annual  expenditure  of  500,000  dollars,  thirty  thou- 
sand dollars  must  be  raised  to  pav  an  interest  of  six 
per  cent;  after  the  second  year  60,000,  and  so  on. 
At  this  rate  the  interest  will"  regularly  increase  with 
beneficial  appropriation,  and 'will  be  so  little  in 
amount  that  it  may  be  raised  in  many  shapes  with- 
out being  burdensome  to  the  community.  In  all 
human  probability,  the  augmented  revenue  proceed- 
ing from  the  public  salt  works,  and  the  increased 
price  of  the  state  lands  in  consequence  of  this  Hii- 
dertaking,  will  more  than  extinguish  the  interest  of 
the  debt  contracted  for  tliat  purpose.  We  should 
also  take  into  view,  the  land  subscribed  by  indivi- 
duals for  this  work,  amounting  to  106,632  acres. —  ' 
These  donations,  together  with  those  which  may  be 
confidently  anticipated,  v.ill  exceed  in  value  a  mil- 
lion of  dollars,  and  it  will  be  at  all  times  in  the 
power  of  the  state  to  raise  a  revenue  from  the  impo- 
sition of  transit  duties  which  may  be  so  light  as 
scarcely  to  be  felt,  and  yet  the  income  may  be  so 
great  as  in  a  short  time  to  extinguish  the  debt,  and 
this  might  take  effect  on  the  completion  of  every 
important  section  of  the  work. 

If  the  legislature  shall  consider  this  important 
project  in  the  same  point  of  view,  and  shall  unite 
with  us  in  ojiinion,  that  the  general  prosperity  is  in- 
timately and  essentially  involved  in  its  prosecution, 
we  are  fully  persuaded  th;U  7iow  is  the  proper  time 
for  its  commencement.  Delays  are  the  refuge  of 
weak  minds,  and  to  procrastinate  on  ttiis  occasion 
is  to  show  a  ciUpable  in.«ltention  to  the  bounties  of 
natui-c;  a  total  insensibility  to  the  blessings  of  Pro- 
vidence, and  an  inexcusable  neglect  of  the  interests 
of  society.  If  it  were  intended  to  advance  the  views 
of  iTKli\iduals,  or  to  foment  the  divisions  of  pai-ty; 
if  it  promoted  the  interests  of  a  few  at  the  expense 
of  the  prosperity  of  the  many;  if  its  benefits  were 
limited  as  to  place  or  fugitive  as  to  duration,  then 
Indeed  it  might  be  received  with  cold  indifference, 
or  treated  with  stern  neglect;  but  the  overflowing 
blessnigs  from  this  great  fountain  of  public  good 
and  national  abundance  will  be  as  extensive  as  our 
country,  and  as  diu'able  as  time. 

The  considerations  which  now  demand  an  imme- 
diate, and  an  undivided  attention  to  this  great  ob- 
ject, are  so  obvious,  so  various  and  so  weighty, 
that  we  shall  only  attempt  to  glance  at  some  of  the 
most  prominent. 

In  the  first  place,  it  must  be  evident,  tliat  no  pe- 
riod could  be  adopted  in  which  the  work  can  be 
prosecuted  with  less  expense.  Every  d.ay  augments 
the  value  of  the  land  through  v.hich  the  canal  will 
pass;  and  wlien  we  consider  the  surplus  hands 
which  have  been  recently  dismissed  from  the  army 
into  the  walks  of  private  industry,  and  the  fitcility 
with  which  an  addition  can  be  procured  to  the  mass 
of  our  active  lal)or,  in  consequence  of  the  convul- 
sions of  Europe,  it  ^irst  be  obvious  that  this  is  now 


suppli<:me:>t  to  niles'  regis  teu—virgima  legislature.  149 


the  time  to  make  tliose  indispensable  acquisitions. 

2.  The  long-er  this  work  is  delayed,  the  greater 
will  l>e  the  difficulty  in  surmounting  tlie  interests 
that  v,'ill  rise  up  in  opposition  to  it.  Expedients  on 
a  contracted  scale  have  already  been  adopted  for 
the  niciiitat'.on  of  intercourse.  Turnpikes,  locks, 
and  short  canals  have  been  resorted  to,  and  m  con- 
sequence of  those  establisliments,  villages  have 
been  laid  out,  and  towns  have  been  contemplated. — 
To  prevent  injurious  speculation,  to  avert  violent 
opposition,  and  to  exhibit  dignified  impartiality  and 
paternal  aflection  to  your  fellow-citizens,  it  is  pro- 
per that  they  should  be  notified  at  once  of  your  in- 
tentions. 

3.  'I'he  experience  of  the  late  war  has  impressed 
every  thinking  man  in  the  community,  with  the  im- 
portance of  this  communication.  The  expenses  of 
transportation  frequently  exceeded  the  original  va- 
lue of  the  article,  and  at  all  times  operated  whh  in- 
jurious pressure  upon  the  finances  of  the  nation. — 
The  money  thus  lost  for  the  want  of  this  communi- 
cation would  perhaps  have  defrayed  nicH-e  tlian  one 
half  of  its  expease. 

4.  Events  which  are  daily  occurring  on  our  fron- 
tiers, denr)onstrate  the  necessiy  of  tliis  work.  It  i . 
of  importance  that  our  iionorable  merchants  should 
not  be  robbed  of  their  legitimate  profits;  that  ihe 
public  revenues  sliouldnotbe  seriously  impaired  by 
dishonest  smuggling-,  and  liiat  tiie  commerce  of  our 
cities  should  not  be  supplanted  by  the  mercantile 
^tablishments  of  foreign  countries?  Then  it  is  es- 
sential that  this  sovereign  remedy  for  maladies  so 
destructive  and  ruinous,  should  be  applied.  It  is 
with  inconceivable  regret  we  record  the  well  known 
fact,  that  merchandise  from  Montreal  has  been  sold 
to  an  alarming  extent  on  our  borders  for  15  per 
cent,  below  tlie  New-York  prices. 

5.  A  measure  of  this  kind  will  Ii.ave  a  benign  ten- 
dency in  raising  tlie  value  of  the  national  domains, 
in  expediting  the  sale,  and  enabUng  the  payment. — 
Our  national  debt  may  thus,  in  a  short  time  be  ex- 
tinguished. Ourtaxesofcour.se  tvill  be  diminished, 
and  a  considerable  proportion  of  i-evenue  may  tlien 
be  e5,pcndedin  great  jjublic  improvement;  in  encour- 
aging the  arts  and  sciences;  in  pati-onizing  the  ope- 
i'ations  of  industr}-;  in  fostering  the  inventions  o/ 
genius,  and  in  diffusing  the  blessings  of  knowledge. 

6.  However  serious  the  tears  which  liave  been  cn- 
tertainedof  a  dismemberrrent  of  the  Union  by  col- 
lisions between  the  north  and  the  south,  it  is  to  be 
apprfhended  that  the  most  imminent  danger  lies  in 
another  direction,  and  that  a  line  of  separation  may 
be  eventually  drawn  between  the  Atlantic  and  the 
western  states,  unless  they  are  cemented  by  a  com- 
mon, an  ever  acting  and  a  powerful  interest.  The 
con\nierce  of  the  ocean,  and  the  trade  of  the  lakes, 
passing  through  one  channel,  supplying  the  wants, 
increasing  the  wealth,  and  reci)3r(jcating  tiic  bene- 
fits of  each  great  section  of  the  empire,  will  form  an 
imperishable  cemient  of  connexion,  and  an  indisso- 
Uibic  bond  of  union.  New-York  is  botli  Atlantic 
a.nd  western,  and  the  only  s  aie  in  Mhich  this  union 
of  interests  can  be  formed  and  perpetuated,  and  in 
•whicli  this  great  centripetal  power  can  be  energeti- 
pally  applied.  Standiisg  on  this  exalted  eminence, 
with  power  to  prevent  a  tram  of  tlie  most  extensive 
and  afRicling  calamities  tiiat  ever  visited  the  world, 
(for  such  a  train  will  inevitably  follow  a  dissolution 
of  the  union,)  slie  will  justly  be  considered  an  cne- 
ir.y  to  the  human  race,  if  site  does  not  exert  i'or  this 
purpose  the  high  faci.dtie8  which  the  Almighty  has 
pm  into  her  Isands. 


Lastly.  Tt  may  be  confidently  asserted,  that  thi.s 
canal,  as  to  the  extent  of  its  route,  as  to  the  coun- 
tries which  it  connects,  and  as  the  history  of  man- 
kind. I'he  Union  of  tlie  Baltic  and  the  Erixine;  of 
the  lied  Sea  and  the  Mediterranean;  of  the  Euxine 
and  the  Caspian,  and  of  the  Mediterranean  and  the 
Atlantic,  has  been  projected  or  executed  by  the 
chiefs  of  powerful  monarchies,  and  the  splendor  of. 
the  design  has  always  attracted  the  admiration  of 
the  world.  It  remains  for  a  free  state  to  create  a 
new  era  in  history,  and  to  erect  a  work  more  stu- 
pendous, more  magnificent,  and  more  beneficiaL 
than  lius  hitherto  been  achieved  by  Uie  human  race. 
Character  is  as  important  to  nations,  as  to  indivi- 
duals, and  the  glory  of  a  republic,  founded  on  the 
promotion  of  the  general  good,  is  the  common  pro- 
perty of  all  its  citizens. 

We  have  thus  discharged  with  frankness  and 
plainness,  and  with  every  sentiment  of  i-espect,  a 
gieat  duty  to  ourselves,  to  our  fellow  citizens  and 
to  posterity,  in  presenting  tliis  subject  to  the  fath- 
ers of  the  commonwealth.  And  may  that  Almighty 
IJeing,  in  whose  hands  are  the  destinies  of  states 
and  nations,  enlighten  your  councils  and  invigorate 
your  exertions  in  favor  of  the  best  interests  of  our 
beloved  country! 


Legislature  of  Virginia, 

HOUSE  OF  DELEGATES, 

December  27,  1816. 
The  committee  of  Roads  and  Internal  Navigation, 
'o  whom  v/as  referred  so  much  of  the  Governor's 
Message  as  relates  to  Roads  and  Canals,  have,  ac- 
cording to  order,  had  that  subject  under  consider- 
ation, and  prepared  the  following  report  thereupon, 
which  they  beg  leave  to  submit  to  the  House  of  De- 
legates: 

Whatever  difference  of  opinion  may  have,  at  any' 
time,  subsisted,  as  to  the  expediency  of  controul- 
ing  the  voluntary  direction  of  the  wealth,  and  laboi' 
of  individuals  by  the  application  of  legal  constraint, 
there  never  has  existed  a  doubt,  but  that  it  is  the 
dnty,  as  well  as  the  interest  of  cvciy  good  govern- 
ment to  facilitate  the  necessary  communication  be- 

1  iween  its  citizens. 

1  Next  to  the  enjoyment  of  civil  liberty  itself,  it 
mav  be  questioned  whether  the  best  organized  go- 
vernment can  assure  to  those,  for  whose  happiness 
all  governments  are  instituted,  a  greater  blessing- 
than  an  open,  free  and  easy  intercourse  with  one  an 
other,  by  good  roads^  navigable  rivers,  and  canals. 
Tiicir  tendency,  by  extending-  tli'^  commerce,  to 
promote  the  agriculture  and  manufactures  of  a  na- 
tion, and  thereby  to  atigment  its  wealth  and  popu- 
lation, is  too  obvious  to  require  much  illustration. 

The  planter  and  farmer  realize  their  share  of  this 
benefit,  in  the  augmented  value  of  their  lands;  the 
manufacturer  nnd  the  merchant,  in  the  increased 
and  diversified  demand  for  their  industiy  and  capi- 
tal. 

Nor,  arc  the  higher  interests  of  society  less  in- 
debted for  their  advancement  to  the  multiplicatioa 
and  improvement  of  these  channels  of  useful  im- 
])roverneut  of  useful  intercourse.  They  afford  the 
means  of  exploring  the  natural  resources  of  a  coun- 
try, and  Invito  tlie  genius  of  specuhition  to  fitthera 
for  the  u.ses  of  mari.  Lands  too  remote  from  mar- 
ket to  tenjpt  cultivation;  forests,  hitherto  regarded 
as  inaccessible;  beds  of  minerals  and  fossils  un- 
known or  neglected,  are  brought  within  the  reach 
of  ordinary  enterprize,  and  reiid-ered  subvei-vient 


150  SUPPLEMENT  TO  NTLES'  REGIS  T Ell— VIRGINIA  LEGISLATURE. 


to  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  the  citizen,  or  to 
the  defence  and  safely  of  the  state. 

They  confer  on  an  extended  empire  the  prompti- 
tude and  energy  of  action  which  are  considered  pe- 
culiarly characteristic  of  one  of  narrow  dimensions; 
since,  without  contracting  the  limits  of  its  terri- 
tory, they  reduge  the  distance,  and  expedite  the 
communication  between  the  seat  of  its  government 
and  its  remotest  extremities. 

Whether  the  public  force  is  to  be  spread  out  for 
defence,  or  combined  for  attack,  they  alike  contri- 
bute to  the  rapidity  and  to  the  vigor  of  its  opera- 
tions. 

In  a  republic,  especially,  where  public  opinion 
exerts  a  controuling  influence,  and  public  virtue 
should  be  the  spring  of  all  public  action,  they  may 
be  considered  an  important  auxilary,  if  not  a  neces- 
sary ingredient  of  political  liberty.  They  tend  to 
diffuse  more  equally  the  knowledge  which  experi- 
ence acquires,  and  the  leisure  which  wealth  alone 
can  purchase;  they  strengthen  the  cords  of  social 
union,  and  quicken  thatgenerous  feeling  of  patrio- 
tism, which  is  ever  ready  to  exclaim  at  the  contem- 
plation of  an  extended  scene  of  public  improve- 
ment "I  love  my  country,  because  she  is  worthy  of 
my  affection." 

The  duty^  which  is  obligatoiy  upon  all  govern- 
ments, is  peculiarly  incumbent  on  one,  whose  ter- 
ritory, like  that  of  Virginia,  nature  has  done  so 
much  both  to  unite  ancl  to  separate — to  whom  she 
has  presented  so  many  advantages  to  improve,  and 
so  manv  obstacles  to  overcome.    No  State  in  the 


al,  the  accomplishments  of  which  will  create  new 
interests  and  views  in  that  flourishing  and  impor- 
tant section  of  America,  and  bar,  forever,  the  hope 
of  re -uniting  it  by  commercial  ties  to  the  markets  of 
the  East. 

If  it  be  true,  as  your  committee  confidently  be- 
lieve, that  in  a  connection  between  the  Roanoke, 
the  James,  or  the  Potomac  river,  with  the  waters 
of  the  Kanawha  or  Ohio,  this  commonwealth  pos- 
sesses the  best  means  of  arresting  the  progress  of 
tliis  revolution,  it  is  a  duty  which  she  •wes  not 
only  to  herself,  but  to  the  Atlantic  States,  and  to 
the  Union  at  large,  to  call  those  means  into  action. 

Independent  of  the  minuter  circnmstances,  in 
the  natural  course  and  volume  of  her  rivers,  and 
the  breadth  and  elevation  of  the  intervening  moun- 
tains, which  point  out  Virgmia  as  the  proper  chan- 
nel of  this  connection,  the  superior  mildness  of  her 
climate  to  that  of  her  northern  sisters;  her  positioa 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  U.  States;  and  the 
capacious  bay  which  serves  as  the  common  estua- 
ry of  her  rivers,  assure  to  her  very  high  claims  to 
the  emporium  of  this  commerce. 

The  U.  States  of  America,  restricted  by  the  terri- 
tory of  Eigland  to  the  North,  and  of  Spain  to  the 
South,  describe  an  arch  on  the  mtervening  ocean, 
of  which  Virginia  is  the  centre,  and  should  be  the 
key-stone,  sustaining  the  Western  States  upon  its 
broad  and  lofty  summit,  and  bending  the  Eastern 
and  Soutliern  in  solid,  just  and  fair  propor'ion. — 
First  in  asserting  the  Independence  of  Ame'-ica, 
this  Common vveiith  will  not  be  the  last  in  giving- 


Union   is  intersected  by  so  many  navigable  rivers,  *  to  that  independence  stability,  by  confirming  the 
nor  divided  by  so  many  chains  of  lofty  mountains:  I  union,  upon  which  it  rests 
none,  perhaps,  abounds  with  such  hnppy  vurietiesi      ^'        '^         '''  ''"" 

of  climate  and  soil,  and   so  many  resources  for  in- 
tern:d  commerce.     In  her  coal,  iron,  lead  and  salt. 


she  is  unrivalled.  Her  tobacco  and  grain  command 
the  highest  prices  abroad.  The  fertile  banks  of  her 
rivers,  and  the  moist  vallies  of  her  mountains  yield 
abundant  crops  of  flax  and  liemp.  Her  lov,'-!ands 
would  supply  her  with  cotton  for  lier  own  consump- 
tion, and  the  fleeces  of  her  flocks,  which  pasture 
on  her  hills,  are  not  surpassed  in  qu-nlity.  Not- 
withstanding these  advantages,  the  p'incipal  part 
of  her  commerce,  and  almost  the  whole  of  her  na- 
vigation, pass  out  of  her  hands  to  enrich  the  cof- 
fers of  her  neighbours.  There  is  scarcely  a  vilhige 
to  the  West  of  the  Blue-Ridge,  and  very  few  above 
tide  water,  from  the  Roanoke  to  the  Potomac, 
which  dei'ive  any  part  of  tlieir^upplies  of  manu- 
factured commodities,  either  foreign  or  domestic, 
from  the  seaports  of  Virginia. 

While  many  other  States  have  been  advancing  In 
wealth  and  numbers,  with  a  rapidity  which  has  as- 
tonished themselves,  the  ancient  dominion  and  elder 
sister  of  the  Union  has  remained  stationary. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  her  western  territorj' 
is  yet  unimproved,  while  a  considerable  part  of  her 
eastern  lias  receded  from  its  former  opulence.  How 
many  sad  spectacles  do  her  low-lands  present,  of 
wasted  and  deserted  fields!  of  dwellings  abandoned 
by  their  proprietors!  of  Churches  in  ruins!  The 
genius  of  her  ancient  hospitality,  benumbed  by  the 
cold  touch  of  penury,  spreads  his  scanty  board  in 
naked  halls,  or  seeks  a  coarser,  but  more  plenteous 
repast  in  tlie  lonely  cabins  of  the  West.  The  fath- 
ers of  the  land  are  gone,  where  another  outlet  to 
the  ocean  turns  their  thoughts  from  the  place  of 
their  nativity,  and  their  affections  from  the  haunts 
of  their  youth.  Beyond  the  Allegany,  an  unexpect- 
ed revolution  threatens  tlie  Atlantic  States  in  gener- 


Your  Committee  are  far  from  intimating  that  the 
General  Assembly  of  Virg  nia  has  been  totally  un- 
mindful of  those  natural  advantages,  or  wholly  re- 
gardless of  their  improvement. 

The  Commonwealth  required  time  to  recover 
from  the  pecuniary  losses  she  sustained  during  the 
war  of  the  Revolution.  It  found  her  citizens  labor- 
ing under  verv  heavy  private  debts,  and  left  her  go- 
vernment encumbered  with  a  debt  of  a  much  great- 
er magnitude 

Yet,  under  circumstances  so  inauspicious,  the 
statesmen  of  that  day,  and  especially  the  illustrious 
men  to  whom,  under  heaven,  this  nation  was  m- 
debted  for  the  establishment  of  its  freedom,  did  not 
disdain  to  enquire  into  the  humblest  means  of  giv- 
ing to  that  freedom,  value.  ■  From  his  zealous  exer- 
tions, sprung  tlie  Potomac  and  James  River  Cunal 
Companies.  To  the  first  of  these,  the  Common-^ 
wealth  is  indebted  for  a  water  communication  of 
three  liundred  and  thirty-eight  miles;  and  upon  it, 
and  the  contemplated  works  on  the  Slienandoah, 
she  relies  for  the  f.rther  improvement  of  a  naviga- 
tion of  three  hundred  and  ninety  miles.  She  has 
shared  with  a  sister  state,  the  benefits  of  the  labor 
;dready  performed  on  this  river;  in  that,  which  re- 
mains to  bs  accomplished  on  the  South  Br.inch  of 
the  Potomac,  the  Cacapehon  and  the  Shenandoah, 
she  has  an  exclusive  interest. 

Tlie  James  River  Company,  have  opened  a  naviga- 
tion of  three  hundred  miles. 

The  Appamattox  and  the  Dismal  Swamp  C.inals 
naturally  followed  into  existence,  tliose  which  were 
indebted  for  their  origin,  to  the  patriotism  of  Cen. 
Washington.  The  former  opened  a  navigation  of 
one  hundred  miles.  The  latter  was  designed  mere- 
ly to  connect  waters  already  navigable;  but,  in_  its 
present  use,  and  remote  consequences,  is  not  infe- 
rior in  importance,  to  any  public  work  within  th© 
Commonwealth. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— VIRGINIA  LEGISLATURE.  151 


The  expense  of  the  first  of  the  preceding-  workb, 
does  not  exceed  fifteen  hundred  dollars  per  miic 
upon  the  navigation  already  opened;  that  of  the  se- 
cond, is  about  twelve  hundred;  an  average  expense 
which  will  be  annually  dimmished  in  the  progress 
of  future  improvements  on  the  branches  of  those 
rivers,  as  tlie  principal  obstructions  to  tl\eir  navi- 
gation, were  removed  before  their  waters  could  be 
brought  into  partial  use. 

The  actual  cost  of  those  public  works,  does  not 
exceed  one  third  of  the  expense  usually  attendant 
upon  the  structure  of  Turnpike  roads;  which,  in 
the  absence  of  navigation,  are  the  only  substitute 
for  them.  It  is  due  to  the  latter,  however,  to  re- 
mark, that  the  addition  recently  made  to  them  of 
parallel  iron  rails,  immoveably  set  in  the  earth,  at 
proper  intervals,  for  the  wheels  of  waggons,  has 
more  than  equal. zed  'he  advantages  of  such  roads, 
wiih  the  best  ascending  navigation  which  the  rivers 
of  Virginia  aiibid  ao-.'  e  their  principal  falls;  and 
tliat  the  additional  cost,  which  this  improvement 
occasions  to  the  structure  of  the  Turnpike,  though 
great  in  itself,  is  inconsiderable,  when  compared 
with  its  effect  in  reducing  the  exjjense  of  land  car- 
Tiage. 

The  Turnpike  roads  of  the  Commonwealth,  ex- 
cept a  few  short  passes  of  particular  mountains, 
and  a  road  recently  begun  from  Fredericksburg,  to- 
wards the  Blue  llidge,  are  confined  principally  to 
the  county  of  Loudon,  the  adjacent  counties  of  Fair 
fax,  Fauquier  and  Federick,  and  to  the  vicinity  of 
the  seat  of  Government. 

There  is  but  one,  lo  which  the  funds  of  the  Com- 
monweal'h  have  contributed  any  aid. 

Ail  these  public  works  are  alike  in  one  respect: 
they  purpose  to  defray  the  expense  of  their  first 
cost,  and  of  their  subsequent  repairs,  out  of  the 
tolls  coUecied  upon  them;  and  tliese  are  equitably 
levied  upon  those  who  use-  them,  in  sums  propor- 
tioned to  the  benefit  which  they  respectively  derive 
from  such  use.  Where  is  it  absolutely  certain  that 
such  works  can  subsist  upon  this  basis  alone,  the 
revenue  of  tlie  Commonwealth,  although  it  may  ex- 
pedite tlieir  progress,  is  not  indispensably  necessa- 
ry  to  their  creation. 

Privaie  wealth  will,  of  itself,  take  the  direction 
wiiich  personal  interest  prompts.  But  there  are 
many  si  'ch  works  essential  to  the  prosperity  of  the 
Commonwealth;  the  persons  immediately  interested 
in  whieli,  have  not  capitals  sufficient  to  commence 
theu'  foundation,  and  there  are  many  others  of  like 
utility,  which,  if  completed,  would  require  the  lapse 
«f  inany  years  to  make  them  profitable  to  the  iixli- 
vidual  subscribers  to  the.r  stock.  The  population 
and  commerce  which  infallibly  follow  their  direc- 
tion, spread  out  upon  their  borders  and  swell  Iheir 
tolls,  cannot  be  expected  to  precede  their  existence. 
Altheugii  almost  all  tlie  Turnpike  roads  within 
tile  Commonwealtli,  have  been  made  without  any 
other  Legislative  aid,  than  their  respective  acts  of 
incorporation;  yet,  it  is  probable,  that  neither  Po- 
tomac nor  James  river  could  have  been  rendered 
navigable  above  tide  water,  with  such  assistance 
alone.  Marylai^d  and  Virginia,  subscribed  more 
than  one  half  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  former,  and 
Virginia  alone,  more  than  one  third  of  the  latter. — 
The  tolls  hitherto  coUecied  on  the  one,  would  not 
have  justified  a  subscription  to  its  stock,  with  a 
vie^v  to  more  profit;  and  altliough  those  of  the  lat- 
ter have,  for  some  time,  realized  the  most  sangumc 
expectations  of  its  friends,  and  its  stock  is  eigiity 
per  cent,  above  par,  yet  tlie  revenue  of  tAie  Compa- 


ny, apart  from  the  appreciation  of  its  stock,  would 
not  nett  to  its  members  six  per  cent,  per  annum  up- 
on the  sums  which  they  have  actually  expended  on 
that  river,  from  the  commencement  of  their  labors 
to  the  present  period.  Yet,  your  committee  confi- 
dently believe,  that  there  is  not  an  individual  with- 
in the  Commonwealth,  alive  to  a  sense  of  her  true 
interests,  who  would  have  desired,  for  the  s:ike  of  a 
higher  profit  to  the  treasury  upon  the  stock  of  the 
public  in  either  of  these  works,  to  withdraw  the 
funds  which  were  required  for  their  completion, 
and  permit  those  noble  rivers  to  return  to  a  state  of 
nature.  Those  wlio  reside  near  to  their  banks,  have 
du-ectly  participated  in  tlie  benefits  thus  afforded 
them,  of  a  cheaper  mode  of  transporting  the  pix»- 
ductions  of  their  labor  to  market;  and  those  even, 
who  antecedently  possessed  the  superior  advantages 
of  tide  water,  or  who  were  compelled  by  dieir  dis- 
tance from  both,  to  resort  to  the  common  highways 
in  order  to  reach  the  same  market,  have  greatly 
profited  by  those  improvements  of  navigation, 
wliich  augmenting  the  extent  and  value  of  that  mar- 
ket, could  not  fail,  proportionably,  to  eshance  the 
price  of  their  produce  So  true,  it  is,  that  whatever 
contributes  to  encrease  the  population  and  wealth 
of  the  towns,  must  contribute  to  the  growth  and 
improvement  of  the  country.  And  this  effect  is 
wrought  not  solely  on  the  vicinity  of  those  towns — 
it  is  seen  not  merely  in  the  wealth  whicii  glittei-s  m 
their  suburbs;  but  discovered  in  the  augmentation 
of  their  means  of  consumption,  and  the  enlargement 
of  their  commercial  capitals. 

In  this  necessai-y  and  reciprocated  relation  of 
commerce  and  agriculture,  the  country  below  tide 
water  in  Virginia,  has  an  immediate  and  even  local 
interest  in  the  progress  and  perfection  of  all  those 
public  works,  exclusive  of  its  general  interest,  in 
whatever  advances  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
tlie  Commonwealth 

I'he  inhabitants  of  the  low  lands  will,  therefore, 
partake  of  the  benefit  of  every  application  of  the 
jiublic  revenue  to  the  improvement  of  the  connex-. 
ion  between  their  market  towns  and  the  country 
above  them.  It  should  be  peculiarly  their  policy  to 
turn  the  commerce  of  the  west  from  its  noithem 
direction  into  the  bosom  of  tlieir  own  territory  In 
the  efforts  which  are  contemplated  to  improve  the 
roads  passing  immediately  through  theif  own  coun- 
try; they  have  an  interest  more  sensible  to  the  eye^ 
but  less  to  the  understanding. 

Although  much  has  been  done  for  the  improve* 
ment  of  the  interior  of  Virginia,  more  yet  remains 
to  be  accomplished.  Roanoke  and  its  tributary 
streams,  including  the  rivers  Dan,  Nottoway,  Me- 
herrin  and  Blackwater;  the  head  water?  of  James, 
Potomac  and  Shenandoali  rivers;  those  of  tlie  Rap- 
pahannock, Matapony  and  Pamunky,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Allegany.  The  gi-eat  Kenawha  and  its 
waters,  including,  along  with  Greenbrier,  and  New 
River,  Gauly  and  Elk;  the  little  Kenawlia,  Middle 
Island,  the  Monongalia  and  the  branches  which 
swell  its  current  before  it  leaves  the  boundary  of 
Virginia,  are  all  entitled  to  public  consideration. 

If  nature  has  divided  the  territory  of  the  Com- 
monwealth by  numerous  chains  of  lofty  mountains, 
it  is  only  to  incite  the  genius  of  man  to  climb  them; 
and  the  period  is  not  unattainable — nay,  it  rests 
with  the  Legislature,  to  determine  whether  it  be  re- 
mote, when  the  roads  which  cross  those  natural 
and  formidable  barriers,  shall  not  be  sui'passetl  by 
tliose  wliich  run  along  their  base. 

The  experiment  of  the  United  States  te  corinect^ 


15S  SUPPLEMENT  TO  NTLES'  REGISTER—VIRGINIA  LEGISLATURE. 


by  a  national  road,  the  waters  of  Potomac,  with 
those  of  Ohio;  and  a  comparison  of  tlie  surface  over 
which  that  highway  has  been  ah-eady  conducted, 
with  the  corresponding  ranges  of  mountains  to  the 
South,  assure  your  committee,  that  such  a  hope  is 
not  chimerical. 

Should  the  General  Assembly  determine  to  pa- 
tronize by  the  application  of  tl»e  public  revenue  all 
such  works  as  are  likely  to  be  of  great  public  utili- 
t}-,  it  becomes  important  to  decide  Avhetiier  an  im- 
provement may  not  be  made  in  the  mode  heretofore 
pursued,  of  exiending  to  them  that  patronage. 

Your  committee  are  iully  satisfied  that  much  loss 
has  hitherto  been  sustained  by  all  the  canal  compa- 
nies which  have  been  incorporated,  for  want  of  skill 
in  their  conduct.  Their  directors  have  served,  it  is 
true.  Without  compensation.  They  have  generally 
been  public  spirited  private  gemlemen;  but  neither 
professional  engineers,  nor  capable  from  experience 
and  observation,  of  guarding  against  the  errors  and 
frauds  of  agents  who  pretended  to  be  so. 

No  single  company  could  afford  to  purchase  or 
Could  fully  employ,  in  a  country  where  few  public 
works  were  begun,  the  services  of  a  distinguished 
engineer;  and  yet,  without  the  previous  surveys, 
plans  and  estimates  of  such  an  ofRcer,  no  very  ardu- 
ous public  work  could  be  confidently  begun  or  suc- 
cessfully conducted.  To  supply  the  defect  of  such 
an  officer,  would  be  the  obvious  interest  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, who,  if  not  sufficiently  compensated  by 
the  general  utility  of  his  labors,  might  demand  of 
each  company,  such  an  interest  in  its  stock,  as 
should  be  equivalent  to  the  value  of  the  service  ren- 
tlered  to  the  company  by  such  officer. 

Whatever  fund  the  Legislature  may  be  inclined 
to  appropriate  to  internal  improvement,  a  difficulty 
must  occur  in  settling  the  relative  importance  of  its 
proper  objects;  and,  if  the  appropriation  were  also 
required  to  designate  some  particular  object,  it 
would  be  often  impracticable,  from  the  variety  of 
opinions  always  existing  in  an  Assembly  represent- 
ing many  local  interests;  to  procure  an  union  in  the 
choice  of  any  one.  The  first  of  these  difficulties 
may  be  obviated  by  organizing  a  proper  body  to  col- 
lect and  ])repare  for  the  General  Assembly,  the 
facts  and  information  necessary  to  cast  upon  everv 
application  for  a  portion  of  the  fund,  light  enough, 
to  guide  the  sound  discretion  of  the  Legislature  in 
the  selection  of  subjects: 

And  these  f  icts  will  lie  entitled  to  the  higher  con- 
fidence, if  reported  under  tlie  sanction  of  official  re- 
sponsibility. 

To  allay  such  local  jealousies  as  might  obstruct 
an  agreement  in  favor  of  any  single  object  of  inter- 
nal improvement,  tiie  fund  maybe  previously  con- 
secrated and  set  apart  for  the  accomplishment  of  all, 
fey  one  appropriation.  If  the  terms  of  its  future  ap- 
plication to  any,  be  at  the  same  time  prescribed,  a 
like  participation,  in  the  benefii.  of  the  fmid,  will  be 
assiu-ed  to  every  interest  which  it  is  calculated  to 
promote;  and  the  speedy  enjoyment  of  that  benefit 
will  be  secured  to  each  by  propoji-tioning  the  mag- 
nitude of  the  fund,  so  set  apart,  to  the  luimber  and 
importance  of  the  objects,  for  which  it  is  dcsig-ned 
to  provide. 

It  may  be  sound  policy  for  the  Commonwealth, 
in  order  to  accomplish  some  great  commercial  or 
political  purpose,  to  throw  open  to  general  use, 
without  the  charge  of  tolls,  a  particular  canal  or 
road;  but  it  can  never  be  its  interest,  for  many  rea- 
sons, to  become  the  sole  proprietor  of  all  the  public 
At'^rks  within  its,  territory.     Experience  testifies 


that  they  will  be  more  economically  made,  and  bet* 
ter  repaired,  if  their  management  be  left  to  the  indi- 
viduals who  subscribe  to  their  stock  with  a  view  to 
private  gain,  than  if  confided  to  public  officers  or 
agents.  The  Commonwealth  should  subscribe  so 
much,  to  their  stock,  and  on  such  terms,  as  will 
suffice  to  elicit  individual  wealth  for  public  im- 
provement— and  the  control  which  she  retains  ovei' 
the  conduct  of  the  individual  subscribers,  should 
ex+end  no  farther,  than  to  prevent  or  correct  such 
abuses  upon  the  community  at  large,  as  might  be 
apprehended  from  the  two  eager  incen'iveof  gain. 

By  yielding  to  the  individual  subscribers  the  pro- 
fit of  the  State  on  its  shares  of  the  stock  of  any 
Company,  where  requii-ed  to  secure  such  individu- 
als against  temporary  loss,  a  much  smaller  subscrip- 
tion of  public  money  will  suffice  to  draw  forth  pri- 
vate enterprize. 

Tlie  Commonwealth  can  never  be  a  loser,  if  a 
public  work  judiciously  begun,  be  finally  perfected; 
and  the  public  security  ag-ainst  such  loss,  will  be 
found  in  the  discretion  which  the  Legislature  re- 
tains over  the  choice  of  the  objects,  for  Avhich  its 
patronage  is  sought. 

As  the  market  rate  of  interest  decreases  in  every 
commercial  country,  with  the  growth  of  its  capital, 
the  maximum  profit  of  the  stock  of  each  company 
may  be  reduced,  after  the  lapse  of  a  limited  period 
of  time. 

The  least  profit  allowed  by  law  should  be  great 
enough  to  create  the  hope  of  private  advantage  in 
those  whose  enterprize  can  have  no  other  object; 
and  that  7niniimimf  which  the  community  have  so 
much  interest  m  reducing,  may  be  safely  fixed  at  a 
lower  amount,  in  proportion  as  the  magnitude  and 
conditions  of  the  public  subscription  afford  to  pri- 
vate adventurers,  an  indemnity  against  any  ultimate 
loss. 

The  principles  laid  down  in  the  prfeceeding  part 
of  this  Report,  the  committee  have  embodied  in  the 
Uesolutions  which  are  subjoined  to  it,  but  they 
would  not  have  performed  their  duty  to  the  house, 
if,  before  they  recommended  the  application  to  ob- 
jects of  internal  improvement,  of  all  the  public 
stock  of  the  Commonwealth,  as  well  as  of  the  pre- 
miums which  may  be  hereafter  received  for  the  in- 
corporation of  new,  the  extension  of  the  capitals,  or 
the  duration  of  the  charters  of  the  existing  Banks; 
they  had  not  enquired  into  the  actual  state  of  the 
debts,  and  of  the  annual  Revenue  and  Expendi- 
ture of  the  Comomwealth. 

That  enquiry  has  resolved  itself  into  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  following  proposition: 

1st.  That  for  fifteen  years,  prior  to  the  commence- 
ment of  the  late  war,  the  ordinary  Revenue  of  the 
Commonwealth  had  not  only  been  adequate  to  meet 
tlie  ordinary  expeiulhurc  ciiarged  upon  it,  but  to 
enable  the  Commonwealth  to  arm  from  time  to 
time,  a  lai'ge  part  of  her  Militia — to  lay  the  fbun-r 
dation  of  her  Literary  Fund,  to  erect  several  very 
costly  public  edifices,  and  to  complete  the  purchase 
of  the  stock  subscribed  by  the  Commonwealth  to 
the  Bank  of  Virginia;  objects  which  occasioned  a 
disbursement  from  the  ordinary  revenue  of  a  .sum., 
exceeding  one  million  of  dollars. 

2dly.  That  since  the  commencement  of  that  war> 
the  revenue  of  the  Commonwealth,  more  than  dou- 
bled, by  additional  taxes,  and  farther  augmented  by 
considerable  loans  from  the  hanks,  has  not  only  suf- 
ficed for  the  ordinary  peace  expendiiure,  but  ena- 
bled the  Legislature  to  assume  the  state  quota  of 
the  (Jirect  ta^t  of  1814,  and  to  apply  to  tlie  defence 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— VIRGINIA  LEGISLATURE.  15^ 


ef  the  United  States,  a  sum  exceeding  eighteen  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  the  interest  paid 
upon  those  loans. 

3dly.  That  thq  Commonwealth  has  at  present  a 
claim  upon  the  United  States  of  unquestionable  jus- 
tice, for  more  than  seventeen  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars of  the  above  amount,  together  with  the  interest 
on  such  portions  of  it,  at  least,  as  v/ere  obtained  on 
loan,  which  claim,  when  satisfied,  will  furnish  a 
sum  competent  to  discharge  all  th^  debts  of  the 
Commonwealth,  to  provide  for  the  expenditure 
of  the  current  fiscal  year;  and  to  leave  at  the 
end  of  that  year  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  three 
Imndred  and'fifty  thousand  dollars  to  be  applied  to 
any  other  object  of  internal  interest. 

4thly.  That  the  present  taxes  may  be  reduced  to 
tlie  amount  levied  before  the  late  war,  provided  the 
United  States  shall  reimburse  the  sums  advanced 
for  the  defence  of  the  Commonwealtii;  and,  even, 
should  the  payment  of  those  sums  be  witlrfield, 
which  a  just  confidence  in  the  good  faith  of  the 
General  Government  forbids  your  committee  to  ex- 
pect, a  repeal  may  yet  be  effected  of  such  portion 
of  the  war  taxes,  as  are  not  absolutely  pledged  for 
the  payment  of  the  interest,  and  the  redemption  of 
the  principal  of  the  public  debt. 

P'rom  all  which  it  evidently  appears  that  the  fund 
which  it  is  proposed  to  apply  to  the  purposes  of 
internal  improvement,  may  be  spared  from  the  reve- 
nue of  the  Commonwealth,  without  anp  embiu-rass- 
ment  of  her  fin;  nces,  any  violation  of  her  engage- 
ments, or  pressure  upon  her  Citizens. 

Should  the  appropriation  recommended  by  the 
committee  receive  the  sanction  of  the  Legislature, 
the  fund  for  internal  improvement,  will  consist  of 
the  following  stock: — 

5547  shares  of  the  Stock  of  the  Bank  of  Virginia, 
on  which  a  dividend  is  now  received,  and  which 
computed  at  par,  is  worth  55.i,70Q  00 

2400  Shares  of  the  Stock  of  the 
Bank  of  Virghiia,  whereupon  no 
dividend  will  accrue  until  after 
the  1st  day  of  May,  1818,  240,000  00 

3334  Shares  of  the  Stock  of  the 

Farmers' Bank  of  Virginia,  333,400  00 

250  Shares  of  the  Slock  of  the 
James  River  Company,  also  es- 
timated at  par,  50,000  50 
125  Shares  of  the  Stock  of  the  Ap- 
pomattox Company,  12,500  00 
70  Shares  of  the  Stock  of  the  Dis- 
mal Swamp  Canal  Companv,  17,500  @0  . 
70  Shares  of  the  Stock  of  the  Po- 
tomac Companv,                               31,111  11    1-9 
JOO  Shares  of  tlie"  Stock  of  the  Lit- 
tle River  Turnpike  Company,         10,000  00 


Making  a  total  value  of  1,249,211  11    1-9 

Of  which  the  sum  of  938,100  dollars  is  now  pro-i 
ductive  of  an  annual  revenue  exceeding  ninety  eight 
thousand  dollars;   and  two  hundred  and  forty  thou-  \ 
sand    doUajs  will  become  alike  productive  ivfter 
tlie  first  day  of  May,  1818. 

h\  the  present  state  of  the  fund,  the  progi-ess  of 
the  public  v/orks  to  which  it  may  be  expected  to 
give  rit.e,  will  be  until  the  first  day  of  May,  1818, 
at  the  i-ate  of  245,000  dollars  per  annum.  After 
that  period,  ii  will  be  further  augmented  by  the  ad- 
dition of  sixty  thousand  dollars.  So  that  the  total 
value  of  the  Internal  Improvements  of  ten  years  will 
be  2,777,500;  and  this  calculation  is  grounded  on  a 
supposition,  that  the  portion  of  t>ie  stock  V'hic)i  is 
U 


now  unproductive,  will  continue  to  be  so;  and  that 
no  augmentation  of  the  fund  will  have  been  made 
by  the  creation  of  new  Bajiks. 

But  your  committee  confidently  anticipate  a  con- 
siderable increase  of  the  fund  from  the  premium  of 
future  charters,  without  impairing  the  productive- 
ness of  the  stock  of  the  existing  Banks. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  the  paper  medium  of 
Virginia  is,  at  present,  derived  from  the  Banks  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  of  the  adjacent  states. 
A  banking  capital  might  he  created  which  would 
supply  that  medium,  and  yielding  to  the  stare  a 
premium  in  stock,  of  600,000  dollars,  would  add 
to  the  revenue  of  the  fund  tor  Internal  ImprcTvement, 
at  least  fifty  thousand  dollars,  to  the  arw\ual  dis- 
bursements for  internal  Improvements  125,000  dol- 
lars, and  to  the  total  value  of  the  works  accom- 
plished in  the  period  of  ten  years,  1,125,000  dol- 
lars. Nor  do  your  committee  consider  the  expecta- 
tion too  sanguine,  provided  this  fund  receive  the 
application  which  is  here  proposed,  that  the  present 
Banking  capital  of  the  Commonwealth  mav  be 
douoled  In  a  period  of  ten  years,  and,  conseqiient- 
ly,  the  revenue  arising  fi-om  that  portion  of  tlie  fund. 

If  the  latter  calculation  be  admitted  to  be  cor- 
rect, a  continued  application  of  this  fund  for  a 
second  period  of  ten  years,  will  defray  the  cost  of 
public  works,  of  the  value  of  10,452,500  dollars 
exclusive  of  any  allowance,  whatevei-,  for  the  devi! 
dends  upon  the  shares  acquired  by  the  Common- 
wealth in  the  stock  of  any  public  work  wliich  may- 
be hereafter  commenced,  and  of  anj  estimate  of  the 
value  of  such  works,  as  shall  owe  their  existence 
to  the  sale  ifid  re-investment  of  any  part  of  the  pub- 
lic stock. 

Finally,  your  committee  beg  leave  to  subjoin, 
that,  of  the  whole  fund  thus  usefully  applietl,  a 
very  Inconsiderable  part,  if  any,  will  have  been  de- 
rived from  the  pockets  of  the  people,  by  the  impo- 
sition of  taxes.  If  an  allowance  be  made  for  the 
dividends  on  the  state  shares  of  the  stock  of  the 
Bank  of  Virginia,  down  to  the  period  at  which  the 
last  instalment  of  the  sum  subscribed  by  the  Com- 
monwealth for  that  stock,  was  paid  to  the  Bank 
this  amount  will  be  found  not  to  exceed  the  snbse- 
quent  dividends  on  the  state  shares  In  the  stock  qf 
both  Banks. 

The  General  Assembly  has  an  absolute  and  un- 
questionable right  to  make  any  other  dLsposition  of 
this  fund,  which,  to  its  wisdom,  may  seem  htst% 
but  your  committee  are  assured  that  the  institution 
of  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Virginia,  and  the  unex- 
ampled premiums  for  Banking  In  this  Common- 
wealth, are  ascribed  to  the  confident  expectation  of 
the  Legislature  and  the  people,  that  the  profits  of 
this  novel  though  productive  ^system  or  fin  -nee, 
were  to  be  turned  into  the  channel  of  public  im- 
provement. By  giving  to  these  premiums,  this  di- 
rection, the  stock  of  the  nation  will  bcreirlbutccl 
for  the  reduction  wliich  they  occasion  of  its  amount, 
and  the  constraint  which  they  put  on  its  activity.   ' 

£e  it  therefore  Renolved,  Tiiat  a  fund  be  created 
by  law,  to  be  denominated  '-The  Fund  for  Internal 
Improvement,"  and  to  be  exclusively  applied  to  ihe 
purpose  of  rendering  navigable  the  princiixd  rivera 
of  more  intimately  comiecting,  by  public  highways, 
the  Eastern  and  Western  waters,  and  the  market 
towns  of  the  Commonwealth. 

2.  That  this  fund  slwll  consist  of  the  shares  now 
held  by  the  Commonvv'eallli  in  the  stock  of  the  Lit- 
tle River  Turnpike  Company,  of  the  Dismal  Swamp, 
Appomattox,  Pot-QJBac  ;-.iKi  Ja*nes  R<vsi-  Canwl-Caui. 


i54  SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— VIRGINIA  LEGISLATURE, 


panics;  of  the  Bank  of  Virginia,  and  Farmers, 
Bank  of  Virginia,  together  witli  such  divideods  as 
may,  from  time  to  time,  accrue  on  sucli  shares  of 
st(^ck,  and  such  bonus  premiums  as  may  be  liereaf- 
ter  recei%'«ed  for  the  incorporation  of  new,  the  aiig 
mentation  of  the  capitals,  or  the  extension  of  tlie 
Charters  of  tlie  existing  Banks. 

3.  Tiiat  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  and  im- 
pa-oving  this  fund,  and  of  disbursing  such  portions 
of  it  as  the  General  Assembly  may  hereafter  direct 
to  be  applied  to  any  object  of  internal  improvement, 
it  shall  be  vested  in  a  corporate  body,  to  be  styled — 
"The  President  and  Board  of  Pul)lic  Works." 

4.  That  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  shall 
be  ex-officio,  President  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Works;  tliat  the  Board,  a  majority  of  the  members  of 
which,  shall  be  competent  to  transact  any  business 
devolving  on  the  Corporation,  shall  consist  of  the 
T  ciisurf'r,  and  the  Attorney  General  for  the  time  be- 
in§,  and  of  Citizens  of  the  Commonwealth; 
wiu-reof  shall  reside  Westward  of  the  Allegany 
iVIiiuntain,  between  the  Blue  Ridgeand  Allegany, 
£c  the  residue  between  tlie  Blue  Ridge  &  the  sea  coast. 

5.  Tlie  members  of  the  Board  shall  be  cliosen  an- 
nually by  joint  ballot  of  the  two  Houses  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  receive  such  compensation  for 
their  sei-vices  as  may  be  allowed  by  latt', 

6.  Tliat  in  the  absence  of  the  Governorthe  Board 
Tnav  elect  a  President  pro  tem.  from  their  own  body. 

7.  The  President  and  Board  of  Public  Works, 
shall  have  power  to  appoint  a  principal  Engineer  or 
Surveyor  of  Public  Works,  a  Secretary  and  Trea- 
surer, together  witli  such  other  officers  and  assis- 
tants as  tliey  shall  find  necessary,  each  of  whom 
shall  receive  for  his  services,  such  compensation  as 
the  President  and  Board  of  Public  works  may  al- 
low, to  be  paid  out  of  the  Revenue  of  the  Fund  for 
Internal  Improvement,  and  to  be  reimbursed  the 
fund  by  an  allowance  to  the  Commonwealth  of  so 
much  of  the  stock  of  any  Canal  or  Turnpike  com- 
pany, as  shall  constitute  a  reasonable  compensation 
for  the  services  rendered  such  compan}-,  by  the 
Surveyor  and  his  assistants. 

8.  That  the  Pre-ident  and  Board  of  Public  works 
shall  be  authorised  to  subscribe  in  behalf  of  the 
Commonwealth,  to  such  public^vorks  as  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  agree  to 
patronize,  such  portions  of  the  revenue  of  the  fund 
for  Internal  Improvement  as  may  be  directed  by 
law;  but  that  no  part  of  the  fund  shall  be  subscribed 
towards  the  stock  of  any  Canal  or  Turnpike  com]3a- 
ny,  until  three  fifths  at  least  of  the  whole  stock  ne- 
cessary to  comjjlele  such  Canal  or  Turnpike,  shall 
have  been  otherwise  subscribed,  nor  until  of  the 
stock  so  subscribed,  one  fifth  part  shall  have  been 
paid  in  by  the  respective  subscribers,  or  the  pay- 
ment thereof  efiecttially  secui'cd. 

9.  That  the  dividends  upon  the  stock  which  may- 
be subscribed  by  tlic  President  and  Board  of  Pub- 
lic works,  shall  go  exclusively  to  other  subscribers 
than  the  said  President  and  Board,  until  such  por- 
tion of  the  stock  of  those  subscribers,  shall  have 
nett.  to  them  six  per  centum  per  annum,  Irom  the 
specified  time  of  such  payment. — That  any  increase 
of  profit,  after  that  nett  hicome  has  been  assured 
to  those  subscribers,  shall  belong  exclusivelj'  to  the 
fund  for  Internal  Improvement,  until  the  nett  annu- 
al income  of  the  whole  stock  actually  expended  by 
any  company  shall  reach  six  per  centum  per  annum, 
after  which,  the  President  and  Board  of  Public 
works  and  the  other  subscribers  to  the  stock  of  the 
company  shall  divide  the  nett  profits  on  such  stock, 
JTi  ptopertion  to  their  respecti^'e  interests. 


10.  That  whenever  the  nett  income  of  any  compa.* 
nj'^  shall  be  found  for  two  succeeding  years,  or  upon 
an  average  of  five  succeeding  years,  to  surpass 
fifteen  per  cent  per  annum,  the  .General  Assembly, 
may  reduce  the  tolls  from  which  such  income  is  de- 
rived, so  as  to  limit  the  nett  revenue  of  the  compar 
ny  to  tliat  amount — Provided,  thav  should  the  tolls 
for  any  two  succeed. ng  years  fail  to  yield  a  nett  in- 
come to  the  company  of  ten  per  cent  per  annum, 
the  President  and  Board  of  Public  works,  on  satis- 
factory evidence  being  adduced  thereof,  may  au- 
thorize ihe  tolls  to  be  augmented  so  as  to  assui« 
to  the  company  such  nett  income;  J}7id  Provided 
afso,  that  after  the  lapse  of  sixty  years,  the  maxi- 
mum profit  of  the  company  may  be  reduced  to 
twelve  per  cent;  and  after  the  lapse  of  one  himdred 
years,  to  ten  per  cent  per  annum. 

11.  That  the  Pre^dent  and  Board  of  Public 
works,  shall  have  power  to  vest  in  any  productive 
fund,  the  unappropriated  dividends  accruing  upon 
any  of  the  stock  committed  to  -heir  charge,  until 
the  same  shall  be  specially  applied  by  law  to  some 
object  of  Internal  Inipi-ovement:  that  they  may 
from  time  to  time,  subject,  to  the  controul  of  the 
General  Assembly,  sell  the  whole  or  any  part  of 
the  share-  held  by  the  Commonwealth  in  the  stock 
of  any  Canal  or  Turnpike  company,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reinvesting  the  proceeds  of  sale  in  the  stock 
of  some  other  similar  public  work. 

12.  That  the  President  and  Board  of  Public 
works  shall  have  power  to  appoint,  in  behalf  of 
the  Commonwealth,  so  many  directors  of  every 
public  work,  as  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of 
directors  of  such  work,  the  proportion  of  the  Com- 
monwealth's shares  of  stock  in  such  work,  to  the 
whole  number  of  shares  subscribed  thereto. 

13  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President 
and  Board  of  Public  works  to  keep  a  fair  and  accu- 
rate  record  of  all  their  proceedings,  to  be  at  all 
times  open  to  the  inspection  of  the  members  of  the 
General  Assemblj',  and  of  the  President,  Directors, 
and  other  Officers  of  any  company  interested  there- 
in, that  they  shall  report  to  the  General  As.serably 
at,  or  near  tlie  commencement  of  every  annual  ses- 
sion, the  exact  state  of  the  funds  for  Internal  Im- 
provement, the  progress  and  condition,  nothing  es- 
pecially the  nett  income,  of  all  the  public  works 
within  the  Commonwealth;  the  surveys,  plans  and 
estimated  expence  of  such  new  works,  as  they  may 
recommend  to  the  patronage  of  the  General  As- 
sembly, together  with  all  other  impor'ant  informa- 
tion which  may  be  in  their  power  to  collect  relative 
to  the  objects  committed  to  their  trust. 

14.  And  lastly,  T??^/^^^,  that  the  appropriations 
contained  in  these  resolutions  shall  continue  in  force, 
until  the  first  day  of  January,  1900,  except,  at  such 
times  as  the  United  States  of  America  may  be  in- 
volved in  war,  when  the  Legislature  may  withdraw, 
during  the  period  of  actual  hostilities,  the  whole 
or  any  part  of  the  said  fund  for  the  pin-poses  of  de- 
fence, provided  such  withdrawal  can  be  made  with- 
out a  breach  of  public  faith. 

Q^jThe  preceding  Report  of  the  Committee  of 
Canals  and  Roads,  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to 
that  which  has  been  unanimously  adopted  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina,  at  its  present 
session. — We  ai-e  informed  that  it  is,  in  fact,  an  al- 
mosi  literal  t runner ipt  from  certain  resolutions 
which  were  submitted  to  the  House  of  Delegates  ia 
January,  1813,  and  which  the  House  did  not,  than, 
finally  act  upon  in  consequence  of  the  cotempora- 
neous    invasion  Qt  the  state. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  BANKS.      155 


REPORT  ON  BAiNKS 

Submitted  to  the   flouse  of  Delegafes,  on 
Friday,  January  5th.  1816. 

The  Committee  to  whom  were  referred 
sundry  petitions  for  Branches  of  the  exist- 
ing banks,  or  the  incorporation  of  Inde- 
pendent Banks  within  various  parts  of  the 
Conjmonweallh,  with  instructions  to  make 
the  foiJowing  enqniries — whether  tiiere  ex 
ists  any  depreciation  of  the  current  paper 
medium?  and  if  there  be  such  depreciation, 
the  actual  extent,  true  cause  and  proper 
remedy  thereof^  whether  any  unchartered 
Banking  eompanies  have  been  recently 
formed  within  the  Commonwealth,  and 
what  means  shouid  be  devist-d  to  guard  the 
chartered  Banks  against  the  infraction  of 
their  privileges,  siiid  the  Commonwealth  a- 
gainst  the  abuses  of  private  Banking!  have 
prepared  a  Report,  which  they  respectfully 
submit  to  the  House  of  Delegates: 

In  performing  the  duty  assigned  to  them, 
your  committee  deem  it  necessary  to  pre- 
mise some  general  observations  upon  the 
Dature  of  the  subject,  on  which  they  have 
been  required  to  act,  before  thev  call  the 
attention  of  the  House,  to  the  result  of 
the  enquiries  which  they  were  instructed  to 
make. 

An  individual,  possessed  of  money  or 
stock,  '*may  derive  a  revenue"  either  from 
*'emi)loying  it,''  himself,  or  "lending  it''  to 
others,  ''in  the  one  case,  his  revenue  is 
profit,  in  the  other  interest  "  The  first 
consitutes  the  revenue  of  a  Merchant,  the 
last  of  a  Banker. 

Were  every  individual,  who  has  money 
which  he  can  lend  more  profitably,  than  he 
can  himself  employ  it,  to  become  a  Bank- 
er, or  attempt  to  draw  the  whole  or  the 
greater  part  of  his  income  from  loans,  he 
would  lose  the  benefit  which  he  proposes  to 
himself  from  lending  at  all.  As  the  rate 
of  interest  is  restrained  both  by  law  and 
necessity  unless  his  stock  was  great,  his 
income  would  not  maintain  him. 

Before  large  capitals  are  amassed  in  any 
country,  the  lending  of  money  will  be  con- 
Dected,  therefore,  with  some  other  lucra- 
tive business.  The  capital  which  might 
be  productively  loaned,  will  often  lie  idle 
in  the  hands  of  the  lender — and  somatimes. 
for  the  sake  of  extraordinary  gain,  he  will 
demand,  and  receive  for  it,  a  higher  inter- 
est than  the  law  authorises. 

What  every  stockholder,  with  a  small 
capital,  must  labour  under  great  disadvan- 
tages in  doing  separately,  a  irumber  of  indi- 
viduals associated  lojjelher,  and  acting,  b} 


a  common  agent,  may  render  alike  profit- 
able and  convenient. 

Their  capitals,  however  small,  w^ien  ta- 
ken apart,  will  together  be  large  enough, 
after  paymg  the  salary  or  wages  of  their 
agent  and  the  rent  of  his  house,  to  yield  to 
them  a  considerable  income. 

A  number  of  persons,  so  dealing  in  mo- 
ney, and  binding  themselves,  by  their  agent 
in  their  individual  capacity,  to  those  with 
whom  he  transacts  their  business,  consti- 
tutes in  the  simplest  form,  what  is  usually 
termed  "A  Bank."  And  if  the  employ- 
ment of  such  a  Bank  consisted  in  lending 
to  men  of  good  credit,  or  upon  approved  se- 
curity, the  gold  and  silver  coio  of  a  coun- 
try, the  common  representative  of  value 
and  medium  of  exchange,  it  is  presumed 
that  no  objection  could  be  made  to  such, 
an  institution,  which  would  not  equally 
apply  to  any  other  employment  of  f^iocfc 
or  labour,  or  to  any  other  means  of  aug- 
menting the  wealth  of  a  natioa. 

The  benefits  which  it  assures  to  the 
"Stockholder  or  lender,  are  economy  of  time; 
the  certainty  of  receiving  his  income,  whea 
it  becomes  due — increased  security  against 
the  total  or  partial  loss  of  the  capital  on 
which  it  accrues;  and  a  new  facility  of 
converting  his  money,  while  in  continues 
productive,  into  any  other  species  of  stock, 
either  for  the  purposes  of  agriculture,  ma 
nufactures  or  commerce. 

The  price  of  Bank  Stock,  fluctuates 
more  than  the  value  of  a  dead  capital  in 
money,  but  less  than  the  notes  or  bonds  of 
iiulividuals;  and  the  danger  of  losing  the 
capital  itself,  by  violence,  fraud,  or  acci- 
dent, is  less  than  that  which  attaches  ei- 
ther to  the  current 'coin  of  the  country,  or 
to  sucli  ohligutions. 

The  benefits  which  the  borrower  de- 
rives from  such  an  institution,  are  scarce- 
ly less  important.  They  may  be  compris- 
ed in  the  increased  facility  and  certainty  of 
obtaining  his  required  loan,  upon  giving  se- 
curity for  its  re-payment,  at  a  fixed  pe- 
riod. 

To  this  he  is  indebted,  not  only  for  the 
more  active  employment  of  whatever  other 
capital  he  possesses,  but  for  being  able  to 
devote  his  undivided  attention  to  his  pecu- 
liar occupation.  The  condition  on  «hich 
he  may  hope  for  the  renewal  of  his  loan, 
being  its  punctual  re-payment,  when  iUw, 
his  integrity  is  guaranteed  by  this  interest. 

A  minute  inspection  of  the  simple  me- 
chanism of  a  H.uik  ov  inccs  liuit  as  a  labour 
^\.i\'.i^  i.iiu-iiMie,  it  is  of  a  grejit  value  lu  llic 
commerco   of  any   country.      A  fire  proof 


Ii58    SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  BANKS. 


such  would  be  its 
at  legal  interest, 


house  and  a  half  a  dozeu  persons  in  a  large 
City,  perform  by  its  means,  the  purpose  of 
countless  bolts,  and  numerous  clerks.  It 
saves  many  anxious  nights  and  laborious 
days. 

Such  would  be  the  effects  of  a  Bank,  if 
fts  office  were  confined  to  the  mere  receipt 
of  gold  and  silver  coin  for  safe  keeping, 
and  the  loan  of  it,  upon  the  notes  or  obliga- 
tions of  its  customers.  And  were  it  debar- 
red by  law,  of  the  liberty  of  issuing  its  own 
Holes,  in  lieu  of  specie, 
actual  condition. 

But  if  a  Bank  loaned, 
no  more  than  its  real  capital,  the  revenue 
or  dividends  of  its  Stockholders  would  be 
less  than  such  interest,  by  the  annual  ex- 
penses of  the  Bank;  the  insurance,  repairs, 
and  interest  of  the  fixed  capital,  vested  in 
its  buildings  and  furniture,  and  the  salaries 
of  its  officers  and  servants. 

Even  if  it  extended  its  loans  to  a  part 
of  its  deposits,  unless  they  were  very  con- 
siderable, the  additional  revenue,  thence 
arising,  would  not  supply  this  annual  ex- 
penditure. 

Under  such  a  restraint,  Banks  could  ex- 
ist only  in  very  large  cities,  or  commercial 
countries,  where  great  capitals  had  been 
previously  accumulated. 

But  tlie  actual  profits  of  those  institutions 
in  America,  have  been  greater  in  territories 
interspersed  with  small  villages,  and  with 
very  little  foreign  trade,  jthau  in  the  most 
populous  and  wealth3'^  cities.     Some  of  the 
Banks  in    America    have  divided   among 
their  Stockholders  an  annual  revenue  ex- 
ceeding twenty  per  cent,  upon  their  capi- 
tal.    The  price  of  the  Stock  of  the   first 
Bank  incorporated  in  this  Commonwealth, 
rose,   not  long  after  its  existence,   to   one 
hundred  per  cent,  above  par.     This  effect 
results  from  the  authority  with  which  they 
have   been    invested   of  issuing   their  own 
notes  payable  to  bearer.     The  sum,  which 
this  authority  enables  a  Bank  to  lend,  may 
exceed  its  specie  capital,  in  the  proportion 
j.n  which  the  demand  for  a  circulating  me- 
dium in  the  country  \\  hose  currency  it  sup- 
plies, exceeded   the  quantity  of  gold    and 
silver  coin   in  circulation  before   the  crea- 
tion of  the  Bank,  and  in  which  that  demand 
is,    itself,     Rubquently   augmented  by  the 


gagement,  to  redeem  its  notes,  whenever 
required,  by  the  payment  of  the  gold  or 
silver  coin,  which,  on  their  face  they  pur- 
port to  represent;  those  notes  cannot  de- 
preciate below  the  value  of  both  these  spe- 
cies of  coin.  On  the  contrary,  they  vvill 
often  possess  a  higher  value  than  cither, 
from  the  superior  facility  which  attends 
their  transportation. 

Before  the  late  war,  the  notes   of  the 
Eastern  Banks,  commanded,  in  the  West- 
ern States,  a  premium  of.  from  two  to  three 
per  cent.     The  war  which,  in  its  progress, 
occasioned    so    many    remittances    to  tlie 
West,  speedily  reduced  this  premium;  and, 
finally,  created  to  the  East,  a  greater  pre- 
mium in  favor  of  the  notes  uf  the  Western 
Banks.     These  effects  appear  to  differ,  but 
their  cause  was  the  same;  the  greatey  fa- 
cility of  transmitting  paper,  than  even  the 
precious  metals.     Since  the  peace,  the  ba- 
lance has  settled  down  to  its  condition  be- 
fore the  war.    Nothing  can  destroy  the  ope- 
ration of  the  cause.     Its  effect  would,  un- 
doubtedly, be  diminished  by  an  extension  of 
the  navigation  of  the  eastern   and  western 
waters,  and  good   roads  across  the  moun- 
tains which  divide  them. 

So  long  as  a  Bank  continues  to  fulfil  its 
obligations,  the  permission  which  it  has 
to  issue  paper  instead  of  specie,  will  be 
alike,  attended  with  a  public  advantage 
of  no  inconsiderable  importance.  By  sup- 
plying a  substitute  for  coin,  it  prevents 
that  reduction  of  the  weight  of  its  pieces 
by  constant  use,  which  requires,  and  aug- 
ments the  expense  of  a  periodical  recoin- 
age;  or  subjects  the  nation,  whose  curren- 
cy is  gradually  worn  out  and  debased,  to 
an  unfavorable  exchange   abroad,    and  to 


'  ank. 
power 


loans  of  the 

Wliatever  power  the  laws  may  confer 
on  a  Bank  to  issue  its  own  notes,  the  ex- 
tent to  which  it  can  carry  that  emission, 
THUst  depend  also  upon  the  public  confidence 
in  theip  value. 

While  a  Bank  rem{iius  faithful  to  its  en- 


all  the  inconveniences  at  home,  of  a  slow, 

thouzh  certain  fluctuation  in  the  value  of 

its  circulating  medium. 

The  institution  of  Banks  has  another  va- 

jluable  effect  in  incj-easing  the  facility  of 
obtaining  foreign  capital,  for  domestic  use. 
There  has  been  a  singular  prejudice  in  the 
United  States,  against  the  employment  of 
foreign  capital;  as  if,  its  use,  did  not  suffici- 
ently prove  its  value. 

If  it  be  the  policy  of  a  nation,  in  time  of 
war,  to  borrow  money  which  constitutes  its 
sinews  from  its  foe,  it  cannot  be  less  its  in- 
terest in  peace,  to  employ  the  capital  of 
other  nations  for  domestic  improvement. 

The  establishment  of  Banks  affords  the 
facility  above  mentioned,  because  the  mode 
of  their  government,  renders  the  distance 
between  their  capital  and  the  residence  of 
its   proprietors,  wholly  immaterialj  provit 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—ROPORT  ON  BANKS.     157 


ded  there  are,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  seat  of 
their  operations,  a  sufficient  number  of 
compelent  persons  interested  in  their  good 
conduct,  to  prevent  the  abuse  of  power  by 
those,  to  whom  their  direction  is  confided. 
A  very  considerable  part  of  the  stock  of 
the  Banks  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  is 
Eow  held  by  inhabitants  of  Virginia;  as 
the  greater  part  of  the  stock  of  the  late 
B;ink  of  the  United  States  was  held  by  fo- 
reiacners, 

VVhere  there  are  many  Banks  in  a  coun- 
try, the  motives  of  strawgers,  for  investing 
their  capital  in  any  particular  one,  will 
doubtless  de,)end  upon  the  comparative  pro 
fits  aflbrtied  by  such  Bank,  and  the  com- 
parative security  which  it  ofters  in  the 
terms  of  its  charter,  and  the  respect  en- 
tertained for  that  charter,  by  the  Legisla- 
ture which  grants  it,  that  those  profits 
will  continue,  and  that  capital  Ue  preserv- 
ed from  waste  or  destruction.  It  is  a  re- 
markable fact,  that  while  the  confidence 
of  the  people  of  Virginia,  in  the  benefits 
secured  to  them  by  the  charters  of  the  ex- 
isting Banks,  has  induced  them  to  pay  for 
those  charters  a  bonus  of  twenty  per  cent, 
upon  the  sum  which  they  subscribed  to 
their  stock:  to  purchase  that  stock  encum- 
bered with  this  premium  of  the  Common- 
\yealth,  at  seven,  and  of  each  other,  at  se- 
venteen per  cent,  tliere  were,  a  few  years 
ago  but  two  foreign  holders  of  Virginia 
bank  stock,  and  notwithstanding  the  sub- 
sequent  extension  of  the  banking  capital  of 
this  Commonwealth,  that  number  does  not 
now  exceed  ten. — Yet  a  comparison  of  the 
price  of  this  stock  with  the  annual  divi- 
dends upon  it,  and  of  those  again,  with  the 
price  and  dividends  of  the  stock  of  other 
Banks  in  America,  aftord  abundant  proof, 
that  capital,  thus  vested  in  Virginia,  is 
more  productive,  than  that,  which  is  simi- 
larly employed  in  the  Atlantic  slates,  to 
tjie  North  or  East. 

Your  committee  believe,  that  a  prejudice 
has-  gone  abroad,  which,  they  confidently 
trust,  experience  w  ill  prove  to  be  unfound- 
ed, even  to  the  satisfaction  of  those  by 
Mhom  it  is  entertained,  that  the  policy  of 
Virginia  is  essentially  hostile  to  commerce, 
and  to  the  rights  of  commercial  men.  Up- 
on the  removal  of  this  prejudice,  must  de- 
pend the  future  contributions  of  this  Com- 
monwealth towards  the  prosperity  and 
glo7-y,  if  not  the  happiness,  and  safety  of 
the  United  States.  Without  the  confideice 
of  foreigners,  there  can  -exist  no  fore/gti 
commerce.  Without  foreign  commerce, 
there  can  exist  neither  ships,  seamen-  ')or 


a  navy;  and  a  tremendous  lesson  has  taught 
Virginia,  that  without  a  navy,  she  can  have 
no  security  for  her  repose. 

There  is  no  higher  evidence  of  the  jus- 
tice and  policy  of  a  nation,  than  that  which 
exists  in  the  general  sentiment  of  man- 
kind: there  can  be,  indeed,  but  one  other 
human  test;  that,  usually  flattering  and 
always  fallacious,  which  is  to  be  found  in 
the  opinion  which  a  nation  entertains  of 
herself. 

He  is  not  a  wise  man  who  does  not  some- 
times profit  by  the  malice  of  his  enemies.— 
Nations  are  but  associations  of  men. 

Your  committee  are  aware,  that  some 
of  the  positions  laid  down  in  the  early  part 
of  this  report,  are  not  universally  admit- 
ted. 

It  has  been  said,  that  the  currency  of  any 
country  bears  a  fixed  proportion  to  its  com- 
merce, and  consequently  that  a  Bank  can- 
not circulate  notes,  to  a  greater  value  than 
the  gold  and  silver  coin  which  it  displaces. 
But  the  institution  of  a  Bank,  not  only 
promptly  supplies  any  pre-existing  defect 
of  specie,  but  increases  the  commerce  and 
the  circulating  medium  of  the  nation,  by 
the  same  operation.  This  double  purpose, 
it  eft'eets  by  its  loans.  Money  is  power; 
and  the  loan  of  money,  the  transfer  of 
power;  power  to  command,  and  set  in  mo- 
tion all  the  sinews  of  labour,  and  to  quicken 
all  the  efforts  of  industry. 

It  has  been  urged,  against  the  institution 
of  Banks,  that  they  cannot  create  a  single 
additional  dollar.  It  is  literally  true;  but 
they  can  obviously  create  a  new  demand  for 
one,  by  giving  rise  to  new  contracts  which 
require  the  use  of  money,  the  common  me- 
dium of  exchange.  Whatever  multiplies 
the  .uses  of  money,  cannot  fail  to  create  a 
new  demand  for  it;  and  money  necessarily 
follows  that  demand.  In  this  sense,  money 
may  be  truly  said,  in  contradiction  of  a 
Grecian  philosopher,  to  beget  money,  and 
Banks  to  create  it.  In  a  country  advancing 
in  population  and  wealth,  with  the  rapidity 
of  the  United  States  of  x\merica,  furnish- 
ing so  many,  and  such  diversified  uses  for 
money,  this  creative  power  has  had  ampel 
scope  for  activity.  Hence  the  multiplica- 
tion of  Banks  in  the  Northern  and  Eastern 
states  never  occasioned,  until  the  commence- 
ment of  the  late  war,  any  considerable  di- 
minution of  their  profits,  or  the  smallest 
depreciation  of  their  circulating  paper. 
Nor  would  the  war,  which  drew  its  recruits 
front  the  least  productive  classes  of  society, 
have  had  either  of  these  efieets,  had  it  not 
been  accoin^anied  by  the  prostration  of  liia 


158    SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—REPORT  ON  BANKS. 


foreign  trade,  on  which,  even  the  interior 
commerce  of  the  United  States,  was  so  ma- 
terially dependent.  On  the  contrary,  the 
consequent  augmentation  of  the  public  tax- 
es, and  the  numerous  contracts,  to  which, 
the  war  itself, gave  rise  for  payng,  substitu- 
ting, cloathing,  arming  and  transporting 
from  place  to  place,  the  national  force,  for 
the  erection  of  fortifications,  the  extension 
of  the  navy,  and  the  purchase  and  distribu- 
tion of  military  stores,  supposing  other  cir- 
cumstances to  have  remained  unchanged, 
Vould  have  occasioned  an  immediate  de 
maud  for  a  new  circulating  medium,  or  have 
required  an  increased  activity  from  the  old 

it  is  not  pretended  that  the  demand  for 
the  medium  of  exchange,  in  any  country 
may  be  extended,  indefinitely,  or  at  the 
pleasure  of  its  banks,  and  to  the  full  amount 
of  their  loans.  Experience  alone  can  de- 
cide to  what  extent  those  loans  may  be  safe- 
ly carried.  That  experience  every  bank  ac- 
quires in  the  course  of  its  operations.  If 
the  circulation  of  its  paper  does  not  increase 
with  its  loans,  some  part  of  that  paper  will 
he  brought  into  the  bank  to  exchange,  for 
what  is  of  universal  demand,  the  gold  or 
silver  coin  which  it  represents.  Should 
there  be  already  more  gold  or  silver  coin  in 
the  eounlry  than  in  fts  interior  commerce 
requires,  however  extended  by  the  loans  of 
the  bank,  it  will  be  exported,  in  the  course 
of  its  foreign  trade,  to  supply  the  currency 
of  some  other  country,  or  the  redundancy 
will  be  applied,  at  home  or  abroad,  to  some 
of  the  cases  which  render  the  precious  me- 
tals, at  all  times,  articles  of  commerce. 

If  such  be  the  general  character  and  op- 
eration ot  banking,  it  remains  for  the  com- 
mittee to  enquire,  in  relation  to  the  nume- 
rous petitions  for  new  bank  charters,  whe- 
ther any  danger  is  to  be  apprehended  to  the 
Commonwealth,  from  their  multiplication 
heyond  their  present  number. 

The  chief  hazard  to  which  a  bank  is  ex- 
posed, is  that  of  overtrading  or  issuing  so 
many  of  its  notes,  as  may  deprive  it  of  the 
ability  to  take  them  up  with  specie,  when 
presented  for  payment.  Should  a  bank  thus 
put  itself  in  a  situation,  to  be  compelled  to 
violate  its  most  solemn  engagements,  it  will 
deservedly  lose  all  public  confidence,  since 
punctuallity  on  its  part  and  that  of  its  cus- 
tomers, constitutes  the  very  principle  of  its 
existence.  It  is  that,  alone,  which  makes  it 
expedient,  or  even  safe,  for  the  Common- 
wealth to  permit  the  issue  of  its  paper;  it  is 
that  which  stamps  uponthis  paperanyvarfue, 
or  affords  to  it  any  circulation  whatever.    ' 

it  has  been  found   'possible,   thoui'h.  not 


without  great  public  injury,  for  political 
reasons,  sanctioned  by  all  the  patrotism  of 
a  nation,  to  suspend  the  specie  payments  of 
a  bank;  and  yet,  sustain  its  credit  to  a  cer- 
tain extent.  In  such  a  state  of  things,  the 
public  expectation  will  be  kept  alive,  that 
the  period,  although  indefinite,  is  not  very 
remote,  when  the  faith  which  has  been 
once  solemnly  plighted  will  be  honesly  re- 
deemed, and  great  prudence  in  the  interim, 
may  enable  the  bank  to  prevent  a  total  de- 
preciation of  its  notes  in  circulation. 

But  should  it  continue  to  refuse  the  pay- 
ment of  its  just  debts  and  permit  its  char- 
acter to  be  dishonoured,  either  for  the  sake 
of  illegal  gain,  or  in  consequence  of  past 
mismanagement,  the  public  confidence  will 
be  speedily  converted  into  general  distrust 
— to  distrust  will  succeed  universal  alarm 
among  the  holders  of  its  paper,  and  a  run 
upon  the  bank  for  the  specie  which  it  has 
so  unjustly  withheld,  will  involve  with  it- 
self and  the  country  in  common  ruin. 

The  best  pn  ventive  of  this  evil  will  be 
found  in  the  multiplication  of  banks,  and 
their  consequent  competition.  Sensible  of 
the  length  to  which  these  preliminary  re- 
marks have  been  already  exteuded,  your 
Committee  forbear  to  enlarge  upon  the  in- 
fluence of  this  valuable  agent,  which  has 
ever  proved  itself  to  be  the  public  friend,  in 
all  the  occupations  of  man,  to  which  it  is 
applicable.  If  there  be  one,  to  which  it  is 
peculiarly  se,  your  Committee  belive  it  to 
be  that  under  consideration. 

Your  committee  are,  however,  inclined  to 
believe,  that  the  multiplication  of  banks 
will  be  sufficiently  restrained  in  this  Com- 
monwealth, by  an  adherence  to  the  policy 
which  has  hitherto  dictated  the  terms  of 
their  charters. 

It  is  scarcely  possible,  that,  under  a  gov- 
ernment, which  requires  a  bonus  equivalent 
to  20  per  cent,  for  the  charter  of  every  bank 
which  it  incorporates,  those  institutions 
can  be  multiplied  beyond  the  wants  and 
convenience  of  the  citizen  or  the  security 
of  the  state,  and  the  more  especially  where 
such  state  is  united  under  one  common  gov- 
ernment with  similar  political  communities, 
in  which  no  such  premium,  or  none,  of  such 
magnitude,  is  re«{uired — Money  will  natu- 
rally seek  the  most  productive  channel,  and 
pass  from  Virginia,  if  she  too  heavily  taxes 
its  use,  to  where  it  can  be  more  advanta- 
geously employed. 

•Jf  a  more  eHectual  limit  can  be  devised, 
to'the  unnecessary  multiplication  of  banks, 
than  that  which  the  policy  of  this  Coni- 
njomweait.h  has  already  created,  your  Com- 


i 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  BANKS.    15§ 


"mittee  confess  that  they  have  not  been  able 
to  disoover  it,  a  limit,  they  beg  leave  to 
add,  which  is  fortified  by  the  maxims  of 
public  justice.  The  General  Assembly  of 
Virginia  having  exacted  of  the  Stockhold- 
ers of  the  existing  banks  20  per  cent,  as  tlie 
price  of  their  charters,  si^ould  not  in  justice 
grant  toother  institutions  equivulent  pri- 
vileges without  a  consideration. 

It  is  not  in  this,  as  in  other  eases  invol- 
ved in  greater  obscurity,  that  public  faith 
can  be  regarded  as  hostile  to  public  interest. 
There  would  be  at  once  an  end  of  all  future 
premiums,  if  it  were  even  suspected  that 
the  Legislature  would  charter  other  banks, 
with  equal  privileges,  on  better  terms,  than 
it  has  annexed  to  the  existing  charters 
And  should  this  copious  stream  of  revenue 
be  turned  into  the  channel  of  public  improve- 
ment, as  it  was  expected  on  the  incorpora- 
tion of  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Virginia,  its 
source  will  be  watched  and  guarded  by  the 
vigilence  of  all  the  local,  as  well  as  general 
interests  witiiin  the  Commonwealth. 

Such  a  foundation  for  the  limitation  of 
the  number  of  its  banks,  no  State  in  the 
Union  has  provided.  Within  this  limit,  it 
appears  to  your  Committee  that  individuals 
may  be  safely  trusted  with  the  use  of  their 
capitals  in  banking,  provided  it  be  made  a 
law  of  those  institutions,  that  when  they 
cease  to  pay  specie,  without  the  express 
permission  of  the  Legislature,  they  shall 
cease  to  exist. 

If  it  be  at  all  incumbent  on  the  General 
Assembly  to  grant  no  new  charters,  without 
an  adequate  premium  it  is  alike  so,  to  pro- 
tect the  privileges  of  those  which  have 
been  already,  or  may  be  hereafter  granted. 
This  can  be  effectually  done  only  by  sup- 
pressing the  practise  of  private  banking. 

In  several  parts  of  the  U.  States,  this 
practise  has  assumed  the  character  of  the 
most  atrocious  swindling;  and  the  daiiger 
of  its  imitation  within  the  territory  of  the 
Commonwealth,  calls  for  the  just  and  wise 
precaution  of  the  Legislature.  Hitherto, 
it  does  not  appear  to  your  committee  that 
any  extensive  injury  has  been  sustained  by 
by  the  community,  in  consequence  of  the 
creation  of  sundry  associations  within  the 
Commonwealth,  which  exercise  under  va- 
riousdennminatiuns,  the  functions  of  a  bank. 
They  have  been  instituted,  it  is  believed, 
without  any  criminal  design. — They  have 
aided  the  collection  of  the  public  taxes; 
they  have  contributed,  after  the  suspension 
of  specie  payments  by  the  banks,  had  made 
the  coin  of  the  United  States  a  sui)ject  of 
universal  speculatioa,  retain  some  part  of 


it  within  the  Commonwealth^  and  they 
have  rendered  to  the  country  in  which  they 
exist,  no  inconsiderable  relief,  during  a  pe- 
riod of  great  and  threatening  calamity. 

It  does  not  appear  to  your  committee 
that  their  incorporation,  under  the  conditi- 
ons which  have  been  already  impressed  ia 
this  report,  would  be  injurious  to  the  char- 
tered banks,  since  these,  at  present,  supply 
the  country  in  which  they  exist,  with  a  very 
small  part,  if  in  any,  of  its  paper  currency. 
The  demand  for  that  part  has  arisen  solely, 
from  the  circumstances,  that  the  public  tax- 
es are  payable  either  in  the  notes  of  the 
Chartered  Banks,  or  in  specie,  wiiich  is  at 
present  of  superior  value;  and  the  exclu- 
sive privilege  which  occasions  this  demand, 
your  committee  propose  to  preserve  to  them. 

The  country,  from  which  petitions  have 
been  presented,  praying  for  branches  of 
the  existing,  or  the  incorporation  of  inde- 
pendent Banks,  lies  either  to  the  westward 
of  the  Allegany;  between  that  mountain 
and  the  Blue  Ridge;  or  just  below  the  lat- 
ter, and  near  to  the  river  Potomac.  Except 
the  lower  and  least  improved  extremities  of 
Fauquier  and  Prince-William,  no  part  of 
this  extensive  and  very  flourishing  territory, 
derives  its  commercial  supplies  from  the 
towns  of  Virginia,  in  which  the  Chartered 
Banks  and  their  branches,  at  present  exist. 
It  neither  does,  nor  can  draw  the  greater 
part  of  its  paper  currency  from  the  present 
V  irginia  Banks,  by  any  possibility,  short  of 
a  total  change  of  its  commercial  connec- 
tions. Such  a  revolution,  your  com^nittee 
consider  most  desirable;  but,  they  beg  leave 
to  suggest,  that  it  will  be  rather  expedited 
than  delayed  by  granting  the  prayer  of  those 
petitions.  If,  until  it  actually  happens, 
the  paper  currency  of  this  opaleutand  thriv- 
ingcountry,cannotbe  derived  from  the  banks 
now  chartered,  it  will  be  supplied,  as  it  is, 
and  has  been,  from  the  Banks  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  and  the  adjacent  states. 

The  question  «hieli  these  petitions  sub- 
mit to  the  decision  of  the  Legislature,  is 
not,  therefore,  whether  a  paper  medium  of 
exchange  shall  be  introduced  into  the  terri- 
tory inhabited  by  the  petitioners.  That  al- 
ready exists,  and  cannot  be  excluded  by  the 
mere  operation  of  law.  The  question,  real- 
ly is,  whether  a  paper  currency  already  de- 
preciated, over  which  the  Commonwealth 
has  no  sort  of  controul;  from  the  supply  of 
which,  neither  her  citizens  nor  her  govern- 
ment, derive  the  smallest  advantage,  shall 
be  supplanted  by  one  safer  to  those  who  use 
it,  because  guarded  b>  their  vigilance:  pro- 
ductive to  thera  of  profit,  because  snpplied 


160      SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  BANKS. 


by  their  capital;  at»d  yielding  to  the  state, 
in  the  form  of  premiums,  for  permission  to 
make  such  profit,  a  stock  exceeding  half  a 
million  of  dollars;  and  an  annual  revenue 
which  cannot  be  imputed  at  less,  than  fifty 
thousand  dollars. 

The  petitioners,  in  some  instances,  pre- 
fer, and  in  all,  would  probably  accept  a 
tranch  of  either  of  the  existing  banks,  in- 
stead of  a  new  and  independent  bank,  if 
such  were  the  pleasure  of  the  Legislature, 
and  the  wish  of  the  stock  holders  of  those 
banks. 

Your  committee  have,  tharefore,  felt  it 
incumbent  upon  them  to  learn  the  decision 
of  the  stock-holders  of  the  Virginia  Banks, 
upon  this  question;  and  have  obtained  it,  as 
will  appear  from  the  annexed  communication 
in  a  shape  which  puts  to  rest,  the  hopes  of 
the  petitioners  from  that  quarter. 

Your  committee  do  not  mean  to  condemn 
the  determination  of  the  stock-holders  of 
the  Chartered  Banks.  A  proper  regard  to 
their  own  interest,  must  have  prompted 
such  a  decision:  and  your  committee  are 
fully  persuaded  that  the  interest  of  the  pe- 
titioners, tliemselves,  will  be  better  promo- 
ted by  leaving  the  institutions,  which  they 
pray  to  have  incorporated,  to  the  guidance 
of  their  stockholders,  subject  to  such  gene- 
ral restrainst  as  their  charters  may  provide. 
The  capacity  as  well  as  the  vigilance  of  the 
directors  of  any  bank,  will  be  great  in  pro- 
portion, as  the  sphere  of  its  operations  is 
narrow;  and  upon  these  qualities  in  the  di- 
rection of  such  an  institution,  must  depend 
the  security  of  its  loans,  as  well  as  the  pu- 
rity and  value  of  its  paper.  That  inconve- 
nience which  individuals  may  sustain,  from 
the  circumscribed  limits  of  their  respective 
circulation,  though  certainly  an  evil,  is 
more  than  counterbalanced  by  the  increased 
public  security,  which  their  multiplication 
affords.  So  long  as  the  Banks  in  general 
emit  specie  for  their  notes,  tiiey  will  pos- 
sess nearly  the  same  value;  and  this  incon- 
venience will  be  felt  only  in  proportion,  as 
it  is  the  result  of  the  balance  of  trade,  or 
the  rate  of  exchange  between  .different  parts 
of  the  same  country. 

This  evil  could  not  be  prevented  by  mul- 
tiplying and  extending  to  the  territory  in 
question  branches  of  the  existing  Banks 
as  the  experience  of  the  late  Bank  of  the 
United  States  most  conclusively  demonstra- 
ted. 

The  branches  of  that  Bank  were  spread 
along  the  coast  of  America,  through  all 
her  sea-ports;  but,  great  as  its  profits 
were,  it  could  not  afford  to  take  upon  it- 


self, the  expense  of  equalizing  the  balance 
of  trade  between  those  ports.  Much  less 
would  a  Virginia  Bank  venture  on  such  an 
expiriment,  in  relation  to  the  eastern  und 
western  territory,  and  the  markets  of  the 
north. 

Your  Committee  cannot  close  this  im- 
portant branch  of  their  enquiry,  without 
noticing  a  prevalent  opinion  that  the  credit, 
which  a  Bank  affords  to  its  customers,  is 
applicable  only  to  the  pursuits  of  commerce, 
and  the  inference  -which  may  thence  be 
drawn,  that  they  cannot  subsist  beyond  the 
limits  of  large  commercial  towns,  and  are 
not  calculated  for  the  country,  from  which 
the  petitions  under  consideration,  have 
been  presented.  This  opinion  seems  to  be 
confirmed  by  a  very  high  authority,  on 
every  question  relative  to  political  econo- 
my, an  authority  which  has  been  frequent- 
ly consulting  in  the  prelimery  part  of  this 
Report,  and  for  which  your  Committee  en- 
tertain the  highest  respect. 

The  prevalence  of  the  opinion  itself,  is 
perhaps,  solely  ascribable  to  the  circum- 
stance, that  it  has  a  place  in  the  admirable 
treatise,  entitled'  The  Wealth  of  Nations." 
Its  foundation  will,  therefore,  be  best  ascer- 
tained, by  a  recurrence  to  the  language  in 
which  it  is  there  expressed: 

"What  a  Bank  can  with  propriety  ad- 
vance to  a  merchant  or  undertaker,  of  any 
kind,  is  iiot  either  the  whole  capital  with 
which  he  trades,  or  even  any  considerable 
part  of  that  capital;  but  that  part  of  it  on- 
ly, which  he  would  otherwise  be  obliged 
to  keep  by  him,  unemployed,  and  in  ready 
money,  for  answering  occasional  demands.'' 

But  your  Committee  can  most  confident- 
ly affirm,  that  this  authority  is  contradic- 
ted and  refuted  by  the  experience  of  every 
Bank  in  America,  and  they  believe  it  to 
have  been  long  since  exploded,  in  the  very 
country  in  which  it  originated. 

In  England,  however,  where  much  wealth 
had  been  previously  amassed,  a  sufficient 
capital  may  have  existed  to  carry  on  the 
commerce  of  the  nation  before  the  creation 
of  any  bank  whatever,  it  may  have  been 
expedient  to  give  to  such  capital,  no  other 
aid  than  the  enclosed  facility  of  operation 
which  a  bank  so  limited  in  its  dealings, 
would  be  calculated  to  afford.  And  in 
England  and  Scotland,  where  a  crowded 
and  stationary  population  rendered  it  some- 
what difficult  to  discover  new  employments 
for  stock,  the  uncertainty  of  returns  would 
augment  the  hazard  of  lending  at  all. 

In  America,  however,  where  compara- 
tively speaking,  very  little  commercial  ca. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  BANKS.     16J; 


I>HaI  exists,  the  uses  for  it  are  so  niinieriuis 
as  to  ensure  success  to  almost  every  mer- 
cantile enterprise.  The  Banks  which 
draw  this  capital  from  the  country,  to  the 
towns,  may  not  only  with  salVty,  but  are 
compelled  by  necessity  to  exten<l  its  use  to 
objects  which,  if  they  warrant,  do  not 
perhnps  require  ia  Great  Britain. 

if  the  accounts  of  any  Ameriean  Bank 
he  examined,  it  will  be  >een  that  more  than 
one  half  of  its  outstanding  debts  are  found- 
ed on,  wi.at  is  called,  its  standing  accom- 
"inodations;  that  is.  on  the  discounted  notes 
which  the  Bank  may,  but  it  is  understood, 
tvill  not  call  in  at  the  end  of  sixty  days. 
Much  of  that  debt  will  be  found  to  have 
arisen  from  an  assurance  on  the  part  of  the 
Bank,  that  the  actual  payment  of  it  will 
not  be  required  for  many  months,  and  some 
part  of  it  for  several  years. 

Tiie  proportion  of  the  business  which 
any  bank  could  do,  to  tiiat  whicJi  it  does, 
would  be  small  indeed,  if  its  loans  were, 
in  fact,  as  they  are  almost  universally  in 
form,  for  the  short  period  of  sixly-dajs 
only. 

It  is  believed,  indeed,  known  by  your 
committee,  to  be  (rue,  that  the  capitals  of 
the  Banks  in  America,  constitute  not  onjy 
''a  part,"  hut  a  very  large  '-part"  of  the 
^'mercantile  capital"  of  the  nation.  Tliat 
it  is  employed  in  commercial  adventures, 
the  returns  of  which  can  rarely  be  expect- 
ed in  sixty  days,  most  of  which  exceed 
four  months,  very  many  six,  and  some  a 
twelve  month. 

Nor  is  perceived  by  your  committee, 
wherein  the  danger  of  tins  indulgence  coir- 
sists,  if  the  Bank  retains  a  sufficient  con- 
trol over  so  much  of  its  specie  capital  as 
is  necessary  to  keep  up  the  value  and  cir- 
culation of  its  paper. 

The  capital  adventured,  is  usually  insured 
against  the  accidents  of  the  voyaj;:;e  in  widch 
it  is  invested;  the  payment  of  the  note  or 
bond,  on  which  it  is  obtained,  is  endorsed  by 
approved  security,  and  new  indorsers  may 
be  required,  every  sixty  days,  should  a 
change  of  fortune  be  discovered  or  suspec- 
ted by  tlie  Bank  iu  tiic  circumstances  of  the 
drawer,  or  endorser. 

In  America,  Bank  dividends  which  have 
exceeded  twenty  have  seldom  fallen  short 
of  ei^ht  per  cent;  they  are  punctually  paid, 
carefully  preserved,  securely  transmitted 
without  delay  or  the  expense  of  commission 
to  the  stockholders  entitled  to  receive  them, 
and  the  stock  which  yields  this  revenue  oan 
generally  be  convjerted  by  assignment,  into 
specie,  at  ©r  above  par.     Hpncc  tlie  effect  of 


such  iiank.  in  drawing  together  all  the  float- 
ing capital  of  such  a  country;  and  if  that 
capital  were  to  be  afterwards  withheld  from 
all  the  various  uses  to  which  it  was  before 
applied,  the  creation  of  any  Bank  would  oc- 
casion, to  such  a  country,  a  most  serious  ca- 
lamity. The  evil  would  speedily  cure  itself. 
The  bank  would  become  unprofitable  to 
those  who  soujiht  its  establishment. 

But  if  Bank  credits  are  applicable  to  the 
foreign  commerce  of  a  country,  they  are 
yet  more  so,  to  its  internal  trade  which  feeds 
and  sets  on  motion  a  greater  share  of  its  in- 
dustry; alike  so,  to  its  manufactures;  and 
strictly,  though  perhaps  not  equally  so,  to 
its  agriculture. 

If  those  credits  be  extended  to  twelve 
nontlis,  there  is  no  return  from  the  soil,  in 
tlie  culture  of  America,  which  they  vv'ill  not 
embrace.  To  all  those  arts  which  assist  or 
are  combined  with  the  labours  of  the  plough, 
as  grazing,  tanning,  milling,  coopering,  the 
trades  of  tlie  carpenter,  smith  and  saddler, 
and  indeed,  to  every  branch  of  manufac- 
tures, they  are  unquestionably  applicable. 

An  industrious  and  frugal  artizan  in 
America,  may  safely  borrow  the  price  of  his 
iude  materials,  and  the  subsistence  of  his 
labour,  and  trust  to  the  sale  of  his  manufac- 
tured commodities,  to  replace  the  sum, 
which  he  has  obtained  on  loan,  with  a  profit 
to  himself,  exceeding  the  interest  which  he 
is  charged  for  its  use.  It  would  be  difficult 
to  convince  a  Loudoun  farmer,  that  he  may 
not  safely  go  in  debt,  until  the  ensuing  har- 
vest, for  his  piaistcr  and  cloverseed,  to  sup- 
ply, a  horse  which  he  has  lost  from  ]iis  team, 
or  to  ourchase,  or  repair  the  waggon  wh 
takes  his  crop  to  market. 

It  is  not  perceived  by  your  Committee;, 
that  such  customers  are  not  as  safe  and  as 
useful  to  a  Bank,  as  the  merchant  himself; 
that  their  contracts,  so  far  as  they  extend, 
will  not,  like  his,  support,  or  increase  the 
circulation  of  the  notes  of  such  Bank,  and 
yield  to  the  wealth  of  the  nation  as  substan- 
tial and  speedy  a  reliiri!. 

The  improvement  which  is  introduced  by 
the  agriculture  of  a  state,  adheres  to  its  soil, 
and  participates  in  all  the  vicissitudes  of  its 
good  or  bad  fortune.  That  of  tlie  arts  is 
incorporated  w^th  tiie  state  of  society  from 
which  they  spring,  and  becomes  as  fixed  as 
itself.  The  wealth  of  the  merchant  is,  as  it 
should  be  to  make  it  useful,  ever  floating. 
If  he  has  a  country,  as,  doubtless,  he  often 
has  in  his  aftections,  his  fortuiie  has  none. 
It  seeks  employment:  and  will  go,  when? 
profit  calls  it 


163    StPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— REPORT  ON  BANKS. 


Ac- 

-a  will 


sen- 


ilis the  interest  of  Virginia  to  disperse  a 
prosperous  and  happy  people  over  an  ex- 
tended territory,  let  her  villages  and  her 
country  be  fostered,  as  v. ell  as  her  towns 
and  cities?  There  is  a  harmony  amidst  all 
the  seeniingly  jarring  interests  of  society, 
whicli  it  is  the  duty  of  the  lav\s  to  n.-aintain. 
The  ComiT!  on  wealth  is  the  <j;euuine  parent, 
not  the  step  mother  of  her  children, 
cording  equal  favours  to  them  all,  sh 
preserve  and  cherish  among  them,  the 
timent  of  fdial  love. 

By  a'^brding  to  the  small  towns  and  to 
the  country,  the  same  facilities  for  the  em- 
ploymenl  of  their  capital,  which  have  been 
already  granted  to  the  large  towns  and  cities, 
that  capital  will,  it  is  true,  remain  and  find 
employment  nearer  home,  but  it  does  not 
follow  that  it  will  not  indirectly  promote 
the  gi'owth  of  those  very  towns  and  cities 
by  increasing  the  wealth  and  population  of 
the  country. 

There  are  superior  and  very  great  advan- 
tages attending  the  operations  of  a  Bank 
Avithin  the  former,  of  whicli  the  country 
cannot  and  ought  not,  if  it  could,  to  deprive 
ttiem.  Not  only  will  the  deposits  of  such  a 
Bank  b«  much  more  considerable,  than  if  it 
be  situated  amidst  a  less  crowded  and  weal- 
thy population,  and  the  circulation  of  its 
notes  be,  therefore,  more  easily  sustained, 
but  it  must  enjoy  a  larger  share  of  that  pro- 
fit, which,  not  dependent  upon  that  circula- 
tion, arises  from  a  transfer  of  credit  in  its 
books,  among  the  proprietors  of  that  ;xirt  '>i 
these  deposits,  which  arise  from  its  dis- 
counts. 

There  are  advantages,  as  yoi;r  Commit- 
tee have  shown,  common  to  tljose  institu.- 
tions  in  both  situations.  These,  the  city 
may,  but  ought  not  to  deny  to  the  country. 

Could  all  the  commercial  capital  of  Vii-- 
ginia  be  confined  witliin  the  limits  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  be  drawn  to  a  single 
town,  as  in  such  case,  it  could  be,  by  de- 
nying to  it  any  employment  as  advantage- 
ous elsewhere,  such  town  would  doubtless 
grow  with  unexampled  rapidity:  but  it 
•would  remain  to  be  proved  that  the  Com- 
monwealth would  be  the  gainer  by  such  a 
result.  Justice  and  policy  are  too  intimate- 
ly blended  in  the  order  of  Providence,  to 
permit  the  real  prosperity  of  a  nation  to 
grow  out  of  the  tyranny  of  its  government. 

Your  Committee  have  yet  to  perform  a 
very  important  part  of  their  duty. 

The  extent  of  the  depreciation  of  the  notes 
of  the  chartered  Banks  within  the  Common- 
Fcaltlj,  canuot  be  stated  at  loss  tliaa  nine 


per  cent,  below  par.  It  has  not  been  re- 
quired of  the  Committee  by  the  Hous",  t© 
point  out  the  evils  resulting  from  this  depre- 
ciation. 

Experience  has  read  to  America,  in  the 
history  of  her  continental  monei/,  a  lesson 
on  this  subject,  which  can  never  be  forgot- 
ten. A  depreciated  and  fluctuatii!g  paper 
currency  is  one  of  the  greatest  calamities 
wliich  can  overtake  a  conimeicial  people.  It 
strikes  at  the  root  of  all  contracts  and  un- 
dermines the  foundations  of  morality.  It 
'eaves  industry,  without  an  object,  and  la- 
bour without  the  hope  of  a  certain  reward. 
it  creates  a  host  of  speculators  and  usurers 
who  prey  on  the  necessities  of  individuals, 
and  fatten  on  the  vitals  of  the  nation. 

The  cause  of  this  evil,  so  far  as  it  at  present  ex- 
ists wiliiin  the  Commonwealth,  is  doubtless  to  be 
ascribed  to  tlie  suspens'on  of  specie  payments  by 
the  Virg'inia  Banks.  It'  every  paper  dollar  which 
they  have  in  circulation  would  produce  a  silver  dol- 
lar, when  required,  there  could  be  no  de|)ieci;.Lion, 
It  would  not  be  necessary  to  give  one  hundred  and 
nine  paper  dollars  for  one  hundred  dollars  oF  sliver 
or  g'old. 

Were  your  Committee  to  end  their  enquiry  at 
this  point,  the  benefit  of  the  enquir\  itself  wo-.ld 
be  of  little  importance. — A  remedy  lor  the  evil, 
would,  doubtless,  be  found  in  the  res<in;p*ion  of 
specie  payments  by  the  Banks.  Bui  the  General 
Assembly  once  sanctioned  tlieir  suspension,  and 
should  not  lig-hly  wi'J-draw  th.:'.  sanction. 

It  is  proper,  thoefore,  to  c.irry  this  enquiry  a 
step  hig'her.  Tiie  causes  of  that  suspension  were 
alledg-ed  to  be  tlie  an'ecedent  suspensions  of  specie 
pigments  by  the  Northern  Ranks  a.id  the  exi-'ence 
of  a  balance  of  tr..de  ag:tinsi  Viijriniii,  in  f..vor  of 
the  states  in  whicIV  those  B:.nks  are  located.  The 
unfavourable  boiance  was  s.dd  and  truly  sjid,  to 
arise  from  the  blockade  of  the  co.ist  of  Virg-ir.ia, 
and  the  consequent  suspension  of  her  exports; 
which  consisting  of  iieuvy  products,  would  not 
bear  tlie  expense  of  land  carriae^e,  while  hei-  im- 
ports, ccmprizing-  a  grea  er  value  in  less  \x'cight, 
were  not  so  sensibly  affected  by  this  cause,  and 
therefore  contimied. 

The  suspension  of  specie  payments  to  the  North 
operated  espec  ally  ag'uinst  one  of  the  Virg'inia 
Banks  which  happened  to  have  a  very  large  bal.mcs 
due  to  it  from  the  North,  which  that  suspension, 
left  it  no  prospect  of  immediately  adjusting,  as  in 
preceding  years,  by  the  demand  of  specie.  Its  ef- 
fect, at  any  raif ,  would  have  been,  while  the  ba- 
lance of  tri'de  \wus  ligainst  the  Commonwealth,  to 
occasion  a  dr.in  of  specie  from  the  Virginia  Banks 
to  supply  tlie  deficiency  of  her  exports. 

Another  cau.se  must  be  assigned  for  the  suspen- 
sion of  specie  payments,  to  the  North,  which,  with 
tiie  exception  of  the  Banks  of  Massachusetts  and 
Connecticut,  prevailed  throughout  the  commercial 
states.  This  cause  will  be  found  in  the  extraordi- 
nary loans  of  those  Banks,  to  the  federal  and  state 
governments,  in  the  moment,  when  the  paper,  which 
those  loans  forced  into  circulation,  liad  not  its 
former  foundation  to  sustain  its  value;  the  existence 
of  commerce  aad  the  good  fajtli  of  the  Banks  thews- 
selves. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER—REPORT  ON  BANKS.       163 


The  extent  of  tliis  cause  may  be  readily  conceiv- 
ed trom  the  fact  that  some  of  the  Philadelphia 
Banks  have  trebled  the  r  dividends  siiice  the  com- 
mencement of  he  war,  and  while  tiieir  notes  are 
much  below,  their  stock  is  as  much  above  par. 

With  the  war  itself,  all  these  c.iuses  of  the  sus- 
pensi  n  of'  specie  pavniients,  as  retcardi  the  B.uiks 
of  thii  Commonwealth,  may  be  said  to  have  ceased 
to  operate. 

The  exports  of  Virg'inia  have  never,  ii^  the  ag- 
ip-eq'ate,  commande  J  so  hi;7h  a  Oi-ice,  as  in  the  past 
year  The  value  of  those  sliipped  from  Richmond 
alone  in  the  first  six  months  af  er  the  restoration  of 
pe.ce amounted  to  4,900,000  dollars,  or  more  than 
one  half  of  the  total  value  of  the  exports  of  Vir- 
ginia m  any  former  year,  and  on?  tenth  part  of  the 
T,-liie  of  the  exports  of  the  native  products  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  in  the  best  commercial 
jear  preceding  the  wn-. 

Nor  was  the  pejce  less  propitious  in  removing- 
the  other  causes  of  this  suspension.  The  price  of 
the  United  States  stock  immediately  advanced  to 
very  near  par,  in  ihe  markets  of  F,urope;  and,  in 
consequence  of  the  unfavorable  excliaui^e  dien  sub- 
sisting, beu"ivecn  :his  country  and  Enpfiand,  there 
arose  a  deinaiid  for  it,  as  a  substitute  for  bills  of  ex- 
ohinge,  which  raised  it  above  the  value  of  the  pa- 
per currency  of  the  middle  states. 

The  Banks,  in  g-eneral,  by  selling  their  public 
stock,  whic:i  supplied  the  place,  ivrJiout  answer- 
in^-  the  purpose  of  gold  and  silver  in  their  vaidts, 
might  have  called  in  theij-  paper,  to  the  full  amount 
of  the  stock  wliich  they  had  subscrilitd,  and  liave 
reduced  their  circulation  to  its  ordmary  extent. 
Tiie  revival  of  foreign  commerce,  and,  with  that, 
of  domestic  trade  and  mdiislry,  would  have  giveii 
full  acdvity  to  that  circulation,  and  preveiUeda  ru;i 
on  them  for  specie. 

As  regards  t!ie  Virginia  Binks,  especially,  this 
policy  couM  not  have  failed  of  success,  supported 
as  i'-  was,  and  must  ii  -ve  been,  by  a  .eiurn  of  tint 
favourable  ba'iance  of  trade  wliicii  always  subsis'.td 
before  tiie  war,  between  this  Commonv/ealth  and 
llie  Northern  and  Eastern  States. 

If  aiiy  event  was  wanting  to  complete  this  happy 
result,  it  was  furnished  in  the  vapid  decline  of  the 
value  of  bullion  in  England,  and  the  accompanying 
fall  of  English  bills,  in   America. 

So  coiifident  was  the  public  expectation,  that 
die  concurrence  of  all  these  causes  would  promptly 
lead  to  the  resmription  of  specie  payments,  that  in 
the  joyous  feeling  inspired  by  tiie  reUirn  of  peace, 
the  coffers  were  unlocked,  in  which  the  precious 
metals  liad  been  hoarded,  during  the  x'.^ar;  and,  fi)!- 
a  moment,  no  want  of  specie  for  the  ordinary  purpo- 
ses of  change  was  discovered  in  this  Commonwealth. 

The  Banks  of  Virginia,  however,  did  not  second 
this  expectation,  or  if  they  did,  it  was  but  for  an 
instant. 

Although  the  opportunity  had  been  afforded  them 
of  reducing,  on  advaniageous  terms,  the  balance 
due  to  them  from  the  Noi-tiiern  Banks,  tliey  piv- 
served,  and  m  f.ict  it  is  believed,  continued  to  in- 
trcMC  tho-;e  balances;  and  they  have  sold,  if  any, 
but  a  small  part  of  tiieir  jjublic  stock.  Instead  of 
transferring,  for  their  own  paper,  tlio  pub'ic  dcbta 
due  to  them,  they  have  called  in,  aad  are  conlir.u- 
ing  to  call  in  their  private  debts.  As  the  unexam- 
pled foreign  demand,  increases  the  value  of  all  tlie 
native  products  of  Virginia,  tliey  ai-e  reducing  the 
mercantile  capital  required  to  purcliase  and  irans- 
port  those  productions,  to  tlic  mai-ketS  opc-netl  for 
Uieir  coBsamption. 


They  have  thus  departed  from  the  primarj'  pur» 
pose  of  their  institution,  in  order  to  retain  the  pub.*' 
lie  debts,  which  it  required  a  special  law  to  enable 
them  to  hold. 

Nor  do  your  committee  perceive,  how  the  banks 
ran  promote  the  Intere  t  of  their  stockholders,  by 
this  preference  of  their  public  to  their  private  debt- 
ors 

On  the  csntraiy,  they  beli.^ve  that  the  public 
debts  of  the  hanks  c mnot  yield  to  them,  a  revenue, 
equivalent  to  that  derived  from  their  standing  ac- 
commodations to  ind.vifluals,  while  the  obvious  ef- 
fect of  the  discount  of  re;d  paper,  in  sustaming  the 
circulation  of  their  notes,  sliouid  give  to  the  latter 
descripiion  of  their  customers,  a  prererence  ovel' 
every  other. 

Tlie  curtailment  of  the  discounts  of  a  bank,  with 
a  view  to  enable  it,  by  reducing  its  circulation,  to 
renew  the  emission  of  specie,  is  to  charge  upon  its 
customers,  the  necessity  of  importing  specie,  while 
the  means  of  making  the  importation  are  denied  to 
them. 

Nor  does  it  appear  to  your  committee,  to  be  rea- 
sonable, that  the  wliole  burthen  of  such  impor- 
tation should  be  suddenly  devolved  on  the  private 
dealers  vvith  the  banks,  when  the  necessity  of  that 
curtailment  has  arisen,  not  fi-om  their  act,  but  the 
act  of  the  banks  themselves,  and  an  act,  .by  Avhich 
thev  have  greatly  profited.  The  interest  paid  by 
this  Common  wealth,  to  the  Bmk  of  Virginia  since 
they  sus[;ended  the  payment  of  specie,  or  in  other 
words,  the  dischar^-e  of  their  own  debts,  has  ex- 
ceeded .sixty  thousand  dollars. 

When  a  B;iak  departs  from  the  spirit  of  its  early 
institution,  it  rhust  be  regarded  as  having  violated 
the  principk's  of  its  charter.  When  in  thus  act- 
in_g,  it  involves  itself  in  the  necessity  of  withhold- 
ing the  payment  of  its  just  debt,  it  ceases  to  be  a 
Rank;  and  if  its  existence  does  in  faci  survive  the 
effects  of  this  deterioration,  i'  must  be  ascribed  to 
the  defects,  or  remissness  of  the  laws. 

Tiie  duties  wh.ich  de\'olve  upon  the  Ch:  rt*»ied 
B:;nks  in  ti^e  present  circumstances  of  the  0  >m- 
monwealth,  appear  to  your  Committee,  to  be  1st.— 
To  adopt  the  speediest  r?meuy  for  enforcing  the 
p lyment  of  the  outstanding  balances  due  to  them, 
from  the  Northern  B  -nks,  and  to  maintain  no  inter- 
course with  any  of  tliose  Banks,  which  do  not  issue 
s]  lecie. 

2.  To  receive  in  the  course  of  their  transactions 
no  other  paper  than  their  own,  or  that  of  such 
!l:inks  as  have  never  suspended,  or  have  actually  re- 
sumed the  pa\'Ticnt  of  specie. 

3.  To  sell  whitcvcr  public  stock  "hey  possess, 

4.  To  fivour  the  impor'aiion  oX  specie  in  the 
course  of  commerce,  by  discounting  real  paper,  or 
extending  to  their  mercantile  customers  such  s.t. 
commodatinn  as  shall  terminate  witlun  a  jieriod  fix- 
ed b}-  law  tor  the  resumption  of  their  specie  emis- 
sion. 

5.  To  import,  if  necessary,  by  the  purchase  of 
ijiils,  the  current  coin  of  the  United  States,  or  ffold 
and  silver  bullinn,  from  wherever  it  can  he  had. 

B'  it  therefore  HnaoheJ,  Tliat  it  is  expedient  to 
establish,  su])ject  to  llie  conditions  herein  express- 
ed, a  Bank  at  Abingdon  in  the  County  of  Wash- 
ington, at  Charleston  in  the  County  of  Firuoke,  at 
Wiieeling  in  the  County  of  Ohio,  at  Mo>-gantown 
in  the  County  of  Monongalia,  at  Clarksburg  in 
tlie  County  of  Harrison,  at  Parkcrsburg  in  the 
(lounty  of  Wood,  at  Staunton  in  the  County  of 
Augusta,  at  Winchester  in  the  County  of  Frsder> 


i64j   su Implement  to  nilfs'  register— lock  navigation. 


ick,  at  Roniney  in  the  County  of  Hampsliire,  at 
ftlartinsburg-  in  the  County  of"  Beakeley,  at 
in  the  County  of  Jefl'erson,  at  in  the  Coun- 

ty of  Loudoun,  at  Warrenton  in  the  County  of 
Fauquier,  at  West  End  -n  the  County  of  Fairfax, 
and  at  Dumfries  in  llie  County  of  Pnnce-Wilhani; 
upon  condition  that  tlie  said  Banks  shall  pay  to  the 
Commonwealth  a  premium  for  their  charters, 
equivalent  to  that  paid  by  the  Bank  of  Virginia, 
and  Farmers'  Bank  ot'  Vi;  g-inia;  that  they  shall  be 
compelled  to  emit  specie;  that  they  shall  thereaftei 
h.old  their  charters  subject  to  revocation  by  the 
General  Assembly,  should  they  at  any  time  cease  to 
emit  specie  without  the  authority  of  Law:  that  the 
public  taxes  shall  continue  to  be  recciv;ible  as  hith- 
erto in  specie  or  the  notes  of  the  Bank  of  Virginia, 
or  Farmers'  Bank  of  Virginia. 

liesolved,  That  it  is  expedient  to  provide  by  law 
addiiional  means  of  enforcing  the  issue  of  specie 
by  the  Bank  of  Virg-inia. 

liesolved.  That  it  is  expedient  to  devise  by  law, 
the  most  effectual  means  of  protecting  the  privi- 
leges of  the  chai'fered  Banks,  and  the  rights,  inter- 
est and  dignity  of  the  Conimonwealtli,  against  the 
abuses  of  unauthorised  Private-Banking. 

Documents. —  Three  documents  accompany  the 
above  Report. — 1.  A  letter  of  the  1st  inst.  from, 
Mr.  Merrier,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  ad- 
dressed to  the  President  of  the  two  existing  Banks, 
requesting  them  to  consvdt  the  Stockholders  to  be 
convened  on  that  day,  whethe;  they  would  incorpo- 
rate tiie  petitioners  as  branches  of  their  respective 
institutions. — 2.  The  reply  of  Dr.  Brockenbrough, 
President  of  tiic  Bank  of  Virginia,  stating  the  re- 
solution of  the  Stockliolders  that  it  was  "inexpedi- 
ent at  this  time  to  augment  the  Capital  of  the  Bank 
t)f  Virginia,  or  to  create  the  branches  thereof" — 
and  3rd,  The  reply  of  Mr.  Hatcher,  President  ot 
the  Farmers'  Bank,  stating  as  the  resolution  of  its 
Stockholders  that  it  was  "inexpedient  for  the  cor- 
poration of  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Virginiaj-to  ac- 
cede to  the  wishes  of  the  petitioners  at  this  time." 


Lock  Navigj'ation. 

The  Committee  appointed  bij  the  Board  oj 
Managers  of  the  Schui/lkill  A'^uvigatiLni 
Companif,  to  view  the  Impruvemeuts,  h<f 
■means  of  dams  and  locks,  of  the  J\\iv:g'0- 
tion  (f  the  Connecticut  River, 
REPORT: 

That  they  have  viewed  several  of  the  improve- 
ments on  that  river,  and  obtained  information  re- 
specting others  from  gentlemen  of  intelligence, 
which  your  committee  believe  may  be  entirely  re- 
lie<l  on. 

The  perpendicular  fall  whicli  has  been  overcome 
on  Coiniecticut  river  by  means  of  dams  and  locks, 
is  about  two  hundred  feet,  whcii  is  between 
Sprinsj-field  in  Massaciiusetts,  and  Hanover  in  New- 
Tlampshire;  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and  thirty 
miles.  The  first  fill,  going  up,  which  has  been  im- 
proved, is  the  Willimantick,  where  there  is  about 
eight  feet  fall  in  one  mile.  This  improvemcTit  :s 
made  i)y  a  dam  in  the  river  near  to  and  running  pa- 
rallel with  the  siiore,  so  as  to  confine  the  water  in 
such  manner  as  to  form  a  good  boat  navigation 
down  the  Itiver;  but  on  the  return  of  the  boat,  it 
can  only  ascend  bv  means  of  a  team  of  horses  or 
oxeU.     The  next  improAcmeat  is  at  Soulii  Hadley, 


and  consists  of  a  dam  across  the  river,  eleven  hun- 
dred feet  long  and  four  and  a  half  feet  high,  and  a  . 
Canal  seven  hundred  and  twelve  perches  in   length, 
and  seventeen  feet  in  wdth  at  the  bottom,  with  five 
locks  near  the  lower  end,  overcoming  a  fldl  of  near- 
ly fifty  feet.     The  dam  is  of  wood  and  its  cons-ruc- 
tion simple.     It  is  built  upon  a  ledge   of  rocks, 
wiiich  in  a  dry  time  ri-e  near  the  surface  of  the  wa- 
ter.    Large  blocks  of  wood  are  laid  longitudinally 
witji  the  stream,  five  or  six  feet  apart,  and  bofed 
to  the  rocks;  upon  these  and  expending  quite  across 
the  nver  is  a  very  large  beam,  or  piece  of  timber, 
laised  bv  the  blocks  to  the  necessary   height  ;ind 
trunnellcd  to  them.     To  this  beam  are  pinned  with 
wooden  pins,  pieces  of  sawetl  scantling,  nine  inches 
square  and  twelve  feet  long,  projecting  up  the  river 
and   laid  close   together.     The  end   extending  up 
stream,  of  each  alternate  piece  of  this   scantling,  is 
bolted  with  iron  to  the  rocks  below.     The  dam  is 
perfectly  level  on  the  top,  so  that  the  water  may 
flow  over  every  part  of  it  at  all  times  to  preserve  it 
from  decay.     About  one  third  of  the  whole  length 
of  the  Canal  is  cut  through  a  solid  rock  ten  tcet 
deep,  and  near  the  locks  it  is  cut  tiirough  the  solid 
rock  more  than  forty  feet  deep  and  three  hundred 
feet  in  length.     The  locks  are  not  well  buih,  being 
of  stone  laid  without  mortar,  and  lined  with  pine 
plank  spiked  to  timbers,  bulk  in  the  wall.     The 
gates  are  opened  with  windlasses  and  the  locks  are 
filled  by  opening  a  valve  or  small  gate  in  the  lower 
part  of  tiie  large  gate. 

'["he  next  improvement  as  you  ascend  the  river  is 
at  Alontjigue.  The  river  at  this  place  is  divided 
by  a  ledge  of  rocks.  A  dam  five  hundred  feet  in 
length  and  thirty  ieet  in  heght  is  built  from  the  left 
bank  of  the  river  to  the  ledge  of  rocks,  and  another 
dam  five  huiidred  and  forty  feet  in  length  from  the 
ledge  of  rocks  to  the  right  bank  of  the  river.  These 
dams  are  built  With  timber,  in  the  manner  of  crib 
dams,  secured  to  the  rocks  below  with  iron  bolts — 
From  the  top  of  the  bre;.st  of  the  dam,  heavy  scant- 
ling laid  so  close  together  as  to  be  water  tiglit,  is 
extended  up  the  river,  with  their  up  stream  ends 
bolted  to  the  rocks  at  the  bottom,  and  the  other 
ends  upon  the  breast  of  the  dam.  Some  stone  is 
thrown  into  the  river  u])on  the  ends  of  the  scantling 
thus  bolted,  as  a  further  security  to  them.  These 
dams  are  level  on  the  top,  so  that  the  water  fiows 
over  every  part  of  them  to  preserve  them  from  de- 
cay. From  these  dams  thei'e  is  a  Canal  nearly 
three  miles  in  length,  and  eighteen  to  twenty  feet 
in  width,  and  of  such  depth  that  the  water  in  it  is 
always  three  feet  deep.  At  the  upper  end  of  the 
Canal,  between  it  and  the  breast  of  the  dam,  is  a 
guard  wall  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  forty 
feet  high,  rising  ten  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
water  in  the  Canal,  and  extending  about  sixty  feet 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Canal — this  being  necessa- 
ry to  prevent  Boats  atten  pting  to  enter  ilie  mouth 
of  the  Canal,  from  being  carried  over  the  dam; 
which  would  be  to  them  inevitable  destnic'ion.  At 
this  place  also  is  a  guard  lock  which  is  used  onlj  at 
tlie  times  of  freshets,  and  is  absolutely  necessary, 
not  only  for  the  preservation  of  the  Canal,  but  also 
for  the  use  of  Boats  when  the  River  is  high.  Near 
the  lower  end  of  the  Canal  are  eight  hicks,  built 
like  those  before  described,  with  an  average  rise  of 
from  seven  to  eight  feet.  About  three  mdes  above 
the  last  described  dam  is  another  about  eleven  feet 
higii,  with  a  lock  at  one  side.  This  improvement 
witii  that  at  Montague,  above  dcscrihed,  o.cr- 
comcs  a  fall  of  about  se^^nty  feet. 


N. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NiLES'  REGISTER— INLAND  NAVIGATION.    i6a 


At  Bellows's  Falls,  about  fort)-  miles  hifrher  un 
.the  River,  there  is  a  dam  seven  or  eidit  feet  hig-h, 
and  a  Canal  half  a  mile  long-,  upon  which  there  are 
seven  locks  overcoming  a  fall  of  about  fifty  feet. 

At  Queciiy,  thirty  miles  above  Bellows's  Falls, 
is  another  dam,  cig-ht  or  nine  feet  hig-h,  and  one 
lock — tlie  f;dl  overcome  at  this  place  is  not  exactly 
known.  ,;_ 

Ac  White  river,  about  eig-ht  miles  from  Quechv, 
there  are,  near  each  other,  two  dam.-,  and  five  locks, 
overcoming-  a  fall  of  nearly  forty  feet. 

Tiiese  last  three  improvements  your  committee 
have  not  seen,  but  have  received  a  short  description 
of  them  from  Mr.  Cooley,  the  Engineer  at  the  South 
Hadley  works,  upon  '.vhose  information  they  entire- 
ly rely. 

The  improvements  made  on  this  River  have  been 
by  several  companies.  The  .South  Hadley  dam  and 
canal  being  done  by  one  company,  and  the  .Montague 
works  by  another;  and  one  or  more  companies  made 
those  above.  Tiiere  are  still  several  intermediate 
pai-ts  of  the  river  requiring  impi-ovement,  which 
leaves  the  navigation  imperfect;  yet  as  the  worst 
parts  have  been  done,  boats  can  descend  and  ascend 
with  tolerable  facility. 

The  boats  which  navigate  that  river  are  from  fif- 
ty-eight to  sixty-two  feet  in  length,  and  from  nine 
to  eleven  feet  in  width,  from  twelve  to  twenty  tons 
burthen,  and  drawing,  when  fully  laden,  from  twen- 
ty-two to  twenty-eight  incites  water,  and  all  navi- 
gated by  three  hands.  These  boats  on  their  return 
up  the  river,  usually  take  two  thirds  of  a  load,  and 
are,  in  the  improved  parts  of  tlie  rivei',  navigated 
with  the  s-ame  number  of  hands  up,  as  dov.n  the 
river;  but  when  they  ai-rive  at  the  worst  places  in 
the  unimproved  jjart,  they  employ  as  many  land- 
men, as  will,  with  their  usual  complement',  make 
their  whole  number  of  men  equal  to  the  number  of 
tons  tliey  have  in  their  boat. 

Your  committee  conceive  that  the  construction  of 
dams  with  slopes  for  the  passage  of  rafts,  and  road 
ways  upon  the  breast  for  the  passage  of  waggons,  is 
Utterly  incompatible  with  the  safety  of  tiie  dams; 
and  so  far  as  respects  the  road  ways  absolutely  im- 
practicable for  any  useful  purpose.  Upon  this  sub- 
ject the  opinion  of  Mr.  Cooley,  the  cliief  engineer 
at  South  Hadley,  who  has  viewed  the  lower  part  of 
the  river  Schuylkill,  and  examined  the  Law  under 
which  this  company  hn.s  been  incorporated,  has 
been  taken;  and  is  contained  in  a  letter  from  him  to 
Mr.  Eviuis,  dated  November  9,  1815.  It  is  as  fol- 
low's,  viz: — 

"The  most  unaccountable  part  of  your  law  is, 
that  the  dams  are  to  be  made  with  fording  places. 
SlHAUge,  indeed,  that  it  should  liave  entered  into  the 
mind  of  man,  that  any  good  could  arise  to  the  pub- 
lick  in  tlii.s  way.  It  nugiit  ans\<'er  very  v.ell  on 
small  streams,  wiiere  railings  might  be  placed,  but 
upon  the  river  Sciiii}  Ikill,  witli  a  dam  not  more 
than  six  or  eight  feet  in  hciglit,  and  with  thirty  fee' 
in  the  middle,  one  foot  lower  than  tlie  rest,  no  man 
in  his  senses  will  attcmp  to  pass;  or  if  lie  d(jes,  and 
gets  through  with  safety,  the  woi-k  will  not  escape 
his  curses.  Besides,  how  is  the  wag.gon  to  pass  tlie 
guard  lock,  whicii  must  be  placed  opposite  tlie  dam.' 
The  walls  of  tlie  lock  must  be  as  liigh  as  the  high- 
est; and  if  a  bridge  is  erected  over  tlie  Canal  i. 
must  be  many  feet  higher.  I  think  the  people  liv- 
ing near  the  Schuylkill  m.iy  be  th.ankful  to  tlie 
company  if  they  do  not  make'the  fords,  considering 
the  danger  attending  them;  and  that  cvQi-y  dam  will 
form  a  safe  and  ca.sy  pond  for  a  ferry. 


"The  dams  in  your  river  are  to  be  made  one  foot 
lower  in  the  channel  of  the  river  than  elsewhere. — 
This,  if  done,  will  endanger  the  other  piu-ts  of  the 
dam.  The  great  safety  of  a  dam  is  to  have  it  all 
tlie  way  upon  the  top  smooth  and  level,  and  the 
front  made  tight  so  as  to  throw  all  the  water  over 
with  an  equal  depth — Throw  away  all  your  notions 
of  ford-wavs,  slopes  and  notclies  in  your  dams,  and 
go  to  work  in  ihe  proper  way,  to  complete  the  na- 
vigation in  question.  It  is  a  very  Uud;ible  and 
praiseworthy  undertaking,  wliich,  if  carried  into  ef- 
fect, will  prove  a  great  and  lasting  benefit  to  tha 
country  " 

Af  er  Mr.  Cooley  had  viewed  the  lower  part  of 
the  river  Schuylkill,  lie  gave  it  as  his  d-cided  opin- 
ion, that  there  would  be  very  little  difficulty  in  ef- 
fecting a  complete  dam  and  lock  navigation  on  that 
river,  if  a  proper  plan  w^as  adopted;  and  that  com- 
pared with  the  Connecticut  river,  the  expense  and 
trouble  would  be  very  smull.  In  this  your  commit- 
tee entirely  concurred.  It  appeared  to  them  that 
the  Connecticut  river  was  more  than  three  times  as 
large  as  the  Schuylkill,  that  it  was  subject  to  as 
great  freshets,  and  to  be  incommoded  with  as  great 
qtiantities  of  floating  timber,  and  bodies  of  ice,  as 
the  river  Schuylkill.  That  if  some  alterations  are 
made  m  the  law,  and  the  company  are  aided  by 
tlieir  publick  spirited  fellow  citizens,  no  doub^ 
could  he  entertained  of  the  work  being  completed 
in  a  much  shorter  time  than  is  contemplated  by  the 
law. 

Submitted  to  the  Board  of  Managers. 
CASPER  W.  MORRIS, 
SAMUEL  BAIRD, 
CADWALADER  EVANS,  Jr. 
Philadelphia,  Jamiarij  2,  181(3. 


Legislature  of  >»orth  Carolina. 

Tfeport  nf  the  Committee  on  Inland  j^avigatio7i, 
siihrnitted  to  the  Lesrislatitre  of  JVorth  Carolina, 
J\'ovL'mber  30th,  1815,  bij  Archibald  D.  Marphy, 
their   Chairman. 

The  Committee  to  wli'om  were  referred  the  Resolu- 
tion on  Inland  Navigation,  and  so  much  of  the 
Message  of  His  Excellency  the  Governor  as  re- 
lates to  the  same  .subject,  KEPORT — 
That  the  time  lias  come  when  it  behoves  tlie 
Legislature  of  North  Carolina  to  provide  efficient- 
ly f()r  the  improvement  of  the  Inland  Navigation  of 
the  Stale.  To  delay  this  provision,  is  to  postpone 
that  national  wealth,  respectability  and  imi)ort;uice 
which,  follow  only  in  the  train  of  great  interna!  im- 
lirovemenls.  With  an  exterit  of  territory  suffi- 
cient io  iriaintain  more  than  ten  millions  of  inhabi- 
tants, under  a  system  which  would  devclope  the 
possible  resources  of  our  agriculture,  we  cm  only 
boast  of  a  population  something  less  than  six  hun- 
dred thousand;  .ind  it  is  but  too  obvious  tliat  this 
population,  under  the  present  state  of  things  al- 
ready approaches  its  maximum.  Within  twent}-- 
five  years  past,  more  than  two  hundred  tl-.ousand  of 
>jur  inhabitants  have  removed  to  the  waters  of  the 
Ohio,  Tennessee,  and  Mobile;  and  it  is  mortifying 
to  wi  ness  the  fact,  that  tliousands  of  our  wealthy 
and  respectable  citizens  are  annually  moving  to  tlie 
West  in  c[uest  of  that  v.-ealth  which  a  rich  soil  and 
a  commodious  navig-ation  never  fail  to  create  in  a 
free  State;  and  tliat  thousaiidsof  our  poorer  citizens 
follow  them,  being  literally  driven  away  by  the 


1(56    SUPPLEMENT  TO  NTLES'  REGISTER— INLAND  NAVIGATION. 


prospect  of  poverty.  In  this  state  of  thinps  our 
agriculture  is  at  a  stand;  and  abaiiding-  all  idea  of 
getting-  rich  by  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  men  are 
seeking  the  way  to  wealth  through  all  the  devious 
paths  of  speculation.  In  tliis  way  individual  pros- 
perity contributes  but  little  to  the  national  wealth; 
and  what  is  still  more  lament;  ble,  habits  of  specu- 
lation are  succeeding  to  habits  of  steady  industry; 
and  our  citizens  are  learning  to  prefer  the  fortuitous 
gains  of  the  first,  to  the  slow  yev.  regular  gains  of 
the  second.  This  perversion  of  things  is  gradually 
undermining  our  morality,  and  converting  the  char- 
acter which  we  bore  of  being  industrious,  enterpris- 
ing farmers,  and  thriving  mechanics,  into  that  of 
shop-keepers  and  speculators.  Tliis  rage  of  specu- 
lation has  given  a  factitious  value  to  houses  and 
lots  in  the  several  towns  of  the  stale,  but  has  not 
advanced  the  price  of  lands  in  the  country;  and 
whilst  the  people  whom  we  have  sent  to  work  the 
soil  of  other  states  and  territories  have  raised  the 
price  of  their  lands  from  two  to  fourfold,  the  price 
of  ours  has  remained  stationary — What  is  the  cause 
of  this  strange  condition  of  things?  Is  the  soil  of 
this  state  too  poor  to  reward  the  labors  of  tJie  hus- 
bandman with  its  products?  Have  we  no  navigable 
streams  by  which  these  products  can  be  taken  to 
market?  We  have  as  good  a  soil  as  any  of  the 
southern  Atlantic  states  can  boast  of;  fine  rivers 
jitersect  our  state  in  different  directions,  furnisliing 
superior  means  and  facilities  for  an  extensive  inter- 
nal commerce  to  those  enjoyed  by  any  of  our  neigh- 
boring states — But  hitlierto  we'  have  not  availed 
ourselves  of  the  means  which  Providence  has  thrown 
in  our  way;  we  have  sufi'ered  year  after  year  to  pass 
by  without  seizing  opportunities  to  improve  our 
condition;  and  whilst  we  admit  that  internal  im- 
provements are  essential  to  our  prosperity,  we  seem 
to  act  upon  a  contrary  principle,  and  to  expect  that 
rational  prosperity  will  come  without  national  La- 
bour. It  is  surely  worse  tlian  folly  to  expect  the 
rewards  of  industry  without  its  toils,  or  national 
prosperity  without  exertion;  and  we  ought  always 
to  bear  in  mind  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  govern- 
inent  lo  aid  the  enterprize  of  its  citizens,  and  to  af- 
ford to  them  facilities  of  disposing  to  advantage,  of 
the  products  of  their  industry. 

At  this  day,  when  the  science  of  political  cecono- 
my  is  so  well  imderstood,  and  with  the  examples 
before  us,  not  only  of  France  and  of  England,  but  of 
many  of  our  sister  states,  where  the  principles  of 
tliis  science  have  been  carried  into  practical  effect, 
no  doubt  can  be  entertained  as  to  tlie  great  impor- 
tance of  directing  both  the  wealtli  and  the  attention 
of  the  government  to  objects  of  internal  improve- 
ment. It  is  real  CEConomy  to  expend  the  public  mo- 
ney upon  tliese  objects.  The  blessings  of  the  gov- 
ernment are  thereby  brought  home  to  every  man's 
door.  The  comforts,  tlie  conveniences  of  life  are 
increased;  the  public  labour  is  rewarded,  and  the 
wealtli  of  the  state  keeps  pace  with  the  wealth  of  its 
citizens.  It  is  time  for  North-Carolina  to  enter  up- 
on this  career  of  prosperity;  to  take  efiectual  steps 
to  develope  her  territorial  resources,  and  to  enlarge 
tliem  by  all  the  means  which  the  science  of  political 
oeconomy  points  out.  The  late  cliange  in  the  sys- 
tem of  her  finances,  and  the  increased  revenue  ai  is- 
ihg  from  her  interest  in  tlie  several  banks,  .at  length 
put  it  in  her  power  to  carry  into  effect  the  wishes 
of  the  Legislature  upon  this  subject. 

Among  the  various  objects  of  internal  improve- 
ment, tlie  opening  of  oui-  rivers,  the  cutting  of  ca- 
nals, an  d  tlie  making  of  turnpike  roads,  are  of  pri- 
nriary  importance,  and  first  claim  the  attention  of 


the  Legislature,  ^ix  large  and  commodious  rivers 
intersect  this  state  in  different  directions;  the  Roa- 
noke, the  Neuse,  the  Tar,  the  Cape  Fear,  tiie  Yad- 
kin, and  the  Ca  uwba.  Tliese  rivers,  with  their 
tributary  streams,  water  almost  every  countrj  in 
the  state;  and  were  u  practicable  to  adopt  a  i^ene- 
ral  system  for  the  improvemeni  of  the  navigation  of 
each  of  these  rivers,  and  various  streams  that  run 
into  them,  it  is  impossible  now  to  calculate  the  ad- 
vantages which  would  result  from  it.  It  would 
certainly  not  be  improper  to  say,  that  within  five 
vears  after  this  improvement  shall  have  been  made, 
llic  value  of  all  ihe  lands  in  the  state  %yill  be  dou- 
bled,  and  the  productions  of  our  agriculture  in- 
creased thrte-fold.  Taking  the  value  of  our  lands 
at  §53.506,519,  the  amount  of  the  late  assessment 
under  the  act  of  Congress,  at  the  end  of  those  five 
vears,  we  might  safely  estimate  the  vauie  at 
"§107,000,000.  "  And  taking  the  annual  productions 
of  our  agriculture  at  §30,000,000,  wiiich  is  cer- 
tainly below  the  present  amount,  at  the  end  of 
tliose  five  vears,  we  might  estimate  their  value  at 
§90,000,000.  And  if  we  take  into  view  the  induce- 
ments which  those  improvement.3  would  hold  out  to 
our  citizens  to  remain  amongst  us,  we  might  well 
calculate  that  at  the  end  of  twenty  years  from  this 
time,  our  population  would  amount  to  one  and  an 
half  million.  In  this  estimate  of  national  jji-chperi- 
ty,  should  also  be  considered  the  comforts  and  con- 
veniences of  life,  which  would  be  brought  to  the 
door  of  each  of  our  citizens — the  s'eady  habits  of 
industry  which  would  be  est;.bli>hed;  and  the  con- 
sequent morality  which  would  follow  those  habits: 
And  not  the  least  of  all,  we  should  notice  the  abun- 
dant revenue  which  would  accrue  to  the  state; 
thereby  affording  to  the  Legidature,  trie  means  not 
only  of  lessening  the  public  burthens,  but  of  piovid- 
ing  effecti  tally  for  the  establishment  of  schools  in 
ev"ei7  section  of  the  st;ite,  and  of  m:.king  ample  pro- 
vision for  the  ctiltivation  of  the  sciences  and  the 
arts.  Your  committee  deem  it  tiieir  duty,  further 
to  state,  that  those  improvements  in  our  inland  na- 
vigation, would  necessarilj  lead  to  the  growth  of 
tlii-ee  large  commercial  towns,  one  upon  the  Roa- 
noke, one  upon  the  Neuse,  and  one  upon  the  Capi^ 
Fear.  The  extensive  fertile  country,  waieied  by 
the  Roanoke  and  its  branches,  would  concentrate  its 
produce  at  some  port  near  the  iiead  of  Albemarle 
Soiuid;  and  we  should  soon  have  in  that  quarter  a 
market  thu  would  rival  that  of  Norfolk,  if  we  ex- 
cept the  Hudson,  there  is  not,  perhaps,  in  all  the 
Atlantic  states,  a  river,  down  w  Inch  so  much  pro- 
duce would  be  tr.-msported.  All  that  section  of  our 
sister  State,  which  is  watered  by  the  Staunton  and 
its  branches,  would  seek  a  market  on  the  Roanoke; 
and  by  closing  Croathan  Sound,  and  opening  for 
the  waters  of  the  Albemarle,  that  outlet  to  the 
ocean  through  which  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  first  en- 
tered, we  might  indulge  the  hope,  that  a  commer- 
cial  city  v/ould  gi-ow  up  in  that  quarter,  equal  in 
importance  to  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  or  Charles- 
ton— A  countrv  viiose  productions  are  incalculable 
in  value,  M'ouid  adept  tiiis  for  their  course  of  traile. 
The  waters  of  the  Neuse,  rising  near  the  Viiginia 
line  ;md  passing  near  tlie  city  of  Raleigh,  intersect 
the  State  from  north  to  south.  The  dangers  of  the 
navigation  through  Ocracock  Inlet,  are  likelj  to 
be  avoided,  bv  the  canal,  which  will  furnish  an 
Outlet  at  Beaufort.  The  company  which  has  been 
formed  for  opening  this  canal,  will  complete  the 
work,  probablv,  in  a  few  years;  and  whilst  New- 
bern  will  be  the  place  of  depot  for  the  productions 
of  tlie  country  watered  by  tke  Neuse,  IJe«if— ^  "  iiJ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— INLAND  NAVIGATION.   167 


become  a  port  for  sliippin?^  those  productions  to  the 
most  advaiT.ag'eous  markets. 

The  waters  of  the  Cape  Fear,  in  like  manner,  ri■^inp^ 
near  the  Virginia  l.ne,  intersect  the  State  from 
north  to  sou  h.  The  main  branch  of  this  river  may 
be  made  navi(>able  for  boats  to  the  county  of  llock- 
ing-ham,  within  less  than  thirty  miles  of  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  tlie  State.  The  immense  quantity 
of  produce  wliich  at  this  time  finds  its  way  to  dif- 
ferent markets  through  tliis  river,  renders  it  unne- 
cessary for  your  committee  to  remark  up'in  the  im- 
portance of  improving  its  navigation.  Aiready  a 
vast  coiimercial  capital  is  employed  at  Wilming- 
ton ai  d  Fave.tteville;  and  to  what  extent  would  not 
this  capital  be  enlaiged,  were  the  navigation  of  the 
Cape  Fear  and  its  waters  improved? 

Your  committee  are  informed,  that  it  is  deemed 
quite  practicable  to  unite  the  waters  of  the  Yadkin 
with  those  of  the  Cape  F^  ;r,  along  a  rout  throttgh 
the  counues  of  iiichiriond  and  Robeson,  and  th'is  to 
bring  to  the  Capa  Fear  the  productions  of  all  ti-at 
extensive  and  fertile  country  which  is  watered  bj' 
the  Yadkin  and  its  branches  As  this  river,  a  little 
below  this  contemnln'ed  route,  passes  into  the 
Slate  of  South  Cmolina,  it  becomes  an  object  of 
g!-eat  national  importance  to  open  a  communication 
between  it  and  the  Cape  Fear,  that  the  wealth  of  the 
Yadkin  may  be  made  to  contribute  to  (he  growth  of 
our  own  cnmrnercial  towns,  and  the  numerous  po- 
pulatirm  upon  its  waters  mav  find  within  their  own 
Siatet  a  marke  for  the  products  of  tlie.r  industry. 

I'he  growth  of  aw  commerc  al  towns  is  of  pe- 
culiar importance  to  the  character  of  the  state. 
Wiiilst  we  contmue  to  send  our  products  to  the 
markets  of  other  sta  es,  we  shall  be  destitute  of 
that  independence  of  ciiaracier  which  it  should  be 
the  pride  of  our  citizens  to  cherish.  One  species 
of  dependence  begets  another;  and  having  hitherto 
been  dependent  upon  Virginia  and  Soudi  Carolina 
for  markets  for  the  greatest  parts  of  our  produce, 
we  have  in  some  measure  become  dependent  upon 
those  states  for  our  opinions  and  prejudices.  It  is 
tlie  duty  of  the  Legislatiu'e  to  contribute  as  far  as 
possible  to  break  the  spell  that  binds  us  to  this  de- 
pendance  and  so  to  cnange  the  political  orb  of 
North  Carolina,  that  she  shall  move  as  a  primary, 
and  not  a  secondiu-y  state  in  the  system  of  the  Con- 
federacy. 

To  efft-ct  these  grand  objects,  your  committee 
have  endeavoured  to  devise  a  plan  by  which  the 
wealth  of  \he  state  may  be  brought  to  the  aid  of 
Individual  enterprise;  and  by  which  certainly  of 
success  sh.^Il  be  guaranteed  to  those  who  v/iil  em- 
bark in  the  undertaking  of  improving  our  inland 
navigation. — They  will  exhibit  in  this  report,  the 
gvneral  outlines  and  features  of  this  plan;  and 
should  they  be  approved  by  the  Legislature,  your 

committee  will  be  ready  forthwith  to  submit  a  bill .  lature  by  the  President  of  the  Board,  of  the  state 
to  carry  the  plan  into  effect.  I  of  our  Inland   Navigation  and  the  sums   expended 

Your  committee  propose,  in  the  first  place,  to  on  behalf  of  the  State  in  improving  the  same;  and 
amend  the  several  Navigation  Charters  heretofore .  he  shall  recommend  such  measures  as  the  Hoard 
grantecl  to  the  Roanoke,  the  Neuse,  the  Deep  and  may  deem  necessary  for  the  furtherance  of  the 
Jlaw  River  and  Catawba  Companies,  in  such  way !  views  of  the  Legislature  upon  the  subject  of  our 
that  those  Charters  shall  be  alike  in  every  respect. '  Inland  Navigation. 

2d._  To  incorporate  companies  for  the  Tar  and!  lUth.  Payment  for  Stock  holden  by  the  State 
Yadkin  Rivers,  and  grant  to  them  similar  Charters.  I  shall  be  made  by  the  Public  Treasurer  upon  war- 

3d.  To  establish  a  Board  of  Commissioners  of  I  rants  drawn  bv  the  President  of  the  Board;  and  di- 


next,  their  acceptance  or  rejection  of  the  amended 
Charter  proposed  to  be  granted  to  them:  And  the 
directors  of  the  companies  accepting  the  amended 
Charter,  and  also  the  directors  of  the  Tar  Riyer 
and  Yadkin  companies,  or  those  designated  to  act 
as  directors  for  the  time  being,  shall,  on  or  before 
the  first  day  of  May,  make  known  to  the  Board  of 
Commissioners  the  places  where  books  should  be 
opened  for  receiving  subscriptions  of  slock  for 
each  company,  with  the  names  of  the  persons  under 
whose  direction  the  books  shall  be  opened;  and  that 
ihereupon,  the  President  of  the  Board  shall  give  ncr- 
tice  in  the  pubhc  papers  printed  in  this  State,  South 
Carolina  and  A'irginia,  of  the  times  and  places  of 
opening  books  for  receiving  subsciipiions  of  stock 
for  each  company,  and  of  >  he  names  of  the  persons  un- 
der whose  direction  the  books  shall  be  opened.  The 
books  sh..ll  reman  open  for  the  sp.-.ce  of  fofty  days, 
at  the  end  of  which  cime  they  shall  be  closed,  and 
the  directors  of  each  company  shall  certify  to  the 
Board  of  Comtnissioners  the  amount  of  stock  sub- 
scvibed  upon  ^he-r  bocks;  and  also  make  known  to 
the  Commissioners  what  amount  of  stock,  if  any, 
be,  in  their  opinion,  required  in  addition  to  that 
subscribed,  to  complete  the  navigation  proposed  to 
be  completed  b>-  the  said  D. rectors; — and  thereup- 
on, the  President  of  the  Board  shall  subscribe  on 
behalf  of  the  state  upon  the  books  of  each  compa- 
ny the  amount  of  stock  so  required;  provided,  that 
the  said  amount  does  not  exceed  one  third  part  of 
the  whole  sum  required  to  complete  the  navigation. 

5th.  If  the  amount  ef  stock  so  subscribed 
shall  be  found  insufficient,  the  Directors  of  each 
company  may,  from  time  to  time,  open  Books  for 
receiving  further  subscriptions  tor  stock. 

6th.  The  President  of  the  Board  of  Commissi- 
oners shall  be  a  Director  in  each  Company  in  which 
tlie  state  holds  stock,  and  shall  represent  the  state 
in  the  meetings  of  the  Stockholders. 

7th.. The  rights  and  privdeges  of  the  Compa- 
nies shall  extend  from  the  sources  of  the  rivers  to 
their  mouths  or  to  the  boundary  line  of  this  State, 
and  shall  extend  to  all  streams  running  into  those 
rivers,  so  that  there  shall  not  be  conflicting  compa- 
nies upon  the  same  river;  and  as  to  the  junction  of 
the  waters  of  any  two  or  more  of  tlie  said^.  ivers  by 
means  of  Canals,  it  shall  be  effected  in  such 
way  as  the  Directors  of  its  Companies  interested 
shall  agree  upon;  and  if  th;y  cannot  agToc,  it  shall 
be  referred  to  the  Legislature  to  determine  the 
manner. 

8th.  The  Board  of  Commissioners  shall  employ 

one  or  more  scientific  engineers   to  make  surveys 

under    tlieir   direc.ion,    and    to   make  charts  with 

I  notes  and  obsei'vations  explanatory  thereof  for  the 

use  of  the  State. 

Oih.  Annual   reports  shall  be  made  to  the  Legis- 


three  Members,  who  shall  hold  their  meetings  in 
the  city  of  Raleigh. 

4th.  That  the  Stockholders  in  the  Roanoke,  the 
Neuse.  the  Deep  and  Haw  River,  and  Catawba 
companies  shall  make  known  to  the  Board  of  Com- 
mrssiouers,  on  or    before  thfe  first  day    of   May 


vidend.s  which  shall  accrue  to  the  stnte  upon  her 
navigation  stock,  shall  be  paid  to  the  Public  Trea- 
surer by  the  treasurers  of  the  respective  compa* 
nies  upon  warrants  drawn  b\  the  President  of  the 
Board. 
J  1th.  Yoor  cromTHittee  proposes  t«  atta«ht»rtfe 


l/)8 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILEi=>'  REGISTER— INLAND  NAVIGATION. 


Board  of  Commissioners  duties  of  another  kind; 
the  duties  of  collecting  information  for  the  use  of 
the  Lptriskture,  upon  the  climate,  the  soil,  the 
atn-iculture,  the  productions  and  tlie  manufactures 
of  the  state;— and  as  far  as  it  may  be  convenient,  of 
each  county  therein;  and  from  time  to  time,  to  sub- 
mit  to  the  le.^islature  regular  series  of  statistical 
tables  upon  those  subjects.  Statistics  now  consti- 
tute the  raaii>  branch  of  the  science  of  political 
economy.  At  this  time  we  are  destitute  of  regular 
statistical  information;  and  vour  committee  deem 
it  an  object  worthy  of  attention  to  employ  intelli- 
gent men  to  collect  and  arrange  such  intormation 
for  the  use  of  the  Legislature.  . 

Your  committee,  in  consklering  the  subject  re- 
ferred to  them,  Live  not  overlooked  tlie  advantages 
which  might  one  day  accrue  to  the  state,  trom  the 
extensive'  interior  navigation  wh.ch,  with  some 
improvements,  may  be  carried  on  through  the  wa- 
ters of  the  different  sounds,  extendmg,  with  lit  te 
interruption  from  the  ^^rginia  line  along  the  whole 
coast  of  this  state  to  the  line  of  South-CaroUna— 
and  your  committee  would  recommend  that  tlie 
board  of  commissioners  be  instructed  to  have  a 
survey  made  of  those  sounds  and  report  to  the  legis- 
lature he  prob;ible  expense,  as  well  as  the  best 
mode  of  opening,  this  extensive  mternal  naviga- 

It  becomes  now  the  duty  of  your  committee  to 
point  out  the  ways  and  means  by  which  the  plan, 
which  they  h:ive  devised  may  be  carried  into  effec'; 
and  to  show  the  ability  of  the  state  to  advance  the 
requisite  fund  without  hicreasing  the  public  bur- 
thens They  have  therefore  endeavoured  to  ascer- 
tain the  probable  income  of  the  state  which  will 
hereafter  accrue  annually  from  Uie  present  sources 
of  revenue;  and  also  the  amount  of  the  civil  list 
and  contingent  cliarges  of  government. 

Tie  lands  of  the  State  were  valued  by  the  As- 
sessors under  the  late  act  of  Congress  for  laying 
and  collecting  a  Direct  Tax,  to  the  sum  of  S  Jb,o06, 
519_Taking  this  valuation  as  die  basis  of  calcula- 
tion, die  product  of  the  Land  Tax  will  be  ne.My 
§543  000-  \nd  if  we  deduct  from  this  sum  Sheriff  s 
commissions  and  incidental  charges,  we  may  esti- 
mate the  product  of  the  L-.md  Tax  at  ^40,000. 
The  other  taxes,  excluding  the  tax  on  Rank  Stock 
and  including  the  sum  received  at  the  Treasury  for 
entries  of  land,  amounted  for  the  year  1 814  to 
S5i''  272.  To  these  sums  may  hereafter  be  added 
the  tax  on  Rank  Stock  amounting  to  ^13,500;  and 
the  devidends  which  will  accrue  to  the  State,  upon 
her  stock  n  the  Cape  Fear  and  Newbern  Banks; 
which  calculated  at  8  per  cent,  will  amount  to 
5^15,080.  The  mcome  of  the  state  may  therefore 
be  stated  as  follows: 

Land  Tax §40,000 

Tax  on  Rank  Stock     -         -         -  13,500 

Other  Taxes  including  sums  received  for 

entries  of  Land  annually.         -         -         50,272 
Dividends  on  Stock  in  the  Newbern  and 

Cape  Fear  Banks  -         -         -  15,000 


gll8,000 
Your  Committee  find  that  in  ordinary  times 
S60  000  will  cover  the  amount  of  the  present  civil 
list  and  the  contingent  charges  of  government.— 
If  therefore,  the  amount  of  the  civil  list  and  the 
contin,-eiit  charges  of  government  were  not  to  be 
increased,  there  would  be  an  annual  surplus  in  the 
Treasury  of  ^58,852.  Rut  your  committee  suppose 
tliat  the  Legislature,  in  liiaklng  amendnients  tp 
their  judiciary  system  and  to  their  other  civil  inatl- 


tutions,  may  deem  it  expedient  to  increase  tlie 
amouut  of  the  civil  list,  and  the  charges  upon  the 
contingent  fund  will  necessarily  increase  by  carry- 
ing into  effect  the  proposed  plan  for  the  improve- 
ment of  our  inland  navigation. — Thsy  therefore  take 
the  sum  of  ^40.000  as  the  annual  surplus  fund 
which  may  be  applied  to  the  purposes  of  our  inland 
navigation. 

Your  Committee  however,  cannot  forbear  to  ob- 
serve that  the  surplus  fund  will  in  all  probability, 
greatly  exceed  this  amount.     The  product  of  all 
the  taxes  will  be  much  increased.     The  increase  of 
population  will   of  course   increase  the  amount  of 
the  poll  tax:  the  tax  on  stores   which  for  the  last 
year  vielded   §2,474,65  cannot   fail     hereafter   to 
yield  ^6  or  8,000 — and  the  mere   adoption  by  the 
Legislature  of  some  efficient  plan  to  improve  our 
inland  navigation,  would  immediately  add  at  least 
ten  millions  of  dollars   to  the  present  value  of  our 
lands;  and  their  value  would   annually  increase  as 
the  work  of  internal  impravements  progressed — add 
to  all  these  sources  of  revenue  the  sums  which  will 
be  received  into  the  Treasury  from  the  sale  of  va- 
cant lands  in  that  extensive  tract  of  country,  the 
lines  of  which  have  been  lately  defined  in  our  trea- 
ty with  South  Carolina,  and  the  dividends  upon  the 
stock  holden  by  the  Slate  in  the  State  Bank,  M-hich 
will  remain  subject  to  other  disposition,  so  soon  as 
he  uaper  currency  shall  be  redeemed.     It  will  be 
no  extravagant  c:dculation  to  estimate  the  amount 
of  the  annual  surplus  fund  at  the  end  of  fifteen 
years  at  §100,000. 

Upon  the  credit  of  this  fund,  the  Legislature,  if 
they  should  find  it  necessary,  may  make  aniple 
loans  for  the  prosecution  of  other  enterprizes 'for 
the  internal  imirrovement  of  the  State:  and  the  mo- 
nies so  to  be  borrowed,  can  be  paidatconvenientperi- 
ods  without  increasing  any  of  the  present  taxes. 

In  the  mean  time,  your  committee  recommend  to 
the  Legislature  to  avail  themselves  of  the  right  se- 
cured to  tht  State  by  the  late  amended  charters 
granted  to  the  Ranks'  of  Newbean  and  Cape  Fear, 
of  having  on  loan  for  any  period  that  shall  suit  the 
convenience  of  the  State,  a  sum  equal  to  one  tenth 
part  of  the  capital  of  those  Banks.  This  sum  amouii- 
tino-'o  ^160,000,  aided  by  such  surplus  funds  as 
m-i-  from  year  to  year  remain  in  the  Treasury,  will 
pi(  bab./  enable  the  Board  of  Commissioners  to 
meet,  tiie  engagements  of  the  State,  with  the  seve- 
ral navigation  companies,  without  resorting  to  other 
loans— i?ut  should  such  a  resort  become  necessary, 
it  will  surely  be  wise  to  make  it,  that  the  work  of 
internal  improvements  may  progress  and  every  ob- 
stacle to  the  wealth  and  prosperity  of  the  state  be 
surmounted. 

Your  committee  can  see  no  reason  \vhy  this  great 
work  shovdd  be  any  longer  delayed:  it  is  a  duty 
which  the  members  of  the  legislature  owe  to  the 
state,  to  themselves,  their  children,  and  to  future 
generations,  to  delay  it  no  longer.  Upon  this  sub- 
ject let  party  spirit  be  hushed  into  silence;  and 
\uuting  together  in  one  feeling  for  North  Carohna, 
let  us  "all  aspire  to  the  honor  of  laying  the  founda- 
tions of  her  glory  and  !ier  prosperity.  Your  com- 
miltee  therefore  recommend  to  the  two  Houses  the 
adoption  of  the  following  resolution.         ._    ,     , 

"Resolved  That  it  is  expedient  to  provide  by  law 
for  carrying  into  effect  the  plan  proposed  in  this  re- 
port,  foV  improving  the  Internal  Navigation  of  the 
State  " 

KesnectfuUy  submitted, 

\.  D.  MURPHEY,  Chairman. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— RAI9  HAMMIDA. 


169 


FROM    THE    ASALECTIC    MAGAZINE. 

Account  of  Rais  Hammida, 

THE    lATE    ALGERKVE    ADMIRAL. 

Conimnnicated  principallif  by  an  ^ftinericait  Sfentlemnn, 
■zvlio  resided  ^••:vernl  years  at  Algiers,  and  was  well 
urquainted  -with  Kais  Hammida. 
Kais  Hammiiia,  Uie  admiral  of  Algiers,  wlio  f 'II 
j^alliiitly  (lef^^iiding  his  ship,  in  the  late  action  witl» 
commodore  Decatur,  was  an  Arab,  or  one  of  ttie 
tribes,  or  kabyles,  of  Berrebbers,  who  inhabit  tiie 
monn tains  of  Atlas,  north  of  the  city  of  Morocco. 
They  live  principally  in  tents,  are  hardy,  nervous,  ro- 
bust, and  c:ipafale  of  great  abstinence  and  fatigue. 
Their  langufige  is  said  to  differ  entirely  from  tiie 
Arabic,  which  is  the  gener:il  dialect  of  Africa,  and 
is  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  ancient  C.irthage- 
nian.  Mr.  Jimes  Grey  Jackson,  who  travelled 
among  the  Berrebber  kabyles  of  Jiit  Imure,  and  Ze- 
vinre  S/isllnh,  says  that  he  noticed    among   them    a 


ye»r  1801  took  a  Portuguese  frigate  of  equal  or  su- 
perior force  to  his  own,  which  had  been  fitted  out 
expressly  to  cruise  against  the  Algerines.  The  For- 
Uiguese  was  boarded  and  carried  without  the  loss  of 
a  single  mnn  on  the  part  of  the  infidels,  while  that 
of  tlie  Portuguese  was  upwards  of  seventy  killed 
and  wounded.  People  easily  .find  excuses  for  being 
beaten,  as  we  know  by  late  experience,  and  the  Por- 
tuguese alledged  that  they  were  taken  by  surprise, 
though  tiie  affair  htppened  about  noonday.  It  is 
certain  that  the  Portuguese  had  been  the  day  before 
in  company  with  an  American  frigate  bound  to  Tri- 
poli, and  supposing  the  Algerine  to  be  the  same, 
mnde  no  preparation  for  defence  until  it  was  too  late. 
Whether  taken  by  surprize  or  not,  is,  however,  of 
little  consequence  in  lessening  the  glory  of  Rais  Ham- 
mida, or  the  disgrace  of  his  enemies.  To  betaken 
by  surprise,  at  such  a  time  and  in  such  a  situation, 
is  almost  as  disgraceful  as  to  be  guilty  of  cowar- 
dice, and  the  boldness  of  the  attempt  is  not  dimin- 
ished on  the  pjrt  of  R  us   by   these  circumstances. 


great  many  phisiognomies  that  were  truly  Roman,      because  he  could  not  iiave  anticipated  the  neg^ligence 
Tiie  ustinl  occupation  of  these  people  is  husban-i  of  his  enemy.     The  capture  of  this  vessel  affords  no 
dry,  and  they  make  vast  quantities  of  lioney  and  v.'a^, ;  ground  of  triumph  to  a  bnive  man,  however  we  may 
wliich   they    dispose    of  in    the  eommercial  towns. |  consider  it  ;  for  both  ihe  Spanisli  and  Poriui'iiese  na 


Being  active,  hardy,  acute  and  enterprising,  the 
young  men  oi'ten  cf)nie  down  to  tlie  ciiies  to  seek 
their  fortunes,  wliere  tlie  pride  and  indolence  of  the 
Moors  secure  them  employment.  In  tiiis  pursuit 
Rais  Hammida  came  to  Algiers  when  quite  a  boy, 
and  either  ciiolce  or  accident  threw  him  'on  board 
an  Algerine  cruiser,  in  wliicii  lis  made  his  first  es 
say  on  the  element  wiiose  dangers  and  hardships 
seem  to  give  a  hardiliood  and  fearlessness  to  the  hu- 
man mind,  that  tire  not  generated  in  any  other 
sphere  of  life. — Tiie  particulars  of  his  early  career, 
and  the  gradual  developenient  of  his  character  and  ta- 
'  lents,  are  not  known  to  us,  for  in  Algiers  tliey  have  nei- 
liier  newsp;  peis  nor  ciironicles  to  acquaint  the  people 
with  passing  events,  and  preserve  the  memory  of  gal 
-lant  actions.     The  fashionable  doctrine  of  the  east. 


val  establishments  have,  for  a  long  time,  been  on  shs 
worst  possible  footing.  Their  outfits  are  altogether 
deficient,  their  officers  generally  without  experience, 
as  happened  to  be  ihe  case  in  the  instance  we  have 
just  mentioned,  v/here  the  captain  of  the  frigate,  aa 
we  have  been  assured  by  a  Portuguese  gentleman, 
was  tiien  for  the  second  time  in  ids  life  at  sea,  and 
tlie  men  for  the  most  part  entirely  destitute  of  a 
knowledge  of  even  the  rudiments  of  the  profession. 
The  impressments  of  these  two  nations  are  not 
like  those  of  Eagld.nd,  confiur-d  to  seamen,  but  ex- 
tended to  every  vagabond  of  tl  i  ^tre«ts,  who  is  hur- 
ried on  board  and  c <rried  to  set,  uttei-ly  destitute  of 
ever)'  habit  and  quilification  of  a  sailor.  It  is  a  fact 
well  knov/n  at  Cadiz,  and  supported  by  the  testimo- 
ny of  half  the  city,  that  at   tlie  battle  of  Trafalgar, 


is,  that  those  who  can  read  will  find   the   elements  a  great  portion  of  tiie  Spanish    bailors,  as  they   arc 


of  all  human  knowledge  in  the  Koran,  and  the  klia- 
lif  Omar  gave  a  practical  illustration  of  this  great 
precept,  wlien  he  set  on  fire  the  Alexandrian  libra- 
ry. Anotlier  fashionable  axiom  is,  that  the  people 
ought  to  know  nothing  of  the  administration  of  ilie 
government,  except  tlirough  the  medium  of  the  sin- 
gle sense  of  feeling,  by  which  they  are  iror.i  time  to 
time  reminded  that  they  have  a  master.  Of  this 
■master  they  are  exceedingly  fond,  and  it  is  incon- 
ceivable with  what  contempt  tiiey  treat  people  who 
liave  no  bashaw,  or  hey,  to  tickel  them  now  ;tnd  tlien 
with  the  bowstring,  or  fine  them  for  being  ricli,  wiieii 
they  have  no  business  to  be  so.  They  resemijle  those 
horses,  who  are  said  to  be  proud  of  their  riders,  and 
value  themselves,  not  on  their  own  strength,  beauty, 
or  swiftness,  but  solely  on  account  of  the  dignity 
they  carry  on  their  backs.  Men  indeed  must  have 
something  to  be  promlof,  and  thesourcesof  that  gra- 
tification are  so  various  and  wlumsical,  that  we  some- 
times see  nations  valuing  themselves  on  the  glury  of 


ctlled,  were  sea  sick.  It  is  evident,  therefort,  that 
victories  over  such  enemies  are  no  ground  for  ex- 
traordinary exultation  ;  and  we  should  not  have 
thonglit  of  giving  Rais  Hummida  credit  for  this  af*- 
fair,  if  greater  tlian  he  had  not  assumed  such  trir 
um!)hs  as  a  foundation  for  the  most  arrogant  pre* 
sumption.-  Among  the  Lilliputians,  Gulliver  was  a 
giant ;  among  tlie  natives  of  Brobdigni<g,  he  was  Bk 
dwarf.  Such  is  the  way  of  tiie  world  :  the  same 
man  m.^y  be  a  giant,  among  dwarfs,  and  a  dwarf 
among  the  giants,  and  be  lelitively  great  or  small 
according  to  the  size  of  his  rivals  or  associates. 

In  the  year  1810,  we  find  Uais  Hammida  admi- 
ral of  Algiers  ;  DUi  how  iie  got  to  be  so,  histoiy 
does  not  tell.  In  this  situation,  however,  he  ag^iu 
signalized  his  boldness  in  the  presence  of  his  old 
enemy  the  Portuguese.  In  tlie  summer  of  that  year, 
he  Weill  into  tlie  Athntic  with  three  frigates,  and 
cruised  for  some  time  off"  the  rock  of  Lisbon,  where 
le  took  several  valuable  prizes.     The    Portuguese, 


a  tyrant,  whose  reputation  is  acquired  at  the  price  of  ]  who  always  kept  a  force  in  the  bay  of  Gibr.dlar,  de- 
tlicir  own  blood,  and  pointing  tlie    attention   of  tlie  jtermined  to  intercept  him  on  his  return  through  the 


stranger  to  the  splendors  of  a  couri.the  luxuries  of 
whicii  «re  bouglit  with  their  daily  bread,  and  daily 


toils.     Two  poor  sl.ives  were  once  disputing  about  [p.issed  the  biy  of  Gibraltar   under  e.ssy  sail,  and 
the  dignity  of  their  masters,  aid  the  preference  was  when  thev  saw  liie  Portuguese  ships  coming   out. 


s.rajis,  and  on  his  approach,  put  to  sea  with  a  ship 
of  the  line  and  three  heavy  Irigates.     The  Algerines 


at  last  accorded  to  the    master  who  whipped   the 
most  often,  and  was  of  course  the  greatest  man. 

Tlie  Arabitin  boy,Rais  Hammida.was  perhaps  about 
Seventeen  when' he  made  his  first  cruize,  and  soon  be- 
came distinguished  among  the  la.-'.v  Algerines,  for 
his  talents  and  enterprising  spirit.  By  rapid  steps 
he  attune  1  ro  the  command  of  a  frigate;,  and  in  thi^ 


dVPFL.EMeJMT  TO  VeL.  IX. 


Sod  W 


hove  toofl"Europa  Point,  with  a  vitw  to  offer  them 
battle.  One  of  the  Portuguese  ships,  commanded 
by  an  Englishman  of  the  name  of  Thompson,  bore 
down  on  the  Algerines,  and  gave  them  a  broadside, 
but  was  immediately  called  off"  by  signal  fiom  th« 
admiral.  The  two  squadrons  l:jy  some  time  looking 
<t  each  other,  and.  the  Portuguese  finally  raiBOSW 


170 


&UPPL 


biMENT  TO  NiLEo'  REGISTER— MARINER'S  WAGES. 


into  GibraUr.r,  while  the  Algerlnes  quitUy  passed 
up  the  Mediterrane.iii,  where  tliey  cruised  some  time 
v'lilioiit  molesUlion  before  they  returned  to  Algiei's. 
Wiien  t!;e  cng;igement  between  the  too  squadrons 
was  supposed  to  be  about  to  take  place,  tlie  inhabi- 
t^nits  and  garrison  of  Gibraltar,  flocked  to  Europa 
Toint  in  expectation  of  the  event,  and  while  tiiey 
admired  the  boldness  of  llais  Hammida,  in  offering 
biitile  to  a  force  so  superior,  expressed  their  dis- 
gust at  the  conduct  of  tlvt;  Portuguese  admiral.  He 
was  afterwards  tried  at  Lisbon  and  it  is  understood 
was  acquitted  with  high  compliments  to  his  exem- 
plary gallantry  in  looking  at  a  superior  enemy. 

In  the  war  between  Algiers  and  Tunis,  which  still 
continues,  llais  Ilamniida  distinguished  himself  as 
usual  by  his  boldness  and  activity.  He  scoured  the 
coasts  of  the  enemy,  blockaded  his  ports,  and  occasi- 
only  made  descents  and  attacked  the  smaller  towns, 
by  which  means  he  became  the  terror  of  the  Tuni- 
sians. In  1811  he  fell  in  with  and  captured  the 
'I'unislan  admiral  in  a  frigate  of  thirty-two  guns, 
after  a  sharp  action. — Rais  Haminida,  however,  did 
not  claim  awy  credit  f<)r  this  victory  ;  becaisse  the 
Tunisian  fleet  deserted  its  «dmiral  on  the  approach 
of  the  Algerines ;  and  allhougli  Rais  forbade  tiie 
other  vessels  of  his  squadron  to  come  near  while  he 
engaged  alone,  yet,  as  his  ship  was  superior  \.o  her 
opponent,  and  he  considered  the  presence  of  the 
other  ships  as  calculated  to  discourage  resistance, 
he  never  plumed  himself  on  this  affair. — W?  cannot 
help  wishing  that  other  nations  would  take  example 
from  this  mountain  Arab,  and  refram  from  the  disen- 
genuous  artifice  of  ascribing  victories  to  a  single 
ship  that  were  gained  by  a  stjuadron. 

But  the  character  which  'lais  Hammida  had  esia- 
blished  by  long  service,  and  so  many  bold  and  suc- 
cessful enterprizes,  could  never  raise  him  to  a  level 
with  the  most  insignificant  Turk,  in  tlie  estimation 
of  his  legitimate  government.  His  talents  forced 
him  into  the  confidence  of  the  dey,  and  caused  him 
to  be  selected  for  thf^  conduct  of  every  naval  enter- 
prise ;  but  he  was  frequently  subjected  to  tlie  inosl 
mortifying  insults  and  indignities,  even  from  the 
lowest  of  the  Turkish  soldiers.  "  One  instance  of 
this,"  says  the  gentleman  wiio  furnished  us  with  the 
greater  part  of  this  article,  "  came  to  ray  knowiege. 
T!ie  country  seat,  or  garden  as  it  is  called  in  Al- 
giers, of  Rais  Hunmida,  joined  tiiat  which  I  occu- 
pied. The  ground  between  our  houses  was  much 
broken  and  over-run  with  brush-wood.  Some  car- 
biles  (laborers)  in  the  employment  oi  Il.iis  H:immi- 
da,  cnme  one  day  on  that  piirt  of  tlic  groiiinl  which 
bei'>riged  to  my  gjirdeii,  ;;iul  cut  some  of  tlie  brusli- 
ivood  to  buin  a  lime-kiln  for  him.  They  were  seen 
by  the  janizary,  or  Tmklsh  soldier,  who  hud  the  care 
of  tlie  garden,  who  obliged  them  to  bring  all  the 
brusij  they  had  cut  into  my  enclosure,  and  then  dis- 
missed each  with  a  severe  bastinado.  This  was  in 
\\ie  winter  season  when  I  resided  in  town  ;  but  my 
janizary  soon  informed  me  of  what  he  had  done,  for 
».vhich  I  reprimanded  him  severely,  as  the  ground 
WHS  useless,  and  what  they  had  taken  was  useless  to 
mv.  He  justified  himself  on  plea  of  their  not  hav- 
ing first  obtained  permission  to  cut  the  wood.  A 
few  days  alter  I  met  Kais  Hnmmida,  who  complain- 
ed very  bitterly  to  me  of  the  conduct  of  my  janiza- 
ry.— I  told  him  I  disapproved  of  the  act,  and  had 
reprimanded  him  very  severely  for  what  lie  had  done. 
But,  said  I,  Rais  Hammida,  why  do  you  not  take  .SV- 
'//  .'llli  to  task  for  this  act  ?  You  have  my  full  per- 
mission to  do  so  as  far  as  it  depends  on  me.  Ah  ! 
scinor  consul,  replied  lie,  don't  you  know  Sidi  JilU, 
JiUliough  a  poor  soldier,  and  far  inferior  to  me  in 
■every  other  respect,  is  a  Turk,   and  that  here   on 


shore  I  dare  not  reprimand  him,  though  I  feel  my- 
self, and  am  known  to  be  so  much  his  superior.  / 
IMS  not  l>orn  in  the  dominions  of  the  grand  seignior." 

Such  is  the  nature  of  despotism  every  where.  Its 
imbecility  forces  it  to  employ  the  talents  of  men  of 
inferior  i  aiik,  whose  genius  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  the  support  of  the  miserable  pagea..t  who  occu- 
pies the  throne,  and  who,  while  availing  himself  of 
their  exertions,  still  takes  care  to  let  them  know, 
that  he  considers  the  accidental  distinction  of  birth 
as  far  superior  to  those  endowments  which  are  em- 
phatically the  gift  of  the  Creator. 

After  being  long  the  terror  of  the  Mediterranean, 
Rais  Hammida,  at  last,  had  the  ill  luck  to  fall  in 
with  tlie  American  squadron  under  commodore  De- 
catur. Finding  it  impossible  to  esc  ;pe,  he  deter- 
mined to  defend  his  ship  in  such  a  m.anner  as  to  jus- 
tify the  reputation  he  had  acquired.  His  ship  was 
taken  ;  but  Rais  Hammida  was  killed  before  she  sur- 
rendered, and  it  is  said  died  as  he  had  lived,  without 
ever  having  struck  his  flag  to  an  enemy.  In  his  per- 
son he  was  of  a  middle  siiie,  well  formed  and  active,' 
with  an  intelligent  countenance,  and  keen  expressive 
eye.  His  manners  were  easy  and  agreeable,  and  his 
disposition  partook  much  of  that  of  a  sailor  all  over 
the  world.  In  his  v.irious  cruises  he  acquired  very 
considerable  wealth,  but  seemed  to  have  little  re- 
gard for  money,  which  he  spent  in  the  luxurious  in- 
dulgencies  of  the  most  dissipnted  Mahometans.  Al- 
though a  bold  and  successful  freebooter,  according 
to  the  modes  of  thinking  among  civilized  nations, 
he  never  was  accused  of  committing  a  cruel  and  un- 
generouii  action,  but  was  liberal  and  courteous  to 
his  prisoners,  so  fir  as  accorded  witli  tlie  customs  of 
the  country  which  he  had  adopted.  From  all  that  is 
known  of  Rais  Hammida,  it  seems  extremely  proba- 
ble, that  had  his  talents  been  properly  cultivated,  and 
his  services  engaged  by  a  government  that  knew  how 
to  appreciate  them,  he  would  have  acquired  an  ex- 
tensive fame,  and  risen  to  the  highest  honors  of  his 
profession.  Still,  under  such  disadvantage  of  situ- 
ation he  did  arise  to  great  distinction,  in  the  sea 
whicli  was  the  theatre  of  his  exploits,  and  will  pro- 
bably long  be  remembered  by  the  nations  border- 
ing on  the  Mediterranean. 


Mariner's  Wages. 

Of  the  eflTect  of  capture  and  detention  upon  the 
contract  between  masters  and  seamen,  whether  the 
latter  are  bound  lo  wait  a  first  adjudication. — The  sea- 
men's wages  are  lost  Mdien  the  voyage  is  defeated 
and  no  freight  earned.  The  teamen  having  been 
employed  by  the  master  to  refit  the  vessel  in  a  fo- 
r--i^n  port  were  allowed  a  part  of  their  wages  for  the 
time  tliey  were  so  employed,  although  the  voyage 
was  lost.  The  seamen  having  been  discharged  in  a 
foreign  port  and  the  two  months  wages,  directed  in 
jtbat  case,  to  be  paid  to  the  consul,  for  their  use, 
I  not  having  been  paid,  a  libel  was  sustained  for  the 
same. 

JjHited  States'  Circuit  Court — First  Circuit. 
©ctober  Term,  1814. 
Thb  Saratoga — Keating,  claimant. 
The  libellants  shipped,  as  ma"iiiers,  on  board  the 
ship  Saratoga,  on  a  voyage  froir.   lioston  for  Amelia 
Island,  at  and  from  the':ce  to  por'   or  ports  in    Eu- 
rope, and  at  and  from   theuce  to  h'^r   port   of  dis- 
charge in  the  United   States.     The  ship  sailed  from 
Ii,)ston  in  October,  IKll,  for  St.  Mary's,  wherri  she 
look  in  a  cargo,  and  from  thence  proceeded  to  Poris- 
mouth  in  England,  where  her  cargo  was  dischiirged. 
The  agents  of  the  owners  having  engaged  a   cargo 
Oil  freight,  at  Londonderry  in  Ireland,  for  the  Uni- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— MARINERS  WAGES.       [I^l 


Ksi  States,  the  ship  sailed  in  ballist  for  that  port  on 
the  23d  of  April,  1812,  and  on  the  26Lh  of  the  s^me 
month,  was  captured  by  the  French  privateer  Espa- 
don,  and  carried  into  RoscoflTin  France  for  adjudica- 
tion. Prize  proceedings  were  here  instituted  against 
the  ship,  and  her  hatches  sealed,  an  i  all  the  crew, 
excf.'pt  the  mates,  who  were  permitted  to  remain  on 
board,  were  sent  to  Morlaix,  as  prisoners.  In  Au 
gust,  1812,  the  capt  lin  came  down  from  Morlaix 
with  .ill  tne  oraw,  excepting  three,  and  by  permis- 
sion they  were  there  employed  fifteen  days  in  tar- 
ring the  rigging,  and  other  ship's  duty,  and  at  the 
end  of  that  time  the  crew  returned  to  ilorlaix.  The 
ship  Wds  restored  to  the  captain  by  order  of  tlie 
court,  and  taken  possession  of  by  him,  on  or  about 
the  first  of  January,  1813.  On  the  4th  of  the  same 
month,  the  crew  came  on  board  and  went  to  work, 
graving  and  painting  the  sliip  ;  and  on  the  Tih  of 
the  ensuing  February,  the  ship  sailed  for  Morlaix, 
and  arrived  in  the  roads  tliere  on  the  same  day  ;  but 
did  not  g'et  up  to  the  town  until  the  first  of  March 
foUow;ag.  T!)e  crew  remained  and  slept  on  board 
until  about  the  rnirldle  of  July,  in  the  same  year, 
doing  duty  as  requit-ed  by  the  officers,  and  then  left 
the  ship,  with  <1ie  consent  of  the  captain  and  the  Ame- 
rican consul,  and  sailed  in  a  cartel  for  the  United 
States.  During  the  time  of  detention  under  the 
prize  proceeding"?,  the  crew  were  principally  main- 
tained by  the  French  government;  and  the  expense, 
at  the  restitution,  was  made  a  charge  on  the  sliip. 
The  crew  frequewtly  during  then*  residence  in 
France,  applied  to  the  captain  for  their  wages  and 
discharge.  The  captain  as  often  told  them,  that 
they  might  go  where  they  pleased,  but  he  had  no 
money  to  pay  them  their  wfiges,  and  they  mif^ht,  if 
they  pleased,  arrest  the  ship,  and  he  would  not  op- 
pose them.  But  they  did  not  choose  to  leave  tlie 
ship  without  payment  of  their  wages,  and  the  cap- 
tain, from  time  to  time,  permitted  them  to  s^o  on 
shore  and  work,  whenever  they  could  get  employ- 
ment. He  seemed  however  to  have  exercised  his 
control  over  them,  and  declared,  that  if  they  work- 
ed on  board  of  the  cartel,  before  their  discharge, 
their  wages  would  be  forfeited. 

After  the  discharge  of  the  crew,  the  Saratoga 
was  finally  made  a  cartel,  to  carry  prisoners  to  Eng- 
land at  a  stipulated  price ;  and  from  England  she 
came  with  prisoners  to  the  United  St  ites,  where 
she  arrived  on  or  about  the  second  of  September, 
1813.  For  this  last  voyage  no  compensation  had  as 
yet  been  received. 

The  libellants  had  been  paid  their  full  wages  up 
to  the  time  of  the  ship's  departure  from  Forti?mouih; 
and  now  claimed  wages  from  that  time  to  the  tiaie 
of  their  discharge  in  France  :  and,  m  addition,  the 
two  months  pay  provided  by  statute  of  the  23t!i 
of  February,  1803,  ch.  62,  sect.  3,  in  cases  of  the  dis- 
charge of  seamen  in  foreign  ports. 

STORY,  J.  (after  reciting  the  facts.)  The  ques- 
tion for  tlie  consideration  of  the  court  is,  whether 
the  libellants  are  entitled,  under  all  the  circumstan- 
ces of  the  Case,  to  any  wages  beyond  what  they  have 
already  received  ;  and  if  so  entitled,  for  wiiat  period 
wages  are  to  be  allowed. 

It  is  argued,  on  behalf  of  t!ie  respondents,  that 
the  libellants  iiave  no  further  claim  for  wages,  no 
freight  having  been  earned,  and  the  voyage  having 


voyage,  tlie  owners  Jose  their  fieiglit,  the  seamen  al- 
so lose  their  wages.  [1]  The  reason  or  jxdicy  of 
the  rule  is  alleged,  in  1  Sederfin  179,  to  be,  titat  if 
in  case  of  the  loss  of  the  ship  by  tempest,  enemies, 
&c.  the  mariners  were  to  receive  their  wages,  they 
v/ould  nol  hazard  their  lives  for  the  safety  of  thcj 
ship.  The  rule  itself  also  is  not  without  exceptions  ; 
if  the  voyage  or  freight  be  lost  by  the  negligence, 
fraud  or  misconduct  of  the  ov/ner  or  master,  or  vo- 
luntarily abandoned  by  them  ;  if  the  owner  have  con- 
tracted for  freight  upon  terms  or  contingencies  difl'er- 
ing  from  the  general  rules  of  maritime  liw;  or  if  be 
have  chartered  his  sliip  to  take  a  freiglit  ut  a  fo;elgn 
port,  and  »one  is  to  be  earned  on  the  outward  voy- 
age ;  in  all  tliese  cases  the  mariners  are  entitled  t'» 
wages,  notwithstanding  no  freight  has  acciued.  [2j 
Reisonible,  however,  as  the  rule  may  seem  to  be, 
under  these  limitations,  to  those  wiio  are  convers:.nt 
with  the  maritime  law  of  England,  it  does  not  seem 
to  have  obtained  the  universal  sanction  of  the  com- 
mercial world,  though  it  has  the  weight  of  the  au- 
thority of  Bynkershoek  [3]  to  support  it.  lloccus 
[4]  holds,  that  wages  are  due,  notwithstanding  the 
voyage  is  not  performed,  if  it  hapoen  from  any  for- 
tuitous occurrence,  and  the  mariner  is  nut  in  fault. 
Cleirac  seems  silently  to  adopt  the  regulations  of 
the  ordinance  of  Philip  2d,  as  reasonable,  [5]  .and 
Poihier  considers  that  maritime  contracts,  subject 
to  few  exceptions  connected  witii  the  French  ordi- 
nances, are  governed  by  the  stme  principles  .ns  other 
contracts  of  hire,  and  cons  quently  that  if,  after  its 
commencement,  a  voyage  b-i  defea'^d  by  accident, 
or  superior  force,  the  m  iriness  are  entitled  pro  rata 
for  tlieir  term  of  service,  [6] 

It  has  been  argued,  that  i.he  cipture  put  an  end  to 
the  contract  for  wages,  and,  therefore,  that  no  servi- 
ces, performed  aftervi'ards,  can  entitle  the  libellants 
to  recover  wages  upon  the  footing  of  that  contract. 
Admitting  tint  capture,  followed  up  by  condemna- 
tion, would  extinguish  such  contract,  still  sucli  ef- 
fect c.innot  be  attributed  to  a  capture,  where  there 
has  been  a  recapture  or  restitution.  And  notwllli- 
standing  some  contrariety  of  opinion,  it  m:iy  be 
safely  ufTirmed,  that  such  capture  operates,  at  most, 
but  tosusp-nd  the  contract,  and  tliiit,  by  restitullori 
or  re-capture,  the  parties  are  remitted  to  their  for- 
mer rignts  in  the  same  manner,  as  if  no  such  inter- 
ruption had  occurreJ.  [7] 

it  has  been  furlhe'-  -ugued,  that  by  the  capture 
the  relation  between  the  owners  und  mariners  ceas- 
es ;  so  th.'.t  the  latter  are  not  bound  to  remain  by  the 
ship,  but  are  at  liberty,  without  the  inipntatiou  oi' 
desertion,  to  abandon  the  voyage.  Wilh.out  deci- 
ding, whether  tiie  rnle  assum^;d  in  some  of  our  own 
courts  b™  not  more  reasonable,  tlut  the  mariners  are 
bound  to  remain  by  the  ship  until  a  fii^t  adjucafioii, 
[8]  it  is  ckar,  th  it  the  mariner  is  no*  bound  lc   lii-ave 


\^l]  .ibbol  (lU  sh'pliuig-  \>.  iv.  ch.  3.§1.  Hnyt  ■vs. 
lVilMre,\3  John]l  518.  JDunnett  vs.  TomhageUyo 
John  11.  154. 

[2]  Jhi^l  vs.  Tni(!fre,o  John  R.  518.  Tiind:nan  vs. 
Sha-.v,  P'f'en'  R.  261-  Sr/^  Crjnthm,  Peters  R.  2'J3. 
Peters  \l.  186.  note.  Abbot,  p.  iv.  cl<.  2,  ^  5.  Jlult/ue, 
105.  .lf<;//o^/,  book  2,  c/j.  3,  ^  7.  .^Io>-anis.  Bandiu, 
Peters  U.  415.  lioccus  dc  J\'av.  n.  43. 

[3]  2  P.  J  =h.  13. 

[4]  Be  .Xav.  n.  43. 


been,  by  the  capture  and  subsequent  declaration  of      [5]  Cl'-lrac  .rHdge,dc  Olesov,  \vt.  19,  §  3 

war  between  Great  Britain  and  tl-.e   United  States,       16]  Pciluer  L-ui^--;  dc-s  Jt>Uel<>!--;,_l7'-J,  &c.  19S 

completely  broken  up  ;jiid  defeated. 

The  general  rul>;  is  often  asserted,  that  to  entitle 
tlie  seameii  to  wages,  freiglit  sliotild  be  earned  on 
tlie  specific  voyage  for  whicii  tiiey  engage  ;  and  that 
if,  by  any  dls.aster  happening   in  the  course  of  tlie 


203.     See  also   .7'»,^ai,  p.  iv.  ch.  2,  ^^6. 

r7]  Uealc  vs.  Ti'inn'json — 3  East  It.  54C — Brookt 
r7.  iJow,  2  Mass  A'.  39. 

[81  Bnn-  FAizttbelh,  Peters  li.  I2'd~a!ul  sec  Umon 
vs.  iVa'.ker,  U  J)Iasi.  li.  404. 


172 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  MLES'  REGIS'TOR— MARINER'S  WAGES. 


Tiie  ship 


He  has  a  right  to  remain  by  lutr,  and  wait  imaniime  laws  of  other  countries.  Roccus  [14]  dei, 
the  evf  III.  If  restored,  he  IS  entitled  to  his  wages  if  Clares,  that  if  the  ship  h,.s  begun  her  voyage,  and 
the  ship  pixicetd  and  t^arn  a  f'rfii,'Iii  ;  it  condemned,  from  accident    is    prevented    from   completing   i'^, 


lie  may  lose  his  vvages,  though  perhap«,  under  cir- 
Giimstanccs,  with  a  recompense  for  his  actual  ser- 
vices, pending  ihe  prize  proceednigs.  And  this  doc- 
trine seems  founded  m  ihe  interests  of  all  parties. 
It  would,  indeed,  be  higidy  injurious  to  commerce, 
to  establish  that  in  every  CMse  of  capture,  upon 
whatever  pn-tence,  or  however  unfounded,  the  ma- 
jiners  were  obliged  immediately,  without  wailing 
the  event,  to  quit  the  ship  in  a  foreign  port.  It 
w.)uld  often  expose  the  owner  to  a  loss  of  the  voy- 
Sige,  from  the  difficuliy  of  obtaining  a  new  crew,  or 
lo  extraordinary  expense  in  securing  his  property. 
On  (lie  other  hand,  the  mariners  would  be  no  less 
exposed  lo  inconvenience.  They  miglit  be  turned 
ashore  wiiiiout  money  or  credit,  iw  a  foreign  couniry, 
yg  iinst  the  manif.-st  policy  of  our  laws.  It  would 
seem  fit,  therefore,  to  hold,  tliat  a  contract  entered 
into  by  mutual  consent,  should  not  be  dissolved  un- 
less by  that  cons^-nt,  until  such  proceedings  were 
had,  as  left  no  ordinary  hope  of  recovery  in  the  ori- 
ginal tribunal  of  prize. 

Upon  the  principles,  then,  which  have  been  sta- 
ted, the  capture  did  not  dissolve  the  contract  for 
wages  ;  at  most,  ii  was  but  su*ipended  during  the 
prixe  proceedings,  the  event  of  which  the  parties 
1)  »(1  a  riglit  to  await,  and  by  the  subsequent  restora- 
tion o/thcsliip,  the  contract  revived  in  its  full  force, 
and  remitted  the  parties  to  their  former  character 
»>'<l  ri|^lils.  If  the  sliip  had  then  been  in  a  condi- 
tion to  perform  her  voyoge,  snd  iiad  actually  per- 
formed it,  there  can  be  no  doubt,  that  tiiey  would 
have  been  entitled  to  thfeir  full  wage^  during  the 
Vviiole  time  of  service.  [9] 

But,  at  the  time  of  the  restoration  of  the  ship, 
vv'ar  existed  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
Stiles;  sindtlie  farther  prosecution  of  the  voyage 
was  not  only  impracticable,  hut  higiily  criminal  in 
holh  parlies.  The  legal  efi'ect,  tiierefore,  of  such 
an  interdiction  of  commerce  was  to  absolve  both 
parties  from  any  further  performance  of  the  con- 
tract. [10]  Tlie  question  then  arises,  whether  a  loss 
of  tjie  voyige,  in  consequence  of  an  interdiction  of 
commerce  after  its  commencement,  depriv.-s  the 
owner  of  his  freiglit,  or  the  marmers  ot"  their 
wages. 

It  seems  lo  be  a  doctrine  of  our  law,  tliat  if  a 
Voyage  be  brok-n  up  by  an  iilterdiction  of  commerce 
with  the  port  of  destination  after  its  commencen^ent, 
no  freigiu.  is  piyable.  Ami  the  same  rule  is  ^.jjplied 
to  c  ses  Wiu-re  tlif  voyage  is  lost  by  accident  oi' sn- 
jx-rior  force.  [II]  In  short  the  principle  sf-ems  to 
be  that  there  nnslbean  actual  delivery  of  the  c.ir- 
go  at  the  port  ot  destination,  to  entiile  the  party  to 
his  full  freight.  [12]  If,  indeed,  tiiere  be  a  volunta- 
ry ijccejiti^nce  of  the  cargo  at  an  uuprmediate  port, 
:uul  a  di.opensation  of  farther  proceeding,  then  a  pro 
rata  freight  is  due.  [13] 

In  thise  r.-sD^'cNou    laws  appeartodlfl'';r  'rom  the 

[9]  Iteule  vs.   Thompson — 4  Eaut  R.  546. 

[10]  .ibbott  p  III  ch.  11— §3  Scoti  vs.  Libby  2 
Joku  R.  336— 7'Ae  Intela—6  Rob   177 

[11]  Onffoodvg   Groitinff,-2  Camp  R.  466, 
r».  Lo/ies,  10    East  526. — Sco/t  vs.  JAbbet/ 


freight  is  payable  for  the  part  of  tlie  voyage  actu- 
ally performed.  This  also  is  the  opinion  of  fitruc' 
sba  [15]  and  seems,  with  some  distinctions  to  be 
adopted  in  t!ie  maritime  regulations  ot  France.  [1(^ 
Indeed  in  the  case  of  an  interdiction  of  commerce 
after  the  voyage  is  begun,  the  full  ireight  of  the  out- 
ward voynge  is  allowed.  [17] 

If  we  p.iss  fro  i>  the  consideration  of  freight  to 
ihal  of  w.iges,  we  shall  find,  as  I  have  already  sta- 
ted, that  foreign  writers  do  not  consider  that  wages 
are  wholly  lost,  but  recoverable  proruto  itineiis, 
where  the  voyage  has  been  in  part  perldrmed,  and 
its  further  accomplishment  has  been  prevented  by 
inevitable  casualty  or  superior  force. 

As  to  an  interdiction  of  commerce  with  the  port 
of  destination,  occurring  in  the  vo}  age,  Cleirac,  [18J 
adopts  witli  appirent  approbation,  as  conformable 
to  the  civil  law,  the  regulation  of  l^luhp  2d,  that 
the  mariners  sh«ll,  in  such  case,  receive  a  quarter 
part  of  the  wages  agreed  upon  for  the  whole  voy- 
age. [19].  The  French  ordinance  [20]  declares, 
iliat,  in  the  like  case,  the  mariners  shall  be  paid  in 
proportion  to  the  time  they  have  been  in  service,  and 
this  J^othier  s.ays,  is  conformable  with  tiie  general 
rules  of  the  contract  of  hire.  [21] 

No  case  has  been  cited,  in  which  this  point  has 
been  settled  in  our  own  courts  ;  and,  as  far  as  1  have 
been  able  to  ascertain,  after  a  pretty  diligi  .t  search, 
it  yet  remains  for  a  decision  in  our  maritime  law,  but 
if  the  doctrines,  already  settled  in  relation  to  treight 
are  to  apply,  and  it  seems  impossible  to  distinguish 
tliem,  the  interdiction  of  commerce  must  be  deem- 
ed to  dissolve  the  contract,  and  leave  the  mariner 
without  any  title  to  wages  pro  rata  itineris  peructi. 
Indeed  the  moment  it  is  heKl,  that  where  freight,  by 
the  general  law  is  not  earned,  wages  are  not  due, 
the  case  falls  directly  within  the  aiilhorities,  which 
have  been  already  examined. 

My  opinion  as  to  this  point,  therefore,  is,  that  war 
exisiing  at  tiie  time  of  the  restoration  of  tlie  ship, 
and  the  f'aUher  prosecution  of  the  voysige  being  illq- 
g.d,  the  origmd  contract  was  con.plctely  dissolved, 
.mj  up  to  that  time  no  further  wages  were  due.  If 
ihe  case  had  rested  here,  the  claim  for  w.iges  must 
iiavc  been  repuduUed. 

liitt  tiie  mariners,  with  the  con.'^ent  of  the  master, 
coineon  board,  and  did  duly  from  the  time  of  the 
i-fstoration  of  the  shi|i,  until  their  final  discharge. 
t'  was  clearly  competent  for  tbe  master  to  hiie  and 
employ  a  crew  for  tiie  preserv.ition  and  equipment 
o  111'-  ship,  and  the  services  so  perlbrme*!,  cannot  by 
any  resonablc  const  ruction,  be  refenrd  back  to  h 
contract  wiiich  tiien  had  no  legal  existence.  Tiie  li 
iiellant"  then  must  be  deemed  lo  liave  gone  on  board, 

nd  to  have  done  duty,  under  an  implied  contract  to 
ficeive  a  reusoi'.<<ble  recompense,  in  the  nature  of 
w;>ges,/;ro  opere  el  lahore — Upon  the  footing  ot  this 
new  contiaci,  1  have  no  dilficulty  in  sustaining  their 


TiVi.Mhidt)  Jll.ch.7    §5  Id.  ck.  11    §3. 


Lindard 
.John  R. 
The    Hi 

iicn  3  li<jb.\b9. 

[12]  Richardson  vs.  JMaine  Ins.  Con:.  6  Jilass  R. 
103—118. 

[13]  I,nke  vs.  7,i/de2  liim.  8S2  Leddinrd  va.  Lo- 
/»!?;•  lu  JEa^i  526  Osjorid  r«.  Grotninir  2,  Catnp  466. 


Emeriff 


[14]  De  Miv.n.  54  n.  81. 

[15]  Df  jViiv.  part  3  aec  24. 

[16]  J'othier  Charter  Fatie  n.   68—69—1 
544 — 1  Valin  Covin.  656. 

[17]    Emeri^,  544—1    VaUn   Comn.   656— PotJiie 
Charter  Par  tie  n.  69. 

[  1 8]  Jvdjemeus  d'  Oleron,  art.  19.  §3,  §41. 

[19]  nig.M).  19.  tit  2  /.  15,   §5 

[20]  lies  Luijers  des  JMu:-  lots.  art.  4. 

[21]  Potfucr,  Lojiaj^-e  ckz  i)fatc{^('s    HO.     1 
Covim.6Bih  '  ,. 


VaJ^ 


BUPPLEMBNT  TO  NILKS'  REGISTER— LAW  DECISIOK. 


17S 


-.la'm  for  wages,  diirin  •  the  time  of  their  cnnnexi  n  are  innocent  parties ;  or  suc!i  caplme  is  wron.^ful, 
with  the  ship  lifter  restoration.  Full  waffes,  howev-j  and  the  own  i-s  .vrv-  ent.tled  tc  dam  -ges  cciniv.'.lcnt 
er,  oujUt  not  to  be  i^'iven  for  this  period,  b^c  i use  to  the  freight.  It  migh- be  ;i  sufficien;  answer  to  tliis 
the  SfTvic^s  pfrformad  or  required  were  not  eqtiil  'o  arj^umen',  that  no  sucli  distinction  as  to  leg:de(i'tcis, 
thf  usual  services  in  the   progress  of  the   v<>yag;e.   has  as  yet  been  recognized ;  and  so  fir  us  authori- 


Inrasef>f  a  detention,  under  the  arrest  of  a  sove 
r^ign,  the  French  ordinance  [23]  provides  that  the 
m  riners  hired  bv  the  month  sh.tll  be  entitled  to  a 
moiety  only  of  their  wagfs  during  such  detention. 
Under  all  the  circumstances  of  this  case,  1  shall 
adopt  this  as  ^^n  equitable  rule,  and  sliall  decree  wa- 
ges  acco -dingly. 

Tlienpx*  question  that  arrises,  is,  whether  the   li- 
bplhn's  are  entitled   to  the   two  months  pay  und^r 


ties  proceed,  tliey  indiscriminateiy  apply  to  neutral 
as  well  as  enemy  c-ptures  ;  and  lurtbcr,'  tliut  if  tha 
voyage  be  not  performed,  and  freiglit  be  not  in  fact 
allov/ed,  by  way  of  d.'images,  upon  resiilution,  which 
may  arise  Vv'ithout  any  defudt  of  the  owner,  he 
would  be  compelled  to  pay  wag^'s,  where  the  gene- 
ral law  had,  as  a  case  of  the  t'/.sm(;/o)-,  "xemptcd  him. 
The  case  also  of  Frochin^hum  vs  J-'rince  [24]  i)a8 
been  pressed  ujjon  the  court  as  a   direct  au'horiry  to 


■.Up  act  of  the  28t'»  of  February,  1803,  ch.  62.     Tiie  prove,  tiiat  llie  pa\  ment  of  wages   does  not  depend 

5hird  section  provides,  that  wlienever  an    American  "pon  the  earning  of  freight,   if  the   ship    or  any  of 

-ship  shall  be  sold  in  a  foreign  country,  or  an  Ameri-  'ler  materials  equal  to  the  wages,    remain   after  lh« 

oan    seaman    shall,  with  his  own    consent,  be  dis-  voyage.     That  case  is  very  imperfectly  reported.     I 

charged  in  a  foreign  country,  the  master  of  the  ship  l|ave,  however,   examined  the  original    record,    and 


from  a  memorandt|m  on  it,  I  find  the  full  wages  for 
the  homeward  voyage  were  allowed,  rlthougli  the 
cargo  was  totally  lost  by  shipwreck,  and  the 
ship  herself  was  so  much  injured,  tliat  the  materials 
sold  for  little  more  than  the  wages.  No  reasons  are 
given  for  this  decision,  and,  perhaps,  it  may  have 
turned,  as  the  defendant's  counsrl  have  suggested, 
upon  the  grotmd,  that  under  the  circumstances,  the 
seamen  were  entitled  to  a  snlv;ii;p  equal  to  tlieir  wa- 
ges. [25]  If,  however,  it  be  ii.c.ipable  of  this  cxpla- 
nation,  as  1  confess,  on  the  examination  nC  the  record, 
I  think  it  is,  the  most  that  can  be  said  is,  thai  it  is 
a  single  case  standing  ai.ne  ngaiiist  the  current  of 
authority. Decree  of  the  thstrict  cuirC  rc-jersed. 

Sklfridoe  for  the  libel! jnts, 

Phesscott  &  HoBBAHD  for  the  respondents. 


shall  pay  to  the  commercial  agent  of  the  United 
.Stttes,  for  everv  seamen  so  discharged,  three  months 
pay,  over  and  above  the  wages  due  to  such  seaman, 
two-thirds  thereof  to  be  paid  to  such  seaman  on  his 
engagement  on  board  of  any  vessel  to  return  to  the 
United  States,  and  the  remaining  third  lo  be  retain- 
ed, for  a  fund  to  relieve  destitute  American  seamen. 
I  agree  with  the  council  for  the  respondents,  that 
the  CHses  here  alluded  to  are  cases  of  voluntary 
discharge,  and  not  cases,  where  the  discharge  has 
resulted  from  inevitable  necessity  or  superior  force, 
such  as  a  total  loss  by  capture,  tempest,  or  other 
fortuitous  occurrence.  But  I  can  by  no  means,  ad- 
mit, that  the  present  case  comes  within  the  excep- 
tion. The  ship  was  in  a  capacity  to  return  home, 
or  perform  any  lawful  voyage,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
discharge,  the  libellants  were  attached  to  her  service. 

The  case  falls,    therefore,    within  the  words  and  the  I      nni         j  f        j-  T  T^       •    ' 

m  schiefs  of  the  statute,  and  thotigh  the  money  is  re-        •*-  *^^    important  l^aw  UeClSlOH. 
quired  to  be  paid  into  the  hands   of  a  public  agent  j  messiis.  gales  Scskatox 
for  the  use  of  the  libellants,  yet  as  they  did  all  the  I         Tlie  opinion  of  the  judges  of  tlie  general  court 
acts,  which  gave  them  a  perfect  title  to  it,  and  it  was  |of  Virginia,  declining  jlirisdicllon   of  certain  cases 
not  paitl,  tliis  court   will  enforce  theii-  title  diiectlv 
against  tliose,  who  were  circuitously  compellable  to 
p^y  it.     The  two  months  wages,  however,  are  to  be 
calculate',  not  on  the  original   wnges  ;  but  on  the 
wages  growing  out  of  the  new  contract  of  hire. 

Before  I  close  this  opiHion,  I  will  advert  to  one  or 
two  consideratinns,  which  h.ive  been  thrown  out  in 
theargwment.  It  has  been  argued,  that  if  the  sea- 
raen  were  entitled  to  wages,  they  were  bound  to  con- 
tribute towards  the  expenses  of  procuring  the  re- 
lease of  the  ship,  as  a  general  average. — But  I  know 


arisingunder  the  laws  of  the  United  Stales,  having 
excited  much  remark,  the  presiding  judge  has  been 
ipplied  to  by  a  gentleman  of  high  standing  to  fur- 
nish a  statement  of  tlie  opinion  of  the  court,  which 
[  now  enclose  you  v/ilh  a  request  that  it  may  find  a 
place  in  your  paper.  A  SUBSCRIBER. 

JACKSON,  ^  Upon  a  case  adjourned    to   thu  General   Coju-t  of 
T'.f          >      Viiijinia.  by  the  superioi-  Court  tl  Law,  loi  tbe 
ROW.      J      coiiiit)-  of 

'I'his  case  was  adjourned  to  the  IhsI   June    term, 

and  continued  over  for  consideration  to   the  Novem- 

of  no  rule   of  law,  which   subjects  the  seamen    to! ''^'' *.^''"^-,    ^^^  \"^t  term  it  was  argued  by  the  attor 


contribution  in  such  a  case.  The  geneivl  doctrine 
Is  that  they  do  not  contribute  to  general  average. 
The  only  admitted  exception  is,  in  case  of  ran- 
som, and,  perhaps,  by  parity  of  reasoning,  of  recap- 
ture. [23]  If  the  doctrine  were  otherwise,  it  would 
not  apply  to  the  present  case,  for  the  wages  to  con- 
tribute must  be  those,  wliicli  are  saved  by  the  ex- 
penses incurred;  and  not  by  the  wages  accruing  tm- 
der  another  contracts  Here  the  very  subject  mat- 
ter for  contribution    was  totally  lost.' 

It  has  been  argued,  on    tlie  other  side  that   a   cap 


neyfbr  the  United  States,  for  the  district  of  Vir- 
ginia, before  the  court,  consisting  of  ju  iges  While, 
Carrington,  Stuart,  Holmes,  Brockenbroi'igh,  Allen, 
Semple,  Randolph  and  Daniel ;  .ind  at  a  subsequent 
day  of  the  same  term,  judge  While  delivered  the 
opinion  of  the  court,  as  nearly  as  can  ne;w  be  rccol- 
lected,  lo  the  following  eilicct. 

This  is  an  action    of  del)t,  brought   by  the  plain- 
tiff to   recover  a /Je^ui//!/ inflic'ed  by  an    act  of    con- 
gress to  insure  the  collection  of  tli'e  revenue  of  the 
_   United  Slates,  whicli  pemiltij,    the   same    act   says, 


tore  of  a  neutral  bv  a  belligerent  differs  from  cap.  I  ["'*>' ""'■^*^'' '^"'f^^'""''=*"ces  such  as  exist  in  this  case, 
ture  by  an  enemy  as  lo  its   effects.     Tliat    it   either  ^^.  ''ecovered  in  a  state  court ;  and  the  question  sub- 


affords  pt'ima  facie  evidence  of  illegal  conduct    in 
the  neutrnl,   wiiich   subjects   iiim  to  condemnation, 


milted  to   the  general   couit   is    substantially   this: 
could  congres  constitution.dly  give  lo  a  state  court 


and  such  conduct  ought"  not  to  afT.ct   seamen,  who   {'"-isdictiou  over  this  case,  or  c.n  such  court  be  au- 
— — :; '— I  ihorised  by  an  act  of  congress    to  take  cognizance 

[22 J  Des  layers  des  malelod.     Art.  5,   Viilia  cojhw.  I  ther.-of.' 
6,  190.  I 

[23]  Mbot,  p.  in,  ch.  8.  ^14.     Td.p.  TV,  ch.  3,  §  2.}      [24]  3  JMass.  li.  568- 
The  Friends,  i  Uoh.  14-3—1  JiuKr.  fi4?.     1    Vn    /v.  I      Vi'y]  Cnffin  vs.  Sfcyr.-.  ^^Mmff.   /?,   ^o^—MboK  ft. 
■Chum.  752,  70V.  TV,  cf .  2,  \f>. 


i74< 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— LAW  DEGISION. 


The  very  statement  of  the  question  points  out  ils 
extreme  delicacy  and  great  importance. — It  involves 
the  great  constitutional  rights  and  powers  of  the 
general  government,  as  well  as  the  rights,  sovereign- 
ty and  independence  of  the  respective  state  govern- 
rnents.  It  calls  upon  this  court  to  mark  the  limits 
which  separate  tiiem  from  each  other  ;  and  to  make 
a  decision  which  may  possibly  put  at  issue,  upon  a 
p-reat  constitutional  point,  the  legislature  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  and  the  supreme  criminal  tribunal  of  one 
of  the  states. 

Such  a  question,  involving  such  consequences, 
ought  to  be  approached  with  the  utmost  circum- 
spection, witli  the  most  cool,  dispassionate  and  im- 
partial investigation,  and  with  a  fixed  determination 
to  render  such  judgment  only  as  shall  be  the  result 
of  solemn  conviction.  The  court  has  not  been  un- 
mindful of  these  things— it  has  approached  the  sub- 
ject with  those  feelings,  and  with  that  determina- 
tion. It  has  bestowed  its  best  consideration,  ils 
deepest  reflection,  upon  it ;  and  after  viewing  it  in 
cvm-y  point  of  light  in  which  it  has  been  placed  by 
otiiers,  or  in  which  the  court  has  been  able  to  place 
it,  has  mule  up  an  opinion  in  which  all  the  judges 
present  concur,  and  which  it  has  directed  me  to  pro- 
nounce. 

liut  before  that  is  done,  it  will  be  necessary  to  lay 
down  and  expl.iin   certain  principles  on  which  it  is 

founded. 

Pirst — It  is  believed,  that  the  judicial  power  of 
any  state  or  nation,  forms  an  important  portion  of 
its  sovereignty,  and  consists  in  a  right  to  expound 
its  laws,  to  iipply  them  to  the  various  transactions 
of  human  affairs  as  tiiey  r.rlse,  and  to  superintend 
and  enforce  their  execution — :md  that  whosoever  is 
authorised  to  perform  those  functions  to  any  extent, 
has  of  necessity  to  the  very  same  extent  the  judicial 
■power  of  that  state  or  nation  which  authorised  him 
to  do  so. 

Sccondli/ — Tliat  tlie  judiciary  of  one  separate  and 
distinct  sovereignty,  cannot  of  itseJf  assume,  nor 
can  another  separate  and  ^astinct  sovereignty  tither 
authorise  ov  coerce  it  to  exercise,  the  judicia!  powers 
of  such  other  separate  and  distinct  sovereignty. 

It  is  indeed  true,  that  the  interest  of  commerce, 
and  the  mutual  advantages  derived  to  all  nations  by 
their  respectively  protecting  the  riglits  of  property 
to  the  citizens  and  subjects  of  each  other,  whilst 
residing  or  trading  in  their  respective  territories, 
have  induced  civilized  nations  generally  to  permit 
tlieir  courts  to  sustain  suits  brought  upon  contracts 
made  in  foreign  countries,  and  to  enforce  their  exe 
cution  according  to  their  true  intent  and  meaning. 
And  in  order  to  ascertain  that  our  courts  do  permit 
the  laws  of  tlie  country,  where  tlie  contract  w.hs 
made  to  ht  proved  to  tlie  jury,  or  the  court  of  chan- 
cery, as  the  case  may  be,  hs  facts  entering  essential- 
ly into  the  substance  of  the  contract.  But,  in  doing 
all  this,  they  do  not  act  under  the  command,  or  by  ihe 
(uuhority  of  the  sovereign  of  that  nation.  Nor  are 
ihey  exercising  any  portion  of  its  judicial  powers. 
They  are  only  expounding,  applying  and  superin- 
tending the  execution  of  the  la-w  of  their  o~.un  state 
vvliich  authorises  that  mode  of  proceeding. 

JJut  thougli  there  are  the  best  reasons  for  permit- 
ting ou;-  courts  to  sustain  suits  of  tills  description, 
tliereis  no  good  reasoH  why  one  nation  should  au- 
thorise its  judi.-.iary  to  carry  thi  penal  laws  of  anotli- 
er  into  execution,  and  it  is  believed,  that  no  nation 
has  ever  dune  so.  And,  as  has  already  been  stated, 
there  is  no  p'"inclpleof  universal  law  which  a  itlior- 
ises  one  sovereign  to  empo-ivsr  or  direct  tiie  judiciary 
of  another  to  do  so.  Such  a  right  can  be  acquired 
J;y  compact  only.     And  we  shall  presently  see  nhc- 


ther  congress  has  so  acquired  it.  Without  sucU 
compact,  a  fugitive  from  justice  cannot  even  be  de- 
manded, as  of  right,  to  be  delivered  up  to  the  tri- 
bunals of  the  nation  -whose  laws  he  has  violated,  much 
less  can  he  be  tried  and  punished  by  a  foreign  tribu- 
nal for  violating  them. 

If  such  a  system  shall  once  be  adopted  it  will  in- 
troduce a  strange  kind  of  Mosalck  war  into  the  ju- 
diciary of  nations.  Here  a  Cadi  sitting  in  jndg- 
rrient  upon  an  Italian  denying  the  Pope's  infallibili- 
ty. There  the  stern  Fathers  of  the  Holy  Inquisi- 
tion, putting  a  poor  Turk  to  the  rack  because  he 
denies  that  Mahomet  is  the  Prophet  of  God.  The 
judges  of  republican  Virginia  pilloring  an  English- 
man for  libelling  royalty — And  the  court  of  king's 
bench  inflicting  the  same  punishment  upon  an 
American  for  libelling  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  late  declaration  of  war. 

Thirdly — That  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  although  it  by  no  means  possesses  the  en- 
tire sovereignly  of  this  vast  empire,  the  great  resi- 
dium  thereof  still  remaining  with  tiie  states  respec- 
tively, is  nevertheless,  as  to  all  the  purposes  for 
wliich  it  was  created,  and  as  to  all  the  powers  vest- 
ed therein,  unless  where  it  is  otherwise  provided  by 
the  constitution,  completely  sovereign. — And  that 
its  sovereignly  is  as  entirely  separate  and  distinct 
from  the  sovereignty  of  tlie  respective  states,  as  the 
povereignty  of  one  state  is  separate  and  distinct 
from  that  of  another.  So  that,  unless  as  before  ex- 
cepted, it  cannot  exercise  the  powers  that  belong  to 
the  state  governments,  nor  can  any  state  govern- 
ment exercise  the  powers  which  belong  to  it.  And 
that  there  is  no  one  thing  to  which  this  principle 
applies  with  more  strength  than  to  the  revenue  of 
the  United  States  and  things  appertaining  thereto. 
It  being  notorious  that  a  desire  to  give  congress 
complete  and  entire  control  over  that  subject  was 
the  great  and  moving  principle  which  called  the 
present  constitution  into  existence.  It  is  admitted, 
liGwcver,  that  there  aj"e  some  exceptions  to  this  last 
principle,  they  are  sucli,  however,  as  only  prove  the 
rule  itself.  Thus,  by  the  second  section  of  the  third 
article  of  the  constitution,  among  other  things  it  is 
declared  that  "  tlie  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  extend  to  controversies  between  citizens 
of  different  states,  between  citizens  of  the  same 
state,  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  states," 
&c. — These  powers  in  the  nature  of  things  belonged 
to  the  state  sovereignties,  and  they  were  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  in  com- 
plete possession  of  them,  nor  could  the  courts  of 
tlie  United  States,  merely  as  siich,  by  any  principle 
of  construction  have  claimed  them  ;  but  there  were 
reasons,  at  th.at  time  deemed  sufficient  to  justify  the 
extending  the  judicial  power  of  the  United  State? 
to  them,  and  they  were  extended  to  them,  without, 
however,  taking  away  the  jurisdiction  of  the  state 
courts;  so  that  as  respects  those  matters,  the  state 
courts  and  the  courtsof  the  United  States,  have  con- 
current jurisdiction,  by  compact. 

The.se  things  being  premised,  I  return  to  the  ques- 
tion :  ('an  congress,  by  any  act  which  it  can  pass, 
authorise  tlie  state  courts  to  exercise  or  vest'm  them 
:uiy  portion  of  th.e  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  ;  more  especially  that  portion  of  it  which  is 
employed  in  enforcing  x\\tiv  penal  la-jis  ? 

1  shall  cot  stop  here  to  prove  that  the  act  in  ques- 
tion is,  as  respecis  this  case,  a  p-^nal  law,  or  that  to 
enforce  the  payment  of  its  penalties,  in  any  way  or 
form  v^hatsoever,  would  be  to  execute,  to  enforce  it. 
These  are  self-evident  propositions  which  would  on- 
ly be  obscured  by  any  attempt  to  elucidate  them. 

Norsiiatl  1  wuste  much  time  in  considering  whe 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— LA Vf  DECISION. 


175 


ther  our  courts  can  resist  an  unconstitutional  law. 
That  question,  as  it  respects  our  state  laws,  has  long 
since  been  settled  in  Virginia,  and  the  decisions  of 
her  courts  have  been  acquieced  in  by  the  j^^eneral  as- 
sembly, with  that  wisdom  and  magnanimity  which 
belongs  to  it. 

This  argument  is  much  stronger  as  respects  the 
laws  of  congress,  the  legislature  of  a  separate  and 
distinct  sovereignty,  by  whose  laws  we  are  not  bound, 
unless,  to  use  the  very  words  of  the  constitution, 
they  are  "  made  in  pursuance  thereof"  Was  it  other- 
wise, were  the  state  courts  obliged  to  execute  every 
law  which  congress  might  pass,  without  enquiring 
whether  it  was  or  was  not  made  in  pursuance  of 
the  constitution,  \X.  IS  mos\.  manifest,  that  the  justly 
dreaded  work  of  consolidation  would  not  only  be 
begun,  but  that,  in  principle,  it  would  be  completed: 
and  that  states  sovereignty  and  state  independence 
would  soon  cease  to  exist. 

We  have  already  seen  that  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  is,  as  to  the  purposes  for  which  it  was 
created,  a  separate  and  distinct  sovereignty,  having 
rights,  powers,  and  duties,  which  it  is  bound  to  ex- 
ercise and  discharge  itself,  and  which  it  cannot  com- 
municate to  the  states  over  which  it  presides,  and 
which  they  cannot  intermeddle  with,  and  that  the 
judicial  power  forms  a  portion,  and  a  most  important 
portion  it  is,  of  its  sovereignty. 

We  have  seen  that  there  is  nothing  in  universal 
law,  or  the  usage  of  nations  which  will  authorise 
one  sovereignty  to  invest  its  judicial  power,  or  any 
part  of  it,  in  the  courts  of  another,  or  direct  them 
to  execute  it :  more  especially  that  portion  which 
respects  its  penal  code. 

If  then  congress  has  a  right  to  vest  that,  or  any 
other  portion  of  the  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States,  in  the  state  courts,  it  must  be  in  virtue  of 
some  compact.  But  there  is  no  other  instrument 
from  which  such  a  compact  can  be  inferred  but  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  Let  us  then  see 
where  it  has  deposited  the  judicial  power  of  the  ge- 
neral government,  for,  where  it  has  placed  it  there  it 
must  remain. 

That  instrument  does  not  take  the  least  notice  of 
the  state  courts  as  respects  this  subject.  But  it  de- 
clares, section  1st  of  the  3-  article,  lhat"the  judicial 
power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  iine  su- 
preme court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  congress 
may  from  time  to  time  ordain  a?ui  establish."  And 
by  the  8lh  section  of  the  first  article,  power  is  giv- 
en to  congress  "  to  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to 
the  supreme  court." 


of  the  constitution, "  all  officers  of  the  U.  States  are 
to  be  commissioned  by  the  president,"  which  the' 
state  judges  are  not. 

But  who  does  ihe  constitution  intend  shall  decide 
upon  the  good  behaviour  of  the, judges  of  these  infe- 
rior courts  .''  Most  unquestionably  the  senate  of  the 
United  States,  upon  impeachment  by  the  house  of 
representatives.  So  great  an  absurdity  cannot  be 
supposed,  as  that  the  constitution  intendea  to  put 
the  judicial  power  of  the  United  States,  or  any  part 
of  it,  into  the  hands  of  judges  in  no  wise  responsible 
to  its  government.  Yet  no  man  can  pretend  that  the 
state  judges  can  be  impeached  and  tried  by  that 
government- 

Besides,  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 
does  not  provide  that  the  »late  judges  shM  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behaviour.  Congress  cannot 
direct  that  it  shall  be  so  by  law,  and,  in  fact,  some 
of  them  are  elected  for  a  limited  period,  and  others 
may  be  removed  by  a  vote  of  their  state  legisla- 
tures. So  that  if  a  law  of  congress  should  be  very 
unpopular  in  one  of  those  states,  the  judges  could 
net  execute  it  but  at  the  risk  of  their  commissions. 

Moreover,  the  judges  of  the  state  courts  are  call- 
ed upon  by  this  act  to  exercise  judicial  power,  which 
they  hold  at  the  -wiU  of  congress,  and  which  may  Ue 
taken  from  them  by  the  very  breath  which  gave  it — 
and  which,  it  is  almost  certain,  will  be  taken  from 
them,  whenever  by  a  firm  and  independent  exercise 
of  their  own  judgments  they  shall  much  offend  that 
honorable  body.  So  that  under  this  system,  neither 
the  people,  nor  the  government  of  the  United  States, 
would  have  that  security  for  the  uprightness  of  their 
judges  which  the  constitution  contemplates. 

But  the  judges  of  these  inferior  courts  are  also  to 
receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  which  shall 
not  be  diminished  during  their  continu'ince  in  ojjce, 
nor  during  the  existence  of  a  particular  laxv,  calling 
tor  particular  services. 

From  whom  are  they  to  receive  this  compensa- 
tion .''  Certainly  from  the  general  government,  to 
which  those  services  are  to  be  rendered.  But  do  the 
state  judges  receive,  or  are  tliey  to  receive,  any  com- 
pensation for  these  services  to  be  rendered  to  the  Uni- 
ted States  .■'  Every  body  knows  that  they  do  not- 
And  we  know,  that  if  any  judge  of  the  state  was  to 
accept  either  commission  or  compensation  from  the 
general  government,  he  would  by  tliat  act  vacate 
his  office. 

But  it  is  said,  that  the  state  courts  do  take  cog-- 
nlzance  of  suits  brought  to  enforce  contracts  made 
in  {'(ireign  countries,  and  that  they  will  take  notice 


This  judicial  power  then,  thewAofe   of  it,    zfithoutfof  those  foreign  laws,  under  the  faith  of  which  such 

contracts  were  made,  and  enforce  them  agreeably 
thereto,  and  that  tills  suit  sounds  in  contract.  Bat 
how  does  it  sound  in  contrtxt .''  Has  the  defendant 
contracted  to  pay  tlie  amount  of  tliis  penally  to  the 
plaintiS"?  No,  it  is  answered,  it  is  not  precisely  so. 
But  it  is  understood  to  be  a  principle  of  universal 
law,  tliut  every  citizen  and  subject  has  entered  into 
Auimplied  contract,  that  iie  will  obey  the  laws  of  his 
country — that  the  laws  of  iiis  conn'vy  subject  the 
defendant  to  the  payment  of  this  pcnaiti/ — that  this 
suit  is  founded  on  that  contract,  and  the  state  court 
has  for  that  reason  jurisdiction  over  it.  Indeed  ! 
But  before  we  yield  our  assent,  let  us  see  how  far 
tills  reasoning  will  carry  us.  It  is  sometimes  said, 
that  an  argtinient  wliich  necessarily  proves  loo  much, 
proves  nothing. 

By  this  same  implied  contract,  every  citizen  and 
suL'ject  of  every  government,  has  agreed  to  submit 
his  head  to  the  block,  or  his  neck  to  the  cord,  when- 
ever the  laws  of  his   country  require  him  to  do  so. 


any  exception,  is  given  to  this  supreme  court,  and 
lliose  inferior  coiu'is  to  be  ordained  and  establishedhy 
congress.  It  has  never  yet  been  contended  that 
congress  can  compel  or  authorise  the  state  courts  or 
any  of  tliem  to  perform  tlie  functions  of  the  su- 
preme court.  By  what  kind  of  reasoning  then  can 
it  support  a  claim  to  exercise  such  a  power  with  re- 
spect to  tlie  functions  of  these  inferior  courts  .■'  Did 
congress  ordain  arzJestubllsli  the  state  coin-ts  .■'  Did 
it  decree  their  existence  ?  Did  it  appoint  their  judg- 
es i"  Did  it  institute,  did  it  settle,  did  it  consticnle 
them  ?  Most  certainly  it  has  done  none  of  those 
tilings.  It  found  them  already  ordained  a?id  esta- 
blished, and  finding  tliem  so  ordained  a?id  establisli- 
ed,  it  has  by  its  laxv  directed  them  to  exercise  this 
por'.ionof  the  judicial  power  of  the  United  Slates. 

But  the  judges  of  tliese  inferior  courts  are  to  have 
offices  which  they  are  to  hold  during  good  behaviour. 
Now  I  take  it  for  granted,  that  the  man  who  holds  an 
office  is  an  officer,  and  an  officer  too  of  that  govern- 
ment whose  business  it  is  the  duty  of  his  office  to 
perfonn.    And  by  the  od  section   of  the  2d  article 


If,  therefore,  tills  implied  contract  will  give  as  ju- 
risdiction over  this  penal\a.\v,  and  justify  us   ifl  e»'» 


176  SUPPLEMEIS'T  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— MISCELLANEOUS  SCRAPS. 

furcinr' its  y«)ic^io'i,  tlie  s;ime  principle  will  give  uslthe  roof  hsre  wis  veryhi.^h  and  aregulsr  self  sup 


lunsdiction  over  iheentir-i  penal  code  of  every  n:i- 
"tion  upon  the  eartli,  wiiich  no  man  can  pretend  to 
say  we  have. 

Upon  lUe  whole,  liowever  pjlnful  it  may  be,  and 
av -.iially  IS,  to  us  all,  to  os  brou^jht,  by  a  sense  of  du 
ty,  into'contlict  with  the  opinions  and  acts  of  the  le 
jTislalure  of  Hie  United  States,  (or  wiilcli  we  enter- 
tain the  hii^hest  respect,  and  the  constitutional  laws 
of  winch  we  feel  it  our  duty  to  obey  and  execute 
with  cheerfulness,  when  their  execution  devolves  up- 
on us  ;  yet  we  cannot  resist  the  conviction,  that  tills 
law  is,  in  this  respect,  unconstitutional.  It  is  the 
unaiumous  opinion  of  this  court,  that  to  assume  ju- 
risdiction over  this  case,  would  be  to  e.vercise  a 
portion  of  the  judicial  power  of  the  United  Slates, 
which,  bv  the  constitution,  is  clearly  and  distinctly 
deposited  in  other  hands;  and  that  by  so  doing  we 
uliould  prostrate  tliat  very  instrument  which  we  have 
talctii  a  solemn  oath  to  support. 


Miscellaneous  Scraps. 

Ju  tile  course  of  our  editorial  labors,  we  have  laid 
nside  a  great  miny  scraps,  amusing,  interesung, 
or  useful — some  of  then)  of  importance.  We  have 
thoaght  they  oiij^ht  not  to  be  lost — and  sh.dl  be, 
indeed,  much  mistaken,  if  the  possessor  of  the 
Wkkkly  Rksisteu  does  not  often  reier  to  this 
part  of  the  work  to  pass  a  leisure  moment  agree- 
ably. 

XKTUUAL  CURIOSITY. 

FltOM  TUK     CATSKILL    IIECOHIIKII.         lu    thC     tOWU    ot 

Bethlehern,  twelve  miles  fiom  Albany,  iuave  been 
discovered  two  remirkable  caverns,  wliicli  merit  to 
be  classed  with  the  fust  of  natural  curiosities,  and 
claim  the  attention  of  the  curious,  and  the  admirers 
of  the  works  of  nature.  They  were  explored  a  siiort 
time  since  by  a  pnrty  of  young  gentlemen  from  Cai- 
ro, who  werejno  less  gratified,  thin  sonished  that 
so  great  a  phenomenon  should  so  long  remain  unno- 
ticed and  unexplored. 

The  first  one  v/e  entered  descends  from  a  place 
wliich  is  nearly  level  in  a  wood,  the  entrance  of 
which  was  about  sufficient  to  admit  the  entrance  of 
a  karrel;  the  descent  was  about  the  fteepness  of 
ijommon  stairs,  until  we  reached  the  bottom,  which 
was  toler.al/iy  smooth  and  level;  it  was  from  10  to 
15  fr-et  wide,  and  about  the  s.ime  in  heigiit,  ihe 
pass.  ;e  widened  from  i;ie  entrance  until  we  reHch- 
ed  tiie  h-.Unm,  wiiicii  w.-.-i  supposed  to  be  about  lUU 
feet  Dp'ow  liie  surface  o\'  the  earili;  in  some  pi  ices 
tlierooi  was  arclied  and  smoutli,  and  in  olh-rs  com 
posed  of  ragged  rocks  which  in  some  places  up 
peared  to  be  aimf)st  ready  to  quit  their  hcKl  and 
threaten  the  intruder  v.ith  instant  death.  Afttr 
proceeding  aijout  half  a  mile,  vve  c  ime  to  a  pluce 
w'.iere  the  timid  are  apt  to  hiive  their  curiosity 
damped,  I'.iid  relinf^aish  tlieir  resea.ches:  which  wjs 
a  narrow  pass:ige  about  -10  feet  in  lengdi,  and  not 
tnoro  liian  ;;  in  height,  and  getting  through  it  was 
attended  with  considerable  exertions  .snd  difficulty; 
after  which  we  entered  the  most  remarkable  pari  of 
the  c.ivern — proceodiiig  aijoutone  (ptarter  ot  a  mile 
further,  we  came  to  a  pond  of  puie  and  exceeding 
cold  water,  which  was  about  7U  or  80  feet  in  circum 
feretice,  and  apparently  in  some  pLces  very  deep; 
ive  tiirew  in  pieces  of  broken  rocks  v/hic!i  desceiui- 
cd  witii  a  roariiur  rumtding  noise  ibr  some  lime  be- 
for^  they  reached  t!ie  biitom;  the  waiei  from  this 
circumstance  was  judged  to  be  as  mucii  as  40  tot 


ported  arch,  from  wliich  hung  great  quantities  ol 
marcasite  or  spar,  resembling  icicles  some  of  whick 
were  transparf-nt  .4nd  bet'.U'.iful — but  to  describe 
th»;  curiosities  of  this  place  would  exceed  the  bounds 
of  a  newsp.iper  an  i  tiie  talents  of  the  writer. 

After  leaving  this  cavern,  curiosity  excited  tlie 
p  irty  to  visit  another  which  was  about  a  qu  irter  of 
a  mile  distant  from  the  former,  and  which  had  nev- 
er been  explored.  The  entrance  into  this  is  at  the 
loot  of  a  precipice  of  rocks  abiut  5U  or  60  feet  ii\ 
lieight,  a  current  of  air  issues  ^'rom  its  mouth  almost 
sufficient  to  blow  ou'  a  candle — the  entrance  was 
quite  narrow,  not  more  tlian  large  enough  'o  conve- 
niently admit  a  person  :  the  descent  w:.s  quite  st^ep 
until  we  reached  the  bottom,  when  we  were  usht^red 
into  a  capacious  room  but  rather  rough  and  rocky. 
There  was  a  number  of  winding  p.ssages  leading 
from  them,  all  of  wiiich  were  explored,  hut  were 
found  to  terminate  in  going  a  few  rods;  at  length 
a  narrow  passage  was  discovered,  which  being  fol- 
lowed a  short  dist'mce,  opened  into  ;i  large  and  vault- 
ed natural  ball-i-oom,  whicii  was  straight,  about  20 
feet  w id'.-,  an  I  ibotu  tlie  same  in  height,  and  when 
illuminated  had  tlie  most  brilli'int  and  romantic 
appr-arance  imaginable,  drops  like  dew  hanging 
from  tlie  spar,  and  glittering  in  the  rays  of  the  can- 
al'*, rendered  the  scene  truly  brilliant,  and  crmnot 
fail  of  enr.ipturing  a  person  who  is  susceptible  ot 
the  feelings  caused  by  the  contemplation  of  gran- 
deur, sublimity  and  beauty.  Th's  c  v^rn  is  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  in  ex; '-nt,  and  exploring  it  is  at- 
tended with  no  ilifficuli},  it  being  citp'icious  and 
smooth  after  leaving  the  entrance. — On  one  side  is 
heard  the  murmerin«:s  of  a  stream  of  water    which 


is  discernaMe  at  diffi-'iit  places  tiirough  •■venues 
resembling  port  holes — (a  stream  of  water  runs  in 
th?  same  ni'inntr  through  the  whole  length  of  the 
former  cavern) — al  ihe  extremity  of  th>' c.ivern  are 
a  number  of  pihsiges  leading  difl"^i-ent  way."*,  which 
are  as  perfectly  str.iight,  smoolli,  ind  as  regularly 
arclu.d,asif  they  hid  been  hewn  by  the  hind  of  *n 
artist,  though  not  very  extensive.  A  pistol  fired  in 
one  of  the  passages  made  as  loud  a  r?port  as  a  six 
pound  cannon  would  in  the  open  air. — In  some  pla- 
ces the  lide^  of  th  ■  caveri^  are  composed  of  a  chry^^ 
tal  7. -A  substance  which  is  tr-  nsp  !.rent  and  appears 
to  have  been  formed  i)y  tlie  oozing  of  lime  wa» 
ler  from  the  rocks,  whic'.r  is  petrified  and  very  much 
resembles  ice.  Ai  one  place  in  'his  cavern  whs  dis- 
covered a  hole  in  the  rock  .tbout  12  feet  from  the 
bottom  of  the  cave,  so  sma'l  tiiat  it  admitted  a 
man  with  some  ailHcuity  ;  dui  on  entering  was  found 
to  lie  ihe  p,:ss'ige  to  .  large  room,  where  were  found 
tiie  horns  and  bones  of  a  deer,  winch  appeared  to 
li.ive  lain  there  a  great  number  of  years,  and  proba- 
bly were  c  irried  iher'^  by  some  beast  of  prey,  the 
fear  of  which  has  probably  been  the  restraining 
cause  of  leaving  this  subterraneous  curiosity  so  long 
uiii'xplorpd. 

Cairo,  July  25,  1815. 

"a  onoi)  SHOT."  J\'ortha?npto7t,  J\fass  Feb.  14.— 
Mr.  Ebj  ih  Allen,  jr.  of  ihis  town,  i-r-dy  killed,  at 
one  shot,  3  wild  lurkies,  weighing  60  lbs. — hi'  al- 
so killi  d  two  at  another  shot,  from  tiie  same  flock» 
weighing  together  40  lbs. 

Rettiikctivk  justil::.  An  officer  and  a  lawyer, 
talkii-.""  of  a  disastrous  battle,  -the  former  was  la- 
menting  the  number  of  bra\  e  soldiers,  who  fell; 
when  the  lawyer  observed,  th;,t  those  who  live  by 
the  sword,  must  expect  to  die  by  Mie  sword.  "By 
a  similar  rult',"  answerer   the  officei,  "tl.osc    wlitt 


in  dr-pth-r  Thisp!';'"' ts  ib^  PXt-remtty  of  the  csvern,liiveby  the  lav.^,  muEt  expect  ta  die  by  the  Iflv: 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


177 


VCXISIIMEXT  FOR  TREASosr.  From  the  Democratic 
l*rens.  As  our  naturulizfLLfr'll.)W  ci.i^eiis  irelhii^at- 
eued  by  tlie  proclamai-iDii  of  ii»e  pi-incf  regent,  to  «c 
punished  (if  tulcen  in  arms)  with  the  utmost  severity 
of  the  banarous  law  of  England,  in  c-ises  of  higli 
tre:ison,  and  as  it  is  hirdly  possible  to  picture  to  the 
wo.jtlan  idea  of  dii' .s.iv..,ije  ci'Ueliy  of  th.it  hori'id 
f>un)-hineni  without  li.iviiij,  witnessed  its  mfliclion, 
it  in.iy  noi  be  *miss  to  present  our  readers  with  tlie 
following  lively  description  of  it,  by  an  eye  witness; 
it  18  t  iben  from  i  collection  of  extPicts  from  authen- 
tic mamisoripti,  published  at  London  in  the  year 
1789,  nnii  tlie  p.irt  selected  is  an  account  of  llie  exe- 
cution of  sir  Thomas  i3lount  :md  one  R.nnet  Seely, 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  for  having  adh.ered  to  ihe 
unfoftunate  Rich  ird  I{.  On  them  was  literally  exe- 
cuted the  inhuman  and  siiocking  sentence  of  the  1  w 
of  England,  as  threatened  to  be  inflicted  on  our  br^ve 
defenders.  Let  our  nattu-alized  citizens  look  on  this 
bloody  buoy,  and  they  will  not  be  at  a  loss  to  deter- 
mine on  the  line  of  con  lud  wltich  duty  and  honor 
call  upon  ihem  to  pursue  They  will  iememl)er  at 
the  same  time  that  they  have  a  country  that  will  at 
every  hazard  protect  their  persons  and  avenge  tlieir 
wrongs. 

Extract  from  an  English  pamphlet. 

"Sir  Tiiom  s  Blount,  and  one  Bonnet  Seely,  his 
c^mpaniuii,  were  drawn  from  Oxford  (above  three 
miles)  to  thepl-tceof  execution,  where  they  were 
han^^ed;  but  the  ropes  were  soon  cut  and  tliese  }|--nile- 
men  were  made  to  t.dk,  and  sit  on  a  tjencii  before  a 
great  fire,  and  the  executioner  came  witli  a  r.tzor  in 
Ins  hand,  and  knelt  before  sir  Tliomas  Uloiint,  who.se 
bands  were  tied,  begging  liim  to  pardon  him  his 
death,  as  he  must  do  his  office.  Tlien  sir  Tliomas 
asked  him  "ire  you  the  person  appointed  to  dtdiver 
Tne  from  tins  world?"  'i"he  exectitioner  answered, 
"yes,"  saying,  ".sir,  I  pray  you  p  irdon  m  ,"  nnd  sir 
Tho  nas  kissed  him,  and  forgave  lum  his  death.  The 
executioner  knelt  down,  and  sir  Thom.is  Bl;unt 
made  iiiiTiself  ready;  and  then  the  executioner  open- 
ed his  belly,  and  cut  his  bowels  straight  from  below 
the  siomich,  and  tied  tiiem  with  a  string,  liiat  the 
wind  of  tlie  heurt  should  not  escape,  and  threw  the 
bowels  into  the  fire.     Then  sir  Thomas  Blount,  was 


cii..nge,  ..vT  against  the   portrait  of  WashiMg-ton, 
which  seems  to  frown  indignmtl}'  upon   liif  sc-.ne. 

Tlie  picture  r.'»prpst  nts  the  horrible  trage  !y  which 
was  lately  acted  at  Frenchvown,  on  the  river  R  dsin, 
ijy  liie  Brilisli  and  th'^ir  Inarm  rtUi^s,  iiiidti  the 
command  of  col.  Proctor.  The  subject  will  doubt- 
less be  too  well  recollected  oy  every  American. — 
"T'ne  wounded,"  says  the  informant  fiom  the  spot, 
"were  left  on  the  ground  w.^h  promises  of  protec* 
tion  from  the  command.ing  officer,  colonel  Proctor, 
an  I  that  they  shotild  be  carrriedon  tlie  next  morn- 
ing on  .sleds  to  Maiden  On  the  morning  of  the  23d 
.lanu.iry,  about  sunrise,  a  large  bodv  of  the  Indians 
came,  plundered  the  wounded  of  their  clothing  and 
every  liiing  of  v.ilue,  and  tomahawked  and  scalped 
all  that  were  unable  to  march." 

Capi.  Hart,  whose  fate  lias  excited  so  much  inte- 
rest, not  less  on  account  of  liis  sufre>"ings  from  the 
h.:nd3  of  the  Indians,  than  from  the  perfi  ly  of  the 
s;ill  more  hideous  savage,  captain  Elliott,  1.-^  here  seen 
receiving  the  unsolicited  assistaiice  from  his  class- 
mate and  perfidious  friend.  Captains  Mead  and 
Vl'Cracken  are  lying  on  t'ae  field  of  honor,  above 
whom  IS  seen  the  lamented  captain  lli'kmt.n, 
wiio-^e  Situation  excites  the  wai-mest  inter-'st.  He 
is  struggling  under  the  grasp  of  a  determined  sa- 
v.igc,  wlio  jppe.wfs  to  be  certain  of  his  prey,  whilr^ 
two  other  Indians  render  the  fate  of  the  victim  sure, 
eacli  amliitiousiy  strivintf  to  give  the  fatal  stroke. — 
On  the  foieground  is  exhibited  a  scene,  the  idea  of 
wliich  freezes  thj  blood  with  horror.  An  Indian  of 
glg.auic  stature,  armed  cnp-u-ple,  bestrides  the  body 
of  the  fillen  S;inp,son  (a  late  membe;- of  congress). 
and  with  exulting  triuTiph,  holds  to  our  view  ids 
fr'^'sh  and  reeking  scalp,  wiiile  the  unh.ippy  sufferer 
writlies  at  his  feet  in  anguish.  At  a  disl.ince  are 
s;  n  colontd  Proctor  and  suite,  with  the  Indian  chief 
Round  IJeiul,  on  liorsebiC-t;  wiio,  toH.se  the  1  .nguage 
of  the  colonel  hlmsfl*^  "isith  his  band  nf  inarriors, 
rendered  essenllal  service  by  their  bravei^  and  good 
condnct"  'i  hese  monsters  in  hum.in  .sliapft,  w  I'll  a 
regnnent  of  British  soldiers  in  their  !  e  ir,  'U-e  b.;'hold- 
mg  this  scene  of  unpreredcnicd  barbarity  witliout 
stretching  forth  tlieir  hands  to  arre:;t  the  bloody 
deed.     The    picture   is  composed  of  a  iriultipLcily 


sitting  before  the  fire,  liis  belly  open,  ind  saw  his  of  otiier  figures,  which  interest  the  beholder,  and 
bowels  burning  before  him.  S'lr  Tliom.is  D'Arps- 
ghen,  king  Henry's  chamberlain,  insulting  Biount, 
said  to  him,  witii  dei  ision,  "Go  seek  a  master  that 
can  cure  you."  Blount  only  answered  by  putting 
his  hands  'ogether,  saying  "Tedeum  laud.unus,  and 
blessed  be  the  hour  that  1  was  born,  and  blessed  ue 
this  day,  for  I  sh  ill  die  in  the  service  of  my  sove- 
reign lor.!,  the  noble  king  Rich.ird." 

"Arp:?glien  wislied  to  compel  him  to  reveal  the 
accomplices  of  his  treason.  "The  words  traitor  and 
treason,"  siid  lie,  "belong  toth»e  and  the  infamous 
Ruiland,  by  wjiom  the  flower  of  English  chivalry  is 
this  day  destroyed.  I  summon  you  both,  before  the 
face  of  J  ?sus  Clirist,  for  your  great  treason  tgr.inst 
our  sovereign  lord  the  noble  king  Ricluird."  Ti.e 
e.\ecutioner  then  asked  him  if  he  would  drink.?  "no," 
aai-l  he,  "you  have  taken  from  me  tiie  place  into 
■which  I  should  put  it.  God  be  praised,  my  bowels 
are  in  the  fire."  He  afterwards  entreated  the  exe- 
cutioner to  deliver  Iilm  from   this  world,  ■saying  "i* 


embellish  the  composition;  but  which,  being  minor 
in  the  scene,  cannot  here  be  minuirly  uescribjd. — ■ 
Th"  subject,  tliongh  liornble  b.-yond  measure,  is 
rich  .nd  glowing,  and  cannoi,  ptrticularly  at  a  mo- 
ment like  the  present,  buieiicii  the  in'erest  and  ex- 
cite  tire  indignaii^n  of  every  friend  of  his  cou.'itry. 

EDUCATitrx.  During  the  shorl-lived  reifti  of  Na- 
poleon Bonaparte,  afiei  his  return  from  Elba,  Carnof, 
miaistei  of  tlie  interior,  made  a  report  on  ihesuiyect 
of  n.ttinnale  Uic.ition.     It  Ueg'in  as  follows: 

"Tiir'i-e  exists  an  exumple  for  the  progress  of  rea- 
soi^  furnish.^  i  by  a  country  of  the  new  -.vml  1,  more 
recently,  bu;  pe'riiaps  better  givilized  than  most  of 
lh»  nations  of  wliat  is  cuUed  the  trcicnt  world. — 
When  the  Americans  of  the  Uuiltd  S:ates   resolve 
upon  found  ingM  town  or  even  a  vii!ag--,    th«>ir  fir.st 
Cire  1-  to  intfodnce  a  public  institution,  as  ^-oon  i-veit 
as  they   tr,.nsiiiiL  viie   Instruii-.enis  of  igriculiure — 
these  men  or  sense,  the  pupils  of  Frinklin  and  Wash- 
hurts  m-  much  to  see  the  traitors  who  -.re  present."!  '"K^^".  ^V-"d  knowing  th  >t  what  is  r-qudly  necessary 
The  ex^cutioner  then  kn.lt  down  before  him,  an  i '  ^•"-  ^l^^  '^^'^  '^^':}^  «f  man,  as  th-?  culnvatmn  »t  land, 
kis.'-d  him  in  a  very  humble  manner,  .nd  soon  after  i^li^"  co^er.ng  o.  nous .^s,  and  the  pt-eparat.on  of  cloth- 

'  in,,',  is  ;lic  cultivMion  ot  his  mind."     1  he   reporter, 

after  this  e.\o;d,um,  descants   upon  the  durabl:  ad- 


his  head  was  cutoff,  and  he  was  qtiartersd." 

JValional  Picture.     Fivmi   a  Cii.irleston   paper   of 
Aug.  6.  1813 — A  national  picture,  from  the  pencil  of 

J.B.White.esq.  is  ofierjd gratis  to  liie  view  of  tlie  pub-    , .      _ 

He.   Ii  is  now  exhibiting  m  the  court  vojr:  of  liie  ex-  of  primary  education.     He  s:iy?,  h«  does  not  speak  of.^ 
3iri?PI.EME:<T  TO  vol,.  iX.  X 


vantages  of  elementarv  instruction,  in  the  lower  or- 
lers  o'"  society,  and  inf)rms  the  emperor,  that  tfiere 
.re  at  present  in  Fr  nee  2  millions  of  clilldren  in  want 


178 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  PvLGlSTEU— SCRAPS. 


that  ecliicition  which  forms  half  philosop'ners,  or 
men  of  Uie  world,  but  only  such  as  will  form  good  ar 
tizaiis  :uid  ii:o.mI  men,  byuiJbrding  tlie  elements  of 
inJispcn-iable  knowUr'd.^e,  good  hablls,  and  vespeci 
for  the  laws.  He  tliiil  pioceeds  to  state  how  this 
Bystcrn  may  be  most  easily  reduced  to  practice,  and 
concludes  with  a  hig-h  -uiogium  upon  Dr.  B- U  :'n(' 
Mr.  l/incaster.wtiose  >yst(>ms  :v.tve  leen  introduced 
to  i;  remotest  settlem.int  nf  \mer:ra,  and  for  vvluch 
he    .ioi...-:  the  patronage  of  the     ;  per    . 

Tlien  ollows  a  decree  ot  uie  emper,  ordaining 
of  an  experiment  scl'.ool  for  primary  educ  tion,  as 
.H  model  for  subsequr'ni  national  schools,  to  bring  up 
tutors  for  the  system. 

Excellent  fkxck.  From  the  Albavy  Daihj  Jdvar- 
tiser.  Travellinglate'.y  upun  the  b.ud;3  of  Connec- 
ticut river,  in  the  vicinity  o(  M  uiover,  I  observed 
hundred? — anl  I  believe  ihousanusofroodsofsiroi'.t:, 
substantial  and  durable  fence,  made  of  white  pine 
stumps,  extracted  from  the  ground  with  their  roots. 
Curiosi  y  led  me  to  enquire  by  whfit  po\rer  and  ma- 
cinnery'hc  operation  of  extraction  was  performed. 
An  ohl;£j\!i(^  strimg'er  shewed  me  one  of  the  machines 
andexpldtied  the  manner  in  which  it  was  -.pplieil; 
and  as  I  r.pfiiehsnd  those  machines  may  be  u«ed  to 
great  advantage  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States 
where  tliey  haVe  not  been  heard  o*',  I  will  ende;ivor, 
as  far  hs  I'dui  recoUect,  to  describe  the  machine,  and 
explain  ihemu!merof  using  it 


The    height  of  the  Pesks  of  Otter,  deemed  the 
Highest  mountains  (from  their  base)  of  Virginia  are 


miongst  tiie  highest  in  the  United  States,  which  has 
liithet-to  been  a  subject  of  uncertain  conjecture,  has 
lately  been  takA-n  b\  geometrical  operations  widi 
m  excrilent  instrum.ent  and  great  cire.  Tliey  are 
found  to  be  much  short  of  tiie  conjecture  which  has 
prevail'i-i. 

Tiie  following  are  the  particulars  most  worthy  of 
notice. 

The  latitude  of  the  sh-.rp  pe.ik  (which  is  tlif=  south 
one)  !  ')kcn  1-y  a  snigle  observa'i.  n  made  on  its  apex, 
is  37"  S3'  17"  North. 

By  a  m.=-an  of  tlie  observations,  the  height  of  the 
oorth  penk,  above  tlie  aurf.ceof  O'Tcr  river,  is  olOoi 
fe^'t — of  the  ^oudl  or  shuvp  peak,  2946}  ft-el.  Their 
diflercncc  of  height  157  feet. 

Tlie  distance  of  the  smnmits  nearly  1  and  8  10  of 
I  mile,  but  ex-clly  9507'}  feet. 

The  magnetic  bearing  of  the.summit  of  the  South 
from  that  of  tlie  south  pe^k,  is  N.  35°  50'  K.— from 
whicii  2*^  must  he  substracled  for  the  present  varia- 
tion of  (he  needle. 

The  baselines  iTie.isured— the  one  of  2806  feet  or 
55  100  ol'  a  mile;  the  other  of  6589  feet  or  1  1-4 
ni!''S,were  on  the  plains  of  Otter  river,  belonging 
lo  Christop!)er  Clark,  E.q.  and  the  heirs  of  Andrew 
D(;i-i,dd,  near  the  mill  of  the  latter-,  tlie  loimer  line 
In  exact  direction  to  tiic  axis  of  the  south  peak;  the 
latter  ne'raly  p.araliel  with  the  bearing  of  the  one  peak 


The,  machine  consists  of  a  very  stroni?  nnii-^  '''fj  froni  the  other 
v'heel^i' say  1^  f""^'t  dinmetcrJ-the  axis  about  15  or.  The  distance  of  the  base  lines  measured  from  the 
16  laches  diameter.  N.utr  to,  and  the  inside  of  cnei  p,ji,,(s  ;„  t;,e  basis  of  the  momitains,  vertically,  un- 
the  wheels,  a  third  wheel,  somewhat  less  than  thej^ej. their  summits,  was,  the  nearest  19002  feet;  the 
f.liiers,  is  fi'.HiTied  lo  the  .ixisasa  liuh.     A  large  rope,  }-,j-thest  24523  feet,  or  about  4  miles  generdly 


or  hawser  is  fastened  to  the  peripheiy  of  the  sm;tll 
wheel  and  coils  upon  it.  'I'o  tlie  end  of  tlils  hawser 
are  hitclied  four  oxen — a  large  ch.iin  is  made  to  fas- 
ten to  the  centre  of  the  axis  and  round  the  stump. — 
Tiie  oxen,  drawing  upon  the  h.^wser,  turn  the  small 
Vv'heel  and  asis,  wiiile  the  two  l»rge  wheels  re- 
main stalioniuy,  only  supporting  the  operation. — 
Tiie  stump  wiien  thus  exiracted,|  is  borne  off,  swing 


Supposing  the  radius  of  tiie  eartli  3965  miles, 
the  nortli  peak  may  be  seen  over  a  level  country 
to  tlie  distance  of  62  14  miles;  this  will  include 
the  whole  or  a  part  of  the  counties  of  Amherst, 
Nelson,  Albemarle,  Fluvanna,  Buckingh.am,  Cum- 
berland, Franklin,  Bedford,  Campbell,  Prince  Ed- 
ward, Charlotte,  Patrick,  Henry,  Pittsylvania  and 
Halifax,  and  it  may  be  Ecen  over  the  summit  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  in  Rockbridge  and  Botetourt. 

iMi;iiiNos.  Tiie  number  and  grades  of  sheep  own- 
ed by    gentlemen  residing  within  one  mile   of  the 

is  large  >:ud  iiolds  a  strong  givsp  upon  the  eardi,  the  j  centre  of  the  town  of  Pittsneld   (Mass.)  are  ascer- 

most  proiTdnent  top   roots  should  be  cut  olf  three  tained  to  be  as  follows: 


ing  under  the  axis,  to  the  line    where    the  fence  is 

to  i>e  made. 

■  It  may  be  necessary  to  .add,  that  where  the  stump 


or  fnir  feet  from  the  sMimp 

The  fence  is  constructed  by  throwing  tlie  slumps 
into  line,  and  stopping  in  here  and  there  a  root 
to  secure  the  wid:-st  ripenings.  To  those  licqualnled 
with  the  durability  of  pine  stumi^s,  it  isiiirdlyne- 
cessiii-y  to  observe  that  the  fi--nce  constvueted  of  them 
will  remain  sound  for  at  least  one  generation. 

A  mi;chine  constructed  as  above,  and  apj)lied  by 
four  men  and  lour  oxen,  will  extract  from  70  to  80] 
.stumps  per  day.  lis  usefulness  needs  no  comment. 
Tlicre  is  no'.liing  visionary  about  it.  The  expsri- 
nent  has  be  en  (ried  upon  a  large  scale, and  many  a  far- 
mer wiio  heretofore  dreaded  tiie  pme  stump  as  an 
enemy  which  wo\ild  survive  himself  and  annoy  his 
heirs,  now  swings  his  undisturiied  scythe  or  cra- 
dle over  the  strong  ground  which  Ids  fallen  foe  ouce 
occupied. 

Tnr.  ri:AK~,  of  ottkr.  We  copy  from  the  Lyncli- 
burg  Pre:-s  the  following  nice  j^eometrical  caicula- 
lions,  whicii  are  the  resvdl  of  the  unwearied  Indus 
try  and  scientific  character  of  ihs  venerable  .Tkf 
vr.iizos,  then  on  a  v'sii  to  liis  farm  at  Poplar 
Forest,  in  that  nelcrhborhood.  It  is  deliHitfu!  to 
witness  the  <;ercnity  and  flasllcity  of  ll^e  eve  of  a 
v.'ell-sj;ent  life,  as  exemplified  in  the  present  pursuits 
and  habits  of  this  illustrious  reptiblican  philosopher. 


435 
388 
890 

2299 
170 

S040 
388 


8462 


Full  bloods, 
15-16ths, 
7  8ths, 
34-hs,    . 
5-8ths, 
1  2, 
14di, 
Comnioii 

Totrd,      . 
[June  1315.] 


T/ie  British  in  India.  "In  1779,  an  enquiry  took 
pl"ce  betore  the  house  of  commons,  as  to  the  con- 
duct of  the  East  India  Comp  my.  General  IJuigoyne 
was  chairmr*n  of  the  committee.  He  says,  that 
"such  a  scene  of  iniquity,  rapine  and  injustice,  such 
unlicird  of  cruelties,  such  open  violations  of  every 
mle  of  morality,  every  tie  of  religion,  .ind  every 
principle  of  good  government,  was  never  befljre  dis- 
covered; ifHii.  that,  throu;;h  the  wiiole  of  tlie  inves- 
TigHtion,  he  could  not  find  a  single  spal,  wliereon  to 
lay  ills  linger,  it  being  all  equally  one  mass  id"  most 
uuheaid  of  vdhdmes,  and  the  most  notorious  corrup- 
tion." This  passage  occurs  in  the  fir.st  of  more  than. 
300 pages,  all  in  the  s.-itr.e  style.:' 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


179 


Dr.  Richai'd  Price  was  honored  with  the  (iiiinks 
of  th?  city  of  London,  and  present  ed  wjUi  the  free 
doni  of  llial  melropdli^,  in  token  of  approvjl  of  the 
publication  from  v.luch  we  make  the  followinij  ex- 
tract: 

"Turn  your  eyes  to  India:  there  more  has  been 
clone  than  is  now  attempted  in  America:  lliere  Eng- 
lishmen, ucturaed  by  tlip  love  of  jjhin'ier  ^I'd  tiie  spi- 
rit of  conqiies',  liave  dcpojjula'ed  wliol?  kin^-doms. 


cise  :.'f  British  hunnnity;  they  were  almost  all  taken, 
carritd  into  Troviacnce  and  Bermuda,  and  li'eiMily 
stripped  flimsy  be  said,  without  going  too  far,  tli..t 
t.:ev  were  s/r;)i'(// Tiie  little  remnant  of  nropc-r'y  sav- 
ed by  each  fni^itive  from  tiie  ba\  onet  and  tiie  fl:<mes, 
wasconhsc.-ted  by  Ihc  liumanity  of  the  13riti!;l»  iudjj- 
ts!  ev(-n  tlie  ladies' cl'iathiii(?  w.s  of'cn  cx:imi:-,ed,  to 
a  cheihisrf  all  t  hut  appear  d  s  leable  was  ronsi'ierfd 
CJr£:o.     Body  and  bed  linen,  br.^crlets  and  watrhcs. 


sMid,  ">liey  an^  noX  s'j  bad  note."     A  recent  instance 
will  exicibil  the'r  pivsent  character. 

I/ora  J  tn^s  T<>«'nbend,  a  nr.blemin,  son  of  an 
Er.2;!ish  earl,  commander  of  ins  B^-i'annic  mMJ^siv's 
.-hip  .'Fvihis.  captured  the  s!ilp  Am.and:',  of  Phila- 
d'^li)hia,  from  Hn-deMiix  to  this  port,  and  sent  her  to 
H  lif.^x;  n  con>;iderabie  poition  of  liie  carpjo  was  con- 
d=  mned  as  prize,  but  his  lordship,  commamiing  a 
Bri'ish  f  i»;ate.  not  content  with  his  booty,  took  from 
a  mos'  amiable  Hiid  •.ccompli^lled  ]a<iy  ((f  tiii;^  city, 
pissencfr,  a  tiur.k  of  w;'arin,i;  apparel  into  his  own 


)1C- 


and  ruined  millions  of  innocent  ppopi^-,  by  tlie  most    trinkets  and  toys,  were  all  sent  to  auction!   but  it,  is 
infamous    oppression  and  rapacity!     The  justice  of 
the  nation    hafi  slept   over  those  f-normities!     Wdl 
llie  justice  of  Heaven  sleip?     Are  we  not  execraied 
on  botii  sides  the.erlob^?" 

Conquest  of  South  .Ime'ica.  "All  the  mnr  1  rs  and 
desolations  of  the  mos'  pitiless  tyrants  that  everdi- 
verled  themselves  with  tiie  pan~s  an  i  convulsions  of 
iheir  fellow  creatures,  fall  inrinitely  sliort  of  the 
bloody  enormities  committed  by  'he  Sp.nish  nation 
in  the  conquest  of  tbf  new  world! — i  ciiiqupst,  on 
a  low  estimation,  ehected  b\'  the  murder  if  tkn 
MILLIONS  of  the  sp  "IPs!  [Biyan  Edwards'  West- 
Indies,  4'o  v.  1,  p.  8:3. 

[T  .ft  B.iti^h,  in  like  manoer,  destroyed  THiitry 
MILLIONS  in  I'ldi..     En] 

The  Ueanties  of  English  Laiv  are  so  manifest  in 
tlie  followinf,  n^rratlv  ,  as  to  raise  our  admiration  of 
^[agna  Cliarti  ar.d  the  equal  rif^hts  of  En;^ii8'  m^n! 
We  take  it  from  the  Morning  Chronicle  of  October 
24,  1815. 

KiHinq-  nn  .Murder!  W-dnes lay  last,  a  man  nam- 
ed Smi'h.  a  gam-"  keeper,  observed  some  wires  plum- 
ed in  Bisham  Wood,  and  jccordingly  eni^ag-ed  some 
I)ersons  to    assist    him   in    watching    them:    in  the 

■'  ■  ■  ■  h 


course  of  the  evening  a  man  came  to  a  wire,  whicl 
was  near  Smith,  who  immediately  chwUenged  him, 
threatening  to  blow  his  brains  out  if  he  did  not  sur- 
render. The  man,  aslonishefi  at  such  an  unexpect- 
ed sahite,  replie.l,  "my  friend,  be  not  so  hasl},"and 
with  a  stick  pushed  the  muzzle  of  the  guti  on  one 
side,  and  immediately  retreated  a  few  p.xces;  when, 
dreadful  to  relate.  Smith  fired  and  killed  him  on  the 
spot.  A  coroner's  jury  was  summoned,  and  return- 
ed a  verdict  of  jnstijiable  hoin/cide.' 

The  following  statement  is  from  authority: 

"E  rly  on  the  morning  of  W(»  ine«day  l»>t,  n  ]iartv 
of  poachers  were  discovered  by  Mr.  A'ansittarl's 
keeper,  destroying  game  in  Bisham  Woods.  In  con 
sequence  of  tlire-its  having  at  ']if]"erent  times  been 
used  towards  the  keeper,  he  was  afraid  slone  to  i^.t- 
tack  the  party,  ar.  1  went  to  t!',e  village  of  Hishftm 
and  called  two  inen  from  their  beds,  between  3  and 
4  in  the  morning,  to  assist  him  in  <?ecnritig  them. 
The  keeper,  with  his  assistimts,  returned  to  the 
wood,  atul  after  lijying  in  wail  a  short  time,  one  of, 
tiie  po;ichers  was  taken  by  the  lie;:per,  kud  ha.s  since  j 
been  committeil — iinmedialely  *d"  erwm-ds  one  of 
the  ke:-per's  assistants  endeavored 'o  secure  »nolher 
— but  being  unable  to  do  so,  he  being  armed  with  a  Srrr.nE  law^. — From  n  late  Lundon  pupt'V. — Tiie 
bludg'^on  and  refusing  to  surrender,  upon  being  re  OliB.ilv  s  ssionn  concluded  last  m!)rning,  wlrn  r.o 
pe-ltclly  called  iipon  to  do  so,  he  wais  shot  at  and  j  fg^y^j.  ^^1,'sn  iweni\ -five  prisoner9  received  sfiuciice  of 
killed  upon  the  s])ot — a  tliird  made  his  eso.npe.  It  '(i^-th-  sevi.-rd  of  them  were  bo)s.  T!dr'y-cij;!it 
appears  that  the  decfMsed  h.ul  game  in  iiis  posses- i  .^^,g,.jj  spntpncod  lo  transporl;»lion  tiir  sevcti  xe.irs.  Jivt; 
si'ti.  We  are  in'orni -l  that  ih'jnry,  up.)n  <\\  in- j  f(„.  fonrieen  years,  and  a  great  tiuud>ci-  for  various 
quest  held  on  the  bo:ly  of  the  deceaseri,  ii'-ii-red —  periods  of  imorisonment.  Th.e  court  will  sit  agr.in 
seven  b^ing  of  opinion  that  every  endeavor  iiavinj-  the  15th  of  next  month.  Shout.!  Ci-;mes  conVintie  In 
l)een  previously  made,  «nd  that  as  the  deceas'-d  i.)cre<se  as  the\-  have  done  for  so'.ne  t;:  ;  ■,  the 
osild  not  otherwise  be  t:ik"n,  the  shooting  w.iS  j:i.  {court  must  sit  •jernsanent'y. 
tifiihl'.  Tli»  rem  lining  five  for  man>!<u;;ii!fr."    We  | 

tr;!st,  ho-vev?r,  that  the  case  wdl  go  before  .-x  .fury  |  ■  Johm  W;>L::v.-The  c:iar;icter  of  this  ceh-or.ated 
:.»■  the  -seizes— fir  human  lives  ought  not  thus  to  1  man  is -.'mijly  desci.bed  iii  Hie  hdl:.v.-ing  sii. )ri  p  •.- 
be  sacrificed.  (ra;,'-aph: 


CA'^iij,  opened  ti»d pilihq-rdit,  taking  e'. 

tures,  to  ornament  I. is  cabin!  ali  these  acts  were /« 

time  r,f  peace. 

[Tiiere  is  nothing  more  notorious  'h'>n  the  fact 
s'ated  above,  that  the  miserable  fiigi'ives  hum  the 
exterminating  blncks  o\' St.  Domihan,  even  the  hiditi 
— women  of  the  first  consideration  an;l  recently  of 
inmT=nse  fortunes,  were  actually  stripped  by  tlie 
Y;-.ndal  ,1';.'^'//sA,  while  escaping  the  murderous  ne- 
groes. I  say,  -were  fntufh/  stripped,  to  search,  for 
watches  or  any  liitie  iriakels,  the\  might  have  saved, 
10  pmciiase  ore.id  in  a  strange  land!  M;.r,y  at  this 
late  dav,  can  tell  us  tales  of  horror — of  deeds  that 
any  otlier  than  a  brute  (on  two  legs)  would  snppo.se 
a  tiian  incnpalde  of  doing.  But  wc  also,  7ioii<  know, 
tlie  "borj/ii  and  beavlii"—"bnhvarks  uf  religion.'.';" — 
whose  "cup  of  ahoiuinations"  we  trust  is  full,  ^ov^ 
the  vengeance  of  that  heing,  whose  great  attribute 
is  justice  to  the  ofiiinder,  and  mercy  to  his  sulllrinjj 
creatures.] 

Scotch  laws. — From  a  British  pi:per. — The  Scotch 
historians  inform  us  th.at  king  Evan  the  3;!,  of  Scot- 
land, >-.  prince  v/ho,  our  ancient  It-geruls  jiretend, 
reigned  some  yesrs  before  the  birth  of  our  Saviour, 
mad<"  R  law  by  which  it  is  enided,  that  superiors 
should  in«llcase%h»ve  the  first  night  o*' the  biide.'; 
introduced  into  their  lands.  A  right  wiiich  no  doubt, 
our  anc'soris  to'.k  care  to  exeicise.  Tlie  law  seems 
to  hav  beer,  once  actuiilly  made,  and  to  fmvc  com!' 
mted  hns-  in  force  For  it  was  no*  r.-pe,.le.l  unt  il  the 
vl&vs  o^Jfalco/m  Camore.  11^  m  'de  those  first  fruiti--, 
\\\t:  J-hircliel  mu'tieriim,  as  they  are  called,  redeema- 
ble bv  money.  The  pi-i»cise  sum  witii  which  Ihev 
miglil  be  redeemed,  varied  witli  ihsrauknf  t/.e per- 
son. 


BlUTISII  HUMAMTl". 

poor   Fj'cnch  people 


v.-erc 


;iv 


ing 


V  w.as  sai;l  of  the  celebrated  .Toirn  Wcsley^^^hc 
from  St.  Domiugo  •  br'/evs  'S  if  hr  were  to  iie  saved  hyfiith;  a!;d  Uc  !ii' 


-From  lis  .?'!ro-a.—\VUpn  ll;c  i 


iti  live  ye. r  \7D3,  very  few  escaped  feeling  the  exer- 


' />u:-s  as  :f  hi  wore  to  be  savcil  by.  wcfAi},' 


180 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


BniTisn  rATiLTAiMENT. — T'ne  common  p!-ostitiili  m 
of  vlie  mi^ni  )Pi"s  of  he  Untish  pari  ument  is  as  noto- 
rious :is  that  o\'  JMary  ,^nne  Clarke,-  llien-  favors  and 
vo;es  beinjf  ptircltas  d  and  paid  for  wiui  si'e^ter  re 
gularity,  in  .dl  p'obabilit) .  th;«n  tliat  ladtf  received 
tier  pay  of  the  "illustrious"  Frederick  Gvelph.  An 
opi'iion  prevails  t!i  it  the  presen.  ministry  may  b.' 
ousted — in  conseqiienee,  they  h  ive  ad  ire-^sed  the  fol 
lowinj;  circu'-ar  to  their  friends,  honorable  members 
of  p.irl'  'mijnt. 

"Division,  Treasury,  Wednesday,  Jan.  25,  1815. 

"Your  attendance  is  most  f-irnestly  ^nd  most  p  ir- 
ticulirly  r  quested  in  the  House  of  Commons,  on 
ThiM'Siiay,  the  8tli  of  Fehru:irv,  it  being;  confident- 
ly fxp-cted  that  a  division  will  take  place  on  that 
day." 

L<t  the  thinking^  people  of  lite  United  States,  who 
h:*ye  heatd  so  m\ir;ii  of  ilie  wisdom  and  virtut  of 
tiie  Rntisli  jjoventment,  reflect  one  monitnt,  and 
conrind--  how  tlipy  wonlrl  f^steem  our  members  of 
conp;'i'ess,  if  thus  summoned  to  say  aye  or  no! 

Thk  human  hand.  The  finest  E.ivope.ni  lidy 
would  lor)k  wiih  envy  on  viie  b  'auiihd  ^^ymtnetry  and 
d'inly  lit'lenessof  'he  coarsest  h-uid  of  India.  We 
have  s;'en  rtther  a  snnall-ir<ndpd  EuroppMn  attempt 
to  prasp  the  sword  ofthe  late  T.ppoo  Sultan,  which 
WHS  liy  no  means  a  chddish  implem<'nt  as  to  weight 
— he  could  bu"el\  insert  his  three  fingers  into  tiip 
handle;  yef ,  upon  casin.?  himself  in  the  halmet  and 
coat  of  mail  of  tliat  usurper,'  the  w  ight  wouhl  have 
prevented  him  from  walk:nfjan  hundied  yards. 

Critical  lievietv. 

LiTEH^nv.  Prom  a  Fr'^nrh  paper  of  1813. — .K  ve- 
ry splendid  monumr-nt  of  Patisinn  typography  !»as 
been  iecenlly  ronsecr  ted  to  "Ntpnlpon  the  Gre.<t  " 
It  i<  an  fdition  <if  H  )mer,  in  ."l  vols.  (;Te.it  folio,  each 
CO  isisting  of  370  p  •^e'^,  with  the  text  only  from  the 
inosi  magiifi^ent  dress  in  the  universe,  that  of  Bo 
don;  of  Pt'-ma.  Tn^  artist,  employed  six  years  in 
pi-'piriitioMs.  and  '.he  printing  occupi'-d  eifjhteen 
■months.  One  hundiel  -nd  forty  copies  only  were 
Kti'i;ck  off".  Tilt  presented  to  his  impTinl  majesty 
w.^s  itnon  v"Uum,  of  a  size  and  brillinncy  altogether 
unpardieled.  Thf»e\it-ion  is  said,  moreover,  to  pos- 
sess trr"  t  inrinsic  excellence,  h.ivin;;  been  dili_i;ent- 
ly  sup  rini">idod  bv  he  mos"  accomplished  hellenists 
in  Italy,  and  corrected  by  a  comparison  of  all  the 
luost  approv  d  readinp^s  of  the  text 

Italv.  From  an  Eu§-lish  paper  nf  Oct  \^\4!.  The 
excavations  of  Pompei  rf  puisued  with  the  most 
Mnremitiing  zenl  by  liie  Nea])olitoi  government. — 
The  most  recent  discoveries  iiave  been  three  new 
Tn't;;nificeni  tombs,  adorned  wiiii  sculpture,  and  a 
h;  11  whirh  is  siipposed  to  Imve  been  a  court  of  jus- 
tie,  and  winch  isdrcorited  with  a  triple  row  of  co- 
lumns. Bonze  stoV' s  were  ;d.so  found  in 'he  sams 
pt  >C'\  of  'he  most  beautiful  form,  with  a  F.un  and 
Bcchu^  two  f'ret  hiT;),and  v'xqtrisitel\  formed.  Last- 
ly, a  -m  dl  hronz  gi  diator,  precisely  simil.ir  to  thai 
wliich  I!  ■%  alr»  id  been  so  much  idmired,  md  whicii 
is  in  liie  .t'titu  ^  of  suiDplifn  w^  life  from  l!ie  sp,  c- 
tators.  A  short  time  .<i.j(i,  there  was  .ilso  found  .. 
beautiful  silver  v:>s<',  wiiich  S'^^med  to  hive  been 
Tised'n  reli.'ious  wos'iip — it  is  covered  witii  fii^ures 
in  rdi'f,  am!  resemble*;  in  fn-m  that  o^'  the  roy^' 
cabinet  of  Fr  ■  'c  •,  whicW  h:is  be-n  published  by  C  iv 
lus    in  1  dm   Mjrtin.     Thp-e    is  a  ^iii  d   vise  qol". 


'  fj^ 


class 


txurfie':        The   British,  and  esp;  Ci:dly  of  t:K.. 

'vhich  -dits  the  "C.Uical  Review,"  esteem  dl 
ihm'j^s  illeq-itimate  that  do  not  come  into  the  iufalli- 
lie  opinions  md  views  of  such  enlitrhttn  -I  .-nd  hoi-, 
persons  as  tne  prince  r<»P-en f  and  lord  Ciistler-eae-fi,— 


simil  ir  it)  tiie  cabinet  of  the  late  cardinal  Borgia.— 
There  has  been  discovered  in  the  cabinet  of  medals 
ai  Milan,  a  Chinese  work,  published  in  1750,  by  or- 
der of  tiie  einpen^r  Kif^i  Lonj;,  containing  drawings 
of  upwards  of  909  vases,  resembling  those  denomi- 
nated Etruscan.  Several  appear  lo  be  of  very  remote 
antiquity. 

PiiENOMENON.  The  inhabitants  of  Rlaijdon  wit- 
nessed a  rem  likable  phenomenon  on  Siiurda)  sen*- 
ngiit:  about.  4  o'clock  p.  si.  a  quantity  of  hay,  sup* 
posed  to  be  200  weight,  was  caUf,h,  up'in  a  whirl- 
win  t  from  .1  field  in  the  occtipation  of  m  jor  Far- 
rid  ,;e,  whilst  tlie  air  -round  was  p-rfectly  calm, and 
w  s  carrit-d  high  bove  the  clouts  over  Mend;p  hill. 
\  nuTibr-r  of  rooks  and  swdlows  immerliateU  col- 
lecteil  together,  and  dariingup  with  i«nuch  i  hun.or 
among  liie  scatteted  hay,  wrre  seen  pursuing  it  in 
ci'cles  through  the  air. — Liverpool  paper. 

Diamonds.  At  tlie  third  smnud  course  of  lectures 
at  the  Bivmmgham  Phdusopluc'd  Socie'y,  which  clos- 
ed a  short  time  sine,  a  ven  curious  d-scripti<ni  and 
C'itimat'- of  all  the  l;;i'gt' fliamonds,  known  to  be  in 
existence,  were  given  by  M  •  Thomason.  Th"  luim- 
bei  of  known  diamonds  ot  36  co.r  ts  and  upwards, 
he  stited  iQ  be  no  more  than  nineteen,  two  only 
of  which  were  in  EnghmJ,  viz.  the  Pigot  diamond, 
weigiuuvj  45  carats  and  worth  16.000.^' — and  one  in 
the  possession  of  tlv^  Hornsby  familj,  of  36  carats, 
8000=f.  Holland  has  but  one,  which  weighs  56  ca- 
rits,  tind  valued  at  10,368'f — its  form  is  conical,  and 
it  was  for  some  time  in  the  possession  of  Messrs. 
Rnndell  and  Bi  idge,  of  London.  P'rance  has  two — 
the  largest  was  bouglr.  by  thf>  duke  o*' Orleans,  dur- 
mg  his  reg'^ncy,  and  thence  called  the  regent  dia- 
mond— its  wei>.,h'  is  136  1  2  carats,  and  value 
149,;'58i'.  (itrmany  has  on»',  weighing  139  1-2  ea- 
rns, and  in  value  155.682-f.  Russia  is  rich  in  these 
g"ms:  its  largest  is  liiat  of  the  sceptre,  which  is  said 
to  weigh  779  carats.  If  'his  be  true,  it  must  be 
W()rth,  accoifiing  to  the  general  moih*  of  estimating 
them,  the  enormous  sum  o*  4.854,728^. 

Tlie  history  ot  this  diamond  is  rather  curious — for 
a  longtime  it  formed  the  eye  of  an  East  India  idol, 
from  which  post  it  was  removed  by  a  European 
soldier.  From  him  it  passed  through  several  hands, 
<nd  it  was  finally  sold  to  the  empress  Catharine  for 
90,000=£  a  handsom-^  annuity,  and  a  patent  of  nobili- 
ty— Russia  has  several  other.s,  one  of  v,  Lichis  esti- 
mated at  3u9,8u0^. 

.-?  sewmtm^n  notion — n  real  anccdtte.  From  tl'.e  Es- 
sex (N  J.)  Patriot.     During  thi  present  blockade  of 

New-London,  the  eel  br.ited  Dr.  F ,  of  Hartford, 

Conn  made  a  visit  to  the  former  place  with  'lie  view 
wl  ex  mining  tiie  state  of  the  fortifirations,  &.c. — 
While  there,  he  concluded  to  deliver  a  discourse — 
;  crowde.i  au'ti-nce  attended,  principdly  cotrposed 
of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  on  duty  theie  The  Dr. 
W)okfor  his  tex'  "fear  God  and  honor  the  king:" — 
»n  the  com-se  of  his  sermon  he  h.ad  frequent  occasion 
•o  rep  at  the  wotds  of  his  text.  One  of  thf  sailors 
h  longing  to  the  Macedonian  was  observed  to  be 
very  resdess:  at  length,  on  the  Dr.  once  more  re- 
peating the  words  "honor  the  king,"  the  tar  could 
oo  longer  restrain  his  indignation,  supposing  the  Dr. 
alluiied  to  tii  •  kingol  England;  he  rose  up  :,nd  audi- 
dy  exclaimed  "fear  Goci,  and  honor  the  congress-" 
oiit  let  the  kin^^  aloiu;"  at  the  same  time  lookn-.g  ve- 
.y  angrily  at  tlu-  [neacher.  The-  audience  were  n.uch 
igdated,  and  an  orderly  sergeant  stepping  up  to  the 
.<allerv,  ordered  the  sailor  to  be  quiet,  or  he  would 
turn  him  out  of  the  church — the  s.ailor  sternly  re- 
plied "if  the  lubber  says  so  again,  I'll  pull  hire  out 
of  his  bunk." 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILKS'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


181 


SiiTPwrnvCK — Deal,  fEng'J  Dec.  30,  1814. — In 
the  dre:tdful  storm  ol  S-"tii(li\,  .  ve^.^el  c.illed  ilie 
Conception,  bonnd  t'rom  Dii:iiiii  i<>  Wexford,  w  s 
driven  aslH)re,  ;ind  wrecked,  ai  R  lUynifear,  near 
W-xtni'd  harbor.  The  crew  tonk  :o  their  boat,  md 
With  the  exception  of  one  man  ai-owned  reached  the 
shore;  hut  they  lefi  behind  diem,  tasiene  i  in  the 
weather  siirouds,  a  mother  and  x  diughter,  ov  r 
wh«m  the  sea  aeit  furiously,  and  every  inomeiu 
ihrettenei-l  mi  tear  tliem  from  lus.thrir  l'>st  refiij^c. 
A  poor  fishermar>,  n  med  \Vm.  H  .nson,  saw  f;om  tlie 
shore  their  dreadful  situation,  he  coil.-ce  I  som^  of 
the  holdest  o*' his  feUows,  who,  widi  infiiite  iiffi 
culty,  towed  him  towirds  the  wreck,  now  lyinj;,  on 
her  si  le,  and  conseqiKntly  the  mast  idong-  on  thv 
surface  of  the  sea.  On  the  utmost  point  of  th  m-ist 
h"  fastened  himself  (for  his  bo.it  da'f^  not  pproach 
the  hull  of  the  wreck)  .n.l  from  thence  claniberel 
to  th*^  body  of  the  vessel.  Here  a  new  diffictd'V 
arose;  tiie  contest  between  'iie  mother  and  daUp,hter, 
which  should,  by  the  offi  t-ed  aid,  firs'  attempt  the 
shore;  nor  was  it  endeil  till  their  ii^.>ll,int  deliverer 
assured  them  that  he  would  return  I'or  her  who 
should  remain.  He  first  brought  to  ihe  shore  the 
motiier,  and  scarcely  waiting  to  t^ke  breath,  re- 
turned for  the  daughter,  wtiom  he  afterwards, 
through  the  tremendous  surge,  landed  in  safety. 

These  facts  c  in  be  attested  by  the  printer  hereof, 
who  says,  that  he  h  is  known  the  underwriters,  wiien 
any  qu.ntity  of  merchandize  has  been  sived  from  a 
wrrck,  liberally  reward  the  persons  who  h.!ve  ven- 
tured their  lives  on  such  occ-isions.  How  much 
more  is  due  to  him,  who,  throu!;h  tlie  most  imniinrnt 
peril,  has  saved  the  lives  of  two  helpless  femalirb, 
he  submits  to  every  feeling  man,  purticnl.irly  to  those 
concerned  in  cojnmerce,  whose  interest,  as  well  .is 
inclination  bethinks,  is  to  reward  courage  employ- 
ed in  the  cause  of  humanity. 

The  Girtts. — From  the  Alissouri  Gazette. — That 
^vestern  portion  of  Fenniylvania  and  Virginia  bor- 
dering on  theOtiio  has  been  considered  by  the  Indi- 
ans as  a  country  highly  favored  by  Heaven;  covered 
witii  every  kind  of  g.ime,  it  was  not  supposed  tliev 
would  tamely  surrender  their  right  to  the  soil;  but 
wiien  the  whites  commenced  the  settlement  of  west 
ern  Virginia,  (now  K^'iitucky)  the  spirit  ofthesa- 
vage  w.irrior  assumed  an  attitude  of  phrensy  in  ihcir 
attacks,  which  cdled  f«rth  a  corresponding  spirit  to 
repel.  At  this  period,  the  Girtys  with  Siiawinoes, 
DeUwares,  Mingos,  &c.  8ic.  gave  a  new  character  to 
Indian   warfire. 

Old  Girty  was  one  of  those  peasants  who  early 
emif;rated  from  Europe  to  l'ennsylvani;<,  in  pursuit 
of  liberty  and  ease,  hut,  like  many  of  his  fellows,  lie 
Was  incapable  of  enjoying  it,  for  his  hours  wavf  wast- 
ed in  idleness  and  intemp  raiice,  and  he  was  finally 
knocked  on  the  head  by  a  neighboring  boor  who 
bore  off  Mrs.  Girty  as  a  tropliy  of  his  prowess;  he 
had  four  sons,  Tiiomas,  Simon,  (jcorge  snd  James 

George,  Simon  and  J.mes,  were  taken  prisoners 
by  the  Shawanoes,  Delawates  and  Senccas  in  ih.l 
v.'ar  whicli  developed  the  military  talents  of  general 
"Washnn^ton.  George  (the  suppofsed  son  of  colonel 
'J.)  Was  adopted  amongst  the  D^ilawares  and  conti 
Jiued  with  tliem  until  his  deatli;  his  manners  were 
jjerfeclly  Indian,  combining  witii  them  tiie  daring 
intrepidity  (jf  a  frontier  whiteman.  His  bravery  .-it 
tiie  battles  of  Kenhawa,  Blue  L  cks,  and  Sandusky, 
are  yet  spoken  of  by  his  red  brethren;  in  hisl.iHei- 
diys  he  resigned  himself  to  intemp  >rance,  and  died 
drunk  sometime  -'goon  the  Miami  of  tiie  lakes. 

Simon  was  adopted  by  the  Scnecas,  and  became 
as  expert  in  hunting:  as  any  of  them.  His  cliaracfer 
as  related  in  Kentucky  and  Oliio,  "of  keing  a  savage 


unrelenting  monster,"  is  much  exaggerated. — It  is 
rue  thai  he  joined  thi-- Indians  inmost  oftlicir  war 
parties  and  conformci'i  to  their  mode  of  waif  ;re,  but 
it  is  well  authenticated  that  he  has  saved  many  pri- 
soners fiom  (.eath.  And  that  he  was  cojisidered  an 
iionest  m.tt),  paying  his  debts  to  the  l.;st  cent,  and  it 
is  known  that  he  has  sold  his  only  horsft  to  discharge 
a  i'.laim  agiins'  ium.  It  is  true  that  lie  wcin  a  p? rf  ct 
I:iwi an  in  ins  m.mners,  that  his  utmost  fel  city  was 
centered  m  a  keg  of  rum,  and  that  he  was  -busive 
to  all  around  him,  even  to  iiis  best  friends.  Yet  we 
must  recollect  that  his  educttion  was  barbarous, 
and  iht  nun  is  more  'pt  to  sink  into  b  rbirism 
th  in  he  is  to  .cqtiire  the  h'bits  of  civilized  life. 

For  tlif  last  len  ye.irs  he  h  id  been  crippled  by 
rn.-um.ttism,  vet  he  rode  to  his  hunting  grounds  in 
pu'-suit  of  gime,  and  would  boast  that  he  preserved 
a  Wirlke  spud  in  the  midst  of  bodily  pain,  and 
would  ofleti  exoldm,  "may  I  breathe  my  last  in  the 
fiel  1  of  b  rtile  "  In  this  Wish  Simon  has  been  gra- 
'ified;  for  in  the  ba'tk  of  the  .Moravi^m  towns,  on 
the  river  Thames,  he  was  cut  to  pieces  by  colonel 
JofHn-^on's  mounted  men. 

J.»mes  G'rty  was  adopted  by  the  Sliaw,'>noPs,  and 
bec.ime  lO  exper'  hunter,  and  imbibed  as  he  irrived 
to  m  mhood  the  sanguin.ry  spirit  of  the  most  fero- 
cious s. vage  with  the  vicious  habits  of  the  while.men 
whom  he  associated  with 

I  is  s.udthai  he  join -d  the  Indians  in  all  their 
•ittick-i  on  th- first  settlers  of  Kentuck>;  neitlier  age 
nor  sex  were  spared  at  his  hand,  and  it  was  his  bo  ist, 
.dtlioiigh  un-ibleto  walk  from  rheimTitism  and  other 
iiseases,  that  neither  women  or  children  ever  escap- 
e  i  the  lom  hawk,  if  he  got  within  reach  of  them. 
Trailers  who  are  acquainted  with  him  say,  that  he 
never  turned  on  his  heel  to  save  a  wreich.ed  prisoner 
from  ti)e  torments  of  the  fire,  but  would  rather  in- 
struct the  Inlims  in  ncv/  und  more  refined  torture. 

To  this  ru'hless  tiger  may  be  justly  attributed 
most  of  the  harbarities  said  to  be  perpetrated  by  his 
brother  Simon.  With  Elliot  and  Proctor,  James 
Girty  was  caressed;  for  geni  d  souls  ever  mingle  in 
sentiment. 

F  ir  the  above  bingoaphical  sketcit,  we  are  indebt- 
ed to  a  gentleman  of  tliis  filace,  po.ssessing  snjii-rior 
information  in  matters  lelating  to  Indian  affairs,  &c 

I'olccmo  at  Java. — A  l?tter  from  the  island  oi'Java 
dated  the  3  th  of  M  ly  iksi,  savs.  "A  few  da_\s  since 
a  dreadful  volcanic  eiupti'^n  took  pl.ice  in  the  island 
of  S.imbaroa,  to  the  eastward,  which  lu.s  i.>ecn  at- 
tended with  the  most  destrudive  consequences. — 
Al  Sourab  lya  tlie  atmosphere  was  in  entire  darkness 
for  two  (lavs,  so  as  to  give  the  appearance  of  mid- 
night. At  this  plic^,  which  is  a  consideraiilc  dis- 
tance, the  ashes  iliscliarged  from  the  ci'aier  fell  iu 
heaps.  The  noise  proiiured  from  this  awful  visita- 
tion is  hevond  descri;)tioii,  and  caused  a  sensation 
among  the  inh  d'.itaiUs  peciili.-ir!y  afflicting.  'J'he  sea 
rose  six  feet  iljove  its  ordinary  level,  almost  instanta- 
n.eously  causing  the  des'.itictiivi  of  mny  lives,  and 
also  vessels.  In  short  the  dam  .ge  susi'iined  liis  been 
excer-dmgly  grc't,  ''nd  moiy  \^  iio  were  in  afTioence 
!)sfore  this  dreuUul  catastroplK'  took  place,  are  re- 
duced to  tlie  greatest   dislicss." 

A  iiKROiKK. —  Frnin  n  late  niolon  pnfier. — In  the 
obituary  notice  of  the  ceiehrated  Dr.  LKTTsor-r,  who 
died  lateh'  in  I^ondoii,  his  labors  in  dif'nsing  the 
blessings  of  vaccination  are  mentioncil  to  his  honor, 
and  jiisih' SO;  I>ut  let  us  not  omit  the  merit  fif  those 
of  our  own  countr), especially  a  mo5t  worthy  I.APr,* 
whose  recent  death  has  filled  the  liearls  of  iur  nu- 
m  roos  acquaintance  with  no  common  sorrow. 

""•Mrs.  Ehz'ibeth  Vr.  Wa'.erhouse. 


82 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


This  excellent  woirmn  diil  more  in  establishing  the 
credit  oK  llie  A'ine  I'ox  Inondation  in  America,  th.m 
is  g-e:ierally  known  beyond  the  neighbors  of  Hoston 
and  Cambridge.  Every  body  must  remember  that 
when  vaccinaiion  was  striiggding  on  to  establish  it- 
self iiere,  iht-re  were  more  peojile  by  f:ir,  who  dis- 
believed its  efiicicy  in  preventing  small  pox,  than 
there  were  wlio  had  confidence  in  its  power.  M  my 
strong  facts  and  specious  arguments  w?re,  besure, 
advanced  by  the  physi:cian  who  first  introduced  the 
Kiiie  Pock  inoculation  in  America,  but  the /too/ of 
its  safety  Tiwl preventive  power,  was  wanting  in  lids 
country.  Even  those  who  so  far  believed  in  it  as  to 
be  iO'DCuluted  theinseives,  did  not  feel  such  entire 
confidence  in  this  yet  untried  practice  as  to  venture 
in  among  small  pox;  for  it  should  be  remembered 
that  very  few  persons  indeed  had  yet  undergone  the 
operation  in  London,  at  the  early  period  now  allud- 
ed to. 

In  this  delicate  state  of  early  vaccination  did  the 
lady,  the  subject  of  this  memorial,  step  forward 
and  voluntarMy  off.;red  to  go  with  her  four  children 
into  the  small  pox  hospital  at  Brooklyn.  Tiiese  chil- 
dren were,  from  seven  years  old,  to  an  infant  in  arms. 
♦'Tiie  first  step  is  every  thing;"  and  it  always  re- 
quires the  most  fortitude.  The  exposure  other 
ciiildren  to  small  pox  inoculation,  was  but  :ui  or- 
dinary trial;  but  the  ridicule,  the  derision,  the  ab- 
solute disgrace  that  would  infallibly  have  b-en  en- 
tailed on  her  family,  had  ihey  not  resisted  the  small 
pox,  afier  they  had  been  declared  to  h  we  undergone 
the  kniepock,  constituted,  at  lids  early  period  q\'  ihe 
new  moculntion  a  ifer/'or  almost  equal  to  death:  yet 
did  this  heroic  wom:ui  encounter  it,  amidst  the  gloo- 
TT'y  predictions  of  all  around  her,  for  at  tint  time 
persons  were  with  her  in  the  hospital  under  the  old 
inoculation. 

During  the  ten  days,  wliich  tliis  lady  spent  at  the 
small  pox  hospital,  wiJh  \\m'  children,  there  were 
twenty  houi's  spent  in  agony  and  suspense  not  easily 
to  be  described;  and  which  she  often  mentioned  as 
the  most  trying  and  anxious  that  a  mother,  a  wi'e, 
and  a  woman  co/ild  imdfrrgo.  It  shovild  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  celebrated  small  pox  inoculator,  who 
was  then  trying  to  communicate  the  small  pox  to 
Iter  children,  would  lose  a  very  hanJsome  annua!  in- 
come if  they  escaped  inff-ction;  on  tiie  other  hand, 
the  lad\',  her  farnily,  and  Iier  nearest  connexions 
would  sink  in  the  public  estimation  if  Iter  children, 
aficrall  thathsd  been  said  and  done,  should  not  re- 
.sist  t!ie  smnll  pox.  A  ntore  ti-ying  situation  can 
hardly  be  imagined.  15ut  thanks  to  heaven!  the  cause 
of  humanity  triumphed,  and  all  the  children  resist- 
ed all  the  efforts  to  infect  them. 

The  feelings  of  the  parlies  immediately  concerned 
can  be  easier  conceived  than  described.  Suffice  it 
to  say  tiiat  from  tliat  moment  the  protecting  efficacy 
4jf  th-e  k'.ne  pock  inoculati(>n  was  forever  establisli- 
ed  in  Anierlca,  in  'die  opinion  of  a  celebrated  sm;dl 
pox  inoculator,  wliose  interest  was  the  other  way, 
and  this  lirst  and  decisive  proof  of  its  wonderful 
power,  was  perfected  by  the  praiseworthy  fortitude 
of  a  female.  Tiie  after  trials  and  tests  at  Noddies 
island,  and  other  places  were  nothing  coinpared  with 
\\\\s  Jirat  step. 

Tn  the  history  of  American  vaccination  by  Dr.  Wa- 
terhonse,  this  anecdote,  was  througii  delicac}' touch 
ed  out  slightly;  it  iiev.r'lieless  was  the  most  impiiit- 
ant  experiment  made  in  ,\nierica  relative  to  vticci- 
n.ation,  considering  its  very  early  ipei-iod.  Eight  or 
nine  \'ears  in  succession  were  the  same  ciiildren  test- 
ed with  the  small  pox  to  do  away  the  mischievous 
notion,  that  t'le  kiiie  pox  would  pi-eterve  tlie  con- 
stitution oniv  for  a  limited  tin.ie.     NcVcr  was  there 


so  beneficial  a  discovery  in  the  annals  of  medicine, 
nor  any  experiment  more  open,  fair  and  decisive. 

This  anecdote  is  worthy  to  be  recorded  in  the  Cen- 
tinel,  because  that  paper  early  devoted  its  columns 
to  thecnuse  of  vaccination;  and  it  is  equ.dly  proper 
to  be  the  vehicle  of  preserving  the  memory  of  a  la- 
d}-  whose  v.'iiole  life  was  one  brigiit  commentary  on 
■dl  the  female  virtues. 

Foot  noT  in  sheep. — The  following  recipe  is  co- 
pied from  the  Belfast  Commercial  Chronicle.  It  fur- 
nishes important  information  to  the  American  agri- 
culturist. 

Foot-rot  in  sheep. — A  gentleman  attached  to  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  being  lately  in  Hcdland,  purchas- 
ed from  the  shepherd  of  the  count  de  Rosenberg, 
near  the  Hiigue,  the  following  recipe  for  curing  the 
Foot-rot  in  slieep: 

RECIPE. 
G(dd  leaf  2  ounces 

Verdigris  6     do. 

Vitriol  3      do. 

Burnt  allum  3      do. 

All  to  be  pounded  and  reduced  to  a  fine  powder, 
and  afterwards  to  be  boiled  in  a  poimd  and  a  half  of 
ordinary  honey.  It  is  to  be  used  cold,  the  foot  to 
be  anointed  as  soon  as  the  malady  is  discovered,  and 
once  a  day  if  it  has  lasted  any  time.  It  has  never 
been  found  to  fail  even  with  the  merinoes,  so  liable 
to  that  disorder. 

Ni:w  PATENT  WATKit  wiiEEi — Covcord,  J\\  If.  Sep- 
tember 5. — The  re  acting-  -water  -wheel,  lately  invented 
and  put  in  operation  by  Samuel  Jlorcy,  esq.  of  Ox- 
ford,  is  likely  to  supercede  .tny  other  now  in  use. — 
-Many  mill  owners  have  laid  aside  their  tub  wheels, 
and  are  getting  this  kind.  The  advantages  are,  that 
the  first  cost  is  about  one-third  as  much  as  their  tub 
wheel;  they  take  up  very  little  room,  and  require 
not  more  than  one  half  the  quantity  of  water,  while 
they  do  much  more  work  than  the  tub.  The  floats 
are  m.ade  of  lh>ck  sheet  iron,  and  the  repairs  cannot 
be  any  thing  for  many  years.  They  will  go  in  back 
water  better  than  any  other  wheel.  The  water  pass- 
es through  the  wheel  in  such  a  manner  as  to  re-act 
on  the  opposite  floats,  and  actually  operates  on  eve- 
ry float  at  the  same  time.  The  effect  is  really  asto- 
nishing to  every  beholder.  Hundreds  of  peopL^  have 
seen  these  effect.s,  and  nothing  of  the  kind  has  excit- 
ed so  much  attention  in  the  csuntry,  considering  how 
recently  the  invention  lias  been  known. 

The  patentee,  willing  to  put  the  right  of  tising 
this  wheel  within  the  reach  of  every  one,  has,  (for 
the  present)  fixed  the  price  at  twenty -five  dollars. 

On  the  capacity  of  Steam  Boats. — Mr.  Dodd,  the 
engineer,  in  his  examin;ition  by  a  CDinmiltee  o?  th.e 
house  of  commons,  who  were  enquiring  into  tlie  most 
expeditious,  and  the  safest  mode  of  con^•eying  the 
mail  to  Dublin,  g.'ve  tlie  following  accoiuit: 

He  hadju.st  irrivedin  London,  after  pcrfoi'ming  a 
voyigo  from  (il..sgow  in  a  s'carn  boat;  liiuing  tjie 
voy;)ge  iie  ex;jericnced  some  exiremely  hesvy  gMles 
of  Wind  and  high  sea.s,  and  found  her  more  sei>-wor- 
tliy  than  any  vessel  lie  had  ever  been  in,  being  fully 
c.'cpuiile  of  going  head  to  v.'ind  in  violent  g.des  and 
over  hig!i  se:is.  He  ran  inio  Duiiliu  against  wind  and 
tide,  and  a  very  cn;i:-idc'r;.ibl  sci,  an  ;  beat  tlie  mail  in- 
to VVextord,  by  about  three  houis.  In  •Mil!()rr|.Ii,.ven, 
lie  ran  round  the  Watcrford  packet  two  or  three 
times  wl)ii-t  she  was  on  her  cour.Ke,  and  he  writing 
a  letter  to  Dtiblin.  Tltis  voyage  demon.Ktra'ed  tiiat 
!ite;im  engines  are  applied  to  prnpel  ves.'iels  at  sea  in 
.:li  kinds  of  weather;  til  at  tl'.cy  have  the  peculiar  ad-. 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILE3'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


18S 


vantage  of  going  against  winds  and  tides  and  in  a 
calm,  ^vhsn  unDlher  vessel  could  not  nt  all  proceed, 
would  go  at  the  rate  of  from  seven  to  nine  knots  per 
liour;  ilify  :ire  n^ore  secure  than  vessels  wiili  sails,  as 
they  cannot  be  lost  on  a  lee-shore.  Whde  this  ves- 
sel wasofFPort  P.Urick,  in  Scollan.l,  ii  blew  a  com 
plete  g;ile  1)1'  wind,  and  Mr.  D>dd  found  her  to  go 
upwap'.s  of  three  knots  and  a  halt  over  the  sea,  and 
directly  ag;\inst  the  wind;  during  a  voyage  of  one 
thousand  -.nd  five  hundred  miles,  she  passed  every 
sail  'iha  cam';  up  wiih  on  the  ocean. 

The  burthen  ol  tins  vessel,  wliicli  is  called  the 
Thames^  is  upwards  of  72  tons,  and  draws  from  4  to 
4- teet  six  of  water,  with  passengers  on  board.  The 
engni3  is  fourteen  horses  power,  and  upon  an  average 
requires  a   ton  of  coals  to  work  an  hundred  miles. 

\^  London  pa  per. 

.i  si'igiilar  act  of  bravery  aiid presence  of  mind. — In 
the  time  of  the  revolutionxry  war,  on  the  6di  oi  Oc- 
tober, 1777,  when  fort  Monlgomery,  on  the  Hud- 
son river,  was  invested  by  the  British  troops,  and 
afterv.'irds  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day  cai-ried 
by  storm — general  Gmpbell,  who  had  command  of 
the  assualt,  iiad,  in  tiie  course  of  the  afternoon,  sens 
in  a  flag,  dsmauding  the  siu-render  of  the  fort,  u[)oi. 
certain  terms;  and  that  if  the  Americans  did  not 
comply,  every  man  who  should  be  found  in  the  place 
in  the  event  of  a  final  surrender,  slioidd  be  put  to 
the  sword.  The  reply  of  t!ie  veieran  governor,  G--orge 
Clinton,  who  commanded  the  fort,  wa.s  to  this  efleci : 
that,  if  they  took  tiie  fort,  they  should  buy  it;  whicli 
they  accordingly  did,  and  dearly  too.*  General 
Campbell  after  tv/o  vain  attempts  to  carry  tiie  place, 
made  a  third  and  successful  one,  under  cover  of  tin. 
smoke  of  the  battle,  and  dusk  of  tlie  evening,  having 
previously  given  orders  to  his  column  to  make  but 
one  fire,  wluch  was  to  be  aimed  principally  at  Uit 
artillerymen,  to  dislodge  ttiem  from  tlieir  rieces,  and 
then  avail  themselves  of  the  embrasures,  being  the 
most  convenient  places  through  which  to  rush  into 
ihe  fort.  A  serge mt  of  ai-lillery,  aciiiig  as  gimner  to 
a  9  pounder  in  the  west  redoubt,  which  piece  was  at 
that  instant  loaded  with  cannisler  siiot,  was  in  the 
act  of  clapping  fire  to  it,  when  he  received  a  ball  in 
the  right  arm;  the  lin-stock  fell  to  the  platform;  he 
took  it  \i\)  witii  his  left  han  1,  and  discharged  the 
piece;  by  v.  hich  fire,  general  Campbirll  and  a  ver\ 
considerable  number  ui  his  men  were  killed — the} 
being  in  solid  column. 

In  consequence  of  general  CKm])bcli's  fall,  tin- 
command  dovolved  on  general  Robertson,  who  nor 
only  gave  c[uarter,  but  acted  v.'ith  considerable  hu- 
maiuty  tow.irds  the  prisoners,  which,  as  we  were 
afterwards  informed  by  deserters,  would  not  have 
been  the  case  had  Campbell  survived,  as  he  was 
heard  to  say,  that  he  was  determined  to  put  liis 
threat  into  execution.  Our  informant,  wlio  resides 
inthisto.vn  (P.aterson)  vvfty  an  eve  witness  to  ih' 
above  transaction. — Palteron,  fJW  J.J  JJee. 

EcoxDMT  OF  FUEL. — An  experiment  on  this  subject 
lias  lately  been  m  ide  witli  the  most  complete  success 
at  the  P!it„psco  Cotton  I'Vctory,  near  JJcltimore.  Tiie 
person  who  has  Uie  nianagemeiii.  of  this  concern,  hav- 
ing I. ist  winter  failed  in  prorlucing  the  nscessaiy  dc 
gree  of  heat  ui  so  I.u-ge  a  building,  even  at  an  er.or 
mous  expenditure  of  fuel,  and  wishing  to  avoid  tiifr 
exnc.ice  of  aste'-m  -ipparilns,  Hjjplii'd  lo  Mr.  INfii.Ls, 


*It  was  acknowledged  in  Itivingston's  Uoyi-I  Ga- 
zette, published  in  New  York,  lliat  the  nr;t,ish  loss 
'was  upwards  of  seven  hundred  kdled  and  wounded, 
when  the  V.  hole  A:ii£ric;-n  force  in  the  fort,  at  l!ie 
xiomnienceincr.t  «f  the  assault,  did  not  exceed  five 
htnulred  mer.. 


the  architect  of  the  Washington  Monument-,  to  re- 
move the  difficulty.  The  plan  proposed  by  Mr. 
-Miil's  appearing  to  possess  the  requisites  demanded, 
VIZ.  a  sufficient  quantity  of  heat,  perfect  safety,  and 
ecf>nomy  ;  it  was  determined  to  make  the  experiment 
— The  house  required  to  be  heated  is  100  feet  long, 
40  fieet  wide,  and  60  feet  high,  making  240,0C0  cu- 
b.cfcet.  The  furnace  is  placed  against  one  side  of 
the  building.  The  fireplace  opens  without — At  3 
o'clock  in  lite  morning  the  fire  is  iiglited — at  about 
6  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  wood  is  nearly  carbonat- 
ed when  the  registei-  is  let  down,  and  during  tr.e 
whole  day  an  agreeable  and  wholesome  heat  is  pro- 
duced, wliich  is  perfectly  under  the  control  of  the 
superintendant,  who  can  increase  or  diminish  the 
quiiitity  ot  heat  in  each  room  at  his  pleasure.  At  8 
o'clock  in  the  evening  a  small  fire  is  made  which  keeps 
up  the  hfcatuiiiil  3  o'alock,  when  the  same  operation 
is  repeated.  By  acvu:d  experiment  made  during  the 
coldest  weather  this  season,  not  more  than  one-eigiuh 
of  a  cord  of  dry  oak  wood  was  consumed  in  the  24 
hours,  and  the  rooms  were  at  no  time  under  the  tem- 
peratuie  of  70  degrees  of  Far.  Last  v.-inter  one 
cord  per  day  was  consumed  with  not  I  4i.h  the  efiect. 
The  furnace  being  almost  entirely  composed  of  soap 
stone  and  brick,  and  the  fiues  of  the  latter  material 
— and  pure  atmospheric  air  being  the  agent  emjjloy- 
eti  in  convening  the  heat,  no  unwholes<ur.e  or  dis;;- 
greeable  smell  is  pioduced;  and  what  is  cf  infinite 
importance  the  heat  is  equally  uiiTused  through  eacU 
room  ;  the  ro(!m  belugas  warm  50  ieet  distant  frciri 
the  flue  as  within  10  feet  of  it — and  instead  of  cold 
air  rushing  in  through  any  crevices  which  may  he  in 
the  doors  and  windows,  warm  air  rushes  out.  Xone 
of  that  disagreeable  teeling  is  produced  which  is 
ustial  in  open  fire-places,  where  in  cold  weather  (as 
is  com.monly  said)  your  h.ick  is  freezing  while  youf 
face  is  burning.  On  the  contrary  you  feel  in  tlie  fac- 
tory the  mild  temperature  of  May.  To  place  the 
matter  in  r  clear  iioinl  of  view,  we  subjoin  the  iul- 
lov.'ing  .statement — 

A  steam  apparatus  suflicient  to  heat  the  coltim.n  of 
ail-  in  the  Paiapsco  factoiy  will  cost  at  least  goOOO 
Cost  of  the  furnace.  Hues,  &c.  700 


Difference  in  fiivor  of  the  furnaces,  ^2300 

Fuel  necessary  for  the  steam   apparatus,  6-' 

cords  per  week,  at  4  dollars,  §26  00 

Piiel  necessary  fiir  the  air  furnace,  by  actual 

experiment,  1  cord  per  week,  4  00 


Saved  per  week  by  the  air  furnace  §22  00 

Mr.  .Mills  slates  that  iiis  plan  can  wi<h  facility  be 
adapted  to  any  sort  of  large  buildings  where  he.it  is 
required,  as  also  to  dwelling  houses  ;  and  that  the 
result  as  to  saving  and  comh-rt  will  be  tliessme.  V%. 
firm  impression  that  the  public  iitay  be  benefi'ted, 
and  a  desire  that  tlie  mtjrits  of  this  most  dt'servlng- 
and  modest  individual  may  \>c  more  generally  kitovvii, 
is  the  s(de  object  of  the  writer  in  njaklng  lids  com- 
munication.— Ftd.  Gax. 

From  the  Delaivare  Gazette. 
"Aristides  and  PLim.Cato  unri  Tiilolson." 
For  tlie  following  corues  of  le'ters  we  are  itidebt- 
led  to  A  fri::nd,  ik  o  wliose   iiands  they  fell,  dttring 
a  late  peregrination  into  the  coiiniry  : 

Cojitj  of  ii  li'f!er  addressed  bt/ ,   fo  Thoma.i 

.Jrjfr-rson..  d':'rd 29lh,  Hl.'t  wo.  181;."!. 
fjnUcnwdfi  tend  T/iovtas  .J'f/ersuii — I  luve  'i)r  y8;ivs 
felt,  at  times,  iiU'ection  towards  tiice,  v.  itii  a  wish 
[for  thy  salvation:  to  wit,  the  attainment,  while  on 
I  this  stage  of  liirie,  (m  'he  natur.al  body)  of  a  siilta- 
|b!e  povtiop.cf  divir.iJif,:,  for  otii.^'Wise  wek'.ti.w  lit- 


184 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER- SCRAPS. 


tie  more  than  the  life  of  nature,  and    lierein,  arc  m 
danfft-r  of  b-'commg  inferior  lo  ihf  bju.vb  which  pe 
rish'.  in  consequ-  i>ce  of  declining  lUe  off  is  of  divmc 
life  m.ide  lo  every  ration  1  being. 

B  \i  I  hivc  longliad  better  hopes  of  thee  .i\)d  have 
thoni;-ht  (particub:ly  inour  Uule  quiet  mLelingjes- 
tcriuy)  tn  .t  thou  hast  been  fiithfnl  (at  leusi)  ovtr 
a  Sew  l!iini,'s,  and  wish  'hon  nnyesi  oeonie  rul^r 
over  more,'  ;ok1  entei  into  the  joy  <d'  our  Loim,  unu 
unto  his  rest  ;  and  it  occm-red  in  or.ier  t litre' o,  that 
we  should  become  Chris'ains,  for  he  iliai  h.>ih  iK.t 
the  spirit  of  Ciuist,  is  none  of  hin,  md  this  know- 
ledge  :indOelivf  is,  1  ll.ink,  strongly  insisteu  on  by 
div!^rs  of  tlie  ..posvies,  wisohMd  personally  seen,  iM^i 
were  eve  witnesses  to  his  mujesiy,  p.iiKul..l>  n. 
tiie  mount,  and  othat's  who  had  not  tint  m  v.ew 
which,  however,  wis  insufficient  to  pertecr  them,  Mud 
and  was  to  be  taken  uw  .y,  that  tiiey  nni,ht  oe  more 
eff-cluallv  turned  to  that  spirit,  whicn  lenaeth  int.; 
all  futh.'wh!S2  power  alone  is  <ble  to  r-iuce  the 
spirits  of  nature  'o  suitable  silence  anti  submission. 
Tliy  friend, 

Jiel'lif  by  Thomas  Jefferson. 

Sin— I  have  duly  r-ceived  your  i'avor,  of  August  29, 
and  am  sensible  of  the  kind  inteniions  from  wii.ch  it 
■flow=,  and  truly  th.nktul  for  them,  tlu-  more  so  ■  s 
t'i°y  could  only  be  the  result  of  a  favorable  eslimaie 
of"mv  public  course— as  much  devoted  fo  study  :«s  a 
faithful  iransaction  of  tlie  trust  commuted  tome 
would  permit. 

Xo  subject  has  occupied  more  of  my  consideration, 
than  our 'relations  with  all  the  Lein-s  aiowua  us,  oni- 
duties  to  tliem,  and  our  future  prospects.  At  ei 
hearing  all  which,  probably,  can  be  su^jKestea  con- 
r.-rninp-  them,  I  h^ve  formed  the  besi  judgrnen'.  I 
could,'''as  to  tiie  course  they  prescribe,  ;-.na  in  tue 
due  observance  of  that  course,  I  h.:ve  no  reflections 
which  ffive  me  uneasiness.  An  eloquent  preadierot 
your  religious  society,  Richard  Mott,  in  a  Uistourse 
of  much  unction  and  pathos,  is  said  to  have  exciaim- 
ed  aloud  to  his  congregation,  that,  "he  did  not  be 
lieve  there  was  a  quaker,  presbytenm,  m-lhodist  o. 
baptist  in  Heaven."  H;.vlng  p-.used  to  give  hi,  con- 
ffresration  lime  to  stare  and  to  wonder,  he  added, 
that 'in  Heaven,  God  knows  no  distinction,  but  con- 
sidered all  good  men  as  his  children  and  biediren  o\ 

the  same  family."  ,,,.11 

1  believe  with  the  quaker  preacher,  that  he  wlio 
observes  these  moral  precepts,  in  which  «il  religions 
conctir,  will  never  be  questioned  at  the  gates  of  H.-a- 
ven  as  to  the  dogmas  in  which  all  differ  :  that,  on 
entering  there,  all  these  are  left  behind  us,  and  the- 
Aristides,  and  Calos,  the  Penns  and  Tillotsons, 
riresbylerians  and  papist?,  will  find  themselves  unite.  1 
in  all  die  prmcipks  which  arc  in  eonct-rl  with  tlie  Su- 
preme mind— Oi  all  the  systems  of  morality,  aiicieni 
or  modern,  wiiich  have  come  under  my  observation, 
none  appears  to  me  so  pure  as  that  ot  Jesus.  He  who 
follows  this  steadily,  need  not,  I  think,  be  unea.sy, 
allhough  he  cannot'  compreiiend  the  subtleties  ana 
mysteries  erected  on  his  doctrines  by  those,  wlio, 
CiUiiig  themselves  his  special  followers  and  tavonte.s, 
would  make  lum  come  into  Ua»  world  to  lay  sn  .res 
for  all  understandings  but  theirs.  Their  mptaphysi- 
cil  heads,  usurping'the  judi^ment  seat  of  God,  de- 
nounce as  his  enemies  ■A\  wlio  canr..n  perceive  the  geo 
metrical  logic  of  Euclid,  in  the  demonstrations  ot  St. 
Anthanasius,  th  it  three  are  one,  and  one  three. 

lii  all  essential  points,  you  and  I  are  of  the  same 
rcln;ion,  avid  1  am  too  old  to  go  into  the  unessentials. 
llepjating,  therefore,  my  liiankfulness  for  the  kind 
concern  vou  have  been  .so  good  as  to  .  xpress,  1  salute 
vou  witli  friendship  nnd  brotherly  lov  . 

TU.  JEFFEUSON, 
Mwtkslio.  Settt,  13,  iSil. 


emavhablt:  Preservation.  A  very  surprising  in^ 
s'aiice  O'  :em  d  ".our  ge  md  forlitudi-  l.itely  occur- 
red in  Lyndeiiorough,  111  this  state,  the  particulars  of 
winch  were  neai  1\  as  follows: 

A  Mrs.  Crjm  of  thai  town,  having  missed  two 
chihiren  (one  about  5,  the  other  two  years  of  age) 
from    the    house,  after  a   fruitless  searcii   for   'iiem 

round  it,  wis  providentially  led  to  locdt  into  trie 
w  11,  where  she  discovered  her  infants,  one  ly.ng  on 
its  b:ck  partly  on  the  surface  of  .he  water,  the  o'iier 
with  its  head  above  ihe  surface,  supporting  itsflf  by 

he  wall.  The  fflings  of  a  mo  Iter  were  aroused 
— no  a^'sis'ance  w-.s  near,  nor  a  moment  lo  be  lost 
in  hesit  .lion.  She  instantly  descended  the  well, 
c  "1^lll  up  her  inf;«nls,  ana  ascended  a  few  feet. — 
Here  slie  remined  lill  an  elder  child  called  a  bro- 
■her  from  a  Utile  distance,  who  succeedt  d  in  de- 
scendiii;^-  and  ascending  wilh  one  child,  'nd  die 
couitgeous  moliier  liad  stdl  sufticient  fortitude  >o 

nable  her  lo  reg  dn  ihe  mouth  of  the  weil  with  iie 
odicr.  Happiiy,  neither  p  rent  nor  chiUiien  sus- 
tained any  injury,  txrept  one  of  the  l.ilier  bjing 
••'Xcessively  chilled.  The  well  wiis  founo  by  admea- 
-uremrnt  10  be  30  feet  de.-p,  and  10  feet  wat>r. — 
Toe  •Jsionish'^d  pHreiiii;  m.initesl''d  their  gratitude 
iiy  a  public  •loknowledgmeni  to  Almiglity  God,  who 
had  so  mei'Cifull}  ripp(^tr;-d  for  them  in  the  hour  of 
danger.—  .A'eia  Huinpuhire  Patriot. 

Cutting  a  chiUVs  throat  to  save  its  life. — This, 
Miougii  exii-  iordin  ry,  is  Kteridh  true;  a  fine  bnv,  die 
non  of  -Mr  Peter  O'H'-ien,  ship  chandler,  of  this  ci- 
tv,  about  t!ie  age  of  *bur  je.irs,  plnying  with  some 
of  the  inipienitiiis  used  in  his  f.ilhi-r's  business,  c-n- 
t.inglefi  himseif  upon  a  hook,  whiclip'ssed  through 
his  win  Ipip-  ;  he  remained  in  I'nis  state,  suspended 
t'oi  a  few  seconds,  when  extric. led  from  it,  by  his 
parent.  T.k-  air  which  ru.shed  from  his  lungs,  pass- 
ed into  the  .-.perture  m;  de  by  the  instrum  nt,  and 
per\ ailed  the  entire  of  his  framf  (after  the  manner 
in  which  butchers  blow  meal)  p'uticul.irly  ;h;'hrad, 
so  as  to  oblittrate  Ids  features  -Itogether.  Surgeon 
Wilkinson,  being  called  in,  found  him  in  this  slate, 
fell  it  nece.ssary  to  ni..ke  a  free  op.  nirg  llirough  the 
winiiplpe,  in  order  t»  allow  of  respiration.  Ht- per- 
firnidthis  exrioroiuari  operation  with  his  usual 
succes.s — the  expr  dieni  completel)  suceeded.  The 
boy  bri^athed  Ibrcugh  the  aper'ure  -md  to  tli:-  inex- 
pressible joy  of  its  parents,  was  shortly  t'bl?  to 
swallow  soni?  drink.  The  tumefaction  of  tlie  body 
and  head  was  then  relieved  by  making  puncttires  for 
tiie  air  to  obtain  vent,  and  a  gridu^l,  .and  we  m  ly 
now  say  from  our  own  observation,  a  most  perfect 
and  complete  recovery  has  been  the  con^rqu-rc". 

Limerick  E.  Post, 


Commencement  of  the  slave-trade — In  1434,  a  Por- 
tuguese captain,  "n  tmed  Alouz..  Gonz  les,  having 
doubled  cpe  Bovador,  landed  in  Guinea  and  car- 
ried off  some  lids,  whom  he  sold  adv  nagpously 
to  Moorish  fnmilie.s,  settled  in  the  south  of  Spain. 
Six  years  afterwards  he  repenied  this  act  of  piracy  ; 
and  as  the  practice  seemfd  to  answer,  mmyadop  ed 
it,  and  in  1481,  built  a  fort  to  protect  this  traffiic. 
The  whole  stock  of  slaves  now  in  America  and  the 
West  Indies,  whose  annual  consumption  is  supplied 
from  Africa,  is  as  follows  : 

English  and  North  American  stock,  1,500,000; 
French,  400  000;  Sp.mish,  2,500,000;  Portuguese, 
1,000,000  ;  Dutch  and  Danish,  1,000,000. 

It  iippears,  by  the  foregoing,  that  Spain  aloae 
does  nearly  as  mucii  as  all  the  other  slates  put  toge- 
i  ther,  in  this  trafiic._ 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILKS'  RKHISTER— SCftAPS. 


185 


Important  discovert/. —  We  understand  a  {j'-ntleuian 
of  this  city  (s  .ys  :i  jYe-.v-l'orh  QA\;^t)  iiss  1  .teh  clis- 
■covereil  hii  -iniire  new  pi-oct-ss  tor  miiniilacturing 
^Icetate  of  Copper  or  Verd'ffris,  for  wlilcli  lie  ins  oh- 
titined  a  put-nt  from  llie  presidenl  of  llie  United 
Bt.ites.  Tl>e  simplicity  of  tiie  process  is  such  that  the 
most  ij^nor^tnt  laborer  m^sv  peri'ect  the  article  in  a 
very  short  period.  It  is  not  yet  known  vvheliier  the 
article  m;i  le  by  this  process  pos-es-e^  all  the  pro 
perti:fs,  or  ihit  it  wdl  serve  all  i!ie  purposes  for 
which  the  Verdigris  of  Commerce  is  now  used;  but 
jt  is  ascertaineil  to  be  of  cqiiul  value  to  the  ihiee 
fjreat  consum-rS^of  the  article — tiie  puinter,  the 
Jiatter  ;tnd  the  iyir.  For  these  pui poses  rdone,  it  is 
a  subject  of  congraiuLition  io  oar  count!)  to  be,  b) 
'Jns  discover),  rendered  independent  of  France  for 
supplies  of  MO  important  -n  ..rticle. 

JJomcsiic  improvements. — We  are  told  that  in  th 
Jislric.  of  M.iina  iiiei-e  is  established  a  manti'  ctoy 
of  fine  porcelriin,  wiiich  tuinsout  large  qu  jiMti'  s  "f 
■ware,  which  p^'oud  jndj^es  -»re  not  abl  to  dist'iiguisi 
from  the  best  Liverpool  -ware.  V  is  to  Mc  sr-^.  Knig 
und  JVing(('.e,  we  are  told  tbit  the  public  are  princi 
pally  indebted  (under  t!ie  embargo)  for  this  ber.eli- 
cial  establishment.  At  tti-^  ver\  ensiern  bound-.Tv  of 
the  state,  so  lately  m  howlinj;-  wilderness,  are  vlsu 
produo  \\  fine  broadcloths,  cuileiy,  &c.  equ.d  to  the 
best  Engl.sh,  and  in  large  quantities. 

Slonr,  codlf'ir  manure  — From  tli<  Gi-pf  nsbvr/g  (P  '  ) 
G^iznte,  Ap'-d  21',  1815— It  is  remariied  m  a  leuer 
Written  in  1793,  by  the  il^w  Dr.  Muhlenbf-rg,  and 
publisiied  in  an  old  volume  of  A-x!icullnrai  Tn  ns- 
actions,  th  t  if  "Mr.  Meyer  (\he  first  tlial  used  gyp- 
sum, or  plaster  of  Paris,  and  recommentled  it  so 
strongly  to  the  world)  is  not  mi.s  ken,  sto7ie  coals 
pnlveriz^dy  are  safer,  and  go  furiher  in  ineUnrating- 
lands  than  gypsum."  Tiie  doctor  presumes  Iha*  ahon'. 
350  po'inds  of  coal  would  be  sufficient  for  on.-"  acre. 
If  coal  be  really  as  fertilizing  as  plaster  of  Pans, 
it  may  appear  strange  that  proofs  of  its  tfficacv 
have  not  been  made  pul)lic;  'nii  w-lien  it  is  consider- 
ed tliat  in  the  eastern  counties  of  tiiis  state,  pi  ster 
has  hitiierto  remained  cheap  --nl  eoal  ccmpar^tivciy 
dej.r,  and  that  in  llje  western  counties,  wii'^re  coal  is 
cheip,  the  lands  have  bes-n  fresh  and  required  li  il' 
attention — it  need  not  surprise  »is  that  tdr  experi 
ments  have  not  been  made.  Tiit^  p-rriod,  hosvever,  has 
prooably  arrived,  wiien  our  oldor  farms  bejj-ins  to 
ne.'.1  i  m 'lior  .ting  ti.vatm*-n'..  Would  it  not,  ■here- 
fore,  be  liigiilj'  satisfactorj',  if  some  en  erprizmg  in  i 
circiiul  fanner,  who  has  tlie  means  wiiiiin  Ins  piwer^ 
woidd  mike  in  the  course  of  the  pres-^il  Fummcr, 
experiments  of  the  efl'-cts  of  pulverized  §^tone  coal 
on  grains  and  grasses  of  varii.-us  kinds  and  on  difl[<r- 
ent  soili!,  and  communicate  the  result  tJirough  «ionir- 
newspaper  in  the  fall, 

A  valuable  discovery  has  been  lately  made  by 
some  German  travellers  in  the  isle  of  Kf5:ina  inider 
the  ruins  of  the  temple  of  .Tupiter  Pjih'^ilenius.: — 
Tliey  Iiave  found  eigliteen  martde  stJtU's,  n^ariy  as 
large  life,  and  in  the  most  antiqie  Clrctk  siyle. 

It  is  said  that  a  manufactory  has  been  instituted 
in  Frmce  for  the  purpose  of  ft->rgin;^  English  bimk 
notes  of  various  d?nominHtion!<.  A  puicel  coivainipg 
the  nomiiiid  value  of  20,000^.  was  r..'cenily  r-:ceivfd 
in  Enidand,  and  before  the  imposition  h'ld  bf-'en  dis- 
Gov  r-i,  s>»veral  notes  were  pnt  into  circulalio", 
whicli,  however,  were  ^fierwaids  r.-.c-ill-'d,  on  tlie 
fraud  being  lietected  by  the  comignf"-. 

[Now   accor  ling  to  the  decisions  of  the  n^'itis'. 

judges  and  the  practices  of  tlie  people  of  Mi    'Miil 

warlc  of  religion,"  it  wis  no  crime  in  ihe  Frexchtne- 

Xo  cstabl  sh  a  munuf-ctorv  of  K  iglish  bank  notes'. 

.pprPl-EMENT  TO  VOL    IX. 


'rids  is  an  ab.solute  fact.  Indeed,  we  know  tliat  tiie 
i'rl'  !sl»  govern m  nt,  its?if,  h  -.s  !nadi;_/9r,^f  rr/  on-  ^of  i;s 
eni^iiH's  of  Wfir.  Witness  the  .Vmo  ic  n  "continental 
prip-.r"  and  (lie  Frencli  a.,signats — immense  qn  .nti- 
ties  of  whicli  were  attempted  to  be  iinitaU-xi  by 
IJrilihlj  office; 3  higli  in  command. 


[>;d.  iivr.. 


An  Er.glisliman  h-iving  once  o=.kcd  nn  frishmaii 
"if  the  roads  in  IielMiid  were  good.'"  '-Yes,"  said  he, 
"so  fine  that  1  wontier  you  do  not  import  some  of 
them  into  Kng! md.  St;.y,  let  me  s -e — Mitre's  the 
;nad  to  Live,  strewed  with  roses — to  Maiiimon}', 
tlirough  nettles — 'o  Honor,  through  the  camp — to 
I'rison,  through  the  luw —  nd  to  the  Undepl.^k*  rV, 
through  Pliysic."  "llwve  you  any  roa-'  to  Prefer- 
m'-ntr"  said  the  I'^nglidinnn— "Ves :  but  that  i.s 
chiefly  trodden  by  hypocrites  and  knavfs,  by  pimps 
and  pmders."  [I.und-m  Statesman. 

Th"  honorable  Miss  Lucretii  C.  (a  near  relative 
of  lord  C  .\hcjrt)  to  wliom  nature  had  b^-en  lavisli  in 
regard  to  desg-ii,  npi.-it  .inrl  cliaracier,  but  so  nig- 
gardly in  vi.l'riiiff  that  she  was  f.m  to  have  recourse 
to  artficial  improvement,  was  one  day  inlensclv 
eng  ged  in  the  examination  of  .1  jjr/.pbic  exhibition, 
when  she  «ss  iccosled  by  his  lordship:  "V.'hat, 
m}  fail  cousin,  fond  of  pictures  .'"  "Of  coui'ie,  mv 
hird,  (she  replied,  with  the  utmost  r.;:ivete)  /  puin!, 
.■mvtsklf" 

Pheasiintg. — From  a  Philaflelphia  p.tper  of  Feb. 
16,  1815 — We  learn  f.om  Dr.  Cii  pni'n,  !«.at  on  Sa- 
turday afternoon  last  he  was  cdled  to  Dr.  Ilosserai 
whose  life  for  several  hours  wks  in  ilie  utmost  iVq. 
p  rdy  in  consequence  of  Ids  linvin;;  din>  d  on  p/i^a. 
aaius,  which  w  le  found  to  have  fed  on  liie  poiiori- 

oils  hprru  i)f  till'  hiiirel. 
.J    .' 

W  •  st^te  this  fict  in  order  to  caution  trie  public 
aguim  the  use  of  the  phe'js:<nt  at  the  present  time, 
.ind  to  suggest  to  the  m<inicipal  an  horities  of  tlia 
cl'y,  tiie  propriety  of  prohilii-ung  tli^se  birds  b^inr' 
'iiMiU'ht  lo  market  during  the  existence  of  deep 
snows. 

T'e  Gazelle  de  France  gW'es  some  rr.rions  parli- 
c'.ilars  of  e.'cperim  ni.s  mid''  on  tlie  22(1  nf  Octobei' 
with  a  new  diving  machine,  b\-  Mr.  Melville,  the 
inv.ntor  He  descf^-ndt^d  twice  in  th-  Seine,  near  ;hr: 
Pont  Ro\  d,  lo  the  depth  of  from  10  'o  20  feet,  snd 
P'iscd  j6  minutes  it  the  l/Ottinn  He  tO"k  with  li,m 
2  swsi^s,  2  dvH^kw,  Mid  some  bread  and  wine.  He  let 

I  >o-ie'he  Kju.t.c  animd.s  v.'liilf  under  ti).  wat.r,  went 
f  om  til  Poll'  N  iii'toth^  Sw.minin<sch(iol,rnd  c.ime 
ou'  »lre"?s?d  as  usual,  witfiont  being  tiie  lonst  wet. 
S":;e  mach  r.e  does  not  resemble  any  ihinj^of  Ihekini 
hidici'to  emploMvl;  it  is  neither  a  !)  iri-f  I  nor  a  hi-"!  , 
but  i);\s  ihe  f<;rm  of  an  egg.  It  is  not  bulky  and  con- 
tains only  fiv.-  cubit  ft^t  of    ir.  Tiiis  rur  i^  prepare-'l 

II  -u^-Zn  a  in:'mier,  lo.tt  pre.nsuie  cm  do  it  no  Ir'rm, 
'-,tit  it  is  hep-  pure  -ml  freslv  Mr.  ^f  dville  says  that 
he  h  IS  tnken  with  him  dil?'*rent  .animals,  as  cits, 
r /obits,  do;;s,  tic.  but  the  I  .tter  cnnot  bear  this 
kind  o*"r,ir  long-jr  'ban  five  'Tiintfies,  as  they  go  mad 
in  it;  b'i»  I'.e  rl'.cl  res  llut  lie  coiil.i  st^y  half  a  day 
under  Water  vviihiii*  the  Kllgljiest  inc.vuvpjcnce.  Il- 
ii  IS  the  use  of  ail  h\»  limii  aivl  c:in  Jo  what  he  pl-as.- 
'?,  ssw  TVood,  bore  gimntet  lio?e«,  and  ni-.;k  u|)  tlie 
sinll^sL  objects.  Thonyi'h  his  TJul.se  rises  from  120  t* 
It)',;  iie  asserts  that  he  feels  from  it  an  agieeiidt  s/ii- 
ii'iin,  akind  of  elecliicil  eHe-'t.  H'?  pi'oivi-;"s  st/\-e- 
'•  t\  other  iiit.restintr  inventions;  for  instance,  tliat  \\c. 

!i  dl  this  wintei-  m  ke  ;i  Vitti'*  cirri  ige,  in  wliirii  two 
oornons  may   n^xt  summ'^.r  t.k^  'he  mo^-   pleasant 

Acur.«ions  at  tfie  bottom  of  the  Seine,  in  tlie  pjnds  {■:■ 
Versaillsj,  or  in  anv  river. 

y 


1815 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  KEGISTER— SCRAPS. 


Jiew-Yorh  military  stores. — According  lo  t!ic  l+st 
returns  IVoni  ilie  cinimissary  of  miiitary  stores  foi- 
this  stite,  there  are  in  'lie  nflereiu depots  and  arse- 
nals, the  I'oilowiug  ordnance,  anii.i,  military  stores, 
S;c.  Uie  properly  of  liie  state  of  New-York,  vis.  8? 
iron  cannon,  mounted;  2  do.  dismounted;  48  brass 
do.  ru)Uiited;  7  do.  dismounteu;  4  brass  mortars; 
.'34057  round  shoi;  589  sisclls;  IfjO  rammers  and 
.sponges;  102  worms  for  do.;  69  hidles  for  do.;  491 
iiiilcd  cartridges;  26  blank  do.;  4460  wads;  1158 
rounds  canister  shot;  755  rounds  strapped  sliot; 
16G99  muskets,  compieic;  12649  complete  sets  of 
accoutrements;  118  sword  belts;  75  rifles;  231  pair* 
horseman's  pistols;  22  Iiorseman's  swords;  359  artil- 
lery swords;  43  drams;  40  lifes;  87,078  flints;  384,250 
cirtriiges;  5  uiMrkees;  150  iiorsemen's  tents;  25  hos- 
pital do.;  777  corr.mnn  do.;  1042  tent  poles  and  pins; 
228bluike(s;  6078  knapsacks;  3030  canteen^';  853 
camp  kettles;  202  cutlasses,  Stc.  [Columbian. 

The  J\l'w  York  state  prison  report,  for  the  year 
1814,  makes  the  total  number  of  convicts,  remaining 
in  prison  on  the  last  day  of  the  year,  to  be  49-1,  of 
which  213  were  received  into  the  prison  during  that 
year;  and  215  iiad  been  discharged  in  tlie  same 
term,  viz.  10  by  expiraiion  of  sentence,  176  by  p.*r- 
don,  and  29  by'dealh.  Of  the  494  remnhiing,  are  419 
m^n.  an  i  75  women;  350  are  whites,  and  144  blacks;,  ,  , 
4,00  are  Americ-.ns,  and  94  foreigners;  45  are  sen-' 
tenced  for  life,  8  for  more  than  15  years,  33  for  more 
than  12,  36  for  more  than  9,  26  for  more  than  7, 
116  for  more  th.oi  5,  and  230  for  5  years  and  under. 
Of  these  sentences,  IS  will  expire  the  present  year. 
Among  their  crimes,  348  were  sentenced  for  grand 


men,  twelve  women  and  fotlr  boys,  ftom  twelve  fo 
fifteen  years  of  age,  (lliirly-five  in  all;)  and  it  was 
conjectured  it  would  liave  held  fifteen  more.  Two 
women  and  r.ineteen  men  stood  in  a  circle  around 
the  inside  of  the  tree,  which  measured  on  the  outside 
three  feet  from  tlie  g^i-ound,  thirty-three  feet  in  cir- 
cumference. The  top  of  the  tree  Mas  broken  off 
about  nineteen  feet  iiigb,  end  it  was  hollow  to  tlie 
top.  Tiie  tree,  thou>^li  a  mere  shell,  was  green,  its 
wood  only  ioiir  inches  thick,  was  perfectly  sound, 
excepiing  the  door  which  had  been  cut.  On  the  body 
of  Ih.i  extraordinary  tree,  there  were  several  small 
green  limbs,  and  one  large  one  near  the  top. 

On  the  same  day,  1  examined  an  uncommon  salt 
well  in  the  tov.'n  i)f  Montezuma,  New-York.  It  was 
dug  more  than  ninety  feet  without  finding  waier — a 
'i&w  feet  further  a  rocky  substance  was  discoveied, 
supposed  to  be  salt.  This  was  bored,  and  water  as 
sail  -AH  smart  briiie,  burst  through  and  fdled  the  well. 
From  the  top  of  tlie  curb  to  the  bottom  of  tlie  well, 
it  measured  101  feet — the  water  ran  over  the  top  of 
the  curb,  and  the  owner  told  me  it  made  three  times 
as  much  salt  from  a  gallon  as  the  neighboring  salt 
waler. 


larceny,  73  for  forgery,  21  for  burglary,  14  tor  as- 


sault and  battery,  and  38  for  virions  oft'ences.  Of  the 
foreignc'-s,  33  're  Irishmt-n,  23Eii.L^lishmen,  11  West 
Indi  ins,  6  Scotchmen,  4  Frenchmen,  4  Germ-.ns, 
4  N.iv.i  Scoii  men,  4  C madians,  2  Guineans,  I  Hol- 
lander, 1  Swede  and  1  Portuguese. 

Trianq-ular  Valve  I'timp. — We  have  lately  attend- 
ed an  experiment  m  tde  with  tiie  triangular  va.'ve 
pump,  lately  i;n\!ited  b\  Mr.  Perkins.  It  v^'as  found 
to  deliver  double  liie  quantity  of  waUr  of  the  best 
chain  pumps  wiih  the  stme  number  of  men,  with 
much  less  exertion  and  fatiguf,  by  a  new  ;ipplication 
of  xXxi-  power.  Two  l;oles,  '.wo  inches  in  diameter, 
were  made  between  th.e  floor  timbers  of  a  brig,  and 
the  water  let  in  through  these  holes  in  16  minutes, 
was  discharged  !>y  this  new  pump  in  one  minute. 

A  particular  description  of  iliis  pump  will  not  at 
present  be  given,  as  the  inventor,  we  URderstand, 
will  shortly  send  to  England  and  France  fo?-  patents. 

From  experiments  made  in  our  river,  we  have  no 
doubt  that  thf:  inventor  will  succeed  in  making  the 
vessel  which  lias  our;  of  these  pumps,  discharge  die 
water,  in  certain  cast'3,  ij/  her  o-ivn  motion.  If  this 
invention  should  prove  as  useful  as  v/e  trust  it  will, 
ji  certainly  will  desc'rve  the  attention  of  every  ship 
owner,  nnd  the  patronage  of  the  proper  guardians  of 
our  gallant  navy.  [JW^wftwi/bort  Herald. 

Mr.  Manx,  tiie  famous  brewer,  of  London,  has 
jietitioned  parliament  to  have  rcmittad  the  excise  on 
tiie  beer  he  recently  loat  by  t'.ie  bursting  of  iiis  vats. 
8550  barrels  of  ripe  beer,  10  months  old,  were  lost. 
Total  loss  23,000i5. 

wATUHAt  cmiiosiT!T;s. — The  author  of  the  folloti'iv!^ 
in  FAcler  E.  Smith. — Ueing  at  Aiirelius.  New-York, 
u\  the  17th  Sepiembf-r,  2810,  I  was  requested  to 
pri^ach  in  a  large  hollow  tree,  in  the  town  of  Mentz, 
in  the  same  state.  Af^er  assembling  in  the  tree  and 
singing  a  p^^ilm,  in  the  tune  America,  I  addressed 
the  throne  of  grace,  and  delivered  a  discourse  from 
Luke  ii,  12.  There  were  present  in  the  tree,  nineteen 


The  late  empress  Josepjd^ie' s  jetucls — At  a  lapidary's, 
in   New   Bond  str  et,  was   exhibited  jeslei-day  pri- 
n  magniricent  suite  of  ornaments,  lately  the 
property  of  Josephine,  and  consigned  to  t!as  country 
by  her  son  Eugene  lieauharnois;  they  are  intended 
for  sale,  at  a  fixed  price  for  the  whole,  viz.  50,000 
giiineus.     They  consist  of  three  sets,  comprising  a 
diadem,  tiara,   aigrette,  rings   and  broaches.     Tiie 
principal  article  is  the  first  named:  it  is  of  rare  and 
beautiful  vv'orkmanship,  and  adoroed  witii  opals,  said 
to  be  mutciiless  in  the  vviiole  world,  b.fing  collected 
togetlier  with  grtut  difficulty  in  countries  remote 
from  Fiviiicr-;  these  precious  stones  are  surrounded  by 
brilliant*  of  the  finest  water.    Among  the  others  are 
sapphires,  emeralds  and  pink  top.izes;  the  emeralds 
are  of  the  deepest  color  and  perfectly  clear.    A  sap- 
plii-re  broach  attracted  much  notice,  it  being  of  a 
matchless  size,  an  inch  and  a  half  one  way,  and  an 
inch  the  other.     They  have  been  in  London  only  a 
few  days,  an;'  were  consigned  hither  for  a  very  short 
space  of  time.    The  merchant  to  whom  they  were 
intrusted  declined  shewing  them  in  the  evening  of 
5'esterday;  and    all   applicants  were   informed  that 
they  wordd  not  remain  many  hours  longer  in  town. 
Eug'me  lleauharnois  stated  in  his    communication 
'hat  the  obj  •'ct  he  had  in  view  was  to  raise  a  sum  of 
money  to  pay  oft  the  demands  on  the  estate  of  Jose- 
phine, and  in  so  doing  he  acted  agreeably  to  her  laat 
will  and  testament,  [^London  paper. 


The  comedy  of  JiJatrimnny  was  lately  performed 
in  London,  the  principal  parts  by  Thomas  Coutts, 
esq.  an  eminent  banker  worth  four  millions  of  dol- 
lars, and  Tvliss  Mellon,  of  the  theatre  Drury-lane, 
with  accomp'.miments,  as  expressed  on /««  bills — be- 
ing for  the  bcneft  of  Miss  Mellon,  whose  last  appear- 
aiice  was  in  the  play  of  "How  to  grow  Uich,"  witii 
the  afterpiece  of  "Fortune's  Frolics." 

CcKiroR  POISON. — The  legislature  of  South-Caro- 
lina have  published  "Cj;saii's  cure  fnr  poison,  and 
the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake,"  discovered  by  a  negro  slave 
of  that  name  ;  for  which  the  assembly  purchased 
his  freedom,  and  granted  him  an  allowance  of  100^ 
per  annum,  during  life. 

'^I'he  llcccipi. — Tt'.ke  plantain  and  wild  hoar-hound 
roots,  fresh  and  dried,  three  ounces  ;  boil  them  in 
two  quarts  of  water,  to  osse  quart.  Of  this  decoc- 
tion tlie  patient  must  ti'ke  one-third  part  three  morn- 
ings fasting  successively.    If  he  finds  relief,  conti- 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NiLE3'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


187 


twit  it  until  cured.  If  he  finds  no  efl^cl  from  it  after 
the  tl>ird  dose,  it  miy  be  discontinued.  The  patient 
mast  live  on  spare  diet.  If  both  ingredients  cannot 
be  obtained,  one  will  answer;  and  in  summer  one 
handful  of  the  roots  anil  branches  of  e.ich,  will  serve 
in  place  of  three  ounces  of  the  roots  of  each.  The 
drink  of  tlie  patient  to  be  a  decoction  of  the  root  of 
golden  roJ,  with  a  small  addition  of  hourhound  and 
sassafras,  slreng-thened  byagl;iss  of  rum  and  sweet- 
ened. 

CssAii's  cure  fur  the  bile  of  a  rnttlesnahe. — Take  of 
the  roots  of  plantain  or  honrhound  (in  summer  roots 
and  branches  together)  and  a  sufficient  quantity; 
bruise  tliem  in  a  mortar,  and  squeeze  out  the  juice 
—of  which,  as  soon  as  possible,  one  spoonful ;  if  he 
is  swelled,  you  must  force  it  down  his  throat.  This 
generally  will  cure ;  but  if  the  patient  finds  no  relief 
in  an  hovir  after,  you  may  give  another  spoonful — 
whiclt  never  fails.  If  the  roots  are  dried,  t!iey  must 
be  moistened  with  a  little  water.  To  the  wound  may 
be  applied  a  leaf  of  goo-.l  tobacco,  moistened  with 
rum. 

Steam  mills. — From  a  Cincinnati  paper — Messrs. 
Printers — As  several  publications  hsive  lately  appear 
ed  relative  to  the  operation  of  steam,  the  restdt  of 
an  experiment  lately  tried  in  the  Cincinnati  Steam 
Mill  m.iy  not  be  tmacceptionable  to  your  readers. 

On  one  pair  of  Burr  stones,  six  feet  diameter,  19^ 
bushels  of  wheat  w?re  ground  in  59  minutes. 

On  another  pair  of  the  same  diameter,  17  bushels 
were  ground  in  one  hour. 

The  wliole  was  adjudged  by  millers  to  have  been 
grotmd  in  the  best  merchantable  manner  ;  and  I  am 
informed,  that  it  still  remains  in  the  mill,  for  the 
inspection  of  judges. 

It  may  be  proper  to  remark,  that  the  hlgli  water 
having  .slopped  the  mill  for  some  days,  gave  the  mil- 
lers an  opportunity  of  dressing  the  stones  in  tlie 
best  manner. 

Improvement  in  lamps. — Tvl.  EorJi?r  Mnrcet,  rela- 
tive and  successor  of  Ami  Argmd  Marcet  of  Gene- 
va, inventor  of  the  lamps  with  a  current  of  air,  has 
been  long  advantageously  known  from  the  progress 
he  had  made  in  the  art  of  illuminating  in  France. 
To  add  to  the  good  opinion  which  oiu-  readers  have 
conceived  of  him,  we  copy  a  certificate  delivered  by 


bashaw,  iie  seized  the  property  of  every  British  sub- 
ject within  his  reach.  They  complained,  remon- 
strated, referred  him  to  the  laws  of  nations  and  the 
British  prize  courts,  he  answered— "this  is  the  true 
law,  mere  simple  retaliation;  otit  of  yovr  property  I 
•will  pay  my  subjects  what  those  of  your  king  has  stolen 
from  them,  -with  interest;  the  swpbts  shall  be  returned, 
but  I  command  von  all  to  quit  ir.y  dominions  immediate- 
ly." And  accordingly  compelled  their  consul,  and 
every  one  of  thut  nation,  to  depart  williout  delay. — 
This  narrative  is  given  by  a  gentleman  of  unques- 
tionable  veracity,  acquainted  with  the  fact,  and  who 
saw  them  at  Malta.  A«<.  Int. 

.A'eiccastle,  Del.  \4th  jVay,  1812. 

Calcutta,  .Tune  8.— By  a  letter  from  Banka  of  the 
beginning  of  April,  we  learn  that  a  most  ;  allant  ac- 
tion was  fought  on  the  29lh  of  March  ofl"  Pulo  P.m- 
gan,  by  captain  Hall  and  the  crew  of  the  honorable 
company's  cruizer  Antelope,  who  with  the  ship's 
boats,  assisted  by  two  armed  prows,  attacked  and 
dispersed  an  immense  fleet  of  Illahiy  pirate  boats,  at 
least  eighty  in  number,  taking  tliirty,  of  which  foin- 
sunk  after  thev  had  struck.  The  engagement  lasted 
from  9  A.  M.  till  4  I*  .M.  and  so  desperate  was  tlies 
resistance  made  by  l!;e  Malays,  that  only  14  prison- 
ers v.'ere  taken  alive  out  of  the  30  boats  which  lia<l 
been  captured.  E  ich  of  the  pirate  boats  liad  font- 
small  brars  guns  mounted  and  a  numerous  comple- 
ment of  men. 

When  we  recollect  the  severe  loss  v.hlch  ships  cf 
war  have  frequently  sustained  in  taking  atid  des- 
troying vessels  of  this  description,  we  are  at  a  loss 
to  express  our  admiration  of  the  skilly  and  gi.Hantry 
which  coul.l  iiave  enabled  so  small  a  force  as  thai  of 
ciptain  Hall's,  to  engage  successfully  with  such 
desperate  odds.  We  are  informed  that  capt.  Hall 
speaks  in  warm  terms  of  the  conduct  of  his  first  lieu- 
tenant, Mr.  Smith,  r.s  v/ell  as  the  rest  of  his  officers, 
and  ship's  company. 

RoTAL  BAxavrT.  Vienna,  Xov  2j,  1314.  A  splen- 
did entertainment  lately  took,  ph.ce  in  the  great  hall 
of  the  riding  school.  One  side  of  the  galleries  had 
been  reserved  for  the  diplomatic  corps,  the  other  for 
the  guests  of  th-;  court  an-l  the  nobility.  Tii.2  se- 
cond gallery  was  for  sU  the  other  guesfs.  The 
court  occun''ied  at  one  of  the  extremities  an  apr.rt- 


M.  themayorof  the  cityof  Valogne,  dated  May21,|ment  magnificently  decorated;  twenty-four   ladies, 
1814.  dressed  in  the   most  brilliant  gothic  cosuime,  and 

"We,  tlie  mnyor  and  assistants  of  the  city  of  Va- 
logne, certify  that  after  an  experiment  continued  fmm 
October  last,  the  merit  of   the  reverberators  with 


parabolic  reflectors,  invented  by  M.  J.  A.  Bordier 
Marcet,  is  established  beyond  all  doubt ;  that  the 
wind  and  rain  injure  very  little  the  fine  light,  wl)ich 
they  reflect  to  a  great  distance;  th.at  tlieir  eiTect  is 
such  as  to  enable  a  person  to  read  with  ease  at  a  dis- 


uicaacLi    ill   cii^     lii'/.'..    .^..... r> 

covered  wi'di  jewels,  occupicl  the  other  extremity, 
seated  upon  chairs  rsnged  in  a  single  lire.  They 
were  divi.led  into  four  partieH,  distinguislied  by  thr? 
color  of  tiieir  appan-i.  Tlieir  itats  and  their  robes 
were  entirely  embroidered  with  diamonds,  and  re- 
flected a  most  dsr.Ziing  splendor. 

At  ei-'ht  o'clock,  as  soon  as  the  court  of  t!ie  ladies 
weie   seated,   twfntyfour  kniHils,    clothed  in  the 


tanceof  20  metres,-  thit  the  expence  of  oil  is  very    p,„,;i_  briirnnt  stylo,"  made    I'lKir  :!ppe''i:i;ice    \\\i»n 
trifling,  each  reverberator  not  cousuming  on  an  ave- 1  |,o,.sf.g  richlv  caparisoned.     I'.ich  knight  was  deco 


rage  more  than  one  ounce  and  and  one  iifthtecnlh 
per  hour. 

"We  further  certify,  tliat  our  vsvy  extensive  city 
is  now  muoh  better  liglitedwitlj  eighteen  of  M.  Hor- 
dier's  reverberators,  than  it  was  formerly  with  forty  i 
of  the  old  construc'.ion."  I 

A  fact,  or  fair  retaHatiou.  About  eighteen  months 
since,  .\.li  Bashaw,  of  ih'j  More^i,  bordering  on  the 
Adrl  itioj  ulled  out  and  loaded  two  vciscls  for  ports 
in  that  sea,  to  enter  wliicli,  the  Britisli  reqi.ircd 
every  cargo  to  be  .icc  impauicd  by  k  licenc?.  Tliis 
the  honest  Gi-e^ik  despi'^e  t.  His  vessels  wer.::  t.dccn, 
carried  to  Malta  and  condemned,  wiiii  l!iP;ir  lading, 
aft  ;r  a  reg-ular,  formal,  and  wiiat  the  British  t^^rm,  a 
fair  trial.    Tbe  moinsnt  the  intelligence  reached  ihz 


rated  with  a  scarf  of  Xh".  sjrr.c  color  v.itii  his  lady. 
After  having  SiJuled  the   sovereigns,  they  all  pro- 
ceeded lik'.'wi.s-  to  p^hUe  their  luiic^,  an  1  then  the 
game  comm.enccd.    Tiiey  struck  down  with  the  lanre 
and  tlie  jaVvdin,  :Tiauy  casqu-s  pl:«ced  at  dHlV-rent  dis- 
tances. "Tli-ry  !.l'(erw:irds  cotir.sed  the  ring,  and  the 
entertainment  ended  by  evolutions  and  marches  exe- 
cuted with  the  grctilcst  precision.     When  ihe  couvti 
had  retired,  tiie'  knights  wcnl  to  offer  ih.eir  han-ls  to 
t'.mir  ladies  to  conduct  f  ihem    to    the  dining  hall, 
where   the  t.ab!^  was  spread  of  forlyeij^ht  covers, 
m  ignificentiv  served  up.     Tiie  r-pp-u-ance  of  thi-i 
sumier  ws  "verv  t-emark-ible.     The  ball  comm'-nceri 
Hi  r  o'clock.     Two  thousiuid    p-rsons    were  invited 
to  it,  and  it  was  tlie  most  brdliaut  tlut  had  yet  be«r> 


KS8 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  KILES'  UrGlSTKR— SCRAPS. 


given.    In  pen?!*  1,  lliis  entertainment  not  oniy  saiis-jco  cannaii,  and  the  two  I'ootmen,  are  all  one  knot  •** 

3,  bineven  sui-  swindlers. 


fied  the  espcctati',)ns<o'>'llie  specsators, 
p.tsse.l  them.     TIil-  beuily  of  llie  ladies,  their  dies 
hnJ  ilie  prodigious  quantity  of  diamonds  tiiey  woi'  , 
above  all  tilings,  excited  admiration. 

I'remalure  burial.  On  Sunday  last,  after  the  per- 
fonn;tiicfc()i  liie  t!i:ieral  service  over  the  remains  of  n 
woman  in  Shorediich  church-yard,  and  when  the  cot- 
fin  had  been  neaily  covereil  witli  e;*rtli,  a  moan  was 
heard  fr<jm  the  grave,  whicii  arrested  the  luiid  of  tlie 
grave  Jigj^er;  il  was  followed  with  aiio'.her  which 
convinced  (uiti  tint  the  sound  came  from  the  cofiin. 
Ko  time  was  lost  by  the  persons  still  remaining 
around  tiie  grave  to  open  it,  when  the  womr.n  w:ik 
found  strujjgling  for  breatii.  She  was  iinmedutely 
carried  r.to  the  vestry  room,  uliere  she  revived,  and 
was  sliorliy  afterwards  carried  home—  Lnn. paper. 

Emerick  Preny,  nn  Hungarian  nobleman,  who  w<s 
travelling' on  the  31st  (jf  August,  near  IJebreezen, 
alighted  from  iiis  carri.ige  to  shoot  some  ducks,  di 
reciing  his  servants  to  proceed.  The  report  of  tht 
gun  roused  eight  or  ten  shepherds'  dogs  thst  wer  .- 
ten  ling  nunh.roui  flocks  in  these  extfusive  imculti- 
vited  plains — v/ho  tore  him  in  pieces  before  assist- 
ance could  arrive. — ib. 

DuuNG  swiM)Lrn.  From  a  London  paper  nf  Oct 
23,  1814.  L  s'  night,  a  iadyi  witli  the  ex'.crii.-i  of  u 
woiTi m  of  f:t.sluon  u.ud  fortune,  drove  tip  to  tlie  do-o- 
of an  eminerit  nubcirdjisiier's,  in  the  vicinity  of  Ji  > 
ho,  in  a  splendid  c;(rriage,  with  footmen  in  rich  liv.'- 
lies.  Oi  .Ughting-md  entering  the  shop,  some  of 
Iheyou'^ij  m  n  itt'-nded  to  receive  her  commanas 
Lu'.  Ltlv  c  ill 'd  for  the  master,  said  sh-- wanted  a  va- 
riety of  things,  and  would  not  communic.te  with  an\ 
one  else.  The  master  being  apprised  of  her  wishes, 
and  fearful  of  nflronting  a  customer  of  her  rank  an  ' 
distincUon,  nl'hough  not  in  Uie  habit  of  attending 
custoitic-rs,  cam-?  from  his  p«ilor  to  serve  her.  Slu 
immediately  proceeded  to  look  out  u  variety  of  goods 
—particularly  lace,  of  which  she  purch.iscd  to  th.; 
amount  of  almost  5U0^.  Tin  articles  b^ing  pack-.i 
up,  she  desired  one  of  h  -r  f  )Otmen  o  bring  Iilt  Ij  Hik- 
er's book  from  the  pocket  of  ( he c-.iri  ige.  The foo<.- 
mai  returned  and  £«id  h?  could  no'  find  :t,  on  whicii 
she  expressed  consideribl:-  suiprise  and  disappoint 
ment,  being  certain  siie  h:Kl  put  it  there  on  ieiving 
home  Turning  to  the  haberdusher,  she  th  mi  said 
he  must  send  one  of  iiis  young  men  to  get  the  nionn 

but  he  dec-lined  the  prop  >s-tion,  '^nd  wmt  liim.-el-, 
co:iceiving  it  t!ie  safer  course.  Afu-r  a  drive  to  n 
remote  part  of  the  town,  the  carriage  si  )pped  at  a 
Very  large  -md  hairdsome  liouse,  the  door  wms  open- 
ed," and  they  w  nt  in.  The  haberdasdi-r  Wit.s  slutwn 
inio  a  p  irlor,  wdiere  there  were  two  persons  when  ii;- 
enter".! — one  of  them  «  youth,  thr-  oilier  a  gmve 
looking  middle  aged  gentlcm  ui.  The  lady  not  rc- 
lu  jiiog  wiih  tbeiiioitev,he  expressed  some  surprise, 
of  wiiicli  thestrUngeis  Tor  sotne  time  took  no  notice 
— bill  on  his  becoming  impatient  m  consrqiience  of 
suspecting  a  fraud,  thty  proceeded  to  use  violence 
and  force  him  into  a  strut  jicket.  An  explanation 
eniued,  wiiich  led  to  a  discovery  that  he  w ;i  in  a 
privi'.e  mad-house;  that  the  lidy  hndbuen  there  on 
the  i)receding  day,  and  ma.le  every  prep.iration  fr:r 
tlie  recap' ion  of  "her  Imsband,  whom  she  describfu 
as  a  m:idin..n  who  fancied  th:i<  he  was  a  iuberdash 
IP,  Hudhud  been  robbed  and  ruined  by  thieves  and 
bwindle.-s,  th'lfrom  the  docum- nts  iind  leferencoi; 
wliichshc  iiad  furnish -J  them  wit;i,  tluy  had  nosu- 
])icim  of  a  lrick,aod  that  on  dt  liverlng  him  to  tii-=m 
the  dvove  awny.bui  whither,  tliey  kntw  not,  she  be 
ill-  a  {.eifect  str;.nger.    It  appeirs  that  the  lady,  the 


The  UASTINA.DO.  London,  Jan.  o,  1815.  The  Turk- 
ish frigate  called  the  Camel,  Abdallsih  M;jmed,  com- 
mand,r,  was  recently  employed  in  collecdng  the  an- 
nual tribute  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  islaU'is  in  the 
(irecian  Archipelago.  AVhile  at  anchor  off  M>ti. 
lene,  the  following  tragicnl  circumstance  took  pl»ce. 
A  Greek,  being  unable  or  unwilling  to  pay  the  as- 
sessment, had  been  conveyed  on  board  shij),  and  af- 
ter undergoing  repealed  bastin-uloes,  w.^s  threatened 
with  further  punishment.  Having  nex'  day  refused 
compliance,  his  wife  and  datigliter  were,  by  Hamcd's 
ordi-r,  put  to  death,  sfter  trentmeni  too  cruel  to  de- 
scribe. This  scene  took  place  in  thf  presence  of 
thcc  wretched  husband,  who,  maddened  by  li.e  f-ight, 
devoted  himself  to  destruction  to  obtain  revenge  fur 
such  outrages  on  the  common  feelings  of  nature.— • 
Wiiih  the  crew  were  asleep,  he  g.<sined  the  powder 
chamber,  and  fired  it.  An  instantaneous  explosion, 
wiiich  scattered  burning  fragments  over  the  neigh- 
boring islands,  announced  the  terrible  catastrophe  to 
the  inhabitants.  Wluat  r  =-m'nr.ed  of  the  frigate  was 
speed ih  consumed;  and,  of  the  crew,  160  pej-ished. 
The  survivors,  including  Hamed  the  commander, 
were  dreadfully  mu  dialed. 

.'vNiMAt  SAOACiTT.  From  a  London  paper.  The 
following  remark  (ble  proof  of  aiiim  d  -iagi.city  was 
given  hist  wetk  at  Nousard,  in  France.  The  neigli- 
borliood  had  long  been  infested  by  ainoiistrous  wolf, 
and  the  inhiibitants,  at  hngth,  succeeded  in  decoy- 
inghim  to  a  spot  under  which  thty  had  dug  ;.n  im- 
mense pit.  When  it  was  announced  that  the  ma- 
rauder was  a  captive,  a  great  crowd  assembled  to 
view  him,  and  a  fine  little  boy,  in  his  eagerness  to 
have  a  peep,  fell  in  by  the  sitle  of  the  aniniul.  A 
shriek  ofterror  inslvntHm  ously  burst  from  the  crowd 
— and  it  was  suppusjd  that  the  cliild  wotdd  be  in- 
sianily  devouied;  their  expectations,  however,  were 
agreLably  dis-<ppointed,  tlie  woli'  seemed  more  in- 
tent oi)  ruminating  on  his  embarrassed  situation,  than 
in  satisfying  his  appetite:  a  rope  was  then  let  down 
',0  the  boy,  and  he  was  desired  to  lay  hold  nf  it,  iii 
order  to  be  drawn  out:  here  a  ludicrous  scene  took 
place — die  wolf  and  the  boy  both  eagerly  seized  the 
rope,  but  the  former  possessing  superior  strength, 
succeeded  in  gTasping  it  between  Ids  paws  and  tee.'.h. 
The  stoutest  of  the  persons  assembled,  then  prepar- 
ed to  end  his  existence  with  clubs  and  oth-r  wea- 
pons when  he  should  ascend,  but  he  eluded  their  vi- 
gilance, by  several  bold  springs,  and  got  (jfl'cle^r.— 
Tlie  poor  boy  was  drawn  up,  without  having  sufTer- 
ed,  even  from  the  effijcts  of  fear. 

Ckahlestos  sia:ii:f.t. — Jllesirs.  SkHve  &  Diilcc — 
Ple:ise  to  publish  fo''  the  information  uf  the  ct'izeiis 
generally,  the  following  statement  of  articles  bron^ht 
to  the  C'jntie  Market,  from  the  1st  of  April,  1814, 
to  the  31st  of  March,  1815,  inchtsive,  vz: 

For  ihe  Quarter,  ending  the  30tk  June.  1814. 13  eves, 
1652;Ctlv:-s,  1973:  Hoj-s,  1295;  Sheep,  S74;  Goats, 
72;  Lambs,  786;  Deer,  18;  Fish,  (strings)  5646;— 
Waggons  anri  Carts  from  the  Conmry,  !2'J6 

For  tlie  Quarter,  ending  ihe  30t/i  Sept  1814.  Ueeves, 
3452;  Calves,  1568;  Hogs,  lo60;  Sjiet- p,  783;  Goat;,, 
110;  Lambs,  783;  Dee:-,"l5;  Vsh  (strings)  3423;— 
Wiggons   01.!  Cir  s  *rf)  i.  ih**  country,  471. 

For  the  Quarter,  ending  the  3\ St  /)ec.  1814.  llf^eves, 
4!)66;  Calv,-:,  434;  H  igs,  5142;  Sleep,  905;  Goi(«, 
59;  L^.mb.s  188;  Deer,  86;  Fish  (strin;;  )  G838;— 
W  'ggons  an  ;  Cirts  fr-im''!!'-  cotmiry,  628 

Fur  the  Quarter,  endiiiq- the  3lst  Jlrj-rh,  1S15  — 
Beeves,  3432;  Calves,  459;  Hojj-i,  4009;  S.ieeo,  558, 


SlUPPLEMENT  TO  KILES*  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


1 


tionts,  SI;  L-imbs,  36;  Dser,  54;  Fish  (sirings)  565; 
Wifigoiis  'iiifi  Carts  from  the  country,  509. 

.igcrre^aie — 5J.-ev-=s,   11,602;  Calves,  4434;  Hogs, 


were  i)ick.ea   up,  and  the  wet  females  had  reached 

the  sliore,  it  w;s  h.ippily  found  th«t  ndt  one  of  tlicia 

was  struck  or    rcctived  the  least  injury    from   Uie 

ll,5ij6;  .Sii^i'p,  3226;    Gn;its,  269,    Limbs,    1793; — |  mast    and  rigging- winch    fell  among  tiiem,  and  all 

escaped  vilh  no  other  hurt  thun  what  their  niinds 
received  from  the  fright  and  their  bodies  from  the 
ducking — A'^.  Y  Culumlnan. 


D.-r,  173;  Fish  (strings)  18,472;  1053  waggons  and 
carts  from  tlie  couiUry,  with  homespun,  cider,  ba- 
con,  fruit,  ho|;js  lard,  butter, poultry,  &c.  &c. 

JOHN  M.  HOFF,  clerk. 


Curious  case  of  bigamy. — From  a  London  paper. 
Oil    S   lurday  Elizabeth  Sliuxv  was    ciiargcd    b_v  Mr. 
J  lines  B!0')ker  with  higimy,  she  having  m  irried  hini  I 
during  tlie    lifetime    of  her  first  husDand,  Charles! 
Shi'^his,  well  knowing  at  the  time  of  her  second] 
marriage,  th  it  her  first  husband  was  living:  the  pri-i 
soner  is  a  yoimg  woman  of  respectable  connections,! 
and  extremely  interesting  in  her  appearance.    From  j 
the  circumstances  of  the  case  as  they  were  detailed,: 
it  appeared  that  Mr.  Shields  and  Mr.  Drooker  \\n<Xi 
both   been   declared  admirurs  of  the  lady  for  some  I 
time.     At  length  tiie  preference  was  given  to  Mr. 
Shields — Mr.  li.  was  dismissed;  and  on  tiie  day  fix- 
ed, the  23d  February  last,  she  was  married  at  Christ 
■Church,  to  Mr.  S.  Scarcely  had  thty  quitted  clmrch, 
before  she  repented  the  choice  she  iiad  m.tde,  and 
before  an  hour    had  expired  eloped  from  her   new 
lord,    and    a  second  time  gave  permission    to  Mr 
Brooker  to  address  her:  the  preliminary  steps  were 
soon  arranged,  and  on  the  27tii  of  February,   four 
*lays  after  her  first  marriage  to  Mr  Sliields  at  Clirisl 
Churcli,    she    was    led    to  the  parisli  cliurch  of  St. 
^eorge  the  M  irtyr,  by  Mr.   Brooker,  and  a  second 
time  pronounced  the  marriage  vows.     It   appeared 
from  tlie  testimony  of  Mr.  Brooker,  sen.  who   was 
present  at  his   son's   marriage,  that  she   stated   the 
circumstance  of  her   previous  marriage  with   Mr. 
Shields,  but  said  it  was  of  no  force,  inasmuch,  as  It 
had  not  been  consummated.      She  was  fully  com- 
mitted for  trial  at  tiie  assizes. 

CuriE  FOR  WF.N's. — From  a  JVewYork  paper — Mr. 
Editor. — UcHding  an  accotint  of  a  wen  extracted,  a 
friend  of  mine  (Mr.  VViliiam  G.  Forbes)  mentioned 
a  case  wherein  he  had  witnessed  an  entire  cure  of 
one  of  the  largest  wens,  by  the  most  simple  means. 
Ilis  son  was  unfortunately  afflicted  for  many  years 
by  one  of  those  tumors,  wlien  a  very  respectable 
neighbor  (.Mi*.  Samuel  Hallock)  told  the  circum- 
stance of  a  young  scliool  girl  effecting  acuie  of  one 
I)y  rubbing  it  every  day,  as  siie  passed  to  and  from 
school,  with  the  juice  ot  milk  oh  wild  cotton  wkcds 
vvliicii  finally  des!ro}ed  the  wen.  This  remedy  was 
then  resorted  to  by  ttie  young  m..n,  and  in  the  course 
of  the  summer  t!ie  tiunor  disappeared.  This  juice 
must  he  applie;!  several  times  a  day  for  a  length  of 
time,  and  it  wiU  give  a  hippy  result  to  all  who  mg^ 
choose  to  adopt  it  for  a  remedy.  W. 

Singular  accident — Oa    Sunday  last   several  per- 
sons nf  (lie  1!  'i)ilst  persuasion  were  baptise  I  by  im- 
mersion in  the  East  river,  Ci)rlear's   Hook.     Among 
the  assembly  of  spectators  wlio  attended  to  witness 
tiie  solemn  performance,  a  number  of  women  with 
a  few  ciiildren  bail  got  on   board  a  sloup  wiiich  lay 
aground  cu-eening  towards  th'*  shore.     Ofi  tiie  cl-r  | 
^ymsn    walk  ng   into    the  waiei',    the  penple   in  tlie  I 
sloop  went  to   tiie  Ujjper  side  of  her  deck,  the  bet  I 
tev  to  view  the  pi^ic-jcding.     The  sudden  ciiange  ofj 
t^leir  weight  to  liie  otiier  si.Ie  righted  the  sloop  and 
tiirew  her  down  inf  shore  witii  siicii  violence  tint  the 
^leople  wer-i  precipitated  isKo  the  river,  and  the  Tes-| 
tsel's  mast  broken  ofPnear  tlie  deck  and  dropt  over- 1 
fooard.     An  aluTwlng  cry  wa*  utteied,  and  tlie  anxi-! 
eJy  of  the  conr-.ourse  directed  to  the  scene  of  danger;! 
^VirSTC,  after  the  so;\ltei-3d  umbratla:;,  beoneis'^^'C.  • 


Si7igular  good  Inch. — On  the  farm  of  Mr.  Peter 
riu>;em-in,  at  Cow  Ni  ck,  Long  Island,  his  hogs  lately 
rooted  up  a  qu.»ntity  of  gold  and  silver  amounting 
to  220  dollars — .he  gold  being  ."inglish  guineas.  It 
is  supposed  to  have  lain  there  since  the  revolutiona- 
ry War. 

Launch  of  the  JVe/«oti.— On  Monday  the  lOth  of 
July,  1814,  the  N;  Ison,  the  largest  line  of  battle 
ship  ever  built  in  England,  was  launched  at  the  Kings 
Yard,  Woolwich. 

The  J'oUuivivg  are  her  dimensions: 
Length  on  the  rvinge  of  the  lower  deck,  from  Ft.  In. 
the  rabit  of  the  stem  to   the  rabit  of  the 
stern  post  205     2 

Length  from  the  aft  part  of  the  fife  rail  to  the 

fore  part  of  the  figure  head  214     0 

Length  of  thr  kf-el  for  tonnage  170  10 

Breadth  moulded  52  11 

Breadth  extreme  52     8 

Breadth  to  the  out  side  of  the  main  walls  54     6 

Depth  in  the  hold  23    0 

Perpendicular  height  from  the  underside  of 
the  false  keel  to  the  upper  part  of  the  fi- 
gure head  ss    ,2 
Perpendicular  height  from  the  under  side  of 
the  false  keel  to  the  upper  part  of  tlie  taff- 
rail  65    2 
Length  of  the  foremast                                        118    1 
Diameter  3     3 
Length  of  the  main  mast                                   127    3 
DiiiTieter                                                                3     g 
Length  of  the  main-top  mast                                77     2 
Length  of  the  mam-yard                                     109     5 
Diameter                                                                   2    2 

Draft  of  water    S  l^-r^^  24     0 

d  Abaft  2J     0 

Bu-lhcn  in  tons  2617  4  94 

Establishment  uf  men  875 

Gun  deck  32  32  prs. 

Middle,  do.  34  24 

Upper,  do.  34   13 

Quarter,  do  6  12  10  car.  42  prs. 

Forecastle  2  13  2       52 

* 

Diving  Be!!.  —Tlie  gentlemen  who  nian  'ge  tlie  ihvr 
ing  bell,  and  who.  la>t  summer,  were  daily  bringiiu^ 
up  curiosities  from  ilie  sunken  v.  reck  of  theBniisii 
frigate  Hussar,  C.  M.  Pole,  coniniuiulcr,  :«i  Ihiii 
Gate,  are  nov/  employed  In  d:viiig  into  tlie  Iiull  of 
tiie  sloop  of  war  Mercury.  J.  .Montague,  cr.nuiK.nd 
er,  sunk  in  1777,  in  lise  Nurtii  1  iver,  opposite  Mi. 
lloulct's seal,  7  miles  Irom  th.  city,  i-roni  the  wreck 
'if  the  Mtirciiry  have  Lteij  broiigiiV  up,  most  of  lier 
guns,  in  a  perfect  st.ite,  .some  den.'ijclins  of  liquor, 
hollies  of  wine,  rum,  purtcr,  clji;u  bo.vls  rivelted 
wiiii  silver,  &c.  &c.  atiaciied  to  whrjij  :nv  oysters 
and  clam  slieils.  Tiie.se  iirticles,  particularly  ihti- 
liquor,  sell  for  enormous  prices,  owing,  no  doubt^ 
to  tiieir  improveintut  from  nearly  40  jears  seclusion 
from   the  air. 

A  friend  iiaving  put  in  our  po.s3Cssioii  Si  eel's  List 
for  October,  1782,  wc  find  tbu  lli  ?  Ilussir  vims  suiik 
by  runninp;  on  tlie  rocks  at  ll'.il  G.it,-  in  1779,  and 
that  tile  .Mercury  wenidov.'ii  in  coiise^qiieiice  of  ruH- 
rtinj^  fottl  of  a  chevsa«.x  de  iVizo  in  1777. 

«Vc'7?-  rorf:  l»f'fr,  1 3 14. 


190 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES"  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


Thief  catching — We  have  seen  a  recipe — Iwm  /oimnn  drstinguisliecl    himseU,  and  publlciy  receiveS 
cr>ok  a  dolp!im—\vW\ch  commences  witli — catch  him  the  approbatioti  of  th:it  g-alhmt  officer.     Wiien  Indi- 


^fiist. — Tiie  followlnt^  is  an  illustration. 

One  night  l.^st  week,  the  Blackstone  Company's 
store  in  this  town  was  broken  optn,  and  a  valuable 
piece  of  gingham  stolen.  A  few  days  after,  it  was 
discovered  concealed  under  some  boards  on  a  wharf. 
Tuesday  night  last  being  very  dark,  tiie  gingham 
was  rei)laced,  and  a  man  set  to  watch  in  a  store  hard 
by,  who  fearing  the  game  might  esca[)e,  attached  a 
cord  to  the  gingham,  tiie  other  end  of  which  he  took 
with  him  into  the  store,  and  patiently  waited  the 
event.  He  had  hardly  seated  himself  ere  he  felt  a 
nibbling,  and  very  soon  a.fnU  bile,  when,  rushing 
from  iiis  concealment,  he  succeeded  in  securing  a 
full  gro>.v;i  villain,  who,  witli  an  accomplice,  were 
sliortiy  after  safely  lodged  in  Xho-jtig. 

I^rovidence  Patriot,  Jan.  7, 1815. 

J\lodern  Practice  and  High  Authority. 

Court  of  Common  Pleas. 

J\tr.    Sergeant    Best — "I    see   my    Lord,  in  iNTr. 

T)_>s  bill  of  particulars,  tli:a  he  charged  117/.  for 

his  bill  of  costs,  in  a  cause  wliere  the  cn^-ma/ subject 

of  litigation  was  only  13^"!!! 

Sir  James  Mansfield,  "You  know  very  ivell  Bro- 
•therBest,  that  suck  things  aiie  veut  commos!!!" 

London  Times ,  jVovember  23,  1810. 

Savj  Fish — Two  Saw  Fish  were  caught  on  Satur- 
diiv  and  Monday  lasf,  m  Mr.  W.  S.  Bennett's  Mill 
Pond,  on  J;'.mes  Island.  The  one  measured  14  feet 
long  and  4  1-2  feet  across  the  fin-;;  the  otiit;r  15  fbel 
long,  and  5  feet  across  the  fins. 

Charleston  paper,  July  6,  1814. 

Running. — Recently  two  young  men,  sons  of  Mr. 
.Tosiiih  Ihinham,  of  VVoodbridge,  New  Jersey,  when 
hunting  for  rabbits  in  a  late  deep  snow,  did  actunlly 
start  a  red  fox,  well  grown  and  firm,  and  aftei- chas- 
ing him  for  five  hours,  from  field  to  field,  and  wood 
to  wood,  overtook  and  kdled  him  with  a  club. — .2 
.severe  task  for  a  horse. 

^Mortality. — Lord  William  Stewart,  commander 
of  tlie  Conquestador,  captain  DniF,  of  the  marines, 
4  midsliipmen,  and  24-  men,  died,  between  the  27th 
Jiuic,  and  the  16ih  July,  of  fever. 

Plymouth,  CEng.J  Jlug.  81. 

Personal  brnvery — From  a  ?.TilledgeviUe,  Georgia, 
p  ipar  of  February  2j,  1814' — fn  the  lieat  of  general 
Floyd's  eng-tgemt'Ot,  one  of  c  ipt.  Thomas's  pieces  of 
artillery,  had,  at  one  time,  bu^  tliree  nien  left,  and 
\\\i  inatchmt-n  were  shot  down  in  succession.  Ai 
this    inrportant  crisi'!,  wiien    the   savage.c,  rushing 


an  audacity  compelled  anotlier  resort  to  arms,  to 
chastise  them  for  tiisn-  aggressions,  Altaway  was 
again  the  first,  among  his  youthful  compatriots,  to 
enrol  himself  a  volunteer  in  the  ranks,  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  state;  and  he  deserves  its  gratitude. — 
No  other  motive  thin  that  which  springs  from  a  well 
directed  amor  patria,  could  induce  him  to  fly  to  the 
banner  of  his  counrj';  for  his  exertions,  as  a  res*- 
ptictable  citizen,  always  insured  him  a  decent  com* 
peiency. 

JK'orth  Carolina   riflemen. —  A   little   circumstanco 
not  otherwise  important  thnn  :is  marking  the  charac- 
ter and  skill  of  the  North  Cirolina  riflemtn,  occur- 
red   some   time  ago  in   Forsyth's   corps,  which  we 
have  not  yet  seen  in  any  newspaper  of  this  state,  and 
which  ought  before    this    to    have  appeared  in  the 
Star.     As    the  story    is  told,  a  schooner  from    the 
Canada  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  sailed  along    the 
river  at  no  great  distance  from  Ogdensburg,  where 
a  centinel  of  this  gallant  corps  was  posted  on  tlie 
bank,  who  thought    the    opportunity  of  trying  his 
nfie    too   favorable  to  be  missed.     He  accordingly 
singled  out  the  best  dressed  man  on  board  the  vessel 
and  fairly  knocked  him  over.     The  British  schooner 
not  suspecting  a  formidable  enemy  so  near,  immedi- 
ately opened  a    tremendous  fire    of  great  guns  and 
musketry,   while   the  Carolinian  stood  quite  uncon- 
cerned behind  a  large  beech  tree,  and  very  leisurelv 
reloaded  his  rifle.     As  soon  as  the  British  slackened 
fire,  he    peeped  out    from  behind    his  covert   and 
brought  down  another  tali  fellow.     The  schooner 
now  thought  it  prudent  to  claw  offj  and  had  just  es- 
caped out  of  rifle  shot  (not  however  « ithout  a  pai-t- 
Ing  salute  from  Beech  fort)  when  the    guard  from 
Ogdensburg  came  up  and  enqun-ed  about  the  firing.^ 
Tile  sentry  very  coolly  observe  1  lliat  he /tad Just  had 
an  engagement  luith  a  British  schooner,  but  she  had 
unluckily  for  him  succeeded  in  getting  off  with  only 
a  small  loss  in  killed  and  wounded! — liulciqh  Star. 


Resigxatios!  irashivgten,  M.  T.  \Qth  Sept.  1813. 
Sill— It  pleased  col.  Constant  fo  put  me  under  ar- 
rest, a  day  or  two  at"ter  the  deparinieof  the  3d  regi- 
ment from  NewOrl-=ins — in  which  situation  I  have 
contniued  bereft  of  m\'  swor'l  in  shose  eventful  hours 
of  danger.  It  appears  to  me  from  a  clause  of  gen. 
Fournoy's  letter,  which  you  were  pleased  to  read 
to  nil',  that  no  order  or  arrangement  for  my  trial  has 
yet  taken  pLiCP;  which  coniinues  my  privations  in 
a  degree  beyond  the  power  of  juiman  fortitude  to 
sustain 

I  have,  tiierefore,  to  apply  to  you  for  alleviation 
with  the  impetuosity  of  a  torrent,  seemed  detcrmin  io^"  my  condition;  by  permitting  me  to  remain  at  or 


ed  to  ti;ke  possession  of  the  ciniioM;  vviieii  ten  men, 
out  of  thirteen,  were  weltering  in  their  gore;  and 
nothing-  but  inevitable  destruction  appeared  to  await 
I'la  remaining  three,  Flzehel  JM-  .-Itlaway  w:tl\  he- 
roic firmness,  wrested  the  traversing  hand-spikc 
from  tire  carriage  of  the  gun,  exciainiingto  his  two 
brave  comrades — "wu'n  this  I  will  defend  tiie  piece, 
as  lol)^^•  as  I  can  stand — we  m-ist  not  give  up  t!ie  gun, 
boys — seiz."  the  first  w,'jpon  you  can  lay  yourhi;nds 
upon,  atid  stick  to  your  ])osts,  until  the  last!"  Al 


in  tlie  vicinity  of  Nalciiez,  until  informed  of  ths 
s^  at  of- my  tri  !,  where  1  shidl  promptly  attend. 

1  cannot  coi,CLive  it  within  t!>e  spirit  of  our  lawp, 
Ihatlshould  hi  carted  about  like  an  Eurc^pean  m-de- 
i'actor  to  iht:  assize,  for  the  purpose  o!  adjudication. 

To  a  siHiatinn  so  horrible,  and  oppression  so  se- 
vere, any  restnd  is  preferable;  I  ii  ive,  therefore, 
througii  you,  to  request,  of  generd  Fiournay  to  nc- 
cep<  ihis  as  my  letter  of  re:s •.^'nation,  to  take  eiTect 
on  tlu-  31si  December.     Tlie  distance  from  my  home 


tiiis  ci-iticnl  juncture,  wiien  nothing  but  sjv.ige  des-jjus'ifies  'he  reqtiest. 
truct  ion  stared  our  lieroi^s  in  the  face,  a  Ciimpany  of  I  In  leaving  the  service,  i  am  not  abandoning  Ilie 
miiskftmen,  came  up  to  their  relief,  and  by  a  sharp  [cause  of  republicanism,  but  yet  hope  to  brandish 
and  '.veil  tlirected  lire,  soon  r-'pu'sed  llie  enemy.  |the  glif.erlng  steel  in  the  fieK!,  and  carve  my  Wiy 
Wf?  notice  tliis  oxainpie  of  deliberate  rravcry,  be-  jto  a  name  which  shnil  prove  my  country's  r.ej;!LCir 
OMise  WK  linnk  Mr.  Att  iway  deserves  more  atlenlion  iand  wiien  the  mortal  part  shall  be  closcaed  in  tlie 
ami  grttitiide  than  he  has  received.  At  Newnim's  jdvint,  and  tlie  soul  sliall  wing  its  flight  fl.r  '.he  region'* 
ever  !Tiemoj-able  battles  in  Kast  Florida,  this  yoting'.'^bove,  in  passing'  by  the  p;de-faced  mccn,  I  shall 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


191 


Tiang'  iTiy  hat  upon  brilliant  Mars,  and  make  a  report 
to  eacli  superlative  star — and  arriving  ut  the  porl;tls 
of  Heaven's  high  cluncery,  shall  deman»l  of  the  at- 
tending anj^el  to   be  ushered  into  the  presence  of 

WASillNOTOX. 

1  am,  bir,  &c.  ROSS  BIRD,  Captain 

31  U.S.  reg.inf 
Lieut,  col.  G.  C.  Russel. 

Sailor''s  letter.  The  followin|j,  says  a  London  pa- 
per, is  a  fjenuine  letter  from  a  sailor,  on  his  return 
tVom  iin  l.idia  voyage: 

IVanen  ilasiin^s'  East  Jndiaman,  uff  Graves 
end,  Jiiarch  24:,  1S13. 

Dear  Rrothdr  Tom,— Tins  cums  hoppln  to  find 
you  in  good  he.iUli,  as  it  leaves  me  safe  anchor'  i 
'nere  vesierday  at  p.  m.  after  a  pleasant  voyage,  toler- 
able short  Hud  few  .squalls.  Dear  Tom— Hopes  to 
find  poor  old  father  stout,  and  am  quite  out  of  pig- 
tail. Sights  of  pigtail  at  Gravesenu,  but  unfortu- 
nately not  fit  for  a  dog  to  chor.  D  .'ar  Tom,  c-xi)tain's 
boy  will  bring  you  this,  and  put  pigtail  in  his  pocket 
when  bort.  Bist  in  London  at  tlie  black  boy  in  se- 
ven diles,  wliere  go,  acks  for  the  best  pigtail,  pound 
pigtail  will  do  and  am  short  of  shirts,  only  took  two 
whereof  one  is  \v<)red  out,  and  tother  most,  but  don't 
forget  the  pigtail,  as  1  not  had  a  quid  to  chor  since 
Thursday.     Dear  Tom,  as  for  shirts,  yor  size  will  do 


cloud  with  a  very  slov/  motion,  and  appsrenlly  cir- 
cumscribed dimensions;  for,  at  the  gie."t  lattitude  at 
which  it  was,  its  di.imeter  did  not  appear  moie  th'^n 
a  few    feet.      Frescnlly,    its   motion  increased,   tiie 
cloud  rolled  ove:    itself  with  a  noise  resembling  that 
of  continual   tlumdei-.      A   terrible   explosion    took 
place;  tile  noise  ceased;  the  cloud  divided  itself;  J^t 
t!»';'  same    instant,  the   inhibitants  of  several  com- 
munes Were    struck  with   terror  at  seeing   falling 
around  tJiem,  stones  of   a  v*Ty  considerable  size, 
mikng  holes  in  the  earth  several  inclies  in  depth. — 
The  count  de  Villeneuve,  prefect  of  the  department 
his  colit'cted  several  of  them.     M.  Lemoiireux  has 
sent  his  brother,  who  is  very  curious  in  such  resc:'rch- 
es,  to  the  place,  to  obtain  all   '.he  information  he  can 
prociu'e.     Tlie  stoni^s  collected  at   Agen  resembled 
those  found  at  L'Aigle,  Landes,  and  other  places;  but 
they  are  of  a  clearer  grey  and  a  thinner  consistency. 
If  they  came  from  the  moon,  they  must  belong  to  a 
more    refined    manufacture,   than  we   have  hitherto 
seen.  M.  Lt-moureux  proposes  to  deposit  these  beau- 
tiful specimens  at  th<e  institute,    and  we  shall  then 
be  better  able  to  judge  of  them. — Journal  di  I'aris, 
Oct.2,1815. 

Wonderful  Travelling.  The  steam-boat  Furrox, 
cap'.  Bunker,  sailed  from  this  place  r<;i  Sunday  morn- 
ing, after  9  o'clock;  arrived  at  Albany  in  20  hours^ 


only  longer,  I  like  ihem  long— get  one  at  present—  kemained  there  7  hours;  left  there  on  ^londay,  af. 
-         ■    ■  -      ■     p^pticular  to' t^*"  ^2  o'clock,  and  got  back  here  in  19  hours,  before 


hastat  Tower  hill,  and  cheap — But  be  p 
ro  to  f  diles  at  the  black-boy  for  the  pig  tail,  and 
Dear  Tom  acks  for  pound  best  pig  tail,  and  let  it  be 
good — captain's  boy  will  put  the  pig  tail  in  his  pock- 
et, he  likes  pig  tail,  so  ty  it  up  Hear  Tom,  shall  be 
up  on  Monday,  there  or  thereabouts — not  so  particu- 
lar fonhe  shirt,  as  the  present  can  be  waslied,  but 
don't  forg;t  the  pig  tail  without  fail,  so  am  your 
loving  broriier.  T.  P. 

P.  S. — Dont  forget  the  pig-tail. 

l^re.     Between  the  hours  of  9  nnd  10  o'clock  of 
the  11th  July,  1814,  tlie  inhibitants  of  Wilmington, 
N.  C  were  alarmed  by  a  cry  of  fire.     This  alarm  im- 
mediately toUdWed  a  severe  clap  of  thunder.     Tlic 
ligluning  had  struck  the  house  near  the  New  Mar- 
ket bsloiiging  to  .Messrs.  John  and  E.  Hall,  in  wliich 
John  Sinclair,  captain  of  the  private  armed  ship  Gen- 
eral Armstrong    resided,    and   wiiich   contained  be- 
tween  30  and  40  stand  of  arms  and  about  50  lbs  of 
powder  made   up   in    cartridges.     Tiie  powder  ex- 
ploded, carrying  away  the  roof  and  making  a  total 
wreck,  of  the  bLiilding.     yo  one  was  in   the   iiouse 
except  captain  Sinclair,  wiio  liad  been  some  time  in 
bed    and  asleep   on  tiie  second  floor.     A   storm  of 
heavy   rain    was    IjUing   vvliich    prevented    the  fire 
from   spreading.      Lanterns    were  procured    and   a 
search  made  for  the  remains,  if  liiey  possibly  couK! 
be  found,  of  the  captain.     To  the  astonishment  of  all 
hie  was  discovered  in  the  entry  of  the  ground  floor, 
scarcely  hurt .    The  first  notice  he  had  of  this  dread- 


7  o'clock  yesterday  morning — thus  liaving  perform- 
ed a  passage  from  New  York  to  Albany,  a  distance 
of  160  miles,  and  back  again,  besides  stopping  at  the 
different    landings  going    and  coming,    in  fortij  sijc 
hours — an  occurrence,  v/e  presume,  never  equalled 
in  this  country.     The  whole  distance  was  at  least 
320  miles,  and  was  run  without  a  sail  up,  or  any  ad-* 
vantage  whatever  from  the  wind,  in  29  hours,  mak- 
ing a  general  average  of  8  miles  and  one  fifth  in  an 
hour.     [Tiie  engine  was  stopped  over  20  limes  on 
passages,  8  of  which  each  •way,    were    at  regular 
landing  places.     And  the  weiglit  on  the  safety-valve 
■iver.aged  less  than  3  lbs.    during  the  whole  time; 
when  8  lbs.  would  have  driven  the  boat  nine  miles 
an  hour.]  Ten  or  even  seven  years  ago,  nothing  short 
of   supernatural  agency   w.:s    supposed  capable    of 
effecting  what  we  now  see  accomplished  by  thege' 
nius  of  Mr.  Fulton.     Since  the  invention  of  bal!<ions, 
no  human  contrivance  Ins  given  to  motion  and  con- 
veyance sucii  speed  and  certainty,  witli  equal  safe- 
ty and  comfort,  ;;s  the  establishment  rd'steam-boatsj 
by  which  a  person   is  now  carried   160  miles  in  one 
day,   and  brought  home  the  wW,  and  ])erfbrms  his 
journey  in  about  the  same  time  it  formerly  required 
to  go  to   Amboy,  Sandy-Hook,  or  a'-y  distance  of  20 
miles  and  back  again.     So  r.stnnishi:ig  ar.d  beneficial 
is  this  truly  admirable  Ame rloaa  iavealio.i. — »^'.  V, 
Columbian. 

The  CoL!T:inTi.    v.V.iiv.ir..—  Fyim    the  PhihuMphia 


ful  event  was,  when  he  awoke,  to  find  himself  seat-]  G":<-'^'«— This  bridge,  over  the  Susquehannah,  at 
ed  on  the  lower  floor,  v.ith  the  descending  rums,  Wnghi's  Feriy,  is  finished  and  accommodates  tra- 
tumbling  about  his  head.  Two  wounds  lie  had  iv-lv-'llers  with  a  safe  and  speedy  passage  nvtr  one  of 
ceived  on  tlte  liead  which  tlie  doctor  did  not  th  ink  j  the  largest  rivers  m  Norlli  Amejic...  This  work  may 
required  a  dressing,  and  a  smUl    contusion  on  tiiel'^-^  justly  consid.-r,>d  the  i)n)miest  monument  ot  the 


liglitlund.     Hie  escape  is  next  to  miraculous. 


larts  ever  erected  in  t!ie  United  Htaies. 

When  tiie  jiroject  was  lirst  staled,  it  appeared 
Pall  of  Stones.  M  Lemoureux,  an  able  naturalist, 'so  stupendous  and  so  far  abov?  tlit^  reach  oflmmati 
an  eyi^-wiiness  of  the  fall  of  slones  at  Agen  on  the  exertion,  that  it  was  gencr.illy  ridiculed  for  its  ex- 
5di,  has  transmitted  tlie  following  relation  to  the  in-'travagance.  F.vcri  emnient  prac'i<-.d  architects  con- 
stitute, tlie  , general  d^pol  of  dl  that  is  scientific  andlsidcied  it  as  chimerical.  The  idea  of  bniiiling  a  per- 
curious  in  France.  ".Vt  elev,>n  iii  the  morning,  tlie  |  man-.nt  bridge  (uer  a  boid,  rapiii  and  turinilent 
sky  was  pure,  c;!m  aid  tran<p  irent,  as  it  is  almost  !>iireani  of  moi-e  than  a  mile  in  extent  v/as  too  v.ist  for 
always  in  the  southern  province :,  and  as  it  st  rarely] minds  only  accustomed  to  contem;da,te  ordinary  d il- 
ls on  our  f'ggy  banks  of  the  Seine.  On  a  sudden,  injficuUies  ;  and  most  (>f  tlie  few  who  perceived  the 
the  north-\fw't,  appeared  at  a  jjrs-t  distance,  adark'practiciibility  of  inc  undertaking',  beUcved  th;it  no-' 


193 


SUPPLEMENT  TO  NILES'  REGISTER— SCRAPS. 


•thinj;^  short  of  a  great  nation  J  exertion  would  be 
adequxleto  cirry  ii.  into  eflect. 

Ta?  great  enterpri?:t,  however,  has  been  accom- 
plislied  by  a  private  comp.»ny  in  about  two  years 
Tl)e  stale  it  is  understood  tiolds  a  part  of  the  stock 
but  advanced  no  money  until  tlie  work  was  done. 

The  bridge  is  built  on  53  insssy  sione  piers  or  pd 
Urs,  including'  tlie  abutments,  ail  of  the  most  siib- 
suntial  workmanship.  The  piers  are  40  feet  long  in 
the  direction  of  the  stream  ;  12  feet  thick  and  23  feet 
liigh  above  low  water.  Tlie  huge  columns  are  built 
in  the  most  solid  manner  with  very  large  stones  (ma- 
ny of  wliich  m^y  be  ."ieen  in  each  pillar  of  sever d 
tons  weight)  and  are  all  founded  on  s^lid  rock  below 
the  bed  of  the  river.  Competent  judges  pronounce 
them  amply  sufucient  to  resist  the  greatest  fury  of 
the  flood. 

The  piers  are  placed  at  equal  distances  of  about 
110  feet,  meri'iring  from  and  to  tlieir  respective 
centres.  Tlie  breadth  of  the  stream  is  5343  feet ; 
the  length  of  the  bridge  is  5686  feet — the  excess  of 
'353  feet  is  tiken  up  in  reaching  from  llie  water's  edge 
on  eacli  side,  to  each  side  of  the  bank. 

The  superslrucUire  is  of  wood— long  pieces  of 
timbor  are  put  togjlhar  on  architectural  principles, 
and  from  pier  to  \iw,  givmg  the  bridge  a  small  cur- 
rature  between  each.  Those  limbers  are  so  large, 
numerous  and  skdfuUy  put  together,  that  loaded 
waggons  passing  over  the  bridge  produce  scarcely 
any  perceptible  shaking  of  the  frame. 

The  bridge  erected  on  the  piers  is  thirty  feet  wide, 
nvitha  partition  in  themidiileof  strong  frame  wo:k; 
which,  as  well  as  tlie  ptrapet  or  side  wall,  is  aboui 
five  feet  above  the  floor,  weather-boarded  on  lK)th 
sides  md  capped  with  shingles,  by  which  the  timbers 
are  well  secure''  against  'he  weatlier — '^xciting  the 
idea  of  great  strength  and  dur;ibilit\ ,  and  the  whole 
presenting  as  complete  a  specimen  of  architecture, 
on  as  great  scale  as  any  perhaps  lo  be  found  in  any 
other  country.  I.  cost  about  one  hundred  and  eighty 
Sliousand  dollars. 

Tiie  citizens  of  Culumbia,  in  Lancaster  county, 
were  the  projectors  of  this  great  undertaking,  and 
by  their  perseverance  liave  accomplished  a  work 
which  entitles  them  to  a  high  rank  among  the  bene- 
factors of  the  nation. 

The  Hndertakers  were  Messrs.  Henry  and  Samuel 
Sliymaker,  of  Lancaster  county,  and  Mr.  .lohn  Wol- 
cot  of  Connecticut — the  list  of  wiiim  we  un.ler- 
sLand  was  the  principal  architect,  all  of  wliom  have 
yjust  claim  to  the  gratitude  of  their  country  and  of 
posterity, 

Tiie  first  stone  was  liid  in  S'-ptember,  181^  and 
fh-^  bridge  was  opened  for  public  u^e  on  th-  1st  day 
of  Djceniebr,  1814— the  very  day  on  which  ilie  con 
tractors  liad,  two  years  before,  bound  themselves  to 
have  it  finisiied,  and  it  gives  us  pleasure  to  :(dd,  that 
MO  s:;rir)us  accident  liappened  during  all  thit  time,  to 
any  of  theliands  employed  or  others  concerned. 

The  bridge  is  built  where  the  main  ro.ad  from  Phi- 
Udelphia  to  I'lttsburgh  crosses  the  river. 

American  Files.  From  the  Boston  Patriot.  The 
writer  of  t'nis  article  has  Intely  seen  a  (specimen  of 
Files  manufactured  in  this  vicinity,  which  has  every 
appearanceof  being  equal  to  any  whicii  are  imported. 
Tiiey  liive  beon  used  for  various  purposes,  and  are 
liighlv  .Tpproved. 

It  deserves  no' ice  that  the  these  files  .are  made  by 
a  machine,  wholly  the  invention  of  Mr.  John  Hatch, 
a  young  meclianic  now  residing  in  Hingham,  wher 
his  connexions  aie  living.  It  is  said  that  no  inarliiuc- 
ry  has  ev.-r  h'^fore  been  invented,  even  in  England, 
for  making  files.  For  this  the  inventor  iias  ubi  lined 
a  patent.     The  cost  of  erecting  a  machin;-  o*  this 


END  OF  bUPPl^EMEMT  TO  VOl^.  l^. 


kind  is  only  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  doli.irK, 
and  when  in  operation,  makes  from  eight  to  twelvfe" 
<iozen  of  12  inch  files  in  a  day.  A  sliort  time  be- 
fore the  close  of  the  hte  war,  this  machine  was 
brought  into  operation.  It  has  cost  the  inventor 
much  time,  labor,  and  expense,  and  claims  for  him 
I  Ik-  patronage  of  the  friends  of  tlie  useful  arts.  This 
young,  enterprising  mechanic  has  succeeded  in  his 
undertaking  by  the  force  of  his  genius  and  persevei- 
ing  application,  unassisted  by  superior  advantages. 
Mechjnics  are  invited  to  patronize  this  useful  acr 
quisition. 

Cast  Iron.—Ymm  a  late  London  nubllcation— It 
has  been  mentioned  that  cast-iron,  when  at  a  certaift 
degree  of  heat,  may  be  cut  like  a  piece  of  wood  witjj 
a  comtiion  saw.  The  discovery  was  announced  in  a 
leticr  from  M.  Diiford,  director  of  the  iron-works  at 
Montiil'iire,  to  M.  D'Arcet,  jind  publislied  in  the 
Annales  de  Ci.imie.  This  experiment  Tvas  tried  at 
Glasg<)w,  with  complete  success,  by  a  gentleman  of 
the  philosophical  society  there  ;  who,  in'tlic  presence 
of  the  workmen  belonging  to  an  ironmonger,  cut  with 
the  greatest  ease  a  bar  of  cast-iron,  previously  heat- 
ed to  a  cherry  red,  with  a  common  carpenter's  saw, 
in  the  course  of  less  than  two  minute*  ;  the  saw  was 
not  in  the  least  injured  by  the  operation. 

CniTisu  NATnnAT.izATtoN— 1740, 13ih  year  of  Geo 
IT— Ch.jpter3,  the  act  entitle  1,  "\n  act  for  the  bet- 
ter  supply  of  mariners  and  seamen  to  serve  his  ma- 
jesty's ships  of  wnr,  and  on  board  merchant  ships  .ind 
otiier  trading  siiips  and  privateers." 

Sec.  2  "An  .act  for  the  better  encouraging  of  fo- 
reign mariners  and  seamen  to  come  and  serve  on 
board  ships  belonging  to  this  kingdom  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, be  it  fiirllier  enacted  by  the  authority  afore- 
said, that  every  sucli  for-»ign  m;irinprs  or  seamen 
wiio  sh<ill  from  and  after  Hie  first  day  of  Janua- 
ry, 1739,  hare  faithfully  served  during  the  time  of 
war  on  board  any  of  ills  majest^y's  ships  of  war,  or 
.any  merclunt  or  otiiw  tr.iding  ship  or  ships,  vessel 
(*r  vessels,  or  privateers  (which  at  the  time  of  such 
service  shall  belongto  any  of  his  m  ijest) 's  subjects 
of  Great  Britain)  for  the  space  of  two  years, "shall 
to  all  intents  .iud  purposes  be  deemed  and  taken  to 
be  a  natural  born  subjrct  of  his  majesty's  kingdom 
of  Gre-t  Britain,  and  h.'iVe  and  enjoy  the  privileges, 
power,  right  and  Capacities  which  such  foreign  "ma- 
riner or  seaman  coul  1,  siiould  or  ought  to  have  iiad 
and  enjoyed  in  case  he  had  been  a  native  born  sub- 
ject of  his  majesty  and  actually  a  native  within  the 
kingdom  of  Great  Britain. 

[Statutes  at  large,  Cdi  vol.  p,  379.] 

Musketry.  It  is  an  important  fi.ct,  tliat  84  sFiots 
are  fired  by  hired  troopi^  'o  kill  one  man;  tlio  bat- 
rh's  of  Marengo  .ind  of  Austeiliiz,  are  in  proof  tha^ 
the  number  killed  was  in  tiiat  proj)ortion. — Aurora.. 

Jitasonic.  A  short  time  since,  the  Frencli  priva- 
teer Le  Puret  c  ptured  the  Irish  bri^  Two  Friends, 
when  a  sliort  conversation  commenced  between  the 
French  and  British  captains;  and  the  signals  of  ma- 
sonry were  interclianged  between  them:  Merien- 
Cfuirt,  the  French  c.ptain,  generously  beslowt-d  the 
prize,  with  Iier  cargo,  on  c.<ptain  Cnmpbell,  as  a  to- 
ken of  resp''ct  for  the  ancient  and    illustrious  craft; 

Mid  the  brig  proceeded  unmidested  on  her  voyage.— 
Several  lodges  have  testified  their  approbntinn  of 
this  gallant  Frencliman's  conduct;  and  the  Union 
Fjodge  of  Limerick  has  r-;8olvea  to  present  jilm  with 
an  clcg.uU  cup,  value  100  guineas,  with  an  appro- 
priate  inscription   to  comm^.m  ante    ibis   illustrious 

xample  of  masonic  vir'iie. — Ualifux  pa^er.. 


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