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Vol.  III. 


April,   19O5 


No.  4 


RESOURCES 


OF 


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CHICAGO  • 


A  MONTHLY  REVIEW  of  the  Developed 

and  Undeveloped  WEALTH  of  the 
DOMINION  of  CANADA  and  of  NEWFOUNDLAND 


Board  of  Trade  Building, 
MONTREAL,  CANADA. 


TEN  CENTS  A  COPY 
ONE  DOLLAR  AYEAR 


RESOURCES 


j 

Grand  Trunk  Ry.  System 

"  INTERNATIONAL 

One  of  the  Fastest  Ixmg  Dis- 
tance Trains   in    the  World,        ^m 
running  through  the  largest        flOHtF 
and  most    prosperous    towns 
and  cities  of  Canada  and  the 
States  of  Michigan,    Indiana        /"%'!     • 
and  Illinois                                          LlllCaj 
Runs  Every  Day                            K 

,    LIMITED" 

—  LEAVES  — 

eal  9.00  a.m. 

—  ARRIVES  — 

>o  7.20  a.m. 

EXT  MORNING 

Solid  wide  Vestibule  Train 
with    elegant     First-class 
Coaches,   Pullman    Sleep- 
ing Cars  MONTREAL,   to 
CHICAGO. 

Grand    Trunk     Standard 
Cafe-  Parlor    Car,    serving 
meals  and  refreshments  a 
la   Carte   MONTREAL  to 
DETROIT,     NIAGARA 
FAI^Sand  BUFFALO. 

I,ve.  MONTREAL  (Bonaventure)   -  9.00  a.m. 
Arr.  Cornwall         -        -                         0.20    " 
Prescott                                    -        1.14      ' 
Brockville                                         1.33      ' 
Thousands  Islands  Jet                  2.08  p  m. 
Kingston         -                                 2.46      ' 
Napanee                                            1.08      ' 
Belleville        -       -               -        1.37 
Cobourg  -        -                        -        2.35 
Port  Hope                                         2.45 
TORONTO      -        ...         4.30      • 
HAMILTON  -        -        .                  5.30     " 

A  r.  St.  Catharines                -        -        7.39  p.m. 
Niagara  Falls,  N.Y.                       8.05      ' 
.       BUFFALO.  N.Y.    -        -        -         9.22      ' 

A  r.  Woodstock     -                                 7.00  p  m. 
IvOndon    -                                         7.38      ' 
Chatham                                           9.08 
Windsor  (Kast.  Time)          -       10.05 
DETROIT  (Cent;  Time)               9.30      • 
Durand    -                                       11.50     ' 
Lansing  -                                        12.553.111. 
CHICAGO                       -        -        7.20    " 

I,ake  Ontario  in  view  for 
more  than  100  miles  of  the 
journey.     Fast  time.     Po- 
lite   employees.     Grand 
Scenery    and     unexcelled 
equipment. 

G.  T.  BKU,, 
r,     Gen.  Pass,  &  Ticket  Agent, 
MONTREAL, 

H.  G.  EWOTT, 
en.  Pass.  &  Ticket  Agent, 
MONTREAL. 

CHAS.  M.   HAYS,                     W.  E.  DAVIS 
Second  Vice-Pres.  &  Gen.  Mgr,     Pass.  Traffic  Mg 
MONTREAL.                          MONTREAL. 

GEO.  W.  VAUX, 
Asst.  Gen.  Pass.  &  Ticket  Agent,           Asst.  C 
CHICAGO. 

EST.    1858 


Edwardsburg  Starch  Co. 


LIMITED 


-MANUFACTURERS     O  F  - 

Benson's  Prepared  Corn  Starch 

Edwardsburgh  Silver  Gloss  Starch 
Crown  Brand  Sryup 

GLUCOSE— GRAPE  SUGAR— GLUTEN  MEAL  and 
FEED— CORN  OIL 


MAPLE 
1  LEAF 
ROUTE 


TREAT 
.WESTERN 

RAILWAY 


Betvveerv.CHica.cyo, 
St.Pecvil,  A\irvrveaLpolis 
Kak.rx.sak.js  City  -  Sk.rvd 


J.  P. 

GENERAL  PASSENGER  AGENT. 
C-HICAGO,  I'LL. 


Intercolonial  Railway 

"  FI 
"  S^ 
"  M( 
"  TC 
"  A 
"  TI 

i 

"  FC 

SEVEN    NEW 
PUBLICATIONS 

SHING  AND  HUNTING" 
JUMON   FISHING  " 
DOSE  OF  THE  MIRAMICHI  " 
)URS  TO  SUMMER  HAUNTS  " 
WEEK  IN  THE  CANAAN  WOODS  " 
ME  TABLE  OF  CANADA'S  FAMOUS 
FRAIN,  THE  '  MARITIME  EXPRESS,' 
WITH  DESCRIPTIVE  NOTES  '  ' 
>REST,  STREAM  AND  SEASHORE  " 

Write    General  Passenger  Department, 
New  Brunswick,  for  free  copies 

Moncton, 

In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


RESOURCES 


Chief  Agents  in  Canada  for 

AI4.IANCE  MAR.  &  GEN.  ASSURANCE  CO. 
BRITISH  &  FOREIGN  MARINE  INS.  CO. 
GENERAL  MARINE  INS.  CO. 
MARITIME  INSURANCE  COMPANY 
RELIANCE  MARINE  INSURANCE  CO. 
ROYAL  EXCHANGE  ASSURANCE  (Marine) 
ST.  PAUL  FIRE  &  MARINE  INS.  CO. 
SEA  INSURANCE  CO. 
THAMES  &  MERSEY  MARINE  INS.  CO. 


MANAGING  AGENTS  OF 

THE  PROFITS  &    INCOME   INSURANCE  CO- 
LIMITED,  LONDON 

The  only  Company  specially  devoted  to  the  in- 
surance of  consequential  loss 


DALE 


COMPANY 


Marine     and     Fire     Underwriters 
Underwriting  Members  of  Lloyds 

Unlimited   facilities   for   insuring   Inland  and  Ocean  Marine  Hulls, 
Freights,   Cargoes  and   Registered   Mail 

Certificates   payable    in   any   part   of  the    world 

3O  St.  Francois  Xavier  Street  Montreal 


•A  CORNER   IN   SMOKING  ROOM   OF  SS.    "TUNISIAN." 


Allan   Line 

ROYAL  MAIL  STEAMERS 

Montreal  to  Liverpool 

NK\V    FAST   TRIPLE   SCRKW   TURHINK   STEAMERS 

"VICTORIAN"   AND  "VIRGINIAN  ",,.000  TO,,S 

T  W  I  N  -  S  C  R  E  W     S  T  K  A  M  E  R  S 

"  TUNISIAN,"  „>,.,-,  TOns   "  BAVARIAN,"  ,.,..,,,,  T,,,« 
"  IONIAN,"  9,000  TO™         "  PARISIAN,"  5,3*5  T™» 

A'/:'(,'f  7..1A'    I!  •/•:/•;  A'/. ) '  SAJf./XdS 

I  'nsurpassed  Accommodation  Afodcratc  A'a/cs. 

Apply  to  II.   &  A.   ALLAN, 

MONTREAL 


Canada  Atlantic  Ry. 


THE  numerous  Mill  Sites,  Water 
Powers,  vast  Timber  and  Min- 
eral Lands  adjacent  to  this  Railroad, 
afford  desirable  locations  for  Wood 
Working  Factories,  Flour  Mills  and 
manufacturing  enterprises  of  every 
description.  Liberal  encouragement 
will  be  given  manufacturers,  and  cor- 
respondence is  invited. 


E.  R.  BREMNER, 

Asst.  Gen.  Freight  Agent 


W.  P.  HINTON, 

Gen.  Freight  Agent 


OTTAWA,  ONI. 


Quebec  ®  Lake  St.  John 

Railway 


Excellent  Land 
for  Sale  by  Gov- 
ernment in  Lake 
St.  John  Valley  at 
nominal  prices 


New  settlers,  their  families 
and  a  limited  quantity  of 
effects  will  be  transported  by 
the  Railway  free.  Special  ad- 
vantages offered  to  parties 
establishing  mills  and  other 
industries. 


This  Railway  runs 
through  200  miles  of 
the  finest  spruce  forests 
in  America,  through  a 
country  abounding  in 
water-powers,  and  of 
easy  access  to  steam- 
ship docks  at  Quebec. 
An  ideal  I  oca (ton  for  the 
pulp  industry. 
* 

For  information  address  the  Offices 
of  the  Company,  Quebec,  Que. 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES. 


RESOURCES 


Improved  Farms  and  Ranching  Lands 

«  O  £*    /\/\/\      A  This  land  is  in   the  famous  Quill   Plains.     A  rich  black  loam 

I  /  *>    I  I      A  Ct*PS    of  a  depth  of  two  feet,  with  a  clay  sub-soil.     Water  is  found  at  a 

***»^JvW     *»Vf***»J    depth  of  from   ten  to  twenty  feet.     The  luxuriant  grass  and  pea 

vine  growing  on  these  prairies  makes  this  district  a  paradise  for  stock.    The  Canadian  Northern 

Railway,  now  in  operation,  passes  through  these  lands.     Within  the  past  year  no  fewer  than 

fourteen  towns  have  sprung  up  in  this  district  of  Saskatchewan. 


70,000  Acres 


This  is  a  magnificent  tract  of  land,  suitable  for  ranching  and 
mixed  farming.    Ranching  is    in  actual  operation  on  the   land. 
Owners  retiring  from  business.    These  lands  are  well  watered 
and  covered  with  luxuriant  grasses.    This  is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  land  in  Western  Canada. 


I  have  some  splendid  farm  lands  in  Manitoba,  in  the   famous  Carman  district,  the  '•  Garden  Spot 
of  Manitoba,"  and  within  thirty  miles  of  the  city  of  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 


An  improved  farm  of  960  acres,  between  two  lines  of  railway,  30  miles 
from  Winnipeg.  15,000  bushels  of  splendid  wheat,  in  addition  to  the  other 
grains,  were  taken  off  this  farm  last  year.  Owner  is  retiring  from 


960  Acres 

business.    This  is  a  first-class  opportunity  fora  man  with  a  little  capital.     For  particulars  address 


C.   W.    N.    KENNEDY 

Financial  and  Real  Estate  BroKer 
361   MAIN   STREET 


I  buy  and  sell  lands  all  over  Western  Canada. 

'WINNIPEG,    MAN.,    CANADA      Reference— Imperial  Bank  of  Canada,  Winnipeg. 


Finest 
Farming 
Lands  in 
Western 
Canada 


Established    1881 

Reference :  Bank  of  Ottawa 

Winnipeg 


Improved  and  Unimproved,  at  prices 
ranging  from  $6.00  to  $35.00  per  acre,  ac- 
cording to  distance  from  Winnipeg,  the  capital 
city.  These  lands  produce  from  20  to  30  bushels 
of  wheat  per  acre. 

CJ  Also,  lands  suitable  for  R-ancHing  and 
Mixed  Farming — $5.00  per  acre  and  upward. 

CJ  Western  Canada  lands  are  rising  in  value. 
Buy  now. 

CJ  Write  for  particulars  to 

JAMES  SCOTT, 

Real    Estate   Ag'ent 
197  Portag'e  Avenue  East 

Winnipeg,    Manitoba,   Canada 


REGINA    WHEAT     BELT  ! 


Is  attracting  people  from  all  over 
the  world 


-WHY    NOT    YOU? 


If  you  want  to  better  your  con- 
dition write  us.  We  have  propo- 
sitions you  cannot  afford  to  miss. 


J.    M.    YOUNG    &    SONS 

Land  Owners  and  Financial  Agents 
REGINA,  N.W.T.  CANADA 


G.  T.  MARSH 

LAND,  LOAN,  INSURANCE 

and 
GENERAL  AGENT 


REGINA,  N.W.T. 


CANADA 


CANADIAN 

IMPROVED   LANDS 

Improved  Farms  and  large  tracts  of 
unimproved  lands  in  the 

SASKATCHEWAN    VALLEY 

AND 

INDIAN  HEAD  and  REGINA  DISTRICTS 

First  Mortgage  Loans  negotiated. 


STONER  &   COMPANY,  LIMITED, 

Advertising  and  Business  Agents, 
Box  412  REGINA,  CANADA 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


RESOURCES 


Natural  Gas 


AT 


Medicine  Hat 

North-West     Territories 


ABOUT  MEDICINE  HAT.— Medicine  Hat  is  the  model  town  of  Canada. 
Municipal  ownership  is  carried  further  in  Medicine  Hat  than  any 
place  in  the  Dominion,  and  the  resnlts  are  good.  The  town  owns 

its  waterworks  and  fire  protection  system,  its  natural  gas  heating  and 
lighting  system  :  its  street  lighting  system  ;  is  spending  Jho.oooon  a  sewer- 
age system  this  year :  has  excellent  schools,  churches,  hospitals,  stores, 
hotels.  iKinks.  good  streets,  etc.  Medicine  Hat  combines  more  that  is  com- 


fortable, coiive 


Canat 
Medic 


.     Medi 
le  Hat  1 


lient  and  up-to-date  in  her  home  life  than  any  town  in 
iue  Hat  is  the  largest  stock  shipping  ]Mjint  in  the  West. 
as  coal  mines.  What  we  advertise  alnmt  Medicine  Hat  we 


can  1>;  ck  up.  Ve  are  out  with  the  "goods."  Medicine  Hat  wants  people 
ies.  Medicine  Hat  wants  people  who  visit  Western  Canada 
to  sto  off  a  da  •  or  two  and  look  into  the  natural  resources. 

THE  CLIMATE.—  Medicine  Hat  s  climate  is  the  most  equable  of  any 
place  in  Canada,  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


MKDICINE  HAT,  in  the  centre  of  the  Canadian  North-West,  is 
a  natural  gas  city.  Gas  can  be  found  at  depths  varying  from  600  to 
1,000  feet.  The  town  owns  the  gas  system  and  sells  gas  to  over  400 
customers  at  seventeen  and  one-half  cents  per  thousand.  On  January  24th  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  struck  an  immense  gas  flow  at  Medicine  Hat.  The 
pressure  on  the  main  town  well  has  shown  over  625  pounds,  and  in  the  C.  P.  R- 
well  a  similar  pressure.  The  field  from  which  the  gas  is  drawn  has  been  proved 
for  90  miles  east  and  west,  and  30  miles  north  and  south. 

Important  to  Manufacturers. — The  Town  Council  of  Medi- 
cine Hat  has  adopted  the  following  manufacturers'  rateforgas  :  "  On  a  gas  con- 
sumption exceeding  100,000  feet  per  month — first  100,000  feet  at  present  schedule 
rates;  second  100,000  feet  at  \2\ic  per  i.ooo  feet;  third  100,000  feet  at  loc  per 
1,000.  To  manufacturers  investing  £20,000  or  more  in  Medicine  Hat,  and  em- 
ploying ten  or  more  men,  and  using  beyond  300,01)0  feet  per  month,  a  manufac- 
turers' rate  of  five  cents  per  thousand."  The  object  of  this  rate  is  to  encourage 
the  location  of  manufacturing  industries  at  Medicine  Hat.  A  gas  well  1,000 
feet  deep,  with  a  daily  flow  of  over  one  million  feet  of  natural  gas,  piped  with 
4^6  inch  casing,  can  be  put  down  for  between  $4,500  and  $5,000.  There  are 
openings  at  Medicine  Hat  for  a  meat  canning  factory,  an  abattoir  and  cold  stor- 
age plant,  woollen  mills,  knitting  factories,  common  brick  and  red  pressed  brick 
plants,  sandstone  quarries,  developing  cement  and  clay  deposits.  The  rapid  de- 
velopment of  the  Canadian  North-West  makes  a  good  market  for  many  lines  of 
manufactured  products.  Medicine  Hat  is  the  proper  location  for  manufacturers. 

Information. — Anyone  desiring  further  information  about  Medicine 
Hat  can  get  it  by  addressing  FRED.  G.  FORSTER.,  Mayor. 


Manitoba 
Wheat 
Lands 


\  T  7K  have  a  number  of  improved  farms  for 
V  V       sale  at  from  $15.00  to  $25.00  per  acre. 

ALSO 

Wild    Lands    at    from  $7.50    upwards    in  good 
districts.      Write 

Nares,  Robinson  ®  Black 

381  Main  Street        "WINNIPEG,  MAN. 


p()R  SAU<:— S.ooo  ACRKS  IN  THH  FA- 
•*•  mous  Moose  Mountain  District  ;  price 
and  terms  easy ;  eight  hundred  acres  im- 
proved farm,  close  toelevators,  for  sale  cheap. 
Several  first  class  improved  farms  for  sale  in 
this  district ;  prices  ranging  from  $20  to  f 25 
per  acre.  Apply  to  ('•. U.K.,  "  RKSorRCKS," 
Montreal. 


FOR  INDUSTRIAL  AND 

AGRICULTURAL  OPPORTUNITIES 

IN  THE 
CAI.GARY  DISTRICT 


CALGARY,  ALBERTA 

THE  City  of  Calgary,  the  financial  and  wholesale  centre  of  Allicrta,  is  the  largest 
town  in  the  Territories.  It  has  a  population  of  about  10,000,  which  is  rapidly 
increasing.  It  is  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bow  and  Kll>ow  Rivers,  aliout 
70  miles  East  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  ranching  districts  of 
Allierta,  and  supplies  many  of  the  mining  towns  to  the  West.  It  is  built  principally 
of  sandstone,  and  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Calgary  and  Edmonton  branches  with  the 
main  line  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway.  It  is  the  Western  general  headquarters 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway;  it  is  also  an  important  station  of  the  Mounted  Police, 
and  in  a  variety  of  waysdoes  a  large  and  increasing  business.  It  has  water-works, 
electric  h -In.  several  banks  and  wholesale  houiet,  firit-claif  hotelt.  several 
churches,  two  large  hospitals,  public  and  private  schools,  government  creamery 
and  excellent  stores. 


WRITE  TO 

THE  SECRETARY, 

BOARD  OK  TRADE, 

CALGARY,  AIJIERTA 


PRAIRIE  LAND 


-r.      Wherf      ran   yam     Jf«t    II    *lltrpt   In 

fur    «r*l>    l.d    aUllr.       ««od    ellm.lf. 

18113.    IIIHJ    f.mlllr.    In     IWIi.      WrIU 


with    *nm*    llMh 
V»D»d»l       Bnl 

Kl.r    riBlllr.    In 

ii'     f>>r    map    iiml    drmrrlfitlon.      Sumi-    hom*tl*ad«    l*fl. 

J..!n  HprlMc  Kxntnlun.      <  hr»n  Unrt  on  Urn  ??*r«  !!•«. 

Scandinavian  Canadian  Land  Co., 

I!'.!    n.»hlnKl..n  Nlrrrl,  .  .  CIIIC1UO,  ILL. 


pOR  SALE— ONE  AND  ONE-QUARTER 
-*•  sections  of  land,  fenced,  12  miles  from  Cal- 
gary ;  seven-room  house,  good  ranch  buildings, 
running  water,  convenient  to  church,  school  and 
P.O.  ApplyO.O.K.,  "RESOURCES,"  Montreal. 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


DOUKHOBOR   WOMKN    DOING    KMBROIDKRY   AND   DRAWN   THRKAD   WORK 
FOR   WHICH   THE  CANADIAN    NATIONAL,   COUNCIL,  OF    WOMEN    IS   TRYING   TO    FIND    A   SALE 


'T^HE  wonderful  prosperity  of  the  Doukhobor  colony  funrshes  enough 
material  to  substantiate  the  wildest  claims  of  the  most  enthusiastic 
Canadian  immigration  agent  that  ever  existed,  besides  putting  for  ever  at 
rest  the  sneers  of  the  wiseacres  who  scoffed  at  the  idea  of  these  peaceful, 
hardworking  people  making  good  settlers. 

The  colony  has  now  600  heavy  teams,  1,000  milking  cows,  1,000  sheep, 
which  are  kept  for  breeding  purposes  ;  200  binders,  200  mowers,  20  steam 
threshing  machines,  6  grist  mills,  4  saw  mills  and  one  brick  yard,  besides  all 
the  waggons,  harrowers  and  other  implements  necessary  to  farming.  Two 
years  ago  the  whole  colony  was  practically  penniless.  To-day  thousands  of 
acres  are  sown  in  wheat,  barley,  oats  and  flax.  Only  two  weeks  ago  the 
colony  paid  J> 25,000  for  ten  complete  steam  ploughs  of  25  horse-power  each. 
These  engines  are  capable  of  drawing  eight  ordinary  ploughs.  Figures  such 
as  these  are  eloquent  in  themselves.  One  must  feel  convinced  that  these 
Russian  Quakers  have  found  in  Canada  the  "  Promised  Land." 


RESOURCES 

DEVELOPED  AND  UNDEVELOPED   OF  BRITISH  NORTH  AMERICA 


Vol.    III. 


MONTREAL,    CANADA,    APRIL,    19O5 


No.   4 


DOUKIIOHOR    VII.I.AC.K   STREET,    SHOWING    HOUSES    IN"    PROCKSS   OH 
CONSTRTCTION — 1'IIOTO   TAKEN    21;    VKARS   AGO 


TKe   TriumpK   of  Peace 


OUAk'l-.RS  (>/•'  CANADA—  Till-. 


EW  chapters  of  Canadian  history  are  more  encourag- 
ing to  the  settler  without  capital  than  the  story  of 
the  Doukhobortsi  colonies  in  Assiniboia  and  Sas- 
katchewan. Six  years  ago  these  Russian  "spirit- 
wrestlers"  arrived  at  our  shores,  penniless,  and 
already  indebted 
for  aid  to  various 
friends  in  Europe  and  America. 
Now  they  have  comfortable 
homes,  well-stocked  farms  and 
large  bank  accounts,  and  are 
already  aiding  the  poorer  new- 
comers in  their  neighborhood 
both  with  money  and  personal 
service. 

It  was  about  a  century  and 
a  half  before  their  hurried  flight 
to  Canada  that  the  Doukhobortsi 
had  separated  from  the  estab- 
lished Greek  Church  and  adopted 
as  the  principles  of  their  faith 
tenets  very  similar  to  those  held 
by  the  Society  of  Friends.  For 
nearly  one  hundred  years  the 
whole  sect  lived  together  in  a  fer- 
tile district  of  the  Crimea,  but 
owing  to  their  constant  refusal  to 
bear  arms,  the  entire  community  was  transported  in  1842  to  the 
barren  highlands  of  the  Caucasus.  Still  the  men  refused  to  fight, 


THRESHING    SCENK — PETER    VKRKGIN,    THE   LEADER   OK   THK   DOUKHOBORS, 

BEHIND   HIS   SPLENDID   BI.ACK   TEAM.      SIMEON    RIEBIN,    THE 

INTERPRETER,   AT  THE  HORSE'S  HEAD. 


and  eighteen  years  of  Siberian  exile  were  meted  out  to  them  as  the 
only  alternative  to  military  service.  In  iSSy  universal  conscrip- 
tion was  introduced  into  the  Caucasus,  and  the  life  of  the  Douk- 
hobors  became  a  long  series  of  persecutions.  From  this  time  on 
their  only  chance  of  freedom  lay  in  quitting  the  country  whose 

laws  were  so  much  at  variance 
with  the  dictates  of  their  consci- 
ence. At  last,  through  a  visit  of 
the  Dowager  Czarina  to  Tiflis  in 
1X98,  they  managed  to  reach  the 
ear  of  the  C/.ar  and  'secure  his 
permission  to  emigrate. 

Various  friends,  notably  the 
Quakers  of  Manchester  and 
Philadelphia,  at  once  came  for- 
ward to  help  the  peace-loving 
community  in  its  voluntary  ex- 
patriation. A  new  home  had  to  be 
found,  and  of  the  various  lands 
considered  Canada  suggested  it- 
self as  the  most  likely  asylum, 
partly  because  of  its  free  home- 
steads, but  more  particularly'on 
account  of  the  clause  in  its  mili- 
tary code  exempting  from  service 
those  who  have  conscientious  ob- 
jections to  warfare.  Prof.  Mavor, 
of  Toronto  University,  conducted  the  negotiations  with  the  Do- 
minion Government.  The  next  Caucasian  draft  for  the  army 


RESOURCES 


was  near  at  hand,  so  all  the  young  men  capable  of  bearing  arms 
had  to  be  hurried  overseas  in  the  first  contingent,  and  a  shipload 
of  2,000  souls,  under  the  convoy  of  Aylmer  Maude  and  Prince 
Hilkoff,  nephew  of  the  Russian  Minister  of  Railways,  sailed  out 
of  the  Black  Sea  in  the  depth  of 
winter.  They  arrived  at  Hali- 
fax in  January,  1899,  and  as  the 
vessel  entered  the  harbor  [the 
whole  band,  twenty  times  the 
number  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers, 
sang  together  their  hymn  of 
thanksgiving  :  ' '  Know  all  men 
that  God  is  with  us.  He  has 
carried  us  through."  Within  the 
next  six  months,  7,361  Douk- 
hobors,  nearly  the  entire  sect, 
had  left  home  and  country  for 
conscience's  sake,  and  had  taken 
up  their  abode  in  tents  on  the 
wind-swept  plains  of  the  Cana- 
dian North- West.  There  re- 
mained behind  only  the  wives 
and  families  of  the  eighty-seven 
men  who  were  still  exiled  in  Si- 
beria. 

The  settlement  was  not,  of  course,  effected  without  consider- 
able expense.  The  Doukhobor  savings  had  been  so  exhausted 
by  the  long  exile  in  the  Caucasus,  that  they  were  barely  sufficient 
to  defray  the  cost  of  the  sea  voyage,  so  help  had  to  come  from 
other  sources.  Mrs.  Aylmer  Maude  contributed  the  profits  on 
her  translation  of  Tolstoi's  "  Resurrection,"  while  the  author  of 
that  work  himself  subscribed  $17,000,  the  fruits  of  his  literary 
labors.  The  Society  of  Friends,  both  in  Lancashire  and  Penn- 
sylvania, raised  a  large  sum  for  the  aid  of  their  Russian  brethren, 
and  the  Dominion  Government  handed  over  directly  to  the  Douk- 
hobor fund  the  $5  per  head  which  is 
ordinarily  allowed  to  the  steamship  com- 
panies bringing  in  immigrants. 

The  little  colony  was  broken  up  into 
two  divisions,  and  5,600  of  the  Doukho- 
bors  were  assigned  to  the  Kamsack  dis- 
trict, between  Yorkton  and  Swan  River, 
while  the  remainder  were  settled  near  the 
"Elbow,"  on  the  south  branch  of  the 
Saskatchewan,  west  of  Saskatoon.  Every 
effort  was  made  to  modify,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, existing  conditions  to  suit  the  new- 
comers. The  Department  of  the  Interior 
relaxed  the  homestead  regulations,  so 
that  the  settlers  might  retain  their  com- 
munal system  and  live  in  the  compact 
little  villages  to  which  they  had  become 
accustomed  in  Russia ;  while  in  order 
that  the  Doukhobor  lands  might  lie  to- 
gether, the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
gave  up  its  odd-numbered  sections  in 
these  districts  in  exchange  for  others 
farther  west. 

Accustomed  to  the  inhospitable  cli- 
mate of  the  Caucasus,  a  sterile  soil  and  a 
tyrannous  government,  the  Doukhobors 
were  not  likely  to  be  daunted  by  the  or- 
dinary difficulties  of  settlement  in  a  new 
and  fertile  country.  Men,  women  and  children  all  did  their 
part  in  building  up  the  homes  and  repairing  the  shattered  fortunes 
of  the  community.  Considerable  land  had  to  be  ploughed  and 


DOUKHOBORS   WORKING    PLOUGHS    HV   MEANS   OF   TRACTION    ENGINES. 


WEAVING   AND   KNITTING — DOUKHOBOR   HOME. 


back-set  the  first  year,  and  comfortable  dwellings  erected  against 
the  severity  of  a  North- West  winter.  The  women,  long  used  to 
field  labor,  helped  with  all  the  outdoor  work,  and  thus  the  ma- 
jority of  the  men  were  released  for  more  immediate  wage-earning. 

Many  of  them  found  employment 
on  the  railway  extensions  in 
summer,  or  in  the  tie  camps  in 
the  winter.  Others  cut  timber  on 
the  prairie  bluffs  or  along  the 
banks  of  the  yellow  Saskatche- 
wan, or  laid  up  a  store  of  prairie 
hay  for  the  few  horses  and  cattle 
that  their  settlement  fund  had 
provided.  This  division  of  labor 
proved  so  satisfactory  during  that 
first  hard  summer  that  the  women 
have  ever  since  elected  to  do  a 
great  deal  of  the  farm  labor.  They 
have  helped  also  to  fill  the  com- 
munal coffers  by  digging  each 
season  several  thousand  dollars 
worth  of  wild  ginseng,  or  seneca 
root,  which  they  have  sold  to  ex- 
porters supplying  the  Chinese 
trade. 

Yet  they  have  by  no  means  neglected  the  more  domestic 
duties,  for  their  spotless  little  cottages  bear  abundant  testimony 
to  the  perfection  of  their  housekeeping.  Their  spinning-wheel, 
loom  and  needle  are  rarely  idle  during  the  long  twilights  of  their 
Northern  summer,  or  the  short  afternoons  when  winter  has  laid 
its  iron  grip  upon  their  land.  They  spin  and  weave  both  wool 
and  flax,  and  make  their  own  and  their  husbands'  homespun 
clothing,  although  a  few  of  the  more  progressive  men  have  now 
begun  to  patroni/.e  the  Canadian  tailors.  Of  their  household 
linen  the  Doukhobor  women  are  justly  proud.  Their  tablecloths 
are  fine  and  closely  woven  in  neat  geo- 
metrical patterns,  while  the  more  orna- 
mental napery  is  decorated  with  drawn- 
thread  work  of  sufficiently  original  and 
artistic  design  to  have  induced  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  Women  to  try  to  find 
sale  for  it  in  the  East,  though  it  is  scarce- 
ly fine  enough  to  compete  commercially 
with  the  Mexican  or  Taora  work. 

The  chief  difficulties  that  have  re- 
tarded the  Doukhobors'  progress  have 
been  obstacles  of  their  own  making,  and 
although  these  mistakes  were  the  result 
of  causes  no  longer  operating,  they  have 
been  responsible  for  much  of  the  present 
misconception  of  the  character  and  in- 
telligence of  these  really  excellent  people. 
The  Doukhobors'  long  struggle  against 
the  established  order  of  things  in  Russia, 
and  the  mental  and  social  readjustment 
which  they  have  been  undergoing  since 
their  arrival  in  Canada,  explain  some  of 
their  apparent  inconsistencies.  First,  they 
objected  to  reporting  births,  deaths  and 
marriages  for  registration  until  their 
friends  made  clear  to  them  that  the  Gov- 
ernment's interest  in  such  matters  was 
not  merely  idle  curiosity.  Then  they 
created  further  difficulty  by  refusing  to  apply  for  their  homesteads 
in  severalty,  partly  because  their  communistic  principles  were 
opposed  to  individual  ownership,  and  partly  through  a  vague  fear 


RESOURCES 


of  signing  their  names  to  any  document.  However,  the  persua- 
sions of  their  friends  again  prevailed,  and  they  have  since  com- 
plied with  the  regulations  and  have  taken  up  in  all  2,569  home- 
steads, or  41 1 ,040  acres.  During  the  first  years  of  their  residence 
here,  when  they  were  most  in  need  of 
wise  counsel,  they  were  deprived  of  the 
leadership  of  their  authorized  head,  Peter 
Veregin,  who  was  still  serving  his  term 
of  exile  in  Siberia,  and  many  of  them 
fell  under  the  sway  of  a  self-constituted 
leader,  and  dissipated  their  energies  by 
attempting  to  carry  out  his  fanatical 
plans.  In  November  of  1902,  this  false 
guide,  who  posed  also  as  a  prophet,  in- 
duced nineteen  hundred  of  the  Assini- 
boian  Doukhoborstogive  up  their  money, 
turn  loose  their  animals,  and  start  out 
with  him  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Winnipeg. 
The  Immigration  Department  rounded 
up  and  sold  their  cattle  and  placed  the 
proceeds,  about  $17, ooo,  to  their  credit, 
along  with  the  $1,9.13  which  they  had 
voluntarily  handed  over  to  the  agent  at 
Yorkton,  and  then,  after  vainly  trying  to 
reason  with  the  misguided  pilgrims,  sent 
for  the  Mounted  Police  to  stop  their 
march  and  take  them  back  to  their  homes. 
Two  or  three  less  serious  pilgrimages  have 
since  brought  them  into  collision  with 
the  law  and  its  Western  guardians,  but 
since  the  arrival  of  Peter  Veregin  the 
whole  community  has  gradually  settled 
down  into  Canadian  ways. 

The  most  permanent  objection  that 
can  be  urged  against  the  Doukhobors  as 
citizens  is  their  communal  system,  which  necessarily  means  con- 
siderable isolation  from  their  Canadian  neighbors.  The  chief  cor- 
ner-stone of  their  whole  social  structure  is  the  village,  a  copy 
of  the  Russian  >///>',  which  had  its  origin  in  the  banding  together 
of  the  citizens  against  civil  tyranny.  Kach  family  lives  in  a 
house  by  itself,  and  possesses  its  own  individual  purse,  but  the 
farm  labor  is  all  done  in  common  and  the  proceeds  equally  shared. 

There  seems   to   be   no  rule  by      

which  the  even  distribution  of 
wealth  is  preserved,  but  as  the 
balance  is  disturbed  by  accident 
or  industry,  the  wealthier  mem- 
bers are  relied  upon  to  assist 
their  poorer  brethren.  Each  vil- 
lage is  governed  by  an  overseer 
and  is  represented  in  the  general 
council  by  two  or  three  dele- 
gates, according  to  its  popula- 
tion. 

In  strange  contrast  to  the 
usual  prairie  town,  clustered 
round  some  elevator-flanked  sta- 
tion, are  these  odd  little  Russian 
villages,  ten  of  which  are  in  the 
Saskatchewan  colony,  and  twenty 
more  in  the  Assiniboian  settle- 
ment, three  hundred  miles  to  the 
south-east.  All  are  modelled  on 
the  same  plan,  and  consist  of  a 
row  of  sod-roofed  mud  cottages  built  along  each  side  of  the  black 
prairie  trail.  The  buildings  are  erected  on  a  framework  of  logs, 


IHU'KilOlloR    WOMAN    SPINNING. 

THIS    INTKK10K    VIKW    SHOWS   THH    ATTEMPTS  TO  DKCORATH 

Till;    WALLS   <>!•'   THK    LITTLK    COTTAGKS    IN    WHICH 

THKSK   PKOPLK   LI  VIC. 


ARRIVAL   OF   THK    FIRST   SKI.F-BINDKK    IX    THK   DOl'KHOBOR   COLONY 
E.XPKRT    KX PLAINING   THK   INTRICACIES   OF   THK   KNOTTKR. 


and  are  plastered  both  outside  and  in  with  clay  mixed  with  grass, 
and  are  then  whitewashed  until  they  glisten  like  plaster  of  Paris. 
In  summer  the  tiny  yards  look  as  if  an  Anglo-Saxon  house-clean- 
ing were  in  progress,  for  on  dry  days  the  bed  clothing  hangs  on 

the  fences  from  morning  till  night.  Every 
yard,  too,  has  its  poplar  pole,  with 
branching  pegs,  on  which  are  hung  the 
well-scoured  pots  and  pans.  Each  little 
garden  is  gay  with  its  beds  of  poppies, 
pansies  and  balsams,  while  goodly  spaces 
are  devoted  to  sunflowers.  In  every  vil- 
lage there  is  a  Russian  bath-house,  and 
often  also  a  saw-mill  or  grist-mill. 

All  the  furniture  is  home-made,  and 
the  interiors  of  the  houses  show  many 
ingenious  make-shifts.  The  usual  sub- 
stitute for  tables  of  all  kinds  is  a  broad 
shelf,  scoured  to  snowy  whiteness,  built 
across  one  side  of  the  room  ;  while  lower 
shelves  serve  as  seats  during  the  daytime, 
and  at  night  are  curtained  off  as  sleep- 
ing berths.  Underneath  are  the  clothes 
presses.  An  important  feature  is  the 
immense  bake-oven,  which  extends  on 
each  side  of  the  dividing  wall  between 
kitchen  and  living-room. 

The  excellent  bread  baked  in  these 
ovens  seems  to  be  the  only  substantial 
article  in  the  Doukhobor  diet,  for  meat 
is  as  much  tabooed  as  tobacco  and  alco- 
holic liquors,  and  strangely  enough  the 
villagers  grow  tall  and  muscular  on  such 
vegetarian  dishes  as  roasted  sunflower 
seeds  and  mint  stew. 

At  the  head  of  the  council  of  village 
delegates  is  Peter  Veregin,  leader  of  the  whole  sect.  Two  years 
ago  a  kindly  disposed  Siberian  governor  terminated  his  third 
period  of  exile,  and  he  was  enabled  to  join  his  people  in  Canada. 
Since  then  he  has  made  his  home  with  his  mother  and  sister  at 
the  little  village  of  Ostradnoe,  in  the  Kamsack  district.  As 
ruler,  spiritual  guide  and  financial  agent  he  has  been  kept  con- 
stantly occupied,  interviewing  Government  officials,  travelling 

from   village  to  village  advising 

his  followers,  and  with  the  assist- 
ance of  his  secretary  and  inter- 
preter, Simeon  Rieben,  perform- 
ing the  clerical  work  for  the  en- 
tire community.  Intelligent  and 
progressive  himself,  he  is  most 
anxious  that  his  people  should 
profit  by  the  Western  civilization 
at  their  doors.  When  asked  by 
the  Immigration  Commissioner 
his  opinion  of  the  country,  he 
handed  him  two  photographs. 
One,  taken  at  Tobolsk,  showed 
the  Doukhobor  leader  in  the  garb 
of  a  Russian  peasant,  while  in 
the  other,  which  bore  the  name 
of  a  Winnipeg  studio,  he  ap- 
peared as  an  ordinary  well-dress- 
ed Canadian.  In  fact,  there  is 
little  at  present  in  the  appearance 
of  this  tall,  pleasant-looking  man 
to  suggest  either  the  Siberian  exile  or  the  leader  of  a  peculiar 
sect. 


8 


RESOURCES 


Despite  their  lack  of  public  spirit,  Peter  Veregin's  people  are 
now  proving  some  of  our  very  best  settlers,  for  they  possess  in 
abundant  measure  the  moral  and  physical  qualities  that  we  should 
ever  demand  in  those  who  come  to  share  our  heritage.  Gifted 
with  the  three- fold  en- 
dowment that  distin- 
guished the  founders  of 
our  Bastern  provinces — 
a  powerfully-built  frame, 
clear  intellect  and  a  sim- 
ple religious  nature — 
these  Russian  peasants 
may  safely  be  entrusted 
with  a  share  in  our 
country's  upbuilding  in 
the  West.  Though  their 
education  has  been  of 
the  scantiest,  their  men- 
tal ability  has  been  suffi- 
ciently proved  by  their 
quick  comprehension 
and  adoption  of  the  new- 
est methods  in  Western 
farming  ;  while  t  li  e 
Doukhobor  children  are 
reported  by  their  teach- 
ers as  singularly  apt  and 
industrious  little  pupils. 
Notwithstanding  the  ex- 
clusiveness  necessitated 


DOUKHOBOR   COLONY,    SASKATCHEWAN    (  PHOTO   TAKIC.V    1902). 


Doukhobors  have  well  demonstrated  the  profitableness  of  mixed 
farming  in  the  prairie  country,  Last  year  they  raised  67,663 
bushels  of  wheat,  78,649  bushels  of  oats,  39,715  bushels  of  barley 
and  5,454  bushels  of  flax.  For  their  well  cared-for  cattle  they 

got  the  highest  prices. 
During  the  same  season 
the  women  gathered  17,- 
ooo  Ibs  of  seneca  root, 
valued  at  $11,250.  In 
the  Yorkton  district 
alone  the  men  earned 
$215,000  at  railway  and 
other  work.  The  Assini- 
boian  colony  replenished 
its  district  with  four  hun- 
dred horses,  three  grist 
mills,  three  saw-mills, 
eight  steam  threshers  and 
an  excellent  equipment. 
Both  divisions  of  the 
community  are  now  well 
supplied  with  up-to-date 
farm  machinery,  and 
their  steam  ploughs, 
threshers  and  self-bind- 
ers furnish  a  significant 
contrast  to  the  wooden 
plough  and  other  anti- 
quated implements  still 
used  by  their  peasant 


by  their  communal  system,  the  social  instinct  is  strongly  develop- 
ed in  these  people.  Visitors  are  always  welcomed  in  their  toy-like 
hamlets,  and  no  Doukhobor  has  ever  been  known  to  accept  pay- 
ment for  a  meal  or  a  night's  lodging  either  in  Russia  or  Canada. 
A  camera  is  a  sure  passport  to  their  affections, 
for  they  love  to  be  photographed  in  their  pro- 
sperous Canadian  homes,  so  that  they  may  send 
the  cheering  picture  to  their  exiled  brethren  in 
Siberia.  In  business  matters  the}-  give  good 
measure  and  quality,  but  demand  adequate  pay- 
ment. Their  name  has  become  a  synonym  for 
honest\',  and  the  Yorkton  merchants  frequently 
express  a  wish  that  all  their  customers  were  as 
reliable  as  the  Doukhobors. 

The  industry  and  frugality  of  the  Doukho- 
bors have  now  launched  their  little  common- 
wealth on  the  tide  of  prosperity  that  has  for  the 
last  three  years  been  bearing  all  Western  Canada 
on  its  flood.  So  many  causes  have  contributed  to 
the  success  of  the  community  that  its  future  is 
all  the  more  assured  through  its  not  depending 
on  any  one  crop  or  any  one  class  of  labor.  The 


PETER   VEREGIN 
THE   DOUKHOBOR    LEADER 

WHO  JOINED    HIS   PEOPLE   IN    CANADA   TWO    YEARS   AGO, 
RELEASE   FROM   SIBERIAN    EXILE. 


brethren  in  Russia.  As  the  Donkhobors  do  not  engage  in  either 
trade  or  land  speculation — those  favorite  quick  roads  to  fortune 
in  the  West — their  bank  accounts  are  said  to  be  larger  than  those 
of  any  other  settlers. 

Handicapped  more  than  any  other  settlement 
in  the  beginning,  the  Doukhobor  commonwealth 
affords  the  most  convincing  proof  of  the  boundless 
resources  of  the  proposed  new  Province  of  Sas- 
katchewan. Moreover,  its  members  are  perform- 
ing no  unimportant  part  in  the  development  of 
the  country.  The  two  most  crying  needs  in  the 
West  are  men  and  money.  The  capital  is  fur- 
nished to  some  extent  by  the  well-to-do  settler 
from  the  Kastern  provinces  and  the  wealthy  im- 
migrant from  the  Western  States,  who,  of  course, 
take  first  rank  as  colonists  ;  but  it  is  the  poorer 
Europeans  of  foreign  speech  and  alien  ways,  who 
supply  the  labor  demand  on  the  farms,  in  the 
lumber  camps,  and  on  the  railway  extensions. 
When,  like  the  Doukhobors,  they  also  home- 
stead a  quarter  section,  they  perform  a  double 
duty  in  opening  up  the  North- Western  district. 
UPON  HIS 


THE  Geological  Survey  Departments'  annual  preliminary 
statistical  statement  of  mineral  products  of  Canada  for 
1904  shows  that  the  value  of  mineral  products  of  Canada  last  year 
aggregated  more  than  $60,000,000.  This  is  a  falling  off  of  $2,- 
500,000  as  compared  with  the  previous  year,  but  although  prac- 
tically every  province  shows  a  reduction,  the  decrease  is  due 
chiefly  to  the  Yukon,  which  is  responsible  for  nearly  $2,000,000 


of  the  decrease  shown.  The  exports  of  lead  from  Canada  in  1904 
were  12,913  tons  of  lead  in  ore,  etc.,  and  about  21  tons  of  pig 
lead.  The  exports  of  iron  ore  were  168,828  tons,  valued  at  $401  ,- 
738.  In  addition  to  ore  exported  about  180,032  tons  of  ore, 
worth  about  489,687  were  mined  in  Canada  and  charged  to  Cana- 
dian blast  furnaces. 


GAI.T    HOSPITAL,  I.KTHHRIDf.E,    AI.BERTA 


Western    Canada's    Hospitals 


IN  our  October  issue  we  attempted,  in  the  article  "  The 
Weather  of  the  West,"  to  give  to  the  growing  public  inter- 
ested in  the  North- West  Territories  some  definite  idea  of  the 
climatic  conditions  there.  Almost  the  first  point  upon  which  an 
intending  settler  wishes  to  satisfy  himself,  is  whether  the  pro- 
spective land  of  his  adoption  has  a  healthy  climate.  To  the  man 
who  has  satisfied  himself  that  in  Assiniboia,  Alberta  and  Sas- 
katchewan not  only  are  the  weather  conditions  admirably  adapted 
to  w  h  e  a  t  -  g  r  o  w  i  n  g, 
ranching  and  mixed 
farming,  but  equally  en- 
joyable to  the  human 
beings  engaged  in  these 
occupations,  we  would 
now  present  some  facts 
as  to  another  very  vital 
point,  viz.,  the  hospital 
accommodation  in  the 
land  wherein  he  contem- 
plates making  his  new 
home.  If  the  Canadians 
of  Ontario  and  Quebec 
are  themselves  very  hazy 
about  what  the  Far 
West  provides  to-day  of 
such  necessities  of  life 
as  good  hospitals,  it  is 
not  to  be  wondered  at 
that  the  minds  of  people 
from  afar  off  are  almost 
a  complete  blank  on  this 
question.  From  letters 
received  by  our  Bureau 
of  Information  during 
the  past  months,  it  is 
clear  that  many  would-be  emigrants  are  not  aware  that  there  are 
such  things  as  hospitals  in  the  West  at  all.  Even  the  best-inform- 
ed of  them  have  little  idea  of  what  splendid  efforts  have  been  made 
by  these  newly-settled  provinces,  which  yesterday  were  almost 


THE   RESIDENCE  OF   DR.    MEWBURN,    ONE  OF  THE   LEADING 
PRACTITIONERS    IN   THK   COUNTRY,    I.ETHHRIDGK,    ALBERTA 


wild  prairie,  to  provide  for  the  care  of  the  sick  and  injured.  There 
is  no  feature  of  life  in  these  great  new  lands  which  more  astonishes 
the  visitor  than  the  hospital  accommodation  already  provided 
there.  In  a  country  where  most  of  the  people  are  poor,  and  busy 
providing  homes  for  themselves,  where  many  articles  are  dear  and 
money  badly  wanted  for  material  development,  it  is  a  stimulating 
sight  to  find  neat  cottage  hospitals,  the  tangible  result  of  the 
generosity  and  self-sacrifice  of  the  residents,  where  everything 

that  care  and  kindness 
can  do  for  the  ailing  is 
to  be  found,  and  where, 
despite  the  lack  of  ex- 
pensive apparatus,  splen- 
did work  is  being  done 
by  men  and  women  who 
have  few  opportunities 
for  study  and  practice. 

In  the  annual  report 
of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  of  the  North 
West  Territories  for  '03, 
there  is,  under  the  head- 
ing public  health,  a  very 
interesting  report  of  the 
Inspector  of  Territorial 
Hospitals,  Dr.  Kennedy. 
In  his  general  remarks, 
after  commenting  upon 
the  need  for  increased  ac- 
commodation to  meet  the 
very  large  influx  of  pop- 
ulation which  the  Terri- 
tories are  now  receiving, 
he  says :  "To  afford 
some  idea  of  what  the 
people  of  the  Territories  have  done,  I  may  state  that  there  are  now 
twelve  public  hospitals  in  the  country  and  two  more  in  process  of 
erection,  while  in  the  rich  and  populous  Province  of  Ontario,  in 
1881,  there  were  only  eleven  of  these  institutions,  and  in  1891  but 


10 


RESOURCES 


twenty-one.  And  it  is  the  people  themselves  who  have  done  this 
work,  for  the  help  they  have  received  from  outside  is  but  a  drop 
in  the  bucket." 

A  few  quotations  from  the  report  of  Dr.  Kennedy  will  give 
a  ' '  live  ' '  idea  of  what  these  hospitals  are  like.  He  visited  the 
Gait  Hospital  in  lycthbridge,  one  of  the  most  promising  little 
cities  in  Western  Canada,  on  March  isth.  This  hospital  was 
founded  by  Sir  Alexander  Gait,  primarily  to  afford  facilities  for 
the  employees  of  the  Alberta  Railway  and  Coal  Company,  but  it 
has  always  received  patients  from  the  general  public.  "There 
were  17  patients  in  the  institution,"  writes  Dr.  Kennedy,  "and 
it  is  interesting  to  note  that  of  this  number  fourteen  were  surgical 
cases,  thus  confirming  a  remark  of  mine  in  a  previous  report, 
that  probably  more  surgical  work  is  done  in  this  hospital  than  any 
of  the  Territories The  hospital  itself  was  scrupu- 
lously neat  and  clean,  the  patients  appeared  to  be  well-looked 
after,  and  there  were  no  complaints.  It  is  exceedingly  well- 
equipped  and  is  doing  excellent  work,  patients  coming  from  other 
parts  of  the  Territories  and  from  British  Columbia.  Since  my 
last  report  an  X-ray  machine  has  been  installed,  thereby  adding 
very  much  to  the  facilities  for  doing  good  work.  It  is  the  only 
hospital  in  the  Territories  that  can  boast  of  this  feature.  (This, 
it  must  be  remembered,  was  written  two  years  ago. — EDITOR.) 
It  also  has  a  first-class  modern  ambulance,  which  was  secured  at 
a  cost  of  $500,  and  which  has  unquestionably  alleviated  a  lot  of 
suffering  among  the  large  number  of  accident  and  surgical  cases 
which  are  brought  to  this  hospital." 

Of  the  Queen  Victoria  Cottage  Hospital,  Yorkton,  Dr. 
Kennedy  writes,  after  visiting  it  within  a  few  months  of  its  open- 
ing :  "  The  town  of  Yorkton  has  a  population  of  about  1,000. 
There  are  about  6,000  each  of  Gallicians  and  Doukhobors  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  these,  with  a  large  number  of  American, 


town.  It  is  on  a  'stone  foundation,  is  built  partly  of  brick  and 
partly  of  wood,  has  two  stories  and  a  basement,  and  at  present 
accommodates  sixteen  patients — public  and  private.  ...  It 
has  a  very  good  operating  room,  which,  for  one  in  use  so  short  a 


HOLY  CROSS  HOSPITAL,  CALGARY,  ALBERTA 


English  and  Canadian  settlers,  make  a  population  of  about  20,000 
in  the  country  which  is  tributary  to  the  hospital.  The  building 
itself  is  a  very  substantial  and  attractive  one,  standing  on  its  own 
grounds  of  three  acres,  on  an  eminence  to  the  south-west  of  the 


THE  GENERAL   HOSPITAL         

EDMONTON,    ALUKRTA 

time,  is  exceedingly  well  equipped.  The  hospital  was  erected  at 
a  total  cost  of  $5,380,  including  $100  for  the  land  which  it  occu- 
pies and  with  the  furnishings,  etc.  The  total  assets  at  the  end 
of  1902  were  $8,661.  I  may  say,  that  in  spite  of  some  defects, 
the  general  plan  of  the  hospital  building  has  so  commended  itself 
to  me  that  I  have  written  to  Ottawa  for  a  plan  of  it,  and  I  think 
that  with  a  few  changes  it  would  serve  as  an  excellent  model  for 
small  hospitals  which  are  being  built  throughout  the  Territories. 

At  the  date  of  my  inspection  I 
found  everything  neat  and  clean  and  in  good 
order  about  the  hospital,  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  there  had  been  some  difficulties  in  ob- 
taining sufficient  assistance  in  the  domestic 
part  of  the  staff.  The  staff  consists  of  the 
matron  and  a  probationer,  besides  the  cook, 
who  also  acts  as  a  general  servant. 
The  hospital  had  been  in  operation  for  ex- 
actly five  months,  and  during  that  time  had 
cared  for  41  patients,  the  aggregate  number 
of  hospital  days  being  525.  Of  these  every 
one  had  been  paid  for,  excepting  13  days 
owing  by  one  patient,  and  for  this  the  direc- 
tors held  the  patient's  note,  which  they  ex- 
pected to  realix.e." 

The  oldest  institution  in  the  Territories, 
the  Medicine  Hat  General  Hospital,  was 
visited  in  March  also.  There  were  25  pa- 
tients when  the  inspector  called,  and  after 
giving  particulars  of  four  incurables  being 
treated,  he  writes  :  "  A  pleasing  and  notice- 
able feature  of  hospital  work  here  is  the 
extent  to  which  advantage  is  taken  of  the 
maternity  cottage,  there  being,  as  noted 
before,  no  less  than  five  patients  and  one 
baby  occupying  the  building  on  the  date  of 
my  visit.  I  am  satisfied  that  this  factor  in 
connection  with  the  hospitals  of  the  Ter- 
ritories is  a  means  of  saving  life  and  much 

needless  suffering,  and  it  is  encouraging  to  note  that  the  people  are 
becoming  educated  to  the  advantage  offered  by  maternity  wards. ' ' 
The  staff  consisted  of  a  medical  superintendent,  a  lady  super- 
intendent, first  assistant  and  eight  nurses  in  process  of  training — 


RESOURCES 


this,  be  it  remembered,  in  a  little  town  of  (at  that  date)  about 
2,000  inhabitants. 

There  are  two  hospitals  at  Calgary — the  General  and  the 
Holy  Cross.  The  General  Hospital  was  found  to  be  filled  to  over- 
flowing, there  being  31  patients  in  the  institution.  The  patients 
were  distributed  as  follows  :  Men's  general  ward,  15  ;  women's 
ward,  3;  men's  private  ward,  2;  women's 
private  ward,  4;  isolated  ward,  i;  the  rest 
being  maternity  cases  in  the  maternity  hos- 
pital, which  is  a  separate  building.  "I 
found  the  Calgary  General  Hospital,"  says 
Dr.  Kennedy,  "as  usual,  neat  and  clean, 
and  the  patients  were  all  fit  subjects  for 
hospital  treatment,  and  there  were  no  com- 
plaints." The  staff  then  consisted  of  the 
matron,  one  graduate,  eight  nurses  in  train- 
ing and  three  probationers.  An  idea  of  the 
work  done  by  this  hospital  can  be  gathered 
from  the  following  statistics  for  1902  :  Total 
number  of  hospital  days,  8, 136;  total  num- 
ber of  patients  registered,  542,  of  which 
there  were  private  ward,  149;  maternity, 
48;  isolated,  67;  there  were  besides  409  out- 
door patients. 

Regarding  the  Holy  Cross  Hospital, 
Calgary,  Dr.  Kennedy  writes  as  follows  ; 
"  I  visited  and  inspected  this  hospital  on 
Tuesday,  3ist  March.  Since  my  last  visit 
the  hospital  has  been  enlarged  by  the  ad- 
dition of  a  wing,  35  ft.  by  24ft.,  four  stories 
high,  built  of  brick  with  stone  basement, 

and  giving  additional  accommodation  in  the  shape  of  a  general 
ward,  and  an  isolated  ward  in  the  basement.  Notwithstanding 
the  increased  accommodation,  I  found  that  the  hospital  had  been 
taxed  to  its  capacity  during  nearly  the  whole  winter.  It  provides 
at  present  accommodation  for  47  patients,  distributed  as  follows  : 
Male  patients,  private,  semi-private  and  public  wards,  24  ;  women 
patients,  1 1 ;  isolated  cases,  12.  The  isolated  wards  have  been 
used  for  infectious  diseases,  as  scarlet  fever,  of  which  there  has 
been  rather  an  epidemic  in  Calgary  during  the  past  autumn  and 
winter.  As  a  consequence  of  the  increased  accommodation  offer- 
ed by  the  new  wing,  the  old  isolated  wards 
at  the  top  of  the  building,  which  were  so 
objectionable,  and  which  I  reported  against 
on  previous  occasion,  have  been  done  away 
with,  and,  after  being  throughly  cleansed 
and  renovated,  are  now  used  as  part  of  the 
general  hospital.  The  new  isolated  wards, 
while  still  leaving  something  to  be  desired, 
are  a  great  improvement  upon  the  old  and 
it  is  now  possible  to  treat  cases  of  an  infec- 
tious nature  there  without  entering  the  part 
of  the  building  devoted  to  general  purposes, 
and  without  any  danger  to  other  patients.  I 
might  point  out,  however,  that  it  is  not  de- 
sirable that  any  infectious  diseases,  such  as 
scarlet  fever,  measles,  diphtheria,  and  so 
on,  should  be  treated  at  any  general  hospital, 
and  isolated  wards  should  only  be  for  the 
purpose  of  receiving  infectious  cases  occur- 
ring in  the  hospital  itself." 

Of  the  499  patients  registered  during 
1902,  23  per  cent,  were  free  patients,  8  per 
cent,  paid  in  part,  and  the  remainder  paid 
in  full. 

Edmonton,  like  Calgary,  has  two  hospitals,  the  General  and 


the  Public.  Each  of  these  hospitals  has  been  taxed  to  receive  all 
the  patients  desiring  admission.  But  at  Strathcona,  just  across 
the  river,  the  inhabitants  were  then  contemplating  building  an- 
other hospital  to  cost  $10,000.  Whilst  finding  some  minor  fault 
with  the  way  the  register  was  kept  at  the  General  Hospital,  the 
inspector  said  that  the  wards  as  usual  were  clean  and  well  kept, 


C.KNKKAI,    HOSPITAL,    CAI.C.AKV,     AI.HKRTA 


The 


same  praise  was  given 


and  that  there  were  no  complaints 
to  the  Public  Hospital. 

We  have  not  space  for  any  further  quotations  from  this  in- 
teresting report,  but  sufficient  have,  we  think,  been  given  to  show 
that  a  most  praiseworthy  effort  has  been  made  by  the  settlers  in 
this  new  country  to  provide  hospital  accommodation  for  the 
growing  population.  "  (juite  likely,"  writes  Dr.  Kennedy,  "this 
work  has  been  augmented  through  the  efforts  of  the  Lady  Minto 
Cottage  Hospital  fund,  and  it  is  to  be  sincerely  hoped  that  the 
controllers  of  this  fund  will  see  their  wav  clear  to  still  further 


SOURIS,    MANITOHA,    VIKWKI)   FROM   THK   SOUTH    ~ 

enlarge  the  scope  of  their  benefactions.     It  requires  from  $5,000 
to  $10,000  to  erect  and  equip   an  average   cottage  hospital  to 

( Continued  on  page  23. ) 


Our    Point   of   View 


WHEN  the  record  of  the  present  session  of  the  Dominion 
Parliament  comes  to  be  written,  we  venture  to  think 
that  the  action  of  the  Government  in  taking  over  the  control  of 
Esquimau  and  Halifax  will  appear  to  the  student  of  our  history 
as  the  most  memorable  event  even  in  a  session  which  included 
such  a  measure  of  far-reaching  importance  as  the  North- West 
Autonomy  Bill.  For  it  is  a  milestone  on  our  road  towards  nation- 
hood. From  the  amicable  agreement  between  the  Government 
at  Ottawa  and  that  in  Downing  Street,  whereby  the  Canadian 
people  are  to  relieve  the  Imperial  exchequer  and  the  Imperial 
forces  of  the  expense  and  responsibility  of  garrisoning  these  great 
fortresses  and  dockyards,  several  most  desirable  results  accrue  to 
Canada.  In  the  first  place  we  show  the  world  that  the  strong  if 
new-born  sentiment  of  Canadian  nationality  can  bring  forth  deeds, 
not  eloquent  words  alone,  in  proof  of  its  sincerity.  We  have 
made  a  most  important  and  much-needed  start  towards  bearing 
the  obligations  and  self-sacrifices  of  nationality,  without  which 
its  proud  boast  sounds  very  hollow.  It  has  too  long  and  too 
justly  been  urged  against  us  that  we  contributed  nothing  towards 
the  defence  of  that  Empire  to  which  we  are  so  proud  to  belong. 
By  manning  and  keeping  up  these  two  strongholds  we  shall  incur 
an  annual  expense,  it  has  been  roughly  estimated,  of  some  two 
million  dollars,  which  added  to  our  other  naval  and  military  ex- 
penditure, will  bring  up  the  cost  of  our  armaments  this  year  to 
something  under  six  millions,  or  slightly  less  than  one  dollar  a 
head  of  our  population.  It  cannot  be  said  that  with  our  revenue 
of  more  than  seventy  millions  the  price  of  incipient  nationhood 
will  sit  heavily  upon  us.  We  boast  of  the  absence  here  of  the 
poverty  which  afflicts  to-day  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people 
in  Great  Britain.  This  Christmas  there  were  more  than  800,- 
ooo  persons  in  receipt  of  either  indoor  or  outdoor  relief  there. 


tittle  of  our  independence.  We  have  preserved  intact  that  colo- 
nial precept  that  without  control  there  shall  be  no  contribution. 
We  shall  still  be  masters  of  our  own  expenditure.  In  this  we 
have  a  great  advantage  over  the  other  colonies,  whose  grants  go 
into  the  Imperial  coffers  to  be  spent  by  the  Imperial  authorities. 


TO  our  mind,  moreover,  there  is  one  other  good  result  from 
this  most  excellent  arrangement.  We  are  well  aware  that 
it  is  a  cardinal  doctrine  in  the  faith  of  the  naval  experts  in  White- 
hall, that  it  is  upon  the  high  seas  that  the  naval  forces  of  the 
nation  will  be  tried  in  the  balance,  and  that  one  powerful  fleet 
will  be  able  to  vanquish  in  detail  several  isolated  squadrons.  It 
is  this  tenet  of  modern  naval  strategy,  amply  proved  in  the  Russo- 
Japanese  war,  that  has  actuated  the  British  admiralty  in  the  re- 
cent great  rearrangement,  which  has  been  described  by  the  French 
statesman,  M.  Hanatoux,  as  the  greatest  stroke  of  peaceful  naval 
policy  the  world  has  ever  seen.  But  it  is  a  source  of  satisfaction 
to  us,  as  it  must  be  to  all  like  us,  who  are  bound  up  with  the 
infinite  resources  of  this  country,  that  whilst  this  great  deciding 
battle  is  imminent  or  actually  being  waged  upon  the  high  seas, 
our  coasts  will  not  be  without  some  means  of  defence  against  a 
possible  marauding  cruiser  which  might  make  a  raid  upon  them. 
For  ourselves  we  should  like  to  see  a  small  fleet  of  Canadian  coast 
defence  cruisers  built  up  steadily  out  of  our  annual  surplusses. 
Such  a  fleet  would  be  a  most  valuable  acquisition  to  the  Imperial 
forces,  as  it  would  relieve  them  of  some  anxiety  regarding  our 
coast  line,  and  it  would  be  the  best  kind  of  insurance  in  which, 
as  a  commercial  people,  we  could  invest.  And  we  will  go  further 
than  this.  Whilst  deprecating  as  strongly  as  anyone  any  spirit 
of  militarism  amongst  us,  we  should  like  to  see  such  a  stock  of 

arms    and    military    equipment    in 

our  arsenals  and  armories  as  would 
ensure  every  able-bodied  man  being 
provided  with  the  means  of  fight- 
ing should  such  an  unhappy  neces- 
sity ever  face  this  country.  A  large 
standing  army  we  cannot  afford  and 
do  not  want.  Our  national  energies 
must  be  devoted  mainly  to  material 
development.  But  there  ought  to 
be  bright  and  ready  in  our  midst 
such  a  store  of  the  weapons  and  ac- 
coutrements of  war  that  if  unhap- 
pily our  growing  wealth  should 
tempt  some  covetous  eyes,  and  our 
independence  be  threatened,  the 
splendid  manhood  of  our  nation 
throwing  down  the  ploughshare  of 
peace  might  find  ready  to  their 
hands  the  sword  of  battle. 


HALIFAX,    NOVA    SCOTIA 
VIEW   OF  THE   CITY   AND   CITADEL  FROM  FORTIFICATIONS  ON  ST.  GEORGE'S  ISLAND 


M'NAB'S  ISLAND  AND  YORK  REDOUBT,  AT  ENTRANCE  TO  HARBOR,  ARE  ALSO  STRONGLY  FORTIFIED 


DOMINION    DAY,    1905,   will 
mark  an  important  event  in 


Yet,  in  the  official  year  1905-6,  the  people  of  the  two  small  islands 
where  the  British  race  was  cradled  will-  pay  some  three  hundred 
millions  of  dollars  for  the  support  of  their  navy  and  army,  or 
more  than  eight  times  as  much  per  head  of  the  population  as  we 
Canadians  will  pay.  Nevertheless  we  have  now  come  well  into 
line  with  Australia  and  the  Cape  in  our  contribution  to  Imperial 
defence.  And  the  most  excellent  point  in  this  desirable  arrange- 
ment is  that  we  have  accomplished  it  without  abating  one  jot  or 


the  history  of  Canada.  When  the  North- West  Autonomy  bills 
now  before  Parliament  become  law,  two  new  provinces  will  be 
added  to  the  Dominion,  and  their  natal  day  will  date  from 
July  ist.  The  extending  of  provincial  institutions  to  that  vast 
territory  lying  between  the  western  boundary  of  Manitoba  and 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  will  round  out  the  confederation  of  Cana- 
dian provinces  and  accomplish  that  national  completeness  which 
the  Fathers  of  Confederation  planned  in  the  early  sixties.  It 


RESOURCES 


K.soriMAi/r — 

FORMERLY   THE 


will  give  an  impetus  to  that  expansion  of  the  Territories  which, 
in  the  immediate  past,  has  been  so  rapid,  and  call  attention  of 
those  beyond  our  borders  to  the  fact.  For  these  reasons  the 
creation  of  the  new  provinces  of  Alberta  and  Saskatchewan  is 
secondary  in  importance  only  to  the  confederation  of  the  four 
original  provinces  in  1867.  The  coming  Dominion  Day  com- 
memorates more  than  its  predecessors  have  done,  and  its  observ- 
ance should  be  all  the  more  spontaneous,  not  alone  in  the  West, 
but  in  the  older  provinces  as  well. 
The  development  of  Canada  in  re- 
cent years  has  been  an  object  lesson 
to  the  world.  It  will  soon  be  a 
galaxy  of  nine  prosperous  provinces, 
where,  four  decades  ago,  there  were 
but  four  struggling  ones.  This  is 
an  achievement  in  nation-building 
which  has  few  parallels  in  history, 
and  in  which  Canadians  of  every 
province  may  take  reasonable  pride. 
The  addition  of  the  new  Western 
provinces  is  a  milestone  along  the 
way  to  nationhood — to  that  greater 
development  and  prosperity  to  which 
every  citizen  of  the  Dominion  is 
looking  forward.  By  their  inclusion 
Canada  will  present  a  more  solid 
front  to  the  outside  world.  Its  share 
of  the  international  boundary  line 
will  be  now  entirely  divided  into 
self-governing  provinces,  mutually 
interdependent,  and  enjoying  in  al- 
most equal  measure  the  present  era 
of  unprecedented  progress  and  prosperity.  The  opening  up  and 
colonization  of  the  fertile  fields  of  Western  Canada  has  gone 
ahead  with  wonderful  rapidity,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that 
the  territory  whose  population  twenty  years  ago  consisted 
almost  entirely  of  a  few  ranchers,  trappers  and  Indians,  will  soon 
comprise  two  populous  provinces  enjoying  a  full  measure  of 
autonomy.  Canada  has  made  good  her  boast  of  possessing  an 
area  large  enough  and  adapted  to  become  another  Empire  beyond 
the  Great  L,akes.  She  is  making  good  her  promises  to  the  thous- 
ands of  settlers  from  other  lands  who  have  taken  up  homesteads 
there  during  the  past  few  years.  Prosperous  towns  and  villages 
have  supplanted  the  Indian  tepees,  and  the  iron  trail  has  erased 
the  stamping  ground  of  the  buffalo  and  the  footprints  of  the  un- 
productive aborigines.  Newly-made  Canadians  from  many  other 
countries  are  making  a  good  living  from  the  fertile  prairies  which 
remained  dormant  so  long.  They  are  doing  their  share  towards 
proving  that  it  is  no  idle  boast  to  claim  that  there  lies  the  granary 
of  the  British  Empire.  But  there  is  still  room  for  the  incoming 
settler,  and  there  will  be  for  many  years  to  come.  The  great 
need  of  the  West  is  more  settlers  to  utilize  the  rich  natural  re- 
sources of  the  soil,  and  all  signs  point  to  the  supply  hastening  to 
meet  the  demand.  July  ist  marks  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  the 
people  of  the  plains,  and  they  are  already  preparing  to  celebrate 
their  new-born  honors  in  fitting  style.  It  will  be  an  occasion  in 
which  all  Canadians  can  participate  with  them  heartily  and  send 
the  new  provinces  on  their  way  rejoicing.  And  it  will  prove  a 
splendid  advertisement  for  the  Dominion  abroad,  bearing  out  as 
it  does  the  praises  and  promises  of  our  emigration  agents  in  other 
lands. 


THE  rapid  development  of  the  Canadian  West  during  the  past 
five  years  has  proved  to  be  a  valuable  object  lesson  to  the 
older  provinces.     They  have  awakened  to  the  fact  that  the  West 


is  outstripping  them  in  increase  of  population,  and  are  beginning 
to  take  stock  of  their  unused  possessions.  They,  too,  have  large 
sections  of  fertile  land  lying  untilled  and  valuable  natural  resources 
unutilized,  which  should  be  advertised  in  order  to  induce  settlers 
to  locate  there.  Moreover,  the  project  to  build  another  transcon- 
tinental line  through  comparatively  new  territory,  and  the  favor- 
able reports  of  the  surveyors  of  the  capabilities  of  the  soil  along 
the  proposed  route,  have  done  much  to  make  the  study  of  home 


THKKK    MII.ES    FROM    VICTORIA,    HRITISH    COI.UMHIA 
RENDEZVOUS   OF   THK    BRITISH    NAVY    IN    THE   PACIFIC 


HERE    ARE    IMMENSE    DRY    DOCKS,    MARINE    RAILWAY   AND    HIT.E    FORTIFICATIONS 


geography  popular.  The  neglected  hinterlands  have  assumed  a 
new  importance  in  the  eyes  of  the  Provincial  governments,  with 
the  result  that  a  campaign  of  education  abroad  has  been  decided 
upon.  Nova  Scotia  has  taken  up  the  work  vigorously,  and  their 
agent-general  in  England,  Major  Howard,  has  launched  a  pro- 
paganda which  is  already  bearing  fruit.  A  local  committee  to 
assist  him  in  every  way  possible  has  been  formed,  with  head- 
quarters at  Halifax,  and  the  Provincial  Government  is  also  aiding 
in  the  good  work.  A  similar  movement  is  under  way  in  New 
Brunswick.  In  Quebec  the  work  of  repatriating  the  thousands 
who  in  days  gone  by  emigrated  to  the  New  England  States  is 
being  steadily  prosecuted,  and  hundreds  of  French-Canadians 
have  returned  to  their  native  province  to  live.  Ontario  is  not  to 
be  left  behind  in  the  work  of  building  up  the  Dominion.  The 
Ross  government  installed  an  immigration  bureau,  and  in  the  past 
two  years  this  did  much  to  relieve  the  stringency  of  the  farm 
labor  market.  The  new  Whitney  government  have  already  indi- 
cated that  they  will  not  abandon  this  work,  and  that  they  intend 
to  inaugurate  a  vigorous  policy  of  colonization  in  the  New  Ontario 
districts.  The  speech  from  the  throne  contained  a  proposal  to 
extend  the  Ontario  Government  railway  to  connect  with  the  Grand 
Trunk  Pacific.  When  these  roads  are  completed,  New  Ontario 
will  be  well  supplied  with  means  of  transportation  for  natural  pro- 
ducts. The  hinterland  of  Ontario  can  provide  homes  for  many 
thousand  settlers.  According  to  the  reports  of  Government  geolo- 
gists, a  tract  of  arable  land  north  of  the  height  of  land  stretching 
from  the  Quebec  boundary  west  across  the  districts  of  Nipissing, 
Algoma  and  Thunder  Bay,  comprises  a  fertile  belt  of  six  million 
acres.  The  soil  is  clay  loam,  nearly  all  suitable  for  farming  pur- 
poses. Further  West,  in  the  district  of  Rainy  River,  there  is 
another  area  of  good  land,  about  400,000  acres  in  extent.  This 
region  is  well-watered,  and  the  climate  is  suitable  for  raising 
grain,  roots  and  fruits.  Successful  farming  is  possible  even  much 
farther  north,  according  to  Mr.  A.  P.  Low,  of  the  Geological 


RESOURCES 


Survey,  who,  in  1887,  travelled  over  that  portion  of  Keewatin 
which  may  soon  be  annexed  to  the  Province  of  Ontario.  From 
these  reports  and  from  the  success  which  has  already  been  won 
by  the  pioneer  settlers  in  New  Ontario,  it  is  evident  that  that  im- 
mense territory  may  some  day  be  inhabited  by  a  vast  number. 


The  natural  resources  are  there  ;  transportation  facilities  are  in 
the  making ;  development  only  awaits  the  incoming  of  population. 
It  is  satisfactory  that  steps  are  being  taken  by  the  Provincial 
Government  and  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior  to  people  this 
vast  new  heritage. 


BOATING   ON   THE   NASHWAAKSIS    RIVER   JUST   ABOVE    FREDERICTON,    THE  CAPITAL   CITY   OF   NEW    BRUNSWICK 
ONK    OF   THE    NUMEROUS   PLEASURE   RESORTS  OF   THE   PROVINCE 


THE  new  Province  of  Alberta  comprises  the  most  varied  and 
resourceful  portion  of  Canada.  The  region  possesses  moun- 
tains and  prairies  with  all  their  numerous  advantages.  There  is 
the  warm  winter  climate  along  the  boundary  in  the  south,  and 
the  colder  atmosphere  of  the  Athabasca,  nearly  a  thousand  miles 
further  north.  In  this  new  province  there  are  thousands  of  miles 
of  navigable  rivers,  where  large  steamboats  run  constantly  during 
the  greater  portion  of  the  year,  and  there  are,  besides,  the  mag- 
nificent bodies  of  water  known  as  Lake  Athabasca  and  Little 
Slave  Lake,  where  the  finest  of  fish  are  procured  in  large  num- 
bers. There  are  the  evergreen  forests  and  the  grass  covered 
plains  of  the  Peace  and  Hay  Rivers,  the  wheat  lands  of  the  Great 
Saskatchewan  and  the  cattle  ranches  of  the  foothills.  There  are 
the  vast  deposits  of  coal,  salt,  oil  all  along  the  western  boundary 
where  the  mountains  start  the  mighty  rivers  on  their  way  to  the 
sea.  There  are  the  mines  of  gold,  iron  and  silver  awaiting  de- 
velopment, and  the  quarries  of  stone  with  which  to  build  the 
cities  for  generations  yet  unborn.  Alberta  has  the  finest  scenery 


in  the  world,  and  from  the  fertile  plains  one  may  watch  the  white 
glaciers  blaze  in  their  winding  paths  about  the  mountains,  or 
from  the  higher  hills  view  the  waves  of  everlasting  green  on  the 
foothills,  sweeping  down  in  scented  undulation  to  the  edge  of  the 
pure  waters  of  the  Bow.  Alberta  has  the  National  Park,  the 
most  wonderful  holiday  resort  and  extensive  playground  in  exist- 
ence, combining  all  the  extravagance  of  art  and  the  sublime 
grandeur  of  nature. 


THE  public  works  and  railway  constructions  contemplated  in 
the  North  West  Territories  during  the  coming  year  will 
cause  the  population  of  that  country  to  advance  with  leaps  and 
bounds.  During  the  present  year  the  C.  P.  R.  is  expending  four 
million  dollars  in  improvements  and  betterments  in  the  West,  and 
five  hundred  miles  of  road  will  be  laid  with  eighty  pound  rails. 
The  cost  of  construction  of  the  new  C.  P.  R.  station  at  Winnipeg 
is  not  included  in  above  amount. 


Financial    Review 


"  There  are  few  ways  in  which  a  man  can  be  more  innocently  employed  than  in  getting  money."— DR.  JOHNSON. 


IN  the  last  three  years  the  chartered  banks  of  Canada  have  in- 
creased their  paid-up  capital  by  $13,941.66.  This  sum  does 
not,  however,  indicate  the  extent  of  the  Canadian  investment  in 
bank  stocks  during  the  period.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the  new 
capital  was  issued  at  substantial  premiums.  The  premiums  were 
credited  to  the  reserve  funds,  and  they  constituted  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  $19,284,058  added  to  rest  during  that  time.  As 
investments  bank  stocks  are  very  popular  in  the  Dominion.  The 
Government  has  done  everything  it  can  to  remove  them  from  the 
pale  of  speculation.  It  is  unlawful  to  sell  them  short.  The 
banks  may  not  loan  on  the  security  of  their  own  or  other  banks' 
capital  stocks.  These  two  provisions  make  it  most  inconvenient 
to  carry  on  manipulative  movements,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the 
fluctuations  are  slow  and  gradual,  influenced  rather  by  the  quan- 
tity of  capital  in  the  market  seeking  investment,  rather  than  by 
the  attitude  of  any  market  interests  however  powerful.  Trans- 
actions in  the  shares  are  nearly  all  in  odd  amounts.  Sales  of  one, 
three,  four,  seven  shares  and  the  like  are  far  more  frequent  than 
sales  of  twenty-five  or  hundred  share  lots.  This  is  the  natural 
result  when  holdings  remain  intact  during  the  lifetime  of  owners 
and  are  subdivided  among  a  number  of  heirs,  again  to  be  held, 
perhaps,  as  permanent  investments.  The  wealthy  families  of 
Montreal  and  Toronto,  capitalists  in  other  cities  and  towns, 
clergymen,  widows,  professional  men,  all  over  the  country,  hold 
the  capital  stock  of  the  Canadian  banks  in  large  and  small  lots. 
As  an  indication  of  how  the  stock  is  held,  it  was  observed  in  the 
case  of  one  of  the  large  banks  that  the  average  holding  per  stock- 
holder is,  at  the  present  time,  a  fraction  less  than  33,  and  that  on 
the  occasion  of  making  up  the  lists  for  the  half  yearly  dividends 
there  has  been  nearly  every  half  year,  for  a  long  time  back,  an 
increase  of  from  iS  to  25  names,  although  the  capital  had  not 
been  increased. 

The  banks  are  carefully  and  conservatively  managed.  They 
cannot  be  reproached,  as  can  some  of  the  big  banks  of  the  United 
States,  as  facilitating  and  instigating  stock  market  campaigns. 
In  Canada  the  first  regard  is  always  given  to  the  commercial  and 
industrial  requirement  for  credit.  If  there  is  not  enough  money 
for  both  the  mercantile  and  the  stock  market  demands,  the  stock 
market  speculators  are  invariably  pushed  to  the  wall.  Many  of 
the  bankers  who  guide  the  great  institutions  came  from  England 
or  Scotland,  and  they  brought  with  them  to  the  Dominion  the 
principles  and  ideas  held  by  the  greatest  British  bankers,  which 
have  contributed  so  much  to  make  British  banking  solid  and 
durable. 

Among  the  Canadian  banks,  the  Bank  of  Montreal  is  the 
oldest  and  most  prominent.  Canadians  take  great  pride  in  its 
strength  and  its  majestic  proportions.  It  is  the  fashion  for  the 
patriotic  to  compare  it  to  foreign  institutions,  to  the  disadvantage 
of  the  latter.  And,  in  truth,  the  foreign  banks  which  can  out- 
class it  are  limited  in  number,  and  some  of  them  do  so  because 
their  operations  include  other  matters  besides  banking.  The  in- 
vestment position  of  Bank  of  Montreal  stock  always  has  interest. 

Since  1889  the  dividend  has  been  kept  steady  at  10  per  cent. 
A  higher  rate  was  paid  before  that,  but  it  ran  up  and  down.  The 
quotation  at  present  is  about  257,  at  which  the  yield  is  slightly 


less  than  4  per  cent.  The  range  has  been  from  21544  in  January, 
1896,  to  28oK  in  January,  1903.  At  this  latter  figure  the  quota- 
tion was  swollen  with  the  rights  on  the  new  stock  issue  of  $2,- 
000,000.  Ex-rights,  it  sold  in  February  at  253.  From  this  it 
fell  some  ten  points  in  the  next  fifteen  months,  and  has  since 
steadily  improved.  The  amount  of  the  capital  drawing  dividends 
was  $12,000,000  for  many  years,  until  1903,  when  it  was  increased, 
reaching  $14,000,000  early  in  1904.  Profits  declared  during  the 
last  few  years  have  been  as  follows  : 

For  year  ending  3ist  October,   1904 f  1,609,208 

For  half  year  ending  3ist  October,  1903 917,156 

For  year  ending  3oth  April,  1903 1,813,483 

1902 1,601.152 

'9°! 1,537,522 

1900..                             ....  1,524,388 


The  addition  to  capital  account  has  been  already  mentioned. 
From  the  next  table,  which  shows  the  growth  of  the  bank's  total 
assets,  it  can  be  seen  how  the  course  of  the  profits  compares  with 
the  growth  in  resources  : 

TOTAL  ASSETS. 

As  at  3oth  April,   1899 #71,593,567 

1900   78,8=52, 197 

'9°i    99,582,059 

1902    i  14,670,653 

1903 125,548,110 

As  at  3oth  October,  1903 1 1  7,881 ,724 

1904 151,166,768 

One  of  the  noticeable  features  about  this  exhibition  is  the 
heavy  falling  off  in  earnings  during  1904.  Wielding  nearly  two 
millions  more  in  proprietors'  capital,  and  several  millions  extra 
in  resources  contributed  by  the  depositors  and  noteholders,  the 
profits  were  over  $200,000  less  than  in  1903.  The  cause  of  this 
drop  is  well-known  in  banking  and  financial  circles.  The  earn- 
ings in  1903  were  abnormally  swelled  by  the  high  rates  which 
the  bank  got  for  its  twenty  odd  millions  of  call  loans  in  New- 
York  during  the  early  stages  of  the  stock  market  collapse  in  that 
metropolis.  Then  in  1904,  when  speculation  was  dead,  the  7,8, 
and  10  per  cent,  call  loans  were  succeeded  by  a  dull,  dishearten- 
ing i  per  cent.  On  more  than  one  occasion  even  this  rate  was 
broken,  and  money  was  put  out  at  call  at  as  low  as  >2  to  !4  of  i 
per  cent.  This  circumstance  in  itself  is  sufficient  to  account  for 
the  poorer  exhibit  of  last  year. 

The  low  rates  for  money  in  New  York  have  extended  almost 
to  the  present  time,  but  the  prospects  are  now  thought  to  favor 
a  rise.  At  home  in  Canada  there  has  been  a  drop  in  the  call  loan 
rate  from  5  to  4^2  and  4  per  cent.  The  Bank  of  Montreal  does 
not  loan  at  call  in  Canada.  It  would  probably  have  to  mark 
down  its  time  loans  on  bonds  and  stocks  to  agree  with  the  reduc- 
tion made  by  other  banks  in  call  loans.  Mercantile  loans,  in 
which  the  bulk  of  the  bank's  funds  are  invested,  have  not  fallen, 
so  there  is  no  loss  of  revenue  there.  The  outlook  is  that  the  im- 
proved industrial  and  commercial  situation  in  the  Dominion  will 
cause  an  increase  in  the  commercial  demand  for  bank  loans.  The 
bank  can  then  withdraw  funds  from  the  stock  market  and  put 
them  where  they  will  produce  greater  revenue. 


Notes    of   the    Provinces 


AND 

New  f  o  u  n  d  1  a  n  d 


— The  Newfoundland  Government  has  decided 
to  revoke  the  privileges  so  long  enjoyed  by  New 
England  fishermen  of  buying  bait  and  fishing  in 
Newfoundland  waters.  This  is  the  logical  outcome 
of  the  recent  negotiations  with  the  United  States 
Government.  About  a  year  ago  the  Government 
of  Newfoundland  asked  the  United  States  to  reci- 
procate, and  a  treaty  was  drawn  up 
between  Secretary  Hay  and  Premier 
Bond,  whereby  the  Newfoundlanders 
were  to  be  given  free  access  for  their 
fish  at  United  States  ports,  and  certain 
privileges  in  return  for  the  fishing 
rights.  The  U.  S.  Senate  last  session 
so  amended  this  treaty  as  to  make  it 
entirely  one-sided  and  entirely  value- 
less to  the  Newfoundlanders.  The  ad- 
vocates of  a  retaliatory  policy  claim 
they  can  make  it  as  effective  against 
the  New  Knglanders  as  they  have  al- 
ready made  it  against  the  French  at 
St.  Pierre.  Their  position  appears 
sound.  At  present  the  Newfoundland 
fishermen  are  in  a  position  of  mere 
servants  to  the  American  traders,  re- 
ceiving a  fixed  rate  for  catching  the 
fish  and  preserving  them,  whereas  by  retaining  the 
industry  entirely  in  their  own  hands,  and  excluding 
the  Americans,  they  would  enjoy  the  enormous  pro- 
fits which  now  go  chiefly  to  Gloucester,  Mass.  The 
value  of  the  concessions  granted  by  Newfoundland 
is  illustrated  by  the  figures  showing  the  imports  of 
Newfoundland  herring  to  Gloucester,  Mass.,  during 
the  past  three  years,  which  follow  : 

Quality  1904  1903  1902 

Salted  herring,  bbls 74,097         46,918         59.6S6 

Fro/.en  herring,  bbls. ..  .22,825         '9. 94°         23i972 

The  figures  for  the  past  year  are  the  largest  in  the 
history  of  Gloucester,  and  show  just  how  great  will 
be  the  loss  caused  by  the  short-sighted  policy  of 
the  United  States  Government,  which  was  insti- 
gated by  the  fishermen  of  Gloucester  themselves. 
— On  March  13111  the  Newfoundland  sealing  fleet, 
comprising  23  steamers  this  year,  sailed  for  their 


annual  hunt  of  the  seals  among  the  Northern  sea- 
floes.  For  twenty  years  past  the  sailing  date  has 
always  been  March  10,  but  latterly  the  conviction 
has  been  borne  in  upon  all  connected  with  the  in- 
dustry, that  this  date  was  too  early,  as  it  allowed 
the  ships  among  the  young  seals  before  they  were 
fit  to  kill,  the  result  being  that  the  catch  always 


" 


\    -   v*«V> 

*•>     .' 

^       ^-  i        V  ^  •*.    •*»- 


Area,  42.734  squ 
Map  of  Canada 


lare  miles.  Popi 

with  portion  marked  black  showing  position  and  extent  of 

contained  too  many  immature  pelts.  This  winter 
the  owners  combined  among  themselves  to  hold 
back  the  ships  for  three  days,  it  being  too  late  to 
have  legislation  enacted,  though  this  will  be  done 
at  the  coming  session.  The  fleet  is  in  splendid 
trim  this  year,  several  ships  having  had  new  boilers 
and  engines  and  other  improvements,  while  the 
Neptune  is  back  again  in  her  place,  having  been  in 
Hudson  Bay  with  the  Canadian  expedition  last  year. 
The  crews  will  aggregate  almost  4,000  men,  the 
ship-owners  having  also  agreed  to  reduce  by  25  per 
cent,  the  maximum  fixed  by  law,  an  arrangement 
ensuring  against  over-crowding  and  enabling  the 
men  to  make  a  larger  share  each  of  the  profits  of 
the  voyage.  Of  the  23  ships  only  two — the  Viking 
and  Algerine,  will  cruise  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence this  season,  the  others  operating  on  "the 
front"  of  the  island,  along  the  north-east  coast  of 


Labrador,  eastward  to  the  Grand  Banks.  This  is  a 
very  unusual  distribution  of  the  fleet,  more  ships 
being  ordinarily  sent  into  the  Gulf,  but  the  winter 
has  been  so  severe  and  the  ice-pack  in  that  area  so 
enormous,  that  only  ships  of  high  power,  like  these 
two,  could  have  any  reasonable  prospect  of  con- 
tending against  it  successfully,  seeing  the  difficul- 
ties which  shipping  all  along  the  At- 
lantic seaboard  have  been  faced  with 
latterly  from  ice  and  storms. 

— We  learn  from  reliable  authorities 
that  there  has  been  a  heavy  slaughter 
of  caribou  along  the  western  shore  of 
late,  men  from  every  settlement  hav- 
ing killed  great  numbers,  says  the  St. 
John's  Evening  Herald.  The  caribou 
are  numerous  in  the  country  between 
Cinge  Cerf  and  Bay  de  East,  and  hun- 
dreds are  seen  by  travellers.  But  if 
the  people,  both  from  the  settlements 
and  from  the  schooners,  are  allowed 
to  kill  them  in  the  way  they  have  been 
doing  of  late,  they  will  soon  be  all  de- 
stroyed. In  some  favorite  areas  the 
deer  walk  down  to  the  seaside  and  eat 
the  kelp,  and  the  coastfolk  come  to 
these  places  in  schooners,  with  crews  of  men, 
and  carry  out  the  work  of  destruction  on  a 
most  appalling  scale.  They  have  surrounded  herds 
of  caribou  and  killed  and  wounded  them  with  shot 
until  masses  of  meat  were  accumulated,  which  are 
so  large  that  in  many  instances  they  will  never  be 
eaten.  This  is  a  very  serious  matter,  and  so  bare- 
faced has  the  slaughter  been  that  the  schooners 
have  moored  near  these  inlets  and  the  crews  have 
lived  on  board,  making  expeditions  inland  after 
the  deer  from  day  to  day  as  the  weather  served. 
Last  year  it  was  thought  that  the  amendments 
made  to  the  Deer  Act  were  sufficient  to  prevent  a 
repetition  of  such  battues,  but  the  butchery  con- 
tinues unabated,  and  the  law  is  either  still  inade- 
quate, its  machinery  is  defective,  or  there  is  a  flag- 
rant disregard  of  the  measures  taken  to  protect  this 
valuable  animal. 


ilation,  220, ooo. 
Newfoundland 


New    BrunswicK 


From  this  station  are  being  constantly  shipped 
large  quantities  of  cord  wood,  lumber,  railway  ties, 
hemlock  bark  and  other  like  products  of  the  forest. 
And  yet  the  long-suffering  farmers  and  traders  here 
are  without  telegraphic  facilities. 


— \V.  II.  Murray,  the  well-known  St.  John  lum- 
berman, says  that  the  total  season's  cut  on  the  St. 
John  River  and  tributaries  will  not  exceed  80,000,- 
ooo,  or  about  60,000,000  less  than  last  year.  The 
operators  have  about  all  finished  hauling,  and  will 
shortly  begin  to  make  preparations  for 
stream  driving. 

— Adamsville  station,  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  thirty  one  miles 
north  of  Moncton,  will,  some  day  in 
the  near  future,  be  one  of  considerable 
importance.  It  is  from  this  depot  that 
the  Beersville  Railway  runs  to  the  Im- 
perial Coal  Company's  mines  and 
thence  to  the  mines  of  the  Canadian 
Coal  and  Manganese  Company.  The 
roadbed  may  be  said  to  compare  favor- 
ably with  that  of  any  branch  line  in 
New  Brunswick. 

When  the  Beersville  branch  is  again 
running  and  the  mines  in  full  opera- 
tion, from  twenty  to  thirty  cars  of  coal 

•n  vi,  1.1.  '  Area— 27,985  Square  Miles  Population— 331,120 

will  be  brought  every  week  over  that    Map  of  Canada— with  portion  marked  black  showing  position  and  extent  of  New  Brunswick. 

line  to  the  junction  at  this  station ,  thus 

showing  the  importance  of  increased  railway  facili-          Adamsville  bids  fair  to  be  the  centre  of  a  fine 

ties  on  the  part  of  the  I.  C.  R.  agricultural  district.     The  land,  especially  in  the 


western  section,  is  first-class  for  the  purposes,  and 
will,  at  no  distant  day,  prove  very  productive  to  the 
tillers  of  the  soil. 

— It  is  about  time  New  Brunswick  began  to  claim 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  immigrants  who  land 
here  and  are  rushed  West.  Premier 
Tweedie's  statement  that  New  Bruns- 
wick needs  more  settlers  and  more  in- 
dustries is  rendered  more  pointed  by 
the  proposal  to  establish  great  enter- 
prises at  Grand  Falls,  and  to  utilize  to 
the  fullest  possible  extent  the  great 
water-power  there. 

New  Brunswick  does  not  need  and 
could  not  accommodate  so  many  new 
people  as  the  West,  but  among  the 
thousands  who  are  coming  to  Canada 
there  undoubtedly  are  hundreds  to 
whom  New  Brunswick  can  offer  ad- 
vantages they  cannot  find  in  the  new 
provinces,  and  who  would  remain  here 
if  occupation  were  assured  and  if  the 
conditions  were  explained  to  them  be- 
fore they  had  decided  definitely  upon 
the  North-West,  but  the  facts  must  be  known  be- 
fore they  reach  Canada. 


V---JT, 


RESOURCES 


Nova    Scotia 


Slit 


— A  steel  railway  dry  dock  is  now  assured  for 
North  Sydney,  Cape  Breton,  of  sufficient  capacity 
to  accommodate  steamers  and  vessels  of  five  thou- 
sand tons.  The  necessary  capital  of  5250,000  has 
been  subscribed,  most  of  which  is  held  by  Joseph 
Leiter,  the  famous  wheat  king,  and  other  Chicago 
people.  The  Dominion  Government 
will  give  a  subsidy  of  $6,000  a  year, 
and  the  concern  will  have  a  local 
bonus  and  provincial  subsidy.  Capt. 
J.  A.  Farquhar,  of  Halifax,  is  the  prin- 
cipal man  behind  the  promotion  of  the 
enterprise. 

— The  Dominion  Coal  Company  will 
have  a  fleet  of  ten  chartered  boats,  be- 
sides five  steamers  of  their  own  en- 
gaged in  carrying  coal  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence markets  during  the  season.  This 
will  be  the  largest  fleet  yet  had  by  the 
company  in  the  trade.  One  of  the 
steamers  will  be  the  James  Ross,  called 
after  the  president  of  the  company. 
She  is  now  in  course  of  construction 
at  Middleboro,  Kngland,  and  will  lie 
ready  in  time  for  this  season's  shipping. 
have  a  carrying  capacity  of  J.IKXI  tons. 

— In  one  week  last  month  71  cars  of  pig  iron 
were  shipped  by  the  I.  C.  R.  from  the  Nova  Scotia 
Steel  and  Coal  Company's  plant  at  Sydnev  Mines. 
The  product  was  principally  for  the  Ontario  mar- 
ket. The  furnace  at  Sydney  Mines  is  running  to 
its  fullest  capacity,  and  the  week's  output  was  the 
largest  since  the  furnace  commenced  operations. 
The  company  expect  to  manufacture  steel  by  June, 

Area,  351,873  Square  Miles. 

— Sir  William  Macdonald's  scheme  for  the  im- 
provement of  education  in  Quebec  will  involve  an 
expenditure  of  at  least  £2,000,000.  The  plan  in- 
cludes the  building  of  a  normal  school  at  St.  Anne's 
in  connection  with  his  proposed  agricultural  college 
there,  and  also  residences  for  the  pupils. 

Also  a  fund  to  consoli- 
date the  rural  Protestant 
schools  of  the  province,  and 
large  benefactions  to  help 
the  small  schools  in  poor 
communities.  To  aid  in  the 
introduction  into  the  schools 
of  nature  study,  domestic 
science  and  manual  training, 
the  millionaire  has  pro- 
vided forty  scholarships.  The 
scheme  is  to  be  developed  at 
St.  Anne  de  Hellevue,  at  the 
head  of  Montreal  island, 
twenty  miles  from  the  city. 
The  agricultural  college  with 
which  the  training  school  is 
to  be  associated  will  occupy 
800  acres  of  land. 

Sir  William,  it  is  said,  is 
ready  to  give  $4,000,000  to 
carry  out  his  scheme  for  the 
betterment  of  elementary  and 
agricultura'  education  in  the 
Province  of  Quebec. 

—What  looks  like  a  (con- 
tinuation of  Ontario  min- 
erals in  Quebec  is  to  be 
further  explored  by  a  party 
of  Hudson  Bay  Company 

men,  who  have  left  Montreal  for  the  new  gold  dis- 
trict of  Lake  Shabogama,  Quebec,  some  2X5  miles 
north-east  of  Lake  Temiskaming. 

After  a  visit  of  inspection,  Inspector  Obalski  re- 


when  their  open  hearth   furnaces   will  have   been 
completed. 

— The  Nova  Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company's 
output  of  coal  will  be  increased  to  650,000  tons  this 
year,  an  increase  of  200,000  tons  or  nearly  50  per 
cent.,  over  that  of  last  year.  No.  i  Colliery  is  to 


V. 


• 


•'»<=,  . 


vr 

*lt.  ••}"""" 

3tfi\ 
sV',\l  »r-  *-""— H  '  -,""•'"• 

%•<<: 


Area — 21. 4^s  Square  Milus 

Map  of  Canada — with  portion  marked  black  showing  position  and  < 


ntloii—  .1511.57.1 
Nova  Scotia. 


be  double-deck  caged,  thus  adding  to  its  output. 
But  the  banner  colliery  will  be  Sydney  No.  3, 
whose  output  will  go  up  by  at  least  75  per  cent. 

The  blast  furnace  will  be  worked  at  full  capacity 
during  the  year,  and  the  steel  works  will  be  read}' 
for  operation  in  August.  Next  week  a  battery  of 
forty  coke  ovens  will  go  into  operation. 

— A  bill  was  read  a  second  time,  on  March  I5th, 
in  the  Nova  Scotia  Legislature  regarding  the  capi- 
tal of  the  Nova  Scotia  Steel  and  Coal  Company. 

Quebec 

ported  the  fmdingof  a  gold  vein  2,1x10  feet  in  length 
bv  30  wide,  the  largest  known  vein  in  Canada,  and 
also  deposits  of  asbestos  similar  to  that  of  the  I  vast- 
em  Townships  of  Quebec,  which  practically  con- 
trols the  asbestos  market  of  the  world.  Quebec 
officials  think  it  is  a  continuation  of  the  Sudbnrv- 


THK    PINNACLE,"    NKAR    DANVILLE,    RICHMOND   COVNTY,    Ql'KBKC 


Teniiskaming  mineral  belt. 

— The  Great  Northern  Railway  has  completed 
plans  by  which  it  expects  to  secure  independent 
terminals  in  the  port  of  Montreal. 


The  preamble  of  the  bill  sets  forth  that  the  capi- 
tal of  the  company  amounts  to  the  sum  of  £7,000,- 
ooo,  and  consists  of  50,000  shares  of  common  stock 
and  20,000  shares  of  preferred  stock,  the  company 
still  holding  9,000  of  the  latter,  and  also  that  the 
company  is  desirous  of  reducing  its  capital  to  the 
sum  of  £6,000,000,  by  the  cancellation 
of  the  9,700  shares  of  preferred  stock. 
The  bill  then  proceeds  to  provide 
for  the  reduction  of  the  capital  and 
the  cancellation  of  the  9,700  shares  of 
preferred  stock  in  the  company's  treas- 
ury. 

— Major  Howard,  agent  general  for 
Nova  Scotia,  has  received,  on  behalf 
of  his  government,  the  gold  medal 
from  the  Crystal  Palace  exhibition  for 
the  exhibit  of  fruit,  viz.,  cooking,  eat- 
ing and  cider  apples. 

— A  bill  was  introduced  in  the  Local 
House,  March  27,  by  the  Government, 
to  loan  Mackenzie  and  Mann  one  mil- 
lion, seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars  to  purchase  the  Halifax  and 
Yarmouth  road  of  fifty  miles,  which  will  give  them 
a  complete  road  from  Halifax  to  Yarmouth  of  270 
miles,  and  also  to  pay  for  the  Middleton  and  Vic- 
toria Beach  road  of  forty  miles.  This  will  give 
Mackenzie  &  Mann  in  all  over 650  miles  of  railway 
in  this  province  and  Cape  Breton. 

— A  company  comprising  American  and  Provin- 
cial capitalists  have  organized  for  the  purpose  of 
conducting  in  Sydney  and  Halifax,  first-class 
modern  hotels. 

Population,   1,618,898 

The-  company  has  secured  a  large    piece  of   pro- 
perty from  the  Viatt  estate  in   the  part   of   Longtie 
Pointe  almost  next  to   Yiauville,  and  it  is  intended 
that  terminal  lines  should  be  built  from  the  present 
Great  Northern  railway  lines  to  the  water  front. 
I'p  to  the  present   time  the   company  has  been 
using   the    terminals    of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  for 
shipment    by    the    St.    Law- 
rence. 

The  plans  of  the  railway 
will  be  carried  out  as  soon 
as  arrangements  are  made 
between  the  company  and 
the  Harbor  Board,  by  which 
the  latter  will  build  the 
whart  similar  to  the  one  it 
has  constructed  further  down 
fur  the  Locomotive  and  Ma- 
chine Company. 

— Arrangements  have  been 
completed  for  the  installa- 
tion of  electrical  machinery 
to  operate  all  the  locks  in 
the  Lachine  Canal,  and  the 
entire  new  system  will  be  in 
operation  on  the  re-opening 
of  navigation.  Special  power 
houses  have  already  been 
completed  on  Mill. street  and 
at  Cote  St.  Paul,  and  from 
the  outset  the  steamers  will 
be  able  to  take  advantage  of 
the  big  saving  in  time  that 
will  be  effected.  It  is  calcu- 
lated that  with  the  electrical 

equipment  there  will  be  a  saving  of  slightly  over 
five  minutes  at  each  lock.  The  plan  of  Improve- 
ments for  the  different  canals  around  Montreal  will 
result  in  an  outlay  of  close  to £400,000. 


i8 


RESOURCES 


— The  Financial  Chronicle,  of  London,  has  the 
following  to  say  concerning  an  important  Canadian 
industry:  "The  rapid  growth  in  the  exports  of 
wood  pulp  to  this  country  from  Canada  is  striking- 
ly shown  by  statistics  just  published.  It  was  only 
in  1894  that  exports  of  any  magnitude  were  sent  to 
Great  Britain,  and  in  that  year  the  value  of  the  con- 
signments was  only  some  $178,000.  By  1901  the 


exports  had  risen  to  $934, 700,  and  in  1903  they 
reached  the  substantial  amount  of  $1,129,000.  Of 
course,  Canadian  exports  of  wood  pulp  to  America 
commenced  at  a  much  earlier  date.  Fifteen  years 
ago  the  value  of  the  exports  amounted  to  $147,000, 
and  in  1903  America  purchased  pulp  to  the  extent 
of  f  1,795,000;  whilst  the  whole  export  trade  has  in- 
creased in  fourteen  years  by  just  $3,000,000,  or 


nearly  100  per  cent.  The  growth  of  the  exports  to 
Great  Britain  has  been  more  rapid  than  in  the  case 
of  America.  An  increasing  demand  for  Canadian 
pulp  has  also  arisen  in  other  countries,  so,  alto- 
gether, the  pulp  trade  has  become  an  important 
item  in  the  commerce  of  Canada." 


Area,  260,862  Square  Miles- 


Ontario 


Population,  2,182,947 


ON   THK   SHORK   OF   I,AKK   HURON,    AT   SOUTHAMPTON,    ONTARIO 


— The  James  Bay  Railway  Company  have  ordered 
20,000  tons  of  English  rails  for  deliveries  ending  in 
September,  the  Canadian  mills  being  unable  to 
supply  such  a  quantity  in  such  short  notice.  I).  D. 
Mann  says  that  trains  will  be  running  to  Parry 
Sound  by  September  i,  andtoSudbury  by  the  New 
Year.  A  steamer  service  to  Port  Arthur  will  then 
be  inaugurated  until  the  road  is  completed  to  that 
point. 

— The  Ontario  Electrical  Development  Company, 
which  has  just  let  contracts  for  a  new  half  million 
dollar  power  house  at  Niagara  Falls,  has  decided  on 
a  very  extensive  scheme  of  power  development  for 
the  villages,  towns  and  cities  of  Western  Ontario, 
in  addition  to  the  power  to  be  delivered  in  Toronto. 

Surveying  parties  will  start 'out  immediately  to 
locate  routes  for  power  cables  to  Brantford,  Paris. 
Guelph,  Gait,  Preston,  Berlin,!  Ayr  and  all  places 
requiring  power  in  those  districts,  while  Stratford, 
London  and  places  in  the  districts  surrounding 
these  cities  will  all  be  given  the  opportunity  in  the 
near  future  of  using  power  from  Niagara. 

— The  copper  and  nickel  deposits  of  Ontario  are 
a  constant  subject  of  enquiry  from  outside  capital- 
ists. The  latest  enquiry  comes  from  the  Gewkir- 
shaft  Deutsche  Nikel  Gesselschaft  der  Grubenvor- 
stand,  of  Germany.  The  company  controls  a  newly 
invented  plan  for  heating  the  ores,  and  is  anxious 
to  secure  mining  lands  and  erect  a  smelter. 

— Arrangements  have  been  completed  for  the 
amalgamation  of  the  Canadian  Otis  Elevator  Co., 
Limited,  of  Hamilton,  and  the  Fensom  Elevator 
Co..  Limited,  of  Toronto.  The  name  of  the  new 
company  is  the  Otis  Fensom  Elevator  Co.,  Limited, 


with  head  offices  in  the  Confederation  Life  Build- 
ing, Toronto,  and  works  at  Hamilton. 

The  present  works  in  Hamilton  will  be  increased 
considerably  over  twice  their  present  size  to  accom- 
modate the  work  from  the  Toronto  shops  and  to 
take  care  of  future  increase  of  business.  Besides 
enlarging  the  present  buildings,  there  will  be  a  lieu- 
fireproof  pattern  vault  and  a  new  foundry  building. 

The  officers  of  the  new  company  are:  \V.  D. 
Baldwin,  president;  Geo.  A.  Fensom,  vice-president 
and  general  manager;  H.  C.  Black,  treasurer,  and 
T.  F.  Nivin,  secretary.  The  directors  are:  W.  D. 
Baldwin,  Geo.  H.  F"ensom,  W.  G.  McCune,  Joseph 
Wright  and  Watson  Jack.  Business  was  commenced 
under  the  new  name  on  March  7, 

— Construction  work  will  be  commenced  at  the 
beginning  of  April  on  a  new  thirty-stall  round- 
house, which  is  to  be  erected  at  Mimico,  Out.,  for 
the  Grand  Trunk.  The  building  will  cover  an  area 
of  50,000  square  feet,  not  including  the  turntable, 
and  will  be  constructed  of  concrete.  There  will  be 
no  wood  used  in  the  whole  structure,  and  steel  only 
for  beams,  etc.  No  railway  in  Canada  has  a  large 
structure  built  of  concrete  alone.  Mr.  Painter, 
architect,  of  Montreal,  who  has  the  work  in  hand, 
says  that  concrete  buildings  are  not  uncommon  in 
Toronto,  Detroit  and  other  cities,  and  although 
none  have  yet  been  erected  by  railway  companies 
in  Canada,  he  is  certain  it  will  satisfy  the  company 
in  every  particular.  The  advantages  of  a  concrete 
structure  is  its  fireproof  nature.  A  machine  shop 
covering  an  area  of  8, 750  square  feet  will  also  be  put 
up  in  connection  with  the  roundhouse. 

— Two  additional,  deposits   of  cobalt  silver  ore 


have  been  discovered  along  the  Temiskaming  Rail- 
wav. 

According  to  information  received  at  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  one  of  these  is  located  25  miles  north  of 
Haileybury,  quite  near  the  railway,  while  theother 
is  a  little  farther  north  and  west  of  the  railway. 

— There  are  several  good  universities  in  Ontario, 
the  principal  being  the  University  of  Toronto,  a 
teaching  university,  with  which  are  affiliated  the 
following  institutions,  namely,  University  College 
(Provincial),  Victoria  College  (Methodist),  Wy- 
cliffe  College  (Anglican),  the  Ontario  Agricultural 
College,  School  of  Practical  Science,  two  Medical 
and  a  Dental  College,  a  Veterinary  College  and  two 
Colleges  of  Music,  etc.  This  university  was  found- 
ed in  1827.  It  has  an  endowment  of  over  a  million 
dollars,  and  an  income  of  $85,000.  Its  students, 
male  and  female,  number  about  2,000.  It  also  is 
undenominational. 

The  following  universities  have  been  established 
by  various  denominations  : 

Ottawa  University  (Roman  Catholic),  Queen's 
University  (Presbyterian),  Trinity  University 
(Episcopalian),  The  Western  University  (Episco- 
palian), Victoria  University  (Methodist),  now  fed- 
erated with  Toronto,  Knox  College  (Presbyterian) 
and  McMaster  University  (Baptist). 

In  addition  to  the  above,  a  number  of  private 
and  endowed  schools  and  colleges  are  to  be  found 
throughout  the  Province  for  the  students  of  both 
sexes,  some  of  which  are  of  a  denominational  char- 
acter. Amongst  these  the  Upper  Canada  College 
is  well  known.  There  is  also  a  school  of  Art  and 
Design,  located  at  Toronto. 


RESOURCES 


Area,  372,112  Square  Miles. 


Manitoba    and     North-West    Territories 


Population,  611,151 


— The  heavy  rush  of  American  immigration  is 
now  on.  In  one  week  last  month  nearly  300  cars 
of  settlers'  effects  were  handled  from  the  States 
over  the  Soo  line  and  to  Canadian  points  by  the 
C.  P.  R.  Minnesota,  Iowa  and  the  Dakotas  are 
largely  represented  in  the  settlers  coming  in  during 
this  period. 

— The  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  having  agreed  to 
establish  shops  and  a  union  depot  in  Edmonton, 
Alberta,  the  town  council,  as  a  result,  have  granted 
the  company  a  bonus  of  ftioo,ooo. 

— The  extensive  ranges  of  the  Cochrane  Ranch 
Company  in  Southern  Alberta,  containing  some 
66, 500  acres  of  land,  have  been  sold.  The  consid- 
eration is  said  to  be  in  the  neighborhood  of  $400.- 
ooo,  or  about  $6  per  acre.  The  purchaser  is  an 
American  capitalists  and  it  is  the  intention  to  colo- 
nize the  lands. 

The  Cochrane  ranch  is  one  of  the  oldest  estab- 
lished and  best  known  ranches  in  Alberta,  having 
been  established  in  1881  by  the  late  Senator  Coch- 
rane, and  is  composed  of  66,500  acres  of  land  and 
about  12,000  head  of  cattle.  The  quality  of  the 
latter  is  said  to  be  the  finest  in  Alberta,  as  the  sires 
were  nearly  all  imported  by  Senator  Cochrane  from 
Scotland,  and  all  the  cattle  were  bred  on  the  range. 

— During  the  year  1904  over  4,000,000  trees  have 
been  supplied  for  plantation  purposes  in  Manitoba 
and  the  North-West  Territories.  In  all  probability 
this  year  will  increase  that  number. 

— Private  letters  received  from  Kngland  and 
Scotland  to  parties  in  Lethbridge,  state  that  the 
immigration  to  Western  Canada  this  spring  will  be 
the  largest  ever  known  for  these  countries  in  the 
history  of  immigration.  The  correspondents  state 
that  thousands  of  people  are  making  preparations 
to  leave  for  the  Dominion,  and  the  majority  of 
them  will  locate  in  the  West. 

— From  reliable  information  obtained,  it  is  esti- 
mated that  upwards  of  f  6oo,<x>o  

will  be  expended  in  building 
at  Moose  Jaw  this  coming  sea- 
son. Upwards  of  three  hundred 
structures  are  now  under  con- 
sideration. It  is  reported  that 
the  C.  P.  R.  will  erect  a  large 
machine  shop  at  this  point,  and 
also  enlarge  the  stockyards 
which  were  partially  completed 
last  fall.  The  Masonic  temple, 
post  office,  and  other  large 
buildings,  are  among  the  nume- 
rous new  buildings  to  be  started. 
It  is  reported  that  the  town  is 
to  have  a  stove  foundry,  shirt 
factory  and  a  steam  laundry. 

— In  Assiniboia  the  coal  fields 
of  the  Souris  are  worked  in 
thirteen  localities,  but  there  are 
but  two  or  three  mines  that  are 
steadily  worked.  Medicine  Hat 
on  the  western  edge  of  this  dis- 
trict has  five  mines.  The  coal 
areas  of  this  part  of  Canada  are 
restricted  to  the  portion  near 
the  international  boundary. 

In  the  Souris  district,  taking 
into  account  only  the  part  east- 
ward from  Estevan,  the  coal 
that  seems  available  is  estimated 
at  seven  million  tons  per  square 
mile  for  an  area  of  more  than 
fifty  square  miles.  Westward 
from  Estevan  there  is  undoubt- 
edly as  much  coal,  but  it  is  not  yet  known  how 
much  of  it  is  available.  The  coal  formation  occu- 
pies the  intervening  country  to  the  summit  of  the 


coteau,  and  thence  westward  in  the  higher  plateaus 
and  hills  of  Wood  Mountain  and  Cypress  Hills. 

Alberta  is  underlaid  in  nearly  its  whole  extent  by 
coal  bearing  rocks,  and  within  the  district  there 
are  forty-eight  mines  being  worked.  Of  these,  the 


are  being  opened  up  which  will  change  the  statis- 
tical tables  very  much  in  the  next  few  years.  The 
Edmonton  mines  are  on  two  small  seams  beneath 
the  town  and  supply  only  local  demand.  The 
largest  seam  in  the  district  is  one  25  feet  in  thick- 


E            '•*           '$$•'- 

¥ 

fife 

t. 

* 

TUT.    FIRST   01'KRATION    ON    A    FARM  —  NKAK    KPMONTON,    AI.HKRTA 

mines  at  I<ethbridge  are  the  most  important,  as  the 
coal  comes  from  a  deeper  coal-bearing  hori/.on  than 
those  at  the  Souris,  and  is  of  a  better  quality.  The 
seam  mined  is  exposed  in  the  banks  of  the  Belly 
River,  with  a  thickness  of  5  l'z  feet,  and  as  the  meas- 


ness  outcropping  on  the  Saskatchewan  2o  miles 
above  Edmonton,  In  the  Peace  River  region  there 
are  several  seams  known,  but  as  there  has  been 
very  little  prospecting  definite  statements  cannot 
be  made. 


VIEW   OF    BRANDON,    "  THR   WHEAT  CITY,"    MANITOBA 
FROM    THE    EXPERIMENTAL   FARM 


ures  are  nearly  horizontal,  its  extent  must  be  con- 
siderable. Frank  and  Blainnore  are  coming  to  the 
front  as  coal  mining  centres,  and  a  number  of  mines 


— On  the  2oth  of  March  the  western  division  of 
the  C.  P.  R.  issued  a  crop  bulletin,  which  indicates 
that  throughout  Alberta  the  work  of  seeding  is  in 


20 


preparation,  or  that  it  has  already  begun.  It  has 
progressed  further  in  the  south  than  in  the  north. 

— Oil  of  good  quality  is  now  gushing  from  the 
earth  in  the  Canadian  North-West.  In  the  extreme 
southwestern  section  of  Alberta,  five  miles  from 
the  American  boundary  line,  a  thriving  town  has 
sprung  up  within  the  last  few  weeks,  populated  al- 
most entirely  by  oil  prospectors  and  those  interest- 
ed in  the  development  of  recent  discoveries.  The 
valley  in  which  these  wells  lie  is  described  by  geo- 
logists as  an  enormous  crevice,  caused  by  a  volcanic 
eruption  cross-cutting  the  formation  of  the  Rock}7 
Mountains  and  forming  a  basin,  into  which  the  oil 
has  seeped  until  it  has  formed  lakes  underlying  the 
rock  formation  at  a  depth  of  a  thousand  feet.  The 
oil  is  said  to  have  been  made  by  the  distillation  of 
the  large  coal  bodies  lying  to  the  north,  as  surface 
indications  of  oil  have  been  seen  throughout  Al- 
berta for  a  number  of  years. 

Several  years  ago  a  farmer  named  William  Al- 
drich used  to  gather  the  oil  in  barrels  from  the  sur- 
face seepages  and  sell  it  to  his  neighbors  for  light- 
ing and  lubricating  purposes,  often  gathering  as 
much  as  a  dozen  barrels  a  day.  In  1891,  John  I,in- 

Area,  372,640  Square  Miles. 

— The  contract  for  the  construction  of  the  big 
hotel  at  Victoria,  B.C.,  has  been  let  by  the  C.  P.  R. 
to  A.  E.  and  R.  Barrett,  contractors,  of  British 
Columbia.  Their  tender  for  the  work  was  $500,000. 
It  will  be  commenced  the  first  of  April,  by  which 
time  the  foundations  willobe  completed, 

— C.  K.  Berry,  represent- 
ing some  Boston  capitalists, 
have  approached  the  British 
Columbia  Government  seek- 
ing half  a  million  acres  of 
agricultural  land  on  which 
it  is  proposed  to  establish 
3,500  families  in  fanning 
communities.  The  capital- 
ists agree  to  improve  the 
land,  build  and  maintain 
roads,  trails  and  bridges,  and 
sell  it  to  settlers,  whom  they 
will  attract  from  Eastern 
Canada  and  the  United 
States. 

— The  Grand  Trunk  Pa- 
cific has  acquired  from  the 
original  owners  about  17,000 
acres  of  land,  and  is  now  in- 
corporating as  the  Bulkley  & 
Telkma  Valley  Coal  Com- 
pany, the  directors  being 
Messrs.  C.  M.  Hays,  F.  W. 
Morse,  A.  C.  Vernon,  F.  S. 
Barnard,  E,  T.  Russell,  E.  V. 
Dodwell  and  H.  H.  Hays. 
The  capitalization  is  one  mil- 
lion. The  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  have  also  acquired 
the  charter  of  the  Pacific,  Northern  Omineca  Rail- 
way Company,  which  was  chartered  by  the  Do- 
minion and  Provincial  governments  in  1901,  to  con- 
struct a  railway  from  Kitimaat  to  Hazelton,  with 
branches  in  the  Bulkley  and  Telkma  coal  fields. 
The  company  has  a  subsidy  of  |s,ooo  a  mile,  and  it 
is  presumed  that  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  will 
build  it  as  a  branch  line.  They  have  two  years  yet 
in  which  to  complete  construction. 

— The  British  Columbia  collieries  having  large 
outputs  are  situated  on  Vancouver  Island  and  in 
the  mountains  near  the  Crow's  Nest  Pass. 

The  Nanaimo  field  has  an  extent  of  about  200 
square  miles,  the  seams  worked  containing  from 
six  to  eight  feet  of  coal.  The  output  of  these  mines 
is  more  than  one  million  tons,  most  of  which  is  sold 
to  San  Francisco.  The  Comox  field  probably  covers 


RESOURCES 

ham,  a  lumberman  of  Okotokos,  Alberta,  heard  of 
Aldrich  gathering  oil  in  this  crude  way  and  deter- 
mined to  investigate.  He  went  up  the  valley  and 
looked  the  ground  over.  So  satisfied  was  he  with 
what  he  saw  that  he  went  East  and  engaged  the 
best  oil  expert  he  could  get  to  make  a  report  on 
the  district.  So  flattering  was  the  report  that  Mr. 
Linham  at  once  formed  a  company  of  his  friends 
and  they  purchased  this  tract  of  oil  land  in  the 
mountains. 

All  the  latest  oil  appliances  were  purchased,  and 
operations  were  begun  in  the  spring  of  1902.  Al- 
most atthe  start  a  3oo-barrel  well  was  struck  at  a 
depth  of  1,020  feet,  but  the  "bore  hole"  was 
plugged  and  the  find  was  kept  as  quiet  as  possible. 
More  wells  were  struck,  and  before  the  outside 
world  knew  what  was  going  on,  the  company  had 
secured  practically  all  the  land  likely  to  produce 
oil  in  that  region.  Owing  to  the  extreme  difficulty 
in  having  the  land  surveyed,  ou  account  of  the 
roughness  of  the  country  and  the  fact  that  the  sur- 
veyors had  to  go  to  the  monuments  on  the  interna- 
tional boundary  to  get  their  bearings,  and  the  de- 
lay in  getting  the  title  of  the  land  from  the  Gov- 

British    Columbia 

more  area,  but  it  is  not  as  productive.  In  some 
sections  there  are  20  feet  of  coal. 

The  Crow's  Xest  Pass  coal  fields  have  an  area  of 
about  230  square  miles,  and  under  some  parts  of 
this  there  is  known  to  be  2i3feet  thickness  of  coal. 
By  assuming  a  minimum  of  loo  feet  for  this  area, 


THK   r.RKAT    HOW    RIVER,    BRITISH    COLUMBIA 

an  estimate  of  the  amount  of  coal  gives  the  enor- 
mous quantity  of  22, 600 millions  of  tons,  or  enough 
to  supply  the  world's  present  needs  for  twenty-five 
years. 

The  mines  at  Fernie  are  perhaps  the  largest  in 
the  district,  and  are  in  the  valley  of  a  tributary  of 
the  Elk  River. 

On  the  larger  of  the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands 
there  is  an  area  of  about  150  square  miles  of  coal- 
bearing  rocks.  Part  of  this  area  contains  anthracite 
coal,  but  for  the  most  part  it  is  bituminous. 

--The  trade  of  British  Columbia,  if  still  unim- 
portant when  compared  with  the  extent,  resources 
and  immense  future  possibilities  of  the  province, 
has  improved  and  developed  wonderfully  during 
the  past  few  years,  showing  an  increase  in  the  last 
decade  that  speaks  volumes  for  the  progress  and  en- 
terprise of  the  people.  It  is  now  the  largest  in  the 


ernment.  It  took  some  time  for  the  work  of  de- 
velopment to  get  under  way,  but  suddenly  the 
people  of  Canada  were  aware  that  their  country  was 
producing  something  richer  than  wheat  in  the 
great  North-West.  Roads  were  being  built,  ma- 
chinery brought  in,  bridges  being  built  over  the 
mountain  streams,  while  houses  and  shanties  were 
going  up  in  all  directions.  Men  were  working 
night  and  day  on  the  wells,  and  now  this  company 
has  two  wells,  each  of  which  will  produce  over 
three  hundred  barrels  of  illuminating  oil  a  day,  and 
during  the  last  few  weeks  another  large  drill  has 
been  taken  in,  which  is  capable  of  boring  a  twelve- 
inch  holetoa  depth  of  3,000  feet,  if  necessary.  This 
machine  has  already  bored  to  a  depth  of  over  seven 
hundred  feet,  and  oil  has  been  struck,  but  ihe  com- 
pany is  going  deeper,  in  the  hope  of  striking  a 
gusher. 

Further  north  it  is  the  same  story.  To  the  north 
of  here  for  a  distance  of  fully  a  thousand  miles  oil 
exists  in  unknown  quantities,  and  for  the  last  year 
or  so  prospectors  have  covered  the  country,  boring 
and  striking  oil. 


Population,  178.657 

world  per  head  of  population  except  Holland.  Pro- 
minent exports  are  fish,  coal,  gold,  silver-lead, 
timber,  masts  and  spars,  furs  and  skins,  fish  oil  and 
hops.  A  large  portion  of  the  salmon,  canned  and 
pickled,  goes  to  Great  Britain,  Eastern  Canada,  the 
United  States,  Australia  and  Japan  ;  the  United 
.States  and  Hawaiian  Islands 
consume  a  large  share  of  the 
exported  coal,  and  great 
quantities  of  timber  are  ship- 
ped to  Great  Britain,  South 
Africa.  China,  Japan,  India, 
Australia  and  ports  in  South 
America.  To  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States  are 
sent  the  valuable  furs  and 
peltries  of  land  animals  and 
the  much-prized  seal  and 
otter,  etc.  China  also  re- 
ceives a  considerable  amount 
of  lumber,  timber  and  furs. 
Valuable  shipments  of  fish 
oil,  principally  obtained  from 
dog  fish  at  the  Queen  Char- 
lotte Islands,  are  consigned 
to  the  United  States  and  to 
the  Hawaiian  Islands.  These 
industries,  though  already 
of  considerable  importance, 
are  destined  to  become  very 
large  as  well  as  very  profit- 
able enterprises  in  the  near 
future.  A  large  inter-provin- 
cial trade  with  Eastern  Can- 
ada, Manitoba  and  the  North-West  Territories  is 
rapidly  developing,  the  fruit  of  the  province  being 
largely  shipped  to  the  prairies,  where  it  finds  a  good 
market.  With  the  shipping  facilities  offered  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  and  the  magnificent 
steamship  lines  to  Japan,  China,  Australia  and  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  backed  by  her  natural  advan- 
tages of  climate  and  geographical  position  and  im- 
mense resources  in  timber  and  minerals,  British 
Columbia  is  gradually  obtaining  her  proper  share 
of  the  commerce  of  the  world.  There  is  no  other 
country  on  the  globe  more  richly  endowed  with 
varied  resources  of  wealth — fisheries,  timber,  min- 
erals, pasture  and  arable  lands,  etc.  |  j  All  are  open 
to  those  who  choose  to  avail  themselves  of  these 
new  and  attractive  fields  of  enterprise. 

The  province  affords  excellent  educational  oppor- 
tunities. The  school  system  is  free  and  non  -sectarian 


RESOURCES 


21 


FOR   SALE, 


Valuable  Farm 

Located  on  tKe  borders  of 
the  far-famed  .Annapolis 
Valley,  Nova  Scotia 

Southern  aspect.  Comprises  240  acres.  Or- 
chard of  400  trees,  good  dwelling  house  and 
barns,  supplied  with  running  water  from 
springs  the  year  round.  Stocked  with  a  small 
herd  of  Jerseys,  farm  horses,  and  some  small 
stock.  There  is  a  large  apiary  on  the  place 
giving  a  good  yield  of  honey.  This  farm  is 
well  adapted  for  fruit  raising  and  dairying, 
and  is  equipped  with  modern  implements. 

Address    enquiries    to    "  S,"    RESOURCES, 
B  31  Board  of  Trade  Building,  Montreal. 


When  in 
Montreal 


Dine  at 

Freeman's 


ESTABLISHED  1863 


154  and  156 

St.  James  street 


HDWAKD  I,.  PARKER 


EDWARD  C.  RAWSON 


WILLIAM  D.  CUTTER 


Parker,  Rawson  ®,  Cutter 

Public  Accountants 


50  State  Street,  Room  50 


BOSTON,  Mass..  U.S.A. 


and  is  as  efficient  as  that  of  any  other  province  in 
the  Dominion.  The  expenditure  for  educational 
purposes  amounts  to  £600,000 annually.  The  (Gov- 
ernment builds  a  school-house,  makes  a  grant  for 
incidental  expenses,  and  pays  a  teacher  in  every 
district  where  twenty  children  between  the  ages  of 
six  and  sixteen  can  be  brought  together.  For  out- 
lying farming  ^districts  and  mining  camps  this 
arrangement  is  very  advantageous.  High  schools 
are  also  established  in  cities,  where  classics  and 
higher  mathematics  are  taught.  Several  British 
Columbia  cities  also  now  have  charge  of  their  own 
public  and  high  schools,  and  these  receive  a  very 
liberal  per  capita  grant  in  aid  from  the  Provincial 
(Government.  The  minimum  salary  paid  to  teachers 
is  $50  per  month  in  rural  districts,  up  to  $1411  in 
city  and  high  schools.  Attendance  in  public  schools 
is  compulsory.  The  Kducation  Department  is  pre- 
sided over  by  a  Minister  of  the  Crown.  There  are 
also  a  superintendent  and  three  inspectors  in  the 
province,  and  boards  of  trustees  in  each  district. 
According  to  the  last  education  report  there  are 
354  Schools  ill  operation,  of  which  lo  are  high.  65 
graded  and  279  common.  The  number  of  pupils 
enrolled  June  30,  190.),  was  25^7,  and  of  teachers, 
624. 


— The  Geological  Survey  Department  have  de- 
cided to  send  out  two  parties  to  the  Yukon  imme- 
diately, so  that  operations  in  the  field  may  be 
commenced  on  the  opening  of  spring.  One 
party  will  explore  the  headwaters  of  the  Stewart 
River  and  the  mountains,  the  second  will  explore 
both  slopes  of  the  Rockies  in  the  Yukon,  gradu- 
ally working  from  the  summit  to  the  Yukon 
River. 


Fetherstonhaugh  '&  Co. 

PATENT    BARRISTERS 
SOLICITORS  &  EXPERTS 

KRKD.  H.  FETHERSTONHAUGH      ClIARI.KS  W.  T.VYl.oK. 

M.K.  H.Sc.  - 

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SOLICITOR  IK  NOTARY  1THLIC  Patent  Office 

COTNSKI,  AND  KXPKKT         Graduate  in  Electrical  Kn- 
IN  I'ATKNT  CASKS  giuceriiiK,  Mcdill  t'niv. 

Canada  Life  Building     MONTREAL 

Toronto       Ottawa       New  YorK       Washington 


Windsor 


Ottawa,   Canada 

# 

The  Capital's  Popular  Hotel 

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AMERICAN  PLAN 

Ratei,  $2.00  and  $2.50  per  day 

With  Private  Bath.  $3.00 


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G.  A.  FORBES 

FINANCIER 

A  N  1  > 

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Company   Promoter   and   Org'aniser 

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OPTIONS 


American  and 
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For  3O,  6O  &  9O  Days 

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London  ®  Paris  Exchange,  Ltd. 

34  VICTORIA  STREET.  TORONTO 


Province  of  Quebec 


INDUSTRIAL  DAIRY  SCHOOL 

St.    HyacintHe 

under  the  control  of  the  Minister  of 
Agriculture. 

Free  Courses 

The  instruction  given  is  on  three  prin- 
cipal subjects  : 

1 .  On  the  best  methods  : 

For  the  production  of  milk  in  win- 
ter as  in  summer  ;  for  the  making 
of  butter  and  cheese ;  for  testing 
milk. 

2.  The  formation  of  inspectors  of  cream- 

eries and  cheese  factories  for  exist- 
ing and  future  syndicates. 

3.  The  experimental  study  of  new  sys- 

tems of  dairy  machinery  and  im- 
plements, and  of  any  new  process 
of  manufacture,  as  well  as  to  watch 
the  progress  made  in  the  dairy  in- 
dustry. 

Prizes  are  given  to  fanners,  amounting 
to  from  Jfioo  to  $200,  also  medals  and 
diplomas  to  makers  most  deserving,  who 
compete  in  the  butter  and  cheese  com- 

{>etitions  organized  several  times  a  year 
>y  the  Government  at  Montreal  and 
Quebec. 

Every  information  and  assistance  will 
be  given  on  application  to 

MR.  CASTEL,  Secretary, 

INDUSTRIAL  DAIRY   SCHOOL 

ST.   HYACINTHK 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


22 


RESOURCES 


The  latest  development  in  the 
growth  of  the 

KODAK 
IDEA 


THE    SCREEN    FOCUS 

KODAK 

An  instrument  which  combines  all  the 
advantages  of  the  Kodak  Film  System 
with  ground  glass  focusing.  Instantly 
convertible  into  a  compact  plate  camera 


A  camera  of  the  widest  scope. 
Mechanically    and    optically    perfect. 


PRICE. 
Screen  Focus  Kodak  (4x5) 


-    130.00 


CANADIAN  KODAK   CO.,  Limited 

Kodak  Catalogue  free  at  TORONTO,    CAN. 

the  dealers  or  by  mail. 


Canadian  Book  Reviews. 

T)ROBABLY  the  most  complex  character  in  recent 
-*-  fiction  is  Wolf  Larsen,  the  central  figure  in 
Jack  London's  latest  novel,  "  The  Sea  Wolf  "  (Mo- 
rang  &  Co. ,  Limited,  Toronto ),  at  one  moment  a 
veritable  fiend,  dealing  terror  and  death  to  all 
around  him,  the  next  a  simple  student  of  art  and 
letters,  pouring  forth  his  soul  in  an  intense  yearn- 
ing for  the  things  of  a  higher  life. 

It  is  not  a  pretty  story  by  any  means,  in  fact,  if 
depicted  by  a  pen  less  strong,  the  extreme  brutality 
and  savagery  would  soon  become  nauseating.  But 
there  is  a  subtle  power  in  Mr.  London's  style  of 


JACK    CONDON- 
AUTHOR    OF    "THE   SKA   \V<  >!,!•'.  " 


writing,  which  also  may  be  termed  magnetic,  so 
that  although  the  reader  lays  the  book  down  de- 
termined not  to  continue  reading  accounts  of  such 
revolting  barbarities,  he  picks  it  up  again  just  as 
quickly,  and  reads  on,  fascinated,  to  the  end.  The 
very  sound  and  smell  of  the  storm-lashed  waters  of 
the  Pacific  seem  borne  to  the  readers  senses,  so 
graphic  and  forceful  are  the  author's  descriptions. 
And  more  than  once  he  involuntarily  "  ducks," 
with  a  glance  over  his  shoulder,  to  escape  if  possi- 
ble "  a  huge  sea  ....  of  transparent,  rush- 
ing green,  backed  by  a  milky  smother  of  foam." 

Humphrey  Van  Weyden,  a  wealthy  author,  is 
knocked  overboard  by  the  sinking  of  a  'Frisco  ferry 
boat,  and  on  regaining  consciousness  finds  himself 


on  board  "  The  Ghost,"  a  sealing  schooner  bound 
for  the  Behring  fisheries.  The  master,  Wolf  Lar- 
sen,  puts  him  to  work  as  cook's  assistant,  washing 
dishes,  peeling  potatoes,  etc.  After  a  series  of  ad- 
ventures, including  a  mutiny  of  the  entire  crew, 
which  Larsen  puts  down  single-handed,  and  the 
capture  of  all  the  boats,  with  their  crews,  from  an- 
other sealer  owned  by  Wolf's  brother,  a  new  char- 
acter is  introduced  in  the  person  of  Maud  Brewster, 
an  authores,  who  is  picked  up  in  mid-ocean. 

With  her  Van  Weyden  escapes  in  a  small  boat, 
and  failing  to  reach  the  Japanese  coast,  they  are 
driven  ashore  on  a  deserted  island  in  the  Behring 
Sea,  where,  later,  "The  Ghost"  is  wrecked  with 
Larsen  alone  on  board.  The  story  of  their  life  on 
the  island,  their  escape,  and  the  terrible  ending  of 
Wolf's  life  form  the  concluding  chapters  of  a  de- 
cidedly unconventional  story. 


WE 

WANT 

PHOTOS 


= Photo 
Competition 


=D    (T 

'1  lie  result  of  the  fifth 
photographic  competi- 
tion is  as  follows  : 

First  Prize,    -    -  $12.50 

R.  B.  SPEER, 
DANVILLE,  QUEBEC 

Picture — 'The   Pinnacle,   near 
Daiti'illc,    Quebec.     Page   if. 

Second  Prize  -    -  $7.50 

JAS.  B.  KING, 
FAIRFAX,  MANITOBA 

/  Vc<v  of  Sonris,   Manitoba 
Page  ii. 

Third  Prize    -    -  $5.00 

KENNETH  CARRUTHERS, 

MONTREAL,  CANADA 

The  (treat  lloic  River,  Hriiish 

Columbia,    Page  20. 


The  winning  picture  and  the 
name  of  the  sender  will  be 
printed  in  the  first  number 
of  "  Resources  "  issued  after 
each  monthly  contest. 


'-I) 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES. 


RESOURCES 


Western  Canada's  Hospitals 

(Continued  front  Page  //.) 

accommodate  from  twelve  to  twenty  patients,  and  a  grant  of 
$3,000  from  the  Lady  Minto  fund  would  always  ensure  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  a  hospital  wherever  it  was  really  required. 
Further,  I  know  of  no  way  in  which  money  could  be  expended 
with  a  larger  return  in  the  shape  of  lives  saved  and  suffering  pre- 
vented, and  if  the  Lady  Minto  fund  could  be  the  means  of  found- 
ing, say,  ten  of  thesa  hospitals  within  the  next  two  or  three  years, 
it  would  earn  the  undying  gratitude  of  thousands  and  its  name 
be  forever  blessed." 

Since  these  words  were  written  there  has  been  a  considerable 
increase  in  the  hospital  accommodation  in  the  North- West  Ter- 
ritories, particularly  in  the  matter  of  isolated  wards  for  infectious 
diseases.  To-day  these  new  lands  are  almost  as  well  equipped  as 
are  Ontario  and  Quebec,  in  comparison  with  the  number  of  in- 
habitants, and  it  is  safe  to  predict  that  if  the  present  rate  of 
increase  is  continued,  Assiniboia,  Alberta  and  Saskatchewan 
will,  in  a  few  decades,  have  more  hospitals  in  proportion  to  their 
population  than  any  province  in  the  whole  Dominion. 


TWO    RODS   IN    I; 14    DAYS   CAUGHT    250   I.I1S.    TROUT,    ON    BRANCH    OK   Tl 
SO.UAMISH    RIVER,    HRITISH    COLUMBIA 


SHEDDEN  FORWARDING  CO. 


Established  I860 


—  LIMITED  — 

HUGH    PATON,   President 


Cartage  Agents  for 

Grand    Trunk    Railway 

System 

Grand  Trunk  Western 

Intercolonial  Railway 

&c.,  &c. 


Contractors 
Warehousemen 
General 

Forwarders  and 
Carriers 


Agencies  in  Canada 

Montreal,  St.  Hyacinthe, 
Cornwall,  Kingston,  To- 
ronto, Hamilton,  Gnelph, 
Brantford,  London, Wind- 
sor, Winnipeg 


Importers  and  Breeders  of     Thoroughbred 
Clydesdale  and  other  Horses    :     :     :     :     : 

Head  Office,  1812  Notre  Dame  St.,  Montreal,  P.Q 

Represented  in  the  United  States  by  The  Shedden  Cartage 
Company,  Limited,    with    Head    Office    at    Detroit,   Mid. 


'RESOURCES 

DEVELOPED  AND  UNDEVELOPED  OF 
BRITISH  NORTH  AMERICA 


Vol.  III. 


APRIL,  1OO5 


No.  4 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY 

SUBSCRIPTION 
United  States  and  Canada,  $1.00  a  year 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Five  Shillings 
The    British    Colonies    and   Dependencies   and    other 
countries  within  the  Postal  Union,  postage  pre- 
paid. $1.25  a  year  (Five  Shillings). 

ALL  SUBSCRIPTIONS  PAYABLE  IN  ADVANCE 


RKSOI'KCKS  Prni.isiiixc,  Co.,  LIMITKD, 

]!ji  HOARD  OK  TRADK   lU'II.DINC., 

MONTRKAI,,  yric 

EXGLISH  Of'l-'ICl'.,  .,  IIEXRIETTA  STREET, 

COl'ENT  GARDEX,  ST1;A.\D,  l.OXDOX,    W.C 


NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS 


SO  numerous,  and  of  so  varied  a  nature,  are  the  enquiries 
for  general  and  statistical  information  that  have  been 
received  at  the  offices  of  RESOURCES  since  the  appearance  ;>f 
the  initial  issue  in  June,  1903,  and  such  is  the  impossibility 
of  replying  to  our  correspondents  individually  and  at  length, 
that  it  has  been  decided  to  establish  a 

"  Resources  "  Bureau  of  Information 

for  the  benefit  of  our  subscribers  and  others. 

Upon  payment  to  us  of  a  merely  nominal  fee,  to  cover 
outlay,  we  shall  be  prepared  to  supply  subscribers  with 
printed  reports  of  the  various  department-s  of  the  Federal  and 
the  Provincial  Governments,  including  reports  and  maps  of 
the  Geological  Survey,  information  respecting  railways,  land 
companies,  mining  and  lumbering,  and  other  interests  of 
the  country  in  general. 

Address  all  communications  to  RESOURCES  Bureau  of 
information. 

B  31  BOARD  OK  TRADE  BUILDING 

MONTREAL,  QUE. 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


RESOURCES 


FIRE 
LIFE 
MARINE 

LxiKis  Stewart  O,  Co. 

INSURANCE 

FIRE 
LIFE 
MARINE 

General  Agents  Maryland  Casualty 
Special  Agents  Liverpool  &  London                            ,„      ,          ,_...,. 
^r          Co.  (Employers    Liability  and 
&  Globe  Insurance  Co.                                            Steam  Boiler) 

16  St.  Sacrament  Street               MONTREAL,  Que. 

tSHawinig'an  Falls 


Province    of  Quebec 


Canada 


1VTO  OTHER  POINT 
in  Canada  offers  as 
many  advantages  for  the 
establishment  of 

Manufacturing 
Plants 

Power  in  form  of  electric- 
al current  can  be  delivered 
in  units  to  suit  consumers. 
Water  power  at  prices 
lower  than  obtainable 
elsewhere. 

Electro  Chemical 
Industries 

may  obtain  special  advan- 
tages. 


Splendid  Mill  Sites 

Good  Transportation  Facilities 


The  Shawinigan  Water  ®  Power  Company 


Montreal- 


-C  a  r»  a  d  a 


Newfoundland 


and  its  caribou  have  become  topics  of  increasing 
interest  to  American  sportsmen  of  late  years,  and 
with  good  cause.  The  journey  can  be  made  en- 
tirely by  rail,  with  the  exception  of  the  short  run 
from  North  Sydney  to  Port-aux- Basques,  with  unusual  comfort ;  and  when  you  have  left  the  train  you  are  on  the  trail,  for 
in  this  caribou  country  something  may  happen  the  next  minute. 

In  Newfoundland  it  may  be  fairly  said  that  success  depends  only  on  "  the  man  behind  the  gun." 
Every  assistance  in  procuring  guides  and  obtaining  information  given  on  application  to  the  General  Passenger  Agent 
of  the  Reid  Newfoundland  Company,  St.  John's. 

More  Sportsmen  visited  Newfoundland  and  with  greater  success  in  1904  than  any  previous  year. 
Write  for  folders,  maps  and  full  particulars  for   1905  to  H.   A.    MORINE,    General    Passenger  Agent, 

Newfoundland   Railway,  St.  John's,  Nfld. 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


RESOURCES 


Follow  the  Trail 

Lewis  and  Clark  Blazed 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  parallels  it  West  to  the  Portland,  Ore.,  Expo- 
sition, June  1-Oct.  15,  19O5.  A  graphic  picture  of  -what  the  "West  has 
done,  prepared  in  celebration  of  the  exploits  of  the  brave  explorers  of 
years  ago. 

Visit  the  Exposition.    Sojourn  en  route  in  the  Yellowstone 
National  ParK,  at  the  finest  hotels    in  the   "West.      See    the 
Grand  Canyon,   hot   springs,  g'eysers,  weird  natural  phe- 
nomena.    Only  a  short  journey  to  scenic  AlasKa. 
An  exhibition   of  absorbing'   interest   and    novelty — an   in- 
terval   of    rare    pleasure    in    America's    "  AVonderland  " 
mag'nificent  mountain  scenery — emerald  laKes  and  streams 
— virg'in  forests — bracing'    air    and    sunshine — every    com- 
fort and  convenience.      Travel   on  the 

"NORTH  COAST   LIMITED" 

CracK  Train  of  the  Northwest 

Northern  Pacific  Railway 


Bookleti  Four  cents  for  "  Lewis  and  Clark  '  A,'  " 
six  cents  for  "Wonderland,"  to  A.M.  Cleland,  G.P.A., 
St.  Paul,  Minn.  Information  and  Rates-  Geo.  Hardisty, 
D.P.A.,  Temple  Bide,  St.  James  St.,  Montreal. 


Entrance  to  Yellowstone  ParK 


DOMINION    LINE 

STEAMSHIPS 
PORTLAND,     Me.,    TO    LIVERPOOL 

CALLING  AT  HALIFAX  WESTBOUND 


WINTER  SERVICE 


Proposed  Passenger  Sailings 


Portland,  Naine,  to   Liverpool 
calling  at  Halifax  westbound 

SEASON    1004-05 


From  CTWAWJ.-R  From 

Liverpool  1KAMHK        portiall(i 


Tim.  Feb.    9    DOMINION  -  -    Sat  .Feb.  25 

Mar.  )H 

April  i 
"  8 
"  >5 

"    22 


Mar.    2    CANADA  -  - 

SotTTIIWAKK 

DOMINION  - 
I    KENSINGTON- 
VANCOUVER  - 
CANADA  -  -  - 


9 
16 


Aprils 


Weekly  sailings  from  Liverpool 
to  Montreal  will  be  resumed  about 
middle  of  April.  s.s.  "  VANCOUVER  " 

FOR  RATES  OF  PASSAGE  AND  OTHER  INFORMATION  APPLY  TO 


Land  to  Land  in 
4  days  13  hours 


(K.i'lmcl  J'IOHI  Montreal  (/'<i~c//V, 
.-I UK  1.1,  i9<>j.) 

There  is  no  stauncher  or  hand- 
somer ocean  steamship  crossing  the 
Atlantic  than  the  Steamship  "CAN- 
ADA "  of  the  Dominion  Line,  built 
by  the  celebrated  shipbuilders, 
Messrs.  Harland  &  Wolfe,  Belfast, 
which  arrived  yesterday  afternoon 
at  1. 10  o'clock,  after  making  the 
second  fastest  passage  ever  made 
from  Inishowen  Head  to  Father 
Point  in  6  days,  5  hours,  31  min- 
utes; or  4  days  and  13  hours  from 
Inishowen  Head  to  Belle  Isle. 

The  "CANADA"  is  the  fastest 
steamer  coming  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence, and  already  holds  the  record 
of  5  days,  23  hours,  48  minutes  be- 
tween Moville  and  Father  Point. 


DOMINION  LINE,  St.  Sacrament  Street,  MONTREAL,  Que. 


In  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


IX5NDON.  ENG.,  CORRESPONDENTS 

Messrs.  J.  S.  Morgan  &  Co., 
London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Limited, 

Princess  Street 
Union  Discount  Co.  of  London,  Ltd. 


We  solicit 
your  Banking 
Business 


HEAD  OFFICE,  -   -  TORONTO 


CHIEF  EXECUTIVE  OFFICE,   MONTREAL 

DUNCAN  M.   STEWART, 

General  A/anae-cr. 


Authorized  Capital $2,000,000 

Paid-up  Capital -.-, . . .... .     1,300,000 

Reserve  Fund  and  Undivided 

Profits 420,000 

Total  Assets 10,000,000 


43 

Branches 
in  Canada 


MAIN  OFFICE  IN  MONTREAL:  202  ST.  JAMES  ST. 

W.   GRAHAM  BROWNE, 

Manager. 


SADLER  ®HAWORTH 

Tanners  and  Manufacturers  of 

Oak 

Leather 

Belting' 

and  Lace  Leather 


Dealers  in 


General  Mill  Supplies 


i 

•  ,  • 


.    .. 

.  Montreal 


Toronto 


Has  had  over  229  years 
experience  in  providing 
for  hunters. 


The  Hudson's  Bay 
Company 


Incorporated  A.D.  1670 


Everything  necessary  can 
be  supplied.  Circular  Let- 
ters of  Credit  issued  on  all 
the  Company's  Inland 
Posts.  Further  particulars 
on  application  to 

Hudson's  Bay  Co.'y 

WINNIPF,G,  MAN. 


When  writing  advertisers  please  mention  RESOURCES 


Presswork  by  Modern  Printing  Co.