The North American Pyrenomycetes. A contribution to mycologic botany

xf

w

THE

NORTH AMEftlOAN

f YEEKOMYGETES

A CONTRIBUTION TO

MYCOLOGIC BOTANY

1!)

aing

to***—

J. B. ELLIS

AND

\

B. M. EVERHART.

WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS

BY

F. W. ANDERS

PUBLISHED BY ELLIS & E

NKWFIKLD, NEW JERSEl
1892.

Copyright Dec. S, 1S90,
By J. B. Ellis & B. M. Everhart.

SEEN BY

PRESERVATION

SERVICES

DATE.X.\.

PRESS OF
WILLIAM H. CLOYD,

VIXELAND, N. J.

PREFACE.

the present state of mycologicaJ knowledge, the classification
and description of the species of North American Pyrenomyce
attended with many difficulties; chief among which is the fact that
many of the published diagnoses are too imperfect to enable one to'
recognize the species, of which many of the types are either lost or
practically inaccessible. An examination of the Schweinitzian Herba-
rium, at the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, reveals the
fact that about two hundred of the most valuable species described in
Schweinitz' Synopsis of North American Fungi are not represented in
the Herbarium at all, and that many of the specimens still remaining
are too meager or too imperfect to be of much service. Coming to the

, species described by Berkeley & Curtis, the case is no better, but, w-
far as specimens are concerned, even worse, the types being entirely
beyond the reach of the ordinary student. Our knowledge of these
species is derived from the brief descriptions in Grevillea and tl it-
supplementary notes by Dr. M. C. Cooke, who has also examined and
determined, by comparison with the original types, many of the sp
included in the present work. We are also indebted to Drs. Rehm,
Winter, and Saccardo for the identification of many doubtful species:
* but above all to the many collectors who have furnished abundant
material from all parts of the country, thus making it possible to give

I an approximately complete synopsis of the North American speci
this extensive Order. The names of these contributors appear in con-
nection with the species they have furnished. The name of Ra
is attached to most of the species collected by him and described by
Berkeley & Curtis in Grevillea; and Schweinitz or "Sch\\\" to bis
species published in the Synopsis of North American Fungi.

II

The system of classification adopted (as stated elsewhere) is mainly
that of Dr. Winter in Rabenhorsfs Eryptogamen Flora (quoted
mostly in this vol. ;is "Die Pflze"). The system differs from that of
Saccardb in the Sylloge, mainly in the differenl grouping of the genera,
m this respect standing intermediate between the Saccardian Bystem
and that adopted by Cooke in his -Synopsis Pyrenomycetum."

As a guide to the correct pronunciation, the long sound of the
accented vowel in generic and Bpecific names, is indicated by the grave
accent ( r ) and the short sound by the acute ( /).

The name of the author first publishing any species has beet
retained, placed in parenthesis in case the species has been removed
from the genus in which it was first placed. ' The name after the
parenthesis has been omitted as too cumbersome and unnecessary.
The piratical practice of omitting the first name and substituting the
second in its place can not be too strongly condemned.

In the case of old and well known species we have adopted the
published diagnoses supplemented with notes, in cases where our
observations do not entirely agree with the published characters.

The measurements (in centimeters, cm., millimeters, mm., and
inicromillimeters, /*,) have all been made with the same optical com-
bination and with the same micrometrical scale. They agree gener-
ally with those given by Saccardo, Karsten, and Winter, but are
mostly less than those given by Cooke, so that it seems probable that
the scale we have used differs somewhat from his. In the measure-
mentsof asci, the length of the spore-bearing part (p. sp.) has, in most
cases, been given.

The illustrations by our much lamented friend, F. W. Anderson,
do credit to his artistic talent, but cause us to regret that a career of
such brilliant promise should end so soon. The figures were made
from actual specimens carefully examined and accurately drawn, to
show the more salient characters of the genera.

The fungi of Greenland, enumerated by Professor Rostrup (see
page 32) have been included, as it is probable that most of the species
found in that great continental island, will also be met with in the

Ill

northern part of British America and Alaska, and in the elevated
regions along the Rocky Mountain chain further South.

The Erysipheas in this Vol. (pp. 2-30) have been elaborated and
prepared by Professor T. J. Burrill, of the University of Illinois, who
wishes here to express his thanks for contributions of much service
mostly specimens, to the following named gentlemen, viz.: F. W.
Anderson, J. C. Arthur, Geo. F. Atkinson, W. J. Beal, H. W. Bare-
ness, W. A. Kellerman, T. H. McBride, L. IT. Pannnel, C. H. Peck,
S. M. Tracy, Wm. Trelease, A. B. Seymour, and Geo. P. Clinton.

We regard it as extremely fortunate that Prof. B. was willing to
undertake the editing of the Erysiphew, as his previous studi<
this difficult Family have made him specially competent to do the
work thoroughly.

The index of genera and species at the end of the volume is the
work of our friend W. C. Stevenson, Jr., to whom we are already
indebted for the indices of species and their habitats in the "North
American Fungi."

0(k

PYRENOMYCETES.

This order includes those fungi in which the hymenium is inclosed
in a subglobose envelope or shell (perithecium), which either remains
closed or, more generally, is pierced above with a small, round opening
(ostiolum) v hich is often more or less prolonged, so as to form a short
tube or bea v.

From tie lower part, and often from the sides of the inner surface
of the perithecium, spring numerous transparent, membranaceous sacs
(asci) containing minute, globose, oblong, cylindrical or thread-like
bodies (sporidia).

Between the asci arise usually, slender, filiform bodies (paraph-
yses) whose office is not well understood. They have been supposed
to be abortive asci.

The perithecia are either developed directly from the mycelium,
separate and distinct from each other (simple), or are more or less im-
bedded in a carnose, coriaceous or carbonaceous substance called the
stroma (compound). The stroma assumes various forms, effused, pul-
vinate, tubercular or vertically elongated, cylindrical or dendroid.

Often the stroma consists of the slightly altered substance of the
wood or bark.

The surface of the stroma before the development of the peri-
thecia is often clothed with a hyphomycetous growth, producing aerial
spores (conidia). Also, accompanying or preceding the ascigerous
perithecia, are others (spermogonia or pycnidia) producing in their
hymenial cavities spores (sporules) borne on pedicels and not in asci.

The conidia, spermogonia and pycnidia are supposed to be gener-
ically connected with the ascigerous perithecia, but this matter is not
yet well understood.

Dr. Winter, whose systematic arrangement we have mostly
adopted, divides the Pyrenomycetes into the following suborders.

1. PERISPORIACEJ]. Perithecia with the ostiolum obscure or
wanting, coriaceous or brittle-carbonaceous, opening irregularly, gen-
erally without any stroma, but mostly seated on a well developed,
superficial mycelium.

2. HYPOCREACEiE. Perithecia with an ostiolum, and with the
stroma (when present) carnose or membranaceo-carnose, and bright
colored (yellow, red, &c).

1

\

3. SPH/ERIACE/E. Perithelia mostly with a distinct ostiolum,
of various consistence, bnt do! carnose or membranaceo-carnose, brown
or Mack. Stroma, when present, not carnose, dark colored outside,

and often white within.

4. DOTHIDEACEJl. Stroma always present, not fleshy, black,
or dark-colored. Perithecia mostly reduced to mere cells in the
Stroma, and not separable from it. Ostiolum always present.

PER1SP0RIACEJ].

This suborder is divided into two families. The Erysiphece and
Perispoi'iece.

FAMILY. ERYsiPHEJ], Lev.

Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV. \

On living plants. Mycelium superficial, consisting of numerous
branching, septate, usually white, much interwoven threads, which ex-
tend widely over the epidermis of the host, adhering to it by means of
haustoria. Conidia simple, colorless, cylindrical, oval or ovate, borne
one above the other, on erect, simple, septate, colorless hyphas. Peri-
thecia seated singly on the mycelium, membranaceous, indehiscent,
globose or sometimes depressed, at first colorless, then yellow, becom-
ing dark brown or black when mature, bearing various thread-like,
radiating appendages. Asci arising from the base of the perithecium,
delicate, thin-walled, colorless, oblong, oval, ovate or suborbicularr
usually pedicellate, containing 2-8 sporidia, which are simple, color-
less, granular, oblong or oval.

The Erysiphece, commonly known as "white mildews" or
•' blights," may be easily recognized by the white, dusty or web-like
coating they form on the leaves, or other succulent parts of many com-
mon plants. They frequently grow throughout the summer, but
usually only reach their full development in the fall, when the peri-
thecia, or little fruit-balls, may be seen by good unaided eyes, scattered
over the whitened surface of the leaves. 1

The very abundant mycelium consists of numerous slender, white*
or colorless, septate threads that branch widely, and extend over the
leaf in every direction, frequently crossing and interlacing. These
threads are usually pressed close to the host, but they do not them-
selves enter it. They send out at intervals, however, short, special
branches called haustoria, that penetrate the epidermal cells, serving
for the secure attachment of the fungus, and probably also for its

nourishment;, These haustoria present several forms, and they are of
some importance in the classification of the species. In some cases the
haustorium simply consists of a slender tube which penetrates the epi-
dermal cell of the host, within which it swells to an oval or club-shaped
sac, filled with granular protoplasm. More often there is an external
appendage or sucker, that is pressed close to the surface of the epider-
mal cell, and f$pm this, or from near it on the mycelial thread, the
haustorium proper takes its rise and penetrates the epidermis. This
external appendage may be smooth and entire, merely constituting a
hemispherical swelling on the mycelial thread, or, it may take the
form of a flattened disk with an indented margin. In the latter case
it is said to be " lobed," in the former, " not lobed."

The conidia, or asexual reproductive bodies, are cylindrical, oval
or nearly orbicular, simple, colorless cells filled with protoplasm.
They are formed by constriction at the ends of short, simple, erect,
rather stout, septate, colorless branches of the mycelium, called fertile
hyphae or conidiophores. A septum forms near the end of the young
hypha, and the walls at this point become constricted. The cell thus
cut off usually swells a little, and at length falls away as a mature
conidium. Before this happens, however, other constrictions have
taken place below, thus forming a chain of nearly mature conidia
adhering end to end. Under favorable conditions they germinate
quickly, sending out a slender tube, which, on the proper host, soon
develops into a new mycelium. They are produced in immense num-
bers throughout the growing season, and, as they are very light and
easily carried by the wind, they serve for the rapid increase and wide
distribution of the parasite.

The perithecium remains on the fallen leaves over winter. It is
not provided with a mouth or ostiolum of any kind. The contained
asci and sporidia only escape on its decay in the spring.

Delicate membranaceous conceptacles, other than the perithecia,
are sometimes found in connection with the mycelium of the E\
j)hece. They are thin-walled, and, on slight pressure, rupture irregu-
larly, emitting immense numbers of minute, oblong, nucleated spores,
immersed in a gelatinous fluid. They were noticed by Cesati. in con-
nection with the grape mildew. Supposing them to be independent
organisms, he named them Ampelomyces quuqwdis, and specimens
were published under that name as No. 1669 in Rabenhor&t'a Herba-
rium Mycologicum. Later they were called Cicinobolus flormdiwu
by Ehrenberg, and Byssocysti* ttofitUis by Riess. Tulasne. Mold.

mikI others, finding that them conceptacles wrere borne on the same

eliwn as the conidia and perithecia, naturally concluded thai fchej

;nis of the Bame plant, and, from their analogy to certain

na] reproductive bodies in allied groups of the Ascomycetes, called

them pycnidia, and the minute l>odies they contain, stylospores or

pycnidiospores. This is still the accepted belief of many botanists.

De Barj (Morph.und Phys. der Pilze, III, pp. 53-75, Tafeln VI, VII),

shows that tin1 pycnidia instead of being reproductive organs of the

Erymphet are, in reality, the fructification of a fungus that is parasitic

on the Ert/sipfie. llr calls it Cicinobolus Cesatii, and gives numerous

figures Bhowing its delicate, septate mycelium, developing within the

mycelial threads of the Erysiphe, and sending up branches which, by

repeated division, form the cellular wall of the pycnidium.

There is much confusion in regard to the nomenclature of this
group. The earlier authors, with poor magnifiers or none at all, made
meager descriptions of their supposed species, for which reason it is
often impossible to determine from their writings what they had in
hand. Host plants are not so much of a guide here as in most cases
for parasites, though many specific names have been proposed, it seems
solely upon the observed habitat of the fungus. In what follows, an
earnest endeavor has been made to identify and describe true species
wherever they grow. The Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory
of Natural History, Volume II, Article VI, Parasitic Fungi of
Illinois, part II, by T. J. Burrill and F. S. Earle, has been made the
!>asis of this work. This bulletin was founded upon collections made
in Illinois, mostly by A. B. Seymour who also made studies upon the

ies.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Appendages to the perithecia simple, and similar

to the threads of the mycelium. 2,

Appendages various, readily distinguished from the

mycelium. 3.

Only one ascus in a perithecium. - - Sphcerotheca.
ral asci in each perithecium. - - - Erysiphe.

Appendages branched at their tips. 4,

Appendages not branched. - - - . 5.

Only one ascus in a perithecium. - - Podosphcera.

Several asci in each perithecium. - - Microsphcera.

Appendages swollen at base, tips straight. Phyllactinia.

?>.

•).

SPH^ROTHECA, Lev.

Ann. Sci. Nat. Series III, Tome XV, p. 138.

Perithecia containing only one ascus. Appendages simple threads
not unlike the mycelium with which they are frequently interwoven.
Ascus suborbicular, usually containing eight sporidia. Very rarely
two asci have been observed.

S. pruinosa, C. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. in Journ. Bot. 1872.

Hypogenous. Mycelium thin, effuse, persistent. Perithecia scat-
tered, 80-100 [i ; cell-reticulations small, appendages few, simple, rigid,
even, hyaline, 3-4 times the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus ovate.
Sporidia 8, 20-25 ju long. '

On Rhus typhina, R. glabra and R. copallina. From New
York to Missouri, and no doubt more widely distributed ; not very
common. (The perithecia appear to develop earlier and better on the
galls of a Phytoptus affecting these host-plants).

S. Hiimuli, (DC.)

Erysiphe Humuli, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 106.

Sphczrotheca Castagnei, I,ev. in part, Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 139.

SphcErotheca Hamuli, Burrill, Parasitic Fungi of Illinois, II, p. 400.

Mostly hypophyllous. Mycelium inconspicuous or evanescent.
Perithecia scattered, abundant, mostly rather small, 75-95 /i, wall-
texture firm and compact, though thin, surface smooth, reticulations
small, often obscure, usually less than 15 p.) appendages slender, three
or more times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, usually col-
ored throughout when mature, mostly free from the mycelium. Ascus
broadly elliptical or suborbicular. Sporidia usually 8, large, averag-
ing 20 p. long.

On Viola canina var. sylvestris, Geranium maculatum. G.
Richardsoni, G. incisum, Spiraea, Physocarpus opulifolia, Rubus
odoratus, R. triflorus, R. strigosus, R. hispidus, Geum album, G.
Virginianum, G. macrophyllum,, Fragaria, Potentilla palustris,
P. anserina, Poterium, Agrimonia Eupatoria, Gilia gracilis, G.
linearis, Humulus lupulus.

This species probably occurs on many other hosts, especially upon
other Rosacea?, upon which the fungus has usually been identified as
S. Castagnei.

Common throughout North America east of the Rocky Mountains.
In California Dr. Harkness reports S. Castagnei on hop leaves. This
is no doubt what is here called S. Humuli.

It is exceedingly difficult to determine from literature upon what
hosts S. Humuli occurs, because it is very rarely separated from

6

S. Castaynei in published lists. Tin- first named hosts are those upon
which the parasite has been considered distinct by Earle and the
writer; the others arc given upon the authority of the authors quoted.

The distinction between the two species in question is, however,
apparently real in the fact that the characteristically large, irregular

cells of the wall of the perithelium of S. Casfagnei are not found in
those called S. Ilumuli, and the sporidia of the latter constantly
average larger than those of the former. The difference also in the
appendages seems to indicate specific distinction. Tulasne's figure
(Select Fung. Carp. I, tab. IV, fig. 9) clearly shows these peculiarities
of S. Ilumuli, the name then used for the fungus. The much more
abundant mycelium of S. pannosa, and the smaller appendages suffi-
ciently separate that from S. Ilumuli, though the affinities appear to
be quite as close here as between the latter and S. Castagnei, with
which only our plant has been confounded.

This is a very destructive parasite, especially on cultivated hops,
in the Old as well as in the New World. On raspberries it also does con-
siderable damage, though in many cases only the conidia are produced.

On Geranium maculatum the cells of the wall of the perithecium
vary much, even in the same mount under the microscope, but the spo-
ridia and other characteristics are those of S. Ilumuli.

S. pannosa, (Wallr.)

Alphitomorpha pannosa, Wallr. Verhand. d. Naturf. Freunde, I, p. 43.
Erysibe pannosa, L,k. Species Plant. VI, I, p. 104.
Eurotium Rosarum, Grev. Seott. Crypt. Fl. Ill, p. 164, fig. 2.
Sphcerotheca pannosa, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 138.

Mycelium abundant on the leaves, stems, etc., often sterile. Peri-
thecia more often occurring on the branches, scattered, delicate, 90-
100 p., reticulations evident, small, 10-15 /*; appendages short and
delicate, much interwoven with the mycelium, sometimes colored.
Ascus large, delicate, ovate, expanding, when free from the perithecium.
to a length greater than its diameter. Sporidia 8, large, 29 fx long.

On Rosa blanda, R. Arhansana, R. lucida, R. humilis, R.
parmflora. Rather common from New England to California (Hark-
ness), and Texas (Jennings).

Winter (Die Pilze, II, p. 26) and Saccardo (Syll. Fung. I, p. 2)
describe this species with hyaline appendages; but Tulasne (Select-
Fung. Carp. I, p. 208) describes them as colored. They frequently
are colored in our specimens. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze,
II, p. 48) says "colorless or brown at base."

S. Mali, (Duby).

Erysiphe Mali, Duby Bot. Gall. p. 869.

Sphcerotheca leucotricha, E. & E. Jour. Myc. IV, p. 58.

Sphcerotheca Mali, Burrill, (this publication).

Amphigenous. Mycelium white, submembranaceous, persistent

Perithecia few or numerous, immersed in the mycelium, small 75-85 //,
globose or subpyriform; appendages of two kinds, in part rudimentary,
floccose, deeply colored, attached in a broad tuft to the smaller end
of the pyriform perithecium, the others strongly developed, rigid,
straight or curved, continuous or septate, simple or rarely forked at
the extremity, deeply colored at base, becoming pale outwardly,
attached in a loose cluster opposite the rudimentary ones, 2-5 times
the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus oval to subglobosc Sporidia
8, 20-30 fi long.

On upper parts of the twigs of Pyrus Mains, especially in nurs-
eries of young trees, and upon the suckers from old ones. Not appar-
ently very frequent but exceedingly abundant at times, Mississippi
Valley, and probably eastward.

This exceedingly interesting species has not been well separated
from Podosphcera Oxyacanthce which occurs on the same host and to
casual observation has much the same appearance. In our species tin*
tips of the large appendages are occasionally forked (once or even
slightly twice), which -again may have been confusing. But these
vague, stiff branches are totally unlike the dichotomous divisions of
Podosphcera, and otherwise the species are very distinct. The tuft
of short, interwoven, rudimentary appendages, like a dense cluster of
short roots, is a very characteristic mark.

There is still some doubt as to the name. Evidently Brysiphe
Mali, Moug. usually given as a variety of Erysiphe adunca, (Fv'w<
Syst. Myc. Ill, p. 245, Wallr. Flora Germ. IV, p. 755, &c) is a
different thing, but Duby's description (Botanicon Gallicuni I. p. 869)
so far as it goes, is sufficiently correct for our species. Erysiphe
Mali, Duby, in Roumeguere's Fungi Gallici Exsiccati is a Space-
rotheca, and seems to be the same as our plant, though the specimen
examined was insufficient for satisfactory comparison. It is moreover
scarcely possible that this host should have a solely American parasite
of this kind upon it, hence the preference given in the nomenclature.

S. morsiiva, (Schw.)

Erysiphe mors-uvce, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2494.
Sphcerotheca mors-uvce, B. & C. Grevillea IV, p. 158.

Mycelium abundant, at first white, becoming dark brown, densely
covering the leaves, stems and fruit. Perithecia most abundant on
the stems and fruit, densely aggregated, imbedded in the thick, felted
mycelium, variable in size, 19-120 ju, dark brown, reticulation-
obscure; appendages short, delicate, hyaline or slightly oolored,
interwoven with and overrun by the dense mycelium. Ascus broadly
elliptical, 8-spored, both ascus and sporidia sinallci than in 8. pa*
nosa.

On Ribes Cynosbati, R. gracile, R. rotundifolium, R. divari*
catum var. irriguum, R.floridum, R. uva-crispa, R. cereum.

From the eastern seaboard to Nebraska (Webber), and Montana
(Anderson). In Berkeley's Notices of N. A. Fungi (Grevillea IV,
p. 158) it is said to occur uon grapes.77 From what we now know of
the limitation of the species, this is probably incorrect.

This is the common " gooseberry mildew.77 It has been referred
to S. pannosa, but it is sufficiently distinguished by its dense, dark-
colored mycelium, which is strikingly unlike that of most of the
Erysiphem.

S. EpiloWi, (Link.)

Ery.sibe Epilobii, Link. Species Plantarutn VI, p. 102.

Podosphczra {Sphcsrotheca) Epilobii, De Bary Beitrage Zur Morph. und Phys. d,
Pilze. Ill, p. 48.

Amphigenous. Mycelium dense or arachnoid. Perithecia densely
aggregated, small 70-80 p, cell-walls thin with evident reticulations;
appendages not numerous, very distinct, deeply colored, septate,
simple, slender, 6-11 times the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus
oval, wall medium. Sporidia usually 8, 15-21 p. long.

On Epilobium alpinum and E. coloratum, White Mts. (Farlow)?
Wisconsin (Davis). Conidiiferous specimens, probably of this species,
have been collected in Illinois. Apparently rare.

S. Castagnei, Lev.

Synon.: Compare De Candolle Flore Franc. VI, pp. 106-108.
Wallr. Flora Germanica pp. 753-76. Rabenhorst DeutschL Krypt.
Flora I, p. 230 et seq. It seems impossible to separate this species
from others in the numerous descriptions by these and other authors.
The name, as given above, is found in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome
XV, p. 139. Erysipke Gerardice Schw. N. Am. Fungi p. 269, and
Erysiphefuscata, B. & C. Grev. IY, p. 159 belong to this species.

Mycelium abundant and persistent or sometimes inconspicuous,
occurring on either or both sides of the leaves, Perithecia abundant,
scattered or somewhat aggregated, small, usually about 75 p, but-
varying from 60-100 p. Texture soft, surface uneven, reticulations
very large and irregular, 20-30 p\ appendages long, stout, usually
colored throughout, but sometimes colorless, flexuous, somewhat uneven
in width, more or less interwoven with the mycelium. Ascus rather
small, elliptical or suborbicular. Sporidia usually 8, small, about
15 p long.

On Vernonia JYoveboracensis, Erigeron Canadensis, Coreop-
sis aurea, C. aristosa, Bidens frondosa, B. eonnata, B. cernua

B. chrysanthemoides, B. bipinnata, Cacalia reniformis, C. tuberosity
Erechtites hieracifolia, Hieracium, Prenanthes altissima, Lactuca,
Taraxacum officinale, Phlox divarieata, Hydrophyllum Virginia
cum. Veronica Virginica, Gerardia grandiflora, Brunella vulgaris,
Pedicularis lanceolata, Shepherdia argentea.

Very abundant and widely distributed over the continent, on
many widely different hosts. It is, however, variable, and it is quite
possible that some forms should be separated as specifically distinct.
This is very difficult to do on account of the intermediate forms in
perhaps every particular. For the differences between this and
S. Humuli, see note appended to the latter. Most specimens on
Posacem are easily determined as S. Humuli, while in some others
this distinction is not so evident. The size of the perithecia varies
much on different hosts,— larger than the average on Erechtites
and some other Composite^, smaller on Veronica. The appendages
vary much in color; sometimes they are nearly or quite hyaline, even
when certainly mature, but more often are tinged, sometimes deeply,
throughout their entire length, with brown.

[In figure 3, plate 1, the germinal tube of a conidium is incor-
rectly represented as penetrating a stoma, instead of creeping over
the surface of the leaf.]

S. phytoptophila, Kell. & Swingle, Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 93.

Amphigenous. Mycelium sparse. Conidia about 15 x 27 /i.
Perithecia globular, dark colored, with obscure reticulations, and with
wall rather fragile, 60-85 /a diam ; appendages few, hyaline or more
often fuliginous, irregular, interwoven, sometimes septate, mostly
longer than the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus large, broadly
oval. Sporidia 8, 18-35 /j. long. . .

On Celtis occidentalis affected by a Phytoptus forming bushy-
branched tufts of twigs. The fungus grows upon these distorted
branchlets and apparently not elsewhere on the tree, Kansas (Keller-
man and Swingle), and Illinois. Doubtless widely distributed, but
not yet reported elsewhere.

S. lanestris, Hark. Trans. California Acad, of Sci. 1884, p. 20.

Hypophyllous. Mycelium abundant, firm, felt-like, becoming
dull chocolate-brown. Conidia very firm, barrel-shaped, bulging
much in the middle. Perithecia variable, about 100 p., wall lined
with a distinct, separable layer of hyaline cells; appendages none.
Ascus elliptical, thick-walled except at summit. Sporidia 8, oval or
subglobose, about 20-24 p long.
2

\

10

On Que re u 8 ngrifolia, California (Harkness).

A very distinct and characteristic species. The filaments of
the mycelium are exceedingly robust, forming a dense, coherent
stratum. The perithecia are imbedded in this wooly mass, but when
carefully separated appear to be absolutely without appendages.
The thick threads of the mycelium do not adhere to the perithecia
when thus transferred to a microscopic slide.

ERYSIPHE, (Hedw.)

Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV.

Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages simple, threads
similar to and frequently interwoven with the mycelium.

E. Liriodendri, Schw. Syn. N. Am. p. 209.

On leaves and succulent stems. Mycelium abundant, dense,
white, persistent. Perithecia developing late, mostly after the leaves
have fallen, rather large, 100 p or more, delicate, thin-walled, im-
bedded in and partially covered by the dense mycelium, reticulations
small and indistinct; appendages several, hyaline, rather long, much
interwoven with the mycelium. Asci several, eight or more. Sporidia
6-8, small.

On Liriodendron tulipifera, New York (Peck) to Illinois and
probably westward. The species is not uncommon on the host named,
though it appears to be slow in fruiting. May be identified by its
abundant, white mycelium, especially on the young stems.

E. communis, (Wallr.)

Alphitomorpha communis, horridula, Wallr. in part, Verhandl. Naturf. Freund. I.

Erysibe communis, nitida, Rabh. Deutschl. Krypt. Flora.

Erysibe communis, L,k. in part.

Erysiphe Aquilegice ', DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 105.

Erysiphe Pisi, DC. 1. c. II, p. 274.

Erysiphe Convolvuli, DC. 1. c. II, p. 274.

Erysiphe Polygoni, DC 1. c. II, p. 273.

Erysiphe communis, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 406.

Erysiphe communis, Martii, Lev. in part, Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV.

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent or sometimes
evanescent. Perithecia variable in size and reticulations ; appendages
variable in length, often long, lying on the mycelium or more or less
interwoven with it, usually colored in part or throughout, but occasion-
ally all hyaline, sometimes branched. Asci 4-8, or more. Sporidia
mostly 4-8, variable in size.

Very common from ocean to ocean on a very large number of
host plants, among which are the following ; Clematis Virginiana,
C. ligusticifolia. Anemone Virginiana, Anemonella thalictroides,

11

Thalictrum polygarnum, T. purpurascens, Ranunculus Cymbalaria,
R. abortivus, R. sceleratus, R. septentrionalis, R. macranthus, R.
acris, Aquilegia Canadensis, Delphinium elatum, Geranium, macu-
httum, G. Richardsoni, Baptisia tinctorial.' Thermopsis montana,
Lupinus parmfiorus, L. perennis, Trifolium longipes, T. involu-
cratum, T. monanthum, Psoralea floribunda, Astragalus caryo-
<'<D'})us1 A. Canadensis, A. multiflorus, A. decumbens, A. junceus,
A. triphyllus, Oxytropis Lamberti, Lathy rus polymorphus, L.
venosus, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus perennis, P. helvolus, Amphi-
carpcea monoica, Desmanthus brachylobus, Amelanchier alnifolia,
Oenothera biennis, (E. sinuata, (E. albicaulis.

The form on Clematis is referred by authors to E. tortilis,
(Wallr.), or as often written, E. tortilis, Link. It seems a mistake to
separate it from the other forms occurring on Ranunculacece, some
of which have equally long appendages; especially as on Clematis,
these are radiant and more or less interwoven with the mycelium, as
is usual in E. communis, while in European specimens of E. tortilis
on Cornus (Rabh. Fungi Europ. No. 2033, J. Kunze, Fungi Selecti
Exsicc. No. 577, etc.), the appendages are fasciculate and assurgent.
(See also Tulasne, Sel. Fung. Carp. I, pp. 213-216).

The forms on Leguminosce, etc., are often referred to E. Martii,
Lev. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, III, p. 40) and Tulasne
(1. c. p. 215) agree in considering this a synonym of E. communis.
Winter, however, (Die Pilze, II, p. 31) retains E. Martii and refers
to it all forms having hyaline appendages; but he says that he cannot
decide whether this character is always constant and sufficient for their
separation. Careful examination and comparison of the herbarium
specimens specially mentioned by Winter, show that this character is
not constant, for some of those given by him under E. Martii have
distinctly colored appendages, while in some of those given under
E. communis they are very slightly, if at all, colored. In fact the
coloring of the appendages seems to depend to a considerable extent
on the age and vigor of the specimen, being light colored or hyaline in
the young, and often quite dark in fully matured, vigorous specimens.
A portion, at least, of the appendages often remains hyaline of those
on Leguminosce, while in the case of those on Ranunculacece, they
are usually all quite dark.

E. tortilis, (Wallr.)

Alphitomorpha tortilis, Wallr. Verhandl Nat. Freunde, I, p. 31.
Erysibe tortilis, l,ink, Sp. Plant. VI, part I, p. 3.
Erysiphe Corni, Duby Botan. Gall. II, p. 870.
Erysiphe tortilis, Fries Syst. Myc. Ill, p. 243.

Hypophyllous. Mycelium arachnoid, effuse, evanescent. Peri-
thecia scattered, 80-100 fi ; appendages not numerous, about 8-15,
dark colored, flexuous, very long, 10-14 times the diameter of the

12

perithelium, usually fasciculate by irregularly bending near the base,
and clustered towards one side, very distinct from the mycelium. Asci
3-5 pedicellate. Sporidia 4-6, 22-30 // long.

On Cornus sanguinea, Missouri (Tracy and Galloway).

This is here included solely upon the authority given, and appar-
ently upon one collection. In Europe the fungus is common on the
same host, and as this is abundant in cultivation with us, it is alto-
gether probable that this parasite may be frequently found. It is very
distinct from those forms of E. communis with long appendages, as on
Clematis. These latter have indeed been referred to E. tortilis,
evidently by mistake.

E. Ciclioracearum. DC. Flore Franc. II, p. 274.

Alphitomorpha communis var. depressa, horridula, Wallr. Verhandl. Naturf.

Freunde, IV.
Alphitomorpha lamprocarpa, Schl. Verhandl. Naturf. Freunde, VII, p. 49.
Erysibe communis, lamprocarpa, depressa, horridula, I,k. and Rabh.
Erysiphe horridula, Montagnei, lamprocarpa, I,ev., in part

Erysiphe Ambrosics, Verbence, Phlogis, Asterum, Schweinitz, Syn. N. Am. p. 270.
Erysiphe Linkii, L,ev. Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 161.
Erysiphe spa dicea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 159.

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, haustoiia rounded,
not lobed. Perithecia variable ; appendages numerous, mostly short,
1-2 times the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline or mostly colored,
much bent and interwoven with the mycelium. Asci variable, mostly
numerous, 4 or 5 to 20. Sporidia large, quite uniformly 2, but occa-
sionally varying to 3, or even 4 (on Bigelovia 5 or 6).

On Napcea dioica, Vernonia Noveboracensis, V. fasciculata,
V. Baldwinii, Stevia, Eupatorium purpureum, E. perfoliatum,
Gutierrezia Euthamice, Grindelia squarrosa, Chrysopsis villosa7
Bigelovia Douglasii, B. graveolens var. albicaulis, Solidago Mis-
souriensis, S. serotina, S. Canadensis, S. nana, S. rigida, S. occi-
dentalis, Aster conspicuus, A. corymbosus, A. macrophyllus, A.
oblongifolius, A. cordifolius, A. sagittifolius, A. Drummondii, A.
Imvis, A. ericoides, A. multiflorus, A. viminosus var. foliolosus, A.
salicifolius, A. difusus, A. commutatus, A. junceus, A. longifolius,
A. foliaceus var. Eatoni, A. umbellatus, A. adscendens, A. ca-
nescens, Erigeron Canadensis, E. divaricatus, E. strigosus, E.
macranthus, E. glabellus, E. corymbosus, E. armcrimfolius,
Inula Helenium, Silphium terebinthinaceUm, Iva frutescens, 1.
xanthiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, A. arteniisicefolia, A. psilostachya,
Xanthium strumarium, X. Canadense, Eudbeckia occidentalis,
Helianthus annuus, H. rigidus, H. grosse-serratus, H. Californicus,

13

H. dorpnicoides, IT. strvmosus, H. decapetatus, IT. tuberosus, Heli-
anthella Parryi, Verbesina encelioides, Actinomeris squarrosa,
Helenium autumnale, Gaillardia aristata, Dysodia chrysanthe-
moides, Artemisia dracunculoides, A. biennis, A. Ludoviciana, A.
discolor, Cnicus undidatus, C. undulatus var. canescens, C. altissi-
mus, C. altissimus var. discolor, Hieracium Canadense, Prenanthes
alba. Lactuca pulchella, Asclepias variegata, Hydrophyllum Vir-
ginicum, H. Canadense, Phacelia circinata, P. Menziesii, Phlox
paniculata, P. Drummondii, Cynoglossum, E 'chinospermum Vir-
(j'nticum, E. Pedowskii, Mertensia Sibirica, Lithospermum arvense,
Mimulus luteus, Tecoma radicans, Verbena officinalis, V. urticce-
folia, V. angustifolia, V. hastata, V. stricta, V. bracteosa, Plantago
major, Galium Aparine, Hamulus Lupidus, Pilea pumila, Parie-
taria debilis, P. Pennsylvania.

This exceedingly common species is abundant in all sections of
our country, and is found upon an extraordinary number of widely
distinct host-species, as the preceding list shows, though this is un-
doubtedly incomplete. Various names have been given to somewhat
different forms included herein, but after a careful examination of a
large amount of material from widely separated regions, it seems im-
possible to admit specific distinctions among even the most divergent
forms. Unusual variations seem to occur in the Rocky Mountain
regions, as Anderson and Kelsey have noticed in Montana. For
instance, a form on Bigelovia graveolens has 20-30 asci, many of
which have 3-5, and perhaps more, sporidia, and the appendages are
short and almost hyaline. Taken by itself, it could hardly be admitted
as belonging to the present species. Ellis & Everhart (Botanical
Gazette, XIV, p. 286), provisionally propose the name E. sepulta for
it. But on Bigelovia Douglasii, growing with the preceding, the
fungus is in all characteristics the same, except that the sporidia are
uniformly 2, in the specimens examined, and so reported by others.
The asci are often as many as 30 in both cases, — a number much
greater than commonly given for typical E. Gichoracearmn. On
other host-species the number of asci is exceedingly variable, mostly
only 4-8, but in some collections east of the Mississippi river, reaching
20, with apparently no way of distinguishing different species among
the variable forms. Those on Bigelovia are indeed further aberrant,
but it does not seem wise to separate one or both as specifically dis-
tinct, either from each other or from those with which they are un-
doubtedly allied on the host-plants enumerated above.

E. Galeopsidis, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 108.

Erysiphe lamprocarpa, I,ev. in part.

Erysiphe Labiatarum, Chev. Flora Paris, III, p. 380-

Erysiphe Chelones, Schw. Syn. N. Am. p. 270.

14

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, haustoria of tlie
mycelial threads lobed. Perithecia somewhat aggregated, appendages
numerous, short, flexuous, colored, interwoven with the mycelium.
Asei numerous, often 12 or more. Sporidia 2, mostly formed late.

On Teucrium Canadense, Mentha, Scutellaria lateriflora, S.
aspera, Galeopsis Tetrahit, Chelone glabra.

Widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains and in Montana
(Anderson), but not often distinguished from E. Cichoracearum in
published lists. It can scarcely be separated from the latter by the
characters of the perithecia, but the difference in the haustoria, first
pointed out by De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, III, p. 49), can
be observed by first soaking a portion of the leaf in caustic potash and
then removing a little of the mycelium to the slide. The perithecia
and appendages are often rather lighter colored than is usual in E.
Ciehoracearum,.

E. aggregata, (Peck).

Erysiphella aggregata. Peck 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist. p. 63.
Erysiphe aggregata, Farlow, Bull. Bussey Inst. II, (1878), p. 227.

Mycelium dense, felt-like, white, but becoming yellowish, Peri-
thecia very numerous, closely crowded, opake, thick-walled, with
rather small cells, 140-180 jjl] appendages very numerous, inter-
woven, hyaline or nearly so, rather slender. Asci numerous, 10-50,
oblong-ovate or sometimes narrower, thick-walled. Sporidia crowded
in the ascus, oval, mostly 15-20 /x long.

On the fertile aments of Alnus serrulata and of A. incana, in
autumn and spring.

Reported from Massachusetts (Farlow), New York (Peck), New
Jersey and Pennsylvania (Ellis); said to be common in these localities.
The genus Erysiphella was proposed for this when it was supposed
there were no appendages.

E. trina, Hark. Trans. Cal. Acad, of Sci. 1884, p. 41.

Epiphyllous. Mycelium covering orbicular spots, pruinose, fuga-
cious. Perithecia clustered, minute, yellowish-brown, 56-70 lz; append-
ages none. Asci 3, nearly globular, 31-38 /i. Sporidia 2, oblong-
elliptical, or somewhat boat-shaped, very large, sometimes filling the
ascus, 18-20x28-32 tx.

On Quercus agrifolia, California (Harkness). Inserted from
paper by Dr. Harkness, read before the California Academy of Sci-
ences, February 4, 1884.

No specimens examined. In the original, Erysiphella is given
as an alternate genus.

15

E. graminis, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 106.

Amphigenous, often epiphyllous. Mycelium dense, felt-like, per-
sistent, white or gray, sometimes tinted brown. Perithecia immersed
in the mycelium, few and scattered or many and crowded, depressed,
large, about 225 p (150-255 ju); appendages numerous, rather short,
simple or occasionally branched, rigid, but variously curved and inter-
woven with the mycelium, hyaline or tinted. Asci 16-25, oblong to
oval, pedicellate. Sporidia 8, or rarely 4, maturing late, often only on
old plants in the spring.

On Beckmanma erucceformis, Panicum sanguinale, Agrostis
exarata, Poa tenuifolia, P. jiratensis, Glyceria nervata, G. aquatica,
Bromus unioloides, Hordeumjubatum, JElymus condensatus, Trit-
icum vulgare.

Common, Massachusetts to California, mostly observed in the
conidial state (Oidium monilioides. Link) in shady places. Perithecia
usually forming only late in summer or autumn, and sporidia much
later. In Montana, however, the former have been collected in July,
and ripe sporidia. found in November, or even earlier (Anderson). In
California it has been destructive to wheat (Harkness). Anderson
says there are sometimes as many as 20 sporidia in an ascus, — a vari-
ation not reported elsewhere.

UNCINULA. Lev.

Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV.

Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages free from the
mycelium, recurved or coiled at the tip.

U. Clintonii, Peck, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p. 216, 25th Rep.
N. Y. State Mus. p. 106.

Amphigenous. Mycelium thin, rather persistent. Perithecia scat-
tered, 90-120 ju} firm, nearly black; appendages 15-30, 1-1 J times
diameter of perithecium in length, hyaline or nearly so, uncinate-
coiled at the tip. Asci 4-6, oval, very short-beaked. Sporidia 4-8.
mostly 18-21 /i long, completely filling the ascus.

On Tilia Americana, not very common. Apparently often
escaping observation. Reported from New York (Peck), Wisconsin
(Davis), Iowa (Pammel), and Illinois.

U. necator, (Schw.)

Erysiphe necator, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2495.

Uncinula spiralis, Berk. Crypt. Bot. p. 268, fig. 64.

Uncinula Ampelopsidis, Peck, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p. 216.

Uncinula Americana, Howe, Erysiph. U. S. Journ. Bot. 1872,

Uncinula subfusca, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 160.

Uncinula necator, Burrill (this publication).

16

Amphigenous or frequently epiphyllous. Perithecia 85-120 /i,
dark brown, opake, reticulations small, rather obscure; appendages
from 10 or 12 to 20 or more, varying in length from once and a half
to four or more times the diameter of the perithecium, colored for more
than half their length, frequently septate, occasionally forked, tips
loosely and somewhat spirally coiled. Asci ovate, pedicellate. Spo-
ridia 4-6.

Very rare on vines of cultivated varieties of Vitis labrusca in
native [American] vineyards. Mycelium very thin, whitish, with very
slender flocci, orbicular, not close pressed. Perithecia very minute,
scattered, brownish-black, globose. When abundant, this species also
destroys the fruit. — Schw. 1. c.

On Vitis aestivalis, V. cinerea, V. labrusca, V. riparia and V.
vinifera, Ampelopsis cuspidata and A. quinquefolia.

This is a very common species, widely distributed throughout the
country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. It is the powdery
mildew of cultivated grape vines, and there is good reason to suppose
that the so-called Oidium Tuckeri of European vineyards is the same
thing, without, however, the development of the perithecia. The
conidia found with the perithecia in America are indistinguishable
from those on European vines in their native regions, and these same
European vines grown in this country have both conidia and peri-
thecia altogether similar to those on American grapes. If it is true
that the European conidia-bearing parasite is really the present species,
the non-development of the perithecia in the Old World is a curious
biological phenomenon, though similar peculiarities exist in regard to
other species of fungi in contrasted regions in our country.

The plant varies considerably,. but nearly or quite as much on
leaves of Vitis as upon this on the one hand, and Ampelopsis species
on the other. The name most commonly adopted is U. spiralis, Berk.,
from the named figure, without description, in Berkeley's Introduction
to Cryptogamic Botany, but subsequently described in Grevillea.
Prior to the latter, Peck described U. Ampelopsidis, hence this name
has been used in some cases for the specimens on both Vitis and Am-
pelopsis since these fungi have been recognized as the same species.
But there is no reasonable doubt that Schweinitz had before him
specimens of this same species, and if so, his neglected name must be
accepted. It should be remembered that he worked before the era
of the compound microscope, and his description is necessarily meager,
but it is correct as far as it goes.

U. flexuosa, Peck, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p. 215.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia large (1 10-125 //), dark, opake, reticu-
lations obscure; appendages numerous, 40 or more, about equaling the

17

diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, minutely roughened, thickened
and irregularly flexuous toward the tip. Asci about 10, ovate or pyri-
fbrm, strongly pedicellate. Sporidia 3, small, 15-20 /* long.

On ^Esculus glabra, ^.flava, and jE. Hippocastanum. Ap-
parently not common, but reported from New York (Peck), Illinois
(Earle), Missouri (Demetrio).

The species is easily determined by the abrupt, wavy crooks in
the outer half of the appendages.

U. circinata, €. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. in Journ. Bot. 1872.

Hypophyllous or sometimes amphigenous. Perithecia very large,
depressed, 150-225 a in greatest diameter, texture soft, reticulations
very small and irregular ; appendages very numerous, slender, simple,
about equal to the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, smooth, tips
not swollen, ascending from the upper half of the perithecium. Asci
numerous, 14 or more, long and slender, oblong or narrowly ovate,
pedicellate, about 30 x T[5 p. Sporidia 8, small, about 10 x 15 ju.

On Acer Pennsylvanicum, A. spicatum, A. saccharinum, A,
dasycarpum, A. rubrum*

Not rare throughout the country east of the Rocky Mountains,
though not reported in the extreme northwest.

This is readily distinguished from U. Aceris, (DC.) by its simple
appendages and more numerous, very narrow asci. In some specimens
the mycelium is inconspicuous, but in specimens from Massachusetts
(Seymour) it is more abundant. The leaves affected by it can often
be distinguished at a distance, as the areas covered by it remain green
after the rest of the leaf has assumed its autumnal tint.

U. Aceris, (DC.)

Erysiphe Aceris, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 104.
Alphitomorpha bicornis, Wallr. Verhandl. I, p. 38.
Uncinula bicornis, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 153.
Uncinula Aceris, Sace. Syll. I, p. 8.

Amphigenous. Mycelium variable, sometimes in conspicuous,
dense patches, sometimes spreading over one or both surfaces of the
entire leaf. Perithecia scattered, large, 150-200 //; appendages very
numerous, short, less than diameter of perithecium, once or more rarely
twice forked mostly beyond the middle, the elongated tips somewhat
tapering and strongly recurved or spirally wound. Asci 8-12, some-
what pear-shaped. Sporidia 8, about 14 x 30 p..

On maple leaves, California (Harkness). This exceedingly inter-
esting and characteristic species is inserted as American upon the
authority of Harkness and Moore (Pacific Coast Fungi, p. 32) where
it is named U. bicornis, Lev.
3

IS

The appendages are so unique and the forks so conspicuous that
it seems impossible a mistake should be made in identification. In
sonic instances, when the division is near the end, an approach to
Microsphoera is apparent, but the characteristic curve or coil of the
tips leaves no room to doubt the proper generic position.

U. macrospora, Peck, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p 215. — 25th Rep.
N. Y. State Mus. p. 96.

Amphigenous. Mycelium conspicuous, abundant. Perithecia
large, 110-165 /i, wall tissue soft, reticulations very small, usually
5-10 p., and rather obscure; appendages very numerous, 50 or more,
hyaline, slender, smooth, usually shorter than the diameter of the peri-
thecium, tips closely coiled, not enlarged. Asci several, 8-10. Spo-
ridia 2, large, 20 x 30-35 p.

On Ulmus fulva, U. Americana, U. alata, Ostrya Virginica.

Rather common east of the Rocky Mountains. On the last
named host (collected by Tracy in Wisconsin) the fungus is undoubt-
edly the same as that much more commonly found on elms.

It differs sufficiently from European specimens of U. Bwonm,
Lev. on Ulmus campestris (Thiim. Mycoth. Univer. No. 755). In
these latter the perithecia are smaller (80-90 p), and the reticulations
are much larger (10-15 p), and more distinct. The fewer (less than
20) appendages are stouter, somewhat roughened and conspicuously
swollen at their tips. The usually four asci each contain two sporidia
about 30 p long but narrower than in U. macrospora.

JJ. intermedia, B. & C. appears from description to be the same
as U. macrospora.

U. parvula, C. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. Journ. Bot. 1872.

Amphigenous. Perithecia usually small, 90-100 p., rarely 135 p,
delicate, reticulations distinct, small and regular, averaging about 10 //;
appendages 60-100, delicate, slender, hyaline, commonly shorter than
the diameter of the perithecium. Asci 5-7, broadly elliptical. Spo-
ridia 5-8, mostly 6, about 20-25 p long.

On Celtis occidentalis. From the Atlantic coast to Washington
(Seymour). Not apparently abundant, but often collected from widely
separated localities.

Distinct from U. polychceta, B. & C, on same host. Washington
(State) specimens have perithecia of larger size than usual, attaining
rather more than 125 p, while 100 p seems to be about the extreme
for eastern specimens.

U. polychita, (B. & C.)

Erysiphe polychczta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 159.
Uncinula Lynchii, Speg. Fung. Arg. II, p. 17.
Pleocfuzta Cnrtisii, Sacc. & Speg. Fung. Arg. II, p. 44.
Uncinula polychceta, Rav. F. Car. IV, No. 68.

19

Hypophyllous. Mycelium usually deuse, forming irregular,
whitish spots or patches. Perithecia scattered, flattened or depressed
above, large, 225-280 // ; appendages very numerous, 250-300 or
more, about half as long as the diameter of the perithecium, at first
clavate, then attenuate and once coiled at the apex, hyaline. Asci
numerous, 50 or more, about 27 x 80 p.. Sporidia 2, or rarely more,
large, about 17 x 27 /i, nearly filling the ascus.

On Celtis occidentalism Carolina (Ravenel), Mississippi (Tracy),
South America (Spegazzini). Apparently not abundant.

U. confiisa, Massee, Grew XVII, p. 78.

Uncinula polychtzta, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 159 (No. 993).
Pleochcsta Curtisii, Sacc. and Speg. 1. c.

Hypophyllous. Mycelium very scanty, not forming spots. Peri-
thecia scattered, usually not more than 2-3 on a leaf, 150-200 i±\
appendages 25-28, simple, colorless, very slender, about 300x2-3 /*;
apices strongly involute, not at all thickened. Asci about 25, cylin-
dric-clavate, 4-spored. Sporidia colorless, simple, elliptical, oblong,
20x10 /jl.

On leaves of Celtis occidentalis, Carolina.

U. geniculata, Gerard, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IV, p. 48.

Epiphyllous. Mycelium thin, in definite spots or overspreading
the leaf. Perithecia scattered, usually few, 90-120 //; appendages
15-30, hyaline, somewhat roughened, often geniculate, about once
to twice the diameter of the perithecium in length, about 1| times
spirally coiled at the apex. Asci 6-8. Sporidia 4-6, about 14-20 ti
long.

On Moras rubra, rare or missed by collectors. New York,
Illinois (Pain mel ).

U. Salicis, (DC.) (Plate 2)

Erysiphe Salicis, DC. Flore Franc. II, p. 273.

Erysiphe Populi, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 104.

Alphitomorpha adunca, guttata, Wallr. Verh. Naturf. Freunde, I, pp. 37, 42.

Erysibe adunca, obtusata, kk. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 117.

Erysiphe adunca, Grev. Scott. Crypt. Flora, V, tab. 296.

Uncinula adunca, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV.

Uncinula leuculenta, Howe, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, quoted in Amer. Nat. VII.

p. 58.
Uncinula heliciformis , Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 4.
Uncinula Salicis, DC. Winter, Die Pilze, II, p. 40.

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent. Perithecia usually
large, 100-160 /i, wall tissue soft elastic, reticulations rather small
and indistinct ; appendages variable in number, usually very numerous,
hyaline, not much swollen at the tip, once to twice as long as the

20

diameter of the peritlieciura. Asci from 4 or 5 to 12 or more, ovate.
Sporidia usually 4 or 5, sometimes 6-8.

On Salix nigra, S. nigra var. falcata, S. aniygdaloides, S.
longifolia, S. rostrata, S.flavescens, S. discolor, S. humilis, S. petio^
laris, S. cordata, S. glauca, Populus tremuloides, P. angulata, P.
grandidentata, P. heterophylla, P. balsamifera var. candicans,
P. monilifera.

PHYLLACTINIA, Le>. (Plate 3)

Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV, p. 144.

Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages free from the
mycelium, acicular, acute at the tip, abruptly swollen at base.

P. suffiilta, (Reb.)

Sclerotium suffultum, Reb. Flor. Neom. p. 360.

Erysiphe Coryli, Fraxini, DC. Flore Franc. II, p. 273.

Erysiphe vagans, Bivon. Stirp. rar. Sicil, III, p. 197.

Alphitomorpha guttata, Wallr. Verh. Naturf. Freunde, I, p. 42,

Erysibe guttata, I,k. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 116.

Erysibe guttata, Fr. Syst. Mycol. Ill, p. 245.

Phyllactinia Candollei, I,ev. Grev. IV, p. 158.

Phyllactinia guttata, I^ev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV.

Phyllactinia suffulta, Sacc. Michelia II, p. 50.

Mostly hypophyllous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, or scant
and evanescent. Perithecia very large, 150-275 p., wall tissue soft,
cellular structure, and reticulations obscure ; appendages few, usually
8-12, easily detached, hyaline, varying in length from less than, to
three or four times the diameter of the perithecium. Asci 4 or 5 to 20
or more, ovate, pedicellate. Sporidia normally 2, occasionally 3 or 4y
variable in size, mostly large.

On Magnolia acuminata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Herberts,
Xanihoxylum Americanum, Ilex decidua, Celastrus scandens, Acer
saccharinum, Desmodium Canadense, Cratcegus coccinea, C. tomen-
tosa, C. punctata, C. crus-galli, Heuchera parvifolia, Pibes Cynos-
bati, Hamamelis Virginiana, Fraxinus Americana, F. pubesce?is,

F. viridis, F. sambucifolia, Asclepias Cornuti, Catalpa speciosa,

G. bignonioides, Cornus florida, C. circinata, C. stolonifera, C.
sericea, C. paniculata, Ulmus Americana, U. alata, Betula papy-
nfera, B. nigra, B. occidentalis, Alnus serrulata, A. incana, Cory-
lus Americana, Ostrya Virginica, Carpinus Caroliniana, Quercus
macrocarpa, Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Q. coccinea var. tinctoria, Q.
falcata, Castanea sativa var. Americana, Fagus ferruginea, Typha
latifolia.

This everywhere common species presents many variations in the

21

size of the perithecia, the length of the appendages, the number and
size of the asci, and the size of the sporidia ; but none of these forms
seem constant enough to justify their separation. On Liriodendron
the mycelium is usually inconspicuous, the appendages but little longer
than the diameter of the perithecium, and the few (8-10) asci are
large and broadly ovate.^ On Ulmus the mycelium is abundant and
persistent, the perithecia and appendages medium, and the very
numerous (20-30) asci are small and narrow. On Quercus the peri-
thecia are very large, and the 10-15 asci and the sporidia are much
larger than on Ulmus. On Corylus the perithecia are small, but the
appendages are very long. It is remarkable for the exceedingly great
diversity of the host species which it affects. Scarcely a deciduous
leafed tree seems to be proof against it. The most peculiar thing in
this connection is its appearance on Typha latifolia (Anderson. Journ.
Mycol. V, p. 193).

In a large number of instances the perithecia have a dense layer
of short, branched, fine, hyaline, radiating hyphae, totally distinct from
the conspicuously bulbous appendages. There are projections from
the wall of the perithecium, issuing from the lower side and forming a
.cushion-like mass.

P0D0SPHJ]RA, Kunze.

Mycol. Hefte II, p. in.

Perithecium containing a single ascus. Appendages free from the
mycelium, dichotomously branched at the end.

P. Oxyacanthae, (DC.) (Plate 4)

Erysiphe Oxyacanthce, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 106.

AlphitomoYpha clandestina, Wallr. Flora Crypt. Germ. Ill, p. 753.

Erysibe clandestina, Lk. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 103.

Podosphcera Kunzei, clandestina, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV, p. 19.

Podosphcera minor, Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 3.

Microsphcera fulvo-fulcra, Cke. Grev. VI, p. no.

Podosphcera Oxyacanthce, DBy. Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, III, p. 480.

Amphigenous. Mycelium variable, often abundant, persistent.
Perithecia 65-110 //, dark, opake, reticulations regular, about 10-15 /i,
evident when young, scarcely observable when old, except by the un-
even surface ; appendages 8-20, dark brown for more than half their
length, frequently septate, 1-4 times as long as the diameter of the
perithecium, 3-5 times dichotomously forked, branches short, often
swollen, tips, recurved. Ascus broadly elliptical or orbicular, about
50 x 60 jul, thick walled. Sporidia usually 8.

On Prunus domestica, P. Americana, P. Cerasus, P. pumila,
P. Virginiana, P. demissa, Spircea salicifolia, S. tomentosa, S.
Douglasii var. dumosa, Pyrus Malus, Crataegus Oxyacantha, C.
coccinea, C. tomentosa, C. punctata, C. crus-galli, Amelanchier
Canadensis, Diospyros Virginiana.

22

In Europe three species are described as follows:

P. OxyacantJim, (DC.) DBy. — Appendages 8 or more, about eq
to the diameter of the perithecium, standing erect on its upper surface.
On Crataegus, Sorbus and Mespilus.

P. tridactyla, (Wallr.) DBy. — Appendages 3-7, standing erect in
a parallel bundle on the summit of the perithecium. On Prunus sps.

P. murtillina, (Schubert) Kunze. — Appendages 6-10, arising
from the upper surface of the perithecium, but radiating divergentl}*
or reflexed. On Vaccinium.

European specimens on the above hosts show these distinguishing
characters sufficiently well, but American specimens on Prunus can-
not be separated from those on Cratcegus, etc. There appear to be
none on Vaccinium, Whatever may be done with European forms,
the American ones must be considered one species.

P. biuncinata, C. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. Journ. Bot. 1872.
Pk. 25th Rep. p. 94.

Amphigenous. Mycelium thin, arachnoid, rather persistent.
Perithecia small, 70-90 p, scattered; appendages 6-12, 3-5 times as
long as the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, with a conspicuous,
widely spreading fork at the apex, each branch of which is sometimes
divided. Ascus globose. Sporidia mostly 18-21 /i long.

On Hamamelis Virginiana, Massachusetts (Seymour), New York
(Peck), Illinois (Waite).

An easily recognized species, by the unique character of the tips
of the appendages, which approach, though they are easily different
from those of Uncinula Aceris. The mycelium shows much more on
the upper surface of the leaves, but is also common below.

MICROSPILERA, Lev.

Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV, p. 381.

Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages free from the
mycelium, more or less dichotomously branched at the end.

M. Menispermi, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 3.

Epiphyllous. Mycelium rather abundant, thin and widely effused,
but thickened in certain circular spots, of which there are usually not
more than three or four on a leaf. Perithecia aggregated upon the
special denser spots of the mycelium, otherwise remotely scattered,
black, very variable in size, 60-115 p. diam ; appendages not numer-
ous, 8-15, rather rigid, tinted at base, exceedingly variable in length
and amount of branching, 1-7 times diameter of perithecium in length
and 1-7 times dichotomously branched, the branches of the first

23

order short or often much elongated, the others usually short and
compact, tips strongly recurved, very ornate. Asci 1-6 or more, vari-
able in shape and size. Sporidia 4-6.

On Menispermum, Canadense. Not frequent. New York to
Iowa (Holway).

Remarkable for the variation in structure and size. In some
perithecia only one ascus is found, while in others in the same micro-
scopical preparation at least seven have been seen. The appendages
on a single perithecium are somewhat equal in length but are often
exceedingly variable in the division of the tips. Sometimes there is
only a single fork with two equal, straight, obtuse branches and
again the exceedingly ornamental tip fills the field of the microscope
with its complex scroll-work.

M. Russellii, Clinton, 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 80.

Amphigenous. Mycelium inconspicuous. Perithecia small, 75-
100 [i, delicate, reticulations regular, distinct, about 10 p.] append-
ages 8-18, many times longer than the diameter of the perithecium,
colored for half or two thirds of their length, occasionally septate,
simple, bifid, or two or three times irregularly branched, branches
long, often distorted, tips not swollen or recurved. Asci 4-8. Spo-
ridia usually 4, small.

On Oxalis violacea, and 0. corniculata var. striata. Not uncom-
mon east of the Mississippi ; not reported westward. A well charac-
terized species.

M. Ravenelii, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 160.

Amphigenous. Mycelium usually abundant, persistent. Perithe-
cia abundant, usually large, 100-130 /u, reticulations small and irreg-
ular, about 10 /i- appendages 10-20, somewhat roughened, usually
hyaline, occasionally colored for a distance, the color ending at an
abrupt line like a septum, once or twice as long as the diameter of the
perithecium, 5-7 times dichotomous, branches short, forming a more or
less compact head, tips usually acute and recurved. Asci 6-10, fre-
quently 8, ovate, pedicellate, about 45 x 60 ju. Sporidia 4-6 (Saccardo
says 8).

On Astragalus adsurgens, Lathyrus 2'>cdustris, Gleditsch ia trich
canthos, Vicia Americana, V. Americana var. linearis.

Rather common and very widely distributed. It is reported
more often from the valley of the Mississippi and westward to Montana
and Texas.

24

M. diffusa, C. & P. Erysiphei of U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872, 25th
Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 95.

Usually epiphyllous. Perithecia scattered, 90-120 ft, dark,
opake, reticulations rather obscure, 10-15 ft, appendages 15-25, hya-
line, or slightly tinted at the base, 2-4 or more times as long as the
diameter of the perithecium, 1 to 4 or 5 times irregularly or dichoto-
mously branched, branches long and diffusely spreading, not at all
swollen or recurved. Asci 4-7, ovate, pedicellate, rather small, 30-
35 x 60-65 ft. Sporidia 4-8, mostly 4-5.

On Desm odium canescens, D. cuspidatum, D . paniculatum, D .
Canadense, I). sessilifolium, Lespedeza, violacea, L. kirta, L. capi-
tata, Lathyrus ochroleucus, Vicia, and Phaseolus perennis.

Reported from the eastern seacoast to Minnesota (Seymour) and
Missouri (Tracy and Galloway). It is abundant and frequent, and
though variable is well characterized by the elongated branches of the
appendages.

M. Grossul arise, (Wallr.)

Alphitomorpha penicillata var. Grossularice, Wallr. Verh. Naturf. Freundel, p. 40,
Microsphcera Grossularice, Ivev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, T. XV, p. 160.
Microsphcera Van-Bruntiana, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VI, p. 31.

Amphigenous. Mycelium thin or rather dense, white, persistent.
Perithecia scattered, 75-1 20 ft, reticulations about 15 fi) appendages
10-20, once to twice as long as the diameter of the perithecium, hya-
line or tinted at the base, very conspicuously 4-6 times dichotomously
forked, with straight, obtuse digitate branchlets. Asci 3-5. Sporidia
4-6, variable, 15-30 ft long.

On JRibes rotundifolium, R.floridum and R. nigrum, Sambucus
Canadensis and S. racemosa.

Not very uncommon from the Atlantic to Montana (Anderson).
The branched tips of the appendages are very characteristic, though
the branchlets vary considerably in length.

M. Symphoricarpi, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. V, p. 3.

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent. Perithecia small,
80-100 /i, delicate, reticulations large, regular, 15-20 /i; appendages
8-16, hyaline or slightly colored at base, 2-4 times as long as the
diameter of the perithecium, 4-5 times dichotomous. branches short,
compact, tips truncate, somewhat swollen, not recurved. Asci 4-10,
small, 50 ft long. Sporidia 4-6, small and narrow, 10-18 p..

On Symphoricarpus vulgaris, S. occidentalis and S. racemosus.
Common across the continent.

Much like some forms of M. Vaccinii, but the mycelium is more

25
abundant and the reticulations are larger and more evident.
M. semitosa, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 160.

Epiphyllous. Mycelium persistent. Perithecia few, somewhat
aggregated, 90-100 p., delicate, reticulations regular and distinct,
about 10 fi; appendages 12 or more, about equal to the diameter of
the perithecium, colored throughout, paler toward the tip, or the color
stopping at a distinct line like a septum, 3 or 4 times dichotomously
branched, primary branches long, others short, tips obtuse, not re-
curved. Asci several. Sporidia small, 10 x 15 p..

On Gephalanthus occidentals, rare, Carolina (Curtis) ? Illinois
(Waite, Pammel).

In the specimens examined, the number of asci varied from four
to six, and the sporidia in each seemed to be about six, but were poorly
developed This fact is evidently characteristic of the species, though
in some other species the sporidia mature quite as tardily.

M. Vaccinii, (Schw.)

Erysiphe Vaccinii, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 2491.

Microsphere/. Vaccinii, C. & P. Krysiphei of the U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872.

Amphigenous. Mycelium thin and delicate, often evanescent, or
sometimes abundant, persistent. Perithecia variable, often small.
80-90 //, or large, 110-120 f±, fragile; appendages 6-20, hyaline,
smooth, slightly colored at base, 2 or 3 to as many as 6 times the
diameter of the perithecium, branching various, usually 3 or 4 times
forked, with the tips truncate or bifid, not recurved, occasionally more
ornate, with tip distinctly recurved. Asci 4-8, small and broad,
about 40 x 55 //. Sporidia 4-6, small.

On Gaylussacia resinosa, VacciniumPennsylvanicum., V. C ana-
dense, V. vacillans, V. corymbosum, Andromeda, and Epigma repent.
Evidently not often collected. Massachusetts (Seymour) to Illinois :
New Jersey (Arthur).

This is a variable species, not only in the character of the myce-
lium, but in the length and branching of the appendages. In most
cases the tips are swollen and not at all recurved. It has sometimes
been referred to Erysiphe because the appendages were not found to
be forked, but careful search has revealed some forked tips in all the
specimens at hand, including those named Erysiphe by others. More-
over, in all cases the appendages are stiff and somewhat straight, not
having the floccose character of typical Erysiphe species. Peck re-
ports that he has never seen what has been called Erysiphe Vaccinii
Schw., on Epigcea repens in fruit in New York, but a specimen col-
4

26

lected in that State showed us perithecia with dichotomously forked
appendages. As so many specimens on Vaccinium all prove to be true
Microsphcera, that collected by Schweinitz in Pennsylvania evidently
was the same thing, hence the synonymy as given above. Micro-
sphcera Vaccinii is described as a new species in the XXIII Rep.
N. Y. State Mus. p. 65, but though the MS. was completed in 1870,
it was not printed until after the publication by Cooke & Peck in
Journal of Botany.

M. elevata, Burrill, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. Vol. I, No. 1, p. 58.

Mostly epiphyllous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, frequently
covering the leaves for some time before the appearance of perithecia,
which are usually few, though occasionally abundant, 100-120 tt, re-
ticulations large, evident when young; apppendages 6-12, sometimes
more, 3-4 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline,
slightly colored at base, smooth, 2-4 times dichotomous, branches short,
not swollen, tips at first truncate, divergent, becoming acute and re-
curved. Asci 4-8, ovate, about 33 x 60 fi. Sporidia 4-6, mostly 4.

On Catalpa speciosa and C. bignonioides, not uncommon in
Illinois, also collected in Missouri (Demetrio), and New Jersey (Ellis).
Probably widely distributed.

This sometimes involves the foliage of an entire tree, giving it a
gray color noticeable at some distance, and causing the leaves to fall
prematurely.

M. Euphorbias, (Peck).

Erysiphe Euphorbice, Peck, 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 80.
Microsphcera Euphorbice, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 160,

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent. Perithecia scat-
tered, abundant, usually small, 80-100 ju, but often larger (120 //),
texture soft, elastic, reticulations 10-15 jut, frequently obscure; append-
ages 15-20, very long, 5-6 or more times the diameter of the peri-
thecium, hyaline, often slightly tinted at base, irregularly flexuous and
often nodularly swollen, at first simple, then part of them bifid or 3 or
4 times dichotomous, branches long, lax, tips sometimes bifid, but not
swollen or recurved. Asci 4-8, frequently 6, pedicellate, 35-40 x
65 fi. Sporidia 4-6.

On Euphorbia Preslii, E. marginata, E. corollata.

This is a common species throughout the country east of the Rocky
Mountains. Easily recognized by its very long, nearly colorless ap-
pendages. Erysiphe Euphorbim, Peck, is evidently this same thing.
The name seems to have been founded upon specimens in which the
appendages were not branched.

27

M. Alni, (DC.)

Erysiphe Alni, Betula, DC. Flore Franc. Vl, p. 104^

Alphitomorpha penicillata, Wallr. Verhandl. Naturf. FreUnde I, p. 40.

Erysibe penicillata, Lk. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 113.

Erysiphe Viburni, Duby, Bot. Gall. II, p. 872.

Erysiphe Ceanothi, Viburni, Sytingtz, Schw. N. A. Fungi, pp. 269, 270.

Microsphczra Hedwigii, penicillata, Eriesii, I^ev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, Tome XV-

Microsph&ra Platani, Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 4.

MicrosphcEra Viburni, Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 43.

Microspfuera pulchra, C. & P. Frysiphei of U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872.

Microsphara Nemopanthis, Peck, 38th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 102.

Microsphcera Alni, Winter, Die Pilze II. p. 38.

Amphigenous. Mycelium often delicate and evanescent, some-
times abundant and persistent. Perithecia usually small, 75-100 fi,
sometimes larger, 100-130 /i, wall tissue compact, rather fragile, re-
ticulations not large, 10-15 n\ appendages 6 or 8 to 15 or 20, hyaline,
usually tinted at base, often somewhat roughened, usually about equal-
ing, but varying from less than, to more than twice the diameter of the
perithecium, 4-6 times dichotomous, branches varying in length and
angle of divergence, but always regular and symmetrical, tips acute,
distinctly, often strongly recurved. Asci varying with the size of the
perithecium from 2 or 3 to 8 or more, usually 4 or 5, ovate when
numerous, suborbicular when few. Sporidia 4-8, variable, mostly
small, averaging about 20 // long.

On Ilex decidua, Nemopanthes fascicularis, Euonymus atro~
purpureus, Celastrus scandens, Ceanothus Americanus, Syringa
vulgaris, Cornus stolonifera, C. sericea, C. alternifolia, Viburnum
acerifolium, V. pubescens, V. dentatum, V. lentago, V. prunifolium,
Lonicera sempervirens, L. Sullivantii, L. hirsuta, L. glauca, An-
dromeda ligustrina, Rhododendron nudiflorum, F orestiera acumi-
nata, Ulmus Americana, Platanus occidentalis, Jugians cinerea,
J. nigra, Carya alba, Betula lenta, B. lutea, B. pumila, Alnus
incana, A. serrulata, Corylus Americana, C. rostrata, Ostrya Vir-
ginica, Carpinus Caroliniana, Castanea sativa var. Americana,

Fagus ferruginea.

The forms here included under M Alni have been assigned by
different authors to various species, distinguished, for the most part, by
the number of the asci and sporidia. In all of these forms, the size of
the perithecia, even when standing side by side on the same leaf, is
quite variable, and, as a consequence, the number and shape of the asci
they contain vary equally widely. Very small perithecia contain only
a few (2-4) suborbicular asci, while larger ones contain a greater num-
ber, which, owing to lateral crowding, are narrower and longer. The
sporidia are by no means constant in number, even in asci from the
same perithecium. It is manifestly impossible to maintain specific dis-

tinctions based on such variable characteristics, and it becomes neces-
sary, as in other genera of the family, to combine these rather widely
varying forms. Aside from the number of asci and sporidia, the forms
included here do not, however, present any very wide variations. In
fact, the branching of the appendages, and the cellular structure of the
wall of the perithecium, are strikingly alike in all of them, specimens
on Juglans cinerea and J. nigra, are sometimes very different from
the type, having appendages less than the diameter of the perithecium.
But on these same hosts other forms imperceptibly grade into the
characteristic ones, leaving no room for specific distinction.

The form on Syringa is usually known as M. Friesii, Lev., that
on Viburnum as M. Viburni, Howe, that on Plat anus as M. Plataui.
Howe, that on Nemopanthes as M. Nemopanthis, Peck, and that on
Euonymus as M. Euonyrni (DC.) or M. comata, Lev. Others are
mostly referred to M. penicillata. Lev.

In several American lists and collections we find M. Lonicerce,
(DC.) or its synonym M. Dubyi, Lev. In Europe the fungus on
species of Lonicera is evidently quite distinct and is appropriately
named; but American specimens on our species of this genus of host
plants are certainly different. Whatever else we do with them, they
must not be confounded with European species on allied hosts. LTn-
fortunately, no opportunity has been available to examine collections
on foreign cultivated species of Lonicera. The parasite on American
honeysuckles, is M. Alni, as above described.

M. quercina, (Scliw.)

Erysiphe quercinum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 2492.

Microsphcera externa, C. & P. Erysiphei of U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872.
Microsphcera abbreviata, Peck, 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 64.
Microsphcera quercina, Burrill, Bull. 111. State Jyab. Nat. Hist. II, p. 324.

Epiphyllous, hypophyllous, or amphigenous. Mycelium abundant,
rather thin and pruinose, forming orbicular patches or spreading over
the whole surface of the leaf. Perithecia abundant, scattered, varying
from 80-140 p, reticulations evident, small and irregular; appendages
less than 20, varying in length from less than, to 4 or 5 times the
diameter of the perithecium, tinted at base, smooth or sometimes
roughened, usually regularly 5-6 times dichotomous, branches usually
short and tips strongly recurved, but presenting many curious and
ornate variations caused by the more extended or unequal growth of
some of the branches. Asci 3-8, often rupturing by slight pressure".
Sporidia 4-8, variable, usually large, 20-30 p long.

On Quercus alba, Q. stellata, Q. macrocarpa, Q. lyrata, Q. bi-
color, Q. PrinuSj Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia, Q. coccinea, Q. coccinea var.
tinctoria, Q. palustris, Q.falcata, Q. Catesbcei, Q. aquatica, Q. nigra.
Q. imbricaria, Q. robur.

29

Common on oaks across the continent. A very variable species
as here recognized. If it seemed possible it would be much more
satisfactory to distribute it under several specific names, some of which
are already in use. Often the form on a certain host species is suf-
ficiently distinct when considered by itself to merit this treatment
For example the type on Quercus rubra known as M. extenm, C. &
P., is everywhere on this host sufficiently alike to be easily recognized :
but, upon examining- specimens even from the same localities on allied
oaks, it soon becomes impossible to find dividing bounds between this
form and others which at first sight are very different, like that called
M. abbreviates, Peck on Que?*cus imbricaria, etc. It must also be
acknowledged that it is well nigh impossible to distinguish some forms
referred to M. Alni from certain specimens placed under M. quereina,
except by reference to the host plants. Usually however the latter
differs from the former by longer, commonly more numerous appen-
dages and larger sporidia. The perithecia also average larger.

M. calocladophora, Atkinson, in Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. YH,
p. 13.

Microsphceva densissima, (Schw.) Journ. Myeol. I, p. 101.

Ilypophyllous. Mycelium, thin and diffuse or in dense, orbicular
spots. Perithecia black, at length depressed in the center, walls
thick, reticulations rather distinct, 100-140 /i; appendages not nu-
merous, about 7-12, subhyaline, 1-2 times diameter of the perithecium.
2-8 times dichotomously branched, or the axis continuous, bearing
two or more sets of opposite branches and the lowermost of these some-
times showing the same axial elongation; tips strongly incurved. Asci
4-6. Sporidia granular and nucleate, 6-8, 20-25 /i in length.

On Quercus aquatica, Q. laurifolia, Florida (Martin), South Car-
olina and Alabama (Atkinson).

This species is especially distinguished by the peculiar branching
of some of the appendages first described by Ellis and Martin (Jour-
nal of Mycology I, p. 101), but referred to M. densissima, (Schw.)
It cannot now be positively ascertained to what Schweinitz applied
this name, but his plant was collected at Bethlehem, Pa., upon oak
leaves, species not given. This is a strong evidence against his speci-
men, belonging to the present species. In Cooke and Peck's Erysi-
pliei of the United States (1872), M. densissi?na, (Schw.) was identi-
fied with a specimen on Quercus tinctoria in New York. This was
presumably correct but if so our present species is certainly distinct,
as it differs conspicuously from the New York specimens. There can
however be no doubt that the description in the Journal of Mycology
was drawn from specimens belonging to this newly named spec
(The specimen in Ell. N. A. F. 1238 is Atkinson's new species.)

M. erineophila, Peck, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 75.

Mycelium thin. Perithecia 90-100 ^, fragile, dark, opake, rerir-

30

ulations obscure; appendages few, 8-12. dark colored, except the
branches, scarcely equal to the diameter of the perithecium, 4-6 times
regularly dichotomous, branches short and rather thick, tips recurved.
Asci 5-8, oval or ovate, pedicellate, rather small, 35 x 55 ji. Sporidia
uniformly 8, small.

On the "erineum" caused by a Pbytoptus (mite), on the lower
sides of leaves of Fagusferruginea.

The erineum is usually very common wherever the tree grows,
but the fungus seems to be rare. It has also been collected by Earle
in Illinois and Indiana. See Fungi Europmi, No. 3245.

M. Astragali, (DC.)

Peck reports M. holosericea, (Wallr.) Lev. — a synonym for M.
Astragali — (25th Report N. Y. State Mus., p. 95), on Astragalus
Cooperi, but this species does not seem to have been elsewhere col-
lected in America. Is it possible that a poorly marked specimen of
M. diffusa was thus identified ?

M. Lycii, (Lasch.)

Microsphcera Mougeotii, I^ev.

This is inserted on the sole authority of the publication in Gre-
villea IV, p. 160, where the fungus is said to have been found on Des-
modium Dillenii. Undoubtedly an incorrect determination.

FAMILY. PERISPORIEJl.

Mostly without any stroma but with a strongly developed, brown,
persistent, conidia-bearing mycelium, which, however is sometimes
inconspicuous or evanescent. Perithecia spherical or depressed, mem-
branaceous or coriaceous, generally astomous, always superficial.

This Family is made up of rather heterogeneous material, the dif-
ferent members not being closely allied so as to form a well character-
ized natural group, as in the preceding family.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Mycelium present. 1.

Mycelium scanty or wanting. - - - - - 2.
Mycelium black, dense. 3.

1. Mycelium thin, arachnoid. - - - . Saccardia.
Mycelium yellow. ----- Eurotium.
Mycelium light colored. - Myriococcum.

2. Perithecia scattered, subglobose. - - Perisporium.

*Winter, in Die Pilze, includes here also Aspergillus and Penicillium, of which till recent-
ly, only the conidial stage was known. In these genera perithecia are wanting, the asci being
inclosed in a tuber-like sclerotium which is developed from the mycelium.

31

Perithecia scattered, flattened.
Perithecia stromatic.
3. Perithecia subglobose, appendiculate.
Perithecia subglobose, not appendiculate.
Perithecia flattened. -
Perithecia elongated, subulate, etc.
Mycelium massive, coarse.

Microthyrium .

Lasiobotrys.

Meliola.

D im erosporium.

Asterina.

Capnodium.

Scorias.

DIMEROSPORIUM, Fckl.

Symb. Myc. p. 89.

Perithecia superficial, subglobose, subastomous, membranaceo-
carbonaceous. Mycelium copious, black, bearing conidia. Asci short,
8-spored. Sporidia didymous, hyaline or brown.

D. piilchrum, Sacc. F. Ven. II, p. 299.

Apiosporium pulchrum, Sacc. in Thum. M. U. No. 52.
Exsicc. Rab. F. K. 2149, 2684- — Thum. 1. c.

Mycelium mostly epiphyllous, dark brown, often nearly covering
the surface of the leaf. Conidia lateral on the branches of the my-
celium, at first spherical with two septa at right angles to each other,
and then 4-celled, at length dark brown, many-celled and more irregu-
lar in shape, 20-25 ju diam. With these are also subfalcate, 3-septate,
hyaline conidia 35-40 x 8-9 //, not constricted at the septa. Peri-
thecia scattered among the mycelium, clear yellow-brown, 80-100 /i
diam. Asci elliptical, 46 x 30 fi, 8-spored. Sporidia elongated-ovate,
uniseptate, constricted in the middle, hyaline, 22x11 jut.

Only the conidial form has yet been found in this country, but
this is quite common west and southwest, from Iowa to Texas, on
leaves of Comus, Fraxinus and other trees.

D. Collinsii, (Schw.)

Sphceria Collinsii, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1512.
Dimerosporium Collinsii, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 54.
SphcEria papilionacea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 106.
Sphceria Russellii, B. & C. Grev. 1. c. (sec. Cke. Grev. XV, p. 82).
Kxsicc. Thum. M. U. 849.— N. A. F. 488.— Rab. F. K. 354*.

Mycelium brown-black, septate, crustaceous, hypophyllous, cover-
ing the whole surface. Perithecia black, globose, closely aggregated,
150-160 p.. Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 45-60 x 10 /i. Sporidia
hyaline, oval, uniseptate, 2-seriate, 12-15x3-4 ji.

On leaves of Amelanchier Canadensis, and A. alni folia, New
York, Massachusetts, Prince Edward's Island, and Sierra Nevada
Mts., California.

32

D. oreopliilum, Speg.* Mich. II, p. 160.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, superficial, very minute, 110-
120 /i, globose, clothed on all sides with short, dark hyphae, scarcely
equaling the diameter of the perithecia. Ostiola scarcely discernible.
Texture thin, membranaceous, dark brown. Asci cylindric-clavate,
rounded above, narrowed below into a very short, nodulose stipe, par-
aphysate, 8-spored, 60-65x20 //. Sporidia ovoid, uniseptate and con-
stricted in the middle, 15-16 x 7-8 //, the upper cell larger, hyaline.

On living leaves of Rhododendron Lapponicum, Godhavn, etc.,
Greenland.

D. Ellisii, Sacc. Syll. 241.

Meliola maculosa, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 91.
Venturia maculosa, Ell. N. A. F. 200.

Spots black, suborbicular, 2-3 mm. diam. Perithecia black, glo-
bose, 90-115 jut, borne upon a brown, flexuous, remotely septate,
mycelium, with a circle of straight, black setae at the base; structure
cellular, setae 100x5 //, apices entire. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored,
50-60 fj. long. Sporidia ellipsoid, didymous, hyaline, mostly uni-
seriate, 10-12x4 fi.

On fallen leaves of Andromeda racemosa, Newfield, N. J.

I), melioloides, (B. & C.)

Asterina melioloides, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 10.
(Meliola Baccharidis, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 158) ?

Perithecia brown-black, globose, rugulose, astomous, epiphyllous,
clustered, 80-95 //, borne on brown, radiating hyphae. Asci cylindric-
clavate, 8-spored, 33-40 x 10-13 p.. Sporidia hyaline, subcymbiform,
uniseptate, 1-2-seriate, 10x3/^.

On leaves of Baccharis halimifolia, Florida (Martin).

D. orbiculare, (B. & C.)

Asterina orbicularis, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9, Cuban Fungi, 784.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1362.

Mycelium black, branching, remotely septate, adnate, forming
orbicular, crustaceous patches, |-1 cm. diam. Perithecia black, sub-
globose, 80-100 fi diam., amphigenous, but those on the upper surface
are of a dull black color, and often sterile. Spreading from the apex
to the circumference, are numerous moniliform threads of subglobose,

*This and all other Greenland species hereafter noted in this work were collected along
the western coast of Greenland from 1812-1886, mostly by the various expeditions sent out to
explore that country ; viz. The Nares Arct. Exp., 2d Dutch North Polar Exp., Hammer's
Exp., 'Danish Exp. 1876-79, Fylla Exp. 1884-86, etc., etc., and described by Prof. E. Rostrup in
his "Fungi Groenlandise," published at Copenhagen in 1888.

33

dusky cells 10-12 p diam. Asci ovate or ©borate, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia ovate-oblong, 33-r35 x 15-18 p, hyaline at first, then light brown.

On leaves of Ilex cbriacea and I. opaca, Carolina to Florida.

D. erysipheoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 121. (Plate 8)

Exsice. EH. & Evrht N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2341.

Amphigenous. Perithecia scattered, astomous, globose, 100-130
p diam., sparingly clothed with short (30-40 x 3 p), erect, spreading
hairs, and seated on a rather scanty mycelium of slender, brown,
branching hyphae. Asci oblong, subsessile, 35-40 x 12-14 /^ with fili-
form paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, acutely elliptical, uniseptate and
constricted, each cell with a large nucleus, 15-18 x 6-7 p.

On leaves of Cynodon dactylon, Louisiana (Langlois).

With the ascigerous perithecia are many smaller ones (spermo-
gonia) containing a few globose, brownish sporules 4-5 p diam.

D. Langloisii, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 129.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1786.

Perithecia gregarious, depressed-spherical, rough, black, subasto-
mous, 112-120 p diam., seated on a thin mycelium of brown, branch-
ing threads, forming small, dark colored patches thickly scattered
over the upper surface of the leaf, and giving it a mottled appearance.
Asci subsessile, oblong, often inequilateral or bulging on one side,
25-30 x 7-9 p, without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-
oblong, yellowish-brown, 4-nucleate, uniseptate and slightly constricted
at the septum, 9-10| x 4 p. Some of the perithecia contain oblong-
cylindrical, 2-nucleate, subhyaline, 7-8 x2 p stylospores. The peri-
thecia have a radiate-cellular structure.

On living leaves of Dianthera humilis, Louisiana (Langlois).

D. nimbosura, E &M. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 129.

Mycelium composed of prostrate, brown, branching, septate threads,
with short, erect branches bearing oblong-clavate, 3-4-septate, brown
conidia 35-40x6-8 p, and longer (70-80x5-6 p). erect, straight,
septate, opake, sterile branches, the whole forming orbicular, veluti-
•nous, black patches J-l cm. across, mostly soon confluent, extending
along and enveloping the stem for 5 cm. or more. The mycelium
finally disappears, leaving a black, smooth, shining surface. Perithecia
collected mostly in the center of the spots, erumpent, conical, black,
carbonaceo-membranaceous, rough, about \ mm. broad and high,
sometimes imperfectly sulcate-striate around the prominent, mammose
ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical, 70-80 x 10-14 p, nearly sessile, sur-
rounded with abundant filiform paraphyses and containing 8 biseriate.
5

34

oblong-cylindrical, 16-20 x 5-6 /j. sporidia yellowish and 2-nucleate
at first, finally brown and uniseptate, and more or less constricted at
the septum.

On living stems of Smilax, near Jacksonville, Florida (Calkins).

Mystrosporium aterrlmum, B. & C, appears to be the conidial
stage.

D. Spartinse, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 102.

The mycelium forms small (2-4 mm. long), oblong or elliptical,
black patches consisting of a thick growth of erect, simple, septate,
subnodulose, sterile hyphae, nearly hyaline at first, but soon opake,
130-175 x 6-9 /i, and pale yellowish, prostrate hyphae, producing
fusoid-cylindrical or subfalcate, nucleate conidia 40-60 x 3 p.. Nest-
ling among the sterile 'hyphae are black, membranaceous, subovate
perithecia \-\ mm. diam.. with a very large opening above. Asci
elavate-cylindrical, 75 xl5 //, with imperfectly developed paraphyses.
Sporidia 8 in an ascus, oblong-cylindrical, yellowish (nearly hyaline),
slightly curved, 3-4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate, 18-20x4-5 ft.
Some sporidia were seen imperfectly 3-septate, but one septum seems
to be the normal state. This is remarkable for the large apical open-
ing more like a half-grown Cenangium than like an ostiolum.

On dead sheaths of Spartina f)olystachya, Louisiana (Langlois).

D. capnoides, (Ell.)

Astertna capnoides, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 318.

Mycelium brown-black, branching, septate, epiphyllous. Co-
nidia brown, ovate, uniseptate, 10-12x6 fi. Macroconidia brown, ped-
icellate, submuriform, 3-septate, 35x15 ju. Perithecia brown-black,
subglobose, 50-100 p. diam. Asci oblong-ovate, sessile, 8-spored,
35-40 x 11-16 pi. Sporidia hyaline, subcymbiform, uniseptate, 2-seri-
ate, 10-17 x 4-6 fi.

On living leaves of Asclepias Cornuti, Kansas.

D. conglobatum, (B. & C.)

Astertna conglobata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9.

Perithecia hypophyllous, globose, about 50 a, astomous, coarsely
cellular, membranaceous, in compact, subconfluent groups of 4—6 on a
subcrustaceous mycelium. Asci obovate, 20-25 x 10 jul, without par-
aphyses. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, hyaline, 6-8 x 2-2| fi.

Description made out from specimens sent from Maine by Rev.
Jos. Blake, on leaves of Arbutus Uva-Ursi.

D. xylogeniim, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 102.

Perithecia superficial, scattered, depressed-hemispherical, rough,
165-250 a diaiQ., with an obscure, papilliform ostiolum. Asci obovate,
contracted below into a short stipe, 35-40 x 20-24 //, without par-
aphyses, and containing 8 oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, granular, sub-
hyaline, 15-16x8 (jl sporidia.

On decaying wood of Salix, Louisiana (Lahglois).

Differs from the usual type of Asterina and Dimerosporium in
its habitat, and the absence of any definite mycelium.

D. anomalum, (Cke. & Hark.)

Asterina anomala, Cke. & Hark. Grey. IX, p. 87.

"Effused, black, velvety. Perithecia hemispherical or globose-
depressed. Mycelium intricate, brown, with erect, rigid, scattered
setae. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, 1-5-septate, hya-
line, 20-22 x 4 fi. Perithecia 80 p diam.; setae about twice as long."

On living laurel leaves, California.

Dimerosporium Populi, E. & E., mentioned in Journ. Mycol. V.
p. 81, was not published on account of the specc. proving unsatis-
factory.

ASTERINA, Lev.

Ann. Sci. Nat. 1845, III, p. 59.

Perithecia globose-depressed or lenticular, membranaceous, sub-
astomous, seated on spots of black, radiating, subsuperficial (rarely
subinnate) mycelium. Asci typically short and thick, mostly 8-spored.
Sporidia two-celled, pluriseptate or continuous, hyaline or brown.

The perithecia vary from an entire membranaceous sac to a mere
covering of coalesced, radiating hyphag, and the mycelium, which
typically forms black spots, is often light colored, scant, evanescent or
entirely wanting. The genus therefore contains some species nearly
approaching Sphmrella and Microthyrium on the one hand, and
Ascomycetella on the other.

A. Perithecia seated on a distinctly developed mycelium.

A. rubicola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia epiphyllous, erumpent-superficial, single or 2-3 to-
gether, conic-hemispherical, membranaceous. 75-100 p. diam.. with a
distinct ostiolum. Asci oblong, sessile, 35-45 x 12-15 //, with obscure
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-elliptical, yellowish-brown, uni-
septate, constricted at the septum, rounded at the ends, 12-15x6-8 p.
~ On leaves of Rubns strigosu* and R. occidental Is, Canada and
Wisconsin.

36

A. aliena, Ell. & Galw. (in Herb.)

Mycelium crustaceous, forming subelliptical patches, |-1 x |-| cm.,
on dead areas of the leaf which are separated from the living part by
a narrow, reddish border. Perithecia amphigenous, lenticular, sub-
confluent, 150-200 fi diam., of cellular-fibrous structure, with a reticu-
late-fimbriate margin. Asci at first ovate, finally subelongated, 50-
60x20 /i, short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia inordinate, obovate,
granular, hyaline, (becoming uniseptate)? 13-15x4-5 it.

On leaves of pineapple (cult.), Washington, D. C.

A. (Asterella) Chamsenerii, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 545 (No. 105).

Spots black, amphigenous or caulicolous, 3-4 mm. across. My-
celium subsuperficial, pseudoparenchymatic, margin radiate. Peri-
thecia globose-depressed, subastomous, lying in the central part of the
mycelium. Asci ovate-cylindrical, 50-60x12-14 ti. Sporidia oblong-
clavate, hyaline, unequally uniseptate, the upper cell three times larger
than the lower, nucleate, 16-20 x 6-7 tu.

On partly living stems and leaves of Chamcenerium latifolium,
Sukkertoppen, etc., Greenland.

A. picea, B. & C. Linn. Journ. X, p. 374.

Perithecia epiphyllous, hemispherical, collapsing, about 150 tt
diam., seated 4-8 together on small (1-1 J mm.), orbicular patches of
black, crustose mycelium. Asci oblong, 40-50x10-12 /*, without
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, brown, clavate-oblong, uniseptate and
constricted, 10-12 x 3-4 tt.

On dead leaves of Magnolia. Louisiana (Langlois).

The patches of mycelium are at first covered by the cuticle of the
leaf, which gives them a shining appearance, but when the cuticle is
thrown off the mycelium is of a dead black color.

A. niida, Pk. 38th Pep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 102.

Mycelium brown, branching, scanty. Perithecia black, at first
subglobose, afterwards depressed, thickly clustered near the midrib,
mostly hypophyllous, 75-100 fi diam. Asci oblong or subcylindrical.
8-spored, 35-40 x 12 ju. Sporidia oblong, hyaline, uniseptate, biseriate,
10-12 x 3-4 /i.

On dead leaves of Abies balsamea, Adirondack Mts., N. Y.

A. delitescens, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284. (Plate 6)

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 1291.

Mycelium thin, black, epiphyllous, forming small (2-4 mm.),
orbicular patches composed of much branched, closely appressed

37

hyphae, on which are seated the flattened, crowded perithecia 75-
100 p diam, of radiate-cellular structure. Asci obovoid or subglobose,
8-spored, 30-35 x 1 8-22 p. Sporidia subhyaline, ovate-oblongrunisep-'
tate, 15-18x6-7 p.

On living leaves of Persea palustris, Florida (Martin).

A. pelliculosa. Berk. Ant. Voyage, Crypt, p. 137.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 75.

Mycelium epiphyllous, radiate and branching in a dendroid man-
ner, forming black, suborbicular patches J-l cm. diam., often more or
less confluent. Perithecia seated on thickened portions of the main
branches of the mycelium, depressed-hemispherical, imperfectly col-
lapsed above. Asci subglobose, 50-60 p diam., 8-spored. Sporidia
oblong-elliptical, uniseptate and constricted, hyaline, 25x19 p (16-
20 p long, Sacc.) becoming dark brown, about the same as in Dimero-
sporium orbiculare.

On leaves of Ilex coriacea, Florida (Ravenel).

A. paupercula, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 121.

Epiphyllous. Perithecia scutellate, brownish-black, 90-120 p
diam., seated on and surrounded by a thin network of brown, branch-
ing mycelium. Asci subelliptical, 22-25x12-15 p, contracted below
into a short, stipe-like base, 8-spored. Sporidia crowded, fusoid, hya-
line, uniseptate, 12-15 x 2 p.

On living leaves of Jacquinia armillaris, Florida (Curtis, com.

A. Commons).

B. Mycelium a marginal fringe around the base of the perithecia.
A. discoidea, E. & M. Am. Nat. 18, p. 1148.

Perithecia hypophyllous, orbicular, slightly depressed in the cen-
ter, olivaceous, thin, 500-800 p diam., with an indistinct, reticulated
margin. Asci obovate or globose, 30-40 x 30-35 p. Sporidia crowd-
ed, clavate-oblong, uniseptate, 12-16x4-5^.

On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia and of Olea Americana,
Florida (Martin).

This may not be distinct from A. oleina, Cke., but as that species
was described and distributed in an immature state, it is now impos-
sible to decide.

A. cupressina, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 17.

Venturia cupressina, Rehm Asc. 494.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 160, 500.— Thum. M. U. 1543.

Mycelium nearly obsolete. Perithecia dark brown, hemispherical
or lenticular, adnate, perforated above, 185-200 p diam., with a short.

38

scanty fringe of mycelium around the base. Asci cylindric-clavate.
60-75x10-12 /jl, short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, uni-
septate, upper cell broadest, often with a small nucleus in each cell,
sometimes oblique or uniseriate, pale yellowish-brown, 12-15x6-7 p*.

On dead foliage of Cupressus thyoides, Newfield, N. J.

Sometimes there are a few scattered bristles on the perithelia,
and some of them are filled with a mass of minute, oblong, hyaline
spermatia, while others contain brown, elliptical stylospores {Sphce-
ropsis) 20 x 10 p..

A. Ilicis, Ell. Am. Nat. 17, p. 319.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 1357.

Perithecia brown-black, hypophyllous, scattered, adnate, at first
hemispherical, then flattened and depressed, 100-120 /j. diam., with a
circular opening, forming a disc of brown, interlacing hyphse, covering
the nucleus and forming a narrow margin beyond. Asci obovate,
8-spored, 22-30 x 9-15 pu Sporidia biseriate, subhyaline, oblong, uni-
septale, 11x4//.

On living leaves of Ilex glabra, Newfield, N. J.

A. intricata, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 136.

Mycelium pale, scanty, evanescent. Perithecia brown, flat, or-
bicular, soft, very thin, hypophyllous, 500 /j. diam. Asci globose,
stipitate, 18x15-18//. Sporidia hyaline, obovate or ovate, unisep-
tate, 7-12x2-3 //.

On living leaves of Quercus arenaria, Florida (Martin).

A. patelloides, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 136.

Asterina erysipheoides, E. & M. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1358.

Perithecia dark brown, soft, orbicular, flattened, depressed in the
center, hypophyllous, 275-300 fi diam., with a narrow border of scanty,
radiating, pale mycelium. Asci ovate or ovate-oblong, 8-spored, 36 x
15 /i. Sporidia obovate, 2-seriate, uniseptate, hyaline, 12-15 x 4J-5 p..
Like the preceding species, closely allied to Ascomycetella.

On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin).

A. carnea, E. &M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284.

Exsicc EH. N. A. F. No. 1290.

Mycelium thin, brown, hypophyllous, adnate, mostly near the mar-
gin of the leaf or in orbicular spots about 5 mm. diam. Perithecia
flesh-colored, flattened, soft, crowded, 60-100 p diam. Asci obovate,
sessile, 8-spored, 30-40x22-35 p. Sporidia subhyaline, ovate, 2-
celled, uniseptate, 16-17x7-8 [i.

On Persea palustris, Florida (Martin).

39

A. Celastri, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 3.

Perithelia hypophyllous, in groups or scattered, convex, orbicular,
black, 250 [i diani., with brown, radiating threads of mycelium around
the base. Asci oblong-ovate, 12-15x6-7 /v filled with granular
matter. The parts of the leaf occupied by the groups of perithecia are
a little darker than the surrounding portions.

On living leaves of Celastrus scandens, Kansas.

The specc. examined were immature.

A. comata, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 10.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 73.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2339.— Roum. F. G. 5036.

Perithecia epiphyllous, superficial, scattered, large (J-£ mm. diam.).
depressed-hemispherical, clothed with black, spreading, subfasciculnte.
bristle-like hairs which are deflexed above, leaving the variously rup-
tured ostiolum bare. Asci oblong, 70-75 x 20 fi. Sporidia biseriate.
clavate-oblong, hyaline at first, then brown, about 20 x 5-7 \i\ unisep-
tate.

On leaves of various species of Magnolia in the Southern States.

Often sterile.

A. pinastri, Sacc. & Ell. Mich. II, p. 567.

Parodiella rigida, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 6a.
Exsicc. EH. N. A: F. 789.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, depressed-spherical, roughish.
without any prominent ostiolum, 100-120 p. diam., with a sparing,
brown, creeping mycelium around the base. Asci oblong, sessile, 60-
70 x 12-15 ju, very evanescent. Paraphyses (?). Sporidia subbise-
riate, ovate-oblong, brown, uniseptate and deeply constricted (the two
cells sometimes separating), 15-20 x 7-9 fi. ' Spermogonia similar, with
hyaline, oblong sporules 15-18 x 7-8 //, with a large central nucleus.

On dead leaves of Pinus rigida, still attached to limbs cut off
about eighteen months ago, Newfield, N. J., April 26, 1888.

A. tenella, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 67.

" Epiphyllous, effused, thin, black. Perithecia minute, 220-300 /i
diam., applanate, mingled with brown, creeping mycelium. Asci
saccate, 4-8-spored. Sporidia 28-30 x 12-14 tu, in the 8-spored asci.
40 x 22 p. in the 4-spored, light brown."

On Persea Caroli?iiensis, Carolina.

A. Xerophylli, Ell. Am. Nat. 17, p. 319.

Mycelium scanty. Perithecia entirely superficial, orbicular or
subelongated, slightly depressed, 167 f± diam. Asci obovate, 35 x 15 /i.

40

contracted into a thick, stipe-like base. Sporidia hyaline, fusiform or
clavate-fusiform, faintly 3-septate, 18-20 x 3-3J /i.

On fading leaves of Xerophyllum asphodeloides, New Jersey.

A. lepidigenoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IY, p. 121.

Mycelium obsolete. Peritliecia hypophyllous, scattered, attached
to the scales on the leaf, small, pierced above, scutellate. Asci oblong,
sessile, 60 x 12 //, mostly broader below. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
3-septate, hyaline, 12-14x2-2 J /i.

On living leaves of Capparis Jamaicensis, Key West, Florida
(Coll. A. H. Curtis, Com. A. Commons).

Closely allied to A. lepidigena, E. & E., but differs in its smaller
perithecia, longer asci, and 3-septate sporidia.

A. decolorans, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9.

" Spots orbicular, red, undulate, bullate. Mycelium scanty, con-
sisting of a few moniliform threads and others entire. Perithecia
punctiform. Asci short, oblong. Sporidia uniseptate, 10 ti long."

On an unknown leaf, New Jersey.

A. cuticulosa, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 49.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am, No. 328.

Perithecia brown, orbicular, applanate, adnate, hypophyllous.
clustered near the margin of the leaf, 500-800 ti diam., structure
cellular-membranaceous. Mycelium scanty. Asci globose, 25 ti diam,
Sporidia elliptical, ends obtuse, uniseptate, subconstricted, hyaline,
10 x 5 fi. A somewhat abnormal species.

On leaves of Ilex opaca, Georgia (Ravenel).

A. plantagims, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9, p. 74.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 790.

Spots brownish, immarginate. Perithecia brown-black, subglo-
bose, membranaceous, innate, clustered in the spots, mostly epiphyllous,
70-80 //. Asci ovate, 26-33x13-16 li. Sporidia hyaline, oblong,
obtuse, uniseptate, slightly constricted in the middle, or 2-nucleate,
9-10 x 3-5 fju

On living leaves of PI antago major, Philadelphia, Pa., and New-
field, N. J. Approaches Sphmrella.

A. ramularis, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9, p. 20.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 720.

Mycelium pale, subhyaline, very scanty. Perithecia flattened,
orbicular, clustered, frequently coalescing, subinnate, 250-300 //, con-
sisting of dark brown, moniliform hyphae covering the nucleus, obsolete
beneath, mostly sterile. Asci oblong, spore-bearing portion 50 x 25 p..

41

SjXttidia pale, crowded, elliptical, coarsely granular, about 15x10 //,
with 1-2 large vacuoles at first.

On dead twigs of Lindera Benzoin, West Chester, Pa. (Everhart).

A. minor, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 42.

Perithecia applanate, superficial, orbicular, \ mm. diam., black,
mycelium obsolete. Asci obovate, 25-30 x 12-15 fi. Sporidia crowd-
ed, oblong-obovate, uniseptate, yellowish, 10-13 x3-3| jut (becoming
brown?). Differs from A. ramularis, Ell., in its smaller perithecia
and sporidia.

On dead twigs, Texas (Ravenel).

A. inquinans, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 41.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Set. 1785.

Perithecia scutelliform, black, umbonate, of radiate-cellular struc-
ture, the marginal cells subelongated and slightly enlarged at their
extremities. Asci ovate or obovate, 35-40 x 1 8-22 //, contracted at
the base into a short stipe. Sporidia irregularly crowded, ovate-
elliptical or oblong-elliptical, yellowish and faintly uniseptate (?), 10-
12x5-7//. The perithecia are thickly scattered over both surfaces
of the leaf, and look much like the masses of exuded spores of some
Pestalozzia or Melanconium.

On dead leaves of Sabal Palmetto, Louisiana (Langlois).

A. lepidigena, E. & M. Am. Nat 18, p. 1148.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 1361.

Mycelium hyaline, scanty, hypophyllous. Perithecia black, sub-
globose, at length flat, very thin and fragile, 200-300 jut diam. Asci
ovate. 8-spored, 30x15 or 42x12 jut. Sporidia obovate, uniseptate.
12x4//.

Attached to the epidermal scales on old, living leaves of Androm-
eda ferruginea, Florida (Martin).

A. pustulata, E. & M. Am. Nat. 18, p. 1148.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1543.

Perithecia brown, soft, flattened, hypophyllous, adnate, 200-500 /*
diam., consisting of a membranaceous disk of brown, branching, coa-
lesced hyphas, covering the nucleus and forming a narrow border
beyond. Asci subglobose, 8-spored, 50-60 p. diam. Sporidia hyaline,
obovate, uniseptate, 30-40 x 10-12 //.

On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida.

A. stomatophora, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 98.

Perithecia lenticular, scattered, small, 170-185 jm diam,, with -a

42

thin, reticulated margin, and indistinctly perforated in the center;
texture cellular. Asci 30-35 x 6-8 /a, oblong, rather broader below
and abruptly contracted into a short, stipitate base. Paraphyses none.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uniseptate, rather narrower and more acute
at the lower end, 7-12x2J-3 /i, hyaline. When the perithecium is
removed from the leaf, a piece of the epidermis often adheres to its
lower surface, so that under the microscope the stomata are visible
through the thin edge of the perithecium, appearing as if they actually
formed a part of it. It is to be noted that in this and most of the other
species with flattened perithecia, the wall of the perithecium is nearly
obsolete below, so that the perithecium is in fact hardly more than a
shield-like disk covering the asci.

On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin).

A. subcyanea, E. & M. Am. Nat, 18, p. 1148.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 1360. •

Perithecia hypophyllous, convex, depressed, ostiolate, obsolete
beneath, 250-300 /i diam., subglobose, composed of dark greenish-blue
cells 5-7 fx diam., which cover the nucleus and extend beyond in a
thin, membranaceous border closely adnate to the leaf. Ostiolum
papilliform, collapsing, with a broad, circular opening when dry. Asci
slightly narrower at each end, sessile, 8-spored, 75 x 15 p.. Sporidia
hyaline, oblong-clavate, uniseptate, 2-seriate, 20x4-7 //.

On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin).

A. Gaulth&rise, Curtis, (in Herb. Curtis).

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 1358.

Perithecia brown-black, flattened, slightly elevated in the center,
hypophyllous, scattered, 170-250 [i diam., surrounded by a narrow
border of brown, branching mycelium. Asci ovate, 22-25 x 13-16 /jl.
Sporidia hyaline, obovate, uniseptate, the upper cell larger, 9 x 3 juu

On living leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, common.

A. Pearsoni, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 92.

Perithecia minute (100 jui), flat, superficial, obscurely perforated
above, of close, cellular structure, with a scanty, subradiating mycelium
around the margin. Asci oblong, obtuse, sessile, 40x15 /z, without
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, granular, becoming
uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septa, 15-20x3|-4J ju, acute
below, obtuse above, hyaline.

On blackberry canes, Vineland, N. J. (Pearson).

43

A. Bignoniae, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,

Perithecia hypophyllous, thin membranaceous, 115 // diam., sub-
hemispherical, becoming slightly depressed above, thickly scattered
over the surface of the leaf! Ostiolum papilliform. Asci obovate, 20 x
15 //, or elongated to 30x15 pt, without paraphyses. Sporidia 8, cla*
vate-oblong, uniseptate, hyaline, scarcely constricted, 10-12x3-4//.

On leaves of Bignonia capreolata, Louisiana (Langlois).

A. purpurea, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 128.

Perithecia hypophyllous, convex-scutellate, scattered or gregarious,
often collected along the midrib towards the base of the leaf, subasto-
mous, of radiate-cellular structure, 130-150 /* diam., margined with a
narrow fringe of pale purplish-black hyphas closely appressed to the
surface of the leaf, which is of a reddish-purple tint for a little distance
around. Asci obovate, 30-35 x 18-22 //, 8-spored. Sporidia crowded,
ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptical, 12-16 x 5-6 /*, hyaline, with the
endochrome three times divided, and often one of the cells with an
imperfect longitudinal division, thus varying from the usual type.

On leaves of Olea Americana, Florida (Calkins).

A. clavuligera, Cke, Grev. VI, p. 142.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 76.

Mycelium dark brown. Conidia elliptical, brown, white-banded,
("albo-fasciatis"), septate, constricted in the middle, pedicels elongated,
hyaline. Perithecia scutellate. Asci subglobose, apiculate at the
base. Sporidia elliptical (immature). Dr. Martin, in Journ. Mycol-
I, p. 145, states that the sporidia are oval or obovate, uniseptate, hya-
line, 21x6//. We have seen no specimen except that in Rav. F. Am,
and that is without perithecia.

C. Species not well-known.

A. oleina, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 38.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. No. 757.

Perithecia hypophyllous, scattered, flattened, discoid with a
narrow margin of brown, radiating hyphae. Asci clavate, 24-30 x 9
-10 ji. "Sporidia hyaline, small, uniseptate, (immature). Pycnidia
similar but smaller, stylospores minute, oval, hyaline, 5 fi long." (Cke.)

On leaves of Olea Americana, Georgia.

A. nigerrima, E1L Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 91.

The specimens of this species are poor and unsatisfactory, and its
habitat (old decaying stems of Erigeron) indicates that it can hardly
belong here.

44

A. diplodioides, B. & C. Grey. IT. p. 9.

• Spots orbicular, mycelium interrupted. Perithelia minute.
- ridia oblong, obtuse, uniseptate, light brown, 8 pt loi _
On leaves of Andromeda acuminata. Alabama.
A. spurca, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9.

- Perithecia scattered, dot-like, surrounded by short, articulated,
subnionilifonn, radiating threads, which are joined together laterally
in twos, sometimes forked at the apex."

On leaves and stems of Hyptis radiata, Carolina and Alabama.
A. Wrigtatii. B. & C. Grev. IT, p. 10.

- Mycelium very thin. Perithecia brown, granular, crowded, like
little grains of gunpowder, surrounded by cirrhate threads,
clavate, short," Texas (C. Wright.)

"Apparently on some smooth Cucurbi

A. eongregata, B. & C. X. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129. Xo. 169.

Perithecia very small, shining, gregarious. Mycelium (subieu-
lum) very scanty, mouth round. Asci yellowish (** helvolus 7r). Spo-
ridia narrow.

On lea yes, Xiearagua.

With the habit of Sph&rella moeulifoirmis.

A. bnllata. B. & C. X. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129. Xo. 170.

Spots orbicular, on projecting portions of the matrix, hyphae inter-
woven into a compact but thin, and here and there cellulose stratum.
Perithecia prominent, scutellate, margin fimbriate.

On leaves, Xiearagua.

With the habit of Strigula.

A. ostiolata, B. & C. X. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129. Xo. 166.

Punctiform, black. Ostiolum distinct, papilliform. Mycelium
reduced to a mere border around the perithecia (t: subiculo nullo nisi
peritheciali.'i

On the upper surface of leaves with Cephaleurus virescens,
Xiearagua.

MICROTHYRIUM, Desm.

Ann. Sci. Nat. XV. p. 137.

Perithecia superficial, flat or plano-convex, membranaceous, per-
forated in the center, margin subfimbriate. Asci mostly oboyate.
8-spored, without paraphyses. Sporidia oblong or fusoid, continuous
or uniseptate, hyaline.

Smilacis, De Not. Micr. Dec.

Myiocopron Smilacis, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 660.
Exsicc. Rabh. Herb. Myc 654.— Rehm. Ascom. 447.— Thum. M. U. 144S.-EH. N. A. F.
600.

Perithecia superficial, flat, orbicular, \-\ mm. diam., often con-
fluent, forming a continuous, rough, Mack crust. Asci oblong or ovate.
50-60 x 18-20 /jl (10x6 u, Sacc.) Sporiclia biseriate, ovate-elliptical,
1-celled, hyaline, 12-18 x 8-10 (i.

On dead stems of Smilax, common.

M. microscopicum, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II, XV, p. 138.

Sacc. Fungi Italici, tab. 562.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 967, 1963, 2943.

Perithecia flattened, brown, about 150 ju diam., pierced in the
center, margin subfimbriate. Asci clavate-oblong, sessile, 8-sporcd,
25-30 x7-9 fi. Sporidia biseriate or irregularly crowded, elongated-
ovate, subinequilateral, hyaline, and when mature, with a septum near
the lower end, 8-10 x 3-3 \ a.

On dead dry leaves of Azalea and Myrica, New Jersey. Prob-
ably common in other sections and on other leaves.

M. Phafstn', Fckl. and M. litigiosum, Sacc. should also be found
in this country as their spermogonial stage is often met with.

MELiOLA, Fr.

Elench. Fung. II, p. 109.

Perithecia globose, astomons, membranaceous, surrounded by
stout, bristle-like, simple or branched appendages, and seated on orbic-
ular patches of radiately-branched, or subcrustaceous mycelium. Asci
mostly short and thick, 2-8-spored; paraphyses none. Sporidia ob-
long, 2-5-septate, dark, exceptionally hyaline, continuous or fenestrate.
A. Sporidia ^-septate.

M. amphitriclia, Fr. Elench. Fung. II, p. 109.

See also Grew XI, p. 37.— Mont. Cuba, p. 326.— Revue Mycol. 1888, p. 134.— Journ.

Mycol. I, p. 146.
Syn. Sphceria amphitriclia, Fr. S. M. II, p. 513.
Meliola tenuis, B. & C. (sec. Cooke, Grev. VII, p. 49).
Rav. F. Am. 83.— EH. N. A. F. 1296.

Spots black, crustaceous, orbicular, often confluent, amphigenous.
but mostly hypophyllous, mycelium brown-black, remotely septate,
radiating, with short, pyriform, uniseptate, alternate branches (hypho-
podia). Perithecia black, globose, then depressed and at length col-
lapsing, rugulose, 200-300 fi diam., surrounded by black, opakc, rigid.
erect, entire setae 300-500 x 9-12 fi. Asci oval, 2-spored, evanescent.
Sporidia oblono;, dusky, 3-septate, < onstricted at the septa, 50-60 x 1 6
-24 „. '

46

On Per sea Olea Americana, Magnolia, &c, Carolina to Louisi-
ana.

M. furcata, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1846, p. 266. (Plate 5)

Bornet Org. des Mel. tab. 22, fig. 14.

Perithecia black, wrinkled, globose, 200-250 jx diam., surrounded
by numerous, erect, dark brown, continuous or obscurely septate
appendages 10-12 /x thick, divided at the tip into two recurved
spreading branches 30-40 /x long, and each with 2-3 divergent lobes
10-15 ti long. Mycelium forming round, black patches, 2-6 mm. in
diam., scattered or confluent, composed of brown, radiating, septate
hyphae 8-10 /x thick, with short, alternate, two-celled branches (hypho-
podia), the lower cell short and cylindrical, the upper globose or
ovoid and longer. Asci 2-4-spored. Sporidia brown, cylindrical,
4-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, rounded at the ends, 35-45
x 14-16 fjL

The foregoing description is from specimens in the Herb, of the
U. S. Dept. of Ag. Washington, D. C, collected by Wright in Nicar-
agua, on some coriaceous leaf. N. A. F. 1297 (a & b) are M. biden-
tata, Cke., and 1297 (c) is M. palmicola, Winter.

M. Cookeana, Speg. F. Arg. Pug. IV, p. 42.

Meliola amphitricha, Fr. Ravenel F. Am. No. 84, and Ellis N. A. F. No. 1295.

Mycelium amphigenous, broadly and irregularly effused, subcrus-
taceous, black, easily separating when mature, hyphae thick, branching,
intricate, remotely septate. Hyphopodia short-pyriform, uniseptate;
hyphae few, rigid, often only in a circle around the perithecia,
120-250 x 8-10 li, apices entire. Perithecia scattered or aggregated,
globose, black, carbonaceous, bald, not collapsing, scaly, granular,
150-200 ti diam. Asci elliptical, short and thick, stipitate, 2-spored,
often immature. Sporidia at first hyaline, then brown, oblong, 4-sep-
tate, constricted at the septa, 30-40 x 10-12 it.

On living leaves of Gallicarpa Americana, Florida.

M. bidentata, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 37. (Plate 5)

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 330.— EH. N. A. F. 1297 a & b— Rabh. Winter Fungi, 3546.

Perithecia globose, (150 ti). Appendages few, erect, 2-4-cleft at
the tips. Asci saccate. Sporidia oblong-cylindrical, 3-septate, slightly
constricted at the septa, rounded at the ends, brown, 45-50 x 16-18 fi7
usually two in an ascus.

On leaves of Bignonia capreolata, Carolina to Texas.

M. palmicola, Winter, Rabh- Winter, Fungi Eur. 3547. (Plate 5)

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1297 c— Rav. F. Am. 81.— Rabh-Winter F. E. 2846, 3547

Mycelium forming irregularly rounded spots 1-15 mm. broad7

47

ampliigenous, black, at length broadly confluent, formed of loosely
branched, interwoven, creeping hyphae 10-11 ft thick. Hyphopodia
scattered, capitate, generally entire or a little crenate, often curved,
with a short, cylindrical stipe. Bristles numerous, erect, straight, tips
di-trichotomously divided, the branches again sometimes bifid, or more
rarely with 3-4 short branches near the apex.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, tardily collapsing, rough, black,
175-240 fx diam. Asci evanescent. Sporidia cylindrical, rounded at
the ends, 4-septate, constricted at the septa, dark, the middle cell
mostly swollen, 52-62 x 19-23 /*.

On leaves of Sabal serrulata, Florida to Louisiana and Texas.

B. Sporidia S-o-septate.
M. cryptocarpa, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284.

Exsicc Ell. N. A. F. No. 1293.

Spots tomentose, mostly epiphyllous, suborbicular, 2-4 mm. diam..
numerous and often confluent. Mycelium pale brown, creeping, sep-
tate, irregularly branched, bearing numerous, oblong-fusiform conidia,
which are pale brown, 3-4-septate, 30-40x5-9 //, obtuse or acute
above, and contracted below into a short, hyaline stipe. Erect
bristles abundant, simple, multiseptate, black, tips entire and paler.
Perithecia black, subglobose, not abundant and often sterile, 180-200 /j.
diam., collapsing, surrounded at base with a few diverging, brown,
septate appendages, which, like the bristles, are more or less crisped
or undulate above. Asci oblong-ovate, 8-spored. Sporidia brown,
oblong or oblong-clavate, 2-seriate, 3-5-septate, 30-50x10-12 p.

On leaves of Gordonia lasianthus, Florida (Martin).

M. manca, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284.

Meliola sanguinea, E. & E. Journ. Myc. II, p. 42.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1292.

Perithecia membranaceous, \-\ mm. diam., subastomous, smooth,
or at least without any bristle-like appendages, mostly epiphyllous,
and either solitary or several in a small, rather compact group, on
orbicular, subindeterminate patches of black, branching mycelium
with alternate, obovate hyphopodia, much the same as those of J/.
amphitricha, Fr. Asci oblong-obovate, 2-spored. Sporidia oblong-
cylindrical, slightly curved, 3-septate, 38-44x 12-15 //, obtuse, hyaline,
becoming brown.

On living leaves of Myrica cerifera, Florida, and on lea\
Rubus trivicdis (M. sanguinea), in Louisiana.

48

M. Mitchells, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 143.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 88.— Ell. N. A. F. 1294.

Spots black, thin, mostly epiphyllous, often covering the entire
surface, mycelium dark brown, branching, intricate. Hyphopodia
short, ovate, alternate, uniseptate. Erect hyphae, simple, dark brown,
setaceous, apices entire, 250 x 6 p. Conidia light brown, obovate or
clavate, 3-septate, 27-30 x 4 //, borne on erect, light brown, subhyaline
hyphae. Perithecia black, globose, smooth, 100-125 ft diam. Asci
cylindric-clavate, 39 x 9 pt. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, brown, 4-sep*
tate, 35 x 1 5 p..

On leaves of Mitchella repens, Florida.

M. nidulans, (Sehw.)

Sphceria nidulans, Schw. Syn. Car. 185, Fr. S. M. II, p. 443.
Chcztosphcsria nidulans, Relim Ascom. 287.
Meliola nidulans, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 37.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 192.— Rabh-Winter F. Eur. 3544.— Rav. Fung. Car. I, 50.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, rough, collapsing, black, seated on
a subiculum of black, erect, simple, rigid, bristle-like hairs which form
at first small, orbicular patches, soon confluent and often surrounding
the limb and extending continuously for 2-4 inches. Asci elliptic-
oblong, 2-4-spored, 70-80 x 25-30 p.. Paraphyses stout, branching.
Sporidia oblong, obtuse, 3-septate, (4-septate, Cke.), slightly constricted,

35-50x14-16//, brown.

On living branches of Vaccinium corymbosum, New Jersey to

Florida.

M. Heteromeles, (Cke. & Hark.)

Meliolopsis Heteromeles, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21.
Meliola Heteromeles, Berl. & Vogl. Sacc. Syll. 6243.

Effused, black. Mycelium subcrustaceous, moniliform, branched,
interwoven, mixed with Gapnodium. Perithecia globose, 200 /i diam.,
membranaceous, free. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate.
3- 5 -septate, hyaline, 40 x 8 //.

On leaves of Heteromeles, mixed with Gapnodium Heteromeles.
California.

C. Sporidia muriform, yellowish or brown; mycelium scanty or

obsolete.

M. fenestrate, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 95, Journ. Mycol. I, p. 147.

Perithecia subgregarious, subglobose, black, smooth or clothed
with a few spreading hairs, about 150 jx diam., with a fringe of brown,
spreading, septate hyphae and a circle of short, spreading, mostly in-
curved, black, bristle-like, 40-60 x3 // appendages (entire at the tip)
around the base. Asci evanescent and not seen. Sporidia rather

49

acutely elliptical, brown, 7-8-septate and muriform, 20-27 x 12-14 u
(30-40 x 12 //, Martin).

On scales of pine cones, New Jersey.

CAPNODIUM, Mont.

Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, XI, p. 233.

.Mycelium effused, persistent, forming a black, felt-like coating on
living leaves and limbs. Perithecia vertically elongated, sometime*
branched, generally fimbriate- lacerate at the vertex. Asci obovate or
elongated, 8-spored. Sporidia 4- or more-celled, often with both trans-
verse and longitudinal septa, yellow or yellow-brown.

The members of this genus are but impefectly known ; many of
the so-called species being only mycelium without any ascigerous peri-
thecia, and often without even pycnidial perithecia— sometimes even
without conidia.

A. Asci present; sporidia murifomu
C. salicinum, (A. & S.)

(Plate 10)

Detnatium salicinum, Alb. & Schw. Consp. p. 368.
Fumago vagans, Pers. Myc. Eur. I, p. 9.
Cladosporium fumago, I,k. in L,inn. Spec. Plant.
Tom la fumago, Chevall. Flor. Paris, I, p. 34.
Capnodium salicinum, Mont. 1. c.

Capnodium Spfueroideum, De Lacr. in Rab. F. F,. 352.
C. Citri, B. & Desm. Molds, p. 11.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 352.— Thuemen F. Austr. 169, 435.— Thum. M. U. 1146.— Cke. F. Brit.
2d Ser. 291. — I^inh, Fungi Hung. 358.— Myc. March. 2231.— Vize Micr. Fungi, 100.

Mycelium widely effused, covering the whole surface of the leaves
and young twigs and even the trunk and branches to some extent
Perithecia fleshy, greenish-black, simple or branched, sessile or con-
tracted below, thickened above and opening with a subfimbriate or
lobed orifice (ostiolum). Asci obovate, sessile, 40-60 x 20-2o //, 6-8-
spored. Sporidia crowded, obovate, obtuse at the ends, 3-4-septatc
and often with a longitudinal septum, subconstricted at the septa, dark
brown, 22-26 x 9-13 p.

In the specimens figured on pi. 10, the sporidia were elliptical,
hyaline, 3-septate, one of the cells sometimes divided by a longitudinal
septum, 12-15x4-5 /*, crowded in asci about 60 x 10 //, with abundant
paraphyses. Perithecia subovate, with a short, conical ostiolum.

On Populus tremuloides (limbs) and on Negundo acero
Montana (Kelsey).

Winter, in Die Pilze, gives as probable forms of this species,
C. elongatum, Berk. & Desm., C expansion, Berk. & Desm.. and
C. Persoonii, Berk. & Desm., at least as they are represented in
7

50

Rab. F. Bur, 663. 665 and 677.— Thiiin. F. Austr. 486, 992, 1076,
1166, and Thttm. M. U. 664.

C. grandisporum, E. & M. (in Herb.) (Plate 7)

Mycelium smoky-black, thin, composed of creeping, branching,
multiseptate, nucleate threads. Pycnidial perithecia brown-black,
setaceous, apices enlarged and subentire, 900x35//, containing hyaline,
uniseptate, oval or elliptical sporules 10-1 2 x 2 //. Ascigerous peri-
thecia brown-black, globose, at length depressed-sublentifbrm, (120 p),
with 10-12 straight, brown appendages, 100-120x4 /i. Asci sub-
clavate, 8-spored, 75-120x15-20 [i. Sporidia hyaline, clavate-cylin-
drical or fusoid-oblong, 4-5-nucleate and more or less constricted
between the nuclei, at length distinctly 4-5-septate, 30-45 x 6-7 u,
lying in 3 or 4 series in the asci.

On leaves of Gelsemium sempervirens and Myrica, Florida
(Martin). Whether the subulate, pycnidial perithecia belong to this
is uncertain.

B. Asci unknown; sporidia vnuriform.

C. elongatum, Berk. & Desm. Molds referred to Fmnago, p. 251,
fig. 5 (1849).

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 80.— FH. N. A. F. 1544.

Setose. Perithecia elongated, acuminate, generally simple, fim-
briate at the apex. Sporidia 2-4-septate, finally constricted at the
septa and longitudinally divided.

On leaves of Persica, Smilax, Populus, Liriodendron, Pyrus,
Bignonia, Tussilago, etc.

C. Rhamni, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21.

Maculiform, black. Hyphaa creeping, generally moniliform,
branching, forming a thin stratum. Perithecia erect, cylindrical, at-
tenuated above, 300 x 40 ju, simple, mouth fimbriate. Sporidia ellip-
tical, triseptate, brown, 18-20 x 8 //, one cell divided by a longitudinal
septum. Conidia free, dark, uniseptate, 12x6 a.

On leaves of Phamnus, California. (Not C. rhamnicolum, Rab.)

C. Heteromeles, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21.

Effused, black, subvelutinous. Hyphas densely interwoven, branch-
ing, septate and moniliform. Perithecia ventricose-cylindrical, erect,
rather slender, simple, 200 x 20 //. Sporidia uncertain, apparently
3-septate, muriform, brown, 18x9 ju.

On leaves of Heteromeles. California.

51
C. pelliciilosun, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 156, Journ. Myc. I, p. 98.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 79.— Thum. M. U. 2059.— Ell. N. A. F. 1544.

Mycelium epiphyllous, forming a thin, sooty-colored layer on the
surface of the leaves and consisting of closely septate, brown, subrect-
angularly branched and interwoven threads, 5-8 p thick, with each
cell or joint nucleate, and bearing when well developed, stellately 3-4
parted conidia, much like those of Triposporium, nearly hyaline at
first, becoming brown, each arm 4-5-septate and nucleate, 7-9 p thick
at the base and 50-75 p long, tapering to an obtuse point at the apex.
Pycnidial perithecia growing like thick branches from the sides of the
prostrate threads, membranaceous, of rather coarse, cellular, structure,
oblong or flask-shaped, 75-208 x 30-50 p, apex subobtuse and subfim-
briate, discharging countless, minute, hyaline, oblong sporules 3-4 x
1 p. Sometimes these perithecia are quite globose and formed by the
enlargement of one of the component cells of a thread or hypha. There
are also produced from the mycelium, cylindrical, brown, multiseptate
conidia 70-80 x 6-7 p, like the conidia of Helminthosporium. Ascige-
rous, perithecia 100-150 p diam., with brown, septate appendages
like those of an Erysiphe, 15-25 in number, 75-100 p long. Asci
at first oblong, becoming ellipsoidal, and about 40 x 25 p. Sporidia
crowded, broad fusiform, hyaline, uniseptate at first, becoming 3-sep-
tate at maturity and 15-22 x 4-7 p.

On leaves of Primus Chicasa, South Carolina (Ravenel), and on
leaves of Magnolia glaum, Florida (Martin). The above description
is from the Florida specimens.

The description in Grevillea is very brief, viz. "Threads of the
mycelium erect, trifid at the apex after the fashion of Triposporium.
shorter than the oblong, constricted perithecia."

Whether the Carolina and Florida specimens are the same we
can not positively state.

C. Schweinitzii, Berk. & Desm. 1. c.

Velutinous. Flocci (hyphae) subcylindrical. Perithecia subsim-
ple, elongated, smooth. Sporidia obovate, cellulose-muriform, scarcely
constricted at the septa.

On leaves of herbs, Pennsylvania.

C. Asci unknown; sporidia 2-5-septate*

C. Caroliniense, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 12, fig. 7.

Scattered, setose, mycelium scanty. Perithecia with elongated,
lateral, flask-shaped branches. Sporidia oblong, 2-3-septate.

52

On the lower surface of leaves of Quercus obtusiloba, South Car-
olina (Curtis).

C. expansum, Berk. & Desm. L c. p. 12, %. 8.

Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 664.— Roum. Fungi Gall. 3660.

Widely effused, velutinous. Perithecia conical, short, connate,
often beset with short, moniliform filaments. Sporidia triseptate,
oblong, curved.

On bark of Acer saccharinum var. nigrum, Ohio.
D. Asci unknown; sporidia uniseptate.

C. Fiiligo, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 9, fig. 2.

Mycelium tolerably thick, compact, black, separable from the
matrix. Perithecia conic-cylindrical, roughened with black, floccose
tufts and ostioliform projections. Sporidia rather small, ovate-oblong,
often spuriously uniseptate, subhyaline.

On leaves of Uvaria triloba, generally on the upper side, Ohio,
and on leaves of various herbs, Pennsylvania.

C. Nerii, Rabh. F. Eur. 662, Hedw. 1864, p. 73.

Mycelium moniliform, ramose-reticulate, much like that of C.
Citri. Perithecia elongated, subcorneal. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate.

On leaves and branches of Neriuni Oleander, Florida (Martin).
E. Asci unknown; sporidia (spermatia) ? continuous or unknown.

C. tuba, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21.

Effused, crustaceous, black. Hyphae interwoven, branching, creep-
ing, some septate, others moniliform, forming a thick, deciduous crust.
Perithecia erect, numerous, cylindrical, 120 x 14 //, divided, ciliate
above and expanded in a subinfundibuliform manner, filled with ovate,
continuous, hyaline sporules.

On leaves of Umbellularia, California.

C. axillatum, Cke. Hedw. 1878, p. 40.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 77.— EH. N. A. F. 211 1.

Black, velutinous, situated in the axils of the nerves. Perithecia
elongated, bristle-like, attenuated above, filled with minute, oblong
sporules. Mycelium moniliform.

On leaves of Catalpa cordifolia, California, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania.

C. Citri, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 1 1.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 329.— Thum. M. U. 2243.— Fungi Gall. 1097

Scattered, setose, scarcely adhering. Perithecia elongated, rarely
bifurcate. Mycelium branching, moniliform, beautifully reticulated.
Spermatia minute, oblong, hyaline.

53

On orange leaves, Southern States and California.

Farlow, Bull. Bussey Inst. March, 1876, considers this as only
imperfectly developed Capnodium salicinum. See also Tul. Sel.
Carp. II, p. 283.

C. pomorum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 157.

Mycelium obsolete. Perithecia smooth, variable, ovate-lanceolate,
obovate or forked, pedicellate. Stipe cylindrical, black.
On decaying apples, South Carolina (Ravenel).
C. quercinum, Berk. & Desni. 1. c. p. 11.

Fxsicc. Thum. M. U. 1451?— Rav. F. Am. 78.— M. March. 698.— F. G. 5147.

Compact and thick. Perithecia fasciculate, branched, the outer
stratum separating transversely. Mycelium scanty, scarcely constricted.

On leaves of Quercus obtusiloba, South Carolina (Ravenel).

C. puccinioides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 65.

Perithecia amphigenous, cylindrical, obtuse, 75-80 x 20 /*, hyaline,
becoming opake, erumpent in minute black tufts, which are either
scattered or collected in groups or patches 1-3 mm. across. In the
central portion of these groups the leaf becomes dead, and a whitish,
bare spot is formed, the margin of which is fringed with a black
border of perithecia, the whole presenting the general appearance of
an effused Puccinia. The perithecia on the specimens examined were
entirely sterile.

On living leaves of Frasera speciosa, Pike's Peak, Colo., August,
1887 (Tracy).

Apiosporium and Antennaria, which include mostly only unde-
veloped forms, have been omitted.

SACCARDIA, Cke.

Grev. VII, p. 49.

Mycelium arachnoid, very delicate and evanescent. Perithecia
globose. Asci globose or ovate, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong or ellip-
tical, muriform, hyaline.

S. quercina, Cke. 1. c.

Hypophyllous. Mycelium evanescent. Perithecia scattered or
gregarious, globose, thin- walled, 80-100 p. diam., loosely attached by
a few delicate, spreading, thread-like hyphas at the base. Asci globose
or ovate, about 30 p. diam. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, hyaline, muri-
form, 18-20x8-10//.

On leaves of Quercus virens, Georgia (Ravenel).

S. Martini, Ell. & Sacc. Mich. II, p. 574. (Plate 9)

Fxsicc. F.11. N. A. F. 1289.

Perithecia seated on a mucedinous, evanescent subiculum of inter-

54

woven hyphae, gregarious, superficial, globose-depressed, and finally
umbilicate-collapsing, 100-150 fi% texture minutely angular-parenchy-
matic. Asci fasciculate, oblong-clavate, briefly stipitate, rounded above,
65-70x20-28 pt, without paraphyses. Sporidia 2-3 -seriate, oblong-
cylindrical, slightly curved, hyaline, 3-6-septate, and when fully de-
veloped, with two or more cells divided by a longitudinal septum,
sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, 1 6-25 x 3-6 /Jt. Var. major,
on leaves of Magnolia glauca, has the perithecia and sporidia larger,
the latter 30-40 x 7-8 /jl, and 6-9-septate.

On leaves of Magnolia, Gelsemium semj>ervirens, and Quercus
laurifolia, Florida (Martin), and on leaves of Ilex opaca, Texas
(Ravenei).

LASIOBOTRYS. (Plate 8)

Kunze Mycol. Hefte, II, p. 88.

Perithecia attached to the border of a small, tough-coriaceous,
plano-convex or finally concave, black stroma, superficial, small, brown-
ish, surrounded and nearly hidden by tufts of erect, brown hairs. Asci
cjdindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong, hyaline, becoming uniseptate.

L. Lonicerse, Kunze, 1. c.

Xyloma Xylostei, DC. Syn. p. 99.
Xyloma Lonicertz, Fr. Obs. I, p. 198.
Sphceria ruboidea, Fr. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1817, p. 269.
Lasiobotrys Xylostei, Lk. Handbuch, III, p. 389.
Dothidea LonicercE, Fr. S. M. II, p. 557.
Lasiobotrys affinis, Hark. New Cal. Fungi, p. 22.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rhen. 1749.— Kunze F. Sel. 573.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 668.— Rab. F. E.
1434.— Rehm Asc. 132.— Thum. F. Austr. 1045.— id. M. U. 957.

Stromata flat, convex, becoming concave, small (250-300 ju diam.),
black, shining, usually collected in compact, circular groups scattered
irregularly over the surface of the leaf, or ranged in a circle, with a
vacant space in the center. The margin of each stroma is fringed
with copious, bristle-like, straight, septate, olive-brown hairs 60-130 x
3-4 /i, at the base of which nestle the globose (50 /i) perithecia
astomous and of tough, cellular texture. Asci fasciculate, cylindric-
clavate, 40-50 x 10-12 /^, without paraphyses. Sporidia ovate-oblong,
8-14 x 4-5 //, hyaline, continuous at first, becoming yellow-brown and
uniseptate. The small stromata, after the perithecia have fallen, col-
lapse, and then much resemble a single cupulate perithecium.

On living leaves of Lonicera hispidula^ Tamalpais, California
(Harkness).

As the California fungus differs from the European only in the
yellow-brown, uniseptate sporidia, it seems better to regard it as the

55

mature state of L. Lonicerce instead of making it specifically distinct.
In all the European specc. the sporidia are continuous and hyaline as
represented in PL 8, figs. 8 and 9.

SCORIAS, Fr. (Plate 10)

Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 171, Syst. Mycol. Ill, p. 290.

Mycelium of greenish-black, much branched, rigid, septate hyphae,
enveloped and glued together by an abundant mucilaginous substance,
and forming a loosely compacted, black, rough, spongy mass of con-
siderable extent, more compact on the surface, and bearing an abund-
ance of ovate or pyriform, coriaceous perithecia.

S. spongiosa, (Schw.)

Botrytis (J) spongiosa, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 1311.
Scorias spongiosq, Fr. S. M. Ill, p. 290.
Exsicc. Raw Fung. Car. I. 81.— Rav. F. Am. 334.— EH. N. A. F. 1363.— Rab. F. E.
3052. Thum. M. U. 697.

Perithecia abundant, attached to the fibers of the mycelium, near
their extremities, ovate or pyriform, obtuse or acuminate, 100-120 x
70-80 p., mostly contracted below into a short, thick stipe, coriaceous,
greenish-black, texture subradiate-cellular. Asci narrow obovate-clav-
ate, thick-walled, 40-45x7 \i, 8-spored. Sporidia fusoid, yellowish-
hyaline, 2-seriate, 3-septate, 12-15 x2|-8/^.

On living beech limbs associated with some species of wooly
aphis, or on the ground and on various other things, weeds, grass, <fec,
where the aphides or their droppings have fallen.

PERISP0RIUM, Fr. (Plate 7)

Syst. Orb. Veg. I, p. 161, Syst. Myc. Ill, p. 248.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, carbonaceo-coria-
ceous, opening at length irregularly or with a circular mouth, globose
or depressed-globose, bare and black. Asci clavate, with a long,
slender base. Paraphyses none. Sporidia oblong-cylindrical, 3-sep-
tate, dark brown.

P. vulgare, Cda. Icones, II, fig. 97.

Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1941.— Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser. 289.— Vize. Micr. Fungi 83.

Gregarious, superficial, black and shining. Asci broad-clavate.
with a short, nodose stipe, 35-40x17-19 p.. Sporidia 8, 3-septate,
brown, the two middle cells oblong-cubical, the end cells subcorneal,
28 x 5 p.

On wood, decaying paper and cloth, and various other decaying
materials.

Saccardo in Sylloge I, p. 55, gives the following measurements
from specimens on different hosts, viz. On bark of dead limbs, asci
35-40x17-19 fi, stipe 7-8 /i long, sporidia 28 x 5 fi\ on decaying
paper, asci 80-100 x 18 ti, stipe 20-30 (jl long, spor. 26 x 7-8 fi) on
sheep dung, asci either short-stipitate, 45 x 15-17 ju, stipe 10 fx long,
spor. 25 x 5±-6 ju, or asci 170-190 x 20 /i, stipe 70-100 /jl long, spor.
35 x 6§-7 jl.

The species seems to be common in Europe but, as far as we know,
has not yet been found in this country.

The species figured on plate 7 (P. funiculatum, Preuss.) is from
specimens in Kriegers Saxon Fungi 426, on straw of an old thatched
bee-hive.

P. flmeti, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 157.

Minute, scattered. Asci elliptical. Sporidia oblong or short-
elliptical, numerous, brown.

On rabbits' dung, South Carolina.

"Sporidia brown, 4-celled, rod-shaped, pointed at the ends, not
constricted at the septa, 12|-15 x 2J-3 //." (Farlow in Uteris.)

P. Zese, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 157.

Perithecia seriate, forming short, black lines, and surrounded by
short "villose" hairs. Asci lanceolate. Sporidia short-fusiform, tri-
septate, slightly constricted at the septa.

On Zea Mays, South Carolina.

Dr. Farlow gives the following notes from specc. in Herb. Curtis:

" Asci slightly clavate, averaging 60 x 8-9 fx. Sporidia distichous,
4-celled, brown, acute at the ends, somewhat swollen in the middle,
14-16 x 5-6 fi" He adds that the specimens of " Perisporium Zece,
Desm.," in Rav. Fungi Car. Ill, No. 65, show nothing like Perispo-
rium, and do not resemble P. Zem, B. & C. at all.

P. Wrightii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 157.

Perithecia carbonaceo-menibranaceous, thickly gregarious, in or-
bicular patches 1 cm, or more in diam., rough, seated on a scanty,
inconspicuous, colorless mycelium. Ostiola papilliform, smooth. Asci
ovate or subglobose, 35x40 fi, or 40-50 x 30 fi, 8-spored and without
paraphyses. Sporidia crowded, yellowish, oblong, obtuse, 3-septate,
with a longitudinal septum running through one or more cells, 18-22
x 8-10 jjl, slightly curved.

On stems of Opuntia Macrorrhiza, Texas, (Wright).

Described from specc. in the Curtis Collection (com. Farlow).

P. Caladii, (Schw.) Syn. Car. 316.

This is Sclerotium Caladii, Fr. S. M. II, p. 261.

57

EUROTIUM, Lk.

Spec. Plant. VI, i, p. 79.

Perithecia superficial, globose, astomous, membranaceo-coriaceous.
Asci subspherical or pear-shaped, scattered. Sporidia lens-shaped or
spherical, subhyaline.

E. herbariorum, (Wigg.)- (.Plate 8)

Mucor herbariorum, Wigg. Prim. Flor. Hols. p. in.
Eurotiunt epixylon, Schra. & Kze. Deutschl. Sehwamme. 83.
Eurotiuvi Aspergillus glaucus, de Bary Beitr. Ill, p. 19.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 488.— Thum. F. Austr. 656, 848.— Ell. N. A. F. 383.

Mycelium superficial, loose, at first white, then red or reddish-
yellow. Perithecia globose, sulphur yellow, 75-100 p diain. Asci
spherical or pear-shaped, 12-15 // diam., 8-spored. Sporidia lens-
shaped, with a groove around the edge and the margin on each side
briefly radiate-striate, 8-10 // diam.

On poorly preserved herbarium specimens <fcc, in damp places.

MYRIOCOCCUM, Fr.

Systema Myeologicum II, p. 304

Perithecia globose, membranaceous, subastomous, firm, gregarious,
seated on an interwoven, mucedinous subiculum.

M. Everhartii, Sacc. & Ell. Syll. 1, p. 760. (Plate 9)

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 766.

Perithecia densely gregarious, subglobose, obtuse, astomous.
150-200 n diam. densely clothed with a very thin, pale cinereous,
cottony coat. Texture of the perithecia areolate, thin, membran-
aceous, subrufous. Asci? Spores? conglutinate, globose or angular,
and of various shapes, 8-12 // diam., granular-nucleate, hyaline. Dif-
fers from M. prwcox, Fr. principally in the cottony layer enveloping
the perithecia.

On rotten wood, New Jersey— inside a hollow willow log, Penn-
sylvania (Everhart).

M. consimile, E. & E. Proc. of the Acad, of Arts and Sri. Phila..
July, 1890.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, 80-100 // diam.. carbonaceo-
membranaceous, nearly black, collapsing, pierced with a small round
opening above, the upper half finely radiate-striate. texture close,
finely radiate-cellular, filled with olivaceous, oblong. 4-4^ x 1 \ u
spores, without any evident asci or basidia. The perithecia are en-
veloped in a loose, glauco-cinereous mycelium of the same color and
8

58'

character as in the preceding species from which it differs in its smaller,
subolivaceous spores and smaller, striate perithecia with an apical
opening.

On the basswood bottom and elm hoops of a barrel standing in a
cellar, Newfield, N. J., July, 1889.

It is uncertain whether the perithecia in this genus ever become
aseigerous. v

M. sparsum, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sei. Feb., 1884, p. 42.

Perithecia scattered, yellowish-brown, 170-180 fi diaim, sur-
rounded by a scanty, white subiculum. Spores numerous, unequally
elliptical, hyaline, apiculate at each end, with a large vacuole, 7-9x6 p.

On dead trunks of Acer macrophyllum, between the bark and
wood, Sunol, Cala.

SUBORDER. HYPOCREACEJ].

Simple, or compound. Perithecia subearnose, or coi^iaceo-mem-
branaceous, never carbonaceous, bright-colored (red, yellow, blue etc.),
opening by a subcentral ostiolum. Stroma, when present, soft, waxy-
carnose, or occasionally cottony. Sacc. Syll. II, p. 447.

The Hypocreaceoe form a very extensive and natural group, all
the different members composing it showing an unmistakable relation-
ship easily recognized.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Perithecia sunk in the stroma.
* Stroma erect, sporidia filiform, hyaline.
** Stroma effused, sporidia various, hyaline.

1. Stroma capitate, sclerotigenous.

" clavate, entomogenous.
u " herbicolous.

2. Stroma tubercular, sporidia filiform, fimicolous.

1.

- 3.

Claviceps.

Cordyceps.

Acrospermum.

Selinia.

3.

Stroma suborbicular, flat.
" byssoid.

Parasitic on other fungi.

Growing on wood, bark etc.

Sporidia filiform.
4. Stroma amplexicaul, sporidia filiform.
5.- Stroma valsoid. -
B. Perithecia superficial.

herbicolous. Oomyces.

Poly stigma.
- - Byssonectria.
Hypomyces.
Hypocrea.
Ifypocrella.
Epichloe.
Thyronectr'/a.

59

•***•

Stroma none or scanty, sporidia hyaline, subelliptical. - C>.

6. Perithecia subulate, sporidia appendiculate. Ehutheromyces.
Conidial stroma tubercular, sporidia uniseptate. Nat rid.

capitate M " Sphcerostilbe,

Sporidia 2-or more-septate, - - - UalonectricL

" muriform. .... Pleonectria,

Asci polysporous. - ChUonectria.

Sporidia filiform, fimicolous. .... Ban/a.

xylogenous. . . . Ophion«ctria.

7. Perithecia blue or violet. .... Gibberella.
-8. Perithecia beaked, sporidia brown. - Melanospora,

CLAVICEPS, Tul.

Ann. Sci. Nat. II, 1853, Ser. XX, p. 43.

Stroma erect, consisting of a sterile stem and subglobo&e, fertile
head, growing from a subcylindrical, black, hard sclerotium. Peri-
thecia sunk in the stroma, flask-shaped, Asci clavate-cylindrical.
8-spored. Sporidia filiform, colorless, continuous.

The development of this genus logins in early summer in the
flowers of wheat, rye and various grasses, the mycelium penetrating the
ovary of the affected flower and transforming it by degrees into a soft.
smutty-white substance filled with numerous cavities whose walls are
lined with sterigmata bearing numerous ovate, colorless stylospores.
This soft amorphous body is gradually changed into the cylindrical,
horn-shaped sclerotium (ergot) which falling from the head of grain
and lying on or in the ground through the winter, puts forth in the
following spring, the perfect ascigerous fungus.

€. purpurea (Fr.j

Sphaeria purpurea , Fr. S. M. II, p. 325 (partly)
Claviceps purpurea, Tul. 1. c, Winter Die Pilze, II, p. 146-
Kxsicc. Rab. Herb. Myc. 431.— Thum. F. Austr. 555, 875, 975.— Sehweiz. Krypt 630, 631
Krgr. Fung. Sax. 73, 369, 489, 490.

Sclerotium 1|-2| cm. long, eylindrical-honi-shaped. mostly a
little curved, wrinkled, purplish-black outside, white within. Stm-
mata usually several (seldom only one) from the same sclerotium.
Heads sphaeroid, tuberculose from the prominent perithecia. borne on
short flexuous stems. Asci narrow, linear, 8 spored. Sporidia fili-
form, continuous, attenuated toward each end, hyaline. 50-76 ft long.
Fusarium heterospontm, Nees. and (Hdium abort ifaa'cns, B. and
Br. are considered to be the conidia of this species.

In heads of rye and various other species of the order Grammea*

60

( . microcephala, (Wallr.) (Plate 15?

Kentroiporium microcephalism, Wallr. Beitrage II, tab. 3.
Claviceps microcephala, Winter Die Pilze II, p. 147.
Kxsic'c. Rab. Herb. Myc. 430.— id. F. E. 2667.— Thum. F. Austr. 1087.— id. M. U. 699,
970,998, 1798.— L,inh. Fung. Hung. 69.— Erikss. F. Scand. 93.— Krgr. F. Sax. 126,.
127, 163, 164, 368.— Sydow M. March. 996, 1548, 2599.

Differs from C. purpurea, principally in its smaller size (stem fili-
form, 10-16 mm. long), head globose, rufous, (| mm.), otherwise like
the preceding species. Grows from the ergot of Phraymites communis.
which, however, also produces the first-mentioned species. Both these
may be raised by cultivation of their sclerotia. which may be lightly
covered with earth, kept properly moistened in a flower pot.

CORDYCEPS, Fries.

Syst. Myeol. II, p. 324.

Stroma erect, clavate (mostly), simple or branched, sterile belowr
bearing the perithecia (and often conidia) above. Perithecia buried
or more or less nearly superficial. Asci cylindrical, with 8 filiform,
septate sporidia which finally separate at the septa,

The species of Cordyceps grow for the most part from dead
insects, but some also from fungi (species of Elaphomyces). They
abound in the tropical regions, but are found also in the temperate
zones. Their conidial stage is represented by the various species of
Isaria.

C. entomorrhiza (Dicks.)

Sphaeria entomorrhiza, Dicks. Pi. Cr. Brit. I, p. 22.
Kentrosporium granulatum, Wallr. Beitr. II, p. 166.
Cordiceps entomorrhizus, L,k. Hndbk. Ill, p. 347.
Torrubia entomorrhiza, Tul. Sel. Carp. I, p. 61.
Cordyceps Menesteridis, Mull. & Berk, Gard. Chron. 1878.
Exsice. Rab. F. E- 1218?

Carnose. Head subglobose, golden yellow, becoming darker.
Stipe sul (compressed, 2 inches long, and over. Asci cylindrical.
Sporidia filiform, hyaline, breaking up into cylindrical joints, or sect-
ions, 7-8 p long.

Growing from larva? of insects. Carolina (Ravenel).

C. armeniaca. B. & C. Journ Linn. Soc. I, p. 159, tab. 1, fig. 1.

Apricot-colored, stipe flexuous, rather short, 8 mm. long. Head
sul (globose, rather pale, roughened by the perithecia. Asci elongated,
sul (inflated at the apex. Sporida linear, immature.

On dung of birds, probably from the remains of insects eaten.
Carolina (Ravenel).

61
C. paliistris, Berk. & Br. Linn. Journ. 1. c. fig-. 5.

Carnose-suberose, dark, dirty flesh-colored, stipe cylindrical, bifid,
or fcrifid above, 25-50 mm. long, including the clavate, subcylindrical

head which is roughened by the projecting ostiola. Sporidia filiform,
separating into small (1| fi,) globose joints.

On dead larvae in damp ground, Carolina (Ravenel).

C. stylophora, Berk. & Br. Linn. Journ. 1. c. fig. 3.

Yellow. Stipe slender, 12-18 mm. long, | mm. thick. Head
much elongated, with the surface nearly smooth. Perithecia immersed.

On dead larvae, Carolina (Ravenel).

The specimen in Ravenel's Fungi Car. Exsicc. V, No. 49, has
the slender stem a little over 2 cm. long, the ascigerous part occupy-
ing a medial position, cylindrical, and slightly enlarged, about 8 mm.
long by 1 mm. thick, with a sterile, slender beak, about | cm. long,
being a prolongation of the stipe, but the specimen is apparently imma-
ture, being without asci or sporidia.

C. clavulata, (Schw.) (Plate 15)

Sphceria clavulata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1155.
Torrubia pistillari<zformis, B. & Br. Brit. Fung, 969?
The Syn. "Torrubta cinerea, EU" in Sacc. Syll. rests on some error.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1258.

From specimens collected by Prof. Peck, and distributed in de
Thuemen's Mycotheca Universalis, No. 1258, we have drawn the fol-
lowing-description. Stroma simple, clavate, about 3xJ mm., consist-
ing of a light-cinereous stipe, surmounted by a black, ovate, or elliptical
head, about 1 mm. high and \ mm. thick, roughened by the rounded,
prominent perithecia, which are of coarse cellular structure, and only
imperfectly perforated above. Asci subsessile, broadest in the middle,
contracted above, and rounded at the apex, 80-95 x 8-10 ju. Sporidia
filiform, multiseptate, 40-70 x l|-2 fi, joints 3-5 // long.

On dead scale insects (Lecanium), on living branches of F ra.v-
inus and Prinos, N. Y. (Peck). On branches of Clethra, NewhVM.
N. J., on Carpinus, Canada (Dearness).

In Sacc. Sylloge II, p. 568, the species represented by the above
specimens is made a synonym of C. pistillariceformis, B. & Br., but if
the two species are the same, the name of Schweinitz has priority,
and it is quite certain that the specimens in M. U. 1258, are the gen-
uine C. clavulata Schw.

62

C. Langloisii, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata solitary, simple, capitate, about 3 mm. high. Stipe
about 2 mm. high and 1 mm. thick, round or subcompressed, head
depressed-globose, soft and spongy, about 2 mm. across, white at first,
soon becoming reddish-purple. The perithecia which occupy the
upper convex surface of the head are of a tough membranaceous
texture, ovate-conical, 250-300 (i high and 100-150 p. broad at the
widest part, nearly half the upper part projecting and more deeply
colored. Asci fusoid-linear, 1 80-200 x 2-2 £ /i, attenuated towards
each end. Sporidia filiform, interwoven, nearly as long as the asci.
less than \ p. thick.

On dead larvae of the " mason wasp,'7 near St. Martinsville, La.
(Langlois2295.)

C. militaris (Linn.)

Clavaria militaris, Linn. Sp. Pi. Ed. Ill, torn. II, p. 1652.
Clavaria granulosa, Bull. Champ. 1, p. 199.
Sphczria militaris, Ehr. Beitr. z. Naturkde. torn. Ill, p. 86.
Cordiceps militaris, Lk.Hndbk. Ill, p. 347.

Kentrosporium militare & K. clavatum, Wallr. Beitr. pp. 166 & 167.
Torrubia militaris, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 6.
Cordyceps militaris, Sacc. Syll. 5031.
Exsicc. Plowr. Sph. Brit. 501.— Sydow M. March. 654.— Rab. F. E. 3548.
Roum. F. Gall. 3157.

Stromata solitary, or sometimes several, issuing usually from the
head, but sometimes from the articulations of the pupa, orange-colored,
4-5 cm. high, including the elongated-clavate head, which is 1—1 J cm.
long, and minutely tuberculose from the subcorneal, emergent, orange-
red perithecia. Asci slender, 115-150x4-5 ju, containing eight slend-
er, filiform, closely-jointed sporidia nearly as long as the asci, and break-
ing up into minute, hyaline, subelliptical segments 2-3 // long. The
conidial stage (Isaria farinosa, Fr.) is often met with and resembles
a small white plume of about the same height as the ascigerous stroma
and more or less branched above.

Growing from dead pupae of moths buried just below the surface
of the ground. Massachusetts (Farlow), Carolina (Ravenel), Pennsyl-
vania (Everhart), New York (Peck), New Jersey (Ellis), California
(Harkness), Wisconsin (Trelease) conidial stage.

C. Ravenelii, B. & C. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1, p. 159, tab. 1, fig. 4.

Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, no. 28.

Stroma (stipe) elongated, flexuous, compressed and sulcate when
dry, at first minutely tomentose, finally nearly glabrous, 5 inches or more
high, (see Riley, in American Entomologist, 1880), including the elon-

63

ted-cylindrical head, which is roughened by the superficial, black,
Babhemispherical, large (175-200 p) perithecia. Asci linear-cylin-
drical, 150-2U0 x 7-9 p, slightly narrowed above and rounded at the
apex, containing 8 filiform sporidia nearly as long as the asci, about
2 p thick, and breaking up into joints 3-5 p long. The specimens in
Rav. Fungi Car. Exsicc. IV, No. 28, are 8-10 cm. high, the yellowish-
brown stem about 2 mm. thick, enlarged above, in that part occupied
by the perithecia, to about 3 mm. thick; but the specimens are no
doubt considerably smaller than when fresh.

Growing from dead larvae of the "June beetle " {Lachnostema
fused) and other larvae (?) buried in the ground, Carolina (Ravenel),
Iowa (Bessey), Pennsylvania (Everhart).

Descriptions and good drawings of this and the two preceding
species are given in Journ. N. Y. Microscop. Soc. Vol. I, p. 91, et seq.,
by Rev. J. L. Zabriskie.

C. insignis, Cke. & Rav. Grev. XII, p. 38.

Livid-purple. Stipe straight, 3-4 cm. high, pale, sulcate, equal.
Head subglol)ose or ovate, slightly roughened by the perithecia, which
are minute, crowded, ovate; the punctiform ostiola a little darker,
Asci cylindrical, very long (600 p), erumpent. Somewhat resembles
C. Entomorrhiza, but is larger and more robust. Stem about 4-5 mm,
thick and longitudinally sulcate. Head 1J cm. long and 1 cm. broad.
Sporidia filiform (450 p long), breaking up into segments 12 p long.

On dead larvae buried in the ground, Carolina (Ravenel),

C. herculea, (Schw.)

Spharia fierculea, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1153.

Head large (12 mm. thick), ovate-clavate, obtuse, decurrent on
the attenuate-elongated stem, alutaceous (leather-color), yellow within,
stipe also yellow. Perithecia rather small, concolorous. Height of
the whole fungus, about 1 \ inches (36 mm.)

On the ground, among fragments of decaying wood, Salem, N. C,
(Schweinitz).

A fine specimen of this species has been sent from Ohio by Prof.
A. P. Morgan. When fresh it was about three inches high and half
an inch thick, growing from some dead larva of considerable size.
The fertile head, which occupies about an inch of the upper part of the
stem, leaving a short, rather obtuse, sterile tip, is of a light yellow
color and roughened by the somewhat prominent, closely-packed peri-
thecia, which ' are about 150 /i in diameter, with slightly prominent
ostiola, of a pale, radiate-fibrous structure. Asci 200-225x6-7 p,
gradually attenuated to the base and containing eight filiform sporidia

64

which separate into joints 6-8 x £-1 p, with the ends slightly swollen.
The Ohio specimens are to all outward appearances identical
with the specimen in Herb. Schw.

C. acicularis, Rav. Linn. Journ. 1. c. fig. 2.

Cordyceps Carolinensis, B. & Rav. in Rav Fungi Car. Kxsicc. IV, No. 29.

Stipe slender, elongated, brown. Head cylindrical, with a long,
acuminate, sterile apex. Perithecia superficial, free. Asci very long,
flexuous. Sporidia linear, breaking up into truncate segments about
5 p long.

On larvae buried a little distance below the. surface of the ground,
Carolina (Ravenel).

We have copied the above description from Saccardo's Sylloge
II, p. 574.

The specimens in Rav. Exsicc. have a filiform, flexuous stem, yel-
lowish-brown below, cinereous and attenuated above, 8-10 cm. high,
and (in our copy) entirely sterile.

C. Spirillum, (Tul.) (Plate 15)

Torrubia Sphingum, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 12.
Isaria Sphingum, Schw. Syn. Car. 1298 (conidia).
Cordyceps Spht'ngum, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 321, Cke. Syn. 46.

Stromata numerous, about thirty in the single specimen found,
thread-like, about 5 cm. high and rather less than 1 mm. thick, cine-
reous, nearly smooth and glabrous, or slightly white farinose-tomentose,
bulbous at the base and more or less undulate and bent, especially
below and within the cocoon, which they seem to have penetrated
with some difficulty. Perithecia superficial, cylindric-conical, 200-
225 p high, 125-150 p thick, rounded above, chestnut color. Ostiolum
not prominent. Asci linear-lanceolate, 150-200 x 6-7 //, when young,
with a depressed, conical tip about 4 p wide. Sporidia filiform,
nucleate, about as long as the asci and about 2 p wide, probably
finally separating into joints or segments. The larva from which the
fungus grows is about 3 cm. long and \ cm. thick, and the stipes or
stromata arise from all the segments of the body. Some of the stro-
mata w^ere sparingly branched above.

On a dead larva in its cocoon, attached to a rotten limb lying on
the ground in the swamp, Newfield, N. J.

In Tulasne's figure the fungus is represented as growing from the
perfect insect, and the perithecia are said to be of a pale red color
("pallide rubentia"), but the Newfield specimen does not seem to us
specifically distinct. This species is also reported from Massachusetts
by Dr. Farlow.

€. superficialis, (Pk.)

Torrubia superficialis, Pk. 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 70.
Cordyceps superficialis, Sacc. Syll, 5036, Cke. Syn. 36.

Slender, about one inch high, smooth, brown, the sterile apex
gradually tapering to a point. Perithecia crowded, superficial, sub-
globose, blackish-brown, sometimes collapsed, with a small, papilliform
ostiolum. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia long, slender, filiform. Re-
lated to and intermediate between C. Eavenelii and G. acicularis.
The stem of the plant is about equal in length to the club, or peri-
thecia-bearing part. The perithecia are more loosely placed at the
extremities of the club, thereby giving it a subfusiform shape. The
sporidia are more slender than those of C. acicularis, but the plant
itself is less elongated and slender." We have seen no specimens, and
copy the above from the report cited.

Under hemlock trees, on buried larvae, Northville, N. Y. (Peck).

C. sobolifera, (Berk.)

Sphceria sobolifera, Berk. Hook. H,ond. Journ. Bot. II, p. 207.
Cordyceps sobolifera, Sacc. Syll. 5021, Cke. Syn. 23.

Head 5-8 mm. long, ovate-oblong or tongue -shaped, dotted with
the minute ostiola of the buried perithecia, and a little thicker than
the stipe, which is stout, round, rigid, erect, simple or with rudi-
mentary branches, 15-20 mm. or more in height. Asci cylindrical.
Sporidia separating into linear joints about eight times as long as
broad.

On the larvae of some lamellicorn insects, in the West Indies, and
in Mexico.

Some of the Mexkan specc. were much branched ; instead of the
fertile head, presenting a contracted panicle, or brush-like tuft of
deformed branches. The anterior portion of the affected larvae is
enveloped in a white mold.

B. Myelogenous.
C. ophioglossoides, (Ehr.)

Sptueria ophioglossoides , Ehr. Beitrag, III, p. 88.
Clavaria parasitica, Willd. Fl. Ber. Prod. p. 405.
Clavaria radicosa, Bull. Champ. I, p. 195.
Spfueria radicosa, DC. Fl. Franc. II, p. 283,
Cordiceps ophioglossoides, I,k. Hndbk. Ill, p. 347-
Torrubia ophioglossoides, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 20,
Cordyceps optuoglossoides, Sacc. Syll. 5038, Cke. Syn. 48.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 427.— id. F. Eur. 442.— Rehm. Asc. 471.— Thum. M. U. 569.
Sydow M. March, 280.

Stromata solitary, rarely cespitose, simple or very rarely branched,
flexuous, subcompressed,carnose, yellow within, 8-12 cm. high, 5-8 mm.
9

$6

thick. Head oblong, obtuse or attenuated above, often hollow, rough-
ened by the slightly projecting, densely crowded perithecia, dark
rufous, about 2 cm. long and 6-8 mm. thick. Stem olivaceous, becom-
ing black, sending out from its base, yellow, fibrous rootlets which
embrace the matrix and penetrate the soil for 2 or 3 inches around.
Asci cylindrical, 250-300 x 7-9 fx, 8-spored. Sporidia crowded, fili-
form, 150-180x7-9 ft, multiseptate, at length breaking up into sub-
ellipsoid, yellowish-hyaline joints 3-4x2-3 /i; paraphyses very slender.
Parasitic on Elaphomyces granulatus and E. muricatus, Massa-
chuetts (Farlow), New Jersey (Ellis), Pennsylvania (Everhart).

C. capitata, (Holmsk.)

Clavaria capitata, Holmsk. Otia, t. I, p. 38.
Sphceria agariciformis, Bolt. Fungi of Halifax, III, p. 61.
Sphceria capitata, Pers. Comment, p. 145, Pers. Myc. IJur. tab. 10, figs. 1-4.
Cordiceps capitatus, I,k. Hndbk. Ill, p. 347.
Torrubia capitata, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 22.
Cordyceps capitata, Sacc. Syll. 5039, Cke. Syn. 49.
Kxsicc. Rav. Fung. Car. V, 48. — Sydow M. March. 279.

Stromata cespitose or solitary, simple, 3-8 cm. high. Club, or
head ovoid-sphseroid, roughened by the slightly prominent, ovoid,
densely crowded perithecia, liver-color or reddish-yellow, about 1 cm.
thick. Stipe equal, glabrous, citron-color, or yellow, at length fibrose-
strigose and yellowish-black, 3-4 mm. thick. Asci cylindrical, very
long, 15 fi thick. Sporidia filiform, very long, at length breaking up
into fusoid-elongated, or subbacillary joints, greenish-yellow and 25-
40 x 5-6 p.

Parasitic on Scleroderma, Carolina (Ravenel), and on some tuber-
aceous fungus, Florida (Calkins).

C. Species imperfectly known.

In Curtis' Catalogue, pp. 138 and 139, two other species are men-
tioned, but not described :

Cordyceps gryllotalpce, M. A. C, on buried sand moles.
Cordyceps isarioides, M. A. C, on dead moths.

0. Melolonthse, Tul.

Torrubia Melolonthce, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 12.
Cordyceps Melolonthce, Sacc. Syll. 5044, Cke. Syn. 50.

A figure is given in Silliman's Journ. VIII (1824), tab. IV, rep-
resenting the general appearance of the fungus found in Pennsylvania,
growing from the cervical portion of buried larvae of the "May bug"
(Melolontha), but there are no notes of the asci and sporidia.

I

67
ACROSPERMUM, Tode.

Fung. Meckl. I, p. 8 (partly).

Perithecia vertical, elongated-clavate, sessile or stipitate, carnose
but firm, and of a horn-like texture when dry. Asci filiform, &spored.
Sporidia parallel, filiform, continuous (or jointed in one species).

A. compressum, Tode, Fungi Meckl. I, p. 8, tab. II, fig. 3.

Clavaria herbarum, Pers. Comment. Clav. p. 68, tab. Ill, fig. 4.
Scleroglossum lanceolatum, Pers. (in Moug. Exs.)
Exsicc. Moug. & Nestl. Stirp. Vosg. 671.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 35— id. F. E. 2847.— Kriegr.
F. Sax. 438.— Ell. N. A. F. 1318.— Vize. Micr. Fungi, 107.

Perithecia solitary or subcespitose, sessile, club-shaped, attenuated
above and generally compressed, pale at first, finally dark or olive-
black, shining, smooth at first, becoming longitudinally subsulcate,
1-3 mm. high. Asci filiform, very long (200-400x3-6 //), 8-spored.
Sporidia packed side by side, filiform, pale yellowish-hyaline, 100-300 x
|-1 jw7 paraphyses slender.

On dead herbaceous stems, and culms of grasses, common*

A. viridulum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 161.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 857.

Perithecia scattered, ovate-conical, J-^ mm. high, abruptly con-
tracted below into a short, stipe-like base, obtuse above, greenish-cin-
ereous, subfurfuraceous. Asci linear, 150-200x5-6 fi. Sporidia fili-
form, hyaline or slightly yellowish, about as long as the asci. The
specimens on decaying hickory limbs have the asci narrower (3J-4 //),
but do not appear to differ otherwise.

On decayed herbaceous stems, So. Carolina (Ravenel), on fallen
hickory limbs, and on fallen pear leaves, New Jersey (Ellis), on white
oak leaves, Texas (Ravene.1).

A. Graminum, Lib. Exsicc. Ard. No. 33, Corda Icones, III, p. 27.

Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 776.

Perithecia at first linear, then clavate, often thicker and somewhat
bent in the middle, more or less compressed, often blackish with the
apex lighter, mostly about 1 mm. high by 200-300 fi thick. Asci
cylindrical, with indistinct paraphyses. Sporidia filiform, very slender,
150 x | /*, hyaline, continuous.

On decaying leaves of grasses, N. America (Sacc. in Syll.)

Dr. Rehm in Die Pilze considers this only a var. of A. compression.

A. foliicolum, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 161.

Exsicc. Rav. Car. II, 65.— Rav. F. Am. 734— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2140.

Perithecia erect, clavate, 1-1 1 mm. high, yellowish-chestnut, of

68

coriaceo-membranaceous texture. Asci cylindrical, 300-400 x 4-5 p
with thread-like paraphyses longer than the asci. Sporidia 8 in an
ascus, filiform, continuous, lying parallel.

On dead leaves of Ulmus, Celtis and Vitis, South Carolina, and
on leaves of Smilax, Texas (Ravenel), on leaves of Vitis, New Jersey.

The specimens on leaves of Vitis and Celtis are darker and
smaller than those on Smilax and Ulmus, but do not appear to differ
otherwise.

A. Ravenelii, B. & C. Grev. 1. c.

Perithecia short, nearly cylindrical at first, then clavate, 300-450
fi high, and 70-80 fi thick (while retaining the cylindrical form), be-
coming as much as 150 p. thick when clavate, color quite dark. Asci
180-210 x 3-4 jut, with filiform paraphyses a little longer than the asci.
Sporidia filiform, nearly as long as the asci, separating into joints
12-15 fj. long.

This is a smaller species than A. foliicolum, Berk, from which it
is safely distinguished by its jointed sporidia.

In Rav. F. Am. 735, on leaves of Fraxinus, the specimens in
the copies we have seen are too poor to enable one to decide with cer-
tainty, but as far as can be ascertained, the sporidia are continuous and
if so this No. is referable to A. foliicolum, Berk.

SELINIA, Karst.

Symb. ad Mycol. Fenn. Ill, (1876).

Stromata carnose, at first small, elliptical or tubercular, becoming
confluent, irregular, red, covered with a rusty-red conidial layer.
Perithecia one or at least only a few in each stroma, buried, globose,
pale, carnose, with a thick, conical, prominent ostiolum. Asci elon-
gated-ventricose, containing 4-8 continuous, elliptical, hyaline, spo-
ridia. Paraphyses filiform, septate.

S. pulchra, (Winter).

Hypocreopsis pulchra, Winter in Hedwigia 1875, p. 26.
Winteria pulchra, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 281.
Selinia pulchra, Sacc. Syll. 4586.

Stromata at first small, subcorneal in the center, mostly becoming
confluent and forming a rusty-red crust, the surface of which is over-
spread with a rusty-brown, conidial layer bearing short, cylindrical
conidia. Perithecia buried, globose, about J mm. diam., witli thick,
conical ostiola. Asci ventricose below, narrower above, sessile, 270 x

69

52 fi. Sporidia 4-8, inordinate, elliptical, narrowed at each end, con-
tinuous, smooth, hyaline, 55 x 30 /i.

On dung of cows and sheep.

We have included this species, though not aware that it has been
actually found, as yet, in this country.

00MYCES, B. & Br.

Brit. Fungi No. 590 (1851).

Perithecia included in a common, carnose-membranaceous stroma.
Asci linear. Sporidia filiform, continuous, hyaline.

0. Langloisii, (E. & E.) (Plate 17)

Coscinaria Langloisii, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 88.

Stromata tuberculiform, erumpent, soft, |-J mm. diam., pale
flesh-color or horn-color when fresh, becoming nearly black when dry,
of rather close, membranaceous texture on the surface, softer and
looser within, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, convex above.
Perithecia ovate, minute, with thin, transparent walls, 250-300 p. high,
and 150-200 ju broad, 20-30 in a stroma. Ostiola punctiform, not
prominent. Asci linear, 150-200x5 /i, with filiform paraphyses
branched above. Sporidia filiform, nearly as long as the asci, hyaline,
continuous, 1 p. thick.

On dead stems of Vigna luteola, Louisiana (Langlois).

A more careful examination of this curious production shows no
essential character to separate it from Oomyces to which we now refer
it. By some oversight this was placed on plate 17 with Sordariece,
and the following species on plate 7 with the Perisporiece.

P0LYSTIGMA, De Cand.

Comment. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. Ill, p. 330 (et seq.)

Stroma subcarnose, effused, colored (ochraceous, red or yellow),
phyllogenous. Perithecia immersed. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia ovoid,
continuous, hyaline.

P. rubrum, (Pers.) (Plate 7)

Xyloma rubrum, Pers. Syn. p. 105.
Dothidea rubra, Pers. Fr. S. M. II, p. 553-
Sphceria rubra, Fr. Obs. I, p. 172.

Septoria rubra, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II, t. XIX, p. 342.
Polystigma rubrum, DC. 1. c. p. 337.
Exsicc. Kuuze F. Sel. 271.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 562, 580.— Thum. Fungi Austr. 179, 180.
id. M. U. 973.— M. March. 258.— Briosi & Cav. F. Paras. 12.— Linhart Fungi Hung.
272, &c.

Hypophyllous, suborbicular. slightly convex, 2-4 mm. across,
with an even margin, red, at length darker. Perithecia (cells) small,
immersed, reddish. Ostiola impressed, punctiform, becoming more

70

prominent, Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia ovoid, subobtuse, straight,
subhyaline, 10x6 p. The spermogonial stage is Libertella rubra,
Bon. Spermatia filiform, uncinate, 30 p long.

On living leaves of several species of Prunus (P. domestica, P.
spinosa). Credited to N. America by Sacc. in Syll.

P.(?) Bumelise, (Schw.)

Dothidea Bumelicz, Schw. Syn. N. Am, No. 1884.
Poly stigma Bumelice, Sacc. Syll. 4589, Cke. Syn. 177.

Stroma orbicular, large, | cm. and over, ovate or of somewhat
irregular shape, conspicuous on both sides of the leaf; on the upper
side brick-red, and somewhat shining as if varnished, paler and with-
out any varnished appearance below. Perithecia (cells) few, scattered,
minutely pseudo-ostiolate and subprominent.

Epiphyllous, on living leaves of Bumelia oblongifolia; found in
the Arkansas region by Nuttall.

BYSSONECTRIA, Karsten.

Symb. Mycol. Fenn. VII, p. 6 (1879).

Stroma more or less byssoid. Perithecia subsuperficial, crowded.
Sporidia (in the American species) hyaline. Asci paraphysate.

A. Sporidia continuous.
B. fimeti, (Cke.)

Nectria fimeti ', Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.
By ssonectria fimeti, Sacc. Syll. 4584, Cke. Syn. 349.
Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 646.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, golden-yellow, subglobose,
seated on a byssoid, golden-yellow stroma, bare and glabrous above,
tomentose below, finally collapsing. Asci cylindrical, 160-190 (p. sp.
112-115) x 10-12 p. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, continuous, hya-
line, 15x8 p..

On cow dung, Aiken, S. C. (Ravenel).

B. Sporidia uniseptate.

B. chrysocoma, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XII, p. 101.

Stroma fibrose-byssoid, golden -yellow, effused. Perithecia gre-
garious, minute (100-150 p.), obovate, thin, dark yellow, semiimmersed
in the stroma. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, narrowly
elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, 10x2-2 \ p.

On wood of Eucalyptus, California (Harkness).

B. rosella, Cke. & Hark. Grev. 1. c.

Delicate, effused, with a rose-colored tint. Hyphae creeping, inter-
woven, with the minute, obscure perithecia scattered on it. Conidia

71

lunate, like those of F'usarium, acute at each end, 5-septate, mostly
nodulose and hyaline, 40 x 5-6 //. Unfortunately in an immature
condition.

On dead grass, California (Harkness).

HYPONECTRIA, Sacc.

Syll. IT, p. 455-

Perithecia covered, otherwise as in Nectria.
H. Gossypii, (Schw.)

Sphceria Gossypii, Schw. Syn. Car. 207.

Hyponectria (?) Gossypii, Sacc. Syll. 4582 and Cke. Syn. 542.

Scattered, rather soft, immersed. Perithecia globose, purplish
flesh-color. Ostiolum elongated to the surface and discharging gelat-
inous matter. The minute perithecia are deeply sunk in the substance
of the immature capsules so as not to be visible outwardly, but, through
the elongated ostiola, a gelatinous substance is discharged, which
hardens on the surface of the matrix and gives it a purplish color.
In the mature specimens the surface of the capsules is granulose or
papillose from the subjacent perithecia.

On dead capsules of the cotton plant, So. Carolina (Schweinitz).

We have seen no specimens of this species, but have received
from Prof. F. L. Scribner a Fusarium on capsules of cotton, from
South Carolina, which may be the conidial stage.

HYPOMYCES, Fries.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 382.

Perithecia gregarious, with a cottony stroma in which they are
more or less immersed, mostly parasitic on various Hymenomycetes or
Discomycetes, bright colored, with papilliform or slightly elongated
ostiola. Asci mostly cylindrical, 8-spored, without paraphyses. Spo-
ridia oblong or fusoid, uniseptate, hyaline. Conidial stage represented
by Asterophora, Sepedonium,, Dactylium, Verticillium &c.
A. Sporidia continuous.

H. Van Bruntianus, Ger. Bull. Tom Bot. Club, IV, p. 64.

Perithecia globose, densely crowded, pallid, hygrophanous, im-
mersed, with a short, thick, exserted, obtuse ostiolum; subiculum
white. Sporidia oblong, hyaline, shortly apiculate at the broad end,
subobtuse at the other, 14-16 x 3|-4| p.. Asci cylindrical.

On the pileus, stipe and gills of an unknown Agaric, Pough-
keepsie, N. Y. (Gerard), Iowa (Holway).

72

H. viridis, (A. & S.)

Sphczria viridis, Albt. & Schw. Consp. p< 8,
Hypomyces viridis, Sacc. Syll. 4633.
Sphczria luteo-virens , b. Fries. S. M. II, p. 339.
Hypomyces viridis, Berk. & Br. Brit. Fungi No. 1101.
Hypomyces Iuteo~virens, Plowr. Grev. XI, p. 46.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 586.

Stroma broadly effused, with a dirty yellowish-green tomentum
and sterile margin. Perithecia closely packed, ovoid or sphaeroid,
pale, with their conical apices projecting and becoming dark brown or
black. Asci cylindrical, 170-180 x 5 //, yellowish-hyaline, continuous
or with the endochrome sometimes 2-parted.

On Agaricus alutaceus, Carolina (Ravenel), Pennsylvania (Mich-
ener & Everhart), New England (Sprague).

H. polyporinus, Pk. 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 84.

Hxsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1946.

Perithecia minute, ovate or subcorneal, seated on a pallid subicu-
Ium, smooth, yellowish or pale amber. Asci narrow, linear. Sporidia
fusiform, acuminate at each end, nucleate, 15-18 p. long. The out-
ward appearance is almost exactly the same as that of Hypocrea pal-
lida, E. & E.

On Polyporus versicolor, New York (Peck), New Jersey (Ellis).

H. apiosporus, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 80.

Effused, pale, thin. Perithecia semiimmersed, slightly papillate,
(honey-color when dry). Ostiola indistinct. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored.
Sporidia lanceolate, apiculate above, rounded below, minutely rough-
ened, continuous, yellowish (except the apiculus), 18 x6J p..

On Clavaria pistillaris(?), New York (Gerard).

H. Banningii, Pk. Bot. Gaz. IV, p. 139.

" Subiculum white, then sordid. Perithecia crowded, ovate, with
a papilliform ostiolum, pale amber or honey-color. Asci slender,
cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-fusiform, yellowish in the
mass, 30-38x4-5 jut. On some decaying Agaric, apparently a Lac-
tarius, Baltimore, Md. (Miss Banning). The sporidia in our specimens
are simple, but they may possibly become uniseptate when old."

On Lactarius sp., Pennsylvania (Everhart), sporidia 27-40 x
4-5 p, slightly curved, nucleate.

H. Geoglossi, E. & E. Journ. Mycol, II, p. 73.

Perithecia immersed, subglobose (75-80 //), subangular from
mutual pressure. Ostiola papilliform, black. Asci clavate- cylindrical,

73

subsessile, yellowish, 7-5-80x6-7 /i, containing eight crowded. sub-
biseriate, clavate-oblong, continuous, hyaline, 6-8x2J-3 // sporidia.
The subiculum appears to be obsolete, the perithecia being immersed
in the hymenium of the host. As no notes were taken from the fresh
specimens, the color of the perithecia can not be certainly stated, but
in the dry specimens they are nearly or quite black.

On Geoglossum hirsutism,, Newheld, N. J. Occupying the
greater part of the hymenium of the host, the proper fruit of which is
mostly suppressed.

H. xylophilus, Pk. Bull. Tor. Bot. Club, XI, p. 28.

Subiculum effused, whitish. Perithecia numerous, crowded, small,
yellowish, with a blunt ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 80-1 12 x 6-7 £ pu
Sporidia continuous, uniseriate, subfusiform, 15-17x5-6 //.

On decaying wood, Ohio (Morgan).

H. hyalinus, (Schw.)

Sphczria hyalina, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 35.

Effused, thin, glabrous, hyaline-fuscous, roughened with the crowd-
ed, dark-colored ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptic-
fusoid, 15-20x4^-5 p, uniseriate, continuous, greenish-hyaline, graine
lar-roughened, and minutely apiculate at each end.

On Russula fattens, Carolina (Schw.), on some Agaric. Pennsyl-
vania (Everhart), Connecticut (Thaxter).

B. Sporidia uniseptate,

H. lateritius, (Fr.)

* Spfueria lateritia, Fr. S. M. II, p. 33&

Hypocrea lateritia, Fr. Summa. Veg. Sc. p. 383.

Hypomyces lateritius, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV, torn. XII, p. n, flow. Guv
XI, p. 41, tab. 148.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 317.— Thum. M. U. 2164.

The mycelium forms a dense, white, felt-like stratum, which
finally becomes more compact and of a pale brick color. Perithecia
spherical or subovate, abundant, sunk in the stroma, except theii
slightly prominent, smooth, brownish ostiola. Asci cylindrical. 200-
250 fi long, spore-bearing part 112x6-7 [i. Sporidia uniseriate. ejon-
gated-fusiform, uniseptate, acuminate at each end. yellowish-hyaline.
l8-20x4-4J jut.

On the hymenium of several species of Lactarius, Srw England
(Murray & Sprague), on Lactartu* Indigo, Carolina (Ravenel
Lactarius sp. Potsdam, N, Y. (Ellis).
10

u

H. aurantius. (Per>.

Sphceria aurantia. Pers. S\-n. p
Spheeria aurea. Grew Scot. Cr. PI tab. 47.

■ ia aurantia, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 388.
Hypomyces aurantius Tul. Sel. Carp III. p. 43, Plowr. Grew XI. p. 44. tab. 150.
Exsicc Rab. F. E 13S — Thum. M. U. 1747-

Peritliecia gregarious, sabgphaeroid, 300 a diam., their apices pro-
jecting from the effused, orange-colored subicnlnm. Asci cylindrical,
8-spored, 110-140x6 p. Sporidia uniseriate. Tmiseptate. nisoid. with
the endi subapieulate. slightly curved, nearly smooth. 15-24x5-6 tu,
hyaline. The white mold. Diplocladium minus, Bod.. is said to h»*
its conidial stage.

On Stereum and on the under side of logs. Carolina (Ravenel).

H. Lactiflnoruni. i.Schw... . Plate 11 j

Spfueria Lactifluorum, Schw. Syn Car. No. 34.
Hypomyces Lactifluorum, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 63.
Exsicc. Rav. Car 1. 54 —id. V. 64.— Ell. X A F. 467.

In the affected specimens of Lactarius, the gills arc entirely ob-
literated, so that the hymenium of the Agaric presents an even, orange-
colored surface in which the subglobose peritliecia are thickly bedded,
with Only their slightly prominent reddish ostiola visible. Asci long
and slender. Sporidia uniseriate. fusiform, straight or slightly carved,
rough, hyaline, uniseptate. cuspidate-pointed at the ends. 30-3s x6-8 u
The general appearance is much the same as that of the preceding
species, but the sporidia are larger, rough and warted and the felt-like
mycelium is wanting. In decay, the color changes to a purplish red.

On L<i*t'ifiiis. especially L. ptperatus. Carolina. (Ravenel),
Pennsylvania (Everhart), New Jersey (Ellis).

H. rosellus. <A. & S.)

Spfueria rosella, A. & S. Consp. p
Xectria Albertini, Berk. Brit. Fungi. 971.

ria rosella. Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 388.
Hypomyces rosellus, Tul. Sel. Carp. III. |
Exsicc. Thum. M. D. 1953.— Fckl. F Rh. 9S7. —Plowr Sph. Brit. 204.— Roum. F. Gall.
1273.— Krgr. F. Sax. 228.

Mycelium lax. effuse, consisting of loosely-woven threads, at first
white and bearing conidia (Tricothecium agaricinum, Bon.), then
deep rose-color or nearly blood-red. Peritliecia deep rose-red. sub-
spherical or ovoid, of variable size, buried in the stroma, except the
projecting, rather obtuse, papilliform ostiola. Asci linear. 150x6-7 fi,
with eight uniseriate. narrowly lanceolate, apiculate. straight or slight-
ly carved, hyaline. 22-37x5-7 a sporidia nucleate or spuriously 1-3-

te and often subinequilateral.

75

various decaying Ringi and on leaves and rubbish near where
fungi have decayed. Pennsylvania (MichenerA Ever hart), Plainfield,
N. J. (Meschutt).

Dr. C. B. Plowright, in his valuable monograph of tliis genus in
Grevillea, Vol XI, says: "There are two varieties of this species,
one with larger, pointed perithecia, as figured by Greville and by Ah
Itertini cv Schweinitz; the other, with smaller and more obtuse perithe-
oia. The sporidia van a good deal in size, as does the color of the
subiculum, which is sometimes nearly absent. Sometimes it is almost
white, but mostly rose colored, with a whitish margin." The specimens
from Mr Meschutt were on decaying leaves, forming little patches |-1
cm. across.

H. ochraceus, (Pers.)

Sphezria ochracea, Pers. Syn. p. is

Cryptospharia aurantia Grev. Scot. Cr. Pi. tab. 78.

Uypomyces armeniacus, Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. IV, Ser. torn. 2i.Hl, p 12.

Hypomyces ochraceus, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 41, Plover. Grev. XI, p. 45.

Perithecia crowded, subglobose, yellowish, immersed, with a short,
thick, obtuse, exserted ostiolum. Subiculum (Verticillium agaricin*
um, Cda.) at first white, then straw-colored, ochraceous and yellow,
Asei cylindrical, 25-30x6^ /i, containing eight oblong-lanceolate, uni-
septate, constricted, 35 x6| fi sporidia, which are mucronate at each
end.

On decaying Agaricua, Pennsylvania (Michener).

H. asterophorus, Tul. Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 55 (partly), Plowr. Grev,
XI, p. 6, tab. 147.

Perithecia originating in an effused, byssoid stroma, in which they
are thickly strewn, ovoid or sphaeroid, narrowed above into a more or
less elongated neck, with an acute, pervious, ciliate ostiolum, pale yellow-
ish-brown, subhyaline, 150 fi high by 70-90 /< broad. Asci broadly
ovate, abruptly attenuated below. 40-50x18-20 /i, containing 4-6
narrowly lanceolate, slightly curved, mucronate at each end. uniseptate,
subhyaline, then dirty-yellow, 25-35x5 fi sporidia.

Parasitic on Nyctalis, Carolina (Ravenel),

Dr. Plowright, in his monograph already cited, says: "The perithe
cia of this species of Uypomyces differ considerably from those of the
other members of the genus. They are formed of very large polygonal
cells and originate from the intertwining of the dilated and convo-
luted bases of the conidia-bearing hypha? that compose the stroma.
These (the perithecia) are most frequently found upon the inside of the
stem of the Nyctalis. but they are by no means of common occurrence*"

76

H. insignis, B. & €. Fiwgj of Mexico, No. 6, p. 424.

Hypomyces trans/or mans, Pk. 39th Rep, N. Y. State Mus. p. 57.

Mycelium red, effused. Perithecia oblong,- more deeply colored.
Sporidia fusiform, apiculate at each end, 37 // long, spuriously l-septater
hyaline. On the hymenium and pileus of Cantharellus, which it cov-
ers with a red stratum and obliterates the gills. In Mexico, near
Orizaba (Botteri).

The above is from Saccardo's Sylloge, Vol. II, p. 472.

The following is Peck's description of his H. transformans.

Subiculum effused, variable in color, pallid, golden-yellow, oehra-
ceous or brick-red. Perithecia ovate or subglobose, papillate, sunk in
the subiculum. Ostiola prominent, obtuse, amber or orange. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia fusiform, apiculate at each end, somewhat rough,
continuous or rarely with the endochrome obscurely divided, colorless,
33-38 li long.

On Cantherellus cibarius which it transforms into an irregular
mass.

We have what appears to be the same, on Cantharellus cibarius,
from Massachusetts (S. J. Harkness) and from Pennsylvania (Everhart).
C. species riot well known.

H. tegillum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 15.

"Perithecia ovate, rufous-brown, scattered over a continuous, white
mycelium, like thin parchment." On pine, Carolina (Ravenel).

H. flavescens, (Schw.), Grev. XII, p. 80.

Perithecia gregarious, distinct, globose-ovate, papillate, whitish,
covered with a villose coat that finally disappears, seated on a milk-
white, broadly effused, pubescent subiculum ; asci cylindrical. Sporidia
narrowly elliptical, hyaline (uniseptate) ? On hymenium of some resu-
pinate Polyporus. Pennsylvania (Schweinitz).

H. paimosus, (Schw.), Grev. XII, p. 80.

Stroma effused, whitish, shaggy, thin, margin fimbriate-cottony.
Perithecia semi-immersed, pale, with dark-colored, punctiform ostiola.
Asci cylindrical; sporidia (?) On rotten wood, Ex. Herb. Schw.

The descriptions of this and the preceding species are taken from
Grevillea 1. c. and were, apparently, made from specimens in Herb.
Berkeley. They are not in Schw. Synopsis N. Am. The H. pannosus
here described is said to be a different thing from the Sphceria pan-
it osa, Fr.

In the next two species, the fructification is unknown.

77
H. tubericola, (Schw.

Sphczria tubericola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1192.
Hypomyces tubericola, Cke. Syn. 335.

Effused, thin, brown-black, margin scarcely determinate. Peri-
thecia at first subimmersed, finally erumpent ('-omnino prominulis"),
brown-black, rugose-tuberculate, minute, subcorneal, densely crowded,
at length collapsing. The interior of the perithecia is said to be en-
tirely similar to that of the preceding species, i. e. H. Lactifluorum, etc.

On an old "White Tuber" infesting the outer bark. Found at
Pocono, Pa. (Schw.)

H. boleticola, (Schw.)

Sphczria boleticola Schw. Syn N. Am. No. 1494.
Hypomyces boleticola, Cke, Syn. 336.

Allied to H. aurantius (Pers.), but distinguished by its paler color,
by the character of the subiculum (stroma) and shape of the perithecia.
Subiculum effused, interrupted, of loose texture, with irregular spaces
("plagis irregularibus"), pale orange with the margin whitening out
Perithecia only partially immersed, conic-ovate, more or less scattered,
at first colored like the stroma, at length orange-red, rather soft, pap-
illate, easily separating from the stroma, leaving small cavities ; con-
tents of perithecia very white, at length oozing out and remaining at-
tached to the ostiola, like a white villous pubescence.

Found but seldom on very much decayed Polyporus cilrinus,
at Bethlehem, Pa.

H. toraentosus, Fr. Berkeley, Notices of N. Am. Fungi, in Grevillea
IV, p. 15.

Of this species, but little appears to be known. It is stated by
Cooke, in Grevillea XII, p. 80, that the asci are cylindrical and the
sporidia lanceolate, mucronate at each end, uniseptate, hyaline and
42-60 x 6-7 f±. Found on some Agaric.

Mycogone cervina Ditra., which is found on Helvetia and on
various decaying Pezizas and Asterophora Pezizm, Cda., on P. hem-
ispherica, both of which are found here, are, with several similar molds^
regarded as the conidial stage of different species of Hypomyces, of
which the ascigerous stage has not yet been found.

HYPOCREA, Fr.

Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 383 (in part.)

Stroma fleshy, pulvinate, hemispherical or effused, sometimes re-
duced to a mere membrane or to a loose felt-like stratum. Perithecia

78

ovate-globose, mostly only partly sunk in the stroma. Asci cylindrical,
8-spored. Sporidia (typically) two-celled, the two cells which are gen-
erally spherical, soon separating so that the ascus appears to contain
16 sporidia.

A. Sporidia hyaline, stroma subptdvinate.
H. riifa (Pers.)

Sphczria rufa, Pers. Obs. I. p. 20.
Hypocrea rufa, Fr. Summ. Veg. Sc. p, 383.
Cyttaria rufa, Bon. Abhandl. der Mycol. 1864, p. 166.
Kxsicc. Ell. N. A. K. 157 and EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1552, (issued as H. gel-
atinosa, Tode.

Stromata gregarious, superficial, subhemispherical, elliptical, or
irregular in shape, mostly J-l cm. diam., convex when fresh, con-
tracted and rugose when dry, nearly brick-colored, punctulate from
the slightly projecting ostiola, whitish within. Asci cylindrical, nearly
sessile, 65-75x4-5 //, with 8 uniseriate, didymous sporidia, composed
of two subequal, hyaline, subglobose, or subcubical cells, each 3-4 // in
diam.

On dead limbs of Andromeda ligustrina, Newfield, N. J., on de-
caying wood and on old Polyporus, Carolina (Ravenel), also on decay-
ing wood and bark from various localities. Probably found through-
out the U. S.

H. lenta (Tode).

Sphceria lenta, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 30.
Hypocrea lenta, B. & Br. Fungi of Ceylon, no. 992.

"Stromata gregarious, 2-3 lin., broad, thick, margin repand, disk
nearly plain, partially free from the matrix. Perithecia minute, glo-
bose; immersed, ostiola punctate, minute."

The only specimen of this species in our possession was sent from
California by Dr. Harkness and is on wood of fir (Herb. Hark. 3496).
In this specimen the stromata. are \-\ cm. in diam., nearly round,
central portion adnate, leaving a narrow, free margin closely applied
to the surface of the wood. The pale, globose, carnose-membranaceous,
peripheric perithecia (200-220 fi in diam.) lie in a single layer, their
ostiola very prominent and distinctly roughening the surface of the
dirty-black stroma. Asci cylindrical, 80-100x5-6 //, without paraph-
yses, containing 8 two-celled sporidia, each cell subcubical, or nearly
globose and 4-4 J ti in diam. or slightly ovoid, 4-5 x3| jut.

79
H. Schweinitzii, (Fr.)

Sphceria Sahweinitzii ', Fr. Elench. II, p. 60.
Sphceria contorta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1224.
HyPocrea contorta, B. & C. Grev. Ill, p. 14.
Sphceria rigens, Fr. 1. c.

Sphczria lenta, Schw. Car. no. 28. (non Tode).
Hypocrea rufa, forma umbrina, Sacc. F. Ven. IV, p. 24.
Hypocrea Schweinitzii, Sacc. Syll. 4840.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 156. — Rav. F. Am. 642. — Sacc.M. V. 124.

Stroma as in the preceding species, except that the central act-
uate portion is smaller, and, in well-grown specimens, the margin is
distinctly undulate and sublobate. Perithecia immersed, globose, or
subovate (150 y), scarcely roughening the surface, which is merely
punctate from the minute, slightly prominent ostiola. Asci cylindric-
al, 60-65 x 3§ /i, without paraphyses, containing 8 two-celled sporidia
composed of two globose, hyaline cells, 3-3 \ y in diam., and readily
separable. On bark and wood, common.

In the above synonyms we have included Sphceria riyens Fr.
(Sacc. Syll. II, p. 523) which is said to differ from H. Schweinitzii in
its smaller and more regularly-shaped stroma, with the perithecia con-
lined mostly to the central portion of the disc and by its habitat on
bare wood, and not on bark. The stroma is also said to be of a dark-
er color, without any olive or greenish shade. We are inclined to
think that these points of distinction are due to imperfect development
and are not of specific value, and we have examined many specimens,
as the species (as represented in N. A F. and Rav. F. Am.) is very
common, both around Newfield and West Chester. We have also re-
peatedly received from Carolina, Florida and Louisiana, specimens
of what is evidently the same as the "Hypocrea contorta" N. A. F.
156, but never anything that we could refer to the " Hypocrea, rigens,
(Fr.)" as distinct from H. Schweinitzii.

H. chionea. E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata gregarious, pulvinate, subhemispherical, 1-2 mm. diam.,
snow-white, dotted with the minute, punctate, horn-colored ostiola.
Perithecia ovate, minute, horn-colored. Asci about 60x3 y. Sporidia
8 in an ascus, hyaline, two-celled, each cell 2J-3 y diam.

On decaying, decorticated wood. London, Canada (Dearness).

Differs from H lactea, Fr. in its pulvinate stroma.

H. lati-zonata, Pk.

Subiculum dirty-white, forming a broad (J-j cm.) band around
the outside of the cups of the Cyathus, thickly punctate with the
dark-brown, slightly prominent ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 75-80 x 3£-
4 y, containing eight didymous sporidia, the cells separable, subglobose,

80

hyaline and 3-3 \ ll in diam. A very curious species sent from Ohio,
under the above name, by Prof. A. P. Morgan.
Parasitic on Oyathvs striatum, Hoff.

H. armeniaca, B. &C. Grew IV, p. 15.

"Forming a thin, apricot-colored stratum which, when barren,
looks like Corticium ochroleucum, at length fertile. Perithecia super-
ficial, scattered, of a deeper tint." The sporidia (in Grev. XII, p. 78)
are said to be 4 ti diam.

Specimens found at Newfield, N. J., on bark of dead Magnolia
glauca have been doubtfully referred to this species. The stroma is
of a rather loose, membranaceous-byssoid nature, thin and dull or
dirty-white, extending more or less continuously for several inches and
soon covered with a more or less compact layer of apricot-colored peri-
thecia which in drying shrink away from each other and leave the
hymenium more or less cracked. Asci cylindrical, about 15x4/2,
containing 8 didymous, hyaline sporidia which separate into two sub-
globose or subovate cells 3-3 1 /x in their longer diameter.

H. ochroleiica, B. & Rav. Grev. 1. c.

" Effused, thin, ochroleucous, seated on a pale mycelium, with a
barren border, often cracked when old." The cells of the sporidia
are said by Cooke, in Grev. 1. c, to be 6 /i diam., hyaline.

On Myrica cerifera, Carolina (Ravenel).

H. scutellseforiiiis, B. & Rav. in Rav. Fungi Car., IV, No. 31.

Stromata scutellate, centrally attached, margin free and, in the
larger specimens, undulate and sublobate, 1-2 mm. across, convex,
nearly smooth, only slightly punctate from the scarcely prominent
ostiola, color dull red. Cells of the sporidia subglobose, 3-4 it diam.
Our knowledge of this species is derived from the specimen cited, in
which the asci had disappeared, but the globose cells of the sporidia
were abundant.

On bark of Acer rubrum, Carolina (Ravenel).

H. patella, C & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 57.

"Fleshy, patellate, discoid, 1-2 lines broad, pale ochraceous.
Asci cylindrical. Sporidia globose, sixteen, hyaline, 3-4 ti diam. Re-
sembles, externally, some species of Helotium."

On decaying wood, New York (Peck).

H. minima, Sacc. & Ell. Mich. II, p. 570.

Stromata scattered, superficial, pulvinate, discoid, olivaceous, be-
coming nearly black when dry, hardly 1 mm. in diam., minutely punct-

81

date from the slightly prominent ostiola, texture finely cellular, dark-
olivaceous. Asci cylindrical, without paraphyses, 75x3|-4 //, sub-
sessile, containing 8 didymous, hyaline sporidia composed of two
glohose-cuboidal cells about 3 ±-4 fx and readily separating.
On bark of dead Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

H. olivacea, C. & E. Grev. II, p. 92.

Stromata scattered, consisting at first, of patches of thin white
tomentum j-1 cm. diam., becoming carnose and subpulvinate and of
an olive-yellow shade, at length dark olive or nearly black, and punc-
tate from the slightly prominent ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 65-75 x
3 j-4 fi, contracted below into a substipitate base, and containing 8
two-celled, hyaline sporidia, the cells nearly globose, about 3 li diam.
and readily separating.

On decaying pine wood, Newfield, N. J. What appears to be
the same was found on decaying bark of Sassafras lying on the ground.

H. Stereorum, Schw.

Sphceria Stereorum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1183.
Hypocrea Stereorum, (Schw.) Cke. Syn. No. y2.

" Undulate-confluent, applanate, margin sublobate, surface plicate,
subpulvinate, flesh-color, becoming brown; when young, covered with
a white tomentum and then more distinctly pulvinate, sometimes soli-
tary, but generally confluent in elongated strips in the folds of the
matrix ; substance quite soft, but not gelatinous; surface granular from
the prominent perithecia, which are distinctly ostiolate and not immersed
in the whitish subjacent stroma; seminal dust (sporidia) copious. Often
confluent for an inch in length, the separate, cushion-like stromata 3-4
lin. broad; margin partially free."

On Stereum, fasciatum, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), on Poly poms
Gurtisii South Carolina (Ravenel).

We have seen no specimens, and copy the above description from
Schw. Cooke, in Grev. XII. p. 78, says the cells of the didymous
sporidia are subglobose and hyaline.

H. fungicola, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 204.

Hypocrea Karsteniana, Niessl. in Rehm's Asc. 678.

Stroma irregularly effused, incrusting, even, waxy, tolerably thick.
3-12 cm. in extent, but sometimes interrupted and shorter. At first
white farinose with a floccose margin, finally citron- or lemon-yellow,
pale inside, thickly punctate from the rather prominent ostiola. Peri-
thecia sunk in the stroma, crowded, ovate, pale. Asci cylindrical.
11

82

briefly stipitate, 60-75 /i long (p. sp.), 4-5 (i thick. Sporidia 8 in an
ascus, uniseriate, composed of two similar, ovate, hyaline cells about
4Jx3J /i.

On old Polyporus, Ohio (Morgan).

H. polyporoidea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 15.

"Fawn-colored. Perithecia free, torn entose, with a naked ostiolum,
seated on a pale crust, here and there elevated and thinner towards
the margin. A very curious species." Cooke, in Grev. 1. c, gives
the hyaline, subglobose cells of the sporidia as 5 fi in diam.

H. sulphiirea (Schw.)

Sphczria sulphurea, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 122 l.

"Rather thin, subcarnose, at length horn-like in texture (when
dried), the thin, partially free margin variously lobed, sulphur-color,
white within. Perithecia crowded, globose-depressed, immersed, dirty-
yellow. Ostiola concolorous, papillate, situated in little pit-like de-
pressions of the otherwise smooth surface. On bark; rare; separable
when fresh, subrotund, \\ inches across." In Grev. 1. c, the globose
cells of the hyaline sporidia are said to be 5 /i in diam.

H. pallida, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 65, and Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. July, 1890, p. 245.

Perithecia pale horn-color, subglobose (250 /i), immersed in a
rather scanty, loose, white tomentose mycelium (stroma), which over-
spreads the surface of the pores and covers the sides of the perithecia
themselves, leaving their apices and papilliform ostiola bare. Asci
cylindrical, 65-75 x4-4| /i, containing eight oblong-elliptical, 2-celled,
hyaline sporidia, the cells subcubical or nearly globose, 3 fi diam. and
readily separating. The upper part of the perithecium collapses when
dry, and, in old or weather-beaten specimens, the tomentose stroma
disappears, leaving the perithecia sessile on the pores. We have seen
no specimens of H. polyporoidea, B. & C., but our species will be
distinct from that, in the absence of any crust-like stroma and in its
smaller sporidia. It was first found in October, 1880, and again in
October, 1886.

Parasitic on decaying Polyporus ccesius, Newfield, N. J.

Specimens found by Dr. Macoun in Prince Edward's Island, on
Pol. chioneus, Fr., agree perfectly with the Newfield specimens, only
there is an orange-colored mycelium which stains the Polyporus within
of a fine, light yellow.

B3
H. melalehca, E. & E. Proc. Phila. Acad. .July, 1890.

Subiculum membranaceous, thin, white, covered except the mar-
gin with a single layer of minute (110-130 ;i), slate-colored perithecia
filled with globose sporidia? (or perhaps stylospores, as no asci were

seen).

This seems to be a distinct species, but requires farther observa-
tion with more perfectly developed specimens. Seems different from
H. oliimcea, C. & E.

H. corticiicola, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 140, (Plate 11)

Perithecia globose, pale, 75-100 fi diam., buried in the stroma
and visible under the lens as horn-colored specks. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 20-22 x3| ft, sessile, without paraphyses. Sporidia bi-
seriate, eight in an ascus, each consisting of two globose, hyaline cells,
easily separating and 1-1 £ u diam. (mostly 1 ft or a little over). This is
closely allied to H. hypomycdla, Sacc. Mich. 1, p. 302, Syll. II, p. 529.
but differs in its asci and sporidia being only about half as large as in
that species.

Parasitic on Corticium scutellare, B. <fe C.,or some closely allied
species, on dead limbs of Magnolia and oak, Newfield, N. J.

H. subcarnea, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 114.

Perithecia carnose. pale, minute (80 /*), buried and barely visible
under the lens as minute specks, giving the surface of the Corticium
a punctate appearance. Asci subcylindrical, sessile, without paraph-
yses, 30-35x5-7 ft. Sporidia uniseriate or partly biseriate above
subhyaline (with a yellowish tint), oblong-elliptical, 1-2-nucleate.
3J-4Jx2-2| fi. Outwardly this scarcely differs from H. corticiicola.
E. <fc E., but the sporidia are very different, much like those of //. con-
similis, Ell., from which, however, it is quite distinct.

Parasitic on some thin Corticium. on dead limbs of Lonicera
lying on the ground, Newfield, N. J.

H. hictea, Fr. Summa. Veg. Scand. p. 383.

" Carnose, broadly effused, bare, milk white, ostiola punctifonn.
Asci cylindrical, 56x4 /i, subequal cells of the didymous, hyaline
sporidia, globose, 3 fi diam." In Sacc. Syll. II, p. 529, the species is

credited to North America. We have seen no specimens. The habitat
is given as on rotten wood, on Polypon/s medulla-pants and on the
ground.

84-

H. viridirufa, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 14.

"Subglobose, congested, or conflQent, greenish-rufous. Ostiola
impressed. Sporidia oblong, with two nuclei."

On dead alders, South Carolina (Ravenel).

In Grevillea XI, p. 129, this is referred to Hypoxylon, but if the
specimen of H. rufo-viridis, B. & Rav., in Rav. Car. fasc. V. No. 53,
is the same as H. viridi-rufa, B. & Rav*., in Grev. 1. c, the stroma is
not carbonaceous (as it should be in Hypoxylon), but carnose. The
specimen referred to is, in our copy, without fruit — apparently im-
mature.

H. solenostoma, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 14.

" Subglobose, pale rufous, rather irregular. Ostiola cylindrical,
elongated. Sporidia globose, 4 /i diam."

On decaying Pachyma cocox, Schw., Carolina.

B. Stroma pulrinate, sporidia colored.

H. gelatinosa (Tode).

Sphczria gelatinosa, Tode. Fungi Meckl. II, pp. 48 & 49.
Hypocrea gelatinosa, Fr. Sumra. Veg. Scand. p. 382.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 2163

Stromata gregarious, superficial, pulvinate, or subhemispherical.
carnose, soft, punctate from the slightly prominent ostiola, l|-3 mm.
in diam. at first with a thin, light-colored tomentum at the base, pale,
becoming yellowish or at length greenish, whitish within, subrugose,
and partially collapsing when dry. Asci cylindrical, contracted into
a short pedicel at the base, 80-90 x 3J-4J p, 8-spored. Sporidia com-
posed of two unequal cells, the upper nearly spherical (4 //), the lower
ellipsoid, or ovoid, (3 p.), yellowish. Probably common throughout.
Var. viridis (Tode) is reported by Peck on maple chips, New York
State.

On rotten wood (Carya cfec), South Carolina (Ravenel), Penn-
sylvania (Everhart), Connecticut (Thaxter). The stroma is at first of
a yellowish-horn-color, becoming dirty-yellowish and dusted with the
greenish sporidia (brownish-yellow under the microscope).

H. chlorospora, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 14.

Stromata small, greenish-black, nearly round, sessile, convex,
(1-1 \ fx), roughened by the rather prominent ostiola, Asci narrow-cylin-
drical, about 75x4 /i, with eight two-celled sporidia, each cell subcu-
bical or nearly globose, of an olivaceous color and 3-3| /i in diam.

On decaying bark. Newfield, N. J. also reported from New York.

85
H. chromosperma, C. & P. 29th. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 57.

-Fleshy, soft, convex, orbicular, 1-2 lines broad, flattened and
patellate when dry, whitish or watery tan-color. Ostiola slightly prom-
inent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia quadrate-globose, brownish when
mature, 4-5 ft"

On decaying wood, Buffalo and Greenbush, N. Y.

H. ceramica, E, & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma convex 1-2 mm. diam. round, pale brick-red, (white inside),
wrinkled when dry and finally dusted with the greenish sporidia as
in the preceding species. The first appearance is a speck of white
tomentum which soon shows the brick-red color in the center and re-
mains for some time around the base of the stromata and more or less
effused on the matrix. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 55-60x4 p. Sporidia
two-celled, the upper cell subquadrate-globose, about 4 fi diam., the
lower mostly ovate 4-4 £ x 3-3 \fi, brownish.

On bark of decaying limbs of Juniperus, Connecticut (Thaxter).

H. rufa has the stroma of the same color but has hyaline sporidia.
H. gelatinosa has about the same sporidia but the color of the stro-
ma is different as it also is in H. chlorospora (black or at least
dark.) H. scutellceformis has the stroma of a deeper red and smooth,
with a thin, free margin.

C. Stroma effused, sporidia hyaline.

H. citrina, (Pers.)

Sphceria citrina, Pers. Syn. p. 18.
Hypocrea citrina, Fr. Summ. Veg. Sc. p. 185.
Fxsicc, Rab. F. E. 629.— Rehm Asc. 677.

Stroma effused, thin, carnose, lemon-yellow, punctate from the
rather prominent ostiola, forming a thin crust overspreading decay ii 12
wood and bark, or sometimes decaying leaves and mosses for several
inches or even a foot in extent. Perithecia entirely sunk in the stroma,
crowded, spherical, yellowish. Asci cylindrical, yellowish, 80-90x5-
6 /i. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, two-celled, the cells soon separating, the
upper one spherical 4J fx diam., the lower one ovate, about 5 x 4 j ft.

Common throughout the U. S. and Canada.

H. tremellicola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia ovate, minute, 100-115 /i diam., sunk in the thin, cin-
ereous-white, byssoid-crustaceous stroma which forms a continuous lay-
er on the matrix, the margin at first byssoid and loose but soon smooth

86

and subcrustaceotis or nearly vanishing. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. about
75x5 ft. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, hyaline, 1-2-nucleate (becom-
ing uniseptatc), 7-8 x 3 //.

Parasitic on Tremetta albida, Ohio Morgan,- 894
The perforated apices of the perithecia jnst visible give the sur-
face of the stroma a minutely punctate appearance.

D. Stroma discoid. Sporidia continuous, hyaline.

H. consimilis, Ell. Grew XII, p. 79. (Plate 11)

Exsicc. EH, N. A. F., 158.

Stroma orbicular or elliptical, convex, 2-3 mm. across, brick-red,
wrinkled, carnose. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 60-70x4 /1. Sporidia
uniseriate, hyaline, 10-12x3^-4 fi.

On dead Azalea viscosa, Newfield, N. J.

H. Richardsoni, Berk. & Mont. Grev. IY, p. 14.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F., 1329.

Discoid-tubercular, scattered or gregarious, dull purplish-red, cen-
trally attached, \ cm. across, deeply wrinkled, margin sublobate and
free, whitish within. In Grevillea 1. c, Berkeley states that the asci
are clavate and the sporidia elliptical, and that it was first found in
one of the Arctic expeditions by Sir J. Richardson. All the speci-
mens we have seen are entirely sterile, like those in N. A. F., 1329.
T ubercularia pezizoidea, Schw., is said to be the same. Its range
appears to be northward from Maine to Wisconsin and west to Colo-
rado and Utah.

On bark of dead poplar.
E. Stroma pidvinate or effused, sporidia fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate.

H. apiculata, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 57.

" Fleshy, soft, growing in irregular patches, smooth, ochraceous,
inclining to orange, the extreme margin barren. Asci cylindrical.
Sporidia fusiform with an apiculus at each end, uniseptate, colorless.
27-37 x7i-10/r\

On the ground and on rocks, Catskill mountains, New York
(Peck).

H. papyraeea, Ell. & Hoi. Jotira. Mycol. II, p. $6.

Stroma membranaceous, thin, separable, 2-3 cm. across, white
with a yellow, sub9terile margin. Perithecia superficial, fawn-colored,
small (150 //), thickly scattered on the stroma. Asci slender, about
75 x3 fi, (spore-bearing pail about 60//), without paraphyses. Spor-

87

idia fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate, 8-10x2|-3 //, readily separating at
the septum. The yellow margin may be only accidental. This differs
from 77. corticioides, B. & Br., in its larger sporidia and different
color.

Under side of an old log, Decorah, Iowa (Hoi way), Ohio ( Morgan).

H. citrinella, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 108. (Plate 11)

Stromata scattered or subconfluent, minute (1-2 mm.), thin-pul-
vinate, bright lemon-color, atro-punc tate from the minute ostiola. Ami'
slender, 100-120x5-6 it. Sporidia fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate, uni-
seriate, 12-14 x 3 J fi.

On dead twigs and limbs of Vaccinium corymbosum not yet
fallen and not much decayed.

In the original description, the true character of the sporidia was
overlooked, the specimens first found being rather old and the cell- «>t
the sporidia separated.

H. lichenoides, (Tode.) (Plate 1 1 )

Acrospermum lichenoides, Tode Fungi Meckl. I, p. 9.
Sphceria riccioidea, Bolt. Fungi Halifax IV, p. 174.
Hypocrea par melioides, Mont. Syll. 210.
Hypocreopsis riccioidea, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 221, 251.
Hypocrea digitata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 42.

Stromata carnose, yellowish, digitate, radiating from a central
point and dividing into numerous (2 mm. diam.) semicylindrical, finger-
like lobes, closely appressed to and surrounding the matrix and ex-
tending longitudinally for about 5 cm. The rounded ends and the
sides of the lobes are sterile, the perithecia being found only on the
upper or outer surface; perithecia immersed, their position being indi-
cated only by prominent but minute black ostiola. Asci cylindrical,
80-90 [i long. Sporidia uniseriate, ends mostly overlapping, hyaline,
uniseptate, oblong or narrow-elliptical, often subinequilateral, 20-26 x
6-8 ft. The stroma is like the fingers of a hand clasping the limb.

On a dead limb, White mountains, X. H. (Miss Minns).
F. Sporidia continuous] brown.

H. bicolor, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 58.

Stromata gregarious or crowded, convex, suborbicular. dull cinere-
ous, becoming dull black, attached as in //. Schwetnitziii¥T,i which
when mature it much resembles. Perithecia peripherical. globose,
about J mm. diameter, buried in the stroma, which is of a dull
white color within and has the surface minutely roughened by the
punctiform ostiola, Asci cylindrical, 70x5 fi. Sporidia uniseriate

88

Or crowded above, elliptical, continuous, smoky-brown, about 5 x 2| ft.

On a decaying elm log, Manhattan, Kansas (Kellennan <fc Swin-
gle).

G. sporidia uniseptate, brown.

H. cubispora, Ell. & Hoi. Journ. Mycol. 1, p. 4.

Stroma obconic-tuberculiform, subplicate below, about 1 cm. high,
lemon-yellow within and without, surface minutely punctate with the
black ostiola. Perithecia peripherical, globose, about 250 p. diam , con-
tents black. Asci cylindrical, containing eight cubical or oblong-trun-
cate, dark-olive or brownish-black, 2-nucleate, 4-7 x 3-4 p. sporidia,
some of which are obscurely uniseptate.

On a decaying log, Iowa.

H. sporidia 3-septate, yellowish or brown .
H. chlorina, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 49.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 342.

Flattened, discoid, elliptical or elongated, 1-2 mm. diarn., clay-
colored (bright- yellow within). Perithecia immersed, brown, ostiola
blackish, punctiform. Asci clavate, spore-bearing part about 75 x 15 /i,
surrounded with abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate,
narrow-elliptical, endochrome three times divided, yellowish (becom-
ing brown?), 20-25 x 8-9 ji. On bark of hickory, Darien, Ga. The
stroma is of about the same color as the bark, flatter than in the pre-
ceeding species, but of about the same color.

I. Stroma erect.

H. Petersii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 13.

" At first sight this looks like an Agaric invested with some Hy-
pomyces, but the fructification is exactly that of a Hypocrea, Stem
irregular, dilated upwards, about an inch high. Head orbicular,
irregular, rufous. Perithecia both on the under and upper sides.
Sporidia globose in linear asci."

Found in Alabama, by Hon. J. M. Peters.

There can be but little doubt that the stipe and agariciform head
are a real Agaric on which the Hypocrea is parasitic.

H. alutacea (Pers.)

Sphcsria alutacea, Pers. Comment. Clavar. p. 12.
SphcBria clavata, Sow. Brit. Fungi tab. II, fig. 159.
Cordiceps alutaceus, Lk. Hndbk. de Gewachse III, p. 374.
Hypocrea alutacea, Tul. Sel. Carp. I, p. 62. Winter Die Pilze II, p. 142.
EJxsicc. Rab. F. E. 132, 246.

89

"Perithecia immersed, obtusely papillate and at length Bubpromi-
nent, 200-225 /j, diam. Asci cylindrical, 56x4 fi. Sporidia didy-
mous, upper cell globose (4 //), lower cell subovate, 4x 3 jjl, hyaline."

Specc. on bark of decaying (maple?) limb on the ground, New-
field, N. J., have (stroma?) 2 cm. high, clavate, leather-color. Only
two specimens were found, and those were immature, so that the fruc-
tification could not be made out, though the surface of the club wrae
finely punctate from the ostiola of the immersed perithecia. Accord-
ing to Tulasne & Broome, the club-shaped body, on the upper part of
which the perithecia are borne, is not a true stroma, but either
Clavaria ligula or Spathularia flavida bearing 4he Hypocrea as a
parasite.

The following species are imperfectly described:

H. atramentosa, B. & C. Journ. Linn. Soc. X, p. 377.

"Forming a thin, black stratum on the under side of the leavi
grasses in Cuba, and of Andropogon in Alabama. Perithecia globose
and, with the ostiola, immersed. Sporidia filiform. (See p. 91).

H. parasitans, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 15. " Minute, pallid, subcllip-
tical, sometimes winding around the teeth. Sporidia globose, rather
large." On Hydnum erinacewm, South Carolina.

H. subviridis, B. & C. 1. c, "Effused. Perithecia pale dull green,
tomentose, crowded, seated on a white mycelium. A curious species."

On dead grass leaves, South Carolina.

H. sterilior, (Schw.)

Sphczria sterilior, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1188. Hypocrea sterilior, Cke. Syn. 168.

Substance at first very soft; broadly effused, applanate. surface
longitudinally striate, flesh-color, becoming light yellow when dry.
Hie margin is very delicate, cottony, with interwoven fibers with
which the whole surface appears lightly covered. Texture carnoee,
becoming horn-like when dry. Perithecia few, scattered.

On leaves, &c, Carolina (Schw.). Stroma about an inch in cir-
cumference, and two lines thick.

H. sublobata, (Schw.)

SphcEria sublobata, Schw. S. N. A. 1225. Hypocrea sublobata, Cke. Syn. 169.

Scutellate, small, slightly attached, margin obtuse, lohate-repand.
black, then subolivaceous; surface flat, rugulosc. Perithecia suhperi-
pherical, in a single layer, becoming yellow, immersed in the light
yellow stroma, which is about 3 lines in diameter. Ostiola impiv

On bark of Platamis, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

H. molliuscula, (Schw.)

Spharia molliuscula, Schw. Fr. El. II, p. 66. Hypocrea molhuscula, LVc -

<)0

u Minute (1 line across), round, plano-convex. Perithecia small,
entirely hidden, connate, surface of the stroma roughened by the
ostiola, pruinose, sooty black. On rotten wood, Pennsylvania."

Hypovrea Ravenelii, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 14, Rav. Car. V, 51,
Diatrype lateritia, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot, Club, IX, p. 19, "Hypoxylon
myriangioides, B. & C," in Ell. N. A. F. 471, are all Melogramma
Bulliardi, Tul. Roumeguere, in his Fungi Gallici, 1174, has issued
the same thing as Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.).

HYPOCRELLA, Sacc.

Syll. II, p. 579-

Stroma subcarnose, pulvinate, disciform or effused, bright colored
or dark. Perithecia more or less perfectly buried in the stroma. Asci
cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia filiform, nearly as long as the asci,
frequently separating into short sections or joints.

H. tuberiformis, (B. & Rav.)

Hypocrea tuberiformis, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 13.

Hypocrella tuberiformis, Atkinson, Bot. Gaz. XVI, p. 282, pi. XXV, figs. 1-6.

Stroma subglobose, 1 cm. or more diam., entire, lobed or divided,
fastened to the leaf by a mycelium of whitish, radiating threads. At
first thickly covered with erect, fertile hyphae 35^0x2-3 /j, bearing
oval or broadly fusoid, inequilateral, hyaline, continuous conidia 7-10 x
3J-4 pt. When mature, a section shows three different colored strata ;
the inner white, the intermediate one light ochre, and the outer one
cinnamon. Perithecia sessile, or only their rounded bases immersed,
subcylindrical, a little broader in the middle, cinnamon-color, 3-20 or
more together, 1 mm. long, J mm. broad, frequently branched, the
bases of 2-3 joined, and the cavities confluent below. Asci very large.
450-750 x 14 /£, tapering to a slender point below, more gradually
towards the truncated apex. Sporidia linear, hyaline, pluriguttulate
and pluriseptate, rounded at the ends and separating at the septa.

On Arundinaria, Carolina (Ravenel), Alabama (Atkinson).

H. phyllogena, Mont. Syll. 71 1.

Stroma pulvinate, hemispherical, base constricted and orange-
colored. Perithecia peripherical, erect, ovate and, with the punctiform
ostiola, bright purple, sunk in the upper part of the stroma, which is
of the same color. Asci linear with the apex cap-shaped or obtusely
conical. Sporidia linear, curved, finally breaking up into segments
16-18 x 2 fi.

On living leaves of Gentaurea speciosa, Cayenne, South America.

We have included this species, which will, not improbably, yet be
found in Southern Florida or Mexico.

H. Hypoxylon, (Pk.)

Dothidea vorax, D. alramentaria and D. pilulcrformh, B. & C. Grev. IV, p
Epichloe Hypoxylon, Pk. 27th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 108.
Hypocrea atramentosa, B. & C. Journ. I^inn. Soc. X, p. 377?
Hypocrella Hypoxylon, Sacc. Syll. 5069.
Exsice. EH. N. A. F. 683.

Stroma effused, thin, grayish at first, becoming black, white in-
side, continuous or interrupted, extending along the upper surface of
the leaf or enveloping the culm for 2 or more cm. in length. Perithecia
small, crowded, semiemergent, with papilliform ostiola. Asci narrow,
linear, 100-120x5-6 pu Sporidia filiform, multinucleate, hyaline
nearly as long as the asci and about 1 // thick.

On- culms and leaves of living grasses, from Canada to Carolina
and Louisiana.

Var. pilulmformis, B. <fe C, has the stroma tubercular or other
wise irregular. Ephelis borealis, E. & E., Journ, My col. I, p. si\. \s
only the stylosporous stage of this species.

EPICHLOE, Fr.

Summ. Veg. Seand. p 381

Stroma effused, at first pale and conidiophorous, at length lemon
yellow, subcarnose, surrounding the culms like a sheath. Perithecia
immersed, with the ostiola scarcely prominent. Asci with 8 filiform
sporidia.

E. typhina, (Pers.) (Plate 15)

SphcEria typhina, Pers. Icon, et Descr. I, p. 21

Polystigma typhinum, De Cand. 1. c. p. 338.

Dothidea typhina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 553.

Epichloe typhina, Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV, t. XIII, p. 18.

Stromatosphceria^ Grev., Typhodium, L,k. in Fr. S. M. Ill, p. 362.
Exsiec. Kz. F. Sel. 344.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 578.— id. F. E. 54*. 2237— Rehm A-

Thum. F. Austr. 254.— id. M. U. 1065.— Schweiz. Cr. in.— Sydow M- M. 65.— F.ll. &
Kvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1553.

Stroma pale, thin, surrounding the sheaths and included culms of
living grasses, Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomemta (and Qun x. fide
Peck), extending longitudinally for 2-5 cm., and bearing in the early
stage of growth, small (4-5x3 p), ovoid, hyaline conidia (Sphai
typhina, Sacc), finally covered with a layer of semiimmersed.
carnose-membranaceous, yellow perithecia. with somewhat prominent
ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 150-230x7-9 ta, slightly narrowed above,
with the apex truncate and capped with a subhemispherical, hyaline
crest, Sporidia 8 in an ascus, filiform, yellowish, multinucleate and
nearly as long as the asci.

92

The species is common in Europe, and appears also to be widely
diffused in this country. It is reported from Carolina to Pennsylvania
and Iowa, and from Northern New York and Canada*

THYRONECTRIA, Sacc.

Grev. IV, p. 21, and Mich. I, p. 325.

Stroma valsiform or linear, covered by the bark and only partially
erumpent. Perithecia monostichous, subcarnose, reddish, but covered
with a yellow-furfuraceous coat, except the short ostiola. Asci 8-spored,
paraphysate. Sporidia oblong, muriform, hyaline or subhyaline, or
at least in one American species, brown.

Th. Xanthoxyli, (Pk.)

Valsa Xantkoxyli, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 49.
Fenestella Xanthoxyli, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 332.

Pustules slightly prominent, with a yellowish-furfuraceous, lanceo-
late disk, which is dotted by the black ostiola. Perithecia 2-15 in a
stroma, rarely single, fragile, pale outside, reddish inside, small (about
\ mm.), subcircinate, enclosed in the slightly altered substance of the
bark, with a tawny-yellowish, floccose-tomentose substance surrounding
them and filling the spaces between them, attenuated above into slen-
der necks, with the short, black, obtuse, papilliform, then narrowly
perforated ostiola erumpent in the light, sulphur-yellow, elongated
disk which bursts through longitudinal cracks in the bark, but does
not rise above it. Asci oblong-clavate, p. sp. 65-75 x 12-15 jul, sub-
sessile, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, yellowish, oblong-
cylindrical, obtuse, slightly curved, faintly 3-5-septate and muriform,
18-22x6-9 fi. The septa are very faint, and in many cases scarcely
visible. The ostiola are at first covered with a greenish-yellow powder.

On dead limbs of Xanthoxylum Americanum, Troy, N. Y. (Peck).

This is very near Th. Patavina, Sacc, but seems to differ in its
5-septate sporidia and ostiola united in a disk.

Th. virens, Hark, (in Herb.)

Perithecia cespitose, seated on the surface of the inner bark,
bursting through and surrounded by the upturned epidermis, in com-
pact clusters of 5-12, globose, J mm. diam., clothed with a dense,
greenish-yellow, tomentose-furfuraceous coat. Ostiolum papilliform,
black, tardily appearing. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 100-110 (p. sp. 70-
75) x 12-15 fi] paraphyses evanescent. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
cylindrical, obtuse, curved, hyaline, 6-7 -septate and muriform, 18-
22 x 6-8 ix.

93

On dead limbs of fthus, California (Harkness), Connecticut
(Thaxter), on dead ash, Canada (Dearness).

Var. chrysogramma (Thyronectria chrysogramma, E. & E. in
Proc. Phil. Acad. 1. c. p. 245), on bark of dead elm limbs, Potsdam,
X. Y. (Ellis), Missouri (Demetrio), and Kansas (Kellerman), differs
from the type in its larger, brown sporidia, larger asci and more or
less scattered perithecia.

ELEUTHEROMYCES, Fckl.

Symb. p. 183.

Perithecia superficial, gregarious, subulate, attenuated above from
an ovate-cylindrical base. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia ellip-
tical, with a bristle-like appendage at each end, hyaline.

E. subulatus, (Tode.)

Spheeria subulata, Tode. Fung. Meckl. II, p. 44.
Spheeronema subulatum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 536.
Eleutheromyces subulatus, Fckl. Symb. p. 183.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Myc. 662.— id. F. E. 1334.

(Plate 14)

Perithecia mostly thickly gregarious, but sometimes scattered,
superficial, gradually attenuated upwards from the base. |-1^ mm.
high, yellowish, translucent, soft, becoming hard and brownish. Asci
cylindrical, with a stipe-like base, 8-spored, 48-52 x 2J-3 p.. Sporidia
uniseriate, elliptical, acute at the ends and prolonged into a bristle-
like appendage, hyaline, 4-6 x \\ ji.

On dried up and decaying Agarics, Massachusetts and New York.

NECTRIA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 387.

Perithecia free, cespitose, on a tuberculiform, carnose, conidial
stroma (Tubercularia), or scattered without any definite stroma, car-
nose-membranaceous, mostly bright colored, (red &c), smooth, sub-
villose, squamulose, &c. Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, mostly with-
out paraphyses. Sporidia oblong or elliptical, hyaline, tmiseptate.
A. Perithecia cespitose.

N. cinnabarina, (Tode.)

Spheeria cinnabarina, Tode. Fung. Meckl. II, p. 9.
Spheeria decolorans, Pers. Syn. p. 49.

Spheeria pezizoidea, a. rubrofusca, DC. Flor. Franc, tom. VI, p. 125.
Cucurbitaria cinnabarina, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Flor. tom. III. tab. CXXXV
Nectria cinnabarina, Fr. Sunim. Veg. Scand. p. 388.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Myc. 633.— Rab. F. E- 324, 1631.— Rehm Asc. 184, 282, 635.— Thum F
Austr. 1050, 1052.— M. March. 347, 348, 349-

94

Perithecia densely cespitose, bright red, becoming darker, rough,
with a papilliform ostiolum, seated on a pulvinate, tuberculiform,
fleshy stroma (Tubercularia vulgaris Tode). Asci clavate-cylindrical,
subattenuated above, 70-90 x 8-11 p. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong,
obtuse at the ends, straight or slightly curved, uniseptate, hyaline,
mostly 12-15x5-7 p.

On dead limbs of almost every kind of deciduous trees, common
and variable.

N. Sambuci, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p.
246.

Cespitose on a tubercular base {Tubercularia Sambuci, Cda.)
Perithecia 4-12 on a stroma, ovate-globose, pruinose, pale red, about
J mm. diam., strongly collapsed above when dry. Ostiolum papilli-
form, finely fimbriate. Asci oblong-clavate, 50-60 x 6-7 p (p. sp.),
without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uniseptate, straight
or slightly curved, hyaline, 12-20 x 3-4| p. The Tubercularia has
allantoid, hyaline conidia 6-8 x l|-2 p, on basidia 35-40 p long,
branched above. This is, according to the specimens in De Thiimen's
Mycotheca and in Roumeguere's Fungi Gallici, the T. Sambuci, Cda.

On Sambucus Canadensis, Lincoln, Nebraska (Webber)

Possibly a var. of N. cinnabarina.

N. pithoides, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890, p. 247.

Densely cespitose, forming suborbicular tufts 1 J— 2J mm. diam.
Perithecia ovate, dark red, about 200 p diam.., muriculate-roughened,
collapsing above so as to appear slightly truncate and slightly concave,
appearing in profile like small jars. Ostiolum papilliform, only
slightly prominent. Asci cylindrical, 75-80x5 p. Paraphyses not
seen. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, 2-nucleate, becoming
uniseptate, 6-10 x 3-3 \ p, smoky -hyaline. The perithecia are seated
on a convex, yellow stroma, 50-100 together, and when young are
clothed with a few short, white, glandular hairs. Nearly allied to
N. microspora, C. & E. which has less numerous, paler red, smoother,
more irregularly collapsed perithecia. The specific name from Greek
pithos a barrel.

On dead alders, British Columbia, May, 1889 (Macoun, 122).

N. Russellii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 45.

" Cespitose, red, inclining to brown. Ostiolum papilliform, at
length sunk from collapsing. Sporidia cymbiform, uniseptate, 15-20 p
long. On elm, New England, Russell)." Var. Magnolim, Sacc.

95

differs somewhat from the type in its shorter (10-11 x 5-6 u.) sporidia
slightly constricted, with the lower cell a little narrower, and the peri-
tbecia at length collapsing.

On bark of Magnolia, South Carolina (Ravenel).

N. offuscata, B. & €. Grev. IV, p. 45.

" Cespitose, dingy, dark brown-red, minutely granulated, ostiolum
depressed. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, about one-fourth
as broad as long; externally resembling N. Russellii. On Hibiscus
Syriacus, South Carolina.7'

N. coccinea, (Pers.)

Sphceria coccinea, Pers. Syn. p. 49.
Neciria coccinea, Fr. Sutnra. Veg. Scand. p. 368.
Exsicc. Rab. F. F- 924, 1630.— Thum. M. U. 1063, 1850.— FH. N. A. F. 161.— Plowr. F. Br. S.
Sacc. M. V. 1482.— Rav. F. Am. 737. — Roum. F. G. 272, &c.

Perithecia cespitose, ovoid, smooth, bright red, papilliform, about
200 (I diam., usually not collapsing, seated on a yellowish, slightly
erumpent stroma, which is often nearly obsolete. Asci subcylindrical.
80-95 x 6-7 fi. Sporidia uniseriate, uniseptate, hyaline or nearly so,
scarcely constricted, rather acutely elliptical, 12-15 x 4-5 p (12-16 x
5-7 /Jt, Sacc.)

On bark of various deciduous trees, common.

N. muscivora, Berk, in Rav. Fung. Car. I, p. 57.

Nectria subcoccinea, Sacc. & FU. Mich. II, p. 570.
Nectria muscivora, B. & Br. Brit. Fungi No. 608?
Fxsicc. Rav. Fung. Car. I, 57.— Ell. N. A. F. 1333.

Perithecia mostly cespitose, bright red, subovate, more or less
collapsing, small (200 jx diam.), seated mostly around the margin of
the small, pale, tuberculiform stroma, which, together with its group
of perithecia, is mostly less than 1 mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, 75 \
8-10 p.. Sporidia uniseriate, narrow-elliptical, 14-16 x 6-7 ti. yellow-
ish-'subhy aline, becoming uniseptate.

On bark of living alder, West Chester, Pa. (Everhart & Haines).

Distinguished from ' N. coccinea by its broader, more obtuse, yel-
lowish sporidia and its more distinctly superficial stroma, which, in
some cases at least, seems to arise from the remains of dead scale
insects which are abundant on the bark.

The above description is from the Pennsylvania specimens of
N. subcoccinea, S. & E., which are the same as the specimens of iV.
muscivora, Berk, cited, which is presumably the same as fif. musci-
vora, B. & Br., in Cooke's Handbk. No. 2364, though neither the

Pennsylvania specimens nor those in Rav. Car. show anything of the
"white lanose patches 2 in. or more in diameter."

N. diploa, B. & C. Journ. Linn. Soc. X, p. 378.

Perithecia cespitose, minute, ovate, subfurfuraceous, at length col-
lapsing, light red, parasitic on some erumpent Valsa f Asci subsessile,
oblong-cylindrical, about 65 x 10 /i. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate,
oblong-elliptical, endochrome finally divided in the middle, 20-25 x
9-11 ju, hyaline or nearly so. In some of the asci, the sporidia are
partially biseriate and somewhat smaller.

On bark of alder, South Carolina (Ravenel).

The description here given is from an examination of the speci-
mens in Rav. Fungi Caroliniani, III, 55. In these specimens the
nuclei have disappeared and the underlying (Valsa?) is so completely
covered by the perithecia of the Nectria as to be easily overlooked.
Differs from the preceding species in its more compactly clustered and
less prominent perithecia, and its larger sporidia.

Var. diminuta, Grew IV, p. 46, is (sec. Cooke) a Calonectria
with 3-septate sporidia, See p. 114 of this work.

N. verrucosa, (Schw.) (Plate 12)

Sphceria verrucosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am, 1401.
Sphceria dematiosa, Schw. 1. c. 1424 (?)
Nectria verrucosa, Sacc. Syll. 479.
Fxsicc. Rav. F. Car. I, 52.— Ell. & Fvrht. n. A. F. 2d Ser. 2371.

Perithecia cespitose, globose, about J mm. diam., verrucose-
roughened, light brick-red, becoming much darker and finally collaps-
ing above, more or less distinctly clothed with weak, short, rudi-
mentary, hyaline, glandular hairs, seated on an orange-red, concave or
depressed stroma (Tubercularia), forming groups 1-2 mm. diam., at
length more or less deciduous. Asci oblong-cylindrical, with a short,
substipitate base, 60-70 x 10-12 ju. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uni-
septate, 12-18x4-5 p.. The stroma, as in most other Nectrias, is
finally hidden and partially obliterated by the perithecia.

Common on Morus and Sassafras, Pennsylvania (Schweinitz),
on Morus, Melia, etc., South Carolina (Ravenel), and on Morus, New
Jersey (Ellis).

Differs from N. cinnabarina in its concave, scarcely prominent
stroma, the peculiar roughening of the perithecia, and in its shorter
asci, and mostly narrower sporidia. N. coccinea has the perithecia
nearly smooth, or when dry, slightly furfuraceous.

9?
N. ochroleiica, (Schw.)

SphcEria ochroleuca, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 141S.
Nectria ochroteuca, Berk, in Grev. IV, p. 16.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 773.

Stroma granulose-byssoid, subpulvinate and nearly white at first,
becoming firmer and yellowish. Perithecia 3-15 on a stroma, ovate-
globose, dull yellowish-white, mostly less than § mm. diam., surface
densely furfuraceo-squamulose, except at the apex, around the rather
darker, slightly depressed, papilliform ostiolum, where the edge of the
squamulose coat forms a miniature crown or wreath, giving the apex
of the perithelium the appearance of the blossom end of an apple.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 45-55 x 10-12 fi. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
fiisoid, uniseptate, 12-16 x 4-5 ji.

On limbs of various deciduous trees, Carolina and Pennsylvania
(Schweinitz), on dead limbs of Laurus Benzoin, West Chester,
Pa. (Everhart).

N. rubicarpa, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 50., Journ. Myc. II, p. 79.

Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 337.— Ell. N. A. F. 80.— Raw F. Am. 341.

" Cespitose, red, scarcely papillate, obtusely verrucose-roughened,
collapsing. Asci cylindrical, 65-75 x 6-7 fa Sporidia uniseriate, ellip-
tical, uniseptate, 10-12 x4-4| //, mostly not much constricted. Looks
like a miniature red raspberry, both in the clusters and individual
perithecia, the latter becoming eventually nearly even."

On dead limbs of Gelsemium, South Carolina (Ravenel), on stems
of Ilex glabra, New Jersey (Ellis).

The specimens in Renin's Asc. and Ell. N. A. P. were erroneously
issued as N. punicea, Kze. & Schm. In our copy of Rav. F. Am. the
specimen (No. 341) has the perithecia distinctly collapsed. In his
diagnosis of his Ascomycetes, under No. 337, Dr. Rehm refers the
specimens of Nectria punicea, Kz. <fe Schm., in N. A. F. No. 80, to
N. rubicarpa, Cke. We have carefully compared the N. A. F. speci-
mens with N. rubicarpa in Rav. F. Am., and they seem to us to be
the same thing. Referring to our exsiccati, we find in Plowright's
Sph. Brit. No. 206, a specimen labeled N. punicea, Kz. <fc Schm., in
which the perithecia are not collapsed and the sporidia 15-19 x 4-5 //,
which are about the measurements given in Sylloge. The specimen
of N. punicea in Roumeguere's Fungi Gallic!, No. 1465, we can not
distinguish from N. cinnabarina, Fr. If Plowriglit's specimen is
authentic, the N. A. F. specimens can hardly be that species, having
most of the sporidia less than 12 fi long and the perithecia Collapsed.
N. A. F. 772 can not be J\\ rubicarpa, but is more like a palevar. of
N. ditissima, Tub
13

Fxsicc. Tlium, M. U. 1156.— Rav. F. Am. 766.— Myc. March. 950, 1546.— Ell. & F/vrht.
N. A, F„ 2d Ser. 1548.— Fll. N. A. F. 772?

98

N. ditissiraa, Tul. Sel. Fung-. Carp. Ill, p. 73.

Fxsicc. Thum. M. U. 1156.— Rav. F. Am. 766.— Myc. Marcr
N. A, F, 2d Ser. 1548.— Fll. N. A. F. 772?

Perithecia densely gregarious, small, subglobose, bright red, verti-
cally collapsed when prematurely dried. Ostiolum papilliform, minute.
Asci clavate, about 80 ta long- and 8-10 p broad above, contacted be-
low into a slender base. Sporidia crowded, biseriate, fusoid-oblong,
uniseptate, slightly curved, 14-1 6x4-4 J /a.

On dead Acacia, So. Ca. (Ravenel), on Melia, Louisiana (Lang-
lois), on Ilex, Connecticut (Thaxter).

• N. Celastri, (Schw.)

Sphceria Celasiri, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1421.
Nectria Celasiri, Sacc. Syll. 4669.

Stroma tuberculiform, pale yellowish within, becoming black out-
side, subpulvinate. Perithecia densely cespitose on the stroma, glo-
bose-ovate, rugose, about the size of those of JV. cinnabarina, easily
falling from the stroma. Ostiola obsolete, but showing as dark-brown
specks. The perithecia at length become indurated, but do not col-
lapse.

Specimens on Celastrus scandens, collected in New York State
by W. R. Gerard, agree well with the above-quoted characters, except
in having the perithecia only 150-200 ju diameter and collapsed.
We do not, however, consider this latter character in every case
reliable, as it depends, in some measure, on the stage of growth at which
the specimens are collected. In Gerard's specimens, the stroma is not
well shown, as it is already covered with and partially obliterated
by the superimposed perithecia, which are of a bright red color at first,
but at length dark red and collapsed, and have the surface subverru-
cose-roughened. The asci are cylindrical, 55-60 x 6 //, or sometimes
enlarged above to 8 or 10 ju thick. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, uni-
septate, not constricted, 7-8x3J-4 [jl. The groups of perithecia are
about 1 mm. across. Notwithstanding the slight discrepancies, we are
inclined to regard this as the species meant by Schweinitz, who found
it rather rare on Celastrus, about Bethlehem, Pa. Peck, in 26th Re-
port, also mentions it as found by him at Greenbush, N. Y., but he
gives no description of his specimens and we have not seen them.

N. vulgaris, Speg. Fung. Arg. Pug-. IV, No. 198.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, subsolitary or cespitose (10-30
together); at first covered with a conidial layer (Verticillium tuber-
cularioicles Speg.), then bare, when dry, contracted into various shapes,
subconic-lenticular when moist, 250-300 /a diam., amber-yellow or
yellow-orange, very smooth, ostiolum inconspicuous,texture thick-mem-

99

iranaceous, minutely and indistinctly parenchymatic, yellowish, inclin-
ing to reddish. Asci cylindric-clavate, obtusely rounded above, briefly
stipitate below, 40-45, or more rarely 60-70x5-7 /£, without paraph-
yscs, 8-spored. Sporidia distichous or obliquely monostichous, elliptic-
cylindrical, uniseptate, 10-13x3-4 /*, cells equal, 2-nucleate, hyaline.
On stumps of orange trees, Louisiana (Langlois).

N. microspora, C. & E. Grev. V.p. 53.

Cespitose, bursting out through cracks in the bark in groups of
3-15. Perithecia subgiobose, 150-200 // diameter, orange-red, seated
on a scanty, white, web-like mycelium, collapsing above, with a papil-
liform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 50-60 x 5-6 // (p. sp.). Sporidia
elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, 6-7x3J-4 p.. Groups of perithecia \-\
mm. across. Stroma not conspicuous.

On bark of dead Magnolia, Newfield, N. J., and on bark of dead
beech, Lake Nipigon, Canada.

In the Newfield specimens the perithecia are only partially col-
lapsed above so as to appear truncate.

N. aureoftilva, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 8.

Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 574.

With the same habit as the preceding species, but perithecia larger
(Jmm.), subgiobose, smooth, pale golden-yellow, with the minute ostio-
lum darker. Asci cylindrical, 50 x 6-7 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
fusoid, 8-12x3 ^ 2-nucleate, becoming tardily uniseptate, hyaline."
Stroma pale, flattish, scarcely rising above the epidermis.

On bark of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

N. infusaria, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XII, p. 101.

Cespitose, erumpent, pale red. Perithecia few, oval, soft-waxy-
subconfluent, smooth, glabrous, 5-10 on a stroma. Asci cylindrical.
8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, obtuse, uniseptate, not con-
stricted, hyaline, 10x4| fi. Conidia (Fusarium Acacice, Cke. A
Hark.), either accompanying the perithecia on the same stroma or pro-
duced in separate pustules of earlier growth, on a pale red. pulvinate
stroma, curved, hyaline, acute at each end, 3-septate, 30-40 x2| p.

On Acacia twigs, California (Harkness).

N. atrofiisca (Schw..)

Sphatria atrofusca, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1429.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. n. A. F. 2d Ser. 1547.

Stroma pulvinate, subcarnose, wood-color inside, darker outside
small (J mm. or about that),, erumpent through the epidermis, by the

100

ruptured margin of which it is closely embraced. Perithecia cespi-
tose, nearly Mack, smooth and glabrous, small, mostly less than 165 ft,
conical, becoming ovate or obovate, and finally collapsing above.
Ostiolum obtuse-conical, black and shining, rather large. Asci si i It-
cylindrical,- 45-55x7 /i, with abundant, imperfectly developed paraph-
yses. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-elliptical, lower cell sometimes a
little narrower, uniseptate, hyaline, 10-12x4§ ft.

On dead stems of Staphylea trifolia, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz)7
West Chester, Pa. (Everhart).

The foregoing description is from specimens distributed in N. A.
F. 1547, which agree with specimens in Herb. Schw. The groups of
perithecia are often arranged in a subseriate manner, about 1 mm.
diam. and, with the stroma to which they are attached, are finally
deciduous.

N. nigrescens, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 50.

" Cespitose, red, at length turning black, glabrous. Ostiolum
papilliform. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia elongated-elliptical, unisep-
tate, 18x6 p. Stylospores on the same stroma, some ovate, brown,
5x3 //, others linear, 6x2 /i, hyaline."

On Gleditschia, Aiken, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

N. curcurbitula, (Tode).

Sphczria curcurbitula, Tode Fung. Meckl. II, p. 38 (partly).
Nectria curcurbitula, Fr. Summ. Veg. Sc. p. 338.
Fxsicc. Kunze F. Sel. 105.— Sydow. M. March. 472. — Rehm Asc. 781.

Perithecia ovate-globose, smooth, dark red, with a distinct, papilli-
form ostiolum, not collapsing, scattered or oftener cespitose on a de-
pressed tuberculiform stroma. Asci cylindrical, 90-100x6-7 /i, with-
out paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia monostichous, biconic-elliptical,
uniseptate, hyaline, 14-16 x5-6| fju

The only American specimen we have seen was on bark of Abies
balsa?nea, collected by Mr. Peck at North Elba, N. Y., and sent to us
as N. balsa mea, C. & P. It agrees with the characters above given
and with the specimens in the Exsiccati above quoted. We have not
seen the spermogonia mentioned by Saccardo in Syll. II, p. 484.

N. rhizogena, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.

" Cespitose, erumpent, stromatic, orange:red, at length scarlet.
Perithecia subglobose, glabrous, scarcely papillate, breaking out in
small groups of 10-12 together. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia narrowly
elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, 8-9 x 3 /*. The conidia are those of a
Tubercularia, with a rose-colored tint and 5x2//.

101

On exposed roots of Ulmus, seaboard of South Carolina (Ravenel).
Clusters 1 nun. in diain. Perithecia 165 /z." The specimens in Raw
F. Am. 645, show only the depressed-tuberculiform, flesh-colored
stroma and conidia,

N. diplocarpa, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890, p. 244.

Perithecia gregarious or subcespitose (2-3 connate), superficial,
ovate, about \ mm. diam., clothed with white, septate, sparingly
branched, substrigose hairs, collapsing more or less distinctly above,
deep flesh-color, ostiolum papilliformr large and distinct, smooth. Asci
clavate, 40-50x8-12 /z, filled with reddish granular matter at first,
then containing 4 oblong-elliptical, hyaline sporidia, 8-12x4-5 pt uni-
septate and more or less constricted at the septum, ends rounded and
obtuse, lying irregularly in the asci. Paraphyses apparently present
but obscure as are also the asci which are soon dissolved. Together
with the sporidia already described are others much larger, 30-45 x 1 8
-25 //, granular, hyaline, uniseptate and strongly constricted at the
septum, oblong-elliptical in shape with the ends obtuse and rounded.

On thallus of some foliaceous lichen (Parmelia) ? on trunk of ;i
tree, Farmington, N. Y. (Edgar Brown).

In examining our Exsiccati we find that specimens collected in
Missouri by Demetrio on thallus of Parmelia and issued by Dr. Winter
in his Rabenhorst- Winter Fungi, No. 3252 .as Nectria lecanodes.
Rabh., are the same as this. The description, however, of N. lecanodes
does not apply to this, that species having sporidia only 9-1 1 x 3-4 /*.
and in fact the specimens of N. lecanodes in De Thumen's Mycotheea,
1746 and Fungi Gallici 665 (both collected by Madame Libert) as
well as those in Rehm's Ascomycetes No. 38 and Plowright;s Sphaer,
Britannici 212, have the sporidia 8-12 x 3-4 ju. The New York and
Missouri specimens also differ from those just cited in their brighter
red color and distinctly hairy perithecia and come nearer to JV. eryth-
rinella, Nyl., which again has the perithecia only partially emergent
and sporidia 18-25 x 6-8 //, much larger than in N. lecanodes it is true,
but still far too small. Possibly this variability in the size of the spo-
ridia is only accidental, but from its occurrence in specimens from snch
widely separated localities there is reason to consider it normal and it
so, characteristic of a species not heretofore described.

B. Perithecia scattered or gregarious.

N. tremelloides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 121.

Perithecia gregarious, ovate, 300 fx diam., coarsely farftiraceoiis
and subtuberculose-roughened, pale orange, with a distinctly papillose-
conical ostiolum. Asci about 50x7-8 /i, cylindric-clavate, sessile, im-

102

perfectly paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, 2-nucleate,
becoming uniseptate, 8-12x3-4 /z, hyaline. The asci are contracted
at the apex into a short truncate apiculus.

On bark of dead willow, Plaquemines county, La. (Langlois).

N. perforata, Ell. & Holw. in Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of
Minn., Bull. No. 3, p. 33.

Perithecia gregarious and subconfluent, 150-200 p diam., rough
pruinose-furfuraceous, pale at first, becoming orange-red, depressed-
globose, ostiolum papilliform and -collapsing when dry, so as to appear
broadly perforated above. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75 x 7-8 //, with-
out paraphyses. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, elliptical or subovate,
uniseptate, hyaline or with a faint tinge of rose-color, 8-12x5-6 p.
This comes very near N. vulpina, Cke., and possibly may not be spe-
cifically distinct.

On a decaying Agaricus. Minnesota (Holway).

N. sanguinea (Sibth.)

Sphesria sanguinea, Sibth. Ox. p. 404, Fr. S. M. II, p. 453.
Nectria sanguinea, Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 388.
Fxsicc. Th. M. U. 566.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 208.— Vize Micr. Fung. 270.— Fll. N. A. F. 573,

Perithecia scattered, adnate, ovoid, rarely subsphseroid, smooth,
blood-red, rarely flesh-color, soft, about 180// diam. Ostiolum papil-
liform. Asci cylindrical, 50-60 x 5-6 p, 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, elliptical or subelliptical; unequally uniseptate, slightly con-
stricted, hyaline or with a slight tinge of rose-color, 7-10 x 4-5 p.

Common on moist, decaying wood and bark of various deciduous
trees. Saccardo properly observes that this scarcely differs from iV.
episphceria, Fr., except in its ovoid, scarcely collapsing perithecia and
its less distinctly septate sporidia.

N. truncata Ell. Am. Nat. February, 1883, p. 194.

Fxsicc. EU. N. A. F. 1332.

Perithecia' gregarious, minute (125-150 p), flesh-colored, subglo-
bose or ovate, the apex flattened into a circular, granular-roughened
disc, with the edges slightly projecting. Ostiolum in the center of the
disc, minute, papilliform, brown. Asci sublanceolate, 35 x 5 p. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-fusiform, subhyaline, uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted around the middle, 11-13 x2|-3 p.

On the inside of white cedar bark, stripped from the living tree
and left lying on the ground, Newfield, N. J., Sept., 1882.

103
N. Umbellularise Plow. & Hark. Trans. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1884, p. 26.
Perithecia superficial, scattered, 200-230 p diain., globose, sub-
hyaline, with a tinge of flesh-color, beset externally with a few hyaline,
mycelial threads. Ostiola obtuse. Asci clavate, 50 x 10-15 p. Spo-
ridia hyaline, ovate, uniseptate, 10-12 x5-8 li.
On Umbellularia, California (Harkness).

N. vulpina, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 83.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 774.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, light yellow, about \ mm. diam.,
globose at first, subfurfuraceous, and thinly clothed with short, erect,
subglandular hairs, finally collapsing so as to be easily mistaken for a
Peziza. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 35-45 x 6-7 p, 8-spored. Sporidia
either biseriate, 8-11 x 3— 3J p or obliquely uniseriate, 8-12x4-4j p.
elliptical or oblong-elliptical, 2-4-nucleate, with some sporidia in old
specimens, becoming uniseptate.

On rotten wood of various deciduous trees, not uncommon.

N. dispersa, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 33.

Perithecia widely scattered, ovate, papillate, light red, about \ mm.
high, sparingly clothed with pale, weak, glandular hairs. Asci cylin-
drical, 70-80 x 10-12 p. Sporidia sub biseriate or obliquely uniseriate.
oblong-elliptical or almond-shaped, often more prominent on one side.
18-22x7-10 p, ends subacute while lying in the asci, rounded when
free, 2-4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate. Cooke finds triseptate, curved
conidia 50 p long. We have not seen them.

On (pine) ? bark, Maine (Rev. Joseph Blake).

N. viticola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 45.

" Scattered, bright crimson, soft, collapsing laterally, seated on a
thin, white mycelium. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, uniseptate." In
Grev. XII, p. 82, Cooke gives the measurements of the sporidia as
10x4 p.

On branches of vine, Alabama (Peters).

N. Eucalypti, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XII, p. 82.

Scattered, superficial, pale. Perithecia globose, at length sub-
depressed (2 mm.), at first beset with papillose, hyaline hairs, finally
bare. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate, uniseptate, not
constricted, hyaline, 16-18x4//.

On bark of Eucalyptus branches, California (Harkness).

104

N. squamulosa, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club IX, p. 20.

Gregarious, minute (75-100 /i), pale, ovate-globose, covered, except
the brownish, obtuse, slightly prominent ostiolum, with a light colored,
squamulose coat. Asci lanceolate, narrowed and subtruncate above,
25-30 x 5-6 ft, containing eight clavate or cylindric-oblong, biseriate
sporidia, 5-6xlJ-l| p, 2-nucleate at first and probably becoming
uniseptate.

On decaying wood of a fallen limb, Newfield, N. J.

N. Galii, Plow. & Hark. Trans. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1884, p. 26.

Perithecia scattered, immersed, then erumpent, obtuse, pale red.
Asci cylindrical, very delicate, 60 x 5-8 /jl. Sporidia eight, uniseriate,
uniseptate, pale straw-color, oblong-oval, with bluntly pointed ends,

On Galium trifolium, California (Harkness).
N. Peponum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 16.

Nectria perpusilla, B. & C. Rav. Fung. Car. IV, No. 51.

Very small, scattered, scarlet. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate. It
looks at first sight as if seated on a smooth, white mycelium, but this is
only the external coat of the gourd. Var. avrelia (1. c), having spo-
ridia continuous, is probably only the immature state of the same thing.

On dead gourds and on tomato, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

We add the following from an examination of the specimen in
Ravenel's Fung. Car., above quoted. Perithecia depressed-globose,
100-120 /i diam., ostiolum broad, papillate. Asci clavate-cylindrical.
35-40x5-6 p. Sporidia not well matured, but apparently about
10x31//.

N. conigena, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club X, p. 77.

Minute, membranaceous, smooth, orange-yellow, lighter and col-
lapsing when dry. Asci about 50 x 7 p.. Sporidia uniseriate or par-
tially biseriate above, acutely elliptical, 2-nucleate, becoming unisep-
tate, 7-8 x 3-3 \ jut. Ostiolum papilliform, minute. Perithecia with a
few weak, white, radiating hairs at the base. Differs from JV. vulpina,
Cke., in its habitat, smaller and paler perithecia and rather narrower
and more acute sporidia.

On an old decaying cone of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

N. filicina, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XII, p. 101.
?t Scattered or gregarious, orange-colored. Perithecia obovate.
smooth, glabrous, subshining, scarcely papillate. Asci cylindrical,

105

8-spored. Sporidia elliptic-cylindrical, obtuse at each end, hyaline,
8x2} /Ei." Our specimens from Dr. Harkness have the asci about
40 x 5 fi. Sporidia mostly biseriate, 3-4-nucleate, becoming unisep-
tate, 7-10x21-3//.

On stipes of tree fern, California (Harkness).

N. Pezizae, (Tode).

Spharia Pezizcz, Tode Fung. Meckl. II, p. 46
Spharia miniata, Hoflf. Flor. Germ. Ill, tab. 12, fig. 1.
Peziza hydrophora, Bull. Champ, p. 243.
Nectria Pezizce, Fr. Summ. Veg. Sc. p. 388.
Exsicc. Thum. F. Austr. 1262. — id. M. U. 654.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, spherical, becoming concave by
collapsing, subpapillate, reddish-orange, fading at length, subpilose at
base, soft, about \ mm. diam. Asci very shortly pedicellate, cylin-
drical or clavate-cylindrical, 80-90 x 8-10 /i, when young, subcristate
at the apex, 8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, elliptical, obtuse at
each end, uniseptate, but not constricted, each cell nucleate, hyaline.
10-14x5-6 t±.

On decaying wood and bark, So. Carolina (Ravenel), Massachu-
setts (Murray). See Grew IV, p. 16.

N. sulphiirea, Ell. & Calkins. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 57.

Scattered on a thin farinose-tomentose, yellow subiculum extend-
ing for a centimeter or more. Perithecia ovate-conical, pruinose, yellow
(nearly sulphur yellow), with a papillose ostiolum, 125-165 // diam.
In the specimens thus far seen, the asci had disappeared, but there
was an abundance of oblong or clavate-oblong, hyaline, uniseptate.
7-12 (mostly 8-9)x2|-3| /i sporidia, distinctly constricted at the sep-
tum, ends rounded or obtusely pointed.

Parasitic on old Stereum rugosum, near Jacksonville, Fla. (Calk-
ins).

N. sulphurata, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890. j». 248.

Perithecia gregarious, minute (200 p\ subglobose with a slightly
contracted base, covered with a sulphur-yellow, granulose-pruinoee
coat which finally disappears and leaves the perithecia Mack: col-
lapsed above when dry and more or less distinctly radiatc-sulcatc.
Asci subcylindrical, 65-70x6-7 fi. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid,
hyaline, with a small nucleus near each end, slightly curved, 7-12x2 ".
Differs from N. aurea, S. & S., in its smaller sporidia.

On dead wood of Populus tremulotdes, Sand Coulee, Montana
(Anderson).
14

106

N. athroa, E. & E. Proc. Pliil. Acad. July, 1890, p, 247.

Densely gregarious. Perithecia ovate, 150-200x110-120 /i,
dark red, smooth or nearly so, not collapsing. Asci (p. sp.) about
35 ;i long, cylindrical, evanescent. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-ellip-
tical, hyajine, obtuse at the ends, uniseptate and slightly constricted.
5-6x2$ ft. This lias the general appearance of JV. ditissima, Tul.,
bat besides the more regularly shaped perithecia the sporidia are
much smaller. The asci are with difficulty seen so that this might be
taken for a stylosporous fungus only from the fact that here and there
series of eight sporidia lying end to end indicate the presence of asci.

On a decaying sycamore log. Manhattan, Kansas' (Kellerman and
Swingle).

N. mamnioidea, Plowr. Grew III, p. 126, tab. 42, fig. 5.

Cespitose. Perithecia of medium size, \ mm. diam., globose,
minutely furfuraceous, of a brick-red color, sometimes collapsing, with
a darker colored papilliform ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical, 100-11 5 x
12 a. Sporidia 15x5-6 ta, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate.

This species was found at Newfield some years ago on outer bark
of living quince trees. The Newfield specimens agree with authentic
specimens from Plowright in all respects, only the sporidia are a little
smaller (15x5-6 /i). In Plowright's specimens they are 18-22 x
6-7 p. and subinequilateral. The Newfield specimens were immature,
the asci being mostly filled with granular matter. What appears to
be the same was also sent by Dr. Macoun from British Columbia, on
bark of maple.

N. thujana, Rehm, .Mich. 1, p. 205.

Kxsicc. Thuin. M. U. 972.— Rehm Asc. 33S.— KH. N. A. F. 160.

Perithecia very minute, scarcely visible to the naked eve, solitary
or 2-3 together, conic-globose, slightly depressed at the apex, purplish-
red, Asci oblong-elliptical, 60-80x10-14 /i, with eight biseriate,
oblong, two-celled, hyaline sporidia, slightly constricted in the middle
and about 11x7 //, becoming at length subfuseous.

On dead foliage of white cellar not yet fallen from the branches
of a tree cut some time previously, Newfield, N. J.

N. (lepauperata, Cke. Grov. VII, p. 50.

Kxsicc. KH- N. A. F. 677.

Perithecia globose, scarlet, scarcely papillate, 1-3 on a stroma.
Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, 10x3£ /i. We have

never seen the original specimens on Yucca and have taken the fore-
going from Grevillea. The conidial stage is Fusarhim Yiiecce.

On Yucca aloifolia, Aiken, S<». Carolina.

From an examination of the specimens in X. A. F. (det. by Cke.)
wo add the following notes. — Perithecia ovoid-globose, small (160-
190 //), pale and furfuraceous at first, becoming bare and pale rod.
Ostiolum papillate and slightly darker. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
35-40x4//. sossilo. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, subbiseriate, 9-11 x
3— 3J fi. There are often six and even ten perithecia on each erumpent,
white byssoid-grumose stroma.

The X. A. F. specc. were found on dead Cleft fcra,at Xewfield. X. .1.

X. a^la^othele, B. & C. Grev. IY, p. 45.

Pale; ostiolum distinct, papilliform, darker; then deeply sunk by
collapsion. Asci linear. Sporidia elliptical, nniseriate. slightly attenu-
ated at each end. 12-14 //long.

On alder, apparently growing from the remains of some Coccus.
New England (Sprague).

A stylosporons form (N. crustulina, B. A Raw. Santee Canal. So.
Carolina), has cospitose, neat tan-colored perithecia with obovate, ani-
se] itate sporules, 10-15 fi long.

N. rimincola, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 644.

Gregarious or scattered, superficial, scarlet, growing in cracks of
the bark. Perithecia subgloboSe, finally depressed, glabrous, sul>-
shining, \ mm. diam. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia unise.riate, imisep-
tate, hyaline, not constricted, 12 x 4 //.

In cracks of the hark of Liqnidarnbar, seaboard of Carolina
(Ravenel).

N. Brassicae, Ell. & Sacc. Mich. II, p. 374.

Exsicc. EH- N. A. F. 572.

Perithecia densely gregarious, globose-conoid, not collapsing, very
small (125 ^), blood-red, ostiolum rather obtuse-conical, texture loosely
cellular, rose-tinted, paler around the ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical. 60x7-8, without paraphyses, briefly-stipitate, obtuse at the
apex, containing eight oblong, subclavate, hyaline, uniseptate, 10-11 s
4-4 J ft sporidia.

This was first found on old cabbage stalks and at the same time
the next year on old potato stalks lying scattered over the Bame ground

108

previously occupied by the cabbages, at Newfield, N. J., also on sweet
potato stems, at Vineland, N. J., and on old cabbage stalks and stems
of Sechium edule, Louisiana (Langlois).

N. Apocyni, Pk. 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 84.

" Cespitose or scattered, dull red. Perithecia minute, pale ochra-
ceous and subglobose when moist, dull red, collapsed or latterly com-
pressed and rough, with minute, whitish scales when dry ; ostiola
minute. Sporidia biseriate, uniseptate, filiform, usually constricted in
the middle, nucleate, 16-20 /i long." Specimens found at Newfield.
N. J., July, 1883, on dead stems of Asclepias tuberosa, with Volutella
flexuosa, C. & E., had asci about 35 x 7 /i, sporidia 12-18x3^-4 /i,
constricted at the septum and nucleate.

N. depallens, Cke. & Hark. Grey. XII, p. 82.

Scattered or gregarious, superficial, brick-red, fading out. Peri-
thecia subglobose, smooth, bare, opake, 200-250 p., Asci clavate.
8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate, subacute at each end, uniseptate, not
constricted, hyaline, 22-24 x4-4| p.

On stems of Lupinus, California (Harkness).

N. Curtisii, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 46.

"Minute, erumpent, scattered. Asci lanceolate. Sporidia ob-
long, curved, with four nuclei, 12x2//."
On Zea, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

N. episphaWia (Tode).

Sphczria episphczria, Tode Fuug. Meckl. II, p. 21.
Sphceria erythrococcus, Ehr. Sylv. Ber. p. 9.
Nectria episphczria. Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 388.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 262, 642. — Rehra Asc. .585. — Thum. M. U. 766. — Sydow M March. 352.
Rav. F. Am. 340.— Roum. F. Gall. 4655.— EH. N. A. F. 469.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, superficial, subsphaeroid, col-
lapsing and frequently subcompressed, soft, smooth, blood-red, about
180 p diam., with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 50-60 x
5_6 ^ 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, subellipsoid, rather un-
equally uniseptate, hyaline, slightly constricted, 7-10x4-5 p..

On various sphaeriaceous fungi — Diatri/pe, Hypoxylon, Valsa
etc., common.

N. rubefaciens, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 116.

Perithecia globose, 80 /a diam., smooth, or roughened with scat-
tered, rudimentary, gland-like hairs, subastomous, of fine cellular
texture, pallid at first, becoming orange-red. Asci broad-clavate,

35-40x10-12 /x, without paraphyses. Sporidia irregularly crowded,

oblong-cylindrical, hyaline, uniseptate and constricted at the septum,
distinctly curved, 14-18 x2j-3 it. The thallus of the lichen (Par-
melia tiliacea)'? turns dull red (bright red inside). The perithecia
are scattered and superficial. This seems to be quite distinct from any
of the other lichenicolous species.

Parasitic on thallus of some lichen, on various dead limbs lying
on the ground, Newfield, N. J.

Sporidia continuous, {Nectriella, Sacc.)

N. mycetophila, Pk. 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 85.

"Perithecia crowded or scattered, minute, smooth, subglobose,
pale yellow when young, then pinkish-ochre. Ostiola minute, papil-
late, distinct, darker colored. Asci subclavate. Sporidia oblong,
simple, 12-13x4 p."

On decaying fungi, New York (Peck).

Of the thirty species enumerated by Saccardo in Syll. & Addita-
nienta, N. mycetophila, Pk., is the only American species with con-
tinuous sporidia, if in fact they are continuous. N. microspora,
C. & E., andiV". vulpina Cke., have the sporidia distinctly uniseptate.
Perithecia hairy, {Lasionectria).

X. poliosa, E. &E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 39.— id. Ill, p. 1.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, orange-red, ovate-globose,
165 fi diam., sparsely clothed, except the papilliform ostiolum, with
straight, spreading, hyaline, septate, glandular hairs, about equal in
length to half the diameter of the perithecium. Asci sessile, oblong-
cylindrical, about 75 x 12 /i. Sporidia biseriate, oblong or subfusiform-
oblong and subinequilateral, hyaline, uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted at the septum, containing several nuclei irregularly place* I.
18-22x7-8 fi, ends rounded or subacute. The hairs which clothe the
perithecia are at first about 7 ju thick, with the ends obtuse and a little
swollen, but at length they become elongated and attenuated above.
This must be nearly allied to N. tephrothele, Berk., but in the de-
scription of that species the perithecia are not described as hairy.

Parasitic on Diatrype platystoma, (Schw.), Florida (Calkins).

N. lasioderma, (Ell.) Am. Nat. February, 1883, p. 194.

Exsiec. £11. N. A. F, 1177.

Perithecia mostly single, subaniorphous. obtuse-conical, broadly
perforated above, about \ mm. high, shaggy with short, septate, obtuse,
imperfectly developed hairs, dull red when dry, pale orange when

110

moist. Asci cylindrical; 75-80x7-8 fx. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical,
hyaline, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, 11-12x4-5 //.

Parasitic on old Vaha lutescem, Ell., on dead limbs of Quercm
eoccinea, lying on tbe ground, NewfieldvN. J.

N. Rexiana, Ell. 1. c. and Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 2.

Perithecia minute, less than \ mm. diam., flesh-color, becoming
darker, slightly compressed laterally, enveloped in white down, which
forms little tufts, appearing under the lens like some minute, tufted
mucedinous growth. Asci linear, 35-40 /jt long, evanescent. Sporidia
uniseriate, oblong, hyaline, 1-2-nucleate, becoming uniseptate?

Parasitic on Myxogasterx (C hondrioderma spumarioides), Adi-
rondack Mts., N. Y., August, 1882 (Dr. Geo. A. Rex).

N. lactea, Ell. & Morgan (in Herb.)

Densely gregarious. Perithecia globose, about 250 // diam., yel-
lowish horn-color, densely clothed, except the bare, papilliform ostio-
lum, with a dense white coat of glandular-pruinose pubescence, which
finally disappears in part. There is also a sparing, web-like, white
mycelium overrunning the matrix. Asci cylindrical, sessile, without
paraphyses, 55-65x6 pu Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, hyaline, not
constricted, 6-8 x 3J-4i p.

On pores of some old Polyporm, Ohio (Morgan), on old Stereum
mbptteatwn, Florida (Calkins), and on decaying wood of Melia.
Louisiana (Langlois) .

Species not well known.

X. fibriseda, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1542.

Very minute, scattered, blood-red, pellucid, globose-ovate, papil-
late, adhering in dense clusters to the bark of dead chestnut limbs
from which the epidermis has peeled off, entirely glabrous, finally col-
lapsing, scarcely visible to the naked eye. Of this species nothing is
known to us exec])! the description above quoted.

Among the loosened fibers of chestnut bark, Bethlehem. Pa.
(Schweinitz). Allied to Nectria sanguinea.

Cooke, in his synopsis, mentions a Nectria Smilacis, Schw. We
find no such species in Schw. Synopsis.

N. mobilis, (Tode).

Spharia mobilis, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, tab. 9, fig. 71, Fr. S. M. II, p. 461.

Perithecia very delicate, superficial, free, so as to be moveable
("tit quaquaverstts facile se raoveri sinant") Ostiolum papilliform.

inally deciduous. Color brown, becoming black, (reddish when poring)?
On decaying limbs. Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schweinitz).
Nothing definite is known of this species.

SPIL-EROSTILBE, Till.

Sel. Carp. Ill, p. 99.

Perithecia as in Nectria, globose, soft bright colored, growing
at the base of or in company will) their conidia (Stilbum, Atractium,
Microcera). Asci elongated, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong or ovoid
hyaline, uniseptate. Paraphyses none or spurious.

Sph. flammea, Tul, 1. c. p. 104.

Perithecia globose, bright red. nearly smooth, crowded on or aear
the conidiophoms stroma (Atractium flammeum, B. & Rav.) Asci
obovate-oblong, 8-spored. Sporidia ovate, obtuse, uniseptate, hyaline,
slightly constricted, 12-16 x 5-6 jjl. The conidial fungus, as represented
in Rav. Fungi Car. V. 86, lias the stromata at first narrow-conical, be-
coming finally flattened above and subspezizoid ; the conidia linear-
lanceolate, very large (80-100x6J /j), a little curved. 6-9-septate, hya-
line with a tinge of rose color. On maple bark, Carolina (Ravenel),
on Salix, Louisiana, (Langlois).

Berkeley, in Grev. IV, p. 47, adds. — ''There is a very distind
species on Magnolia alauca, Car. Inf., No. 5005 (Attractium palli-
dum, B. <fe C), with short, fusiform spores 13 <i long, with the endo-
chrorne retracted to either end."

Sph. coccophila, Tul. 1. c. p. 105.

Perithecia numerous, on and near the conidial stromata. very small,
globose, obtuse, minutely papillate, very smooth, bright red, often 4-5
together, collapsing when old. Asci linear, 60-80 x (>J, a.. Sporidia
oblique, uniseriate, ovate, 10x4 /a, uniseptate, Bubhyaline, slightly
constricted.

On Alnus serrulata, Pennsylvania (Michener).

The conidial stage (Microcera coccophila, Desm.), which has been
sent from Florida by Dr. Martin and collected in Carolina by Ravenel
(F. Am. 286), has the stroma arising from various species of dead
bark lice. It is red, obtuse and about 2 mm. high. The conidia
linear-lanceolate, 5-7-septate and 56-65x5-6 a. nearly hyaline.

Sph. graeilipes, Tul. 1. c. p. 105. (Plate 12)

Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 285.— EH. & Kvrht. N. A. F. 2131.

Perithecia collected at the base of the conidial stroma, small.
(J mm.), red, light prainose, failing out. Asci cylindric-clavate.

112

Sporidia uniseriate, ovoid, 12-16x4|-6 /*. The conidiophorous fungus
(Stilbum corynoides, E. & E.) has the stem slender, gray, becoming
nearly black, J-$ cm. long, head globose, J-J mm., orange-yellow,
becoming fuscous. Conidia oblong-elliptical, hyaline, 5-6 x 1| /i.

On Hibiscus, Gary a, Melia and Platanus, Carolina (Curtis and
Ravenel), on Melia, Louisiana (Langlois),

Sph. cinnabarina, Tul. 1. c. p. 103.

Perithecia growing at the base of the conidial stroma (Stilbum
cinnabarinum, Mont.), few, sessile, globose, scarcely papillate, very
smooth, orange-red, finally collapsing partially. Asci clavate-oblong,
80x13-16 ft. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, 22-26x7 [i, pluri-
nucleate. Conidial stroma bacillary, clavate above, red, conidia ovoid,
small, 3 1 xlj ft.

On trunks of Carya, Morus and Rhus, Carolina, Louisiana and
Mexico.

CALONECTRIA, De Not.

Reel. Pir. Ital. in Comm. Soc. Ital. Critt. II, p. 477.

Perithecia scattered or cespitose, superficial or erumpent, soft
(carnose-membranaceous), bright colored. Sporidia oblong or fusoid,
2- or more-septate, hyaline.

C. erubescens, (Desm.)

Sphczria erubescens, Desm. XIII, Not. 72.
Calonectria erubescens, Saec. Mich. I, p. 309.

Scattered or gregarious, superficial, with white, woolly, radiating
hairs at base. Perithecia minute, pale red, globose, finally collapsing,
soft, glabrous, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate, 35-40 x
7-8 fi. Sporidia oblong-fusoid, straight or slightly curved, hyaline,
3-4-nucleate, becoming 1-3-septate, 10-16x2^-3 /z (10x3 /Jt, Sacc),
ends subacute.

On the under side of living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Myrica
cerifera and Olea Americana, Florida (Martin and Calkins). Mostly
on mycelium of Meliola.

Calonectria leucorrhodina (Mont.), Sacc. Syll. II, p. 548, accord-
ing to So. American specimens from Spegazzini, scarcely differs from
this, except in its epiphyllous growth.

C. Canadensis, (E. & E.) Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XI, p. 74, Journ.

Mycol. II, p. 122. (Plate 13;

Nectria Canadensis, E. & E. 1. c.
Exsicc. EH. 8c Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2547.

IIS

Perithecia cespitose, ovate-globose, J- \ mm. diam., dull ml.
densely tuberculose-granular. Ostiola not prominent, more or less
distinctly stellate-cleft and finally collapsing slightly. Asci eublanceo-
late, 75-80 x 10-12 /i, without any distinct paraph yses. Sporidia sub-
biseriate, hyaline, oblong-elliptical, 3-septate, slightly curved, ends
obtuse, 18-22x7-9 /i. The conidial stage is a Tubercvlaria about
2 mm. high, bursting out in a seriate manner through cracks in the
outer bark, having an orange-red head and brick-red, stipitate base.
The perithecia originate from the lower or medial part of the stipitate
base, and finally entirely surround and overtop the orange-colored
heads of conidia, which are either entirely hidden or remain partially
visible in the midst of the dense clusters of perithecia. Conidia oblong-
cylindrical, hyaline, continuous, 5-7 x 2| fi.

On bark of dead elm, Ottawa, Canada (Macoun), London, Canada
(Dearness).

C. polythalama, (Berk.)

Nectria polythalama, Berk. Fl. New Zealand II, p. 203, Grev. IV, p. 46.
Nectria aurigera, B. & Rav. Grev. 1, c.
Exsicc, Rav. Car. Ill, 54.— id. V, 60 (under the name of Ar. aurig-era, B. & Rav.)— Ell.
N. A. F. 79.

Erumpent, cespitose, stroma pale brick-red, mostly subelliptical.
Perithecia globose, about \ mm. diam., covered with a yellow powder.
Ostiolum papilliform, collapsing. Asci sublanceolate, p. sp., 55-60 x
12-15 //. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-cylindrical, straight or slightly
curved, yellowish, 6-8-septate, 20-24 x 5-6 jl Var. flavitecta, B. & C.
(Grev. 1. c), on Kerria Japonica, has the "sporidia larger and quadri-
septate, sometimes with a gelatinous coat."

On Fraxinus and Chionanthus, Carolina and New Jersey.

There is no shadow of difference in the asci and sporidia, at least
as the two are represented in Rav. Fungi Car., between Nectria
aurigera, B. & Rav., and N. polythalama, Berk., and if, as there i>
no reason to doubt, the specimens there distributed are authentic, the
two species are the same, and, in that case, the specific name, polythal-
ama, would have precedence.

C. chlorinella, (Cke.)

Nectria chlorinella, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 168.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 736.— EH. & Evrht. N, A. F. 2d Ser. 2546.

Gregarious, ovate-globose, lemon-yellow, about | or 1 mm. high.
\ mm. broad, slightly contracted below, woolly-torn en lose except the
bare, black, strongly papillose ostiolum. Asci elavate-cylindrical,
15

114

100-125x12-15 fi, with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
biseriate, broad-fusiform, slightly curved, subhyaline. 1-3-septate and
constricted at the middle septum, 25-35x7-8 fi.

Cooke makes the sporidia 18-20x5 /jl. They vary considerably,
but mature and well developed specimens have the sporidia as above.

On bark of Ulmus, seaboard of South Carolina (Ravenel), on
various kinds of decaying wood and limbs, (oak, Rhus, <fcc), Newfield,
X. J., and on decaying elm, Canada (Macoun & Dearness). The
ostiolum is sometimes more or less compressed, so as to resemble
Lophio stoma.

C Dearnessii, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890, p. 245.

Perithecia 3-12 in a cluster, ovate, narrowed above and below,
light orange-yellow, about 165 /jl diam. and a little more than that
in height, seated on a white, radiate-fibrous, silky mycelium which at
first partially envelops and clothes the perithecia but finally disappears.
Ostiola broad papilliform, not distinctly prominent, at length slightly
collapsing. Asci 75-80 x 10-1 2 /jl, with paraphyses. Sporidia oblong-
cylindrical, obtuse, yellowish -hyaline, biseriate, 3-5-septate, more or
less constricted at the septa, 25-35 x 6-7 /jl, ends obtuse, slightly curved.

Cespitose on the ostiola of some Massaria, on Fraxinusi}. and
Ulmus, Canada (Dearness).

C. balsamea, (C. & P.)

Nectria balsamea,Q. & P. 26th. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 84, Grev. XII, p. 81.

Erumpent, cespitose, suborbicular. Perithecia rather small, smooth,
scarlet, papillate, at length collapsed, crowded on a pale stroma. Asci
cvlindric-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia-fusiforni, hyaline, 5-septate, 30 x

On bark of Abies balsamea, New York (Peck).
C. diminiita, (Cke.)

Dialonectria diminuta, (B. & C.) Cke. Grev. XII, p. 83.
Nectria diploa var. diminuta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 46.

Very minute, scarlet. Asci lanceolate but obtuse. Sporidia
sometimes larger, binucleate, at length triseptate (uniseptate, Berk.),
uniseriate, or smaller, 4-nucleate, biseriate, 25-30 x 8| jjl.

On some Sphmria, on alder, South Carolina (Ravenel).

PLEONECTRIA, Sacc.

F. Ven. Nov. Ser. V. 178, Mich. I. p. 324.

Perithecia cespitose, subglobose, bright colored, carnose-mem-

115

alliaceous, papillate. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia, when raatare, pluri-
jeptate-muriform, hyaline.

P. Berolinensis, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 123. (Plate 12)

Nectria Ribis, Niessl, (non Tode).

Pleonectria Ribis, Karst, Symb. Mycol. Fenn. VI, p. 42.
Exsicc. EH- N. A. F. 470.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, cespitose, globose-depressed, J-J
mm. diam., finally collapsing to cup-shaped, of a brick-red color and
loosely-cellular structure. Ostiolum not prominent. Asci cylindrical,
subsessile, 90-115 x 10-14 //, subtruncate above. Sporidia uniseriatej
oblong-elliptical, obtuse at each end, 5-7-septate and muriform, not
constricted, minutely guttulate, hyaline, 16-22 x 7-8 fi.

On dead stems of Ribex, Canada and the northern United States
west to Montana.

Sec. Dr. Farlow No. 6140, collected in Canada by Poe and
marked in the Curtis collection Nectria fenestrate B. & C, but in
Grev. IV, p. 46, referred to Sphcerodilbe pseudotrichia, (Schw.) and
evidently the same as Ell. N. A. F. 470, is different from authentic
specimens of Sphceria pseudotrichia, Schw. (from Surinam), which.
besides its peculiar shaped conidia, has the ascospores Larger, about
38 /Jt, with a crenulated outline.

P. denigrata, Winter, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club X, p. 48.

Exsicc. Rabh. Winter Fungi 2948.— EH. and Evrht. N. A. F. 1334, 2372.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, forming dense, pulvinate-hemis-
pherical tufts 3-5 mm. diam., seated on a pulvinate stroma which is of
a dirty yellow within, nearly globose, gray outside, becoming black,
360-470 fi diam., at length depressed and umbilicate at the vertex.
Ostiolum black, papilliform. Asci cylindrical, briefly stipitatc. 8-spored,
about 70 x 8-10 fi (elongated finally in water to 110//). Sporidia
generally monostichous, variable in shape, roundcd-subangular. 3-6-
septate and muriform, more or less constricted at the septa, pale yel-
lowish, 10-16 x 7-10 ft. Paraphyses filiform, very long.

' On dead branches of Gleditschia triacanthus Kentucky (Keller
man), Ohio (Morgan), Delaware (Commons), Missouri (Webber).

P. Missouriensis, (E. & E.)

Nectria Missouriensis, E, & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 57.

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent-superficial (6-20 1. globose, \-\
mm. diam., seated on an inconspicuous stioniatic base, dark red.
sprinkled with small yellowish granules. Ostiolum papillifonn and
distinct, Asci clavatJ-oblong, 100-120x15-20 a (p. sp. 76-81

116

with abundant filiform but evanescent paraphyses. Sporidia irregu-
larly crowded, clavate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, subinequilateral, yel-
lowish-hyaline, muriform, 20-30 x 10-12 p.

On bark of Carya alba, Missouri (Demetrio) and on Carya, Dela-
ware (Commons).

CHILONECTRIA, Sate.

Mich. I, p. 270.

Perithecia cespitose, globose, papillate, red, yellowish or brown.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, many-spored. Sporidia minute, allantoid.
hyaline, accompanied by other larger sporidia? in the same asms.

Hi. cucurbitnla, Curr. (Plate P2>

Sphczria cucurbitnla, Curr. Comp. Sphser. tab. 49, fig. 178 (partly).
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1551.

Perithecia cespitose, orange-red, nearly smooth, at length col-
lapsing. Ostiolum papilliferum minute. Asci clavate-cylindrical.
75-100 x 10-12 /i, filled with countless minute sporidia. 2-3 (mostly
2 J /i) x 1-1 J ft. In the early stages of growth, the asci contain 2-4
cylindrical bodies about 3 a thick and varying in length from 15 u to
nearly the entire length of the asci. These elongated bodies arc sub-
undulate and often appear distinctly multiseptate with the septa either
running square across or with their ends a little curved so as to give
the appearance of a series of hyaline, subglobose sporidia. but finally
these cylindrical bodies are filled with the minute sporidia. which at
length fill the entire cavity of the asci. Sometimes, instead of the
elongated bodies, some of the asci will be seen to contain one or two
scries of faintly-outlined, subglobose cells, which, also, are at length
tilled with the minute sporidia and disappear. The peculiarity here
noted has been observed in all the specimens on coniferous trees thus
far examined and we fancy we see the same Structure in the X. cu-
rurbitula. issued by Fries in his Scler. Suec, which we have had the
opportunity of examining.

On Pi nu* rigida and P. Strobus, Newfield, N. J., and on Abies
balsamea, West Chester, Pa.

Mycologists are not agreed as to the nature of the minute allan-
toid sporidia in this and the following species. Fi'ickel considered
them spermatia. Winter (in "Die Pilze") regards them as secondary
spores resulting from the germination of the true sporidia. In that
case, the asci should contain in the earlier stages of growth only the
larger 'true sporidia"; but specimens on the same limb of Phnts

117

*U8, observed from May to November, showed the two kinds of
sporidia mixed from the first.

Ch. Coryli, (Fckl.)

Chilonectria cucurbitula Sacc. Syll. II, p. 453 (partly).
Nectria Coryli, Fckl. Symb. p. 180.
Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 159.— Sacc. M. V. 1446.

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent, smooth, subastomous, dark red.
collapsing when dry, not differing in appearance from those of the
j (receding species, unless in being of a deeper shade of wd. Asci
clavate, 85-100x 10-12 /i, mostly filled with minute sporidia, exactly
as in the preceding species, but some contain c'ylindric-f'usoid (spor-
idia)? 1-septate, 10-15 x2§-3 /jl, with a short, curved apiculus at each
end. These fusoid sporidia, lying in two or three series in the asci,
are so arranged with their contiguous ends in contact as to resemble
closely the cylindrical bodies mentioned in the preceding specie-, and.
like those, are often seen filled, more or less completely, with the
minute, oblong sporidia. This species is found exclusively on bark
and limbs of deciduous trees.

The specimens of N. inaurata, in Saccardo's Mycotheca Veneta,
No. 1446, do not differ, as far as we can see, either in the perithecia
or the fructification, from the specimens in N. A. F. 15!). . in both, tin1
perithecia are distinctly collapsed.

Ch. crinigera, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890.

Nectria sphcerospora, E. & K. in Bessey & Webber's Cat. Flora Nebr. 1S90, p. 53.

Perithecia cespitose on a tubercular stroma, in compact clusters of
3-12, the single perithecia subglobose and about | mm. diam., cov-
ered at first with a brownish, farinaceous coat, becoming nearly black,
rounded and obtuse above, with a papilliform ostiolum which is
slightly collapsed when dry. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 70-80 x 1 2-1 5 //.
attenuated above when young, but becoming rounded and obtuse,
overtopped by the abundant but evanescent paraphyses and filled with
innumerable spermatoid, hyaline sporidia? (2|-3x |-f p), among which
lie in a single series eight subglobose or subelliptical hyaline sporidia.
5-8 /i diam., granular at first, but at length faintly about 3-eeptate and
nmriform, or sometimes marked in a sarcinuliform manner by two septa
at right angles to each other. When these sporidia have escaped
from the asci it is seen that they are sparingly clothed with spreading,
hyaline filaments, 8-10 fi long, 2-12 or more in number and standing
out on all sides from the body of the sporidiuni like rays from a star.

On bark of dead Fraxiuu* viridis, Lincoln, Neb., Nov. 1888,
(H. J. Webber, No. 18).

118

BARYA, Fckl.

Symb. p. 93.

Perithecia carnose, subdiaphanous, at length of the consistence of
horn, superficial, conic-acute, nestling in a loose, cottony, conidia-
bearing mycelium. Conidia oblong, obscurely uniseptate, obtuse at
each end, Asci elongated-lanceolate, acuminate above, obtuse below,
8-spored, stipe globular. Sporidia filiform, continuous, about as long
as the asci, hyaline.

B. parasitica, Fckl. 1. c.

Perithecia gregarious, free, conical, acute, subventricose in the
middle, finally compressed, about the size of the perithecia of Nectria
coccinea, glabrous, yellowish-green, diaphanous, becoming opake, dark
brown, seated in a conidiophorous mycelium, first white, then yellowish-
green, finally brown, crowned with a terminal white globule. Conidia
oblong, 14 x 5 /u, hyaline. Asci lanceolate, acuminate, globose-stipi-
tate at base. Sporidia nearly as long as the asci, filiform, continuous,
hyaline. Parasitic on Bertia moriformis, (Germany); Var. cespitosa,
Pk. 43d Rep. p. 33, has the perithecia crowded in dense tufts and
sometimes tapering above into a rather long neck, asci and sporidia
slenderer and longer.

On Bertia moriformis, Catskill Mountains, N. Y.

We have seen no specimens and quote from the authors cited.

OPHIONECTRIA, Sacc.

Mich. I. p. 323.

Perithecia globose-conical, superficial, papillate, subcarnose, bright-
colored (red, yelhrw &c). Asci 8-spored. Sporidia filiform, multisep-
tate or multinucleate.

0. cerea, (B. & C.)

Spkceria cerea, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 108.

Calonectria cerea, Sacc. Syll. 4967.

Dialonectria cerea, Cke. Syn. 476.

Dialonectria fulvida, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 136.

Ophionectria Everhartii, Ijll. & Galw. 1. c. VI, p. 32.

Perithecia gregarious, ovate-globose, 160-175 ju diam., dull, dirty
yellow and granular-pruinose, except the rather acutely papilliform
ostiolum. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 75-80 x 12-14 /i. with rather in-
distinct paraphyses. Sporidia fasciculate, fusoid-cylindrical, yellowish-
hyaline, multiseptate, multinucleate at first, straight while lying in the

119

asci, curved when free, 35-50 x 3— 3J /jl, slightly tapering from the mid-
dle to each end.

On old Diatrype stigma and on the bark of decaying oak limits.
New Jersey and Carolina.

We can not say positively that Sphmria cerea, JB. & C. and
Ophionectria Everhartii, E. & G. are the same, but the probability
of their identity is so strong that we have assumed it to be a fact.
There may also be some question of generic relationship : but if Nec-
tria melina, Mont, can be referred to Ophionectria, as is done in Sacc.
Syll. II, p. 563, our species may properly go there too, having sporidia
still narrower than in that species.

0. coceicola, (E. & E.)

Nectria coceicola, E. & E. Journ Mycol. II, p. 39.
Dialonectria coceicola, E. & E. 1. c. II, p. 137.

Perithecia cespitose, membranaceous, about J mm. diam. and j
mm. high, flesh-color, becoming dirty buff when mature, obovate, asto-
mous, surface roughish, with a few scattered, white, rudimentary hairs,
or at length bald. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 150-190 x 20 /i, with abun-
dant, rather stout paraphyses. Sporidia eight in an ascus, clavate-cyl-
indrical, multinucleate, hyaline, 110-140x6-7 /t at the upper cud.
attenuated below.

On dead scale insects on bark of living orange trees, Florida
(Scribner).

The groups of perithecia are seated either on the shells of dead
insects or on the bark itself, with a subiculum more or less distinct.
composed of white, decumbent or prostrate hairs of the same charac-
ter as those found on the perithecia themselves. The species seem to
be quite distinct.

GIBBERELLA, Sacc.

Mich. I, p. 43.

Perithecia either cespitose and stromatically connected or separate.
Asci 8-spored. Sporidia subfusoid, 3-pluri-septate, subhyalinc. The
substance of the perithecia is of a blue or violet tint.

G. acervalis, (Moug.)

Sphczria acervalis, Mougp. in Fr. French. II, p. 83.
Gibberella acervalis, Sacc. Syll. 4979-

Emergent, bare and black, collected in small heaps or clusters,
Perithecia subconnate, globose, rugulose, at length umbilicate. Asci
oblong, 70 x 10 /jl. Sporidia ovate-oblong, 3-septate, hyaline, 18x6/*.

120

Spermogonia — perithecia cespitose, about one third as large as the as-
cigerous perithecia ; spermatia minute, cylindrical, oscillatory.

Found in Europe on willow limbs; var. Juniperi Virginiance,
reported by Peck as found in New York State.

G. pulicaris, (Fr.) (Plate 13)

Sphcsria pulicaris, Fr. in Kze. & Schm. Mycol. Hefte II, p. 37.
Gibbera pulicaris, Fr. Sutntn. Veg. Sc. p. 402.
BotryozphcEria pulicaris, Ces. & de Not. Schema p. 212.
Gibberella pulicaris, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 43.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 735.— Rehm Asc. 230, 489.— Ell. N. A. F. 81. — Sydow Mycoth.
March. 977. 1544. &c.

Cespitose, stroma cortical. Perithecia crowded, superficial, pur-
plish, at length collapsing or laterally compressed. Asci oblong, sessile,
8-spored, 60-75 x 12-16 fi. Sporidia biseriate, ovate, elliptical or sub-
pyriform, subobtuse, somewhat curved, 3-septate, pale yellowish, 18-20
x 6-8 /i. The conidial stage is considered to be Fusarium sambu-
cinum, Fckl., or F. roseum, Lk. This is quite a common species and
is found on bark of dead limbs of various deciduous trees and on dead
herbaceous stems — especially on dead stalks of Zea Mays and also on
the grain.

Tulasne, Sel Carp. Ill, p. 68. enumerates as conidia of this species,
Fusarium roseum,, Lk., F. incarnatum, (Rob,), F. aurantiacum,
Lk., Selenosporium sarcoehroum and S. lateritium,, Mazerio.

G. Saubinetii, (Mont.)

Botryosphceria Saubinetii, Niessl. Beitrag. p. 45.
Gibbera Saubinetii, Mont. Syll. p. 252.
Botryosphceria dispersa, de Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 85. tab. 92.
Gibberella Saubinetii, Sacc. Syll. 4977.

Perithecia gregarious, confluent-cespitose and concrescent, coria-
ceo-membranaceous, verrucose, at length flaccid, plicate, ovoid, subcon-
tracted at the base, bluish, 200-300 x 170-220 /;, papillate. Asci ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminate above, contracted at the base into a short,
thick stipe, 8-spored, 60-76 x 10-12¥/i. Sporidia uniseriate or sul tin-
seriate, fusiform, curved or straight, subacute, 3-septate, but scarcely
constricted, nearly hyaline, 18-24 x 4-5 fi. Conidial stage, Fusarium
roseum, Lk. The characters of this species, as here given, are taken
from Sacc. Sylloge. From the specimens at our command, we have
always found it difficult to separate this from the preceding species.

G. ficini, (Cke. & Hark.)

Gibbera ficini, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 87.

Perithecia crowded, cespitose, dark violet, smooth, scarcely pa-

121

pillate. Stylospores lanceolate, obtuse, slightly curved, 3-septate, hya-
line, 30 x 8 y..

On bark of Ficus, California (Harkness).

Asci and sporidia not seen. Stylospores evidently different from
those of G. pidicaris.

MELAN0SP0RA, Corda.

Icones I, p. 24.

Perithecia superficial but with the base more or less sunk in a
thick layer of interwoven hyphae, without any true stroma, of soft, fleshy
substance, translucent, globose-pyriform with a long beak. Sporidia
elliptical, mostly continuous, dark.

A. Sporidia continuous.

M. chionea, (Fr.) . (Plate 14)

Sphceria chionea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 446.
Ceratostoma chioneum, Fr. Obs. II, p. 340.
Melanospora chionea, Corda Icon. I, p. 25.
Exsicc. Fgkl. F. Rh. 2015.— Thum. M. U. 1844.— Krgr. Fungi. Sax. 2,73.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, superficial, globose, white-woolly,
300-400 fx diam., with a straight, reddish-yellow, stout beak about 1
mm. long and having a few spreading hairs at'its apex. Asci obovate-
clavate, stipitate, 8-spored, 35-45x13-16 (p. sp.) Sporidia crowded
or imperfectly biseriate, globose-elliptical, brown, 10-12 x 9-10 ft.

On decaying pine leaves and on leaves of deciduous trees, London.
Canada (Dearness). The hairs at the end of the beak are not as dis-
tinct as in the European specimens.

M. lagenaria, (Pers.)

SphcBtia lagenaria, Pers. Syn. p. 58.
Ceratostoma lagenarium, Fr. Summ. Veg. Sc. p. 396.
Auerszvaldia lagenaria, Rab. Hedw. I, p. 116. tab. XV, fig. 2.
Melanospora lagenaria, Fckl. Symb. p. 126.
Exsicc Fckl. F. Rh. 807.— Rehm Asc. 699.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, emergent-superficial, gptoroid
or subovoid, rugulose, at first yellowish, then liver color and finally
black, 400-420 fi diam., with a very long (2-2± //), straight or flexo-
ous beak tipped with white hairs. Asci broad-clavate. stipitate, 36-40
x 12-15//. Sporidia irregularly crowded, elliptical with ends atten-
uated, ll-14x 6 //, becoming brown.

Given on the authority of Peck (27th Rep. p. 110), who found it
in the Adirondack Mts., N. Y., on the hymenium of some old Pp/y-
porus, He says: uAsci very broad, spores crowded, simple, elliptical,
colored 12Jx7| fi."
16

122

B. Sporidia muriform.
M. chrysomalla, B. & Br. Fling. Ceylon. No. 1125.

Perithecia globose, about J mm. diam., subeespitose, densely yel-
low-tomentose, with a short-cylindrical, nearly black ostiohmi which
projects but little above the yellow tomentum. Asci cylindrical, 75x 7 /i,
sessile or nearly so, with abundant, evanescent paraphyses. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate, ol)long-elliptical, olivaceous-brown, 3-septate, with
occasionally one or two of the cells divided by a longitudinal septum,
1 2-14 x 5-6 ft.

On base of culms of Andropogon muricatus, Louisiana (Langlois).

SUBORDER. SPHAERIACEJ1.

Perithecia mostly with a distinct, papilliform, elongated or com-
pressed ostiolum, not carnose or membranaceo-carnose, but coriaceous,
woody, carbonaceous, often brittle, dark colored outside, mostly light
colored within, never carnose. Perithecia distinct from the stroma
though seated on or buried in it.

FAMILY. CHAETOMiEJ].

Perithecia superficial, free, seated on a superficial mycelium, gen-
erally, with an ostiolum and an apical tuft of hairs or bristles, brown.
fragile. Asci clavate or cylindrical, 8-spored, very evanescent. Spor-
idia continuous, brown.

CHAETOMIUM, Kunz. & Schmidt.

Mycologische Hefle I, p. 15.

Perithecia superficial, free or adnate, generally seated on a super-
ficial mycelium and with a distinct ostiolum and an apical tuft of bail-
or bristles, brown, thin-membranaceous. Asci club-shaped or cylindri-
cal, very evanescent, without paraphyses. Sporidia 1-celled and brown,
more or less compressed, or flattened.

Ch. elatum, Kunze Deutschl. Schwamme, No. 184.

Conoplea atra, Spreng. Syst IV, p. 554.

Cluztomium lagenifoime, Cda. Icones I, p. 24.

ChcEtomium, Fieberi, Fckl. Symb. p. 90.
Exsicc. Thura.M. U. 758.— id. F. Austr. 989.— Rehm. Asc. 247.— Cke. F. Br. 1st. Ser. 290.
Kunze F. Sel. 66.— Sydow. M. March 343.— Roum. F. G. 1428.— Rab. F. E. 529.— Ell.
N. A. F. 560.— Rav. Fung. Car. Ill, 66,

Perithecia elliptical, about 400 /i high and 320 // broad, with a
distinct ostiolum; terminal tuft of hairs squarrosely branched, brown,

123

rough. Asci club-shaped, short-stipitate. Sporidia flattened, the broad
side elliptical, apiculate, 10-12 x 9-10 //, olive brown; when viewed
edgewise, fusiform, 7-8 /jl broad.

On decaying herbaceous stems common.

Ch. murorum. Cda. Icon. I. p. 24. tab. VII, tig. 293. B.

Exsicc. Rab. F. E). 234.

Perithecia globose, ovate or elliptical, varying in size from 160-280
fi high by 160-230 /i broad. Ostiolum short, papilliform, distinct,
sometimes collapsing; apical hairs simple, 2-3 times as long as the
height of the perithecium, granular-roughened, dark brown, broadly
arched with tips incurved; sides of the perithecia more sparingly
clothed with finer, subulate hairs brown below and subhyaline above.
Asci broad-clavate, short-stemmed, 8-spored. Sporidia narrow-ellipti-
cal, scarcely apiculate, olive or chocolate-brown, 12-16 x 7-8 /jl, slightly
compressed.

On bark of dead poplar, Montana (Anderson No. 651).

Ch. sphaerospermum, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 16.

Perithecia superficial, black, strigose, crowded in elongated groups,
and connected by a loose mycelium, ovate globose. Hairs rigid, erect,
elongated, slender, smooth, brownish-black, divaricatelv branched above.
the main axis prolonged at the point of branching or bifurcation ex-
actly as in Ch. pusillum. Sporidia viewed in front nearly round,
7-8 fi diam. (10 /x Cke.), viewed edgewise elliptical, 7-8 x3 //.

On the basswood bottom of a barrel standing in a cellar at New-
field, N. J., and found in the same situation by Rev. J. L. Zabriskie, at
Flatbush, Long Island. Differs from Ch.pusilhim only in its larger,
darker, nearly round sporidia.

Ch. pusillum, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad., July, 1890. (Plate 16)

Perithecia gregarious, black, membranaceous, ovate, a 1 tout 200 u
high by 150 [i thick, the lower part clothed with fine, loosely entan-
gled, pale, branching, slate colored hairs, the upper part more sparingly
with longer, darker, nearly smooth and simple, partially transparent,
continuous or faintly septate hairs, about 4 fi thick at the base and
tapering above. Asci narrow-cylindrical, 30 x 3| fi (p. sp.), without
paraphvses. • Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, compressed, 3J-5
x2|-3| ,,n and 1J-2 fi thick. The asci soon disappear and the spo-
ridia are expelled in a cylindrical mass |-| mm. long and carrying along
with it the upper part of the perithecium clothed with its spreading

124

hairs. Ch. .sphmrospermum, C. & E. lias the same habit and otherwise
much resembles this, but has the apical hairs more branching and the
sporidia larger (7-8 p) and globose.

On the bass wood bottom and hickory hoops of a barrel standing
in a cellar at Newfield, N. J. and on an old wooden churn in a cellar,
at Manhattan, Kansas (Kellerman), on decaying paper, Columbia, Mo.
(Galloway), and Alabama (Atkinson).

The mode of branching is similar to that in Ch. chartarum, Ehr ,
the main axis being prolonged 10-15 p beyond the point of separation
or bifurcation, the prolongation being somewhat enlarged and hyaline.
In the Missouri specimens, the apical bristles were swollen at intervals.
This peculiarity was not observed in the other specimens.

Ch. pannosum, Wallr. PI. Cr. Ger. p. 267., Rab. Deutschl. Kr.
Flora I, p. 227. Zopf. Entw. der Asc. (Chactomium), p. 276.

Ch. velutinum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 90.
Exsicc. Kl. Herb. Mycol. II, 748.— M. March. 1548.— Roum. F. G. 51.— Rab. F. E. 2025.

Perithecia closely gregarious or also scattered and single, subglo-
bose, large (\-\ mm.), very fragile, dirty black; ostiolum large, short
and thick, papilliform and colorless; rhizoids (basal root-like hairs)
more numerous than in the other species. The perithecia are covered
with a dense coat of dark, rough, crisped and interwoven hairs, causing
them to appear confluent, forming continuous or partially interrupted,
dense, felt-like, black patches several centimeters in extent, much like
the subiculum of Ro&ellinia aquila. The lateral hairs are mostly simple
while the apical ones are longer, stouter and straighter, 7-8 p thick at
base and sparingly branched. Asci (sec. Zopf) club-shaped, with a
stipe-like base, reaching 100 p long by 15-20 p broad. Sporidia
viewed in front, broad-elliptical, plainly but briefly apiculate, viewed
edgewise, fusoid, 11-13 x 7-8 p.

On a rotten maple log, Oregon (Carpenter).

Ch. olivamini. C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 96.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 56.

Perithecia gregarious, ovate-globose, about 250 p high by 200 p
broad, thickly and evenly clothed with soft, granular-roughened, flex-
uous, sparingly septate, simple, greenish-yellow hairs 3-4 p thick, with-
out any very distinct apical tuft of coarser hairs, as is usual in most of
the species. Asci oblong-clavate, p. sp. 35-40 x 1 2 p. Sporidia
crowded, globose-elliptical, apiculate at each end, yellowish-brown,
9-12x8-9 p, (mostly 9-11 x7-8 p), with one or more nuclei.

On decaying stems of Erigeron, New Jersey and Louisiana.

125

Var. chartarum, (Ch. chartaru?n,Ehr. Sylva. p. 27)? issued in Ell.
& Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1541 as Ch. chartarum, Ehr., in Thuni. M.
U. 1942 and Roum. F. G. 4930, as Ch. olivaceum,G. & E., differs only
in its slightly smaller sporidia and color varying from nearly 1 thick
to mouse-color, but sometimes greenish-yellow as in the type.

Judging from the description of that species and the figure in
Corda's Tcones, this var. on paper can hardly be the genuine Ch.
chartarum, Ehr. which with Ch. Fieberi, Cda. and Ch. globosum. Kze.,
Dr. Zopf. includes in his Ch. Kunzeanum.

Ch. bostrychodes, Zopf, Entw. d. Chaet. p. 81. tab. 7, figs. 14-28.

Ch. caninum, E. & E- Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 79.
Exsicc. Sydow. M. March. 43. ? — Rab. F. E. 3340.

Perithecia small, elliptical, fusoid, or cylindrical, reaching 340 /i
high and 220 /i thick, brown, with a short, papillose, hyaline ostiolum.
Root-like hairs from the base (rhizoids) not very numerous. Apical
tuft consisting of regularly spirally bent, roughish hairs, Asci club-
shaped, p. sp. 20-22x7-10 fi with a stipe-like base 20-30 « long.
Sporidia ovate-globose or elliptical, somewhat flattened, 5-6 x 4-5 //,
olive-brown. On dog's dung and on an old cast-off leather shoe, Louis-
iana (Langlois), on the first named host, Long Island, N. Y. (Zabriskie).

Ch. lanosum, Pk., 28th Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. p. 64.

Exsicc. Roum. F. G. 4437 ?

Perithecia minute, subglobose, scattered or gregarious, densely cov-
ered with long woolly hairs, which are either dingy olivaceous or
mouse-colored. Asci short, broad, fugacious. Sporidia subglobose. at
first pale, then slightly colored, 7J-8J a diam. with a single large nu-
cleus.

On herbarium specimens of grasses, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

The specimens in Fungi Gallici above quoted have the asci (p. sj».)
35-40 x 12-15 jut with a stipe-like base 15-20 fi long. Sporidia closely
packed, globose-elliptical, yellowish-hyaline, very short-apiculate-point-
ed at each end, 10-13x8-10 p\ apical hairs very long, spreading,
smooth, very sparsely septate, brown, 5-6 ft diam., not abundant.
Perithecia \-\ mm. diam. with apex bare, black and shin in-.

Ch. funicolum, Cke. Grew I, p. 176.

Perithecia scattered, subovate, black: hairs of the vertex very
long, dichotomous or simple, erect, slender, acute, black. Sporidia
lemon-shaped, dingy brown.

126

On an old broom, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

This species is closely allied to Ch. elatum, but much smaller and
neater. It is wholly black and without the fibrous base of Ch. elatum.
The hairs are more delicate and not half the diameter, and the sporidia
are scarcely more than half as long and broad.

Ch. melioloides, C. & P. 27th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 106.

Perithecia scattered, minute, brown, globose, arising from a
branching, septate mycelium. Bristles black, rough, two or three
times dichotoinously branched above, the branches spreading. Sporidia
ovoid or subglobose, pale brown, 4-5x3-3 \ /jl.

On culms of Zea Mays, New York, New Jersey and Louisiana.

Differs from Ch. funicolum principally in its more branching-
hairs which cover the perithecia about uniformly above and below.

FAMILY. SORDARIEiE.

Perithecia either superficial or sunk in the matrix, with their upper
part more or less projecting or sometimes erumpent, without (or more
seldom) with a stroma, in which, when present, they are immersed:
of soft, watery substance, brown or black, often translucent, with a
decided round ostiolum. Asci generally with the apical membrane
strongly thickened; paraphyses present. Sporidia dark colored, one
or more-celled.

Mostly coprophilous ; short lived in comparison with the liosel-
liuias and other similar forms from which they are also distinguished
by their membranaceous or coriaceo-membranaceous perithecia.

SORDARIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema di Classif. d. Sferiacei, p. 51.

Without stroma. Perithecia immersed, often finally erumpent
and free, or superficial from the first, membranaceous, soft, black.
Sporidia one-celled, brown or black, without appendages but gar-
rounded with a gelatinous envelope.

S. humana, (Fckl.) (Plate 17)

Hypocopra humana, Fckl. Symb. p. 241.
Sordaria humana, Winter Die Deutschen Sordarien p. 21.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rhen. 1801.

Perithecia thickly gregarious, buried, globose, with a short, cyl-
indrical, top-shaped, bare, shining neck, black, glabrous, about \ mm-
diam. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, with an obtuse or flattened
apex which is strongly thickened, about 130x15 /*; paraphyses ven-

127

tricose. Sporidia 8, uniseriate, elliptical or subglobose, dark browns

with a gelatinous envelope, 15-21 x 10-15 ft.

On decaying human ordure, in damp woods, Newfield, N. J.

S. hippica, Sacc. Syll. 900.

Hypoxylon equinum, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 93.

" Perithecia springing from a thin, effused, white mycelium. ( )<\\-
ola black, papilliferum Sporidia short-cymbiform, 15 /i long."
On horse dung, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

S. leueoplaca, (Berk. & Rav.)

Sphceria leueoplaca, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 143.
Syn? S. minima, Sacc. & Speg Mich. I, 373, F. Ital. tab. 617.
Hypoeopra leueoplaca, Sacc. Syll. 887.
Kxsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. Kxsicc. IV, 61.

"Minute, black, seated on a broad, white-floccose spot: asci
linear; sporidia uniseriate, elliptical."

On cow dung, So. Carolina, (Ravenel).

The specimen in Rav. Car. affords the following characters. —
Perithecia scattered, erumpent, membranaceous, minute (90-120 ju), at
first clothed with short, spreading, black hairs, which soon disappear.
Ostiolum obtusely conical. Asci cylindrical, rounded at the apex,
p. sp. 40-45x7 (J.) paraphyses not seen. Sporidia uniseriate, short-
elliptical, becoming opake, 8-10 x 5-6 jut.

In Ravenel's specimen the manure is not much decayed, of a light
color and thickly sprinkled with the minute perithecia, which much
resemble those of Sjiorormia minima. Sor dar ia minima, S. A >..
differs from this only in being glabrous, but it may have been, like
this, hairy at first.

S. fimicola, (Rob.)

Sphczria fimicola, Rob. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. XI, p. 353.
Sor dar ia fimicola, Ces &De Not. Schema, p. 52.

Hypoeopra fimeti and stercoraria, Fckl. Symb. I, p. 240 & 241. (sec. Winter.)
Hypoeopra fimicola, Sacc. Syll. 869.

Sordaria Iowana, Ell. & Holw. Journ. Mycol. IV. p. 65.
Sor dar ia fimicola, Winter Pilze p. 166.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 903, 1001, 1802.— Kze. F. Sel. 101.— Rehm. Asc. 137, 300.— Sacc. M r
1181.— Sydow. M. March. 539.— Rab. F.F. 3254 — Krieg. F. Sax. 275.— Desm. Plantes
Crypt, de Fr. 2061.

Perithecia mostly densely gregarious, ovate, J mm. diam. the base
sunk in the matrix (without any stroma), the upper half or three-fourths
projecting, black, tuberculose-roughened, of coarse cellular Btructure
and membranaceous. Asci cylindrical, 107-114x12-15 // (p. sp.):
paraphyses ventricose. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, becoming opake,

128

18-20 x 8-12 ft, without any appendages but surrounded by a gelati-
nous zone, ends subacute.

On horse dung, Iowa and New Jersey, and on rabbit's dung, Can-
ada (Dearness), on decaying potato, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

Winter in Die Pilze makes the spore-bearing part of the asci
120-140 x 17-19. The form on potato has asci (p. sp.) 120-134 x 12-
15 /x, but in the fimicolous specimens, the asci are shorter. The breadth
of the sporidia as given in Journ. My col. is too small.

S. bombardioides, (Awd.) in literis.

Hypocopra bombardioides, Sacc. Syll. 847.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 1527.— Rehm. Asc. 233.

Perithecia superficial, scattered or collected in small, crowded
clusters or heaps, very large (| to 1 J mm. high), ovate-oblong or ven-
tricose-pyriforni, mostly somewhat contracted below, broadly rounded
above and subumbilicate, with a small papilla, of a tolerably firm, waxy-
carnose texture, chestnut-brown. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 140-170 x
16-18 [x (p. sp.) : paraphyses slender, filiform, jointed. Sporidia 8, ob-
liquely, uniseriate, or lying irregularly, elliptical, generally subinequi-
lateral, dark brown, with a gelatinous envelope, 22-26 x 12-14/*.

On horse dung, Mt. Shasta, California (Harkness).

S. sphaerospora, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia densely gregarious, ovate-globose, 250-300 u, covered,
but raising the surface of the matrix into little hemispherical promi-
nences, from the apices of which project the tubercular-papilliform,
obtuse, rough, black, bare ostiola. Asci cylindrical, subsessile, 150-
160x18-20 /jl, with very obscure paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate,
obovate-globose, hyaline at first with a broad, gelatinous margin, finally
opake and almost black, 20-22x18-20 ji.

On dung of dogs, Newfield, N. J.

Outwardly resembles Podospora coprophUa, (Fr.), but sporidia
not appendiculate and more nearly globose.

P0D0SP0RA, Cesati.

Rabh. Herb. Mycol. No. 259 and in Hedwigia I, p. 103. '

Without stroma. Perithecia at first more or less sunk in the
matrix, becoming finally more or less free, membranaceous, soft, black
of dark brown. Sporidia 1-celled, black or brown, with one .or more
appendages, mostly without any gelatinous envelope.

129

'od. coprophila, (Fries.)

Sphceria coprophila, Fr. S. M. II, p. 342.
Hypoxylon coprophilum, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 348.
Sordaria coprophila, Ces & De Not. Schema, p. 52.
Podospora coprophila, Winter, Pilze, p. 172.
Cercophora mirabilis, Fckl. Symb. p. 245.
Exsicc Fckl. F. Rh. 2271.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 257.— id. F. E. 830.— Rehm Asc. 198, 234.
Kll. N. A. F 409.— Sydow Myc. March. 864.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1492.

Perithecia crowded, subconfluent, at first covered, except the
black ostiolum, with a thin, white tomentum and immersed, but soon
more or less emergent and bare, ovate or pyriform, dirty black, osti-
olum obtuse, subcorneal. Asci pedicellate, cylindric-clavate, p. sp.
100-150 x 16-20 jut, 8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, ellipsoid, opake
(when mature), 18-25 x 8-10 /i, with a hyaline appendage below about
twice as long as the sporidium and terminated by two short, secondary
appendages, of which there is also one at the upper end of the spo-
ridium.

On cow dung, common.

Sec. Woronin this species has pyenidia and conidia. The first
consist of globose receptacles (perithecia), 50-70 // diam., pierced
above, with 10-12 bristles around the opening, discharging the minute,
hyaline, globose or ovate stylospores in the form of cirrhi. Tin
conidial apparatus consists of abundant, small, flask-shaped bodies aris-
ing from a mycelium, and filled with small, globose bodies which, when
discharged from the apical opening, surround themselves with a mem-
brane in which they are visible as a bright central nucleus. The
further development of these so-called conidia is still unknown. A
similar growth is also found with some other species of Sordariece.

Pod. curvula, (de Bary), var. abides, Winter,DeutschSord.p.39.

Sphceria valsoides, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 78.
Sordaria aloides, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. II, p. 43.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rhen. 2549.

Perithecia scattered, semiimmersed, black, globose-conical, about
1 mm. high, nearly smooth below, surrounded just below the apex by
4-8 compact tufts of hairs closely glued together and forming little
horn-like processes, which soon curve downward so as to bear Bome
resemblance to the leaves of an Aloe (whence the name), but finally
the hairs composing the tufts separate and stand erect. Asci long-Btip-
itate (p. sp. 146 x 26-28 fi Fckl.) Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong,
becoming opake,with a hyaline, straight appendage at the tower end,
about as long as the sporidium. Sporidia 34 x 16 // (Fckl.). 27-33 //
long, (Peck).
17

130

On cow dung, New York State (Peck), Iowa (Holway).

In the Iowa specimens, the perithecia are ovate-conical, about
1 mm. high and § mm. broad, the horn-like tufts of hair around the
vertex numerous, short and erect. Asci (p. sp.) 115-140x15-20/*.
Sporidia elliptical, 22-27 x 12-14 //, mostly biseriate above.

Pod. amphicornis, (Ell.)

Sphceria amphicornis, £11. Bull. Torr. Bot. Vol. VI, p. 109.
Sphceria eximia, Pk. 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 78.*

Perithecia superficial, coriaceo-membranaceous, ovate or ovate-
conical, |-| mm. high and about § as much broad, sparingly clothed
with straight, spreading, brown, septate hairs 50-100 /i long. Ostio-
lum broad-papilliform, bare and black. Asci ventricose-clavate, atten-
uated above, para physate, 140-1 60 x 25-35 //. Sporidia crowded-bi-
seriate, cylindrical, hyaline and nucleate at first, with a slender appen-
dage at each end about as long as the sporidium, finally acutely ellip-
tical and opake, with the terminal appendage about 20 x 5 //, rounded
and obtuse at the end, and the lower one of about the same length or
a trifle narrower, with a transverse septum about 12 /i from the end of
the sporidium. Each of these appendages, at a certain stage of growth,
has a slender, hyaline, thread-like prolongation several times longer
than the thicker, basal appendage, but this slender prolongation soon
disappears.

On rabbit's dung, New Jersey, and New York.

Differs from S. curvula, de Bary, in its sparsely scattered, not
fasciculate hairs, and the different character of the appendages of the
sporidia, which resemble more those of P. Jimiseda, Ccs. & De Not.
from which our species may be distinguished by its smaller, and less
densely hairy perithecia.

Pod, flmiseda, (Ces. & De Not.)

Sordaria Jimiseda, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 52.
Podospora fimicola, Ces. in Rab. Herb. Mycol. 259, and in Hedw. 1. c,
Podospora Jimiseda, Winter Pilze, p. 170.
Cercophora Jimiseda, Fckl. Synib. p. 244.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2037.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 259.— Rehm Asc. 235.

Perithecia scattered or collected in small groups, erumpent-super-
ficial, ovate-globose, attenuated above into a more or less distinct neck,
dark brown, thickly clothed all over with dark brown, short, septate
hairs, 1-1^ mm. high. Asci cylindrical, with a long, stipe-like base,
somewhat attenuated above, about \ mm. long, p. sp. 350-400 x 45-

*The 28th Report in which Peck's Sphseria eximia was published is dated Jan. 1875, but
was not given to the public until after Sphceria amphicornis was published in the Torr Bull,
in Sept. 1876.

131

70 fA, mostly 8-spored. Sporidia mostly biseriate, elliptical, 50-60 x
28-30 fi, dark brown, with a long, cylindrical, often curved appendage
of cellulose membranaceous structure below, and at the end of this
appendage, and also at the apex of the sporidium, with a gelatinous
appendage of various form. Paraphyses filiform, septate, longer than
the asci.

On cow dung, New York State (Peck).

Pod. striata, (E. & E.)

Sordaria striata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 79.

Gregarious. Perithecia ovate-conical, § mm. high and \ mm.
broad, black, tubercular-roughened, the tubercles seriate above so as
to cause the conical ostiola to appear striate. The tubercles are at
first capped with a few light colored granules, like grains of white
sugar, but these at length disappear. Asci linear-lanceolate, contracted
towards each end and perforated above, 200 ji long and over, (in-
cluding the filiform base) and 12-15 // wide, with abundant par-
aphyses. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, brown, 14-16x8-10 ti. the
upper end acute or with a short hyaline appendage 8-12 ji long, the
lower end prolonged into a yellowish-hyaline, cylindrical, curved
appendage 35-40 x 5 fi.

On decaying stems of some large weed. St Martinsville. La.
(Langlois).

Pod. penicillata, (E. & E.)

Sordaria penicillata, E. & E- Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 78.

Perithecia gregarious, ovate, \-\ mm. diam., at first entirely buri-
ed except the protruding ostiolum, at length with the upper half emer-
gent; ostiolum short-cylindrical or obtusely conical and surrounded by
a tuft of straight, erect, closely crowded, pale brown, continuous hairs
\-\ mm. long. Asci oblong-cylindrical, about 150 x 20-2.") //. 4-spored,
with indistinct paraphyses. Sporidia subhyaline and clavate-cylindri-
cal at first, then olivaceous with a single large nucleus, finally elliptical
and opake, 25-30 x 18-20 p, with a cylindrical, nearly straight, hyaline
appendage 12-15 x 4-5 /z at the lower end. and the upper end obtusely
pointed or subtruncate.

On an old decaying Chinese mat., St. Martinsville. La. (Langlois),
The measurements of the perithecia given in Journ. Mycol. for
this and Philocopra J idea were too small.

132

Pod. Brassicae. (Klotzsch).

Splicer ia Brassicae, Klotzsch in Smith's Engl. Flora V, p. 216.
Sphceria lanuginosa, Preuss in I,inn. 1853, XXVI, p. 714.
Arnium lanuginosum, Nits, in Fckl. Synib. Nachtr. I, p. 38.
Soidaria Curreyi, Awd. in Niessl Beitrag. p 42.
Sordaria lanuginosa, Sacc. Syll. 859.
Podospcrra Brassicae, Winter Pilze 2985.

Perithecia globose-conical, often curved, subtnracate above, dirty
gray-tomcntose, about 1 mm. high and f mm. thick, superficial. Asci
cylindrical, p. sp. 150-160x25-26 ft, stipitate. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, ovate-elliptical, 40-50x24 /i, dark brown, with a deciduous,
hyaline appendage at each end, or sometimes only below.

Dr. Harkness reports this as found in California on dead branches
of I/upinus arboreus. We have not seen the specimens and take the
diagnosis from Saccardo's Sylloge. The synonymy is from Winter's
Pilze, where the asci are given as 200-300x34-40 // for the spore-
bearing part, instead of 150-1 60 x 25-26 /j. as stated in Sylloge.

Pod. €alifornica, (Plowr.)

.Soidaria Californica, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 72, tab. 120, fig. 2.

Perithecia ovate, clothed with a dusky brown, felt-like coat, about
half sunk in the matrix, 1 mm. high, by about f mm. broad, the pro-
jecting apex more or less distinctly ridged, with the intervening fur-
rows more distinct and coarser than in Pod. striata, E. & E. Asci
subcylindrical, 300-350 x 15-20 /i, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-elliptical, 30-35 x 15-18 ju, subtruncate at base, with*
;i li valine, curved appendage about as long as the sporidium.

On cow dung, California (Harkness).

Our specimen from Dr. Harkness has the perithecia immature, the
sporidia being as yet hyaline, and consisting of a narrow-elliptical head
25 x 12 fj. with a long cylindrical tail below.

PHIL0C0PRA, Speg.

Nova Syst. Carp. Class, in F. Arg. Pug. I, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 249.

Perithecia semi-immersed, globose-conical, glabrous or hairy,
membranaceous, turning black. Asci very large, polysporous. Spo-
ridia polystichous, ovoid, brown, mostly with a hyaline appendage at
one or both ends.

Ph. liitea, (E. & E.) (Plate 18)*

.So/daria Intea, P). & K. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. nS.

Perithecia gregarious, f-1 mm. diam., membranaceous, conic-

*In explanation of PI. 18, instead of Podospora lutea read
Phiiocopra lutea.

globose, covered, except the papillose-conical, black ostiolum, with a
dense, light yellow tomentum composed of branching, slightly rough-
ened hairs. Asci lanceolate, rounded and perforated at the apex,
190-130 x 15 //. Sporidia 12-1(5 in an ascus, at first irermiform and
greenish-yellow, finally almond-shaped and opake, 14-16x7-8 '/. with
a cylindrical, curved appendage, 30-35x4 //. attached to its base and
a short, slender appendage, about 15 x 2 //. at the apex. The asci are
xvvy evanescent. The yellow cent also turns black al maturity. A
closely allied species, with sporidia 22-25x12-15 u. has been met
with on dead herbaceous stems, but we have not sufficient material to
give a full description.

On rotten wood (Acer and ITcdmia), in swampy woods, Newfield,
N. J., November. 1879, and August, 1887.

The perithecia are represented in the drawing (fig. 2) as attenu-
ated above into a distinct, beak-like neck. This is exceptional. Usu-
ally there is only the globose-conical, black ostiolum without any
distinct neck. The apical appendage is often only rudimentary <»V
wanting.

Ph. canina, (Pk.)

Sphceria canina, Pk. 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 78.
Philocopta canina, Sacc. Syll. 911.

''Perithecia minute, scattered or crowded, \\-n\ subglobose, red-
dish-brown or dark amber color, then blackish. Asci broad-oblong or
oblanceolate. Sporidia numerous, elliptical, slightly colored, 6j
long.'5

On dung- of dogs, Bethlehem, N. V. (Peck).

Ph. nmltifera, (B. & Rav.)

Sphceria miiUifera, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 143.
Philocopra multi/era, Sacc. Syll. 913.

"Minute, black, subglobose, Asci short, oblong, blunt, tilled
with numerous, subglobose, brown sporidia (1-7 // diam."
On cow dung, Pennsylvania.

HYPOCOPRA. Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 397, Winter Die Pilze. p. 177. fnon I'm k

Stroma present. Perithecia more or less sunk in the stroma.
Sporidia one-celled, brown or black, without appendages, but surrounded
by a gelatinous /one. Paraphyses present, filiform. Distinguished
from the species of Sordaria with gelatinous-zoned sporidia, by the
presence of a stroma.

i:;i

H. iinieti. (Pers.)

Sphand timed, lVrs. Syn. p. 64.
llvfxnopia fiineti, Vv. 1. c.

Sordaria fttmeti, Winter, Deutach, Sord. p. 14.
( 'oproUpaJlmeti, Sacc. Syli. 903.

Perithecia crowded or confluent, globose or ovate, 300-350 //
broad, ending above in a thick, conical, mostly oblique neck, and aboul
half sunk in the ihin, crustaceous, effused, black, slightly wrinkled, bare
stroma. Asci cylindrical, Bhort-stipitate, 140-150x17 n (p. Bp.), 8-
Bpored, with filiform paraphyses, Sporidia elliptic-oblong, dark brown,
18—20 x l- //. with a gelatinous envelope.

On horse dung, New York (Peck).

We have never met with this species, and give it on the author-
ity quoted. Diagnosis from Winter.

H. eq iionmi. (Fekl.) (Plate 17)

//i/Vt yton ,;/ii, >i nmh Pckl. H. Kh. 1058.
( 'of>toli-f>ii tfUOTMM, Fckl, Syinl). p. 240.

iaria quorum, Winter Deutach'. Sordar. p, 13.

//\/>t >(■(>/>>, 1 tguorwn, Winter Die Pilse 11, p, 17*.
Bxatec, Pcki i". Rh. 105s. eke, i". Brit id Ber. m and 94a.— Rehm Asc. 992.

Perithecia scattered, about | mm. diam., globose, pale brown,
their short, black, shining, papillose ostiola erumpenl through the thin,
crustose, black, rillose-tomentose, broadly effused stroma. Asci cylin-
drical, shoi-t-stipitatc, thickened at the apex. S-spored. 175-200X
16—18 -/I, shorter than the simple, filiform, septate paraphyses. Spo-
ridia obliquely uniseriate, elliptical, or elongated-elliptical, subinequi-

laleral. dark. 19-21 X 9-10 J*.

On horse dung in open woods, Newfield, N. .1.
Differs from H* fimeti in its villose stroma, larger, buried peri-
thecia and shorter ostiola.

SPORORMIA. De Not.

Micr. Ital. decas V, No. 6, (1849),

Perithecia innate-emergent, membranaceous, glabrous or sub-
glabrous, black, with papilliform ostiolum. Asci elongated, 8-spored.

Sporidia l-_0-eelled. the cells soon separating, dark colored, mostly
fimicolons.

Sp. iiiiiiima. Awd. Hedwigia Y1I1. p. 66. (Plat* IS)

Bxalcc Rab, P. K. 1339, -Rehm Aac. 34 Thum, m c. --107. --kii. n. a. f. ios.
Perithecia scattered, about half sunk in the matrix. 100-114//

diam.. membranaceous, black, bare, with a very small, papilliform

135

ostiolum. Asci oblong-cylindrical, with a short stipe, 8-spored, 80-90 x
12-15//. Sporidia overlapping-fasciculate, parallel, nearly straight,
4-celled, rounded at both ends, 25-30 x 4-6 jut, the two middle cells
6 £-7 J [i long, the end cells mostly a little longer. The four cells of
the sporidia readily separate from each other.

Common on cow dung, also on rabbits' and goats' dung, around
Newfield, N. J., and probably throughout the country.

Sp. intermedia, Awd. Hedw. VII, p. 67.

Exsicc. Kunze F. Sel. 67.--R.ab. F. E. 644.— Rehm Asc. 134.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, buried, except the short, papil-
liform or subglobose ostiolum, small (150-200 jut), black, bare, carnose*
membranaceous. Asci oblong, ovate, or nearly cylindrical, 112-125 x
20-24 /i (1 1 8-1 75 x 24-30 jjl, Winter), briefly stipitate and paraphysate.
Sporidia 2-3-seriate, partly overlapping each other, cylindrical, straight
or slightly curved, rounded at the ends, 4-celled, 43-54// long, the end
cells ovate-cylindrical, 12-15 jx long, the two intermediate cells barrel*
shaped, about 12x8-10 jut, the joints readily separating.

On rabbits' dung, and cow dung, Newfield, N. J.

Sp. herciilea, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, semiimmersed, ovate-globose, |-J mm. diam.,
with a short, cylindrical or tuberculiform, rough ostiolum. Asci ven-
tricose-oblong, 250-342 x 50-60 jut, with a short, nodulose stipe, and
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia fusoid-cylindrical, 10-13-jointed, 112-
152x14-16 jjt, terminal joints ovate-conical, 15-18x12 ji, the others
slightly flattened-globose, about 15 x 12 /i, the longer diameter being
transverse. The 4th or 5th cell from the upper end of the sporidium
is usually larger, 22x20 jut. The joints readily separate, and the
entire sporidium is at first enclosed in a thin, gelatinous envelope.

This is easily distinct from all the allied species.

On cow dung, Newfield, N. J.

Sp. flmetaria, De Not. Micr. Ital. dec. V, p. 10.

Spharia fimetaria, Rab. Herb. Mycol. Ed. I, 1733.

Perithecia depressed-globose, membranaceous, with a simple, per*
lorn ted ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, attenuated below into a short stipe,
80-100 x 14-16 ji. Sporidia 1 6-20-celled, rod-shaped, lying parallel.
without any visible gelatinous envelope, 55-60 x 3-4 //, medial cells
about 2| jut, and terminal ones 4 p. long

On cow dung. South Carolina (Ravenel).

136

SPORORMIELLA, E. & E. dov. gen.
Perithecia soft-carnose, embedded in a flattish, semiimmersed, sub-
earnose stroma. Asci and sporidia as in Sporormia.

S. nigropurpiirea, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia globose or slightly ovate-globose, about I mm diam.,
thick-walled, soft, and buried in the soft, flattish stroma, which is
|-1 cm. across, or by confluence more, slightly raised above the surface
of the matrix, dark gray outside, and, like the perithecia, purplish-
black within. Ostiolum subtubercular, erumpent, perforated. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 100-125 x 10-12 p. Sporidia mostly biseriate, at
least above, cylindrical, nearly straight, 4-jointed, hyaline at first, soon
dark brown, 1 6-20 x 4-5 p, terminal joints subovate, intermediate ones
subglobose, about 4 p diam. Asci with a short, narrow stipe. Par-
aphyses linear, nucleate.

On cow dung, Newfield, N. J.

Delitschia bisporula, (Crouan).

Hormospora bisporula, Crouan, Finist. p. ax.

Delitschia bisporula, Hansen's Fungi Danici. p. 107, tab. IX, figs. 7-1 1.

This species has been figured (Plate 17) to illustrate the genus,
though, as far as we know, it has not yet been found in this country.
Delitschia may be briefly characterized as a Sordaria with uniseptate
sporidia.

FAMILY. TRICHOSPHJIRIEJ].

Perithecia from the first superficial or erumpent, without any
stroma, coriaceous or membranaceous, or sometimes subcarbonaceous,
generally clothed with bristles or hairs, often with a more or less
strongly developed, felt-like layer of conidia-bearing hyphse over-
spreading the matrix.

VENTUR1A, Ces. & De Not.

Schema d. Classif. p. 51, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 586.

Perithecia superficial or erumpent, bristly, ostiolate, membrana-
ceous. Asci sessile or briefly stipitate, 8-spored, mostly without par-
aphyses. Sporidia oblong or ovoid-elliptical, uniseriate, hyaline or
yellowish, mostly foliicolous.

Coleroe, (Fr.), which comprises only species with strictly super-
ficial perithecia, is here included in Venturia.

l.T

A. On woody dicotyledonous plants.

pulcheila, C. & P. 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 106.

Perithecia minute, hypophyllous, crowded. 15-40 together in
small (H-2| mm.), orbicular or subangular patches, and clothed with
short, stout, spine-like bristles 20-40x4-5 p. Asci cylindrical, or
clavate-cylindrical, 60x7 /jl, with imperfectly developed paraph
Sporidia uniseriate, uniseptate, yellowish, 7-9 x 3 /i.

On living leaves of Cassandra calyculata, New Jersey to ( Sanada.

V. orbieula, (Schw.)

Sphceria orbieula, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1789.
Venturia orbieula, C. & P. 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 105.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 855 —Rab. Winter F. E. 3143— Rav. Car. IV, 64— Ell. N. A. F. 700.
EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 1687.

Perithecia minute, globose, superficial, clothed with black, per-
sistent, spreading hairs, collected in orbicular groups 3-G mm. diam.

The perithecia are often more crowded around the margin of the groups,
so as to form a narrow, black circumscribing line. Asci short, sub-
clavate. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, the cells often unequal, 10 x 2-
2^ /i. Often sterile.

On leaves of various species of oak, New Jersey and New York,
west to Kansas.

A Yar. occurs on fallen leaves of Quercus coccinea, with the peri-
thecia irregularly scattered (var. sparsa E. & E.)

V. ditricha, (Fr.)

Sphcsria ditricha, Fr. S. M. II, p. 515.
Vermicularia ditricha, Fr. Summa. Veg. Sc. p. 420.
Venturia maculans, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 81, id. 30th Rep. p. 77-
Venturia ditricha, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 188.
Sphceria ditricha, Fckl. Symb. p. 100.
Exsiec, Fckl. F. Rh. 568.— Rehm Asc. 597, 792 — Thum. F. Austr. 247.— id M
Krgr. F. Sax. 232.— Sydow. M. March. 982.

Perithecia very small, emergent, mostly hypophyllous, subgre*
garions, seated on gray, indeterminate, confluent spots. depr<
shpseroid, black, with a papilliform ostiolum and a few (4-10). spread-
ing, continuous, black, bristle-like hairs. Asci with a very short stipe,
oblong-cylindrical, 35-45x10-12 ,u, S-spored, with obscure paraph
Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, uniseptate, greenish-hyaline, 12-1 6i
5-6 p, lower cell narrower.

On fallen birch leaves, New York (Peck).
18

138

V. chlorospora, (Ces.)

Sphceria chlorospora, Ces. Erb. critt. Ital. n. 296. •
Sphcerella chlorospora, I)e Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 85, tab. xevii.
Venturia chlorospora, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 189 and Sacc. F. Ital. tab. 349.
Sphcerella inaequalis, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1866, tab. 50, fig. 26.
Sphcerella cinerascens, Fleischak Rab. F. E. 845.
Sphcerella dilricha, Awd. Rab. F. E. 933 (pr. p.)
Sphcerella canescens, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 189.
Didymosphaeria inaequalis, Niessl in Rab F. E. 2663.
Venturia inaequalis, Winter in Thum. M. U. 1544.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1776.— Rab. F. E. 48, 845, 943, 2054, 2663.— Rehm Asc. 292, 445.
Thum. M. U. 650, 1544.

Perithecia subglobose, 50 [i diam., clothed with rigid, very black
hairs thickened at the base and 40-50 x 4 p.. Asci cylindric-clavateT
8-spored, aparaphysate, 50-60x13-14 p. Sporidia subbiseriate, ob-
long-ovate, 14-16x6-6^ //, uniseptate,, scarcely constricted, of a clear,
light yellow color.

On leaves of Salix herbacea and S. glauca, Godthaab, Green-
land.

V. asterinoides, E. & M. (in Herb.)

Perithecia superficial, scattered, conic-convex, 110-140 p. diam.r
ostiolum papilliform, clothed with a few long (100-200 x 3 //), spread-
ing, continuous or faintly-septate, brown hairs, surrounded by a scanty
mycelium. Asci oblong, subsessile, 35-40x12-15 /i, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia biseriate, clavate-oblong, hyaline, uniseptate, 12-15x3-4 p.
This is an Asterina, but for the hairy perithecia.

On leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Dr. Martin).

V. Clintonii, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 82.

Gregarious in indeterminate, suborbicular patches. Perithecia
nearly free, globose, black, hispid, with a few straight, black bristles.
Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, obovate, uniseptate, yellowish or yel-
lowish-brown, 10 /j. long, the septum usually nearer the small end.

On the under surface of fallen leaves of Comus, New York State
(Clinton).

V. Kalmise, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 82.

Perithecia minute, prominent, centrally aggregated on small, orbic-
ular, brown spots or scattered along the midrib, black-bristly, with
straight, rigid, divergent, black hairs. Asci subcylindrical, 35 (i long.
Sporidia oblong or subfusiform, minutely nucleate, 8|-9 /i long.

On the upper surface of leaves of Kalmia glauca, Kasoag, N. Y.
(Peck).

i:;«.<

Specimens found at Newfield, N. J., June, 1880, on leaves of
Kalmia angustifolia, have the perithecia 65-75 ft diam., bristles 40-
70 x 4 ft. Asci oblong-ovate, 30-^5 x 1 2 ft, without paraphyses. 8pi >-
ridia biseriate, fusoid, 9-12x3-4 fi, 4-nucleate when first Pound, new
(1890) distinctly uniseptate.

V. applanata, Ell. & Martin, Am. Nat. 1884, p. 69.

Perithecia hypophyllous, lenticular, 100 ft diam., pierced in the
center, texture subradiate-cellular, with 12-15 erect, sparingly septate
bristles 70-100 ft long. Asci oblong, about 40x10-12 ft, sessile,
without paraphyses. Sporidia in two or three series, ovate-oblong,
uniseptate, yellowish, 10-12x3 ft.

On living leaves of Magnolia glauca, Florida.

T. formosa, Ell. & Martin, (in Herb.)

Perithecia hypophyllous, scattered, depressed-spherical, 220-300 ft
diam., with long (100-175x5-6 ft), spreading, septate, obtuse, pale
brown hairs around the sides and base, and a few shorter ones above.
Ostiolum indistinct or wanting. Texture of perithecia thin-membra-
naceous, fragile, pale. Asci about 50x20 ft, sessile and without par-
aphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, yellowish, uniseptate, 20-
23 x 7-8 ft.

On living leaves of Ol ea Americana, Florida, 1885.

V. myrtilli, Cke. in Journ. Bot. (1866), p. 245, tab. L, fig. 4.

Spharia Vaccinii, Fckl. Symb. p. 106 (1869).

Perithecia amphigenous, scattered or gregarious, superficial, black,
very small, armed with long, spine-like, black bristles. Asci broad ;»r
the base, narrowed above, 50 x 12-14 ft, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate
or crowded in the lower part of the asci, ovoid-oblong, uniseptate, not
constricted, straight, greenish-hyaline, 12-14x4-5 ft.

On fallen leaves of Vaccinium f New York (Peck \,

V. curviseta, Pk. 35th Rep. p. 46.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1356.

Perithecia numerous, often crowded, minute 7.~>-liM> u diam.
(mostly not over 75 //), globose, crowned above, with 5-8 divergent,
broadly curved, black bristles 75-125 x4 ft. Asci oblong, attenuated
above, often slightly curved, 40-50 ft long. Sporidia crowded or
biseriate, oblong, 10i-12Jx4-5 /i, hyaline, tin' apper cell broad

On fading leaves of Nemopanthes Canadensis. Center, V ^

140

V. Arctostaphyli, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 20.

Amphigenous, scattered, l)lack. Perithecia subglobose, super-
ficial, strigose, 120-150 a diani., clothed with rigid, acicular hairs
80 fi long. Asci obclavate, sessile, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical
rounded at the ends, scarcely constricted, uniseptate, yellowish, 12-1
x5 tt.

On dead leaves of Arctostaphylus) California (Harkness).

V. Cassandrae, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 104.

Exsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d ser. 2363.

Spots reddish-brown or brownish, sometimes with a grayish cen-
ter. Perithecia amphigenous, minute (70-80 fi), black, with a few
short, straight, diverging, black bristles 30-40 ti long around the
apex. Asci oblong, gradually and slightly narrowed above, 40-45 x
8-10 a. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, quadrinucleate, 12 x 5 /i.

On living leaves of Cassandra ealyculata, Caroga, N. Y.. and on
leaves of Andromeda poli/blia, London, Canada (Dearness).

The perithecia are found mostly on the lower side of the leaf.
They are so small as to be scarcely visible to the naked eye. Some-
times they emerge from beneath the scales of the leaf, so as to appear
erumpent, but they are really superficial.

In the Canada specimens the asci are 40-45 x 1 5-20 p. Sporidia
ovate-oblong, 12-18x4-5 /;., which are about the same as our meas-
urements of the asci and sporidia in a specimen from Peck.

V. pezizoidea, Sacc. & Ell. Mich. II, p. 567.

Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 1355.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, hypophyllous, globose.
80-115 [x diam., thickly clothed with dark, bristle-like, spreading
hairs 60-100 x 5 p. Texture of the perithecia (which finally collapse),
very thin and pale. Asci oblong-cylindrical, sessile, 30-35 x 7-8 ti,
with paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, subcylindrical, hyaline, (8-1 Ox
2 ft, Sacc.)

On fallen leaves of Andromeda racemosa, Xewfield, N. J.

The bristles are abundant, and those arising from the lower part
of the perithecia are slightly curved inwards. The specc. examined
were immature and the sporidia continuous.

V. cupulata, E. & M. Am. Xat. 1884, p. 69.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1298.

Perithecia hypophyllous, scattered, superficial, astomous. about
300 it. diam., bristly below, bare and collapsing above,. Bristles dark

brown, 180-210 x 5-6 //.. Asci oblong, about 48x12 //, 8-gpored, ml
sessile. Sporidia biseriate, obovate, uniseptate, hyaline, 12-13x4-
On living loaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin).

V. erysipheoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 128.

Perithecia gregarious, black, globose, about 100 ii diam., broadly
perforated above, beset with scattering, rigid, black, continuous bris-
tles 40-70 x ~)-G fi. Asci oblong, sessile, without paraphyses, 40-45 \
7-8 /a. Sporidia crowded, fusiform, hyaline, slightly curved. 5-6-
nucleate, about 20 x 2J fx. This differs from V. graminicola, Winter,
in its smaller perithecia (80-110 #) with shorter, lateral bristles, and
in its narrower sporidia (2-2i fi). The number of bristles on a peri-
thecium is generally not over ten or twelve and they stand out hori-
zontally or nearly so, reminding one of some of the Erysiphem.

On dead culms or sheaths of Panicum Curtwi, Louisiana i Lang-
lois).

V. Barbula, (B. & Br.)

Sphcrria Barbula, B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist. No. 870, tab. io, fig. 20.
Venturia Barbula, B. & Br. Cke. Hndbk. No. 2784.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 293, Ell. N. A. F. 792 (y a.r. foliicola).

Perithecia subcespitose, globose, collapsing, rather thickly clothe]
with short (25-35 x 4 p), straight spines. Asci cylindrical. (IO x (5 //.
with scanty paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, hyaline, uniseptate, 8-10
x4| /a, often surrounded by a thin, gelatinous zone.

On bark of pine trees, England and Germany.

Var. foliicola (N. A. F. 1. c.) on dead leaves of Pinus rigida,
still attached to the branches, in a fallen tree top, at Newfield, X. J.,
differs from the type in its foliicolous growth, scattered perithecia and
narrower sporidia (8-10x3-4 p.

The typical form, on bark, has not yet (as far as we know) been
found in this country.

V. eincinnata, (Fr.)

Sphceria eincinnata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 451.
Venturia eincinnata, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 405.

Perithecia amphigenous, superficial, solitary, black. \w\ small,
conic-cylindrical, smooth, ostiolum hardly visible, crowned with 8 tuft
of erect black hairs about as long as the diameter of the perithecium.
Sometimes the perithecium is also surrounded by hairs at the b
On the upper surface of the leaves, the perithecia arc less perfect and
nearly globose.

142

On decaying leaves of Oxycoccus {Vaccinium) palustris, Taser-
miut, Greenland, on green leaves of Oxycoccus macrocarpus, Penn-
sylvania (Schweinitz).

In the Greenland specc. the asci are narrowed above from a
broad base, 85-95 x 20-25 p. Sporidia ovoid-oblong, uniseptate and
constricted, at first hyaline, then olivaceous, 24-32x8-10 p.

V. compacta, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 106.

Perithecia minute, (200-230 //), subglobose with a papilliform
ostiolum, collected in dense clusters or groups, 15-30 together, on the
lower side of the leaves, thickly covered with short, spine-like, black
bristles 25-40x3-4 p. Asci fasciculate, clavate-cylindrical, about
40 x 6 p, with abundant paraphyses more or less branched. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate or subbiseriate above, oblong-ovate, subolivaceous,
12-15 fi long.

On living leaves of Vaccinium macrocarpon, New York (Peck),
northern New Jersey (Halsted).

Specimens from Maine have the perithecia less compactly grouped;
mostly in small, orbicular patches margined by a circle of perithecia,
as in V. orbicula.

V. Gaultherise, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 153.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1686.

On orbicular, dark brown, \ mm. spots, which are mostly of a
lighter color (gray) in the center. Perithecia scattered, orbicular
(75 p), membranaceous and rather coarsely cellular, with a few black,
continuous, straight, spreading, 35 x 3 p. bristles above. Asci ovate-
oblong, 30-35 x 8-1 1 /i, broader and slightly curved below, sessile,
without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, subhyaline (with a greenish-
yellow tint), ovate-oblong, 3-4-nucleate, uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted at the septum, 11-14x3 p.

On living leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, Newfield, N. J.
B. Growing on herbaceous plants.

V. Dickiei, (B. & Br.)

Sphceria Dickiei, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 617., tab. X, fig. 8.
Lasiobotrys LinncECE Dickie, Berk. Outl, p. 404.
Venturia Dickiei, de Not. Schema, Sfer. p. 51.

Perithecia crowded in orbicular groups 1-1 J mm. across, epiphyl-
lous, erumpent, becoming superficial, seated on a filamentose subiculum,
subspherical, black, clothed above with spine-like bristles 40-80 p long.
Ostiolum papilliform. Asci sessile, elongated, obtuse, 35-40 x 8-10 p

Sporidia biseriate, oblong, 4-nucleate, at length often oniseptate,

greenish-hyaline (finally darker), straight, 10-14 x 3-4 /i.

On dying leaves of Linncea borealis, New Hampshire (Farlow),

New York State (Peck),

\/ \ ^KAlchemillae, ^Grev.)

Asteroma Alchemillae, Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 369.
Dothidea ceramioides , Duby. Bot. Gall. II, p. 715.
Chcetomium Alchemillae, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II, p. 873.
Dolhidea Alchemillae, Rab. Deutschl Krypt. Flora I, p. 165.
Stigmatea Alchemillae, Fr. Summa. Veg. Sc. p. 423.
Venturia Alchemillae, B. & Br. Not. Brit. Fungi 1493.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 425.— Rab. F. E. 986. 2056.— Thum. M. U. 1835.

Epiphyllous, black, seated on pallid spots. Perithecia subpromi-
nent, globose-conical, seriate on fibrils radiating from a central point.
subconnate or somewhat scattered, Bubsuperficial, sparingly clothed
with acute, small bristles 20x2 /jt. Asci subclavate, 35-40 2
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uniseptate, slightly constricted,
4-nucleate, 8-10x3±-4| p.

On leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris, Godthab & Kobbefiord, Green-
land.

C. On Monocotyledonous plants and on Cryptogams.

V. sabalicola, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada.. .Inly. 1 890.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, globose, 1 25-1 35 /£ diam.,

pierced above, beset with stout, straight, black bristle- 50-80x6
Asci oblong-clavate, 50-60x7-8 fi, without paraphysea S] iridin
crowded-biseriate, fusoid-oblong, hyaline, 4-nucleate, (becoming uni-
septate)? 10-13 x2J-3/i.

On dead leaves of Sabal Palmetto, Bayou Chene, La. 1 Langlois).
V. parasitica, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. I. <•.

Perithecia densely gregarious, globose, 90-100 ft diam., collaps-
ing above, sparingly clothed with spreading, straight, rigid, continuous
spines or bristles about 35 p long and 5 p tbick at the base. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, about 25x5 /<, without any paraphyses. Sporidia
oblique or subbiseriate, fusoid, slightly curved, about 4-nucleate,
hyaline, 6-8 x 2 p.

Parasitic on old H 'ypoxyl 'on (perforatum)? on bark of Magnolia,
near St. Martinsville, La. (Langlois

144

LASIOSPH J]RIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema Sfer. p. 55.

Perithecia superficial, villose, tomentose or strigose. Asci elon-
gated, with fugacious paraphyses. Sporidia hyaline or subhyaline,
cylindrical or vermiform, mostly one-or more-septate.
A. Sporidia 'l-or-more-s&ptate.

L. hirsiita, (Fr.)

Sphceria hirsuta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 449.
Lasiosphceria hirsuta, Ces. & De Not. 1. c.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 950.— Ell. N. A. F. 893.— Roum. F. Gall. 793.

Perithecia mostly gregarious, on a thin subiculum of brown, creep-
ing, broadly effused hyphas, globose or subovate, about J mm. or a
little more in diain., tubercular-roughened, dull black, clothed with
scattered, brownish-black, spreading hairs. Texture coriaceo-membra-
naceous. Asci cylindrical, mostly narrowed above, p. sp. 150 x 12-15 /i,
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, vermiform-cylindrical, narrower and
curved below, hyaline, nucleate, becoming yellowish and more or less
distinctly 5-7-septate, 55-60 x 5-6 /i.

On rotten wood, Canada, Carolina, Louisiana, New Jersey and
west to Iowa and Montana.

The Louisiana specc. have the head of the sporida ovate-elliptical,
subolivaceous, but not brown, 8-10 /jl thick. Sporidia about 55 ji long.

L. Rhacodium, (Pers.)

Sphceria Racodium, Pers. Syn. p. 74.

Lasiosphceria Rhacodium, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 55.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 951.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 649.— id. F. Fur. 829.— Sydow. M. March 381.

Perithecia gregarious, \ mm. diam., coriaceo-membranaceous,
seated on a felt-like subiculum of black, branching, interwoven hyphas,
clothed with spreading, black hairs. Asci stipitate, fusoid-clavate,
about 180 [x long by 10-15// thick. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical,
curved below, hyaline or yellowish, faintly septate, 50-60 x 4-6 [i.

On rotten wood, Carolina to Michigan and Canada.

The orthography "Rhacodium" is doubtless etymologically cor-
rect, though Persoon wrote Racodium. This is scarcely more than a
form of L. hirsuta, Fr., with the subiculum more highly developed.

L. emergens, (Schvv.)

Sphceria emergens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1534.
Lasiosphceria emergens, Schw. Grev. XV. p. 82.

Scattered, emerging from a subiculum resembling a loose tomen-
tum, which consists at first of threads erect or creeping loosely on the

wood, finally more compact and interwoven. Perithecia ovate-conical.
rugulose, black or brown, confluent with the ostiolum, and clothed
with numerous long, divergent, black, loose (not rigid) hairs. At a
more advanced stage the perithecia are often found broken, leaving
little pits in the subiculum. Sporidia (sec. Cooke, Grev. XV. p. 82)
30-32 ft long.

On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).

Allied to L. JRhacodium. Differing principally (sec. Schw.) in
the loose surface of the subiculum, the shape of the perithecia, and
their loose, hairy covering.

L. hispida. (Tode.)

Spkceria hispida, Tode. Fungi Meckl. II, p. 17.
Lasiosphcrria hispida, Fckl. Symb. p. 147.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 949, 2039.— Thum. M. U. 1745.— Sydow M. March. 1482.

Perithecia mostly closely gregarious, ovate-globose, § mm. diam.,
with a large, subconical, often compressed or deeply quadrisulcate
ostiolum, clothed with spreading, brownish-black, scattering, bristle-like
hairs, which are longer below, and pass gradually into a loosely inter-
woven subiculum of branched, septate, creeping hyphae forming a more
or less distinct layer on the matrix. Asci cylindrical, with a short
stipe, 150-160 x 14—16 p. Sporidia vermiform-cylindrical, curved he-
low, becoming brown, and 6-7-septate, 55-62x5-7 fi.

On wood of Juglans nigra. North Carolina (Curtis).

Winter makes the sporidia 70-80x7-8 a. We cannot find any
in specimens issued by Thiimen & Sydow over 62 or 63 fi long, (mostly
between 55 and 60 //).

This seems to differ from L. hirsuta principally in its bristly per-
ithecia. L. hirsuta, L. Rhacodium, and L. hispida are very closely
allied. Fries (in S. M. II, p. 450), expresses some doubt as to whether
they are specifically distinct, or at least, says that it is difficult to sep-
arate them.

L. orthotricha, (B. & (.)

SphcFria orthotricha, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 10S.
Lasiosphceria orthotricha, Sacc. Syll. 3551.

Perithecia gregarious but scarcely crowded, clothed with long,
straight, acute hairs. Sporidia linear, with 6 septa, .50-62 // long,
dark brown, sometimes slightly curved.

On decayed Nyssa, South Carolina.

The characters given do not separate this accurately from L.
hispida, (Tode).
19

146

L. Ciesariata, (C. & P.)

Sphceria Cczsariata, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 60.
Lasiosphceria ccesariata, Sacc. Syll. 3541.

Perithecia gregarious, about 300 /u diam. subglobose, papillate,
black, shining, beset with scattered, erect, rigid, septate, black hairs.
Asci cylindrical or clavate. Sporidia biseriate, narrowly' fusiform,
5-7 -septate, greenish, 37-42 ft long, each cell nucleate.

On decaying wood, Portville, X. Y. (Peck).

L. iiiutabilis, (Pers.)

Sphceria mutabilis, Pers. Syn. p. 72.

Lasiosphceria mutabilis, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. I, p. 14.

Perithecia scattered or crowded, tolerably large, spherical, black,
clothed except the large, black, projecting, papilliform ostiolum, with
a fine yellow-green tomentum which finally turns brown and disappears.
Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, curved, fusoid, 4-celled, hyaline, 20 fi
long.

On rotten wood, Pennsylvania* (Michener).

L. viridicoma, (C. & P.)

Sphceria viridicoma, C. & P. 29th. Rep.N. Y. vState Mus. p. 64.
Lasiosphceria viridicoma, Sacc. Syll. 3546.

Perithecia erumpent, then superficial, two or three together, ovate,
black, 75-100 /i diam., clothed with a dense, greenish tomentum.
Ostiola thick, prominent, naked. Asci clavate or cylindrical. Spo-
ridia biseriate, lanceolate, uniseptate and nucleate, becoming 3-septate
and deeply constricted at each septum, hyaline, 35-45 x 7 J— 10 p, the
two middle cells nearly globose.

On decaying beech wood, N. Y. (Peck).

L. sublanosa. (Cke.)

Sphceria sublanosa, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 41.
Metasphceria sublanosa, (Cke.) Sacc. Syll. 3439.

Perithecia crowded, superficial or erumpent-superficial, ovate,
black, J-f mm. diam., seated on the bark or on the wood under the
bark, which is then thrown off, clothed at first with coarse, sparingly
septate, crisped, gray hairs, 80-150x5-7 /*, at length partially bald,
surface coarsely tubercular-roughened, especially above, and the apex
generally deeply and coarsely 3-4-sulcate-cleft. Asci lanceolate, short-
stipitate, 80-100 x 10-12 /jl, attenuated above, and at first with a knob-
like enlargement at the tip. Paraphyses indistinct. Sporidia biseriate,

147

cylindrical, nucleate, slightly rounded at the ends, yellowish-hyaline,

22-28x4-5 ft (35x5 //cke.)

On decaying Andromeda, Newfield, N. J.

Allied to L. canescens, (Pcrs.) The sporidia become finally 1-3-
septate.

B. Sporidia uniseptate.

L. Coiilteri, (Pk.)

Sphczria Coulteri, Pk. in Hayden's U. S. Geolog. Survey, 1872, p. 792.
Lasiosphczria acicola, Cke. Grew VIII, p. 87.
Enchnosphczria Coulteri, Sacs. Syll. 3600.
Amphisphtzria f acicola, Saec. Syll. 2753.
Neopeckia Coulteri, Sace. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 127.
Exsice. Ell. N. A. F. 1342.

Perithecia subglobose, \-\ mm. diam., thin and fragile, brown-
nlack, partly immersed in a compact, brown, copious subiculum of inter-
woven threads, which envelop the leaves and bind them together ; osti-
olum papilliform, black. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 150x15 /£, with a
short stipe and abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-
elliptical, slightly narrowed at the ends, uniseptate and constricted,
brown, 20-30 x 8-10 p.

On dead leaves of pine. Common in the Rocky Mountain region.

Fine specc. were found by Mr. Suksdorf on Pinus albicaulis, on
Mt. Paddo,Washington, at an altitude of 6000 or 7000 ft.

Ilerpotrichia nigra Hartig. in Allesch. and Schnabl. F. Bavar.
No. 70 has the same general appearance as this but differs in its shorter
asci and 3-septate, subbiseriate sporidia In the specc. of H. Coulteri
we have found only one septum in the sporidia, which are decidedly
brown, while in the Bavarian fungus, they are (at least in the specimen
quoted) hyaline.

L. luteobasis, (Ell.)

Sphceria luteobasis, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club VI, p. 134.
Byssosphczria luteobasis, Cke. Syn. 2572.
Eutypa luteobasis, Saec. Syll. 639.
Exsice. EH. N. A. F. 90.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1959.

Perithecia superficial or subsuperficial, ovate, of medium size.
either seriately arranged or collected in compact groups of 6-10, at
first enveloped, except the black, broad, even or faintly radiate-sulcate
ostiola, in a densely matted, light yellow tomentum composed of
smooth, branching, sterile hairs. Asci long and narrow (80-100x5 it).
the spore-bearing part only about 35 // long. Sporidia biseriate, cylin-
drical, slightly curved, olive-brown, 8-10xlJ-2 ^e, 3-4-nucleate and at
length uniseptate. The yellow mycelium which penetrates deeply into
the rotten wood is verv distinct and noticeable.

148

On decaying, decorticated limbs of Quercus coccinea or perhaps
Q. rubra, lying on the ground, Newficld, N. J.

The specc. on pine wood, in N. A. F. 90, are Kalmusia parallela,
(Ft.), which differs in its buried perithecia and absence of the yellow
mycelium.

L. Vermicularia, (Nees.)

Sphceria Vermicularia, Nees. Syst. p. 311, fig. 347.
TrichosphcEria Vermicularia, Fckl. Symb. p. 145.
Eriosphceria Vermicularia, Sacc. Syll. 2328.
Lasiosphceria Vermicularia, Cke. Syn. 2713.

Perithecia crowded, ovate, subdepressed, astomous, black, very
small, covered all over with erect, black bristles. Asci oblong, stipi-
tate, 8-spored, 56x7 /i. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, uniseptate,
hyaline, 8x 3 /i.

On rotten pine wood, Carolina.

L. xestothele, (B. & C.)

Sphceria xestothele, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 107,
Lasiosphceria xestothele, Sacc. Syll. 3548.

Perithecia crowded, connected with brown, woolly matter. Osti-
olum naked, perforated, tinged with rufous. Sporidia biseriate, fusi-
form, uniseptate, hyaline, 20 fx long.

On branches of Cornus Jlorida, South Carolina (Ravenel), New
York (Peck).

L. canescens, (Pers.)

Sphceria canescens, Pers. Syn. p. 72, Fr. S. M. II, p. 448.
Lasiosphceria canescens, Karst. Mycol. Fennica II, p. 162.

Perithecia gregarious, sometimes connected by a stromatic crust,
ovoid, about \ mm. diam., densely clothed with rigid, spreading,
coarse, light brown, continuous hairs 100-150x10-12 ll thick near
the base. Asci clavate-cylindrical, stipitate 80-100x10-12 /j. (p. sp.).
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, nearly straight, ends obtuse,
with two large nuclei at first, finally uniseptate, hyaline, becoming
brownish, 20-30x4-5 fi.

On rotten wood, Carolina to Canada and California.

Distinguished from its allied species by its coarse, brown hairs
and shorter sporidia.

C. Sporidia continuous.

L. spermoides, (Hoffm.)

Sphceria spermoides, Hoffm. Veg. Crypt. II", p. 12.
Hypoxylon miliaccum, Bull. Champ, tab. 444. fig. 3.
Sphceria globularis, Batsch Flench. I, fig. 1S0.
Lasiosphceria spermoides, Ces. & De Not. Schema p. 55.
f.cfitospo/a spermoides, Fckl. Symb. p. 143.
Fxsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 47, 651.— id. F. Fur. 2430. — Rehm Asc. 587. — Thum. M. U
1546.— Iyin. Fungi. Hung. 274.

149

Perithecia usually densely crowded, forming a uniform crustaceous
layer, spherical or a little narrowed below, black, lusterless, rough,
carbonaceous and brittle, with a small, papilliform ostiolum or some-
times slightly umbilicate, or without any distinct ostiolum, 500-700 mm.
diam., often overrun with brown, creeping hyphge. xlsci fusoid-clavate,
slightly attenuated above and narrowed below into a long stipe-like
base, 8-spored, 130-160 x 9— 10| ft. Sporidia imperfectly biseriate,
cylindrical, bent below, continuous or indistinctly uniseptate, hyaline,
19-22 x 4 /i. Paraphyses filiform, branching.

On rotten wood, London, Canada (Dearness), New York State
(Clinton).

L. strigosa, (A. & S.)

Sphceria strigosa, A. &S. Consp. p. 37. JH **Vva &AA**+

I^ptospora strigosa, Fckl. Symb. Mycol. p. 144. * *. i»

Lasiosphtzria strigosa, Sacc. SyH. 3574.

Perithecia crowded, rather large, subglobose or subovate, of a
dirty black color, substance tough, clothed with long, stiff, divergent,
hoary, bristle-like hairs. Ostiolum papilliform-conical or obsolete. Spo-
ridia elongated, somewhat curved, pale brown, continuous, 40x5 fi.

On damp pine wood, Carolina.

Fries (S. M. II, p. 448) says this species is not easily distinguished
from L. canescens, but gives these distinctive" characters : Perithecia
a little larger, tough, covered all over with long, rigid, divergent
bristles, much crowded, fibres of the subiculum not becoming crus-
taceous-concrescent.

L. intricata, Pk. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist, No. 2, p. 23.

Perithecia scattered or crowded, somewliat elongated, 650-900 [x
long, 500-600 tt broad, generally narrowed towards the base, obtuse,
subfragile, tomentose-hairy, brown or blackish-brown; subiculum very
thin or none. Asci slender, elongated, 150-200 x 10-12 pt. Sporidia
crowded, linear, curved or flexuous, greenish-yellow, 40-65 x4|-5 ti.

On decaying wood and leaves, in damp places, Sandlake, N. Y.
(Peck).

The perithecia, though small, resemble in shape those of Bom-
bardia fasciculata. The minutely papillate ostiolum is often con-
cealed by the tomentum of the perithecia ; this is composed of intri-
cate, matted, slender, septate, brown filaments, which, by their soft,
tomentose character, readily distinguish this species from L. .strigosa,
L. hispida, L. hirsuta, &c.

150

L. ovlna, (Pers.)

Sphceria ovina, Pers. Syn. p. 71.
Sphceria mucida, a. b. Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 16.
Sphceria lichenoides, Sow. Eng. Fungi tab. 373, fig. 12.
Lasiosphceria ovina, Ces. & De Not. Schema.
Leptospora ovina, Fckl. Symb. p. 143.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 730. — id. F. E. 1444.— Thum. M. U. 968.— Sacc. Myc. Ven. 1155.
Rehm Asc. 788.— Sydow M. March. 852, 2144.— Ell. N. A. F. 892.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, spherical, clothed
with a thin, white, closely adnate, felt-like coat, except the black,
papilliform ostiolum, 400-500 /i diam. Asci, long clavate-fusoid, with,
a long stipe, 8-spored, 140-200x12-17 p.. Sporidia irregularly
arranged, vermiform-cylindrical, mostly curved, continuous, 35-53 x
3-4 ju. Paraphyses slender, conglutinated.

Common on rotten wood.

L. stiipea, E. & E. Bull. Wash. Coll. I, p. 4. (Plate 19)

Perithecia superficial, gregarious, ovate, about 1 mm. high, densely
clothed with dull brown or tow-colored, continuous hairs 200 /j. long
and 5-6 [i thick, often imperfectly toothed towards their extremities.
Ostiola obtuse, strongly 4-ribbed. Asci 170-200 x 18-20 fi (p. sp. 120-
150 ju long), broadest in the middle, attenuated above and contracted
into a stipe-like base. Paraphyses abundant, stout, granular, eva-
nescent. Sporidia overlapping and crowded subbiseriate, cylindrical,
curved, obtuse, granular with a large nucleus in the center, pale brown,
34-38 x 8-11 p., ends rounded and obtuse.

On a dead limb of Tsuga Pattoniana, Mt. Paddo, Washington
(Suksdorf).

D. Sporidia swollen above, brown, continuous.

L. Newfieldiana, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, at first depressed-globose, be-
coming ovate-conical, j-1 mm. high and |-| mm. broad, clothed (more
densely below) with soft, spreading, brown, septate hairs ; similar
hairs, more or less branched and loosely interwoven, overspread the
matrix between the perithecia forming a loosely-felted, pilose sub-
iculum, which finally disappears more or less, as also do the hairs
that clothe the perithecia. Asci subcylindrical, 150-200 x 8 /i, with
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, not crowded, at first hya-
line and vermiform-cylindrical, nucleate, 35 x 4 jjl, with a short, horn-
like appendage at each end, the upper end finally enlarging to a
narrow-elliptical, brown head 12-14x5-7 //, with a short (7 ^e), curved

151

appendage at the apex and a longer, curved, cylindrical appendage
40-60 x 3 [i at the base, almost exactly like the sporidia of Bombardia
fasciculata.

On rotten wood, Newfield, N. J.

The general aspect is much like that of L. hirsuta.

Doubtful species.
L. biformis, (Pers.)

Sphcerta biformis, Pers. Syn. p. 59.
Lasiosphczria biformis, Sacc. Syll. 3585.

Perithecia scattered or crowded, globose or ovate, brown when
young, becoming black, clothed with tolerably long, rigid, scattering
hairs, with a more or less elongated, thick ostiolum. Asci and sporidia
unknown.

Credited to America by Fries, and reported from California by
Harkness.

TRICHOSPHilRIA, Fckl.

Symbolae Mycologicae, p. 144.

Perithecia small, superficial, membranaceous or sometimes of
firmer, subcarbonaceous texture, spherical or ovate, hairy or bristly.
Asci oblong or cylindrical, 8-spored, par aphy sale. Sporidia oblong,
ovate or cylindrical, continuous, hyaline.

T. pilosa, (Pers.) (Plate 19)

Sphczria pilosa, Pers. Syn. p. 73.
Trichosphczria pilosa, Fckl. Symb. p. 145.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 946.

Perithecia small (about 200 [i diam.), generally crowded in broadly
effused patcnes, but sometimes scattered, superficial, of firm, almost
woody texture, black, globose-ovate, hairy, with a short, thick, promi-
nent ostiolum. Asci cylindrical or subventricose, contracted into a
stipe-like base, 50-60x4-5 //, with numerous filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia uniseriate, or subbiseriate, elliptical, hyaline, one-celled, 5-8
x 3-4 a.

Under the shingles of a roof, and on pine wood, South Carolina
(Ravenel).

Tr. pulchriseta, (Pk.)

Spha-ria pulchriseta, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 50.
Acanthostigma pulcln isetum, Sacc. Syll. 3605.

Perithecia superficial, globose, membranaceous, black, 75—1 10 //
diam., gregarious, clothed with short (35-40 ti), rigid, straight, black

152

bristles, at length collapsing. Asci sublanceoiate, sessile 30-35 x 5-6 (jl.
Paraphyses? Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong or aubfusoid, hyaline,
2-3-nucleate, 7-8x2-2 J ft.

On chips in woods, New York (Peck), on bark of a hickory
barrel hoop in a cellar, Newfield, N. J.

The New Jersey specc. agree entirely with specc. from Peck.
We can not see any paraphyses or any septum in the sporidia.

Tr. acanthostroma, (Mont.)

Sphceria acanthostroma, Mont. Syll. Crypt. No. 792 et Guy. No. 558.

Sphceria culcitella, B. & Rav. in Rav. Car. IV, 53 and Sphceria culcitella, B. & C.

in N. Pac. Expl- Expd. p. 128. No. 158.
Sphceria aculeata, B. & Br. (Sec. Cke. in Grev. XV, p. 122;.
Trichosphceria acanthostroma, Sacc. Syll. 1754.
Scortechinia acanthostroma, in Additamenta to Sacc. Syll. p; 68.
Uxsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 53.- Rav. F. Am. 671, 749.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2356.

Perithecia very small, globose, gregariously crowded, smooth,
black, without any prominent ostiolum, depressed and perforated in
the center, seated on and surrounded by a subiculum composed of
interwoven, septate hyphae with short, spine-like branches. Sporidia
ovate-oblong, hyaline, 2-3-nucleate, 5-6x2-2 J [i.

On bark, Carolina to Louisiana.

The subiculum often remains sterile.

Tr. Solaris, (€. & E.)

Sphceria Solaris, C & E. Grev. V, p. 53, tab. 81.
Byssosphceria Solaris, C & E. Grev. XV, p. 122.
iMsiosphceria Solaris, Sacc. Syll. 3578.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, pierced above, black, emerging
from a brown, pulverulent, conidiophorous mycelium; ostiolum radiate-
sulcate, not prominent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, 30x6//,
■ curved, subclavate, hyaline, continuous. Conidia in clusters on the
apices of short, septate, simple threads, which constitute the subiculum,
12-14x8 /i, almond-shaped, opake, brown (Acrotheca Solaris Sacc.)

On decaying maple wood (not pine), Newfield, N. J.

This appears to be rare, as it has onl}T been met with once, and
then only very sparingly.

Tr. flavida, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia thickly gregarious, superficial, membranaceous, brown-
ish-black, 125 fi diam., globose, clothed rather sparingly with straight.
black, continuous spines about 35x3 /i, astomous, collapsing when
dry. Asci fasciculate, sublanceoiate, about 35 x 3 //, sessile, apar-
aphysate. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, straight, nucleate, hyaline,
5-6xl|/i.

153

On rotten wood which is stained yellowish, London, Canada
(Dearness).

Tr. Arundinarise, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, rather thick-mem-
branaceous, black, ovate or ovate-conical, mostly prolonged above into
a short neck, clothed all over with brownish-black, septate, straight,
even, spreading or rather erect hairs (150-200x4-6 pi). Asci cylin-
drical, stipitate, 80-110x7-8 p. Paraphyses obscure. Sporidia uni-
seriate with the ends overlapping, hyaline, continuous, broad-fusiform
or elongated, almond-shaped, with acute ends, 20-22 x 5-7 p.

On dead culms of Arundinaria, Louisiana (Langlois 1412).

Tr. corynephora, (Cke.)

Byssosphczria corynephora, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 109.
Trichosphczria corynephora, Sacc. Syll. 6022.

Perithecia subglobose, depressed, glabrous above, interwoven-
tomentose at base. Asci cylindric-clavate. Sporidia lanceolate, con-
tinuous, hyaline, 20 x 4 p. The perithecia are seated on a very black,
effused mycelium composed of septate, creeping, branched hyphae, the
branches assurgent, and bearing clavate conidia 150x18 p7 with a
long, attenuated base and truncate above, multi- (9-1 1-) septate.

On branches of Ostrya Virginica, Carolina.

Tr. subcorticalis, (Pk.)

Sphczria subcorticalis, Pk. 28th. Rep. p. 77.
Trichosphczria subcorticalis, Sacc. Syll. 1753.

Perithecia rather large, thin, sometimes collapsed, black, involved
in a dense, blackish-brown tomentum, which is sometimes confluent, form-
ing a subiculum. Sporidia oblong, colorless, 7-8 p long.

Dead bark of Carpinus Americana, North Greenbush, N. Y.
(Peck).

The perithecia are seated on the inner bark and are entirely con-
cealed by the epidermis ; when this is torn away, the perithecia usu-
ally come off with it.

Tr. trames, (B. & €.)

Sphceria trames, B. &. C. Grev. IV, p. 142.
Lasiosphczria trames, Cke. Syn. 2681.
Botryosphczria trames, Sacc. Syll. 1790.

Perithecia arranged in lines three inches or more long, globose,
minute, obscurely tomentose. Asci clavate. Sporidia hyaline, cymbi-
form, resembling those of Botryosphmria Quercuum.

On Acer, South Carolina (Ravenel),
20

154

Tr. fissurarum, (B. & ft)

Sphceria fissurarum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 144.
Trichosphceria fissurarum, Sacc. Syll, 1747.

Pe rithecia globose, covered with short villosity; ostiohim rather
thick, attenuated upwards. Asci lanceolate, short. Sporidia minute,
oblong, hyaline. No measurements of asci or sporidia given.

On pine rails, South Carolina (Ravenel).

ACANTHOSTIGMA, De Not.

Sferiacei Italici, p. 85.

Pe rithecia superficial, membranaceous, globose or ovate, mostly
small, clothed with stiff hairs or bristles. Sporidia two- or more-
celled, hyaline.

A. scopula, (C. & P.)

Lasiospluzria scopula, C. & P. Grev. XV, p. 82.

Acanthostigma scopula, C. & P. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. No. 2, p. 22.
Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 184.

Perithecia small (150-200 //), subglobose, very black, with short,
divergent, rigid, black hairs or bristles, which are 75-125 fx long by
7-8 fj. thick. Asci lanceolate or subclavate, 8-spored. Sporidia
crowded or biseriate, elongated, gradually narrowed toward each end,
straight or slightly curved, multinucleate, at length multi- (10-12-)
septate, yellowish- or greenish-hyaline, 60-70x3-3 J li.

On pine and hemlock wood, New York and New Jersey.

A. Berenice, (B. & C.)

Sphczria Berenice, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 108.

Venturia saccardioides, E. & M. Am. Nat. Jan. 1884, p. 69.

Acanthostigma Berenice, Sacc. Syll. 3612.

"Perithecia minute, ovate, clothed all over with radiant flocci.
Asci lanceolate. Sporidia hyaline, oblong, slightly attenuated at each
end or subcymbiforni."

On the under side of leaves of Magnolia macrophylla (Carolina)?

Cooke, in his synopsis, Grev. XVI, p. 18, places this in the Acan-
thostigma Sect, of Venturia, having sporidia 1-5-septate. Venturia
saccardioides, E. & M., which is evidently the same as this, has peri-
thecia hypophyllous, scattered, brownish-black, collapsing above, 150-
200 fi diam., clothed with loose, spreading hairs, which are longer
below and form a fringe around the base Asci clavate-cylindrical,
about 50 x 8 fi, briefly stipitate, paraphysate. Sporidia fusoid, 3-sep-
tate, hyaline, 12-1 5 x 2J— 3 fi. On leaves of Magnolia glauca, Florida.
Fully matured specc, on leaves of Magnolia grandiflora from Lou-

155

isiana, have the asci 70-80 x 10-11 p, and sporidia 15-20x3 p, 3-6-
septate, and the hairs on the perithecia shorter.

A. decastylum, (Cke.) J1V * c > (Plate 19)

Sphceria decastyla, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 52.

Lasiosphceria subvelutina, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 117.
Sphceria cariosa, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 94, tab. 100, fig. 28.
Sphceria atriella, C & E. Grev. VI, p. 94.
Acanthostigma decastylum, Sacc. Syll. 3614.
Exsiec. EH. N. A. F. 783.

Perithecia superficial, black, conic-hemispherical, 1 50-200 p diam.,
sparingly clothed with spreading, straight, remotely septate, rather
obtuse, black, deciduous hairs subdiaphanous above, 100-150x4-5 //.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, about 150 x 12 //, without paraphyses. Spo-
ridia fusoid, hyaline, biseriate, slightly curved, ends rather obtuse,
granular, becoming 3-5-septate, 22-30 x4-4J p. Closely allied to
A. atrobarbum, (C. & B.), but hairs of perithecia longer and of equal
diameter throughout, and sporidia 3-5-scptate. The surface of the
wood itself, in both of these species, is thinly clothed with hairs similar
to those growing on the perithecia.

On oak wood, Darien, Ga. (Ravencl), on rotten Magnolia wood
and bark, Newiield, N. J., and Bethlehem, Pa. (Rau).

We have never been able to find the sporidia of Sphmria atriella
constricted in the middle, as described and figured in Grevillea, and
regard that species as only a more robust form of S. cariosa. The
mature perithecia become bald. It is not improbable that Sphceria
lojigispora, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 135, is the same as this,
but the specc. are too poor and scanty to determine with certainty.

A. Clintonii, (Pk.) c^wi***. ft » -^vt^^Myr^. \r^<^C]

Sphceria Clintonii, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 65, pi. II, figs. 19-23.
Acanthostigma Clintonii, Sacc. Syll. 3610.
Venturia Clintonii, Cke. Syn. 2889.

"Perithecia very small, 120-160 p. diam., subglobose, gregarious,
black, clothed with erect, black, bristly hairs. Sporidia fusiform, mul-
tinucleate, then 5-7-septate, colorless, 40-45 p long.

On decaying wood, Alden, N. Y. (Clinton).

Related to A. scapula (C. & P.), from which it differs in its
smaller perithecia and broader sporidia with fewer septa."

A. atrobarbum. (€. & E.)

Sphceria atrobarba, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 15.
Chce to sphceria atrobarba, Sacc. Syll. 3215, Cke. Syn. 2660.
Exsiec. EH. N. A. F. 590.

Perithecia gregarious, scattered, superficial, small (100-150 p
high), ovate-globose, clothed with scattering, long, black, bristle-like,
septate hairs with subhyaline tips. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 70-75 x

156

6-7 //, subsessile, with obscure paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
fusoid, hyaline, 3-4-nucleate, becoming 3-septate, 12-15 x 3 ft.

This species is very common around Newfield on fallen, decorti-
cated oak limbs. The surface of the wood is rather thinly clothed
with hairs of the same character as those on the perithecia, forming-
black, pubescent patches several centimeters in extent. We have
always found the sporidia hyaline.

A. occidentkle, (E. & E.)

Chcetomella{?) perforata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 153.
Venturia occidentalism E & E. 1. c. II, p. 43, Cke. Syn. 2897.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2 141.

Perithecia superficial, \-\ mm. diam., membranaceous and of
coarse, cellular structure, subhemispherical, with a small, circular
opening above, sparingly clothed with straight, black, continuous,
bristle-like hairs about equal in length to the diameter of the peri-
thecia, more thickly set around the orifice, paler and more or less sub-
stellate-tufted below. Asci subcylindrical. 75-100x7-10 ft, with
imperfect paraphyses. Sporidia oblong-fusiform, 3-septate when mature,
and constricted at the middle septum, or often at all the septa, nearly
hyaline, 20-25 x 4-5 ft. Most of the perithecia contain only stylo-
spores. Var. minor, on Artemisia Ludoviciana, has asci smaller
(50-60x6-8 ft), and paraphyses more robust; sporidia about 15x3 ft,
oval, and the middle cells slightly colored.

On Cirsium discolor, Iowa (Arthur), on C. altissimum and Arte-
misia Ludoviciana, Ames, Iowa (Bessey), and Illinois (Burrill).

A. Sequoiae, (Plowr.)

Venturia Sequoice, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 74.
Acanthostigma Sequoice, Sacc. Syll. 3604.

Perithecia unequal, scattered, setulose above. Asci cylindrical,
70-100 fj. long, 8-spored. Sporidia somewhat unequal in length,
faintly triseptate, hyaline.

On decaying foliage of Sequoia, California (Harkness).

Specimens from Dr. Harkness have perithecia depressed-hemi-
spherical, 200-220 //. diam., clothed above with short spines 30-35 ft
long. Ostiolum conic-papilliform. ' Asci cylindrical, sessile, 55-65 x
5-6 ft. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, yellowish, 1 -3-septate, nearly straight,
14-16x21//.

A. spinosum, (Hark.)

Rosellinia spinosa, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. Feb., 1884, p. 42.

Perithecia superficial, gregarious, globose, 300 ft diam., bearing

157

numerous, yellowish-white, acuminate spines often 1-3 times branched,
200-300 x 18-22 //, very thick walled and enclosing a central canal
filled with oil-globules. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, short-stipitate.
50x12//; paraphyses filiform. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate-elliptical?
2-celled, 9x4//, upper cell §-£ the length of the sporidium, olive-
brown, with a large nucleus, lower cell conical, hyaline.

On decaying bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, Cal. (Harkness).

This species is anomalous in' this genus on account of the " olive-
brown" upper cell of the sporidia, but if these are really two-celled,
it cannot belong in Rosellinia, which includes only species with one-
celled sporidia. The branching spines are also unusual. We have
seen no specimens, and take the diagnosis from the publication cited.

HERP0TRICHIA, Fckl.

Symbolse My col. p. 146.

Perithecia superficial, spherical or subspherical, mostly of firm
texture, coriaceous to subcarbonaceous, hairy or bald. Sporidia fusi-
form or oblong, 2- or more-celled, hyaline or brown.

Winter in Die Pilze makes fusiform sporidia {i. e. thicker in the
middle and narrowed towards each end) the distinctive character be-
tween Herpotrichia and Lasiosphceria. Some of the species with
uniseptate sporidia here included in Herpotrichia, have the sporidia
oblong and obtuse.

A. Sporidia uniseptate, brown.
H. Rhenana, Fckl. Symb. p. 146, tab. Ill, fig. 7. (Plate 19)

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, nearly free, rather large, glo-
bose, fugulose, densely clothed with long, brown, decumbent, creeping
hairs, flattened above, with minute, truncate ostiola. Asci oblong,
150x16 //, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia ovate-oblong, sometimes
curved, rounded at the ends, constricted in the middle, hyaline, at first
2-celled, later 4-celled, brownish, 21-28 x 8 /*.

On decaying culms of grasses. Not yet reported as found here,
but given as a typical species to illustrate the genus.

H. parietalis, (B. & C.)

Sphczria parietalis, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 107. •

Byssosphceria parietalis, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 123.
Enchnosphceria parietalis, Sacc. Syll. 3601.

Perithecia cup-shaped, seated on a scanty bys^us (subiculum).
Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, slightly attenuated at each

158

end so as to bo almost biconical, uniseptate, constricted at the septum.
On the inside of a hollow oak, South Carolina (Ravenel).

H. diffusa, (Schw.)

Sphceria diffusa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1502.

Sphceria rhodomphala , Berk. Hook. I,ond. Journ. Bot. IV, p. 312.
A mphi sphceria subiculosa, E- & E. Journ. Mycol. II-, p. 103, and Sacc. Syll. 7470
Byssosphceria diffusa, Cke. Syn. 2625.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2130.

Perithecia superficial, gregarious, depressed-globose, §-| mm.
diam., brownish-black, rough, with the ostiolum subradiate sulcate, not
prominent, soon pierced with a round opening, and sometimes slightly
collapsed above. The lower part of the perithecia is clothed with a
coat of brown, branching hairs, which also cover thinly the surface of
the matrix around and between the perithecia, some of which touch
each other, but are not confluent. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 80-90 x
10-12 fj. (p. sp. 60-65 jut long), with abundant, filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong or clavate-oblong, slightly curved, unisep-
tate and constricted at the septum, 15-20 x 5-6 /a, pale brown, ends
obtuse, each cell with a large nucleus.

In a hollow, standing trunk of Juglans cinerea, effused for a
whole yard in extent, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), on decorticated poplar,
Missouri (Demetrio), Louisiana (Langlois), Ohio (Morgan).

The Louisiana specc. have the upper part of the perithecia quite
red, and in the other specimens the red is more or less discernible in
and around the ostiolum. The subiculum finally disappears more or
less completely. The length of the asci, as .given in the Journ. of
Mycol., is too great, and the sporidia too narrow.

H. barbicincta, (E. & E.)

Byssosphczria barbicincta, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 63.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1958.

Perithecia carbonaceo-membranaceous, gregarious or sometimes
scattered, ovate-globose, 150-200 fi high, bare or with a few bristle-
like hairs. Ostiolum conic-papilliform, black and shining. Asci sub-
cylindrical, 65-70 x 5-6 /i, with a short, stipe-like base and imperfectly
developed paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, yellowish-hyaline,
2-4-nucleate at first, finally uniseptate, not curved or constricted,
10-12 x 2— 2J ju, ends subobtuse.

Parasitic on old Diatrype tremellophora and on the bark adja-
cent, Newfield, N. J.

159

The perithecia, especially when growing on the old Diatrype,
are surrounded by a dense growth of erect, black, septate, bristle-like
hairs 250 fi, or more, long. The perithecia sometimes collapse.

H. lanuginosa, (B. & C.)

Spluzria lanuginosa, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 108.
ByssospJuzria lanuginosa, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 123.
Melanopsamma lanuginosa, Sacc. Syll. 2254.

Perithecia globose, slightly flattened above, lanuginous at the
base. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, curved, sometimes pointed at the
ends, so as to be biconical.

On Robinia, South Carolina.

B. Sporidia 3- or more-septate, hyaline.

H. rhodospila, (B. & C.)

Sphceria rhodospila, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 141.

Herpotrichia rhodospila, Sacc. Syll. 3622 . „/„+„k>v <:*><*'*

"Perithecia convex, seated on a black crust, brick-colored at the'1'
apex. Sporidia between cymbaeform and fusiform, hyaline, 3-septate.(p • 3 ^
20 p long."

On Cyrilla, South Carolina.

Specimens on old oak stumps, Louisiana (Langlois 1692), and on
rotten maple, Newfield, N. J., have perithecia convex, rough, J mm.
diarn., with a conic-papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
about 65x8 /i, with paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, slightly
curved, hyaline, 3-septate, 20-22x4-5 fi. The "brick-color" in these
specc. is very faint.

H. leucostoma, Fk. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. No. 2, p. 23.

Perithecia small, 300-450 p. broad, numerous, somewhat crowded,
subglobose, seated on or involved in a blackish-brown tomentum, the
ostiola naked, not prominent, whitish when moist, grayish or sordid
when dry. Asci cylindrical or subclavate, 150-200x10-15 p.. Spo-
ridia crowded or biseriate, oblong-fusoid, at first uniseptate, constricted
at the septum, with 2-3 nuclei in each cell, then 3-5-septate, hyaline,
30-40 p long, 7 1-8 fi broad.

On dead branches of Acer spicatum, Catskill Mountains, N. Y.

The whitish ostiola are a marked feature. It is distinguished
from H. Scheidermeyeriana, Fckl., by its much smaller perithecia
and the more numerous septa of the sporidia ; nor were any globose
appendages observed at the ends of the sporidia.

160

H. pezizula, (B. & C.)

Sphceria pezizula, B. & C. Grev. IV, p 106.
Lasiosphceria pezizula. Sacc. Syll. 3554.
Lasiosphceria pezizula, Cke. Syn. 2737.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 696.— Rav. F. Am. 196.

Perithecia gregarious, membranaceous, depressed-spherical, soon
collapsing to cup-shaped, 350-400 p diam., smooth above, seated on a
thin, black or olivaceous-black subiculum of interwoven, septate hyphae.
Asci oblong-clavate, sessile, 80—11 2 x 20-25 p. Sporidia biseriate,
clavate-fusoid, hyaline, 5-7 -septate, nearly straight, 30-40 x 5-7 p (ex-
ceptionally 8-10 p thick).

On decaying wood and bark, Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio and
Missouri.

Cooke, in his Synopsis, places this among the brown-spored species,
but we have always found the sporidia hyaline.

€HJ1T0SPHJ]R1A, Tulasne.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 252.

Perithecia spherical or pear-shaped, carbonaceous, more or less
hairy, seated on and surrounded by a more or less dense, felt-like
subiculum of brown, septate hyphae. Sporidia mostly fusoid or fusoid-
oblong, 2- or more-septate, brown or wTith the terminal cells hyaline.

Ch. phaeostroma, (Mont.)

Sphceria phceostroma, Mont. Flor. Alg. I, p. 491, tab. XVI, fig. 2.
Sphceria tristis, Tode Fung. Mec'cl. II, p. 9.
Sphceria tristis b.fusca, A. & S. Consp. p. 44.
Chcetosphceria phceostroma, Fckl. Symb. p. 166.
Chcetosphceria phceostroma, Sacc. Syll. 3200.
Exsicc. Rav. Fung. Car. V, 63.— Fckl. F. Rh. 2040. — Rab. Fungi Eur. 51.

Perithecia crowded, often in patches of considerable extent, spher-
ical or pear-shaped, black, rough, with a broad, wrinkled ostiolum,
bare above, but sending out around the base abundant, stiff, straight,
dark brown hairs, which also form a tangled, bristly subiculum. Asci
slightly clavate-thickened above and a little narrowed below, sessile,
8-spored, 95-108 p long, 16-21 p thick. Sporidia biseriate, short-
cylindrical, rounded at the ends, 3-septate, the two middle cells brown
and longer, and the two terminal cells hyaline, shorter and more or less
curved, 28-38x8-9 p\ paraphyses filiform.

On rotten elm wood, Carolina and Missouri.

Var. phceostromoides, (Pk.), (Sphceria phwostromoides, Pk.
28th Rep. p. 77, t. II, fig. 30-35) is said to differ in its shorter (25 p
long) sporidia and uniseptate conidia. Specimens from Missouri (De-

161

inotrio No. 18) also have the uniseptate, brown, 12-15 x 8-10 p. conidia,
and agree with specimens of Ch. fusca, Fckl., in Saccardo's Myco-
tlieca Veneta. but all these can hardly be anything more than forms
of Ch. pkceostroma.

Ch. pannicola, (B. & C.) (Plate 19)

Sphceria pannicola, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 107.
Chcztosphczria holophcza, B. & C. Grev. XV, p. 82.
Chcztosphczria pannicola, Sacc. Syll. 3210.

"Perithecia globose, seated on a rather thick, brown, pilose stra-
tum consisting of straight, acute threads. Sporidia oblong, obtuse at
each end, arcuate, 3-septate, 20 /jl long.

On roots of birch, New Jersey."

We have not seen the original specimens described by Berkeley,
but specimens sent by Mr. Stevenson from Pennsylvania, and by Mr.
Commons from Delaware, and which seem undoubtedly to belong here,
have the perithecia densely gregarious, more or less pilose, with pale
brown, spreading hairs, seated on a dense, brown, pilose subiculum.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. 70-75x12-15 /i, with abundant par-
6 aphyses. Sporidia oblong-cylindrical, hyaline at first, becoming brown
and 3-septate, curved, 18-20 x6-7 //, ends obtuse.

Ch. innumera, (B. & Br.)

Sphczria innumera, B. & Br. Berk. Outl. p. 395.

Chcztosphczria innumera, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 253, tab. 33. figs. 7-9.

Perithecia small (100-200 p), thickly scattered among the hairs
of the subiculum, and some of them, at least when young, sparingly
clothed with similar hairs, finally black and subshining, globose, scarcely
papillate, the ostiolum being so small as to be easily overlooked. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 8-spored, briefly stipitate, paraphysate, 80x6|,u.
Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-fusoid, rather obtuse at each end, nearly
straight, 2-3-nucleolate, finally 2-septate, pale, 13 x4 //.

On decaying wood of Quercus, California (Harkness).

The conidia (sec. Tul.) are borne in heads or spikes, at the tips of
the hairs of the subiculum, and are of three kinds; ovate, pale brown,
6| x3 ft, others linear-cylindrical, 12 fi long, and still others subfusoid.
25-30 x 3 //, 6-8-septate, olive-brown.

Ch. leonina, (C. & P.)

Sphczria leonina, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 60
Chcztosphceria leonina, Sacc. Syll. 3205.

Perithecia subconfluent or rarely scattered, dark brown, oval, cov-
ered with a short, thick, tawny tomentum, the papillate apex naked.
Asci clavate or cylindrical. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, uniseptate
21

162

and constricted, at length triseptate, brown, 35-38 // long. Paraphyses
slender, filiform.

On the cut surface of wood, Portville, N. Y. (Peck).

Ch. longipila, Pk. 42d Rep. p. 35.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, ovate, minute (150x115//),
clothed, especially below, with long, slender, pale hairs. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, p. sp. about 40x8-10 //, contracted below into a short,
stipe-like base, and overtopped by filiform, undulate paraphyses. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, 11-13x5 //, hyaline and uniseptate at
first, soon 3-septate, with the two central cells opake and the end cells
hyaline, the central septum being now scarcely discernible, and the
two dark, middle cells appearing like a broad, dark band across the
middle of the sporidium.

On the basswood bottom of a barrel in a cellar, Long Island, N. Y.
(Zabriskie).

Ch. parvicapsa, (Cke.)

Sphceria parvicapsa* Cke. Grev. VII, p. 52.

Chcztosphceria parvicapsa, Sacc. Syll. 3207.

Perithecia very small, seated on a dark brown, byssoid subiculum.
Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia elliptical, 3-septate, brown, 12-14
x6/i.

On dead wood, Aiken, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

Our specc. from Cooke are sterile.

Ch. flavo-compta, (B. & C.)

Sphceria flavo-compta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 108.
Chatosphczria flavo-compta, Sacc. Syll. 3209.

Perithecia ovate, black, clothed with rigid, yellow hairs. Sporidia
oblong, elliptical, triseptate, 20-25 a long.

On Cyrilla, So. Carolina.

Ch. ornata, Hark. New Cal. Fungi p. 45. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. No.
1. Feb. 1884.

Perithecia superficial, globose, black', not rugose, 360 // diam..
setae hyphoid, \ mm. or more long, black, not acuminate, occasionally
septate. Asci 8-spored, mucoid, clavate, with a long pedicel, 100 x 8-
10 /i ; paraphyses inconspicuous. Sporidia fusiform, triseptate, middle
cells olive brown, ultimate ones hyaline, 16x6//.

On decaying bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, Cal.

We have not seen the three species last mentioned and have only
copied the published diagnoses.

163

The following Schweinitzian species, apparently referable to the
Trichosphmriem, are doubtful : Sphmria setosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am.
1533; Sphmria cladosporiosa, Schw. Syn, N. Am. 1530; Sphmria
inconstans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1564; Sphmria aggregata, Schw.
Syn. N. Am. 1561. These are not in the Herbarium at Philadelphia,
but specc. in Herb. Berk., examined by Cooke, were without fruit.

FAMILY. MELANOMMEiE.

Stroma none. Perithecia superficial, generally of firm texture,
woody, corky or carbonaceous, seldom coriaceous or exceptionally sub-
membranaeeous, mostly glabrous, but sometimes bristly or surrounded
by a conidiophorous or sterile subiculum.

ROSELLINIA, Ces. & De Not

Schema Sferiacei, p. 53.

Perithecia typically superficial, but also with their lower part
more or less sunk in the matrix, coriaceous or often er carbonaceous
and brittle, spherical or ovate, black, bare or bristly ; ostiolum distinct.
Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, oblong or fusiform, one-
celled, brown or black. Paraphyses filiform.

A . Perithecia large, seated on a subiculum.

R. aquila. (Fr.)

Sph&ria aquila, Fr. S. M. II, p. 442.
Sphcsria byssiseda, b. Tode. Meckl. Fungi II, p. 10.
Rosellinia aquila, de Not. Sferiacei Ital. p. 21.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 964, 1061.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 648.— id. F. F. 1616.— Rehm Asc. 538.
EH. N. A. F. 181.— Sydow M. March. 1248, 1550.— Speg. Hong. Sud. Araer. No. 59.
Plowr. Sph. Brit. 61.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, sometimes confluent, globose,
with a distinct, black, conic-papilliform ostiolum, dark brown, with a
thin, brown, tomentose coat at first, but finally bare. Seated on a loosely
felted, thick, purplish-brown, cottony subiculum by which they are at
first nearly enveloped, but which, finally, to a greater or less extent,
disappears. The perithecia are 1-1 1 mm. diam., with an outer, rather
thick but brittle carbonaceous wall, and an inner coriaceous one. Asci
cylindrical with a tolerably long stipe, p. sp. 100-130x8-10 /i, with
obscure paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-cymbiform, continu-
ous, dark brown, 16-27 x 6-9 //, with or without a short, mostly obtuse,
hyaline apiculus (2-2 J fi long) at each end.

Common on decaying fallen limbs.

164

Of the specimens quoted, those in Plowright's Sphasriacei have a
short, obtuse, hyaline appendage (2-2 J p long), at each end of the spo-
ridia. Those issued by "Renin, Sydow, Spegazzini, and Ellis, are not
appreciably appendiculate.

The Sphceria Corticium, Schw. can hardly be more than a var. of
R. aquila, the perithecia being scattered, and each seated on a sepa-
rate, orbicular patch of densely interwoven subiculum, resembling an
orbicular brown Corticium.

R. purpiireo-fiisca, (Schw.)

Sphceria purpureo-fusca, Schw. Syn. W. Am. 1499.
Byssosphceria purpureo-fusca, Schw. in Cooke's Synopsis, 2602.

Subiculum tomentose, rhacodium-like, purplish-brown, extensively
effused, and at first covering the perithecia, which however are soon
cespitose-erumpent or longitudinally-seriate, very large, (much larger
than those of R. aquila), globose and clothed, except around the osti-
olum, with a delicate brownish-purple tomentum. Ostiola black, con-
ical, bare and sometimes sublateral.

On oak limbs, Bethlehem, Pa.

R. megalocarpa, (Plowr.)

Sphceria megalocarpa, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 73.
Rosellinia megalocarpa, Sacc. Syll.952.

Perithecia superficial, very large, 14-3 mm. diam., spherical, dull
black, slightly rough, becoming rugulose with age. Ostiola very
minute, scarcely prominent, surrounded by a paler areola. Asci cylin-
drical or clavate, 70-130x10-15 p, with numerous, flexuous par-
aphyses. Sporidia dark brown, oval, colorless when young, then
binucleate and brown, 12-15 x3-5 p.

On bark of dead maple, California (Harkness).

In the specimen sent us by Dr. H., the perithecia are crowded,
1 J— 2 J mm. diam., clothed below with brown, strigose hairs, which
also form a subiculum, mostly collapsed. Ostiola papilliform, paler.
Asci (p. s£.) cylindrical, 75-80 x4J-5 p, Sporidia uniseriate, lying
end to end and not overlapping, oblong, brown, 2-nucleate, 10-12 x
3|-4 ,l

R. imposita, (Schw.)

Sphceria imposita, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1503,
Byssosphceria imposita, Cke. Synopsis, 2610.

Perithecia large, scarcely immersed, of a brown color, rugulose,
globose, scattered or seriate and subaggregated, or even subconfluent,
seated on a scanty, longitudinally effused, brown subiculum. Ostio-
lum subconic-papillate.

165

Sporidia (sec. Cke. Grev. XV, p. 81) lanceolate, continuous, brown,
25 x 6 ju

R. rhodomela, (Schw.)

Sphceria rhodomela, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 151 1 (not Sacc. Syll 3263).
Byssosphceria rhodomela , Cke. Grev. XV, p. 80.

" Peritliecia globose, black, seated on a thin, rose-colored my-
celium. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, continuous, brown,
10x6/;.

On rotten wood, United States, Herb. Berk. 9604.'- (Cke. in
Grev. I. c.) Found in Carolina and Pennsylvania, sec. Schw., and
referred by him to Sphmria rhodomela, Fr. S. M. II, p. 445, but this
(sec. Saccardo) is a different thing, having 3-septate sporidia 15-18 //
long.

R. Desmazierii, (B. & Br.)

Sphcsria Desmazierii, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 618, tab. 9, fig. 1.— Curr.

I,inn. Trans. XXII, tab. 57, fig. 2.— Cooke Hndbk. No. 2551.
Byssosphazria Desmazierii, Cooke's Synopsis 2589.
Rosellinia Desmazierii, Sacc Syll. 922 and Sacc. F. Ital. tab. 393.

Spreading widely over the ground, fallen leaves, &c, covering
them with a mouse-colored, tomentose subiculum, which consists of
somewhat branched, anastomosing threads, with tips often subdivided,
forming little racemes surmounted by oblong conidia (Graphiwm.
Desmazierii, Sacc. F. Ital. tab. 394). Perithecia large, half immersed
in the subiculum, which in age acquires a somewhat darker hue, sub-
scabrous, dull pitchy black or plumbaginous, globose with a large,
central, papilliform ostiolum. Asci elongated- clavate, inner membrane
furnished with an oblong process at the tip. Sporidia large, cymbi-
form, elongated, subacuminate, at first hyaline, with two or three
variously sized globules, at length dark brown, with 6-7 globose
nuclei. Sporidia 30 p. long (38-45 x8//, Sacc.)

We have seen no specimens and copy the above from Cooke's
Handbook. Sec. Berk, in Grev. IV, 106, found on birch in Maine,
and on Cornusflorida in Pennsylvania.

R. subiculata, (Schw.)

Sphtzria subiculata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1504.
Hypoxylon subiculosum, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 52.
Rosellinia subiculata, Sacc. Syll. 925.
Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. V. 72.— EH. N. A. F. 182.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, about 1 mm. diam., globose,
black and shining, with a small, papilliform ostiolum, seated on a sul-
phur-yellow, waxy-pruinose subiculum which finally disappears. Asci

166

cylindrical, p. sp. 80-90 x 6-7 fi, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia
uniseriate or partly biseriate above, subinequilate rally elliptical, brown,
subacute, 10-12 x5-5J jjl.

On rotten wood. Common from Canada to Florida and Louisiana,
but apparently not so common in the Rocky Mt. region and on the
Pacific coast.

After the subiculum has disappeared this may still be distinguished
by its thin, shining perithecia.

R. thelena, (Fr.) ?

{Sphcsria thelena, Fr. in Kunze Mycol. Hefte II, p. 36.)?
Rosellina thelena, Rab. F. Eur. No. 757, Winter Die Pilze, 3082.
Exsicc. Kunze Fungi Sel. 343.— Rab. F. Eur. 757, 1536.— Thumen M. U. 1949.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious or sometimes crowded, spheri-
cal, with a strongly papilliform ostiolum, smooth, thin and brittle,
brownish-black, about 1 mm. diam., seated on a superficial, loosely ad-
hering, densely interwoven but thin, brownish-purple subiculum. Asci
cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored, 90-130 x 8-9 [i (p. sp.), with congluti-
nated paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, subinequilateral, brown,
18-23x6-7 //, with a short (6-8 /i), hyaline, spine-shaped appendage
at each end.

This differs from R. aquila in its thinner and more fragile peri-
thecia and the longer, spine-like appendages of the sporidia.

The typical form of this species has not yet been reported as found
in this country, but var. pinea, Sacc. (Thiim. M. U. 1949), has been
sent from British Columbia by Dr. Macoun. In mature specimens, the
spine-like appendages of the sporidia mostly disappear, but even in this
stage, this species may be readily distinguished from It. aquila, by its
much thinner and more fragile perithecia.

B. Perithecia not on a distinct subiculum.
R. mammiformis. (Pers.)

Sphceria mammczformis , Pers. Syn. p. 64.
Hypoxylon mammceforme, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 52.
Hypoxylon globulare, (Bull) Fckl. F. Rh. 1060 (sec Winter).
Rosellinia mammiformis, Sacc. Syll. 938.
Exsicc. Plowr. Sph. Brit. No. 70 —Fckl. F. Rh. 1060.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, and often confluent (2 or 3 in
one), globose, double walled, the outer wall thinner than in R. aquila
and more fragile, glabrous, nearly black, 1-1 J 7c diam., bare but not
polished; dstioluin strongly and abruptly papilliform, black and sub-
shining. Asci (p. sp.) 100-1 15 x 8-10 /i, with abundant paraphyses.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, inequilateral or slightly curved,
19-25 x 7-9 fjt, mostly without any distinct apiculus.

167

On rotten wood of Cyrilla, South Carolina (sec. Berk, in Grew
IV, p. 52).

The foregoing diagnosis was drawn from the specimen in Plow-
right's Sphaeriacei Britannici.

The absence of any decided subiculum will separate this from
R. aquila, and the glabrous perithecia from R. medidlaris. The
absence or presence of an appendage on the ends of the sporidia, can
not be relied on as a distinguishing character, since in all three of
these species, the sporidia at one stage of growth, are more or less dis-
tinctly appendiculate. If R. mastoidea, Sacc, is really glabrous in
all stages of its growth, it must be, as Winter puts it, a synonym of
R. mammiformis.

R. medullaris, (Wallr.)

Spharia medullaris, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II, p. 792.
Rosellinia medullaris, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 177.
Rosellinia Macouniana, E. & K. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XI, p. 74.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, superficial, globose or ovate-
globose, f-1 mm. diam., covered at first, except the conic-papilliform,
black ostiolum, with a pruinose-tomentose or pruinose-pubescent coat
of a dull reddish-purple or brick-color, but finally becoming bare and
black. Asci (p. sp.) 100-120x7-8//. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong,
only slightly curved, brown, 19-22 x 6-7 ji, sometimes obscurely ap-
pendiculate, but mostly without any appendages.

On decaying wood, Canada, New York and New Jersey.

The American specimens here referred to R. medullaris, become
glabrous when mature, though the purplish brick-colored, pruinose
coat is at first very distinct. As in R. aquila and R. thelena, the
wall of the perithecium is double and in thickness intermediate be-
tween these two species. There is only a very slight subiculum or
none at all, even in the early stage of growth.

R. miitaiis. (C. & P.)

SphcEria mutatis, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 64.
Rosellinia Mutans, Sacc. Syll. 944.

Perithecia rather large (|-| mm.), gregarious or crowded, glo-
bose, papillate, black, at first clothed with a thin, tawny, evanescent
tomentum, at length naked, smooth and shining. Asci subcylindrical.
Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, 10-13 // long.

On rotten wood, Tyre, N. Y. (Peck), Louisiana (Langlois).

The Louisiana specimens have the sporidia 10-15x5-6 /bc, but do
not show the asci.

168

C. Perithecia with the base sunk in the matrix, mostly setose at first.
R. prinicola, (B. & C.)

Sphceria prinicola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 142.
Rosellinia prinicola. Sacc. Syll. 959.

Perithecia erumpent, rather large, subglobose, very minutely gran-
ulated, very obtuse, pierced at the apex. Asci linear. Sporidia uni-
seriate, oblong, subcymbiform, brown, 12-13 /i long.

On branches of Prinos verticillata, Pennsylvania (Michener).

R. parasitica, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Pa. July, 1890.

Perithecia gregarious, seated on the wood in transverse cracks of
the bark or often, on or among the collapsed perithecia of a sterile
Valsa on the same limbs, ovate-globose, covered with short, black,
spreading bristles at first, but these soon disappear, leaving the perithe-
cia rough, J-J mm. diam., smoother above, with a broad-papillifbrm,
obtuse ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 60-70 x 6 fi (p. sp.), with abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, subobtuse, dark
brown, 7-10 x 4—5 ft. This is certainly very near P. detonsa (Cke.),
which Sacc. in Sylloge considers a var. of P. ligniaria (Grev.) ; but it
differs in its perithecia more flattened above, and in its constantly
smaller sporidia.

On dead limbs of Symphoricarpus occidentalism Helena, Montana
(Kelsey).

R. Kellermanni, E. &E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., July, 1890.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, subglobose, about 200 /x diam.,
clothed, except the papilliform ostiolum, with short (15-22 /x), straight,
spreading bristles, but finally, nearly bare. Asci cylindrical, 35-40 x
5 tx (p. sp.), 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, brown, elliptical or sub-
globose, 4-6x3-4 /*. Distinguished by its small sporidia.

On rotten wood of Negundo aceroides, Manhattan, Kansas.

R. albolanata, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Pa., July, 1890.

Perithecia subseriate, erumpent, the lower part remaining sunk
in the wood, about 1 mm. diam., clothed, except the black, papilliform
ostiolum, with a thin, white, farinose coating which finally disappears,
bicorticate, outer wall carbonaceous, inner submembranaceous. Asci
cylindrical, about 100x10 fx.

On old rails, Emma, Mo. (Demetrio). Found also bursting through
the bark on dead Salix limbs, at Mill Creek, near Sheridan, Montana,
by Mr. and Mrs. H. M. Pitch (com. F. W. Anderson).

169
R. obliquata (Somni.) var. Americana, E. & E.

Sphaeria obliquata, Somm. Fl. Lap. p. 213.
Sordaria obliquata, Ces. & De Not, Schema p. 52.
Rosellinia obliquata, Sacc. Syll. 949.

Perithecia gregarious, \ mm. diam., erumpent, depressed-globose,
glabrous or with a few rudimentary, gland-like hairs below; ostiolum
acutely papilliform or obsolete. Asei cylindrical, 120-130x6-7 //.
Sporidia uniseriate, inequilaterally elliptical, brown, continuous, 8-10
x 5-6 //. Paraphyses filiform.

On scales of dead cones of Pinu8 ponderosa, Belt Mts., Montana
(Anderson 613.)

The perithecia in the Montana specimens are not obliquely at-
tached and the sporidia are rather smaller than stated by Dr. Winter
in Die Pilze (10-12 x 7 /*). The perithecia *also are mostly evenly
rounded above, without any distinct ostiolum.

R. obtusissima, (B. & C.)

Sphceria obtusissima, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 142.
Rosellinia obtusissima, Sacc. Syll. 966.

Perithecia ovate, with a papilliform orifice, half buried amongst
the fibers of the wood. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical,
brown, very obtuse, 12-14/i long.

On bleached rotten wood, Pennsylvania (Michener).

D. Perithecia small, gregarious, not bristly or hairy.

R. pulveracea, (Ehr.)

Sphceria pulveracea, Ehr. in Pers. Syn. p. 83.

Sordaria Friesii, Niessl. Vorarb. z. Crypt. Flora Von Mahren, p. 112,

Rosellinia pulveracea, Fckl. Symb. p. 149.

Rosellinia Friesii, Niessl. Beitr. z. Kentniss d. Pilze, p. 34.

Sphceria millegrana, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1559.

SphceriaUransversalis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1560.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 936.— Kunze F. Sel. 260.— Rab. F. F. 338, 1246, 2766.— Rehm Asc.
192, 695.— Rav. Car. IV, 58 —id. F. Am. 672.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1158.— Rab. F. E. 2766.
Mycoth. March. 1335 —Ell. N. A. F. 193,

Perithecia densely gregarious, often forming a continuous crust a-
ceous layer, but sometimes scattered, ovate-globose, minutely tuber-
cular-roughened, about \ mm. diam. Ostiolum papilliform, soon per-
forated. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. mostly 60-70x10-12 //, with a
stipitate base 20-30 /j. long, and filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uni-
seriate, elliptical, brown, 8-15x6-9 /i (mostly 10-12x7-8 fi).

Common on dead wood (and bark) of deciduous trees from Maine
to Louisiana, and west to the Pacific coast.
. 22

170

Var. millegrana (Sphcaria millegrana, Schw.), on dead trees,
Washington, and on decorticated oak limbs, New Jersey, has asci
p. sp. 80x10-12 /i, and sporidia 12-15x8-10 p.

Var. transversalis (Sphceria transversal is, Schw. 1. c), on rotten
limbs of Liriodendron, South Carolina (growing transversely and
surrounding the limb like a ring) differs from var. millegrana in its
annular mode of growth.

The following is a list of measurements of asci and sporidia in
some of the exsiccati above quoted. — Sacc. M. V. 1158. asci (p. sp.)
65-70x8-10 fi, spor. 10-12 x 7-8 p. Kunze. 260, spor. 8-1 Ox 6-8 p.
Rabh-Winter F. E. 2766, asci (p. sp.) 60x8-10 p, spor. 8-10 x 6-8 p.
Rehm Asc. 695, asci (p. sp.) 65-70x8-10 p, spor. 8-12x7-8 p.
Sydow M. March. 1835, spor. 10-12x7-9 p. Measurements of R.
millegrana, Schw. Rav. Car. IV, 58, spor. 8-11x6-7//. Raw F.
Am., spor. 10-12x6-8 p. Specc. in our Herb, from Delaware, have
spor. 7-8 x 5-7 p (mostly 6-8 x 5-6 p).

Excepting the var. millegrana, the American specimens have asci
and sporidia about as in European specimens. There is no appreciable
difference in the perithecia from the various localities, except a little
variation in size and roughness. Were there no intermediate forms,
the Washington and Delaware specimens might consistently be sepa-
rated, on account of the great disparity in the size of the sporidia, but
the occurrence of almost every gradation in size between them, makes
any specific distinction a matter of doubtful expediency, and we have
therefore, placed R. millegrana as a Syn. of R. pidreraeea, (Ehr.)

R. ulmaticolor, (B. & C.)

Splicer ia ulmaticolor, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152.
Rosellinia ulmaticolor, Sacc. Syll. 980.

" Perithecia very minute, on effused, umber-colored spots. Asci
linear. Sporidia uniseriate, brown, elliptical, 7J-8 p long.
On smooth, decorticated limbs/' South Carolina.

R. glandiformis, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, ovate-globose, black and glandular-rough-
ened, 1—1 J mm. diam., the lower part (about J) sunk in the wood, and
generally with a slight reinforcement around the lower half of the
projecting part, like the cup of an acorn, but this is sometimes want-
ing or reduced to a mere thin, granular coat. Ostiolum papilliform,
mostly small, sometimes obsolete, the apex of the perithecium being
then evenly rounded. Asci cylindrical, 100-114x8-10 p, with
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, acutely elliptical, opake,
(subhyaline at first), 14-15x7-8 p. Allied to R. subicidata, (Schw.)

On a live oak stump, Louisiana (Langlois), on rotten wood, Long
Isknd, N. Y. (Zabriskie).

171
R. ovalis, (Ell.) (Plate 20)

Sph&ria ovalis, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VIII, p. 125.
Rosellinia ovalis, Sacc. Syll. 989.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 896.

Perithecia gregarious or subcespitose, ovate, rough, 250-300 fi
diam., with an obtusely papilliform ostiolum. Asci narrow, cylindrical,
75-85 (p. sp. 60-65) x6//. Sporidia uniseriate, continuous, brown, va-
riable in size and shape, from short-elliptical to oblong, 8-12 x5-7 /i
(mostly 8-9 x 5-6 //).

On "sage brush", (Artemisia,) Utah (S. J. Harkness).

Closely allied to R. pulveracea, differing principally in its peri-
thecia.

R. mycophila, (Fr.)

Sphceria mycophila, Fr. S. M. II, p. 462.
Rosellinia mycophila, Sacc. Syll. 958.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, black, fragile, subshin-
ing, smooth, hemispherical or irregular in shape, ostiolum papilliform,
finally deciduous, leaving the perithecia simply perforated. Asci cyl-
indrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown. Sometimes several
perithecia are confluent.

On decaying Polypori, Pennsylvania and Carolina.

R. deerata, C. & E.

Sphceria deerata, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 93.
Rosellinia deerata, Sacc. Syll. 961.

Perithecia few, small, scattered, erumpent, globose, black. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, 12 x 7 ti. Some of
the perithecia contain stylospores.

On dead wood of Juniperus Virginiana, Newfield, N. J.

AH the specimens of this species in our Herb, are stylosporous
(Shceropsis), and we suspect the specimens from which it was described
were H. abietina, Fckl. with denuded perithecia.

R. umbrinella, (B. & C.)

Sphceria umbrinella, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152.
Rosellinia umbrinella, Sacc. Syll. 981.

"Perithecia umber colored, with a black, papilliform ostiolum.
Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, brown, elliptical, binucleate."
On Eupatorium coronopifolium, South Carolina.

1*72

E. Perithecia small, mostly gregarious, bristly.
R. ligniaria, (Grev.)

Spherria ligniaria, Grev. Crypt. Fl. vScot. I, p. 82.
Rosellinia ligniaria, Sacc. Syll. 991.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1810.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, Bubglobose^ or ovate-conical,
Mack, about \ mm. diam., or rather less, clothed with short (20-30 //),
black bristles. Asci cylindrical, p. sp, about 75x9-10 p. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate, elliptical, brown, 12-14x5-6 p.

On wood of various deciduous trees, Canada, New Jersey. Louisi-
ana, Carolina and Virginia.

The Louisiana specc, (on poplar), have asci p. sp. 75-80 x 10-12 p,
spor. 12-15 x 7-8 p, bristles 20-30 p long. On Ostrya Virgmica,
(Canada), spor. 10-1 2 x 7-8 p. On wood of Sambucus (Canada) spor.
10-1 2 x 7-9 a, bristles 50-75 p long. Pinus and Cvpressus are also
given in the Sylloge as habitats of this species.

R. trichota, (€. & E.)

Spheeria abietina, Fckl var. trichota C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 13.
Spherria hirtissima, Pk. 28th. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 78.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 895.

Perithecia mostly densely gregarious, ovate, 380 p high and 300 p
wide, densely clothed with straight, black, erect bristles, 75-90 //long.
Asci (p. sp.) 80-90 x 10-12 p, with a narrow, stipitate base 30-40 p
long. Sporidia uniseriate, lying end to end, subglobose or short ellip-
tical, opakc, 12-14 x 10-12 p.

On decorticated fallen limbs of Pinus rigid a, and on wood of
white cedar, Newfield, N. J. Mostly in the excavations made by
larva? burrowing under the bark.

On account of its longer bristles and subglobose sporidia we con-
sider this worthy of specific rank.

R. abietina, Fckl.. Symb. p. 150.

Exsice. Fckl. F. Rh. 1811.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, a little larger than those of /?.
pulveracea, ovate, attenuated above into an obtusely conical ostiolum,
black, covered with very short, black bristles. Asci cylindrical, 95-
100x10-12 p, stipitate. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, oblong, sub-
elliptical, continuous, brown, 14-16 x 6-8 //.

On exposed dead wood of Juniperus Virglniana, Newfield, N. J.

173

The Newfield Bpecc. have the asei (p. sp.) 75-80 x8-10 fi. Spo-
ridia 12-14x6-7 fi. Perithecia ovate, about \ mm. diam.

Differs from i?. ligniaria in its rather larger asei and sporidia.

R. ambigua, Sacc. Fungi Ven, Ser. II, p. 328, F. Ital. tab. 594.

Fxsicc. Rehni's Ascomycetes, 790.

Perithecia densely gregarious, superficial, with the habit and gen-
eral appearance of JR. pulvcracea, (Ehr.), globose-conoid, 120-140 jjl
diam., very black, clothed all over, but especially around the small,
papilliform ostiolum, with acute, divergent bristles, finally bald. Asei
cylindrical, attenuated below, 80 x 8 fi, 8-spored, and with filiform par-
aphyses. Sporidia directly or obliquely uniseriate, ellipsoid, or sub-
globose, 10-12 x 7-8 ,«, slightly compressed laterally, greenish at first,
becoming dark, continuous.

On branches of Sambucus pubens, New York (Peck)*

Evidently closely allied toi?. ligniaria.

R. hericiuni, (Schw.)

Sphceria hericiuni, Schw. in Herb. Berk.

Coniochceta hericium, Cke. Syn. 2785 and Grev. XV, p. 82.

Splueria hericiuni, Wall. Cr. Fl. Germ. No. 3871?

Perithecia scattered, 300 ju diam., subglobose, dark brown, clothed
with short, subulate, scattered hairs. Asei cylindrical, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia oval, continuous, brown, 12-14 x 8 ft.

On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).

R. Clavarise, (Tul.) (Plate 20)

Sphceria Clavarice, Tul. Ann. Sei. Nat. Ser. IV, torn. V, p. 113. '
Sphceria Clavarice, Awd. Rab. F. Fur. No. 252.
Sordaria Clavarice, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 52.
Pleospora Clavariarum, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 271.
Helmithospliceria Clavarice, Fckl. Symb. p. 166.
Rosellinia Clavarice, Winter, Die Pilze, 3096.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. Fur. 252, 1023, 2666.— Fckl. F. Rh. 2443.— FH. N. A. F. 786.

' Perithecia gregarious, superficial, globose, without any evident
papilliform ostiolum, dark brown, clothed all over with simple, spread-
ing, sharp-pointed, rigid, brown hairs, and seated on a widely effused,
felt-like, black, subiculum, the branches of which, as well as the hairs
on the perithecia bear conidia at their tips. Asei cylindrical, attenu-
ated below into a stipe-like base, 80-90 x 6-7 fi. Sporidia uniseriate
or partly biseriate, elliptical, pointed at the ends, dark brown, con-
tinuous, 10-14 x 6-8 fi. Paraphyses filiform, longer than the asei.
On living Clavaria Newfield, N. J.

174

The conidial stage, Helminthosporiurn Clavariarum, Desm., has
conidia elliptical or elongated-elliptical, 1-2-celled, brown, 15-20 x 8 /x7
borne singly or 2-3 together on the ends of the fertile hyphae.

R. rhyncospora, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. Feb. 1884, p. 42.

Perithecia densely crowded, g-lobose-conical, superficial, covering
large areas, studded all over with short, black spines. Asci 8-spored.
cylindrical, 96 x 10 /j>, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia oval or
elliptical, dark brown, continuous, 15-18 x 9 fi, often prolonged above
into a curved beak \-\ as long as the body of the sporidium.

On decorticated branches of Sambucus glauca, California.

R. foveolata, (B. & C.)

Sphceria foveolata , B. & C. Cuban Fungi, No. 847.
Rosellinia foveolata, Sacc. Syll. 996.

Perithecia globose, at length collapsing, clothed with rigid hairs,
seated on an effused, black stroma composed of hyphas with acutely
pointed branches. Sporidia hemispherical, foveolate, 5 /i diani.

Sporidia resembling the seeds of a Veronica.

R. arctespora, (C. & E.)

Sphceria arctespora, C. & B. Grev. V, p. 93.

Sphceria detonsa, Cke and Sphceria Xylariczspora, C. & F!. Grev. VI, p. 94.
Rosellinia arctispora, Sacc. Syll. 984.
Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 594.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, ovate, about J mm. diam.r
clothed with a bla^k, farinose tomentum, and with short spines about
like those of R. ligniaria. Asci (p. sp.) about 75x6//, with a narrow,
stipe-like base. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, oblong-fusoid, brownr
subinequilateral, 12-14 x3|-4 //, resembling the sporidia of Xylaria.

On wood of Andromeda, under the bark, Newfield, N. J.

R. Rattus, (Schw.)

Sphceria Rattus, Schw. Syn. N. A.m. No. 1535.

Sphceria ranella, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 107. (sec. Cke. Grev. XVI, p. 17).

Coniochceta Rattus, Cke. Syn. 2789.

Rebentischia ranella, Sacc. Syll. 2894.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, rather large, very fragile and
thin, glabrous, globose-conical, with a subobtuse, black, at length bare
ostiolum, which, at first, as well as the perithecium, is covered with a
black, densely hairy pellicle, the hairs cinereous-brown and divergent,
resembling a rat-skin. When young, the perithecia are immersed,
with only the hairs erumpent, but finally they emerge and become

175

partially free. Seen at a distance, the color is very black, but lighter
(cinereous) when viewed with a lens. Berkeley (1. c.) says of Sphmria
ranella. — " Perithecia globose, collapsing, rugged, seated on a brown
stratum; sporidia of two joints, the upper elliptical or pointed, dark,
the lower elongated and attenuated, with several nuclei, 1 8-25 (i long."

On bare wood and branches, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), on Plata-
nus, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Cooke places this among species with brown, continuous, appen-
dieulate sporidia, and for this reason it is here referred to Rosellinia,
but its true generic location is still uncertain.

R. diderma (Schw.)

Spfuzria diderma, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1593.
Amphisphcerella diderma, Cke. Grev. XVI, p. 91.

Scattered, simple, rather large, bicorticate. The outer wall has
the shape of a hemispherical or conical, denuded, rugose, dark brown
Sphmria with the papilliform ostiolum at first prominent, but finally
deciduous. Within this outer wall is enclosed another dark brown
Sphceria, frequently collapsed, immersed in the wood, and commu-
nicating with the outer ostiolum by an elongated neck. Sporidia (sec.
Cke. 1. c. ), almond-shaped, continuous, 14 x 8 fi.

On dry rotten wood, Bethlehem; Pa. (Schw.)

R. aperta, (Schw.)

Spfuzria aperta, Schw, Syn. N. Am. 1588.
Amphisphcrrella aperta, Cke. Grev, XVI, p. 91.

Perithecia black, connected by a black crust, crowded, but some-
times also scattered, semiimmersed, rather large, subcylindrically elon-
gated, truncate at the apex, collapsing, crowned with a large, papilli-
form ostiolum, which is finally deciduous, leaving the perithecium
broadly perforated above, concentrically striate outside, but scarcely
rugose. Sporidia (sec. Cke. 1. c.) continuous, brown, oval, 7x5//.

Rather rare, on rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

R. euticuiaris, (Schw.)

Sphceria euticuiaris, Schw. Syn. 1505.
Byssosphceria euticuiaris, Cke. Syn. 2650.
I

Perithecia somewhat scattered, hemispherical, shining-black,
papillate, \-\ mm. diam., seated on a shining-white, longitudinally
effused, narrow, membranaceous subiculum, which is not pulverulent
or manifestly floccose.

On bark, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.) Allied to R. subiculata.

We find no measurements of the sporidia of this species.

176

BOMBARDIA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 389.

Perithecia superficial, more or less vertically elongated, of firm,
coriaceous or membranaceous consistence, black. Asci cylindrical,
long-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia at first cylindrical, curved, hyaline,
finally enlarged above into an ovate or elliptical, brown head, the
lower part remaining cylindrical and subhyalinc.

The true character of the sporidia was first pointed out by Winter,
in Hedwigia (1874). Ambiguous between RoseUinia and Lasio-
splicvria, having the perithecia of the former, and the sporidia after the
type of the latter.

B. fasciculata, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 389. (Plate 21)

Spharia bombarda, Batsch Rlenchus Cont. I, p. 271.
Bertia bombarda, Ces. & De Not. Schema Sferiacei p. 51.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 940.— Rab. F. F. 949-

Perithecia fasciculate or crowded in continuous patches of 1 cm.
(more or less) in extent, short, oblong-cylindrical, slightly attenuated
below, grayish-pulverulent, becoming bare and black, 1-1 \ mm. high,
of firm, coriaceous consistence, with a small papilliform ostiolmn.
Asci elongated-cylindrical, very long-stipitate, somewhat attenuated
above, 120-150 x 9-10 p. (p. sp.) Sporidia at first cylindric- vermicular,
about 35 /j. long, with a short, subulate, curved appendage at each end.
but when mature, consisting of an ovate or elliptical, brown head
13-15x8 fi (the spore proper), and a cylindrical, curved, uniseptate,
subhyaline appendage, 24-26x4 p, below.

On rotten wood, (especially on the smooth, cut surface), New
York State (Underwood), Iowa (Ilolway).

MELANOPSAMMA, Niessl.

Notiz, ueber Pyreii. p. 40.

Perithecia superficial, or more or less sunk in the matrix, some-
times seated on a felt-like subiculum, subglobose, carbonaceous, glab-
rous or at first clothed with conidia-bearing hairs, black. Sporidia
elliptical or fusiform, uniseptate, typically hyaline, but sometimes
becoming pale brown.

M. pomiformis, (Pers.)

Sphczri a pomiformis, Pers Syn. p. 65.
Melanomma pomiformis, Fckl. Symb. p. 159.
EriosphcEria raripila, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. II, p. 326.
Melatiopsamma pomiformis, Sacc. Syll. 2248.
Fxsicc. Rab. K. F. 738.— Rehm. Asc. 36.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 68.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1479.
Roum. F. G. 181.

177

Perithecia superficial, crowded, or sometimes scattered, ovate-glo-
bose, smooth, 400 /jl diam., black, firm but thin-walled, finally slightly
depressed around the papilliform ostiolum, at first sparingly clothed
with conidia-bearing hairs. Asci clavate-fusoid, sessile, 8-spored, par-
ti physate, 60-75 (p. sp. 50-55) x 8-10 //. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical,
hyaline, uniseptate, 12-15x5-7 /i.

On rotten wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.), on dry,
decorticated wood of JPlatanus, Canada (Dearness).

M. subfasciculata, (Schw.)

Sphceria subfasciculata., Schw. Syli. N. Am. 1565.
Psilospharia subfasciculata, Cke. Syn. 2991.

Perithecia at first somewhat covered, but at length entirely de-
nuded. Allied to Bombardia fasciculata, but more scattered and
longitudinally subseriate. Perithecia subfasciculate, black, rugose,
subindurated, sometimes shaped just like those of B. fasciculata, but
often less elongated, subrotund and obtusely papillate, of smaller size
and subconfluent. Asci? Sporidia (sec. Cke. Grev. XV, p. 83) ellip-
soid, uniseptate, hyaline, 20 x 8 p.

On decaying shoots of grape vines, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).
M. confertissima, (Plowr.)

Sphceria confertissima, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 73.
Melanohsamma confertissima, Sacc. Syll. 2253.

Perithecia minute, densely crowded in patches, more scattered
circumferentially, mutually compressed, subspherical, 80-100 x 10-15 ji
Sporidia biseriate, uniseptate, subequal, 15-20x5 pt hyaline.

On scales of cones of Sequoia sempervirens, California,

M. abscondita, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia hemispherical, obtuse, black, about \ mm. diam., scat-
tered or crowded and subconnate, connected at base more or less dis-
tinctly by a thin, black crust, ostiolum papilliform, obscure. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. about 75x12 //, with stout paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, uniseptate, and strongly constricted
at the septum, slightly curved, nucleate, sometimes with two additional
§epta, 20-22 x 5-6 p.

Inside of old hickory nuts decaying on the ground.

This has the outward appearance of Trematosphceria nudearia,
but the sporidia are very different.
23

178

B. Perithecia more or less erumpent- superficial.
M. graopsis, (Ell.

Sphceria graopsis, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. IX, p. 73.
Melanopsamma graopsis, Sacc. Syll. 6086.
. Exsicc. KH. N. A. F. 780.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, submembranaceous, globose or
subelon gated, partially collapsing above, 250-370 /i diam., rough and
more or less covered with the bleached fibres of the wood. Ostiolum
papilliform, slightly prominent, surrounded by a slight depression.
Asci oblong, mostly bulging on one side, sessile, 50-58 x 20-25 /i, with-
out paraphyses?, 8-spored. Sporidia irregularly crowded, oblong-ellip-
tical, or oblong-navicular, hyaline at first, becoming pale yellowish-
brown, uniseptate, 20-25 x 8 /i.

On decorticated pine poles, Newfield, N. J.

M. Eckfeldtii, (Ell.)

Sphceria Eckfeldtii, EU. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club VIII, p. 91.
Melanomma Eckfeldtii, Sacc. Syll. 3247.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 593.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, minute (200-250 /i diam.), carbon-
aceo-coriaceous, glabrous, subglobose, with a minute, papilliform osti-
olum. Asci oblong or obovate, sessile (paraphysate) ? 70-80 x 25-30 /i.
Sporidia inordinate, oblong or oblong-fusiform, yellowish-hyaline, uni-
septate, sometimes a little curved, 25-30 x 6-9 ju.

On bleached wood of chestnut, near Philadelphia, Pa. (Eckfeldt).

A more careful examination of the original specimens shows that
the sporidia do not become 3-septate and brown, as was at first stated.
Three- septate, brown, free sporidia were seen, and it was too hastily
concluded that these were the mature sporidia, when, in fact, their
presence was only accidental.

M. papilla, (Schw.)

Sphcsria papilla, Schw. Syn. Car. 159, Fr. S. M. II, p. 462.
Melanopsamma papilla, Sacc. Syll. 2269.

Perithecia scattered, black, opake, symmetrically rounded, hemi-
spheric-conical, innate, large (1 mm. diam.). Ostiolum papilliform.
Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 200-230x15-20 /iy with a short, abrupt stipe
about 25 /j. long, and abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uni-
seriate, oblong-elliptical, hyaline, 30-50 x 15-18 ji, slightly constricted.
2-nucleate.

On rotten maple wood and bark, Carolina, on outer bark of living-
white oak, Newfield, N. J. Also reported from New York and Penn-
sylvania.

179

In Grev. XVI, p. 89, this is placed by Cooke in Amphisphceria as
having brown sporidia, but Avhat we have taken for this species (on
white oak bark, Newfield), has hyaline sporidia. Berkeley, in Grev,
IV, p. 144, gives the sporidia as "shortly fusiform, oblique, uniseptate,
33 fi long."

M. latericollis, (Fr.)

Sphczria latericollis. Fr. S. M. II, p. 464.
Melanopsamma latericollis, Sacc. Syll. 2259.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, rarely 2-3-confluent, of
medium size, at first immersed, then nearly free, obliquely ovate or
irregular, very black. Ostiolum generally lateral, straight or curved,
cylindrical, about as long as the perithecium. Asci oblong, stipitate,
8-spored, 80 x 14 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, obtuse at the
ends, straight or curved, uniseptate, sharply constricted at the septum,
cells 1-2-nucleate, slightly brownish, 24 x 7-8 fi.

On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa,

M. recessa, (C. & P.

Sphceria, recessa, C. & P. 29th. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 61.
Melanopsamma recessa, Sacc. Syll. 2265.

Perithecia gregarious, at first semiimmersed, smooth, flattened,
dark brown or black, 300 p. diam. Asci subclavate. Sporidia 1-2-
seriate, elliptical, uniseptate, deeply constricted at the septum, hyaline,
13-20x7-10 p.. The perithecia have something of a discoid appear-
ance.

On rotten wood, New York State.

M. cupressina, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 103.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, emergent-superficial, subhys-
teriiform-elongated, \-\ mm. diam., rough, carbonaceo-membranaceous,
with a broad and rather depressed opening above, (probably with a
prominent ostiolum at first). Asci clavate-cylindrical, 55-70 x 10-12 /i,
with filiform paraphyses, and 8 biseriate, yellowish-hyaline, clavate-ob*
long, uniseptate, about 12 x4 /z sporidia.

On bleached wood of cypress and red cedar, Louisiana (Langlois.)

M. psecilostoma, (B. & Br.)

Sphczria pcecilostoma, B. & Br. Brit. Fungi, No. 876, tab. io, fig. 23.
Zignoella pcBcilostoma, Sacc. Syll. 3652.
Conisphcsria pcecilostoma, Cke. Syn. 3334.

Perithecia partly free, subglobose, opake. Ostiola variable, obso-
lete, conic-cylindrical, frequently somewhat compressed. Asci short.

180

clavate. Sporidia cymbiform, acute at each end, 4-nucIeate, becoming
uniseptate, 25 fi long, hyaline.

On decaying Vaccinium, Newfield, N. J.

M. Texensis, (Cke.)

Sphczria Texensis, Cke. Texas Fungi, 143.
Melanopsamma Texensis, Sace. Syll. 2266.

Scattered over grayish or bleached spots. Perithecia subglobose,
immersed in the blackened wood, scarcely prominent. Asci cylin-
drical. Sporidia lanceolate, uniseptate, hyaline, 15 x 6 ft.

On old oak rails, Texas (Ravenel).

Specimens of this species in our Herb, from Ravenel (part of the
original Texas collection) have the asci oblong-cylindrical, about 60 x
12 p., nearly sessile and surrounded by abundant, filiform, branching
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, uniseptate, hyaline,
10-12 x3-3| /i, ends subacute. Only the vertex of the perithecia
projects above the surface of the wood.

M. segregata, (B. & C.)

Sphczria segregata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 141.
Zignoella segregata, Sacc. Syll. 3647.
Psilosphceria segregata, Cke. Syn. 2980.

"Perithecia scattered over the bleached surface, free, ovate, acute
at the apex. Sporidia hyaline, narrow, uniseptate, elongated-biconical."
On decayed wood, North Carolina.

BERTIA, De Not.

Giorn. Botan. Ital. I, p. 335.

Perithecia superficial or nearly so, more or less irregular in shape,
of a leathery-carbonaceous texture, surface tubercular or coarsely
wrinkled, glabrous, black. Asci clavate, 4— 8-spored. Sporidia elon-
gated, subcylindrical, uniseptate, hyaline.

B. moriformis, (Tode).

SphcFria moriformis, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 22, fig. 90.
Sphczria claTiformis, Sow. Eng. Fungi tab. 337. *

Sphczria rugosa, Grev. Flor. Kdiu. p. 364.
Bertia moriformis. De Not. 1. c.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 999. — Rab. Herb. Mycol. 637. — Rehm Asc. 442. — Sydow Mycoth,
March, 1818.

Perithecia crowded, superficial, ovate or ovate-globose, often com-
pressed vertically or otherwise irregular, black, surface coarsely tuber-
cular-roughened, J-j mm. diam. Asci elongated-clavate, pedicellate,
130-165x14-16 /jt. Paraphyses faintly septate. Sporidia 8 in an
aseus, crowded irregularly, hyaline, cylindrical or fusoid-cylindrical,

181

curved, with two large nuclei, and soon uniseptate, 25-30x6-7 /i
(30_4() x 5-6 ft, Winter).

On decaying wood of maple, Lyndon ville, N. Y. (Fairman), Cats-
kill Mountains (Peck), Pennsylvania (Schweinitz), and on old Daeda-
lea unicolor, Canandaigua, N. Y. (Edgar Brown).

B. submoriformis, (Plowr.)

Sphceria submoriformis, Plowr. Grev. V, p. 74.
Bertia submoriformis, Sacc. Syll. 2272.

Perithecia irregular, rugose, bursting through the cuticle, vari-
able in size. Sporidia biseriate, hyaline, simple, curved, 20-24 x 3 //,
uniseptate. This has much the appearance of B. morifor/nis, but
differs in habit and in the sporidia being little over half as large as in
that species.

On dead bark, California.

The foregoing is from Grevillea, 1. c. Specimens on a dead
(beech)? limb, from West Chester, Pa., determined by Cooke as this
species (Grev. V, p. 74), have the perithecia subovate, more or less
rough, \ mm. diam., or rather less, erumpent through the cuticle in
loose clusters of 2-6 together, or sometimes singly. Asci 75-80 x 12-
15 /i, with abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, broad-
fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate, 15-18x3-4 //, not curved.

MELANOMMA. Fckl.

Symbolae Mycol. p. 159.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, typically superficial, but some-
times erumpent-superficial, carbonaceous, mostly bare and black,
spherical or ovate. Asci cylindrical or clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia
oblong or fusoid, 2-or more-celled, brown.

M. piilvis-pyrius. (Pers.)

Sphceria pulvis-pyrius, Pers. Syn. p. 86.
Melanomma pulvis-pyrius, Fckl. Symb. p. 160.

Sphczria myriocatpa, Fr. (in Berk. N. Am. Fungi Grev. IV, p. 143. sec. Sacc. in
Syll. II, p. 98.)
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 937.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 650.

Perithecia generally crowded, often forming a continuous layer of
considerable extent, but sometimes scattered, superficial, irregularly
spherical or ovate, wrinkled or otherwise roughened, either sulcate or
smooth above, hard, black, 400 //diam., with a small papilliform ostio-
lum. Asci cylindrical or subclavate, stipitate, 8-spored, 80-100 x 6-1) w.
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, narrowed towards

182

each end, rounded above, straight or a little curved, 3-septate, and
slightly constricted at the septa, brownish, 16-18x4-6 /i.

On dead limbs and wood, Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New
York, California andCanacla.

M. cinereum, (Karst.)

Sphceria cinerea, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 91.
Melanomma cinereum, Sacc. Syll. 3259.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, attached to the inner bark,
and erumpent through the variously lacerated epidermis, at length
bare and free, sphseroid, smooth and subshining (at least when young),
black, 390-400 /i diam., with a subpapillate or umbilicate-impressed
ostiolum. Asci cylindric-clavate, 120-140 p. long, 8-spored, with
abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia subuniseriate or biseriate,
oblong, obtuse, 3-septate, the second cell generally somewhat enlarged,
slightly constricted at the septa, greenish-hyaline, then pale yellow,
20-28x6-10//.

On dead limbs of Salix groenlandica, Sukkertoppen, Greenland.

M. parasiticum, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Pa., July,
1890, p. 240.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, ovate-hemispherical,
110-130 p diam., roughish, black. Ostiolum papilliform, soon per-
forated. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 40-50 x 8-10 //, sessile, without par-
aphyses. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 3-septate, and
finally slightly constricted at the septa, 10-12x3-4 p, pale olivaceous.
Sphceria nigerrima, Blox. (Cke. Hndbk. No. 2612), which is parasitic
" on various species of Diatrype" has sporidia 12 J— 20 p long and at
length multiseptate, and perithecia "sprinkled with short, stiff bristles."

On old Diatrype stigma, Newfield, N. J.

M. Commonsii, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Pa., July,
1890, p. 239.

Perithecia gregarious, ovate-globose, rough, black, minutely to-
mentose-pubescent when young, 110-125 p. diam. Ostiolum papilli-
form. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 50-55x7-8 //, with abundant, filiform
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, 3-septate, slightly con-
stricted at the septa, olive-brown, 12-14x3-3| p..

Parasitic on Hypoxylon Sassafras, Wilmington, Del. (Commons).

183
M. occidentals (Ell,) (Plate 21)

Cucurbitaria occidentalism EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VIII, p. 125.
Melanomma occidentale, Sacc. Syll, 3272,

Perithecia crowded, depressed-hemispherical, flattened above, 300
-350 fi diam., with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
75-80 x 12-14 /i, with abundant paraph yses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong,
slightly curved, obtuse, yellowish-brown, 3-5 (exceptionally 6-7-) sep-
tate, often slightly constricted near the middle, 20-25 x 5-6 f±.

On sage brush, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

Var. Teto?iense, E. & E. (Melanomma Tetonense, E. & E. in Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 240.), on dead stems of Artemisia
cana, valley of the Teton, in Montana (Anderson 551), has the perithe-
cia and sporidia a little larger.

M. inspersum, (Schw.)

Sphceria inspersa, Schw. in Currey's Simple Sphser. 334, tab. UX, fig. 112.

Perithecia simple, corticolous, erumpent. Asci terete-clavate,
briefly stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate or crowded, with the
endochrome 4-parted, constricted at the partitions, usually rather more
pointed at one end than at the other, 25-28 p. long.

On bark, North America? (Schweinitz in Herb. Hooker).

M. helicophilum, (Cke.)

Sphceria helicophila, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 145.
Byssosphceria helicophila, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 123.
Melanomma helicophilum, (Cke.) Saec. Syll. 3274.

Perithecia scattered among the hyphag of Helicoma Berkeleyi,
subglobose. Asci elongated, cylindrical. Sporidia fusiform, multi-
nucleate, becoming multiseptate, yellowish, 60-70x6 //.

On decaying wood, with Helicoma Berkeleyi, Carolina (Ravenel).

M. seminis, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria seminis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 18.
Melanomma seminis, Sacc. Syll. 7007.

Perithecia superficial, j-| mm. diam., black, opake, subglobose,
sometimes subconfluent, ostiolum perforated. Asci clavate. Sporidia
cylindrical, straight or curved, 5-septate, brown, 50 x 6 fi.

On twigs of Baccharis, California (Harkness).

M. sulcatum, (Ell.)

Sphceria sulcata, Ell. Bull. Torr. "Bot. Club, X, p. 53.
Melanomma sulcatum, Sacc. Syll. 7009.
Kxsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d ser. 1663.

Perithecia superficial, densely gregarious, ovate, £ mm. diam.,
black, not polished. Ostiolum tuberculiform, large, with a rather

184

large and nearly circular opening. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 130x
22 /a, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, broad navicular-
fusiform, 3-septate, yellow, becoming brown, 35-45x11-15 fjt.
On dead sage brush, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

M. Porothelia, (B. & C.)

Sph&ria porothelia, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 142.
Leptosphczria stereicola, Ell. Am. Nat. March, 1883. p. 317.
Melanomma Porothelia, Sacc. Syll. 3244, Cke. Syn. 3126.

Perithecia innate-erumpent, minute, scattered, each seated in a
little depression. Asci subcylindrical, 50-60 x 7-8 /i. Sporidia 1-2-
seriate, shortly oblong-fusiform, rather obtuse at either end, triseptate,
brownish, 11-13 x 3-3 \ ft.

On the hymenium of some Stereum, South Carolina, on Stereum
bicolor, Pers. Delaware (Commons), Iowa (Holway).

M. spiniferum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d. Ser. 2610.

Perithecia scattered, minute (50-75 //), at first immersed, except
the papilliform ostiolum, finally partially erumpent, clothed above with
short, black spines, 20-25 x4 /i long. Asci oblong-elavate, 35-40 x
10-11 fi, subsessile. Paraphyses filiform. Sporidia 2-3-seriate, fusoid.
3-septate, not constricted, olive-brown, 12-14x3-3| fi.

On some thick, effused, Corticium ? growing on the base of trunks
of Morus rubra, Delaware (Commons).

Differs from M. Porothelia, (B. & C), in its spiny perithecia.
which are also only partially erumpent, and in its shorter, broader
asci. In M. Porothelia the perithecia are finally almost superficial,
and 110-120 fi diam., and not spiny at any stage of growth.

M. exile, (Schw.)

Sphceria exilis, Schw. (in Herb. Berk.) Grev. XV, p. 82.

A specimen from Schweinitz, in Herb. Berk., has small (§ mm.),
pilose perithecia, with fusiform, brown, 3-septate sporidia, 16-18x5 ti.

On rotten wood, Nazareth, Pa.

This is a different thing from Nitsckkia exilis, Fckl. Symb. p.
165, of which Sphceria exilis, A. & S. is quoted as a synonym.

M. squamu latum, (Schw.)

Sphceria squamulata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1538.

Coniochczta {Chcetomastia) squamulata, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 83.

Perithecia carbonaceous, ovate-globose or irregular, scattered or
subconcrescent, above the medium size, seated on a black, even, broad*
ly effused, or sometimes scanty and very rough, black crust overspread-!

185

ing the wood. Ostiolum distinct, thick, at length perforated. The
perithecia, except the bare, black ostiolum, are clothed with a sub-
shining, light yellow-brown, villose-squaniulosc, pulverulent coat, which
finally becomes black. Sporidia (Grev. 1. a), lanceolate, 3-5-septate,
brown, 20-40 //. long.

On decorticated wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

M. Aspergrenii, (Fr.)

Sphcsria Aspergrenii, Fr. in Kze. Mycol. Hefte, II, p. 40.
Melanomma Aspergrenii, Fckl. Symb. p. 159.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, of firm texture, superficial, or
with the base slightly sunk in the matrix, hemispherical, with a per-
forated, scarcely papilliform ostiolum, finally umbilicate-depressed,
black and shining. Asci cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia
uniseriate, oblong, obtuse at the ends, 4-celled, scarcely constricted at
the septa, olivaceous, 12x4 fit.

On decaying wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

The diagnosis is from Winter.

M. rubiginosum (Cke.)

Byssosphceria (Melanomma) rubigitwsa, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 80.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, seated on a thin, filamentose,
brown subiculum, globose, dark rust-color, subrugose. Ostiolum impress-
ed. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate,
triseptate, constricted in the middle, hyaline, becoming pale-brown.
20-24x4-6 ft.

On rotten wood, Poughkeepsie, New York (Gerard).

M. ramincolum, (Schw.)

Sphteria ramincola, Schw. in Herb. Berk.
Melanomma ramincola, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 83.

Perithecia subcespitose, subglobose, finally collapsing, black,
opake. Asci clavate. Sporidia lanceolate, triseptate, brown, 25 x 6/<.
On Pinus pinea.

M. inspissum, (Schw.)

Sphceria inspissa, Schw. Syn> N. Am. 1566.
Melanomma inspissum, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 83.

Perithecia very thickly scattered among the loosened, weather-
beaten fibres of the wood, and at first partly covered by them, but at
length bare, black, globose, rugose, with a papilliform deciduous ostio-
ium, very minute and finally collapsing. Sometimes cespitose-crowded,
24

186

but also scattered. Sporidia (sec. Cke. Grcv. XV, p. 83), triseptate,
brown, 12-14 /i long.

On rotten wood, Pennsylvania (Schw.)
M. sporadicum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia subconic-globose, 300-350 p diam., rough, black, with
a rather broad, papilliform, at length perforated ostiolum, erumpent-
guperficial, standing singly or oftener 2-4 subseriate in cracks between
the fibers of the wood. Asci clavate, subsessile, paraphysate, 8-spored,
100-110x15-20 //. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong or clavate-oblong,
3-5- (mostly 3-) septate, brown, obtuse, slightly constricted at the
septa, especially at the middle one, 20-30x8-12 /i, very variable in
size and shape.

On decorticated wood of Platcwiux, Canada (Dearness).

Differs from M. cinereum, Karst, in its rough perithecia and
variable, 3-5-septate sporidia; from M. squamulatum, (Schw.), in its
smaller perithecia and absence of any subiculnm ; from M. inspissuyi,
(Schw.). in its much larger sporidia.

ZItiNOELLA, Sacc.

Sylloge II, p. 214.

Perithecia subsuperficial, mostly gregarious, carbonaceous, black,
papillate, generally small, the lower part more or less sunk in the
matrix. Asci 8-spored, generally paraphysate. Sporidia ovate or
oblong, hyaline, pluriseptate. Differs from Metasphceria in its super-
ficial or subsuperficial perithecia.

Z. pulviscula, (Curr.)

Sph&ria pulviscula, Curr. Linn. Trans. XXII. tab. LVIII, fig. 52.
Melanomma pulviscula, Sacc. Mycol. Ven. Spec. p. 114.
Zignoella pulviscula, Sacc. Syll. 3627.

Perithecia usually gregarious, often crowded, sometimes scattered,
superficial, hemispheric-conoid, black, smooth and bare, carbonaceous,
\-\ mm. diam., with a small, papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, narrowed below, 8-spored, 75-80x9-12 fi. Sporidia
biseriate, fusiform, often slightly curved, hyaline, finally 3-septate,
18-20 x3|-4i ti.

On rotten wood, London, Canada (Dearness).

Sec. Winter this should be included in Z. ovoldea, Fr.

187
Z. quercetis, (Cke. & Massee).

Conispheeria {Zignoella) quercetis, Cke. & Mass. Grev. XVI, p. 91.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, semiimmersed, laterally com-
pressed, hysteriiform, black, ostiolum papilliform and finally deciduous.
Asci clavdte-cylindrieal. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, 4-nucleate, at
length triseptate, hyaline, 35 x 8 ft.

On naked, bleached wood, South Carolina (Curtis, 1915).

Z. exigua, (C. & P.)

Sphatria exigua, C. & P. 30th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 65.
Zignoella exigua, Sacc. Syll* 3629.

Perithecia subgregarious, small, 300 jjl diam., globose, sometimes
collapsed, smooth, shining, black, papillate. Asci clavate or cylin-
drical Sporidia elliptical, binucleate, then 1 -3-septate, hyaline, 15-
18x7§ fi.

On decaying wood, New York (Clinton).

Z. funicola, Ell.

Sphczriafunicola, EU. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 90.
Zignoella funicola, Sacc. Syll. 3639.

Perithecia scattered, minute (150-200 //), ovate-globose, partly
covered by the fibers of the cotton, pierced above, but without any
prominent ostiolum, rough, black, carbonaceo-membranaceous. Asci
oblong-cylindrical, contracted below into a short stipe, 65-75x15-
18 fi, with abundant conglutinated paraphyses. Sporidia crowded-
biseriate, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, 3-septate, hyaline, 15-20x7-8 /i .

On old cotton cord on a grape trellis, New Jersey.

Too near the next species.

Z. diaphana, (€. & E.)

Sphteria diaphana, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 53. tab. 80 fig. 15.
Zignoella diaphana, Sacc. Syll. 3653.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 781.

Perithecia gregarious, mostly on bleached spots, suberumpent
membranaceous, finally collapsing above, subelongated or subhysterii-
form, \-\ mm. in the longer diam., ostiolum not prominent. Asci sub-
sessile, cylindrical, paraphysate, about 75x12 a. Sporidia overlap-
ping or biseriate, clavate-oblong or oblong-elliptical, hyaline, 3-septate,
15-22x6-7 a.

Var. albovincta (fcphmria ailbocincta, C. & E. Grev. VII. p. 9),
has the perithecia surrounded at base by a narrow zone of bleached
wood, but does not differ otherwise, unless the sporidia may average a
little larger (20-23 fi long).

188

Var. soluta (Sphceria soluta, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 54, tab. 80. fig.
16), has the perithelia subovate, with the sporidia averaging rather
smaller (15-18 x4-5 ja).

On exposed wood, both of coniferous and deciduous trees, New-
field, N. J.

Z. SequoisB, (Plowr.)

Sphteria Scquoice, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 73.
Zignoella Sequcice, Sacc. Syll. 3670.

Perithecia rather large, immersed, then suberumpent, seated on
bleached spots. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia hyaline, obscurely 3 -sep-
tate, slightly unequal, the upper half being the larger, 25-30 x 8-10 p.

On dead bark of Sequoia gigantea, California.

Z. cyrillicola, (B. & C.)

Sphceria cyrillicola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 143.
Melanomma cyrillicolum, Saee. Syll. 3267.
Conisphceria cyrillicola, Gke. Grev. XVI, p. 87.

Perithecia scattered, black, ovate, with an acute apex. Asci
elongated, linear. Sporidia lanceolate, slightly curved, 4-septate,
20 p long.

On Cyrilla, North Carolina.

Specimens from Pennsylvania (Miehener) have the sporidia a
little stouter, but of the same length.

Cooke, in Grev. XVI, p. 87, places this with hyaline-spored
species.

Z. macrasca, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 138.

Perithecia scattered, semiimmersed, | mm. diam., globose-conical,
carbonaceous, black. Ostiolum papilliform, at length deciduous,
texture parenchyinatic, dense, sooty-black. Asci cylindrical, very
large, 200 x 10 ft, with a short stipe and surrounded by short (genuine)?
paraphyses, 8-spored, rounded and entire above. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, fusoid, slightly curved, 3-septate, 30 x 6 fi, not constricted,
hyaline, 4-nucleate.

On rotten wood, Carolina (Ravenel).

Sec. Cooke (Syll. 1. c.) this species approaches Sphceria picastra,
Schw., in its sporidia.

Z. Immulina, Pk. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. No. 2, p. 24.

Perithecia small, 260-310 p. broad, depressed-hemispherical,
slightly sunk in the matrix, subglabrous, black, with a minute, papil-
late ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 60-70 x 8-10 //. Sporidia uniseriate,

189
elliptical, 4-celled, appearing obscurely 3-septate, hyaline, 12-15 x 6J

On dead stems of Hamulus lupulus, Carlise, N. Y. (Peck).
The perithecia have a dull, squalid, unpolished or subscabrous
appearance.

Z. subvestita, (E. & E.)

Spharia subvestita, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. ioo.
Zignoella subvestita, Sacc. Syll. 7495.

Perithecia seated on the bare wood or on the bark, with the base
sunk in the matrix, ovate-conical, 165-250 /i diam., J mm. or more
high, black, rough, except the smooth, subshining, short-cylindrical or
subcorneal, broadly perforated, subtruncate ostiolum. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 50x6-7 /^, with filiform paraphyses and a slender, stipitate
base. Sporidia fusiform, yellowish-hyaline, slightly curved, 3-septate
and constricted slightly at the middle septum, 12-15 x 2-3 /i, crowded-
biseriate. The sporidia are much the same as in Clypeosphceria Hen-
dersonice, Ell., except in having the ends slightly curved, but in that
species, the perithecia are depressed, subcuticular and subastomous.
Zignoella conica, (Fckl.), has much larger sporidia (28x4 //.).

On drv, bleached roots of Vaccinium, Newfield, N. J.

FAMILY. CERATOSTOMEiE.

Stroma none. Perithecia superficial, or at first immersed and
finally erumpent, with an awl-shaped or at least more or less elongated
ostiolum. Texture thin-membranaceous, or sometimes subcoriaceous.
Asci mostly very evanescent, with the membrane thickened at the apex.
Paraphyses generally present.

The most obvious character of this family is the elongated (subu-
late, cylindrical or conical) ostiolum. It is distinguished from the
Gnomoniece by the superficial or erumpent perithecia, and the presence
of paraphyses.

Ceratostoma, Fr. Obs. II, p. 340.

Perithecia more or less superficial, with a distinct, and generally,
strongly developed beak; substance firm, coriaceous or carbonaceous.
Sporidia ovate, oblong or elliptical, brown, continuous.

€. brevirostre, (Fr.)

Sphcsria brevirostris, Fr. S. M. II, p. 474, and Curr. Linn. Trans. XXII. p. 322.

tab. 58, fig- 68.
Ceratostoma, brevirostre, Sacc. Syll. 775-

190

Perithecia scattered, semiimmersed, globose, smooth, glabrous,

black. Ostiolum cylindrical, equal, about half as long as the pcrithe-
cium. Asci cylindrical, briefly pedicellate, 100 x 10 //. Sporidia uni-
seriate, elliptical, pale brown, 15-17 u long.

On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa.

At first immersed, finally emergent and bare, very smooth, almost
shining, fragile. £t/*-*>u

€. rubefaciens. (Pk.)

Sphceria rubefaciens, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 79.
Ceratostoma rubefaciens, Sacc. Syll. 777.

Perithecia minute, scattered, subglobose, smooth, black, nearly
free, abruptly tapering into the long, slender, subulate ostiola. Asci
clavate, fugacious. Sporidia elliptical, brown, 4-5x4^ //.

On decorticated wood of deciduous trees, New York State (Peck).
The surface of the wood is variegated with red stains.

C. setigerum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia densely gregarious, superficial, hemispherical, \-\ mm.
diarn., cinereous-black, clothed with long, spreading, black bristles.
Ostiola erect, stout, rough, slightly swollen at the tip, black, |-1 mm.
long. Asci oblong-cylindrical, broadest in the middle, p. sp. 12-15 x
4 [i, aparaphysate. Sporidia conglomerate-biscriate, elliptical, olive-
brown, continuous, about 3xl| //.

On decaying oak wood, Ohio (Morgan, 895).

C. Avocetta, (€. & E.) Sa

Sphceria Avocetta, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 15.
Ceratostoma Avocetta, Sacc. Syll. 774.
Sphceria caminata, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 94.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 779.— Rav. F. Am. 673.

Perithecia scattered, globose, \ mm. diam., entirely buried in the
wood, with the tips of the cylindrical (J-IJ mm. long) ostiola project-
ing or, by the decay or weathering away of the wood, becoming super-
ficial; often in cracks of the wood, one side of the perithecium being
buried and the other projecting into the open fissure; in that case
bald and smooth, but when buried in the soft wood, more or less
fibrous-strigose, with brownish hyphae. Asci p. sp. cylindrical, 45-50
x 7-8 /i, with paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, often oblique, brown,
oblong-elliptical, 1-2-nucleate, 8-10 x3| /i.

On rotten wood of deciduous trees, common around Newfield, and
probably in other localities.

191

The specimens of S. caminata, C. & E., in my Herb., and of
S. caminata, Cke. in Rav. F. Am., do not afford any characters to
distinguish them from this.

€. carpophilum. Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. IX, p. 73.

Perithecia subglobose, | mm. or over in diam., rough. Ostiolum
capillary, three times or more as long as the perithecium,and more or less
(•looked or bent. Asci slender, about 50 // long, with filiform paraph-
vses. Sporidia uniseriate or biseriate, fusiform, yellowish. 4|-6 /x long.

On old chestnut burs, with Sphceria (Lcestadia) echinophila,
Schw. which has the asci and sporidia hardly distinguishable from
those of this species.

{). subulatum, Ell. Am. Nat. March, 1883, p. 318.

Perithecia covered by the epidermis, globose, 150 ft diam. Osti-
olum erumpent, subulate, \ mm. long, apex subfimbriate. Asci 8-spored,
evanescent, elliptical, 15x11 fi. Sporidia subcubical in the asci, be-
coming ovate or subglobose when free, brownish, 4J— 5J x 3-3 J //, often
oozing out in a globule at the tip of the ostiolum.

On dead stems and capsules of Oenothera biennis, and on the
brush of an old broom-corn broom, Newfield, N. J.

In the description of C. xubulatum in Am. Nat. the perithecia
were erroneously described as "subulate." The ostiolum is subulate,
but the perithecia are globose and immersed. C. caulincolum, Fckl.
has larger perithecia and sporidia.

C. eonicum, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phil, Pa., July, 1890.

Exsicc. EU. & Kvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2348.

Perithecia immersed or superficial by the falling away of the sur-
rounding wood, gregarious, subovate, about \ mm. diam., rough, pro-
longed above into a conical, rough ostiolum projecting above the
surface of the wood, and finally elongated to about 1 mm. in length.
Asci 75-80x8// (p. sp.), with stout, lance-pointed paraphyses much
longer than the asci. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, pale brown,
about 5-nucleate, straight, 18-20x3 /i.

On rotten pine logs, Newfield, N. J.

C. parasitieum, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia membranaceous, subhemispherical, ^ nun. diam.. red-
dish-brown, becoming slaty-black, prolonged above into a stout beak
2-2J mm. long, 150 fi thick below, narrow ing to about 75 u at the

192

paler, subfimbriate tip. Asci oblong-ovate, p sp. about 20-25x7-8//.
Sporidia crowded, acutely elliptical, hyaline, becoming dark, 7-8 x
4|-5 fi. The asci and sporidia often ooze out at the tip of the long
beak or ostiolum, and form a dark colored globule, which inclines to
flatten out, and thus gives the appearance of an enlarged, truncate tip.

On old Fomes applanatus, West Chester, Pa.

Specimens of Periconia sphmrophila, Pk., found by Mr. Mes-
chutt in Northern New Jersey, and by Miss Minns in New Hampshire,
are ascigerous and much resemble this.

C. juniperinum, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia gregarious, awl-shaped, black, 700-800 p high, slightly
enlarged at the tip, swollen and about 150 p thick below. Asci
included in the ovate-swollen base, oblong-elliptical, about 12x6 /a
with a slender stipe 12-15 p long. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, ovate-
globose, brown, 4x3| //, or a little less. The sporidia exude and
form a little brown head at the apex of the peri thecium, thus giving the
appearance of a Calicium.

On a wounded, dead place on a limb of Juniperus Virginiana,
Flatbush, Long Island (Zabriskie).

C. subriifura, E. & E. (in Herb.) (Plate 22)

Perithecia gregarious, minute, erumpent-superncial, ovate, 112 p.
diam., with a cylindrical ostiolum about 300 p long. Asci ovate, stipi-
tate, p. sp. 10x6//, evanescent. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, 8 in an
ascus, subcubical, brown, about 4x3//, with a single large nucleus.

On dead places in oak limbs partly killed by fire, in company
with Walliprothiella melanostigma, (C. & E.), Newfield, N. J.

C. ? foliicolum, Fckl. 2d. Dutch North Polar Exp. p. 94, tab. I,

fig. 7, Sacc. Syll. Addit. I, p. 37.

Perithecia with the habit of Gnomonia, scattered, at first im-
mersed, finally suberumpent, globose, minute, black. Ostiolum very
long and black. Asci not seen. Sporidia perfectly globose, nucleate,
epispore smooth, 8 p. diam.

On the lower surface of dry leaves of Salix arctica Sabine Island.
Arctic America.

Species imperfectly knoton.

C. fallax, Cke. & Sacc. Grev. VII, p. 8.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 788.

Perithecia loosely gregarious, superficial, globose-depressed, \ mm.

193

diam., prolonged above into a filiform, subflexuous ostiolum nearly
1 nun. long. The perithecia contain an abundance of minute, hyaline,
oblong spermatia 4 x 1-1 \ //, often collected into a subglobose mass.
On pine lumber recently cut and closely packed, Newfield, N. J-
Doubtfully distinct from C. piliferum, (Fr.), which is also usually
sterile.

C. piliferum, (Fr.)

Sphceria pilifera, Fr. S. M. II, p. 472.
Sphceria rostrata, Schum. Enum. Fl. Saell. p. 128.
Ceratostoma piliferum , Fckl. Symb. p. 128.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 1525. 2327.

Perithecia gregarious, naked, black, very small, globose, smooth.
Ostiolum capillary, very long, acuminate. Sporidia (sec. Berk. Grev.
IV, p. 146) sausage-shaped, 5 /x long.

On pine rails, Carolina, on oak, Alabama. Found also in Penn- ,
sylvania by Dr. Michener.

C. mucronatum, (Schw.)

Sphtzria mucronata, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 4. — Fr. S. M. II, p. 475.
Ceratostoma mucronatum, Cke. Syn. 3814.

Perithecia gregarious, minute, black, bare, conical, glabrous, some-
times confluent but not crowded, innate-superficial, smooth, rigid, con-
tracted above into a short-cylindrical, rather obtuse ostiolum.

On dead wood, Carolina. Rare.

C. drupivorum, (Schw.)

Sphceria drupivora, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1613.
Ceratostoma drupivorum, Cke. Syn. 3819.

Perithecia rather large, hemispherical, densely crowded, black,
involved in a white, byssoid tomentum (which perhaps is only acci-
dental). Ostiola very long, dark liver-color, straight.

On decaying nuts of Juglans cinerea, very rare, Bethlehem, Pa.

C. investitum. (Schw.)

Sphceria investiia, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1621.

Perithecia globose, rather large, at length free, black, at first
immersed in the wood and covered with tomentum. Ostiola large,
long, rigid, sulcate-tuberculose, thickened above, black.

On rotten wood, emerging from a rather thick, cottony, brownish
rust-colored, or light yellow tomentum, with which it is entirely cov-
ered, /in other respects like C. rostrata.
• / 25

194

(J. hvstricina, Cke.

Ceratostoma hystricina, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 199.
Ceratostontella hystricina, Sacc. Syll. 5995, Cke. Syn. 3766.

"Perithecia gregarious, semiimmersed, at length emergent and
subsuperficial, dark brown, tomentose, beaked. Ostiola cylindrical,
subflexuous. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia elliptic-lanceolate, hyaline,
16-18x6 pt.

On bark of JFicus, Aiken, So. Carolina.

The specimens distributed under this name in Rav. F. Am. 674,
and Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F., 2d Ser., 2349, do not agree at all with the
above quoted description, being a species of Valsa, with minute
sporidia.

€. spina, (Schw.)

Sphceria spina, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 154.

Ceratostoma spina, Schw. in Cooke's Synopsis, 3818.

Sphceroncma Fraxini, Pk. in 29th Rep. p. 71, and in Ell. N. A. F. 737.

Sphcerographium Fraxini. Sacc. Syll. Ill, p. 598.

According to specimens in Herb. Schw., these are all the same
thing, Sphcerographium spina, (Schw.)

(ERATOSTOMELLA, Sacc.

Michelia I, p. 370.

Characters the same as in Ceratostoma, only sporidia hyaline.
C. Mali, E. & E. Proc Phil. Acad. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, globose, 400 /j diam., barely
covered by the bark which is slightly raised above them and pierced
by the short-cylindrical, obtuse, 150 x 75 p ostiolum, with a rather large
round opening at its apex. Asci clavate, subtruncate above and nar-
rowed gradually to the acute base, about 40 x 5 p, 8-spored. Paraph-
yses none. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, scarcely curved,
faintly 2-nucleate, 6-8 x 1J p. Differs from C. dispersa, Karst. in its
rather smaller, straight, bald ostiolum.

On the inner surface of loose, hanging bark of partly dead apple
trees, Newfield, N. J.

(J. nyssicola, (B. & (.)

Sph&ria nysscecola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 143.
Ceratostontella nysscecola, Sacc. Syll. 1564.

Perithecia semiimmersed, subglobose, with an abrupt and at length
elongated neck. Sporidia elliptical or shortly cyinbiform, 7-8 p \o\\\
On Nyssa in Pennsylvania.

195

C. stricta, (Pers.)

Sphceria stricta, Pers. Syn. p. 59.
Ceratostoma strictum, Fckl. Symb. p. 127.
Ceratostomella stricta, Sacc. Syll. 1555.

Porithecia crowded or seriate-conglomerate, scarcely emergent,
sphaeroid, smooth, rigid, fragile, glabrous, black. Ostiolum straight,
rigid, erect, rather obtuse, twice longer than the perithecium. Asci
attenuated into a slender pedicel, cylindric-elavate, 30-35 x 5 /j. (p. sp.),
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, elongated, slightly curved, continuous,
6-8 x 1 £-2 //, 2-4-nucleate, hyaline.

On rotten wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania, common.

C. echinella, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Gregarious. Perithecia about \ mm. diam., globose, covered, but
not deeply, membranaceo-carbonaceous. Ostiola exserted, 1 mm. long,
rough and glandular-pubescent below, becoming glabrous, more or less
bent or undulate, slightly thickened at the tips. Asci clavate, 25-30
x4-5 p. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, cylindrical, hyaline, curved, 3^
xl/i.

On the inner surface of cast-off maple bark, New Jersey, and Ohio
(Morgan, 928).

C. albocoronata, (Ell.)

Ceratostoma albocoronatum, BU, Am. Nat. 1883, p. 318.
Ceratostomella albocoronata, Sacc. Syll. 5997.

Perithecia conical, minute, vomiting forth the ascigerous nucleus
in the form of a white globule. Asci cylindrical, 35x7 p.. Sporidia
uniseriate or partly biseriate, elliptical, hyaline, 1-2-nucleate, 7J-9| x
3— 3J /i. Accompanied by obovate, brown, 2-3-septate conidia borne
singly on the apices of erect, brown, simple hyphae thickly scattered
over the matrix.

On rotten wood, Newfield, N. J.

€. rostrata, (Fr.)

Sphceria rostrata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 473.
Ceratostoma roslralum, Fckl. Symb. p. 127.
Ceratostomella rostrata, Sacc. Syll. 1564.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, immersed or free, globose,
rugose, bald, black, variable in size from 300-700 /z diam., with a very
long, unequal, rather obtuse, longitudinally striate, 4-cornered. mostly
curved, rigid beak. Asci clavate-cylindrical, sessile, 8-spored, 40-45 x
8-9 p. Sporidia oblong or elliptical, continuous or obscurely uni-
septate, hyaline, 9-12x4 //.

196

Found in New York State (sec. Peck in 22d Rep.) and on maple
in South Carolina (Berk, in Grew IV, p. 146).

C. cirrhosa. (Pers.)

Sphceria cirrhosa, Pers. Syn. p. 59.
Ceralostoma cirrhosum, Fckl. Symb. p. 127.
Ceratostomella cirrhosa, Sacc. Syll. 1547.

Perithecia scattered or sometimes crowded, at first buried, finally
semierumpent, globose, with brown, creeping, mycelioid hairs, which
penetrate the surrounding wood, the projecting part becoming bald,
black and smooth, about 400 y. or over, broad, with a long, mostly
curved and tubercular, bald ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical, sessile,
8-spored, 65-75x7-9 ft. Sporiclia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, with
two nuclei, hyaline, 9-12 x3| ft.

On rotten wood, Carolina.

C. capillaris, (Ell.)

Ceratostoma capillare, F,U. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 20.
Ceratostomella capillaris, Sacc. Syll. 5996.

Perithecia capillary, nodulose, clothed below with short, spread-
ing, hyaline hairs which are scarcely enlarged at the base. Asci ellip-
tical, 30-35 x 9 ft. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, crowded, fusiform, nearly
hyaline, indistinctly nucleate, straight or slightly curved, 11-14x3-3! ll-

On decaying catkins of Alnus serrulata, Newfield, N. J.

RHYNCOSTOMA, Karst.

Myc. Fenn. II, p. 7.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, immersed or erumpent, sphse-
roid, with a beak-like ostiolum equaling or exceeding in length the
diameter of the carbonaceous, black, glabrous perithecium. Asci cylin-
drical or clavate, 8-spored, generally paraphysate. Sporidia ellipsoid,
fuscous, uniseptate.

Rh. cornigerum, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 57.

Perithecia somewhat scattered, immersed, finally half emer-
gent, ovate-globose, rather more than | mm. diam., black, surrounded
below with long, concolorous filaments. Ostiolum stout, rough, mostly
a little curved, conic-cylindrical, 3-6 mm. long, generally a little con-
tracted just below the tip. Sporidia ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid,
uniseptate and mostly a little constricted at the septum, brown, 8-10 x
3-4//.

Var. Americana,^. & E.,on rotten wood, Ohio (Morgan, 260) and

197

Louisiana (Langlois, 2283), has the peritheeia densely gregarious and
emergent-superficial, the hairs around the base tow-colored and finally
disappearing.

Rh. tinctnm. (E. & E.)

Ceratostoma tinctum, E. & F,. Bull. Wash. Coll. vol. I, p. 5.
Rhyncostoma tinctum, Sacc. Syll. 6620.

Peritheeia eruinpent-superficial, ovate-globose, 165-250 fi diam,
roughened with projecting points. Ostiolum filiform, §-j mm. long,
nearly smooth, sometimes a little swollen just below the apex, which
is often crowned with a globule of ejected sporidia half as large as the
perithecium itself. Asci subcylindrical, about 30 x 7 //, subsessile,
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, sub-
acute, uniseptate, 6-7 x 2 j— 3 /i, brown.

On dead wood of Acer, macrophylhim, Klikitat Co., Washington
(Suksdorf).

Closely allied to Rh. mrmttum, Karst.

Rh. altipetmn, (Pk.)

Sphczria a/tipeta, Pk. Bot. Gaz. vol. V, p. 36.
Rhyncostoma altipetum, Sacc. Syll. 2769.

Peritheeia minute, subglobose, black, immersed. Ostiola emergent,
subcorneal or cylindrical, nearly as long as the peritheeia. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, colored, 16-17 x5 //, hyaline
at one end, uniseptate near the other.

On decaying wood, Mt. Washington, N. Y.

The peritheeia sometimes occur in long lines. When young, the
sporidia are colorless, but they soon become colored, except at one
end, and contain two nuclei. Finally a septum is formed near the
colored end of the sporidium.

Rh. spharincola, (Schw.)

Sphcevia splicerincnla., Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1611.

Peritheeia densely gregarious, rather soft, erect, dark brown,
very rough. Ostiolum of medium length, rigid, oblique, only a little
longer than the ovate peritheeia.

On decaying Nummmlaria Bnlliardi, Carolina. Ycvy rare
quite different (sec. Schweinitz)'from Melanospora iagenaria.

CERATOSPH^RIA, Niessl.

Not. Pyr. p. 43, (emended).

Peritheeia semiimmersed or superficial, coriaceous or subcarbona-

198

coous, more or less rostrate. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia elongated
transversely pluriseptate, subhyaline or rarely brownish; Paraphyses

distinct.

C. microdoma, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 78. (Plate 22)

Peritliecia barely covered by the bark, densely gregarious, minute,
not over 165 (i diam. Ostiola projecting, cylindrical, \ mm. long, rough
and more or less overrun with a brown tomenturn (which, however,
may be only accidental). Asci oblong-cylindrical or clavate-cylin-
drical, 50-55 x 7-8 //, subsessile, with rather stout, filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate or crowded, oblong or clavate-oblong, 3-septate and
slightly constricted at the septa, olive-brown, 11-12 x 2 j— 3 (i.

On bark of decaying (Sambucusf. St. Martinsville, La., June
1888 (Langlois, No. 1310).

0PHI0< ERAS, Sace.

Syll. II, p. 358-

Perithecia immersed or emergent, subcarbonaceous, globose, with
a conic-cylindrical ostiolum more or less elongated. Asci subcylin-
drical. Sporidia filiform or cylindrical, 2- or more-septate, hyaline.

This genus differs from Ceratostoma in its elongated, hyaline,
septate sporidia.

0. Ohiense, E. & E. (in Serb.)

Perithecia gregarious, at first immersed in the wood which is
slightly pustulate-elevated over them and pierced by the stout, black,
rough, beak-like ostiola, which are 1-2 mm. long, carbonaceous and
brittle, their smooth, rounded tips at first pierced in the center with a
small, round opening, at length broadly perforated. The perithecia
are finally emergent and bare, only the base remaining sunk in the
wood, about 1 mm. diam., with thick, carbonaceous walls, rough and
brownish-black outside, the upper, projecting part finally breaking or
falling away, leaving only the cup-shaped base sunk in the surface of
the wood. Asci clavate-cylindrical, gradually attenuated below, 90-
100x7-8 /jt, pseudo-paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia subfasciculate,
fusoid-cylindrical, hyaline, 8-1 2-septate, slightly and rather abruptly
attenuated at the ends, which are mostly a little incurved and sub-
obtuse, 40-50 x 3|-4 {i.

On rotten wood, Ohio (Morgan, No. 528).

This seems to be quite distinct from any other described species.

C*&C*^4^+~« \^U>'

^

-

HYPSOTHECA, Ell. & Evrht.

Journ. Mycol. I, p. 128.

Perithecia subulate, stylosporiferous at base, and with a medial
or subapica! enlargement above, containing the ascigerous nucleus.
This latter character will distinguish this genus from Geratostoma.
Caliciopsis, Pk. is also closely allied, but is placed by its author among

rH. snbcorticalis, (C. & E.) 1. c. p. 128. (Plate 22)

Sphceronema suborticalc, C. & F-, Grev. VI, p. 83.

Hypsotheca snbcorticalis, K. & F- Journ. Mycol. I, p. 129. / f* 5£"

Perithecia subcylindrical, about \\ mm. high and 100 p thick,
only slightly enlarged at base, and containing subglobose, continuous,
brown stylospores 3-5 fi diam., or oblong-ovate, 5-10 x 4-5 p. and 2-3-
septate. Ascigerous cavity subapical, formed by a gradual, subovate
enlargement 150-175 ji diam., in the middle, and closely packed with
the oblong-ovate or subelliptical, 8-spored asci, 12-15 x 7-9 //. on slen-
der pedicels 15-20 fi long, and without paraphyses. The asci are hya-
line and smaller at first. Sporidia conglomerated, subglobose, brown-
ish, 3— 3J fi.

Growing from the inner surface of the loosened bark or from the
exposed edges of loosened pieces of bark, on dry, decaying oak limits
lying on the ground, Newfield, N. J., Sept., 1877, and March, 1883.

This description was made from a reexamination of the original
specimens.

H. calicioides, (Fr.)

Sporocybe calicioides, Fr. S. M. Ill, p. 342.
Hypsotheca calicioides, F. & F- I. c.
Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. I, p. 83.

Gregarious, subulate, black and smooth, about 1J mm. high, 115 /t
thick, the swollen, subelliptical, ascigerous cavity, about midway be-
tween the base and the apex, 250 p. thick. Asci (spore bearing part)
oblong or ovate, 15-20x8-11 //, with a thread-like stipe of about the
same length. Sporidia conglomerated, elliptical, hyaline, becoming
brown, continuous, 6-7 x 3-3 \ p.

Ravenel's specimens are on poplar bark. Mr. C. J. Sprague has
sent specimens collected by W. N. Suksdorf in Washington, and
which agree in all respects with Ravenel's specimens. Suksdorfs
specimens are also, apparently, on bark of poplar.

H. thiijina, E. & E. 1. c. p. 128.

Perithecia subulate, 700-800 /j. high and 55-60 ti thick below.

200

with a gradually enlarged or swollen place near the top about 1 50 fi
long and 90-100 /i thick, and above this, again contracted to about
the same size as below, forming a truncate beak 75-80 fi long, the
whole being, in fact, a hollow cylinder of fibrous-cellular structure,
slightly enlarged at base and filled with minute, hyaline, oblong or
cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 2-3 x \ jj. spermatia and the
swollen part above filled with an abundance of club-shaped, 8-spored
asci, without paraphyses, and consisting of an obovate or subelliptical
head or spore-bearing part 9-12 x4|-5| //, and a filiform base or stipe
15-20 a long.

On partly dead foliage of Cupressus thyoides, Newfield, N. J.

The membrane of the asci is very delicate, and scarcely discern-
ible after the sporidia have matured, but easily seen in the young state.
Sporidia globose, pale brown, 2| jul diam., collected in a mass.

LENT0MITA, Niessl.

Notiz. uber Pyren. p. 44.

Perithecia sunk in the matrix, finally erumpent or free, soft-coria-
ceous or even membranaceous, prolonged above into a more or less
evident beak. Asci delicate, with the membrane thickened at the
apex. Sporidia uniseptate, hyaline. Paraphyses present.

RHAMPH0RIA, Niessl. 1. c.

Perithecia as in Ceratosphozria. Sporidia oblong, elliptical or
ovate, muriform.

No representatives of either of these two genera have yet been
reported in this country.

FAMILY. AMPHISPMRIEJ].

Stroma wanting. Perithecia either closely adnate or with the
base sunk in the matrix, becoming erumpent-superficial, or sometimes
superficial from the first; generally of hard, carbonaceous texture,
with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci elongated, paraphysate. Dis-
tinguished from the next preceding and following families by the pa-
pilliform ostiolum.

AMPHISPHi]RIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema. Sferiacei, p. 49.

Perithecia at first adnate or more or less sunk in the matrix,

201

finally erumpent and mostly superficial, of firm, often carbonaceous
texture, bald, with a small ostiolum. Asci paraphysate, 8-spored.
Sporidia uniseptate, brown.

A. atrograna, (C. & E.)

Sphceria {Psilosphceria) atrograna, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 15.
Amphisphceria atrograna, Sacc. Syll. 2734.

Perithecia thickly gregarious, depressed-globose, rough, black,
subcarbonaceous, pierced above, 110--120 // diam. Asci cylindrical,
sessile, paraphysate, 40-45x6-7 ft. Sporidia uniseriate or subbi-
seriate, ovate-elliptical, brown, uniseptate, 9-12 x 4-5 fi (12-14 x 5 /a
Cke.)

On rotten wood of Liquidambar ■, Malaga, N. J.

The surface of the wood is blackened.

A. bispherica, (C. & E.)

Sphceria bispherica, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 41.
Amphisphceria bispherica, Sacc. Syll. 2724, Cke. Syn. 3432.

Perithecia gregarious, semiimmersed, grayish-black, somewhat
flattened, 175-200 fi diam. Ostiolum indistinct. Asci cylindrical, par-
aphysate, subsessile, 100-120x5-6 a. Sporidia uniseriate, pale brown,
uniseptate and constricted, cells subglobose or conical, 10-12x4-5 //
(12x7//, Cke.)

On decorticated wood of apple tree limbs, Newfield, N. J. Not
abundant.

A. incriistans, E. & E., in Webber's Cat. Fl. Nebraska, 1889, p. 53.

Amphisphceria saprogena, E. & K. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, ovate-globose, roughish, 250-
300 p. diam., with a papilliform or obtusely-conical ostiolum, texture
subcarbonaceous, base slightly sunk in the wood, which is blackened
and overrun with a species of Dendryphium (D. crustaceum, E. & E.)
having simple, septate, erect hyphse 90-115x7-8 //, bearing terminal,
subcatenulate, oblong or cylindrical, 2-4-septate, 25-45x10-12 //.
conidia. Sometimes the hyphae are branched above, the short, spread-
ing branches also bearing conidia. Asci sessile, paraphysate, oblong-
cylindrical, 70-75x12-15 fi. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, often
slightly curved, uniseptate, brown, 22-27x7-8 //.

On rotten wood, Nebraska (Webber), and Kansas (Kellerman).

The Kansas specimens (A. saprogena, E. & K.) are not accom-
panied by any conidia! growth.
26

202

A. deformis, Ell. & Lang, (in Herb.)

Perithecia superficial or at least, with the base simply adnate,
ovate, obtuse, roughish, black, about ^ mm. diam., at length broadly
perforated or irregularly ruptured above, carbonaceous. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, paraphysate, 75 x 7-8 ii (p. sp. about 65 /x long). Sporidia
uniseriate, ovate-elliptical, brown, uniseptate and slightly constricted,
8-10 x 3±-4 fju

On the bare wood of an old cedar post, Louisiana (Langlois).

A. decorticata, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphczria decorticata, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 19.
Amphisphczria decorticata, Sacc. Syll. 6613,.

Perithecia seriate or irregularly gregarious, nestling among the
loosened fibres of the wood, at length superficial or nearly so, subglo-
bose, black, rather less than \ mm. diam. Ostiolum inconspicuous.
Asci, including the slender base, 150 x 12 /x, with abundant paraph-
yses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong or ovate-oblong, uniseptate and
slightly constricted at the septum, 15-20x8-9 //, brown.

On decorticated limbs of oak, California.

A. dothideaspora, Cke. & Hark. Orev. XIV, p. 9.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, emergent , covered by the
blackened epidermis, conic- convex, black and shining, J mm. diam.,
with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci p. sp. 65-75 x 10-12 /*, with abun-
dant paraphyses. Sporidia mostly biseriate, ovate-oblong, brown, uni-
septate, the septum being below the middle, slightly constricted at the
septum, 15-20 (mostly 15-17) x 7-8 /x (30 x 12 jul Cke.)

On dead stems of Mimulus glutinosus, California.

The epidermis is not uniformly blackened, but only directly over
the perithecia.

A. salebrosa, (C. & P.)

Sphczria salebrosa. C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 61.
Amphisphczria salebrosa, Sacc. Syll. 2747.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, globose, rough, black, depressed
and umbilicate, pierced at the apex and faintly radiately sulcate, |-|
mm. diam. Asci cylindrical or clavate. Sporidia lanceolate, acute,
uniseptate, brown, constricted at the septum, 35-50 x 8-10 //. Par-
aphyses numerous, filiform.

On dead shrubs, New York State (Peck).

203

A. melasperma, (Cke.)

Psilosphczria melasperma, Cke. Grev. VIII, p. 118.
Amphisphczria melasperma, Sacc. Syll. 2745.

Erumpent, at length exposed. Perithecia globose, black, smooth
and somewhat shining. Ostiolum thick and subprominent. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia elliptic-acuminate, dark, nucleate, at length uni-
septate and nearly black and opake, so that the septum is hardly visible,
35x12/^.

On naked wood, New York (Gerard).

A. Oronoensis, (E. & E.)

Sphczria Oronoensis, E. & H. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 117.

Perithecia scattered, subcarbonaceous, black, roughish, subsuper-
ficial, the base only slightly sunk in the wood, small (about one sixth
111111.), globose or slightly depressed-globose. Ostiolum papilliform.
Asci linear, 75x5// (spore-bearing part about 50 it long), surrounded
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, brown,
uniseptate but not constricted, 6-8 x 2J-3 ju, cells equal or the lower
one a little narrower.

On rotten wood, Orono, Maine (Harvey).

Apparently near Sphceria sardoa, De Not.

A. botulzespora, (Cke.)

Sphceria botulcespora, Cke. Texas Fungi, No. 133.
Amphisphczria botulispora, Sacc Syll. 2719.

Perithecia gregarious, semiimmersed, slightly compressed laterally,
about \ mm. diam. Ostiolum papilliform, perforated. Asci saccate.
Sporidia straight or slightly curved, obtuse at the ends, uniseptate, the
upper cell being twice the length of the lower, constricted at the sep-
tum, brownish, 70-80 x 12 ti.

On old rails, Houston, Texas (Ravenel).

Specimens of this species in our Herb, from Ravenel, are sterile
or at most afford only a few hyaline, oblong, 3-nucleate, stylospores
7-8 x 2| tt.

A. phileiira, (C. & P.)

Sphceria phileura, C. & P. Grev. V, p. 55, pi. 81, fig. 6.
Amphisphczria phileur a, Sacc. Syll. 2774, Cke. Syn. 3443.

Perithecia punctiform, small, scattered, orbicular, depressed, semi-
imniersed, black. Ostiolum simple, pierced. Asci clavate. Sporidia
biseriate, elliptical, brown, uniseptate and slightly constricted at the
septum, 22 x 10 tt.

On bark of Tilia Americana, New York State (Peck).

204

A. tumulata, (Cke.)

Sphceria tumulata, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 4,
Amphisphceria tumutata, Sacc. Syll. 2751.

Perithecia immersed, subglobose, black. Ostiola erumpent. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia sublaneeolate, obtuse, nniseptate, dark brown,
35-40 x 12 //, with a hyaline apiculus at each end.

On wood of Pinus contorta. Sierra Nevada Mts., California, alt.
8000 feet.

A. thiijina, (Pk.)

Sphceria thujina, Pk. 27th Rep. p. no.

Amphisphceria thujina, Sacc. Syll. 2750, Cke. Syn. 3446.

Perithecia scattered, nearly free, hemispherical or conical, slightly
rugulose, thin and fragile. Ostiola at first slightly papilliform, then
perforated. Sporidia large, nniseptate, oblong-elliptical, constricted
at the septum, colored, 36-45 f± long.

On decaying wood of Thuja occidentalism Adirondack Mts., New
York.

As no mention is made of any asci, this, as far as the description
goes, may be only a Diplodia.

A. ithiops, (B. & C.)

Sphceria cethiops, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 143.
Amphisphceria cethiops, Sacc. Syll. 2731, Cke. Syn. 3436.

Perithecia jet-black, subglobose, with a small, nipple-like ostiolum.
Asci clavate or oblong. Sporidia clavate-oblong, uniseptate, some-
times with a gelatinous coat, 33 /i long.

On old logs, mountains of New York.

Nothing is said of the color of the sporidia, but Cooke (1. c.)
places this in Amphisphceria, with species having brown, uniseptate
sporidia.

A. albomaculans, (Schw.)

Sphceria albomaculans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1592.
Amphisphceria albomaculans, Cke. Syn. 3449.

Perithecia scattered on a well-defined white spot, very black and
generally surrounded at the base by green, pulverulent matter, irregu-
larly hemispherical, of medium size, semiimmersed, punctate, acutely
papillate. Sporidia (sec. Cke. Grev. XVI, p. 91) uniseptate, brown,
12x3 fi.

Schweinitz also observes that often the ostiola of 2-3 perithecia
are, as it were, connate, united into a single ostiolum, round or vari-

205

ously compressed and finally regularly perforated or subrimose.

On dead decorticated trunks of Syringa, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

A. aquatica, (E. & E.)

Sphceria aquatica, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 42.
Amphisphceria aquatica, Sacc. Syll. 6617, Cke. Syn. 3450.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, buried or suberumpent,
250 jut diam., subglobose or slightly elongated, with a papilliform
ostiolum. Asci narrow-cylindrical, 150 x 8-10 ta, with abundant par-
aphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted at the septum, straight or slightly curved, pale at first with a
single large nucleus in each cell, at length dark brown, 15-20x 6-7 //.

Inside a cedar water-pail in constant use, Newfield, N. J., 1883.

A. Langloisii, E. & E. in Herb.

Perithecia gregarious, hemispherical, 1 mm. diam., base sunk in
the wood, black, roughish, thin and brittle. Ostiolum prominent, stout,
tuberculo-conical, obtuse and at length perforated. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical, p. sp. 100-125x15-20 ju, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
overlapping-uniseriate, or biseriate above, fusoid-oblong, uniseptate
and subconstricted, brown, sub inequilateral, 30-40 x 10-12 /a.

On a decaying log of Garya (?), Louisiana (Langlois 2171).

The perithecia resemble those of A. umbrina, but the sporidia
are much larger.

A. Platani, E. & E. i n Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, convex, hemispherical, about \ mm. diam..
covered by the slightly blackened epidermis which is pierced by the
tuberculo-papilliform ostiolum. Asci stipitate, p. sp. 40-50 x 10-12 jut,
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptical,
brown, uniseptate, slightly constricted, sometimes slightly curved and
slightly attenuated at the ends, 11-15x4-5 /*, crowded-biseriate, pale
brown at first, then dark brown.

On loose bark of Platanus, Louisiana (Langlois 2213).

Differs from A. fallax, A. umbrina and A. pseudo-umbrina, in
its smaller, biseriate sporidia, and from the last two, in its smaller, cov-
ered perithecia. Allied to A. dothideaspora, Cke. & Hark.

A. quercetis, Cke. & Mass. Grev. XVI, p. 92.

Perithecia gregarious, large (1 mm. diam.), at first immersed then
semiemergent, conic-convex, for a long time covered by the epidermis,
papillate, black, flattened at base. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Spo-

206

ridia imiseriate, elliptical, rounded at the ends, slightly constricted and
imiseptate in the middle, brown, 28 x 10 ft.

On bark of Quercus alba. North Carolina (Curtis).

A. conferta, (Schw.)

Sphceria confertula, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1508.

Sphceria conferta, Schw. Syn. Car. 187, Fr. S. M. II, p. 444.

Byssosphceria {Amphisphceria) conferta, Cke. Grev. XV, p. 81.

Perithecia crowded, globose, granular, depressed at the apex and
subpapillate, very black, seated on a radiate-fibrose, creeping my-
celium. When the perithecia occur singly, seated in the center of the
radiate subiculum, they present a very elegant appearance. Sporidia
(sec. Cke. Grev. XV, p, 81) uniseptate, brown, obtuse at the ends,
constricted in the middle, 12x4 /jl.

On dead Laurus Benzoin, North Carolina (Schweinitz).

A, papillata, (Schiim.)

Sphceria papillata, Schutn. IJnum. Ssell. II, p. 161.

Amphisphceria papillata, De Not. Sfer. Ital. 68, fig. 71, Sacc. Myc. Ven. Spec,
p. 112, tab. XI, fig. 24.

Perithecia scattered or sometimes 2 or 3 confluent, half sunk in
the matrix, spherical, depressed around the papilliform ostiolum, about
1 mm. diam., hard, smooth, dark brown, clothed with a thin, floccose
coat. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
elliptical, sometimes rather acute at the ends, uniseptate, brown, not
constricted, 15x8 jut.

Common on wood of Salix, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

A. applanata, (Fr,)

Sphceria applanata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 463.
Trematosphceria applanata, Fckl. Symb. p. 162.
Amphisphceria applanata, Ces. & De Not. Schema. 224.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 932.

Perithecia scattered, black, innate-superficial, flattened at base,
smooth, convex, at length collapsing to plano-concave, rugose under
the lens, sometimes confluent. (Asci)? Sporidia oblong, unequally
uniseptate, upper cell smaller, lower larger and ventricose, acuminate,
24x8/^.

Frequent on decorticated trunks of Robinia, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schw.)

A. Wellingtoniae, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria {Amphisphceria) Wellingtonice, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 19.
Amphisphceria Wellingtonice, Sacc. Syll. 6615.

Perithecia gregarious, immersed, black, elongate-compressed,

207

hysteriiform, striate, opake, 150-180 a long, 80 fi wide, perforated
above. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate,
brown, scarcely constricted, each cell uninucleate, 12-14x8 /x.
On bleached wood of Sequoia, California.

TREMATOSPHJIRIA, Fckl.

Symb. p. 161, emend. Sacc. Syll. II, p. 115.

Perithecia simple, carbonaceous, hard, superficial or subsuper-
ficial, at length broadly perforated above, conical or globose, generally
large. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia oblong or fusoid, 3- or more-septate.

The genus as defined in Symb. Myc. included species with the
sporidia 1-3-septate (Amphisphceria, in part).

Tr. pertiisa, (Pers.) (Plate 22)

Sphczria pertusa, Pers. Syn. p. 83.
Trcmatosphczria pertusa, Fckl. Symb. p. 162.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 931.

Perithecia scattered, mostly only slightly sunk in the matrix or
simply adnate, spherical-conoid, black, hard, subrugose, rather less
than I mm. diam. Ostiolum mostly conical and soon deciduous, leav-
ing the perithecium perforated. Asci elongated, 110-140 x 15-20 p,
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate or obliquely uniseriate,
elongated-biconical, unequally uniseptate, finally 3-septate and more
or less constricted at the septa, brown, 24-32 x 8-10 p..

Schweinitz (Syn. N. Am. p. 214) says this species is common in
Carolina and Pennsylvania. It is also mentioned by Peck, in 22d
Rep., as found in New York, but we have never seen any American
specimens which we could refer to this species.

Tr. nuclearia, (De Not.)

Sphceria nuclearia, De Not. Micr. Ital. Dec. 9. p. 462, fig. IV.
Hypoxylon nucitena, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 52.
Sphceria car yophaga, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1594.
Trematosphczria nuclearia, Sacc. Syll. 3308.
Sphceria Curlisii, Berk, in Curtis Cat. p. 145.

Perithecia superficial, with their bases slightly sunk in the matrix,
and connected by a thin, black, carbonaceous crust, hemispherical,
rough, black, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
60-70 x 7-8 fi (p. sp.), with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia irregularly
biseriate, oblong, slightly curved, narrowed and rounded at the ends,
12-16x4-5 fj., biseptate, end cells subhyaline, middle cell with a
broad, black band across the center.

On decaying hickory nuts, Pennsylvania (Everhart).

208

Tr. peniophora, (Cke.)

Conisphceria peniophora, Cke. Grev. VIII, p. ng.

Trematosphceria peniophora, Sacc. Syll. 3292.

Perithecia scattered, black, conical, flattened at the base, smooth.
Asci ample, clavate. Sporidia fusiform, constricted in the middle and
then faintly 3-5-septate, acuminate at each end, brown, 100 x 14 jx.

On bark, New York (Gerard).

The sporidia remain for some time hyaline, with a granular en-
dochrome and uniseptate, but at length become pale brown and faint-
ly 3-5 septate.

Tr. subcollapsa, (E. & E.)

Lophiostoma subcollapsum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. ioo.

Perithecia cartiiagino-membranaceous, black, globose, f-1 mm. in
diam., buried in the substance of the bark, the epidermis slightly eleva-
ted and blackened over them, and pierced by the papilliform ostiolum.
which finally collapses. Asci clavate-cylindrical, about 150x12 /i,
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or more or
less distinctly biseriate above, oblong-elliptical, 20-26x6-10 /x, or
regularly elliptical, 20-22 x 12-15 ti, hyaline at first, becoming brown
and 3-7-septate, but not constricted at the septa. The sporidia are
sometimes a little curved, or at least more prominent on one side.
The ostiolum is quite inconspicuous and only slightly prominent.
Sometimes one or two of the cells of the sporidia are divided by a
longitudinal septum

On outer bark of living Nyssa multiflora, Newfield, N. J.

This evidently belongs more properly in Trematosphceria, on
account of the inconspicuous, deciduous ostiolum.

Tr. mastoidea, (Fr.)

Sphczria mastoidea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 463.

Sphtzria revelata,B. & Br. Not. of Brit. Fungi, No. 634, tab. 11, fig. 18.
Sphceria Opuli, Fckl. Symb. p. 115, tab. hi, fig. 24.
Melomastia, Friesii, Nits, in Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. I, p. 18.
Trematosphceria mastoidea, Winter Die Pilze. p. 274.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2322.— Rab. F. E. 1937 ?

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first buried in the matrix,
with only the ostiolum projecting, finally erumpent and nearly, but
not entirely, superficial, spherical or subspherical, with a distinct,
short-conical, perforated ostiolum, smooth and bare, J-l mm. diam.
Asci cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored, 130-150x8-9 ji, with abundant,
filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, rounded at the ends,
2-septate, hyaline, 15-20x6-8 fi.

209

In Grey. IV, p. 144, Berkeley reports this from North Carolina,
on Fraxinus, with sporidia shortly fusiform, 3-septate, 12|-15 //. long.
The description and synonyms above are from Winter's Pilze. We
have seen no specimens. This species appears to differ from the other
members of the genus in its hyaline sporidia.

Tr. seminiida, (Pers.)

Sphceria seminuda, Pers. Syn. p. 70.
TrematosphcSria seminuda, Fckl. Synib. p. 162.

Perithecia scattered or 2-3 connate, about half sunk in a white,
felt-like subiculum, the upper, projecting part bald, with a sharp,
conical ostiolum. Asci elongated-cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia uni*
seriate, brown, ovate or oblong, obtuse above and broader, the lower
end attenuated, 3-septate, constricted at the septa, 14x6 /*.

Found (sec. Schw.) on bark, Carolina and Pennsylvania.

The above description is from Winter's Pilze. This must not be
confounded with TeicJiospora seminuda, De Not (Syll. II, p. 297).

CARY0SP0RA, De Not.

Micromycetes Ital. Dec. IX.

Perithecia as in Trematosphceria. Asci large, 2-8-spored. Spo-
ridia large, biconical, with a snout-like (often 1-3-septate) prolongation
at each end. This is hardly more than a subgenus of Trematosphceria*

C. putaminum, (Schw.) (Plate 24)

Spharia putaminum, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 163..
Car yospor a putaminum s De Not. Micr. Ital. IX.
Exsicc. Rab-Winter F. Eur. 3343.— EH. N. A. F. 898.

Perithecia scattered, adnate-superficial, about 1 mm. diam., hemi-
spherical, with a large tuberculiform, broadly perforated and at length
deciduous ostiolum, carbonaceous, smooth or concentrically wrinkled,
black. Asci broad-oblong, ventricose, stipitate, paraphysate, (280-
340 x 70 jn, Winter). Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, 2-8 in an ascus,
biconical or broad -elliptical, constricted and septate in the middle,
brown, 80-100x40-55 p (108-140x50-65 ,«, Winter). The pro-
longation at the ends is often obscurely 1-^3-septate, but these addi-
tional septa are easily overlooked and are not always present. The
sporidia are often surrounded by a broad hyaline envelope.

On old peach pits lying on the ground. Common in the peach
region.

The asci are very evanescent, so that it is difficult to find an entire
ascus containing mature sporidia. Those we have seen were 150-200
27

210

x 55-60 /i, but they were immature. Occasionally a peach pit is met
with, on which all the perithecia produce 8-spored asci, but in this case
the sporidia are smaller, 30-50 x 1 8-20 fi. There are generally but
two of the larger sporidia in an ascus.

C. callicarpa, (Curr.)

Sphceria callicarpa, Curr. L,inn. Trans. XXII, p. 321. tab. 58 fig. 62.
Caryospora callicarpa, Fckl. Symb. p. 163.

Perithecia scattered, broadly adnate at base, |-1 mm. diam., car-
bonaceous, brittle, dull black, with a prominent, obtuse, tuberculiform-
conical ostiolum, which is finally deciduous, leaving the perithecimn
broadly perforated above. Asci broad-clavate, paraphysate, about
200 x 50 p (210-260 x 60-70 /i, Winter). Sporidia subbiseriate, broad-
fusoid, with ends mostly curved in opposite directions, subhyaline, 75-
85 x 20-25 ju, 3-5-septate at first, finally broad-elliptical, with the ends
narrowly pointed, brown, nearly opake, 100-112 x 40-50 f±.

On bark of decaying Platanus, Long Island, N. Y. (Zabriskie)
and on dead birch limbs, Hull, Canada (Macoun).

The young sporidia are mostly distinctly constricted at the mid-
dle septum, but when mature, they are scarcely constricted, and the
color becomes so dark that the septa can hardly be seen. The asci in
the specc. examined did not seem well developed, and it is probable
that the measurements given by Dr. Winter are none too large.

C. Langloisii, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 79.

Perithecia gregarious, nearly superficial, their bases slightly sunk
in the matrix, depressed-conical, large (nearly 1 mm. across), dull black,
with a distinct papilliform ostiolum. Asci broad-oblong or narrow-
elliptical, subsessile, 120-140x40-45 /*, 8-spored, with abundant fili-
form paraphyses. Sporidia crowded in the asci, somewhat almond-
shaped or acutely elliptical, uniseptate and slightly constricted at the
septum, ends obtusely pointed, yellowish-hyaline at first, soon dark
brown, 35-45 x 1 6-20 // and 3-septate.

On old canes of Arundinaria, Louisiana (Langlois).

The two additional septa (one near each end of the sporidium)
do not appear at first.

0HLERIA, Fckl. (Plate 23)

Symb. p. 163.

Perithecia adnate-superficial, carbonaceous, subglobose, papillate,
ostiolum soon perforated. Often seated on a thin stroma or on the
blackened surface of the wood. Asci elongated, stipitate, 8-spored,

211

paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, 3-septate, brown, constricted
and separating at the middle septum. Differs from Trematosphceria
principally in its sporidia separating in the middle,

0. rugulosa, Fckl. 1. c.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 694.

Stroma inconspicuous or none. Perithecia gregarious, adnate-
superficial, conic-globose, about J mm. diam., carbonaceous, black, sub-
vclutinous below. Ostiolum conic-tuberculiform, soon perforated.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, stipitate, 80-110x7-8 /*, paraphysate. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, 3-septate, brown, constricted and sepa-
rating in the middle, 16-20 x4-4§ /i (14-16 x4|-5 /i, Winter and
Sylloge).

On the hard wood of a decaying oak stump, Newfield, N. J.
Found also in Florida by W. W. Calkins.

0. modesta, Fckl. 1. c.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2173.— EH. N. A. F. 694 (b).

Differs from the preceding in its distinct, pulverulent-velutinous
subiculum and rather smaller sporidia (14-16 x3|^ fi).
On a decaying oak stump, Newfield, N. J.

WINTERIA, Rehm.

Ascom. Diag. No. 286.

Perithecia rather soft, membranaceous, not carbonaceous, greenish*
or reddish-parenchymatous, generally collapsing to cup-shaped. Osti-
olum perforated. Sporidia hyaline, 2- or more^septate, and sometimes
subfusiform.

W. creriilea, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 91.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, flattened, \-\ mm. diam,,
covered by the thin epidermis, through which they are plainly visible.
Ostiolum broad-papilliform, obtuse, collapsing when dry so that the
perithecia appear umbilicate. Asci 75-114x16-17 //, oblong-cylin-
drical, abruptly contracted below into a short, stout base, and sur-
rounded by filiform paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, broad fusiform
or clavate -fusiform, narrowed below into an acute, awl-shaped base,
yellowish, multi- (8-12-) septate and submuriform, 30-35 x 7-8 ju.

On bark of some living coniferous tree, Washington (leg. Suks*
dorf, com. C. J. Sprague).

212

W. rhoina, E. & E. Journ Mycol. I, p. 92. (Plate 23}

Exsicc, EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1669.

Perithecia erumpent, densely gregarious, subseriate, subglobose,
black (l~i mm.), membranaceous, thin and collapsing so as to become
concave or patelliform. Ostiolum papilliform and mostly 4-5-stellate-
cleft. Asci 45-60 x 7-8 /i, broadest in the middle. Paraphyses stout,
linear, nucleolate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, yellowish, nucleolate,
straight or slightly curved, sometimes strongly so, 20-25 x 2|-3 tu.

On weather-beaten wood of Rhus copallina, Newfield, N. J.

W. tuberculifera, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Pa. July,
1890, p. 240.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, } mm. diam., depressed-globose,
narrowed below, tubercular roughened, collapsed and cup-shaped
when dry, black. Asci 35-40 x 5-6 ju. Sporidia crowded-biseriate,
fusoid-oblong, hyaline, 2-4-nucleate, 6-8 x 2— 2 J /jt, (becoming 1-3-sep-
tate)?

On bark of wild plum (Prunus), London, Canada (Dearness).

Var. ccvspitosa, on Cerasus Virglniana, has the perithecia col-
lected in dense tufts 1|-2J mm. across, surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, and the sporidia slightly curved, 6-10 x 2-2| /jl, 2-nucleate.

W. crustosa, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 149.

Perithecia membranaceous, \-\ mm., depressed-hemispherical,
tuberculose, and roughly laciniate-cleft above, seated on and partly
connected by a thin, crustose, black subiculum more or less distinct.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 65-80 x 10 //. Paraphyses soon resolved
into a mass of granular matter. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, 20-25 x
4-5 fi< yellowish or hyaline, with a faint, gelatinous envelope ; endro-
chrome divided in the middle, exceptionally 2-times divided. The
perithecia collapse when dry, so as to resemble a Peziza with an ob-
tuse margin. Ostiolum not very conspicuous, papillose-conical, 4-5-
stellate-cleft. Allied to Winteria ordinata, (Fr.), but differs in its
shorter, mostly uniseptate sporidia, and depressed perithecia.

On decorticated oak, West Chester, Pa.

TEICH0SP0RA, Fckl.

Symb. p. 160, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 290.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial or with the base
sunk in the matrix, spherical or ovoid, coriaceous or carbonaceous,

213

requently collapsing. Ostiolum papilliform or inconspicuous. Asci
cylindrical or clavate-cylindrical, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia
ellipsoid, muriform, brown or (in the subgenus Teichosporella) hyaline.
Lio-nicolous or corticolous.

Cooke and Winter make Teichospora a synonym of Strickeria,
which latter name seems to have precedence, but we have retained the
generic name Teichospora, which Saccardo has adopted in his Sylloge.

A. Perithecia not collapsing, sporidia colored.
Teich. obducens, (Fr.)

Sphceria obducens, Fr. S. M. II, p. 456.

SphcEria plateata, Curr. L,inn. Trans. XXII, p. 318. tab. 57, fig. 35.
Sphczria miskibutris, De Not. Schema, p. 47.
Teichospora obducens, Fckl. Symb. p. 161.
Strickeria obducens, Winter Pilze, 3207.
Exsicc. Fckl, F. Rh. 2024.— Rabh. F. Eur. 638. — Rehm Asc. 42.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, subsuperficial, ovoid-globose,
unequal, rigid, rugulose, glabrous, with a papilliform ostiolum, black,
about \ mm. diam. Asci briefly pedicellate, clavate-cylindrical, 1 50-
180x18-22 //, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate or subbiseriate, sub-
ellipsoid, 5-7 -septate and muriform, constricted in the middle, brown-
ish, 20-30 x9-12 fi, with filiform paraphyses.

On Sassafras, mountains of New York, and on alder (Berk, in
Grev. IV, p. 142), on Viburnum, London, Canada (Dearness), var.
pinea, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 206, on wood of Abies, Idaho (Dr. Eckfeldt).

Teich. Eucalypti, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria Eucalypti, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 20.
Teichospora Eucalypti, Sacc. Syll 7105.

Perithecia scattered, subsuperficial, small, subglobose, black.
Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, slightly
constricted, 5-7-septate and muriform, brown, 20-22 x 8 fi.

On rotten wood of Eucalyptus, California.

Teich. interstitialis, (C. & P.)

Sphceria (Benudatae) interstitialis, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 61.
Teichospora interstitialis, Sacc. Syll. 3885, Cke. Syn. 3501.

Perithecia gregarious, at first semiimmersed, always apparently
so by nestling among the fibers of the wood, subglobose, pierced at the
apex, black, 300-500 p. diam. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate,
polymorphous, triseptate, with occasional longitudinal septa, deeply
constricted, brown, 30-35 x 12-16 //.

On decorticated wood of cherry, Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck).

214

Teich. inseciira, (Ell.)

Cucurbitaria insecuta, EH. N. A. F. 882.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, globose-depressed, base
sunk in the matrix, apex obtuse and minutely papillate, coriaceous,
black, smooth, J mm. diam. Asci cylindric-clavate, paraphysate,
8-spored, 130-135x18 ju. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, obovate-
elliptical, constricted in the middle, narrower below, 24—26 x 8-10 ju,
3-septate-muriform, brown.

On partly decorticated and blackened limbs of willow, Pleasant
Valley, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

Teich. solitaria, (Ell.)

Cucurbitaria solitaris, EH. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 125.

Perithecia solitary, cylindric-ovate, rough, about | mm. diam. and
I mm. high, with a strongly papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical,
125-130x17-18 p.. Sporidia uniseriate (mostly), oblong-elliptical,
constricted in the middle, uniseptate and yellowish at first, soon be-
coming 3- or more-septate, dark brown and muriform, 25-33 x 12-13 /i.

On sage brush {Artemisia) Utah.

Teich. xerophila, Sacc. Syll. 3907.

Teichospora aridophila, Pk. Bot. Gaz. VII, p. 57.

Perithecia minute, 250-300 p. diam., scattered, hemispherical or
depressed, black, with a minute, papilliform ostiolum. Asci subcylin-
drical, 112-120 x 28-30 p. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong or
obovate, slightly constricted in the middle, muriform, colored, 28-35 x
12-15 p.

On bleached wood, Arizona.

Allied to T. obducens. (Name changed by Saccardo (Syll. II, p.
299) from aridophila to xerophila).

Teich. mammoides, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Pa., July,
1890, p. 242.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, gregarious, depressed-hemispheri-
cal, brownish-black, f mm. diam., with a prominent, nipple-like, black
ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical, subsessile, 100-110 x 12-15 p, with
abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate-oblong, 5-7-
septate, and muriform, scarcely constricted, yellow, becoming brown.
20-22x9-11//.

On dead stems of Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Montana (Anderson).

215

Teich. mycogena, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, immersed, except the partially erumpent
apex, which slightly raises the surface of the Diatrype stroma, rup-
turing it in a subradiate manner. Perithecia of medium size with an
indistinct ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical about 100x12 ju, abruptly
contracted below into a short stipe. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong,
with three distinct transverse septa, and a longitudinal septum across
one or more of the cells, yellowish, becoming dark brown, distinctly
constricted at the middle septum, and, when mature, 5-6-septate, 12-
15 x 6-8 fi. This might be mistaken for Lophiostoma Floridanum,
E. & E., but it has the perithecia more superficial and quite different
sporidia.

Parasitic on old Diatrype stigma, Newfield, N. J.

Teich. umbonata, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia gregarious, discoid, about \ mm. diam., seated on the
surface of the inner bark exposed by the falling away of the epidermis.
Ostiolum tuberculiform. Asci cylindrical, 75-80x7-8 ju, with par-
aphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate, 3-septate, constricted at the mid-
dle septum, straw-yellow, 12-15x6-8 ju. Most of the sporidia show
only the three transverse septa, but in some of • them, one or both the
inner cells are divided by a longitudinal septum. It is not improbable
that the sporidia may finally become brown and acquire additional
septa.

On dead branches of Symphoricarpus occidentalism Montana

(Kelsey).

Teich. megastega, E. & E. 1. c. p. 243.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, the base sunk in the wood or
bark with about two-thirds of the upper part projecting, hemispheric-
globose, f-1 mm. diam., rough, ostiolum inconspicuous, subpapilliform.
Asci cylindrical, 175-200x15 /*, with a short, stipe-like base and
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, about 7-septate and muri-
form, mostly constricted in the middle more or less distinctly, ends
rounded or obtusely pointed, 25-36x12-15 fi. Closely allied to
T. obducens, but perithecia less crowded, more depressed, larger and
rougher, and sporidia rather larger.

On bark and wood of old weather-beaten willow and maple limbs
( Acer glabrum), Montana (Kelsey).

216

Teich. Kansensis, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, minute, (120-175 /i), conic-hemispherical,
base slightly sunk in the bark. Ostiolum papilliform. Asci oblong
75-80 x 12 /i, sometimes shorter and broader (45-50 x 15 fi). Sporidia
biseriate, ovate-oblong, pale brown, 3-septate, finally 6-septate, and
slightly constricted across the middle, lower end subacute, about 20 x
8-9 p.. Teichospora pruniformis (Nyl.) which is also found on bark
of poplar and willow is much larger (£ mm. diam.)

On bark of cottonwood trees, Kansas. (Dr. Egeling).

Teich vetusta, (Ell.)

Sphcerta vetusta, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VI, p. 135.
Strtckeria vetusta, Cke. Syn. 3167.
Teichospora vetusta, Sacc. Syll. 3908.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, of medium size, elongated-coni-
cal, thin, not polished, dull-black, with a depressed-hemispherical, black
and shining ostiolum with a large opening. Asci broad cylindrical,
obtuse, abruptly narrowed at base, 125x25 ju. Sporidia uniseriate,
obtusely and broadly-elliptical, nearly colorless, uniseptate and more
or less constricted at the septum when young, at length brown and
fenestrate, 22-25 x 12-13 ji.

On a dead place in a living maple, Newfield, N. J.

Teich. papillosa, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Pa., July,
1890, p. 242.

Perithecia gregarious, subsuperficial, depressed-globose, J mm.
diam., strongly papillose-roughened, with a few short, weak, glandular
hairs when young, finally collapsing above. Ostiolum papilliform, not
conspicuous. Asci oblong, 75-85 x 20-24 /a, nearly sessile, paraphyses
evanescent. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, 8 in an ascus, oblong or
clavate-oblong, a little curved, obtuse at the ends. Mostly 5-septate,
with one or two of the cells divided by a longitudinal septum, hyaline,
becoming yellow-brown, 22-30x10-11 /i.

On weather-beaten, decorticated limbs of Salix, Helena, Montana
(Kelsey).

Teich. Helena, E. & E. 1. c. (Plate 23)

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. No. 2369.

Perithecia gregarious, semierumpent, \-\ mm. diam., granular-
roughened, collapsing above. Ostiolum minute. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical, 112-120x10-12 //, rather abruptly contracted below into a
short, stipe-like base, and surrounded with abundant paraphyses. Spo-
ridia uniseriate, ovate-oblong, brown, constricted in the middle, 5-7-

217

septate and with one or two of the intermediate cells divided by a
longitudinal septum, 15-25x8-12 p.. Quite often asci are seen in
which the sporidia are smaller, black and shriveled as if struck with
blight before maturity. Closely allied to T. patellarioides, Sacc, but
differs in its larger, globose-hemispherical perithecia without any fringe
of hyphae at the base, and in its 5-7-septate sporidia uniseriate in
narrower asci.

On decorticated weather-beaten limbs of Salix, Helena, Montana
(Kelsey), on wood of Pruivus Virginiana, Montana (Anderson).

Teich. pygmtea, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 63.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, depressed-globose,
black, 200-225 // diam., with a papilliform ostiolum, finally perforated.
Asci clavate, 70-80x15-18 /i, subsessile, 8-spored, indistinctly par-
aphysate. Sporidia irregularly biseriate, ovate-elliptical, mostly 3-sep-
tate (exceptionally 5-6-septate), with one or two cells divided by a
longitudinal septum, 15-20x6-8 fi, pale yellowish-brown. Seems
nearly allied to T. pruniformis, Nyl., but smaller in all its parts and
lacks the acute, conical ostiolum.

On bark of Cottonwood trees, Kansas (com. Dr. J. W. Eckfeldt).

Teich. taphrina, (Fr.)

Sphceria taphrina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 465.

Teichospora taphrina, Fckl. Smyb. Nachtr. I, p. 305.

Perithecia scattered, black, immersed, then emergent, subeom-
pressed-elliptical, obtuse, with a simple, perforated ostiolum. Asci
cylindrical, substipitate, 8-spored, 88 x 12 p (p. sp.). Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, ovate or oblong ovate, sometimes curved, ends obtuse,
generally irregularly 3-septate and muriform, slightly constricted at
the septa, brown, 14x7-10 /i. Paraphyses filiform, abundant.

Found on old wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Unfortunately, we can not find in the Schwcinitzian herbarium
any specimen of this species or of T. sendnuda, (Pers.).

Teich. vilis. (Fr.)

Sphceria vilis, Fr. S. M. II. p. 466.

Mdanomma vile, Fckl. Symb. p. 160.

Strickeria vilis, Winter, Die Pilze, 3204, Cke. Syn. 3168.

Perithecia almost microscopical, punctiform, much scattered.,
smooth, glabrous, opake, emerging from the bleached filters of the
wood, and then almost superficial. Ostiolum very minute, deciduous.

218

Sporidia oblong, obtuse at each end, 3-septate, constricted at the septa,
yellow, 12-15 x 4-5 |"/i.

Not rare around Bethlehem, Pa. (sec. Schw.).

Dr. Winter states that the sporidia have one or both the middle
cells divided by a longitudinal septum, and that the species can not,
therefore, belong in Melanomma.

Teich. disseminata. (B. & C.)

Sp/uzria disseminata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 142.
Teichospora disseminata, Sacc. Syll. 3884, Cke. Syn, 3500.

"Perithecia minute, scattered, semiimmersed, ovate when free,
attenuated above. Sporidia biseriate, shortly fusiform, triseptate, con-
stricted at the septa, sometimes divided vertically."

On bleached wood of Liquidambar and on oak posts, Carolina.

B. Perithecia collapsing, sporidia colored.
Teich. Kochii, Korb. Parerga lich. p. 400.

Cucurbitaria Rabenhorstii, Awd. in Rab. F. E. 758.
Teichospora Rabenhorstii, Sacc. Syll. 391 1.

Teichospora pezizoides, Sacc. & Speg. Mich. I, p. 350, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 300.
Exsicc. Sacc. M. Ven. 1270.— Ell. N. A. F. 112, partly, at least in some copies.

Perithecia scattered, superficial, or subgregarious, at first globose,
soon collapsing to concave or cup-shaped, 250-300 fx diam., minutely
rugulose, black. Ostiolum papilliform, minute. Texture of the peri-
thecia rather soft, parenchymatous, nearly black. Asci cylindrical,
attenuate-stipitate, rounded and thickened at the apex, 110-115 x 10 fi,
with filiform paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate,
oblong-elliptical, 18-24x6-7//, rather obtuse at the ends, 3-septate
and constricted at the septa, sparingly muriform, olivaceous, with the
extreme cells paler.

On outer bark of living Robinia, New Jersey.

Teich. muricata. E. & E. Bull. Wash. Coll. vol. I, p. 5.

Perithecia superficial, hemispherical, \-{ mm. diam., scattered, or
subgregarious, olivaceous when fresh, dull black and collapsing above
when dry, muricately roughened, and often obscurely radiate-sulcate
around the prominent and very slightly compressed ostiolum. Asci
125 x 15 fi, very evanescent, with abundant; stout, granular paraphyses
2|-3 fi thick. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, 18-25x10-11 //, 3-septate.
and at length muriform and brown.

On bark of some tree, San Diego, Cal. (Orcutt).

Differs from T. Kochii in its rougher and larger perithecia loss

219

deeply collapsing above, and its rather larger asci and sporidia. When
the peritheeia fall away, or, on removing them with the point of a
knife, a pale reddish spot is left on the bark where they stood.

C. Peritheeia not collapsing ; sporidia hyaline, (Teichoxporella).

Teich. inflata, (Ell,)

Spkaria inflata, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 135,
Zignoella inflata, Sacc. Syll. 3633.
Exsicc. KH. N. A. F. No. 98.

Peritheeia scattered, carbonaceo-coriaceous, erumpeiit, subglobose,
200-300 p. diam., clothed, especially below, with coarse, strigose-
spreading, grayish-brown hairs, finally collapsing above. Ostiolum
papilliform, finally irregularly perforated. Asci at first oblong, finally
obovate, 70-80x25-^30 p, nearly sessile, paraphysate. Sporidia S in
an ascus, irregularly arranged, elliptical, obtuse, 3-septate with a longi-
tudinal septum running through one or more of the cells, hyaline,
20-25 x 10 /£.

On wood of oak railroad ties, Newfield, N. J.

The sporidia at first are simply 3-septate, but when mature they
are as described above. In the original description this fact and the
presence of the strigose hairs was overlooked. This differs from
Phamphoria in the absence of any beak on the peritheeia,

Teich. phellogena, (B, & €.)

Sphczria phellogena, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 144.
Teichospora pliellogena, Sacc. Syll. 3921, Cke. Syn. 3521.

" Peritheeia half immersed, subglobose, with an obtuse, papillifomi
ostiolum. Sporidia biseriate, shortly fusiform, fenestrate, 30-34 p
long, nearly hyaline.'1

On corky bark of oak, Carolina ?

D. Peritheeia bristly, (Pleosphteria).
Teich. modesta, (Hark.)

Pleosphxeria modesta, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad., 1884, p. 46.

Peritheeia superficial, orbicular, black, 135 p. diam., with stout,
black spines 40-50 p long, Asci 8-spored, ovate or broadly fusiform,
45-50 x 15-20 p. Paraphyses none. Sporidia elliptical, 3-4-septate,
with two longitudinal septa, pale olive-brown, 10 x 6 p.

On decorticated rotting branches of Eucalyptus, California.

Teich, chlorospora, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Peritheeia superficial, scattered, submembranaceous, minute ( 150-
200// diam.), clothed with spreading, black bristles 50-80 p long.

220

Asci obovate, 65-75x15-20 ft (p. sp. 40-50 x 15-20 p), without pai
aphyses. Sporidia crowded, elliptical, 16-20x8-10 p., about 5-sej
tatc with a more or less perfect longitudinal septum, greenish
olivaceous brown.

On decorticated oak limbs lying on the ground, and on the bark
from which the epidermis had fallen off, Newfield, N. J., May, 1890.

Teich. microloncha, (B. & C.)

Spharia microloncha, B. & C. Grev. IV. p. 144.
Pleosphccria microloncha , Sacc. Syll. 3926.

Perithecia scattered, superficial, ovate, with a short neck, sprin-
kled with short setse. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, with about
four horizontal septa and a few oblique or vertical ones.

On the inside of bark of Liriodendr on, South Carolina.

The following species, reported by Sehweinitz as having been
found in this country, have not been met with here since his time.

Sphceria notha, Fr. S. M. II, p. 458. (Sphceria abnor?nis7 Schw.
Syn. Car. 23-5). — Crowded, broadly effused, black. Perithecia cylin-
drical, very small, shining, with a large pezizoid ostiolum.

On fallen wood, Carolina.

Sphmria nigro-brtmnea, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1563.— Perithecia
scattered, dark brown, on dark brown spots, ovate, rugose, attenuated
into an indistinct ostiolum, some very large mixed with smaller ones,
at length often collapsing. At first partly covered by the fibers of
the wood, but finally bare.

On decorticated posts of Itobinia, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria Hydrangcce, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1562. — Perithecia
scattered, seated on the epidermis, depressed-globose, black, at length
collapsing, with a persistent, papilliform ostiolum. On the same limbs
are found other perithecia, apparently not specifically distinct, but
erumpent from the inner bark, with ostiola one-third as large as the
perithecia themselves, the flattened orifice piercing the epidermis, but
otherwise entirely covered.

Rare, on dead limbs of Hydrangea, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

Sphceria aggregata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1561. — Perithecia twice
as large as in Sphceria transversalis, densely crowded, but not con-
fluent, flattened-globose, rather smooth, brown-black, generally ash-
color around the short-cylindrical or conical, deciduous ostiolum.

On very rotten wood, in extensive patches. Rare. Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria inconstans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1564. — Larger than

221

Sph. nigro-brunnea and Sph. Hydrangew, bursting out in crowded
patches through the fibers of the inner bark, very variable in shape, at
length confluent. Perithecia globose or cylindrical, sometimes ventri-
cose above, black, rugose. Ostiola more or less prominent, cylindrical,
umbilicate. When young covered by the epidermis, and then, only
the ostiola are visible ; at length bare and often broken away, leaving
only the pezizoid base.

Under the epidermis of Rhododendron maximum, Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schw.)

This and the preceding species were mentioned on p. 163. We
give here a translation of the diagnoses published by Schweinitz, but
it is impossible to tell whether they belong here or in the Fam. Trich-
osphceriem.

FAMILY. LOPHIOSTOMEJL

Stroma none. Perithecia generally more or less buried at first,
sometimes with only the ostiolum projecting, finally more or less emer-
gent or even superficial, carbonaceous or subcoriaceous. Ostiolum
laterally compressed, obtuse, sometimes forming an elevated ridge
across the top of the perithecium and opening by an elongated slit
instead of a round pore as in the other families of the Sphceriacem.

In this family the number of septa in the sporidia, at different
stages of their growth, is unusually variable ; the color also runs from
hyaline, through various shades of brown, so that these two characters,
unaccompanied as they are, by any distinctive vegetative peculiarities,
do not seem to be of generic value ; we have therefore followed Winter
& Cooke, in reducing Lophiosphcera and Lophiotrema to mere sub-
genera.

LOPHIOSTOMA. Ces & I)e Not.

Schema di Class. Sferiacei, p. 45.

Perithecia and ostiola as noted in the characters of the Family.
Asci paraphysate. Sporidia oblong or subfusoid, 1-multiseptate, hya-
line or brown.

A. Sporidia 5-9-septate, brown.

L. macrostomum, (Tode).

Sphczria macrostoma, Tode, Fungi Meckl. II, p. 12.
Lophiostoma macrostomum, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 45.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 923.— Rab. F. E. 2040.

Perithecia scattered, at first buried, at length more or less emerg-
ent, or even nearly superficial, sphaeroid, about f mm. diam., with a

222

broad, elliptical ostiolum, which is finally cleft with an elongated open-
ing. Asci clavate, short-stipitate, 90-110 x 15-18 //, 8-spored, paraph-
ysate. Sporidia subbiseriate, broad-fusoid, brown, narrowed towards
each end, sometimes curved, 5-9-septate, 40-55 x9-12 p.

On bark of dead oak, N. J., New York (Peck), Carolina and
Pennsylvania (Schw.)

L. turrltum, C. & P. Peck's 29th Rep. p. 64.— Grev. tab. 68. fig.2.

Perithecia subgregarious, emergent, prominent, subglobose, black,
with broad, compressed, truncate necks and elongated ostiola. Asci
cylindrical or clavate. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, 5-septate, brown,
20-23 fi long.

On dead branches of Salix, New York.

L. excipuliforme, (Fr.)

Spkczria excipuliforme, Fr. S. M. II, p. 469.
Lophiostoma excipuliforme, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 45,
ICxsicc. Rehin. Asc. 238.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, partly sunk in the matrix or
nearly superficial, spherical, black, about 1 mm. diam., with a slightly
compressed, prominent ostiolum obtuse and enlarged above. Asci
cylindrical, short stipitate, 8-spored, 280-300 x 20-26 tu, with filiform
paraphyses. Sporidia subbiseriate or uniseriate, oblong, 6-9-septate?
not constricted, brown, with the end cells subhyaline, 44- -66 x 15-18 //,
(Winter). The specimens in Rehm's Asc. 238, have asci (p. sp.) about
1 50 x 1 2 /£, sporidia 30-50 x 8-10 p.

Var. Abietis, E. & E., Journ. MycoL IV, p. 64, on bark of Abies,
Cazenovia, New York (Underwood & Cook), differs from the usual
type, on bark of deciduous trees, in its larger (60-75 x 12-16 /i) spo-
ridia and its rather narrower ostiolum.

We have seen no American specimens of the normal form, on
bark of deciduous trees.

L. macrosporum, Speg. Mich. I, p. 466, F. Ital. tab. 607.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, sphaeroid, 1 mm. diam., globose,
dull black. Ostiolum compressed, extending J-| way across the ver-
tex of the perithecium. Asci broad clavate-cylindrical, 225-300x40-
50 ^ with a short stipe and abundant, conglutinated paraphyses.
Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong, slightly curved, obtuse, 7-9-sep-
tate and often slightly constricted in the middle, brown, the cells filled
with large nuclei, so as to appear muriform, though not really so,
80-100x20-25/;.

223

On outer bark of white oak. Xewfield, N. .).

We have referred this to L. macrosporum,Speg., though we have
not seen any appendages on the sporidia or any hyaline envelope, but
as the specimens are mature, these may have disappeared.

L erosum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 44.

Peritheeia buried in the substance of the wood, globose, |-| mm.
diam. ( )stiola erumpent, narrow, only slightly prominent. Asei cla-
vate-cylindrical, 90-100x12-15 /i, with abundant filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia subbiseriate above, oblong-fusoid or subnavicular, about
5-septate, hyaline at first, then yellowish and finally nearly opake,
mostly 20-25 x 7-8 //, with a shriveled appearance. The peritheeia
are greedily eaten out by a small beetle. Allied to L. scelestum,
C. & E., but with smaller sporidia. Differs from L. macrostomoides,
De Not, in its immersed and smaller peritheeia, and its somewhat
smaller sporidia.

On decaying wood of Salix, Vineland, N. J., Canada (I)earness).

L. congregatum, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad., Feb., 1884, p. 47.

Peritheeia seiniimmersed, black, broad (f-1 mm.). Ostiolum
prominent, extending |-§ way across the perithecium. Asci clavate.
8-spored, 70x12 //. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, widest above the
middle, curved, 6-8-septate, constricted, yellow-brown, cells minutely
binucleate, end cells paler, 30 x 9 //.

On decorticated branches of Sambucus race?nosa, Sierra Nevada
Mts., Cala.

L. scelestum, C. & E.

Lophiostoma microstomnm, C. & E. Grev. IV. p. 179 (non Niessl).
Sphceria pachyascus, G. & E. Grev. IV, p. 179, tab. 68, fig. 1.
Lophiostoma scelestum, C. & E. (Cke. in Uteris), Sacc. Syll. 5479.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. No. 96.

Peritheeia scattered, immersed, coriaceous, globose or elliptical,
\-\ mm. diam. Ostiolum alone erumpent, small, narrow and com-
pressed. Asci clavate-cylindrical, paraphysate, 100-120x15 //. Spo-
ridia obliquely biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 5-7-septate, brown, 25-45 x
8-10// (40-50x10//, Cke.)

On decorticated, weather-beaten oak, maple, Viburnum and pear,
Newfield, N. J., on decaying wood of pear tree, Helderberg MtSw,
N. Y. (Peck).

The sporidia are mostly 25-35 /i long and about 8 a wide, more
or less constricted, especially at the middle septum.

224

L. prominens, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 50.

Perithecia very prominent, hemispherical, adnate at the base,
180-200 fi broad, smooth, black. Ostiola distinct, compressed, black
and shining. Asci subclavate. Sporidia biseriatc, oblong or sub-
fusiform, straight or slightly curved, colored, 5-septate, 20-25 // long.

On dead twigs of Cephalanthus occidentalism New York.

L. caiilium, (Fr.)

Sphceria caulium, Fr. S. M. II, p. 509.
Lophiostoma caulium, De Not, Sfer. Ital. p. 68, tab. 70,
Kxsicc. Rehm Ascom. 181, 484, 749.— Sydow M. March. 257, 985.

Perithecia scattered, immersed, black, minute, (generally on stems
from which the epidermis has fallen away), spherical or subelliptical.
with a slightly prominent, bare, ellipsoid or linear ostiolum. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. 70-80x10-12 p, 8-spored, with abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, uniseptate, acute and
yellowish, finally 5-7-septate and darker, with the ends more obtuse,
20-30 x 5-8 p (mostly 20-22 x 5-6 //), straight or slightly curved, and
without appendages.

On dead herbaceous stems, Louisiana and Pennsylvania, probably
common throughout.

Distinguished from L. insidiosum by the absence of appendages
on the sporidia, but certainly very closely allied to that species.

L pileatum, (Tode.)

Sptuzria pileata, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 13. fig. 78.
Lophiostoma pileatum, Sacc. Syll. 5493, Cke. Syn. 3681.

Perithecia scattered, emergent, subglobose, black, with a flat,
obconical ostiolum Sporidia oblong, attenuated at each end, 7-septate.
dark brown, 46-50 x 10-12 p (Sacc. i. c.)

Found in Carolina and Pennsylvania (sec. Schw.)

B. Sporidia 3-5-septate, brown,
L. triseptatum, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 76.

Sphceria surrecta, Cke. Grev. V, p. 94.

Perithecia scattered, globose, | mm. diani., about § sunk in the
wood, with the upper third projecting. Ostiolum narrow, compressed.
Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, rarely crowded, oblong-elliptical,
triseptate, colored, 15-18 p. long, constricted at the septa.

On decaying wood, Buffalo, N. Y. (Clinton), Lyndonville, N. Y.
(Fairman, 184), Canada (Dearness).

225

Differs from L. quadrinucleatum, Karst, in its smaller sporidia
constricted at the septa.

Var. pluriseptatum, E. & E., on decorticated maple limbs, Lyn-
donville, N. Y. (Fairman, 134) has asci (p. sp.) 70-75x10-12 p
Sporidia irregularly biseriate or oblique, oblong or clavate-oblong,
3-septate and constricted at the septa, obtuse, brown, 1 5-20 x 5-6 //.
In well developed specimens, one or both the terminal cells are again
divided by a septum, making the sporidia 3-5-septate.

The spec, of Sphceria surrecta. Cke., on poplar board in our
Herb, is certainly the same as L. triseptatum, Pk., sec. specc. from
Peck. The ostiola are narrow and at first often not at all compressed.
The sporidia are a little larger, 15-20x7-8 p. (25x8 ft, Cke.), often
a little narrower below, clavate-oblong, sometimes constricted at all
the septa (torulose), but more distinctly so at the middle septum.
L. triseptatum, Pk., should probably be referred to L. quadrinucle-
atum, Karst, as a small-spored var.

L. Primi, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 64. and Trans. Roch. Acad.
Sci. I, p. 49. (Plate 25)

Perithecia gregarious, sunk in the wood, J-J mm. diam. Ostiola
erumpent through the bark and strongly compressed. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 80-91 x 8-9 p, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uni-
seriate, mostly 4 in an ascus, oblong, rounded at the ends, brown,
3-septate and constricted at the septa, a little narrower at the lower
one, 1 8-22 x 6-8 p. This can hardly be L. acervatum, Karst , which
has the perithecia erumpent in small clusters (casspites minutes) and
sporidia scarcely constricted.

On Prunvs serotina, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

L. rhizophilum. (B. & C.)

Sphczria rhizophila, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 143.
Lophiostoma rhizophilum, Sacc. Syll. 5465.

"Perithecia scattered, ovate. Ostiolum short, transverse, linear.
Asci clavate. Sporidia shortly fusiform, curved, pointed, 15 p long,
triseptate, at length brown.''

On exposed roots, Pennsylvania (Michener).

L. pseudomacrostomum, Sacc. Mich. I. 339. — Berlese Icon. tab. 7.
fig. 1.— id. F. Moricoli, fasc. II, No. 6.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 1629.

Perithecia gregarious, subimmersed, globose, black, f mm. diam.
Ostiolum compressed, emergent, rather bread. Asci cylindric-clavate,
29

226

briefly stipitate, 110-115x14 /jt, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate or obliquely uniseriate, fusoid, 28-30 x 8-10 /jl, straight or
slightly curved, 5-septate, 6-nucleate, deep brown, occasionally one
cell divided by a longitudinal septum.

On dead branches of Lonicera Tatarica, Lyndonville, N. Y.
(Fairman 179), and on loose hanging bark of grape vines, Newfield,
N. J. (issued in N. A. F. 1695 as L. sexnucleatum, Cke.)

The specimens from both these localities have the perithecia
smaller than in the type and correspond to L. vagans, H. Fabr., which
can hardly be more than a var. of L. pseudomacrostomum,.

L. ThiijsB, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, buried, except the erumpent, rounded apex,
with the narrow, compressed ostiolum extending § to | way across.
Asci clavate-oblong, 50-70x12-15 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
fusoid, 3-septate. slightly curved, obtuse, yellowish-brown, 14-16 x 3-
4/,.

On foliage of Thuja occidentalis partly dead but not yet fallen,
Potsdam, N. Y. and London, Canada.

L. triseptatum, Pk. seems to differ in its linear asci and obtuse
sporidia.

L. magnatum, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 64.

Perithecia subgregarious, semiimmersed, globose, rather large,
somewhat thin and fragile, pitchy-black. Ostiola short, compressed.
Asci cylindrical or clavate. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, constricted
in the middle, 3-5-septate, 50-60 /jl long.

On decaying wood, New York (Peck). Resembles L. macrosto-
mum in habit.

L. Langloisii, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia gregarious, subcorneal, f mm. diam., about half buried
in the bark, the projecting part dull black, roughish, with a. narrow,
more or less compressed, prominent ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical,
110-120 x 12-15 (iy with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia mostly
biseriate, fusoicl, 3-septate and slightly constricted at the septa, brown,
slightly curved, each cell with a large nucleus, 34-40 x 7-8 /i.

On bark of decaying Salix, Louisiana (Langlois).

L. stenostomum, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 89.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1345.

Perithecia scattered, globose, 350 // diam., covered by the fibers

227

of the bark which is pierced by the narrow, slightly compressed ostio-
lum. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-90 x 6-7 it, with abundant filiform
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, slightly curved, yellowish,
nucleate and uniseptate at first, becoming 3-septate and more or less
constricted at the septa, 18-22 x 3-3 1 tt. Accompanied by a Phoma
with small subglobose sporules in perithecia scarcely different from the
ascigerous perithecia, except in wanting the prominent ostiolum.

On the inner surface of loose hanging bark of grape vines, New-
field, N. J. The perithecia are more deeply buried than in L. trisep-
tatum, Pk.

L. Ariindinis, (Fr.)

Sph&ria Arundinis, Fr, S. M. II, p. 510.
Lophiostcma Arundinis, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 46.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 641.— Rehm. Ascom. 692.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, sometimes confluent, at first
immersed, finally more or less erumpent, but seldom superficial, spher-
ical, black, solid, subrugose, with a rather small, thick, obtuse or some-
times subacute ostiolum with an elongated opening. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, substipitate, 100-130 x 12-15 /x. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
mostly curved, 3-5-septate, and slightly constricted at the septa, brown,
30-37 x 6 /x.

On reeds and grasses, South Carolina (Cke. Hndbk. p. 852).
In the following species the fructification is unknovm.

L. Thapsi, (Schw.)

Sphceria Thapsi, Schw. Syri. N. Am. 1607.
Lophiostoma Thapsi, Cke. Syn. 3714.

Perithecia globose-conical, not smooth, flattened at the base and
innate or subimmersed, scattered on black spots, on parts of the stem
from which the woolly covering has fallen off, at first only the ostiolum
erumpent, finally also the perithecium itself. Ostiolum thick, conical,
compressed, less than half as high as the breadth of the perithecium,
at length dehiscent.

Common on decaying mullein stalks around Bethlehem, Pa,

L. variabile, (Schw.)

Spharia variabilis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1608.
Lophiostoma variabile, Cke. Syn. 3715. •

Perithecia elliptical, flattened, rugulose, generally seated on a
black spot caused by the contents of the perithecia oozing out, almost
always covered by the fibers of the stem, which are raised in a pustuli-
form manner over it, only the compressed, very variable ostiolum,

228

which is confluent with the perithecinm, being visible. Similar to
L. Thapsi.

On dead stalks of Pastinaca, &c, Bethlehem, Pa.

L. abbreviatum, (Schw.)

Sphceria abbreviata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1606.
Lophiostoma abbreviatum, Cke. Syn. 3716.

Perithecia subaggregated, erumpent among the fibers of the wood
by which they are covered, except the dilated-cylindrical, very black;
central, subelongated ostiolum, globose-conical, somewhat shining, but
not glabrous, finally becoming ash-color or brown.

On oak branches, Bethlehem, Pa.

L. subrugosum, (Schw.)

Sphceria subrugosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1609.
Lophiostoma subrugosum, Cke. Syn. 3712.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, subimmersed, finally erumpent,
spherical or elongated, crowned by a laterally elongated ostiolum
reaching half way across the apex of the perithecium and opening like
a Hysterium. Perithecia with a light colored nucleus, at length
empty and black, outside minutely rugose-punctate.

Rarely met with on decaying wood of Catalpa, Bethlehem, Pa.

L. hysterioides, (Schw.)

Sphceria hysterioides, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1610.
Lophiostoma hysterioides, Sacc. Syll. 5523.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious and aggregated, hemispherical
or elliptical, or conic-globose, prominent, very black and glabrous,
truncate and subcarnose above. Ostiolum forming an elongated crack
across the truncate apex. The most distinct of the whole lot.

Bursting out from the bark and wood of Kalmia, Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schw.).

C. Sporidia hyaline, two- or more-septate (Lophiotrema).
L. parasiticum, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 71.

Perithecia crowded, subsuperficial, 350-500 /j. diam., clothed with
minute, subcervine, pulverulent tomentum, becoming blackish-brown
with age, the ostiola prominent, subterete or compressed, clothed like
the perithecia. Asci subclavate, 120-150 x 15-18 (i. Sporidia crowd-
ed, at first biconical, then triseptate, constricted in the middle, hyaline,
30-40 x 7-8 fjL

On old Hypoxylon Morsel, New York.

229

L. vagabiindum, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 447. — id. II, p. 72. — F. Ital.
tab. 246.

L. radicans, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 44.
Lophiotrema vagabundum, Sacc. Syll. 5435.
Exsicc. M. March, 747.

Perithecia scattered, small (160-170 fi), buried in the wood,
except the narrow, compressed, erumpent ostiolum. Asci subcylin-
drical, 90-100x10-12 /j. (spore-bearing part 75-80 p. long), sur-
rounded and overtopped by abundant, thread-like, paraphyses. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusiform, 3-septate, hyaline, slightly curved and mostly
constricted at the middle septum, 15-20 x4-5 p.

On decorticated, decaying stems of Rhus radicans, Newfield, N. J.

Var. stenocarpum, E. & E., on decorticated oak limb, Newfield,
N. J., has sporidia about 20 x 3 p. Var. Aster-is, on dead stems of
Aster, Louisiana (Langlois 1440) has sporidia 25-30 x 5-6 //, unisep-
tate, becoming tardily 3-septate.

L. vestitum, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 71.

Perithecia closely gregarious, small (350-500 //), sunk in the
wood, erumpent, conical, clothed with a slight, tawny-ferruginous,
pulverulent tomentum. Ostiola naked, black, subterete or compressed.
Asci clavate, 150-190 x 15-18 ii. Sporidia crowded, subfusiform, at
first biconical and uniseptate, then triseptate, or quadrinucleate, con-
stricted in the middle, hyaline, 30-40 x 7.J— 10 li.

On decorticated wood of Popidus tremuloides, New York (Peck).

L. hysterioides, Ell. & Langlois. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 76 (not Schw).

Lophiotrema hysterioides, Berlese Icones. Fasc. I, p. 4, tab. Ill, fig. 4.

Perithecia gregarious, subglobose with their bases slightly sunk
in the wood, mostly a little less than \ mm. diam., ostiolum forming a
narrow ridge entirely across the perithecia, and thus giving them the
appearance of a Hysterium. Asci cylindrical, 60-70 x 5-Q p., with
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, nearly straight,
3-septate, smoky-hyaline, 14-16 x3 //, the next to the upper cell
swollen.

On rotten oak stumps, St. Martinsville, La.

L. seqiiivocum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 118.

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent-superficial, black, nearly smooth,
depressed-conical or subglobose, about \ mm. diam. Ostiolum sub-
corneal, slightly compressed. Asci subcylindrical, about 80 x 5 li,

230

narrowed below into a short, stipitate base. Paraphyses filiform.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-fusoid, subobtuse, yellowish-hyaline, three-
septate and constricted at the middle septum, sometimes also at the
other two, 12-14 x3-3| p.. The ostiolum varies considerably, being
sometimes distinctly compressed, sometimes regularly conical, and
occasionally, imperfectly radiately three-cleft.

Differs from L. prwmorsum in' its smaller perithecia and sporidia,
and from L. hysterioides, E. & E., in its very different ostiolum.

L. angustilabrum, (B. & Br.)

taf. XI, fig. 27.

Sphceria angustilabra, B. & Br. Not. of Brit. Fungi, No.
Lophiostoma angustilabrum , Cke. Hndbk. p. 850.
Lophiotrema angustilabrum, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 338.
Exsicc. Vize Micr. Fungi, 280.

Perithecia semiimmersed, rugulose, sometimes elongated. Osti-
olum compressed, narrow. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform,
curved, uniseptate and constricted, 4-6-nucleate, (becoming 3-septate) ?
40-43 }i long, with a short, hyaline appendage at each end.

On a decorticated stick, New York State (Peck).

Sporidia in Vize Exsiccati, 25-30 x 5 /i, in Plowright's F. Brit.
II, 49, 28-32 x 7 /^.

This is placed by Berlese as a synonym of L. prmmorsum,
(Lasch), but on account of the longer, appendiculate sporidia, it seems
properly distinct.

L. sexnucleatum, Cke. Hndbk. 2543.

Lophiotrema sexnucleatum, Sacc. Syll. 5432.

Perithecia scattered, elongated, black, slightly rugose, at 'first
immersed, then emergent. Ostiola compressed. Sporidia biseriate,
fusiform, hyaline, slightly curved, 5-septate, constricted in the middle,
and but little at the other septa, 35 /i long, each cell with a single
nucleus.

The typical form, on dead stems of Urtica, does not appear to
have been found in this country. Var. Peckiana, Sacc. Syll. II,
p. 583 (Lophiostoma sexnucleatum, Cke, in Peck's 27th Rep. p. 110),
has the perithecia subgregarious, and sporidia smaller (23-30 p. long).

On peduncles of grape vines, North Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck).
D. Spor. uniseptate, hyaline, mostly appendiculate (Lophiosphoera).

L. pulveraceum, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 336.— F. Ital. 225.— Berl.
Icones. Fasc. I, tab. II, fig. 8.

L. conchoides, E. & F. (in Herb.)
Lophiosphczra pulveracea, Sacc. Syll. 5414.

231

Perithecia gregarious, immersed or semiimmersed in the wood,
subglobose, small (200-250 p). Ostiolum compressed, truncate, emer-
gent. Asci clavate, short-stipitate, 70-75 x 7 ju (80 x 10-12 //, Sacc),
obtuse and with abundant paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate,
biconic-fusoid, 12-18x4-5 p. (18-20x4£-5 fi, Sacc), nearly straight,
uniseptate and constricted, hyaline, with a very short, hyaline, append-
age at each end.

On rotten wood, Louisiana (Langlois, 1770).

The appendages are very faint and easily overlooked.

L. heterostomum, E. & E. Journ. My col. II, p. 99.

Lophiosphcera helerostoma, Berlese Icones Fasc. I, tab. Ill, fig. 2.

Perithecia erumpent, scattered or subgregarious, J-f mm. diam.,
depressed-spherical, the lower half sunk in the wood, the upper half
emerging: Ostiolum large, compressed, extending at first nearly or
quite across the perithecium, at length deciduous, leaving the peri-
thecium pierced above with a small, round opening. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, rounded above and contracted below into a slender, stipe-
like base, 70-80 x 6-7 /i, surrounded with abundant, rather stout
paraphyses and containing eight fusoid, uniseptate, hyaline, slightly
curved, appendiculate sporidia, 18-20 x4|-5 ju, 3-4-nucleate at first,
but the nuclei and stout, 8-10 ju long, hyaline appendages at length
disappear, and the sporidia become constricted in the middle with the
ends rounded (fusoid-oblong), often with a distinct yellow-brown shade.
The wood just below the surface assumes a uniform purplish-red color.
This might, perhaps, be considered a var. of Lophiostoma pulver-
aceum, Sacc, but differs in the stained matrix, larger perithecia and
deciduous ostiola.

On an oak barrel-bottom, Louisiana, and on decorticated wood in
Northern New Jersey.

L. Floridanuni. E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 40.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, hemispherical, black and
rough, about \ mm. diam. Ostiolum linear, extending quite across
the apex of the perithecium, but scarcely prominent. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 80 x 8 ju, with an elongated, slender base and surrounded
with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform,
slightly curved, olivaceous, 4-nucleate, uniseptate, constricted at the
septum, just above which they arc slightly swollen, 18-20 x4-4J p.
The matrix is overrun with a hyphomycetous growth, which also

232

embraces the base of the perithecia, but we cannot sa)r whether this is
accidental.

Parasitic on old Diatrype stigma, Florida (Calkins).

This seems to be a distinct species, but, unfortunately, the speci-
mens are very meager.

L. meridionale, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 76.

Perithecia scattered, minute (J- J mm.), compressed, buried in the
wood, the projecting, flattened, black ostiolum alone being visible.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-90 x 8-9 fi, with abundant paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, hyaline, slightly curved, uniseptate and
slightly constricted, 30-35 x4-5 fi, appendiculate at each end.

On rotten wood, Louisiana-.

This differs from L. angustilabrnm, B. & Br. in its smaller,
buried perithecia. In the specimens of L. angustilabrum, issued by
Vize, the perithecia are §-{ mm. diam., and nearly superficial. In the
original description in Journ. Mycol., the appendages on the sporidii
were overlooked. They are conical, hyaline and about 3 fx long

E. Sporidia appendiculate, 3-7 -septate.

L. insjdiosum, (Desm.)

Sphczria insidiosa, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 144.
Lophiostoma tmtdwsum, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 46.
L. cauhum, Fckl. Symb. p. 156.

Lophiotretna appendiculatum, Nies?l. (MS.) i

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 927,— Kze. F. Sel. 98.— Rab. F. E. 1871.— Rehm. Ascom. 88, Mycoth-
March, 851, 1354.— EH. N. A. F. 8S7, (in part).

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, immersed, at first with only the
small, obtuse ostiolum projecting, finally suberumpent, 400-500 \
diam. Asci clavate, contracted below into a stipe-like base, 8-sporedf
70-90 x 10-14 fx, with abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseri-
ate, oblong-fusiform, slightly curved, 5-7-septate, often slightly confc
stricted at some of the middle septa, yellow-brown, with a short, sub-
conical (about 4 fi long), hyaline appendage at each end, 20-22x4-1

5i/,.

r

On dead herbaceous stems, of Oenothera, Trifolium, &c. not un
common.

L. Spirsese, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 76.

L. crenatum, Pers. var. SpircecE, Schw. Syn. N. Am.
Lophiotretna SpircecE, Sacc. Syll. 5443.

1599-

Perithecia scattered, sunk to the wood, \-\ mm. diam., closely
covered by the bark which is pierced by the compressed ostiola. Asci*.

*

233

100-120 x 12-15 /i (p. sp. 75-80 //), paraph ysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
crowded-biseriate, elongated-fusoid, attenuate-acuminate at each end,
straight or somewhat curved, yellowish-hyaline, at first 3-4-septate,
finally about 7-septate, scarcely constricted in the middle, 35-55 x 6-8 /x.
On Spirma opulifolia, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz), New York
State (Peck & Fairman).

L. aiictuni, Sacc. M. Ven. Spec. p. 110, tab. XI, figs. 5-10, F. Ital.
tab. 250.

Perithecia scattered, semiimmersed, sphaeroid, J-J mm. diam.,
rith a narrow, compressed ostiolum. Asci clavate, stipitate, 90-100
16 ju, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, somewhat
[urved, 40 x 8 //, 4- 7-septate, deeply constricted at the septa, cells
Lucleate, yellowish, with a linear, obtuse, hyaline appendage at each
md, especially when young.

On dead stems of wild rose, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

The New York specc. differ from the above diagnosis (from Sacc.
lyll.), in having the asci and sporidia smaller; asci 75-90 x 12-15 fi ;
sporidia 25-35 x 6-7 //, 5-7 -septate, only slightly constricted and ob-
scurely appendiculate,

L. bicuspidatum, Cke. Handbook, p. 848.

Perithecia scattered, black, immersed, elevating and pushing
through the matrix with their narrow, elongated ostiola, Asci clavate.
Sporidia biseriate, 5-septate, with occasional longitudinal septa, con-
stricted, brown, each end at first furnished with a hyaline beak bent
it both ends in the same direction, so as to give a curved appearance
to the sporidia.

On decorticated twigs.

The above description is from Cooke's Handbook. Peck reports
[the species as found in New York.

L. prsemorsum, (Lasch.)

Sphceria prcemorsa, I,asch. in Klotzsch-Rabh., Herb. Mycol. 1249.
Sphcsria Jerdoni, B. & Br. Not. Brit. Fungi, No. 975.
Lophiostoma prcsmorsum , Fckl. Symb. p. 157.
Lophiotrema prcemorsum, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 338.
Lophiostoma Scrophularice, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 76.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 928.— Rabh. F. E. 1239.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first entirely buried, or

with only the obtuse, linear ostiolum projecting, finally more or less

erumpent and even superficial, black, about | mm. diam. Asci elom

gated-clavate, contracted bejow into a stipe-like base, 8-spored, par*

30

234

aphysate, 80-105x10-12 /i. Sporiclia biseriate, fusiform, slightly
curved, hyaline, 22-30x4-6 /i, sometimes with a short, hyaline
appendage at each end.

On dead herbaceous stems, Louisiana (Langlois, 1437).

The sporidia are for some time only 1 -septate, but finally become
3-5-septate and yellowish hyaline. The figs. 7-9, tab. Ill, Berlese
Icones, represent the sporidia very accurately.

Of the two Nos. in Sydow's Mycotheca Marchica issued as L,
jwcemorsum, 25 7is a Diplodia and 985 a brown-spored Lophiostomi
(at least in our copy).

LOPHIDIUM, Sacc.

Michelia I, p. 40.

Perithecia as in Lophiostoma. Sporidia ovate or oblong, brown,

muriform.

L. diitiinuens, (Pers.)

Sphceria diminuens, Pers. Syn. p. 57 ? Fr. S. M. II, 471.
Lophiostoma diminuens, De Not. Schema, p. 229.
iMphidium dimtnuens, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 220.

Perithecia scattered, prominent, rounded, subdepressed, black.
Ostiolum narrow, compressed, small, sometimes subconical. Sporidn
elongated-oblong, 6-7-septate, with one or more cells divided by
longitudinal septum.

On branches of Crataegus, Cornus, &c, (Europe), Carolina anc
Pennsylvania (Schweinitz).

There is no black spot. The perithecia on decorticated branches
are bare : on limbs with the bark on, emergent, unequal, soon empty,
and the ostiolum broken, truncate, sometimes conical.

L. compression, (Pers.)

Sphceria compressa, Pers. Syn. p. 56.
Sphceria angustata, Pers. Syn. p. 55.
Lophiostoma compressum, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 45.
Lophiostoma angustatum, Fckl. Symb. p. 158.
Lophidium compressum, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 340.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 924, 925.— Kze. F. Sel. 341.— Rehm Ascom. 182.
1548.

-Thum. M. U. 1457,

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, mostly immersed except the
long, thin, toothed or entire-margined ostiolum, sometimes finally
erumpent, spherical or somewhat compressed and elliptical. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored, 110-130x16-19 p. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate or partly biseriate, oblong or clavate-oblong,
straight or slightly curved, 5-septate, with one or two cells divided by

235

a longitudinal septum, constricted at the septa, of a fine golden yellow-
brown color, 18-32 x 8-10 a. Paraphyses numerous and slender.

On wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schweinitz), New York
(Peck), Canada (Dearness).

Specimens on dead stems of Spircea from New York State, have
asci (p. sp.) 75-80x12//, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia ob-
liquely uniseriate, ovate-elliptical, yellow-brown. 3-septate and con-
stricted in the middle, finally darker and mostly 5- (exceptionally
6-7-) septate and muriform 18-22 x 8-10 p.. Berlese (1. c.) notices the
same variability in the number of septa. The Canada specc. on
Crataegus, have asci (p. sp.) 110x18-20 /*, sporidia oblong-fusoid,
5-7-septate with one or two of the cells divided by a longitudinal
septum, 25-35 x 10 //.

L. tingens, (Ell.)

(Plate 25)

Lophiostoma tingens, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 90.
Lophidium tingens, Sacc. Syll. 5527.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 693.

Perithecia buried in the wood, mostly compressed, thick and
leathery, of medium size. Ostiolum barely visible on the surface of
the wood, not projecting and only slightly compressed. Asci cylin-
drical, 80-90x10-11 jut, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate,
oblong, obtuse, brownish, 3-septate, with a longitudinal septum more
or less distinct, often slightly curved, variable in length, mostly about
16-18x7 jut.

On dry, decorticated maple limbs, Newfield, N. J.

L. obtectum, (Pk.)

Lophiostoma obtectum, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 65.
Lophidium obtectum, Sacc. Syll. 5537.

Perithecia numerous, immersed, slightly prominent, covered by
the epidermis which is pierced by the narrow, compressed ostiola.
Asci cylindrical or clavate. Sporidia variable, crowded or biseriate,
rarely uniseriate, at first pale, subacute and 1-3-septate, then obtuse,
oblong or subfusiform, 5-6-septate, colored, 25-33 ji long, usually con-
stricted at the septa and occasionally with longitudinal septa.

On dead branches of Zanthoxylum Americanum, Bethlehem,
N. Y.

L. minus, (Ell.)

Lophiostoma minus, Ell. in Am. Nat. 1883, p. 316,
Lophidium minus, Sacc. Syll. 6179.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1690.

Perithecia erumpent, conical, \ mm. diam. and in height, with a

236

narrow and not very distinctly prominent ostiolum. Asci subcylindii-
cal, 50-60 x 7 //, with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uni-
seriate or crowded above, oblong-elliptical, 3-septate, with occasionally
a partial longitudinal septum, greenish-brown, 9-13x5-7 //, sometimes
with a short, obtuse, cylindrical appendage below.

On dead limbs of Nyssa multiflora, Newfield, N. J.

L. fenestrate, (C. & E.)

Lophiostoma fenestrate, C. & E, Grev. VI, p. 12.

Lophidium fenestrate, Sacc. Syll. 5546, Berlese Icones, tab. XI. fig. 2.

Immersed, scattered, subglobose. Ostiola laterally compressed,
hysteriiform. Asci cylindrical ? Sporidia obtuse, fusiform, constricted
in the middle, fenestrate, olive-brown.

On decaying Morus, New Jersey.

Not in good condition. Asci dissolved, but free sporidia found
which were elongated-elliptical, 50-60x20 /j. (Cooke in Grev. 1. c.)
Unfortunately our specimens are lost.

Berlese (1. c.) gives the following nieasurements from Italian spec-
imens. Perithecia §-1 mm., scattered. Asci 210-220 x 24-27 ju.

Sporidia 58-60x17-19//.

L. ciirtum, (Fr)

Sphtzria curta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 470.
Lophidium cur turn, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 340.

Perithecia gregarious, subprominent, rugulose, conic-globose, black.
Ostiolum short, linear, compressed, extending only partly across the
apex of the perithecium, sometimes conical, lips linear, closed. Asci
cylindrical, with a very short stipe, 120-130x12 ju, paraphysate, 8-
spored. Sporidia fusoid, biconical, 28-30 x 10-12 ju, 7-9-septate and
muriform, constricted at the middle septum, brown (Sacc. in Syll. II,
p. 714).

On very rotten limbs, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).

This species and L. diminuens have not been found in this coun-
try since Schweinitz' time, and may be considered doubtful.

L0PHI0NEMA, Sacc.

Sylloge II, p. 717.

Perithecia as in Lophiostoma. Sporidia vermicular or filiform,
septate, subhyaline.

237
L. vermisporum, (Ell.) (Plate 25)

Lophiostoma vermisporum, EH- Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 19.
Lophionema vermisporum, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 717.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 885.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, depressed -spherical, 150-
!00 fi diam., seated under the epidermis which is pierced by the stout,
black, narrowly compressed ostiola. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 150-
200 x 12-15 fi. Sporidia vermiform, gradually tapering towards the
base, about 7-septate and slightly constricted at the septa, yellowish
or nearly hyaline, each of the cells with 1-2 large nuclei, 75-88 x
3±-5 /i.

On old stems of Oenothera biennis, Newfield, N. J.

L. crenatum, (Schw.)

Sphceria crenata, Pers. var. cristata, Schw. Syn. Car. 136.
Lophiostoma (Lophionema) crenatum, Cke. Syn. 3591.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, immersed in the wood or bark,
finally more or less emergent, subsphaeroid, black, minute. Ostiolum
compressed, very broad, subcrenate.

North Carolina (Schw.)

Cooke (1. c.) places this in his subgenus Lophionema. We have
no knowledge of it otherwise.

Species to be rejected.

L. roseotinctum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 149.

This is only the diagnosis of Leptosphmria roseotinctum, E. & E.,
repeated by mistake from the preceding page.

L. minimum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IY, p. 75.

The specimens are so poor and meager that we abandon this
species.

L. pallidum, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 52.

See Melanomma pallidum.

FAMILY. CUCURBITARIEJ].

Stroma imperfectly developed or none. Perithecia cespitose,
cnmipent-superficial, seated on the stroma, when that is present, some-
times superficial from the first. Substance of the perithecia hard,
woody or leathery, black or dark brown. Asci elongated, paraphysate,
Sporidia various, mostly brown.

238

CUCURBITARIA, Gray.

Nat. Arrangement of Brit. Plants, I, p. 519.

Perithecia cespitose or more rarely gregarious, generally more or
less connected at the base by a thin, dematiaceous stroma, spherical,
glabrous, black, coriaceous, generally rugulose, perforated above.
Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong or elliptical,
niuriform, yellow, becoming brown. Paraphyses abundant.

C, elongata, (Fr.)

Sphczria elongata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 422.
Cucurbitaria elongata, Grev. Scott. Crypt. Flora tab. 195.
Exsicc, Fckl. F. Rh. 970.— Rah. Herb. Myc. 727.— id. F. Kur. 822, 1441.— Rehm Asc. 185,
336.— Thum. F. Austr. 252.— id. M. U. 565, 1362.— M. March. 146.— Plowr. Sph.
Brit. 54.— EH. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1955.

Stroma black, extensively effused and often surrounding the
branch. Perithecia at first immersed, then erumpent, subcespitose,
globose, annulate-depressed around the papilliform ostiolum. Asci
cylindrical, short-stipitate, 120-150x12-14//, 8-spored, with filiform
paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate-oblong. 5-7-septate and muri-
form, 25-28 x 10-12 //, yellow, then brown, constricted at the middle
septum. Macropycnidial state, Ilendersonia Robiniw, West; pyc-
nidia, Diplodia Mobinim, stylospores ovate, brown, uniseptate, 20 x
12 /*; perithecia globose, papillate.

On Mobinia pseudacacia, Pennsylvania (Everhart).

C. Berberidis, (Pers).

Sphczria Berberidis, Pers. Syn. p. 52.
Cucurbitaria Berberidis, Gray 1. c.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 969.— Kunze. F. Sel. 103.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 653.— id. F. E. 2230.
Rehm. Asc. 281.— Thum. F. Austr. 171.— id. M. U. 360.— I^in. F. Hung. 281.— M.
March. 161, 1716, 2943.— Plow. S. Brit. 56.— Vize. M. F. 160.— Romell, F. Scand. 76.
—EH. N. A. F. 578.

Perithecia seated on a thin, brownish-black, dematiaceous stroma,
mostly in elongated groups of various extent, erumpent through the
epidermis, crowded, subspherical, rimose-rugose, and finally subrimose-
dehiscent, black, glabrous, about f mm. diam. Asci cylindrical from
a narrow base, 150-160 x 14—16 /i, 8-spored, with abundant paraphy-
ses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, somewhat attenuated at the
ends, 8-9-septate and muriform, constricted in the middle, golden-yel-
low becoming brown, with the ends subhyaline, 26-30x12-13 p,
Spermogonium; spermatia very small, cylindrical, 4 x J fi.

On dead limbs of Herberts vulgaris, Carolina (Schw.)

239

C. conglobata, (Fr.)

Sphcsria conglobata, Fr. S. M. II, p, 414.

Cucurbitaria conglobata, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 214.

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent, subglobose, with a papilliform
ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored, 130-155x14-18 //.
Sporidia uniseriate, at first 3-septatc, then 5-7-septate and longitudi-
nally divided, slightly constricted at the septa, brown, 24-30 x 11-12//.
Stylosporous receptacles mixed with the perithecia. Stylospores spi-
rally bent, 2-3 x § //.

On birch limbs, Itivnek, Greenland, on Corylus, Penna. (Schw.)
C. Kelseyi, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., July, 1890, p. 240.

Perithecia large, (|-1 mm.), rough, subglobose, regularly rounded
above, with a papilliform ,ostiolum, bursting through cracks in the
bark in elongated tufts, crowded and subconfluent, connected below
by a scanty grayish-black stroma. Asci cylindrical 170-190x15-
20 //, contracted below into a short, stipe-like base. Paraphyses fili-
form, abundant. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, straw-yellow,
becoming dark brown, contracted in the middle, with three principal
septa and several fainter ones (7-9 in all), muriform, 25-30 x 14-16 //,
ends at first obtusely pointed, finally rounded. The three main trans-
verse septa are the only distinct and decided ones, the others, both
transverse and longitudinal, being more or less indistinct and inter-
rupted.

On Philadelphus Lewisiif Helena, Montana.

This is with difficulty distinguished from C. Berberidis, Gray,
and might perhaps better be considered a var. of that species, from
which it seems to differ in its broader sporidia. The ascigerous peri-
thecia were accompanied by others., inclining more to ovate, with a
short, conic-cylindrical ostiolum, and filled with very minute (1^-2 x
\ //) sporules.

C. Fraxini. E. & E. 1. c. (Plate 26)

Perithecia globose, rough, black (white inside), \ mm. diam.,
flattened above, with a papilliform ostiolum, seated on the surface of
the inner bark in compact clusters of about 8-12, and surrounded by
the ruptured epidermis. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. about 150 x 12-15 //,
with a short, stipe-like base and surrounded by numerous paraphyses.
Sporidia uniseriate or subbiseriate, ovate- oblong, constricted in the
middle, 5-6-septate and muriform, yellowish-brown, 25-30 x 10-14 //.

On bark of dead Fraxinus, London, Canada (Dearness).

240

C. echinata, E. & E.

Cucurbitaria setosa, E. & K. 1. C, p. 241.

Stroma black, carnose, 2-3 mm. across, its convex surface thickly
covered with the minute, parasitic? perithecia, which are subglobose,
about 165 jj. diam., clothed laterally with stout, black, spreading spines
25-40x7 fi. Ostiolum either smooth and subpapilliform or more or
less distinctly radiate-sulcate. Asci oblong clavate, 45-55x12 /i
(p. sp.), contracted below into a narrow, stipe-like base. Paraphyses
longer than the asci, evanescent. Sporidia biseriate, subrhomboidal-
oblong, hyaline and multinucleate at first, becoming yellowish, 3-5-
septate and submuriform, 12-15 x 4-5 p.. Accompanied by Cornularia
JPersicce, (Schw.) The crowded perithecia bear a general resemblance
to those of Otthia morbosa, (Schw.), from which, however, this is (juite
distinct.

Parasitic ? on the tubercular, erumpent stroma of some Diatrype f
on dead limbs of wild plum (Primus), London, Canada (Dearness).

The stroma is carnose and black inside and out, 2-3 mm. diam.,
and in the bark beneath it are buried the abortive perithecia of the
Diatrype. The specific name has been changed on account of the
homonomous species C. setosa, Winter, which was overlooked.

C. naucosa, (Fr.)

SphcBria naucosa, Fr. in Schra. & Kze. Myc. Hefte, 2, p. 36 and Fr. S. M. II, p. 416.
Cucurbitaria naucosa, Fckl. Synib. p. 173, tab. I, fig. 10.
Cenangium naucosum, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 364.
FJxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2042.

Perithecia crowded-cespitose, globose, smooth, brownish-black,
subastomous. Asci broad-cylindrical, with a narrow base, 8-spored,
110-125 x 14-16 jul. Sporidia uniseriate or partly biseriate, oblong-
clavate, narrowed below, constricted in the middle, 3-6-septate, with
an imperfect, longitudinal septum, honey-yellow, 19-23x7-9 p..

On (elm) ? limbs, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).

The specimen in Herb. Schw. is too poor to allow one to express
any opinion as to what it may be.

C. Cratrcgi, (Schw.)

Sphczria Cralagi, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1445

Perithecia erumpent, generally in elliptical tufts, rather large
(about \ mm. diam.), black or blackish, of irregular shape and subcir-
cinately arranged, the lower half sunk in a furfuraceous, dark tomen-
tum. Asci 112-120 x 15-20 p, subsessile, paraphysate, 8-spored.
Sporidia uniseriate, clavate-elliptical, hyaline and with a broad, hyaline

241

envelope at first, becoming 6-or more-septate and yellow, strongly
i •< districted in the middle, 35-40 x 15 //, upper half broadest.

On various species of Crataegus, around Bethlehem, Pa. (Schwei-
nitz).

The measurements of the asci and sporidia were taken from the
specimen in Herb. Schw. C. Cratcegi, Niessl. seems to be different
from this.

(, Shepherdise, (E.-& E.)

Cnrreya ShepherditE \ E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 249.

Perithecia 4^6 together, connected at the base by a loose, brown
stroma, ovate, whitish inside, covered at first, their short, obtuse
ostiola soon rupturing the epidermis and revealing the clusters of
brownish-black perithecia. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 100-110 x 15 /*,
with obscure paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, uniseriate, obovate.
3-5-septate and muriform, slightly constricted in the middle, yellow,
18-22x10-12 ii.

On dead limbs of Shepherdia argentea, Valley of the Teton,
Northern Montana (Anderson, 539).

G. confluens, Plowr. Grew V, p. 74.

Perithecia at first immersed, becoming prominent, conical, fre-
quently confluent, covered by a very fine, black down, connected by
an inconspicuous stroma. Sporidia brown, muriform, constricted in
the middle, about 30 x 12 jjl.

On oak bark, Sierra Nevada Mts., California.

C. Coremse, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 89.

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1189.

Perithecia scattered, at first subcuticular, but finally throwing off
the epidermis, ovate, black, rough, 260-330 // diam., with broadly pa-
pillilbrm, obtusely conical ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 150 x 15 //. Spo-
ridia uniseriate and oblique or partly biseriate, elliptical or oblong-
elliptical, yellow at first, becoming deep brown, about 7-septate, with
a few longitudinal septa, most.lv constricted in the middle, 20-25 x 7
9/,.

On Hudsonia tomentosa, Newfield, N. J.

The host was at first taken to be Corema Conradii, hence the
specific name.

C. umbilicata, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 53.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1654.

Perithecia scattered or subaggregatcd, depressed-hemispherical.
31

242

black, rough, |-J mm. diam., collapsing above when dry. Asci cyl-
indrical, 114x11 //, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriater
elliptical, constricted in the middle, 3-septate, straw color at first, be-
coming muriform and brown, 22-28 x 9-13 /i.

On decorticated sage brush {Artemisia), Utah.

C. Ribis, Niessl. Beitrag. p. 48, tab. V. fig. 34.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2370.

Perithecia rather large, gregarious or crowded, subglobose. pa-
pillate, at length depressed, umbilicate, perforated, shining, 400 fi diam.
Asci ample, oblong-clavate, short-stipitate, rounded above, paraphysate,
100-116 x 14-17 /i. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or irregularly bi-
seriate, obovate, constricted in the middle, 3-7-septate and muriform.
dark olivaceous, 18-20 x 7-8 pt.

On decorticated stems of Ribes, sp. Helena, Montana (Kelsey).

C. longitudinalis, Pk. 33rd Rep. p. 34, pi. 2, figs. 23-26.

Perithecia 500-750 p. diam., globose, arranged in short lines,
erumpent through cracks in the bark, black, pierced at the apex. Asci
cylindrical, 8-spored, paraphysate, 110-120x12 /i. Sporidia mostly
uniseriate, oblong, 4-5-septate, with one or two longitudinal septa,
brown, 20-32 x 10-1 2J //.

On dead stems of Andromeda ligastrina. Center, N. Y., and
Newfield, N. J.

C. Comptoniae, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 12.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 95.

Perithecia cespitose or scattered, often transversely erumpent
through cracks in the epidermis, but also in small (1—1 J mm.) tufts
closely surrounded by the epidermis or, when on the bare wood, scat-
tered, ovate-globose, black, papillate, about \ mm. diam. Asci cylin-
drical, 100-112x12 /i, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate,
oblong-elliptical, yellow-brown, 3-septate and slightly constricted in
the middle, becoming 5- or more-septate and muriform, 18-23x10 /1.

On Comptonia asplenifolia, Newfield, N. J.

Asci longer and narrower and sporidia smaller than in C con-
gesta.

C. congesta, €. & E. Grev. VI, p. 12.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, crowded, ovate-globose, about
J mm. diam., rough, black, with a distinct papilliform ostiolum. Asci

(p. sp.) about 75 xl2 /*, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate or
subbiseriate above, oblong-elliptical, yellow-brown, with three main
septa, slightly constricted at the middle septum, finally multiseptate
and muriform, 18-25 x 11-13 /i.

On dead limbs of Magnolia, New field, N. J.

The perithecia are mostly thickly gregarious or crowded, but not
cespitose. Accompanied by perithecia with brown, Diplodia spores
rather smaller than the ascospores.

C. Spartii, (Nees.)

Sph&ria Spartii, Nees. in Fr. S. M. II, p. 424

Cucurbitaria Spartii, Ces' & De Not. Schema, p. 40, Saec. F. Ital. tab. 532
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 974.— Rab. F. K. 1440.— Rehm Asc. 527.— Thum. F. Austr. 253.— M.
March. 34.

Perithecia erumpent, crowded and confluent or cespitose, with ob-
tuse ostiola and sometimes with an imperfectly developed stroma,
globose, with the apex finally umbilicate-depressed, blackish, Asci
cylindrical, short-stipitate, 160-210 x 10-12 //, with filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, slightly constricted in the middle, 5-7-
septate and submuriform, golden yellow-brown, 24-30x8-10 /i.

On dead branches of Sarothamnus scoparins (cult), Newfield,
N. J.

C« Labiirni, (Pers.)

Sp/i(sria Laburni, Pers. Syn. p. 50.

Cucurbitaria Laburni, De Not. Fro. Crit. Ital. No. 875.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 965.— Kze. F. Sel. 104.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 42.— id. F. E- 1014.— Rehm
Asc. 146.— Thum. F. Austr. 489.— id. M. U. 272.

Cespitose on a subcompact stroma. Perithecia globose, rugulose.
black, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 110-170x11-
14 /i, with branching paraphyses. Sporidia elliptic-fusoid, 26-36 x 9
-12 /i, subuniseriate, 5-7-septate and muriform, slightly constricted in
the middle, golden-brown.

On dead branches of Laburnum. Common in Europe and will
probably be found here.

C. tumorum, (Schw.)

Sphceria tumorum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1417.

The specimens of this species in Herb. Schw. afford only stylo-
spores, Diplodia sp.

C. radicalis, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 51.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 344.

Perithecia ovate, about I mm. diam., papillate, black, erumpent-

244

superficial, in small (1 mm.), valsoid clusters, with their bases stroma r
ically connected. Asci clavate. Sporidia linear, slightly curved
obtuse, 8 fj. long.

On bark of oak roots, South Carolina.

In the specimens in our'copy of Rav. F. Am. some of the perithe-
cia contain minute, oblong, hyaline spermatia and others, large hyaline,
oblong-elliptical stylospores, 20-26 x 12-14 /z, with a thick, hyaline
epispore (Dothiorella sp.) The perithecia are not collapsed. This
must be considered a doubtful species.

FRACCHlilA, Sacc.

Myc. Ven. Spec. p. 115, tab. XIIr figs, 3-7.

Perithecia aggregated or subscattered, superficial, on a stromatic
crust, globose or depressed, black or brown, coriaceous or coriaceo-
carbonaceous. Asci clavate, polysporous. Sporidia oblong or allan-
toid, subhyaline.

Fr. subcongregata, (B. & C.)

Sph&ria subcongregata, B. & C. in Rav. Fungi Car. IV, No. 57 (1855).
Fracchicea heterogenea, Sacc. M. Ven. Spec. p. 115 (1873).
Sphceria subconnata, B. & C. Grev. IV. p. 141 (1876).
Sphceria subccmvexa, B. & Rav. (ubi) ?
Gibbera moricarpa, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 51 (1878).

Sphceria polycocca, B. & Rav. in Rav. Car. IV, No. 62 (sec. Cke. in Grev. XV, p. 83) .
Sphceria botryosa, Tode, Scler. No. 122 (sec. specc. det. by Cke. in Grev. V, p. 93).
Exsicc, Rav. F. Car. IV, No. 57 — Speg. Dec. Myc. Arg. No. 41.— Rav. F. Am. 343 — Ell-
N. A. F. 692.

Perithecia cespitose or partly scattered, seated on a thin, stro-
matic crust on the surface of the wood or bark, depressed-spherical,
\ to nearly J mm. diam., black and verruculose. Ostiolum minute,
scarcely prominent, becoming umbilicate. Asci elongated-clavate,
attenuated below, 60-70x12-15 /u, polysporous, (paraphysate, sec.
Speg.) Sporidia allantoid, yellowish in the mass, 6-9 xl| /i (12 x
2 ft, Sacc.)

On bark of Myrica and Liquidambar, Georgia (Ravenel), on
Morns, New Jersey.

We make the sporidia in Speg. So. Am. specimens only 6-9 x
\\ fi, mostly 6-8 x \\ jm, the same as in our N. Am. specc.

Fr. callista, (B. & €.)

Cucurbitaria callista, B. & C Grev. IV, p. 47.
Fracchicea callista, Sacc. Syll. 388.
Exsicc. Rav. Car. V, No. 67.— EH. N. A. F. 1188.

Perithecia closely aggregated, seated on a patch of tobacco-brown.

245

felt-like subiculum 2-4 mm. across, and composed of closely inter-
woven, pale brown, branched and sparingly septate hyphae, globose,
soon deeply collapsed, about J mm. diam., coriaceous, strigose below,
glabrous above. Asci clavate, 70-75 x 10-12 /z, (paraphysate) ? Spo-
ridia densely packed, very numerous, hyaline, oblong, 6-8 x 1 |-2± p,
with a nucleus in each end.

On bark of Comas, Carolina, Pennsylvania and Canada.

Cucurbitaria brevibarbata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 47.
Fracchicea brevibarbata, Sacc. Syll. 386.

Fr. brevibarbata, (B. & C.)

Cucurbitaria brevibarbata, ]
Fracchicea brevibarbata, Sac

" Cespitose, globose, not collapsing, minutely tomentose. Asci
clavate, stuffed with the allantoid sporidia."

No habitat, locality or measurements are given.

NITSCHKIA, Otth.

In Fckl. Symb. p. 165.

Perithecia cespitose-erumpent, or, when on decorticated wood,
superficial, spherical, collapsing to cup-shaped, bald and black ; texture
subcoriaceous. Asci clavate. Sporidia short-cylindrical or rod-shaped,
continuous, hyaline.

N. cupularis, (Pers.) (Plate 26)

Sphceria cupularis, Pers. Syn. p. 53.

Sphceria cucurbilula, b. nigrescens, Tode Fungi Meckl. p. 39.
Cucurbitaria cupularis, Cke. Hndbk. p. 842.
Nitschkia Fuckelii, Nits, in Fckl. Symb. p. 165.
Nitschkia cuptdaris, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 81.
Ccelosphceria Fuckelii, Sacc. M. Ven. Spec. p. 115.
Ccelosphczria cupularis, Sacc. Syll. I. p. 91 .
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 968.— Thum. Myc. Univ. 1947.

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent in small (2 mm.), dense clusters
closely surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, spherical, but collapsing
to cup-shaped, 200-300 fi diam. Asci 40-60 x 7-8 ju, contracted below
into a stipe-like base, and surrounded by filiform paraphyses, 8-spored.
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, slightly curved, hyaline, with a nucleus
in each end, 9-10 J x 2-3 ju.

On dead branches of various deciduous trees, Tilia, Acer, Pni
7ius, &c, on bark of Negundo Aceroides, Montana (Anderson, 276).

The Montana specimens are the only American specimens we
have seen. They agree in all respects with the specc. in Thum. M. U.
and with the description of this species in Winter's Pilze and Sac-
cardo's Sylloge.

246

X. tristis, (Pers.)

Spharia tristis, Pers. Sytl. p. 87.

Nitschkia tristis, Fckl. Sytnb. p. 165.

Coelosphceria, tristis, Sacc. Syll. 378.

Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 632.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 63.— Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser. 269.

Perithecia densely gregarious, superficial, depressed-globose, soon
collapsing to flat cup-shaped, coarsely wrinkled, black, without any
distinct ostiolum, £-£ mm. diain., seated on a scanty, black, pilose
subiculum. Asci clavate with a slender stipe, 8-spored, 40-45 x 8-9 /i.
Sporidia lying irregularly in the asci, oblong or elavate-oblong, mostly
straight, 4-nucleate, hyaline, 9-11 x2-2| fi.

On bark, Carolina (Schw.), also Carolina and Maine (Berkeley).

The specimen in Herb. Schw., 1413, labeled "Sphceria cupularin"
is this species, having the perithecia J-f mm. diam., and asci shorter
and broader than in S. cupularis. Whether this is the Sphceria
tristis, Tode, is doubtful. Persoon gives S. tristis, Tode, interroga-
tively as a synonym of his S. tristis. Both speak of the thin, tomen-
tose subiculum, but Tode says the perithecia are so small as to be
scarcely visible, which certainly does not apply to the species here
described as Nitschkia tristis, (Pers.)

The specimen in Fungi Gallici, 1485, labeled Sjyhmria tristis,
Tode, is (in our copy) only a patch of black torn en turn without any
perithecia. In the specc. issued by Cooke and Plowright the sporidia
are 7-9 x2-2| ft, the contents often divided by a pseudoseptum across
the middle.

Specc. on rotten maple from Ohio (Morgan, 976) have abundant,
narrow-elliptical, hyaline sporidia? 6-8 x 3 fi, but no asci, and may be
the spermogonial stage of this species.

N. euomphala, (B. & C.)

Sphceria euomphala, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 141.
Sphceria craterella, B. & Rav. in Herb. Berk.
Byssosphceria euomphala, in Cooke's Synopsis, 2603.
Botryosphceria euomphala, Saec. Syll. 1784.
Exsicc. Rav. Fung. Car. IV, 54.

Perithecia densely gregarious, about \ mm. diam., or a little less,
spherical, minutely tubercular-roughened, soon collapsing. Asci cla-
vate. Sporidia elliptical, continuous, smoky-hyaline, or pale brown,
6-8 x SJ-4J ju.

On bark of dead trunks of Fraxinus, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

The perithecia are seated on a thin subiculum of creeping, septate
hyphae, with which they are also mostly fringed at base.

(XELOSPHiERIA, Sacc.

Mycotheca Ven. Spec. p. 115 (emended).

Perithecia scattered, superficial or at first covered by the epi-

247

dermis, membranaceo-coriaceous, collapsing, smooth or bristly. Asci
and sporidia as in Nitschkia.

We have modified Saccardo's generic characters so as to embrace
only species with scattered perithecia. The evidently close relation-
ship to Nitschkia forbids their removal to another family.

C. corticata, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., July, 1890, p. 222.

Perithecia scattered, globose, about \ mm. diam., closely en-
veloped, except the papilliform ostiolum and the apex, by the adherent
epidermis, and clothed with a thin coat of brown, branching,, sparingly
septate hairs about 3 ju thick. Asci (p. sp.) about 35 x 7 /i, 8-spored.
Sporidia crowded-biseriate, 2-nucleate, hyaline, moderately curved,
obtuse, 10-14x3 //. The perithecia soon collapse down to, or a little
beyond the part embraced by the epidermis, and become strongly
concave.

On barl^of dead Madura aurantiaca, Missouri (Demetrio, 272)

C. fusariospora, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 65.

Exsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1957.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, about 165 fi diam., collapsing to
cup-shaped, black, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical, 50 x 7 /*, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, arcuate-
fusiform, continuous, 18-22 x 2 J p., ends acute.

On bark of cottonwood, Kansas (Egeling).

C. (?) chiliopyxis, (B. & C.)

Sphceria chiliopyxis, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 141.

" Extremely minute, gregarious, globose, bright. Sporidia hya-
line, slightly sausage-shaped."
On rotten logs, Carolina.

C. exilis, (A. & S.)

Sphceria exilis, A. & S. Consp. p. 44.
Nitschkia exilis, Fckl. Symb. p. 44.
Coelosphceria exilis, Sacc. Syll. 379.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, seated on a thin, scanty, whitish,
cottony subiculum, membranaceo-coriaceous, 150-250 //diam., globose,
soon collapsing to shallow cup-shaped, sparingly clothed with black,
continuous bristles, 60-80 x6//. Ostiolum inconspicuous. Asci (p. sp.)
25-30x4 //long. Sporidia subbiseriate, hyaline, cylindrical, curved,
3-5 x 1 p.

On Prunus serotina, Quercus Montana, and Comus florid a. in

248

Carolina (Berk), on decaying poplar, Carolina (Fries, in S. M. II, p.
452).

The above characters are from a Finland specimen, on rotten
wood, from Karsten. They certainly agree well with the description
in A. & S. Conspectus. Whether this or Melanomma exile, (Scliw.)
(see p. 184) is the true Sphwria exilis, A. & S., we can not say, but as
they are evidently two distinct things, we have given descriptions of
both.

OIBBERA, Fr.

Sumra. Veg. Scand. p. 402.

Perithecia cespitose, on a superficial, thick, dematiaceous, con-
idia-bearing stroma, carbonaceous, fragile, bristly, obsoletely papil-
late. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical,
uniseptate, pale yellow.

Fries takes this genus in a more comprehensive sense, including
also Gibberella (see Hypocreacem).

& Vaccinii, (Sow). (Plate 26)

Sphceria Vaccinii, Sow. Eng. Fung, tab. 373, fig. 1.
Gibbera Vaccinii, Fr. 1. c.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1757.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 435.— Rehm Asc. 636.— Thum. F. Austr. 959.
id. M. U. 1851.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 296.— Krieger F. Sax. 168.— Roum. F. G. 565.

Perithecia crowded on a black, felt-like stroma, sphaeroid, slightly
attenuated below, obsoletely papillate, about \ mm. diam., clothed
with short (60-70x6-7 //), rigid, black, continuous bristles. Asci
cylindrical, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 90 x 8-9 p.. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, scarcely constricted at the
septum, hyaline or pale olivaceous, 15-18 x 7-8 p.

The conidial stage is Helminthosporiwn Vaccinii, Fr.

On branches of Vaccinium Vitis Idcea. Common in Europe but
thus far not found here. This species matures only on dead branches.

0TTH1A, Nitschke.

Fckl. Symb. Mycol. p. 169.

Perithecia erumpent, cespitose or gregarious, subspherical, mi-
nutely papillate, black, glabrous, carbonaceo-coriaceous. Asci cylin-
drical, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia elliptical or fusoid, brown or
brownish-yellow, uniseptate. The pycnidial stage is a Diplodia.
A. Sporidia yellow or brownish -yellow.

249
0. hypoxyloides, (E. & E.) (Plate 26)

Amphispheeria Hypoxylon, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 41.

Perithecia minute (80-90 //), ovate-globose, white inside, rough
and black outside, mostly radiate-sulcate around the ostiolum, which is
not prominent and finally rather broadly perforated, densely crowded
and partly sunk in a flat, blackish-brown, subcarbonaceous stroma.
\-\ cm. across or, by confluence, more, much resembling the sterile
stroma of some Hypoxylon. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 55-60 x 10-12 /jl,
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, ovate, uni-
septate, brown, 6-9 x3|-4J //.

On rotten wood, Louisiana (Langlois), Delaware (Commons).

0. Symphoricarpi, (E. & E.)

♦

Plowrightia Symphoricarpi, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phil. July 1890, p. 249.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2374.

Stroma convex, penetrating to the wood, but not limited by any
black circumscribing line, brownish-black, whitish within, l|-2 mm.
diam. Perithecia 10-15 in a stroma, \ mm. diam., the upper part
mostly prominent and free. Sometimes the stroma is wanting, the
perithecia being then simply cespitose or subsolitary. Ostiola obtusely
conical, nearly smooth or indistinctly radiate-sulcate. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, subsessile, 75-80x12//, with paraphyses. Sporidia uni-
seriate or subbiseriate above, ovate-elliptical, uniseptate and con-
stricted, hyaline and granular at first, becoming yellow-brown, 15-
18x10//.

On dead branches of Symphoricarpus occidentalis, Sand Coulee,
Cascade Co., Montana (Anderson, No. 210).

0. Aceris, Winter, Hedw. 1871, p. 162.

Perithecia cespitose, depressed-globose, brownish-black, papillate,
thin, | mm. diam., seated on the surface of the inner bark in groups of
3-10, soon erumpent through the ruptured epidermis, and then almost
superficial. Asci cylindrical, sessile, paraphysate, 180-200x35 //.
Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate or biseriate, oblong, uniseptate and
constricted at the septum, hyaline, with a broad, hyaline envelope,
becoming brown, 50-60 x 1 5-18 //, each cell with a large nucleus.

On bark of dead maple limbs, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

The sporidia exceed the measurements given by Winter, but
otherwise the specimens agree with his diagnosis. The specc. in
Roum. F. G. 5636, are only Diplodia,
32

250

0. quercicola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia densely crowded, subglobose, 150-200 // diam., brown-
ish-black, granular-roughened, collapsing above, white inside, seated
on a brown, felt-like subiculum of matted, septate, sparingly branched
hairs, 5-6 fi diam., forming patches j— § cm. across and generally sur-
rounding the twig or limb, which is there swollen as in O. morbosa.
Asci oblong, subventricose, contracted below into a short stipe, 8-spored,
paraphysate, 75-80 x 18-20 //. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, ovate-
elliptical, subinequilateral, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, hyaline,
becoming yellow-brown, 18-22 x 8-10 ju.

On dead twigs of white oak, Newfield, N. J.

0. fruticola, E. & E.

♦

Parodiella fruticola, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 97.
Dothidea insculpta, Wallr. in Roum. F. Gall. 547, and 4955.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2i2q.

Perithecia obovate, astomous at first, about 1 mm. diam., black,
flattened above and finally umbilicate-collapsed and irregularly or
sublacinately ruptured above, seriately erumpent through cracks in
the bark, often densely crowded, but not confluent. Asci subcylindri-
cal, 100-150 x 15-20 /i. Paraphyses cylindrical, often branching
below, faintly septate, evanescent. Sporidia uniseriate or occasionally
more or less perfectly biseriate, broad fusoid-oblong, subinequilateral,
uniseptate, straw-yellow, 30-35x8-15 p.. The perithecia are often
subangular from mutual pressure and are at first filled with a whitish,
grumous mass, but finally become empty.

On dead stems of Clematis ligusticifolia, Sand Coulee, Montana
(Anderson).

The Montana specc. are certainly the same as those issued in F.
Gall., above quoted, under the name of Dothidea insculpta, Wallr.,
but that species (sec. Sacc. in Syll.) has cells peripherical and minute
(loculis periphericis, exiguis), which is not the case either with the
Montana or F. G. specc, in which the perithecia are as described
above. Specc. in our Herb, labeled Dothidea insculpta, Wallr., col-
lected by Dr. Morthier in Switzerland, agree with the F. G. and Mon-
tana specc. only the sporidia are 3-septate.

B. Sporidia subhyaline (Otthiella, Sacc.)

0. alnea, (Pk.)

Cucurbitaria alnea, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 75.
Otthia alnea, Sacc. Syll. 2804, Cke. Syn. 2490.

Perithecia cespitose. erumpent, astomous, black, white within, the

251

tufts closely surrounded by the transversely ruptured epidermis. Spo-
ridia uniseriate, uniseptate, subacuminate, constricted at the septum,
nearly colorless, with one or two nuclei in each cell, 20-25 // long.

On dead alder branches, Center, N. Y., in company with Torula
ulnea.

Var. carwosa, Cke. Grew XV, p. 84, has the sporidia 3-septate,
(Montagnella)f Specimens from Peck (in our Herb.) have the peri-
thecia> ovate-globose, rough, \-\ mm. diam. Ostiolum indistinct.
Clusters of closely packed, subconfluent perithecia elliptical, l-l|x
2 mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, 75-80 x 6-7 /i. Sporidia 20-25 x 4 fi.
Differs from 0. Alni, Winter, in its smaller, hyaline sporidia.

0. stapltflina, E. & E. (Plate 41)

Plowrightia staphylina, E- & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July 1890, p. 248.

Cespitose, clusters of perithecia about 1 mm. diam., mostly seri-
ately confluent for several centimeters in length, erumpent through
cracks in the bark and only slightly prominent. Perithecia black,
small, 150-200 jj. diam., ovate or obovate, narrowed below into a sub-
stipitate base. Ostiolum conic-papilliform, soon broadly and some-
what irregularly perforated. Asci clavate-cylindrical, subsessile, par-
aphysate, 60-65 x 8 //. Sporidia mostly biseriate, oblong or clavate-
oblong, hyaline, uniseptate and slightly constricted, 12-15x4-5 jjl,
ends obtuse.

On bark of Staphylea trifolia, London, Canada (Dearness).

0. seriata, (Pk.)

Cucurbitaria seriata, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 75.
Otthia seriata, Sacc. Syll. 2801, Cke. Syn. 2487.

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent in long, flexuous, interrupted lines,
small, nearly globose, black, white within, sometimes collapsing, the
stroma, if present, merely cortical and subferruginous. Asci cylin-
drical or subclavate. Sporidia uniseriate or rarely crowded, unisep-
tate, oblong-elliptical, slightly constricted at the septum, hyaline.
10-13 [i long.

On dead bark of Euonymus, Albany, N. Y.

0. morbosa, (Schw.)

Sphceria morbosa, Sehw. Syn. Car. 134. Fr. S. M. II, p. 417, Farlow in Bull. Buss.

Inst. 1876, p. 449, tab. IV— VI.
Plowrightia morbosa, Sacc. Syll. 5295.
Fxsicc. Roum. Fungi Gall. 4450.— -Ell. N. A. F. 691.

Perithecia globose, \ mm. diam., smooth, black, collapsing, densely
crowded and forming a continuous layer on the surface of elongated
swellings 4-8 cm. long and 1-2 cm. thick, formed from the scarcely

252

altered substance of the bark. Asci clavate -cylindrical, with a short
stipe, 8-spored, paraphysate, 120x18-20 /*. Sporidia obliquely
monostichous, ovate-oblong, and rounded at the apex, subacute below,
uniseptate, the lower cell narrower, hyaline, 16-20x8-10 jx.

Stylospores in similar perithecia, ovoid, 3-septate, yellowish, stipi-
tate, 12x6 li. Spermatia minute on slender basidia. Conidia
produced on the surface of the young stroma, ovoid subolivaceons,
16 it long, borne on filiform, simple hyphae 40-60x4 p..

Common on limbs of plum and cherry trees, to which it is very
destructive.

The genus Plowrightia, in Sacc. Syll., is unsatisfactory, embra-
cing species with true perithecia, such as Sphceria morbosa, Schw.,
and others with mere ascigerous cells, such as Dothidea ribesia,
(Pers.), which is a genuine Dothidea. The former are here included
in the subgenus Otthiella, as has already been done by Cooke in
Grev. XV, p. 84.

M0NTAGNELLA, Spe£.

Fungi Arg. Pugill. IV, p. 70.

Perithecia densely gregarious, on an effused stroma, free above,
adnate below. Asci 8-spored, subcylindrical. Sporidia finally 3-sep-
tate and yellowish or brownish.

M. Heliopsidis, (Schw.) (Plate 41)

Dothidea Heliopsidis, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 69.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 682.

Perithecia depressed-globose, black (white within), connected at
the base by a stromatic crust surrounding the stem on which it grows
and extending longitudinally for 1 cm. or more. Asci cylindrical,
short-stipitate, 90-100x8-10 ti. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or
biseriate, fusoid-oblong, frequently curved, 3-septate, 28-30x4-5 ju,
yellowish-hyaline.

On dead stems of Helianthus divaricatus? Newfield, N. J., on
Heliopsis, Carolina (Schweinitz).

M. platyplaca, (Berk.)

Dothidea platyplaca, Berk. & Curt, in N. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129, No. 163.
Montagnella platyplaca, Sacc. Syll. 5332.

Stroma thin, black, penetrating the matrix, shining above, opake
and fertile below, perithecia (cells) ? superficial. Sporidia (sec. Cke.
Grev. XIII, p. 70) 1-3-septate, becoming brownish.
On leaves, Nicaragua.

253
M. tumefaciens. (Ell. & Hark.)

Sphceria {Montagnella) tumefaciens, EH. & Hark. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 41.
Montagnella tumefaciens, Sacc. Syll. 7315-
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1667.

Perithecia hemispherical, 200-333 fi diam., black, rough, crowded,
united below in a crustose stroma, bursting out through longitudinal
cracks in the bark and forming densely-compacted series, contin-
uous or interrupted, 3-5 cm. long, on swollen portions of the limb
or stem. Asci 100-120x10-12 /z, subcylindrical, with abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia mostly biseriate, cylindric-fusiform, slightly
curved, 3-septate, yellowish, 25-30 x 6-7 jut. Bears a general resem-
blance to Dothidea morhosa, Schw., but the perithecia are arranged
in series and the sporidia are quite different.

On dead limbs of Artemisia Californica, Mt. Diabolo, Cala.
(Harkness).

PAR0DIELLA, Speg.

Fungi Arg. Pugill. I, p. 178.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, astomous, black, base adnate to
the leaf. Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia
oblong or subelliptical, brown, uniseptate. Foliicolous.

P. grammodes, (Kze.) (Plate 41)

Sphceria grammodes, Kze. in Weigand's Exs.
Dothidea grammodes, Kze. in Berk. Cuban Fungi, No. 868.
Actidium CrotalaritB, Schw. MS.
Dothidea perisporioides, B. &C. Grev. IV, p. 103.
Dothidea seminata, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 104.
Dothidea grammodes, Sacc. Syll. 5279.
Parodiella grammodes, (Kze.) Cke. Syn, 1375.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 685.— Rab. F. E- 3251.

Perithecia globose, astomous, black, 150-200 p. diam., base adnate,
finally more or less wrinkled and umbilicate-collapsed above, often
covering the whole upper surface of the leaf. Asci clavate, short-stip-
itate, 75 x 20 /jl, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
elliptical or subbiconical, uniseptate and slightly constricted in the
middle, hyaline, becoming brown, upper cell mostly a little broader,
nearly straight, ends obtuse, 20-24x7-8 fi (28-30 x 10-11 pt Sacc.)

On living leaves of various leguminous plants. Psoralea, Rhyn-
cosia, Desmodium and Indigqfera, Southern and Western States,
common.

Dothidea seminata, B. and Rav., is given as a synonym on the
authority of Cooke in Grevillea, XIII, p. 106.

254

P, simillima, (B. & Rav.)

Dothidea simillima, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 104.
Dothidea Desmodii, Curtis, (fide Sacc. 5096).
Parodiella simillima, Cke. Syn. 1374.

Perithecia scattered, smaller than in P. grammodes, granulated.
Asci narrow. Sporidia hyaline, arcuate, suddenly attenuated at each
end as in many Vermicularice, 15 /i long, uniseptate.

On leaves of Desmodium, Carolina (Ravenel).

WALLROTHIELLA, Sacc.

Syll. I, p. 455-

Perithecia superficial or subsuperficial, globulose, glabrous, black.
Asci subcylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia ovoid, elliptical or suboblong,
continuous, hyaline.

W. Arceuthobii, (Pk.)

Sphceria Arceuthobii, Pk. 27th Rep. p. in.
Wallrothiella Arceuthobii, Sacc. Syll. 1756.

Perithecia small, densely cespitose, oblong or cylindrical, very
obtuse, shining black. Asci subclavate, fugacious. Sporida crowded,
globose, colorless, about 4 p. diam.

On capsules of Arceuthobium pusillum, Forestburg, N. Y.

It forms little black tufts crowning the fruit at the tips of the
stems and branches.

W. eunotiaespora, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria eunoticespora, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. iS.
Wallrothiella eunoticespora, Sacc. Syll. 6399.

Superficial, gregarious. Perithecia obpyriform (| mm.), black,
subshining, smooth, fragile. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, ellipti-
cal, inflated in the middle, continuous, hyaline, 30-35 x 12-14 /*, with
granular plasma.

On decorticated Australian Acacia, mixed with Diplodia, Cali-
fornia (Harkness).

W. melanostigma, (C. & E.)

Sphceria melanostigma, (C. & E.) Grev. VI, p. 13. tab. 95, fig. 16.
Wallrothiella melanostigma, Sacc. Syll. 1760.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 782.

Gregarious, very small, black. Perithecia subglobose, 150 // diam.
papillate, emerging from the fibers of the wood, submembranaceous.
Asci cylindric-clavate. Sporidia elliptical, small, hyaline, nucleate,
10 x 8 /jl.

On dead places in living oak limbs, Newfield, N. J.

255

W. minutissima, (Crouan).

Sphceria minutissima, Crouan, Finist. p. 23.
Wallrothiella minutissima, Sacc. Syll. 1761.

Perithecia superficial or nearly so, depressed-globose, strongly
papillate, black, scattered, 100-150 // diam. Asci cylindrical, p. sp.
35-40 x3| p.. Sporidia uniseriate (end to end), oblong-elliptical,
hyaline, 3§-4x 2£ //. Paraphyses obscure.

On dry cow dung, Newfieid, N. J.

W. macilenta, (Cke.)

Cucurbitaria macilenta, Cke. Grev. VII. p. 4.
Wallrothiella macilenta, Sacc. Syll. 1758.

Tufts very small, erumpent. Perithecia black, papillate, subsum-
ing, collapsing when dry. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, ellip-
tical, attenuated at each end, binucleate, 15x6 //.

On Abies and Libocedrus, California.

W. squalidula, (C. & P.)

Sphceria squalidula, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 61.
Wallrothiella squalidula, Sacc. Syll. 1759.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, semiimersed, pierced at the apex,
about 300 fj. diam,, black. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate,
elliptical, simple, binucleate, hyaline, 12-17 // long.

On decaying chestnut wood, New York.

W. consociata, (Ell. & Hark.)

Sphceria consociata, ISM & Hark, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VIII, p. 52.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, depressed-hemispheri-
cal, about 200 jj. diam., with a short, nipple-like, black ostiolum. Asci
subcylindrical, mostly curved at least when young, attenuated above,
about 40 x 5 /i, sessile, or nearly so. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-
fusoid, nucleolate, slightly curved, 6-8 x 1 J /i, yellowish-hyaline.

On foliage of Sequoia gigantea, California:

We have drawn these characters from a reexamination of the orig-
inal specc. and find the sporidia shorter than stated in the original
description. In some specc. paraphyses were seen, but they were very
rare and very evanescent.

FAMILY. SPHJ]RELL0iDEJ].

Perithecia membranaceous, small, mostly perforated with a simple
pore at the apex, without any distinct ostiolum, at first covered by the
epidermis, finally more or less erumpent or even superficial. Asci
mostly fasciculate. Paraphyses wanting or obscure.

256

LESTADIA, Awd.

Hedwigia 1869, p. 177.

Perithecia innate, membranaceous, typically pierced at the apex
with a simple pore. Asci 8-spored, without paraphyses, mostly clavate.
Sporidia ovoid or suboblong, continuous, hyaline.

Minute fungi growing mostly on leaves.

A. On leaves of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs.
L. rhytismoides, (Berk.)

Sphczria rhytismoides, Berk. Brit. Fungi, 178.
Sphczria Dryadis, Fckl. Symb. p. 108, tab. II, fig. 41.
Sphcerella rhytismoides, De Not. Reel. Pir. p. 12.
Lcestadia rhytismoides, Saec. Syll. 161 1, Cke. Syn. 5211.

Perithecia epiphyllous, rather large, semiimersed on large, dark
colored, indeterminate spots, globose, very black, perforated, at length
depressed. Asci fasciculate, stipitate, clavate, 8-spored, 50-55 x 14-
16 a. Sporidia inordinate, or distichous, oblong-ovate, subinequilater-
al, ends obtuse, guttulate, 14—16 x 5-Q ju, hyaline.

On leaves of Dry 'as integrifolia, Greenland.

L. carpinea, (Fr.)

Sphceria carpinea, Fr. S. M. II. p. 523.
Ascospora carpinea, Fr. Summa. Veg, Sc. p. 425.
SphcErella carpinea, Awd. Myc. Fur. 1. c. p. 2.
Lcestadia carpinea, Saec. Syll. 1619, Cke. Syn. 5223.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 466.— Rab. F. F. 365.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. 1. 165.— Desm. Pi. Crypt,
Fd. 1. 981.— Ed. 2. 285.

Perithecia amphigenous, sunk in the substance of the leaf and
covered by the blackened epidermis, scattered, globose, with a simple
pore at the apex, black, 120-150 /u broad. Asci oblong-clavate,
narrowed into a short stipe below, 8-spored, 50-60 x 8 ju. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-elliptical, inequilateral, subobtuse, one-celled, hyaline,
14-15x4-5 jut.

On leaves of Carpinus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).

L. albocrustata, (Schw.)

Sphczria albocrustata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1791.
Lcestadia albocrustata, Saec. Syll. 6000, Cke. Syn. 5192.

Seated on a light cinereous, pulverulent, indeterminate, vaguely
effused crust. Perithecia scattered, black, variously crowded on the
crust, which in this way has a sculptured appearance, not however,
confluent, at first convex, sub-rugose, at length collapsing. Asci cla-

257

vate, numerous, 16 ji long. Sporidia linear, obtuse, very small, 4 x 1 J
//. hyaline.

On the lower surface of leaves of Platanus, Bethlehem, Pa.

L. orientalis. E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890.

Perithecia amphigenous, depressed-hemispherical, 180-200 ta
diam., scattered, erumpent. Asci clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. 45-50 x
12 ft or, including the slender base, 70-75 /i long. Paraphyses
none. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, inequilateral ly elliptical, hyaline,
granular and nucleolate, 12-14 x 5-6 ft. There is also on the same
leaves a Septoria with gregarious, subglobose 80-100 jj. perithecia,
and hyaline, nucleate, subundulate, 1 2-25 x 1-1 \jt sporules — agree-
ing with the description of S. Grilletiana SaccN. in all but its smaller
continuous sporules.

On dead leaves of "Japan Chestnut" Castanea japoniea (cult.),
LaFayette, La. (Langlois.)

L. gregaria, (Cke.)

Stigmatea gregaria. Cke. Texas Fungi, No. 144.

Epiphyllous. Perithecia gregarious, black, erumpent, globose,
somewhat shining. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia subglobose, hyaline,
10-12x9 fi, continuous.

On unknown leaves, Meskat Bay, Texas (Ravenel).

L. auripunctum, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. March, 1884, p. 43.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia .scattered, 5-10 on yellowish, orbicu-
lar spots, 2-5 mm. diam., bordered by a dark brown line. Nucleus
orange. Asci 8-spored, fusiform, long-stipitate, 54 x 10 ft. Sporidia
ovate or clavate, hyaline, 10x6 ji.

On living leaves of Quercus Wislizeni, Folsom, Cala.

L. crclata, Harkness, 1. c.

Perithecia hypophyllous, entirely concealed, scattered. Asci
mucoid, clavate, long-stipitate, 45 x 15 ta. Paraphyses none. Sporidia
8, hyaline, turbinate, "shining," 12x6 /*, endochrome divided very
near the pointed end of the sporidium.

On dead leaves of Quercus denstfiora, California (Harkness).

L. polystigma, (E. & E.)

Sphcerdla {LcBstadid) poly stigma, H. & E. Bull. Tofr. Bot. Club, X, p 117.
Lczstadia poly stigma, Sacc. Syll. 6371, Cke. Syn. 5203
Kxsiec. Ell. N. A. F. 1353.

33

258

Perithecia scattered thickly over the lower surface of the leaf,
sul (hemispherical, 120-150 tx diam., covered by the blackened cuticle,
finally collapsing. Ostiolum papilliform, at length perforated. Asci
oblong, sessile, 35-40 x 8 /i, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-ellip-
tical, continuous, saibhyaliner l(M2x3-4/i, in shape very much like
apple seeds.

On fallen leaves of Quercus coccinea, Ohio and New Jersey.

L. Leucothoes, (Cke.)

Sphczrella leucothoes, Cke. Journ . Bot. 1883.
Lastadia Leucothoes, Sacc. Syll. 6009, Cke. Syn. 5247.
Exsicc. Rav, F. Am. 687.

Epiphyllous. Spots whitish, suborbicular, confluent, with a red
margin. Perithecia very small, immersed, with the punctifbrm ostiola
emergent, black. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia elliptical con-
tinuous, hyaline, 13-1 5 x4| p.

On leaves of Leucothoe, South Carolina.

L. isculi, Pk. 39th Rep. p. 51.

Perithecia small (150 /i), lenticular, covered by the epidermis,
erumpent, opening by a minute pore, black. Asci subclavate. Spo-
ridia crowded, subelliptical, colorless, 8§-10x5-6| ii.

On fallen petioles of horse chestnut, Albany, N. Y.

(Immature Sphmrella petiolicola) f

L. nematodes, (B. & C.)

Sphcerella hcematodes, B. & C. in Herb. Berk. (Cke. in Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 70)
Lczstadia hcematodes, Cke. Syn. 5245.

Epiphyllous. Spots orbicular, scattered or confluent, dark red.
broadly margined. Perithecia very small, black, semiinnate, puncti-
fbrm. Asci cylindric-clavate. Sporidia narrow-elliptical, continuous,
hyaline, 8-10 x 2| /i.

On Kalmia glauca, United States.

Cooke in Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 70, says. " Very similar externally
to Sphcerella colorata, but asci and sporidia are little more than half
as long and sporidia not septate as far as seen, but immature, as they
failed to leave the asci.''

L. stigmatodes, (B. & C.)

SphcereJla stigmatodes, B
Iuestadia stigmatodes, Sa

Perithecia scattered, punctiform. (resembling S. pitnctiformix).

Sphcerella stigmatodes, B. & C (Cooke in Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 68).
Iezstadia stigmatodes, Sacc. Syll. 5999, Cke. Syn. 5179.

259

Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia narrowly elliptical, obtuse, con-
tinuous, hyaline, 8-10x2-2± ft.
On leaves, Maine.

L. castanicola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious on indefinite, pale spots; mostly hypophyl-
lons, erumpent, depressed-hemispherical, black, pierced above, 200-
250 ft diam. Asci clavate, p. sp. 60 xlO /i, aparaphysate, subsessilc.
Sporidia biseriate above, uniseriate below, inequilaterally elliptical,
hyaline, continuous, 10-12x5-6 ft.

On decaying chestnut leaves still hanging on twigs broken off
last fall, Newfield, N. J., April, 1891.

Differs from L. echinophila, (Schw.), in its foliieolous growth and
larger asci and sporidia.

L. rubescens, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia densely gregarious on pale spots on the upper side of
the leaf, minute (75-80 //), buried in the parenchyma of the leaf, but
visible through the raised epidermis, perforated above. The pale
spots in some of the specc. finally assume a reddish hue. Asci cylin-
drical, about 40 x 6 /£, sessile. Sporidia uniseriate, closely packed,
inequilaterally elliptical, hyaline, continuous. 5-6 xS^-A/t.

On decaying chestnut leaves with L. castanicola, from which it
differs in its smaller, more densely gregarious, epiphyllous perithecia
and smaller sporidia.

L. Magnoliae, (Schw.)

Spharia Magnolia, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1808.
Lastadia Magnolia, Sacc. Syll. 6004, Cke, Syn. 5230.
Sphcerella Magnolia, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX. p. 74?
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 800.

Perithecia aggregated in orbicular or variously shaped groups,
finally confluent and occupying the whole lower surface of the leaf,
punctiform, covered, flattened, astomous, rising with the epidermis, at
length collapsing, black, but with the disk whitening out. Makes the
upper surface of the leaf bullate. Asci sublanwolate. Sporidia
biseriate, clavate-oblong, hyaline, 7x2| jk.

On leaves of Magnolia glauca, Kaign's Point and Newfield, X. J,
There is no spec, of this species in Herb. Schw., so that we can
not be sure that the specc. in N. A. F. are the S-. Magnolim, Schw.

L. fraxinicola, (Curtis & Pk.)

Depatea fraxinicola, C. & P. in Peck's 23d Rep. p. 64
Juestadia fraxinicola, Saec. Syll. 1626, Cke. Syn. 5234

260

" S})ots arid, suborbicular, some times with a brownish border,
i -| an inch diam. Peritheeia black, those well developed are con-
cave above with a slight elevation in the center. Asci subfusifonn,
4-8-spored, spores densely packed in the asci, oblong, or narrow-ellip-
tical, having a little nucleus near each end, 12-15x4 6 /i, about
\ as long as wide."

On leaves of Fraxinus Americana, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

Apparently different from Sphcerella fraxinicola, (Schw.)

L. spinicola, (E. & E.)

Sphcerella spinicola, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 231.

Peritheeia scattered or 3-4 together, minute 110-120 /i, collaps-
ing, visible through the translucent epidermis as minute black specks.
fringed around the base with scanty mycelium. Ostiolum papilliform.
Asci oblong, sessile, 45x12 /i (p. sp.) Sporidia biseriate, oblong-ellip-
tical, continuous, granular, rounded at the ends, 12-15 x 5-6 /i.

( )n spines of Rosa rubiginosa, West Chester, Pa.
B. On leaves and stents of dicotyledonous, herbaceous plants.

L. cinerascens, (Schw.)

Sphceria cinerascens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1795.

Sphcerella cinerascens, Cke. in Journ. Bot. 1883.

Lcestadia cinerascens, in Cooke's Syn. Grev. 18, p. 65 {5227).

Spots amphigenous, very large, irregular and indeterminate.
cinereous below, black above. Peritheeia innumerable, crowded on
the spots, very small, black, innate, subacuminate, astomous or at
length perforated, scattered or collected and arranged so .as to repre-
sent various engraved or sculptured figures. Asci clavate. Sporidia
narrow-elliptical, hyaline, 8x2J /Jt.

On leaves of Asclepias syriaca, Bethlehem, Pa.

L. Apocyni, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. 1. c.

Peritheeia gregarious, depressed-spherical, 150-200 fi diam., per-
forated above, covered by the cuticle through which they are visible
l>\- translucence. Asci clavate-eylindrical, 40-50 x 10-12 p.. Sporidia
rrowded-biseriate, oblong, 2- nucleate, obtuse, mostly a little curved,
10-15 x 5-6 (i.

On dead stems of Apocynum, London, Canada (Dearness).

L. depressa. (Pk.)

Sphcerella depressa, Pk. 33d Rep. p. 34, (not Sphcerella depressa, Cke. Journ. Bot.
1883, Physalospora depressa, Sacc. Syll. 1709).

Peritheeia numerous, minute, depressed, or even concave when

261

dry, black. Asci oblong-clavate. Sporidia Bimple, oblong-elliptical
or subfusiform, hyaline, 12-15 /i long.

On dead stems of Mulgedium, Center, N. Y.

The perithecia are slightly papillate and are so much depressed
that they resemble a minute Peziza.

L. C6ptis, (Schw.).

Sphtzria Coptis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1783.

SphcEvella Coptis, Farlow Cryp. PI. of the White Mts. p. 247.
Kxsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2358.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, never denuded,
convex, depressed, black, rugose, umbilicate by collapsion, often form-
ing rather distinct whitish or yellowish spots on the leaves. Asci
38-53 x7£-8| fi. Sporidia inordinate, hyaline or with numerous
granules, navicular, sometimes curved, 15-20 xl±-2| ji.

On leaves of Coptis trifolia, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and
New York.

L. Epilobii, (Wallr.)

Sphceria Epilobii, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II, p. 771.
Sphczrella Epilobii, Awd. Myeol. Eur. Pyr. p. 14, fig. 59.
Lccstadia Epilobii, Sacc. Syll. 1645, Cke. Syn. 5265.

Perithecia thickly scattered, adnate with the epidermis, lens-
shaped, when dry collapsing to concave, perforated above, black, 130-
140 fi diam. Asci fasciculate, clavate, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 45-50
x 10 fi. Sporidia imperfectly biseriate, elliptic-oblong, attenuated
toward each end but not acute, inequilateral, one-celled, hyaline, 13-
17x3-4//.

On dead stems of Epilobium angustifoliwn, Greenland.

L. circumtegens, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 547.

Perithecia densely gregarious, lens-shaped, perforated above.
Asci cylindric-clavate, curved, 40-42 x 10 //, 8-spored. Sporidia fusoid-
oblong, guttulate, 12-14 x 3-5 ji.

On dry stems of Draba hirta and Erlyeron uniflorus, which
are thickly covered their whole length, by the perithecia. Green land
(Rostrup.)

L. arctica, Rostr. 1. c.

Perithecia minute, scattered, depressed-sphaeroid, Asci obliquely
oblong-ovate, 45-65x14-16 /i. Sporidia fusoid-oblong. hyaline,
mostly 2-nucleate, 20-25 x5-6 (jl.

On leaves of Helianthus peploides, Godhavn. Greenland.

262

L. Archangelicae, Rostr. 1. e.

Spots elliptical, large, 1-2 cm. diam., cinereous. Perithecia nu-
merous, densely gregarious, depressed-sphaeroid, when dry collapsing
to cup-shaped, black, glabrous. Asci ovate-cylindrical, 8-spored, 32-
38 x 6-8 /Ji. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-elongate, 2-3-nucleate, 14—18
x 2-3 (i hyaline.

On dry steins of Archangelica officinalis, Greenland.

L. caryophyllea. (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphcerella caryophyllea, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 9.
La-stadia caryophyllea. Sacc. Syll. 6375, Cke. Syn. 5220.

Perithecia minute, punctiform, densely gregarious, very black,
convex, emergent. Asci obclavate, 8-spored, sessile. Sporidia ob-
tusely lanceolate, biseriate, continuous, hyaline, 20x7| fi.

On stems of Dianthus, California.

L. asarifolia, (Cke.)

Sphcerella asarifolia, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 138.
Lcestadia asarifolia, Sacc. Syll. 6012, Cke. Syn. 5252.

Kpiphyllous. Spots orbicular and confluent, fuliginous. Peri-
thecia small, globose, black, perforated, crowded, circinnately arranged.
Asci subcylindrical, 30 /i long. Sporidia elliptical, continuous, hya-
line, 7 x 2| fi.

On leaves of Asarum arifolium, South Carolina,

On monocolyledonow* plants, dec.
L. juniperina, (Ell.)

'Spharella juniper ina, Kll. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 317.
Lcestadia juniperina, Sacc. Syll. 6008, Cke. Syn. 5254.

Perithecia at first covered by the cuticle, soon erumpent. scattered
or oftener subconfluent in the direction of the longer axis of the leaf-
two or three together, appearing then like a minute Hysterium. Asci
fasciculate, 35-40 x 7-8 ta. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, clavate-
oblong, granular, (becoming uniseptate)? hyaline 8-10x2J-3| fj..
The single perithecia are conic-globose, perforated above, and about
75 [± diam.

On dead leaves of Juniper** Vinjiniana, Iowa. Found also by
Karsten, in Finland.

L. Bidwellik (Ell.)

Sphcerella Bidiuellii, Kll. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VII, p. 90,
Physalospora Bidivellii, Sacc. Syll. 1690.

Perithecia minute, globose, covered by the epidermis, finally sub-

263

erumpent, perforated above. Asei clavate-cylindrical, obtuse, 60-70x
10-13 /i, without paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical or oblong,
continuous, 12-17 x4|-5 p, granular, hyaline.

On dried up grapes, with Phoma uvicola, B. Ar C, common.

L. graminicola, Rostr. 1. c. p. 548.

Perithecia very minute and abundant, gregarious, arranged in
parallel lines. Asci fasciculate, oblong-clavate, commonly with a thick
membrane, 35-45x12-14 fi. Sporidia fusoid-oblong, one-celled. 12-
14x4//.

On culms and dry sheaths of Colpodium lattfolium and Agrostis
rubra, Greenland.

L. echinophila, (Schw.)

Sphceria echinophila, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1755.
Sphceria echinophila , Ces. Unio Ital. Crypt, No. XXI
Sphcerella echinophila, Awd. Myc. Eur. Pyr. p. 3. fig. 103.
Lcestadia echinophila, Sacc. Syll. 1614.
Exsicc EH. N. A. F. 758.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, equaling or exceeding the diam-
eter of the spine on which they grow, depressed-globose, glabrous,
black, papillate and finally perforated. Asci clavate-cylindrical, ses-
sile, 8-spored, 27x4 [jl. Sporidia biseriate. cylindrie-oblong, ends
rounded, scarcely crowded, continuous, 4xl| /i (4x 1 //, Sacc.)

On spines of old chestnut burrs. Pennsylvania and New Jersey,
and probably wherever the chestnut tree is found.

The species described in Sacc. Syll. I, p. 425, is evidently the
same as that described by Schweinitz, to whom the species should be
credited, and not to Cesati or Auerswald.

Species not well known and therefore doubtful.
L. ? briinnea, (B. & C.)

Depazea brunnea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 155.
Lcestadia brunnea, Sacc. Syll. 1636, Cke. Syn. 5256.

Spots dark brown, orbicular, about \ of an inch across. Asci
clavate. Sporidia biseriate, narrow, fusiform, sometimes slightly
curved, 4-nucleate.

On leaves of Acer rubrum, South Carolina.

L. glaucescens, Cke. Grev. XVIII, p. 65.

Sphcerella glaucescens, Cke. Grev. VII. p. 54.
Lcestadia glaucescens, Sacc. Syll. 1637, Cke. Syn. 5257.
Exsicc. Raw F. Am. 381.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia semiimmersed, crowded on orbicular

264

spots, very small. Asci clavate, 30 x 10 //. Sporidia elliptical, 6 x 3//.
On leaves of Acer rubrum, South Carolina.

L. Cucurbitacearum, (Schw.)

Sphceria Cucurbitacearum, Schw. Syll. N. Am. 1699.

Sphcerella Cucurbitacearum , Cke. 1. c.

Lcestadia Cucurbitacearum, Sacc. Syll. 6014, Cke. Syn. 5269.

Perithecia emersed-innate, hemispherical, smooth, very minute,
shining, membranaceous, covered by the epidermis. Asci clavate,
short. Sporidia elliptical, continuous, hyaline. 7| x 3 p..

On gourds, Bethlehem, Pa.

The specimen in Herb. Schw. is without fruit, immature or sterile.

L. Polvgonati, (Schw.)

Spharia Polygonal/, Schw. Syu. N. Am. 1793.

Sphcrrella Polygonati, Cke. 1. c.

Lcrstadia Polygonati, Sacc. Syll. 6010, Cke. Syn. 5251.

Perithecia scattered, innate, prominent on both sides of the leaf.
hemispherical, astomous, black, nucleus white, without any fibrous
subiculum.

On Polygonatum, Bethlehem, Pa

SPH J1RELLA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema di Cassif. Sferiacei, p. 62.

Perithecia thin-membranaeeous, globose-lenticular, covered by
the epidermis, or suberumpent. Ostiolum impressed or short-pa pilli-
form, perforated. Asci without paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia ellip-
tical or oblong, 2-eelled, hyaline or subhyaline. Spermogonia and
conidia of many species known. An extensive genus. Perithecia
small, punctiform, generally foliicolous, rarely on twigs and fruit.

A. Parasitic on leave* <>f dicotyledonous trees and shrubs.
S. aquatica. Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 106.

Exsicc. Kav. F. Am. 690.

Perithecia hypophyllous, globose, dark brown, densely crowded
on orbicular spots, at first covered by the cuticle, then emergent.
Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia elongated-elliptical, nniseptate, hya-
line, 20 x 4 p.

On leaves of Quervus aquatica, Dariea, Ga.

I

265

S. punctiformis, (Pers.)

Sphceria punctiformis, Pers. Syn. p. 90.

Sphceria sparsa, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II, p. 772.

Sph&ria insularis, Wallr. 1. c. p. 814.

Sphceria per exigua, I,ev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, torn. IX, p. 144.

Sphceria acerina, Fckl. and Sphceria salicicola, Fckl. F. Rh. 845 and 836.

Sphceria Artocreas, Rab. in Kl-Rab. Herb. Myc. Fd. I, p. 360.

Sphcerella punctiformis, var. perexigua, Rab. Herb. Myc. Fd. II, p. 264.

Sphcerella maculcefor?nis, Cke. Journ. Bot. Aug. 1866.

Sphcerella acerina, Fckl. Symb. p. 99.

Sphcerella corylaria, Fckl. 1. c.

Sphcerella sparsa, paraneura, amphigena, cequalis, Awd. Myc. Eur. V, VI, Heft.

figs. 27, 39, 48.
Sphcerella punctiformis, Sacc. Syll. 1819, Cke. Syn. 5307.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 822, 836, 845, 847. — Rab. Herb. Mycol. 264.— id. F. F. 2441, 2945, 2548,
Kze. F. Sel. 243.— Thum M. U. 264, 348.— M. March, 156.

Peritliecia innate-punetiform, smooth, subshining, black, promi-
nent, umbilicate by collapsion, perforated above, 60-120 jjl diam.
Asci clavate-cyiindrical, subsessile, attenuated below, 28-45x7-9 p.
Sporidia biseriate or obliquely uniseriate, obovate-oblong, uniseptate
and constricted, 6-9 x2-3| fi. hyaline, lower cell more acute.

On the lower surface of leaves of Quercus. more rarely Castanea,
F'agus, ^Esculus, Carya, Cornus and some others, common.

The synonymy is from Winter's Pilze.

S. maculiformis, (Pers.)

Sphceria maculiformis, Pers. Syn. p. 90.
Sphceria acerina, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. II, p. 770.

Sphcerella oblivia, arcana and simulans, Cke. in Journ. Bot. Aug. 1866.
Sphcerella maculiformis, Awd. Myc. Fur. Pyr. V, p. 5.
Fxsicc. Kze. F. Sel. 244.— Rab. F. F. 1219, &c, &c— FH. N. A. F. 1349.

Peritliecia hypophyllous, thickly gregarious, forming small, black,
angular spots \-\ mm. across, and limited by the nerves of the leaf,
innate-prominent, punctiform, globose, 70-80 ju broad, black and luster-
less, pierced above. Asci clavate-cyiindrical, sessile, 50-60 x 7-8 p.
Sporidia biseriate, obovate-oblong, uniseptate, more or less constricted
at the septum, hyaline, 9-14 x 3-4 fi (or sometimes only 2 [i wide).

On leaves of Quercus, Castanea, Fraxinus, ^Jsculus and other
deciduous trees, common.

Winter (in Die Pilze, p. 383) remarks that this species is usually
gathered in the autumn, while the perithecia are still immature, so
that the specimens in the various Exsiccati are, for the most part, un-
reliable.

S. Grrossularise, (Fr.)

Sphceria Grossularice, Fr. S. M. II, p. 521.

Sphcerella Grossularice, Awd. Syn. Pyr. Fur. p. 11, tab. IV, fig. 44.
Fxsicc. M. March, 2525.

Peritliecia hypophyllous, gregarious or nearly evenly scattered
34

266

over the lower surface of the leaf, globose, perforated above, 80-100 /jl
cliam., covered by the epidermis, but distinctly prominent. Asci
oblong-clavate, sessile or nearly so, 45-60 x 8-10 jul (8-spored)? Spo-
ridia crowded, 2-3-seriate, fusoid, slightly curved, 18-22 x 2|-3 fx,
(26 x 3 a, Winter; 26-35 x 3-4 /i, Saccardo).

On fallen leaves of Mibes nigrum, Ames, Iowa (Pammel).

The Iowa specc. were immature, but apparently this species.
The measurements of asci and sporidia are from spec, in Sydow's M.
Marchica.

S. Ravenelii, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.

Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 384.

Perithecia hypophyllous, occupying the whole lower surface of
the leaf, very small, scarcely visible, brown. Asci clavate. Sporidia
elliptical, uniseptate, slightly thickened above, 8x4//.

On oak leaves, Aiken, South Carolina.

S. Ailanthi, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 146.

Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 377.

Gregarious. Perithecia crowded in irregular spots, dark brown ,
small. Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, 6x3 //.
On leaves of Ailanthus, Aiken, South Carolina.

S. ilicella, Cke. Grev. VIII, p. 119.

Perithecia epiphyllous, punctiform, black, scattered on orbicular
white spots. Asci clavate. Sporidia fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate, con-
stricted, 20 x 6 ti, cells binucleate.

On leaves of Ilex opaca, New York State (Gerard).

S. Ilicis, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 317.

Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1351.

Amphigenous. Spots round, 3-4 mm. diam., white above, with a
raised, purple margin, reddish-brown below. Perithecia punctiform,
black, ovate-globose, semiimmersed, often collapsing above. Asci
oblong-cylindrical, 40-55x7 §-11 li. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-ob-
long, subhyaline, uniseptate, slightly constricted, 13-15x3 ll.

On leaves of Ilex glabra, Newfield, N.J.

We have not seen S. ilicella, Cke., but the Newfield specimens
seem distinct in their smaller sporidia and amphigenous growth.

S. pardalota, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 16, tab, 96, fig. 23.

Fxsicc. Fll. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2136.

Perithecia minute, globose, black, semiimmersed, crowded in

2B7

irregular patches limited by the veinlets of the leaf. Asci cylindrical
or clavate-cylindrical, 40 x 6 ft. Sporidia biseriate, narrow-elliptical,
uniseptate, 8x3-3| /*.

On leaves of Myrica cerifera, N. Jersey.

S. incanescens, (Schw.)

Sphceria incanescens, Schw. Syn. N. Am, 1796.

Spharella, incanescens, Cke. in Journ. Bot. March, 1883, p. 107.

Spots becoming hoary, broadly effused, indeterminate, appearing
as if covered with frost. Perithecia punctiform, subglobose, very mi-
nute, black, often appearing as if truncate or collapsed. Asci cylindri-
cal. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, 8x3//.

On Tilia Americana. Pennsylvania (Schw.)

S. populifolia, Cke. 1. c. p. 197.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 689.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia innate-prominent, punctiform, globose,
black, subconfluent-aggregated, 3-6 together, in numerous, small, black,
subangular groups, or also scattered. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia sab-
lanceolate, uniseptate, hyaline, 16-18 x3|-4 a.

On leaves of Populus angulata, South Carolina.

In our copy of Rav. F. Am., the specimen shows no fruit.

S. orbicularis, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 81.

Perithecia minute, innate, covered by the epidermis, which is at
length pierced or ruptured, occupying distinct or subconfluent, brown-
ish spots. Asci subcylindrical. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, colored.
10-13 n long.

On the upper surface of fallen poplar leaves. Center and North
Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck).

The spots on the leaves resemble those of Venturia orbicularis on
oak leaves. Sometimes the epidermis peels off revealing the perithe-
cia beneath. These are often more numerous near the margin of the
spot.

S. Wistaria?, Cke. Grew VII, p. 54.

Punctiform. scattered. Perithecia semiininiersed, black, very
small. Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, 8 x 3 /x.
On leaves of Wistaria, South Carolina (Ravenel).

S. fraxinea, Pk. 35th Rep. p. 145.

Perithecia numerous, minute (75 /«), black, amphigenous, gener-
ally collected in groups forming sulx>rbicular spots. Asci oblong.

268

often slightly narrowed above, 35-40 p long. Sporidia crowded,
oblong-ovate, nniseptate, colorless, 10-12 x 4-5 /x, divided by the n-p-
turn into two very unequal parts, the smaller part \-\ the length of
the larger.

On fallen leaves of Fraximis Americana, Helderberg Mts.,
New York.

Whether this is really specifically distinct from S. ejfigumta ;
Schw., is doubtful, but we have no authentic specc. of this latter
species. Specimens of S. fraxinea, Pk., in our Herb, certainly agree
well with Schweinitz' description of his S. effigurata.

S. effigurata, (Schw.)

Sphceria effigurata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1790.
Spheerella effigurata, Ckt. Journ. Bot. 1883.

Spots widely effused, dark cinereous, determinate, often occupy-
ing the entire lower surface of the leaf, and appearing as if bounded
by a black line, on account of the perithecia being more crowded
around the margin. Perithecia very numerous, minute, crowded on
the spots, subinnate, subconvex, black, much crowded, so as to form,
as it were, a black, cinereous crust. Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical,
nniseptate, scarcely constricted, hyaline, 15x4 /x.

On leaves of Fraxinus acuminata, Bethlehem, Pa. Sec. Schw.
not found on any other species of ash.

S. fraxinicola, (Schw.)

Sphczria fraxicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1787.
Sphcerella fraxinicola, Cooke Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 107.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia subinnate, black, at length rimose-
dehiscent, subconnate, forming small, black, subconfluent patches.
Asci clavate, short. Sporidia irregularly arranged, subelliptical, nni-
septate, hyaline, lower cell narrower 7|x3 /x.

On ash leaves, Pennsylvania (Schweinitz), Georgia (Ravenel).
Often sterile.

S. Fraxird, Niessl, has the same external appearance as this:
the sporidia, however, are given as 26-28 x 4 /x, but in the specc. in
Linhart's Fungi Hungariei, 162, and Rab- Winter F. Eur. 3255, they
are 20-22 x 3 /x, and specc. from France (F. Fautrey) have sporidia
only 15-17 x2|-4 /x. The asci in all these are 40-60 x 7-9 /*, with
the sporidia crowded-biseriate. S. fraxinicola, (Schw.), (sec. Cke.)
has sporidia only 7J x 3 /x, and if so, the two can hardly be the same
species.

S. Asiminae, E. & K. (in Herb.)

Perithecia on pale yellowish-white spots 1 cm. diam., scattered,

convex, suberumpent, pierced above, 75 it, diam., black. Asci oblong,
rather broader below, sessile, 24-27 x 12 p.. Sporidia biseriate, short-
fnsoid, subobtuse, slightly curved, uniseptate, hyaline, about 12 x 3j p\
slightly constricted.

On living leaves of Asimina triloba, Ohio (Kellerman).

S. Opiintise, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 97.

Perithecia gregarious, 100-112 p diam., in patches 2-10 nun.
across. Ostiola ernmpent, globose, imperfectly quadrisulcate-cleft.
Asci oblong-cylindrical, 60x8-9 ft, sessile, without paraphyses. Spo-
ridia biseriate, clavate-fusoid, uniseptate, slightly bent at the septum,
nucleate, yellowish, 20-22 x 3± [x. Remarkable for its peculiar ostiola.

On dead leaves of Op untia, Louisiana (Langlois).

S. rosigena, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 45.

Maculicolous. Spots amphigenous, reddish-brown, with a purplish
border, definite, 3-4 mm. diam. Perithecia epiphyllous, thickly scat-
tered over the spots, minute (60-75 ft), partly ernmpent, subastomous,
black. Asci subclavate-oblong, 25-30x8-10 ft. Sporidia biseriate.
clavate-oblong, hyaline, uniseptate, 10-12 x 2 ft, ends subacute. Not
to be confounded with Lmstadia Rosce, Auersw.

On living leaves of cultivated roses, Louisiana (Langlois).

S. oleina, Cke. Journ. Bot, 1883, p. 107.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 754.

Epiphyllous. Spots white, suborbicular, 2-3 mm. diam., with a
reddish margin, sometimes confluent. Perithecia depressed, 75-80 ft
diam., perforated above, often 2-3-confluent, subcircinnate, with a slight
mycelial fringe around the base. Asci clavate-cylinclrical, 25-30 x 6 ft.
Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-elliptical, 12x4/^. Spermogonium Phyl-
losticta oleina, Cke.

On leaves of Olea Americana, Aiken, South Carolina.

The measurements of perithecia and asci were taken from speec.
in Rav. F. Am.

S. staphylina, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 128.

Maculicolous. Spots amphigenous, irregular, often narrow and
elongated, mostly few on a leaf, 2-4 mm. or sometimes 1-1 { cm. diam.,
and occasionally occupying an entire half of the leaf, causing the
affected part to dry up and fall away. Perithecia minute, visible on
both sides, sublenticular and subastomous, membranaceous, black,

270

75-100 /i diam. Asci oblong, sessile, 40-60x12 /i, without par-
aphyses. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong-elliptical, subinequilat-
eral, uniseptate and constricted, yellowish-hyaline, 12-15 x5/z; accom-
panied by a Macrosporium and by smaller stylosporiferous perithecia
containing elliptical, subfuscous, continuous sporules about 5x2§ /x.
On living leaves of Staphylea, Kansas.

S. exiitans, Cke. Texas Fungi, No. 141.

Spots minute, dark brown. Perithecia few, immersed, at length
casting off the cuticle above them in little operculoid disks. Asci
clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia elongated-elliptical, unequally unisep-
tate, hyaline, 12x4/2.

On the upper surface of leaves of Persea Carolinensis, Texas.

Our specc. of this species from Ravenel are sterile or immature.

S. cerasina, Cke. Grew VII, p. 54.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 794.

" Hypophyllous. Perithecia semiimmersed, black, crowded in
suborbicular patches. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia narrow-elliptical,
uniseptate, 10x2| pj*

On leaves of Primus Lauro-cerasus, Carolina.

The specimens sent by Ravenel and issued in N. A. F. 794, seem
to be immature, and show no asci, though there are plenty of oblong,
12 x 2 1 /jl spores (stylospores)? The perithecia are 100 p diam., scat-
tered and amphigenous.

S. platanif'olia, Cke. 1. c. p. 106.

F,xsicc. Rav. F. Am. 756.

Hypophyllous, scattered. Perithecia small (70-80 p), black, glo-
bose, perforated, semiimmersed. Asci oblong-cylindrical ("clavate,"
Cke.), sessile, 22-25 x 6 //. Sporidia biseriate, hyaline, oblong-clavate,
6-7 x 2 J p (*' subelliptical, 8x4 p," Cke.)

On leaves of Platanus occidentalism Georgia.

S. Platani, E. & M. Am. Nat. Jan. 1885, p. 77.

On round (2-4 mm.), reddish-brown spots with a narrow, dark,
slightly raised border. Perithecia epiphyllous, innate-erumpent, 90-
120 p diam. Asci oblong, 8-spored, 40-60 x 12-15 /*, nearly sessile.
Sporidia biseriate, subhyaline, ovate-oblong, uniseptate and constricted,
nucleate, 14-16x4-6 p. Quite distinct from S. platanifolia, Cke.
There is a Phyllosticta on the same spots. Perithecia 100 p diam.
Sporules oblong-elliptical, 5-6x2|-3 p.

On living leaves of Platanus occidentalis, Kansas (Kellerman).

271

S. Liriodendri, Cke. 1. c.

Epiphyllous. Spots orbicular, brown, 1 cm. diam. Perithecia
subinnate, punctiform, black. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia
elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, 16x5 p. Sperm ogonium, Phyllosticta
Liriodendri, Cke.

On leaves of Liriodendron, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

S. cornifolia, (Schw.)

SphcBria Corni, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1792.
Sphcerella cornifolia, Cke. 1. c.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 688.

Hypophyllous, forming large, orbicular, indeterminate spots, after
the manner of S. effigurata. On these spots are densely crowded,
compact clusters of 3-4 punctiform perithecia, not connected by any
crust, but thickly scattered over the spots. The perithecia themselves
are astomous, innate, with the surface punctate. Asci clavate, short.
Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate, 5x2//.

On leaves of Cornusflorida, Mt. Pocono, Pa. (Schweinitz).

S. lenticula, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 107.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 800.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia globose, black, densely crowded in
elevated lenticular pustules about 1 mm diam. Asci short-clavate,
22-25 x 8-10 p.. Sporidia irregularly biseriate 8-9 x 3| //, clavate-
oblong (" elliptical," Cke.)

On leaves of Cerasus Caroliniana, South Carolina (Ravenel).

The asci we should call ovate-oblong.

S. dendroides, (Schw.)

Sphceria dendroides, Schw. Syn. Car. 221.
Sphcerella dendroides, Cooke, 1. c. p. 108.

Epiphyllous, aggregated, astomous, forming very large, cinereous,
dendroid spots. Perithecia black, erumpent. Asci saccate, or broad-
clavate. Sporidia lanceolate, uniseptate, hyaline, lower cell a little
narrower, slightly constricted, 24-25x4 //.

On leaves of Carya, Carolina.

S. Prini, Cke. 1. c. p. 106.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 753.

Epiphyllous. Scattered or occupying the whole surface of the
leaf. Perithecia semiinnate, subprominent, black. Asci clavate, ses-

272

sile. Sporidia narrow-elliptical, obtuse at the ends, mriseptate, hyaline
5 x 1 J a.

On leaves of Prinos glaber, South Carolina.

The spece. in our copy of Raw F. Am. are sterile.

S. Gardenia?, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 108.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia scattered, punctiform, semiinnate,
black. Asci clavate. Sporidia inordinate, elongated-elliptical, ani-
septate, hyaline, 12 x 3£ fi. Spermogonium, Phyllosticta Gardenias
Cke.

On leaves of Gardenia florida, South Carolina.

S. (fordonise, Cke. 1. c.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia scattered, covered, scarcely visible.
Asci subclavate. Sporidia inordinate, elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline,
1 0 x 4 /jl, scarcely constricted.

On leaves of Gordonia lasianthus, Darien, Ga.

Inadvertently published in Rav. F. Am. No. 799 under the name
of Sphcerella Gardenim on Gardenia instead of Sphmrella Gordo-
aim, on Gordonia.

S. Nigredo, (Schw.)

Sphceria Nigredo, Schw. Syu. N. Am. 1799.
Sphcerella Nigredo, Cke. 1. c. p. 109.

Hypophyllous, scarcely innate, aggregated or solitary. When
aggregated, the perithecia are often covered with a pulverulent-
cinereous crust arising from the parenchyma of the leaf. Perithecia
comparatively large, rugose, papillate, subperforated. Asci clavate.
Sporidia sublanceolate, uniseptate, hyaline, cells subcorneal, 8-10x3 a.

On leaves of Phus glabra, Bethlehem, Pa. Allied to S. maculi-
for mis.

S. hypericina, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 74,

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 797.

Amphigenous. Perithecia minute, erumpent in little clusters of
two to six. Asci -oblong, 25-30 x 4-5 a. Sporidia crowded, clavate-
oblong, uniseptate, slightly curved, yellowish-hyaline, 10-11 x2| /1.

On fallen leaves of Hypericum prolificum, Newfielcl, N. J.

S. arbuticola, Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 75 (July, 1883).

Sphcerella Umbellnlarice, Cke. & Hark. Grew XIII, p. 21 (1884).
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1682.

Maculicolous. Spots suborbicular, olackish or subcinereous.

273

i

brown below. Perithecia minute, black, epiphyllous, scattered or
collected in small groups, piercing the whitened epidermis. Asci ob-
long, somewhat narrowed above, 42-125 // long. Sporidia crowded,
narrow, hyaline, uniseptate, 12-15 x3| //.

On dead leaves of Arbutus Menziesii and Umbellularia, Cali-
fornia.

S. cercidicola, E. & K. Bull. Ton-. Bot. Club, XI, p. 123.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, 100 // diam., mostly on the upper
side of the leaves, at length broadly perforated above. Asci oblong-
cylindrical, 35 x 5 fi. Sporidia closely packed, overlapping and sub-
biseriate, oblong-pyriform, uniseptate, 11-13 x 2|-3 //, slightly curved
and constricted.

On fallen leaves of Cercis Canadensis, Kansas.

This seems distinct from S. Gercidis, Pass, in its smaller sporidia.

S. nyssaecola, Cke. Hedw. 1868, p. 40, and Journ. Bot. March, 1883.

(sec. Cke.) Asterina erysiphoides, B. & C. in Herb. Berk., at least in part.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 96.

Hypophyllous. Perithecia very numerous, semiimmersed, brown,
punctiform. Asci clavate, 20-25 pt long. Sporidia uniseptate, 8x2J (i.
On leaves of Nyssa multiflora, Carolina and Florida.

S. minutissima, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 68.

Perithecia very numerous, occupying the whole lower surface of
the leaf, very minute, 50-55 //. diam., veiled by the epidermis, black.
Asci oblong or slightly narrowed towards the apex, 40-50 x 8-10 y..
Sporidia crowded, oblong, straight, obscurely-septate in the middle,
15-171x4//.

On dead leaves of Alnus incana, Adirondack Mts., N. Y.

The perithecia are scarcely visible to the naked eye. The affect-
ed leaves remain on the branches all winter.

S. alnicola, Pk. 1. c.

Perithecia small (80-105 /*), hypophyllous, clustered or scattered,
naked, black. Asci oblong or subclavate, 50-62 x 13-15 //. Sporidia
crowded, lanceolate, uniseptate, often slightly curved, 23-28 x 4| ft.

On dead leaves of Alnus viridis, Mt. Marcy, N. Y.

The sporidia are narrowed towards one end and septate in the
middle.

S. polifolia, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 231.

Perithecia epiphyllous on grayish -black, indefinite spots 2 mm. or
35

274

more diaui., erumpent, rough, minute, broadly pierced above. Asci
oblong, 35-40x6-8 ju, without paraphyses Sporidia biseriate, cla-
vate-oblong, uniseptate, 10-12 x 2|-3 p..

On living or partly dead leaves of Andromeda polifolia, London,
Canada (J. Dearness).

S. Maclurae, E. & E. I. e.

Spots red-brown with a definite, darker border, 3-10 mm. diam.
or by confluence more, very brittle, the central part paler and soon
falling out. Perithecia innate with their vertices erumpent, small
(75 pi). Asci oblong-cylindrical, 50 x 8-10 /i, without paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-pyriform, constricted, slightly curved, 12-
14x5//, ends subacute.

On leaves of Madura aurantiaca, Missouri (Demetrio).

S. quadrangulata, E. & E.

S. Sapindi, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 101.

Perithecia epiphyllous, globose, prominent, § mm. diam., scat-
tered, on roughish, definitely margined, white spots, 3^ mm. diam.
Asci oblong-cylindrical, 60x12 p. Sporidia biseriate, subelliptical
(a little narrower at one end), uniseptate and slightly constricted,
16x4 p. The conidial stage is a Macrosporium on the same spots,
with long, stipitate conidia and slender, septate hyphse.

On Fraxinus quadrangulata, Missouri. This was at first sup-
posed to be on Sapindus.

S. salicicola, (Fr.)

Sphczria salicicola, Fr. S. M. II, p. 530.

Sph<zrella salicicola, Fckl. Syrab. Mycol. p. 106 and Sacc. Rel. Myc. I,ib. Ser. II .
No. 169. tab. XX, fig. 9.

Perithecia epiphyllous, here and there in densely gregarious
groups, covered by the epidermis, globose-depressed, perforated
above. Asci elavate-cylindrical, very short-stipitate, 40-45x5-6 p.
Sporidia clavulate, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline, 6x2//.

On leaves of Salix herbacea, Greenland.

S. macularis, (Fr.)

Sphceria macularis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 502.
Pirostoma maculare, Fr. Surum. Veg. Scand. p. 395.
Sphcerella macularis, Karst. Myc. Fen. II, p. 174.
Sphczrella maculosa, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 487 (sec. Winter).
Kxsicc. Kunze. F. Sel. 245.

Perithecia amphigenous, but mostly hypophyllous, sunk in the
parenchyma of the leaf and seated on a filamentose, brown subiculum

275

which, covered by the shining-gray epidermis, forms indefinitely lim-
ited spots, finally erumpent, gregarious, globose, black, 60-70 y. diam.,
with a small ostiolum. Asci sessile, elongated, inflated below, 8-spored,
50-65 x 11-13 ft. Sporidia biseriate below, uniseriate above, broadly
rounded at the ends, somewhat constricted at the septum, the lower
cell mostly somewhat longer and narrower than the upper one, yel-
lowish-green, 1 1-15 x 3-5| fjt.

On fallen leaves of poplar, Adirondack Mts., New York.

S. pyrina, E. & E, (in Herb.)

Sptuerella sentina, Fr. in EH. N. A. F. 597.

Perithecia suberumpent, scattered or collected in irregular and
indefinitely limited groups, 75-100 p. diam., pierced above, globose,
black. Asci 22-30 x 5-6 fi. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, uni-
septate, yellowish-hyaline, 6-9 x2/i, not constricted.

On fallen pear leaves in the spring of the year, Newfield, N. J.

This cannot be S. sentina (Fr.) which (sec. description and specc.
in Thum. M. U. 1058 and F. Sax. 372) has asci 75 x 10 //, and sporidia
15x5 fj..

S. Sassafras, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 98.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 1683.

Perithecia minute, semiimmersed, scattered over the lower sur-
face of the leaf, or collected in groups, but not on any distinct spots.
Asci subcylindrical, 35 x 5 /*. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical,
uniseptate, 4xlJ-2 //, hyaline.

On fallen leaves of Sassafras, Kansas and New Jersey.

S. septorioides, (Desna.)

SphiEria septorioides , Desm. Ann, Sci. Nat. III. Ser. torn. VI, p. 81.
Spluzrella septorioides, Niessl. in Kunze's F. Sel. 242. Rab. F. E. 1241.

Perithecia very small, innate-erumpent, globose, black, perforated
above, hypophyllous, forming numerous, very small, greenish spots,
which, later on, become larger, suborbicular and olive-brown. Asci
cylindrical, rounded above, narrowed below, 8-spored, 30-35 x 5 /i.
Sporidia subbiseriate, elliptic-oblong, rather narrower below, the upper
cell broader and shorter, scarcely constricted. 8-9 x 2| //.

Peck cites this as found in New York. (On maple leaves) ?

S. spleniata, C. & P. Peck's 25th Rep. p. 105.

Sphcer-ella nigrita, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 13.

Perithecia innate, densely crowded in broad (J-l cm.), black, or

276

bicular patches, globose, black, partly hidden by the tomentum of the
leaf, subprominent. Asci linear, 40-50 x 7 p. Sporidia oblong, hya-
line, uniseptate, 12-15 x 3-4 p.

On fallen leaves of Quercus bicolor, New York, on leaves of Q.
macrocarpa, Manhattan, Ks. (Kellerman).

S. Catesbeyi, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 3S3.

Perithecia hypophyllous, immersed, scattered, often 2-4 together,
covered by the cuticle, at length rimose-erumpent. Sporidia lanceo-
late, uniseptate, 20-22 x4 p.

On leaves of Quercus Catesbeyi, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

S. molleriana, Thihn. Contr. Mycol. Lnsit. No. 537.

Perithecia amphigenous, but mostly hypophyllous, densely grega-
rious, punctiform, conic-subprominent, semiimmersed, shining-black,
minute, on an irregular shaped spot which dries up to a dirty brown,
surrounded with a narrow, darker border. Asci fasciculate, broad -
clavate, narrowed at each end, 30-40 x 12-15 fx, subsessile, 8-spored.
Sporidia 2-3-seriate, fusoid, acute at each end, septate in the middle,
hyaline, 7-9 x 2 J /i.

On leaves of Eucalyptus, California (Harkness).

S. Pitttfspori, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.

Gregarious. Perithecia black, semiimmersed, crowded in an-
gular patches limited by the veinlets of the leaf. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, rounded at the ends, slightly
constricted, 10x4 pt.

On leaves of Pittosporum, Aiken, So. Carolina (Ravenel).

S. Gaultheriae, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 42.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 799.

Epiphyllous. Spots white, orbicular, 2-3 mm. across, with a pur-
ple margin. Perithecia punctiform, circinate, 75-85 /i diam. Asci
clavate, 35-40 x 7-8 p. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, uniseptate,
15-18x4 fi, slightly constricted.

On leaves of Gaultheria procumbeiis, Newfield, N. J.

The sporidia in our specimens are only 12-14 x 3-3 \ f/u

S. Vaccinii, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1866, p. 249.

Sphcsrella Myrtilli, Awd. Mycol. Eur. V, Heft VI, p. 10, fig. 46.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 540.— Rav. F. Am, 376.— F. Sax. 373.— Fungi Gall. 3768.

Perithecia hypophyllous, thickly gregarious, forming gray, angu -

277

lar patches limited by the veinlets of the leaf, spherical, black, per-
forated above, shining, 80-100 fx diam. Asci cylindric-clavate, sessile,
40-50 x 6-7 fi. Sporidia biseriate, cylindric-oblong, obtuse at the
ends, slightly curved, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline, 12-18 x

On leaves of Vaccinium arboreum, Georgia, Florida, New York.
S. Bumelije, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 54.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 375.

Epiphyllous. Perithecia black, semiiminerscd, crowded in sub-
orbicular, dark-colored patches. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia
uniseptate, elliptical, 12x4 /i.

On leaves of Bumelia, Darien, Georgia (Pavenel).

S. myrtillina, Pass. Micr. Ital. diag. No. 3.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, minute, pustuliform, cov-
ered by the blackened epidermis. Asci cylindric-fusoid, straight,
8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, fusiform, straight or curved, mostly
only 2-4-nucleate, but sometimes (when mature) faintly uniseptate in
the middle, hyaline, 18-20 x 3-3 J //.

. On branches of Vaccinium uliginosnm, Kakatsiak, Greenland.

S. colorata, Pk. 29th Rep. p. 62.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 899.

Spots small, round, 2-3 mm. diam., or by confluence more, reddish-
brown and slightly raised, usually with a darker margin. Perithecia
minute, black, epiphyllous. Asci cylindrical or subattenuated above,
45-50 x 7 fi. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, uniseptate, hyaline.
14-18x21 fi.

On leaves of Kalmia angustifolia, New York, New Jersey, and
Delaware.

Depazea kalmicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1812, is probably the
stylosporous stage of this, and seems to include both a Septoria and a
Phyllosticta. The spec, in Herb. Schw. is a Septoria (S. kalmicola.
B. & C, S. Kalmim, C. & E.), while specc. of Depazea kalmicola,
Schw., examined by Cooke (Journ. Bot. 1883) were a Phyllosticta.

S. Acaciae, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 9.

Epiphyllous. Perithecia membranaceous, covered by the epi-
dermis, subgregarious. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, hyaline,
sublanceolate, constricted in the middle, uniseptate, binucleate, 25 x 7 a.

On leaves of Acacia, California.

278

S. annulate, €ke. Grev. VI, p. 146.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 378.

Scattered, immersed. Peritliecia depressed, subannulate. Asci
clavate. Sporidia elliptical, at length uniseptate, 8x3 ti.

On leaves of Magnolia, Aiken, South Carolina (Ravenel).

S. glaiica, Cke. Hedw. 1878, p. 39.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 94.

Epiphyllous. Spots pale with a rose-colored tint, stiborbicular,
margin darker, 2-4 mm. diam. Peritliecia semiimmersed, brown. Asci
clavate. Sporidia short-lanceolate, uniseptate, hyaline, 12-14x4 //.

On leaves of Magnolia glauca, South Carolina (Ravenel).

S. Phellos, (Schw.)

Sphceria Phellos, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1805.
Splicer ella Phellos, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 106.

Peritliecia hypophyllous, collected a few together, in small, scat-
tered clusters, on a grayish- brown spot, penetrating to the opposite
side of the leaf, globose, subprominent, minute, black, perforated. Asci
clavate. Sporidia narrow-elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, 8-10 x2£ /i.

On leaves of Quercus Phellos, Carolina (Schweinitz).

S. convexula, (Schw.)

Sphceria convexula, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1788.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1 149.— Rav. F. Am. 755.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1674.

Peritliecia scattered over the whole lower surface of the leaf,
innate, rugulose, but somewhat shining, black, subastomous, strongly
convex, not collapsing.

On leaves of Carya, Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio.

The specimens in all the Exsiccati above referred to, are unsatis-
factory, immature or sterile. Those in N. A. F. 1674, have asci 25-30
xQ jul, and sporidia, as near as can be made out, 6 x 2|-3 /i, but they
are too immature to show an accurate outline. The peritliecia in these
specc. are mostly in small patches as in S. maculiformis, and in this
respect do not agree with the description given by Schweinitz.

S. petiolieola, (Desm.)

Sphceria petiolicola, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill, Ser. torn. XI, p. 354.
Sphcer ella petiolieola, Awd. Myc. Eur. V, VI, Heft, p. 8, fig. 38.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 795.— Desm. PI. Cr. Ed. 1, 2077.

Peritliecia scattered or subgregarious, at first covered by the epi-
dermis, which is either pierced or raised in a pustuliform manner,
spherical, black, perforated above, about 110 //. diam. Asci cylin-

279

drical, sessile, 8-spored, 40 x 6 /i. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-clavate,
rounded at the ends, two-celled, scarcely constricted at the septum,
hyaline, 8xl| /*.

On fallen petioles of Hobinia and Juylans regia, Newfield, N. J.

S. applanata, E. & E. Journ. My col. IV, p. 98.

Scattered, punctiform, flattened, covered by the thin epidermis
through which the perithecia are plainly visible. Asci oblong, 40-
50 x 15 fi. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical or pyriform, uniseptate,
hyaline, 18-20x6-8 fi. On the same stems was another Sphcerella,
with sporidia continuous (Lcestadia) and perithecia not flattened, but
the material was insufficient for a satisfactory description.

On dead stems of Clematis ligusticifolia, Montana (Anderson).

S. alarum, Ell. & Halst. (in Herb.)

Perithecia amphigenous, gregarious, on grayish spots bounded by
the nerves of the leaf, small (60-70 fi), subglobose, perforated above.
Asci fasciculate, aparaphysate, sessile, oblong, subinequilateral, about
40x10 a. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, slightly curved, sub-
obtuse, hyaline, 12-14 x3-3| /i, uniseptate.

On samarae of seedling maples, New Brunswick, N. J. (Halsted).

B. On leaves and cones of coniferous trees.
S. eonigena, Pk. 33d Rep. p. 34.

Perithecia minute, erumpent, black. Asci broad, obovate or sub-
clavate, somewhat pointed at the apex. Sporidia oblong or subcylin-
drical, when mature uniseptate, 25-40 fi long.

On old cones of arbor-vitce, Helderberg Mts., New York (Peck).

S. conicola. Sacc. Add to Syll. p. 75.

Sphcerella conigena, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 104.

Perithecia small, scattered or gregarious^ erumpent and slightly
prominent, black. Asci subcylindrical, 60-90x12 pt. Sporidia crowd-
ed, oblong-clavate, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, 8-10 x 2|-3 /*,
(10-12J x4J-5 //, Pk.), the cells unequal, the lower one narrower than
the subglobose or elliptical upper one.

On fallen cones of Abies Canadensis, Helderberg Mts., New
York.

Differs from S. Pinsapo in its longer and differently shaped
sporidia.

280

S. acicola, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 20.

Scattered, minute, subinnate. Perithecia globose-depressed , scat-
tered, membranaceous, brownish- black. Asci short-clavate, 8-spored.
Sporidia clavate-elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, yellowish, one cell glo-
bose, the other narrower and subcorneal, 7 x 3 ju.

On pine leaves, California.

S. Canadensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, minute, buried, with the apex and subpapilli-
forni, perforated ostiolum erumpent. Asci clavate-oblong, 40-50 x
12-15 fi. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, hyaline, uniseptate,
rounded at the ends, straight, slightly constricted at the septum, 20-
22 x 5-7 fi.

On foliage of Thuja occidentalism London, Canada (Dearness).

S. Taxodii, Cke. Journ. Bot. March, 1883, p. 106.

Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 686.— FU & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1676.

Perithecia amphigenous, scattered, with a mycelial fringe around
the base, subp'rominent, black, 112-130 ti diam., perforated above.
Asci cylindrical, 30-35 x 6 /i, sessile. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-
oblong (" arete ellipticis," Cke.), 8 x '2\ [l

On leaves of Taxodium distichum, South Carolina (Ravenel).

S. Pinsapo, Thiim. Contr. Fungh Lit. No. 301.— Sacc. Syll. I, p.
480.

Perithecia epiphyllous, scattered or subgregarious, minute, at first
covered by the epidermis, at length suberumpent, subcorneal, black,
not on any spots. Asci sessile, narrow-cylindrical, obtusely rounded
at the apex, narrowed at the base, straight or slightly curved, color-
less, 38-44 x 7 ju, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, elliptic-cylindrical,
subacute at the ends, septate in the middle, but not constricted, 2-4-
nucleate, straight, colorless, 10x4 //.

On fallen leaves of arbor vitce, Port Henry, N. Y. (Peck).
C. On stems and leaves of dicotyledonous, herbaceous plants.

S. Krigise, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Spots reddish-brown, suborbicular, 2-4 mm. diam., definitely lim-
ited but without any distinctly raised or colored margin. Perithecia
amphigenous, globose, pierced above, about 72 p. diam., erumpent.
Asci oblong or clavate-oblong, 20-25 x 6-7 //, without paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate (not well matured but apparently fusoid-oblong, 10-
12xlJ a).

281

On leaves of Krigia amplexicaulis, Racine, Wisconsin (Davis).
Accompanied on the same spots by a Septoria (S. Krigice, E. & E.),
with bacillate sporules 20-25x1-1 \ fju

S. asterinoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 98.

Perithecia scattered, lenticular, rather broadly pierced above,
prominent, but covered with the cuticle, their bases sunk in the matrix,
and more or less distinctly fringed with brown, branching mycelium.
Asci without paraphyses, clavate-cylindrical, with a short, narrow base,
80-90 x 18-20 p, Sporidia crowded, acutely elliptical, uniseptate and
constricted, upper cell mostly broader, smoky-hyaline, 20-28 x 8-12 p.
On dead stems of Dipsacus, Clyde, N. Y. (O. F. Cooke, Jr.)
S. decidua, E. & K. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 122.

Perithecia visible on both sides of the leaf, of coarse, cellular
structure, depressed-globose, 100 p diam. Asci oblong, sessile, 50 x
15 p. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong or oblong-pyriform, uni-
septate and constricted, mostly a little curved, 11-12 x 4-5 p. Peri-
thecia in small (1-1 J mm.), round, dull-white, translucent spots with a
narrow, raised border ; these spots are on dead, discolored parts of the
leaf, which finally fall out and leave irregularly shaped holes, as if the
leaf had been eaten out by insects.

„ On living leaves of Vernonia. Also on Scrophularia nodosa,
with the spots whiter and more confluent and mostly not on dead, but
on living, green parts of the leaf, Manhattan, Kansas (Kellerman).

S. Aralije, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 9.

Perithecia gregarious, brown, membranaceous, covered by the
epidermis, crowded in orbicular patches. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia
elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate, 10x4 p.

On stems of Aralia Californica, in California.

S. Dendromeconis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 9.

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 798.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, black, globose,
about 100 p diam., membranaceous. Asci oblong, sessile, mostly
broader at the base, 35 x 12-14 p. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong
("elliptical," Cke.). uniseptate, hyaline, lower cell narrower, about
12x3/*.

On dead stems of D e?idromecon rigidvs, California.

S. Salicornise, Awd. Myc. Eur. Pyr. p. 16, fig. 68.
Perithecia crowded, enveloping and blackening the stem between
36

282

the upper internodes, covered by the epidermis, minute (60-80 p)?
perforated above. Asci obovate or obovate-cuneate, sessile, apar-
aphysate, 8-spored, 25-40 x 15-20 p. Sporidia crowded in 2-3 series,
clavate-oblong, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, rounded at the ends.
12-15 x3-3j p.

On Salicornia, Connecticut (Thaxter).

The perithecia are smaller than stated in Sacc. Syll., and the
sporidia larger, agreeing better with S Peruviana, Speg., which,
however, can hardly be more than a var. of S. Salicornia?.

S. Pyrolse. Rostr. Fungi Groenl. p. 551.

Perithecia amphigenous, subprominent, hemispherical, on large,
subzonate, reddish spots, which sometimes cover the whole leaf. Asci
eylindric-clavate, 50-60x8-10/*. Sporidia oblong-fusoid, 15x4 p.

On living leaves of Pyrola grandiflora, Ritenbenk, Greenland.

S. inconspicua, Schroet. Nord. Pilze, p. 12.

Perithecia spheroid, slightly prominent, dark rufescent, 60-90 p
diam. Asci cylindric-elliptical, 40-50 x 13-16 p. Sporidia biseriate,
ovate-clavulate, 16-19 x 5-5| p, uniseptate in the middle, upper cell
broader, lower attenuated downwards, hyaline.

On leaves and flower stalks of Cassiope tetragona and Lohsel-
etiria procumbens, Greenland.

S. Astragali, (Currey).

Sphceria Astragali. Curr. in I«inn. Trans. XXII, No. 362.
Sphcerella Astragali, Cke. in Journ. Bot. 1883.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, covered, globose, dark
brown, minute, here and there gregarious. Asci clavate. Sporidia
subfusiform, uniseptate, hyaline, 15-18 x4 p.

On stems of Astragalus, Arctic America.

S. eridphila, Niessl. Neue Kernp. p. 86.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, minute, subglobose, black, shining,
in diffused light bright chestnut color, coriaceous, with a papilliform
ostiolum. Asci obovate or ovoid-oblong, sessile, 74-83 x 30-45 p,
8-spored. Sporidia irregularly 3-seriate or crowded, oblong-cuneate,
a little attenuated below, straight, septate in the middle and slightly
constricted, with a greenish tint, 20-30 x 8-9 p.

On Erigeron compositus, Greenland.

S. confinis, Karst. Fungi Spetsb. et Beer. Eil. coll. p. 106. et Myc.

Fenn. II, p. J 79.
Perithecia amphigenous, covered by the epidermis, then protube-

283

rant, scattered or gregarious, sphseroid, perforated above, black, 100-
120 fi diain. Asci short-pedicellate or subsessile, elongated or elon-
gate-clavate, rarely somewhat inflated below, 45-52 x 10-13 ju* Spo-
ridia 8 in an ascus, biseriate, acicular-elongated, uniseptate in the
middle, not at all or only slightly constricted in the middle, hyaline
or greenish-hyaline, 14-19x3-5 //.

On Antennaria alpina, Greenland.

S. Compositarum, Awd. Myc. Eur. Pyr. p. 15, fig. 105.

Exsicc. Rab. F. Fur. 1558.

Perithecia gregarious, innate, ovate, subacute, black, 100 p. diam.
Asci gradually attenuated above from an ovate base, 8-spored, very
short-stipitate, 60-70 x 20-28 p. Sporidia 2-4-seriate-crowded, oblong,
rounded at the ends, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, hyaline,
24-27 x 7 p.

On dry stems of Taraxacum ceratophorum, Greenland.

S. verbascicola, (Schw.)

Sphczria verbascicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1726.
Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 141 (spermogonia).— EJ11. N. A. F. 591

Perithecia thickly scattered, minute (150-175 p), covered by the
blackened cuticle, which is raised into distinct pustules over them.
Asci oblong or clavate, or sometimes attenuated above, sessile, 8-spored,
about 40 x 6 //, without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid -oblong,
hyaline, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, 10-12 x 5-6 p.

On dead stems of Verhascum Thapsus, common.

S. Pedicularis, Karst. Fungi Spetsb. No. 53.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first covered by the epi-
dermis, then protuberant, sphaeroid, subconoid-attenuated above, gla-
brous, black, 150 p diam. Asci subsessile, elongated, 30-35x7 p,
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid or acicular-elongated, straight or
slightly curved, guttulate or uniseptate, hyaline or yellowish-hyaline,
12-18 x 2|-8 p.

On Pedicularis hirsuta and P. lanata, Greenland.

S. trichophila, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 171.

Perithecia gregarious, at first covered by the epidermis, then
erumpent, seated on a dark, filamentose subiculum, sphseroid, often
conoid at the vertex, and armed with rather long, black, spine-like
bristles, pierced above, black, scarcely papillate. Asci and sporidia as
in S. Tassiana, viz. 40-80x18-26 /i, and 17-26x5-9 jut, respectively.

284

On Pedicular is flammed, euphrasioides and hirsuta, in Green-
land.

S. pachyasca, Rostr. Fungi of Greenland, p, 552 (" Saertryk af
Meddelelser oni Gronland" III).

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, growing on either leaves or
stems. Asci thick ovoid-oblong, inequilateral, 40-50 x 15-24 //, mostly
entire at the apex. Sporidia conglobate, conoid or ovoid-oblong,
16-20x5-6 /jl.

On leaves and stems of many dicotyledonous plants, viz. Chamce-
nerium, Draba, Arabis, Ranunculus, Saxifraga, Pyrola, Pleu-
rogyne, Campanula, Thymus, Stenhammaria, Plantago and Dia-
pensia, in Greenland, and on leaves of Phlox cwspilosa, in Montana.

This species "plays the same role among the Dicotyledonous
plants as S. Tassiana among the Monocotyledonous"

S. Polygonorum, (Crie).

Depazea Polygonorum, Crie sur les Dep. p. 41, tab. 8, fig. 4.

Spots epiphyllous, round, surrounded by a prominent, dark red
border. Perithecia epiphyllous, subprominent, black. Asci cylin-
drical, 8-spored. Sporidia ellipsoid, obtuse at the ends, uniseptate,
17-18 x 6 fi, pale greenish.

On dead stems and leaves of Oxyria digyna, Polygonum vivi-
parum and Koenigia Islandica, Greenland.

S. arthopyrenioides, Awd. Myc. Eur. p. 15, fig. 55.

Perithecia thickly scattered, covered by the epidermis, depressed-
globose, pierced above, black, 60-120 ji diam. Asci obovate, sessile,
8-spored, 38 x 18 /u. Sporidia imperfectly biseriate, ovate-oblong,
rounded at the ends, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline, 14 x 4-5 ji.

On Papaver nudicaule, Greenland.

S. minor, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 171.

Perithecia innate, covered by the epidermis, joined by innate, sub-
radiate, creeping, brown fibers, forming cinereous, round spots, black,
pierced above, 60-70 fi diam. Asci sessile, ovoid-elliptical or ovoid-
sphaeroid, 18-25x12-14//, 8-spored. Sporidia conglobate, ovoid-
oblong, uniseptate in the middle, scarcely constricted, greenish-hyalin<
11-12x4 /ec

On Linnma borealis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, and S. Aizooi
in Greenland.

285
S. Stellarinearun, (Rab.)

Sphceria Stellarinearum, Rab. Herb. Mycol. 975?
Sphcerella Stellarinearum, Karst. Fungi Spets. No. 48.

Perithecia somewhat scattered, amphige'nous, covered, punctiform,
perforated above. Asci sessile, ovoid, 60 x 20 //, 8-spored. Sporidia
collected in a mass, ovoid-oblong, straight or slightly carved, unisep-
tate, hyaline, not constricted, 20-24 x 6 p..

On leaves of Stellaria longipes, S. humifusa, Cerastium arvense,
Alsine verna and Alsine biflora and Groenlandica, in Greenland.

S. Cruciferarum, (Fr.)

Sphceria Cruciferarum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 525.
Sphcerella Cruciferarum, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 315.
Kxsicc. Rab. F. F)ur. 1853?

Perithecia scattered, innate, hemispherical, pierced at the apex,
black, shining, smooth, 70-80 ju diam. Asci clavate, 40x12 //, with
a short, thick stipe, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, rather
obtuse at the ends, uniseptate and slightly constricted, curved, 15 x
3 J jut, with 2-4 nuclei.

On Vesicaria, Draba, Eutrema, Cardamine and Sisymbrium,
in Greenland, on pods of Cheira?ithus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).

S. microspila. (B. & Br.)

Sphceria microspila, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 984, tab. 17, fig. 36.

Perithecia scattered, globose, one or more innate on a small,
brown spot, surrounded by a thin mycelium. Asci cylindrical. Spo-
ridia oblong-ellipsoid, uniseptate, hyaline, 8-11 f± long.

On leaves of Chammnerium angustifolium, Sukkertoppen, Green-
land.

S. Sibirica, Thiira. JBeitr. Pilz. Sibir. No. 766.

Perithecia hypophyllous, sometimes • extending through to the
other side of the leaf, densely gregarious, subglobose, semiimmersed,
free, shining-black. Asci broad-clavulate, narrowed at each end, with
a thin membrane, 8-spored, subsessile. Sporidia long-elliptical, acutely
rounded at the ends, septate in the middle, but not constricted, homo-
geneous, enucleate, hyaline, 20-22 x 5-6 ju.

On Silene acaulis, Viscaria alpina, Melandrium apetalum and
M. triflorum, Greenland.

S. innumerella, Karst. Mycol. Fen. II, p. 182.

Sphcerella maculif or mis, forma Comari, Rab. F. E. 1042.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. E). 1042.— Karst Fungi Fenn. 965.

286

Perithecia hypophyllous, gregarious, erumpent, globose, pierced
above, black, 75-- 100 /i diam. Asci clavate-cylindrical, very short-
stipitate, sometimes obliquely inflated below, 42-51 x8-9 p.. Sporidia
about 6 in an ascus, imperfectly biseriate, fusoid or rod-shaped, septate
in the middle, not constricted, straight or slightly curved, hyaline,
17-24 x 3-4 n (seldom 5 ju thick).

On leaves of Sibbaldia p?'ocu?nbens, Greenland.

S. ootheca, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 1 60.

Perithecia epiphyllous, subgregarious, innate-erumpent, depressed
conoid-globose, black, thick-membranaceous, 100 /z diam. Asci thick-
obovate, 40 x 28 p, rounded at the apex, short-apiculate-stipitate,
8-spored, without paraphyses. Sporidia 2-3-seriate, oblong, unisep-
tate, very slightly constricted, 15-16x6-7 jul, subobtuse at the ends,
hyaline.

On leaves of Dry as integrifolia, Disco, &c, Greenland.

S. melanoplaca, (Desm.)

Sphceria melanoplaca, Desm. XX, Not. 10.
Sphtzrella melanoplaca, Awd. M. Eur. Pyr. p. 13. fi^\ 108.
Exsicc. Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. 1. 2097.

Perithecia epiphyllous, more rarely amphigenous, very minute,
numerous, innate-subprominent, black, subshining, pierced above, 50-
80 fi diam., with a whitish nucleus, gregarious, on large, sooty-black
spots. Asci short-cylindrical, 40-42 x 8 fi, without paraphyses. Spo-
ridia 3-4- seriate, lanceolate-fusoid, obtuse at the ends, uniseptate, hya-
line, 22 x 3 p..

On leaves of Alchemilla alpiria, Kobbefiord, Greenland (asci 48-
52 x 13-15 ft, sporidia 18-22 x 4-6 /i).

S. Impatientis, P. & €. 30th Rep. p. 67.

Perithecia abundant, minute, black. Asci subcylindrical. Spo-
ridia crowded, oblong or lanceolate, uniseptate, usually quadrinucleate,
12 ji long.

On living leaves of bnpatiensfulva, Adirondack Mts., N. Y.

S. phlogina, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 65.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-supcrncial, conic-hemispherical,
about 165 fi diam., epiphyllous. Asci ovate-oblong, 65-75x20-
22 fi. Paraphyses none. Sporidia clavate-oblong, uniseptate and
slightly constricted at the septum, rounded at the ends, yellowish-hya-
line, with several small nuclei, 20-30 x 7-9 /i. Allied to S. Stella-

287

rinearum (Rabh.), but differs in its host plant, its more prominent peri-
thecia and its straight, slightly constricted sporidia.

On dead leaves of Phlox longifolia, Belt Mts., Montana (Ander-
son).

S. Harknessii, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 511.

SphcBrella brachytheca, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 8 (not Cke. Grev. VII, p. 88).

Perithecia scattered, covered, small (60 //), membranaceous. Asci
ovate, 20 x 16 p. Sporidia elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate^ 8x4/^.
On stems of Convolvulus, California.

S. leucophiea, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 3.

Perithecia punctiform, minute (70-100 //), buried in the substance
of the leaf, except their slightly projecting, perforated apices. Asci
oblong, sessile, or nearly so, 75-80 x 7-8 p. Paraphyses none. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusiform, hyaline, uniseptate, and very slightly con-
stricted at the septum, 18-20 x3| p.

On dead leaves of Baptisia leucophcea, Manhattan, Kansas (Kel-
lerman).

This is different from Sphoerella baptisiicola, Cke., which has
shorter asci, mostly not over 55 or 60 p long, surrounded at first by
paraphyses, and which has also shorter (12-15 x3|-4 p.), yellowish
sporidia. %

S. baptisiicola, (Cke.)

Sphceria baptisiczcola, Cke. Grev. XI, p. no.
Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 680.— Eli. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1799.

Perithecia scattered, punctiform (100 p.), covered by the epi-
dermis, subprominent. Asci oblong, subinequilateral, mostly 35-55 x
7 p, imperfectly paraphysate at first. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
fusoid, uniseptate, yellowish-hyaline, 15 x 3J ju.

On dead stems of Baptisia tinctoria, Newfield, N. J., and on
stems of B. leucantha, South Carolina.

S. granulata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 102.

Fxsicc. FH. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1798.

Densely gregarious, occupying a definitely limited area of the
stem. Perithecia minute (165 p.), covered by the epidermis, which is
raised and fissured over them, but not blackened, though the black
perithecia are visible through it. Ostiolum papilliform, only slightly
prominent ; ascigerous nucleus, white. Asci nearly cylindrical, about
70x7 [/., subsessile, without paraphyses, and containing eight biseriate,

288.

fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline, granular at first, then uniseptate
sporidia 20-23x3-3 J p.

On dead stems of Baptida tictoria, with Sphcerella baptisiicola,
Cke., Newfield, N. J.

The specimens found grew around the base of the stem, extend-
ing up for about two inches, where they were abruptly succeeded by
Sphcerella baptisiicola, Cke., in which the perithecia are more scat-
tered and the sporidia shorter (12-16 p ), and broader (4-5 p). The
specimens of this latter species, in Rav. F. Am., are not well devel-
oped and have the sporidia narrower (3-3| p), and more acute, as
described by Cooke.

S. depazeseformis, (Awd.)

Sphceria depazeceformis, Awd. in Rab. Herb. Myc. 1641.
Sphcerella depazeceformis, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 64.
Karlia Oxalidis, Rab. Herb. Myc. Ed. II, No. 567.
Sphcerella Karlii, Fckl. Symb. p. 103.
Lcestadia Oxalidis, Sacc. Syll. 1635.
Fxsicc. Krieg. F. Sax. 332.— M. March. 1445, 2341.

Perithecia amphigenous, globose, 75-80 p (40-46 p, Winter &
Sacc.), broadly perforated at the apex, base sunk in the substance of
the leaf, generally seated in the center of round whitish spots 1-3
mm. diam., with a brown border. Asci ovate-oblong, nearly sessile,
8-spored, 35-40 x 12-15 a (34-36 x 8-10 p, Winter). Sporidia bise-
riate, oblong, obtuse, septate in the middle but not constricted, 10-14

x 3-3J p, hyaline.

On leaves of Oxalis corniculata, var. stricfa, Columbia, So. Car-
olina (Atkinson).

The Carolina specc. agree in all respects, size of perithecia, asci
and sporidia, with the specc. in Kriegers Fungi Saxonici. The syn-
onymy is from Winter's Pilze.

S. Thalictri, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I. p. 44.

Perithecia hypophyllous, 90 p diam., of coarse cellular structure,
with a rather large opening above, hemispherical (flattened when dry),
scattered on small (2-3 mm.), round, white spots with a dark border.
Asci sessile, about 36 x 7 p. Sporidia crowded, ovate-oblong, granu-
lar and nucleate, (becoming uniseptate?) 12-16x3-4| p.

On leaves of Thalictrum dioicu?n, New Jersey and Iowa.

S. Earliana, Winter. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 101.

Perithecia amphigenous, densely crowded in small, black, angular,
roundish patches about 1-2 mm. broad, globose, very small, (60-70 )p,
perforated above, black. Asci fasciculate, slightly attenuated upwards
from the subventricose base, very short-stipitate, 8-spored, 26-30 x 7 p.

289

Sporidia inordinate, clavate, uniseptate in the middle, not constricted,
hyaline, 8x2//. Paraphyses wanting.

On leaves of cultivated strawberries, Illinois. Differs from S.
Fragariaz, Tul. especially in its small asci and sporidia.

S. xanthicola, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 9.

Perithecia punctiform, subprominent, black, crowded in elliptical
vspots, at first covered by the thin epidermis. Asci obclavate, sessile,
8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, rounded
at the ends, hyaline, 12-15 x 5-6 //.

On stems of Xanthium, California.

S. Campanula, E. & K. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 1166.

Exsicc. E)lls & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1673.

Perithecia minute (\ mm.), scattered, covered by the epidermis
which is pierced by the papilliform ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical,
35-40 x 5-7 /*. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, ovate-oblong, uniseptate
and constricted, 10-13 x 3-3 J //, ends subacute.

On dead stems of Campa7iula Americana, Ohio (Kellerman).

S. sicyicola, E. & E. Journ. My col. Ill, p. 45.

Spots amphigenous, small (1-2 mm.), dirty white, suborbicular or
partly limited by the veinlets of the leaf, thin and transparent in the
center. Perithecia few, 1-3, often only one in the center of a spot,
epiphyllous, black and subsuming, about 100 fi diam., sublenticular,
with a rather broad perforation above, structure coarsely cellular.
Asci cylindric-oblong, 40-50 x 6-7 fi, sessile. Sporidia biseriate,
ovate-oblong, hyaline, uniseptate and somewhat constricted, 8-11 x3-
3 1 /i, ends rounded or subacute.

On living leaves of Sicyos angulata, Missouri (Galloway).

S. solidaginea, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 127.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, 80-100 jx diam., subglobose, of
rather coarse, cellular structure, pierced above, scattered or collected
in groups. Asci 35x9-10 /*. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong,
nucleate, slightly constricted near the middle, 20 x 3 J p., hyaline.

On dead leaves of Solidago Canadensis, Kansas (Kellerman).

S. Desmodii, Winter, Journ. Mycol. I, p. 121.

Epiphyllous on large and very irregular spots, which become of a
dirty gray color, with the margin more obscure but well defined, flex-
37

290

nous or sinuous. Perithecia gregarious, minute, hemispherical, perfo-
rated above, black, 70-90 fi diam. Asci oblong-cylindrical, slightly
attenuated above, rounded at the apex, sessile, 35-40 x 6-7 fi. Spo-
ridia biseriate, cymbiform or fusoid, often more or less curved, unisep-
tate in the middle but not constricted, hyaline, 10J-12 x 2|-3| fi.
On living leaves of Desmodium canescens, Missouri.

S. SesbaniaB, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 98.

Densely gregarious, erumpeut, perithecia 80-100 //. diam., pierced
above. Asci 35-40 x 7-8 fi ; paraphyses none. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong-cylindrical, uniseptate, but not constricted or curved, 10-12 x
3 §-4 /a, ends obtuse. Preceded by a Macrosporium with short,
crooked, septate hypliae, and oblong, 2-3-septate, muriform conidia,
which are soon opake. In general appearance resembles S. granulata,
E. & E., but has much smaller sporidia.

On dead stems of Sesbania macrocarpa, Louisiana (Langlois).

S. subcongregata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 101.

Perithecia gregarious or occasionally 3-6 collected in a cluster,
erumpent and superficial, ovate-globose, about \ mm. diam., ostiolum
acute. Asci oblong, 40-45 x 12-15 /i, without paraphyses. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-cylindrical or clavate-oblong, subhyaline (yellowish),
18-23 x 3-4 ju, or, in the clavate form, 4-5 p. wide. Pleospora per-
munda, Cke., which appears to be common in the Rocky Mountain
region, occurred on the same stem.

On peduncles of Erigeron salsuginosus, Mt. Paddo, Washington,
alt. 6000 to 7000 ft.

S. Dahlia?, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 42.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, brown, covered by the epi-
dermis, pierced above. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical,
uniseptate, hyaline, 12x4 /i.

On dead stems of Dahlia, Newfield, N. J.

S. Aquilegiae, Ell. & Galw. Journ. Mycol. V, p. 66.

Perithecia scattered on the leaves and petioles, erumpent, rather
acutely hemispherical, black, 100-120 fi diam., pierced above and
more or less distinctly fringed at the base with brown, creeping hypliae,
texture coarsely cellular. Asci obovate-oblong, sessile, 50-60 x 22-
25 /u, inequilateral, without paraphyses. Sporidia crowded-biseriate,
subclavate-oblong, hyaline, straight, obtuse, slightly constricted, 20-
22x9-11 //, each cell 1-3-imcleate.

291

On Aquilegla Jonesii, Belt Mts., Montana (Anderson).
Differs from S. pachyasca, Rost., which is also found in Montana
on Phlox ccespitosa, principally in its broader sporidia.

S. (Enotherae, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 151. (Plate 27)

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1681.

Perithecia erumpent, hemispherical, 90-100 [i diam., broadly per-
forated above, densely gregarious and mostly in broad strips or series
on the valves of the capsules. Asci oblong, slightly narrower above
and abruptly contracted below into a short, stipe-like base. Sporidia
biseriate, variable from oblong or ovate-oblong, 10-15x3 /i and
nucleate, to oblong-fusiform, slightly curved, faintly uniseptate and
15-20x3-3 J fi. The smaller ones are apparently immature, being
without septa.

On old capsules of Oenothera biennis, Newfield, N. J.

S. fuscata, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 125.

Perithecia minute, densely crowded, forming elongated, dark
colored patches 1J-2 cm. or more long, and about half as wide. Asci
obovate, 40-50x15-18 //. Sporidia inordinate, oblong, uniseptate,
mostly narrower at one end, hyaline, 1 5-16 x 4-5 /*. Perithecia ovate*
conical, rough, subcuticular, but finally throwing off the epidermis and
blackening the matrix.

On dead herbaceous stems, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

S. Sarracenise, (Schw.)

Sphceria Sarracenice, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1759.
SpJuErella Sarracenice, Sacc. Syll. iQ4i.

Perithecia scattered, depressed-hemispherical, brownish-black,
covered by the blackened cuticle, pierced above, about 100 fi diam.
Asci clavate, 35-40 x 6-8 /z, without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate,
fusoid-oblong, yellowish-hyaline, about 10x3 [i, 3-4-nucleate.

On species of Sarracenia, Carolina, on Sarracenia purpurea,
Northern U. S. and Canada.

S. ciliata, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 231.

Thickly gregarious. Perithecia subglobose, 150 fi diam., covered
by the cuticle, but not sunk in the matrix, ostiolum papilliform. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 40 x 7 fi. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, hya-
line, uniseptate and constricted, 10-12 x3 //.

On dead stems of Steironema ciliatum, London, Canada (Dear-
ness).

292

S. Angelicas E. & E. I. c.

Perithecia scattered, growing under the bark and attached to it,
so that when the bark is peeled off, they come with it, globose, \ mm.
diam., collapsing below. Ostiola papilliform, barely piercing the
cuticle and only slightly raising it Asci clavate-cylindrical, with
abundant paraphyses, 65-70x7-9 /i. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
elliptical, 2-nucleate, 12-15 x3| fi, becoming ovate-oblong and uni-
septate.

On dead stems of Angelica atropurpurea, London, Canada.

Judging from the specimens in F. Eur. and F. G., this is different
from S~ rubella, Niessl.

S. Lactucse, E. & K. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 123.

Epiphyllous on dark brown, (3-4 mm.), concentrically wrinkled
spots with a distinct, raised border. Perithecia erumpent, subglobose,
120-150 p diam., of coarse, cellular structure. Asci oblong, sessile,
40-75x12-14 p. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, uniseptate and
constricted, 14-15 x 5 p, ends obtuse.

On leaves of Lacluca Canadensis, Kansas (Kellerman).

D. On monocotyledonous plants.
S. sabaligena, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 101.

Exsicc. EH. & Uvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1800.

Perithecia gregarious, 100-125 p diam., covered by the cinereous
cuticle, which is scarcely ruptured over them. Asci subovate, 22-25
x 12-15 [i. Sporidia crowded, oblong-clavate, uniseptate, constricted
at the septum, subhyaline, 10-12 x3|-4 p..

On dead tips of leaves of Sabal Palmetto, Louisiana (Langlois).

S. smilacina, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 101.

Perithecia scattered, depressed-globose, 165 p. diam., covered by
the cuticle, which is blackened directly over them and barely pierced
by the minute ostiola. Asci oblong, sessile, about 35 x 7 p. Sporidia
biseriate or crowded, hyaline, fusiform-oblong or clavate-oblong, uni-
septate, 8-11 x 2| p. The pycnidial perithecia are entirely similar to
the ascigerous perithecia, only a little more prominent and mostly on
bleached stems, and contain stylospores oblong or elliptical-oblong,
hyaline, 2-nucleate, uniseptate and slightly constricted, 7-8 x 3— 3J p.
(Diplodina Smilacis, E. & E.)

I

293

On dead stems of Smilax. Newfield, N. J.

S. Tassiana, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 87, tab. XCVIII.

Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 295?

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, either barely covered by the
epidermis, or sunk in the parenchyma, more or less emergent, sphaeroid,
often subcorneal with a small opening, black, 60-150 /i diam. Asci
sessile or very short-pedicellate, obliquely ovoid-oblong, inequilateral,
40-80 x 18-26 fjt, 8-spored. Sporidia inordinate, crowded, ovate-ob-
long, uniseptate near the middle, scarcely constricted at the septum,
hyaline or greenish-hyaline, 17-26 x 5-9 p.

On leaves and culms of various species of Graminece and Cy-
peracece; Luzula, Carex, Agropyrum, Agrostis, Aira, Trisetum,
Poa, Glyceria, Galam.agrostis &c, in Greenland (Rostrup), and on
leaves of Typha latifolia, in Delaware.

S. minimsepiincta, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 681.

Scattered or aggregated. Perithecia punctiform, emergent, black,
125-140 p diam. Asci clavate, short-stipitate. Sporidia narrow-
elliptical, continuous, hyaline, 8x3//.

On stems of Gladiolus, South Carolina.

On the specimens in our copy of Rav. F. Am. are a Diplodia.
perithecia 130-150 p. diam., sporules 18-20 x 8-10 p, and a Phoma
with smaller (110 p) perithecia, and sporules 18-20x3-4 //, but no
ascigerous fungus.

S. serrulata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol, III, p. 45.

Perithecia minute, covered by the cuticle, which is blackened
over them, rather prominent, with an acute, papilliform ostiolum,
mostly collected in groups of 6-12 or arranged in a seriate manner.
Asci oblong-lanceolate, 35 x 7-8 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid,
2-nucleate. hyaline, 6-8 x 2 J p, ends rather obtuse. Differs from
S. sabaligena, E. & E., in its smaller, grouped perithecia and in its
smaller, obscurely septate sporidia.

On dead stems of Sahal serrulata, Florida (Calkins).

S. Typhse, (Lasch.)

Sphceria Typtuz, I^asch. in Rab. Herb. Mycol. Ed. I, No. 660.
Sphcerella Typhcz, Awd. Myc. Eur. Pyr. p. 18, fig. no.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 906.— EU- & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1678, (forma minor).

Perithecia amphigenous, sunk in the parenchyma of the leaf,
crowded and often connate in dense, sublanceolate, convex groups J-l

294

mm. long and 165 p wide, subglobose, perforated above, 70 p diam.
Asci elongated-obiong, very short-stipitate, 8-spored, 50 x 7-8 //.
Sporidia biseriate, wedge-shaped-oblong, rounded at the ends, straight,
uniseptate, not constricted at the septum, smoky-hyaline, 14 x 5 p.

On leaves of Typha latifolia. West Chester, Pa.

The West Chester specc. have asci 25-38 x 10-12 p, sporidia 11-
12 x 3-3| //, and seem to be the forma minor of Fckl. Symb. p. 107,
with asci 36 p long and sporidia 10x4 p. The specc. issued under
this name in Mycotheca Marchica 2136, and Roum. F. Gall. 5354,
afford two species of Pleospora, and .one of Leptosphceria, but no
Sphcerella.

S. Pontederiae, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 69.

Sphcerella paludosa, E. & E. in Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2357.

Spots rather large (lj— 2 cm.), oblong or elliptical, sometimes con-
fluent, brown above, blackish-brown or grayish-brown below. Peri-
thecia minute, (75 //), hypophyllous, black. Asci oblong or subfusi-
form, 50-62 x 12 J p. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong-clavate,
uniseptate, sometimes quadrinucleate, 15-20x5-6 p.

On languishing leaves of Pontederia cordata, Whitehall, N. Y.,
and Newfield, N. J., and on leaves of Nuphar advena, London,
Canada.

S. incisa, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 99.

Perithecia membranaceous, gregarious, globose or depressed-
globose, \ mm. diam., covered by the blackened epidermis. Asci
lanceolate, 100-120 x 8-10 p, without paraphyses. Sporidia fusiform,
attenuated to a bristle-like point at each end, endochrome distinctly
divided in the middle, pale yellowish ; length, including the bristle-
pointed ends, 40-50 p, width, 3-4 p. The walls of the perithecia are
closely adnate to the matrix, and with difficulty separable from it.

On dead petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida (Martin).

S. Orontii, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 151.

Perithecia epiphyllous, scattered, minute (100 p), purplish-black,
membranaceous, coarsely cellular, perforated above, partly erumpent.
Asci oblong, a little narrower above and abruptly contracted below
into a very short, stipe-like base, 35-40 x 10-12 p, without paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong, hyaline, nucleate and faintly uniseptate,
about 14 x 4-5 p, a little narrower at one end. Physalosp>ora Orontii
has larger perithecia and rather larger, regularly elliptical, continuous
sporidia.

295

On yellowish sj)ots on living leaves of Orontium aquaticum,
Newfield, N. J.

S. paiilula, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 146.

Perithecia scattered, minute, globose, half free, 70 /j. diam. Asci
clavate, 20 /j. long. Sporidia elliptical, at length uniseptate, 5 ju long.

On sheaths of Zea Mays, Gainesville, Florida (Ravenel). One of
the smallest representatives of the genus, masked by the Clado-
sporium with which it is mixed.

We have seen no specimens, and take the diagnosis and remarks
from Grevillea.

S. ignobilis, Awd. 1. c. p. 17.

Exsicc. Rab. F. Eur. 1645.

Perithecia hypophyllous, sunk in the substance of the leaf, scarce-
ly piercing the epidermis, scattered, globose, black, pierced abov.e,
100-125 fj. diam. Asci very numerous, clavate-cylinclrical, sessile,
8-spored, 50 x 6-8 //. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate or subbiseriate,
pale, oblong-clavate, ends rounded, uniseptate, scarcely constricted,
10-12 x 4 /i.

On Aira alpina, Greenland.

S. lineolata, (Rob. & Desm.)

Sphtzria lineolata, Rob. & Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. II, Ser. torn. XIX, p. 351.
Sphcerella lineolata, De Not. Schema, p. 63.
Exsicc. Desm. Pi. Crypt, de France Ed. I, 1203.

Perithecia amphigenous, sunk in the somewhat blackened substance
of the leaf, seriate, with the perforated apex rupturing the epidermis,
more or less erumpent, globose, black, 60-70 p. diam. Asci obovate
or oblong-clavate, sessile, 8-spored, 40-50 x 12-14 ju. Sporidia biseri-
ate, oblong or obovate, ends rounded, uniseptate, not at all or only
slightly constricted, hyaline, 16-18 x 3-4 p.

On Alopecurus alpinus and Poa filipes, Greenland.

S. Liizulse, Cke. Grev. VI, p, 31.

Perithecia sunk in the substance of the leaf, punctiform. Asci
clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia biseriate, 4-nucleate, becoming unisep-
tate, hyaline. No measurements given.

This species was found by Cooke on De Thiimen's specc. of Hen-
dersonia Typhoid ear urn, (Austrian Fungi, 785).

The specc. in our copy of this collection afford an abundance of
cylindrical, yellowish-hyaline, 2-4-nucleate spores 10-20x3 p., but no

296

asci. Rostrup, in his Greenland Fungi, reports S. Luzulce, Cke., on
Luzula confusa, but gives no measurements.

S. Scirpi laciistris, Awd. Mye. Eur. Pyr. p. 18, %. 73.

Perithecia scattered, sunk in the surface of the leaf, carbonaceo-
coriaceous, somewhat brittle, depressed-spherical, pierced above, black,
150-180 ju diam. Asci clavate-oblong, attenuated into a short stipe
below, 8-spored, 55-68 x 14 /i. Sporidia 3-seriate, elongated-fusoid,
obtuse at the ends, slightly curved, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline,
24-27x4-5//.

On Scirpus ccespitosus, Sukkertoppen, Greenland.

S. Wichuriana, Schrot. Nord. Pilze, p. 1 2.

Perithecia gregarious, innate, very small, sphasroid, 50-65 /i
diam., glabrous, texture loosely areolate, ostiolum obsolete. Asci few,
aparaphysate, ovoid, 22-26x14-16 //, sessile, 8-spored. Sporidia
conglobate, fusoid, 11-1 3x3-3 J //, hyaline, uniseptate, not constricted.

On leaves of various species of Carex, and on Eriophorum an-
gustifolium and Alopecurus alpinus, Greenland.

S. pusilla, Awd. 1. c. p. 17, fig. 115.

Hxsicc. Rab. F. Eur. 2440.— Thum. M. U. 1355.

Perithecia epiphyllous, sunk in the surface of the leaf, thickly
scattered, spherical, pierced above, black, 50-70 p. diam. Asci ovate-
oblong, sessile, 8-spored, 40x12-14 fi. Sporidia 3-4-seriate, oblong-
fusoid, somewhat thickened above, ends obtuse, nearly straight, con-
stricted at the septum, with 4-5 oil globules, hyaline, 22-24 x 3-4 jx.

On various species of Cyperacem and Graminem, viz., Kobresia
caricina, Gar ex (several species), Festuca rubra, Phleum, alpinum,
Alopecurus alpinus and Nardus strictus, Greenland.

S. leptopleiira, De Not. Reel. Pyr. Comm. II, p. 488.

Perithecia gregarious, often seriate between the nerves of tin
sheath, membranaceous, thin, black, broadly perforated above, aboul
200 [i diam., covered by the epidermis through which they are
plainly visible as to appear entirely bare, not strongly prominent, an<
more or less collapsing. Asci cylindrical, subsessile, 45-50 x 6
without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, straight oi
slightly curved, about 15 x2|-3 p..

On Secale cereale (sheaths of the leaves), Alabama (Atkinson).

There can not be much doubt that this is the species named,
though we have no specimen for comparison. No septa could be seei
in the sporidia but the specc. were not fully mature.

297

S. philochorta, Cooke, Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 137.

Epiphyllous, scattered. Perithecia minute, globose, subprominent,
black, covered by the epidermis. Ostiolum papillate, perforated.
Asci clavate. Sporidia narrow, cylindric-elliptical, obtuse at the ends,
uniseptate, scarcely constricted, hyaline, 13-17x3 ft.

On leaves of some grass, Maine.

S. Muhlenbergise, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 317.

Kxsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1352.

Perithecia erumpent, minute, generally elongated-seriate. Asci
oblong, 35 x 8-10 /;.. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, uniseptate, 11-15 x
3-3 J //. Stylospores in larger perithecia, 13-19 x 4 // (Phoma).

On leaves of Muhlenbergia, Newfield, N. J.

This and the preceding species, published about the same time,
may be the same, but we have no specc. of Cooke's species for com-
parison.

S. California, Cke. & Hark. Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 136.

Perithecia small, scattered, subspherical, innate-prominent, dark
brown, perforated above. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia narrow-
elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, not constricted, 8x2//.

On leaves of some native grass.

On specimens in our Herb, sent by Dr. Harkness as Sphcerella
Calif brnica, we find only a Septoria with perithecia 75-110 // diatn.,
and sporules cylindrical, curved, hyaline, continuous, 12-14 xl| //.
Cooke (1. c.) is inclined to regard this as the mature state of Lcestadia
perpusilla, Sacc.

S. Spartinae, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 97.

Perithecia of coarse, cellular structure, subastomous, elliptical.
100-112 x 170-190 //, buried in the parenchyma of the leaf, but plainly
visible above or on the outside, and faintly so below, quite evenly and
thickly scattered. Asci mostly immature in the specc. examined, but
evidently present. Free sporidia (which we believe to be ascospores)
oblong-elliptical, yellowish, constricted and faintly uniseptate in the
middle, with about 4 small nuclei, 12-16x4J-5| //. This can not be
the Ascochyta Spa?*ti?ice, Trelease, Journ. Mycol. I, p. 14, on account
of the absence of any spots and the quite different sporidia. We are
also confident that the Nebraska specc. are ascigerous.

On dead leaves and sheaths of Spartma cynosiwoides, Nebraska
(Webber).
38

298

S. crus-galli, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 105.

Perithecia buried in the substance of the leaf and visible on both
sides, but more prominent above, evenly scattered or in small groups
with scattering perithecia intermediate, globose, 100-115 p diain.,
with a broad, round opening above. Asci oblong, 50-55 x 10-12 p.,
without paraphyses. Sporidia crowded, oblong-fusoid, subinequi-
lateral, uniseptate and mostly constricted at the septum, hyaline,
14-16x4//. This is quite different from Sphcerella Maydis, Pass.,
which has rather larger perithecia more distinctly grouped, and (sec.
specc. in Rab. Fungi Europsei, No. 1851) sporidia fusoid, 16-20 p,
long. It is also different from S. Muhlenbergice, E1L, which, by
the way, is a good species and quite distinct from either S. gramin-
icola, Fckl., which has larger asci and sporidia, or S. pusilla, Awd.
S. graminicola, Fckl., (sec. specc. in Rehm's Ascom., 794, and F. Eur.
3446) has asci 75x12 p, and sporidia 15-20 x 3|-4± p.

On withered leaves of Panicum crus-galli, Kansas (Swingle).

S. Zizaniae, (Schw.)

Sphceria ZizanicE, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1750.
Sphcerella Zizanice, Cke. Syn. 5673.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1797.

Perithecia immersed and quite evenly ' scattered, not seriate.

Asci oblong-cylindrical, turgid, 45-55 x 10-12 p. Sporidia biseriate,

clavate-oblong, uniseptate and constricted, hyaline, straight or slightly

curved, 15-20x5-6 p..

On languishing leaves of Zizania aquatica, Delaware (Commons),
The specimens of Sphceria Zizaniae, Schw., in Herb. Schw., are

sterile and poor, but the Delaware specimens appear to be that species.

E. On cryptogamous plants, &c.
S. gallse, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 75.

Perithecia minute, scattered or 2-3 together, rupturing and
loosening the epidermis. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 40-45 x 10 p, ses-
sile. Sporidia crowded in 2-3 series, slender-clavate, uniseptate,
12-15 x 3 p (at the broad end).

On galls on branches of Vaccinium corymbosum, and on rose
bushes, Newfield, N. J.

S. indistincta, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 81.

Perithecia minute, innate, slightly prominent, scattered or sub-
gregarious, globose, black. Asci subcylindrical, 35-40 p long. Spc

299

ridia crowded, elongated, hyaline, simple or obscurely uniseptate,
:25-28 fi long, generally slightly curved.

On dead leaves of Pteris aquilina, New York State (Peck).

The perithelia are so small as to be easily overlooked. The spo-
ridia are unlike those of S. Pteridis, being twice as long and not
distinctly septate.

S. Lycopodii, Pk. 39th Rep. p. 51.

Perithecia minute (100 //)., blackish. Asci oblong or subcylin-
drical, often slightly narrowed toward the apex, 30-40 x 10 /i. Spo-
ridia oblong, 12-15 x 3|-4 p..

On scales of dead spikes of Lycopodium clavatvm, Adirondack
Mts., New York.

This differs from S. lycopodinu in its place of growth and in its
smaller asci and sporidia.

S. superflua, Fckl. in Ell. & Evrht.'s N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2134.

A reexamination of the specc. in the copies now accessible shows
only a Phoma with oblong 5-7 x 2-2 \ p sporules. Sec. Fckl. the
Phoma accompanying Sphcerella superflua has sporules "cylindrical,
curved, minute," indicating a different thing from this.

S. pandurata, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 117, is Didy-
mella lophospo?*a, Sacc.

In the following Schweinitzian species, apparently referable to
the Splicer elloid em, the fructification is unknown.

Sphceria tigrinans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1804. — Spots round or
subirregular, about 4 mm. diam., darker in the center, on account of
the abundant, minute, astomous, black perithecia.

On the under side of oak leaves. Allied to S. myriadea.

Sphmria subbullans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1797. — Spots bullate-
elevated, orbicular, black, covered with the numerous, innate, minute
perithecia, with only their papillate ostiola visible.

On the upper side of leaves of Pyrus Malus, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria Staphylew, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1800. — Perithecia scat-
tered or aggregated, innate, minute, irregular, flattened, black, asto-
mous, furnished with a distinct, included sack, finally empty.

Very common on capsules of Staphylea trifolia, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphwria plantaginicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1806. — Perithecia
minute, punctiform, very black, innate on both sides of the leaf, sub-
-conically elevated, astomous, thickly but irregularly scattered, shining,
becoming empty, but hard, so as to be with difficulty cut.

300

Frequent on dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata of last year's
growth, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria coccineo-maculata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1801. — Peri-
thecia black, seriate or inordinate, astomous, oblong, finally empty,
seated on a scarlet spot slightly elevated in the center.

On leaves of grasses, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria Andromedarum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1702. — Perithecia
minute, innate, scattered or aggregated, convex-globose finally, as it
were, circumscissile, the upper part deciduous.

On the lower side of leaves of Andromeda axillaris, Salem, N. C.

Sphceria apertiuscula, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1785. — Perithecia
scattered, brownish-black, minute, arising from the bullate paren-
chyma, at first innate, with a large opening above, finally empty.
Resembles a minute Peziza.

Rarely met with, on the lower side of leaves of Ulmus fulva,
New York State (Torrey).

Sphceria perigynicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1782. — Perithecia
scattered, very minute, astomous, black, erumpent, subconic-compressed,
at length empty, often distantly seriate-erumpent.

Met with occasionally on the perigynia of Carices, especially of
C. xanthophysa, Mt. Pocono, Pa. Allied to S. recutita.

Sphceria Angelicce lucidce, Schw. Syn. N.Am. 1781. — Perithecia.
scattered, innate, subprominent, dark, astomous, collapsing, occupying
the lower side of languishing leaves, effused on subcrustaceous, yellow
spots.

On leaves of Angelica lucida, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria herbicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1794. — Perithecia at first
concealed under an effused, subhimantoid, white crust, which finally
disappears (except around the ostiolum), leaving the scattered, black
perithecia bare. Ostiola conical, equal in length to the diameter of
the perithecia, finally deciduous; then the perithecia appear globos(
and perforated.

On leaves of various herbaceous plants, Bethlehem, Pa.

PHARCIDIA, Korber.

Parerga licheuol. p. 469.

Perithecia more or less sunk in the matrix, finally erumpent, small,
membranaceous, with a simple, perforated ostiolum. Paraphysesunit
ed in a s^imy^mass or wanting. Sporidia 1-3-septate, hyaline.

80]

The species of this genus grow exclusively on Lichen*.
P. boreal^, (Sacc.)

Epicymatia borealis, Sacc. Syll. 2236.

Perithecia small, black, 200 p. diam., adnate or semiimmersed, at
first subglobose, then variously wrinkled and, as it were, split open at
the apex. Asci cylindric-clavate, with slender, anastomosely branched
(genuine)? paraphyses. Sporidia 4-6, uniseriate, elliptical, constricted
in the middle, obtuse at the ends, with two nuclei, 15-17x 7-9 (i.

On some sterile lichen thallus, Greenland.

Collected during the English North Polar Exp. 1875-76.

Of the following genera included by Winter in the Family Sphce-
relloidece, no representatives have yet been reported as found in this
country, as far as we know.

TICHOTHECIUM, Flotow.

In Korber Krypt. Kunde (1848) p. 199.

Perithecia more or less sunk in the matrix, finally erumpent, small,
of tolerably hard, horn-like, carbonaceous substance, black, with a sim-
ply perforated ostiolum. Paraphyses united in a slimy mass, obscure
or wanting. Sporidia 8 or more in an ascus, 1-3-septate, brown (Win-
ter, Die Pilze, II, p. 348.)

As in the preceding genus, all the species are lichenicolous.

MULLERELLA, Hepp.

In Muller Principes de Classif. de lichens, XVI, Part 2d.

Perithecia more or less sunk in the matrix, globose, black, perfo-
rated above. Asci polysporous. Sporidia continuous, brown. Par-
aphyses obscure. Lichenicolous.

LIZONIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema Sferiacei p. 41.

Perithecia subaggregated, ovoid, glabrous, coriaceo-membrana-
ceous, erumpent-superficial, ostiolum minute. Asci clavate. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong, often inequilateral, uniseptate, hyaline, becoming
darker, rather large. Paraphyses none.

Foliicolous fungi, differing from Sphcerella in their subcoriaceous
perithecia crowded-erumpent, and mostly larger sporidia.

Placed by Cooke as a subgenus of Sphcerella and by Winter as
supplementary to the Fam. Cucurbitariece.

302

L. Sphagni, Cke. Grev. XVIII, p. 86.

"Perithecia scattered, subglobose, black, rather prominent, with a
mammillate ostiolum, seated on the decayed leaves and soon becoming
superficial. Asci clavate. Sporidia cylindrical, slightly curved at
one or both ends, uniseptate (then probably triseptate), hyaline, 40-50
x 8 /i."

On dead Sphagnum, Maine.

PHYSALOSPORA, Niessl.

Notiz. ueber neue und Krit. Pyr. p. 10.

Perithecia subglobose, covered, membranaceous or coriaceo-mem-
branaceous, black, with the ostiolum (typically papilliform) erumpent.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, paraphysate. Sporidia ovoid or oblong, con-
tinuous, hyaline or subhyaline.

Differs from Lcestadia in the presence of paraphyses. The peri-
thecia are also for the most part larger and of firmer texture. Includ-
ed by Winter in the next Family.

P. Wrightii, (B. & C.)

Sphczria Wrightii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 154.
Physalospora Wrightii, Sacc. Syll. 1661.
Lczstadia Wrightii, Cke. Syii. 5271.

Perithecia covered by the cuticle, collapsing and then cup-shaped.
Asci lanceolate, obtuse. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, slightly curved,
25-33 jj. long, hyaline, with a narrow, gelatinous border.

On leaves of Statice Limonium, California (Wright).

P. Arthuriana, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 569.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1665.

Perithecia epiphyllous, gregarious, on yellowish spots, innate-super-
ficial, globose-depressed, black, 125'// diam. Ostiolum obsolete. Tex-
ture of perithecium parenchymatic, yellowish-brown. Asci cylindrical,
short-stipitate, 90 x 12 //, paraphysate, rounded at the apex, 8-spored
(rarely clavate, 60x18 fi). Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, rarely bi-
seriate, ellipsoid, obtusely rounded at the ends, 11-13 x 7 ft, 2-4-nu-
cleate.

On leaves of Iva xanthifolia, partly dead, Iowa (Arthur).

P. ilicis, (Sch .)

Sphczria Ilicis, Schleich. Fr. S. M. II, p. 501.
Diplodia ilicicola, Desm. Plantes Crypt. Ed. I, 988.
Lcestadia Ilicis, Cke. Syn. 5298.
Physalospora Ilicis, Sacc. Syll. 6390.
Fxsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 196.— Desm. Exsicc. Ed. I, 988.— Rav. Fungi Car. IV, No. 63.

303

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis which is white in
the center and finally rimosely ruptured, subprominent, epiphyllous,
globose or globose-conoid, | mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, rounded
above, attenuated below into a narrow stipe-like base, 80 x 12 ju,
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, boat-shaped, rounded at the ends, 14 x
5 ju, hyaline.

On fallen leaves of Ilex opaca, So. Carolina and New Jersey.

P. philoprina, (B. & C.)

Sphcsria philoprina, B. St C. Grev. IV, p. 154.
Lcs stadia philoprina, Cke. Syn. 5283.
Physalospora philoprina, Sacc. Syll. 1685.

Perithecia shining-black, white in the center from the cuticle.
Asci oblong. Sporidia biseriate, hyaline, eymbseform.
On leaves of Ilex, North Corolina.
Doubtfully distinct from the preceding species.

P. rhodina, B. & C. in Curt. Cat. p. 148, Grev. XVII, p. 92.

Perithecia gregarious, covered, subglobose, very small, black,
with erumpent ostiola. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia sublanceo-
late, continuous, hyaline, 30-35 x 10 [i.

On branches of Rosa rubiginosa, Carolina.

P. Geranii, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 9.

Perithecia densely gregarious, convex, black, covered by the
epidermis, at length erumpent. Asci clavate, ample, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia biseriate, elliptical, continuous, granular, hyaline, 25-28 x 10 //.

On stems of Geranium, California.

P. gelsemiata, (Cke.)

Sphcsria gelsemiata, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 145.
Physalospora, gelsemiata, Cke. Syn. 4092, Sacc. Syll. 1680.

Covered, scattered or subgregarious. Perithecia subglobose, sub-
prominent. Ostiola papillate. Asci clavate. Sporidia short-lanceo-
late, hyaline, 30-35 x 10-12 ju.

On twigs of Gelsemium, Aiken, So. Carolina.

P. minutella, (Pk.)

Sphcsria minutella, Pk, 29th Rep. p. 62.
Physalospora minutella, Sacc. Syll. 1686.
Phomatospora minutella, Cke. Syn. 4347.

Perithecia minute, somewhat flattened, black, the upper part at
length breaking away and leaving the base attached to the matrix.

304

Asci sublanceolate. Sporidia oblong, simple, colorless, 7§ /i long.
On dead steins of herbs, Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck).

P. Cupressi, (B. & C.

Sphceria Cupressi, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 148.
Physalospora, Cupressi, Sacc. Syll. 1679, Cke. Syn. 4091.

Perithecia covered by the cuticle, but prominent, with a distinct
ostiolum. Asci clavate. p. sp. 75 x 20 /i. Sporidia inordinate, inequi-
laterally elliptical, hyaline, 20-23 x 10 ft.

On limbs of Cupi^essus thyoides, Carolina (Ravenel).

The measurements of asci and sporidia are taken from a spec. com.
by Farlow from Herb. Curtis.

P. ceanothina, (Pk.)

Sphceria ceanothina, Pk. 29th Rep. p. 62.

Physalospora ceanothina, Sacc. Syll. 1692, Cke. Syn. 4093.

Perithecia scattered or rarely two or three crowded together,
smooth, subglobose. Ostiola piercing the epidermis, somewhat rugged,
often curved or deformed. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong,
obtuse, sometimes curved, hyaline, 12-15 //long.

On dead steins of Ceanothus Americanus, New York.

P. Lndwigise, (Cke.)

Sphceria Ludwigice, Cke. Hedw. 1868, p. 39.
Physalospora Ludwigice, Sacc. Syll. 1720.
Phomatospora Ludwigice, Cke. Syn. 4357.

Gregarious. Perithecia covered by the blackened and raised
epidermis. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical or pyriform,
hyaline, continuous, 25 x 10 p..

On stems of Ludwigia, So. Carolina.

P. aurantia, E. & E. in Ell. & Evrht/s N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2355.

(Plate 27)

Perithecia scattered, buried in the parenchyma of the leaf, sub-
oblong, 175-200x130-150 /i, of a fine orange color, which is readilj
seen in a section of the leaf, the surface of which is uniformly black-
ened and slightly pustulate from the scarcely erumpent ostiola. As(
clavate-cylindrical, 100-110x12-15 /i, with paraphyses. Sporidit
uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, granular, hyaline, continuous, 12-22
8-9 p.

On dead leaves of Astragalus pectinatus. Sand Coulee, Montana
(Anderson).

305

P. polaris, Rostr. Fungi Greenland, p. 548.

Perithecia scattered. Asci ovate-oblong, paraphysate, 35-40 x
6-8 Jul. Sporidia elongated, guttulate, 10-12 x 2 /i.

On dried up stems of Papaver nudicaule, Kangerdlugsuak,
Greenland.

P. PotentillsB, Rostr. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, globose. Asci ovate-oblong, paraphysate,
fasciculate, 32-34 x 8-9 //. Sporidia elongated, guttulate, 10 x 1-2 p..

On dry stems and petioles of Potentilla maculata, Upernivik,
Greenland .

P. megastoma, (Pk.)

Spharella megastoma, Pk. Bot. Gaz. IV, p. 231.
Physalospora megastoma, Sacc. Syll. 1669.
La stadia megastoma, Cke. Syn. 5273.

Perithecia minute, numerous, amphigenous, at first covered by the
epidermis, then erumpent, black, with a large, circular opening at the
apex. Asci subcylindrical, 100-150x15-18 jm, paraphysate. Spo-
ridia uniseriate or crowded-biseriate, oblong-elliptical, granular,
greenish-yellow, 10-15x6-7 ju.

On living or languishing leaves of Astragalus bisulcatus, Colo-
rado (Jones), and on some leguminous plant (Astragalus), Valley City,
Dakota (Seymour).

P. bina, Hark. Bull. CaL Acad. Sci. No. I, p. 43.

Epiphyllous, shining-black, hemispherical, half free, numerous, on
irregular, whitish spots, covering a third or more of the leaf and bor-
dered by a dark line. Asci fusoid, very delicate, 2-spored, attenuated
below to a slender pedicel, paraphysate. Sporidia oblong-elliptical or
slightly boat-shaped, rounded at one end and slightly pointed at the
other, with several vacuoles, 15x6 //.

On living leaves of Quercus agrifolia, California (Harkness).

P. quercifolia, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 92.

Perithecia J-^ mm. diam., globose with a light colored nucleus,
buried in the substance of the leaf, but prominent, so as to show dis-
tinctly on both sides, covered by the epidermis which is slightly
blackened and closely adherent to the perithecia. Ostiolum papilli-
form, barely visible through the ruptured epidermis. The perithecia
finally collapse more or less distinctly. Asci oblong, 75-80x12//,
39

306

with a short, abruptly contracted base. Sporidia biseriate, narrow-
elliptical or broad-fusiform, granular, hyaline, 15-25 x 6-8 //.

With Harknessia hyalina, E. & E.T which is probably its stylos-
porous stage. On dry, dead oak leaves (Q. coccinea) still hanging on
limbs cut off last season, Newfield, N. J., June, 1885.

P. phomopsis, (C. & E.)

Sphceria phomopsis, C. & E- Grev. VII, p. 4r.
Pfiysalospora phomopsis, Sacc. Syll. 1704.

Perithecia gregarious, flattened, covered by the epidermis, mem-
branaceous, brown, 100-120 fi diam. Asci oblong or clavate-oblong,
sessile, rounded at the apex, 25-30 x 8-10 //, with rudimentary par-
aphyses. Sporidia ovate-oblong or subnavicular, hyaline, 10-1 2x3//
(12-14 x 6 /i, Cke.)

On dead stems of Desmodiwm, Newfield, N. J.

The sporidia even in specc. that have lain in the herbarium for
ten or twelve years, are mostly continuous, though a few were unisep-
tate. Some perithecia contain only stylospores {Phomd) 10-15 x
4-5 /£.

P. erratica, (C. & E.)

Sphceria erratica, C. & K. Grev. VI, p. 95, tab. 100, fig. 35.
Physalospora, erratica Sacc. Syll. 1696, Cke. Syn. 4094.

Perithecia gregarious, g'lobose-depressed, black, at length erum-
pent, often crowded. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical,
continuous, hyaline, granular within, 20-26 x 12-13 //.

On branches of Rosa, Lonicera and on stems of Solidago, New-
field, N. J.

P. oxystoma, Sacc. & Ell. Mich. II, p. 568.

Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 784.

Perithecia gregarious and often 2-4 erumpent in a cluster to-
gether, but not connate, globose-ovoid, minute, with a white nucleus.
Ostiolum acutely papiiliform, exserted. Asci oblong-clavate, sessile,
with a thick membrane, 70-80x15-17 fi (90-100 x 17-18 //, Sacc),
rounded at the apex and surrounded by jointed paraphyses. Sporidia
clavate-oblong, crowded, yellowish-hyaline, continuous, 15-20x5 p.

On dead culms of Phleum pratense, Newfield, N. J., and on dead
culms of Panicum Cwtisii, in Louisiana.

In the Louisiana specc. the perithecia are erumpent in oblong-
hysteriiform tufts about 1 mm. long, 5-8 perithecia together, connected
by an imperfectly developed, subpulverulent, black stroma.

I

307

P. leptosperma, Rostr. Fungi Groenl. p. 548.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the blackened epidermis, glo-
bose. Asci fasciculate, parapliysate, cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate, fusoid-elongated, guttulate, 12x2 p.

On dry culms and sheaths of Calamagrostis purpuruscens,
Ikertok, Greenland,

P. Orontii, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 150.

Spots elongated, dead and dry, 3-4 x 1 cm. Perithecia erumpent,
orbicular, flattened, 150-180// diam., pierced in the center with a
small, round opening, texture membranaceous. Asci oblong-cylin-
drical, with an acute, sessile base and rather abruptly narrowed,
truncate apex. Paraphyses? Sporidia biseriate and closely packed,
granular, subhyaline, 14-16x6-7 yt. Ramularia Orontii, E. & Mn
and Phyllosticta Orontii, E. & M., are not improbably connected
with this as conidia and spermogonia.

On dead spots in living leaves of Orontwm aquatdcum. New-
field, N. J.

P. uvaespora, (Cke.)

Sphatria uvtespora, Cke. Tex. Fungi No. 144.
Physalospora uvispora, Sacc. Syll. 1689.

Gregarious, covered by the cuticle. Perithecia almost globose,
rather small and not numerous, brown, pierced at the apex. Asci
clavate. Sporidia shortly clavate, simple, hyaline, in form resembling
grape stones, 12-15x5 p.

On flower stalk of Yucca, Texas.

P. Paiidani, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1 890, p. 230.

Perithecia amphigenous, on large, dull white spots with a purplish-
red border, covered by the epidermis, subglobose, 150-200 fi diam.,
membranaceous, of coarse, cellular structure, the apex and papilliform
ostiolum erumpent. Asci cylindrical, about 200x10 //, with faint,
rudimentary paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate or biseriate, hyaline,
granular, oblong-elliptical, 18-20 x 7-8 p.

On leaf of Pandanus,'m a greenhouse, Knoxville, Tenn. (Scribner).

P. zeicola, E. & E. 1. c p. 229.

Perithecia gregarious, minute (\-\ mm.), covered by the cuticle
which is slightly raised and pierced by the obtusely conical, black and
shining ostiola. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-80x12-15 p, nearly

308

sessile, with abundant paraphyses. Sporiclia crowdecl-biseriate, ellip-
tical or almond shaped, hyaline, granular, 18-20x8-10 fx.

On dead stalks of Zea Mays exposed to the weather through the
winter, Newfield, N. J.

P. conica, E. & E. 1. a

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent and superficial, conical, about
\ mm. broad and high. Asci oblong, about 75 x 20 jut, with abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, hyaline, granular, often
bulging on one side, 20-22 x 10-12 fi. The asci and sporidia are the
same as in Botryosphceria fuliginosa (in N. A. F. 475-481) but its
scattered, conical perithecia are quite different from any of the forms
included under that name.

On old canes of Arwndinaria, St. Martinsville, La. (Langlois).

P. entaxia, (C. & E.)

Sphceria entaxia, C. &. E. Grev. VI, p. 14, tab. 95, &g. 14.
Physalospora entaxia, Sacc. Syll. 1703, Cke. Syn. 4097.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 481.

Perithecia seriately erumpent, globose, black, papillate. Asci
clavate. Sporidia narrow-elliptical, 30-32x12 ju. The accompany-
ing pycnidia (Diplodia sp.) have stylospores elliptical, brown, unisep-
tate, 22 x 10 [i.

On dead branches of Andromeda ligustrina, Newfield, N. J.

P. citrispora, (B. & C.)

Sphceria citrispora, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 147.
Physalospora citrispora, Sacc. Syll. 1677, Cke. Syn. 4089.

"Quite covered by the cuticle. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate,
either lemon-shaped or narrower, 33 ju long."
On Tilia glabra, Virginian Mountains.

P. Eunotise, (B. & C.)

Sphceria Eunotice, B. & C. 1. c.
Phomatospora, Eunotice, Cke. Syn. 4350.
Physalospora Eunotice, Sacc. Syll. 1693.

"Bursting through the cuticle. Asci clavate. Sporidia oblong,
hyaline, swelling in the middle on either side, like the frustules of
Eunotia, 20-25 p. long."

On stems of Ivy, Carolina.

P. phlyctsenoides, (B. & C.)

Sphceria phlyctcenoides, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 151.
Physalospora phlyctcenoid.es, Sacc. Syll. 1705.
Phomatospora phlyctcenoides, Cke. Syn. 4356.

309

"Forming little, brown, irregular specks on a white ground. Asci
short, lanceolate. Sporidia cymbgeform with the endochrome retracted
to either end, 12-14 /j, long."

On stems of Dolichos, Alabama (Beaumont).

P. hypericina, (B. & C.)

Sph<zria hypericina, B. & C. 1. c. p. 149.
Physalospora hypericina, Sacc. Syll. 1682.
Phomatospora hypericina, Cke. Syn. 4346.

"Perithecia depressed, surrounded by the cuticle. Asci clavate.
Sporidia cymbasform, hyaline, 25 p. long."
On Hypericum, South Carolina.

P. (EnothersB, (B. & C)

» Sphceria QLnothcrcs, B. & C. 1. c. p. 151.

Phomatospora CEnotherce, Cke. Syn. 4348.
Physalospora QLnothercz, Sacc. Syll. 1687.

"Very minute black. Ostiola rather prominent. Asci clavate.
Sporidia shortly fusiform, ends obtuse, hyaline.

On Oenothera sinuata, So. Carolina.

We have seen no specimens of this and the four preceding species.
They are all placed in Phomatospora by Sacc. in Syll., and Cooke, in
his Syn. Pyr. in Grev., places them partly in Physalospora, and part-
ly in the paraphysate sections of Phomatospora and Laistadia.

Species imperfectly known.

P. subsolitaria, (Schw.)

Sphczria subsolitaria, Schw. in Fr. Elench. II, p. 86.
Physalospora subsolitaria, Sacc. Syll. 1701.

Stroma consisting only of a thin, effused, black stratum under the
epidermis and penetrating the inner bark. Perithecia erumpent, sub.
solitary, white inside. Ostiolum subprominent, white.

On bark of Rhus, Carolina and Pennsylvania.

Perithecia connected in pairs or standing singly, globose, black.
Asci elongated, suberect.

P. subsiraplex, (Schw.)

Sphceria subsimplex, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1679.
Physalospora subsimplex, Sacc. Syll. 1718.

At first very thin, covered by the whitened epidermis, then par-
tially denuded as the epidermis falls away. Ostiola translucent.
Perithecia densely crowded, partly immersed in the bark, often con-
fluent, oblong-hemispherical, depressed, rugose, black, papillate, the

310

papilla deciduous and perithecium perforated. Sporidia (fide Berk.)
ellipsoid, hyaline, 14-15 // long.

On branches of Rhus glabra, Pennsylvania and New York.

PHOMATOSPORA, Sacc.

F. Ven. Ser. II, p. 306.

Perithecia minute, covered or erumpent, scattered, membra-
naceous. Ostiolum papillate. Asci cylindric-filiform, aparaphysate.
Sporidia uniseriate, 8 in an ascus, hyaline, continuous, 2-nucleate.
Differs from Physalospora in the absence of paraphyses.

P. Datiscse, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb., 1884, p. 43.

Perithecia scattered, subepidermal. Ostiolum conical. Asci ob-
long or obclavate, 8-spored, 50-60 x 15-20 //, paraphyses none. Spo-
ridia oblong-oval, hyaline or minutely granular, with a small vacuole
at each end, 20-30 x 8-10 fi.

On dead stems of Datisca glomerata, California.

P. argyrostigma, (Berk.)

Sphceria argyrostigma, Berk. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. VI, p. 326.
Phomatospora argyrostigma, Sacc. Syll. 1654, Cke. Syn. 4339.

Perithecia widely scattered, rather small, depressed-globose,
astomous, covered by the epidermis. Spots epidermal, black, with a
white center, punctiform. Sporidia boat-shaped, hyaline. Phoma
dispersa, Berk., occurs on the opposite side of the leaf.

On decaying leaves of Yucca filamentosa, Ohio.

P. disriipta, (B. & C.)

Sphtzria disriipta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 149.
• Physalospora disrupta, Sacc. Syll. 1672.
Phomatospora disrupta, Cke. Syn. 4345..

Perithecia causing little swellings in the unaltered cuticle, which
are pierced in the center by the ostiola. Asci broad, obovate, with
two rows of hyaline, elliptical sporidia accompanied by brown, ellip-
tical, binucleate stylospores in different perithecia.

On Smilaxr South Carolina.

P. Berkeleyi, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. Ill, p. 306, F. Ital. tab. 605.

Sphtzria phomatospora, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 647, tab. 11, fig. 38.
Phomatospora Berkeleyi, Sacc. Syll. 1650, Cke. Syn. 4335.

Perithecia minute, 140-200 ji diam., sphasroid, immersed or
erumpent. Ostiolum subpapillate, punctiform; nucleus with a rose-

I

311

colored tint. Asci cylindric-filiform, rather long attenuate-stipitate
below, 100-1 15 x3| p. (p. sp. 50-60x3-3* //), 8-spored, paraphyses
none. Sporidia directly or obliquely uniseriate, oblong-ellipsoid or
subcylindrical, 6-8x2-2J fi, straight, with a nucleus in each end,
hyaline. Spermogonia in similar perithecia, but more superficial;
spermatia cylindrical, hyaline, 8-10 x 2 ju.

API0SP0RA, Sacc.

Consp. Gen. Pyr. p. 9, Syll. I, p. 539.

Perithecia covered, membranaceous, globulose, connected by a
dark colored pseudostroma. Asci 8-spored. with paraphyses more or
less distinct. Sporidia clavate-subpyriform, attenuated and often
curved below, faintly uniseptate near the lower end, hyaline or yel-
lowish.

Mostly growing on grasses.

A. Montagnei, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. II, p. 306.

Sphasria apiospora, Dur. & Mont. Fl. Alg. I, p. 492, tab. 25, fig. 1.
Hypopteris apiospora, Berk. Dec. Fungi, 485.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E). 3157.

Seriate-erumpent black, 300 p. diam. Perithecia comparatively
large, globose, uniseriate in longitudinal cracks in the epidermis, white
inside, connected by a dark-colored pseudostroma. Ostiola hemis-
pherical, umbilicate. Asci clavate or oblong, 70-90x15-20 fi. Spo-
ridia biseriate, ovate-oblong, appendiculate-pyriform, 20-25 x 8-10 /z.

On culms of Arundinaria, in the Southern States.

Specc. from Louisiana have asci 100-110x25-30 fi) sporidia
35^0 x 10 //, but specc. from Alabama have asci and sporidia agree-
ing with the measurements in Sacc. Syll.

A. Polypori, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, convex-hemispherical, about 200 /i
diam., black, carbonaceo-membranaceous. Ostiolum papilliform, soon
perforated. Asci oblong, obtuse, nearly sessile, 40-45x10-12 f±,
overtopped by the abundant linear paraphyses. Sporidia crowded-
biseriate, ovate-oblong, slightly curved or subinequilateral, about
12 x4 //, hyaline and at length with a single septum nearer the narrow
end.

On old Fomes applanatus, Newark, Delaware (Commons).

312

SPHMIULINA, Sacc.

Michelia I, p. 399.

Perithecia as in Sphmrella. Sporidia hyaline, 2-or more-septate.

S. sambiicina. Pk. 38th Rep. p. 106.

Perithecia minute, numerous, closely gregarious, unequal and
irregular, orbicular, oblong or even flexuous, covered by the epidermis,
then erumpent, opening by a pore or a narrow chink, black. Asci
clavate or subcylindrical, 75-125x12 //, without paraphyses. Spo-
ridia crowded or biseriate, oblong-clavate, 5-7-septate, constricted at
the middle septum, colorless, 23-30 x 7j-8f p) the lower half narrower
than the upper.

On dead branches of Sambucus Canadensis, New York State
(Peck).

Apparently related to S. intermixta (B. & Br.), but differs in its
longer asci and its sporidia.

S. Peckii, (Speg.)

Sphcerella Peckii, Speg. in Thum. M. U. 1356.
Metasphceria Peckii, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 172.
Sphcerulina Peckii, Cke. Syn. No. 5799.

Perithecia epiphyllous, gregarious, at first innate in the epidermis,
then protuberant, sphseroid-lenticular, texture subcarbonaceous, pierced
above, black, 100-120 p diam. Asci cylindrical, attenuated below
into a short, thick stipe, rather acutely rounded at the apex, 8-spored,
without paraphyses, 50-60 x 6-7 J p. Sporidia biseriate, hyaline,
fusoid or subcylindrical, obtusely acuminate at each end, mostly a
little curved, protoplasm at first, 2-parted and spuriously septate, then
multiseptate but never constricted, 15-18 x 3-3 \ p.

On dry leaves of Amelanchier Canadensis, Albany, N. Y.

S. dryophila, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphcerella dryophila, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 86.
Leptosphceria dryophila, Sacc. Syll. 3036.
Sphcerulina dryophila, Cke. Syn. 5816.

Epiphyllous. Spots orbicular, reddish-brown. Perithecia brown,
subimmersed. Asci clavate, sessile. Sporidia lanceolate, triseptate,
pale brown, 20 x 3 J-4 p.

On leaves of Quercus, California.

S. myriadea, (DC.) (Plate 27)

Sphczria myriadea, DC Fl. Fr. VI, p. 148.
Sphcerella myriadea, Rab. in F. Fur. 149.
Sphcerulina myriadea, Sacc. Syll. 3524.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. Fur. 149.— Thum. M. U. 2157.— Cke. F. Brit. 1st Ser. 172. — id. 2d Ser. 269..
Rav. F. Am. 156. — Kriegr. F. Sax. 279.— Sydow. M. March. 1931.— Rehm Asc. 947.

313

Perithecia densely gregarious, in tolerably large (1-10 mm.),
indefinitely limited, dendroid or variously shaped groups or patches,
at first buried, finally erumpent, spherical, perforated above, black,
90-100 ft diam. Asci clavate, sessile, 8-spored, 60 x 6 ft. Sporidia
2-3 -seriate, elongated-fusoid, somewhat pointed at the ends, slightly
curved, 3-septate, hyaline, 30-35 x 2-3 ft.

On fallen oak leaves, Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York,
N-ew Jersey and New England.

STIGMATEA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 421, (Sacc. Syll. If p. 541).

Perithecia innate-subprominent, glabrous, thin-walled. Ostiolum
minute, nucleus rather compact, white. Asci oblong, subsessile, 8-
spored, paraphysate or pseudoparaphysate. Sporidia ovoid-ellipsoid,
unequally uniseptate, yellowish-hyaline. Foliicolous, minute.

St. Robertiani, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 421. (Plate 27)

Dothidea Robertiani, Fr. S. M. II, p. 564.

Cryptosphczria nilida, Grev. Fl. Ed. p. 363.

HormotJieca Geranii, Bon. Abh. p. 149.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 4iq.— Kab. F. E. 963, 2129.— Rehm Asc. 246.— Thttm. F. Austr. 151.
id. M. U. 160— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 133 —Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2362.
Krieg. F. Sax. 230. — Erikss. F. Scand. 90. — M. March. 253.— F. Gall. 2085.

Perithecia scattered, gregarious or collected in loose groups,
superficial, sessile, hemispherical, smooth and shining, about 140 ft
broad and 50-60 ft high. Asci oblong, sessile, 8-spored, 33-45x11-
14 ft, mostly broader below, with scanty paraphyses. Sporidia sub-
biseriate, ovate-elliptical, unequally two-celled, upper cell broader,
greenish, 12-14 x4j-5 ft.

On living leaves of Geranium Robertianum, Massachusetts (Stur-
gis), Canada (Dearness).

St. Arundinarise, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 50.

Epiphyllous, gregarious. Perithecia subglobose or depressed,
black, astomous, superficial. Asci clavate. Sporidia fusoid, 4-nucleate.
at length triseptate, hyaline, 26-30 x 8-10 ft.

On Arundinaria, Georgia (Ravenel).

St. Geranii, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 421.

Dothidea Geranii, Fr. S. M. II, p. 558.

Epiphyllous. Perithecia gregarious on a purplish spot, ovate,
minute, black, glabrous. Asci elongated, 8-spored, 40 x 8 ft. Sporidia
biseriate, subclavate, didymous, hyaline, 8x4 ft.
40

314

On living leaves of Geranium Carolinianum, California (Hark-

ness).

St. Sequoise, (Cke. & Hark.)

Dothidea Sequoice, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 87.
Stigmatea Sequoice, Sacc. Syll. 2110, Cke. Syn. 1384.

Scattered, convex, black, shining, minute, unicellular. Asci
broad-clavate, sessile. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, obtuse, constricted,
uniseptate, binucleate, hyaline, 23 x 7| pu

On leaves of Cupressits, California ( Barkness).

From specc. sent by Dr. Harkness (on Libocedrus decurrens),
we add the following notes. — Asci 65-70 x 20 f±\ sporidia narrow-ovate,
unequally 2-celled, upper cell broader, 16-22 x 7-8 /jl.

St. Ranunculi, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 412.

Perithccia innate, prominent, seated on a bleached spot, crowded,
more or less scattered, globose, or sometimes subconic-attenuated above,
glabrous, smooth, black. Ostiola rounded, perforated. Asci oblong-
ovate, inequilateral, broader below, 8-spored, 50-60x13-16 yi. Spo-
ridia conglomerated, elongated-fusoid, uniseptate, straight, hyaline or
yellowish, 23-30x4-5 p.. Paraphyses none.

On leaves^and stems of Ranunculus nivalis, Upernivik and Disco,
Greenland.

St. Juniperi, (Desm.)

Doihidea Juniperi, Desm. VIII, Not. p. 13.
Stigmatea alpina, Speg. in Thum. M. U. 1057.
Microthyrium Juniperi, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 351.
Stigmatea Juniperi, Winter Die Pilze II. p. 340.
IJxsicc. Desm. Pi. Cr. de France, Ed. I, 1094.— Thum. M. U. 1057. — F,ll. N. A. F. 1191.
Linhart Fung. Hung. 73. Sacc. M. Ven. 1269.

Perithecia scattered, lenticular or subhemispherical, black, rough-
ish, perforated above, 200-300 fi diam., superficial. Asci oblong,
rounded and obtuse above, abruptly narrowed below into a short stipe,
60-70 x 20 p.. Paraphyses none. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-lanceolate,
uniseptate, 16-25x6-8 //, the septum nearer the lower end, and the
upper cell broader, yellowish-hyaline.

On living leaves of Juniperus Virginiana, Newfield, N. J., and
on Sequoia gigantea, California.

A careful examination of the Newfield and California specc. shows
that they are in all respects the same as the specc. in Desm. Exsicc.
above referred to.

St. sclerotidea, Cke Grev. V, p. 153.

Gregarious, black. Perithecia superficial, depressed. Asci cla-

315

vate. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate. Externally
resembling a small Sclerotium, Asci very soon dissolved. Sporidia
22 x 9 fx.

On leaves of Arundinaria, South Carolina (Ravenel).

DIDYMELLA, Sacc.

Mich. I, p. 377, Sacc. Syll. i. p. 545.

Perithecia covered, membranaceous, globose-depressed, minutely
papillate, mostly growing on stems or branches. Asci 4-8-spored,
paraphysate. Sporidia ovoid, ellipsoid or suboblong, uniseptate, hya-
line. Differs from Sphmrella in the presence of paraphyses. The
perithecia also are mostly larger and firmer.

D. Canadensis, E, & E, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Pa., July, 1890,
p. 232.

Perithecia irregularly but thickly scattered, buried in the bark,
which is slightly raised above them and pierced by the small, black,
papilliform ostiola, white inside, globose, about \ mm. diam. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 75-90 x 12-15 //, with abundant paraphyses. Spo-
ridia crowded-biseriate, cylindrical, obtuse, hyaline, 4-nucleate, con-
stricted in the middle, and, slightly so, near each end, 25-34 x 6-7 ft.

On dead limbs of Salix^ London, Canada (Dearness).

D. Mali, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, about \ mm. diam., buried in the substance
of the bark, except the emergent rather acutely conical ostiolum. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, about 70 x 7 ft, with abundant paraphyses. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusoid, slightly curved, about 4-nucleate, not constricted,
20-22 x 3 n, ends acute.

On the inner surface of loose hanging bark of living apple trees,
Newfield, N. J.

D. recedens, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphczria recedens, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 130 {non NieSsl),
Didymella recedens, Sacc. Syll. 2140,
Endophloca recedens, Cke. Syn. 4126.
Kxsicc. Thum. M. U. 1748 {in part).

Perithecia gregarious, minute, covered by the pustulately raised
epidermis, papillate. Asci elongated, 100 p. long. Sporidia narrowly
fnsoid, uniseptate, hyaline, 18-20 x 3 //, the two cells easily separating.

On bark of Eucalyptus^ California,

316

D. sphserellula, (Pk.)

Sphczria sphczrellula, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 66.
Endophlcea sphczrellula, Cke. Syn. 4117.
Didymella sphczrellula, Sacc. Syll. 2131.

Perithecia minute, scattered or seriately placed, covered by the
epidermis which is at length ruptured. Asci broad, obtuse, gradually
narrowed above, suddenly contracted at the base. Sporidia crowded,
fusiform, uniseptate, hyaline 12-15 fi long.

On dead, bleached twigs of Acer Pennsylva?iicu?n, Catskill Mts.,
New York.

D. segna, (€. & E.)

Sphczria segna, C. & K. Grev. VI, p. 95.
Didymella segna, Sacc. Syll. 2141.
Endophlcea segna, Cke. Syn. 4127.

Perithecia gregarious, covered, perforated above, raising the epi-
dermis into pustules which are soon ruptured above. Asci oblong-
clavate, 35x0-7 /i, paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong,
uniseptate and often slightly constricted, 12-13 x 3 //. (15x7 /i, Cke.)

On dead branches of Nyssa multi/lora, Newfield, N. J.

D. Celtidis, (B. & C.)

Sphczria Celtidis, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 146.
Didymella Celtidis, Sacc. Syll. 2144.
Endophlcea Celtidis, Cke. Syn. 4129.

"Perithecia closely packed but distinct, covered by the bark,
which is slightly raised, so that the whole looks like fine shagreen.
Ostiola rather prominent. Asci short and with four sporidia which
are oblong, obtuse, uniseptate."

On branches of Celtis, South Carolina.

D. castanella, (C. & E.)

Sphczria castanella, C. & K. Grev. VII, p. 10.
Didymella castanella, Sacc. Syll. 2142.
Endophlcea castanella, Cke. Syn. 4128.

Perithecia loosely embraced by the ruptured cuticle, here and
there gregarious. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, uni-
septate, hyaline, 16 x 3 fi.

On dead twigs of Casta?iea, Newfield, N. J.

D. Raiiii, (E. & E.)

Sphczria {Didymella) Rauii, PJ. & F,. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 90.
Endophlcea Rauii, Cke. Syn. 4138.
Didymella Rauii, Sacc. Syll. 6476.
Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1336.

317

Perithecia scattered or 2-3 together on the surface of the inner
bark, and covered by the thin, loosened cuticle which is pierced by
the papilliform ostiola. Asci 35-40 x 6-7 /jl, with slender paraphy-
ses. Sporidia biseriate, obloug-fusiform, uniseptate, constricted at the
septum and slightly curved, yellowish-hyaline, with a faint, bristle-like
appendage at each end, and a nucleus in each cell, 7-8 x 1 J— 2 fx.

On dead branches of cultivated roses, Bethlehem, Pa. (Rau).

D. lophospora, Sacc. & Speg. Mich. I, p. 376, F. Ital. tab. 3676.

Exsicc. N. A. F. 588.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the cuticle, subprominent and
subglobose, scarcely papillate, § mm. diam., texture compact, dark.
Asci thick-clavate, 65-75 x 12 jut (p. sp. 50 x 12 //), stipitate, with
abundant filiform paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, cylindric-
fusoid, straight or curved, 15-18x3-4 /1 (16-17x5-6 ji Sacc), uni-
septate and obtuse, constricted in the middle, hyaline, with a broad,
ill-defined appendage at each end. Var. Acetosellce, Ell. & Sacc. has
asci 80-90x8-10 ju, sporidia 10-12x4 pu

On fallen oak leaves, Ohio. On peduncles of Rhus copallina,
bark of grape vines, twigs of Sassafras, and capsules of (Enothera,
Newfield, N. J., and on Staphylea, in Pennsylvania.

D. Cornuti, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia scattered, minute, 175-200 p diam., attached to the
blackened surface of the stem just beneath the thin epidermis which is
barely pierced by the prominent ostiola. Asci cylindrical, nearly
sessile, 65-70 x 7 p. Paraphyses present. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform,
yellowish, very slightly curved, uniseptate and constricted, becoming
3-septate, 20-25 x 3-3J p, ends subobtuse.

On dead stems of Asclepias Cornuti, London, Canada (Dearness).

D. Andropogonis, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia hypophyllous, subgregarious, about \ mm. diam.,
buried in the substance of the leaf, with the apex and short, conic-cylin-
drical ostiolum projecting. Asci cylindrical, narrow, 80-90 x 5 p, with
filiform paraphyses. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, fusoid-oblong,
3-nucleate, becoming 1-2-septate and constricted, acute at first, but
finally obtuse, hyaline or yellowish-hyaline, 12-15 x 3 p, some of them
very slightly curved. Near D. subgemina, B. & C.

On dead leaves of Andropogon muricatus, St. Martinsville, La.

318

D. Megarrhizse, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 9.

Sphceria Megarrhizce, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 18?
Didymella Cookeana, Sacc. Syll. 6479.
Kxsicc. EH. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1661.

Gregarious. Perithecia subcorneal, black, small, shining, at first
covered, the acute ostiolum at length erumpent. Asci cylindric-clavate,
8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, constricted in the middle,
straight, hyaline, 16-18 x 7 p..

On stems of Megarrhiza, California.

D. Fiischiae, Cke. & Hark. 1. c.

Scattered or subgregarious. Perithecia globose-depressed, black,
covered by the epidermis, the conical ostiolum emergent. Asci cylin-
dric-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, straight or curved, unisep-
tate, not constricted, binucleate, hyaline, 15 x 5 /a.

On steins of Fuschia, California.

D. Lupini, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria {Didymella) Lupini, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p 18.
Didymella Lupini, Sacc Syll. 6482, Cke. Syn. 4392.

Perithecia scattered, punctiform, covered, depressed-globose,
slightly papillate. Asci clavate. Sporidia uniseptate, elliptical, yel-
lowish-hyaline (immature)? granulose, 15-17x6-7 ft.

On stems of Lupinus, California.

D. nivalis, (Fckl.)

Sphceria nivalis, Fckl. in Die zweite deutsch Nordpolarf. p. 93, tab. 1, fig. 5.
Didymella nivalis, Sacc. Syll. 6483.

Perithecia lying under the dry, whitened epidermis of the leaves
and stems, gregarious, minute, globose, very black. Ostiolum black,
acute, subprominent. Asci oblong-ovate, attenuated towards each end,
with a thick membrane, 8-spored, 94 x 20 ju. Sporidia collected in a
mass or subbiseriate, oblong, unequally didymous, ends obtuse, slightly
constricted at the septum, hyaline, 20x8 p..

On dry stems and leaves of Epilobium latifolium, Franz-
Joseplrs-Fiord, in Greenland.

D. prominens, E. & E. Journ. My col. II, p. 101.

Fxsicc. FH. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1796.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, scattered, ovate-hemispherical,
\ mm. diam., black, rough, except the prominent, tubercular-conical or
short-cylindrical ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical, subsessile, 40-
45 x 6-7 fit with filiform paraphyses, and eight subfusoid or subcymbi-

319

form, uniseptate, hyaline sporidia 10-12x3-4 /u, slightly constricted
at the septum.

On dead stems of Ambrosia trijida, Louisiana (Langlois).

D. subexserta, C. & E.

Sphceria subexserta, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 42.
Didymella subexserta, Sacc. Syll. 2180, Cke. Syn. Pyr. 4408.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 189.

Perithecia scattered, depressed-globose, J mm. diam., buried in
the substance of the stem, with the short-cylindrical, obtuse ostiolum
slightly projecting. Asci subclavate, about 60 jul long. Sporidia
biseriate, narrow-elliptical, constricted and uniseptate in the middle,
each cell 2-nucleate, 10-12 x 3-4 p.

On dead stems of Lactuca Canadensis, Newfield, N. J., and on
Lactuca Floridayia, Louisiana (Langlois).

D. fruetigena, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered or gregarious or 2-3 together, but not con-
fluent, 100-150 //. diam., subglobose, prominent, but covered, except
the apex and papillifbrm ostiolum, by the thin epidermis ; when grow-
ing on the denuded cherry stones, superficial, with the base adnate.
Asci oblong-cylindrical, subsessile, 34—40x6-7 //, paraphysate. Spo-
ridia inordinate, oblong-fusoid, slightly curved, uniseptate and con-
stricted, the upper cell abruptly swollen just above the septum, the
lower cell narrower and acute, 12-15 x3-3| ju, hyaline.

On dried up cherries (cult), and on the bare cherry stones lying
on the ground, Newfield, N. J.

D. intercellularis, (B. & C.)

Sphceria inter celhdaris, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 153.
Didymella intercellularis, Sacc. Syll. 2183, Cke. Syn. 4412.

" Perithecia contained in the larger or dilated cells, about 50 fi
diam., with a few radiating threads. Asci short, thicker at the base.
Sporidia shortly cymbiform, uniseptate, 12-13 p. long.7'

On Typha, Massachusetts.

D. Nebraska^ (B. & C.)

Sphceria Nebrask.cz, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 154.
Didymella Nebraskce, Sacc. Syll. 2186, Cke. Syn. 4415.

"Minute, shortly hysteriiform. Asci oblong, slightly swollen.
Sporidia elliptical, biseriate, uniseptate, 12-16 fi long."
On leaves of grass, Nebraska.

320

D. Douglasii, E. & E.

Sphcsrella conigena, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Pa., July, 1890, p. 230.

Perithecia gregarious on the back of the exposed tip of the scale,
minute (74—110 /*), buried, except the black, smooth, conic-papilliform
apex. Asci narrow clavate-cylindrical, gradually attenuated below,
75-80 x 5 /jl, paraphyses filiform. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate, unisep-
tate and constricted at the septum, hyaline, 6-7x3-3| p.

On scales of dead cones of Abies Doiiglasii, Belt Mts., Montana
(Anderson).

D. onosmodina, (Pk. & CI.)

Sphczria onosmodina, P. & C. 30th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 67.
Didymella onosmodina, Saec. Syll. 2165, Cke. Syn. 4388.

Perithecia numerous, minute, at first covered by the epidermis,
then exposed, depressed, black. Ostiola pierced. Asci cylindrical.
Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline,
15-1 8 \ /j. long, the cells usually unequal.

On dead stems of Onosmodium Caroli?iianum, Buffalo, N. Y.

D. Dioscorese, (B. & C.)

SpluEria DioscorecE, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152.
Didymella Dioscoretz, Sacc. Syll. 2190, Cke. Syn. 4419.

" Very minute. Asci short, with few sporidia, which are oblong
and uniseptate, about three times longer than broad," (20 ji long).
On stems of Dioscorea, South Carolina.

D. lathyrina, (B. & C.)

SphcEtia lathyrina, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 155.
Didymella lathyrina, Sacc. Syll. 2167, Cke. Syn. 4391.

11 Very minute. Asci oblong. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, oblong,
uniseptate, constricted at the septum, biseriate, 7-8 /ut long."
On stems of Lathyrus latifolius, Pennsylvania.

D. commanipula, (B. & Br.)

Sphceria commanipula, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 645, tab. II, fi^. 31.
Didymella commanipula, Sacc. Syll. 2173, Cke. Syn. 4399.

" Scattered, at first subglobose, covered, at length denuded, col-
lapsed. Ostiola minute. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia biseriate, short
elliptic-cymbiform, uniseptate, sometimes decidedly conical, with a con-
striction about the center."

Specc. collected in California, on stems of spikenard, were doubt-
fully referred to this species in Grev. VII, p. 74.

321

D. eumorpha, (B. & C.)

Sphcrria eumorpha, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 145.
Sphcerella eumorpha, Cke. Journ. Bot. 1883.
Didymella eumorpha, Sacc. Syll. 2191, Cke. Syn. 4420.

"Linear, closely surrounded by the cuticle, opening with a narrow
slit. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, -short-oblong or cymbiform, 12-
15x3 //, uniseptate."

On culms of Arundinaria, South Carolina,

D. hyperborea, (Karst.)

Sphczria hyperborea, Karst. Fungi Spetsb. No. 42.
Didymella hyperborea, Sacc. Syll. 2148.

Perithecia scattered, hypophyHous, sunk in the parenchyma of
the leaf and covered by the blackened epidermis which is at length
ruptured, subsphaeroid, collapsing to cup-shaped, pierced with a very
minute orifice, black, when moistened brownish-black, glabrous, smooth,
about 250 // diam. Asci clavate-cylindrical, subsessile, 90-100 x 11-
12 //, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, ellipsoid, uniseptate, hyaline,
14-17 x 7-8 ft. Paraphyses filiform, guttulate, slender.

On Cassiope tetragona, Ameralik, Greenland.

D. pteridicola, (B. & (.)

Spharia pteridicola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 145.
Didymella pteridicola, Sacc. Syll. 2195, Cke. Syn. 4424.

" Perithecia forming little gray, parallel lines, covered with the
cuticle. Asci clavate. Sporidia oblong, slightly curved, obtuse at
each end, uniseptate, 15 ft long."

On stalks of Pteris.

D. Catariae, (€. & E.)

Sphczria Catarics, C..& E. Grev. V, p. 95.
Didymella Cataricz, Sacc. Syll. 2175, Cke. Syn. 4402.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, slightly promi-
nent, depressed-globose, 150-200 fi diam., with a papilliform ostiolum.
Asci clavate, 55-80 x 12 fi, paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, narrow-
elliptical, slightly curved, ends obtusely pointed, hyaline, uniseptate,
15-18x6-7// (20x8//, Cke.)

On dead stems of Nepeta Cataria, New Jersey, Ohio and Canada.
Closely allied to the next species.

Species imperfectly known.

D. incommiscibilis, (B. & C.)

Sphczria incommiscibilis, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 151.
Didymella incommiscibilis, Sacc. S3-II. 2176, Cke. Syn. 4403.

41

322

• -.

" Minute, covered by the cuticle. Ostiola projecting, papilliform.
Asci linear. Sporidia fusoid, narrow, at length uniseptate."
On stalks of some herbaceous plant, Virginian Mountains.

D. comMlliens. (B. & C.)

Sphceria combulliens, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 147.
Didymella combulliens, Sacc. Syll. 2192, Cke. Syn. 4421.

"Scattered, covered by the cuticle, with the exception of the
minute ostiolum. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, uniseptate."
On stems of Arundinaria, (South Carolina) ?

D. jiincma, (B. & Rav.)

Sphceria juncina, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 145.
Didymella juncina, Sacc. Syll. 2184, Cke. Syn. 4413.

" Forming little discolored patches which are studded with the
ostiola. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, constricted slightly at the septum.''
On JuncuS) South Carolina.

FAMILY. GNOMONIEJI.

Perithecia as in the Sphcerelloidece, but with a cylindrical or
subulate ostiolum. Asci mostly without paraphyses. Sporidia oblong,
fusoid or filiform, continuous or uniseptate, hyaline.

GNOMONIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema Sfer. p. 57, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 561.

Perithecia covered or erumpent, submembranaceous, glabrous,
generally separate. Ostiolum more or less elongated, cylindrical, cen-
tral or lateral. Asci mostly aparaphysate, 4-8-spored, often perforated
at the apex. Sporidia oblong, elliptical or 'fusoid, continuous or uni-
septate, hyaline. Fungi minute, foliicolous or more rarely caulicolous.

A. Sporidia continuous, oblong or fusoid (Gnomoniella).
G. curvicolla, (Pk.)

Sphceria curvicolla, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 50.
Gnomoniella curvicolla, Sacc. Syll. 1584.
Gnomonia curvicolla, Cke. Syn. 3856.

Perithecia small, 75-100 /i diain., scattered or 2-3 confidently
crowded, erumpent, at length naked, hemispherical, black. Ostiola
subcylindrical, slightly curved. Asci oblong. Sporidia crowded or
biseriate, colorless, 15-23 x7j ji.

On decaying stems of Polygonum articulatum, Center, N. Y.

323

U. tubseformis, (Tode).

Sphceria tubceformis, Tode. Fungi Meckl. II, p. 51.
Gnomoniella tubiformis, Sacc. Syll. 1567.
Gnomonia tubiformis, Cke. Syn. 3839.
Ctratostoma tubceforme, Ces. & De Not. Schema p. 54.
Gnomonia tubceformis, Awd. Mycol. Eur. Pyr. p. 22, tab. 8, fig. 121.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 866.— Kze. F. Sel. 249,— Rab. F. E- 54, 1454.— Rehm Asc. 96.— Desm.
PI. Crypt. 442.

Perithecia in dense groups often covering the whole lower surface
of the leaf, sunk in the parenchyma, covered by the epidermis and hem-
ispherically prominent on both sides, the cylindrical, often curved osti-
olum about equal in length to the diameter of the perithecium, erum-
pent, dark brown, about 400 p. diam. Asci oblong, with a short stipe,
8-spored, 35-70x14-16 \±. Sporidia imperfectly biseriate, oblong or
"elliptic-oblong, often inequilateral, hyaline, 14-15 x 5|-6 //.

On fallen alder leaves, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schweinitz),
New Jersey and New York.

G. emarginata, Fckl. Symb. p. 122.

Gnomoniella emarginata, Sace. Syll. 1571.
Sphceria mirabilis, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 80.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 876.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2139.— Kze. F. Sel. 252.— (Rab.
Winter F. Eur. 2756) ?

Perithecia scattered, covered, tolerably large, lenticular, black,
with a round, slender beak 1-1 1 lines long arising from the concave
side of the perithecium. Asci elliptical, stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia
fusoid, often curved, continuous, binucleate, hyaline.

On petioles of decaying leaves of Acer ruhrum, Newfield, N. J.

In the Newfield specc. the asci are oblong-elliptical, 70-80 x 15-
20 fi. Sporidia fasciculate, broad-fusoid , 4-nucleate, 25-30 x4J [i,
witli a broad (6-8 x 4 p.), ovate, hyaline appendage at each end, but
this is soon absorbed. See Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 81.

Whether this is really the G. emarginata, Fckl., may be open to
some doubt. The specc. distributed in Fungi Rhenani are (sec. Win-
ter) immature, affording neither asci nor sporidia and no measurements
are given in the original diagnosis. In the Newfield specc, as well as
in those in the Exsiccati quoted, the perithecia can hardly be called
"emarginate," though some of them are slightly so. Peck's Sphceria
mirabilis (on fallen birch leaves) certainly belongs here.

G. tenella, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 80. (Plate 32)

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N, A. F. 2d Ser. 2140.

Perithecia amphigenous, scattered, mostly on the lamina of the
leaf and not confined to the veinlets, depressed-globose, small (J- J mm),
covered by the cuticle which is raised above it. Ostiolum black,

324

straight, bristle-like, about I mm. long. Asci fusoicl, 50-70x6-7//.
Sporidia fasciculate, narrow cylindrical, nucleate, 16-22 x l|-2 //., with
a long, slender-pointed, hair-like appendage at each end 15-20 //long.

On fallen and decaying leaves of Acer rubrum, Newfield, N. J.

The apical appendages on the sporidia are coiled in the upper
part of the ascus, and when this is ruptured, protrude like the sporidia
in some species of Ophiobolus. The perithecia occur also on the
petioles of the leaf, and are more perfectly developed there, but are
readily distinguished from those of G. emarginata by their shorter,
thinner ostiola and also by the color of the petiole itself, which is of a
lighter color when occupied by the last mentioned species.

Specimens on Mubus fricticosus in Kunze's Fungi Sel. 113. re-
ferred to G. setacea, Pers., are much like this, if not the same.

G. Andropogonis, E. & E. in (Herb.)

Perithecia buried in the substance of the leaf, subglobose, about
J mm. diam., membranaceous, black, collapsing from below. Ostiolum
sublateral, erumpent, cylindrical, subobtuse, projecting about J mm.
Asci (p. sp.) oblong-lanceolate, 40 x 10 /i, aparaphysate. Sporidia
fasciculately crowded, cylindric-fusoid, hyaline, septate, each cell 1-2-
nucleate, slightly curved, 20-25 x 4 ti.

On decaying basal leaves of Andropogon, Newfield, N. J.

G. petiolophila, (Pk.)

SphcBria petiolophila, Pk. 35th Rep. p. 144.

Gnomonia petiolophila, Sacc. Syll, 6491, Cke. Syn. 3877.

Perithecia minute, scattered, covered by the epidermis which is
pierced by the prominently papillate or short-rostrate ostiola, depressed-
globose, black. Asci narrow, subcylindrical, 40-45 fx long. Sporidia
biseriate, narrow-fusiform, pointed at each end, hyaline, 12-15x2 /i,
sometimes with 3-4 nuclei.

On petioles of fallen leaves of Acer spicatam, Helderberg Mts.,
N. Y.

G. Magnolias, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 318. (Plate 32)

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1354.

Perithecia rather large, buried in the parenchyma of the leaf, the
short, rufous, subulate-conical ostiola alone being visible. Asci oblong-
elliptical, 40x7-8 fx. Sporidia fusiform, acute, pale straw-color,
obscurely nucleate, 11-19 x 2 /1.

On fallen leaves of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

325
G. amcena, (Nees.), var. petiolornm, (Schw).

Sphceria petiolorum, Schw. Syn. Car. 153.

Gnomonia amcena, Nees. var. petiolorum, Schw. Cke. Syn. 3840.
Exsicc. Raw Fungi Car. I, No. 64.— EH- & Evrht. N. A. F. 2dSer. 2543.— Rav. F. Am. 374.

Perithecia gregarious, buried, about 400 ft diam., the slender
ostiolum about 1 mm. long, rising through a white, granular, superficial
tubercle. Asci clavate, p. sp. 1 8-22 x 6 a or, including the slender
base, 30-35 ft long. Sporidia fasciculately crowded, narrow-fusiform,
nearly straight, 10-12 x 1J-1J /i, 3-4-nucleate, hyaline, continuous.

On fallen and decaying petioles of Liquidambar, Carolina, Lou-
isiana and New Jersey, (sec. Peck also on fallen petioles of ash, New
York).

The typical form is found in Europe on petioles and leaves of
Gorylus, and has, sec. Sacc, asci 36 x 8 ft and sporidia 8x4/.*, contin-
uous and 2-4-nucleate ; sec. Winter, asci 45-50x9-10 ft, sporidia
fusoid, acute, septate and constricted in the middle, hyaline. 12-16 x 3

G. excentrica, (C. & P.)

Sphceria excentrica, C. & P. 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 105.
Gnomoniella excentrica , Sacc. Syll. 1585.
Gnomonia excentrica, Cke. Syn. 3857.

Perithecia scattered, depressed, black, at first covered by the
epidermis, which is pierced by the excentric or lateral, curved, acute,
rostellate ostiolum; at length superficial. Asci subclavate. Sporidia
crowded or biseriate, subfusiform, 4-nucleate, hyaline, 8J-9 ft long.

On dead stems of Polygonum, New York State.

G. vulgaris, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 58.

Sphceria Gnomon, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 50, fig. 125.
Ceratosioma Gnomon, Fr. S. M. II, p. 497.
Cryptosphceria Gnomon, Grev. Flora E)din. p. 360.
Gnomoniella vulgaris, Sacc. Syll. 1578.
Exsicc. Rab. F. F. 1453.— Rehm Asc. 95.— Thum. F. Austr, 163.— Thum. M. U. 562.

Perithecia scattered, hypophyllous, at first sphaeroid, covered,
then emergent and collapsed, beak elongated, straight, often a little
thickened towards the end, as long as, or a little longer, than the
diameter of the perithecium. Asci elongated-fusoid, briefly stipitate,
32-42 x 5-6 ft. Sporidia conglobate, rod-shaped, subacute, 4-nucleate.
straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 12-18 x 1-2 ft.

On leaves of Ostrya Virginica, Troy, N. Y. (Peck).

326

B. Sporidia uniseptate (lUugnomonia)*
(h setacea, (Pers.)

(Plate 32)

Sphceria setacea, Pers. in Usteri, Ann. d. Bot. St, n, p. 25, taf. 2, fig. 7 a.
Gnomonia setacea, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 58.
Gnomonia nervisequia, Fckl. Symb. p. 122. (sec. Winter).

Sphceria ischnostyla, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill, Ser. torn. XI, p. 375 (sec. Awd.)
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh, 871, 878.— Kze. F. Sel. 113, 251. — Rehm Asc. 494, 495.— Rab. F. E.
1450? 2756.— Thum. M. U. 455, 1 741. —Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2138.

Perithecia mostly hypophyllous, scattered, covered, globose, black,
200-300 ft diam., with a very long, slender, thread-like ostiolum gen-
erally curved and twice as long as the diameter of the perithecium.
Asci oblong-clavate or fusoid, contracted below into a short stipe,
4-8-spored, 30-40x6-9 fi. Sporidia fasciculate-crowded, fusoid or
rod-shaped, subacute at the ends and often with a bristle-like append-
age, straight or slightly curved, septate in the middle, but not con-
stricted, hyaline, 12-16 xl|-2 fi.

On fallen leaves of Quercus, Castanea and many other trees,
common.

Specc. on fallen leaves of Carya, found at Newfield, N« J., have
the sporidia 20-25 ju long, but do not differ otherwise from the usual
form.

G. Myricse, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 17.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2137.

Perithecia hypophyllous, gregarious, small, only the rostrate osti-
olum piercing the cuticle. Asci clavate, 25-30 x 6-7 ju, 8-spored.
Sporidia mostly biseriate, narrow-elliptical, hyaline, 4-nucleate, becom-
ing unequally uniseptate, 6-8 x 2J— 3 /i (10 p. long, Cke.)

On red-brown spots on living leaves of Myrica eerifera, or on
fallen leaves without spots, Newfield, N. J.

G. Alni, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 74.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2360.

Perithecia minute, in clusters, buried in the substance of the leaf,
Ostiola elongated, slightly tapering at the apex. Asci ovate-elongatedr
35-40 x 10-15 fi. Sporidia 8, hyaline, curved, uniseptate. nucleate,
22-25 x 3-4 p..

On living leaves of Alnus, California.

The bases of the perithecia project slightly on the opposite side of
the leaf, raising the -surface into minute tubercles.

G. clavulata, Ell. Am. Nat. March. 1883, p. 318.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1685,

327

Perithecia membranaceous, globose, 100-165 /i diam.. rough, bed-
ded in the substance of the leaf, their bases projecting on the lower
surface and their cylindrical, obtuse, subclavate ostiola about equal in
length to the diameter of the perithecia, projecting above. Asci
oblong-cylindrical, p. sp. 35-40 x 5-6 //, aparaphysate. Sporidia
biseriate, narrow-elliptical, subacute, 4-nucleate at first, becoming un-
equally uniseptate and obtuse, 7 J-9 x 2-2 \ ft, yellowish-hyaline.

On fallen leaves of Quercus nigra and Carya, Newfield, N. J.

The tips of the ostiola are generally enlarged into a knob-like
swelling, and are somewhat cup-shaped with a large opening.

C. Perithecia covered by an imperfect stroma {Mamiania).

GL Coryli, (Batsch).

Sphceria Coryli, Batsch Elench. Cont. IT, p. 131.

Mamiania Coryli, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 37, and Winter Die Pilze p. 670.

Gnomonia Coryli, Awd. M. Eur. Pyr. p. 23, fig. 1123, and Cke. Syn. 3863.

Gnomoniella Coryli, Sacc. Syll. 1590.
Exsice. Fckl. F. Rh. 881.— Rab. F. E. 333, 3260.— Thum. F. Austr. 248.— id. M. U. 1453.
Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser. 278— Eriks. F. Scand. 291.— Ell. N. A. F. 598.— Desm. Pi.
Crypt. Ed. I, 1762.— id. Ed. 2d 1412.

Perithecia hypophyllous, separate, arranged in a circle, sunk in
the parenchyma of the leaf, covered on both sides by the blackened
and inflated epidermis, depressed-sphseroid, or even lenticular, about
300 fi diam., with a stout, cylindrical beak about equal in length to
the diameter of the perithecium, rising through a minute, pallid disk.
Asci clavate, with a short stipe, 36-40 x 7 /*, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate, obovoid, simple, subhyaline, granular, 7x3 fi. Spermo-
gonium Leptotliyrium Coryli, Fckl.

On leaves of Corylus, from Maine to Oregon; var. spiralis, Pk.
34th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 57, differs from the ordinary form in
having the ostiola spirally coiled in about two volutions. All the
ostiola on the same leaf are coiled.

G. fimbriata, (Pers.)

Sphceria fimbriate/,, Pers. Syn. p. 56.

Mamiania fimbriata, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 37.

Gnomoniella fimbriata , Sacc. Syll. 1589.

Gnomonia fimbriata, Awd. in Rab. F. E. No. 928.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 882.— Kriegr. F. Sax. 133.— Kze. F. Sel. 107.— Erikss. F. Scand. 197.
Sydow M. March. 479.— Rehm Asc. 291.— Thum. F. Austr. 867.— Cke. F. Brit. 2d
Ser. 277.— Desm. PI. Crypt, de Fr. 1st Ser. 969.— L,inn. F. Hung. 252.— EH. &Evrht.
N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2361.

Stromata irregularly scattered or sometimes subconfluent, irregu-
larly rounded, flat-pulvinate, shining-black, |-2 mm. broad, hypo-
phyllous. Perithecia 2-20 in a stroma, slightly prominent, globose,
400-500 fj. diam., membranaceous, with long, cylindrical, mostly curved,

328

black ostiola, which are surrounded below with a white fringe formed
from the laciniately torn epidermis. Asci oblong, with a short stipe,
thickened at the apex, 8-spored, 40-50 x 8-10 fx. Sporidia biseriate,
ovate-elliptical, septate near the lower end, hyaline, 9-11 x 3|-4/z.

On leaves of Carpinus Americana, Rhode Island, Canada and
New York.

D. Sporidia filiform (Cryptoderis),

GL melanostyla, (DC.)

Sphceria melanostyla, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 129.
Gnomonia melanostyla, Awd. I,eipz. Tausch-Verein, i860, p. 4.
Gnomoniella, melanostyla, Sacc. Syll. 1591.
Exsicc, Fckl. F. Rh. 869.— Kze. F. Sel. 1 15.— Rehm Asc. 244.— Rab. F. E. 744, 2055.— Thum.
M. U. 265.— Sydow M. March. 157.— Krieg. F. Sax. 333.— Desm. PL Crypt. Ed. I,
1788.— id. Ed, 2d 1438.

Perithecia hypophyllous, thickly scattered, sunk in the parenchyma
of the leaf, finally erumpent, with an upright, straight and very long,
fusiform beak, depressed-spherical, black, about 300 p. broad and 200 //
high. Asci oblong-fusoid, stipitate-attenuated below, 8-spored, 55-60 x
4-6 ji. Sporidia filiform, lying parallel in the asci, the upper part
swollen, hyaline, 36-42 x 1 fi.

On leaves of Tilia, New York State (fide Peck) and Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schweinitz).

G. Sassafras, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Olub, X, p. 98.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1684.

Perithecia hemispherical, erumpent, about 200 /jl diam., scattered
over the lower surface of the leaves and along the midrib. Ostiola
filiform, 200-250 // long, of fibrous texture, subhyaline above, a little
bent. Asci lanceolate, or nearly cylindrical, abundant, mostly curved,^
50 x 4 /i, aparaphysate. Sporidia filiform, with a faint yellowish tinger I
indistinctly multinucleate, 35-50 x f ju.

On the under side of leaves of Sassafras, Ohio (Kellerman), and
New Jersey.

Species imperfectly known.
G. pruina, (Schw.)

Sphceria pruina, Schw. Syn, N. Am. 1770.
Gnomonia pruina, Cke. Syn. 3909.

Scattered, very minute, at first immersed, finally emergent, very
black, globose, elongated into a subsetaceous, black, deciduous osti-
olum. Covered at first, as well as the leaf, with a white pruinosity.

On the under side of leaves of Vitis aestivalis, Bethlehem, Pa,

329

DITOPELLA, De Not. (Plate 32)

Sferiacei Ital. p. 42.

Perithecia corticolous, covered. Ostiolum suberumpent. Asci
subclavate, polysporous, aparaphysate. Sporidia oblong or fusoid,
contiimous, subhyaline.

D. Hosackiae, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphczrella? Hosackice, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 86.
Ditopella Hosackice, Sacc. Syll. 1739, Cke. Syn. 4111.

Scattered, covered, punctiform. Perithecia globose-depressed.
Asci clavate, sessile, containing about 16 sporidia, which are ellipsoid,
hyaline, about 6 x 2| /x.

On twigs of Ffosackia, California.

^^jDecc. sent by Harkness afford only subcuticular, flattish

with elliptic-oblong, brown stylospores, 3-septate,

divided by a longitudinal septum (Dichomera

K. in ibv:

FAMILY

Perithecia mem™
form or short-conical ostiolum, or
in the matrix with only the ostiolum projecting, finally often eruni
and nearly free and superficial by the falling away of tm7epn?SB(|
Asci clavate-cylindrical, paraphysate. Sporidia 1- or more-septate,
(muriform in Pleospora), mostly colored, elliptical, oblong, fusoid or
filiform.

DIDYMOSPHMlA, Fckl.

Symbolae Mycol. p. 140.

Perithecia covered by the epidermis, submembranaceous, with a
minute, papilliform ostiolum. Asci paraphysate, 4-8-spored. Spo-
ridia ovoid-oblong, uniseptate, colored (brown).

D. palmacea, (Cke.)

Sphceria palmacea, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 12.
Anthostomella palmacea, Sacc. Syll. 1085.
Didymosphczrella palmacea, Cke. Syn. 4675.

Immersed, covered. Perithecia very small, subglobose, about
100 p. diam. Ostiolum punctiform, barely erumpent. Asci cylin-
42

330

drical, 75x10 jul, paraphysate. Sporidia uniscriate, oblique, often
lying crosswise in the asei, oblong-elliptical, brown, obtuse, constricted
and uniseptate in the middle, 10-12x4-4| /x (13 x 6 /x, Cke.).

On palm leaves, California.

Some of the perithecia are filled with curved, hyaline, 12x1.}-
1 \ /x sporules (Phlyctcena).

The diagnosis is from specc, sent by Dr. Harkness.

D. Parnassias (Pk.)

Sphceria Parnassice, Pk. 27th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p, in.
Didymosphceria Parnassice, Sace. Syll. 2647.
Didymosphcerella Parnassice, Cke. Syn. 4657.

Perithecia scattered, convex or subhemispherical, prominent,
pierced above, black. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia long, narrow, uni-
septate, generally constricted at the septum, often slightly curved,
colored, 30-33 /x long, with 1-2 nuclei in each cell.

On dead stems of Parnassia Carolii

Spheeria

Ihdvnw
LCxsiec '

D. grumata, (Cj

w

the blackened and swollen
mm. dinni.. obtusely papillate, black.
2-15 n., with branching paraphyses, 8-spore4.
Sporidia subbist-j late, clavate-oblong, uniseptate, hyaline, at length be-
coming pale brown and constricted, 21 x 8 /x, at first with a gelatinous
envelope.

On living stems of Andromeda ligustrina, Newfield, N. J.

D. accedens, Sacc. Proc. Rochester Acad. March, 1890, p. 48.

Perithecia gregarious, covered, \-\ mm. diam., nucleus at first
white. Ostiolum papilliform, erumpent. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
120 x 10 /i, paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate, 6-8 in an ascus, ellip-
tical, rounded at the ends, uniseptate and slightly constricted, dark
brown, 20-22 x 9-11 ft. Allied to D. Rhamni and D. incerta, but
with a different ostiolum and asci.

On bark of Fraxinus, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

D. Andropogonis, Ell. & Lang. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., July,
1890, p. 235.

Stroma consisting of the nearly unchanged substance of the culm
which is there whiter than the surrounding parts, 3-4 cm. long, 1 cm.

331

broad, surrounded by a greenish-black line which 'penetrates deeply,
the surface also being of a uniform slaty-black. Perithecia scattered,
subglobose, J-| mm. diam., entirely buried except the convex-discoid,
erumpent ostiola. Asci cylindrical, about 110 x 8-10 jx, with stout
but evanescent paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-cylindrical,
rounded at the ends, slightly curved, uniseptate, hyaline at first, be-
coming brown, 18-22 x4§-5| ft.

On dead culms of Andropogon muricatus, St. Martinsville, La.
(Langlois).

D. cupula, (Ell.) (Plate 28)

Sphceria cupula, EH. Am. Nat. March, 1883, p. 317, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 90.
Didymosphcrria cupula, Sacc. Syll. 6112 and 6586, Cke. Syu. 4234.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1338.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, about J mm. diam., convex-
hemispherical when fresh, collapsed when dry, buried, except the
papilliform ostiolum, in the parenchyma of the leaf, and covered by
the blackened, slightly raised epidermis. Asci subcylindrical, 75x7 fi.
Sporidia uniseriate elliptical, brown, uniseptate, 9J-ll|x4|-5J //..
Sphceria diplospora, Cke., has the same fruit, but the perithecia
do not collapse.

On dry oak leaves (Q. coccinea) still hanging on the limbs, New-
field, N. J. What seems to be the same has also been found on
Phytolacca and Desmodium.

D. Ceanothi, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria Ceanothi, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 19.
Didymosphcsria Ceanothi, Sacc. Syll. 6587, and Cke. Syn. 4235.

Perithecia scattered, covered, flattened-globose, black, with a short,
papilliform ostiolum. Asci ample, clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia ellip-
tical, uniseptate, constricted in the middle, dark brown, 35 x 15 yu

On twigs of Ceanothus, California (Harkness).

D. sarmenti, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphczria sarmenti, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 19.
Didymosphceria sarmenti, Sacc. Syll. 6574 and Cke. Syn. 42? 1.

Perithecia scattered, covered, subglobose, black, smooth, at length
flattened. Ostiolum short, punctiform. Asci eylindric-clavate. Spo-
ridia elliptical, uniseptate, not constricted, brown, 12x5 /i.

On "Canary Vine/5 California (Harkness).

D. phyllogena, Winter. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 121.

Perithecia on a round or subangular, determinate, brown spot

332

surrounded by a black line, and sometimes as much as 8 mm. diam.,
hypophyllous, immersed, about 100 fi diam., thin-membranaceous, the
apex perforating the epidermis. Asci clavate, very short-pedicellate,
8-spored, 50-70x9-11 /j>, with thick, cylindrical, septate paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate (rarely uniseriate), oblong, inequilateral, attenuated
at each end, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, brownish, 14-
16x5 /jl.

On fallen leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera, Missouri (Demetrio).

D. serrulata, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 99.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, covered by the cuticle, len-
ticular, \-\ mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, 100-112x10-12 /z, with
abundant, linear paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, hyaline at first and
3-nucleate, soon becoming dark brown and uniseptate, 18-20 x 5-6 /£,
surrounded at first with a hyaline envelope. The sporidia are much
like those of Anthostomella leucobasis, E..& M., only longer and uni-
septate, and the perithecia are larger and more prominent.

On bleached spots on dead petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida
(Martin).

D. Typhje, Pk. 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 104.

Perithecia minute, punctiform, subglobose, covered by the epi-
dermis, which is pierced by the scarcely papillate ostiola. Asci
cylindrical, 55-80 x 7|-10 /i, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia ob-
long or elliptical, uniseriate, uniseptate, not at all, or but slightly con-
stricted at the septum, colored, 10-15 x 5-7 //.

On the lower part of dead leaves of Typha latifolia, Albany Co.,
N. Y. (Peck).

D. epidermidis, (Fr.)

Sphceria epidermidis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 499.
Sphceria atomaria, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. No. 3731.
Sphceria Araucarice, Cke. Seem. Journ. Bot. IV, tab. 45, fig. 12.
DidymosphcBria epidermidis, Fckl. Symb. p. 141.

Perithecia scattered, covered, but prominent, small, smooth, at
length collapsed and flattened. Ostiolum minute, erumpent. Asci
cylindrical, 75-100x7-8 ji, with branching paraphyses, 8-spored.
Sporidia uniseriate, rarely subbiseriate, biconic-elliptical, uniseptate,
constricted, colored, straight or curved, 2-nucleate, 8-11 x 6 jut. Very
variable, especially in the size of the sporidia. A form occurs (on
bramble stems) with the asci mostly tetrasporous.

On Sambacus and Persica, North Carolina. (Curtis).

Sphceria yucccegena, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 12.
Didymosphceria yuccogena, Sacc. Syll. 2673.
Didymosphcerella yuccogena, Cke. Syn. 4673.

333
D. yuccogena, (Cke.)

Sphceria yucccegena,
Didymosphceria yucc
Didymosphcerella yu

Gregarious, covered. Perithecia subprominent, black. Asci cylin-
drical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, uniseptate, constricted, brown,
28 x 10 fi.

On Yucca, California (Harkness).

D. tenebrosa, (B. & Br.)

Sphceria tenebrosa, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 649, tab. 12, fig. 35.
Didymosphceria tenebrosa, Sacc. Syll. 2685.
Didymosphcerella tenebrosa, Cke. Syn. 4689.

"Perithecia scattered irregularly, covered by the cuticle and sub-
jacent cells, which are traversed by dark, cellular mycelium here and
there giving rise to short, toruloid threads. Asci large, cylindrical,
obtuse, slightly attenuated below. Sporidia biseriate, composed of
two apposed, irregular cones, which contain at first a single large glob-
ule, but at length have two irregular endochromes. Kemarkable for
its curious mycelium and large sporidia." Cke. Hndbk., 2697.

On Verno?iia JVoveboracensis, Pennsylvania (Michener).

D. circinans, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. No. 1 (1884), p. 44.

Epiphyllous. Perithecia gregarious in circular spots 1-6 mm.
diam., covered by the epidermis and staining the matrix around the
ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, sessile, 8-spored. paraphysate, QQxQ /j..
Sporidia oval or oblong, uniseptate, slightly constricted, olive-brown,
5-7x3-4//.

On the early form of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, California
(Harkness).

D. pardalina, E. & E. Jo.urn. Mycol. II, p. 102.

Perithecia gregarious in groups of 4-6, whose position is indicated
by suborbicular or elliptical black spots 2-4 mm. in diam., or by con-
fluence more, entirely sunk in the substance of the stem, rather large
(J mm.), with thick, coriaceous walls, and minute, punctiform ostiola,
not elevating the epidermis. Asci cylindrical, 150-200x12-15 [x.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-cylindrical, olive-brown, uniseptate and
constricted, slightly curved, ends obtuse, 22-30 x 8-10 jut.

On dead stems of Spartina polystachya, Louisiana (Langlois).

D. bacchans, Pass, in Thiini. Pilze des Weinst. p. 134.
Perithecia immersed in the bark, minute, seriate, subglobose, the

334

short, conical, black ostiola erumpent. Asci oblong-clavate, attenuated

below, 4-8-spored. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-navicular,

uniseptate, not constricted, brown. Stylospores in larger perithecia.

On dead branches of grape vines, Saugerties, N. Y. (Peck).

D. polysticta, (B. & C.)

Sphceria polysticta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 149.
Didymosphceria polysticta, Sacc. Syll. 2670.
Didymosphcerella polysticta, Cke. Sj'n. 4668.

" Perithecia scarcely raising the cuticle, visible chiefly from the
black, dot-like ostiola. Asci linear. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate,
7J x 3-3J /i."

On stems of Smilax, Alabama (Beaumont).

D. Vizeana, (Cke.)

Sphceria Vizeana, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 12.
Didymosphceria Vizeana, Sacc. Syll. 2651.
Didymosphcerella Vizeana, Cke. Syn. 4662.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, about 200 /i diam., covered by
the blackened epidermis, finally collapsing. Asci oblong, sessile,
60-75 x 18-20 /i, (paraphysate) ? Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical,
subinequilateral, yellowish, uniseptate, 18-22 x 7-10 p..

On dead stems of Lathyrus venosus, Sacramento, Cal. (Harkness).

D. adelphica, (Cke.)

Sphceria adelphica, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 42.
Didymosphceria adelphica, Sacc. Syll. 2652.
Didymosphcerella adelphica, Cke. Syn. 4663.

This is an unsatisfactory and doubtful thing. The brief descrip-
tion in Grevillea does not enable one to recognize it. The spec, in our
herb, is only a stylosporous fungus (Diplodia), poorly developed.

PLE0SP0RA, Rabh.

in Herb. Mycol. Ed. II, No. 547.

Stroma none. Perithecia at first covered, finally more or less
perfectly erumpent, mostly membranaceous, seldom of firmer texture,
black. Asci] mostly oblong or clavate-cylindrical, 8-spored, paraphy-
sate. Sporidia oblong, ovate or clavate-fusoid, with both transverse
and longitudinal septa (muriform), generally colored (yellow^ or yellow-
brown).

This interesting but difficult genus has been elaborately described
and beautifully illustrated by Dr. A. N. Berlese, in his valuable mono-
graph of Pleospora &c. in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. Vol. XX, Nos. 1
and 2.

335

PI. lierbarum, (Pers.)

Sphceria herbarum, Pers. Syn. p. 79.

Sphceria Papaveris, Schum. Enum. Fung. Fl. Saell, II, p. 155.

Pleospora herbarum, Rab. Herb. Mycol. Fd. II, 547.

Sphceria Pisi, Sow. Fng. Fungi tab. 393, fig. 8.

Sphceria Armerice, Corda Icones, IV, p. 41, tab. VIII, fig. 119.

Sphceria Allii, Kl. Rab. Herb. Mycol. Ed. I, No. 838.

Pleospora herbarum, var. Allii, id. Fd. II, No. 347,

Pleospora Asparagi, id. No. 750.

Pleospora Armerice, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 44.

Pleospora Allii, id. 1. c.

Pleospora Pist and Pleospora Samarce, Fckl. Symb. p. 131.

Pleospora Meliloti, Rab. P. F. 2330

Pleospora leguminum, Wallr. Fl. Cryp. Germ. 3726.

Pleospora Cepce, Pr. Hoyersw. No. 290.

Pleospora Grossularice, Fckl. Symb. p. 131.

Pleospora Dianthi, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 74, fig. 80.

Pleospora varians, Ces. Hedw. 1882, p. 9.

Pleospora Erythrince, id. p. 10.

Pleospora Oxyacanthce, Pass, et Beltr. F. Sic. Nov. No. 10.

Pleospora socia, Sacc. & Pass. Herb. Critt. Ital. 1069.

Pleospora albicans, Sacc. Syll. 3736.

Pleospora Gymnocladi, Sacc. Syll. 3783.

Sphceria pellita, Roum. F. G. 1284.

Pleospora petiolorum, Thum. M. U. 760.

Pleospora Clarkeana, F. & F. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 75.*
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 811, 899. — Kz. F. sel. 68.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 347, 544, 547, 750.
id. F. F. 768, 951, 1018, 1635, 1636, 1929, 2330.— Rehm Asc. 145, 341, 486, 683.— Thum.
M. U. 1255.— Sydow M. March. 179.— FH. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1583 and 2368.

Perithecia scattered, at first buried and covered by the epidermis,
finally free, depressed-spherical, of medium size, collapsing to flat or
concave, with a conic-papilliform or sometimes somewhat elongated
ostiolum, glabrous or subfibrillose at base, 250-450 fi diam., coriaceous,
black. Asci at first ovate, becoming oblong-clavate, stipitate, 8-spored.
90-1 65 (mostly 120-150) x 24-40 (mostly 27-30) p.. Sporidia biseri-
ate, ovate-oblong, rounded at the ends, or sometimes subattenuated
above, 7-septate and constricted at the septa, with 2-3 longitudinal
septa, yellow or yellow-brown, becoming dark brown, but not opake,
28-33x14-16 fi (exceptionally reaching 40 fi) long. Paraphyses
jointed, thick, simple or somewhat branched.

On dead stems of various plants, more especially of the Papili-
onacece. Common everywhere from Greenland to Mexico.

PL argyrospora, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 45.

Perithecia minute, black, scattered, erumpent. Asci clavate,
sessile, thick-walled, 8-spored, 60-65 x 20 ju. Sporidia biseriate, hya-
line, elliptic-lanceolate, 3-5-septate, with 1-2 longitudinal septa, 18 x
8 jut. Paraphyses filiform

On dead branches of Dendromecon rigidum, California.

*The synonymy of this species is taken from Winter's Pilze and Berl. Monograph.

336

PL Americana, E. & E.

Pleospora hyalospora, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 238, (not
Speg.)

Perithecia scattered, depressed-hemispherical, 75-90 /i, of coarse,
cellular structure, at first sunk in the parenchyma of the leaf, finally
more or less erumpent-superficial, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci
oblong, 75-85 x 35-40 //, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong or slightly ovate-
oblong, 3-6-septate (mostly 5-septate), with one or more longitudinal
septa more or less distinct, nearly hyaline, ends obtusely pointed or
rounded, slightly constricted at the septa, especially at the middle one.
25-40 (mostly 25-30) x 12-15 u. Differs from P. Pisi (Sow.) in its
obovate asci, nearly hyaline sporidia, and more delicate, smaller peri-
thecia.

On leaves of Lathyrus sativus and Pisum sativum, Starkville,
Miss. (Tracy), and on leaves of Trifolium, Canada (Dearness).

PL compressa, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. No. I (1884), p. 45.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the blackened cuticle, concave,
surrounded by radiating, brown hyphse. Asci clavate, short-stipitate,
8-spored, paraphysate, 80-90 x 15-18 [i. Sporidia biseriate, unequally
elliptical, transversely 3-septate, brown, with a longitudinal septum
across the two central cells, at first surrounded by a gelatinous coat,
20-27 x 10-19 /i.

On dead stems of Polygonum amorphum. Blue Canon, Cal.
(Harkness). Very near PI. permunda, Cke.

PL vitrispora, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 86.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1582.

Perithecia scattered, buried in the wood, the surface of which is
raised and blackened over them, about J mm. diam., globose, papillate,
and finally perforated, black. Asci cylindrical, about 112x12 //, with
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, elongated-elliptical, hya-
line, the contents divided in a muriform manner (merenchymatic), 22-
24x12 a( 32x1 2> Cke.)

On dead branches of Lonicera, California.

PL denotata, (C. & E.)

Spharia denotata, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 16, Pi. 96, fig'. 20.
Pleospora denotata, Sacc. Syll. 3740 and Cke. Syn. 5027.
Exsicc. EH. N. A.F. 778-

Perithecia mostly seated on pallid spots, globose, large, promi-

337

nent, at first covered by the cuticle, soon exposed. Asci clavate.
Sporidia muriform, 50 x 20 p, larger than in PL herbarum.
On dead stems of Trifolium pratense, Newfield, N. J.

PL thuriodonta, (C. & E.)

Sphceria thuriodonta, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 94,
Pleospora thuriodonta, Sacc. Syll. 3768.
Delacourea thuriodonta, Cke. Syn. 4328.

Perithecia covered by the epidermis, somewhat prominent, scat-
tered. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, 25 x
10 ju, 5-septate and muriform, constricted at the middle septum.
Accompanied by stylospores (in other perithecia) elliptical, uniseptate,
brown, 40 x 20 p..

On dead limbs of Nyssa multijiora, Newfield, N. J.

Apparently rare. Has only been met with once, and then only
in small quantity.

PL TMmeniana, Sacc. Syll. 3787, Mich. II, p. 139.

Perithecia gregarious, semiimmersed, at first covered by the epi-
dermis, subglobose-depressed, papillate, \ mm. diam., rather solid.
Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, rounded at the apex, 90-100 x 15 /*,
paraphysate, 8-spored, Sporidia biseriate, oblong-biconical, 18-20x
7-8 jut, 3-septate, constricted in the middle, with one or two longi-
tudinal septa, cribrose-guttulate, olivaceous.

On dead leaves of Yucca aloifolia, Carolina (Ravenel).

PL laxa, Ell. & Galway Journ. Mycol. V, p. 66.

Perithecia scattered, subglobose, black, 150-170 fi diam., their
bases projecting on one side of the leaf and their apices on the other,
Asci few (6-8 in a perithecium), inflated-oblong, broadly rounded
above, 150-200 x 35-55 fi, contracted at base into a short stipe. Par-
aphyses obscure. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, obovate-oblong, 6-8-septate
and coarsely muriform, deeply constricted near the middle, so as to
easily break in two there, straw-yellow, 35-45 x 15-20// (mostly 15 p
wide). This seems to differ from any of the other described species
on grasses and Carices, in its strongly constricted sporidia. This
character is very distinct through all the stages of growth. The con-
striction is generally at the third septum from the upper end, the part
above this constriction being broader and shorter than the part below
it. This comes near PL Islandica, Johans., but has the sporidia much
more deeply constricted.

On dead leaves and culms of some grass, Montana (Anderson).
43

338

PL Harknessi, Berl. & Vogl. Sacc. Syll. 7090.

Leptosphceria straminis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 10, (not Sacc. & Speg.)

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, on effused, blackened spots,
black, erumpent, convex, perforated. Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored,
Sporidia lanceolate, 5-septate, slightly constricted, dark, the two cen-
tral cells divided by a longitudinal septum, 32-35 x 6-8 //.

On culms of Triticum, California.

PL quadriseptata. Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 10.

Perithecia subgregarious, convex, black, shining, at first covered
by the epidermis, small. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate,
subelliptical, 4-septate, scarcely constricted, one or more of the cells
divided by a longitudinal septum, brown, 20-22 x 8 /i.

On pods of "gillyflower'' (Matthiola) ? California.

PL sarcocystis, (B. & C.)

Sphcerta sarcocystis, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152.

Pleospora sarcocystis, Sacc. Syll. 3793 and Cke. Syn. 5077.

"Forming little, oblong, black bodies which consist of a few
closely joined perithecia with fleshy walls. Asci rather short, oblong,
but tumid, containing four oblong, obtuse, sometimes clavate sporidia
with three horizontal articulations, and a few vertical, 50 fi long.
Perhaps more properly placed in Dothidea."

On wheat, Carolina (Berk, in Grev.)

PL Labiatarum, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 8.

Perithecia scattered, black, semiimmersed, smaller than those of
PL herbarum. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical,
amber-yellow, 3-septate, 25 x 10 //, next to the last cell divided by a
longitudinal septum.

On stems of Marrubium vulgare, California.

PL Sambuci, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 74.

Perithecia subgregarious, at first covered by the epidermis, then
exposed and superficial, globose, 300-400 tu diam., at length collaps-
ing above. Ostiolum papilliform. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-100 ft
long. Sporidia mostly uniseriate, ovate, 3-septate, with a longitudinal
septum across one or two cells, pale yellow, 12-14 x 4-5 //.

On Sambucus, California (Ilarkness).

The sporidia resemble those of Pleospora Bardance, NiessL

339

PL piistulans, E. & E. Jonrn. Mycol. IV, p. 76.

Perithecia gregarious, membranaceous, ovate-globose, |-| mm.
diam., raising the bark into subcorneal pustules, with the papilliform
ostiola erumpent. Asci clavate-cylindrical, with a short-stipitate base,
about 100 x 12-15 /i., with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate
or subbiseriate, varying from ovate to oblong, and oblong-elliptical,
18-20x8-10 p., at first pale brown and 3-4-septate, scarcely con-
stricted, with the ends subacute, soon 5-7-septate and darker, with the
ends obtuse, one or two of the cells divided by a longitudinal septum
which finally runs through all but the terminal cells, more or less
distinctly.

On the exposed inner surface of bark of Fraxinus, Clyde, N. Y.
(0. F. Cook).

This is very distinct from PL velata, Sacc. & Roum. in F. G. 1081 ,
in its much larger perithecia, which are not flattened, and in its mostly
longer, 3-7-septate, sporidia. Dr. Berlese, in his monograph of Pleos-
pora, figures PL Saccardiana (of which he gives PL velata as a syn.)
with 4-septate sporidia, though he says the normal number is three, as
we find them in our copy of Fungi Gallici.

PL vulgaris, Niessl. Notiz. p. 27.

Kxsicc. Rab. F. F. 824, 1545, 3146.— I,in. Fungi Hung. 275.— M. March, 1924, 2037, 2542,
2545.— F. Gall. 5251.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, depressed-spheri-
cal, with a flattened base, soon collapsing, small (250 p), glabrous
except the slightly fibrillose base, dark brown, thin-coriaceous, with a
papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate or clavate-cylindrical, 8-spored,
stipitate, 80-140 x 10-15 p. Sporidia uniseriate or biseriate, obtusely
rounded at the ends, subinequilateral, 5-septate and constricted at the
septa, more decidedly so at the middle septum, the four middle cells
divided by a longitudinal septum, yellow, becoming brown, 15-21 x
8-10 p. Paraphyses jointed, simple or sparingly branched, longer
than the asci.

On dead stems of Verbascum Thapsus, Newfield, N. J., on stems
of Nepeta Cataria, London, Canada, and on Potentilla, Artemisia
and Pedicularis, Greenland. Smaller throughout than PL herbarum.

PL Cassise, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 41. — Berl. Mon. Pleosp.
p. 152.

Perithecia scattered, J mm. diam., co vered by the epidermis which
is raised in a pustuliform manner, but not blackened over them, and
barely pierced by the papilliform ostiola. Asci subejdindrical.

340

rather abruptly contracted at the base, 75-80 x 10-12 //, paraphysate.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, 3-septate, yellow-brown, con-
stricted at the middle septum, slightly curved, one or both the inner
cells divided by a longitudinal septum. The perithecia become finally
slightly collapsed above.

On dead stems of Cassia, with Leptosphceria cassiazcola, Hous-
ton, Texas (Ravenel).

PL baccata, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot Club, X, p. 53.

Perithecia scattered, subcuticular, becoming bare and superficial
by the falling away of the cuticle, depressed-globose, strongly papilli-
fbrm, thick-membranaceous, black, 300-500 ju diam., fringed around
the base with spreading mycelium. Asci 75-85 (exceptionally 114)x
20-24 fi] paraphyses abundant, conglutinate. Sporidia inordinately
biseriate, oblong or ovate-oblong, at first 3-septate with a longitudinal
septum across one or two cells, and constricted at the septa, when
mature 5-septate, 20-30 (mostly 20-25) x 10-14 ta, with 1-3 imperfect,
longitudinal septa.

On dead stems of Cirsium, sp., Utah.

Berlese (monograph, p. 195) makes this a synonym of PL per-
munda, Cke.. but it is a much coarser species besides the fact (not at
first noticed) that the mature sporidia become 5-septate.

PL aiirea, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 53.

(Plate 28)

Perithecia gregarious, subcuticular, 150-250 /i diam., membra-
naceous and collapsing when dry, of coarse, cellular structure, sur-
rounded at base with a fringe of brown, septate, branching, nrycelial
hyphae (as in PL permunda) plainly visible through the transparent
cuticle. Asci broad, obtuse, mostly inequilateral or curved, ovate-
oblong, 75-114x25 jut, with a very short stipe. Paraphyses stout,
rather longer than the asci, guttulate, about 2 p. thick. Sporidia
inordinate or subbiseriate, ovate-elliptical, 22-25 x 12-14 p, and about
10 or 11 jul thick, golden yellow, becoming dark brown.

On dead herbaceous stems, Pleasant Valley. Utah (S. J. Hark-
ness).

Berlese (monograph, p. 195) puts this, too, as a synonym of PL
permunda. Cke., the specc sent him being that species instead of
PL aurea, the two being hardly distinguishable outwardly except that
PL permunda has rather larger perithecia. Under the microscope the
two are readily distinguished, PL aurea having 4-septate sporidia.

The measurements of these two species in the Torr. Bull, appeal*

341

to have been somehow interchanged and confused. Those here given
have been made very carefully and may be relied on.

Every one who has had much to do with the microscopical exam-
ination of Ascomycetes will recognize the fact (noted by Dr. Winter
in Die Pilze, p. 454) that in Leptosphceria, Pleospora and many other
Ascomycetes, the length of the asci, in the same perithecium, is often
very variable, depending on whether the ascus has become elongated
by the absorbing of water, in the course of the microscopical exam-
ination.

PI. planispora, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 53.

Clathrospora planispora, Berl. Mon. p. 200, tab. IX, fig. 5.*
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 1584.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the scarcely discolored epider-
mis, 250-330 [i diam., collapsing when dry, of coarse, cellular structure.
Asci 114-120x25-28 /*, p. sp. 80 /j. long, with abundant paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, 5-septate, with a longitudinal sep-
tum running through all but the terminal cells, 30-40 x 1 5-20 /i, and
7-1 1 fi thick.

On dead culms and sheaths of some grass (Elymus)? Pleasant
Valley, Utah (S. J. Harkness). The perithecia are mostly on the
sheaths which are clouded or mottled with a darker color in those
parts occupied by the fungus. The sporidia are larger than in PL
aurea, and 5-septate ; the perithecia also are larger and mostly lack
the fringe of mycelium around the base.

PI. oligomers Sacc. & Speg. Mich. I, p. 408.— F. Ital. tab. 331.

Perithecia loosely gregarious, innate-erumpent, becoming nearly
superficial, depressed-globose, J-J mm. diam., black and somewhat
shining, obtusely papillate, finally umbilicate-collapsed. Asci cylin-
drical, rounded at the apex, very short-stipitate, 90-100x15-16 //,
paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, oblong-ovoid,
20-22x9-11 jut, 3-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, with a
longitudinal septum across two or more cells, yellow, becoming brown.

On Silene Gallica, California (Harkness).

PI. penniinda, Cke. G-rev. V, p. 111.

Clathrospora permunda, in Berl. Mon. p. 195.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 8g6.

Perithecia scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, at length
erumpent and collapsing above, 200-250 p. diam., fringed below with
a mycelium of dark brown, branching, septate threads spreading out

*The genus Clathrospora, characterized by its reticulate sporidia, is with difficulty dis-
tinguished from Pleospora, and we have included all species referred to that genus in Pleospora.

342

beneath the epidermis. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 75 x 22 p, subsessile,
paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, straw-yellow at first, becoming dark
brown, 3-septate and constricted in the middle, ends rather acute, with
a longitudinal septum extending across the two middle cells, 20-24 x
10-11 p, subinequilateral.

On dead herbaceous stems, common in the Rocky Mountain region.

The sporidia like those of Pt.planispora, and PL aurea are more
or less distinctly flattened.

PL gigaspora, Karst. Hedwigia 1884, p. 37.

Pleospora amplispora, $. & E. Bull. Wash. Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist. 1884, p. 41.

Perithecia scattered, superficial, black, subglobose or hemispheri-
cal, J mm. diam., collapsing when dry. Ostiola short, cylindrical or
subconoid. Asci oblong, 250 x 75 p (paraphysate)? Sporidia oblong,
obtuse, slightly constricted in the middle, 12-16-septate, muriform,
60-75 x 20-24 p, yellow-brown becoming dark brown.

On dead stems of Lupinus, Mt. Paddo, Washington (Suksdorf).

PL diaporthoides, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered or subseriate, buried, minute (£ mm.), with
rather thick, subcoriaceous walls, often in series of 3-4 lying close
together. Ostiolum exserted, short-cylindrical, rough, except the
smooth, black, depressed-conical tip. Asci 75-85x12-15 p, substipi-
tate, p. sp. 60-70 p long, with paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate or
subbiseriate above, oblong-elliptical, subinequilateral, ends obtusely
pointed, 3-septate, with a more or less perfect longitudinal septum,
14-18x7-8,7.

On dead stems of Pastinaca sativa with Ophiobolus Bardance,
Fckl., Newfield, N, J., July, 1890.

Differs from Pleospora microspora, Niessl., in its habitat, and
constantly 3-septate, rather smaller sporidia, and more prominent
ostiola.

PL lactucicola, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 64.

Perithecia scattered, suberumpent, depressed -hemispherical, 175-
200 p diam. Ostiolum papilliform. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 90-100
x 10-12 p.. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or rarely subbiseriate above,
oblong, slightly constricted, 3-septate, with each of the middle cells
divided by a longitudinal septum, ends subacute and suboblique,
14-16 x 6-7 p.. Allied to PI. Bardance, Niessl., but, compared with
the specimens of that species in Linhart's Fungi Hungarici, No. 168,

343

the perithecia are smaller and the sporidia also smaller and darker
colored. Sphmria Lactucarum, Schw., is said to grow on cinereous
spots.

On decaying stems of Lactuca Canadensis, Newfield, N. J.

PI. lichenalis, (Pk.)

Sphceria lichenalis, Pk. Bot. Gaz. V, p. 36.
Pleospora lichenalis, Sacc. Syll. 3769.
Delacourea lichenalis, Cke. Syn. 4529.

Perithecia scattered, minute, 200-250 p. diam., subhemispherical,
erumpent, black, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci oblong-elliptical.
Sporidia crowded, oblong, multiseptate, fenestrate, greenish-yellow,
35-40x10-121/^.

On bark of birch trees, Vermont.

The perithecia occupy a discolored spot, which gives a lichenose
aspect to the fungus. Sometimes 2-3 perithecia are seriately crowded
or subconfluent, so as to present a hysteriiform appearance.

PI. ShepherdisB, Pk. 40th Kep. p. 71.

Perithecia scattered, small, 350-450 fi diam., covered by the epi-
dermis, erumpent, black. Asci cylindrical, 125-200 x 15 a. Sporidia
uniseriate, oblong, generally 3-septate, rarely 5-septate, with 1-2 lon-
gitudinal septa, constricted in the middle, colored, 20-25 x 7|-10/^.

On dead branches of Shepherdia Canadensis, New York State.

PL aretica, Fckl. in Die Zweite Deutsch. Nordpolarf. II, p. 52,
tab. I, fig. 2.

Perithecia scattered under the cinereous, pustulate-inflated epider-
mis, of medium size, globose, black, with papilliform, perforated, slight-
ly prominent ostiola. Asci oblong, mostly curved, with a short, thick
stipe, and thick membrane, 8-spored, 132x36 fi. Paraphyses linear,
septate or multinucleate, hyaline. Sporidia imbricated-biseriate, ob-
long-ovate, constricted in the middle, 6-7-septate and muriform, dark
olive, 28x14/*.

On dry stems of Epilobium latifolium, Greenland.

PL Drabse, Schrot. Nord. Pilz. p. 15.

Perithecia globose-depressed, 300 fx diam., surrounded at base by
creeping, brown hyphae, otherwise glabrous, collapsing, papillate.
Asci cylindric-clavate, subattenuated below, short-stipitate, 60-70 x
13-17 p.. Sporidia biseriate, ellipsoid, 16-20 x 7-9 fi, dark chestnut,
5-7-septate, with 2-3 longitudinal septa.

344

On Draba hirta and Draba WaMenbergii, Upernivik, Green-
land.

PL pentamera, Karst. Fungi Spetsb. p. 99.

Perithecia scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, then emerg-
ent, subsphasroid, very obtusely conoid or depressed above, subas-
tomous, glabrous (rarely beset with straight, jointed, black hairs), 150-
250 p. diam. Asci very short-stipitate, clavate, 105-150x24-30 //,
8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, ovoid-elliptical, or sub-
elongated, 5-septate (rarely 5-6-septate), mostly with one cell divided
by a longitudinal septum, scarcely constricted at the septa, brownish,
20-24x10-15 p..

On Carex, Poa, Agropyrum and Festuca, Greenland.

PI. vagans, Niessl. Notiz. p. 14.

Perithecia scattered or seriate, depressed-spherical, dark brown,
sparingly fibrillose below, otherwise glabrous, with a small, conical
ostiolum. Asci clavate or oblong-clavate, 8-spored, short-stipitate.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong or clavate-fusoid, straight or curved, often
boat-shaped, 5-septate, with an imperfect longitudinal septum, honey-
yellow.

Var. Arenaria, Niessl. 1. c, has the perithecia tolerably large
(250-270 fj. diam.), scarcely erumpent, with a tolerably thick, obtuse,
perforated ostiolum. Asci broad, 105-120x21-23/^. Sporidia cla-
vate-fusoid, straight, the third cell broader, 27-30 x 9-10 a.

On Elymus aretiarius, Greenland. The part of the stem occu-
pied is often colored brownish.

PI. platyspora, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 251.

Perithecia gregarious, at first covered by the epidermis, then
nearly free, J mm. diam., globose-depressed, glabrous but with creep-
ing hyphas around the base, with a short, conoid ostiolum. Asci cylin-
dric-clavate, 100-120x18 /i, short-stipitate, paraphysate, 8-spored.
Sporidia biseriate, flattened, 4-septate, not constricted, cells divided by
a longitudinal septum, 22-24 x 12-14 p., and 6-7 p thick, straw-yellow,
with a gelatinous envelope.

On Vesicaria, Draba, Arabis, Armeria, Erigeron and Polyg-
onum, Greenland.

345
PI. papaveracea, (I)e Not.)

Cucurbitaria papaveracea, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 62.
Pleospora papaveracea, Sacc. Syll. 3718.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 736.

Perithecia scattered or two or three together, superficial, with a
flat, sessile base, globose, somewhat collapsed at the apex, coriaceous,
black, obtusely papillate. Asci cylindric-clavate, attenuated below,
8-spored, about 100 x 10 p. paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate or partly
biseriate, elliptical or oblong-fusoid, straight, 3-septate and constricted
at the septa, the second and generally the third cell divided by a longi-
tudinal septum, yellow, becoming brownish, 18-25x7-8 p.

On dead stems of Papaver nudicaulis, Tasiusak, Greenland.

PL macrospora, Schrot. Nord. Pilze, p. 15.

Perithecia erumpent, seriately-gregarious, globose-depressed, 250-
300 p. diam., collapsing, black, smooth and globose, with minute, papil-
liform ostiola. Asci cylindric-clavate, attenuated below, short-stipitate,
150-170x24-26 p, 4-8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, ellipsoid; in the
4-spored asci 35-45 x 13-17 p, in the 8-spored, 30-33x9-10 p, 3-sep-
tate, one or two of the inner cells longitudinally divided, yellow-brown.

On Hierochloa alpina, Christianshab, &c, Greenland.

PL heterospora, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 76, tab. 81.

Perithecia scattered, small, punctiform, sphaeroid, black, with a
round opening above, projecting through the fissured epidermis, papil-
lose under the lens, texture of dark, round, turgid cells, soft when
moistened. Asci thick-walled, 8-spored, attenuated upwards, mostly
curved, oblong, variable in size. Sporidia oblong or fiddle-shaped,
dark brown, hardly translucent, 9-11-septate, densely tessellate-muri-
form, 25-30x10-12/;.

On Carex supina. Sarkak, Greenland.

PL Elynse, (Rab.)

Clathrospora Elynce, Rab. in Hedw. I, tab. XV. fig. 3.
Pleospora Elynce, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 44.
Kxsice. Rabh-Winter F. Eur. 2S61.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the epidermis, depressed-spher-
ical, the distinct papilliform ostiolum piercing the epidermis, black,
smooth and glabrous, about 250 p diam. Asci oblong, short-stipitate.
8-spored, thickened at the apex and broadly rounded, 140-1 65x35-
40 p, paraphysate. Sporidia 2-3-seriate, oblong, rounded at the ends,
44

346

7-septate, with usually partial longitudinal septa, golden-brown, 55-65,
x 26-30 p.

On Carex scirpoidea, C. supina, Luzula arctica, L. confus<t,
and Aira alpina, Greenland.

PL Frangulse, Fckl. Symb. p. 133.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1767.— Thum. F. Austr. 482?

Perithecia gregarious on bleached spots, about as large as those
of PL herbarum, covered by the epidermis, black, globose, wrinkled
when old, the conical, minutely perforated ostiolum erumpent. Asci
cylindrical, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 120-125x24-26//. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong, narrowed at the ends, constricted in the middle, gen-
erally 7-8-septate, with an imperfect, longitudinal septum, yellow-
brown, 35-39 x 10-12 jut.

On twigs of Mhamnus Califomica, California (Harkness).

PL Salsolse, Fckl. Symb. p. 131.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 814.

Perithecia scattered, at first covered, finally free, globose, black,
floccose below, bare above, crowned with a broad papilla, 300-320 p.
diam. Asci oblong, sessile or short-stipitate, 8-spored, 100-115x26 ft.
Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, broadest above the middle, 7-sep-
tate, constricted at the septa, more strongly so at the middle one, with
1-2 (generally imperfect) longitudinal septa, golden yellow, 28-30 x

11-12,7.

On Salicomia herbacea, California (Harkness).

PYREN0PH0RA, Fr.

Sunnna Veg\ Scand. p. 397, Emend. Sacc. Syll. II, p. 277.

Perithecia subcuticular-erumpent, globulose, black, bristly or
hairy, sclerotoid or coriaceo-membranaceous, otherwise as in Pleos-
pora.

Pyr. fenestrate, Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 28.

Perithecia 280-370 tx diam., depressed, at first covered by the
epidermis, finally erumpent and free, clothed with a few straight,
divergent, black setas. Asci fugacious. Sporidia oblong, fenestrate,
deeply colored, black in the mass, 40-50 x 18-22 //, about 7-septate,
generally constricted in the middle.

On dead stems of herbs, Utah.

347

Pyr. depressa, Pk» 1. c.

Perithecia 250-350 p. diam., depressed or collapsed, at first cov-
ered by the epidermis, then erunipent or naked, black, sometimes
surrounded at base by a few appressed, black, radiate filaments, fur-
nished above with a few short, erect or divergent, straight, black
bristles. Asci cylindrical or subclavate, 112-150 ti long. Sporidia
crowded or obliquely monostichous, oblong or subovate, triseptato.
with 1-2 longitudinal septa, colored, 28-35x15-20 p..

On dead stems of Arabis, California.

Pyr. hyphasmatis, E. & E. Journ. My col. IV, p. 77.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, flask-shaped, mouse-colored,
340-370 jx diam., clothed, except the broad, truncate ostiolum, with
brown, sparingly branched and sparingly septate, short, soft, some-
what crisped and matted hairs. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 65-70 x
6-7 i± including the slender base, (p. sp. 50-55 ju long), with abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, brown subnavicular with the
ends at first subacute, 3-septate, with occasionally one of the cells
longitudinally divided, 12-15x5-7 (mostly 12x6 ti). This has the
general appearance of a Chmtomium.

On exposed cotton cloth, Louisiana (Langlois).

Pyr. phseocomes, (Reb.)

Sphceria phceocomes, Reb. Fl. Neom. p. 338.
Ceuthospora phtzocomes, Rab. Deutschl. Kr. Flora I, p. 144.
Pyrenophora phceocomes, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 398.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 747.— id. F. E. 1931.— Fckl. F. Rh. 798. 2362.

Perithecia scattered, innate, mostly prominent on both sides of
the leaf, globose-hemispherical, black, subastomous, with erect-diverg-
ent, black, bristle-like hairs at the apex. Asci not abundant, oblong-
clavate, short-stipitate, 8-spored, very large, over 300 p long and about
80 fx broad. Sporidia cylindrical, subattenuated below, broadly
rounded at the ends, 6-septate and slightly constricted at the septa,
with one longitudinal septum running through all the cells, the second
somewhat broader, yellow, 84-90 x 21-32 jjl, with a thin, gelatinous
envelope.

On (CarexYt Carolina (Berk.), on dead grass, New York (Peck),
on Archangelica, officinalis, Greenland, (Rostrup).

Pyr. paucitricha, (Fckl.)

Plcospora pajicitricha, Fckl. in the 2d Dutch North Polar Exp. II, p. 32, tab. 1,

fig. 3-
Pyrenophora paucitricha, Sacc. Syll. 7101, Cke. Syn. 51544

348

Peritliecia very small, scattered, subsuperficial, conical, very
black, clothed at the apex with a few short, rigid, black hairs. Asci
ovate-oblong, obtuse at each end, somewhat curved, thick-walled,
8-spored, 112x24//. Sporidia imbricate-subbiseriate, oblong-ovate,
obtuse, straight, 5-septate and muriform, constricted in the middle
brown, 34 x 13 a.

On leaves of Salix Groenlandica, Franz Joseph's Fiord, Green-
land.

Pyr. relicina, Fckl. Symb. p. 215.

Pleospora polytricha, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 269.

Peritliecia innate-erumpent, sclerotoid, pale within, clothed with
scattered, rigid, cuspidate, pluriseptate, black bristles 130-150x10-
12 fi. Asci clavate, 150-170x35-40 /i, with a short, thick stipe.
Sporidia biseriate, rarely uniseriate. oblong-elliptical, 3-5-septate.
with a partial longitudinal septum, pale yellow, 35-46x20-30 p..

On leaves of Triticum repens, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

Pyr. calvescens. (Fr.)

Sphczria calvescens, Fr. Scleromyc. Suec. Exsicc. No. 401.
Sphczria eriophora, Cke. Grev. V, p. 153.
Pleospora calvescens, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 266.
Pyrenophora calvescens, Sacc. Syll. 3845, Cke. Syn. 5142.
Leptosphceria eutypoides, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 105.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2152.— Rab. F. E. 2216.— Rehm Asc. 439.— Thum. M. U. 266.— Ell.
N. A. F. 592.

Peritliecia gregarious, on extensive blackened areas of the stem,
superficial, globose or depressed, 250-300 p. diam., clothed, especially
below, with spreading, black, bristle-like hairs, which finally disap-
pear; at length collapsing to plane or concave, with a distinct, papilli-
form ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate. 8-spored, 75-110 x
10-12 /i, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate-oblong,
rounded at both ends, often rather narrower below, more or less con-
stricted in the middle, 3-septate, with an imperfect, longitudinal sep-
tum, 18-22x8-9 p.

On dead stems of C 'henopodium, Newfield, N. J., and New York
State.

Pyr. ciliata, (Ell.)

Pleospora ciliata, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VIII, p. 125.
Pyrenophora ciliata Berlese Mon. p. 237, tab. XII, fig. 6.

Peritliecia at first covered by the cuticle, but at length partially
erumpent, 125-175 p diam., hemispherical. Ostiolum large, surround-

349

ed by a fringe of stout, black, reflexed hairs. Asci broad, oblong-
elliptical. Sporidia muriform, yellow, slightly constricted across the
middle, 33-37 x 15-18 /i, transversely 7-septate, the cells divided by
2-3 longitudinal septa.

On dead stems of Phlox, Utah.

Pyr. Zabriskieana, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,

p. 238.

Perithecia loosely gregarious, erumpent-superficial, ovate-globose,
175-200 /j. diam.. densely clothed with straight, erect, sparingly-septate,
yellowish-brown hairs 100-125 ft long and about 5 [i thick at the base,
tapering gradually to the subacute tip, of membranaceous texture and
dark yellowish-brown color (under the microscope). Asci clavate-
oblong, 100-125 x 22-25 //, rounded above, with a short, abrupt, stipi-
tate base. Paraphyses slender and numerous but inconspicuous.
Sporidia crowded-biseriate, ovate-elliptical, densely muriform, rounded
at the ends, yellowish-brown, 22-30 x 12-14 /jl, constricted across the
middle. The sporidia are so closely and densely muriform as to
appear granular, the granular contents being arranged in transverse
lines across the sporidia so that they appear 12 or more septate.
Differs from P. polyphragmia, Sacc. to which it comes nearest, in its
smaller perithecia and shorter sporidia.

On bark of Ulmus Americana, New Baltimore, N. Y. (Zabriskie).

Pyr. comata, (Awd. & Niessl).

Pleospora comata, Awd. & Niessl in Niessl Beitr. Zur Kent, der Pilze, p. 30.
Pyrenophora comata, Sacc. Syll. 3864, Cke. Syn. 5169.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 1544.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, only the short,
conical ostiolum projecting and surrounded by a tuft of straight, simple,
black, divergent bristles, spherical, of coriaceo-membranaceous texture,
black, 180-220'// diam. Asci broad, oblong or oblong-clavate, sessile,
with a broadly-rounded apex, 8-spored, 110-130x40 //, paraphysate.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-ovate, often oblique, at first with 7-9, later
with 11-13 (or more) septa, with 2-3 more or less perfect longitudinal
septa, dark brown, opake, 32-38 x 14-16 ju.

On Ahine, Cerastium, Melandrium, Viscaria, Pyrola, Pedicu-
laris, Oxyria, Luzula, Draba Saxifraga, in Western Greenland.

Pyr. chrysospora, (Niessl.)

Pleospora chrysospora, Niessl. Hedw. 1880, p. 173.
Pyrenophora chrysospora, Sacc. Syll. 3861, Cke. Syn. 5165.
Exsicc. Kz. F. Sel. 581.— Rab. F. E. 2860.

350

Perithecia scattered, at first sunk in the scarcely altered substance
of the host, afterwards more or less erumpent, 260-320 fi diam.,
spherical or slightly depressed, tipped with a tuft of straight, rigid,
Mack bristles and surrounded at base by brown, creeping hyphae.
Asci cylindrical, subclavate, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 100-110 x 23 p..
Sporidia biseriate, becoming uniseriate by the lengthening out of the
asci, oblong, obtuse, constricted in the middle, 7-septate, with one or
two longitudinal septa, 24-30 xl0|-ll /i.

On Ztraba, Saxifraga, and Pedicularis, in Greenland.

LEPTOSPHiERIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema, p. 60, Fmend. Sacc. Syll. II, p. 13.

Perithecia at first covered by the epidermis, finally more or less
erumpent, subglobose, coriaceo-membranaceous, glabrous, mostly with
a papilliform ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical, mostly 8-spored, par-
aphysate. Sporidia ovoid, oblong or subfusoid, two- or more-septate,
olivaceous, yellowish, or brown.

A. On dicotyledonous plants.

* On trees and shrubs; sporidia 2-3- (rarely 4-) septate.

L. Janus, (B. & C.) ^

Sphceria Janus, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 154.
Leptosphceria Janus, Sacc. Syll. 3167.
Heptameria Janus, Cke. Syn. 4957.
Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1299.

Perithecia collected on yellowish-brown spots on the under side
of the leaf, and penetrating to the upper surface. Asci oblong, 60-75 x
9-10 fi. sessile, paraphysate. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, biseriate, short-
fusoid, 4-septate, 20-33x4-5 fi.

On leaves of Quercus virens, Texas (Wright), Florida (Martin).

L. Tamaricis, (Grev.)

Sphczria Tamaricis, Grev. Scot. Crypt. FI. tab. 45, Curr. Simple Sphserias, tab.

58, fig. 81.
Leptosphcsria Tamaricis, Sacc. Syll. 2946, Cke. Syn. 4271.

Perithecia gregarious, scattered, subcutaneous, 150-200 // diam.,
raising the epidermis into pustules which are soon ruptured in a hys-
teriiform manner, but the perithecia themselves are not erumpent, white
inside, with an obtuse, papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
subsessile, rounded above, paraphysate, 65-70x15-20 //. Sporidia
crowded-biseriate, ovate-oblong, 3-septate and strongly constricted.

351

especially at the middle septum, yellowish, 25-30 x 13-15 /i, including
the broad, gelatinous envelope.

On dead branches of Tamarix (cult.), West Chester, Pa.

In Currey's fig. the sporidia are not constricted, and are smaller.
The asci often contain but two perfect sporidia. Whether the West
Chester specc. are really the Sphceria Tamaricis, Grev., is not alto-
o-ether certain.

L. ramulicola, Pk.

Sphceria ramulicola, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 104.

Leptosphceria ramulicola, Sacc. Syll. 2947, Cke. Syn. 4273.

Perithecia small, scattered, saated on the inner bark, erumpent by
an angular or subcircular aperture, subglobose, subfibrous, black, white
within. Ostiola minute, indistinct. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia ellip-
tical, uniseriate, biseptate, slightly constricted, colored, 20-27 x 12-13 /i.

On dead twigs of elm trees, Greenbush, N. Y.

The perithecia are abundant on all sides of the smaller branches,
rendering them rough to the touch.

L. inspersa, (Schw.)

Sphceria inspersa, Schw. in Curr. Simple Sph. No. 334, tab. 59, fig. 112.
Leptosphceria inspersa, Sacc. Syll. 2951, Cke. Syn. 4278.

Perithecia simple, corticolous, erumpent. Asci cylindric-clavate,
short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, rather broad-fusoid, 4-
nucleate, (triseptate)?, constricted between the nuclei, dark brown,
25-28 p. long.

On bark North America (Schw. in Herb. Hooker).

L. Tini, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 64.

Maculicolous and amphigenous, on large cinereous spots with a
narrow, reddish-purple border. These spots, or dead places, often
occupy the margin along one side, or the apex of the leaf, 2-3 cm. in
diam. Perithecia punctiform, minute, innate, the black, subacute apex
alone being visible. Asci oblong-cylindrical, subsessile, with filiform
paraphyses, 40-50 x 7 //. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, yellowish, slightly
curved, faintly 3-septate, 14-16x3 ju.

On leaves of Viburnum Tinus, Lafayette, La. (Langlois).

L. Andromedae, (Awd.)

Sphcerella Andromedce, Awd. Syn. Pyr. p. 12, tab. 7, fig. 102.
Leptosphceria Andromedce, Sacc. Syll. 3031.

Perithecia epiphyllous, black, innate in the epidermis of the leaf,
scattered, ovoid, 160x130 /i, pierced with a minute pore which is

352

scarcely visible. Asci subclavate, sessile, 8-spored, 136x27 /i. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong, straight, 34 x 14 p, ends rounded, 3-septate and
constricted at the septa, more deeply so at the middle septum, pale, at
length brownish.

On dry leaves of Andromeda tetragona, in Labrador and Green-
land.

L. hyperborea, (Fckl.)

Pleospora hyperborea, Fckl. 2d Deutsch Nordpolfahr. 2, p. 92 and Oud. Contr.

Fl. Myc. Now. Semi. p. 153, tab. II, fig. 9.
Leptosphceria hyperborea, Sacc. Syll. 6673.

Perithecia seated on the dry upper surface of the leaves, scattered,
punctiform, semiimmersed, surrounded below by the slightly raised,
gray substance of the leaf, the free part obtusely-conical, pierced above
and very black. Asci oblong-ovate, attenuated at each end, 8-spored,
60x24 fi. Sporidia crowded in the middle part of the asci, oblong,
ends obtuse, straight, 3-septate, constricted at the middle septum,
24 x 8 //, yellow-brown.

On leaves of Andromeda tetragona, in Greenland.

L. Ceanothi, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria Ceanothi, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 19.
Leptosphceria Ceanothi, Saec. Syll. 6662, Cke. Syn. 4292.

Perithecia gregarious, minute, subglobose, covered by the epi-
dermis. Ostiolum short, punctiform. Asci short-clavate, 8-spored.
Sporidia sublanceolate, triseptate, yellowish-hyaline, 16-18 x4J /i.

On small twigs of Ceanothus, California (Harkness).

L. odora, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria odora, Cke. & Hark. Grev. 1. c.
Leptosphceria odora, Sacc. Syll. 6666, Cke. Syn. 4296.

Perithecia scattered, of medium size, globose, black, sunk in the
bark and covered by the epidermis. Ostiolum punctiform. Asci
clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, at first uniseptate,
then 3-septate, yellowish-hyaline, 22-25 x 5 ji.

On branches of Umbellularia, California (Harkness).

L. bicuspidata, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria bicuspidata, Cke. & Hark. 1. c.
Leptosphceria bicuspidata, Sacc. Syll. 6649.

Perithecia scattered, covered, innate, subprominent, globose, black.
Ostiolum short. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia fusiform, 3-septate,
constricted, brown, with a hyaline, cuspidate appendage at each endr
25 x 8 fi without the appendages.

On twills of BaccJiaris, California.

353

L. olivispora, (B. & C.)

SpJuzria olivcespora, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 148.
Leptosphceria olivczspora, Sacc. Syll. 3170.
Heptameria olivcespora, Cke. Syn. 4960.

Perithecia covered by the cuticle, but rather prominent, marked
in the center with the black ostiola. Asci linear. Sporidia oblong,
pointed at each end, 3-septate, about four times longer than broad.

On dead limbs of Cornusjlorida, South Carolina.

L. Fraxini, E. & E. Journ. Myeol. Ill, p. 44.

Spots amphigenous, rusty below, dirty white above, with a rusty
biown border, orbicular, small (1 mm.) or elongated (2-3x1 mm.).
Perithecia black, epiphyllous, few, small (75 //), erumpent, indistinctly
pierced above, and with a rudimentary mycelium around the base.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 55-70 x 8-10 /i. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
somewhat curved, nucleate, becoming 3-5-septate (mostly 4-septate),
constricted at the middle septum when mature, and slightly constricted
at the others, 20-25 x 3 J-4 fi.

On living leaves of Frdxinus Americana, Columbia, Mo. (B. T.
Galloway).

L. borealis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, J-J mm. diam., the lower part
sunk in the wood, the apex raising the surface into flattish pustules
which are pierced in the center by the papilliform ostiolum. Asci
subcylindrical, 150-170 x 8 p. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, 3-septate.
not constricted, 18-22 x5-7 p, pale brown, becoming darker.

On decorticated Salix, Helena, Montana (Kelsey).

L. fuscella, (B. & Br.)

Sphceria fuscella, B. & Br. Brit. Fungi, No. 636, tab. XI, fig-. 20.
Leptosphczria fuscella, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 62.

Perithecia scattered, covered, subglobose, slightly depressed, rais-
ing the epidermis into little pustules. Asci cylindrical, 100 x 9-10 p.
with a short, thick stipe. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, oblong-ellip-
tical, rounded at the ends, sometimes slightly curved, 3-septate and
somewhat constricted at the septa, olivaceous, 15-17 x9 p.

On dead stems of Rubus sti'lgosus, Greenbush, N. Y. (fide Peck).

L. platanicola, (Howe).

Sphczria platanicola, Howe Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 43.
Leptosphceria platanicola, Saee. Syll. 6130, Cke. Syn. 4276, 4760.

Perithecia globose-conoid, erumpent. Asci cylindrical or sub-
45

354

>

clavate. Sporidia uniseriate, of a deep, dark color, 3-septate.
On branches of Platanus, New York.

L. taxicola, (Pk.)

Sphcsria taxicola, Pk. 24th Rep. p. 99.
LeptosphcEria taxicola, Sace. Syll. 3169.
Heplameria taxicola, Cke. Syn. 4959.

Perithecia minute, close, black, shining-, slightly prominent, at
first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent. Sporidia in a single
series, oblong, triseptate.

Occupying the whole upper surface of dead leaves of Taxus
Canadensis, Sandlake, N. Y. No measurements of asci and sporidi;i
•riven.

L. concentricaf E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia widely scattered, innate-'erumpent, on large, concen-
trically marked, dull cinereous, indefinite spots occupying a large part
of the leaf. Asci (p. sp.) 50-55x10 //. Paraphyses not seen. Spo-
ridia oblong-cylindrical, 2-septate, yellow-brown, 12-14x4-5 ft, ends
obtuse.

On apple leaves, Columbia, Mo. (H. Dorsett). and Louisiana
(Langlois).

This is different from L. Lucillm or from L. Pomona, Sacc.

L. Californica, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphcsria Californica, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 20.
Leptosphczria Californica, Sacc. Syll. 6665, Cke. Syn. 4295.

Densely gregarious, covered. Perithecia hemispheric-prominent,

obtuse, black, for a long time covered by the epidermis, but finally

partially denuded above. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, sublan-

' eeoiate, ends obtuse, 4-septate, the penultimate cell somewhat swollen,

pale brown, 25-30 x 8 /i.

On Araucaria imbricata, Barothamnus, Rhododendron, and
Euonymus, California.

Differs from Metasphcerla anisometra, Cke. & Hark., in the peri-
thecia being densely aggregated, so as sometimes to blacken the twij
for some inches, and in its brown sporidia.

** On herbaceous sterns; sporidia 2-S-septate.

L. Tephrosiae, (C. & E.)

Sphceria Tephrosice, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 10.
Leptosphceria Tephrosice, Sacc. Syll. 2949, Cke. Syn. 4275.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 695.

Perithecia scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, finally e.

355

posed and subsuperficial, subglobose, about \ mm. diam., with an
acutely papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 65-70x6-7 ft, par-
aphysate. Sporidia overlapping, uniseriate, fusoid, acute, nearly hya-
line and uniseptate at first, becoming subobtuse, brown and 3-septate,
18-20x4-5 /i, (30 x 6 p, Cke.).

On dead steins of Tephrosia Virginiana, Newfteld, N. J.

L. anomala, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 117.

Perithecia gregarious, membranaceous and of rather coarse, cel-
lular structure, about J mm. diam., black, smooth, subspherical, at
length slightly collapsing above, at first covered by the epidermis,
finally erumpent. Asci oblong-cylindrical, about 100 x 20 /*, subsessile,
with evanescent, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, broad oblong-
fusoid, 1-2-septate, inequilateral and slightly curved, pale straw-yel-
low, constricted at the main septum, 22-30 x 7-9 /*, (exceptionally
30-35 x 9-12 fi), mostly 22-25 x 7-8 /i.

On dead herbaceous stems, Scofield, Utah (S. J. Harkness.

With Cylindrocolla diffluens, E. & E. (J. M. 1. c).

It is possible that fresh specc. might show the sporidia to be
appendiculate, in which case this would be referable to Ceriospora.
but, as far as can be seen in the specimens examined, there are no
appendages on the sporidia, though while lying in the asci their ends
are acute. The sporidia, as a rule, are only 1 -septate, the 2-septate
sporidia being only occasionally seen.

L. Thalictri, Winter, Hedwigia, 1872, p. 140.

Matasphceria Thalictri, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 156.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, for a long time covered by the
epidermis, strongly depressed-spherical, black, with the very small,
papilliform ostiolum scarcely projecting. Asci fasciculate, oblong,
mostly broader below, sessile, 8-spored. Sporidia pyriform, 2-septate.
the terminal cells mostly larger than the middle one, ends rounded,
slightly constricted at the septa, pale yellow, 21-23x10 pt. Par-
aphyses filiform, articulated.

On stems of Thalicfrrum alpinum, Kobbefiord and Umanak.
Greenland.

The asci in the Greenland specc. were 70-75 x 20-24 /jt\ sporidia
25x11 a.

L. Doliolum, (Pers.)

Sp/uzria Doliolum, Pers. Syn. p. 78.

Pleospora Doliolum, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 276.

Leptosphceria Doliolum, Ces. & De Not. 1. c. p. 61.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 898.— Kze. F. Sel. 76, 335, 336.— Rab. F. F. 1546.— Rehm Asc. 93,
i94> 343-— Thum. F. Austr. 1148, 1255.— id. M. U. 141.— FH. N. A. F. 197.— Sace. M.
Ven. 1472.— Desm. Pi. Cr. Ed. I, 714.— Myc. March. 141.— Cke. F. B. 1st Ser. 489.

356

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first buried, finally fret*
and superficial, hemispherical, generally surrounded by several con-
centric furrows, about 400 /i diam. with a papillifonn, black, shining,
perforated ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored, 100-120 x 5J— 7 fx.
Sporidia nniseriate or partly biseriate, fusiform, straight or slightly
curved, subinequilateral, 3-septate and slightly constricted at the sept;iT
yellow-brown, 20-30 x 4| ii. Paraphyses filiform, branching.

On dead herbaceous stems, *Aster, solidago, &c, &c«, common.

L. siibconica, (€. & P.)

Sphczria subconica, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 65.
Leptosphceria subconica, Saec. Syll. 2898,
Heptameria subconica, Cke. Syn. 4699.
Exsicc. EH. M. A. F. 697.

Perithecia conoid, flattened at the base, somewhat collapsed when
dry, black, seated beneath the epidermis, which is at length thrown
off. Asci cylindrical, sessile, paraphysate, 75-80 x 6-8 p.. Sporidia
overlapping-uniseriate, broad-fusoid, subinequilateral, 3-septate and
sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, 20-25 x 5-7 fi.

On dead herbaceous steins, common.

It is doubtful wdtether this should be separated from L. Dolioium.

L. viridella, (Pk.)

Sphceria viridella, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 66.
Leptosphceria viridella, "Saec. Syll. 2910.
Heptameria viridella, Cke. Syn. 4714,

Perithecia small, gregarious, seated on a greenish spot, covered
by the epidermis which is ruptured by the minute ostiola. Asci cylin-
drical. Sporidia oblong-fusiform, sometimes curved, 3-septate, green-
ish, 25 ft long, the third cell from the base swollen.

On dead stems of melilot, Bethlehem, N. Y.

The marked feature of the species is the gTeenish color of the spot
and of the sporidia. The latter resemble those of L. subconica, ex-
except in color.

L. consessa, (C. & E.)

Sphceria consessa, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 95.
leptosphceria consessa, Saec. Syll. 2906.
Heptameria consessa, Cke. Syn. 4709.

Perithecia globose, black, shining, papillate, at first covered by
the epidermis, at length bare. Asci cylindrical, 75 x 7 it, paraphysate.
Sporidia biseriate, narrow-lanceolate, brown, 3-septate, 18-20 x 3-4 (u.
(20-22x5 /i, Cke.).

On dead stems of Ilelianthustuberosus, Newfield, N. J.

357
L. anthelmintica, (Cke.)

Spharia anthelmintica , Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.
Leptosphczria anthelmintica, Sacc. Syll. 2924.
Heptameria anthelmintica , Cke. Syn, 4730.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 372.

Perithecia scattered, covered, only slightly prominent, the puncti-
form ostiola piercing the epidermis. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia fusi-
form, triseptate, brownish, slightly constricted, 30x7 p..

On Ghenopodium anthelminticum, South Carolina.

L. dumetorum, Niessl, Beitrag, p. 26, tab. Ill, fig. 12.

Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 2238, 2S53.— Rehm Asc. 678, 688.— Thum. M. U. 224S.— M. March, 986,
2046, 2137, 2238.— EH. & Evrht. N, A. F. 2d Ser. 2614.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, hemispherical or
subglobose, papillate membranaceo-coriaceous, black, 200 fi diam.
Asci clavate-oblong, short-stipitate, rounded at the apex, 8-spored,
60-66x 6-7 //. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, inequilateral, straight
or slightly curved, subacute, 3-septate, the next to the upper cell
swollen, pale olive-yellow, 18-20x3 ft, Paraphyses longer than the
asci. Spermatia cylindrical, very minute, 2-4xK-2 /i, in small,
black, membranaceous, covered perithecia.

On dead stems of Helta nthm, Newfield, N. J., on dead stems of
Lonicera, New York (Fairman), and on stems of Impatient. Canada
(Dearness).

L. olericola, (B. & C.)

Sphccria olericola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 150.
Leptosphceria olericola, Sacc. Syll. 2923.
Heptameria olericola, Cke. Syn. 4729.

Perithecia gregarious, conical. Sporidia oblong, slightly curved,
triseptate, 25 fi long.

On stems of Brassica, New England.

A curious diseased state occurs, in which the sporidia turn black
and lose all trace of septa.

L. fimbriate, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia subglobose, 200-300 /j. diam., subcuticular, prominent,
exposed by the peeling off of the cuticle, fringed with brown, mycelial
threads around the base. Asci oblong-cylindrical, short-stipitate, par-
aphysate, mostly curved, 80-90 x 15-18 tx. Sporidia crowded-biseriate.
oblong-fusoid, 3-septate, scarcely constricted, brown, 20-24x5-6 ft,
slightly curved, subobtuse.

On dead herbaceous stems, Utah.

358

L. BrunelUe, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Sut Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 237.

Perithecia scattered, minute (200-250 ji), covered by the epi-
dermis, which is only slightly raised, and barely pierced by the papil-
liform ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-80 x 10-12 /i, subsessile,
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, slightly curved,
pale yellowish-brown, 3-septate, the next to the upper cell swollen.
22-30 x4 fi. Differs from L. pyrenopezizoides, Sacc, in its perithecia
not collapsing, and from L. parietarice, Sacc, in its paler sporidia.

On dead stems of Brunella vulgaris, London, Canada (Dearness).

Accompanied by perithecia containing fasciculate, acicular stylos-
pores (Rhabdosjwra) 40-55 x 2-2J p.. These perithecia are white
inside and rather larger. Other smaller perithecia contain spores
4xlJ ji {Phoma).

L. pyrenopezizoides, Sacc. & Speg. Mich.J, p. 394., F. Ital. tab. 323

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, subglobose-depressed,
165 fi diam., papillate, finally collapsing to cup-shaped, black. Texture
loosely parenchymatic, dark olive, more dense around the ostiolum
within a circular space about 10 /i across. Asci cylindric-clavate,
70-75 x 8 //, very short nodulose-stipitate, subtruncate above, with a
contracted opening, 8-spored. Sporidia subbi^eriate, fusoid, slightly
curved, 20-25 x 4 p, 3-septate, the second cell slightly swollen, pale
yellow.

On dead herbaceous stems, Manhattan, Kansas. (See Journ.
Mycol. II. p. 3).

L. vagabiinda, Sacc. F. A^en. Ser. II, p. 318.

Sphczriafuscella, Sacc. M. Ven. Spec. p. 97, tab. IX, fig-9. 37-46 (not B. & Br.)

Perithecia nestling in bark, covered by the epidermis, scattered
or crowded globose, with a small and only slightly projecting ostio-
lum. black, 200-500 //. diam. Asci clavate-cylindrical, short-stipitate,
8-spored, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, at first
hyaline and 4-guttulate, then uniseptate and constricted and finally
3-septate and brown, constricted at all the septa, and often with an oil
globule in each cell, 19-25 x 6-7 fi.

On dead stems of Hypericum prolificum, Newfield, N. J., and on
dead limbs of Spircea opidifolia, London, Canada.

Saccardo in Syll, II, p. 31 enumerates 25 different trees and
shrubs on which this species is found in Italy, Germany, France and
So. America. The spermogonial stage is Ccmi&thyrium vagabundwnh,
Sacc.

359
L. Physalidis, E. & E. Bull. Ton-. Bot. Club. XI, p. 42.

Perithecia minute, depressed-globose, of coarse, cellular structure,
with a rather broad opening above. Asci 35-40 x 7-8 f±, no paraph-
yses seen. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, slightly curved, yellowish,
3-septate, 15-19 x 3 //.

On dirty-white, round spots on leaves of Phymlis pubescent
near Lexington, Ky. (Kellerman).

L. Steironematis, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,
p. 237.

Exsiec. EH. & Evrht. n. A. F. 2d Ser. 2615.

Perithecia gregarious around the nodes of the stem, subepidermal,
conic-hemispherical, J mm. diam., raising the epidermis which is
pierced by the obtusely conic ostiolum. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-
100 x 15-20 /i, with abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong, 3-septate, sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, brown,
obtuse at the ends, mostly a little curved, 15-22 x 7-8 fjt,

On dead stems of Steironema ciliatum, London, Canada (Dear-
ness).

L. Silenes-acaiilis, De Not. Reel. Piren. p. 485.

L. Hausmanniana, Awd. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 1868, No. 8.
Exsiec. Rab. F. E. 2765.

Perithecia epiphyllous, thickly scattered, very small, punctiform,
globose, black, with a small, papilliform ostiolum which pierces the
epidermis. Asci oblong-clavate, sessile, 8-spored, 60-70x15-17 /i.
Sporidia conglomerated, fusoid, mostly slightly curved or inequilateral,
3-septate, not constricted, honey-yellow, 36-42x6-7//. Paraphyses
■filiform, conglutinated.

On leaves of Silene acaulis, Egedesminde, Greenland.

L. Stellaria-, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 557, No. 161.

Closely allied to L. Silenes-acaulis, differing principally in its
smaller asci and sporidia, which are 45x10 ft, and 20x6 /i respec-
tively.

On leaves of Stellaria humifusa, Itivnek, and on Stellaria
longipes, Godhavn, west coast of Greenland.

L. Oxyriae, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 559, No. 168.

Perithecia gregarious, dark, depressed-spherical. Asci thick,
cylindric-clavate, stipitate. 50-52x12-14 ju. Sporidia biseriate.
fiisoid-oblong, 3-septate, constricted at the septa, yellow.

360

On dvy stems of Oxyria digyna, Egedesminde, Greenland. No
measurements ofasci or sporidia given.

L. Ranunculi, Rostr. 1. e.

Perithecia covered by the epidermis, then denuded, depressed-
globose. Asci thick cylindric-clavate, 95-105 x 30-33 /jl, with a rather
thick membrane, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elongated, 30-
35 x 8-10 /jl, 3-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, the second cell
slightly enlarged, yellow.

On stems of Ranunculus affinis, Isortok, Greenland.

L. rubiciinda, Rehm, Wint. Diag., p. 10.— Sacc. F. Ital. tab. 292.

Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 92.

Perithecia gregarious on a dark red spot, innate and at first cov-
ered, but finally erumpent and partly free, brownish-black, globose,
collapsing and more or less flattened or even cup-shaped, 150-200//
diam. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 45-65 x 6-7 /jl, short-stipitate, par-
aphysate. Sporidia subbiseriate, narrow-fnsoid, 3-septate, slightly
curved, the second cell from the lower end slightly swollen when
mature, pale yellow, 22-25 x 2|-3 /i (45 x 2J-3 /i, Winter).

On dead stems of Phytolacca, Bethlehem, Pa. (Ran) and on dead
stems of Ambrosia, Louisiana (Langlois).

L. Harknessiana, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 91, (Plate 28)

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first covered by the epider-
mis, at length bare and superficial or nearly so, hemispherical, black,
smooth, J-| mm. in diameter. Ostiolum short-cylindrical, with a
large circular opening. Asci cylindrical, 100-114 x 10-12 /i, 8-spored.
and surrounded with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia in a single series.
lying end to end, elliptical, yellow-brown, 4 septate and constricted at
the septa, 18-22 x 7-9 /x, obtusely pointed above and regularly
rounded below. The perithecia are much like those of Leptosphmruc
smbconica, C. & P., but the ostiolum is shorter.

On dead stems of "Columbo" (Frasera'l). Emery Co., Utah (S. J.
Harkness).

L. distribiita, (C. & E.)

Sphceria distributa, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 41.
Leptosphcsria distributa, Sacc. Syll. 2912.
Heptameria distributa, Cke. Syn. 4716.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the blackened epidermis, which
is raised and pierced by the acutely papilliform ostiolum, mostly oblong

361

or elliptical, in a transverse section, longer diam. about 400 /i. Asci
clavate, subsessile, paraphysate, 8-spored, 75x12 fz. rounded at the
apex. Sporidia biseriate, broad-fusoid, slightly curved, 3-septate and
constricted at the middle septum, 20-27 x 7-9 //. including the hyaline
envelope.

On dead stems of Desmodium, Newfield, N. J.

The substance of the perithecia under the microscope is purple.

L. Utahensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, subcuticular, slightly
fringed around the base with mycelial threads, small, 150-175 //diam.,
closely covered by the cuticle, collapsing to concave. Ostiolum mi-
nute, papilliform. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 55-60 x 7-8 //, sessile, par-
aphysate. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong-fusoid, subinequilateral,
3-septate, ends subobtuse yellowish at first, finally opake, 15x3 /jl,
remaining for some time Uniseptate.

On dead stems of some (umbelliferous)? plant, Pleasant Valley,
Utah (S. J. Harkness).

L. Coniothyrium, (Fckl.)

Sphceria Coniothyrium, Fckl. Symb. p. 115^ and Nachtr. II, p. 89.
Leptosphceria Coniothyrium, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 29.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 388,

Perithecia gregarious, nestling under and attached to the epi-
dermis, depressed-globose, with a papilliform, erumpent ostiolum, black,
\ mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, substipitate, 8-spored, 60-90x5-7 /i.
Sporidia oblique or subbiseriate, oblong, subobtuse, 3-septate and
slightly constricted at the septa, the second cell somewhat broader,
often slightly curved, brownish, 10-15 x 2 J-4 jut. Paraphyses filiform.

On dry capsules of Salix glaum, Kobbefiord> Greenland.

L. Kalmire, Pk. 39th Rep. p. 53.

Perithecia subcespitose, erumpent, 350-450 p. diam., subhenii*-
spherical, thick, black, the ostiola pertuse or slightly papillate. Asci
cylindrical, 100-112x7-8 (jl. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong or sub-
fusoid, 3-septate, sometimes slightly constricted at the middle septum,
colored, 16-20 x 6-7 \ /jl. Paraphyses filiform.

On dead stems of Kalmia angust/ifolia, Adirondack Mts., N. Y.

Generally there are 3-4 perithecia in a cluster, but sometimes
they are single, and occasionally compressed.
46

362

*#* Mostly on herbaceous steins; sporidia 5- or more-septate.
L. stictostoma, (B. & C.)

Sphceria stictostoma, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 151.
Leptosphceria stictostoma, Sacc. Syll. 3162.
Heptameria stictostoma, Cke. Syn. 4952.

Perithecia covered by the cuticle, causing little corresponding
prominences pierced by the ostiola, at length free, subcorneal. Asci
oblong. Sporidia biseriate, cymbiform, 5-septate, constricted at the
<epta, 20 /jl long.

On some herbaceous plant, Connecticut.

L. stictoides, (B. & (.)

Sphczria stictoides, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 149, #

Leptosphceria stictoides, Sacc. Syll. 31 71.
Heptameria stictoides, Cke. Syn. 4961.

Forming little irregular, depressed spicules surrounded by the
cuticle. Sporidia nearly biconical, one division larger than the other,
5-septate, constricted at the middle septum. No measurements given.

On Liriodendron, North Carolina.

L. Vahlii, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 557 (No. 162).

Hyphae pale brown, with short, inflated joints. Perithecia de-
pressed-spherical, umbilicate, papillate. Asci numerous, elongated-
clavate, long-pedicellate, 90-100 x 11-13 p, with copious, filiform par-
aphyses. Sporidia biseriate, cymbiform-fusoid, dark, 5-septate, 20-25
x 6-7 /i, cells 1-2-nucleate.

On dry stems of Melandrium triflorum, collected by Vahl, at
Umanak, Greenland.

L. striata, Winter, Hedwigia 1872, p. 140.

Perithecia membranaceous, globose, with a small ostiolum, some-
what wrinkled, brown. Asci elongated-oblong, sessile, 8-spored, 90 x
1 2 /jt, with simple, filiform paraphyses longer than the asci. Sporidia
1'usoid, 5-septate, each cell with a large oil globule, greenish, the epis-
pore marked with longitudinal stripes, 35 x 5 p.

On stems of Veronica alpina, Greenland.

L. Bocconise, (C. & E.)

Sphceria Bocconicz, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 10,
Leptosphceria Bocconicz, Sacc. Syll. 2901.
Heptameria Bocconice, Cke. Syn. 4703.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 586.

Perithecia scattered, buried and, when the epidermis falls away.
with the rounded apex projecting, membranaceous, subglobose, brown-
ish-black. Asci clavate, 75 x 12 jjl, paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate.

363

snblanceolate in the asci, oblong-elliptical when free, straight or slight-
ly curved, pale yellow. 20—25 x 5-6 fi, 3-septate at first, becoming 5-
septate.

On dead stems of Bocconia (cult.), Newfield, N. J.

L. cassia»cola, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 41.

Perithecia gregarious, minute, 125-175 a diam., covered by the
blackened epidermis, which is raised into little pustules and at length
pierced by the papilliform ostiola. Asci 70-75 x 8-10 fx. Sporidia
biseriate, fusiform, slightly curved, 5-septate, yellow-brown, not con-
stricted at the septa. Has the general aspect of a Sphcerella.

On dead stems of Cassia, Houston, Texas (Ravenel).

L. subcaespitosa, Cke. & Hark. Grew XIV, p. 10.

Perithecia erumpent, subcespitose, black, crowded, 4-8 in a clus-
ter or arranged in elongated strips. Ostiola cylindrical, elongated,
emergent, Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate, constricted
in the middle, 5-septate, brown, 35-38 x 7 /i.

On stems of Geranium, California (Harkness).

L. Ogilvicnsis, (B. & Br.)

Sphazria Ogilviensis, B. & Br. Brit. Fungi, No. 642, tab. XI, fig. 2S.
Leptosphceria Ogilviensis, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 61.
Exsicc. Kunze F. Sel. 332, 580.— Rab. F. E. 2115.— Rehm. Asc. 35, 534.— Thuni. M. U. 649.
EH. N. A. F. 585.-1411. Fungi Hung. 163.— M. March. 746, 2537.

Perithecia mostly very numerous, thickly scattered over the stems.
at first covered, or with only the papilliform ostiolum projecting, after-
wards naked and free, depressed-hemispherical, with flattened, sessile
base, black and shining, finally umbilicate. Asci cylindrical, sessile.
60-75 x 10-12 //, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia fasciculate, long-
fusoicl, obtuse at the ends, constricted in the middle, often with one
half broader than the other, 5-septate, yellow-brown, 35-40 x 3J-4 //..

On dead herbaceous stems, especially of the Composite, Aster
Eriyeron, Bidens, Solidago, Newfield, N. J.

L. tenera, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 124.

Perithecia gregarious, seated just beneath the cuticle which closely
covers them, and is raised into little pustules and blackened, 200-
300 ii diam., subglobose or a little depressed, strongly fringed around
the base with brown, spreading hyphae. Ostiolum papilliform, erum-
pent. Asci clavate-cylindrical, slender, 65-70 x 5-6 //, paraphysate.
Sporidia overlapping and subbiseriate above, fusoid. slightly curved.

364

5-septate, brown, 15-20 (mostly 15) x 2§ p, scarcely constricted at the
septa, and occasionally with one joint (near the upper end) swollen.

On dead herbaceous stems (apparently of some umbelliferous
plant), Utah (S. J. Harkness).

L. planiuscula, (Riess.)

Sphceria planiuscula, Riess. Hedw. I, tab. IV, fig. 7.
Sphceria Virginica, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 16.
Leptosphceria planiuscula, Ces. & De Not, Schema, p. 61.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1847.— Myc. March. 2372.— Rehm Asc. 685.— EH. N. A. F. 579.— Rab.
F. E. 946.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first covered by the epider-
mis, then bare and free, depressed-spherical, 300-400 /j. diam., black,
smooth, shining, glabrous, with a small, flattened, perforated ostiolum.
Asci clavate, 105-115 x 14-16 /a stipitate, paraphysate. Sporidia
biseriate, fusoid, straight, at first uniseptate and nucleate, becoming
5-septate and brown, 40-55 x 6-7 fx.

On dead stems of Lepidium Virginicum, Newfield, N. J., and on
L. intermedium, Manhattan, Kansas.

The American specc. agree with the form on Cruciferous plants
in Rehm's Asc. 1. c. and can hardly be specifically distinct from the
usual European form on Solidago Virgaurea.

L. comatella, (C. & E.)

Sphceria comatella, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 52.
Leptosphceria Asparagi, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 70.
Leptosphceria comatella, Sacc. Syll. 2965.
Heptameria comatella, Cke. Syn. 4762.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 190.

Gregarious or scattered. Perithecia ovate, dark brown, covered.
Ostiola erumpent, surrounded by short, erect, rigid, black hairs. Asci
clavate, subsessile, paraphysate, 8-spored, 75-80x15 p. Sporidia
crowded-biseriate, abruptly fusiform, 5-septate, constricted at the
septa, hyaline, at length brown, 20-25 x 7-8 p. (35-40 x9//, Cke.).

On various dead herbaceous stems, Asparagus, Verbascum,
Gerardia, Desmodium, Baptisia, Phaseolus (cult.), Daucus, Tan-
acetum, and Aralia, Newfield, N. J.

Var. Lespedezw, E. & E., has the sporidia 6-7- septate, 35 x 8 p7
slightly curved, with one of the joints swollen. The bristles around
the ostiolum are sometimes wanting.

L. Mertensiae, (Ell.)

Sphceria Mertensice, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 90.
Leptosphceria Mertensice, Sacc. Syll. 2972.
Heptamerice Mertensice, Cke. Syn. 4772.

Perithecia subcuticular, at length erumpent, about \ mm. diamv

365

black, glabrous, subspherical. Ostiolum papilliform. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 75-100 x 15-18 fi, paraphysate. Sporidia crowded, linear-
lanceolate, yellowish, nucleate and uniseptate at first, finally 5- or more-
septate, constricted and more or less swollen in the middle, 37-50 x
3|-5 fi.

On dead leaves of Mertensia, Utah (Jones). Closely allied to
L. Ogilviensis, but sporidia rather larger, and perithecia not col-
lapsing.

L. Lophanthi, (B. & C.)

Sphceria Lophanthi, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152.
Leptosphceria Lophanthi, Sacc. Syll. 3163.
Heptameria Lophanthi, Cke. Syn. 4953.

Perithecia minute, covered by the cuticle. Asci oblong. Spo-
ridia fusiform, slightly curved, 6-septate, 50 //'long.

On Lophanthus, Pennsylvania (Michener).

The specc. distributed under this name in Roum. F. Gall. 3954.
are some sterile, worthless thing and give no assistance.

L. mesoedema, (B. & C.)

Sphceria mescedema, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 151.
Heptameria tnescedema, Sacc. Syll. 3187, Cke. Syn. 4979.

Perithecia at length liberated, conical. Sporidia elongated,
acuminate at each end, with about 8 septa, the central joint swelling,
52 fi long.

On Eupatorium coronopifolium and Cirsium muticum, South
Carolina.

L. Artemisise, (Fckl.)

Sphceria Artemisice, Fckl. F. Rh. 896.
Pleospora helminthospora, Fckl. Symb. p. 138.

Leptosphceria Artemisice, Awd. in Herb, and in Hedw. 1878, p. 46.
Exsicc. Rab. F. F. i725-

Perithecia somewhat scattered, covered, not erumpent, obtusely
globulose, and papillate. Asci elongated-clavate, 120-130 x 16-18 /*,
paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, fusoid, straight or
curved, 35-38 x 6-7 //, yellowish-olive, 5- (rarely 7-) septate, slightly
constricted at the septa.

On dead stems of Artemisia carta, Helena, Montana (Kelsey).

The pycnidial stage, Hendersonia Artemisice, Sacc, was not
observed. This has erumpent -superficial perithecia of medium size
with cylindrical ostiola as long as the diameter of the perithecia, and
fusiform sporules 40 x 8 /i, 5-6-septate, yellowish and slightly con-
stricted at the septa. In the Montana specc. the sporidia are 20-26 x

366

;reeing with specc. from Dr.

8-11 ,«, 3-5-septate, cjdindric-oblong, ag

Winter.

L. agnita, (Desni.)

Sphceria agnita, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill, Ser. 16 vol. p. 313,
Leptosphceria agnita, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 62,
Exsicc. Desm. Pi. Cryp. Ed. I, 713. — Cke. F. Br. 1st Ser. 277, 2d do. 255.— Rab. F. E. 2042,
Rehm Asc. 144.— Thum. M. U. 1257.

Perithecia scattered, erumperrt, becoming free, base applanate,
black and subsuming, about J mm. diam., seated on gray, effused spots.
Ostiolum papilliform, pierced, sometimes short-cylindrical. Asci sub-
clavate-cylindrical, narrowed slightly above and more so below.
8-spored, 1 20-125 x 8 //. Sporidia inordinate, elongated-fusoid, strongly
constricted in the middle, 8-celled (7-septate), the fourth cell from the
upper end generally somewhat swollen, yellow-brown, 30-35 x 3J pt.
Paraphyses filiform.

On dead stems of Impatiens, West Chester, Pa, (Everhart), on
dry stems of Hierachim vulgatum, at various localities in Greenland
(Rostrup).

L. aciita, (M. & N.) '

Sphceria acuta, M. & N. Stirp. Crypt. Vosges, No. 181,

Pleospora acuta, Fckl. Symb. p. 135.

Leptosphceria acuta, Karst. Mycol. Fenn. II, p. 98.

Sphceria coniformis, Fr. Syst. Myc. II, p. 508, sec. Karst.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 900.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 44, 729.— Thum. M. IT. 1287.— M. March 45,
Plowr. Sph. Brit. 89.— Cke. Fnngi Brit. Ser. I, 265, Ser. II, 254.— Rehm Asc. 783,
Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 36.

Perithecia scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, afterwards
bare and free, conical, running up into a thick, obtuse, perforated
ostiolum, black, glabrous, shining, about 350 [i diam. Asci cylin-
drical, elongated, 8-spored, 130-140 x 10 fi. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
straight or a little curved, subinequilateral, 6-10-septate, yellowish,
36-50 x 5-6 [i. Paraphyses slender, filiform.

On dead herbaceous stems, Carolina and Virginia (Berk, in
Grev.). Probably not uncommon.

L. torulispora, (Cke.)

Sphcerta torulcespora, Cke. Texas Fungi, 136.
Leptosphceria torulispora, Sacc. Syll. 3000.
Heptameria torulispora, Cke. Syn. 4804.

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent-superficial, conic-hemispherical,
about J mm. diam., glabrous, black, flattened at base, ostiolum conic-
papilliforin, distinct. Asci cylindrical, sessile or nearly so, 75-80 xl2
/a, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia fasciculate, fusoid-cylindrical,

367

brown, multiseptate, at length slightly constricted at the septa, nearly
as long as the asci, and 3-3| /j. thick.

On dead herbaceous steins, Texas (Ravenel).

The foregoing diagnosis is from specc. in our Herb, from Ravenel.

L. clavigera, (C. & E.)

Sphceria clavigera, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 16.
Leptosphczria clavigera, Sacc. Syll. 3008.
Heptameria, clavigera, Cke. Syn. 4812.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, covered, black, subprom-
inent, about J mm. diam. Asci clavate, 90-100x12-15 /jl, paraphy-
sate and stipitate. Sporidia crowded, clavate-fusoid, slightly curved,
reddish-brown, 7-9-septate, one joint (near the middle) sometimes
swollen, 25-35 x 6-8 p (40 x 8 /*, Cooke).

On dead stems of Phytolacca, Newfield, N. J., and on dead herb-
aceous stems, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

In the New Jersey specc. of this species, the sporidia remain for
a long time hyaline and uniseptate, only a few being seen with 4-5
septa and pale reddish-brown, but the Utah specc. agree well with the
diagnosis in Grevillea.

L. rubrotincta, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 150.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, depressed-globose, 200-250
fi diam., perforated above, covered by the slightly elevated epidermis,
which is slightly ruptured, and stained pale blood-red. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, sessile, 100-110 x 10-13 /i, sessile and accompanied by
paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, straight or slightly
curved, deep straw-yellow, 8-10-septate with one joint (a little below
the middle) slightly swollen, 25-40 x4-5 /i, ends subobtuse. Distin-
guished by its sporidia from all other red-tinged species.

On dead twigs of Staphylea trifolia, West Chester, Pa. (Ever-
hart.)

L. cousimilis, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 41.

Perithecia scattered, carbonaceo-coriaceous, | mm. diam., at first
covered and raising the fibers of the wood or bark into little pustules.
Ostiola papilliform, soon erumpent. Asci subcylindrical, 80-1 00 x 15
-20 .//, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, subbiseriate,
cylindric-fusiform, 3-septate and subhyaline at first, becoming yellow,
and finally dark brown, and about 7-septate, more or less constricted
at the septa, 28-35 x 8-10 p.. Apparently allied to Sphwria Baggei,
Auersw., which is said to have greenish-yellow, 3-5-septate sporidia.
In the Dakota specimens, the mature sporidia are quite constantly 7-

m

septate, exceptionally 8-septate. The perithecia occur both on decor*
ticated limbs and on those still covered with the bark, but in the latter
case, the bark is old and somewhat decayed.

On dead willow limbs, near Huron, Dakota, autumn, 1885 (Miss
Nellie E. Crouch).

L. Macliirse, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 236.

Spots as in Sphcerella Madura}, E. & E. (which occurs on the
same leaves), suborbicular, reddish-brown, 4-10 mm. diam., with a
darker margin and deciduous center. Perithecia mostly hypophyllous,
innate-erumpent, small (75 «),l)lack. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 50-60
x 8-10 /i. Paraphyses? Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, about 6-nucleate,
becoming 5-septate, slightly curved, nearly hyaline, 20-22 x 3 /i.

On leaves of Madura aurantiaca, Saline Co., Mo. (Demetrio).

L. puteana, E. & K. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent-superficial, subglobose or de-
pressed-globose, about 200 fi diam., black, glabrous, broadly perforated
above, rough. Asci subcylindrical, short-stipitate, rounded above,
about 75x15-18 jut, paraphysate. Sporidia crowded, sometimes
oblique, oblong-fusoid, 6-8-septate, sometimes a little curved, dark
brown, 20-27 x 6-8 //.

On the inside and outside of an oaken well-bucket, Manhattan,
Kansas (May Varney).

B. On monocotyledonous plants.
* Sporidia ^-septate.

L. sabaligera, (B. & C*)

Sphceria sabaligera, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 147.
Clypeosphceria sabaligera, Sacc. Syll. 3193.
Leptosphceria sabaligera, Cke. Syn. 4310.

Perithecia scattered, minute, covered by the blackened cuticle
which is slightly raised. Asci (p. sp.) oblong, 40-50 x 7-9 fi. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusiform, slightly curved, 3-septate, straw-yellow, some-
times constricted at the septa, 15-22x4-5 /i '(25 fi long, sec. Berk.).

On leaves of Sabal, Louisiana (Langlois).

L. sabalicola, (E. & M.)

Sphczria sabalicola, J$. & M. Am. Nat. 1882, p. 810.
Leptosphceria sabalicola, Sacc. Syll. 6135.
Exsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1963.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, with rather thick, coriaceous
walls, about \ mm. diarn^ covered by the epidermis, which is raised

369

into little obtusely conical projections, around which the surface of the
matrix is of a tawny color. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 50-60x7-8 jut.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong, 3-septate and slightly constricted at the
septa, brown, 11-15 x 3-3 J //, ends obtuse.

On petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida (Martin and Calkins).

This is closely allied to L. sabaligera, B. & C., but (sec. Louisi*
ana specc. from Langlois), differs in its rather larger, less prominent
perithecia and shorter, darker, constricted and obtuse sporidia.

L. gigaspora, Niessl. in Rab. F. E. 2998.

Perithecia somewhat scattered, globulose, sunk in the parenchy-
ma of the leaf, J mm. diani., with a broad, flattened, scarcely erumpent
ostiolum, black. Asci broad cylindric-clavate, sessile, rounded at the
apex, 8-spored, 144-150 x 22-24 jut thick. Sporidia 2-3-seriate, elon-
gated-fusoid, at first hyaline and 2-celled, finally 3-septate and some-
what constricted at the septa, honey-yellow, 50-55 x 10-12 p..

On leaves of Carex microglochin, Igaliko, Greenland.

L. culniorum, Awd. Verzeichn. des Leipz Tausch Vereins (1866).
p. 4.

Leptosptuzria microscopica, Karst. Fungi in Ins. Spetsb. collecti, in Oefvers, af
Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. (1872), p 102.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 1553, 54, 2759.— Rehm. Asc. 240.— Thum. F. Austr. 1254.— id. M. U. 761.

Perithecia scattered, buried except the very small papilliform,
projecting ostiolum, finally more or less erumpent, black, glabrous,
about 100 f± diam. Asci elongated-clavate, very short-stipitate, 8-
spored, 60-80 x 12-16 fi, with scanty, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
2-3-seriate, oblong-fusoid, subinequi lateral or slightly curved, 3-sep-
tate, the penultimate cell often a little enlarged, honey-yellow, 17-22
(or even 27) x 6-9 p..

On Luzida arcuata, spicata, and multiflora, Poa glauea, and
Jlexuosa, and on Alopecurus alpinus, in western Greenland.

L. jiincina, (Awd.)

Sphceria juncina, Awd. in Rab. F. E. 748-

Sphcerella juncina, Awd. Myc. Eur. p. 18, tab. VI, fig. 74*

Heptameria juncina, Cke. Syn. 4865.

Leptosphizria juncina, Sacc. Syll. 3094.

Perithecia very numerous, thickly scattered, covered by the epi-
dermis, globose, pierced above, black, 50-60 //. diam. Asci elongated-
ovate, very short-stipitate, 8-spored, 48 x 10-12 fi. Sporidia 3-4-
seriate, fusoid, subobtuse, slightly curved, 3-septate, not constricted,
brownish, 24x3-4 /i, often surrounded by a gelatinous envelope.

On Juncus biglumis. Disco, Greenland.
47

370

L. latebrosa, (Ell.)

Sphceria latebrosa, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 90.
Leptosphceria latebrosa, Sacc. Syll. 3176.

Perithecia gregarious, minute, subelliptical, 150x200 fi, subcu-
ticular, but prominent and covered by the blackened cuticle. Ostio-
lum papilliform, erumpent. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 60-70x8 /i
sessile. Paraphyses filiform, interwoven, longer than the asci. Spo-
ridia crowded, fusiform, slightly curved, 3-septate, pale brown, sub-
constricted at the middle septum, 20-25 x 3 /i.

On basal sheaths of old Andropogon, Newfield, N. J.

L. epicarecta, (Cke.)

Sphceria epicarecta, Cke. Grev. V, p. 120.
Leptosphceria epicarecta, Sacc. Syll. 3090.
Heptameria epicarecta, Cke. Syn. 4859

Perithecia scattered, covered by the cuticle, which appears darker
over them. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, broadly lanceolate,
3-septate, yellow, second cell rather larger, 30x10 /i. Perithecia
when dry, scarcely visible.

On leaves of Carex pulla, Egedesminde, Greenland.

In the Greenland specimens the asci were 66-70x20-22 p.\ spo-
ridia 28-30 x 9-10 fi.

L. orthogramma, (B. & C.)

Sphczria orthogramma, B. & C Grev. IV, p. 144.
Leptosphceria orthogramma, Sacc. Syll. 3071.
Heptameria orthogramma, Cke. Syn. 4839.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 195.

Forming parallel black lines, surrounded on each side by the
cuticle, and 1 mm. or more long. Perithecia small, with only the
apex erumpent. Asci clavate, about 80 x 10-12 //, paraphysate. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, yellow, 3-5-septate, with the middle joint
swollen, 25-35 x 7 fju

On Zea and Erianthus, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Carolina.

L. sorgophila, (Pk.)

Sphczria sorgophila, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 51.
Leptosphceria sorgophila, Sacc. Syll. 3072.
Heptameria sorgophila, Cke. Syn. 4840.

Perithecia very minute, immersed, erumpent through a longi-
tudinal chink, elliptical, black. Asci elongated-clavate. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, triseptate, constricted at the septa, pale
when young, then colored, 27-30 [x long.

371

On brush of an old broom-corn broom, Greenbush, N. Y.
The ostiola are so obscure that they can with difficulty be seen.

L. Michottii, (West.)

Sphceria Michottii, West. Bull. Soc. roy. bot. Belg. II. Ser. torn. VII, No. 52.
SpJuerella Michottii, Awd. Myc. Eur. p. 18, tab. VI, fig. 75.
Leptosphceria irimera, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. II, p. 319.
Leptosphceria Michottii, Saec. F. Ital. tab. 279.
Exsicc. Plowr. Sph. Brit. 267, 268.— Rav. F. Am. 750.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first covered, afterwards
erumpent, depressed-spherical, with a short, sharp, conical ostiolum,
black, J 00-1 20 p. diam. Asci cylindric-clavate, lounded at the apex,
with a short, thick stipe, 8-spored, 50-55 x 12-15 //, with scanty, fili-
form paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, straight,
rounded at the ends, biseptate and constricted at the septa, olive-
brown, 15-18 x 3|-4| /i, cells mostly nucleate.

On dead stems of Juncus, New England (Blake), on Carex, New
Jersey and Georgia.

L. arundinacea, (Sow.)

Sphceria arundinacea , Sow. Fng. Fung. tab. 336.
Sphceria Godini, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Ser. torn. V, p. 49.
Leptosphceria Godini, Awd. Tausch-verein, 1866, p. 4.
Pleospora arundinacea, Fckl. Symb. p. 137.
Melogramma arundinacea, Niessl. in Rab. F. K. 1840.
Leptosphceria arundinacea, Sacc. Syll. 3081, F. Ven. Ser. II, p. 320.
Heptameria arundinacea, Cke. Syn. 4849.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. F,. 1840. — Rehm Asc. 193,— Thum. M. U. 1256. — M. March. 259.

Erumpent, linear, black, with scarcely any stroma. Perithecia
in one or two series, connate, minutely papillate, black inside. Asci
elongated-clavate, with branching paraphyses, 8-spored, 80-88x10-
12/z. Sporidia subbiseriate, fusoid, 3-septate, mostly straight, 24-30
x6/i, at first hyaline, then honey -colored. Spermatia, in perithecia
like the ascigerous perithecia, oblong, uniseptate, hyaline. Pycnidial
perithecia the same, stylospores fusiform, curved, 3-5-septate, cells
nucleate, yellow, 26-56 x 6 p.

On Arundinaria, South Carolina.

L. hysterioides, E. & E. Bull. Wash. Coll. 1884, p. 4.

Perithecia globose, 165 p. diam., covered by the blackened cuticle
which is pierced by the obtusely-conical ostiolum. Often several peri-
thecia are confluent in the direction of the longer axis of the leaf so as
to resemble closely some minute Hysterium and this resemblance is
increased when, as often happens, the epidermis splits along the line of
the ostiola, Asci oblong or oblong-cylindrical, 85-112x12-15 a\

372

paraphyscs matted together at their tips. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
fusiform, hyaline, 4-nueleate, becoming 3-septate and brown, 20-24 x
7-9 jut, constricted at the septa, ends obtuse.

On dead leaves of Xerophyllum tenax, Mt. Paddo, Washington
(Suksdorf |,

L. Typharum, (Desm.)

Sphtzria scirpicola, var. Typharum, Desm. Cryp. de France, Fd. II, No. 1428.

Pleospora Typharum, Fckl. Symb. p. 137.

Leptosphceria Typharum, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 100.
Exslcc. Desm. Pi. Cr. 1. c.— Fckl. F. Rh. 858.— Kunze F. Sel. 256.— Rab. Herb. Mycol.
731.— id. F. F. 1040, 1448, 2552.— Rehm Asc. 142.— Thum. M. U. 352.— Myc. March.
2350.

Perithecia scattered, buried, globose- or elliptical, with the broad-
conoid apex projecting, black, glabrous, 160-200 /jt in the longer
diameter. Asci oblong, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 60-80 x 16-20 //,
paraphysate. Sporidia 2-3-seriate, oblong, obtuse, 3-septate, scarcely
constricted, slightly curved, clear yellow, 21-24x7-9 p..

On dead leaves and culms of Tyjiha latifolia, Montana (Kelsey),
Delaware (Commons).

L. filamentosa, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 76.

Perithecia immersed, scattered, small (200-225 //), depressed-
globose, the upper part slightly raising and barely rupturing the
cuticle. Ostiolum not prominent. Asci subcylindrical, 75-80x7-8 /i,
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-cylindrical,
3-septate, yellow, constricted at the septa, not curved, 12-15 x4-5 //,
ends obtuse. The spermogonial stage is a Coniothyrium (C. concen-
tricum)'? with small (4 /i), subglobosae, brown sporules. The parts of
the leaf (mostly the sides or tips) occupied by the ascigerous stage of
this species are quite dead, and soon become decayed and brittle.

On dead places in living leaves of Yucca Jilame?itosa, Newfield,
N.J.

L. marina, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 43.

Perithecia irregularly scattered, subelliptical, (J-| mm.), upper
part hemispheric-conical, projecting, closely covered by the blackened
epidermis, apex subtruncate with a papilliform ostiolum, which is soon
deciduous, leaving a broad opening. Asci 112-150x25-35 ju, nar-
rowed into a substipitate base. Sporidia 2-3-seriate, fusiform or cla-
vate-fusiform, yellowish, 1-3-septate (mostly uniseptate), slightly con-
stricted at the middle septum, 50-70x10-12 ju, ends subobtuse. In
this case, the greater number of septa does not seem to indicate

373

maturity. The perithecia are more prominent and the sporidia much
longer than in L. discors, S. & E.

On dead culms of Spartina lying on the beach at Cape May,
X. J. (Mrs. Caroline Treat).

L. discors, Sacc. & Ell. Mich. II, p. 567.

Metasphczria discors, S. & E. Sacc. Syll. 3473.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1341.

Perithecia loosely gregarious, innate, globose-papillate, black, the
ostiola piercing the blackened epidermis. Asci cylindric-clavate, 120 x
20 /jt, short-stipitate ; paraphyses filiform, generally dichotomous. Spo-
ridia obliquely uniseriate or biseriate, oblong-fusoid, ends rounded,
25-30 x 9-10 (jl, 3-septate, constricted at the septa, 4-nucleate, the two
inner cells darker, the end cells subhyaline.

On culms of Spartina, Cape May, N. J.

L. algida, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 560 (No. 175).

Perithecia globulose, scattered, 16.0 jx diam. Asci cylindric-ela-
vate, somewhat curved, 50-54x12 //, without paraphyses. Sporirlia
obliquely uniseriate, oblong, often somewhat curved, yellow, 3-septate,
16-20x6-7 ft.

On leaves of Catabrosa algida, Maneetsok, "Greenland.

L. Xerophylli, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 316.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1340.

Perithecia scattered, subglobose, 150-190 it diam., semiimmersed.
Ostiolum obtuse with a rather large opening, elevating and splitting
the epidermis, by which it is partly covered. Asci oblong or oblong-
clavate, sessile, 55-60x15 p, with obscure paraphyses. Sporidia bi-
seriate, broad-fusoid, slightly curved, hyaline at first with 4 large nu-
clei, becoming 3-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, 19-25 x
5-6 J it. Doubtfully distinct fronj L. hysterioides.

On deall leaves of Xerophyllum asphodeloides, Willow Grove,
N.J.

Accompanied by Hendersonia Xerophylli, Ell. (Torr. Bull. IX,
p. 74), and a Pestalozzia. On the same leaves are also superficial
perithecia containing oblong-elliptical, brownish spores 4x2 p.

L. phormicola, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 10.

Perithecia gregarious, punctiform, erumpent, emergent through
cracks in the epidermis, black, subconvex, papillate. Asci clavate,
8-spored. Sporidia sublanceolate, rounded at the ends, biseriate, tri-

374

septate, scarcely constricted, pale brown, 22x6 //.
On Phormium, California (Harkness).

L. folliculata, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890, p. 237.

On pale white, elliptical spots 2-4x1-1 J mm. Perithecia bur-
ied in the substance of the leaf with their apices slightly prominent,
few on a spot (1-6), small 60-75 /i diam. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
50 x 10-12 /i. Sporidia biseriate, oblong or clavate-oblong, 2-septate
and slightly constricted at the septa, 12-15 x 3 /i, yellowish-brown,
ends obtuse. Differs from the other species on Carex in its distinct
spots and smaller sporidia.

On leaves of Carex folliculata, London, Canada (Dearness).

L. Corallorhizae, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 105.

Perithecia scattered, subcuticular, 1 12-125 fi diam, pierced above,
raising the epidermis in a papilliform manner so that the stem is
slightly roughened. Asci abundant, oblong-cylindrical, 75-80 x 15 /i,
paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, curved, subhyaline, nucleate,
then uniseptate. becoming 3-septate and constricted at the middle sep-
tum, 24-27x4-5 ft.

On dead stems of Corallorhiza, Caroga, N. Y. (Peck), London,
Canada (Dearness).

The diagnosis is drawn from the Canada specimens, which were
not fully mature, but there seems no doubt that they represent the
species described by Peck.

** Sporidia 5-septate.
L. incarcerata, (B. & C.)

Sphczria incarcerata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152.
Leptosphceria incarcerata, Sacc. Syll. 3174.
Heptameria incarcerata, Cke. Syu. 4968.

Perithecia under a little clouded speck of the cuticle opening by
a little longitudinal fissure. Sporidia torulose, straight, 5-septate,
50 n long.

On Spdrtina, South Carolina.

This cannot differ much from L. albopunctata (West).

L. Straminis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 10.

Culmicolous. Perithecia scattered or subgregarious on dark-col-
ored, effused spots, erumpent, black, convex, perforated. Asci cylin-
dric-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate, 5-septate, slightly con-

375

Btricted, brown, the two central cells longitudinally divided, 32-35 x

6-8 //.

On straw, California.

L. Spartinae, E. & E. Journ. My col. I, p. 43.

Perithecia gregarious (about 1 mm.), covered by the blackened
cuticle which is raised into little prominences over them and pierced by
the papilliform and at length broadly perforated ostiolum. Asci 115-
120x12-15 //, surrounded by abundant paraphyses, and containing
eight two-ranked, broadly fusiform, pale yellowish, 5-septate, 35-45 x
8-10 [i sporidia.

On culms of Spartina decaying on the beach, Cape May and
Atlantic City, N. J.

This must be very near L. incarcerata, B. & C, but in that
species the perithecia are said to lie under " a little clouded speck in
the cuticle opening by a little longitudinal fissure," while in L. Spar-
tince the surface of the culm is uniformly blackened and raised into
little pustules by the subjacent perithecia, and these pustules are not
longitudinally cleft, but merely perforated by the papilliform ostiola.

L. albopunctata, (West.)

Sphczria albopunctata, West in Kickx, Fl. Crypt. Fl. I, p. 355.
Leptosphczria sticta, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 43.
Leptosphczria albopunctata, Sacc. Syll. 3116.
Heptameria albopunctata, Cke. Syu. 4892.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2616.

Perithecia scattered, subovate, membranaceous, buried under the
blackened epidermis, which is pierced but not raised by the punctiform
ostiola. Asci 100-125x15-20 /u, with abundant paraphyses. Spo-
ridia 1 or 2-seriate, fusiform, pale yellow, *5-septate, very slightly con-
stricted at the septa, ends obtuse, 30-40 x 7-9 /i. Distinguished by
its punctiform ostiola, which are the only outward indication of the
buried perithecia. The fruit is scarcely different from that of the pre-
ceeding species. The part of the culm occupied by the perithecia is
uniformly blackened.

On decaying culms of Spartina, Cape May, N. J., and on culms
of Juncus maritimus, Ocean Springs, Miss. (Tracy).

We have compared L. sticta, E. & E. with an authentic spec, of
L. albopunctata, West., sent us by Prof. Oudemans, and it is undoubt-
edly the same.

L. culmicola, (Fr.)

Sphczria culmicola, Fr. S. M. II, p. 440.
Leptosphczria culmicola, Awd. Tausch-Verein, 1866. p. 4.
Exsicc. Rehm. Asc. 143.— Thum. M. U. 457.

376

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, sunk in the substance of
the leaf with the papilliform ostiolum erumpent, globose or subellip-
tical, black, with branched, creeping mycelial threads around the base,
200-250 [i diam. Asci clavate, substipitate, 8-spored, 70-80 x 8-0 //.
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia fusoid, subinequilateral and often
slightly curved, 5-septate, the second cell from the upper one thicker
than the others, honey-yellow, 19-22x4-5 a.

On culms of Phragmites, Iowa (Arthur), on Andropogon muri-
catus, Louisiana (Langlois), on culms of some grass, Long Island, N. Y.
(Zabriskie).

L. Nardi, (Fr.)

Sphczria Nardi, Fr. S. M. II, p. 520.
Leptosphocria Nardi, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 62.
Pleospora Nardi, Fckl. Symb. p. 137.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mye. 640.— Fckl. F. Rh. 855.

Perithecia scattered, buried, finally erumpent, globose, black, flat
and perforated above, 170-190 fi diam. Asci cylindrical, subattenu-
ated below, sessile, 8-spored, 70-80 x 10J— 12 p, with filiform paraph-
yses. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, subinequilateral or slightly curved,
5-septate, the third cell mostly a little swollen, yellow, 23-25 x4-5 /j.

On Nardus striata, Nanortalik, Greenland.

L. heloniaefolia, (C. & E.)

Sphczria heloniczfolia , C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 16.
Leptosphczria heloniczfolia, Sacc. Syll. 3102.

This is a stylosporous fungus (Hendersonia) and not ascigeroos,
sporules 1-2-septate, brown, 20 x 8 /i.

L. Rousseliana, (Desni.)

Sphczria Rousseliana, Desm. XVII, Not. in Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Ser. torn, n, p-

355-
Leptosphczria Rousseliana, De Not. Schema, p. 236,
FJxsicc. Rab. F. E. 2048.— Desm. PL Crypt. Ed. I, 2082.— id. Ed. 2d, 1782.

Perithecia minute, scattered or subapproximated, globose, \ mm.
diam., immersed, covered by the blackened cuticle, gray inside. Osti-
olum erumpent, punctiform. Asci elongated, subclavate, 80-100 fi
long. Sporidia subfusiform, 20-25 /i long, ends obtuse, straight or
curved, olivaceous, 4-5-septate.

On leaves of Colpodium latifolium, Greenland.
*** Sporidia 6-12-septate.

L. Sporoboli, Ell. & Galw. Journ. Mycol. V, p. 66.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, subhemispherical, gla-

377

brotis, black, 200-250 ja cliam., with a short, thick, nipple-like ostiolum.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-80x16-18 fi, with abundant paraphyses.
Sporidia crowded-biseriate, overlapping each other, oblong-fusoid, sub-
obtuse, 6-septate, and not at all or finally slightly constricted at the
septa, about 22 x 7 /a, straight or nearly so.

On dead culms of Sporobolus depauperatus, Montana (Anderson).

Differs from L. culmifraga in its more scattered mode of growth
and quite constantly only 6-septate sporidia, and from L. culmicola in
its superficial growth and broader sporidia without any protuberant
cell.

L. scapophila, (Pk.)

Sphceria scapophila, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 66.
Leptosphceria scapophila, Sacc. Syll. 3007.
Heptameria scapophila, Cke. Syn. 4811.

Perithecia minute, subglobose, scattered, covered by the epider-
mis which is ruptured by the minute, perforated ostiola. Asci cylin-
drical. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, subcylindrical, yellowish, 25-
30 ji long, 7-septate, one apical and three basal cells longer than the
others.

On dead scapes of Sarracenia purpurea, Adirondack Mts., N. Y.
(Peck), Minnesota (McMillan).

L. Beaumontii, (B. & C.)

Sphceria Beaumontii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 145.
Leptosphceria Beaumontii, Sacc. Syll. 3179.
Heptameria Beaumontii, Cke. Syn. 4973.

Forming little short, black lines, bursting through the cuticle.
Asci elongated, clavate. Sporidia linear, sometimes oblique, with
about 9 septa and a nucleus in each joint, 50 /j. long.

On stalks of some grass, Alabama.

L. ceratispora, (B. & C.)

Sphceria ceratispora, B. & C. Grev. IV. p. 150.
Leptosphceria ceratispora, Sacc. Syll. 3178.
Heptameria ceratispora, Cke. Syn. 4972.

Perithecia gregarious, conical. Sporidia long, curved, acuminate
at both ends, with 12 or more septa, projecting at the septa like the
horns of some antelope.

On some thick, herbaceous stem, possibly Zeu, South Carolina.

L. interspersa, (Cke.)

Sphceria inter spersa, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 146.
Leptosphceria interspersa, Sacc. Syll. 3134.

Scattered. Perithecia globose, subprominent, brown, with pap*

48

378

filiform ostiola. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform,
7-septate, bright brown, at first nucleate.

On husks of Zea Mays, Gainsville, Fla.

No measurements are given.

L. zizanijecola, (B. & C.)

Sphceria zizanicecola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 145.
Sphceria rimosa, Schw. (Herb.)
Leptosphceria zizanicecola, Sacc. Syll. 3175.
Heptameria zizanicecola, Cke. Syn. 4969.

Forming little swollen patches, slightly discoloring the cuticle.
Asci elliptical, containing four linear, straight or sigmoid, 5-6-septate
sporidia 33-50 p. long.

On Zizania, (Carolina)?

The perithecia are entirely buried. We have seen no authentic
specimens.

L. culmifraga, (Fr.)

Sphceria culmifraga, Fr. S. M. II, p. 510.
Leptosphceria culmifraga, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 61.
Heospor a culmifraga, Fckl. Symb. p. 137.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2245— Rehm Asc. 195, 700, 784, 785.— Rab. F. F- 1552.-1^111. Fungi,
Hung. 74, 366.— M. March. 2354, 3034.

Perithecia scattered or seriate, at first covered, afterwards erum-
pent through cracks in the epidermis, subcompressed, mostly elliptical,
sometimes spherical, with a short-conical ostiolum, black, glabrous or
with a few brown, mycelial threads around the base, 300-400 x 200-
250 p. Asci clavate, 8-spored, 80-100 p long, 12-14 p broad, par-
aphysate. Sporidia 2-3-seriate above, fusoid-elongated, mostly curved,
7-9-septate, the third cell generally a little swollen, slightly constricted
at the septa, yellow, 35-46 x 5-7 p. -

On Pavicum, New England (Berk, in Grev.), on culms of Phlewn
pratense, New Jersey, on stems of grass, New York (Peck), and on
Panicum Curtisii (culms), Louisiana (Langlois).

C. On cryptogamous plants.

L. Marcyensis, (Pk.)

Sphceria Marcyensis, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 51.
Leptosphceria Marcyensis, Sacc. Syll. 3143.
Heptameria Marcyensis, Cke. Syn. 4930.

Perithecia minute, punctiform, covered by the epidermis, whicl
is ruptured by the distinct, slightly prominent, blunt ostiola. Asc
oblong-cylindrical, sessile. Sporidia crowded, subfusiform, blunt,
slightly colored, 3-septate, 25-28 x 7| /i, the cells generally nucleate.

370

On leaves of Lycopodiurn annotinum and L. Selago, Mt. Marcy,
New York.

L. lycopodiicola, (Pk.) 38th Rep. p. 105.

Leptosphceria lycopodiicola, Sacc. Syll. 6690.
Heptameria lycopodiicola, Cke. Syn. 4928.

Perithecia small (125-150 fi), sphaeroid or elliptical, erumpent,
black. Asci subcylindrical, nearly sessile, 55-75 x7-10 ju. Sporidia
oblong or subfusiform, slightly colored, 3-5-septate, 20-25 x4§-5 ju.

On dead peduncles of Lycopodiurn clavatum, Adirondack Mts.»
New York.

The perithecia are associated with a minutely tufted Clado*
xporium. Some of them are laterally compressed. The sporidia are
much narrower than in L. Crepini and L. Marcyensis.

L. Crepini, (West).

Sphcsria Crepini, West, in Bull, de la Soc. de botan. de Belg. II, tab. VII.
Leptosphceria Crepini, De Not. Nuov. Reel. Piren. Ital. p. 10.
Exsicc. Rabv F. E. 444.— Thum. M. IL 354.

Perithecia mostly hypophyllous, gregarious, buried, covered by
the epidermis, globose or subdepressed, broadly perforated above,
black, 100-150 p. diam. Asci cylindrical or elongated-subclavate,
sessile, 8-spored, 70-75x13-14 ft. Sporidia 2- or partly 3-seriate,
oblong, obtuse, slightly curved, 3-septate, yellowish, 20-26 x 7-10 pu
Paraphyses filiform.

On spikes of Lycopodiurn annotinum, Mt. Marcy, N. Y. (Peck),
Igaliko, <fcc, in Greenland (Rostrup).

L. polaris, Sacc. SylL II, p. 83, (Sphasria No. 8, Th. Fries in
Hedw. 1881, p. 59).

Perithecia small, immersed, black. Asci cylindric-clavate, with
abundant branching paraphyses, 4-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong,
obtuse, 3-septate, somewhat constricted at the septa, especially the
middle one, cells 1-2-nucleate, obscurely clouded, 28-32x9-10 ji.

On the lichen Rhizocarpum geographicum, Greenland.

METASPHiERIA, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 156.

We have reluctantly accepted this as a genus distinct from Lepto*
xphceria, from which it differs only in its permanently hyaline spo-
ridia. Practically it makes little difference whether these hyaline*
spored species are recognized under a separate generic name, or
considered a section or subgenus of Leptosphceria. In either case

He

380

they will be separated from the brown-spored species, so that it seems
more convenient to give them a separate generic name. It may be
noted that quite a number of the species grow on limbs, wood or bark
of trees or shrubs.

A . On dicotyledonous plants.
* Sporidia 3- [rarely 4-) septate.

M. sepincola, (Fr.)

Sphceria sepincola, Fr. S. M. II, p. 498.
Metasphceria sepincola, Sacc. Syll. 3433.
Exsicc. Cke. F. Brit. 1st Ser. 263 — Fckl. F. Rh. 2026.— Roum. F. G. 585.

Gregarious. Perithecia covered, globose, subrugose, white with-
in, with a central nucleus, pierced with a simple ostiolum. Asci slen-
der-clavate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, hyaline, 3-septate, 10 jj. long,
(Berk.), 20 x 8 p (Fckl.).

On Spiraea opulifolia, Mountains of New York (Berk, in Grev.).

The spec, in Cke. F. Brit, is sterile, and in Roum. F. Gall, there
is only some stylosporous fungus, so that we can only give the pub-
lished diagnosis, which we have taken from Cooke's Handbook. The
species seems not to be well understood.

M. semen, (C. & P.)

Sphcsria lCaulicolcs) semen, C. & P, 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 65. > -

Metasphceria semen, Sacc. Syll. 3460.
Psilosphceria semen, Cke. Syn. 2996.

Perithecia soon free, globose, clustered, pierced at the apex, black.
Asci clavate or cylindrical. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, straight or
, curved, 3-septate, deeply constricted in the middle, hyaline, 30-35 //
long.

On fallen petioles of Pyrus Americana, New York State (Peck).
~ *wVrkicc rhoeUsp*'*' (Berk. rCwvn Skec

vpoTV C^ rul)ida? ft & E prQC> Aca(i Nat/ Sd phil Jul lg90j 231

* Perithecia gregarious, globose, minute (J mm.), sunk in the surface
of the wood with their apices and obtusely-conic ostiola projecting.
On carefully shaving off the ostiola, the upper part of the perithecium
is seen to be filled with carnose, bright flesh-red material which is also
often visible through the broadly perforated ostiola. The lower part
of the perithecia is white inside. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-80 p
long (p. sp. about 40 x 12 p). Paraphyses abundant, longer than the
asci. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong-fusoid, slightly curved, 3-sep-
tate, the next to the upper cell swollen, hyaline, 20-22 x 3|-4| p.
The upper part of the perithecia seems to be covered (as in Clypeo-

:J„M

aphceria) with a more or less distinct cap of black, carbonaceous
matter which is irregularly ruptured by the emergent ostiolum.

On a decaying log of Platanus occidentalism, Flatbush, Long
Island, N. Y. (Zabriskie).

M. Arabidis, Johans. Svamp. Island, p. 169, tab. XXIX, fig. 11.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, depressed-spherical, black or
cinereous-black, pierced with a round pore above, 180-200 p diam.
Asci cylindric-clavate, short-pedicellate, paraphysate, 8-spored, 54-60 x
8-10 p. Sporidia biseriate, cylindric-fusoid, hyaline, 3-septate, not con-
stricted, second cell scarcely or only slightly enlarged, straight or
curved, 22-28 x 4-5 ft.

On leaves of Arabia alpina, Kerortusok, Greenland.

The Greenland specc. have asci 75-90 x 10 p, sporidia 25-28 x
3-4 /i.

M. Cassiopes, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 561 (No. 181).

Perithecia scattered, semiimmersed. Asci cylindric-clavate, 37-
40 x 10 p, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong,
obtuse, 3-septate, hyaline, 12-15 x 5 ft.

On dry leaves of Cassiope tetragona, Isortok Kingua, Greenland.

M. anisometra, (Cke.& Hark.)

Spharia anisometra, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 86.
Metasph&ria anisometra, Sacc. Syll. II. p. 163.
Endophkca anisometra, Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 8g.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 890.

Perithecia evenly and thickly scattered, erumpent, minute (150 p)i
subglobose, black, rough, with a papilliform ostiolum soon perforated.
Asci oblong-clavate, sessile, 70-75 x 12 //, with abundant paraphyses.
Sporidia lanceolate, 1-4-septate, hyaline, ends acute while lying in the
asci, obtuse when free, 19-22 x 4-5 // (26 x 8 p, Cooke). The mature
sporidia are slightly olivaceous and constricted above the middle. In
the specc. distributed in N. A. F. the sporidia are mostly less than 5 p
thick.

On twigs of Mimulus glutinosus, Lonicera, Cupressus, Euca-
lyptus, Rubus, Draccena, and on pods "of Hobinia, California.

M. subcutanea, (E. & E.)

Spharia subcutanea, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 41 •

Metasph&ria subcutanea, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 167, Cke. Syn. 4163,

Perithecia scattered, semierumpent, ovate-globose, black, thin-

382

carbonaceous, about 200 ;x diam. Ostiolum not prominent. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, narrowed below, paraphysate, 70-75 x 8-10 /x.
Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, 3-septate, acute, 20-22 x2|-3 /x.
On decorticated limbs of pear or apple, Newfield, N. J.

In Grevillea (1. c.) the sporidia are said to be 5-septate, con-
stricted in the middle, with the third joint slightly swollen, 40x5 /i,
but our specc. are as above stated, sporidia not constricted, and none
of the cells swollen.

M. boiicera, (C. & E.)

Sph&ria boucera, C. & E. Grew VIII, p. 15.
Metasphczria boucera, Sacc. Syjl. II, p. 161, and Cke. Syn. 4456.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 887, (in part).

Perithecia scattered, covered by the epidermis, subglobose, promi-
nent, black. Asci cylindric-clavate. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, tri-
septate, hyaline, slightly curved, with a horn-shaped appendage at
each end, 30-32 x 7 J tx without the appendages (which finally dis-
appear).

On dead herbaceous stems, Newfield, N. J.

M. plagaram, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria plagarum, Cke. & Hark. Grew XIII, p. 19.
Endophlvea plagarum. Cke. & Hark, in Cke. Syn. 4160.
Metasphceria plagarum, Sacc. Syll. 7025.

Perithecia gregarious, covered, elevated, subglobose, black, car-
bonaceous, collected in patches covered by the convexly elevated
cuticle. Asci clavate, sessile, 8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate, inor-
dinate, triseptate, hyaline, 18-20x4 /x, ends acute.

On bark of Eucalyptus, California.

M. Cattanei, Sacc. Syll, 3482.

Perithecia membranaceous, scattered, black, immersed in the par-
enchyma of the leaf, covered by the slightly pustulate-elevated epi-
dermis, subglobose, perforated above, 200-300 /x diam. Asci numerous,
subsessile, 8-spored, 150 /x long, p. sp. 50 x 8 /x. Sporidia, subbiseriate,
oblong- fusoid, slightly curved, 1-3-septate, slightly constricted at the
septa, 20-22 x 4-5 /x (27 x 6 pi, Sacc), hyaline.

On withered leaves of rice, South Carolina and Louisiana.

M. Myrica\ Pk. 38th Rep. p. 105.

Perithecia numerous, broadly conical, 400-500 tu diam.. covered

383

by the thin, closely adhering epidermis, black, white within. Ostiola
perforated. Asci clavate, obtuse. 100-1 25 x 16-20 /i. with abundant,
conglutinated paraphyses. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong or
subfusoid, straight or slightly curved, at first uniseptate, quadri-
nucleate, strongly constricted at the septum, finally 3-septate, hyaline,
30-40x10-12//.

On dead branches of Myrica Gale, lying partly in water, New
York State.

The epidermis is so closely adherent that the perithecia appear as
if superficial or merely innate at the base. The nuclei of the sporidia
are large. Sporidia with 3 septa were rare, but this may have been
due to immaturity.

M. staphylina, (Pk.)

Sphceria, staphylina, Pk. 26th Rep. p. 86.
Metasphcena staphylina, Sacc. Syll. 3447.
Endophlcea staphylina, Cke. Syn. 4161,

Perithecia minute, black, covered by the epidermis which at
length ruptures in a stellate manner or irregularly. Asci? Sporidia
biseriate, colorless, constricted in the middle, 3-5-septate, 20-25 /j.
long, the two parts formed by the central septum unequal in diameter.

On dead twigs of Staphylea trifolia, Helderberg Mts., N. Y.

M. leiostega, (Ell.)

Sphcerialeiostega, Ell. Bull. Torr, Bot. Club, VIII, p. 91.
Metasphceria leiostega, Sacc. Syll. 3432.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 888.

Perithecia gregarious, pustuliform, entirely covered by the epi-
dermis which is usually not ruptured or blackened over them, sub-
prominent, of medium size. Asci cylindrical, 80-100 x 10-12 <u,
abruptly narrowed below into a short, stipe-like base, not paraphysate.
Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, nearly hyaline, 3-septate, 12-18 x7-8 p..

On various dead twigs, Carya, Rosa, Vaccinium &c, Newfield,
N. J., and on ffibes, London, Canada (Dearness).

This is certainly very near M. corticola, (Fckl.), but we have no
specc. of that species for comparison. It is also closely allied to Lep-
tosphazriafuscella, (B. & Br.), but that has olivaceous sporidia (see p.
353).

M. helicieola, (Desm.)

Sphczria helicieola, Desm. 16, Not. 1849, p. 30.

Leptosphczria helicieola, Desm. Niessl, Beitr. p. 25, tab. Ill, fig. 18.
Metasphceria helicieola, (Desm.) Sacc. Syll. II, p. 169.
Exsicc. Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 2085, Ed. II, 1785.

Amphigenous. Perithecia scattered, erumpent, at length partially

384

free, 120-130 /jl diam., globose, obtusely papillate, collapsing in the
center, marginate, coriaceo-membranaceous, black. Asci large, oblong,
8-spored, 68-76x10-12 /*, short-stipitate, obtusely flattened at the
apex, with scanty, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, oblong or
fusoid-oblong, 3-septate and constricted at the septa, 18-20x4 p, ends
obtuse, nucleus subolivaceous.

On dry leaves of Hedera Helix.

This is credited to North America by Saccardo in Syll. 1. c.

M. hedersefolia, (Cke.)

Sphceria hedercefolia, Cke. Grev. XI, p. no.
Metasphceria hedera folia, Sacc. Syll. 6148.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 683.— Ell. N. A. F. 699.

Foliicolous, gregarious. Perithecia globose, semiimmersed, black.
Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptic-lanceolate, or clavate, triseptate, hya-
line, 20 x 8 a.

On leaves of Hedera Helix, Aiken, South Carolina (Ravenel).

This appears to differ from the preceding species in its narrower
sporidia.

M. complanata, (Tode).

n, p. 508.

Sphceria complanata, Tode Meckl. fig. 88, and Ff. S.

Leptosphceria complanata, De Not. Schema, p. 62.

Metasphceria complanata, Saec. Syll. II, p. 161, and Cke. Syn. 4454.

Perithecia scattered, subglobose, black, soon collapsing and flat-
tened. Ostiolum papilliform, persistent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia
1-2-seriate, subfusoid, curved, 4-celled, second cell subinflated, 30 x
5 [j., hyaline or greenish-hyaline.

On dead herbaceous stems, South Carolina and Virginia.

M. acuum, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria acuum, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 86.
Metasphceria acuum, Sacc. Syll. 3459, Cke. Syn. 5786.

Perithecia black, scarcely papillate, erumpent, hemispherical, sub-
prominent. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, sublanceolate, rounded
at the ends, constricted in the middle, 1-3-septate, sometimes quadri-
nucleate, hyaline, 23-24 x 6 p..

On fir leaves.

Closely allied to M. anisometra, (C. & H.)

M. sqamata. (C. & E.)

Sphceria squamaia, C & F. Grev. VII, p. 10.
Metasphceria squamaia, Sacc. Syll. 344.5-
Endophlcea squamaia, Cke. Syn. 4158.

385

Peritbecia scattered, suberumpent, depressed-hemispherical, |-|
torn, diam., membranaceous, black, ostiolum not prominent. Asci
oblong or ovate-oblong, sessile, mostly subattenuated above, but obtuse,
70-76 x 15-20 /i. Paraphyses not abundant. Sporidia mostly biseri-
ate or irregularly crowded, oblong-fusoid, 1-3-septate, hyaline, 22-25

x6-8/;.

On dead limbs of Finns rigida, Newfield, N. J.

M. cavernosa, (E. & E.)

Sphceria {Metasphceria) cavernosa, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 91.
Metasphceria cavernosa, Sacc. Syll. 7030.

Peritliecia coriaceo-carbonaceous, black, rather thin-walled, \-\
mm. diam., sometimes 2-3 united, at first covered by the fibers of the
bark, the upper half at length projecting and nearly bare. Ostiolum
subtuberculiform, obtuse, broad. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 80-115 x
12-15 ju, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate or partly bi-
seriate above, rather acutely elliptical, endochrome, 3-times divided,
hyaline, 18-22 x 7-9 /i. The upper part of the perithecium at length
falls away, leaving the black, cup-shaped, hemispherical base bedded
in the bark. Closely allied to M. leiostega, Ell., which is scarcely
distinct from M. corticola, Fckl. It differs however in its denuded
peritliecia, longer and broader asci, and rather longer sporidia. The
sporidia of M. leiostega, are mostly 14-18 x 7-8 ju, very few reaching
20 p long.

On bark of Taxodium distichum, Darien, Ga. (H. W. Ravenel,
703).

** Sporidia 5- or more-septate.

M. briinnea, (Cke.)

Phospora. brunnea, Cke. in Rav. E. Am. 684,, and Syn. 5013.
Metasphceria brunnea, Sacc. Syll. 3427, Cke. Syn. 4459.

Peritliecia covered by the epidermis, densely and widely grega-
rious, so as to blacken the stem, globose-depressed, small, 120-180 p
diam., papillulate, finally collapsing. Asci cylindric-clavate, 90-1 00 x
16 p, sparingly paraphysate, very short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate or obliquely uniseriate, oblong-fusoid, at first broader and
surrounded with a hyaline envelope, 6-nucleate, becoming 5-septate,
the third cell thicker, constricted in the middle, 28-30 x 6|-7J /i, fre-
quently curved.

On dead stems of Foeniculum, Aiken, South Carolina.

M. aiilica, (C. & E.)

Sphceria aulica, C. & E. Grew VI, p. 95.
Metasphceria aulica, (C. & E.) Sacc, Syll. II, p. i68v
Endophloea aulica, Cke. Syn. 4164.

49

386

Perithecia somewhat scattered, covered, globose, black, subpiomi-
nent, papillate, about 200 jj. diam. Asci clavate, rounded above,
paraphysate, about 70x12-14 /x. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, en-
dochrome 5-parted, hyaline, narroAver below, 22-25 x4/i (35-40 x 9 /i7
Cke.), constricted at the septa.

On Lonicera and Solidago, Newfield, N. J.

M. rimularum, (Cke.)

Sphceria rimularum, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 146.
Metasphczria rimularum, Sacc. Syll. 3502, Cke. Syn. 4500.

Perithecia covered, globose, crowded in short lines, covered by
the longitudinally fissured cuticle. Asci clavate. Sporidia fusoid,
hyaline, 5-septate, constricted, nucleate, 40-50 x 5-6 //.

On reeds (Arundinaria), Gainesville, Fla.

"The perithecia are collected in little, elongated clusters, the
cuticle cracked above them in parallel lines, but the ostiola do not
penetrate."

M. brachytheea, (B. & C.)

Sphczria brachytheea, B. & C Grev. IV, p. 146.
Metasphczria brachytheea, Sacc. Syll. 3451.
Endophlaea brachytheea, Cke. Syn. 4165.

Perithecia minute, surrounded by the cuticle. Asci obovate,
very short. Sporidia clavate, with about 6 septa, 25 ji long, resem-
bling those of Patellaria atrata.

On Rosa, New England.

M. dissiliens, (€. & E.)

Sphceria dissiliens, C & E. Grev. V, p. 51.

Metasphczria dissiliens, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 163, and Cke. Syn. 4463.

Perithecia scattered, black, at length erumpent, subglobose, with
punctiform ostiola. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, 8-sep-
tate, 70x9 /i, constricted and divided into two unequal parts, one of
which is 3-septate and the other 4-septate, readily dividing at the con-
striction, hyaline.

On stems of Desmodium strictum, Newfield, N. J.
B. On monocotyledonous plants.
* Sporidia 3-septate.
M. Palmetta, (Cke.)

Sphceria Palmetta, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.
Metasphczria Palmetta, Sacc. Syll. 3489.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 369.

387

Perithecia scattered, covered by the blackened epidermis, which
is raised into little pustules. Ostiola erumpent. Asci cylindrical or
clavate, 60-70 x 10-12 // (30x7 p Cke.). Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
hyaline, uniseptate at first, becoming 3-septate and constricted, 20-25
x 6-8 fx. Var. foliicola, E. & E., is on dead spots in the leaves,
and has the perithecia subelongated or hysteriiform, but does not
differ materially in other respects.

On dead petioles of Sabal Palmetto, Georgia (Ravenel).

We have retained this species on the authority of Dr. Cooke, but
it is very doubtful whether it is specifically distinct from Leptosphm-
ria sabaligera, B. & C. The only appreciable difference lies in the
rather larger perithecia and subhyaline sporidia.

M. macrotheca, Rostrup, Fungi Gronl. p. 561 (No. 183).

Perithecia gregarious, globose-depressed. Asci very large, ovate-
oblong, contracted just below the apex, stipitate, 130-135 x 30-38 p.
Sporidia irregularly 3-seriate, 8-in an ascus, hyaline, 3-septate, each
cell with a cubical nucleus, 32-35 x 12-13 p.

On dead leaves of Carex hyperborea, Sukkertoppen, Greenland.

M. punctulata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 76.

Perithecia scattered, immersed, the surface of the culm remaining
quite even but blackened around the small, erumpent, black ostiola,
or. finally more or less uniformly blackened. Perithecia globose, \-\
mm. diam., with a white, rather firm nucleus. Asci clavate-cylindri-
cal, 80-110 x 20 /i, with indistinct paraphyses. Sporidia fusoid,
slightly curved, 3-septate, hyaline, 40-50 x 6-7 p.

On dead culms of Panicum Curtisii, St. Martinsville, La.

M. stenotheca, (E. & E.)

Sphceria (Metasphceria) stenotheca, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 127.
Metasphceria stenotheca, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 844.

Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, subovoid, \ mm. diam.,
buried in the matrix, except the rather prominent, depressed-conoid
apex, which is covered by the blackened epidermis, with only the
papilliform ostiolum erumpent Asci linear, 70-80 x 4-5 p, with in-
distinct paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, overlapping, oblong-fusoid.
3-4-nucleate, becoming 3-septate, subhyaline, 12-16x3 p.

On sheaths of dead Panicum Curtisii, Louisiana (Langlois).

388

M. laciistris, (Fckl.)

SphcEria lacustris, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. II, p. 22.
Metasphceria lacustris, Sacc. Syll. 3470, Cke. Syn. 4466.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2436.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the epidermis, finally erumpent.
globose or somewhat depressed, with the apex somewhat shining and
crowned with a small, perforated, papilliform ostiolum, black, 180-
210 fi diam. Asci elongated-oblong, sessile, 8-spored, 70-90 x 12-14 fi,
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia bis(3riate, ol)long, at first unisep-
tate, then 3-septate, constricted at the septa, rounded at the ends.
hyaline, 20-22 x 5 jju

On Phragmites communis, Manhattan, Kansas (Kellerman).

The sporidia are somewhat longer than in the original specc. ex-
amined by Dr. Winter.

M. infiiscans, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, on the inner surface of the sheath, de-
pressed-globose, black, \-\ mm. diam., the subcorneal apex raising the
epidermis into little pustules which become umbilicate at the apex by
the collapsing of the papilliform ostiola. Asci oblong-cylindrical,
sessile, paraphysate, 70-80 x 10-12 /i. Sporidia crowded-biseriate,
elavate-oblong, 3-septate, but not constricted, yellowish-hyaline, 15-
20 x 3J-4J /i.

On the inner surface of dead, blackened, outer sheaths enclosing
the spikes of Andropogon Virginicus, Alabama (Atkinson).

M. sabalensis, (Cke.)

Sphczria sabalensis, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.
Dilophia sabalensis, Sacc. Syll. 4105.
Metasphceria sabalensis, Cke. Syn. 4523.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1962.

Perithecia numerous, small, covered by the blackened epidermis
which is raised into slight pustules. Asci clavate, 150 /i long. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusoid, 45-50x4-41 fi, hyaline, prolonged at each end
into a bristle-like appendage, uniseptate at first, then 3-septate, the
extreme septa near the ends.

On dead petioles of Sabal serrulata, Georgia (Ravenel), Florida
(Calkins).

M. ceratotheca, (Cke.)

Sphceria ceratotheca, Cke. Grev. XT, p. 109.
Metasphceria ceratotheca, Sacc. Syll. 6150, and Cke. Syn. 4487.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 677.

389

Superficial, nestling in a black, conidiiferons subiculum. Peri-
thecia very small, black, opake, hemispherical. Asci lanceolate, with
an acute, horn-shaped apiculus above. Sporidia lanceolate, 3-septate,
hyaline, 25x5 p.. Conidia pluriseptate, muriform, brown, 45-50 fi
long.

On culms of Zea Mays, Aiken, South Carolina.

M. borealis, Rostr. 1. c.

Perithecia gregarious, above the medium size, sphaeroid, with a
conoid papilla. Asci cylindric-clavate, 70-75 x 14-1 6 p. Sporidia
biseriate, cuneate-oblong, 1-3-septate, hyaline, obtuse at both ends,
22-26 x 5-6 //.

On dry stems of Tofielda borealis, Umanarsuk, Greenland.

M. Panicorum, (Cke.)

Sphcerella Panicum, Cke. Grev. V, p. 153.

Metasphceria Panicorum, Sacc. Syll. 3483, and Cke. Syn. 4479.

Perithecia epiphyllous, scattered, covered, on purple spots. Asci
clavate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, hyaline, triseptate, 25 x 5 ft.
On fading leaves of Panicum, South Carolina.

M. carectorum, (B. & C.)

SphcEria carectorum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 153.

Metasphceria carectorum, Sacc. Syll. 3487, and Cke. Syn. 4482.

Minute, punctiform, scattered, subprominent. Asci clavate. Spo-
ridia short-fusiform, 4-nucleate. No measurements given.
On leaves of Carexfollictdata, United States.

M. recutita, (Fr.)

Sphceria recutita, Fr. S. M. II, p. 524.
Sphcerella recutita, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. II, p. 21.
Metasphceria recutita, Sacc. Syll. 3484, and Cke. Syn. 4480.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2434.

Perithecia very small, spherical, perforated above, black, innate-
erumpent, crowded in long, parallel lines, so that often the whole leaf
appears gray. Asci pyriform or ovate-elliptical, sessile, 8-spored,
27-30 x 12 fi. Sporidia conglomerated, elongated-clavate, somewhat
narrowed below, uniseptate, slightly constricted at the septum, hyaline,
12-14x31//.

On dead leaves of Carices, Troy, N. Y. (sec. Peck).
** Sporidia 4:-&-septate.

M. defodiens, (Ell.)

Sphceria {Leptosphceria) defodiens, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 90.
Metasphceria defodiens, Sacc. Syll. 3505, Cke. Syn. 4503.
Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 889.

390

Perithelia scattered, depressed-globose, 150-300 f± diam., buried,

but raising the epidermis into strong, hemispherical protuberances,
finally deciduous. Ostiolum subglobose-papillate, black, rough, erum-
pent. Asci clavate, attenuate-stipitate, 90-100x12 //, paraphysate.
Sporidia biseriate, fusoid or clavate-fusoid, 20-25 x 4-5 p, endochrome
4-6-parted, mostly 5-parted, pale yellow.
On dead stems of Juncus, Iona, N. J.

The sporidia are at first surrounded with a broad, gelatinous
envelope which disappears together with the bristle-like apical appen-
dage. The measurements here given apply to the body of the sporid-
ium and do not include the envelope. Specc. of L. apogon, S. & S.
in Kriegers Sax. Fungi, 130, are quite different from this. L. juncina,
Awd. (Myc. March. 2140) has much smaller and less prominent peri-
thecia.

M. hyalospora, (Sacc.)

Leptosphceria hyalospora, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. II, p. 323, F. Ital. tab. 273.
Metasphceria hyalospora, Sacc. Syll. 3497, Cke. Syn. 4495,
Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 587.

Perithecia gregarious but separate, erumpent-superficial, rather
less than \ mm. diam., globose, black. Ostiolum rather acutely coni-
cal, becoming narrowly perforated. Asci densely fasciculate, cylin-
dric-subclavate, 90-100x10-12 /i, often flexuous, 8 spored, with a
short, nodulose stipe, and with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia fusoid,
28-32 x 5|-6| /I, obtusely acuminate at each end, somewhat curved.
8-guttulate, then torulose, 7 -septate, hyaline.

On decaying stalks of Zea Mays and on culms of Panicum crus-
galli, Newfield, N. J., and on Sabal Palmetto, Louisiana (Langlois).

Both the New Jersey and Louisiana specc. have the sporidia 35-
45x7-9 jut, 9-12-septate and slightly curved.

C. On cryptoga?nous plants.

M. epipteridea, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria epipteridis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 8.
Metasphtxria epipteridea, Sacc. Syll. 3513, Cke. Syn. 4513.

Scattered, covered or erumpent and semiimmersed, black. Asci
clavate, sessile. Sporidia fusoid, hyaline, 3-5-septate, 22-25 x 5 //.
On stipes of Pteris aquilina, California.

M. Lycopodii, (B. & C.)

Sphceria Lycopodii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 155.
Metasphceria Lycopodii, Sacc. Syll. 351 1, Cke. Syn 451 1.

Punctiform, quite covered by the cuticle, not the least projecting.

391

Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate", shortly fusiform, hyaline, biseptate.
No measurements given.

On Lycopodium, New Jersey.

CERIOSPORA, Niessl. (Plate 32)

Not. Pyr. p. 9.

Perithecia scattered, sunk in the matrix, with the ostiolum erum-
pent, and the perithecia themselves finally suberumpent or exposed.
Asci 8-spored. Sporidia fusoid, 1-3-septate, yellow or yellowish-
brown, with a hyaline, mucronate appendage at each end. Paraphyses
evanescent.

In the original diagnosis of the genus, only the ostiola are erum-
pent, but in both the species here described the perithecia themselves
are finally erum pent-superficial. Dr. Winter includes this in Fam.
Gnomoniece, but it seems to us more closely allied to Pleosporece.

C. Montaniensis, (E. & E.)

Lophiostoma Montaniensis, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 64.

Perithecia scattered or oftener seriate in longitudinal cracks in
the bark, erumpent-superficial, depressed-globose, J-f mm. diam.,
smooth, with a small, tubercular-papilliform ostiolum pierced with a
slightly elongated opening. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 80-90x7-8 u,
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, 3-sep-
tate, the two middle cells brown, the terminal cells hyaline and acute,
prolonged into a filiform appendage 6-8 p. long. Colored part of the
sporidia 12-14x6-7 y.. The sporidia are exactly like those of a
single-crested Pestalozzia, but they are produced in asci.

On dead stems of Clematis ligusticifolia, Montana (Anderson).

A more careful examination shows that this can not be a Lophios-
toma. The description in Journ. Mycol. is faulty, "cm." should be
"mm./7 and the measurements of the sporidia are omitted.

C. Alabamiensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, tubercular-hemispherical, but covered by
the epidermis, obtuse and perforated above, brown, J-| mm. diam..
base broadly adnate and slightly sunk. Asci cylindrical, short-stipi-
tate 90-100 x 6-8 /i, paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate, ends over-
lapping, fusoid-oblong, yellowish-hyaline, subinequilateral, 12-15x4-
5 //, with a straight, hyaline bristle or awn 10-15 ju long at each end,
with a large nucleus at first, becoming uniseptate.

On dead herbaceous stems, Alabama (Atkinson).

392

SACCARDOELLA, Speg,

Mich. I, p. 461.

Perithecia large, immersed, eoriaceo-carbonaceous. Ostiolum
papilliform. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia elon-
gated-fnsoid, setigerous-appendiculate, multiseptate, hyaline.

S. Canadensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia solitary, ovate, f x J mm. stink in the inner bark, of
light-colored, waxy consistence inside, the apex raising the epidermis
into slight pustules barely perforated by the papilliform ostiolum.
Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 200-280 x 10//, with abundant filiform
paraphyses. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, fusoid-cylindrical, about
15-septate, 40-60 x 8-9f/z, at first much smaller, uniseptate and setig-
erous at each end.

On bark of Crataegus, London, Canada (Dearness).

JULELLA, H. Fab.

Spher. Vaucluse, p. 113.

Perithecia simple, subglobose, typically covered, but (in the
American species) suberumpent. Asci 1-2-spored. Sporidia large,
clathrate-reticulate, yellowish.

J. monosperma, (Pk.)

Sphczria monosperma, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 79, pi. 2, figs. 36-39.
Julella monosperma, Sacc. Syll. 3874.

Perithecia scattered, semiirnmersed, ovate-hemispherical, black,
about \ mm. diam. Ostiolum tubercular-papillifortn, flattened above
and soon pierced with a large, round opening. Asci clavate-oblong.
75-150x30-40 /jl, with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia only
one in .an ascus, densely clathrate-fenestrate, and nearly filling the
ascus, yellowish-hyaline.

On decorticated birch wood, Forestburg, N. Y. (Peck), on decor-
ticated bleached wood, Washington (Suksdorf).

In the Washington specc. the perithecia are rather smaller (J mm.
diam.), and the sporidia also are mostly not over 100 x 25 /i, but other-
wise they do not seem to differ from the New York specc. sent by
Peck. The Washington specc, however, are rather old, and the upper
part of the perithecia is broken away so that the ostiolum can not be
seen. J. Kellermanni, mentioned in Cooke's Synopsis Pyrenomy-
cetum (5137 bis), is Kellermannia yucccegena, E. & E., which belongs
in the Sphceropsidece (see Journ. Mycol. I, p. 153).

393

OPHIOBOLUS, Riess.

Hedw. 1853, p. 27.

Perithecia scattered, subsphaeroid, submembranaceons, covered or
Suberumpent. Ostiolum papillate or elongated. Asci cylindrical.
Sporidia filiform, guttulate or septate, hyaline or yellowish. Caulico-
lous or culmicolous.

0. acurainatus, (Sow.)

Sphceria acuminata, Sow. F,ng. Fungi, tab. 394, fig. 3.
Sphceria Carduorum, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II. 805.
Ophiobolus disseminalns, Riess, Hedw. I, p. 27.

Ophiobolus acuminatus, Duby, in Rab. Herb. Mycol. Ed. Il, No. 57.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 780.— Rab. F. F,. 1156, I437-— Rehm Asc. 50.— Thum. F. Austr. 476.
id. M. U. 358.— Roum. F. Gall. 1849.

Perithecia scattered, at first sunk in the matrix, with only the con-
ical or short-cylindrical ostiolum projecting, finally erumpent, and by
the falling away of the epidermis, superficial, about \ mm. diam., often
with mycelial hyphae around the base. Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored,
stipitate, 1213-150x8-10 /i, paraphysate. Sporidia filiform, multinu-
cleate, then multiseptate (15-20-septate), usually with one joint (near
the middle mostly) swollen, yellowish, 75-1 10 x 2 j— 3 /*.

On herbaceous stems : Erigeron, Campanula, Polygonum, Cir-
sium, Solanum and Lappa.

Specimens on Cnicus lanceolatus, sent from London, Canada
(Dearness), have two of the joints swollen, dividing the sporidium into
three subequal parts.

0. porphyrogonus, (Tode).

Sphceria porphyrogona , Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 12, tab. IX, fig. 72.
Sphceria rubella, Pers. Syn. p. 63.
Rhaphidophora rubella, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 80,
Leptospora rubella, Rab. Herb. Mycol. 532.
Leptospora porphyrogona, Rab. Hedw. I, p. 116.
Rhaphidospora rubella, Fckl. Symb. p. 125.
Ophiobolus porphyrogonus, Sacc. Syll. 4017.
Fxsicc, Fckl. F. Rh. 787.--Kze. F. Sel. 79, 254.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 532.— Rehm Asc. 94.
Thum. M. U. 561.— EH. N. A. F. 191.— SydoW M. March. 1358.— Roum. F. Gall. 288.

Perithecia scattered or oftener gregarious, and mostly on purplish-
red stains, at first buried, finally more or less eriun pent, globose-conical,
sometimes slightly depressed, with a flattened base, black, brittle, glab-
rous, with projecting, conical or cylindrical ostiolum, about 300 //
diam. Asci cylindrical, long and narrow, substipitate, 140-160x4|-
<] /i, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia filiform, lying parallel, about as
long as the asci, multinucleate, then multiseptate, yellowish, about 1 p.
thick.

On dead herbaceous stems: Solanum, Zea, Lactttca, &c, common.
50

394

0. consimilis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, subcuticular, finally exposed by the falling
away of the cuticle, ovate-globose, small, about 200 p diam., with a
short-cylindrical, projecting ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, stipitate, 75-
100 x 8 p, with paraphyses crisped and more or less matted together
above. Sporidia filiform, multiseptate, yellow, nearly as long as the
asci, without any swollen joint, about 2 p thick.

On old tomato stems, Newfield, N. J., and on okra stems, Louisi-
ana.

In the Louisiana specc. the perithecia are often on red stains, just
as in O. porphyrogomis, but this is easily distinguished from that
species by its smaller perithecia, shorter and broader asci and sporidia.

0. fllisporus, (C. & E.)

Sphceriafilispora, C. & E- Grev. VII, p. 10.
Ophiobolus Jilisporus, Sacc. Syll. 4074.
Raphidospora filispora, Cke. Syn. 4581.

Perithecia lenticular, \ mm. diam., scattered, covered by the epi-
dermis which is slightly raised and perforated, and stained olive-black.
Asci linear, 1 12-1 50 x 5-Q p. Sporidia filiform, nearly as long as the
asci.

On dead stems of Smilax, Newfield, N. J. Apparently rare.
Closely allied to O. stictisporus, (C. & E.)

0. trichisporus, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, ovate-conical, about
400 p high and 300 p broad, narrowed gradually above into a stout,
obtuse, cylindric-conical apex, glabrous, black, membranaceous. Asci
linear, paraphysate, 180-220 x3-3| p. Sporidia about as long as the
asci, very slender filiform or capillary, nucleate, scarcely \ p thick,
yellowish-hyaline.

On dead culms of some grass, London, Canada (Dearness).

The asci and sporidia scarcely differ from those of O. stictisporus,
(C. & E.), but the erumpent-superficial perithecia easily separate this
from that species.

0. impttxiis, (E. & E.)

Lophiostoma (Lophionenza) implexum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 75.

Perithecia gregarious, brown strigose, ovate, about \ mm. diam.,
subcuticular, the obtuse-conical, slightly compressed ostiolum and upper
part of the perithecia erumpent. Asci 150-160x8-10 p, claval
cylindrical, with abundant filiform paraphyses. Sporidia filifon

*

395

closely braided or twisted together, and about as long as the asci.
Well characterized by its perithecia clothed with brown strigose hairs,
and its braided sporidia.

On dead adventitious roots of Sorghum Halapense, and on the
lower part of sheathing leaves of (Andropogon)i}. Pointe a la Hache,
La. (Langlois).

This evidently belongs here rather than among the Lophios-
tomew.

0. stictisporus, (C. & E.)

Sphceria slictispora, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 96, tab. 100, fig. 36.
Ophiobolus stictisporus, Sacc. Syll. 4067.
Raphidospora stictispora, Cke. Syn. 4574.

Perithecia scattered, immersed, and covered by the blackened
cuticle which is only slightly elevated, \-\ mm. diam., with a rather
large opening above. Asci linear, 150-210 x 3-4 //, paraphysate.
Sporidia capillary, nearly as long as the asci and about \ ft thick.

On dead culms and leaves of grasses, Newfield, N. J.

The general appearance is that of a Stictis.

0. olivaceus, (Ell.) (Plate 28)

Leptosphceria olivacea, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 53.
Ophiobolus olivaceus, Sacc. Syll. 7127.

Perithecia submembranaceous, about 250 ft diam., buried in the
substance of the stem and covered by the cuticle, which is slightly
elevated, stained olive-brown and pierced by the broad, rough, obtuse
ostiolum. Asci clavate, 75-85x15-18 fju Sporidia fasciculate, yel-
low-brown, vermiform, 6-7-septate, and when mature, slightly con-
stricted at the septa, the third joint from the tip slightly swollen, 75 x
3J-4/*.

On dead herbaceous stems, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

The sporidia are generally slightly bent just below the swollen
joint.

0. Medusa, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 150.

Perithecia membranaceous, scattered, depressed-globose, \-\ mm.
diam., covered by the epidermis which is not discolored or raised,
but merely pierced by the black, punctiform ostiolum. Asci very long
(400 fx and over by 43-15 ft broad), containing 8 filiform, curved spo-
ridia nearly as long as the asci, and 3-3 § p. thick in the middle, grad-
ually tapering to each end, yellowish or nearly hyaline, with endo-
chrome multipartite. The perithecia lie i&Jhe furrowed cavities of

396

the culm, attached above to the inner surface of the cuticle and cov-
ered with loose, spreading, weak, brawn, septate hairs 200-300 p long
by about 3 p thick. On culms of Spartina, lying partly buried in the
sand on the beach at Cape May, N. J., and on culms and sheaths of
Andropogon muricatus, Louisiana (Langlois).

0. anguillides, (Cke.)

Sphteria anguillida, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 15.
Ophiobolus anguillides, Sacc. Syll. 4029.
Raphidospora anguillida, Cke. Syn. 4542.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 5H2.

Perithecia gregarious, soon exposed, ovate, black, smooth, hard,
shining, papillate, | mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, 80-110 x 10-12 p.
Sporidia filiform, multiseptate, yellowish, 80-100 x 2|-3 p (120 p long
Cke.).

On dead stems of Bidens, Newfield, N. J., and on dead stems of
Aster, Texas (Ravenel).

The sporidia, when mature, are slightly enlarged at the upper end,
which is a little curved to one side and bear's a striking resemblance
to the head of a serpent. The paraphyses are abundant and a little
longer than the asci.

0. hamasporus, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. III, p. 117.

Perithecia scattered, globose, membranaceo-carbonaceous, \-\ mm.
diam., black, buried in the substance of the leaf, except the erumpent,
convex-flattened apex. Asci 70 x 8-10 p, narrowed above, but obtuse.
Paraphyses (?). Sporidia 8 in an ascus, filiform, multinucleate, yellow-
ish-hyaline, 30-35 xl| p, narrowed to a point below, and about one
third of the lower part bent almost to a right angle, or even curved
into a hook (i. e., after the sporidia have escaped from the asci). The
general aspect is that of Didymosphceria cupula, Ell., only the peri-
thecia are not collapsed. The ostiolum is indistinctly papilliform.

On fallen leaves of Quercus tinctoria (?), Manhattan, Ks., July,
1887 (W. T. Swingle).

The leaf is sometimes blackened around the perithecia, indicating
the presence of an imperfect stroma.

OPbacillatus, Cke.

Sphceria bacillata, Cke. Hndbk. No. 2636.
Ophioceras bacillatum, Sacc. Syll. 4111.
Ceratostomella bacillata, Cke. Syn. 3786.

This (sec. specc. in our Herb. det. by Cooke) belongs to the
Discomycetes. Asci 150 x 12 p. Sporidia filiform, about as long as

i

397

the asci and 1J-2/4 thick, multiseptate, soon separating into joints
3-4 (x long, {Stictis or Schizoxylon).

0. staphylinus, E. & E. 1. c.

Perithecia small, covered by the fibers of the wood through which
project the short, straight, roughish, black, rostellate ostiola. Asci
linear, 120-150 x 4 ti, accompanied by filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
8 in an ascus, filiform, yellowish, nucleolate, and about as long as the
asci.

On the same stems is a Sphceropsis with oblong, depressed peri-
thecia, and sporules 18-20 x 8-9 //; also other small perithecia partly
covered by the fibers of the wood, and containing numerous elliptical,
subfuscous, 3x2 /i sporules.

On decorticated stems of Staphylea trifolia, West Chester, Pa.

The specc. are scanty and poor, so that we can not verify the
original diagnosis, and the species must be considered doubtful. Pos-
sibly not distinct from O.fruticum, (Rab. & Desm.).

0. fiilgidus, (C. & P.)

Sphczria fulgida, C. & P. Peck's 29th Rep. p. 62.
Ophiobolus fulgidus, Sacc. Syll. 4054.
Raphidospora fulgida, Cke. Syn. 4569.
Exsiec. EH. N. A. F. 583.

Perithecia gregarious, sometimes disposed in lines, soon free, glo-
bose, black, smooth, shining, scarcely papillate, 250-270 /j. diam., at
length collapsed. Asci clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. 80-90x12 /i, par-
aphysate, stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia cylindrical, subattenuated at I
each end, nearly straight, yellowish-brown, multiseptate and often con- g
stricted at the septa, 75-80 x.4-5 p.

On dead stems of Ambrosia trijida, New York, New Jersey
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kansas.

Distinguished from O. anyuillides by its much coarser sporidia

0. claviger, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 46.

Perithecia globular, with a papillate ostiolum, gregarious or scat-
tered, erumpent, then free, J-l mm. diam., at first filled with minute
spermatia. Asci linear-clavate, 8-spored, 210 x 14 ti. Sporidia fili-
form, nucleate, pale brown, 20-25-septate, the upper third somewhat
swollen and constricted, 1 40 x 7 p..

On creeping stems of Audibertia humilis, California.

0. byssicola, Hark. 1. c.

Perithecia globose, with prominent ostiola, superficial, f-1 mm.

398

diam., nestling- in a dirty-brown subiculum. Asci cylindric-clavate,
tapering to a slender pedieel which terminates in a bulbous base, 170 x
16 /i, 8-spored. Sporidia pale brown, tapering, obtuse at the ends,
20-30-septate, constricted, the upper cell, and 1-3 other cells, at irreg-
ular intervals, enlarged and globular, 120-140x4-6 fx.

On decorticated branches of Sambucus glauca, California.

0. collapsus, Sacc. & Ell. Mich. II, p. 374.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 584.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the epidermis, then erumpent,
depressed-globose, \ mm. diam., collapsing to cup-shaped, becoming
black, not seated on any spots. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 80-
1 10 x 8-10 jui, 8-spored. Sporidia rod-shaped, slightly curved, nodulose-
thickened in the middle, 70 x 2 i±. 12-15-guttulate, hyaline.

On dead stems of Trifolium pratense, Newfield, N. J.

0. versisporus, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 99.

Exsicc. EH. & Ev rht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1961.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, covered by the cuticle, lentic-
ular, J-£ mm. diam., covered by the blackened epidermis which is
whitened just around the short, obtuse, barely erumpent ostiolum.
Asci 70-80x8-9 fi. Paraphyses? Sporidia filiform, curved, multi-
nucleate at first, but at length of a uniform pale yellow color, without
nuclei or septa, 60-70 x 2-2 i p..

On dead petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida (Martin).

Melanconium Sabal, Cke. is usually associated with this.

Species imperfectly- known.
0? glomus, (B. &€.)

Splicer ia glomus, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 152,
Ophiobolus? glomus, Sacc. Syll. 4055.
Raphidospor a glomus, Cke. Syn. 4570.

"Perithecia convex, perforated. Sporidia linear, sigmoid, 25-
50 /i long. Stylospores are produced within flat, dark specks seated
on forked threads, at first joined in pairs, so as to make an obovate
mass, then separating and still obovate, but narrow, 25 p long. On
Ambrosia, Alabama."

0. Solidaginis, (Fr.)?

Sphceria Solidaginis, Fr. Elench. II, p. 106. See also Grev. VI, p. 16.
Ophiobolus Solidaginis, Sacc. Syll. 4034, Cke. Syn. 4547.

Perithecia scattered, dcprc^ed-globose , 300 p diam., covered b\

399

the epidermis which is raised into pustules blackened and pierced by
the globose-papilliform, perforated ostiolum. Asci clavate-lanceolate,
substipitate, 75-90 x 7 //, paraphysate. Sporidia fasciculate, filiform,
multinucleate, curved when free, yellowish, 50-60 x 2 p.

On dead stems of Solidago, Louisiana (Langlois).

Whether this is really the Sphceria Solidaginis, Fr., we can not
say, but it agrees fairly well with the imperfect diagnosis in Elench.
1. c. There was not, however, any "white disk" observed, but this,
it is said, becomes brown ("demumfuscescens").

Sphceria (Dothided) Solidaginis, Schw., as shown by specc. in
Herb. Schw., is a foliicolous species and quite distinct from this.

FAMILY. MASSARIEJ!.

Stroma wanting. Perithecia mostly permanently covered by the
epidermis, very seldom erumpent, typically with only the small, papil-
liform ostiolum piercing the epidermis; texture firm-coriaceous. Asci
paraphysate. Sporidia hyaline or brown, 1- or more-septate.

MASSARIA, De Not.

Gioru. Bot. Ital. I, p. 333.

Perithecia immersed, coriaceous, sphasroid, with erampent, papil-
late ostiolum. Asci ample, mostly 8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate,
oblong, 1-pluriseptate, hyaline or brown, mostly large, and surrounded
by a gelatinous envelope.

Many of the species, especially those with 3-septate sporidia, are
with difficulty distinguished from each other, and it is not improbable
that a more careful and thorough examination will reduce some of
these to mere varieties.

M. Argus, (B. & Br.)

Sph<zria Argus, B. & Br. Not. of Brit. Fungi, No. 626.
Massaria Argus, Fres. Beitr. p. 59.
Massaria Niessleana, Rehin Asc. 645.
F,xsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 802.— Rab. F. E. 259, 3057.

Perithecia gregarious, permanently covered by the scarcely
raised epidermis, subdepressed-spherical, finally umbilicate, tolerably
hard, black, 600-800 p. diam., with a small, conical ostiolum, piercing
the epidermis in a punctiform manner. Asci cylindric-clavate, short-
stipitate, 8-spored, 200-220x38-44 p. Sporidia obscurely biseriate.
cylindrical or oblong-clavate, ends rounded, subattenuated below, un-
equally divided, the upper thicker half mostly 4- (sometimes 3-)celled.

400

the lower, "smaller half 3-celled, with a gelatinous envelope which 1$
constricted in the middle, brown, 50-74 x 14-20 fi.

On dead branches of birch trees, Portville, N. Y. (Peck).

Myxocyclus confluens, Riess is considered to be the pycnidial
(brni of this species.

M. inquinans, (Tode).

Sphceria inquinans, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 17.
Sphceria gigaspora, Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. I, 3065, id. Ed, II, 1765,
Massaria gigaspora, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 43.
Massaria Bulliardi, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 236.
Massaria inquinans, Fr. Summa, p. 369.
Exsicc. Fekl. F. Rh. 803.— Rab. F. E. 1237, 1526.— Thum. M. U. 1950.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1189.
Roum, F. G. 1387.— M. March. 1735. — Rehm. Asc. 989,

Perithecia thickly scattered, buried in the inner bark and pene-
trating to the wood, globose, 1-1 \ mm. diam., raising the epidermis
into distinct pustules, with the short-cylindrical ostiola erumpent.
Asci oblong-clavate, short-stipitate, 1 80-220 x 25-32 /i, with abundant
paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia inordinate or subbiseriate, oblong-
cylindrical, hyaline and uniseptate at first, and with a broad, hyaline
envelope, then brown and 3-septate, straight or only slightly curved,
70-90x15-20/;.

On Viburnum prunifoliutn and V. dentatum, Pennsylvania
(Michener), on dead maple limbs, Orono, Maine, and Lyndonville,
N. Y., on dead Crataegus, London, Canada, and on dead Pyrus arbu-
tifolia, Bethlehem, Pa. (Rau).

The perithecia often lie 2-3 close together and the bark is
whitened in a narrow stratum around them. Ambiguous forms occur
between this and M. vomitoria, which may with equal propriety be
referred to either species. From the absence of the circular, discoid
area around the ostiola, the American specc. might be referable to M,
gigaspora, Fckl., if that species is really distinct from M. inqui-
nans, which is very doubtful. Winter gives the measurements
of the sporidia as 80-103x21-23 [i, Sacc. 75-90x20-32 //. The
specc. in Renin's Asc. have the sporidia 60-70 x 15-18 p., and in Thum.
M. U. they are 75-80 x 18-20 //. The specc. of Sphceria gigaspora,
in Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 2065, have the sporidia 75-80x18-20 /i,

M. vomitoria, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 155. (Plate 29)

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 97.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. I954.

Perithecia scattered, or 2-3 lying close together, coriaceous, thick-
walled, 1 mm. and over diam., buried in the bark which is scarce!}'
raised above them, but merely pierced by the inconspicuous, scarcely
projecting ostiolum, Asci broad clavate-fusoid, 150-200x25 fi, 8-

401

spored. Sporidia oblong-cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, hya-
line at first, then brown and 3-septate, 55-70 x 10-15 /x, (mostly 55-
65xl2«).

On Acer, Pobinia, Fraxinus, Amelanchier, and Pyrus Mains
from New England and Canada to Carolina.

In the typical form on Acer rubrum, the perithecia scarcely raise
the epidermis at all, but in the speec. on Amelanchier and Pyrus
Mains (31. Pyri, Otth)? the epidermis is more or less pustuliform-
elevated. All the forms here included in M. vomitoria certainly are
very closely allied to M. inquinans, (Tode), and might with good
reason be considered as mere varieties, or forms of that species.

M. conspurcata, (Wallr.)

Sphcsria conspurcata, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II, p. 782.
Massaria conspurcata, Sacc. Syll. 2888, Cke. Syn. 4043.
Fxsicc. Rehin Asc. 882.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2613.

Perithecia scattered or 2-3 together, buried in the inner bark,
depressed-globose, about 1 mm. diam., slightly raising and rupturing
the epidermis. Asci elongated, clavate-cylindrical, short-stipitate.
paraphysate, 150-200 x 20-22 ft, Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-cylin-
drical, slightly "curved or straight, 3-septate, scarcely constricted, .hya-
line, becoming brown, 40-60 x 10-12 /i.

On dead limbs of wild plum, London, Canada (Dearness).

The specc. in Rehm's Asc. have the asci a little broader and the
sporidia 60-70 x 12-14 ju} but do not differ otherwise from these. M
vomitoria, B. & C, scarcely differs from this except in having the
epidermis less distinctly pustuliform-elevated, and the ostiola smaller
and less prominent.

M. distincta, (Schw.)

Sphcsria distincta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1634.
Massaria distincta, Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 92.

Scattered, covered by the thin epidermis, rather large, buried
in the whitened substance of the inner bark. Perithecia black, orbic-
ular, depressed, glabrous, persistent in the bark when the epidermis
is peeled off, with a large, round opening above. Ostiola perforating
the epidermis, short-cylindrical, not prominent, umbilicate.

Under the epidermis of Sambucus pubens, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schweinitz).

Sporidia (sec. Cke. in Grev. 1. c), biseriate, 5-septate, brown. 70-
80 x 16-18 /i, constricted in the middle and surrounded at first by a
hyaline envelope.
51

402

M. olivaceo-hirta, (Schvv.)

Sphceria olivaceo-hirta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1656.
Massaria olivaceo-hirta, Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 92.

Perithecia scattered, rather large, with the thick, cylindrical, per*
forated, persistent ostiola penetrating the epidermis; when this is
peeled off, the large, flattened perithecia are disclosed, clothed with an
olivaceous, hairy coat, and tinging the bark in which they are buried
with an olive-black color.

Under the epidermis of the larger branches of Morus alba, Beth-
lehem, Pa.

Sporidia (sec. Cke. Grev. 1. c.) biseriate, lanceolate, 3-5-septate,
brown, 50-60 x 12-16 //, constricted in the middle, at first ocellate-
nucleate.

M. epileiica, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 156.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the epidermis, globose-depressed,
| mm. diam., dark villose, papillate, then with a large, round opening
above. Ascigerous nucleus black. Asci clavate, 130x30 //, with a
short, thick stipe, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
3-5-septate, straight or slightly curved, 65-70 x 18-20 fi, slightly con-
stricted at the septa, surrounded by a gelatinous layer, the inner cells
dark brown, and sometimes with a large nucleus, the terminal cells
much smaller, paler and subapiculate.

On decaying branches of Morus alba, Pennsylvania and New
Jersey.

M. piilchra, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 44.

Perithecia scattered, covered, 1-1 J mm. diam., contents white.
Asci broadly clavate, 126x36 p., 8-spored. Sporidia fusiform-navic-
ular, of two irregular, unequal cones united by their bases, and sur-
rounded by a gelatinous stratum, at first uniseptate and hyaline, slow-
ly becoming brown and unequally 3-5-septate, 58-60 x 20-22 jut.

On dead branches of Umbellularia Califomica, California.

M. semitecta, (B. & C.)

Sphceria semitecta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 147.
Massaria semitecta, Sacc. Syll. 2872, Cke. Syn. 4021.

Perithecia half covered, subprominent, surrounded by the annular-
ruptured epidermis. Sporidia clavate, triseptate, slightly constricted,
35 fj. long, clothed at first with a thick, gelatinous coat.

On Platanus, Virginian Mountains (Berk in Grev.).

403

M. Mini, Fckl. Symb. p. 153.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2008.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2611.— Thum. M. U. 1852.

Pei'ithecia gregarious, nestling in the inner bark, covered by the
slightly blackened epidermis which is raised into slight pustules and
pierced by the papilliform ostiola, about 1 mm. diam., depressed-spher-
ical, coriaceous. Asci oblong, 8-spored, 250-300x30-35 /jl, with abun-
dant paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, broad cylindric-fusoid, 3-septate,
strongly constricted in the middle, brown, 50-70 x 15-20 p, each cell
with a large nucleus.

On bark of elm, London, Canada.

Differs from M. inquinans, in its smaller sporidia.

M. Dryadis, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 560.

Perithecia scattered, sphasroid-depressed, black. Ostiola snow-
white. Asci thick-cylindrical, 90-115x32-38 /i, very short sti pi tate,
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, 3-septate, constricted at the
septa, especially at the middle one, hyaline, surrounded by a rather
broad, hyaline stratum. No measurements of sporidia given.

On the upper surface of dead leaves of Dryas octopetala, West-
ern Greenland.

M. Platani, Ces. in Rab. F. Eur. 323 (1842), and Comm. Soc. Grit.
I, p. 217.

Massaria atroinquinans, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 156 (1876). ' ^
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 669.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d. Ser. Cent. XXVIII.

Perithecia gregarious, often in subcircinate groups of 4-8, lying
between the loosened laminae of the bark, depressed-globose, J-| mm.
diam., finally collapsing beneath, the sporidia oozing out and staining
the surface of the bark as in Melanconium. Asci broad clavate-cylin-
drical, 150-190x25-35 //, subsessile, paraphysate. Sporidia irregu-
larly biseriate, oblong-elliptical, olive-brown, 3-6- (mostly 3-5-) septate,
slightly constricted at the septa, with a gelatinous envelope at first,
finally opake so that the septa can with difficulty be seen, 35-55 x 14
-20//.

In bark of Platanus, Carolina (Ravenel), Canada (Dearness).

The perithecia are entirely concealed, their presence being indi-
cated only by slight, pustuliform elevations in the bark. The 3-sep-
tate sporidia are shorter and broader and scarcely constricted at the
septa and are not usually mixed with the longer, narrower, mostly
5-septate sporidia in other asci in the same perithecium. The Canada
specc. do not differ essentially from those in our Herb, sent from Car-

404

olina by Dr. Ravenel. We have not seen the pycnidial stage [Hen-
dersonia Desmazieri),

M. atroinquinans is given as a synonym of M. Platani, on the
authority of Berlese who has figured this species in his Icones (tab.
XIV, fig. 2).

M. plumigera, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered, depressed-globose, about J mm. diatti.,
slightly raising the epidermis which is pierced by the subprominent.
short-conical or short-cylindrical ostiolum. Asci oblong-clavate, short-
stipitate. 130-150x22-25 p, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia inor-
dinate, oblong-cylindrical, hyaline, 3-septate, 55-60 x 12 /jl.

On dead limbs of Viburnum lentago, Newfield, N. J.

The sporidia exude from the ostiola in little white, brush-like
cirrhi. This is different from M. Corni (Fr. & Mont.), Sacc. Syll.
2859, which has brown sporidia 75-90 x 20-25 a. It is not probable
that the sporidia in M. plumigera ever become brown as they are per-
fectly hyaline when they issue from the ostiolum.

M. cleistotheca, Hark. 1. c.

Perithecia minute, covered. Asci pyriform or obovate, 8-spored,
thick-walled, without any stipe or point of attachment, 48 x 30 ti.
Paraphyses agglutinate. Sporidia hyaline, of two opposed, rather long,
equal cones, occasionally each of these divided so as to make the spo-
ridiiim 3-septate, surrounded by a gelatinous stratum, 32-40 x 8-10 /i.

On dead stems of Dendromecon rigidum, California. Appar-
ently an anomalous species. We have seen no specimens.

M. gigaspora, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. II, p. 28.

Perithecia subcuticular, raising the epidermis into pustules, scat-
tered or 2-3 together, rather large, globose, black, with a dirty-col-
ored nucleus. Ostiolum very minute, papilliform, in a small, black
disc. Asci saccate, sessile, 8-spored, 272 x 68 tx. Sporidia generally
4 in the upper part, and 4 in the lower part of the ascus, conglobate
or uniseriate, very large (96 x 28 //), oblong-ovate, obtuse at the ends,
slightly curved, 3-septate, not constricted, cells uninucleate, with a
narrow, hyaline margin, pale umber; paraphyses filiform, shorter than
the asci.

On branches of Viburnum Lentago, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

Peck gives the sporidia as 75 ti long, 4-celled, the two middle
cells shorter than the terminal ones. We have not seen the speci-
mens, and take the diagnosis above from Fckl. 1. c. There may be
some doubt whether the New York specc. are the genuine M. gigas-

405

pora. Winter (Die Pilze, II, p. 547) is of the opinion that M. gigas-
pora, Fckl., is only an immature state of M. inqui?ians, (Tode).

M. Gerardi, Cke. (pro tern.) Grev, VIII, p. 118.

Sporidia very large, 90-120x30 //, brown, 3-5-septate.
On bark, New York State (Gerard). Specimen too imperfect for
a full description.

^l * lft~f*£*' MASSARIELLA, Speg.

Fungi Arg. Pug. I, p. 2.

Perithecia and asci as in Massaria. Sporidia uniseptate, brown,

surrounded by a hyaline stratum.

M. bufonia, (B. & Br.) (Plate 30)

Sphczria bufonia, B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist. No. 629, tab. 10, fig. 13.
Massaria bufonia, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 237.
Massai iella bufonia, Speg. F. Arg. Pug. I, p. 2.
Massaria atrogrisea, C & P. Grev. XVII, p. 92.
Didymosphceria atrogrisea, C & P. Cke. Syn. 4264.
Kxsiec. EU. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 3612.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, globose, | mm. diam., cori-
aceous, raising the epidermis into pustules which are blackened and
pierced by the papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 150x12-15 if.,
paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate and
constricted, hyaline at first with a gelatinous border, becoming dark
brown, 15-20 x 8-10 p.

On outer 'bark of living Quercus alba, New York, New Jersey.
New England and Canada.

The asci and sporidia in the American specc. {M. atrogrisea,
C. & P.) are constantly smaller than in the European specc, which
have asci 150-200 x 15-20 /*, sporidia 25-30x12-15 p, but there is
no other difference.

M. Curreyi, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 231.

Sphceria Tilicz, Curr. Linn. Trans. XXII, tab. 59, fig. 104.
Massariella Curreyi, Sacc. Syll. 2709.

Perithecia scattered, covered, \-\ mm. diam., black, globulose.
the papilliform ostiolum scarcely perforating the epidermis. Asci
broad-clavate, 80-90x25 ju, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia aubbi-
seriate, obclavate, uniseptate-constricted, dark brown, upper cell
thicker, 35 x 12-14 p, with a gelatinous border.

What appears to be this species has been found on Tilia, at West
Chester, Pa,, but the specc. are too imperfectly developed to be decided
with certaintv.

406

M. seriata, (Cke.)

Massaria {Massariella) seriata, Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 92.
Massariella seriata, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 739. No. 3025.

Peritliecia subdepressed, rather large, seriately arranged, cov-
ered by the epidermis which is finally fissured. Asci clavate. Spo-
ridia elliptical, 60x18-20 //, uniseptate, constricted in the middle,
brown, cells equal, with a thick, hyaline epispore.

On branches of Gary a, South Carolina (Ravenel).

M. bispora, (Curtis).

Massaria {Massariella) bispora, Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 93.
Massariella bispora, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 740, No. 3027.

Peritliecia corticolous, subglobose-depressed, covered, subscat-
tered. Ostiola perforating the epidermis which is blackened by the
sporidia. Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate, brown, 45 x
18-20 fi, cells equal, constricted in the middle, with a hyaline envelope.

On bark of Acer (Dr. Curtis).

M. scoriadea, (Fr.)

Sphczria scoriadea, Fr. EL II, p. 87.

Anthostoma scoriadeum , Sacc. Syll. 1127.

Massaria {Massariella) scoriadea, (Fr.) Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 93.

Massariella scoriadea, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 739.

Innate. Stroma widely effused, black, entirely hidden under the
epidermis, surrounding the branches and penetrating the inner bark.
Perithecia of a horn-like consistence, hemispheric-subprominent, shin-
ing, perforated, white inside, crowded but not confluent. Sporidia
(sec. Cke. 1. c.) elliptical, uniseptate, 70 x 23 /i, the upper cell rather
larger, constricted in the middle, with a thick, hyaline epispore.

On bark of Betula lenta, Pennsylvania, Arctic America (Drum-
mond).

PLEOMASSARIA, Speg.

Fungi Argentini, Pug. ist.

Perithecia as in Massaria. Sporidia more or less distinctly muri-
form.

PL rhodostoma, (A. & S.) (Plate 30)

Sphezria rhodostoma, Alb. & Schw. Consp. p. 43.
Hercospora rhodostoma, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 397.
Massaria rhodostoma, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 238, tab. XXV, figs. 1-4.
Karstenula rhodostoma, Sacc. Syll. 3711.
Pleomassaria rhodostoma, Winter, Die Pilze, 3842.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 801.— Rab. F. E. 3058.— Rehm. Asc. 236.— Thum. M. U. 862— Krieger
F. Sax. 78.

407

Perithecia mostly thickly scattered, gregarious, or occasionally
standing singly, permanently covered by the slightly raised epidermis,
depressed-globose, mostly concentrically furrowed or zoned, and urn-
bilicate, the apex reddish, perforated and slightly erumpent. Ostiolum
tolerably large, black, surrounded by a black, crustaceous mass. Asci
cylindrical, attenuate-stipitate below, obtuse above, 8-spored, par-
aphysate, 150-170x10-12 [i. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, slightly
attenuated and rounded at the ends, mostly 3-septate, constricted at
the septa, brown, generally with one or two of the inner cells divided
by a longitudinal septum, 18-27 x 7-9 /i.

On Rhamniisfranyula, in Sweden, Germany, England and Italy.

We find no record of this species having been met with in this
country, and when the drawing on plate 30 was made, we were not
aware that any species of Pleomassaria had been found here, but had
the sporidium (from specc. in Krieger's Fungi Saxonici) figured to
illustrate that genus. Since then, PL siparia and PL Carpini have
been found in Iowa and New York, and the diagnosis of PL rhodos-
toma has been added in anticipation of that species also being yet
found in America. The genus JTarstenvla, Sacc, distinguished from
Pleomassaria only by the absence of any gelatinous envelope around
the sporidia, can hardly be worthy of generic distinction.

PL siparia, (B. & Br.)

Sphceria siparia, B. & Br. Not. Brit. Fungi No. 625.
Massaria siparia, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 43.
Pleomassaria siparia, Sacc. Syll. 3708.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 201 1, Rab. F. F. 260.

Perithecia scattered or oftener crowded and subconnate, attached
to the inner bark and covered by the pustuliform-elevated epidermis,
depressed-spherical, |-J mm. diam. (exceptionally 1 mm.), black, the
minute ostiolum piercing the epidermis, finally umbilicate. Asci cla-
vate, very large, attenuate-stipitate, (190-210x38-44 /jl Winter).
8-spored, paraphyses very long and filiform. Sporidia elliptic-oblong,
gradually and only slightly narrowed towards each end, obtuse, 7-8-
septate and constricted at the septa, the middle cells divided by a
longitudinal septum, golden-brown, 56-65x15-17 //, with a gelatin-
ous envelope.

On birch, Decorah, Iowa (Holway).

The Iowa specc. were immature, the sporidia being still hyaline.
35-85 x 5 6 /j. (mostly 40-60 x b-% //), vermiform-cylindrical, 5-6-nu-
cleate and granular.

PL Carpini, (Fckl.)

Massaria Carpini, Fckl. Symb. p. 153, tab. VI, fig. 35.
Pleomassaria Carpini, Sacc. Syll. 3710.
Fxsicc. M. March. 1928. — Krieg. F. Sax. 234.

408

Perithecia scattered, subcuticular, slightly rupturing but scarcely
raising the epidermis, flattened, seated on the surface of the inner bark,
broadly perforated above, brownish-black, |-| mm. diam. Asci ven-
tricose-clavate, 150x25-30 /jl (p. sp. 110-120 //), paraphysate. Spo-
I'idia biseriate, clavate-oblong, 3-5-septate and murifbrm, nearly hya-
line and with a hyaline envelope and uniseptate at first, becoming
yellowish-brown, 30-40 x 12-15 ft.

On Carpinus Americana, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

At the main septum, which appears first, the sporidia are distinct-
ly constricted. The upper and larger cell soon acquires two addi-
tional septa and the lower cell one. Most of the cells are divided by
one or two longitudinal septa so that the sporidia appear to be filled
with large nuclei. The asci and sporidia in the New York specc. are
smaller than the measurements given by Dr. Winter (170-220 x 35-
42 //, and 45-65 x 17-21 //). Fckl. gives 208 x 36 /;, and 48 x 16 f±
for asci and sporidia respectively.

MASSARIOVALSA, Sacc.

Mich. II, p. 569.

Perithecia buried in the surface of the inner bark, circinate. Asci
and sporidia as in Massariella.

M. siidans, (B. & C.) (Plate 30)

Massaria sudans, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 156.
Massariovalsa, sudans, Sacc. Syll. Add. vol. II, p. LV.
Massariella sudans, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 717.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1 190.

Perithecia circinate, sunk in the surface of the inner bark, ovate-
globose, \ mm. diam., 4-8 together, their slender ostiola converging
and united in a black, convex, erumpent disk. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical, 180-200x20-25 /;., stipitate, obtuse, 8-spored, paraphysate.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate and constricted, olive-
brown, 30-40 x 15-16 [i. with a thick, hyaline envelope.

On dead branches of Acer, Garya and Quercus, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania.

M. caudata, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma cortical, 1-1} mm. diam. Perithecia circinate, 6-10 in a
pustule, about J mm. diam., buried in the bark, covered by the epi-
dermis which is raised into a flat pustule ruptured in the center by the
compact cluster of black, subpapilliform ostiola. Asci varying from
clavate, 75-80 x 25-35 ft, to obovate, 80-100 x 40-60 ft, narrowed be-

40!)

low into an acute base, rounded and obtuse above, obscurely par-
aphysate, 4-8-spored. Sporidia inordinate, clavate-oblong or simply
oblong, slightly curved and subinequilateral, 25-50x18-22 u, 2-3-
(mostly 2-) septate, hyaline at first, then olive-brown, ends obtuse, each
with a cylindrical, hyaline, straight or curved, subpersistent appendage
1 2-20 x 5-6 ji. The perithecia do not penetrate so as to be visible on
the inner surface of the bark.

On bark of dead Platanus, London. Canada (I)eamess).

FAMILY. CLYPEOSPH^RIE^l

Perithecia buried, without any proper stroma, but covered by a
blackened, shield-like layer, which is sometimes sharply limited, and
sometimes with an indefinite outline, and consists of the slightly altered
and more or less blackened outer layer of the bark, leaf, or wood. This
dark layer is sometimes also found under the perithecia as Well as over
them, or even enveloping them on all sides. Asci cylindrical or clav-
ate-cylindrical, 8 spored, mostly paraphysate. Sporidia variable,
oblong or filiform, hyaline or brown, continuous or 1-3-septate,

CLYPEOSPHJMA, Fckh

Symb. p. 117.

Perithecia scattered, rarely confluent, covered by the epidermis,
^ubmembranaceous, covered above by a thin, epidermal, stromatie
>shield. Ostiolum erumpent, papilliform, short. Asci elongated, 8-spored,
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong or oblong-cylindrical, triseptate, obtuse,
often curved, brown,

CI. sanguinea, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious on red, indefinite spots, minute (100 p.).
buried in the red-stained surface of the wood, the minute, erumpent
ostiolum barely visible. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 40-50 x 7-8 /*, par-
aphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, oblong-fusoid.
3-septate and constricted at the middle septum, 12-1-5 x3|-4j n: pale
brown, finally dark brown,

On exposed, weather-beaten wood of deciduous trees. Pennsyl-
vania (Eckfeldt), Kansas (Cragin).

The stromatie shield is very obscure, so that this might perhajx*
go in Leptosphceria,
52

410

CI. mamillana, (Fr.)

SphcEria mamillana, Fr. S. M. II, p. 487.

(Clypeosphczria mamillana, Lambotte, Fl. Myc. Betg\ II, p. 247)?
Clypeosphczria limitatar Fckl. Symb. p. 117.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 915.

Perithecia gregarious, partly sunk in the matrix, globose, with a
flat base, 400-450 fi diam., with an obtusely conical ostiolum erum-
pent through the black, epidermal shield, and surrounded with a
whitish zone. Asci narrow-cylindrical, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 150-
160x8-9 /i. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-lanceolate, subattenuated
and rounded at the ends, subinequilateral, 3-septate, brown 19-24x
5-6 fi.

On branches of Celastrus, Bethlehem. Pa., (Schw.). Diagnosis
from Winter's Pilze.

CI. imperfecta, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, globose, | mm. diam., covered by the epi-
dermis which is raised into strong pustules blackened and pierced
by the erumpent, papilliform ostiolum. Asci broad clavate-cylindrical.
80-100 x 20 fi. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, 3-septate, brown, 20-30
x 10-12 /i, subinequilateral, slightly constricted at the septa.

On bark of living birch, Syracuse, N. Y. (Underwood).

This has the aspect of a lichen (Pyrenula) but seems really more
closely allied to Clypeosphceria mamillana (Fr.).

CI. aliquanta, (C. & E.)

Sphczria aliquanta, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 94.
Clypeosphczria f aliquanta, Sacc. Syll. 3198.
Heptameria aliquanta, Cke. Syti. 49S4.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the blackened epidermis, 200 u
diam., or less. Asci oblong-clavate, p. sp. 65-70 x 12-15 «, paraphy-
satc. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong-fusoid, slightly curved, hya-
line and uniseptate, becoming yellowish-hyaline, 3-septate and slightly
ronstricted at the septa, 20-25 x8-10 ju including the broad, hyaline
envelope, the body of the sporidium being mostly only 18-20 x 6-7 ft.

On dead stems of Smilax, Newfield, N. J.

Cooke makes the sporidia 30-35 x 10 /a, but we do not find them
as huge as that, nor do they ever appear to become brown, only yel-
lowish-hyaline.

CI. Hendersonia, (Ell.)

Sphczria Hendersonia, Ell. Grev. VI, p. 14. tab. 95, fig; S.
I^eptosphczria Hendersonia, Cke. Syn. 431 1.
Clypeosphczria Hendersonia, Sacc. Syll. 3194.
Sphczria melantera, Pk. 29th Rep. p. 62.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 581.

411

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the blackened cuticle which is
slightly raised, but not fissured. Asci cylindrical, 75 x 5 ft. Sporidia
uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, brown, 3-septate, 12-16 x 4— 4 J // (18 x 4 fi
Cke.)

On dead canes of black and red raspberry, and on dead limbs of
Sassafras, Newfield, N. J.

LINOSPORA, Fckk

Symbv p. 123^

Perithecia appearing late in the season, buried in the shield-
shaped, black, phyllogenous pseudostroma (which is sometimes want-
ing), generally solitary, beak subprominent, black, more or less elon-
gated. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia filiform, lying parallel
in the asci, hyaline or yellowish-hyaline.

L. conflicta, (Cke>)

Sphceria conflicta, Cke. Gfetf. VII, p. 13,
Linospor a conflicta, Sacc. SylL. 4095, Cke. Syti. 5842.
^xsice. Rab. F. K. 3759.

Spots amphigenous, pale reddish*brown, definitely limited by a
narrow, darker border, suborbicular, 2-4 mm. diarn., or often larger
(1-2 cm.), with an irregular, subsinuous outline. Perithecia buried in
the parenchyma of the leaf, globose, about 160 a diarn., with a papilli-
lorm ostiolum,the apex slightly erumpent and rupturing the epidermis
in an operculoid manner, Asci oblong-cylindrical, sessile. 8-spored,
aparaphysate, 75—85 x 12 /*. Sporidia subfascieulate. lour above and
four below, clavate-cylindrical, 40-45 x2|-3 /x, (60 //. long. Cke.).
3-6-septate, yellowish-hyaline.

On leaves of Quercus densiflom, Tamalpais. California (Hark
i less).

The description is drawn from specc. sent by \)\\ Harkn< —

L. f'erruginea, E. & M. Aim Nat Dec. 1884, p. 69,

Spots light yellowish-brown, border darker, narrow and slightly
raised, l|-2 mm. diam. Perithecia blacks subglobose, 150 ft diani..
immersed and covered by the blackened cuticle which is perforated
by the scarcely prominent ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 75-80x7 /i.
sessile or nearly so. with abundant filiform paraphyses, 8-spored.
Sporidia vermiform, yellowish, faintly nucleate, acute at each end,
35-45 x 1 \ fi.

On leaves of And romedafer rug 'men. Florida (Dr. Martin).

41 '1

The perithelia are solitary, one in the center of cadi spot, but
the spots are often sterile.

L leucospila, (B. & C.)

SphcBria leucospila, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 153.
Linospora leucospila, Sacc. Syll. 4101, Cke. Syn. 5848.

"On narrow pallid spots parallel with the nerves on the undel'
/u\i> of the leaf. Asci linear. Sporidia filiform.'7
On leaves of Platanus, South Carolina.
We have seen no specimens.

L. Palmetto, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 45. (Plate 31)

Perithecia globose, about \ mm. diam., immersed, witli the pap-
illose ostiolum erumpent and included in a superficial, depressed-conic,
cap-like stroma nearly as broad as the perithecia, and around which
the epidermis of the leaf is blackened, as is also the parenchyma of the
leaf around the perithecia. Asci lanceolate, 75-80 x 8-10 /i, with
abundant paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an ascusr linear, fusoid, yellow-
ish, nucleate, acute, 40-50 x 2-2 \ /;. The perithecia are mostly in sub-
elongated spots of a paler color than the surrounding part of the leaf.

On dead places in living leaves of Sabal Palmetto, Point a la
ffaehe, La., (Langlois).

ISOTHEA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 421.

Perithecia covered by a phyllogenous, maculiform pseudostroma.
Asci oblong. Sporidia clathrate-septate (muriform).

I. Nyssse, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 157.

"Shining, penetrating the leaf, seated on a little brown spot not
much wider. Asci oblong. Sporidia shortly fusiform, not three times
longer than broad, at length fenestrate."

On leaves of JVyssa aquatica. (Carolina) ?

HYPOSPILA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 421.

Perithecia immersed in the parenchyma of the leaf, very delicate,
covered above by a black, phyllogenous, stromatic shield, beak
(ostiolum) lateral, at length barely perforating the epidermis and
appearing as a black speck. Asci fusoid-clavate, 8-spored, apar-
aphysate. Sporidia biseriate, 1- finally 3-septate, hyaline. Minute

413

fungi covered by the epidermis which is tinged with a dark red color,

and swollen or inflated.

H. Grroenlandica, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 561.

Perithecia immersed in the parenchyma of the leaf, covered by
the epidermis which is bul late-inflated on both sides, gregarious, with
a lateral, black, cylindrical beak. Asci exactly fusiform, 8-spored,
95-115x10-12//. Sporidia narrow-fusiform, straight, multinucleate.
2-septate, 48-52 x 4-5 pu

On fallen leaves of Salix glaum, Sukkertoppen and Sermersut,
Greenland.

Sporidia about three times as long as in H. pustula.

H. pustula, (Pers.) (Plate SI)

Sphceria pustula, Pers. Syn. p. 91.
Phoma pustula, Fr. S. M. II, p. 547.

Sphceria pleur oner via, De Not. Micr. Ital. Dec. IX, No. 9.
Isothea pustula, Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. p. 392.
Sphceria oleipara, Sollm. Hedw. V, p. 65.
Gnomonia pustula* Awd. Mycol. Kur. Pyr. p. 21. tab. VIII.
Hypospila pustula, Karst. Mycol. Fenn. II, p. 127.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 842.— Kze. F. Sel. 106.— Rab. F. F. 1452.— Thum. F. Austr. 472.
L,inht. F. Hung. 467. — Kriegr. F. Sax. 285. — Roura. F. G. 4945. — Rehm. A.sc. 793.

Perithecia sunk in the parenchyma of the leaf, covered by the
epidermis which is bulla te-inflated on both sides, and is of a dark red-
dish tint below, scattered or gregarious, often following the course of
the nerves of the leaf, 200-300 fi diam., sometimes 2-3 confluent,
depressed-globose, with a short, lateral, tardily erumpent, beak-like
ostiolum. Asci ciavate, attenuate-stipitate, thickened above, 70 x 8-
10 fi (75-100 x 7-10 p, Sacc.). Sporidia 8 in an ascus, biseriate, ob-
long-fusoid, rounded at the ends, straight or subinequilateral, becom-
ing 3-septate, but not constricted at the septa, 17-23 x4//.

On fallen oak leaves. Credited to America by Saccardo, in Syl-
loge.

We have seen no American specimens. The figs. 12-15, on Plate
31, are from the specc. in Linhart's Fungi Hungarici. The synonymy
and diagnosis are taken from Winter's Pilze. The young sporidia
have (sec. Winter) a button-shaped appendage at the ends.

TRABIJTIA, Sacc. & Roum.

Revue Mycol. i88r, p. 27, tab. XIV, fig. 2.

Stroma phyllogenous, black, radiose-asteromatoid, flattened. Peri-
thecia adnate with the stroma, separate, protuberant, with the ostiola
perforated. Asci 8-spored, obsoletely paraphysate, evanescent. Spo-

414

ridia ovoid-oblong, continuous, subhyaline. The genus has the habit
of Phyllachora or Rhytisma.

T. quercina, (Fr. & Rud.) (Plate 31)

Rhytisma quercinum , Fr. & Rud. in L,inn. Trans. 1830, p. 551.
Asteroma parmelioides, Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. I, 1737.
Rhytisma riccioides, Letellier Champ. V, tab. 629, fig. 4.
Sphceropsis riccioides, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Ser. torn. p. 257.
Trabutia quercina, Sacc. & Roum. 1. c.
Fxsicc. Thum. M. U. 2271.— KI1. N. A, F. 1288.

Perithecia hemispherical, subcarbonaceous, shining-black, with a
minute, round, perforated ostiolum, finally collapsing and umbilicate or
subplicate, but never opening as in Rhytisma. Asci cylindru>clavate,
100-1 10 x 18-21 ft, paraphysate, membrane entire at the apex, short-
stipitate, soon disappearing. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-navicular, ends
subobtuse, 28-30 x 8-10 /i.

On leaves of Quercus laurifolia and Q. virens. Florida and
Mississippi.

T. tosta, (B. & C.)

Rhytisma tostum, B. & C, CJrev. IV, p. g.
Trabutia tosta, Cke. Sytt. 1372,

"Seated on yellow spots, thin, gyrose. only here and there pro-
ducing fruit-bearing perithecia which soon shell off. Undoubtedly
distinct, but the specimens are imperfect.'"

On leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Alabama,

T. erythrospora, (B. & C.)

Rhytisma erythrosporunt, B. & C. Proc. Am. Acad. IV, p. 12S. and GreV. IV, p. 9,
Trabutia erythrospora, Cke. Syn. 1371.

"Minute, opening with two or three laeiiiiae. Asci swollen. Spo*
ridia subfusiform, salmon-colored, apiculate at each end, 33 ti long.
On leaves of Quercus virens, California.
The manner of dehiscence indicates Rhytisma.

THYRIDIUM, Sacc,

Mieh. It p. 50.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, immersed in the more or lesg
altered substance of the wood or bark, and covered above by a prom-
inent, black, stromatic shield, Ostiola papilliform, Sporidia.subellip-
tical, brown or hyaline, muriform.

Th. lividum, (Pers.)

Spharia livida, Pers, Syn. p. 80,
Teichospoia livida, Karst. Myc. Fenu. II, p. 68,
(Fenestella) ? livida, Winter Die Pilze No. 4251.
ThyridiuMV lividum, Sacc. Syll. 3991, Cke. Syn. 3981.

415

Perithecia scattered, enclosed in a rather large, woody, elliptical,
gray or blackish, nearly superficial tubercle, nmbilicate-perforated
above, coriaceous, thick-walled, ovoid or subsphadroid, rather less than
1 mm. diam. Asci cylindrical, subsessile, 100-110x12 /j>, 8-spored,
paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, yellowish or greenish-
brown, 3-5-septate, with a more or less perfect longitudinal septum.
14-20 x 8-9 fi.

On decorticated wood of Thuja, Vermont (Pringle), on Junip-
erus Virginianus, Iowa (Holway), on Rhus, Carolina and Pennsyl-
vania (Schweinitz), on bleached wood, Texas (Wright), on wood,
Mountains of New York (sporidia 25 fi long. Berk, in Grev. IV, ]*.
146).

Th. antiquum, (E. & E.)

Sphceria {Thyridium) antiqua, E. & H. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 90.
Thyridium antiquum, Sacc. Syll. 7123, Cke. Syn. 3987.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, about \ mm. diam., buried in the
substance of the bark, which is blackened above them, and raised into
little pustules. Ostiola papilliform, at length perforated. Asci cylin-
drical, 75-80 x 10 fi. Paraphyses filiform, abundant. Sporidia uni-
seriate, oblong-elliptical, at length 3-septate, and submurifbrm, 17-
19 x 7 /i, brown.

On the inner surface of loose, hanging bark of grape vines. New-
field, N. J.

Sometimes as in T. Garryce, 2-3 perithecia are covered by the
same shield which may be entirely shaved away without cutting the
subjacent perithecia. N

Th. Garryse, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria {Thyridium) Garryce, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 20.
Thyridium Garryce, Sacc. Syll. 7122, Cke. Syn. 3985.

Gregarious or scattered. Perithecia immersed, subglobose, black,
I mm. diam., covered above by the black, prominent, convex stromatic
shield which is perforated by the tube of the papilliform ostiolum.
Asci cylindrical, 4-8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, 7-septatv and muri-
form, hyaline, becoming yellow-brown, 40-45x15-18 a. Epispore
thick, hyaline.

On bleached, decorticated twigs of Garry a, California (Harknrss .

Our specc. of this species from Harkness are old and without
fruit. The general appearance is the same as that of Th. antiquum.
Occasionally two perithecia are covered by the same shield.

Sphceria ambleia, C. & E. Grew VII. p. la.
Thyridium ambleium, Sacc. Syll. 3993, Cke. Syn. 3981

416

Th. ambleium, ((). & E.)

Sphceria ambleia, C. &
Thyridium ambleitim, i

Perithecia scattered, black, subprominent, covered. Asci clavate*
cylindrical. Sporidia broad-lanceolate or acutely elliptical, constricted
in the middle, about 5-septate, yellow-brown, 1 5-20 x 8-10 ii (25 x 10 //.,
Cke.).

On dead limbs of Carya and Azalea, Newfield, N. J,
The specc. of this species are poor and unsatisfactory.

Th. personatum, (Cke. & Hark.)

Sphceria personata, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 20.
Thyridium personatum, Sacc. Syll. 7124, Cke. Syn. 3986,

Lignieolous. Perithecia scattered, included in an elliptical, ele-
vated, gray or black tubercle pierced by the short, inconspicuous
ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical,
constricted in the middle, 3-septate, with 1-2 longitudinal septa, bright
brown, 18-20x10/.*.

On decorticated Acacia, California (Harkness).

We have seen no specc. of Th. personatum, Cke. & Hark., but:
the description agrees in all respects with that of Th. lividum.

Th. Canadense, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, on the more or less bleached
surface of the wood, minute (J mm. or less), covered by a thin, oblong
or lanceolate, black shield 1-1 \ mm. long and pierced in the center
by the papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, subsessile, paraphysate.
100-120 x 12-15 ti. Sporidia uniseriate, obovate-oblong, 5-7-septato
and muriform, hyaline, 20-27 x 10-13 /i.

On old (spruce)? logs, Lake Nipigon, Ontario, Canada (Macoun).

Outwardly this much resembles Th. lividum, but the shield is
thinner. Perithecia much smaller, sporidia. larger and hyaline.

Th. cingulatum, (Mont.)

Sphceria cingulata, Mont. & Fr. in Mont. Syll. No. 833.
Thyridium cingulatum, Sacc. Syll. 3992, Cke. Syn. 3982.

Covered, blackening the surface with the discharged sporidia,
scattered, black. Stroma pulverulent, cortical, covered above by a
conceptacle resembling a rough, hemispheric-conical pseudo-perithe-
cium. Perithecia globose, one in each stroma, with a moderately long-
neck terminating in a shining, papilliform, deciduous ostiolum. Asci
clavate, stipitate. Sporidia oblong, 28 x 9 fi, 5-septate and muriformr
constricted in the middle, brown.

417

On dead branches of Symphoricarpus ?*ricemosus. California
(Harkness).

We have not seen this, and take the diagnosis from Saccardo's
Svlloge,

ANTHOSTOMELLA, Sacc*

Syll. I, p. 278.

Perithecia Bttbmembranaceous, globose-depressed, typically cov-
ered by the epidermis, which is generally somewhat blackened around
the scarcely erumpent ostiola. Asci 8-spored (rarely 4-spored), par*
aphysate. Sporidia ovoid or oblong, continuous, dark, sometimes
hyaline-appendiculate.

A. nigro-annnlata, (B. & C.)

Sphczria nigro-annulata, B. & C. Cuban Fungi, No. 859.
Anthostomella nigro-annulata, Sacc. Syll. 1032, and Cke. Syn. 4610.
Sphceria Yuccce, Schw. Syn. Car. No, 88?
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1672,— Rav, Car. V, 73.

Perithecia subgregarious, covered by the epidermis which is
blackened (except a white spot in the center) around the slightly
erumpent ostiola. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 75-80 // long. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate, oblong or subelliptical, brown. 12-18 (mosth
14-1 5) x7J/*.

On leaves of Yucca, Carolina and Florida.

A. minor, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 43.

Exsicc. EH, & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1965.

Perithecia scattered, | mm. diam., subglobose, with the upper
part subcorneal and prominent, with a rather acute, papilliform osti-
olum. Asci linear, 65-75 x 5 /i. Sporidia uniseriate, opake, 2-3-
nucleate, subinequilateral, 7-8 x 2^-3 //. The surface of the matrix,
in the specimens seen, was covered with a thin, black crust, but whether
this had any connection with the perithecia, we could not say.

On petioles of Sabal serrulate^ Florida (Calkins),

A. sepelibilis, (B, & C.)

Sphczria sepelibilis, B, & C. Grev. IV, p. 146..
Anthostomella sepelibilis, Sacc, Syll. 1042. and Cke. Syu. 4623.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1200,

Perithecia scattered, depressed-globose, about \ mm. diam., cov-
ered by the blackened cuticle which is raised into pustules and pierced
by the papilliform, erumpent ostiola, Asci clavatc-cylindrical. par-
53

418

aphysatc, about 75 x 7 fi Sporidia uniseriate or partly biseriate,
oblong-ellipticaj, brown, 10-12 x 5-6 /*.

On dead stems of Smilax, Carolina and New Jersey.

A. eliminata, (B. & €.)

Sphczria eliminata, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 148.

Anthostomella eliminata, Sacc. Syll. 1040, and Cke. Syn. 4621.

Perithecia covered by the jet-black cuticle, which is the more
conspicuous from the unoccupied parts being white, marked in the
center with white above the ostiolum. Asci linear. Sporidia uni-
seriate, oblong,' 14 x 3|-4 p.

On stems of Smilax, Alabama.

We have seen no specimens. From the brief diagnosis it seems
too near the preceding species.

A. Ieucobasis, (E. & M.)

Spharia {Anthostomella) ieucobasis, E. & M. Am. Nat. Oct. 1882, p. 809.
Anthostomella Ieucobasis, Sacc. Syll. 5926, Cke. Syn. 4634.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. P. 11Q9.

Perithecia globose or subelliptical, about § mm. diam., buried in
the matrix in definite groups, above which the epidermis is generally
more or less blackened, the blackened areas mostly limited by a
well defined line, which does not, however, penetrate deeply. Ostiola
obtuse, barely piercing the epidermis. Asci cylindrical, 75-80 x 7-8 p..
Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, ll-14x 5|-7 fi. The substance
of the matrix is partially bleached so that a horizontal section shows
dull white blotches, which indicate the presence of the fungus.

On dead petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida (Martin).

A. melanosticta, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 44.

Perithecia gregarious or scattered, buried in the parenchyma of
the leaf, with their black, dot-like ostiola barely projecting through
the epidermis, which is not at all blackened or discolored. Asci 80-
110x12-15//. Sporidia subbiseriate, elongated-elliptical and subin-
equilateral, brown, continuous, 18-22x 7-9 fi, with a thin envelope at
first.

On dead leaves of Sabal Palmetto, Louisiana.

A. Magnolia, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 122. (Plate 31)

Perithecia gregarious, hypophyllous, immersed, \-\ mm. diam..
slightly prominent and covered by the blackened cuticle, which is
pierced by the papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 75-85 x 5-6 ft,
without paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, pale brown.

419

2-3-nucleate, 7-8 x 3-4 /*, with a faint, obtuse, hyaline apiculus about
li /j. long at the lower end, and a rather shorter one at the upper end.
On fallen leases of Magnolia, Louisiana (Langlois).

A. Oreo daphnes, (Cke. & Hark.)

Spharia {Anlhostomella) Oreodaphnes, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 18.
Spharia Oreodaphnes Berl. & Vogl. Sacc. Syll. 6321.
Anthostoma Oreodaphnes, Cke. Syn. 4193.

Scattered, innate, covered. Perithecia globose, scarcely papillate.
Covered by the slightly raised, partially blackened epidermis. Asci
cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, inflated in the
middle, continuous, brown, 30-35 x 12-14 //, with granular contents.

On leaves of Umbellularia, California (Harkness).

A. Ludoviciana, Ell. & Langlois. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July,
1890, p. 228.

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the blackened cuticle which is
pierced by the papilliform, minutely perforated ostiola, 140-170 jj.
diam. Asci 50-^55 x 3— 3J //, cylindrical, paraphysate. Sporidia ob-
long-elliptical, brown, mostly 2-nucleate, 4-6 (mostly 4-5) x 2-2J ju.
uniseriate. The perithecia are often in subseriate patches, lying so
near as to touch each other, but hardly confluent, and are buried in
the substance of the bark, or even in the denuded wood, which is then
continuously and uniformly blackened on the surface, but not within.
Distinguished from other allied species by its small sporidia.

On dead stems of Smilax, Louisiana (Langlois).

A. smilacinina, (Pk.)

Spharia smilacinina, Pk. 29th Rep. p. 62.

Anthostomella smilacinina, Sacc. Syll. 1043, Cke. Syn. 4624.

Perithecia abundant, slightly prominent, minute, at first covered
by the thin, often blackened epidermis. Asci cylindrical or subclav-
ate. Sporidia ovate or unequally elliptical, pale greenish-yellow,
121-15 ft. long, usually with a single large nucleus.

On dead stems of Smilacina stellata, New York State (Peck).

A. brachystonia, E. & E. Bull. Wash. Coll. Vol. I (1884), p. 5.

Perithecia globose, \ mm. diam., buried in the wood, their short
stout, obtuse, broadly perforated ostiola slightly projecting. Asci?
Sporidia oblong-elliptical or subnavicular, brown, almost opake, 22-
25x11-12/^.

On rotten wood of Tsuga Pattoniana, Mt. Paddo, Washington.

The specc. were old and the asci had mostly disappeared.

420

A. eriictans, E. & E. Proc. Roch. Acad. 1890, p. 50, pi. 4, figs. 7-8.

Perithecia gregarious, globose, J-f mm. diam?, with thick cori-
aceous walls, buried in the wood, abruptly contracted above into a
short neck with an obtuse-conical, erumpent ostiolum. Asci cylin-
drical, 75-80 x 7-8 fi (p. sp.), with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia
uniseriate, brown, continuous, rather acutely elliptical, 10-15x5-7 ;t
(mostly 12 x 5 /i). The surface of the wood is uniformly blackened,
and the sporidia when mature are discharged as in Massaria.

On decorticated (maple?) limb, Lyndon ville, N. Y. (Fairman).

A. pholidigena, (Ell.)

Sphceria (Anthoslomella) pholidigena. Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Clubr X. p. 54,
Anthoslomella pholidigena, Sacc. Syll. 6320, Anthostoma, Cke. Syn. 41S1.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1664.

Perithecia subcuticular, erumpent, hemispherical, rough, |-| mm.
diam., with the ostiolum slightly prominent and broadly perforated.
Asci linear, 114x7 ju, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate.
narrow-elliptical, continuous, brown, 7-1 Ox 5-6 /i. Some of the peri-
thecia contain stylospores which are much like the ascospores, only a
little shorter.

On cones of red pine, Utah (S. J. Harkness). Mostly on the
back of the scales, and covered by the overlapping point of the next
scale below.

Differs from A. conorum, Fckl., in its smaller perithecia and spo-
ridia and different stylospores.

A. ostiolata, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XI, p. 42.

Perithecia single or 2-4 together, J-J mm. diam., nearly buried
in the unchanged inner bark, but with about one-third of their upper
part projecting and closely covered by the blackened epidermis which
is pierced by the short, stout ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 80-85 x 7-8 jut.
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, oblong-ellip-
tical, brown, 1-2-nucleate, 10-13x4-5 /u.

On dead twigs of Laurus Benzoin, Newfield, N. J.

The stroma is formed from the unaltered substance of the bark
and not limited by any circumscribing line.

A. Baptisiae, (Cke.)

Sphcsria Baptisice, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 145.
Anthoslomella Baptisitz, Sacc. Syll. io6r, Cke. Syn. 4603.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 200.

Scattered or subgregarious. Perithecia depressed, covered by

421

the blackened epidermis. Asci obelavate. Sporidia elongated-ellip-
tical, binucleate, brown, 14 x 4 p.*

On stems of Baptida perfoliate!, Aiken. South Carolina, with
Phoma Baptisim, Cke.

A. nigrotecta, (B. & Rav.)

Sphceria nigrotecta, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 155.
Anthostomella nigrotecta, Sacc. Syll. 1054, Cke. Syn. 4601.

Peritheeia shining black, white in the center around the ostiolum.
Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, brown, elliptical.

On leaves of Bex, Carolina.

Externally like Physalospora philoprina, (B. & C.) but smaller.
** Sporidia with a hyaline appendage at one or both ends.

( E ntosordaria).

A. confiisa, Sacc. Syll. 1065.

Sphceria appendiculosa , B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 153, (not B. & Br.), Cke. Syn. Pyr.
4636.

Peritheeia collected two or three together, closely surrounded ar,
the base by the cuticle. Asci oblong. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform,
quadrinucleate, 12-13 // long, with a straight, hyaline, filiform append-
age at each end.

On leaves of Sapindus, Texas.

A. rostrispora, ((Jer.)

Sphceria rostrispora, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 26.
Anthostomella rostrispora, Sacc. Syll. 1068, Cke. Syn. 4637.

Peritheeia orbicular, densely crowded, seated on a blackish, com-
pact, fibrous stroma. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia ovate, binucleate.
brown, 15x5//, with a hyaline beak at each end.

Encircling the base of a stalk of Inula Helenium, New Paltz.
N. Y.

A. sabalensioides, (E. & M.)

Sphceria sabalensioid.es, E. & M. Am. Nat. Oct. 1882, p. 810.
Anthostomella sabalensioides, Sacc. Syll. 5932, Cke. Syn. 4635.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1694.

Peritheeia scattered, minute, \ mm. diam., globose, covered, the
short ostiolum barely piercing the epidermis and visible under the lens
as a small black dot. Asci 75-80 x 7 J-9 //, without paraphyses?
Sporidia biseriate, elliptic-fusoid, appendiculate, yellowish, surrounded
by a gelatinous stratum, 13-15 x3J-4 //. The short, filiform append-
ages at each end of the sporidia are soon absorbed.

On petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida.

422

A. closterium, (B. & C.)

SphcEria closterium, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 147,
Anthostoma closterium, Cke. Syn. 4198.
Anthostomella closterium, Sacc. Syll. 1067.

Minute, bursting through the cuticle which at first is closed, black
and shining. Asci lanceolate. Sporidia elliptical in the center, with
a long, attenuated, curved appendage at each end, 50 p long. Some-
times the elliptical part is divided into two elliptical joints.

On Spircea opulifolia, mountains of New York.

A. Cacti, (Sehw.)

Spharia Cacti, Schw. Syn. Car. 227.
Anthostomella Cacti, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 512.

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent, subastomous, shining black,
minute, mostly on round, yellowish-brown spots 3-4 mm. diam., with
a definite, slightly raised border, and often confluent. Asci elavate-
cylindrical, 40 x 10 // (p. sp.), with a short, slender, pedicellate base.
Paraphyses not seen. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical or obovate-ellip-
tical, opake with a light-colored band (pseudo-septum) across the mid-
dle, the lower end subhyaline (and slightly appendieulate ?), 12-15
x4-4i/W.

On Opuntia Engelmanni, Los Angeles, Cala. (Scribner).

FAMILY. VALSEJL

Ascigerous stroma effused (diatrypoid), or subglobose, conical, or
pulvinate (valsoid); often obscurely defined, or only indicated by a
black, circumscribing line penetrating more or less deeply. Perithecia
buried in the stroma, collected in groups or effused.

The ascigerous stromata are often preceded or accompanied by
spermogonia producing sporules (mostly minute) borne on basidia
which line the inner surface of the spermogonial cavity. The spermo-
gonia accompanying the perithecia in the effused form of the ascigerous
stroma, are generally simple, i. e. having the spermatiiferous cavity un-
divided, and generally pierced above with a single pore, but in the
valsoid form of stroma, the cavity of the spermogonium is mostly
divided into several cells or chambers stellately arranged, and inclosed
by thin walls, or partitions extending in from the circumference
towards the center, all these cells opening above through a single pore,
or sometimes through several pores. The perithecia are either formed
in the substratum beneath the spermogonia, or quite as often lie in n
circle around it.

423

The members of this family grow in the bark or decorticated
wood of dead limbs or on dead herbaceous stems.

DIAPORTHE, Nitschke.

Pyr. Germ. p. 240.

Stromata cortical, subvalsoid, separate (Chorostate), or effused,
indeterminate, formed from the slightly altered substance of the bark
and usually limited by a black line (Tetrastaga), or evenly effused,
but with the surface of the matrix finally blackened, its substance
otherwise unchanged, only in most cases limited by a black, circum-
scribing line visible on a horizontal section (Euporthe). Perithecia
membranaceous or subcoriaceous, generally pale cinereous within,
with a cylindrical or filiform exserted beak. Asci typically apar-
aphysate, fusoid, 8-spored. Sporidia fusoid or subelliptical, unisep-
tate,* generally constricted in the middle, 2-4-nucleate, hyaline, with
or without appendages. The spermogonial stage is represented by
species of Phoma.

A. Stroma valsoid; perithecia subcircinate; ostiola fasciculate.

{Chorostate).

* Sporidia not appendiculate.
D. oncostoma, (Duby).

Sphceria oncostoma, Duby in Rab. Herb. Mycol. No. 205.
Valsa personata, C. & E. Grew VI, p. 9.
Diaporthe oncostoma, Fckl. Symb. p. 205.
Sphcrria enteroleuca, Fr. Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1314?
Exsiec. Fckl. F. Rh. 1730— Rab. 1. c.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1952.— Thum. M.
U. 1855.— Kze. F. Sel. 582.— Sydow. M. March. 551.— Roum. F. G. 2391.

Stromata scattered, globose-conical, innate-erumpent, with a black,
circumscribing line which penetrates the wood. Perithecia subcircin-
ate, globose, |-1 mm. diam., penetrating to the wood or partly im-
mersed in it. Ostiola elongated, subconvergent, cylindrical or irregu-
lar, erumpent in a rather compact tuft. Asci oblong-clavate, p. sp. 45-
50 x 8-9 ft. Sporidia biseriate, oblong- fusoid, 12-16 x 3-3J p, unisep-
tate and finally slightly constricted.

On dead branches of Robinia pseudacacia, Newfield, K. J.

Cke. in Grev. makes the sporidia 25-28x6 fi. We find them as
above stated.

*Often each of the cells is divided by a faint septum but without any constriction, the di-
vision being only a separation of the cell contents and not a true septum.

424

D. rhoina, (C. & E.)

Diatrype rhoina, C. & E. Grev. Vlt, p. 8, Cke. Syn. 1623.
Calospora rhoina, Sacc. Syll. 3707.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N, A. F. 2d Ser. 1953.

Perithecia subeircinate, 8-20 in a group, globose, |-J mm. diam.,
the lower part sunk in the wood, necks convergent and erumpent in a
compact fascicle of stout but short, cylindrical ostiola, which perforate
the epidermis, but do not rise much above it, their tips rounded or
obtusely conical, and finally with a large irregular opening. Stroma
variable, orbicular, irregular in outline, often widely confluent and con-
tinuous for several inches, faintly circumscribed. Asci oblong-clavate,
p. sp. 60x8-10 fi. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 2-4-nucleate,
becoming uniseptate and slightly constricted, 12-15 x 2J-3 fju

On dead Rhus venenata, Newfield, N. J.

On a section exposing the perithecia they seem to lie almost
evenly scattered. Sec. Cooke, the sporidia are 1-5-septate, 40x4 /i,
but we can only find them as stated above.

D. acerina. (Pk.)

Valsa acerina, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 74.
Diaporthe acerina , Sacc. Syll. 2365.
Valsa albocincta, C. & P. in Cke. Valsei of the U. S. No. 64, (fide Peck).

Perithecia sunk in the wood, |-| mm. diam., in subcircinate
groups of 6-10, circumscribed by a black line which penetrates deeply
into the wood and encloses a space considerably larger than that occu-
pied by the perithecia. Ostiola erumpent through the ruptured epi-
dermis (which is also slightly raised), stout, short-cylindrical, obtuse,
perforated, enveloped in a sulphur-yellow, grumous substance which
finally disappears. The wood of the stroma within the circumscribing
line is also tinged sulphur-yellow. Asci oblong-fusoid, p. sp. about
60x8-10 /jl. Sporidia biseriate, oblong or subelliptical, subobtuse.
12-15x4 /1, uniseptate and constricted.

On dead Acer spicatum, Indian Lake, N. Y. (Peck), London,
Canada (Dearness).

D. eiisticha, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia small ({ mm. diam.), buried in the unaltered substance
of the litter bark in groups of 8-12, the ostiola converging and seriate-
erumpent in a black, convex-hemispherical disc which is loosely but*.
rounded by the ruptured epidermis. Asci clavate, 40-50 x 6-7 ft.
aparaphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, cylindric-fusoid^-nuclcatc.
hyaline, straight, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, 12-15 x3-3| fi.

425

On dead hickory limbs, Kewfield, N. J.

The ostiola do not project at alL but are slightly umbilicate-
depressed.

D. Carpini, (Pers.)

Sph&r'ia Carpini, Pers. Syn. p. 39.
Valsa Carpini, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 411.
Diaporthe Carpini, Fckl. Syrnb. p. 205.
Exsicc. T'hum. M. U. 2169. — Rehni Asc. 376. — Kunze F. Sel. 121.— Rav. F. Am. 746.— Krgr.
F. Sax. 138.— Sydow M. March. 298, 1257.

Stroma cortical, pale. Perithecia circinate, numerous, crowded,
closely circumscribed by a narrow line. Ostiola erumpent through
the stellately torn epidermis, not. confluent, at first papillate, finally
umbilicate, and sometimes rostellate. Asci oblong, sessile, 8-spored,
30-60 x 7-8 11. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-cylindrical, uniseptate,
obtuse, hyaline, 4-nueleate, 13-18x3-4 p.. Spermogonia erumpent,
1-2 mm. across, with an irregular central opening; spermatia lance-
fusoid, 2-nucleate, hyaline, 12-15 x3|-4 /*.

On Carpinus Americana, South Carolina (Ravenel), Canada
{Dearness), New York (Peck and Fairman).

The specc. from Dr. Fairman have asci and sporidia correspond-
ing to the smaller dimensions in the foregoing diagnosis, which is
taken from Saceardo's Sylloge.

D. strumMa, (Fr.)

Sph&ria strumella, Fr. S. M. II, p. 565.

Diatrype strumella, Fr. Surnma Veg. Scand. p. 385.

Diaporthe strumella, Fckl. Symb. p. 205.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 598.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 49, 255.— id. F. E. 2431.-— Rerun Asc. 429.
Sydow M. March, 196.— Thum. M. U. 1160, 1857.— Desni. Pi. Crypt. Ed. I, 1752, Ed.
II, 1402.— EH. & Evrht, N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2524.

Stromata thickly and evenly scattered, orbicular, depressed,
formed of the unaltered substance of the inner bark, and covered by
the epidermis. Perithecia 10-15 in a stroma, circinate, small, spheri-
cal, penetrating to the wood, and often adnate to it. Ostiola cylin-
drical, closely packed together, and erumpent in a black, elliptical,
transverse disk which is finally obliterated ; mostly short and obtuse^
but sometimes elongated. Asci 50-60 x 7-10 jut, subsessile, clavate.
Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, uniseptate and constricted at the septum,
13-22 x 3-4 /I, greenish-hyaline, slightly curved.

On dead stems of Ribes lacustre, Canada (Dearness), New York
(Peck).

D. subcongrua, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia ovate-globose, J mm, diam., 6^-12 together, enclosed in
54

426

a light colored, oblong (3-4 x 2-3 mm.) stroma and penetrating to the
woo J, which is marked with a black, circumscribing line; necks snb-
convergent, their large, conic-globose ostiola connate at the base, but
without any distinct disk, erumpent through cracks in the slightly
raised epidermis. Asci oblong-fusoid, about 50x8-10 //., subsessile.
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate and slightly
constricted, 12-14 x3|-4§ /z, ends subobtuse. The ostiola resemble
those of Eutypella cervicidata, only they are smaller and not sulcate.

On dead maple limbs, London, Canada (Dearness).

Closely allied to D. pustulata, (Desm.), but the specimen of that
species in Desm. PL Crypt, has a distinct, nearly round, almost plane
disk, with the ostiola only slightly prominent and narrower, and rather
longer, acute sporidia. b

D. congener, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2532.

Stromata evenly scattered, depressed-conical, formed of the slight-
ly altered substance of the bark which is lighter than the adjacent
parts, limited by a black, circumscribing line which penetrates the
wood, apex brownish-black, erumpent through the ruptured epidermis
which, however, is only slightly raised. Perithecia subcircinate, ad-
nate to the surface of the wood but scarcely penetrating it, about Q-S
in number, \ mm. diam., rather abruptly contracted into slender,
slightly converging necks, piercing the disk with their rounded, obtuse,
soon umbilicate, slightly projecting ostiola. Asci clava to-cylindrical,
70-75 x 10-12 fx. Sporidia uniseriate, direct or oblique, sometimes
partly biseriate above, elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate and strongly con-
stricted, each cell with a large nucleus, 12-14 x 6 p..

On dead limbs of Fraxinus, London, Canada (Dearness).

In D. fibrosa, (Pers.) which is credited to this country by
Schweinitz & Berkeley, the asci and sporidia are scarcely distinguish-
able from those of our D. congener, but in that species the inner bark
is blackened and subcarbonized with long, coarse, light colored fibers
bedded in its surface. just under the epidermis, and there is, in the
European specc. we have seen, no black circumscribing line penetrat-
ing the wood. The perithecia also are larger. Berkeley (Grev. IV, p.
99.) states that in specc. from the mountains of New York, the sporidia
are at length "fenestrate," a character not applicable to D. fibrosa.
Sphceria extensa Fr. Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1315, is apparently not dis-
tinct from D. fibrosa.

D. tecta, (Cke.)

Valsa tecta, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 109, Syn. Pyr. 2000.
Diapor the tecta, Sacc. Syll. 6091.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 747.

427

Perithecia circinate, few. nestling in the unaltered substance of
the bark and raising the epidermis into little pustules, small (150 ft).
about four together, contracted above into slender necks terminating
in the short, inconspicuous ostiola, which barely rupture the epidermis
without projecting above it. Asci oblong 25-30 x 5-6 p. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-sublanceolate, slightly curved, 2-4-nucleate, unisep-
tate, hyaline, 6-7 x 1J-2 ft (18x5 /i, Cke.).

On dead limbs of My vie a. Darien, Georgia (Ravenel).

This discrepancy between Cooke's measurements and ours is
remarkable. We have carefully examined the specc. in Raw F. Am.,
and find the sporidia as stated above.

1). Woolworthii, (Pk.)

Valsa Woolworthii, Pk. 28th Re!p. p. 73.
Diaporthe IVooizoorthii, Sacc. Syll. 2383.

Minute, erumpent. Perithecia 2-6 together, nestling in the inner
bark. Ostiola stout, becoming umbilicate, crowded, slightly prominent,
barely exserted through the ruptured epidermis. Asci p. sp. 30-35 x
1 fi. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong-fusoicl, uniseptate, scarcely
constricted, nearly colorless, 10-12 x2|-3| ji. v

On dead oak and hickory branches, Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck), on
oak and Tilia, Canada (Dearness).

The clusters of perithecia are very numerous and often seriate,
the epidermis being ruptured from one to another. What appears to
be the same has been sent by Mr. Langlois from Louisiana, on dead
limbs of white oak, with the ostiola at first erumpent through a pale
disk which at length disappears.

D. farinosa, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 69.

Stroma subpulverulent or mealy, dull buff color, formed of the
slightly changed inner bark, erumpent in a minute, slightly exserted
disk. Perithecia irregularly circinating, generally 4-10 together, the
clusters subconfluent. Ostiola black, dotting the prominent, pulveru-
lent, buff-colored or, at length, brownish disk. Asci subcylindrieal.
55-75 x 7|-10 fi. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong or subfusi-
forin, uniseptate, generally 4-nucleate, 15-20 x 3 J-4 ft.

On dead branches of Tilia Americana, Argusville, N. Y. (Peck).

This species approaches D. furfuracea in its pulverulent stroma,
but differs in its prominent disk, making the branches rough to the
touch, and in its smaller sporidia. From D. velata it is easily sepa-
rated by the entire absence of any black, circumscribing line or black-
ened' surface. It evidently belongs to the subgenus Chorostate, but
the clusters of perithecia are so numerous that they form an almost

428

continuous stratum, which surrounds the branch and extends for a long-
distance under the epidermis.

We have not seen this speciesT and take the foregoing from the
report cited.

D. Saccardiana, Kze, Sacc. Syll. 2430.

Kxsicc. Kze. P. SeT. 123.

Perithecia 2-6 together, subcircinate, buried in the unaltered
inner bark without any circumscribing liner about 500 fi diam., with
their stoutr conical or conic-cylindrical ostiola erumpent in a loose,
fascicle together. Asci p. sp. oblong-fusoid, 40-45 x 8-9 /i. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 4-nucleate, uniseptate and very slightly con-
stricted, 10-12 x 3-3i p (15 x 4j_5 ^ Sacc).

On small, dead limbs of elm, London, Canada (Dearness).

The small groups of perithecia lie close together, almost filling
the bark. There is no distinct apiculus at the ends of the sporidiar
nor do we see any in Kunze's specimens in which the sporidia are a
trifle larger, 10-14 x 3§-4 jut. The latter also show a distinct, circum-
scribing line in the older and thicker bark, but none on the smaller
limbs.

I>. impiilsa, ((J. & P.)

Valsa impulsa, C. & P. 27th Kep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 109,
Diaportlte impulsa, Sacc. Syll. 2395.

Stroma depressed-subconical, \-\ cm. diam., formed of the scarce-
ly altered substance of the bark, with a black, limiting line penetrat-
ing the wood. Perithecia 8-12, subcircinate, \-\ mm. diam., with
slender necks, the obtusely-conical, finally umbilicate-col lapsing ostiola
erumpent through a small, grayish-black disk rather loosely surrounded
by the ruptured epidermis. Asci clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. about
40 x 6 p. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, uniseptate, nucleate, hyaline,
hardly constricted, 16-20 x3-3| ji.

On dead branches of Pyrus Americana, Adirondack Mts.,
X. Y. (Peck), on Pyrus sambucifolia, California (Harkness).

Described from specc. sent by Mr. Peck.

D. Ailanthi, Sacc. M. Ven. spec. p. 137, tab. XIII, figs. 40-43.

Stroma valsoid. Acervuli scattered, small, consisting of 5-(>
perithecia lying in subcircinate groups buried in the surface of the
wood and covered by the slightly raised epidermis, which is finally
ruptured. Perithecia subglobose, about J mm. diam. Ostiola erum-
pent in a fascicle together, for some time covered by the epidermis,

429

but finally more or less exserted. Asci fusoicl, 50 x 6-7 ta. Sporidia
aubbiseriate, oblong-fusoid, 4-nucleate, slightly constricted in the mid-
dle, 12-15 x3-3i u.

On dead limbs of Ailanthus glandulosa, Delaware (Commons).

The specc. sent by Mr. Commons are quite variable as to the
ostiola which are sometimes \ mm. long and then clavate. The stroma
is limited by a black circumscribing line.

D. bicincta, (C. & P.)

Valsa bicincta, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 64.
Diaportlie bicincta, Sacc. Syll. 241 1.

Stromata thickly scattered, depressed-hemispherical, about 3 mm.
diam., seated on the inner bark without any circumscribing line, dirty
white inside. Perithecia 6-20 in a stroma, of medium size, sunk in
the bai-k, their cylindrical necks terminating in a compact fascicle of
stout, black, obtusely conical ostiola piercing the epidermis but not
rising much above it, and finally umbilicate-collapsed. Asci subcylin-
drical, 40-45 x 6 fju Sporidia biseriate, narrow-elliptical, 4-nucleate.
not constricted, 10-13 x3 /i.

On dead branches of Juglans cinerea. New York (Peck).

When the epidermis is peeled off, the fascicle of ostiola is sur-
rounded' by a pale whitish zone at base, and this, again, by a dark-
colored line.

D. leiphiemia, (Fr.)

Sphczria leiphezmia, Fr. S. M. II, p. 399.
Valsa leiphcemia, Fr. Summa, Veg. Sc. p. p. 412.
Diaporthe leiphcema, Sacc. M. V. spec. p. 135, tab. XIII, figs. 26-28.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 611.— Kze. F. Sel. 348.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 732, id. F. E. 1015, 2225.
, Rehm Asc. 476.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 255, 2d Ser. 225.— Desm. PI. Cr. Ed. I, 1256,
Ed. II, 756.— EH. N. A. F. 93.

Stromata numerous and thickly scattered but not confluent, corti-
cal, with a pale, erumpent, convex-hemispherical disk. Perithecia
numerous, lying in the bottom of the stroma, pale, soft. Ostiola not
strongly exserted. Asci fusoicl, subsessile, 70-80 x 9 //, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, slightly constricted, 15-
20 x 4 /£.

On decaying oak limbs, common. Mostly on Quercus alba around
Newfield.

D. Raveneliana, Thiim. & Rehm in Thiim. M. U. 865, is D.
leiphazmia, Fr. (at least in our copy).

D. crinigera, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1891.
Stroma cortical. Perithecia buried in the substance of the inner

430

bark, subcircinate, 7-20 together, ovate-giobose, ^-| mm. diain., coil*
tracted above into short, slender, convergent necks with the ostiola
smooth and rounded or distinctly quadrisulcate and erumpent in a
small, capitate fascicle. In well developed specimens the ostiola are
cylindrical, 1-2 mm. long, but quite as often they project only slightly
above the epidermis. There is not a separate circumscribing line
around each cluster of the perithecia, but one continuous, black layer
extends along just under the surface of the inner bark over the entire
space occupied by the fungus. In the early stage of growth, and where
there are only a few perithecia in a cluster, the surface of the inner
bark is smooth and even, but where the perithecia are more numerous
and well developed, they raise the bark into little flat pustules about
2 mm. diam. Asci 45 x 7-8 /i (p. sp.), with paraphyses. Sporidia hi-
seriate, oblong-fusoid, 4-nucleate, slightly constricted in the middle,
10-13 x 3— 3J fi, ends subobtuse. This was at first referred to Diapor-
the Woolworthii, Pk., but, having compared it with a specimen of that
species from Mr. Peck, we find it to differ in its larger and more nu-
merous perithecia with long, cylindrical ostiola, and its broader spori-
dia; nor is there any seriate arrangement in the clusters of perithecia.
or any circumscribing line. Mr. Commons sends the same from Dela-
ware (No. 1266), differing only in the clusters of perithecia being more
or less longitudinally confluent.

On dead oak limbs, London, Canada (Dearness).

D. magnispora, (E. & E.)

Valsa magnispora, E, & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 42.
Diaporthe magnispora, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 707.

Perithecia buried in the inner bark, not penetrating to the' wood,
or circumscribed by any black line, 6-10 in a cluster, globose-ovate,
about \ mm. diam., contracted above into short necks which burst in
a cluster through the epidermis, but project only slightly above it,
their apices (ostiola) hemispherical, black, smooth and shining, with a
minute, central pore, and sometimes slightly umbilicate. Asci subses-
sile, "oblong-cylindrical, 100-120x18-22 p.. Sporidia biseriate, ob-
long-fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate, slightly curved, 25-35 x 7-11 fi. Dia-
porthe Aceris, Fckl., has asci only 60 x 8 [i and sporidia 14 x 4 /i.

On dead maple limbs, Plainfield, N. J. (G. F. Meschutt).

D. Aceris, Fckl. Symb. p. 204.

Valsa myinda, C. & K. Grew VI, p. 93.
Diaporthe myinda, Sacc. Syll. 2368.
Exsicc, EH. N. A. F. 180.

431

Perithecia small, about \ fx diam., buried in the inner bark in sub-
circinate groups of 8-12, covered above by a thin, black crust lying-
just beneath the epidermis. Ostiola slightly convergent, rising sepa-
rately through the overlying crust and raising and rupturing the
epidermis, short-cylindrical, subcompressed or otherwise irregular.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, subsessile, aparaphysate, 8-spored, 50-60 x
6-7 fx. Sporidia biseriate, biconical, or acutely elliptical, uniseptate
and constricted, subobtuse, hyaline, 12-14x4 /i.

On bark of Acer rubrum, Newfield, N. J.

The groups of perithecia almost entirely fill the bark for a foot or
more in length and surround the limb, but the bark does not seem
to be in any way discolored, nor is there any circumscribing line, but
the surface is roughened by the ruptured epidermis around the slightly
projecting ostiola.

D. Eucalypti, Hark. New Cal. Fungi, p. 44.

" Perithecia aggregated in valsiform groups bordered by a raised
black line. Ostiola 1 mm. or more long, lax, somewhat agglutinated.
Asci oblong-fusoid, 33 x 7 /jl. Sporidia fusiform, slightly curved,
hyaline, uniseptate, 4-nucleate, acuminate, 15 x 4 //."

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, San Francisco, Cala.

D. Columbiensis, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,
p. 233.

Perithecia in subcircinate clusters of 3-6 (occasionally only one),
buried in the inner bark, their bases penetrating to the subjacent
wood, large (f-1 mm.), collapsing below, abruptly contracted above
into short necks terminating in subtubercular, quadrisulcate-cleft
ostiola, erumpent (but not strongly prominent) through the thin,
black, superficial, convex crust that covers the stroma. The substance
of the stroma consists entirely (except the black, circumscribing layer)
of the bleached substance of the bark. Stroma elliptical, 2-5 mm.
diam., with a distinct, black, circumscribing line, which does not pene-
trate deeply into the wood. Asci oblong-lanceolate, about 100 x 12 jm.
Sporidia biseriate, hyaline, oblong, 20-22 x 7-8 /i, uniseptate and con-
stricted, each cell with a large nucleus.

On dead limbs of some undetermined tree, British Columbia
(Macoun).

D. ocularia, (C. & E.)

Valsa ocularia, C. & TS,. Grev. VI, p. n.
Diaporthe ocularia, Sacc. Syll. 23S9.

432

Perithecia 3-12, seated on the Wood, collected in a pallid stroma,
and surrounded by a faint black line, so that when the bark is re-
moved, they have an ocellate appearance, about § mm. diam., the
short, obtuse, umbilicate ostiola barely piercing the bark. Asci about
40 x 6 a (p. sp.). Sporidia subbiseriate, fusoid, 4-nucleate, becoming
faintly uniseptate (faintly 5-septate, Cke.), not constricted, 15-20 x3/i
(25 x 4 & Cke.).

On dead branches of Ilex (glabra)'? Newfield, N. J.

This must not be confounded with D. binoculata, Var. Ilicis,
which has much larger, elliptical, constricted sporidia. ,

D. binoculata, (Ell.)

Valsa binoculata, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. m.
Diaporthe binoculata, Sacc. Syll. 6093.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 879.

Perithecia 3-6, rather large, deeply imbedded in a depressed -
hemispherical stroma formed of the slightly altered substance of the
bark and enclosed in a tolerably thick, hard, carbonaceous crust, which
penetrates to the wood and shows on a horizontal section as a black,
circumscribing line. Ostiola subglobose, with a large, irregular open-
ing, slightly erumpent through cracks in the slightly raised epidermis.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 100-150 (mostly 100-112) x 12-20 p, p. sp.
75-80 ju, with granular paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate or sometimes
subbiseriate, elliptical, uniseptate and constricted, with a large nucleus
in each cell, 20-25 x 12-14 //, but often smaller 15-20 x 10-12 /*, con-
stricted at the septum.

On dead trunks of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J., and on
Ilex verticillata, London, Canada (Dearness).

The ostiola often fail to rise through the epidermis, so that out-
wardly there is no trace of the fungus. The ascigerous nucleus is soft
and pale, and the perithecia themselves are almost colorless.

This differs from D. ocularia, C. & E., in its' much longer asci
and very different sporidia.

D. stictostoma, (Ell.)

Valsa punctostotna, Ell. Am. Nat. March, 1883, p. 316.
Diaporthe stictostoma, Sacc. Syll. 6096.

Stroma cortical, formed of the unaltered substance of the inner
bark. Perithecia 8-12, about \ mm. diam., in a single layer, their
short-cylindrical beaks joined in a small (f mm.), olivaceous, slightly
elevated disk which is closely girt by the epidermis, and pierced
around its circumference by the black, obtuse, slightly prominent,
rather broadly perforated ostiola. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 55 x 8-9 //.

433

Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, 4-nucleate, slightly constricted in
the middle, hyaline, 11-13 x4-4| fi.

On dead limbs of Amelanchier Canadensis, Iowa (Holway).

D. Magnolia?, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma irregular in outline, elongated for 2-4 (or more) cm. in
extent, and consisting of the unaltered substance of the bark and wood,
enclosed in a thin, black layer which appears, on a horizontal section,
as a narrow, black line penetrating the wood to the depth of 2-3 mm.
Perithecia 4-8 together, buried in the bark and partly sunk in the
subjacent wood, about J lam. diam., whitish or horn-color inside, with
converging necks erumpent in a fascicle together, their tubercular-
cylindrical ostiola, rounded and obtuse, and more or less distinctly
quadrisulcate, soon perforating or rupturing the epidermis and raising it
into small pustules, but hardly rising above it. Asci clavate-cylindric-
al, aparaphysate, subsessile, 8-spored, 40-50 x 6-7 jut, Sporidia sub-
biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 2-3-nucleate, then uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted, 10-12x3//.

On dead limbs of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

This" was published in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,
p. 235, as D. Americana, Speg,, but the perithecia are too large, and
too distinctly clustered to allow it to be referred to that species. It
belongs evidently in the subgenus Uhorostate, where we now place it,

D. Ellisii* Rehm. in Uteris and in Sacc, SylL 6554.

E.xsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 156?.

Stroma cortical without any circumscribing line. Perithecia
numerous (15-20), subcircinate, about \ mm. diam., raising the bark
into small pustules, through the center of which, bursts the brown, con-
Vex disk, pierced around its margin by the black, obtuse, dot-like ostiola.
Asci subclavate, 57-62x7-9 p. Sporidia biseriate or overlapping,
narrowly elliptical, 4-nucleate, often slightly constricted in the middlev
ll-15x3i-5| fi..

On dead branches of Garpinus Americana, West Chester, Pa.

With a Gytispora having oblong, hyaline, 4-nucleate sporules,
8-11 x 2-2 \ jut, issuing in an orange colored mass.

D. tuberculosa, (Ell.) (Plate 33)

Valsa tuberculosa, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Vlll, p. 89,
Diaporthe tuberculosa, Sacc. Syll. 2404.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 880.

Perithecia 8-10, about 400-500 p diam., subcireinating, and
buried in a stroma formed entirely of the substance of the bark^ which
55

434

is not discolored, though rendered more compact and surrounded by a
thin, black layer which penetrates the wood beneath. Ostiola short-
cylindrical, thick, stout, obtuse, with an irregular opening. Asci
broad-lanceolate; sessile, 75 x 15 ju. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-ellip-
tical, uniseptate and slightly constricted, hyaline, 12 x5-6 /i, with two
large nuclei, at length easily separating in the midddle.

On dead limbs of Amelanchier Canadensis, Newfield, N. J., and
on dead maple limbs, London, Canada (Dearness).

When the bark decays and falls away, the black, tuberculiform
stroma remains attached to the wood and then, much resembles the
stroma of some Diatrype; this at least is the case with the specc. on
Amelanchier.

D. Ampelopsidis, (Ell.)

Valsa Ampelopsidis, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 112.
Cryptosporella Ampelopsidis, Sacc. Syll. 6025.
Valsa {Cryptosporella) Ampelopsidis, Cke. Syn. 1940.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 881.

Perithecia subcircinate, few, seated on the surface of the wood
and enveloped in the bark without any distinct stroma. Ostiola cylin-
drical, subacute, their tips united in an elliptical, plane disk erumpent
through longitudinal fissures in the bark, but at length obliterated.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, about 70 x 12 ft. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-
elliptical, subacute, hyaline, 1-4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate, 18-22
x 7j p..

On dead stems of Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Newfield, N. J.

D. apocrypta, (€. & E.)

Valsa apocrypta, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 15.
Diaporthe apocrypta, Sacc. Syll. 2409.

Perithecia in groups of 3-8, subcircinate in the unchanged inner
bark, \-\ mm. diam., their short, obtuse, subfasciculate ostiola raising
the epidermis into slight pustules which are finally ruptured, but the
ostiola are not exserted. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-80 x 15-18 yt.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uniseptate and constricted, obtuse, hyaline,
18-20x6/; (25-28x8-9 (iy Cke.). The groups of perithecia are
thickly scattered through the bark, more or less irregularly disposed,
often contiguous or confluent, and scarcely visible externally.

On decaying hickory limbs, Newfield, N. J.

D. corymbosa, (C. & E.)

Valsa corymbosa, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 15.
Diaporthe corymbosa, Sacc. Syll. 2412.

Perithecia immersed in the wood, in an elliptical (2-3 x 1-2 fi)

435

stroma bounded by a black, circumscribing line, 4-10 in a group, their
slender, fasciculate ostiola barely erumpent or entirely concealed by
the epidermis which is only very slightly or not at all elevated over
them. Asci about 70 x 8-10 jjl, cylindrical. Sporidia obliquely uni-
seriate, elliptical, uniseptate, 18-20 x 7-8 fi.

On dead branches of Vaccinium corymbosum., Newfield, N. J.

Much like D. apocrypta, but the perithecia are smaller and sunk
in the wood, only their apices rising into the bark, and in that species
there is no black, circumscribing line, either in the wood or bark.

D. salicella, (Fr.)

Sphceria salicella, Fr. S. M. II, p. 377.

Sphoeria salicina, Curr. I,inn. Trans. XXII, tab. 48, fig. 149.
Halonia salicella, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 397.
Diaporthe Salicis, Nitschke, in Feckl. F. Rh. 1987.
Cryptospora salicella, Fckl. Syrab. 193.
Diaporthe salicella, Sace. Mycol. Ven. spec. p. 135.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 800, 1987.— Rab. F. E. 2046.— Thum. M. U. 170.

Perithecia mostly in groups of 4-8, buried in the inner bark with-
out any stroma, the short, conic-cylindrical ostiola breaking through
the epidermis in a small fascicle projecting a little above the slightly
pustuliform-elevated epidermis, and appearing like small black specks
thickly scattered over the limb. Mixed with the groups are also many
perithecia standing singly. Asci 65-70 x 14-16 //, elongated-clavate.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, inequilateral, uniseptate, not con-
stricted, yellowish-hyaline, 15-20 x4J-5| /i, ends subobtuse.

On dead limbs of Salix, New York (Fairman), Canada (Dear-
ness), Pennsylvania (Berk, in Grev. IV, p. 147).

The perithecia are 400-500 /i diam., thin and membranaceous,
collapsing from below.

D. sociata, (C. & E.)

Valsa sociata, C. & F- Grev. VI, p. ii,
Diaporthe sociata, Sacc Syll. 2378.

Perithecia 3-5 together, buried in the unaltered substance of the
bark, minute (200 //), globose, slightly raising the epidermis, which is
ruptured by the short, obtuse, rather broadly perforated ostiola. Asci
oblong-clavate, about 4x8//. Sporidia oblique or biseriate, oblong-
fusoid, uniseptate, hyaline, 10-12 x 3 a (12 x4 jjl, Cke.).

A horizontal section shows a circular or elliptical stromatic area
about 1 mm. diam.. bounded by a faint black line which hardly pene-
trates to the wood.

On dead limbs of Laurus Benzoin, Newfield, N. J. With a
tufted Helminthosporium rising from the pustules and bearing cla-
vate, multiseptate conidia.

436

I), paiilula, (C. & E.)

Valsa paulula, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 9.
Diaporthe paulula, Sacc. Syll. 2391.

Perithecia few, 2-4 together, subglobose, about 200 /i diam.,
buried in the unaltered substance of the bark, which is raised into
small pustules ruptured by the short, obtuse, subumbilicate ostiola,
which scarcely project. Asci clavate, p. sp. about 40 x 6 fi. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-fusoid, uniseptate and constricted, hyaline, 16-18 x
3-4 /jt. Spermogonial stroma radiate-multilocular, about 1 mm. diam.,
rupturing the epidermis like the ascigerous stroma, from which it can
scarcely be distinguished outwardly. Spermatia allantoid, hyaline,

4 X 1 [JL.

On dead twigs of Nyssa, Newfield, N. J., with Cornularia his-
jiidula, (Ell.).

Differs from D. sociata, C. & E., in the absence of any circum-
scribing line.

D. nivosa, Ell. & Holw. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Pa. July, 1890.

Perithecia mostly 8-12, about f mm. diam., subcircinate, buried
in the unaltered substance of the bark which is raised in a pustulate
manner over them, contracted above into short necks with black, sub-
hemispherical, papilliform ostiola erumpent around the margin of a
snow-white disk rather less than 1 mm. diam., having the same general
appearance as V. nivea, Fr. Asci (p. sp.) about 60 x 12 [jl. Sporidia
subbiseriate, oblong, 4-nucleate, uniseptate, constricted, 12-16 x3-4 ft,
straight or very slightly curved. There is no black, circumscribing
line around the stroma.

On dead alders, Isle Royale, Lake Superior (Holway).

I), conjuncta, (Nees.)

Sph&ria conjuncta, Nees. Syst. p. 305, fig. 337.
Diaporihe conjuncta, Fekl. Symb. p. 206.

Perithecia circinate, globose, crowded, with short necks and with
elongated-cylindrical, smooth ostiola thickened at the tips and joined
in a round or transversely elongated, slightly projecting disk. Asci
clavate, sessile, 8-spored, 63-78 x 10 12 fi. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid,
slightly attenuated at the ends, inequilateral, septate in the middle.
not constricted, hyaline, 17-20 x 3|-4 pu

I). Comptoniae, (Schw.)

Sphceria Comptonicz, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1353.

Diaporthe Comptonice, E. &. E). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 234.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2364.

437

Perithecia immersed in pustules formed of the scarcely altered
substance of the inner bark, 4-12 together, globose, black, 200 ju or
over diam., contracted above into slender necks with the ostiola
barely piercing the pustulate-raised epidermis. The pustules are often
thickly scattered and subconfluent. Asci about 50 x 7 /*, clavate,
aparaphysate. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, 4-nucleate, then uniseptate,
scarcely constricted, straight or slightly curved, 1 6-20 x 2|-3 ju, attenu-
ate-acuminate at each end.

On Comptonia asplenifolia, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

On old dead stems of Comptonia, the cracks in the outer bark
often extend entirely around the stem, and in these cracks the necks
of the perithecia, which were at first enclosed in the bark, are exposed,
projecting in fascicles, or often in a continuous series half way round
the stem, but their tips scarcely rise above the surface of the bark.
The specc. of S. Comptonice, Schw., in Herb. Schw., do not afford
any fruit, so that we cannot certainly say that what we have here
described as D. Comptonim, (Schw.), is really what he designated
under that name. The outward appearance, however, of the specc. in
the Schweinitzian collection is the same as that of the specc. we have
referred to that species.

D. phomaspora, (C. & E.)

Valsa phomaspora, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 10.
Valsa {Cry ptosporella) phomaspora, Cke. Syn. 1938.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 179.

Pustules covered by the slightly raised epidermis, scattered, small,
about 1 mm. diam. Perithecia 4-8 in a stroma, minute (150 /i), sub-
circinate in a cortical stroma which is a little paler than the surround-
ing portions of the bark, ovate-conical, necks short, converging, with
the fascicle of minute ostiola barely visible through short, transverse
cracks in the thick epidermis. Asci oblong-clavate, rounded above at
first, then fusoid, 40 x 6-7 //, sessile, 8-spored, aparaphysate. Sporidia
biseriate, fusoid-elliptical, 4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate, hyaline,
8-10x2i-3i ft.

On dead stems of My rica cerifera, Newfield, N. J.

D. Ontariensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia 2-6 together, about \ mm. diam., in a depressed-hemi-
spherical, cortical stroma with a black outer stratum penetrating the
wood. Ostiola at first conical, then umbilicate, thick and stout, erum-
pent in a black, carbonaceous disk which raises the epidermis into
distinct pustules. Asci lanceolate, p. sp. about 65x12 /i. Sporidia
biseriate, elliptical, uniseptate and constricted, obtuse, hyaline, 12-15 x
-6|>.

438

On maple limbs, London, Canada (Dearness).

This is closely allied to D. pustulata, Desm., but the specimens
of that species in Desm. PI. Crypt. 1755, have the sporidia fusiform,
4-nucleate, acute, and only 3-3| (i thick, and the black stratum en-
closing the stroma is thicker and harder, both perithecia and stroma
coming off with the bark, which is not the case with th« Canada
specimens.

D. Robergeana, (Desm.)

Sphcsria Robergeana , Desm. Not. 19, 1851, p. 11,
Diaporthe Robergeana, Niessl, Rab. F. F. 2222.
Exsicc. Rab. F. F. 1. c— Desm. PI. Crypt. Fd. I, 2053, Fd. II, 1755.

Corticolous, immersed, minute. Perithecia 6-15 together, cov-
ered by the adnate epidermis, irregularly circinate, black, collapsing
to concave. Ostiola cylindrical, Converging, erumpent, prominent.
Asci subfusoid, 75 p long. Sporidia biseriate, subellipsoid, uniseptate.
or 2-nucleate, greenish-hyaline, 15x5 p..

On branches of Staphylea trifolia, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

D. Cratregi, (Curr.)

Valsa Cratczgi, Curr. Linn. Trans. XXII, p. 278, tab. 48, fig. 135a.
Diaporthe {Chorostate) Cratcegi, Fckl. Symb. p. 204.

Perithecia subvalsoid, tolerably compact. Ostiola slightly emerg-
ent, rather obtuse. Asci fusoid, 90-100x9-12 p, aparaphysate,
8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, subobtuse, 17-18x5-6 p,
uniseptate, slightly constricted, 4-nucleate, hyaline.

On dead ash branches, Cotskill Mts. N. Y. (sec. Peck 31st Rep.
p. 50).

** Sporidia appendicular.

D. galericulata, (Till.)

Valsa galericulata, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 203.
Diaporthe galericulata, Sacc. Syll. 2435, Cke. Syn. 2028.

Stroma cortical, disk obtuse, whitish, erumpent, dotted with the
8-10, round, black ostiola. Asci ovate-oblong, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate, lanceolate, slightly curved, uniseptate, with a short, bristle-
like appendage at each end, hyaline, 19-23 x 6| p. Spermogonium
(Fusicoccum) — spermatia fusoid, 6-10 x 3|-4 p.

On Fagus sylvatica. New York State (fide Peck).

D. decedens, (Fr.)

Sphceria decedens, Fr. in Kze. & Schm. Mycol. Hefte II, p. 49.
{Diaporthe decedens, Fckl. Syrnb. Nachtr. I, p. 31S)?

Perithecia in subcircinate groups of 8-12, semiiminersed in tin

439

wood and covered by the bark, which is only slightly raised, about J
nun. diam. t Ostiola stout, short, obtuse, papilliform at the apex and
soon perforated, not joined in a disk but erumpent singly, and only
slightly convergent. Asci (sec. Fckl.) 70-80 xd jut. Sporidia lanceo-
late-oblong, septate in the middle, hyaline, acutely appendiculate at
each end, 12x4 fi.

On dead limbs of Coryhis, Iowa (Holway).

We have no authentic spec, of D. decedens, but the Iowa specc.
agree so well with the description of that species that we have referred
them to it. The sporidia were 12-15 x4-4| //, uniseptate and dis-
tinctly constricted in the middle, ends obtuse. There were no append-
ages visible, but as the specc. were rather old, these may have disap-
peared; nor is it unusual in this genus for sporidia at first acute, to
become obtuse at maturity.

D. marginalis, Pk. 39th Rep. p. 52.

Pustules numerous, covered by the epidermis which is somewhat
elevated. Perithecia valsoid, 8-15 in a pustule, nestling in the inner
bark, with no circumscribing line, the ostiola slightly emergent, black,
surrounding the margin of the whitish pulverulent, erumpent disk.
Asci subcylindrical, 65-75 x 10-12 fjt. Sporidia crowded or biseriate,
uniseptate, obscurely apiculate at each end, 20-23 x 5-7 jut.

On dead branches of Alnus viridis, New York.

Externally like Valsa ambiens. In the larger pustules the osti-
ola form a marginal circle around the disk, but in the smaller ones they
sometimes emerge centrally and obliterate the disk.

D. epimicta, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 495.— Rab. F. K. 3154-

Stromata scattered, cortical, orbicular, about 3 mm. diam., convex,
brownish-black outside, subcinereous within, with a faint, circumscrib-
ing line, which does not penetrate the wood. Perithecia 6-10 in a
stroma, subglobose, about J mm. diam., subcircinate, necks short, end-
ing in the black, roughish, hemispherical ostiola erumpent in a black
disk surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Asci (p. sp.) about 50 x
8 ft, clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, hyaline, 3-4-nucle-
ate, becoming uniseptate, 12x8/*, with a bristle-like appendage at
each end about half as long as the sporidium. *

On dead stems of Ilex verticillata, Newfield, N. J., also sent from
Plainfield, N. J., by Mr. G, F. Meschutt.

Issued in N. A. F. as Diatrype Badhami, Curr., from which
(sec. authentic specc.) it is quite distinct.

L40

D. cercophora, (Ell.)

Valsa cercophora, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. gy.
Diaporthe cercophora, Sacc. Syll. 6097.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1 187.

Perithecia few, 4-6, rather large, imbedded in a subcarbonaceolls
stroma, which is limited by a black line penetrating the wood. Ostiola
stout, obtuse, with a large opening, united in a subcorneal disk, which
pierces the epidermis and rises slightly above it. Asci clavate-cylim
drical, 75-85 x 10-12 fi. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, con-
stricted in the middle and uniseptate, appendiculate at each end, 10-
15 x 2f-4 fi, hyaline.

On dead limbs of Ilex opaca, Newfield, N. J.

The appendages, which are finally absorbed, are as long as or
longer than the sporidium itself, and the upper one generally recurved
at the end.

D. taleola, (Fr.)

Sph<zria taleola, Fr. Syst. Mycol. II, p. 391.
Valsa taleola, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 41 1.
Aglaospora taleola, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 168.
Diaporthe taleola 1 Saec. Syll. 2426.
Exsicc. Desm. PL Crypt. Ed. I, 2054, Ed. II, 1754.— Rab. F. E, 821.— Cke. F. Bfit. Ser. I
252, Ser, II, 231.

Stroma cortical, with a black, circumscribing line which does not
penetrate the wood, only slightly raising the bark, depressed-pulvinate,
2-4 mm. across, closely covered by the epidermis. Perithecia not
numerous (4-10), buried in the inne'r bark, with their ostiola converg-
ing and commonly erumpent in a small, light-colored disk, but not
projecting, and often scarcely visible. Asci cylindrical, 120-140 x
10-12 //, (paraphysate) ? Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, uniseptate,
constricted, with a setaceous appendage about as long as the sporidium
at each end, and often with 2-3 similar ones at the septum, 15-22 x
8-9 p. (20-25 x 7-10 /i, Winter).

On dead oak limbs, Pennsylvania (Schw.), Iowa (Holway). Allied
to Melanconis.

D. oxyspora, (Pk.)

Valsa oxyspora, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 73, pi. i, figs. 26-29.
Diaporthe oxyspora, Sacc. Syll. 2427.

Stromata scattered^ subconical, cortical, enclosed in a thin, black
sheet which penetrates to the wood, surrounded above by the tri-
angularly or stellately ruptured epidermis. Perithecia sunk to the
wood. Ostiola few and short, moderately exserted. Asci clavate,
about 40 x 8 fi (p. sp.). Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, uniseptate

441

and constricted, 4-nucleate, 12-15x3 ft, with a bristle-like appendage
at each end.

On dead oak limbs, New York. Sent also from Louisiana by
Mr. Langlois.

Cooke, in Valsei U. S. p. 121, makes this a Syn. of V. taleola, Fr.,
but we find it very different.

1). tessella, (Pers.)

Sphceria tessella, Pers. Syn. p. 48.
Valsa tessella, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 411.
Cryptospora tessella, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 78.
Valsa mucronata, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 74.
Diaporthe tessella, Rehm Asc. 176.

Stroma depressed-hemispherical, formed of the scarcely altered
substance of the bark, but surrounded by a black, enveloping crust
visible through the epidermis as a small, grayish-black circle 2-3 mm.
diam. Perithecia few (4-6), deeply bedded in the stroma, sunk to
the subjacent wood which is slightly blackened on the surface, but not
penetrated by any circumscribing line. Ostiola separately erumpent,
but not projecting, perforated and often umbilicate. Asci oblong-
fusoid, attenuated at each end, stipitate, 100-130 x 18-22 //, Sporidia
mostly biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, slightly curved, with a short,
slender appendage at each end, 48-52 x 7-8 ju.

On dead Avillow limbs, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.), Iowa
(Holway). Described from the Iowa specc.

D. tessera, (Pr.)

Sphceria tessera, Fr.' S. M. tl, p. 405.
Diaporthe tessera, Fckl. Symb. Nach.tr. I, p. 318.
Rxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 592.— Kze. F. Sel. 119.— Thura. M. U. 1261.

Perithecia 3-10 together, subcircinate, buried in the Unchanged
substance of the inner bark which is raised into indistinct pustules
a little paler in the center and barely pierced by the minute, black
ostiola. The groups of perithecia are very numerous and lie close to-
gether almost entirely filling the bark, but there is no discoloration.
Asci oblong-fusoid, 8-spored, 60-70x10-12 /jl. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong-fusoid, uniseptate and constricted (finally 3-septate), 15-22 x 5
-7 fi.

On dead limbs of Coryhis, New York (Peck), Iowa (Hoi way), on
{Jovylas rostrata, California (Harkness).

D. obsciira, (Pk.)

Valsa obsciira, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 73.
Diaporthe obscura, Sacc. Syll. 242s.
Fxsicc. F,ll. N. A. F. 877.

56

442

Stromata cortical, not discolored, minute, about I mm. diam., sank
to the wood. Perithecia 3-8. Ostiola short-cylindrical, obtuse, per-
forated, erumpent in a short, compact fascicle rising from the center of
the pulvinulate stroma, and rupturing the closely enveloping epidermis
in a stellate manner. Asci subcylindrical. Sporidia crowded or bi-
seriate, oblong, a little narrower at one end, obscurely uniseptate, hya-
line, with a minute bristle at each end, 7-8 x 2 /i, 2- or more-nucleate.

On dead stems of Rubus strigosus, New York and New Jersey.

D. syngenesia, (Fr.)

Sphtzria syngenesia, Fr. S. M. II, p. 382.
Valsa syngenesia, Fr. Summa, p. 411.
Diaporthe syngenesia, Fckl. Symb. p. 204.
Diatrype FrangulcE, (Pers.), Cke. Hndbk. II, p. 816.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 601.— Kze. F. Sel. 120, 349.— Rab. F. F. 1249, 2525.— Sydow, M. March.
264.— Thum. F. Austr. 697.— id. M. U. 2171.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser.i, 238, Ser. 2, 222.

Stroma mostly conical, adnate to the wood, concentrically substri-
ate, black, dusky inside, about 2 mm. diam.' Perithecia 5-9 in a
stroma, sphaeroid, black. Ostiola bound together in a compact disk
which raises the epidermis in a pustuliform manner and ruptures itr
but scarcely rises above it. Asci sessile, cylindric-clavate, 54-58 x 7-
9 //, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, 4-nucleate, greenish-
hyaline, 13-15 x3| fij with a short, bristle-like appendage at each end.

On dead limbsT Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.). (Syn. N.
Am. 1321.)

D. sulphurea, Fckl. Symb. p. 205.

Melanconis ? umbonata, Sacc. Mycol. Ven. Spec. p. 126, tab. XII, figs. 39-41 (fide
Winter).
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2539.— Kunze F. Sel. 350.

Stromata scattered, slightly convex, orbicular or elliptical, seated
on the inner bark and covered by the epidermis, which is raised into
slight pustules, but not discolored, 2-3 mm. diam., sulphur-yellow.
Perithecia 4-10 in a stroma, subcircinate, bedded in the bark, globose,
at length flattened, tolerably large, their ostiola united in a small.
round, or subelliptical, erumpent disk which rises but slightly above
the epidermis. Asci subclavate or fusoid, sessile, 80-90x12-14 fi.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong, jiarrowed and ronnded at the ends, septate
in the middle, 20-24 x 7 /*, with a small, globose appendage at each
end.

On dead branches of Corylus rostrata, Ganesvort, N. Y. (Peck).

443
D. decipiens, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. IV, p. 6.

Exsicc. Kze. F. Sel. 350.— Thiim. M. U. 469.— M. March, 984.— Rab. F. E. 2421.

Perithecia 5-15 in a pustule, circinating in a sulphur-yellow
stroma formed of the altered substanee of the bark, depressed-globose,
| mm. 01* a little more in diam., contracted into slender, convergent
necks, with their papilliform, minute, black ostiola erumpent mostly
around the margin of a small, flat, circular, yellowish disk which
pierces the epidermis, but scarcely rises above it. Asci (p. sp.) 70-75
x 12-15 p, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, uniseptate,
each cell nucleate, hyaline, 15-20 x 5-7 p, with an obscure apiculus at
each end.

On bark of dead Carjnnus, London, Canada (Dearness).

The yellow color of the stroma is sometimes very distinct, and
again scarcely perceptible. It is doubtful whether this is more than a
form of D. sulphured, Fckl.

D. Hystrix, (Tode).

Sphceria Hystrix, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 53, tab. XVI, fig. 127.
Diaporthe Hystrix, Sacc. F. Ven. IV, p. 6.
Exsicc. Roum. F. Gall. 76— EH. N. A. F. 89?

Perithecia collected in valsoid groups lightly covered by the
pustulate, superficial layer of the inner bark, ovate-globose, 12-20 in
a stroma. Ostiola erumpent together, but not confluent, about \ mm.
long, obtusely pointed and mostly smooth at the apex, black and
brittle. Asci subfusoid, 8-spored, p. sp. 40-45x8-9 ji. Sporidia
inordinate or subbiseriate, cylindric-fusoid, very slightly curved, uni-
septate and slightly constricted in the middle, with a short appendage
at each end, hyaline, 10 x 3 ji.

On bark of Acer rubrum, Newfield, N. J.

The specc. in N. A. P. are in poor condition and uncertain, but
probably this species.

D. glyptica, (Berk. & Carrey.)

Valsa glyptica, Berk. & Currey, Grev. IV, p. loo.
Diaporthe glyptica, B. & Curr. Sacc. Syll. 2433. Cke. Syn. 2026.

"Quite covered by the bark, which is merely pierced by the osti-
ola, surrounded more or less evidently by a black line. Sporidia fusi-
form, sometimes sigmoid, uniseptate, 45-50 /£ long."

On willow, South Carolina (Berk.)

Cooke, in the Valsei of the U. S., doubts whether this is distinct
from D. tessera, (Fr.), as the slight appendage? may have been over-
looked.

444

*"** Species imperfectly known.
D. carpinigera, (B. & C.)

Diatrype carpinigera, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 96, and Cke. Syn. 1617.
Diaporthe carpinigera, Sacc. Syll. 6092.

"Pustules small, black. Perithecia hidden. Sporidia oblong,
uniseptate, 14-1 5 ju long."

On hornbeam, Pennsylvania (Berk, in Grev. 1. c.).

D. innata, (B. & C.)

Valsa innata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 102.
Diaporthe innata, Sacc. Syll. 2440, Cke. Syn. 2032.

"Perithecia forming a flat, annular ring around the raised disk
within which the ostiola are concealed. Asci filiform. Sporidia in a
single row, oblong, slightly narrowed each way from the center, 7-8 ft
long."

On Castanea vesca, mountains of New York.

D. ciliata, (Pers.)

Sphceria ciliata, Pers. Syn. p. 35.
Diaporthe ciliata, Sacc. Syll. 2442.

Perithecia (sec. Winter) 10 or less together, circinating in the
inner bark, and covered by the pustuliform-raised epidermis, ovate,
converging. Ostiola long, slender, flaccid, diverging, smooth, 1-2
lines long. Sporidia (sec. Stevenson Add. to Cooke's Valsei of the
U. S.), naviculoid, biseptate, 12| x5/i.

On bark of dead limbs, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

D. sphendamnina, (B. & C.)

Diatrype sphendamnina, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 96, and Cke. Syn. 1608.
Diaporthe sphendamnina, Sacc. Syll. 2367.

" Pustules splitting the bark longitudinally, and overtopped by
its fragments. Ostiola short, cylindrical. Asci clavate. Sporidia
uniseriate, narrow, hyaline."

On Acer rubrum, Pennsylvania (Michener).

D. lixivia, (Fr.)

{Sphceria lixivia, Fr. S. M. II, p. 385)?

Valsa lixivia, Cke. Vals. U. S. No. 124, Sacc. Syll. 2410.

Stromata small, yellowish. Perithecia small, subglobose, black,
loose, ("laxis"). Ostiola fasciculate, granulose, becoming relaxed
(" relaxatis "). Sporidia lanceolate, uniseptate and constricted, 4-nu-
cleate, 12 ft long.

On bark of Juglans cinerea, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

445

D. tortuosa, (Fr.)

Sphtzria tortuosa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 395.

Valsa tortuosa, Cke. Valsei of the U. S. 125, Cke. Syn. 2033.
Diapor the tortuosa, Sacc. Syll. 2441.

Peritbecia globose, glabrous, smooth, circinate-crowded in the
substance of the inner bark, and covered by a subprominent, cortical
pustule. Ostiola converging- within the pustule, then fasciculate-erum-
pent, short, subdivergent, nearly smooth or elongated, deflexed, sub-
nodose, with the habit of Calosphceria pulchella.

In Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1450, this species is said to have been
found in New Jersey, on a pine limb infested with Peridermium Pini;
very rare.

The spec, in Herb* Schw. labeled Sphceria tortuosa, Fr., is the
Caliciopsis pinea, Pk., which is certainly not the Sphceria tortuosa,
Fr. Whether Schweinitz was mistaken in his determination, or the
error has resulted from some confusion of labels, we can not say, but
incline to the former alternative, as the name (in Schweinitz' hand-
writing apparently) is written on a piece of paper to which the speci-
men is glued.

B. Perithelia gregarious, more or less sunk in the wood, which is

often blackened on the surface and circumscribed by

a black line within [Euporthe).

* On dicotyledonous plants.

(a) Arboricolce.

D. concrescens, (Schw.)

Sphceria concrescens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1301.
Diaporthe concrescens, Cke. Grew XIII, p. 38.

Covered by a kind of black crust formed from the bark, trans-
versely erumpent, orbicular or elliptical, with the disk concave, sur-
rounded by the substel late-ruptured epidermis and an elevated margin.
1-1 1 cm. long. In this crust the perithecia are partly sunk, globose-
depressed, minute, attenuated above into a cylindrical ostiolum rather
thick and somewhat exserted. Perithecia with a light-colored
nucleus, at length changing their form and becoming conic-cylindrical.
Sporidia (sec. Cke. 1. c.) fusiform, 4-nucleate, then uniseptnte, 12 p.
long.

On dead stems of Ribes aurcum (cult.), Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Allied to D. recondita, Schw., but differs in its longer sporidia.
as well as in some other characters. Considered by Schweinitz as a
good species and quite distinct.

446

D. Peckii, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 713.

Diapovthe sparsa, Pk. 39th Rep. p 52.

Perithecia few, minute, scattered, immersed in the wood, which
is blackened on the surface. Asci clavate or subcylindrical, 75-87 x
7 J— 10 //. Sporidia crowded, oblong or subfusoid, hyaline, uniseptate
and constricted at the septum, 4-nucIeate, 20-27 x 5-8 //.

On dead branches of Rhus Toxicodendron, New York.

D. Megalospora, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,
p. 235.

Perithecia globose, |-| mm. diam., scattered, buried in the wood,
which is blackened on the surface but remains white within, abruptly
contracted above, and prolonged into a long (2-3 mm.), rough, sub-
tlexuous ostiolum. Asci (p. sp.) 70-90 x 10-12 jx. Sporidia biseriate.
oblong-fusoid, slightly curved, uniseptate and constricted at the sep-
tum, each cell with 1 or 2 large nuclei, acute at the ends, 25-35 x
4£-5| fi. Narrower than in D. leucosarca.

On dead wood of Sambucus Canadensis, Manchester, Mass.
(W. C. Sturgis).

D. gorgonoidea, Cke. & Hark. Grew XIII, p. 18.

Stroma effused, covered by the easily separable bark, blackening
the surface of the wood, or forming an interrupted crust, limited within
by a black line. Perithecia globose, immersed in the wood, mostly
much crowded. Ostiola cylindrical, slender, flexuous, much elongated.
Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, straight,
4-nucleate, at length 2-celled, hyaline, 15-17 x 3 ju.

On Australian Acacia, California.

Closely allied to D. medusma and D . fascicidata.

D. cryptica, Nitschke, Pyr. Germ. p. .265.

Exsicc. Sydow, M. March. 2239.

Stroma variously effused, covered by the unaltered bark, and
when this is removed, the surface of the wood is seen to be marked
and spotted with variously shaped areas bounded by a black line
which penetrates the wood. Perithecia scattered, or here and there in
small groups or clusters of 2-4 together, sunk more or less deeply
into the wood, globose or angular from mutual pressure, J-| mm.
diam. Ostiola thick, nodulose or ventricose, more or less elon-
gated, and mostly curved or decumbent. Asci clavate, p. sp. 45-50 x

447

6-7 p, oblong-clavate. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, 3-4-nucleate,
hyaline, obtuse, slightly curved, 12-15 x 3|-4 fx.

On dead stems of Lonicera (cult), Newfield, N. J.

D. biglobosa, (C. & E.)

Sphceria biglobosa, C. & E. Grew VII, p. 9.
Diaporthe biglobosa, Sacc. Syll. 2478, Cke. Syn. 2250.

Covered by the blackened epidermis. Perithecia depressed.
Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseptate, strongly constricted, hyaline,
14 x 7 fiy cells globose.

On Sassafras, Newfield, N. J.

Our specc. are lost or mislaid.

D. spiculosa, (A. & S.)

Sphceria spiculosa, A. & S. Consp. p. 16.

Valsa circumscripta, Mont. Syll. p. 220.

Valsa tortuosa, Fckl. Enum. Fungi Nas. p. 55.
Diaporthe spiculosa, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 256.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E- 2045.— Rehm Asc. 430.— Thum. M. U. 868.

Stroma widely effused, surrounding the branch or stem, or occu-
pying numerous small spots, or areas, mostly covered by the bark, but
sometimes exposed, surface of the wood blackened with a circumscrib-
ing line penetrating deeply. Perithecia loosely scattered or here and
there crowded in subvalsiform groups, small, globose, partly or wholly
sunk in the wood. Ostiola cylindrical, erumpent, spine-like or, by the
pressure of the enclosing bark, deformed and bent. Asci cylindrical
or subclavate, sessile, 8-spored, 50-60 x 7-9 ju. Sporidia biseriate or
oblique, narrow-fusoid, 12-15 x 3 />«, scarcely constricted.

On dead stems of Sambucus, New York to Louisiana.

D. tumulata, (C. & E.)

Sphceria tumulata, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 49.
Diaporthe tumulata, Sacc. Syll. 2452, Cke. Syn. 2223.

Perithecia scattered irregularly or subcircinate, 2-8 together
buried in the surface of the wood, about \ mm. diam., globose, abruptly
contracted above, their slender necks converging and emerging from
the bark in a little fascicle of short (J-l mm.), black ostiola, with
abruptly swollen tips, the bark being raised into slight pustules around
them. Stroma variable in extent, 1-3 or more centimeters long and
|-1 cm. wide, consisting of the scarcely altered substance of the wood,
and surrounded by a black line penetrating deeply. Asci p. sp.
45-55 x 7 fi, fusoid-oblong. Sporidia biseriate or obliquely uniseriate,

448

fusoid-oblong, 4-nucleate, hyaline, subacute, slightly constricted in the
middle, straight, 11-14x3-4 p..

On dead stems of Gorylus Americana, Newfield, N. J.

D. rec6ndita, (Schw.)

Sphceria recondita, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1300.

Perithecia sunk in the wood, depressed-globose, with very long,
rough ostiola protruding here and there through the epidermis which
is finally thrown off, revealing the black, indefinitely effused, crus-
taceous stroma.

On dead stems of Ribesfloridum, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The specimen in Herb. Schw. has fusoid-oblong, hyaline sporidia
5-7 xlj fju

D. subpyramidata, (B. & C.)

Eutypa subpyramidata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 97.
Diaporthe subpyramidata, Sacc. Syll. 2456, Cke. Syn. 2227.

" Effused; perithecia of a somewhat pyramidal shape, forming a
rasp-like stratum. Asci lanceolate, much attenuated below. Sporidia
laconical, each division much attenuated."

On oak, North Carolina.

No measurements of asci and sporidia given*

D. griseo-tingens, (B. & C.)

Sphceria griseo-tingens, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 148.
Diaporthe griseo-tingens, Sacc. Syll. 2490, Cke. Syn. 2262.

" Gregarious, forming little detatchecl or continuous, short, linear
prominences, marked with the ostiola. Asci clavate. Sporidia ob-
liquely fusiform, 20 //. long."

On Juniperus Virginiana, Pennsylvania.

** On dicotyledonous, herbaceous plant's*
D. apiculosa, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. IX, p. 19.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 787.

Perithecia scattered, small, buried in the substance of the stem,
which is uniformly blackened on the surface. Ostiola rather stout,
slightly projecting. Asci oblong-clavate, 40-50 x 7 p., 8-spored. SjM
ridia biseriate, elliptical, 2-3-nucleate, with a faint apiculus at cacl
end, 8J-1© x %\ p.

On the lower part of the stems and the thick part of the roots oi
old Erigeron Canadensis, decaying on the ground, Newfield, N. J.

D. discrepans, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 568.

Perithecia gregarious, immersed in the more or less blaekcne<

449

stem, globose, \ mm. diam. Ostiola erumpent, short-rostellate. Asci
fasoid-cylindrical, subobtuse at each end, 65x8-9 ju, 8-spored, apar-
aphysate. Sporidia biseriate or oblique, cylindrical or subfusoid,
obtuse at each end, straight or curved, very slightly constricted in the
middle, 10-12 x 3|-4 fit, 4-nucleate, hyaline.

On stems of Pumex acetosella, New Jersey.

Var. Polygoni, E. & E., on dead stems of Polygonum acre,
Louisiana (Langlois 1351), differs only in the stems not being black-
ened.

D. Eburensis, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 60,

Stroma broadly effused, blackening the surface of the stem, but
without any black line within. Perithecia densely gregarious, not
deeply buried, | mm. or a little over in diam., subglobose. Ostiola
subcorneal, shortly (£-§ mm.) exserted and roughening the stem. Asci
fusoid, 70x10-11 /i. p. sp. 40x10 //), 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate,
fusoid, subobtuse, slightly curved, 15-18 x3-3| p. (15-16x4 /a Sacc),
constricted, uniseptate, 4-nucleate, hyaline.

On some large herbaceous stem, Iowa (Holway).

Differs from D. Arctii in its larger, constricted sporidia and
shorter, obtuse ostiola; from D. immersa and D. orthoceras, in it?
curved, constricted and larger sporidia.

D. Phacelise, Cke. & Hark. Grey. IX, p. 86.

Subeffused. Stroma blackening the inner surface of the bark.
Perithecia subglobose, immersed. Ostiola cylindrical, elongated, flex-
uous. Asci clavate, sessile. Sporidia straight, sublanceolate, 4-nucle-
ate, then uniseptate, 18 x3| /*.

On branches of Phacelia, California (Harkness).

I), euspina, (C. & E.)

Sphceria euspina, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 93.

Diapor the euspina, Sacc. Syll. 2535, Cke. Syn. 23H.

Thickly scattered, small, \ mm. diam., buried in the surface of the
woody stem just under the bark, which is blackened on the inner sur-
face, as is the surface of the stem when the bark falls away, but there
is no penetrating line or discoloration within. Ostiola erumpent,
short-cylindrical, obtuse. Asci clavate, p. sp. about 40 x 6 p. Spo-
ridia biseriate, fusoid, 4-nucleate, uniseptate, scarcely constricted,
hyaline, 10-13 x 2|-3 // (18 x 3 /i, Cke.). Resembling D. spiculosa.

On dead stems of Chenopodium album; mostly near the base,
Ncwfield, N. J.
57

450

1). salviicola, (C. & E.)

Sphceria salvicecola, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 93.

Diapor the salviicola, Sacc. Syll. 2525, Cke. Syn. 2301.

Peritliecia scattered or here and there gathered in groups of 3-5
or more, but not crowded, small, sunk more or less in the woody stem,
which is sometimes blackened on the surface, but is not penetrated by
any black line or otherwise discolored within. Ostiola erumpent,
conical or short-cylindrical, rather stout. Asci clavate-oblong, about
60x6/*. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, 4-nucleate, curved, hyaline, 1 5-
20x2|-3/^.

On dead stems of Salvia officinalis, Newfield, N. J.

D. Desmazierii, Niessl, Beitrag, p. 53.

Sphtxria inquilina, Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. II, No. 1766.
Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1 197. —Sacc. M. Ven. 1262.— Sydow, M. March. 2056.

Stroma effused, at length blackening the surface of the stem, which
remains unchanged within. Peritliecia scattered, small, pale at first,
buried more or less deeply. Ostiola acute and, when well developed,
|-| mm. long, cylindrical, slender. Asci oblong, sessile, 40-55 x
6-7 fx. Sporidia mostly biseriate, navicular-fusoid, mostly acute, both
ends usually slightly curved in opposite directions, yellowish-hyaline,
12-16x3-3 1 fi, uniseptate, scarcely or only slightly constricted.

On dead stems of Brunella vulgaris, Newfield, N. J.

Found mostly near the base of the stem. Higher up are peritlie-
cia filled with stylospores scarcely distinguishable from the ascospores.

r

D. Arctii, (Lasch.)

Sphceria Arctii, Iyasch. in Rab. Herb. Mycol. 1046.

Sphczria orthoceras, id. 1435.

Diapor the Arctii, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 268.

Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2337.— Kze. F. Sel. 133.— Rab. F. E. 2116, 2869.— Rehm Asc. 332, 668.

Thum. M. U. 173.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1793.— Krieger F. Sax. 236, 237.

Lin. F. Hung. 462.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 234.— (EU. N. A. F. 1194) ?

Stroma more or less effused, often covering the stem for a consid-
erable extent, surface mostly blackened, sometimes not discolored or
only gray, internally composed of the unaltered substance of the stem
surrounded by a thin, black layer. Peritliecia scattered, or here and
there approximated, entirely buried, mostly a little depressed, aboul
\ mm. diam., contracted into a slender neck, erum-pent in a cylindrical
or conic-cylindrical ostiolum, about as in D. orthoceras. Asci oblong-
clavate, sessile, 8-spored, 40-50 /i long, 6-8 p. wide. Sporidia biseriate,
fusoid, ends subacute, uniseptate, mostly slightly curved, scarcely con-
stricted, 10-14x3-3 J p (mostly about 12 ^ long).

451

On dead stems of Lcqipa major, New Jersey, and on Ambrosia
irifida, Louisiana, on wild parsnip, California (Harkness). Found in
Europe also on Cirsinm, Tanacetum, and other species of Compositm.

This is with difficulty distinguished from D. orthoceras, but differs
from that species in its rather acute, subinequilaternl or slightly curved
sporidia. Winter and Saccardo give the sporidia as 10-14 p. long.
We find the American specc. of D. orthoceras to have the sporidia
mostly shorter than in D. Arctii, about 8-10 ju,

D. adiinca, (Desm.)

Spkcsria adunca, Rob. & Desin. XIX. Not. p. 14.
DiaportJie adunca, Sacc. Syll. 2514.
Exsicc. Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I> 2071.— Kunze F. Sel. 134.

Perithecia buried, with the apex slightly pustuliform-prominent,
small (150-200 //), often slightly elongated, scattered or sometimes
two lying close together. Ostiola short-cylindrical, exserted, 150-200
x 75-80 ft. Asci oblong-clavate, sessile, 35-40 x 6-7 ju, aparaphysate.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, mostly straight, uniseptate, but not
constricted, 12-15 x3-4 //, ends subacute, hyaline.

On dead scapes of Plantago lanceolata, Newfield, N. J.

The part of the scape occupied by the fungus, soon becomes uni-
formly blackened on the surface, but is not discolored within. The
foregoing diagnosis is drawn from the specc. in Desm. Exsicc. the
Newfield specc. not being well matured.

D. placoides, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata elliptical, 1-3 x 1 mm. diam., or about that, black on the
surface, white within, but limited by a distinct black line, gregarious,
at first covered by the epidermis and not prominent, but when the
epidermis falls away, standing out like little black, elliptical shields or
disks. Perithecia often only one or two in a stroma, very small, 100-
150 p. diam., buried in the surface of the stroma, with the papilliform
or conic-papilliform ostiola projecting. Asci oblong-fusoid, 35-40 x
6 /i, 8-spored, aparaphysate, Sporidia biseriate, narrow-elliptical >
3-4-nucleate, hyaline, not constricted, 7-8 x 3^ p.

On decaying stems of Lactuca Canadensis, Newfield, N. J.

The stromata, especially near the base of the stem, are sometimes
confluent. Outwardly there is a strong resemblance between this and
D. Gladioli.

D. orthoceras, (Fr.)

Sphceria orthoceras, Fr. Elench. II, p. 97.
Diaporthe orthoceras, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 270.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 897.— Kze. F. Sel. 130, 131, 132, 353.^Rehm A.sc. 331, 523.— Rab. F. E-
534.— Thum. M. U. 974.

^>

452

Stroma effused, short and narrow or continuous and surrounding-
the entire stem, which is finally blackened on the surface and pene-
trated by the black, stromatic lines. Perithecia globose or sub-
depressed, scattered irregularly or oftener in closely packed groups,
buried in the matrix, attenuated above into short necks. Ostiola more
or less elongated, with a conical base, more or less nodulose, generally
straight, moderately exserted. Asci oblong-clavate, 8-spored, 40-50 x
6-8 p. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, mostly straight, 2-celled, not con-
stricted, subobtuse, 3-4 nucleate, hyaline, 10-14 x 3-4 p.

On dead stems of Solidago, Aster, and Achillea, New Jersey.

Yar. Lactucm, E. & E., has the surface of the stem uniformly
blackened, and the sporidia only 8-10 a long. On dead stems of
Lactuca Canadensis, New Jersey and Louisiana,

D. aculeata, (Schw.)

Sphceria aculeata. Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1287.
Diapor the aculeata, Sacc. Syll. 2534, Cke. Syn. 2310.
Exsicc. Hll. N. A. F. 589 (as D. spiciclosa).

Extensively and indefinitely effused. Perithecia deeply buried in
the substance of the stem, depressed-globose, black, scattered, their
long, cylindrical ostiola erumpent through a thin, black crust, lying
just beneath the thin cuticle, and at length exposed, or where more
scattered, rising through a small, elongated, black, superficial tubercle.
Asci p. sp. about £5 x 7 p. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, with 4 large
nuclei which, by crowding against each other, causethe sporidium to
appear 3-septate, not constricted, ends subacute, 11-13 x2|-3 pu

On dead stems of Phytolacca decandra. Common wherever this
plant is found.

D. seiniinsciilpta, Sacc. Syll. 2528.

Sphczria semiimmersa, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 146. (non Nits.)

"Perithecia immersed below, above subcylindrical or subcorneal.
Sporidia linear, oblong, curved, 15 p long."

On dead herbaceous stems, Connecticut (Wright).

»** Qfl monocotyledonous plants.

I). Maydis, (Berk.)

Sphceria Maydis, Berk. Hook. London Journ. Bot. Vol. 6, p. 326.

" Spots minute, elevated, often purple-brown, punctiform or sub-
elliptical, rarely linear, containing very few perithecia with a single.
broad-conical ostiolum. Sporidia oblong, slightly curved, uniseptate.

453

Habit that of Leptosjihceria arundinacea. Very different from
Sphceria (Diplodia) Zece, Schw."

On dead culms of Zea Mays, Cincinnati, Ohio (Lea).

On account of the raised spots, and broad-conical ostiola, this
seems distinct from D. Kellermanniana, Winter, and from D. incon-
grua, E. & E.

D. incongrua, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Diaporthe Keller manniana, Winter, in Journ. Mycol. II, p. 100 (not Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club, X, p. 49).

Stroma broadly effused, 5 or more centimeters long and nearly
surrounding the culm, which it penetrates and blackens on the inner
surface; the outside is also finely mottled with narrow-elliptical, dark-
colored spots about 1 mm. long, lighter in the center, and so numerous
and closely confluent as to cause the surface of the culm to appear, at
first sight, as if uniformly blackened. The whole area is limited by a
distinct black line, visible on the surface of the culm, especially at the
ends, where the stroma is often prolonged in narrow strips. Peri-
thecia scattered or subcespitose, sunk in the substance of the culm.
J-i mm. cliam., their long (1 mm.) rather crooked, black ostiola pro-
jecting, either singly or in little tufts of two or three together. Asci
lanceolate, about 40x7-8 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 4-
nucleatc and yellowish, becoming constricted and uniseptate, ends
rather obtusely pointed, 7-10 x 3 fx.

On decaying culms of Zea Mays, Kentucky and Louisiana.

The distinct stroma will distinguish this from D. Kellermannl-
ana. Winter, and the cylindrical ostiola, from D. Maydis, Berk.

D. Kellermaimiaiia, Winter, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 49.

Stroma none. Perithecia deeply immersed, depressed-globose,
membranaceous, black, 210-260 /i diam., erumpent. Asci oblong-
fusoid, 8-spored, 35-40 x 5-7 pu Sporidia oblong, often inequilateral,
rounded or subacute at the ends, uniseptate in the middle, not con-
stricted, 4-guttulate, 9-11 x3-3J fi.

On decaying culms of Zea Mays, Lexington, Ky. (Kellerman).

This seems quite distinct from either of the two preceding species.

D. Gladioli, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 101.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1794.

Perithecia sunk in the substance of the stem just below the epi-
dermis, which is blackened above them, forming elliptical, definitely
limited spots 2-3 mm. long or, by confluence, 1 cm. or more. Peri-

454

thecia about \ mm. diam., few, often only one or two in a spot, some-
times 6-8. Asci (p. sp.) about 40 x 6-7 /i, with a substipitate base.
Sporidia biseriate, subfusoicl, 7-10 x2J fi, 2-nucleate, becoming uni-
septate, hyaline. The ostiola project like slender, black bristles about
1 mm. long, but are easily broken off. This is very different from
Sphairella minimcepuncta, Cke., also on Gladiolus.
On dead stems of Gladiolus, Louisiana.

C. Perithecia gregarious, buried in the bark, which is mostly black-

ened on the surface, circumscribed (Tetrastaga).

* On dicotyledonous plants.

(a) Arboricolce.

D. Neillise, Pk. 39th Rep. p. 52.

Perithecia numerous, 250-270 p. diam., loosely and irregularly
aggregated in extensive patches, immersed in the inner bark, with
their bases often slightly sunk in the wood, covered by the epidermis,
which is pierced by the black, conical or rostellate ostiola. Asci sub-
cylindrical, p. sp. 55-75 x 7J-10 fi. Sporidia crowded or biseriate.
oblong or subfusoid, uniseptate and slightly constricted, 2-4 -nucleate,
12-17x5-7//.

On dead branches of Neillia opidifolia, Albany, N. Y.

The surface of the branch is rough to the touch from the project-
ing ostiola. The perithecia are sometimes clustered as in Valsa, and
often collapse below.

D. Conradii, Ell. Am. Nat. March, 1883, p. 816.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1 193.

Perithecia scattered, minute, depressed-spherical, barely covered
by the epidermis, not penetrating the wood or limited by any black
line. Ostiolum cylindrical, straight, rough, black, abruptly pointed
above. Asci subcylindrical, 35-40 x 6-7 fi. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-
elliptical, uniseptate, hyaline, scarcely constricted, 6-8 x 2|-3 p..

On dead stems and branches of Hudsonia tomentosa, New Jersey.

When the species was published in the Am. Nat., the host was
supposed to be Corema Conradii, hence the specific name.

D. densissinia, Ell. Am. Nat. March, 1883, p. 316. (Plate 33)

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1192.

Perithecia minute (J mm.), black, buried in the unchanged sub-
stance of the inner bark mostly in groups of 15-50, their short, subulate
ostiola slightly converging, but not united, and barely penetrating the

455

pallid, loosened epidermis, which soon disappears around them, so that
the bark of the affected shoots appears thickly dotted with little cir-
cular openings. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 40-45 x 5-6 fx. Sporidia
biseriate, fusiform, at first 4-nucleate, becoming 1-3-septate, 11-15 x
1 1-2 [i. There is a faint, bristle-like appendage at each end of the
young sporidium.

On dead shoots of Quercus coccinea, Newfield, N. J.

The upper part of the dead shoots for a foot or more is entirely
occupied by the fungus, which is definitely limited, but not sur-
rounded by any black line.

D. ilsculi, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 86.

Cortical, collected in elongated groups. Perithecia globose-
depressed. Asci lanceolate, sessile. Sporidia sublanceolate, straight,
4-nucleate, 18 x3| fi. *

On JEsculus Californica, in California (Harkness).

D. spina, Fckl. Symb. p. 210 (not Schw.)

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2257.— Krieger F. Sax. 139.— Kze. F. Sel. 136, 357.— Rab. F. F,. 1715.
Rehra Asc. 330.— Thum. M. U. 67.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, covered, immersed in the un-
altered substance of the bark, of medium size (J mm.), globose, black,
with a short, conical ostiolum about equal in length to the diameter of
the perithecium piercing the epidermis and slightly prominent. Asci
oblong-elliptical, 8-spored, sessile, p. sp. 40-50x5-10 /i, 35-40 x 15-
16 fi (Sacc), 38-48 x 5-7 fx (Winter). Sporidia overlapping, 2-3-
seriate, fusoid, curved, 4-nucleate, uniseptate, hyaline, about 20 x 2§ jx.

On dead limbs of Salix, London, Canada (Dearness).

Sphceria spina, Schw. is (sec. specc. in Herb. Schw.), Sphcero-
graphium Fraxini, (Pk.), and not an ascigerous fungus. There is
(sec. Winter) a small appendage on each end of the sporidia.

D. velata, (Pers.)

Sphceria velata, Pers. Syn. p. 32.

Diaporthe velata, Nitschke Pyr. Germ. p. 287.

Stroma widely effused, enveloping the limbs and twigs, the limit-
ing lines penetrating the wood, enclosing areas of various size and
shape, and blackening the inner surface of the bark. Perithecia evenly
scattered, buried in the surface of the inner bark, here and there 2-4
together, small, subglobose, soon depressed and even lenticular, ab-
ruptly contracted into a short neck, with thick, short, cylindrical or
subcorneal ostiola scarcely or only slightly exsertecl, or under the loos-

456

ened epidermis decumbent and longer. Asci narrow-fusoid, subsessile,
56-64 x 8-10 fi. Sporidia biseriate or oblique, narrow-fusoid, 4-nucle-
ate, subobtuse, straight or a little curved, uniseptate, rarely a little
constricted, hyaline, 10-15 x 3 /i.

* On dead limbs of Tilia, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.)

D. leucosarca, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1891,
p. 234.

Perithecia gregarious, thickly scattered and enveloping the limb
for several inches, depressed-spherical, about \ mm. diam., white
inside, closely covered by the epidermis which is raised into small,
lead-colored pustules pierced by the minute, punctiform ostiola. Asci
elongated-clavate, with abundant paraphyses, 8-spored, 80-114x20 //.
Sporidia oblique and overlapping or biseriate, broad fusiform, slightly
curved, uniseptate and constricted, with 1-2 large nuclei in each cell,
22-30 x 8-10 p..

On dead limbs of Carpinus Americana, London, Canada (Dear-
ness).

The bark is unaltered and there is no limiting line.

D. rostellata, (Fr.)

Sphceria rostellata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 476.
Diaporthe rostellata, Nitschke, Pyr. Gerin. p. 29S.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 930.

Perithecia thickly and evenly scattered over the stems, without
any distinct stroma, small (150-200 fi diam.), seated on and slightly
sunk into the surface of the inner bark, abruptly contracted into a
nearly cylindrical beak \-\ mm. long, erumpent through the epidermis
and making the dead canes rough and prickly to the touch. Asci
clavate, subsessile, 8-spored, 40-45 x 6-7 a. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid
or oblong-fusoid, 2-4-nucleate, often slightly constricted in the middle,
mostly a little curved, 12-15 x 3-3| /i, ends at first acute and faintly
appendiculate, finally obtuse and without any appendages.

On dead canes of Rubus villosus, common around Newfield, N. J.,
but often sterile. On stems of rose and Rubus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw).
on Rubus Nutkanus, California (Harkness).

The appendages on the sporidia are faint and easily overlooked,
but in the young sporidia, at least, they are certainly present. D.
vcpris, (de Lacr.) differs only in its smaller perithecia and sporidia,
the latter only 8 x 12 // long.

457
D. ophites, Sacc. Sjll. I, p. 679.

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1657, Sacc. M. V. No. 214.

Stroma broadly effused, mottling the surface of the bark and the
wood with oblong or variously shaped spots from 1 mm. to 1 cm. or
more long, with the black, limiting line penetrating the wood. Peri-
thecia gregarious, subglobose, of medium size, covered by the bark, and
more or less sunk in the wood. Ostiola erumpent, straight, slender,
spine-like, often 1 mm. long, but quite as often barely perforating the
bark. Asci fusoid, 8-spored, 50-60 x 9-10 /x. Sporidia biseriate,
short-fusoicl, uniseptate and constricted, 12-13 x 4|-5 /*, 4-nucleate,
subobtuse, hyaline.

On dead trunks and limbs of Hibiscus, New Jersey and Louisiana.

D. Wibbei, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 305.

Stroma mostly broadly effused, covering the entire stem and
branches, closely covered by the unaltered epidermis, through which
is visible the black, circumscribing line of the stroma. Perithecia
tolerably large, irregularly scattered or gregarious, or even collected
2-4 together in valsoid groups, at first globose, but soon depressed,
nestling in the bark, their apices more or less prominent, and raising
the bark into little pustules, their very short ostiola erumpent through
cracks in the epidermis, but scarcely projecting. Asci narrow-clavate.
sessile, 8-spored, 52-60 x8/i. Sporidia biseriate or oblique, narrow -
fusoid, subobtuse at the ends, cylindrical, straight, hyaline, 1-3-septate,
4-nucleate, not constricted, 16-18 ft long, 3 jul thick.

On dead branches of Myrica Gale, Adirondack Mts., N. Y.(Peck).

D. gallophila, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 90. »

Densely gregarious, perithecia subcuticular, depressed-hemispher-
ical, 200-250 fx diam., rugose. Ostiola cylindrical, obtuse, minutely
roughened, 150-200 ii long. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, 2-4-
nucleate, and mostly constricted, hyaline, slightly curved, when young
faintly appendiculate at each end, variable in length, 12-18 fi long.

On galls on dead canes of IZufais mllosns, and on the canes them-
selves, Newfield, N. J.

The parts occupied by the fungus appear to the naked eye as if
covered with a black pubescence, so thickly are they covered with the
hair-like ostiola. ' .

D. Lupini, Hark. Bull. Gal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 441.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1655
58

458

Perithecia gregarious, about § nun. diam., buried in the unaltered
bark and sunk to the wood, depressed-globose. Ostiola erumpent
singly, short-conic-cylindrical, black, rendering the branches rough to
the touch. Asci (p. sp.) oblong-fusoid, 50-60 x 9 p. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong-fusoid, 4-nueleate, uniseptate and constricted and easily separ-
ating at the septum, obtuse, hyaline, 12-16 x 4-4} p.

On branches of Lupinus arboreus, California.

Diagnosis drawn from specc. sent by Dr. Harkness.

D. Baccharidis, (Cke.)

Sphceria (Diaporthe) Baccharidis, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.
Diaporthe Baccharidis, Sacc. Syll. 2636,. Cke. Syn. 2424.
Exsicc. Kav. F. Am. 370.

Perithecia scattered, punctiform, covered by the epidermis, which
is blackened, slightly raised, and pierced by the short ostiola. Asci
clavate-oblong, sessile, 35 x 12 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid,
15 x 3-3} p, 3-4-nucleate (18-20 x3/i Cke.)

On Baccharis, Darienr Ga. (Ravenel).

D. Murrayi, (B. & €.)

Sphceria Murrayi, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 147.
Diaporthe Murrayi, Sacc. Syll. 2564.

" Perithecia covered by the cuticle, rather prominent. Asci lan-
ceolate. Sporidia oblong, constricted in the middle, with 4 nuclei,
probably septate when older. Each perithecium is surrounded exter-
nally with short, white hairs, but it is uncertain whether they belong
to the plant."

On apple, New England.

** On dicotyledonous, herbaceous plants.
D. mucronulata, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 568.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1 1961

Perithecia scattered or 2-3 lying close together in a line, covered
by the bark which is slightly raised and blackened, about \ mm. diam.
not circumscribed. Ostiola short-rostellate, emergent. Asci fusoidy
subobtuse at each end, 60x10 p, aparaphysate, 8-spored. Sporidu
biseriate or obliquely uniseriate, broad-fusoid, straight or curved, ends
acute and mucronulate, 14-15 x 6 p, faintly septate and constricted ii
the middle, 4-nucleate, hyaline.

On dead stems of Solid ago, not much decayed, Newfield, N. J.

D. Geranii, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 8.

Perithecia gregarious, immersed in the bark, often surrounded b]

459

a black line, sul globose, black, at first covered, matrix finally rimose-
fisSured, and the short ostiola emergent. Asci clavate. Sporidia
lanceolate, 4-nucleate, hyaline, 15-1 6x4 p.

On stems of Geranium, California (Harkness).

1). elephantina, Cke. & Hark. 1. c.

Pustules valsiform, rarely scattered. Perithecia buried in the
bark or attached to the wood, globose, black, with slender, cylindrical,
elongated, flexuous, emergent ostiola. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia lanceolate, 4-nucleate, soon uniseptate, hyaline, 12x3| p.

On stems of Geranium, California (Harkness).

D. Asclepiadis, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 98.

Stroma forming black patches on the surface of the stem J cm.
long or, by confluence, much longer, limited by a deeply penetrating,
black, circumscribing line. Perithecia scattered, globose, \ mm. diam.,
buried in the substance of the stem, but not deeply. Ostiola rather
stout, cylindrical, subobtuse, \-\ mm. long, Asci (p. sp.) 35-40 x 9 p.
Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, constricted in the middle, 3-4-nucleate,
subobtuse, 10-12 x 3-4 p.

On dead stems of Asclepias tuberosity Newfield, N. J., and on
Asclepias Cornuti, Iowa (Holway).

D. exercitalis, (Pk.)

Sphtzria exercitalis, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 66.

Diaporthe exercitalis, Sacc. Syll. 2641, Cke. Syn. 2429.

Perithecia minute, crowded, arranged in long strips, at first cov-
ered by the epidermis, which is at length ruptured in long cracks,
through which rise the short, spine-like, subacute ostiola; or oftener
the stem is more or less blackened and raised into oblong tubercles, or
elongated ridges, pierced, but not ruptured by the ostiola. Asci sub-
cylindrical, 42-50 x 6-7 p, subsessile. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-
fusoid, 4-nucleate, colorless, 12 x 2±-3 p.

On dead herbaceous stems, not much decayed, Catskill Mts., N. Y.
(Peck).

D. immutabilis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 9.

Stroma variously effused and interrupted, scarcely discoloring the
•surface of the stem, but limited by a black line within. Perithecia
scattered, globose, with short, punctiform ostiola. Asci clavate, 8-
spored. Sporidia biseriate, sublanceolate, straight or slightly curved.
2-4-nucleate, uniseptate, hyaline, 12-14x4 p.

On dead stems of Scrophularia, California (Harkness).

460

D. Phaseoloruin, (C. & E.)

Sphceria Phaseolorum, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 93.
Diaportlie Phaseolorum, Sacc. Syll. 2635, Cke. Syn. 2423.
Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 188.

Perithecia gregarious, buried, very small. Ostiola spine-like,
.slender, projecting for \-\ mm. Asci clavate, 30-35 x 6-7 p. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-lanceolate, 4-nucleate, scarcely or only slightly
constricted, 10-12 x3 p (16 p. long, Cke.).

On decaying bean vines left exposed through the winter, New-
field, N. J. Mostly around the nodes of the stem, the surface mostly
blackened and the stroma limited within by a black line.

D. Desmodii, (Pk.)

Sphceria Desmodii, Pk. 26th Rep. p. 87,
Sphceria desmodiana, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 93.
Diaporthe Desmodii, Sacc. Syll. 2633, Cke. Syn. 2420.

Perithecia scattered or seriately placed, minute, black, covered
by the epidermis which is pierced by the acute or narrowly conical
ostiola. Asci clavate, 35 x 5 p.. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, colorless,
2-4-nucleate, 8-10 x2J p.

On dead stems of Desmodium, New York and New Jersey.

In Grev. 1. c. the sporidia are given as 18 p long, but we can
make them only 10 p.

D. racemula, (C. & P.)

Sphceria racemula, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 65.
Diaporthe racemula, Sacc. Syll. 2629, Cke. Syn. 2417.

Perithecia cespitose, rugose, small, flattened, black, at length col-
lapsing, separating with the epidermis which is pierced by the elon-
gated ostiola. Asci clavate, sessile. Sporidia narrowly lanceolate,
colorless, 4-nucleate, 15 p long.

On dead stems of Epilobium angustifolium, New York.

VALSA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 140, emend. Sacc. Syll. I, p. 103.

Perithecia immersed in the bark, more or less distinctly cirdnat

and lying in a single layer. Ostiola entire, converging to the centei

and mostly united in a small, erumpent disk.

Stroma cortical, without any circumscribing line. Disk inosth

black. (Euvalsa Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 126).

* Microspores,. Sporidia not exceeding 8 p. long.

461
V. ceratophora, Till. Sel. Fung. Carp. II, p. 191.

Sphceria ceratosperma, Fr. S. M. II, p. 364.
Valsa Rosarum, De Not. Sfer. Ital. tab. 42, (sec. Winter).
Valsa Rubi, Fckl. Symb. p. 200, V. Rubi, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 72.
Valsa excoriansi, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 14.
Exsicc. Fekl. F. Rh. 606, 1567, 2260.— Kze. F. Sel. 346.— Rab. F. E. 2867.— Rehra Asc. 326,
525— Thura. M. U. 870— EH. N. A. F. 496, 864— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 251.

Stromata scattered, often standing close together, but not con-
fluent, orbicular or elliptical, varying from depressed-hemispherical to
conical, covered by the epidermis or erumpent, brown outside and
staining the adjacent bark the same color. Perithecia 5-20 in a
stroma, crowded, globose, small. Ostiola more or less elongated, slen-
der, cylindrical, smooth, mostly united at base with their tips more or
less spreading. Asci narrow-clavate, sessile, 32-40x4-5 jut. Sporidia
biseriate, allantoid, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 6-8 x l|-2 pu

On Betula, Quercus, Carya, Amelanchier, Viburnum, Cratae-
gus, Acer, Cornus, and Chionanthus, common.

The ostiola in all the American specc. we have seen, remain
short, projecting but little above the epidermis. They are often
clavate-thickened above. From a careful examination of the specc. of
V. excorians, in our Herb., we cannot separate this species from V.
ceratophora, Tul. The sporidia (6-8 x 1J //), and all the other char-
acters of V. excorians, agree so well with the specc. of V. cerato-
phora in the various Exsiccati, that it cannot safely be separated as
specifically distinct.

V. Americana, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 102.

Valsa Alni, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 103.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 191.

Pustules small (1| mm.), flat, covered by the epidermis which is
pierced by the small fascicle of short-cylindrical, black ostiola, which
are rounded or subcorneal at the apex. Perithecia 3-8 in a stroma,
small (J mm.), buried in the thin, inner bark, ovate-globose or sub-
angular from mutual pressure, necks short. Asci (p. sp.) oblong-fusoid.
20-25 x 5-6 fjt, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, only very
slightly curved, hyaline, 7-8 x l|-2 u.

On various shrubs and trees, Madura aurantiaca, Alnus.
Clethra, Vitis, &c, common.

V. coronata, (Hoff.)

Sphczria coronata, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 26.
Valsa coronata, Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 412.

Stromata scattered or approximated and' confluent at base, or-
bicular, about 1 mm. broad, convex, scarcely or only slightly proini-

462

nent, crowned with a very small disk, which penetrates the epidermis,
1 nit hardly rises above it. Perithecia 4-12 in a stroma, subcircinate,
buried in the unaltered substance of the bark, crowded, small, globose,
with very small, short, black and shining, crowded ostiola piercing the
small, flat disk. Asci narrow-clavate, sessile, 24-28 x 4 (i. Sporidia
biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, 6-7 xl| ft.

On dead twigs of Castanea and Big?ionia, Carolina (Curtis), on
dead limbs of Cornus, Canada (Dearness).

This appears to differ from V. ceratophora, Tub, in its smaller
disk, and perithecia only 4-12 in a stroma.

V. lutescens, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. IX, p. 1 11. .

v Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 876. ' **•

Stromata cortical, dark brown inside, conical, about Jfmm, broad
at base, not circumscribed, thickly scattered over the matrix. Peri-
thecia 10-20, subcircinate in the bottom of the stroma, small (J mm.
or less), necks converging, slender, with their short-eylindrical, stout,
obtuse, smooth or sometimes substellate-furrowed, soon broadly and
irregularly perforated ostiola erumpent around the conic-convex, sub-
coriaceous tobacco-brown disk. Asci lanceolate-clavate, 35 x 5-6 /i.
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, hyaline, 5-7 x 1J p.. Spermogonium
occupying the center of the stroma, pierced above, lined inside with
innumerable, slender, simple or branched basidia, bearing minute (4-5
x 1 fi)\ hyaline spermatia.

On dead limbs of Quercus coccinea, Newfield, N. J.

The wood beneath the stroma is generally tinged with yellow.
This differs from V. clausa, C. & E. in its smaller sporidia and smaller
perithecia.

V. Pini, (A. & S.)

Sphtzria Pini, A. & S. Consp. p. 20.
Valsa Pini, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 412.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 608.— Rab. F. E. 147, 634, 1013.— Rehm Asc. 432.— Sydow Myc. March.
477, 1950, 1829. — Thum. M. U. 2256 —Roum. F. G. 5028.

Stromata evenly scattered or subgregarious, hemispherical, 11-2}
mm. across, covered by the pustuliform-elevated epidermis, which is
pierced or ruptured by the closely packed, short ostiola with rounded
or obtuse tips, forming a black, flat or concave disk. Sometimes the
marginal ones and sometimes all are elongated (J-l mm.), but usually
they remain short. Perithecia very small but numerous, 20-30 in
a stroma, closely packed, globose, with short necks. Asci narrow-cla-
vate, sessile, 25-30 x 5-Q fi. Sporidia irregularly crowded, cylindrical,
curved, hyaline, 6-9 x 1 J [a.

463

On dead limbs of Larix Europwa, Newfield, X. J., and on
Pinus, New York and New England (Cke. Valsei of the U. S. No.
25\. The spermogonia are like the ascigerous stroma, only instead of
the black disk formed by the tips of the crowded ostiola, they arc
capped by a tubercujar-papilla which is at length pierced with a small
round opening, whitish-gray at first, finally darker. Spermatia 4 x 1 //..
issuing in yellow cirrhi.

The Newfield specc. agree perfectly with the European, only the
spermatia are about twice as long. Dr. Winter who examined the
specc. was of the opinion that the spermogonia did not belong to the
Valsa, \mt they are certainly very intimately associated. This species
is distinguished from V. Abietis and V. cenisia by its larger hemi-
spherical stromata and more numerous perithecia, but the three are
closely allied.

V. Abietis, (Fr.)

Sphczria Abietis, Fr. in Kze. & Schm. Mycol. Hefte, II, p. 47.
Sphceria pinastri, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. tab. 50.
Valsa Abietis, Fr. Summa, p. 412.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 606.— Rab. F. E. 2324, 3554.— Fll. N. A. F. 174.— Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser.
484.— Rehra Asc. 776.— Krieger F. Sax. 378.

Stromata irregularly scattered, depressed-conoid, small, covered
by the subpustulate-elevated epidermis, which is pierced by the dense
fascicle of short, or sometimes elongated-cylindrical ostiola, which are
globose, smooth, black and densely crowded. Perithecia 5-15 in a
stroma, small, globose or angular from pressure, with very short necks,
buried in the unaltered substance of the bark. Asci narrow-clavate.
sessile, 25-32 x 5-6 p. Sporidia irregularly crowded, allantoic!, slightly
curved, hyaline, 6-9xlJ-lJ a. Spermogonia in stromata similar to
the ascigerous ones, multilocular, narrowed above and erumpent, with
a light-colored disk pierced by a single pore (rarely by several). Sper-
matia slender, 3 x 1 /i.

On dead limbs of Pinus rigida and Ciq)ressus thyoides, New
Jersey, on Abies and Thuja, in Canada and probably in other parts
of the country.

V. cenisia, De Not. Sferiac. Ital. p. 38, tab. 44.

Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2139.— Tlumi. M. U. 571.— Rll. N. A. F. 177.

Stroma conic-truncate or depressed-hemispherical, covered by the
adherent epidermis, of a dark brown color, 1-2 mm. broad. Perithecia
2-20 in a stroma, subspherical or angular from mutual pressure,
densely crowded, with short necks and ostiola erumpent in a flat disk
or separate, short or subelongated, subcylindrical, rather stout, round-

464

ed at the apex and at length perforated. Asci cylindric-clavate, 30-
40x5-6 p (p. Bp. 25-30 x 5-6 p). Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, 6-12
xlJ-2 p. Spermogonia in similar stromata with a white disk and
large central pore, surrounded by smaller ones. Spermatia 5-7 x
1-1 J fi, erumpent in whitish cirrhi (when fresh), yellowish (when dry).

On dead limbs of Juniperus Virginiana, New Jersey and
Delaware.

Distinguished from V. Pini by its larger spermatia.

V. Friesii, (Duby.)

Sphceria Friesii, Duby Botan. Gall. II, p. 610.
Valsa Friesii, Fckl. Symb. p. 198.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 610.— Sydow M. March. 148.— Rab. F. E. 2537.

Stromata numerous, quite evenly scattered, depressed-conical,
sunk in the substance of the bark and raising the epidermis more or
less distinctly into pustules. Perithecia 6-10 in a stroma, subcircinate,
small, globose, buried in the unaltered bark, with very short necks.
Ostiola small, thickened, globose or ovate, acute or obtuse, black, with
a small, round pore; mostly crowded around the margin of a grayish-
brown disk, but sometimes occupying the entire disk. Asci narrow-
clavate, sessile, 40 x 6 p. Sporidia crowded, cylindrical, hyaline,
slightly curved, 10-12 x 1J-2 p.

On dead limbs of Abies bahamea, Adirondack Mts, N. Y. (Peck),
Canada (Dearness).

This species is peculiar on account of the spermogonia being pro-
duced oh the leaves. They are very small, obtuse-conical, with their
apices projecting and crowned with a grayish-black disk bearing a
small, perforated papilla. The interior divisions are radiately arranged.
Spermatia cylindrical, hyaline, curved, 4-5 x 1 \ p. Distinguished from
the two preceding species by its longer sporidia.

V. juniperina, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 144.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 195.— Rab. F. E. 2950.— Krieger F. Sax. 80.

Pustules covered by the slightly raised epidermis, which is pierced
by the pale, farinaceous disk. Perithecia few (3-6), buried in the un-
altered substance of the bark, Jmm. diam. or over, contracted
abruptly into slender, converging necks, with the conic-hemispherical,
slightly radiate-sulcate ostiola barely erumpent through the pale disk.
Asci clavate, 30-35x5-6 p. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, slightly
curved, hyaline, 6r8xlJ p.

On dead limbs and trunks of Juniperus, Virginiana, Carolina
and New Jersey.

465

The spermogonial stromata are outwardly like the ascigerous
Btromata, but radiate-eellular within. Spermatia minute. The spo-
ridia are smaller than in V. cenisia.

The speeimen in Raw F. Am. is entirely sterile, even the spermo
gonia being without fruit, but the specc. in the other Exsiccati quoted,
agree with this in outward appearance, and the sporidia are as stated
in Cooke's diagnosis of V. juniperi?ia, only there are no " elongated
cylindrical ostiola,'' ; unless the necks of the perithecia inclosed in the
stroma are reckoned as ostiola.

V. gossypina, Cke. Valsei of the U. S., No. 115.

Perithecia quarternate-circinate, covered, disk erumpent. Ostiota
not sulcate. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia allantoid, minute, hyaline, 5-6 a
long.

On branches of Gossypium, So. Carolina.

Has the habit of V. quaternata.

V. floriformis, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p
222. (Plate 33)

Stroma conic-hemispherical, about 2 mm. broad and 1| mm. high,
seated on the inner bark, and covered by the epidermis, which is either
pierced or sublaciniately ruptured by the thick fascicle of cylindrical
(1 mm. or more long), somewhat spreading, rather obtusely pointed
ostiola swollen just below the tip, and erumpent through a yellowish
disk which is soon obliterated. Perithecia numerous (25-50), packed
in a single layer in the lower part of the stroma, 1 x | mm. diam., ovate
or irregular from compression, contracted above into slender necks
which rise through the cinereous contents of the stroma, and terminate
above in the cylindrical ostiola. Asci (p. sp.) 35-40 x 5 .//. Sporidia
biseriate, cylindrical, hyaline, slightly curved, 6-7 x 1 J /*, 8 in an ascus.

On dead limbs of Populus monilifera, Missouri (Demetrio).

Differs from V. verrucula, Nits., in its long ostiola and smaller
asci and sporidia. Has much the same general appearance as V. sco-
paria, Schw., but ostiola not sulcate and asci and sporidia larger.

V. delicatula, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 10.

Valsa decidua, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. u, PI. 95, %■ "■
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 865.

Pustules small (1 mm.) prominent, orbicular or elongated, cov-
ered by the bark, except the minute ostiola, which are clustered in a
brown "disk. Perithecia shaped like a Florence flask, membranaceous,
the neck -equal in length to the perithecium or a little more or
slender, swollen at the apex, Spoyjdia sausage-shaped, 6-8 x 1
moderately curved. Asci clavate.
59

466

On dead stems of Andromeda racemosa, Vaccinium corym-

bomm, V. Pennsylvanicum, Azalea, Gaylussacia resinosa, Newfield,
N.J.

We find no definite characters to separate V. decidua from V.
delicatula. In both, the tips of the ostiola are more or less swollen,
but usually not as abruptly as represented in the figure in Grevillea.
The ostiola are united in a pale brown disk, which in very thrifty
specimens becomes obliterated. The deciduous habit is common to
both, and the sporidia, as we see them, do not differ appreciably in
size or shape. The perithecia (10-20 in a stroma) are of the same size
and shape in both.

V. Lavatera, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 8.

Stromata gregarious, immersed in the blackened wood, covered
by the epidermis. Perithecia 3-6 in a stroma, subglobose, black.
Ostiola elongated, cylindrical, slender, emergent. Asci clavate, 8-
spored. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 8x2//.

On stems of Lavatera assurgentifolia, California (Harkness).

V. ribesia, Karst, Myc. Fenn. II, p. 138.

Valsa agnostica, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 17.

Erumpent, subrotund, nestling in the bark, at first covered, then,
with the suborbicular disk, bare. Perithecia 8-12, subglobose, black,
collected in a pallid stroma. Ostiola short, straight, obtusely rounded,
shining. Asci subclavate, p. sp. 22-25 x 5-6 [i, 8-spored. Sporidia
allantoid, straight or somewhat curved, biseriate, hyaline, 6-7 xl| //.

On branches of Ribes, California and Canada.

We have seen no authentic specimen of V. ribesia, Karst., but <
the specc. of V. agnostica, from Harkness, are the same as collected
in Canada by Dearness, and both agree so well with the diagnosis of
V. ribesia, Karst, that we have no hesitation in referring them to that
species.

V. Lupini, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 8.

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1570.

Pustules small (1 mm.), numerous, prominent, black. Perithecia
4-8 in a stroma, collected in a subcorneal group. Ostiola minute, con-
verging, globose-conical, only slightly projecting, erumpent in a black
disk. Asci clavate, long-attenuated below, 75-80 x 6 //, 8-spored.
Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, nearly straight, 7 x 2 p..

On steins of Lupinus, California (Harkness).

V. Eucalypti, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 85.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 871.

467

"Erumpent, subrotund, convex, black. Perithecia oblong. Osti-
ola elongated, cylindrical, smooth, straight. Asci clavate, sessile.
Sporidia straight or slightly curved, ends obtuse, hyaline, 8-9 x 1 \ ft.
Pustules small, containing only 5-6 perithecia.''

On twigs of Eucalyptus, California.

The specc. in N. A. F. show mostly spermogonia, convex, black.
1^-2 mm. diam., with a central, perforated papilla. Cells numerous,
radiate. Spermatia cylindrical, hyaline, curved, 5x1 /i.

V. conspurcata, (Schw.)

Sphceria conspurcata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1336.

Valsa conspurcata, Stevenson Additions to Cooke's Valsei, No. no.

Conceptacle rather large, black, but covered, as well as the effused
black crust around the base, with a dirty brownish, pulverulent mass.
Several conceptacles are often confluent beneath the epidermis, which
is stellately ruptured with revolute laciniae. Perithecia rather large,
subcircinate, compressed in the conceptacle, surrounded by a cinereous-
brown stroma, with a horn-colored nucleus, necks elongated-connate.
Ostiola 6-12, short-cylindrical, rising together through the whitish or
cinereous disk, rounded and nearly smooth at the tips. Sporidia 6—6
xli-2/a.

On oak firewood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)

The description of the ostiola and sporidia was made from speci-
men in Herb. Schw.

V. modesta, (Schw.)

Sphceria modesta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1337
Valsa modesta, Stevenson 1. c.

Conceptacle nearly free in the inner bark, making a round, sub-
elevated tubercle, at length erumpent through the revolute-fissured
epidermis. Disk dark brown. Ostiola black, subprominent, rather
long, densely crowded, cylindric-conical, at length deciduous. Stroma
in which the perithecia lie, cinereous. Diameter of the conceptacle
2-3 lines.

On young branches of elm, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)
Sporidia (sec. Stevenson 1. c.) allantoid, hyaline. 7 J x3J a.

V. Toxici, (Schw.)

Sphceria Toxici, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1330.

Conceptacles rather large, suborbicular, closed below, black, ru-
gose, at first covered, finally exposed, often longitudinally confluent.
Ostiola collected in the center, round, obtuse, sometimes apparently
stellate. Perithecia oblong, crowded, narrowed into a neck, brown.

468

not black, included in a scanty, whitish (becoming brownish) stroma.
Sporidia allantoid, yellowish, 6-7 x 1 \ fi.

On branches of Rhus radicans. Frequent around Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schw.)

The Valsa Toxici in Cooke's Valsei of the U. S., with brown,
uniseptate sporidia is something else. The specc. in Herb. Schw. have
sporidia as stated above.

V. microspora, Cke. & Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 82, (1879).

Valsa minutella, Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Clubr XJr p. 27, (1884).

Pustules minute. Perithecia 6-20 in a pustule, nestling in the
bark, crowded, black. Ostiola black, erumpent in a minute ferrugi-
nous disk, which is closely surrounded by the ruptured epidermis.
Asci short, clavate or fusiform, scarcely pedicellate, 22-30x5-6 /i-
Sporidia allantoid, crowded, 5-6 [i long.

On bark of beech (F agusferruginea), Canada (Macoun).

The Canada specimens agree so well with the description of"
Valsa microspora, in Grevillea, and with specimens from Plowright,
that there can hardly be any doubt that V. minutella, Pk.r and V.
microspora, Cke. & Plowr,, are the same.

V. deformis, (Fr.)

Sph&ria deformis, Fr. S. M. II, 398.

Valsa deformis, (Fr.) Cke. Syn. & Stevenson in Add. to Cke. Valsei of the U. S

Pustulate, irregular. Stroma pulverulent, ferruginous. Ostiola
solitary or aggregated, globose, at length rostellate.

On oak limbs, Bethlehem^ Pa. (Schw.) Sporidia (sec. Stevenson,
l.c.)6i-8|xl|/,.

The fungus described by Fries grew on the inner surface of bark
of fir trees lying on the ground. Perithecia minute, ovate, covered by
a cortical pustule, and lying in a ferruginous stroma. Ostiola erum-
pent in the center (of the pustule), without any distinct disk, at first
papilliform, smooth, finally exserted, tentaculate. The Schweinitzian
species being on oak is doubtfully synonymous with this.

V. variolaria, (Schw.)

Sphceria variolaria, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1371.
Valsa variolaria, Cke. Syn. 1785.

Subpustulate, subconfluent far and wide under the smooth, closely
fitting epidermis, which is stellately ruptured by the prominent ostiola
erumpent at first in a brown disk, which finally disappears. Peri-
thecia suberect, circulate, surrounded by a scanty, light-colored stroma,
but without any distinct conceptacle. On a horizontal section, a dark.

469

circumscribing line is seen in the inner stratum of the bark, surround-
ing many individuals or whole groups. Sporidia (sec. Stevenson)

On branches of Tilia. Frequent around Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).
V. aequilinearis, (Schw.)

Sphceria cequilinearis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1293.

Perithecia covered, immersed, small, ovate, subcircinate, in small,
subseriate clusters in an elongated, linear, dark-colored stroma, the
cylindrical ostiola bursting out in a seriate manner through cracks in
the bark, but not projecting much above it. Sporidia 5x1//.

On dead stems of Berberis Canadensis, Carolina (Schw.).

We have taken the measurements of the sporidia and supple-
mented the original diagnosis from an examination of the spec, in
Herb. Schw.

Sjoecies irnperfectly known.
V. subscripta, (Fr.)

Sph<zria tessella, Fr. B. subscripta, Fr. S. M. II, p. "393.
Valsa subscripta, Sacc. Syll. 504.

Perithecia circinate, the black, circumscribing line subobliterated.
Ostiola singly erumpent in a small disk. Asci minute. Sporidia
allantoid, minute.

Mentioned in Cke. Valsei of the U. S. No. 33, and in Curtis' Cat.
p. 142.

V. erinacea, (B. & Rav.)

Hypoxylon erinaceum, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 94.
Valsa erinacea, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 128.

"Perithecia ovate, pulverulent, with an elongated, often curved
neck. Sporidia clavate, much attenuated below. ??
On Liquidambar , South Carolina.

V. nmnda, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 100.

"Pustules completely covered by the bark which is blackened
over them, or appears black by transparence, the disk alone, which is
bordered with white, being free. Asci lanceolate. Sporidia sausaiiv-
shaped.

On smooth branches of Cornus, Alabama.

V. fulvella, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 101.

Pustules closely covered by the bark which is raised up. Disk
pale tawny, dotted with the black ostiola. Sporidia allantoid.

470

Of the following species apparently referable to Valsa:

Sphceria pugillns, Schw. Syn. N, Am. 1322 (sec. Stevenson) is
a Sphceronema.

Sphceria frustum-coni, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1329. The spec, of
this in Herb., Schw. is some spermogonial form.

Sphceria radicnm, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1335. Specimen abortive
or sterile.

Sphceria oligostonia, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1333. The specimens
in Herb. Schw. are barren.

** Mesosporce. Sporidia 8-12 p long.
V. rufescens, (Schw.)

Sphceria rufescens, Schw. in Herb Schw. — (and Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1395) ?
Valsa rhuiphila, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 9.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 872.

Perithecia lying in subcircinate clusters of 15-30 in the inner
bark, which is but slightly altered, only assuming a reddish-brown
color which is of a more dirty shade directly over the pustules; these
are orbicular, and about 2 mm. diam., convex, with the compact tuft
of ostiola rising like a disk or crown through the apex, and erumpent
through the epidermis, but scarcely exserted. Perithecia crowded,
about \ mm. diam., or less. Ostiola short-cylindrical, obtuse, becoming
subuinbilicate. Asci 25-35 x 6-7 //, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate,
allantoic!, hyaline, slightly curved, 6-7 x 1J-1J fi (10 [± long. Cke.).

On dead branches of Rhus glabra, Carolina, Pennsylvania (Schw.),
and on R. copallina and R. venenata, Newfield, N. J.

This is probably the Sphmria ntfescens, Schw. Syn. N. Am.
1395, but we have never seen the ostiola as there stated "very long,
decumbent, flexuous and diverging." This character applies sometimes
to Sphceria aculeans, Schw. No. 1399. Apparently the descriptions
of these two species have been in some way confused. The species
here described is certainly the Sphmria rufescens, Schw. in Herb.
Schw.

V. Under*, Pk. 29th. Rep. p. 59.

Pustules small, rather prominent, crowded or scattered, closely
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, circumscribed by a black line.
Perithecia usually 4-6, nestling in the inner bark. Ostiola crowded,
short, dull black, obliterating the blackish disk. Asci slender-clavate.
Sporidia 8 in an ascus, yellowish in the mass, cylindrical, curved.
obtuse, 8-12 p long.

On dead branches of IAn-dera Benzoin, Albany, N. Y.

471
V. vitigera, Cke. Grev. V, p. 125, XIV, p. 46.

Valsa Vitis, Fckl. Symb. p. 199, Sacc. Syll. 449, Sacc. Myc. Ven. Sp. 133, tab. XIII,
figs. 19-21.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 607.— Sacc. M. Ven. 186.

Pustules subcuticular, scattered, small, slightly prominent. Peri-
thecia 3-6, about \ mm. diam., with short necks terminating in the
short-cylindrical ostiola, conical at the apex, smooth or slightly sulcatc,
and erumpent in a compact tuft in the center of the pustule, hut not
much exserted. Asci clavate, p. sp. about 40 x 6-7 fi. Sporidia
biseriate, allantoid, only slightly curved, hyaline, 8-10 x 1^-2 //.

On small, dead shoots of grape vines, Newfield, N. J. Sent also
from Louisiana (Langlois, 1767).

The sporidia in the Louisiana specc. average larger (8-12 /i long),

but there is no other difference. The perithecia lie in the unchanged
substance of the bark without any circumscribing line, and in well
developed specc. each separate perithecium raises the bark above it
slightly, as in V. ambiens.

On the Newfield specc. are also spermogonia, multilocular, gray
inside, opening by a common central pore, and a little more prominent
than the ascigerous pustules. Spermatia allantoid, hyaline, 4x1 fju

This is evidently the V. vitigera, Cke., and is quite distinct from
Eutypella Vitis, (Schw.), which has stouter, sulcate ostiola and
smaller, yellowish sporidia, and is in fact only a form of En. stdlulata.

V. ligiistrina, Cke. Grev. VIII, p. 14.

Stromata cortical, brown within, but not circumscribed, small.
elliptical, about l\ xl mm., raising the surface of the inner bark into
slight pustules which are not noticed till the outer layer is stripped
off. Perithecia 3-8 in a pustule, ovate, small. Ostiola erumpent
through longitudinal cracks in the outer bark, but not exserted, stout,
cylindrical, with the apex at first conical, then broadly and irregularly
perforated. Asci elavate-fusoid, about 35 x 6 /*, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, moderately curved, 7-9 x 1J-2 (i.

On bark of dead Andromeda ligustrina, Newfield, N. J.

The ostiola are smaller and the sporidia rather larger than in
V. delicattda, and the fascicles of ostiola are laterally compressed.

V. Liquidambaris, (Schw.)

Sphceria Liquidambaris, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1352.

Valsa Liquidambaris, Cke. Valsei U. S. No. 29, Sacc. Syll. 477.

Pustulate, small. Perithecia decumbent, 10-20 in a pustule.
Ostiola minute, crowded, conical-globose, rounded at the apex and
smooth, or sometimes faintly sulcate-striate, erumpent in a close fascicle,

472

mixed with yellowish-farinaceous matter. Pustules convex, 1^—2 mm.
across, formed of the scarcely changed substance of the inner bark,
and not circumscribed. Asci p. sp. about 30 x 6 /*, 8-spored. Sporidia
allantoid, subbiseriate, hyaline, 9-12 x 1J-2 /i.

On dead branches of Liquidambar styraciflua, Carolina and
New Jersey. *

V. multiplex, €. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 14.

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 874.

Stromata convex-hemispherical, about 2 mm. diam., often 2-3 con-
fluent, covered by the loosened epidermis. Perithecia numerous, 30
or more closely packed in a single layer in the bottom of the stroma,
small, necks slender, with their small, black, shining ostiola erumpent
in a brown, abruptly elevated disk which is soon obliterated. Asci
clavate, 26-40 x 5-6 //, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, hya-
line, slightly curved, with a nucleus in each end, 6-8 x 1 \-l\ (i (10 fi
long, Cke.).

On oak wood cut and piled for market, Newfield, N. J.

The stromata are numerous, and the tufts of erumpent, but scarcely
exserted ostiola loosen the epidermis. The surface of the inner bark
is of a uniform, dull black color, but there is no circumscribing line.

V. piisio, B. & C. Grev. XIV, p. 46.

Pustules small, erumpent. Perithecia black, subglobose, nestling
in the bark, surrounded by the fissured epidermis. Ostiola subrugose,
truncate, emerging in an orbicular disk. Asci clavate, subsessile, short,
8-spored. Sporidia allantoid, smoky -hyaline, 8 x 2 fi.

On bark of Morus multicaulis, North Carolina.

V. piillula, B, & C. Grev. XIV, p. 47.

Pustules small, at first covered. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia cylindrical, slightly curved, rounded at the ends, hyaline, 8 p long.

On twigs of Castanea, Pennsylvania.

V. truncata, C. & P. 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 103.

Erumpent, prominent, truncate. Perithecia 6-8, nestling in the
inner bark, globose, black, the necks united in an orbicular or ellipti-
cal disk which is pierced by the ostiola, and generally pulverulent on
the margin. Asci small, lanceolate. Sporidia minute, sausage-shaped,
hyaline, 8-10 fi long. Spermogonia cytisporoid, disk erumpent, trun-
cate, pulverulent in the center, sometimes having a bilabiate appear-
ance. Spermatia amber in the mass, minute, linear.

On dead branches of alders, New York and Massachusetts.

473
V. decorticans, (Fr.) Summa Teg. Scand. p, 412.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 496 ?

Stroma orbicular or oval, depressed-conical, rather large, browD
or finally black, abruptly attenuated above into a disk erunipent
through the epidermis, which is usually thrown off. Perithecia 6-20
in a stroma, not deeply buried, monostichous, globose or angular from
pressure, attenuated into a moderately long neck. Ostiola more or
less exserted, slender, cylindrical, black, shining, forming an orbicular
or elliptical, erunipent disk, mostly densely crowded, with the apex
rounded or truncate, pierced with a distinct pore, either attenuated -
conical, or very rarely elongated-cylindrical, and considerably exserted
and flexuous. Asci narrow-oblong or clavate, sessile, 45-50 x6 //.
Sporidia conglobate, cylindrical, curved or straight, hyaline, 10-12 x
2^/i. Spermogonia Gytispora sp. Spermatia allantoid, 4-5 x 1 /i.

On bark of Kerria Japonica and Syringa, Carolina (Curtis),
sec. Cooke Valsei of the IT. S., No. 35.

In Europe the species is found on Fagus and Qarpfams. The
N. A. F. specc. are on maple, and do not agree well with the above
diagnosis taken from Sacc. Sylloge. They are probably referable to V.
ceratophoru, having sporidia about 7 /i long.

V, rubincola, (Schw.)

SphcEria rubincola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1331.

Valsa rubincola, Schw. in Stevenson's Add. to Cke. Valsei of the U. S. No. 105.

Growing in the inner bark, at length deciduous, leaving little
cavities or pits. (Stroma) orbicular, depressed in the center, where
rise the rough ostiola, gregariously confluent At first covered by the
epidermis, and buried so deeply that only the ostiola project, but
finally emergent and free. Perithecia rather large, few, depressed-
globose, surrounded by a white-pulverulent stroma. The conceptacle
is sometimes crowned with a single ostiolum, cylindrical, with a broad
•opening — sometimes with several divergent ostiola.

Common on stems of Rubus in gardens, Bethlehem. Pa. (Schw).
Sec. Stevenson, 1. c, sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 9x2 a

V. rhizina, (Schw.)

Sphceria rhizina, .Schw. Syn. N. Am. 139b.

Valsa rhizina, Stevenson Add. to Cooke's Valsei of the V. S. No. 122.

Perithecia circinate, closely covered by the inner bark. Ostiola

terete, subdivergent, with a large orifice, at first sometimes papillate.

Perithecia densely circinate. much depressed, numerous, olive-black.

white inside, minute, nestling in pits in the bark without any stroma

60

474

Sporidk allantoic!, hyaline, 9Jx3J ju. Spermatia minute, 3-4 x 1 p.
On a root of Rhododendron^ Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

V. anomia, (Schw.)

Sphceria anomia, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1316.

Valsa anomia, Schw. Cke. Valsei of the TJ. S. No. 34.

Convex, irregular, free, rugose, stroma formed of the wood, cin-
ereous-black. Ostiola exserted, distant, black, smooth. Sporidia (sec.
Berk.) 10 ju long, with uniseptate stylospores in other perithecia. Spo-
ridia (sec. Cke.) 7-8 p. long.

On Robinia, North Carolina (Schw.).

Apparently different from the European species of the same name
which appertains to Pseudovalsa prqfusa.

V. microstoma, (Pers.)

Sphceria microstoma, Pers. Syn. p. 40.
Valsa microstoma, Fr. Summa, p. 411.

Stroma roundish-oval at base, convex or more rarely conical,
attenuated abruptly into an oval, elliptical or orbicular disk, immersed
in the outer layer of the inner bark, of which the surface assumes a
chestnut color. Disk erumpent through transverse cracks in the epi-
dermis. Perithecia 6-20 in a stroma, in a single layer, minute,
crowded. Ostiola somewhat thickened, rounded or almost globose,
abbreviated, black and shining, crowded in a plane disk. Asci oblong
or clavate, sessile, 8-spored, 40-48 x 6-8 p. Sporidia crowded or
biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, 8-10 x2-2| p. Spermogonia cytisporoid.
many-celled. Spermatia allantoid, 5-6 x 1 J p, on long basidia.

On bark, Pennsylvania and Carolina (Schw.).

V. allostoma, (Schw.)

Sphceria allostoma, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1332.
Valsa allostoma, Stev. 1. c, No. 106.

At first immersed in the wood, with only the globose-stellate osti-
ola prominent, finally emergent and almost free. Conceptacles large,
and often extensively confluent. Ostiola at length becoming terete,
generally dilated at the apex, rigid. Perithecia rather large, crowded,
almost entirely without any stroma. The groups of confluent concep-
tacles finally form, as it were, a continuous crust. Sporidia (sec. Stev-
enson 1. c.) 9 x 3 p, allantoid, hyaline.

On a log of Robinia, near Lancaster, Pa. (Schw.).

V. monadelpha, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 411.

Sphceria monadelpha, Fr. S. M. II, p. 382.
Valsa monadelpha, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 411.
Fxsicc. Desm. PI. Cr. Fd. I, 961, Fd. 2nd 261.

475

Perithecia circulating around a central one. included in a cine-
reous-black stroma, necks short, ostiola, densely crowded and erumpent
in a convex disk. On hare wood it varies, becoming' eflused, with the
ostiola distinct. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia allantoic!*, 10 fi long.

On Prunus, New England and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Species imperfectly known.
V. leiphsemioides, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 101.

Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 192.

" Pustules, when the cuticle is stripped otf, covered with the brown
l>ark, the ostiola only exposed and mixed with white matter. Sporidia
sausage-shaped, 10 /i long."

On oak, New England and Carolina. Closely resembling Dht-
porthe leiphmmia, (Fr.), but with different fruit.

The specimens in our copies of Rav. F. Am. are entirely without
fruit. The specc. issued in Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2344, are
a Galosphmria, apparently a compact form of G. lasiostoma, E. & E..
which is probably the same as G. scabriseta Schw. This same Galo-
sphceria is found on the spec, in Rav. F. Am. 192.

V. Nyssae, Cke, Grev. VI, p. 145.

Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 194.

As nothing satisfactory can be made out of the spec, in Rav. F.
Am., we can only quote the brief description in Grevillea.

" Pustules covered by the bark. Perithecia ovate, attenuated into
a long neck, black. Asci clavate. Sporidia linear, curved, hyaline.
8 fi long. Often the center of the pustule is occupied by a large sper*
mogonium around which the perithecia are clustered.''

On Nyssa, Aiken, So. Carolina,

The specimens of Sphceria radician, Schw.. and Sphasria oligos-
toma, Schw., in Herb. Schw., are without fruit, and are apparently
barren, Valsas.

V. centripeta, (Fr.)

Sphceria centripeta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 402.
1/alsa centripeta, Fr. in Peck's 26th Rep |

Pustulate, orbicular or elliptical, disk transversely erumpent, but
variable. Perithecia rather large, globose-depressed, covered, the
very small, crowded, exserted, semiglobose ostiola mostly arranged in
two parallel lines, forming an elongated, black spot in the cent
the erumpent, flat disk.

476

This species (sec. Peck) was found on dead alders, near Buffalo-..
N. Y.

We have seen no specc, and translate the diagnosis from Fries71
Sy sterna.

*** Macrosporce. Spwidia more than 12 p, long.
V. ambiens, (Pers.)

Sphceria ambiens, Pers. Syrr. p. 44.

Sphczria deplanata, Nees, in Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 394.

Sphceria capsularis, Pers. Syn. p. 42.

Sphceria sphtnctrina, Fr. (pr. p.) S. M. II, p. 400.

Valsa corticis, Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV, torn. V, p. 117.

Sphceria tetraspora, Curr. Linn. XXII, p. 279,. fig. 148-.

Valsa ambiens, Fr. Summa, p. 412.

Valsa conscripta, C. & E.'Grev. VII, p. 80.

( Valsa cooperla, Cke. Valsei of the U. S. p. ir8) ?

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 616, 2141.— Kze. F. Sel. 149,— Rab. F. E. 1131, 153^.— Rehm Asc. 48,.

171, 223. — Sydow. M. March. 33, 465, 663. — Krgr. F. Sax. 172, 431. — Roum. F. G.

1 178, 4447 —Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser. 232.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 46.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1493.

EH. N. A. F. 868. •

Stromata numerous and generally thickly scattered, surrounding

and extending for some distance along the limbs, orbicular or ellip-
tical at base, and 1 f-3 mm. broad, obtusely conical above and, for the
most part, distinctly pustulate-prominent, covered by the closely
adherent epidermis, which is pierced by the erumpent disk or stel-
lately cleft with the laciniae adhering. Perithecia 4-20 (mostly 6-10)/
subcircinate in the unaltered substance of the inner bark, about J mm.
diam., and mostly not crowded, necks slender ^ decumbent, with their
large, depressed-spherical, black ostiola erumpent around the margin
of the small, whitish disk or irregularly arranged, crowded and obliter-
ating the disk. Sometimes the epidermis is slightly depressed just
around the diskT with a circle of slight protuberances indicating the
position of the subjacent perithecia. Asci (p. sp.) 40-55 x 12-15 //,
4-8-spored, with a slender, stipe-like base 30-35 /i long. Sporidia
conglomerate or subbiseriate, allantoid, hyaline, slightly curved,
obtuse, 14-24 x 3-5 p. in the 8-spored asci, in the 4-spored asci, 24-36
x 5-8 p.

On dead limbs of various deciduous trees, common, at least
throughout the northern U. S. and Canada.

We have specc. from Canada on ash, hawthorn, elm, oak, bass-
wood and hickory; from Iowa, on Pyrus coronaria; from Montana,
on Shepherdia Canadensis ; from New York, on Acer vubrum; from
Nebraska, on Sambucus; from New Jersey, on JVyssa, Liquidambar
and Pyrus, and the tetrasporous form on Morns, from Illinois.

477
.V. salicina, (Pers.)

Sphceria salicina, Pers. Obs. I, p. 64.
Valsa salicina, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 412.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 614, 615.— Kz. F. Sel. 147, 345.— Rehm Asc. 82.— Thum. M. U. 468,
869.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 377.— F. Sax. 259, 432.— Roum. F. G. 558.— M. March. 145,
461, 1724.-1,111. F. Hung. 173.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1951.

Stromata thickly scattered, depressed-conical, truncate, slightly
prominent, pustuliform, closely covered by the epidermis, except the
small, whitish disk. Perithecia 6-12 in a stroma, circinating in the
unchanged substance of the inner bark, with very short and slender
necks and minute, black, globose, perforated ostiola erumpent around
the margin of the disk or irregularly scattered over it, scarcely ex-
serted. Asci narrow-oblong or clavate, 4-8-spored, 40-65 x 7-8 //,
subsessile. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, slightly curved, 12—1 8 x 2J-4 /i
(in the 8-spored asci), 20-30 x 5-7 jj. (in the 4-spored asci).

On dead willow limbs, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Scliw.). also
New York, New England and Canada.

V. ambiens also occurs on Salix, but is larger throughout from
stroma to sporidia.

V. sordida, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 203.

Valsa deplanata, Fckl. Enum. Fung. Nassov. p. 55.
Exsicc. Sydow, M. March. 464.— Rehm Asc. 729.— Krgr. F. Sax. 173.

Pustules numerous, thickly and evenly scattered, only slightly
prominent, 2-3 mm. diam. Perithecia 6-12 together, subcircinate in
the unaltered substance of the inner bark, globose or subcomprevsiMi.
medium size (J-| mm.). Ostiola short, thick, rounded at the apex and
finally with a rather narrow pore, erumpent mostly around the margin
of a grayish, finally brownish, disk. Asci clavate, 40-45 x 8 /i (p. sp.),
or including the stipe-like base 50-60 fi long. Sporidia subbiscriato.
cylindrical, hyaline, only slightly curved, 8-10 xl| fi in the Iowa
specc, 9-11 x 1| /jl in Krieger's specc, and 10-12x2 jul mostly in Rehm
Asc. Spermatia 4-1 //, borne on long, slender basiclia and oozing out
in yellow cirrhi.

On dead Populus, Iowa (Holway), California (Harkness).

Differs from V. ambiens and V. salicina in its slenderer sporidia
and spermatia.

V. boreella, Karst. My col. Fenn. II, p. 141.

Exsicc. Sydow, M. Marchica, 1826.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2520.

Perithecia 8-20 together, circinating in the unchanged substance
of the inner bark, subglobose, about \ mm. diam., subdecumbent, necks
slender, converging. Ostiola obtuse, rounded, finally sublaciniatelv

47s

dehiscent, erumpent around the margin of a grayish disk which pierces
the epidermis and is rather loosely embraced by it. Asci clavate,
p. Bp, about 35 x 6 it. Sporidia conglobate, allantoic!, hyaline, slightly
curved, 8-11 x 1J-2 /x. Spermatia (fide Karst) elongated, 4-6 x 1 /i,
somewhat curved.

On bark of willow, Canada (Dearness), Montana (Kelsey).

The specc. in M. Marchica have the sporidia a little larger
(10-12 x 2 /i mostly), but do not differ otherwise. The species scarcely
differs from V. sordida.

V. claim, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 13.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 870.

Stroma cortical, brown inside, 1-1 1 mm. diam., depressed-conical,
subcoriaceous above, not circumscribed. Perithecia 4-8 (sometimes as
many as 12 or 15), buried in the lower part of the stroma, \-\ mm.
diam., subcircinate around a central spermogonial cell, pierced above
with an irregular opening. Necks converging with the obtuse, rough-
ish, black ostiola erumpent around the opening in the central cell.
Asci clavate, p. sp. 40-45 x 6-7 p. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid,
hyaline, 14-18x3-4 /i, slightly curved. Spermatia allantoid, minute,
3-4 x 1 li.

On dead limbs of Quercus coccinea, Newfield, N. J.

In the smaller pustules the bark is only slightly raised and scarce
ly ruptured, but in the "larger ones the apex of the stroma is erumpent
and loosely embraced by the ruptured epidermis. Accompanying the
ascigerous stromata are others containing a single irregular-shaped cell
with a thick, compact, light-colored wall, and lined on the inside with
basidia bearing fusoid, continuous or uniseptate, hyaline sporules, 8-12
x 2 J— 3 fi. The outside appearance of this species is almost the same
as in V. lutescens, but the sporidia and perithecia are larger.

V. cornina, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 102.

Pustules small, scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, which
is at length longitudinally ruptured. Perithecia 2-5 in a pustule,
nestling in the inner bark, black, the ostiola scarcely exserted. Asci
clavate, blunt, 50 x 10 (i. Sporidia collected in the upper part of the
asci, allantoid, 15-18 x4/i.

On dead branches of Cornus jianiculata, Albany, N. Y.

Differs from the other species on Cornus in its different habit and
larger sporidia.

V. Menispernii, Ell. & Holway, Journ. My col. I, p. 4.

Perithecia circulating in a cortical stroma without any circum-

479

scribing line, 6-10 in number, and about \ mm. diam., with membran-
aceous, coarsely cellular walls. Ostiola very short, united and con-
cealed in a circular disk, |-| mm. diam., and entirely covered by the
epidermis through which its outline is seen as a small, black circle,
with a black dot in the center. Asci clavate, 70x12 p. Sporidia
crowded, cylindrical, yellowish, curved, 15-20 x 4-6 p.

On dead stems of Menispermum Canadense, Iowa (Holway).

On stripping off the epidermis, the perithecia sometimes adhere to
it, and sometimes remain buried in the surface of the inner bark.
Closely allied to Valsa ambiens, Fr., but differs in the nature of its
permanently covered disk.

V. opulifolia, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 103.

Pustules subcorneal, or subhemispherical, erumpent. Perithecia
5-20 in a pustule, nestling in the inner bark, crowded, often angular
from mutual pressure. Ostiola crowded, black, obliterating the gray-
ish disk. Asci subclavate, p. sp. 30-45 x 6-7 p. Sporidia allantoid,
crowded above, uniseriate below, 10-12 x 2-2 \ p.

On dead branches of Spirma opulifolia, West Albany, N. Y.
(Peck).

Apparently related to V. pustulata, Awd., but the crowded osti-
ola are central in the disk. When the epidermis is torn away, the
pustules appear much like those of V. colliculus, Wormsk. We have
seen no specc, and take the above diagnosis and remarks from the
Report cited.

V. leucostomoides, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 193.

Pustules numerous, minute, covered by the epidermis, which is
pierced by the orbicular, white, or grayish disk. Perithecia 2-6 or
more in a pustule, the ostiola punctiform, black, dotting the disk. Asci
clavate or subfusoid, 49-50 x 8J-10 p. Sporidia crowded, allantoid,
colorless, 12-18 x4-5 p.

On branches of sugar maple, Helderberg Mts., N. Y. (Peck).

The very small size of the pustules, and the minute, white, pulver-
ulent disk, make this species resemble V. lencostoma, but there is no
black, circumscribing line.

V. coryneoides, B. & C. Grev. XIV, p. 47.

Pustules very small, at first covered, then erumpent. Perithecia
few, subglobose. Ostiola crowded in a black disk. Asci clavate.
Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 10-12 p. long.

480

On bark oi Jumperua Virginiana, New Jersey, (Valm thelehola,
Hchw. in Herb. Berk)?

We have not seen either of these species.

* V. quaternata, (Pers.)

SphcBria quaternata, Pers. Syn. p. 45.

Quaternaria Persoonii, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 105, tab. XII, figs, 16-25.
Valsa quaternata, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 412.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 621.— Rab. F. E. 255, 815, 1247.— Thum. F. Austr. 182.- id. M. U. 465.
M. March. 260.— Cke. F. B. 2d Ser. 221, 224.— Ell. N. A. F. 175.— Desm. PI. Cr. Ed.
i8t 562, Ed; 2d 1752.

Perithecia 3-6, circinating in the inner bark, decumbent, large,
£ mm. diam., ovate. Ostiola short, large, obtuse, erumpent in a small,
black tubercle, but not connate. The pustules are thickly scattered,
but the bark is only slightly raised above them. Asci oblong-clavate,
stipitate, p. sp. 50-75 x 8-10 ft. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, only
slightly curved, smoky-hyaline, 12-18 x 3-4 ft.

On poplar and Alnus serrulata, Pennsylvania and Vermont (Berk,
in Grev.), on Acer rub-rum, Carolina and New Jersey, on beech, New
York (Peck).

The spermogonial stage is Libertella faginea, Desm.

V. pauperata, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 93.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1571.

Perithecia 2-4 together (mostly 3), buried in the unaltered suit-
stance of the bark, subglobose, black, |-| mm. diam., necks decum-
bent. Ostiola large, obtuse, at length perforated, short, erumpent
together in the form of a minute, black, flattish tubercle. Pustules
numerous, subseriate, only slightly raising the bark. Asci clavate,
p. sp. 60-70 x 8-10 ft. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, allantoid, not
much curved, hyaline, 12-20 x 3-4| ft, mostly 12-15 x 4 ft. Spermo-
gonia (Cytispora sp.), minute, 1 mm. diam., conical, multilocular,
grayish-black inside, opening by a single pore at the apex. Spermatia
allantoid, hyaline, 5-6x1 ft, on lanceolate basidia 12-15 ft long,
thickened below.

6n dead limbs of Acer rubrum, New Jersey and New York.

This is scarcely more than a depauperate form of V. quaternata..
unless the spermogonia warrant its separation as a species.

V. grisea, Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 28.

Pustules small. Perithecia 4-15 in a pustule, nestling in the
inner bark, their necks converging and united in a small (less than 1
mm.), orbicular, grayish or brownish disk. Ostiola punctiform, black.

481

Asci clavate, 50-55x7-8 fi. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, color-
less, 10-13 x 2-2 J p.

On dead branches of Fraxinus Americana, Canada ,(Macoun).

The pustules are often arranged in rows and the disk becomes
darker with age.

We have specimens from Dr. Macoun labeled V.fraxinina, Pk..
but, not being certain whether they are genuine, we have not ventured
to give any supplementary notes.

Valsa fraxinina, Pk. 1. c, differs only in its larger sporidia (12-
17x4-5 fi) and the absence of any gray pulverulent disk. The two
are doubtfully distinct

V. dissepta, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 411.

>ria dissepta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 392.
Sphczria stipata, Curr. in I,inu. Trans. XXII, p. 274, fig. 197.
Diatrype stipata, Berk. & Br. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. Ill, vol. VII, p. 452.
Valsa hypodermia, B. & Br. 1. c, III, p. 368.
Quaternaria dissepta, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 107.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 49.— Cke. F. Brit. 2d. Ser. 230.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 44.-R.oum. F. G.
1476.— Sydow, M. March. 1718.— Rab. F. E. 320.

Stromata mostly crowded in patches of irregular outline, 1-3 cm.
across and circumscribed by an irregular, undulate, black line. Peri-
thecia sunk in the unaltered substance of the bark, covered by the
slightly raised epidermis, 2-6 in a stroma, subcircinate or irregularly
scattered or even solitary, deeply buried and separated by the paren-
chyma of the stroma. Necks short. Ostiola thick, convergent and
piercing the epidermis together in a compact fascicle, but only slightly
exserted, finally pierced with a wide, funnel-shaped opening. Asci
slender-clavate or cylindrical, long-stipitate, very delicate, 8-spored.
120-140 (p. sp.) xl6 fi. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, smoky-hva-
line, 24-32 x 6-8 pt.

On birch bark, Carolina (Schw,), on Ilex opaca and Amorpka
fruticosa, South Carolina (Berk, in Grev.).

The conidial stromata are depressed-conical, furrowed and silicate
above. Conidia sessile, filiform-cylindrical, curved, yellow, 30-40 /*
long. Sec. Cke. (Valsei U. S. No. 52), it is doubtful whether the Car-
olina specc. belong to this species.

V. dolosa, (Fr.)

Sphceria dolosa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 405.
Valsa dolosa, Nitschke Pyr. Germ. p. 200.

Stromata gregarious, often crowded and subcontiuenl at base,

tolerably large, (1 J-2 mm. broad), strongly convex, closely covered by

the epidermis which is slightly fissured or subentire-. Perithecia 6-12

(rarely only 3-4) in a stroma, rather large, subcircinate or irregularly

* 61

482

crowded, globose, buried in the unaltered bark. Ostiola globose or
ovoid, or almost conical, large, black, fasciculate or irregularly erum-
pent, or sometimes in a circle around the margin of a whitish disk.
Asci narrow-clavate, oblong, sessile, 64 x 10 pt. Sporidia biseriate,
cylindrical, curved, hyaline, 14-18 x 3-5 p..

On branches of Celastrus, Carolina (Schw.).

This rests only on the authority of Schweinitz, not having been
found here since his time. The sporidia (sec. De Notaris) are unisep-
tate, and if so, this would come in Diaporthe (Chorostate.)

V. operta, (Fr.)

Sphcsria operta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 407, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1381.

Circinate, perithecia small, buried in the inner bark, irregularly
aggregated, attached to a crust which covers them above. Ostiola
twice as long as the perithecia, erumpent, at first convergent, then
erect, perforated at the apex. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia
allantoid, hyaline, 18 x 6 p..

On branches of Populus Jlalica, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

V. Thtijse, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 67.

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2518, 2519.

Pustules scattered, slightly prominent, closely covered by the epi-
dermis. Perithecia nestling in the inner bark, subcircinate, 5-10 in
a pustule, about § mm. cliam. Ostiola erumpent in a small, round ,
whitish disk, obtuse, black, conic-papilliform. Asci oblong-clavate,
p. sp. about 40 x 6 //, subsessile. Sporidia allantoid, 10-14 x 2-2| fi7
hyaline, not strongly curved.

On dead branches and foliage of Thuja occidentalis, New York
State (Peck), Canada (Dearness).

' Cypri, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 194, tab. XXV, figs. 10-20.

Sphceria Ligustri, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1684.

Valsa obtecta, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 9, (not Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1639).
Exsicc. Fckl. F Rh. 1969.— Rehm Asc. 226.— Sydow, M. March. 911.

Stromata scattered, small, depressed-conical, only slightly promi-
nent, covered by the epidermis and, when this is peeled off, coming off
with it. Perithecia 3-8, medium size (J-| mm.), ovate, subdecum-
bent, sunk in the inner bark and leaving their impress on the surface
of the wood or on the surface of the inner stratum of the bark, scarcely
crowded, collapsing, subcircinate, necks very short, with their large,
obtuse, rounded-conical ostiola united and forming a small, black disk
barely erumpent through a short fissure in the epidermis. Asci p. sp.

483

40-50 x 10-12 jut, clavate, substipitate. Sporidia subbiseriatc, allan-
toid, slightly curved, yellowish-hyaline, 12-15x 3§-4 /i.

On branches of Ligustrwm, Bethlehem, Pa., and on dead limbs of
Clethra alnifolia, Newfield, N. J.

We have seen no specc. of Spkceria ligustrina, Schw., but from
the diagnosis given by Schweinitz there can not be much doubt that it
belongs here. The specc. of Valsa obtectu, C. & E., have been care-
fully compared with V. Gypri, Tub, as represented in Rehm's Asc.
226, and seem to us to be the same. We find the ostiola united in a
disk, but there is on the same specimen a Valsa similar in outward
appearance, with the ostiola separate. Sphazria pruinosa, Fr. S. M.
II. p. 486, is reckoned as the spermogonial stage.

V, Ceanothi, (Schw.)

Spharia Ceanothi, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1376.

Subpustulate, closely covered by the epidermis, only the promi-
nent, black, round, shining, perforated ostiola visible. Perithecia sul>-
erect, circinate in a cortical stroma, pyriform or irregular, white inside.
Pustules minute, 1| lines diam. Sporidia (sec. Stevenson 1. c.) allan-
toid, nucleated, 21 \ x 6J p.

Frequent on dead stems of Ceanothus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

V. mesoleiica, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 103.

" Disk white, surrounded by the black ostiola, or sometimes dotted.
Sporidia hyaline, sausage-shaped, 20 p. long."

On Viburnum dentatum, Pennsylvania (Michener).

V. inclinis, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 137.

Valsa acclinis, Fr. in Cooke's Valsei of the U. S. p. 116.

Perithecia circinate, about 5 together, globose, erect. Ostiola
parallel, crowded, thickened, prominent. Sporidia collected in the
upper part of the asci, allantoid, 20-25 p long.

On branches of Sassafras, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The Valsa acclinis, Fr., of the European mycologists has sporidia
only 7-9 x 2 p (Sacc), or 12-14 p long (De Not.), and must be different
from the V. acclinis, of Cooke's Valsei of the U. S.

Species imperfectly known. •

V. laurina, €. & E. Grev. VII, p. 9.

Covered by the blackened epidermis, Pustules convex. Ostiola
convergent. Asci clavate. Sporidia cylindrical, slightly curved. ob-
tuse, hyaline, 20 x 4 p.

On twigs of Sassafras, New Jersev

484

We have never been able to find anything corresponding to the
above description. Our specc. labeled V. laurina, C. & E., are V.
ceratophora, Tul., with sporidia 8-10 xl| ft. V. subclypeata, C. &
P., occurs on sassafras, but is still different.

V. Mahaleb, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 11.

This is also unknown to ns. Our specc. under this name are
Botryosphceria fuliginosa.

V. querna, Curr. Linn. Trans. XXII, p. 279, tab. 48, fig. 141.

Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 745?

" Sporidia slightly curved, simple, linear, colorless, crowded in the
apex of the ascus."

The spec, in Rav. F. Am. 745, on Myrica, is without perithecia.

**** Stroma cortical, circumscribed, disk mostly white or cinereous.
(Leucostoma, Nitschke).

V. nivea, (Hoff.)

Sphteria nivea, Hoff. Veg. Cr. I, p. 26.
Sphceria nivea, Pers. Syn. p. 38.
Vaha nivea, Fr. Summa, p. 411.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 602.— Rab. F. E. 635, 2768.— Rehm Asc. 328.— Thum. F, Austr. 255.
Kriegr. F. Sax. 434.— Sydow, M. March. 283, 2959.— F41. N. A. F. 869.— id. 2d Ser. 212c
— Desm. PI. Cr. Fd. i, 281.

Stroma scutellate, dimidiate, 1-2 mm. across, adnate to the inner
surface of the epidermis, white inside, disk erumpent, white, truncate.
Perithecia 4-10 in a stroma, circinate around a central spermogonium
or inordinate, globose, small, necks slender. Ostiola small, black, sub-
globose, erumpent in a circle around the margin of the white disk, or
oftener scattered irregularly. Asci clavate, 35-45 x 5-Q jut, subsessile,
8- or 4- spored. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, not strongly curved, 7-9
x I4-- 1§ ft. Spermogonia mostly with a single central pore, radiate-
celled. Spermatia cylindrical, curved," 6x1//, oozing out in reddish
cirrhi.

On Populus grandidentata, Ohio and Nebraska, and on P. trem-
uloides, Montana and Colorado, on poplar, Pennsylvania and Carolina.
Schweinitz states that it is common on apple trees at Bethlehem, Pa.

European specimens have as stated in Syll. &c, larger sporidia
12-14 x 3 fi. The specc. issued in N. A. F. 869 are mostly only sper-
mogonia or sterile. The only perfect ones we have seen are from Col-
orado and Montana. These agree with the European specc. in all but
their smaller sporidia and rather smaller asci. This species seems to
attain perfect development only in high latitudes or in mountainous
regions.

485

V. leiieostoma, (Pers.)

Sphceria leueostoma, Pers. Syn. p. 39.
Valsa Persoonii, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 222.
Valsa leueostoma, Fr. Summ. Veg. Sc. p. 411.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 173.— Rav. F. Am. 364. Thum. F. Austr. 256.

Stromata strongly convex, 2-3 mm. diam., scattered irregularly,
sometimes confluent, finely granular and whitish inside, the outer layer
coriaceous and darker, and closely adnate to the inner surface of the
epidermis. Disk erumpent through short, transverse cracks in the
epidermis, white, dotted with the black, rounded, slightly projecting
ostiola. Asci fusoid-clavate, 35-45 x 7-8 jul, subsessile. Sporidia
biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, not strongly curved, 9-12 x 2-2 \ p..

On peach, plum and almond trees, Carolina, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and probably throughout the country where these trees are
found.

This species closely resembles V. nivea, but in our American
specc. the asci and sporidia are larger. The stromata also are larger.
In both, the stroma with its enclosing shell (conceptacle) remains
attached to the epidermis when it is peeled off, appearing like little
blisters on its inner surface.

V. pallida, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata numerous, crowded, but mostly not confluent, occupying
definitely limited areas, small, conical, base elliptical, 1-1 J mm. diam,,
lighter colored inside, enclosed in a thin, black layer, penetrating to
the liber, but not to the wood. Perithecia few, 4-8, lying near the
bottom of the stroma, small and rather pale, \ mm. diam., contracted
into slender necks rising together through the center of the stroma,
their apices enlarged into obtuse, papilliform, finally substellately
dehiscent, black ostiola erumpent through a small, orbicular, sub-
ferruginous, loosely granular or farinaceous disk, which pierces the
epidermis but does not rise much above it. Asci clavate, 8-spored,
30-35 x 5 fi. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, slightly curved, hyaline,
G-8xl|-li^.

On bark of willow, Clyde, N. Y. (0. F. Cook, No. 360).

V. subclypeata, C. & P. 27th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 109.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 91.

Stromata gregarious, minute, (1 mm.), covered by the blackened
epidermis, convex-hemispherical, lighter inside, raising the epidermis
into little pustules. Perithecia 3-5 in a stroma, subglobose, minute
(150 fi). Ostiola erumpent (not exserted), in a small, black disk, sur-

486

rounded by the whitened, torn margin of the thin epidermis, rather
broadly perforated. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 35-40 x 5-6 //, subsessile.
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, hyaline, slightly curved, 6-8 x 1—1 J fx.
On dead limbs of Quercus and Rhododendron, Forestburg, N. Y.
(Peck), and on dead limbs of Laurus Sassafras, and the prostrate
stems of Rubus Canadensis, Newfield, N. J.

V. cincta, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 411.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2140, 2348.— Rehm Asc. 224.— M. March. 353?

Stromata rather widely scattered, strongly convex, or obtusely con-
ical, 2-3 mm. diam., formed of the slightly altered (or a little paler)
substance of the inner bark, enclosed in a very thin, black layer which
shows as a faint, black circumscribing line on a cross section. Peri-
thecia in a single layer, or generally arranged around a central sper-
mogonium, 10-15, globose, or subangular, rather over \ mm. diam.,
attenuated into very slender, converging necks, with the rather large,
black, perforated ostiola ranged around the central pore of the sper-
mogonium, in the convex, whitish disk, which soon becomes brown.
The stroma forms a distinctly prominent pustule, covered by the lon-
gitudinally or substellately-cleft epidermis. Asci 50-60 x 9-1 2 p.,
clavate, subsessile. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, curved, 12-
20 (mostly 12-16) x3|-4/;.

On dead twigs of Amelanehier alnifolia, Sand Coulee, Montana
(Anderson).

The perithelia are rather smaller than in Dr. Renin's specimens,
but the habit is the same. We have not found any spermatia.

V. prsestans, B. & C. in Curtis' Cat p. 143, and Cke. Valsei of the
U. S. No. 42.

Stroma orbicular at base, 1-2 mm. diam., convex-conical, filled
with whitish grumous matter, enclosed in an olivaceous-brown exter-
nal layer of similar nature, but more compact; on the small limbs and
twigs raising the epidermis into slight pustules pierced at the apex by
the small, round, dirty -white disk. On the larger limbs with thicker
bark, the pustules are less conspicuous. Perithecia 10-20 or more
lying in a single layer in the bottom of the stroma, small, J-| mm.
diam.. globose, oblong or otherwise irregular in shape from mutual
pressure, rather abruptly contracted into long, very slender necks with
their short, rounded and papillate, then perforated and umbilicate
ostiola erumpent through the whitish disk (which is soon obliterated),
but scarcely exserted. Asci (p. sp.) oblong-fusoid, 30-35 x 5-6 //.

487

Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, not strongly curved, 7-9 xl| fx (10-12 x
5 fi, Cke.).

On dead limbs of Nyssa, Carolina (Curtis), New Jersey (Ellis).

On the larger limbs the pustules are larger, with the dense tufts
of short, black ostiola, subseriately erumpent in longitudinal cracks in
the bark.

The above diagnosis is from the specc. referred to by Cooke in
Grev. V, p. 92, and VI, p. 10.

V. transliicens, (De Not.)

Sphceria iranslucens, De Not. Micr. Ital. V, No. 2.
Valsa translucens, De Not. Schema Sfer. p. 34.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. E. 747.— Rehm Asc. 225.

Stromata numerous, gregarious or scattered, often covering the
whole limb on which they grow, conical or hemispherical from a dr.
cular base, mostly small, scarcely \ mm. diam., but sometimes larger
(1 mm.), visible through the thin, closely adherent epidermis, which is
raised into pustules flattened above and pierced by the disk, which is
surrounded by a slight depression. Perithecia 2-8 in a stroma, irreg-
ularly monostichous, sphseroid, minute, with slender necks and puncti-
form ostiola, erumpent in the center of the small, whitish disk. Asci
clavate or oblong, sessile, 8-spored, 40-44 x 8 p.. Sporidia conglobate,
cylindrical, curved, hyaline, 9-14 x2 /i. Spermogonia few-celled,
sometimes one-celled, with a single central pore, or, more seldom, with
2-3 pores penetrating the whitish, brown-margined disk. Spermatia
cylindrical, curved, 4-5 xl ju.

On dead willow branches, West Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

V. morigena, B. & C. Grev. XIV, p. 46.

Perithecia globose, immersed in a pale cortical stroma, which is cov-
ered at length with a black crust, and circumscribed by a black line.
Ostiola subconfluent, and slightly prominent in a minute, black disk.
Asci cylindric-clavate. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 10 x 2 fi.

On bark of Morus multicaidis, South Carolina.

V. caryigena, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 102, and Cke. Valsei of the
* U. S. No. 32.

Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 867.

Stroma as in V. prcesta?is, but mostly smaller, convex-conical,
1-1 J mm. diam., whitish inside, raising the bark into distinct pustules,
mostly seriately arranged, and pierced at the apex by the small, dirty-
white, round disk. Perithecia in a single crowded layer in the bottom

488

of the stroma, small, mostly not over £ mm. diam., necks converging,
their short, black, rounded, then umbilicate and open ostiola soon
obliterating the disk, except a faint white ring around the margin, but
not usually much exserted. Asci clavate, subsessile, 25-30 x 5 ft,
Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, not strongly curved, hyaline, 6-8 x 1^-
1± p, (10 ft, Berk; 10-12 ft, Ckc).

On hickory, saplings killed by fire, Newfield, N. J., on branches
of Carya, Pennsylvania (Michener), New York (Cook).

Var. chlorodisca (Valsa chlorodisca, C. & E., Grev. VIII, p. 13)
differs only in the yellowish disk. On the same limbs are pustules
of the normal sort. V. caryigena and V. prcestans are closely allied.

V. orbicula, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 100, Cke. Valsei U. S. No. 38.

"Minute, orbicular, showing the subjacent perithecia by trans-
parence, but not blackened, surrounded by a black line. Asci lanceo-
late. Sporidia sausage-shaped, 10 p. long.

On willow, South Carolina, No. 3404."

V. colliculus, (Wormsk.)

Sphceria colliculus, Wormsk. Fr. S. M. II, p. 389.
Valsa colliculus, Wormsk. Cke. Valsei U. S. No. 23.
Kxsicc. EH. & Kvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1577.

Pustules prominent, convex-hemispherical, 2-3 mm. diam., closely
covered by the cinereous epidermis, and uneven from the projecting
perithecia which (10-20 in number) are closely packed within and
covered by a scanty stroma formed from the scarcely altered substance
of the bark, about \ mm. diam., with short, convergent necks, and the
minute, papilliform, black ostiola crowded and erumpent, but scarcely
exserted. Asci slender-clavate, 35-40 x 3 /i. Sporidia subbiseriate,
allantoid, hyaline, 5-6 x 1 \ p..

On dead limbs of Pinus strobus, New York, New England and
Pennsylvania.

EUTYPELLA. Nits.

Pyr. Germ. p. 163, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 145.

Stroma valsoid, immersed in the wood or bark, and surrounded
by a black, circumscribing line^ Perithecia in one or several layers,
never simply circinate, with rather thick, subcoriaceous walls, black
and shining inside when mature. Ostiola stellate-cleft. Asci long-
stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia allantoid, mostly yellowish-hyaline.

The most obvious character separating this from Valsa is the
stellate-cleft ostiola.

489

Eu. capillata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 74.

Stromata pustuliform, 2-3 mm. diam., numerous and closely con-
tiguous for 5-20 cm., blackening and carbonizing the bark, and bounded
by a black line which penetrates the wood, but not deeply. Perithecia
membranaceous, thick-walled, black and shining within (when dry),
6-12 in a group, not distinctly circinating, |-| mm. diam., their bases
slightly sunk in the wood. Ostiola capillary, very long (|-1 cm.),
crooked, rough, brittle (readily breaking square off when dry), apices
rounded and 4-5-sulcate, altogether resembling a mass of black, strigose,
coarse hair covering the matrix with a nearly continuous coat. Asci
clavate, truncate above, 1 5 x3| p (p. sp.), with a slender base about 15 /<
long, without paraphyses. Sporidia 8, crowded, yellowish in the mass,
strongly curved, with a nucleus in each end, about 3J x | p. In its
smaller sporidia and very long ostiola, this appears distinct from Eu-
typella Bonariensis, Speg., and from Valsa scoparia, Schw. Var.
mhsimplex has the perithecia larger (|-| mm.), more deeply buried in
the wood, and only 1-2 in a stroma, which is rounded and protuberant
like the perithecia of some large, suberumpent, simple Sphceria.

On decaying limbs lying on the ground, St Martinsville, La.
(Langlois).

Eu. deusta, (E. & E.)

Valsa deusta, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 64.

Perithecia 4-6 together, sunk in the surface of the wood, with
thick, membranaceous walls, shining-black inside (when dry), raising
the bark into distinct pustules. Ostiola erumpent in a compact fascicle,
short-cylindrical (| mm.), obtuse, quadrisulcate. Asci (p. sp.) clavate,
about 15x4/i. Sporidia crowded, 8 in an ascus, allantoid, strongly
curved, minute (3^-4 x J-| p.). The cuticle is soon thrown off, leaving
the exposed surface of the inner bark uniformly blackened.

On decaying limbs of Carya, Louisiana (Langlois).

Eu. stellulata, (Fr.)

Sp/usria stellulata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 380.

Eutypella stellulata, Sacc. Syll. 571.

Valsa ventnosa, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 93.

Valsa innumerabilis, Pk. 30th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 65.

Valsa tetraploa, B. & C. Grev. V, p. 55.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 597.— Kze. F. Sel. 146.— Rab. F. E. 1535 —KH. N. A. F. i?S, &

Rav. F. Am. 190, 361, 362, 663.— Plowr. F. Brit. 42.— L,in. F. Hung. 175.— Kriegr.
F. Sax. 430. — Sydow, M. March. 760. — Rehm Asc. 730. — Vize Micr. Fungi, 164
Roum. F. Gall. 5348.

Stromata obtusely conical or subepberical, rarely subeffused, 1-2
62

4<H>

nun. across. Perithelia in a single stroma, few or numerous, generally
crowded, rarely subconcentrically arranged, subsphaeroid or angular
from mutual pressure, small, necks converging. Ostiola short and
small or oftener more or less elongated, rough, sulcate-cleft, 3-6-sidedr
connate, at least below. Asci cylindric-clavate, 40-50 x 5-6 ju (p. sp).
Sporidia crowded or subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish, 7-11 (mostly
7-9) xl J-2 fi, (8-12 x 1 J— 2 //, Sacc). Spermogonia many-celled,
larger than the ascigerous stromata. Spermatia filiform, curved..
20-25 p. long, issuing in yellow cirrhi.

Common oh limbs of various deciduous trees throughout* the
United States.

Often when the pustules are crowded, a single circumscribing
line surrounds an entire group, and the surface of the 'inner bark is
uniformly blackened. As far as the specc. above quoted are con-
cerned, we can find no distinctive characters to separate Valsa ven-
triosa and V. tetraploa from this species, and have therefore included
them in Eu. stellulata, (see Cke. Valsei of the U. S. p. 112).

En. Vitis, (Schw.)

Sphcsria Vitis, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 117, Syn. N. Am. 1362.
Valsa Vitis, Cke. Valsei of the U. S. p. 113.
Eutypa viticola, Sacc. Syll. 669.
Sphceria propagata, Plowr, Grev. VII, p. 73.
Valsa {Eulypella) Vitis, Cke. Grev. XIV, p. 45.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 363, 664.

Perithecia 3-4, rather large, nestling in the inner bark and ren-
dering the surface bullate. Ostiola irregular, subpulverulent, black,
and (sec. Cke, Grev. XIV, p. 45), distinctly sulcate, and sporidia (see
Valsei U. S. p. 1 13) 12-14 p long.

Rather rare on young shoots of grape vines, Carolina (Schw.),
Pennsylvania (Michener), New York (Peck).

It is doubtful whether this is more than a var. of Eutypdla
stellulata, (Fr.).

' Eu. fraxinicola, (C. & P.)

Valsa fraxinicola, C & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 59.

Perithecia 6-12, subcircinately arranged and buried in the un-
altered inSer bark, about \ mm. diam., black, thick-walled, with con-
verging necks and stout, quadrisulcate, black ostiola erumpent in a
short, compact fascicle in the center of the pustule, closely embraced
by the perforated, slightly pustulate epidermis, above which they pro-
ject but slightly. Asci clavate, p. sp. about 35x5 /i. Sporidia
biseriate, allantoid, yellowish, 6-8 x 2 //, moderately curved.

491

On hark of dead ash, New York State (Peck). Delaware (Com
inons).

In specc. from Peek the pustules are subseriateiy arranged and
here and there Bubconfluent, but there is no circumscribing line.

En. Berchemiae, (Cke.)

Valsa Berchemice, Cke. Valsei of the tT. S. p. 112
Valsa syngenesia, var. Berchemitz, Curtis 1. c.
Eutypella BerchcmicE, Sacc. Syll. 586.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 659.— EH. & Evrht, N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1576.

Pustules scattered or seriate, small, rather prominent, Perithelia
■3-8 in a pustule, ovate-globose, mostly less than J mm. diam., buried
in the surface of the inner hark, without any distinct circumscribing
line, necks short, with the obtuse, quadrisulcate, short ostiola erumpent
through a eon vex, dark brown disk, hut only slightly exserted. Asci
clavate, 8-spored, p. sp. 20-25 x 5 /k, with a slender stipe of about the
same length. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, moderately carved, yellow
ish, 7-8x2 p..

On bark of dead Berchemia voliibrtis, Carolina and Louisiana.

Eu. cerviculata, (Fr.)

Sphceria cerviculata, Fr. in Kze. & Schm. Mycol. Hefte, II, p. 43
Valsa cerviculata, Fr. Summa, p. 411.
Eutypella cerviculata, Sacc. Syll. 564.
Diatrype megastotna, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 141.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2454.— Rab. F. E. 1612.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1791, 2346.— Rav
Fungi Car. Ill, 53.— Liu. Fungi Hung. 174.— Rav. F. Am. 662. (in our copy).

Stroma obtusely-conical or subcylindrical, \-\ cm. diam., sunk in
"the substance of the bark which is unaltered or of a paler color, soon
surrounded by a strong circumscribing line, which penetrates deeply
into the wood. Perithecia numerous, 15-25 or more in a stroma,
crowded in a compact layer, \-\ mm. diam., globose or angular from
lateral pressure, with a tolerably long neck. Ostiola short, strongly
thickened, subglobose, 4— 6-radiate-sulcate, black, erumpent and closely
packed, forming small (1-2 mm.), blaek, shield-like patches on the sur*
face of the bark. Asci narrow-clavate, long-stipitate. about 30 x 4-5 u
(p. sp.). Sporidia allantoid, yellowish, 5-7 x 1J p.. .

On dead limbs of Carpinus, Gorylus, Alnus, and Betid a; common,
Canada, New England, New York. Iowa, New Jersey and Carolina.

This was issued in Rav. Car. 1. c. and in Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F,
2346, as Diatrype haustellata and Vafea havstellata, Fr

Eu. glandulosa, (Cke.)

Valsa glandulosa, Cke. Grew Vll, p. 52
Valsa clavu lata, Cke. Gcev. XVIII. p. 86
Kxs-icc. Rav. F. Am. 661.

492

Pustules covered by the epidermis. Perithecia 4-20, globose,
with thick walls, J-J mm. diam., buried in the inner bark with their
bases often slightly sunk in the wood beneath, necks slender, converg-
ing. Ostiola erumpent in a compact fascicle, in all well-developed
specc. distinctly quadrisulcate-cleft, generally not rising much above
the surface of the bark, but sometimes elongated-cylindrical, even
1 mm. or more long, and slightly swollen at the apex. Asci clavate,
minute, 20-25 x 5 /i (p. sp.), (30 x 10 /i, Cke.). Sporidia irregularly
crowded, minute, 3-4 xl/i, allantoid, strongly curved, hyaline, (5 yt
long, Cke.).

On dead limbs of Ailanthus glandulosa, Carolina (Ravenel).
Staten Island, N. Y. (Mrs. Britton), Long Island, N. Y. (Underwood).

The surface of the inner bark in all the specc. is uniformly black-
ened. Sec. Cke. Grev. VIIf p. 52, the ostiola are not sulcate, but in
our copy of Rav. F. Am. and in that at the Phila. Acad, they are un-
mistakably so. The yellowish sporidia and black, thick-walled peri-
thecia point directly to Eutypella, and we have no hesitation in
placing this species there. The length of the ostiola in this and other
species is often variable. On a hickory limb lying with one end on
moist ground and the other end high and dry, we have seen Valsa
caryigena, B. & C, occupying the entire length of the limb, with the
ostiola at the upper, dry end of the limb, scarcely projecting above the
bark, while at the lower, damp end, they were exserted, 1-2 mm. long.

En. prunastri, (Pers.)

Sphceria prunastri, Pers. Syn. p. 37.
Valsa prunastri, Fr. Summa, p. 411.
Eutypella prunastri, Sacc. Syll. 566.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 596.— Rehm Asc. 477. — Sydow, M. March. 976.— Desra. PI. Crypt
Fd. I, 478.

Stroma valsiform, suborbicular or elliptical in outline, pulvinate,
convex or subconical, black, adnate to the wood, at first covered by
the bark, finally erumpent through transverse cracks in the epidermis.
Perithecia numerous, irregularly crowded, sometimes in more than one
layer, the central ones erect, the marginal ones ascending, subglobose
or angular, attenuated into a neck of variable length. Ostiola thick-
ened, 3-5- (generally 4-) sulcate, short and erect, or longer and diver-
gent or flexuous. Asci narrow-clavate, long-stipitate, 20-30 x 3-4 ju
(p. sp.). Sporidia in the upper part of the asci, subbiseriate, allan-
toid, curved, subhyaline, 6-8 x 1| fi. Spermogonia, Cytispora rubes-
cens, Fr.

On Prunus serotina, Carolina (Schw.)*

493
Eu. angulosa, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 173.

Sphczria prunastri ', B. Betulce, Somm. Flor. L,appon. p. 208.
Sphczria Halseyana, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1319.
Eutypella angulosa, Sacc. Syll. 572.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1574.

Stroma conical, whitish inside, disk ellipsoid or triangular, \-\
cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide. Perithecia numerous, small, ovoid, lying in
the bottom of the stroma, walls thick, black, coriaceous, contracted
into a long neck above, terminating in the short-cylindrical, deeply
4-5-cleft ostiola. Asci (p. sp.) 30-40 x 4-5 p, with a long, filiform
base. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, allantoid, brownish or yellowish, rather
thicker in the middle, 6-7 x l}-2 ft, ends subobtuse.

On dead birch limbs, New York State.

This certainly is very closely allied to Eu. prunastri.

Eu. rugiella, (C. & E.)

Valsa rugiella, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 92.
Eutypella rugiella, Sacc. Syll. 596.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 176.

Perithecia minute (200 p diam.), 10-20 crowded in orbicular
clusters just beneath the epidermis, which is slightly elevated. Pus-
tules very numerous and sometimes subseriately arranged, not circum-
scribed, necks very short, and the short-cylindrical, faintly sulcate.
finally umbilicate ostiola erumpent in a compact fascicle, but not much
exserted. Asci (p. sp.) about 25 x 5 p. Sporidia subbiseriate, cylin-
drical, nearly straight and nearly hyaline, 4-5 xl //.

On bark of dead maple, Newfield, N. J.

Eu. veniista, (Ell.)

Valsa venusta, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 112.
Eutypella venusta, Sacc. Syll. 591.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 875.

Perithecia 15-20, 250 p diam., lying in a loose, cortical stroma.
3-4 mm. diam., and circumscribed by a black line penetrating deeply
into the wood. Ostiola cylindrical, roughish, slender, slightly swollen
above, convergent and erumpent through cracks in the bark, but
scarcely exserted, 2-3 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium,
more or less distinctly 4-sulcate at the apex, but often rounded and
smooth; united at first in a black, uneven, elongated disk which is
finally obliterated. Asci clavate, p. sp. 30 x 35 p. Sporidia subbi-
seriate, allantoid, curved, subhyaline, 7-9 x 1J-1J p. 1>0

On dead branches of Robinia jiseudacacia, Newfield, N. J.

Specc. of Valsa conseptata, Schw. in Herb. Schw., are different

494

from this. The diagnosis here given is from a reexamination of the
original specc., and differs in some respects from that in Torr. Bull.

Eu. Platani, (Schw.)

SphcBria Platani, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1372
Eutypella Platani, Sacc. Syll. 592.

Pustules gregarious, small, numerous, lying under the epidermis
which is slightly raised, and radiately fissured around the erumpent
fascicle of short-cylindrical or conic-cylindrical, strongly quadrisulcate,
slightly exserted ostiola. Perithecia few in a pustule (4-6 mostly), not
deeply buried, small, necks short. Sporidia allantoid, nearly hyaline,
10-12 x 2 }i. The asci in the specc, examined had disappeared. The
ostiola are at first joined in a brown disk which is soon obliterated.
Stroma of a lighter color than the surrounding bark, and without any
circumscribing line.

On loose bark of Platamis, New York, Pennsylvania and Louis-
iana.

Eu. Leaiana, (Berk.)

Spharia Leaiana, Berk. Hook. L,ond. journ. Bot. IV, p. 311.
Eutypella Leaiana, Sacc. Syll. 585.

Innate. Stroma pallid, about \ a line diani., of a rather loose
texture, and circumscribed by a black line penetrating the wood,
Perithecia not numerous, circinate, elliptical. Ostiola forming a little
tuft, rather elongated, umbilicate, finely grooved, granulated. Asci
lanceolate. Sporidia minute (7-8 p long), curved like those of Dia-
trypella verruciformis. Distinguished from Diaporthe Carpini1
by its pretty, granulated ostiola and its minute, curved, not lanceolate
sporidia.

On bark of dead hornbeam (Carjyinus), Ohio and Carolina.

En. £<mi6stoma, (Schw.)

Sphceria goniostoma, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1373.
Valsa goniostoma, Cke. Valsei of U. S. No. 9.
Eutypella goniostoma, Sacc. Syll. 587.

Pustules closely covered by the epidermis, flat and thin, often con-
fluent 1|-2| mm. diam. Perithecia 8-15 in a pustule, J-J mm. diam.,
crowded, subcircinate, buried in the bark, without any stroma, Ostiola
stout, crowded, erect, deeply quadrisulcate, short conic-cylindrical,
erumpent in an orbicular or elliptical tuft closely embraced by the
perforated epidermis. Asci about 25-30 x 5 // (p. sp.). Sporidia sub-
biseriate, allantoid, yellowish, not strongly curved, 7-9 x 2 fjt.

On various branches, Carolina (Curtis), on the younger branches

41)5

of Sassafras, Carolina (Schw.), on branches of Rhus venenata, New
Jersey (Ellis).

Eu. juglandicola, (Schw.)

Sphceriajuglandicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1328.
Valsa juglandicola , Stevenson, 1. c.

" Innate, prominent, pustules in confluent parallel series, stroma
cortical, circumscribed; easily recognized from its manner of growth,
longitudinally erumpent and confluent; even the perithecia in the
pustules seriately arranged. Conceptacle obliterated.

On branches of Juglans alba, Carolina/' (Schw.).

Specimens sent under this name by Peck from Troy, N. Y., on
Juglans, agree with the diagnosis of Schweinitz quoted above, only
the perithecia are not seriately arranged in the pustules, but irregu-
larly circinate, and there is no discoloration of the bark or any circum-
scribing line. The perithecia in the Troy specimens are numerous,
10-16 in a pustule, small (J mm.). Ostiola short, obtuse, hemispherical,
sulcate, erumpent in small, seriate fascicles rising but little above the
epidermis, which is raised into little seriate pustules so close together
as to form almost continuous, close-lying, longitudinal ridges. Asci
clavate, about 40x6 p.. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, about 7 x 1 J— 2 fz.

Notwithstanding the slight discrepancies, this seems to be the
species described by Schweinitz.

Var. juglandina (Valsa juglandina, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 92),
differs only in the pustules being scattered or only subseriate, and
perithecia mostly only 3-8 in a pustule. We make the sporidia 6-$ x
H-2// (10-15x3/2, Cke.).

Eu. scoparia, (Schw.)

SphcBria scoparia, Schw. Syn. Car. 101, id. Syn. N. Am. 1318.
Valsa scoparia, Stevenson, 1. c.
Eutypella longirosiris, Pk.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2517.

Stromata cortical, orbicular, 2-4 mm. diam., often confluent, sur-
rounded by a thin, black stratum, showing a distinct, black, circum-
scribing line on a horizontal section, raising the bark but slightly.
Perithecia 5-12 in a stroma, buried in the scarcely altered substance
of the bark, globose, about J mm. diam., black and polished inside,
with coriaceous walls, contracted above into slender necks terminating
in a close fascicle of more or less elongated, cylindrical, deeply 4-5-cleft
ostiola. Asci clavate, p. sp. 18-22 x 4 //. Sporidia crowded, allantoic!,
minute, strongly curved, yellowish-hyaline, 4 x 1 p, with a nucleus in
each end.

On dead elm branches, Canada to Missouri.

Agrees with specimens in Herb. Schw.

496

En. microcarpa, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 122.

Perithecia in clusters of 4-12, buried in the inner bark, which is
uniformly stained, of a pale slate color, their bases scarcely penetrating
the wood, globose, about f mm. diam., with thick, coriaceous walls,
black and shining within. The surface of the bark is raised into dis-
tinct pustules over the perithecia, and is more or less cracked and
pierced by the cylindrical, rough, black, 1-2 mm. long ostiola, which
are distinctly quadrisulcate-cleft at their tips, and issue in a little fas-
cicle, with their bases more or less connate, but diverging above.
Asci minute, 12-14x4-5 // (p. sp.), with a slender base. Sporidia
crowded in the asci, yellowish in the mass, allantoid, strongly curved,
with a nucleus in each end, 3-4 xl ju (mostly not over 3§ fi long).

On decaying limbs of (peach)? St. Martinsville, La. (Langlois 1481).

Differs from Eutypa heteracantha, Sacc, in the absence of bristles,
the sulcate ostiola, and smaller sporidia. More closely allied to Eu.
scoparia, from which it differs in its more scattered growth, mostly
fewer (4-8) perithecia in a stroma, and the absence of any circum-
scribing line. In Eu. scoparia also the stroma ta are often seriately
connate.

Eu. Macliirae, (C. & E.)

Valsa Maclurcz, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 14.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 873.

Pustules small (1—1 J mm.), slightly elevating the bark, numerous.
Perithecia 2-8 in a pustule, globose, black, \ mm. diam., necks short,
erumpent in a pale, furfuraceous disk which is soon obliterated.
Ostiola globose-conical, finally more or less distinctly radiate-cleft.
Asci (p. sp.) about 30 x 5 /«, 8-spored. Sporidia partly biseriate, oblong-
fusoid, slightly curved or subinequilateral, yellowish, 5-7x2-2| p,
(5 ju long, Cke.).

On dead limbs of Madura aurantiaca, Newfield, N. J.

The fasciculate ostiola rise abruptly together, but they are not
elongated much above the disk. The sporidia are mostly a little
thicker in the middle.

En. canodisca, Ell. & Holway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July,
1890, p. 223.

Stroma depressed-hemispherical, 1 J— 2 mm. diam., flattened above
and covered by a circular blackish-gray, definitely limited disk 1-1 \
mm. diam., and pierced in the center by the fascicle of deeply 4-suh
cate ostiola. Perithecia 6-15 in a stroma, seated on the surface of the
subjacent wood, ovoid or subangular from mutual pressure, \-\ mm.

4D7

diam., with thick, black walls, and contracted above into short, con-
verging necks with quadrisulcate ostiola collected in a slightly erum-
pent fascicle in the center of the disk. The upper part of the stroma
around and between the necks of the peritbecia, is filled with whitish,
grumous matter. Asci about 100 (i long, including the slender base,
(p. sp. 50x10-12 f±). Paraphyses filiform, abundant. Sporidia 8 in
an ascus, allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved, 12-18 x3|-4 ji.
The stromata are often confluent. The wood beneath is marked by a
distinct, black, circumscribing line. The circular, flat, grayish-black
disk is a distinguishing character.

On dead branches of Salix, Decorah, Iowa (Holway).

Eli. sabalina, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 52.

Pustules small, oblong, 1-2 mm. long, prominent. Perithelia
2—5 in a stroma composed of the unaltered or more or less blackened
substance of the stem, globose, about J mm. diam., black and shining
inside, walls thick. Ostiola subconvergent, erumpent but scarcely
prominent, obtusely conical, distinctly quadrisulcate, stout. Asci 35-
40x5-6 //, lanceolate-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate. allan-
toid, nearly hyaline, obtuse, 7-8 x 1J-2 f±.

On Sabal. Georgia and Florida.

The surface of the stem is generally blackened continuously where
occupied by the fungus, but there is no distinct circumscribing line
around each separate pustule.

En. tumidula, (C. & P.)

Valsa tumidula, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 58.
Eutypella tumidula, Sacc. Syll. 593.

Erumpent, piercing the elevated, discolored cuticle, ultimately
exposing the blackened disk. Perithecia 4-6, semiimniersed in the
wood, circumscribed by a black line. Ostiola obtuse, quadrisulcate.
Asci clavate. Sporidia linear, straight or curved, obtuse, hyaline. 10-
13 ft long.

On dead \ tranches of Cratmgus, New York State (Peck).

Eu. aleiirina, (B. & C.)

Valsa {Eutypella} aleurina, B. & C. Grev. XIV, p. 46.

Pustules convex, orbicular, densely gregarious, erumpent, the epi-
dermis stellately cleft around the ostiola. Perithecia black, nestling
in the bark, their sulcate necks converging. Asci clavate. 8-8pore&
Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 8 /i long.

On bark of Platanus, North Carolina.
63

498

Seems to differ from Eu. Platani, Schw., in its shorter sporidia
and convex pustules.

Eu. constellata, (B. & €.)

Valsa {Eutypella) constellata, B. & C. Grev. XIV, p. 46.

"Pustules orbicular, seriate or irregularly scattered, erunipe
densely gregarious. Perithecia black, globose, few (4-6), crowded,
necks abbreviated, ostiola sulcate. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia
allantoid, hyaline.

On branches of Carya, &c, North Carolina.'7

Eu. radula, (Pers.)

Sphceria radula, Pers. Syn. p. 37, sec. Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1369.
Valsa radula, Pers. in Cke. Valsei U. S. No. 15.
Eutypella grandis, (Nits)? Sacc. Syll. 578.

Commonly in extensive tracts confluent far and wide under the
closely enveloping epidermis which is roughened by the projecting
tufts of ostiola more or less prominent and mostly 5-sided. Perithecia
rather large, lying in a white stroma formed from the substance of the
bark, without any conceptacle or circumscribing line.

On various branches, especially of poplar, Carolina (Schw.).

Sec. Cke. (1. c), the sporidia are 10-12 fi long. This measu
ment, however, was from European specc.

Eu. niphoclina, (Cke.)

Valsa niphoclina, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 109.
Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 748.

Lineate-erumpent. Perithecia ovate, lying in a white stroma.
Ostiola short, converging, sulcate, erumpent in transverse lines. Asci
cylindric-clavate. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 8x2//.

On bark of Betula nigra, Florence, So. Ca. (Ravenel).

The spec, in our copy of Rav. F. Am. is worthless — not even
affording perithecia.

Eu. conseptata, (Schw.)

Sphczria conseptata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1374.

Valsa conseptata, Stev. Add. to Cooke's Valsei, No. 114.

. Not pustulate, gregariously erumpent, effused under the epider-
mis, disk at first brownish-black, convex, at length obliterated by the
slightly exserted, stellate-angular ostiola. Perithecia nestling in the
bark, variously subcircinate, without any distinct conceptacle, but
several clusters surrounded by one common circumscribing line pene-
trating the bark and wood. Sec. Stevenson, 1. c. sporidia allantoid,
hyaline, 8 J x3J /a.

Found under the bark of Gleditschla, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

499

Species imperfectly known.
En. monticulosa, (B. & C.)

Valsa nionticulosa, B. & C. Cke. Valsei U. S. No. 6.
Eutypella motiticulosa, Sacc. Syll. 591.

Merely the name is given and measurement of sporidia, 8-10 //

long.

On Magnolia glauca, Carolina (Curtis).

En. corynostoma, (B. & Rav.)

Valsa corynostoma, B. & Rav. Grew IV, p. 102.
Eutypella corynostoma, Sacc. Syll. 597.

"Pustules small, scarcely raising the bark. Ostiola fasciculate,
club shaped. Sporidia minute, sausage-shaped."
On Acer rubrum, Carolina (Ravenel).

En. indistincta, (Schw.)

Sphceria indistincta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1377.

Scattered, covered closely by the slightly elevated, scarcely rup-
tured, not revolute epidermis. Ostiola slightly prominent, angular,
black, stout, exuding a dark-colored juice. Perithecia 3-4, large,
black, bedded in a cortical stroma scarcely discolored.

On young branches of Sassafras, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Sporidia (sec. Stevenson 1. c), 6J x 4§ p.

En. quadrifida, (Schw.)

Sphceria quadrifida, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1378.
Valsa quadrifida, Schw. Stevenson 1. c.

At first covered and gregarious in elongated patches forming a
tubercle in the bark two lines across and covered by the adherent
epidermis moderately elevated. Ostiola thick, short, black, generally
4-cleft, obtuse. Perithecia rather large. 3-4 together, shining black,
ovate, suberect, lying in a cortical stroma. Sporidia (sec. Stevenson)
91x31//.

On branches and trunks of V actinium corymbosum. Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schw.).

Eu. penta&ona, (Pers.)

Sphceria pentagona, Pers. Syn. p. 42, Fr. S. M. II. p. 407.

Perithecia circinate, largo, covered by the bark. Ostiola shining-
black, 4-5-angled.

Found (sec. Schw.) in North Carolina, on branches of Sassafras.
but the species is a very doubtful one.

500

EUTYPA, Till.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 52.

Stroma effused, either sunk in the matrix which is blackened on
the surface, but unchanged within, except in being limited by a black,
circumscribing line, or raised partly above the surface of the matrix,
the raised part differing in substance and color from the rest. Peri-
thecia scattered, lying in one or more layers, mostly with short,
exserted ostiola. Asci long-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia allantoid,
hyaline or yellowish-hyaline.

From the material at our command, we are not able to add many
original observations on the species of this genus, and the descriptions
given are mostly taken from Winter's Pilze and Saccardo's Sylloge.

* Ostiola 4- or 7iiore-sulcate.

Eii. spinosa, (Pers.)

Sphceria spinosa, Pers. Syn. p. 34, tab. II, figs. 9-12.
Sphceria limcsformis, Schw. Syn. Car. 47.
Diatrype Berengeriana, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 27, tab. 26.
Valsa spinosa, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 127.
Eutypa spinosa, Tul. 1. c.
Exsicc. Fekl. F. Rh. 1050.— Rab. F. E. 936 —EH. N. A. F. 1183—140. Fungi Hung. 273.
Rav. Fung. Car. Ill, 58.

Stroma widely effused, often for a foot or more in extent, seated
in the wood or the thicker and harder parts of the bark, the outer
layer of which is soon thrown off, exposing the blackened matrix
which it penetrates, forming a black crust 2-4 mm. thick, clothed at
first with black conidia-bearing hairs simple or branched. Conidia
(Trichosporium Berengerianum, Sacc.) obovate, truncate at base,
dark brown, 7x5//, solitary or verticillate, terminal. Perithecia
buried in the surface of the wood or bark, globose or ovate, 1-1 \ mm.
high, thickly crowded and thus becoming angular or flattened, with
very large, thick, wrinkled, pyramidal, deeply 4-cleft, exserted ostiola.
Asci narrow-clavate, long-stipitate, 8-spored, p. sp. 30-40x5-6 p..
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, slightly curved, pale brownish or yel-
lowish, 8-10x2 fi.

On old logs and limbs of various deciduous trees, maple, oak, <fec,
common.

Eu. liidibiinda, Sacc. Michelia, I, p. 15.

Valsa referciens, Sacc. Myc. Ven. Spec. p. 128.
Exsicc. Rab. F. Eur. 2323.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2118, a. & b.— Sacc. M. Ven.
200, 1464.

501

Stroma broadly effused, formed of the unchanged or oftener black-
ened substance of the bark or wood, or also pulvinate, toiberculiform or
valsoid, sometimes hardly perceptible. Perithecia subglobose, monos-
tichous, scattered irregularly as in Cryptospho&ria or collected in
valsoid groups as in Eutypella, white-furfuraceous outside at first.
Ostiola mostly short, but also subelongated, curved or obtuse, more or
less deeply 4-5-snlcate, never smooth as in Eu. lata. Asci clavate,
long-stipitate, p. sp. 35-55x6-8 fi. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid,
rounded at the ends, slightly curved, yellowish, 9-15 x 2 J— 3 //.

On dead wood and bark of Ulmus, Canada (Dearness), on Robinia

pseudacacki and (Genista tinctoria)^. Newfield, X. J.

The specc. in N. A. F. (a) and the Canada specc. on Ulmus, have
the stroma pulvinate as in Diatrype, \-\ cm. across, and more or less
confluent, white inside, circumscribed with a black line; N. A. F. 2118
(b) has the stroma much smaller and valsiform or subeffused. Sac-
cardo enumerates 38 different hosts, and in Syll. I, p. 1 68 refers to this
as probable synonyms, Valsa leprosd, (Pers.), V. confluens Nits., and
perhaps V. refer dens, Nits. The species is a very variable one and
widely diffused.

Eii. milliaria, (Fr.)

Sphcsria milliaria Fr. in Kze. & Schmidt. Mycol. Hefte, II, p. 36.

Diatrype milliaria, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 3S5.
Valsa milliaria, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 149.
Eutypa milliaria, Sacc. .Syll. 649.

Stroma broadly effused or maculiform, roundish or elongated to
as much as 3 cm., or irregularly confluent, forming narrow, parallel
stripes lying close together, sunk in the wood which is pustuliform-
elevated and more or less blackened, at first only on the surface, but
finally also within. Perithecia entirely buried in the wood, monos-
tichous, crowded, globose, with short necks and globose, entire or
slightly sulcate ostiola, which render the smooth (at first uncolored)
surface of the wood black-punctate. Asci clavate-eylindrical, long-
stipitate, 8-spored, about 25x5 ijl (p. sp.). Sporidia biseriate or uni-
seriate below, allantoid, slightly curved, hyaline, 7-9 x H-2 u.

On decorticated wood, New Jersey (Schw.), Pennsylvania (Mich-
ener sec. Berk in Grew We have seen no specc. Found in Europe
on hard, dry wood of oak, beech, Staphylea, Ac.

This and Eu.leioplaca are always on bare wood, which is raised
into pustuliform swellings with the surface at first uncolored, but finally
blackened through and through. The perithecia being entirely sunk
in the stroma, leave the surface smooth and even, but punctate-rough-
ened by the slightly projecting ostiola.

502

Eu. Acharii, Till. Sel. Carp. II, p. 53.

Lichen Eutypus, Achar. I,ich. Prodr. p. 14.
Sphceria decomponens, Sow. Eng. Fungi, II, tab. 217'.
Sphceria operculata, Pers. Syn. p. 80, (pr. p.)
Sphceria astroidea and S. Eutypa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 478.
Valsa Eutypa, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 131.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 1925.— Rehra Asc. 169.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 22.

Stroma broadly effused, sunk in the wood which is blackened both
on the surface and within, at first clothed with short, dark brown,
thickly tufted, conidial hairs, finally bare, lusterless, black, roughened
by the numerous, slightly exserted, conical or obtuse, 2-5-cleft ostiola.
Perithecia monostichous, thickly and mostly quite evenly scattered,
globose, small, deeply buried, with more or less elongated, slender
necks. Asci narrow-clavate, long-stipitate, 8-spored, p. sp. 20-30 x
4-5 fjt. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, curved, brownish, 5-7 x 1-1 J [i.

On the bare wood and on the bark of various deciduous trees.
On poplar, New York State (Peck), on limbs of Pyrus and Gary a,
New Jersey. Not as common as the preceding species, or at least, not
as abundant.

Eu. elevans, (Schw.)

Sphceria elevans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1303.

Covered by the loosened fibers of the wood, which are raised so
as to make the surface uneven over a considerable extent. Perithecia
covered by the black-pulverulent stroma, rattier large (J mm.), de-
pressed-globose, subradiate-circinate, the stout, prominent ostiola burst-
ing out in small fascicles or singly, deeply quadrisulcate, and render-
ing the wood rough to the touch.

On denuded wood of Rhus glabra, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Sporidia allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved, 5-6 x 1 J fi.
Measurements of perithecia ^and sporidia from specc. in Herb. Schw.

** Ostiola not distinctly sulcate.

Eu. heteracantha, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 504. (Plate 33)

Valsa heteracantha, Sacc. Mycol. Ven. Spec. p. 129, tab, XIV, figs. 35-42.
Valsa hylodes, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 40.
Valsa atomcespora, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 109.
Eutypa echinata, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 43.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1859.— Sacc. M. V. 1460, 1461, 1462.— Roum. F. G. 1175, 3942.— Rab.
F. E. 2770.— Rav. F. Car. IV, No. 43— Rav. F. Am. 660.— Ell. N. A. F. 690.

Perithecia membranaceous, globose, §-§ mm. diam., in clusters of
4-6, buried in the scarcely altered, fibrous substance of the inner bark,
their stout, cylindrical, roughish, black ostiola \ mm. long, pierced
with a small aperture at the smooth, rounded apex, bursting through

503

the epidermis (which is not split or torn) in little fascicles, with
numerous light brown, coarse, tow-like hairs as long as or a little longer
than the ostiola, and causing the surface of the bark to appear as if
covered with clumps of miniature, brush-like hairs. The ostiola arc <»{'
a carbonaceous character, as they readily break square off, so as to
appear truncate. The clusters of perithecia lie in parallel series, or
lines, extending for three or more centimeters, and the epidermis,
which remains closely attached, is scarcely elevated by the subjacent
perithecia. Asci clavate, with a slender, thread-like base, spore-hrar-
ing part 18-22 x 5 /*, with the upper part broader and obtuse. Sp<>-
riclia cylindrical, hyaline, or with a faint yellow tint, rather strongly
curved, about 5x1//, with a faint nucleus near each end.

On bark of a decaying log of Carya olivmformis, Louisiana
(Langlois), on bark of Fraximis, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Saccardo finds conidia on the hyphomycetous growth around the
ostiola, obovoid, 6x5-6 //, dark brown, 1 -nucleate. Harpographiuui
fasciculatum., Sacc. (N. A. F. 2000) he considers the macroconidial
stage. The species is widely diffused in Europe and probably here.

Eu. veliitina, (Wallr.)

Sphczria veluiina, Wallr. Fl. Cr. No. 4066.

Sphceria mela, Schw. Syti. N. Am. 1308, sec. spec, in Herb. Schw.
Eutypa velutina, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. IV, p. 16, F. Ital. tab. 472.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 680.— Rehm Asc. 976.— Sydow, M. March. 2062.

Stroma broadly effused, originating under the bark, which is soon
thrown off. Perithecia globose, black, thickly scattered, sunk in the
wood, the surface of which is not swollen or pustulate but even, atten-
uated above into short necks with conical, black, shining ostiola
rounded and smooth at the apex, barely erumpent but not exserted.
Asci fusoid, long-stipitate, p. sp. 22-26 x 3|-4 //. Sporidia allantoid,
pale olivaceous, slightly curved, 5-6 x 1 ji.

On dead trunks and limbs of Querents obtusiloba, Xewfield. X. J.,
on oak wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Specc. on Acer campestre, found by Saccardo in Italy, have the
asci and sporidia larger, 35 x4| fx and 7-9 x 2 fi.

Eu. rivnlosa, (Schw.)

Sphceria rivnlosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1304.

Stroma elongated, reaching one foot long and one inch wide, at
first subimmersed and covered by the cineraseent fibers of the wood,
finally entirely emergent, with an irregular outline, surface rivulose
and undulate, and when old narrowly sulcate longitudinally, and col-

504

liculose, and then quite black. Ostiola prominent on the ridges, black,
subcylindrical, subelongated, apices subtruncate, rugose and perforated.
Perithecia lather large. Bubglobose, crowded, monostiehous, covered by

the black stroma which is whitish above.

On wood of Lanrus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, of this species in Herb. Schw. agrees fairly well with
the above diagnosis except the ostiola which are tuberculiform-hemis-
pherical, distinctly papilliform at first, finally perforated or irregularly
sublaciniate-dehiscent, and the perithecia small, ovate-globose, less than
\ mm. diam. Asci clavate-fusoid, 30-35 x5/z. Sporidia subbiseriate,
allantoid, yellowish, 5-6 x 1| p. The stroma becomes at length quite
superficial, forming a black crust less than 1 mm. thick, and ridged
like the furrows of a plowed field. Allied to E. maura, sec. Schw.

Eu. lata, (Pers.)

Sphceria lata, Pers. Obs. Mycol. I, p. 66.
Diatrype lata, Fr. Summa, p. 385.
Valsa lata, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 141.
Eutypa lata, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 56.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1046.— Rab. F. E. 935— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 375.— id. Ser. II, 470, 471.

Stroma widely effused, continuous, innate in the wood or bark,
uneven from the irregularly emergent, scattered perithecia, brown or
cinereous, becoming black. Perithecia monostiehous, immersed in the
wood or bark which is not discolored within, more or less protuberant,
globose, about | mm. diam., necks very short or almost none. Ostiola
obtusely conical or subhemispherical, entire or rarely obscurely sul-
cate. Asci cylindric-clavate, long-pedicellate, p. sp. 40-45x4-5 jut.
Sporidia subbiseriate, elongated, curved or nearly straight, yellowish.
8-12xl|-2 fi. Spermogonia hemispherical or subcorneal, simple,
immersed in the young stroma. Spermatia slender-cylindrical, vari-
ously curved, subsessile, hyaline, at length expelled in rose-colored
cirrhi, 18-22x1 //.

On dead limbs of various deciduous trees, common.

Eu. flavovirescens, (Hoff.)

Sphceria flavovirescens, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 10.
Sphceria multiceps, Sow. Fng. Fungi, tab. 394. fig. 8.
Diatrype jlavovir ens, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 385.
Valsa flavovirens. Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 139.

Eutypa Jlavovir ens, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 57, tab. VII, figs. 1-7.
Eutypa flavovirescens, Sacc. Syll, 643.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1049, 1825.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 48. — Rehm Asc. 219.— Thum. M. t'.
1364.— Roum. F. G. 171.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 23.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 368. Ser. II,
469.— Desm. PI. Cr. Fd. I, 477.

Stroma of very different form and extent, tuberculiform, flattened-
pulvinate, elongated and interruptedly-confluent or continuous, extend

505

fog often for several inches, with the surface colliculose and uneven,
nearly superficial or sometimes sunk in the wood or bark and only
slightly prominent, surface black, yellow or greenish-yellow within.
Perithecia irregularly monostichous, globose, small, with very short
necks, and small, obtuse, wrinkled, conical, not sulcate ostiola. Asci
cylindric-clavate, long-stipitate, 8-spored, p. sp. 30-50x2-3 fi.

On decorticated limbs, Lyndon ville, N. Y. (Fairman), Carolina
(Ravenel).

Probably not uncommon, but the specc. quoted are the only ones
we have seen.

En. maiira, (Fr.)

SphcEria maura, Fr. in Kze. and Schm. Mycol. Hefte, II, p. 50.
Entypa maura, Sacc. Syll. 627.

Stroma widely effused, deeply immersed in the wood which is
more or less elevated and blackened within and without, the surface
smooth and at length paler, densely black-punctate from the numerous
ostiola. Perithecia deeply buried, monostichous, globose, rather large,
generally crowded, with rather long, thick necks. Ostiola not thick-
ened, hemispherical or subglobose, rarely much exserted, but then
subcorneal, very black, smooth, shining, at length slightly quadri-
sulcate. Asci narrow-clavate, very long-stipitate, 8-spored, 30 x 5-6 ft
(p. sp.) Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, somewhat curved, yellowish.
8-10 x2//.

On decorticated limbs, Pennsylvania, frequent (sec. Schw.).

Eii. leitfplaca, (Fr.)

Sphceria leioplaca, Fr. S. M. II, p. 370.
Diatrype leioplaca, Fr. Summa, Veg. Sc. p. 385.
Valsa leioplaca, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 151.
Eutypa leioplaca, Cke. Hndbk. II, p. 800.
Exsicc. Cke. Fungi, Brit. Ser. I, 366.— Sydow, M. March. 1727, 1827.

Stroma widely effused or interrupted and maculiform, very thin,
immersed in the wood and not at all or only slightly raised above it,
smooth and pale brown at first, becoming at length dirty black.
Perithecia monostichous, globose, very small, densely crowded, sunk
deeply in the wood which becomes blackened, suddenly contracted
into a tolerably long, slender neck, with the very small, punctiform
ostiolum scarcely exserted. Asci clavate, long-stipitate, p. sp. 36-40 x
5_6 ^ 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, slightly curved, yel-
lowish, 6-16 x l|-3 fi (mostly 8-12 x 2 fi).

On decorticated wood, Carolina and New Jersey (sec. Berk, k
Schw.).

We have seen no American specimens.
64

506

*"*** Species imperfectly known.
Eii. Mori -riibrse, (Schw.)

Sphceria Mori-rubrce, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1302.

Bare, rather thick, scarcely concrescent, semiimmersed, some-
times confluent in patches J of an inch across, and sometimes subsimple
(subsolitary). Surface very uneven and rough. Ostiola subpromi-
nent, perforated. Perithecia rather large, monostichous, immersed in
a sooty-black stroma, entirely black outside.

On decaying wood of Moras rubra, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Eu. confiisa, (Schw.)

Sphceria confusa, Schw. 1. c. 1306.

Broadly effused, not deeply immersed, concrescent, black, irreg-
ular in outline. Perithecia polystichous, in a black, pulveraceous
stroma, obovate, contracted above into a rough, subpyramidal, angular,
finally perforated ostiolum.

On bark and wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. looks like some crowded Melanomma,
bat old and broken down, spores all gone.

Eu. elongato-compressa, (Schw.)

Sphceria elongato-compressa, Schw. 1. c. 1305.

Patches abbreviated, much elevated, at first subimmersed, com-
pressed, seriately confluent longitudinally, rough, irregularly elliptical,
subconically compressed and elevated in the center. Ostiola irregular,
slightly prominent, subglabrous. Perithecia globose-depressed, rather
large, few, stroma very scanty and black. The wood is colliculose-
roughened, but does not turn black between the groups of perithecia.

On decorticated wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. looks like some old Diatrype, but is
entirely without fruit.

Eu. denigrata, (Schw.)

Sphceria denigrata, Schw. 1. c. 1307.

Broadly effused, crust thin and black, blackening the wood. On
this crust are seen wart-like processes longitudinally elongated, lying
parallel and subconfluent, formed by a congeries of perithecia im-
mersed in them with their minute ostiola seriately erumpent and but
slightly prominent. The perithecia are white inside, depressed-glo-
bose, scattered in the stromatic crust.

On wood of Rhododendron maximum, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. is a mere steiile crust.

507

En. sepulta, (B. & C.)

Sphceria sepulta, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 151.
Eutypa sepulta, Sacc. Syll. 659.

"Perithecia buried as in Sphceria Berkeley! (Diaporthe). Osti-
ola emergent Sporidia allantoid, minute.

On Smilax, Car. Inf. No. 1882."

Sphceria (Eutypa)? oppanm, Fr. S. M. II, p. 374. — Covered.
effused. Perithecia scattered, subcircinate, delicate, Mack, joined in ;i
pale membranaceous crust, ostiola erumpent. The crust seems to be
formed from a gelatinous substance. Perithecia solitary or irregularly
circinate, readily collapsing. Differs from Eu. lata in the nature of
the perithecia and color of the crust.

Found (sec. Schw.) on willow bark, Bethlehem, Pa.

Sphceria (Eutypa) subentanea, Wahl. Fr. S. M. 1 1, p. 371. — This
is quoted by Schw. as found under the epidermis of young branches of
Hibes at Bethlehem, Pa., but the spec, in Herb. Schw. seems to lie the
same as Diatrype Dearnessli, E. & E., in N. A. F. 2526, sporidia
5x1 //. The Sphceria subcutanea, Wahl., is under the epidermis of
willow and has (sec. Sacc. in Syll.) sporidia 12-14 x3-3| /i.

CALOSPHJERIA, Tul.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 108.

Stroma none. Perithecia free or seated on the inner bark, scat-
tered or oftener collected in more or less distinctly circinate groups.
Ostiola more or less elongated. Asci clavate, generally racemose-fas-
ciculate, sessile or stipitate, mostly 8-spored. Paraphyses mostly much
longer than the asci, stout, lanceolate, evanescent. Sporidia mostly
small, cylindrical, curved, hyaline, continuous.

Cal. princeps, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 109, tab. XIII, figs. 17-22.

Sphceria pulchella, Pers. Disp. p. 3.
/ 'a/sa pulchella, Fr. Sumrna, p. 412.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 618.— Kunze F. Sel. 272.— Rab. F. E. 525.— Thum. M. U. 1S54.— Plowr
Sph. Brit. 481— EH. N. A. F. 497.

Perithecia lying on the surface of the inner bark in orbicular
or elliptical groups, generally densely crowded, globose, smooth and
shining. Necks very long, decumbent, llexuous. cylindrical, with their
ostiola directed towards transverse cracks in the epidermis, erumpent
and more or less exserted and obtuse. Asci clavate. with long and
slender pedicels, p. sp. 18-26x4 /;, 8-spored, overtopped by the long
paraphyses. Sporidia loosely conglomerated, cylindrical, curved, hya-
line, 5-6 x 1$ fjt.

508

On dead peach and. plum trees, common. Also at Newfield, N. J.
on Pyrus arbutifolia.

CaL pulchelloidea, (C. & E.)

Valsa pulchelloidea, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 92.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 498.

Perithecia about 300 /i diam., subglobose, brownish-black, seated
on the surface of the inner bark, in loose groups of 30-50 or more, with
their long, slender ostiola converging and erumpent through large,
subcircular openings 'in the epidermis, or irregularly scattered under
it, often in broad, continuous, or interrupted strips. The ostiola are
very brittle, variable in length, mostly not decumbent, and their tips
are not united in a disk. Asci abundant, 25-30 /j. long*(including the
slender base), and about 5 /x thick, clavate and rounded above. Par-
aphyses lanceolate, stout, much longer than the asci. Sporidia allan-
toid, nearly straight, hyaline, 5-6 x 1 p..

On bark of oak logs and limbs, Newfield, N. J.

CaL assecla, (Schw.)

Sphceria assecla, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1622.

Very minute, brown. Perithecia globose, collected in extensive
groups sometimes for half an inch around the pustules of other
Sphcerias, but seldom circinate. Ostiola three times as long as the
diameter of the perithecia, inclined, terete, comparatively stout.

Under the epidermis of Castanea always associated with or sur-
rounding the pustules of other Sphcerias, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Cooke in his Synopsis 1901, places this in his subgenus Calo-
sphceria. The species is not represented in Herb. Schw. The de-
scription applies very well to C. pulchelloidea, C. & E., which may
be the same thing.

Cal. niicrotheca, (C. & E.)

Spliceria nricrotheca, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 51, and VI, p. 14.
Calosphceria microtheca, Sacc. Syll. 398.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 580.

Perithecia subgregarious or scattered, small (J mm. or less),
globose, black, submembranaceous, covered by the epidermis at first,
but when this falls away they become superficial. In some cases they
appear to have been superficial from the first, as on wood of bleached
limbs; in this case the base of the perithecia is slightly sunk in the
wood. Ostiola variable, often short, reduced to a mere subulate point,
erect, or elongated (1 mm.) and decumbent, directed towards some
opening in the epidermis. Asci clavate, stipitate, 22-25 (p. sp. 15-18)
x6 // (25x10 p., Cke.), racemose-fasciculate, soon truncate above.

509

Paraphyses not observed. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, hyaline,
4xlJ/£.

On various dry, dead limbs, Ncwiield, N. J.

Cal. rimicola, (Schw.)

Splicer ia rimicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1397.
Valsa (microspores) rimicola, Cke. Syn. 1789.

Perithecia in compact circinate groups of 3-12, suberect, ovate-
globose, about \ mm. diam., often collapsing, seated on the surface of
the inner bark and slightly sunk in it, closely covered by the epider-
mis, which is raised into slight pustules and ruptured in narrow, trans-
verse cracks, through which issue the slender, cylindrical, smooth,
black ostiola in a loose fascicle, not united in any disk and hardly
rising above the surface of the bark. Asci (p. sp.) 22-25 x 5 /i, with
stout, lanceolate paraphyses much longer than the asci. Sporidia
crowded-biseriate, allantoid, 4-5 x 1 //.

On dead limbs ofComptonia asplenifolia, Pennsylvania (Schw.),
New Jersey (Ellis).

When the epidermis is peeled off, the perithecia sometimes
adhere to it, and sometimes not. The specimens of this species in
Herb. Schw. are very poor, but are apparently what we have here
described. Schweinitz says the pustules are immersed in the inner
bark and closely covered by it, but in our specc. the perithecia are
seated on the inner bark and not covered by it.

CaL Cookei, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Valsa parasitica, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 9.

Perithecia circinate, decumbent, soft and pale, finally collapsing,
150-200 p. diam., lying on the surface of the inner bark, above the
pustules of some Valsa. Ostiola slender, pale, soft (carnose), yellow-
ish horn-color when dry, cylindrical, decumbent, converging. Asci
clavate, 25-30 x 5 /i. There is no note of the paraphyses in the fresh
state, and they are not visible in the dry specimen. Sporidia subbiser-
iate, allantoid, moderately curved, 5x1 p..

On an oak log (Quercus coccinea), Newfield, N. J.

Readily distinguished by its soft, carnose texture, and its habitat.

Cal. subcuticularis, (C. & E.)

Valsa subcuticularis, C. & E. Grev. VIII, p. 14.

Valsa didymospora, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 98.

Perithecia small (200/*), globose or ovate, 6-15 together in com-
pact clusters, seated on the inner bark, with ostiola erect-converging
or lying in a circle, with slender, decumbent ostiola converging to the

510

center, and there united in an erumpent disk. Asci racemose-fascicu-
late, with a short but slender base, p. sp. about 18-20 x4 /i, 8-spored.
Paraphyses very long, lanceolate, evanescent. Sporidia allantoid, not
strongly curved, 4-5 x|//.

On dead limbs of Ilex opaca, Newfield, N. J.

The epidermis is ruptured and pustuliform-elevated, and when
this is stripped off. the clusters of perithecia are exposed, seated on the
surface of the inner bark. The surface of the wood beneath the clus-
ters is marked with a slight circumscribing line.

Cal. alnicola, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p.
221.

Subcuticular. Perithecia scattered, subglobose, J mm. diam.,
roughish, seated on the surface of the inner bark, at length slightly
collapsed above. Ostiola short-cylindrical, slightly raising and barely
perforating the epidermis. Asci racemose-fasciculate, clavate-oblong,
20-22 x 3 J-4 ft, 8-spored, the upper end of the spore-mass truncate,
and surmounted by the empty, transparent, dome-shaped apex of the
asci. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, allantoid, curved, 5-6 x 1 //. When
the epidermis is peeled off, the perithecia either adhere to it or remain
attached to the surface of the inner bark, in which respect this differs
from Cryptosphceria secreta, C. & E., in which the perithecia always
adhere to the epidermis. This latter species also has longer, distinctly
clavate asci, with a long, slender base, and longer sporidia, and is, we
believe, specifically distinct from the species on alder, though- much
resembling it.

On dead alder, Newfield, N. J.

Cal. fagicola, (E. & E.)

Valsafagicola, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 118.

Perithecia 10-15, globose, membranaceous, black and shining in-
side, circinating in the surface of the inner bark, and covered with a
dirty yellow powder, collapsing more or less when dry, abruptly con-
tracted into slender necks \-\ mm. long, decumbent and converging
to the center, with their ostiola erumpent in a small, black, slightly
elevated disk, obtusely conical, at length with a rather broad, irregular
opening. Asci (p. sp.) 18-20x3//, racemose-fasciculate, 8-spored, at
first with a rounded, hyaline apex which -soon disappears, leaving
them truncate above. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, curved,
2J-3I x J-j //.

On dead limbs of Fagus ferruginea, West Chester, Pa. (Ever-
hart & Haines).

511

The measurement of the perithecia in Torr. Bull, is too large.
They are about \ mm. diam. This differs from Eutypella microspore*,
Cke., with specc. of which it has been carefully compared, in its smooth
ostiola and smaller perithecia, asci, and sporidia. Cal. tumidula, Sacc.
also has the asci 40 p, and the sporidia 7-8 p long. The epidermis
is only slightly raised, and when stripped off, the perithecia mostly
come with it.

Cal. herbicola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia scattered or 2-3 together, minute, about 100 p diam..
covered at first by the cuticle, but when this disappears, superficial,
globose, black, with a short, spine-like, erect ostiolum. Asci wedge-
shaped, 18-20x5//, truncate above. Paraphyses much longer than
the asci, stout and tapering, but evanescent. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong-elliptical, hj^aline, continuous, 3-4xl|-2 p.

On decaying stems of Leictucei Cemaclensis, Newfield, N. J.

Cal. microsperma, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890,
p. 221. (Plate 33)

Perithecia subcuticular, circinate, 6-18 together, about \ mm.
diam., their cylindrical necks converging and erumpent in a small,
compact fascicle of short ostiola projecting but slightly, and mostly
4-sulcate. Asci clavate, 22-25 x 5 p, gradually attenuated to a slen-
der base; paraphyses much longer than the asci. Sporidia minute,
3| x | p, curved into a semicircle.

On Geirpinus Americana, London, Canada (Dearness).

Cal. Myrica, (C. & E.)

Valsa MyriccB, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 8, and Cke. Syn. 1850.
Eutypella Myricce, Sacc. Syll. 590.

Perithecia globose, often collapsing to concave, about | mm. diam.,
lying on the surface of the inner bark in groups of 10-20, either
densely circinate or occasionally loosely aggregated, abruptly con-
tracted into decumbent, cylindrical necks converging to a central
point, with their obtusely rounded, smooth or obscurely radiate-sulcate
ostiola erumpent in a loose fascicle perforating the thick epidermis,
but scarcely or only slightly rising above it. Asci cylindric-clavate.
Sporidia allantoid, 10-12 x 1 J-3 p, hyaline.

On dead stems of Myrica cerifera (or possibly of Ilex glabrei),
Newfield, N. J.

The specc. of this species in our Herbarium are unfortunately in
poor condition, sterile or old, asci entirely gone and only a few free

512

sporidia. The habit is almost the same as that of Cal. princeps. The
decumbent ostiola are often 1 mm. or more long, and perforate the
epidermis with a circular opening.

Cal. barbirostris, (Dufour).

Sphceria barbirostris, Dufour Fr. S. M. II, p. 473.
Sphczria scabriseta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1394.
Valsa lasiostoma, K. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 89.
Exsicc. EH- N. A. F. 186.— id. 2d Ser. 2122.

Perithecia circinating or scattered, about J mm. diam., globose
and tuberculose-roughened, lying on the surface of the inner bark or
slightly bedded in it, their long (sometimes as much as 1 mm), slender,
cylindrical, decumbent necks converging and piercing the epidermis
in a small, compact fascicle, but not united in a disk and only slightly
projecting. In the scattered forms often densely gregarious, with the
ostiola erect and separate, and the perithecia more or less sunk in the
bark. Asci p. sp. 32-40x4 //, clavate or clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia
biseriate, cylindrical, nearly straight, 5-6 x 1 f-2 fju

On decaying white oak limbs lying on the ground, and on cast off
maple bark, New field, N. J.

The ostiola are slightly swollen above and, except the bare, black
tips, covered with an olive-brown pubescence.

Cal. ciliatula, (Fr.)

Sphceria ciliatula, Fr. S. M. II, p. 406.
Calosphceria ciliatula, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 156.

Perithecia circinate in orbicular or oblong groups, globose, gla-
brous, black, nearly J mm. diam., 12-20 together, necks decumbent,
of variable length, converging to the center with their obtuse, swollen
tips barely erumpent through short, transverse cracks in the thick epi-
dermis. t Asci 25-30 x 4 p> (p. sp.), with long, stouf, lanceolate paraph-
yses. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-fusoid, scarcely curved, hyaline,
4-5 x 1 /i.

On dead birch limbs, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), Maine (Harvey),
Iowa (Holway).

When the epidermis is peeled off, the perithecia come with it.
The ostiola are said to be sometimes 1 mm. long. In the specc. we
have seen they are short.

Cal. expers, (Schw.)

Sphceria expers, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1396.
Valsa (MacrosporcE) expers, Cke. Syn. 1888.

Immersed, covered by the epidermis. Perithecia scarcely pene-
trating the substance of the bark, elegantly circinate, suberect joined

513

into a short neck, without any disk. Ostiola very short, rather thick,
black, umbilicate, looking out from cracks in the epidermis.

On tender shoots of Rosa corymbosa, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Sporidia (sec. Stevenson 1. c.) 19 x 6 p..

CORONOPHORA, Fckl.

Symb. p. 229.

Differs from Calosphceria in its many-spored asci, which, in some
of the species, are flattened, and, as it were, coronate at the apex. The
perithecia lie on the surface of the inner bark, covered only by the
epidermis.

.Cor. ootheca, (B, & C.)

Sphceria ootheca, B. &C. Grev. IV, p. 108.
Coronophora ootheca, Sacc. Syll. 423, Cke. Syn. 1679.

Perithecia crowded into little groups, globose, seated on a dark
spot. Asci obovate, stuffed with numerous, sausage-shaped, minute
sporidia.

On oak (Berk. 1. c).

This (sec. Berk.) is the Sphceria mucida, Fr., var. rostellata, of
Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1515, in which the asci are 25 // long. In the
specc. on oak, they are rather larger.

CRYPTOSPHJIRIA, Nitschke.

Pyr. Germ. p. 159 (as a subgenus).

Stroma effused or wanting, not limited by any black, circumscrib-
ing line. Perithecia buried in the unaltered substance of the bark,
irregularly scattered, not penetrating to the wood. Ostiola erumpent,
but not exserted. Asci 8-spored, aparaphysate. Sporidia allantoid.
hyaline.

Nitschke included also species with polysporous asci (Cryptovalsa).

€r. popiilina, (Pers.)

Sphceria populina, Pers. Icones p. 52, tab. 21, fig. 5.
Valsa millepunctata, Nitschke. Pyr. Germ. p. 161 (not Grev.).
Cryptosphceria populina, Saee. Syll. I, p. 183.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 908.— Rab. F.' E. 1269.— Rehm Asc. 433; 434.— EH. N. A. F. 577.

Stroma cortical, effused in patches of greater or less extent (|-2
inches), sunk in the bark, which is blackened down to the wood, and
mostly swollen and raised on the surface in the form of a broad, flat
blister, the margin gradually slanting off, or abrupt, sometimes rising
as much as 1 mm. above the surrounding bark, and mostly somewhat
65

514

blackened on the surface. Perithecia evenly scattered, tolerably large,
monostichous, buried. Ostiola erumpent, subhemispherical, rough and
wrinkled or subcorneal at the apex, finally irregularly or sublaciniately
dehiscent, often obscurely quadrisulcate. Asci narrow-clavate, 30-40
x 5-7 fi (p. sp.), narrowed above. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, yel-
lowish, moderately curved, 8-10 x 2 p..

On bark of poplar logs and limbs, Newfield, N. J., Illinois (Calk-
ins), Colorado (Cockcrell), Dakota (Williams).

Eutypa subtecta (Fr.), found in Europe on Ace?- campestre and
A. pseudoplatanus is reported by Schweinitz as found at Bethlehem,
Pa. ("passim sub epiderm."), but he gives no definite host and there is
no spec, in Herb. Schw. Cryptosphceria millepimctata, Grev. is
found on Fraxinits, and has larger sporidia (14-18 x 3 p).

Cr. fissicola, (C. & E.)

Sphceria fissicola, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 94.
Cryptosphceria fissicola, Sacc. Syll. 684, Cke. Syn. 4076.

Perithecia scattered or subseriate, small, about J mm. diam.,sunk
in the surface of the inner bark, with their obtusely conical, perforated
ostiola barely erumpent through short, longitudinal cracks in the epi-
dermis; sometimes the ostiola of 3 or 4 perithecia lying near each other
on the same line, split the epidermis continuously for a centimeter or
more in length. Asci (p. sp.) oblong-fusoid, 20-22x4-5 //, short-
stipitate, aparaphysate. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, allantoid, slightly
curved, hyaline, 6-8 x 1| p,.

On dead stems of rose bushes, Newfield, N. J.

Cr. secreta, (C. & E.)

Sphceria secreta, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 94.
Cryptosphceria secreta, Sacc. Syll. 688, Cke. Syn. 4079.

Perithecia scattered, globose, \-\ mm. diam., covered by the epi-
dermis which is not at all pustulate, but merely pierced by the short-
cylindrical, obtusely-conical, perforated ostiola which do not rise above
the surface. Asci clavate, 40-45 x 7 ft, narrowed into a short, stipe-
like base and obtusely rounded above. Sporidia crowded, inordinate,
allantoid, only very slightly curved, hyaline, 8-10 x 1J-2 p, (10-
12 ;«, Cke.).

Under the epidermis of dead Viburnum lentago, Newfield, N. J.

When the epidermis is peeled off, the perithecia come with it.
This is a very distinct and well marked species.

Cr. vexata, (C. & E.)

Sphceria vexata, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 94.
Cryptosphceria vexata, Sacc. Syll. 685, Cke. Syn. 4077.

515

Gregarious, semiimmersed. Perithecia ovate, black, small, less
than \ mm. diam., raising the epidermis into minute, thickly scattered
pustules ruptured above by the slightly erumpent, conical ostiola.
Asci clavate. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 10 // long. Stylospores in
distinct perithecia with longer necks, minute, straight, linear, 5 a long.

On dead branches of V actinium corymbosum, Newfield, N. J.

This is a very unsatisfactory thing, for though not uncommon, we
have never found it mature.

Cr. inordinata, (B. & C.)

Sphczria inordinata, B. & C. Grev. jIV, p. 146.
Cryptospfueria inordinata, Sacc. Syll. 686, Cke. Syn. 4078.

"Covered by the cuticle which is raised by the subjacent peri-
thecia into little prominences which make the whole surface like a
rasp. Asci clavate. Sporidia sausage-shaped."

On Rosa laevigata, Carolina.

CRYPTO VALSA, Ces. & De Not

Schema. Sfer. p. 29.

Stroma effused or subvalsoid, cortical, but sometimes lignicolous.
more or less blackened within. Perithecia immersed, irregularly scat-
tered or subvalsiform-aggregated, ostiola scarcely exserted. Asci
polysporous, aparaphysate. Sporidia allantoid, yellowish-hyaline.
Spermogonia, when present, cytisporoid.

Cr. sparsa, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 224.

Perithecia with thick, coriaceous walls, black and shining inside,
|-| mm. diam., buried in the inner bark, either scattered singly or
oftener in valsoid groups of 3-4, faintly circumscribed, and the bark
around and under them more or less blackened, each cluster or single
perithecium raising the bark into a little pustule closely embraced by
the sublaciniately ruptured epidermis, attenuated above into short
necks terminating in more or less distinctly quadrisulcate ostiola erum-
pent in a small, pustuliform disk, but scarcely projecting. Asci polys] ■<»-
rous, p. sp. 40-50 x 8-10 /x or, including the slender base, 70-75 /'
long. Sporidia allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved, with a nucleus
in each end, 6-7 x \\ it.

On dead oak limbs, Louisiana (Langlois).

In the original diagnosis '-p. sp.'' should have been omitted, and.
on a reexamination, we find no definite paraphyses.

516

Cr. Nitschkei, Fckl. Symb. p. 212.

Vaha Mori, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 157.
Exsicc. Sacc. M. V. 1187.— Fckl. F. Rh. 955. '

Stroma effused, innate in the substance of the bark, covered by
the epidermis which is not discolored, but merely perforated by the
ostiola, forming an irregular, often interrupted and valsiform crust
more or less elevated and surrounded by an irregular, black line, the
enclosed areas being a little paler. Perithecia sunk to the wood, of
medium size, crowded and often angular from mutual pressure, more
rarely loosely scattered, suddenly narrowed into a short, thick neck,
with much thickened, rather large, subglobose, faintly quadrisulcate
ostiola slightly prominent. Asci narrow-clavate, long-pedicellate,
polysporous, 80-86 x 12-15 p (60-66 x 9 p, Sacc). Sporidia conglo-
bate, allantoic!, 12-15 x 2-2§ p, yellowish, (8-10 x 2J p, Sacc).

On bark of Ulmus, London, Canada (Dearness).

This seems to agree fairly well with C. Rabenhorstii, Nits., but
as we have no authentic specc of that species, we have adopted the
determination of Saccardo, who considers it a large-spored form of
C. Nitschkei

Cr. pustulata, (E. & E.)

Diatrypella pustulata, F). & F. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 116.

Perithecia gregarious, either standing singly and tuberculiform or
conic-hemispherically prominent, (|-f mm. diain.), or 2-4 confluent in
a thin, tuberculiform stroma, 1-1 J mm. cliam., brownish-black outside,
whitish within, closely covered by the blackened epidermis which is
pierced by the short-cylindrical, stout, obtuse, mostly quadrisulcate
ostiola sometimes as much as 200-300 p long. The bases of the peri-
thecia are slightly sunk in the wood, but when the bark becomes
loosened they remain attached to it and fall away with it, leaving the
wood pitted with shallow cavities. Asci clavate-fusoid, 100-110 x 10/*,
including the stipitate base, paraphysate, polysporous. Sporidia
irregularly crowded, allantoid, slightly curved, yellowish-hyaline, 5-8
(mostly 5-6)xlJ-lJ p.

On dead stems of Lonicera (cult.), Newfield, N. J., and on Sym-
phoricar pus vulgaris, Manhattan, Kansas (Kell. & Swingle, 1926).

With the specc. on Lonicera was a Libertella with curved spores
35-40xl-l| p, (Z. Loilicerce, Cke. & Hark)? The part of the
branch occupied by the fungus is deeply penetrated by a black, cir-
cumscribing line marking the limits of the stroma.

517
Cr. eutypseformis, Sacc. Syll. 5907, Mich. II, p. 569.

Diatrypequercina, (Pers.) var. lignicola, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 54.

Peritheeia gregarious, immersed in the blackened surface of the

wood, subglobose, J- J mm. diani., black. Ostiola scarcely emergent,
depressed-conical, smooth, finally perforated. Asci subfusoid, grad-
ually narrowed below into a stipe about 50 ji long, subtruncate above,
p." sp. 70-80x9-10 /i, polysporous. Sporidia irregularly crowded,
allantoid, moderately curved, 5-7 x 1§ /i, olivaceous.

On weather-beaten wood of maple, Newfield, N. J.

Distinguished from Cr. Citri and Cr. elevata, by its much smaller
sporidia. The peritheeia are mostly in dense clusters, and raise the
blackened surface of the wood into little pustules more or less conflu-
ent, and varying from subhemispherical or elliptic-elongated, wart-like
protuberances, with the sides abrupt, to mere convex swellings.

VALSELLA, Fckl.

Symb. p. 203.

Stroma valsoid, cortical, generally limited by a black, circum-
scribing line. Ostiola entire (not sulcate). Disk generally pale. Asci
sessile, polysporous. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline. Spermogonia, when
present, cytisporoid.

V. melastoma, (Fr.)

Sphceria melastoma, Fr. S. M. II, p. 388.
Valsella melastoma, Sacc. Syll. 617.

Stroma conical, attenuated, more or less protuberant, about 1 mm.
diam., attached to the epidermis, disk orbicular or subelliptical, minute.
at first whitish-cinereous, becoming brown. Peritheeia 2-6, subcirci-
nate, subsphasroid, rather large, necks short, slender. Ostiola minute,
rounded, black, crowded, rarely scattered. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
30-50 k 6 /JL. Sporidia conglobate, allantoid, slightly curved or nearly
straight, 4-7 x 1 fi.

On limbs of apple trees, Pennsylvania (Schw.), Syn. X. Am. 1341.

V. Lascliii, (Nits.)

Valsa Laschii, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 235.

Stromata, minute orbicular at base, conical or depressed-conical,
closely covered, except the small, punctiform, orbicular, dirty-white
disk, by the thin, translucent epidermis. Peritheeia 2-4 in a stroma,
subcircinate, very small, globose or depressed. Ostiola only visible
with a lens, collected in the center of the minute disk, scarcely promi-
nent, rounded and shining. Asci cylindric-clavate, sessile, polysporous,

518

42x7-8 ft. Sporidia conglobate, yellowish, allantoic!, slightly curved
or nearly straight, ll-13x2| fju

Yar. acerina, Pk. on branches of Acer sj)icatum, Port Henry,
NT. Y., has the asci broader (12-15 //).

V. adherens, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. II, p. 36.

Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2538,

Conceptacles immersed, minute, 1-1 J mm. broad, depressed,
irregularly orbicular, covered by the adherent epidermis. Perithecia
3-5, packed in the brown stroma, minute, black. Ostiola in a small,
transversely-erumpent, elliptical disk, ovate, perforated, black. Asci
oblong, sessile, polysporous, 54 x 6-7 p.. Sporidia allantoid, slightly
curved, hyaline, 6x1 //.

Yar. Americana, Pk., on bark of Betula 'populifolia, Sandlake.
N. Y., has 5-12 perithecia in a pustule, and the sporidia are colored
in the mass.

Y. clopima, (Fr.)

Valsa clopima, Fr. S. M. II, p. 40I.
Valsella clopima, Sacc. Syll. 611.

Stroma hemispherical, pustuliform, depressed, almost superficial,
closely covered by the thin, blackened, closely adherent epidermis
which is barely pierced by the suborbicular disk. Perithecia 4-16 in
a stroma, monostichous or subcircinate, subspherical, brown. Ostiola
scattered, rounded, or suboblong, black, shining or opake, with a
broad opening. Asci clavate-cylindrical, sessile, 40-46x6/*. Spo-
ridia cylindrical, curved or straight, hyaline, 5-8 x 1-1 J fi.

On shrubs, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.) Syn. N. Am. 1360.

V. uigro-annuiata, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. I, p. 29.

Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2458.

Stromata gregarious and more or less confluent, orbicular, \ mm.
diam., white inside, depressed, dull gray, covered by the epidermis,
through which the outline of the stroma appears like a dark, slightly
raised ring. Perithecia about 4 in a stroma, light-colored, small (less
than \ mm.), globose, with very short necks, and minute, punctifbrm,
black ostiola erumpent in the center of the small, grayish disk, which
is just visible through a circular opening in the epidermis. Asci cra-
vate-oblong, -sessile, 35-45x7-8 (i (28-35x7-8 ,«, Winter), 16-25-
spored. Sporidia conglobate, allantoid, subhyaline, slightly curved,
7-9 x 1 J-2 fjt (9-13x 2 //, Winter), (6-7 x 1 //, Rehm).

On dead limbs of (Salix)'! Wilmington, Del. (Commons).

519

The measurements of Winter and Rehm, both from Fiickel's specc,
show quite a variation. See. Dr. Rehm the Delaware specc. differ
from his specimen from Fiickel, in their smaller and less crowded peri-

thecia.

V. papyriferse, (Schw.)

Sphczria papyriferce, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1375.
Vaha papyriferce, Cke. Syn. 1668.

Gregariously surrounding the branches, and strongly raising the
epidermis, which is stellately ruptured, revealing the pustules with
their black, rough, truncate disks protruding; the short, irregular-
shaped, umbilicate ostiola at length emerging. Perithecia few, rather
large, globose, enclosed in a milk-white stroma, with a black exterior.
The small, prominent pustules roughen the branch.

On branches of Morns papyrif era, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Placed by Cooke in his subgenus Vulsella.

ENDOXYLA, Fckl.

Symbolae, Nachtr. I, p. 33.

Stroma none. Perithecia buried in the wood, scattered or
crowded, with the large, sphseroid or pezizoid ostiola erumpent. Asci
narrow clavate-cylindrical, 8-spored, with abundant, filiform paraph) rses.
Sporidia uniseriate, or biseriate above, cylindrical or 1- or more-sep-
tate. Xylogenous or corticolous.

Kalmusia is included as a subgenus.

* Sporidia continuous.

E. inacrostoma, Fckl. Symbolae, Nachtr. I, p. 322.

Perithecia scattered or crowded in irregular groups, entirely
buried in the wood, without any visible stroma, about j mm. diam.,
abruptly narrowed above into a stout, straight neck, about as long as
the diameter of the perithecium, the swollen apex subglobose-en large d
to nearly or quite the diameter of the perithecium itself, and semi-
erumpent; papilliform at first, then perforated with a round opening.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, 80-110x6-7 p. (p. sp. about 60 p. long), sur-
rounded with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an ascus.
overlapping-uniseriate or subbiseriate above, oblong-cylindrical, ob-
scurely 2-nucleate, olive-brown, straight or very slightly curved, 8-11
x 3-3J p.

On decorticated, half-rotten limbs of oak and laurel (Kalmia),
Newfield, N. J.

f)2() .

The specimens agree so well with the description of E. macros-
toma, Fckl., that there can be hardly any doubt that they are refer-
able to that species. The habitat and continuous sporidia separate
this from E. parallela, (Fr.), and the sphseroid, not pezizoid ostiola
would seem to separate it from E. operculata, (A. & S.), if, in fact,
E. macrostoma is really distinct from E. opereulata.

** Sporidia one- or more-septate (Kalmusia).

E. parallela, (Fr.)

Spheeria parallela, Fr. S. M, II, p. 373.
Sphceria uda, Schum. Enum. plant. Ssell. II, p. 161.
Eutypa parallela, Karsf. Mycol. Fenn. II, p. 130.
Falsa parallela, Nits. Pyr. Germ: p. 154.
Endoxyla parallela, Fckl. Syrab. Nachtr. I, p. 322.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 1244.— EH. N. A. F. 99 (specc. on pine), id. 194.

Perithecia tolerably large, sunk in the unaltered substance of the
wood, mostly crowded in small, subconfluent groups forming parallel
series or lines, abruptly contracted into short, slender necks terminat-
ing in small, slightly thickened, globose, entire, smooth, black ostiola
crowded in small, superficial groups, finally perforated. Asci narrow-
elavate, long-stipitate, 8-spored, p. sp. 50-60x6-7 p. Sporidia sub-
biseriate, allantoid, moderately curved, brownish or olivaceous, 2-3-
nucleate, becoming uniseptate, 10-14x3 ft.

On decaying pine wood, Newfield, N. J.

In the New Jersey specc, as well as those in our Herb, from
Karsten, and specc. from Fries (com. by Cooke), and the spec, in Herb.
Acad. Nat. Sci. at Philada. (from Fries), the sporidia become uni-
septate.

E. eutypoides, (E. & E.)

Thyridaria eutypoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 78.

Perithecia minute (110-120 // diameter), immersed, scattered
quite uniformly through the blackened and subcarbonized substance of
the bark, but lying mostly near the surface, and here and there col-
lected in valsiform groups. Ostiola short-cylindrical, with a round
opening at the subtruncate and slightly swollen apex, and so numerous
as to appear under the lens like a fine black pubescence. Asci (p. sp.)
about 35x7 ,u, or with the short, stipe-like base 40-45 p long, sur-
rounded with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, ob-
long or clavate oblong, 3-septate and slightly constricted at the septa ,
olive-brown, slightly curved, ends subobtuse, 10-12 x 2 J-3 p.

On bark of decaying Melia, Louisiana (Langlois).

E. iniista, (Cke.)

Sphceria inusta, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 53.
Kalmusia inusta, Sacc. Syll, 3378.
Xylosphceria inusta, Cke. Syn. 3973-

521

Scattered, immersed, blackening the wood. Ostiola whitish.
Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, triseptate, brown.
15-18x8//.

On Jimiperus, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

E. Fraxini, (E. & E.)

Thyridaria Fraxini, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 223.

Perithecia thickly scattered, buried in and almost filling the bark
which is uniformly blackened on the inner surface but otherwise un-
changed; globose, \-\ mm. diam., coriaceous with thick walls, black
and shining inside, contracted above into a short neck terminated by
an erumpent, subhemispheric-tuberculiform, black ostiolum more or
less distinctly radiate-sulcate. Asci clavate, with a slender base,
90-100x15-20//, 8-spored.* Paraphyses obscure. Sporidia con-
glomerate, vermiform-cylindrical, brown, 3-6-septate, moderately
curved, 20-26 x 4 //. The central .septum is distinct, the others
fainter. Spermogonia (Cytisporina Fraxini) central. Sporules fili-
form, curved, 40 jul long ; near Thyridaria incrnstans, Sacc.

On dead limbs of Fraxinus (and on maple)? London, Canada
(Dearness).

FAMILY. MELANCONIDEiE.

Stroma valsoid, pulvinate, conical or hemispherical, often incon-
spicuous or wanting. Perithecia buried more or less deeply in the
stroma. Conidial stroma free or covered by the epidermis.

The Melanconidew are separated as a family from the Vaheie.
only by the accompanying conidia which are produced in a stroma not
unlike the ascigerous stroma, generally covered at first by the epider-
mis, and thickly studded on its upper surface with closely packed
basidia which, by constriction of the terminal cell, produce and throw
off an abundance of conidia, which soon rupture the overlying epider-
mis and escape. The perithecia are developed after the conidia, and
are either produced in the same .stroma or in a separate stroma.

MELANC0NIS, Tul.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 115.

Stroma subcorneal, pulvinate or hemispherical, small, buried, with
only the apex erumpent, often imperfectly developed. Perithecia
buried, mostly globose, with long, cylindrical necks. Asci 8-spored.
typically paraphysate. Sporidia uniseptate, hyaline or colored.

•In the original diagnosis the asci were inadvertently said to be polysporous. They are
only 8-spored.

66

522

Conidia (Melanconium, sp.) one- or more-celled, variously shaped, not
superficial, for the most part dark-colored. (Winter in Die Pilze).

* S])oridia hyaline.
M. stilbostoma, (Fr.)

Sphceria stilbostoma, Fr. a, S. M. II, p. 403.
Valsa stilbostoma, Fr. Surama, p. 412.
Melanconis stilbostoma, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 119.
Sphczria pulchttla, Currey, Linn. Trans. XXII, p. 28c?.
Exsicc. Fckl.F. Rh. 590.— Rab. F. F. 933-— Rehm Asc. 675.

Stromata scattered, oblong or subelliptical at base, depressed-
globose, or hemispherical, 2-3 mm. diam., permanently covered by the
pustuliform-elevated epidermis, which is barely pierced by the erum-.
pent, whitish disk surrounded by a slight depression. Perithecia 3-12
in a stroma, surrounded and partly covered by a granular-pulverulent,
yellowish material; sunk in the surface of the inner bark, but so
slightly that, when the epidermis is peeled off, they often adhere to it-
black, small, depressed and collapsing when dry, with converging,
cylindrical necks bent upwards at their extremities and piercing the
disk with their globose or short-cylindrical, black, perforated, slightly
projecting ostiola. Asci cylindrical, substipitate, 8-spored, 90-110 x
12-16 /i. Sporidia subbiseriate, elliptical or oblong, straight, obtuse,
hyaline, uniseptate and constricted, 18-25 x 7-9 /i. Conidial stromar
Melanconium bicolor, Nees., subcuticular, conical, producing numer-
ous brown, continuous, ovate conidia, 13-16 x 7—10 /i.

On dead limbs of birch, Acer and Melia, Carolina and Pennsyl-
vania (Schw. & Ravenel), on birch, New York and Iowa (Peck &
Holway).

M. bitorulosa, (B. & Br.)

Valsa bitorulosa, B. & Br. Not. Brit. FungirNo. 861 in Ann. & Mag. 1859, III, tab

X, fig. 16.
Cryptospora bitorulosa, Niessl, in Rab. F. Fur. No. 2243,
Diaporthe bitorulosa, Sacc. Syll. 2355.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. F. 2243, 2421.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. IIr 249. — Sydow, M. March. 263.

Perithecia circinate, 8 or more together covered by the slightly
raised epidermis, globose, more or less collapsing, \ mm. diam., sub-
pulverulent, with straight, horizontal necks converging to the center,
where their extremities are confluent and erumpent in a small, black
disk. Asci clavate, p. sp. 65-75 x 12-15 p.. Sporidia biseriate, uni-
septate, oblong-fusoid, 15-19x4-5 //, hyaline.

On dead limbs of Carpinus Americana and Ostrya Virginica
Iowa (Holway).

523

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from specc. in the
Exsiccati cited. The original diagnosis makes each of the two cells of
the sporidia constricted in the middle and 2-nucleate, but in only a
few of the sporidia was there any constriction except the central one,
qr any nuclei visible; in all of them, however, there was a distinct
hyaline envelope and generally a small, subglobose apiculns at each
end. The Iowa specimens are in no way distinguishable from the
European except in being accompanied by a Melunconium (31. zona*
turn,, E. & E.).

The characters agree so well with Melanconis that we have not
hesitated to refer the specc. to that genus.

M. modonia, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 141, tab. XV, figs. 1-6.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2006.— Rehm Asc. 379.— Thum. M. U. 1062.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F.

2d Ser. 1564.

Perithecia 3-12 (or more), subcircinate in the slightly blackened
inner bark, globose, about \ mm. diam., their long, converging, cylin-
drical necks piercing the roundish, dirty gray disk, with their short,
obtuse ostiola only slightly prominent. Asci cylindrical, obtuse above,
attenuated below, 8-spored, 150-200x12-15 //, with abundant par-
aphyses. Sporidia irregularly biseriate, elliptical or elliptic-oblong,
obtuse, uniseptate and constricted in the middle, hyaline (slightly
brownish when mature), 27-35 x 11—13 //.

On dead limbs of Castanea, Newfield, N. J.

The young stromata produce an abundance of conidia, ovate,
obovate, ovate-lanceolate, or pyriforni., straight or slightly curved,
dark brown, 2-8-septate, 20-60x10-13 p..

M. thelebola, (Pr.)

Sphcerta thelebola, Fr. S. M. II, p. 408.

Aglaospora thelebola, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 161, tab. XXI, figs. 1-18
Melanconts, tfuelebola, Sacc. Syll. 2350, Cke. Syn. 2059.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 362.— Vize. Micr. Fungi, 168.— Sydow, M. March. 1722.

Perithecia circinate, \-\ mm. diam., 4-5 in a stroma formed of the
scarcely altered substance of the bark, and surrounded by a faint cir-
cumscribing line. Ostiola decumbent, convergent, their globose, at
first papilliferum finally umbilicate ostiola erumpent in a subelliptical
disk, which raises the epidermis into pustules soon ruptured at the
apex. Asci clavate-eylindrical, obtuse, 110-130 x 15-18 //, 8-spored,
paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, slightly curved, septate
in the middle, but only slightly or not at all constricted, obtuse, hya-
line, with a setaceous, hyaline, deciduous appendage at each end, 30-
45 x 8-10 fi (40-60 x 10-1 2 p., Winter).

On dead alders, New Jersey, New York (Peck), Canada (Macoun),
on Juniperus Virginiana Pennsylvania (Schw.).

524

M. Alni, Tul. differs in its stroma light-colored or yellowish
within, and its smaller sporidia. Tulasne describes spermogonia and
pycnidia associated with M. Alni.hwt in the specc. we have examined,
we have not yet seen them.

M. Everhartii, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 117. (Plate 35)

Melanconis dasycarpa, E. & K. Jourti. Mycol. II, p. 3.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1561, 1565.

Stroma slightly sunk in the surface of the inner bark, scarcely
exceeding I mm. diam., without any black circumscribing line, hemi-
spherical or convex. Perithecia 3-18 in a stroma, small, mostly
about J mm. diam., their necks rising together and piercing the mostly
stella te-c! eft epidermis in a rather loose fascicle, without any distinct
disk- Ostiola cylindrical, more or less exserted, their tips pierced with
a rather large, round opening. Asci oblong- or clavate-cylindrical,
100-120 x 18-20 tu, with paraphyses more or less distinct. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-elliptical, slightly curved, uniseptate, nearly hyaline,
slightly or not at all constricted at the septum, 25-38 x 8-11 //, with a
slightly oblique, stout, hyaline, horn-shaped appendage, 16^20 x 3 p at
each end.

On dead maple limbs, West Chester, Pa., on dead limbs of Acer
dasycarpum, Kansas, (Kellerman).

The ostiola soon throw off the epidermis, and the perithecia them-
selves soon fall out, leaving light-colored, circular spots marking the
place of their attachment. Distinguished from M. Meschuttii, and
M. Alni, by its elongated ostiola and larger sporidia.

31. tiliacea, (Ell.)

Diatrype tiliacea, Ell. in Am. Nat. Feb., 1883, p. 195.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2521.

Perithecia subcircinate, 4-12 together in the substance of the
inner bark, which is a little paler, and circumscribed by a more or less
distinct black line, globose \ mm., or ovate |x| mm. diam., necks
rather thick, cemented together above into a slate-colored, firm, waxy
mass, through which protrude the conic-cylindrical ostiola, sometimes
\-\ mm. long, at length irregularly dehiscent. Asci oblong or clavate-
oblong, p. sp. mostly 75-80x13 p, but sometimes 80-90x15-22 p,
with obscure, evanescent paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate or sometimes
3-seriate, oblong-cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, uniseptate and
slightly constricted at the septum, hyaline, 22-30 x 7-8 p.

On dead Tilia Americana Ames, Iowa (Arthur), Bellvillc, Can-
ada (Macoun), and London, Canada (Dearness).

525

There may be some doubt whether this is sufficiently distinct from
Hercospora Tilice, Tul., but on account of the longer, narrower spo-
ridia, the elongated ostiola and absence of the green disk, it may claim
specific rank. The pycnidial stage also (N. A. F. 2522), though not
well developed, does not agree well with Rabenhorstia Tilice. The
stroma is smaller and the stylospores more elongated.

M. salicina, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 236.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2523.

Stroma flat, thin, orbicular, about 2 mm. diam., composed of the
slightly altered substance of the bark, which is not perceptibly elevated
above it, surrounded by a black circumscribing line, which does not
penetrate below the surface of the wood. Perithecia 3-6 (exception-
ally only one) in a stroma, large (f mm.), globose, membranaceous,
with a light-colored nucleus, contracted above into short necks, which
terminate in rather broad, round, concave ostiola piercing the epi-
dermis, but scarcely rising above it. Asci broad-lanceolate, 90-110 x
12-16-/^ (p. sp.), with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia crowded-bise-
riate, oblong-fusoid, uniseptate and slightly constricted, a little bent or
curved, 40-60x8-10 ,u, yellowish-hyaline, with a short, obtuse, apic-
ulus at each end. Spermogonia in a ceutral perithecium in the middle
of the stroma. The bases of the perithecia are sunk in the surface of
the subjacent wood.

On dead limbs of Salix, London, Canada (Dearness).
M. dolosa, (Fr.)

Sphczria dolosa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 405.
'Valsaria dolosa, De Not. Sfer. Ital. p. 57, tab. 54 A.
Melanconis dolosa, Sacc. Syll. 2348, Cke. Syn. 2055.

Perithecia 2-5 together, circinate, depressed-globose, contracted
into a short, thick, often excentric neck. Ostiola converging, obtuse
and perforated at the tips, .only slightly projecting above the pale,
roundish, erumpent disk. Asci elongated-clavate, narrowed below,
8-spored, without any distinct paraphyses. Sporidia oblong or oblong-
subclavate, rounded at the ends, septate in the middle, hyaline, 25 i±
long.

This diagnosis is from Winter's Pilze, translated by him from
Notaris, who is supposed to have examined an original specimen from
Fries. Found (sec. Schw.) on branches of Celastrus, in Xorth Caro-
lina. Apparently both this and Valsa dolosa (see p. 481) were in-
cluded in the Sphceria dolosa, Fr.

526

** Sporidia becoming brown (Melanconiella).
M. acrocystis, (Pk.)

Valsa acrocystis, Pk. 33d Rep. p. 34, pi. 2, figs. 19-22.
Melanconis biansata, E. & E). Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 118.
Melanconiella acrocystis^ Sacc. Syll. 662S.

Perithecia circiriate, 6-12 'together on the surface of the inner
bark, subglbbose, J-j mm. diam., enveloped in and covered above by
a yellowish-gray, interwoven, felt-like layer; often collapsing, their
short, round or subquadrate, obtuse, black ostiola erumpent in a
brownish disk bursting through the transversely fissured or subradi-
ately-cleft epidermis, which is slightly raised. Asci 190-200 x 25-30 //,
stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, soon becom-
ing brown and with a short, hyaline, broad, sub truncate appendage at
each end, 35-50 x 15-19 p (without the appendages).

On dead limbs of birch, Plainfield, N. J. (Meschutt), on Betula
lenta, Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck).

The felt-like covering of the perithecia was at first overlooked,
but in both the New Jersey and New York specc. this forms an im-
portant character. Valsa acrocystis, Pk., and Melanconis biansata.
E. & Ev were published at about the same. time.

M. Meschiittii, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 117.

Diatrype nigrospora, Pk. 33d Rep. p. 35.
Melanconiella Meschiittii, Sacc. Syll. 6629.

Perithecia 10-20, subglobose, \-\ mm. diam. (mostly less than $),
seated on the surface of the inner bark, in a thin, dark-colored, orbicu-
lar stroma 1J-2 mm. diam. Ostiola rising together in a laterally
compressed tuft, united in a dirty-brown or grayish disk erumpent
through short, transverse cracks in the epidermis, their tips subcorneal
and, in well developed specc, distinctly quadrisulcate. Asci p. sp.
about 75x12-15 /*, subsessile, obscurely paraphysate. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-elliptical, very slightly curved, uniseptate and con-
stricted, subhyaline at first with a faint, horn-shaped, hyaline append-
age at each end, but these are soon absorbed and the sporidia become
brownT 14-16 x 6-S>

On dead limbs of birch, Plainfield, N. J. (Meschutt).

Gelatinosporium betulinum, Pk., occurs on the same branches.
Where the epidermis is thinner, the appearance of the stroma is dif-
ferent, it being more prominent with the epidermis sublaciniately cleft
around the erumpent disk. The perithecia sometimes collapse so that
on stripping off the epidermis, their position is indicated by little
circular concavities around the margin of the stroma. Differs from

527

M. Decoraensis in its smaller perithecia and appendicnlate sporidia.
Specc. of Diatrype nigrospora, Pk. (from Peck), are certainly the
same as this. Faint traces of the appendages were still visible on the
sporidia quite as distinct as they now are in our specc. of M. J\lcs-
chuttii. In the description of D. nigrospora the perithecia arc said
to be '• sunk to the wood," but in the specc. from Mr. Peck we find the
perithecia enclosed in a small, lenticular stroma seated on the surface
of the inner bark. The sporidia are surrounded with a thin, hyaline
envelope, which indicates a Melanconis rather than a Valsaria.

ML chrysostroma, (Fr.)

Valsa chrysostroma, Fr. Sumnia Veg. Sc. p. 412.

SphcEria xanthostroma, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II, torn. I, p. 301.
Valsa xanthostroma, Till. 1. c. Ser. IV, torn. V, p. 117.

Melanconis chrysostroma, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 125, tab. XXIV, figs. 14-20.
Melanconiella chrysostroma, Sacc. Syll. 2806.
Melanconis chrysostroma, Ckc. Syn. 2062.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1732- FJU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1563.

Perithecia circinate, 6-15 together, decumbent, thin-walled, col-
lapsing, slightly sunk in the surface of the inner bark, about J mm.
diam., covered with greenish -yellow, pulverulent matter, with short,
convergent, sublateral necks and subhemispherical, black, prominent
ostiola erumpentin a small, tuberculiform, yellowish (becoming brown)
disk which pierces the epidermis and rises above it. The clusters of
perithecia are seriately placed and raise the epidermis into slight,
flattish pustules. The epidermis is not ruptured, but simply pierced,
and when peeled off, the perithecia mostly adhere to it. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 70-75x12 fi. Sporidia biseriate, narrow-elliptical, uni-
septate and constricted, straight or nearly so, yellowish-hyaline, 15-20
x 5-6 fi, with a hyaline envelope and a short, hyaline appendage at each
end.

On Carpinus Americana, West Chester, Pa, (Haines & Ever-
hart).

The above diagnosis is from the specc. in N. A. F. 1. c, or rather
from specc. from the same locality since found in better condition.
Whether this is really the M. chrysostroma, Tub, is not entirely cer-
tain. Saccardo and Fiickel describe the sporidia as brown, but the
specc. distributed in M. March. 1656 (on Fagus sylvatica), 1723 on
(Carpinus Betula) and in Linhart's Fungi 266, on the last-named host,
have the sporidia yellowish-hyaline. No. 350, Kze. F. Sel. labeled
Diaporthe sulphur ea, Fckl., is in no way distinguishable from the
above mentioned specc, and we believe they arc all the same species
which, on account of the hyaline envelope of the sporidia, may well be
considered as a Melanconis. Dr. Winter who examined the N. A. F\
specc. said: "This ought properly to be Melanconis chrysostroma ,
though I find only hyaline sporidia. It is also very similar to Dia-

porthe sutphiirea, Fckl., which differs only in its somewhat larger
sporidia" As regards the color of the sporidia of M. chrysostroma,
Tulasne calls them yellow or yellowish-green ("flavis aut luteo-viren-
tibus").

M. apocrypta, Ell. Am. Nat. Feb., 1883, p. 194. (Plate 35)

Perithecia subcircinate, J mm. diam., membranaceous, 8-12 buried
in the inner bark, without any distinct stroma, entirely concealed by
the epidermis, which, without being ruptured, is raised into slight,
whitish pustules by the pressure of the short, fasciculate ostiola. Spo-
ridia elliptical, 25-30 x 11-13 fi, at first surrounded with a hyaline,
gelatinous envelope, and more or less perfectly biseriate in asci 114 x
22 ft, but at length becoming brown, uniseptate and uniseriate, in elon-
gated asci 120-150x12 /i.

On dead poplar branches, Decorah, Iowa (Hoi way).

The conidial stage -is probably Melanconium populinum, Pk.
This is closely allied to M. occulta, (Fckl.), but differs in its smaller,
brown sporidia.

M. Deeoraensis, Ell. in Am. Nat. Feb. 1883, p. 195.

Melanconiella Deeoraensis, Sacc. Syll. 6123.
Exsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1562.

Perithecia 8-20 in a stroma, angular from pressure, coriaceous,
black, circinate, \ mm. diam., subdecumbent, with stout, converging
necks, and small, black, obtuse ostiola erumpent in a light-colored,
elliptical disk bursting through transverse cracks in the epidermis but
scarcely rising above it. Asci cylindrical, briefly stipitate, obscurely
paraphysate, p. sp. 95-115 x 10-12 ju. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical,
obtuse, uniseptate and constricted, becoming brown, 12-20 (mostly
14-1 6) x 8-1 0 fi. The accompanying Melanconium has spores (conidia)
rather shorter and broader than the sporidia.

On dead limbs of birch, Decorah, Iowa (Holway).

Var. major, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 42, on dead birch
limbs, Plainfield, N. J. (Meschutt), has the sporidia larger (18-26
x 8-9 //), but does not differ otherwise from the original specimens
from Iowa. When well matured, the ostiola in both are distinctly
quadrisulcate. Var. subviridis, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 70, on dead bark of
Betula populifolia, Ganesvoort, N. Y., has both the disk and the
stroma yellowish-green and pulverulent.

We have not been able to detect any appendages on the sporidia
at any stage of growth. Otherwise this could hardly be separated from
M. spodiwa, Tub The perithecia are so slightly sunk in the unal-
tered substance of the inner bark as to be partially visible through the
thin layer that covers them.

529

CRYPTOSPORA, Tul.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 144.

Stroma valsoid, pustuliform, covered by the epidermis which is
pierced by the ostiola, sometimes much reduced or wanting. Perithecia
mostly bedded in the unaltered substance of the inner bark, subcirci-
nate, with converging necks united in an erumpent disk. Asci 4-8-
spored, mostly without paraphyses. Sporidia hyaline, ovate or ellip-
tical, continuous (Cryptosporella) , oblong, fusoid, or cylindrical, con-
tinuous (Eucryptospora), septate or pseudoseptate (Calospora).

* Sporidia ovate, elliptical or oblong (Cryptosporella),

Cr. paucispora, (Pk.)

Valsa paucispora, Pk. 33d Rep. p. 33.
Cryptosporella paucispora, Sacc. Syll. 6411.

Pustules covered by the slightly elevated epidermis which is at
length ruptured. Perithecia 2-5, seated on the inner bark. Ostiola
short, black, piercing the minute, pallid disk, smooth or rarely slightly
racliate-sulcate. Asci short, 55-60 p. long, subcylindrical, tetrasporous.
Sporidia continuous, uniseriate, nearly colorless, ovate-elliptical, 15-
20x10-12 pu

On dead alder twigs, North Greenbush, N. Y.

Allied to Cr. aurea, (FckL), from which it differs in its paler
disk, shorter, four-spored asci, and uniseriate sporidia.

Cr. divergens, (Schw.) >

Sphceria divergens, Schw. Syn. Car. 123, id. Syn. N. Am. 1393.
Valsa (Cryptosporella) divergens, Cke. Syn. 1941.

The following diagnosis is from Grev. XIII, p. 4():
Receptacle somewhat swollen. Groups of perithecia 2-4 lines
across, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Perithecia black or
-cinereous. Ostiola very long, round, divergent, three times as long as
the diameter of the perithecia. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia subelliptical.
hyaline, 7 x 2 vi (7 x 1 \ p, Stevenson).

On fallen branches of Liquidambar, Carolina (Schw.).

Cr. leucopis, (Fr>)

Sphceria leucopis, Fr. Kze. & Schm. Myc. Heffce, II, p. 48.

Diaporthe leucopis, Sacc. Syll. 6094.

Valsa leucopis, Stevenson, Add. to Cooke's Valsei of the V. S. No. 129.

Perithecia crowded, subcircinate, few, rather large, included in a
hollow tubercle, white inside and formed from the inner bark. Necks
67

530

very short, their apiees united in a minute, unequal, black disk exud-
ing a minute central globule.

On branches of Syringa, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Sporidia (sec. Stevenson) subelliptical, hyaline, 22Jx6J /j>.

Saccardo (1. a), on the authority of Quelet, gives the sporidia as
lanceolate, 4-guttulate, 20 fi long, with a bristle-like appendage at
each end, and places the species in Diaporthe (Chor osteite).

Cr. vasculosa, (Fr.)

Sphceria vasculosa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 408.
Valsa vasculosa, Stev. 1. c.

Circinate. Perithecia subovate. Ostiola long, thickened above
and joined in an opake, transversely erumpent disk. An enigmatical
species, on account of the great number of species on birch, yet cer-
tainly distinct from Sphceria (Diatrypella) melasperma, &c. From
Calosphceria princeps. Tub, to which it is allied, it differs in the
position of the perithecia and the ostiola dilated at the apex and form-
ing a disk.

On Prunus, Bethlehem. Pa. (Schw.).

Sporidia (sec. Stev.), cuneate, nucleated, 19 x 12| p..

Cr. leiitaginis, (Rehm).

Cryptosporella lentaginis, Rehm in litteris and in Sacc. Syll. 6026.

Pustules small (1 mm. diam.). Perithecia mostly but one in a
pustule large (J mm. diam.), soft, whitish inside, obtuse-conical from a
globose base, contracted above into the stout, obtusely conical ostiolum
which barely pierces the slightly elevated epidermis and is soon
broadly perforated. Asci clavate, stipitate, 40-50 x 8-9 ju. aparaphy-
sate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, curved, or nearly
straight, continuous, 2-3-nucleate, hyaline, 12 x 2 /jl.

On dead Viburnum le?itago, Iowa (Holway). '

The inner bark is uniformly blackened, but the numerous small
strom ata are light-colored within and appear as light-colored spots in
a longitudinal section through the bark. The species is anomalous in
having for the most part only a single perithecium in a stroma.

Cr. aurea, Fckl. Symb. p. 193.

Valsa aurea, Fckl. Enum. Fung. Nassov. p. 53, fig. 20.
Valsa amygdalina, Cke. Seem. Journ. (1S66).
Valsa rutila, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 197.
Cryptosporella aurea, Sacc. Syll. 1803.
Fxsicc. Rab. F. E. 1940.

Stroma conical or convex from an orbicular baseT generally more

531

or less protuberant, pustuliform closely covered by the adherent epi-
dermis, disk reddish or brick-colored, dotted with the black ostiola.
Perithecia 4-10, circinate in the unchanged inner bark, minute,
attenuated into a slender neck. Ostiola minute, cylindrical, not thick-
ened, obtuse, scarcely exserted around the margin of the scanty disk.
Asci narrow-oblong or subcylindrical, sessile, 8-spored, 108-160x16-
18 /*. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or subbiseriate, elliptic-ovate,
straight or rarely subinequilateral, continuous, subhyaline, 24-30 x
8-12 ju(20x8 fjt, Peck).

On dead branches of Carpinus, New York State (Peck), and
Canada (Dearness).

Cr. umbilicata, (Pers.)

Spheeria umbilicata, Pers. Syti. p. 45.
Valsa umbilicata, Stevenson, 1. c.

" Circinate, small. Ostiola crowded, somewhat cup-shaped, rough.
Among the smallest of the genus. Ostiola prominent, rough to the
touch, excavated at the apex or deeply umbilicate."

On Lonicera sempervirens, Carolina (Schw.).

Sporidia (sec. Stevenson) oval, 6J x 5 [±.

Cr. anomala, (Pk.)

Diatrype anomala, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 72.
Cryptosporella anomala, Sacc. Syll. 1813.
Bxsice. Ell. N. A. F. 1185. .

Pustules prominent, subrotund or elliptical, 2-5 mm. diam., erum-
pent, penetrating, the wood, generally with a thin, black crust beneath
and around them, the disk convex or slightly depressed, rough, cine-
reous-brown or black, sometimes whitish-pulverulent. Perithecia
crowded, deeply imbedded in the stroma, often elongated. Ostiola
scattered or crowded, convex, often radiate-sulcate, black. Asci short,
broad, fugacious. Sporidia crowded, elliptical, simple, often with a
nucleus at each end, hyaline, 7-8 /n long.

On living stems of Corylus Americana, Albany, N. Y. (Peck),
Iowa (Holway), on Corylus Avellana, Newfield, N. J.

The pustules appear first on the smaller branches, and are seri-
ately arranged along one side of the branch; afterwards they appear
also on the larger branches and on the trunk itself, and in the course
of two or three years, the part of the tree above ground is entirely
killed. The roots, however, still retain their vitality and continue to
send up each year a luxuriant growth of new shoots destined to be

532

destroyed the succeeding year by the inexorable pest. The imported
trees seem to be more injuriously affected than the native species.

Cr. leptasca, (C. & P.)

Valsa leptasca, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 59.

Cryptosporella leptasca, Sacc. Syll. 181 1.

Valsa {Cryptosporella) leptasca, Cke. Syn. 1931.

Subpustulate, blackish, erumpent. Perithecia small, numerous,
tapering above into the papillate or subcorneal ostiola. Asci elon-
gated, cylindrical, slender. Sporidia uniseriate, continuous, oblong or
elliptic-oblong, usually binucleate, colorless, 7 J fi long.

On dead branches of Rhus typhina, Buffalo, N. Y. (Peck).

Sometimes the pustules are confluent or effused.

Cr. farinosa, (Ell.)

Valsa farinosa, EH. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 99.
Cryptosporella farinosa, Sacc. Syll. 6024.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1572.

Stroma cortical. Perithecia few (2-4), pale, 250-300 p. diam.,
raising the bark into little protuberances which indicate their position.
Disk tuberculiform, yellowish- white, of a loose granular or mealy con-
sistence. Ostiola large, pale horn-color, ovate or conical, at length
disappearing and leaving a large opening. Asci clavate-cylindrical,
obtuse, p. sp. 100-110x15-20 //, with filiform paraphyses, narrowed
below into a stipe-like base. Sporidia 1-2-seriate, narrow-elliptical
and subacute, subhyaline, with a large, central nucleus, 18-22 x 10 p..
Pycnidia (Harhnessia caudata, E. & E. Journ. My col. I, p. 92).

On dead oak shoots, Newfield, N. J., and on dead limbs of Lirio-
dendron, Plainfield, N. J. (Meschutt).

Cr. compta, (Tul.)

Valsa compta, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 196.
Cryptospora compta, Winter Die Pilze II, p. 771.

Stromata mostly numerous, irregularly scattered, pustuliform, 2-3
mm. broad, the small, round disk piercing the epidermis, which is flat-
tened or depressed around it. Perithecia 2-6 in a stroma, of medium
size, globose, circinating in the unaltered, inner bark, abruptly con-
tracted into slender necks. Ostiola small, scarcely or only a little
thickened, hardly projecting above the very small, white-pulverulent,
then ashy-gray disk. Asci 8-spored, narrow-clavate, oblong or cylin-
drical, sessile, 100 x 16 p. Sporidia broad-ovate, or sometimes cylin-
drical, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 16-28 x 8-16 /i.

533

On dead limbs of Fagusferruginea, New York State (fide Peck,
who finds the sporidia ovate or oblong-elliptical, hyaline, 18-24 ju long).

** Sporidia cylindrical, continuous or nucleate. {Eucryptospora).

Cr. suffiisa, (Fr.)

Sphceria suffusa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 399.
Cryptospora suffusa, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 412.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 620, 1997.— Kze. F. Sel. 142.— Rab. F. E- 730, 1130, 2022.— Rehm Asc.
46.— Thum. M.U. 171— Sydow, M. March. 168.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1578.

Stromata scattered, raising the epidermis into flattish pustules, but
not discoloring it, 1-2J mm. broad. Perithecia 4-12, subcircinate,
depressed-globose or angular from crowding, collapsing when dry,
lying in the unaltered inner bark, with long, cylindrical, converging,
decumbent necks, united at their ends in a small, black, erumpent disk,
or sometimes a part or all of them remaining isolated. Asci oblong,
sessile, 8-spored, 70-100 x 22-30 //. Sporidia fasciculate or inter-
woven, cylindrical, obtuse, hyaline, 50-65 x 3 \-A [i.

On dead alders, New York (Peck), New Jersey (Berk, in Grew
IV, p. 101).

Cr. Betulse, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 149, tab. XVII, figs. 13-27.

Exsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1792.— Roum. F. Gall. 3944.

Perithecia 6-10, globose, small, \ mm. or a little over, circinate,
immersed in the surface of the unaltered inner bark, which is raised
into a slight pustule over tliem, necks convergent, decumbent, erum-
pent in rather prominent, punctiform, black ostiola, in the scarcely
emergent, small, black disk just visible through short, transverse
cracks in the epidermis. Asci cylindric-clavate, attenuated below, p.
sp. 55-60 x 15-18 ft, aparaphysate. Sporidia fasciculate, cylindrical,
subarcuate, obtuse, nucleate, hyaline, 30-40 x 3|-4 /i. Conidial stage
Cryptosporium JVeesii, Cda. and C. betulinum Sacc. Conidia 50 x
4|-5 pt, shaped like the ascospores.

On dead birch limbs, Plainfield, N. J. (Meschutt).

The N. A. F. specc. do not show the conidia.

Cr. Tilise, TuL Sel. Carp. II, p. 151.

Pustules irregularly scattered, orbicular, small, slightly prominent,
cortical, the erumpent disk about 1 mm. broad. Perithecia 4-6, cir-
cinate, subglobose, necks short, decumbent, with subhemispherical
ostiola. Asci obovate, 65-80 x 13-16 /*, obtuse above, subacute below,
8-spored. Sporidia fasciculate, straight, cylindrical, or sometimes sub-
clavate, 30-35 x5-6J/*.

On branched of Tilia Americana, Helderberg Mts., N. Y. (Peck),
The conidial stage {Cryirtosjiorium Tilia?) has conidia fnsoid.
acute, straight or curved, hyaline, 40-50 x 6J— 10 //.

Cr. femoralis, (Pk.)

Valsa femoralis, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 74.

Cry ptospor a femoralis, Sacc. Syll. 41 17.

Valsa (Cryptospor a) femoralis, Cke. Syn. 1944.

Pustules small. Perithecia few, nestling in the inner bark. Osti-
ola few, short, black, eruinpent through small and mostly transverse
chinks in the bark, crowded or scattered. Asci lanceolate. Sporidia
crowded, elongated, sublinear, straight or slightly flexuous, obtuse,
slightly thickened at the ends, 35-75 p. long.

On dead alder limbs, Albany, N. Y. (Peck), and California
(Harkness).

Closely related to Cr. suffusa, but the sporidia are thickened at
the ends. The perithecia adhere to the epidermis and are torn away
with it.

Cr. cin^ula, (C. & P.)

Valsa cinctula, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 59, pi. 2, figs. 21-24.
Cryptospora cinctula, Sacc. Syll. 4121.
Valsa {Cryptospora) cinctula, Cke. Syn. 1948.
Exsicc. E)ll. N. A. F. 94.

Perithecia 3-8, subcircinate, buried in the unaltered inner bark.
of medium size, pale, necks convergent and erumpent through the
slightly raised epidermis in stout, black, rough ostiola covered at
first with white or light-colored grumous matter appearing like an
efflorescence of the bark, and sometimes remaining as an obscure white
ring around the ostiola. Asci ©blong-clavate, p. sp, 75-80 x 8-10 //,
stipitate and imperfectly paraphysate. Sporidia subfasciculatc, 8 in an
ascus, cylindrical, multinucleate, becoming 3-7 -septate, 56 x 5 fi
(sec. Pk.).

On dead limbs of Castanea, New York, New Jersey and Penn-
sylvania.

The perithecia are of about the same color as in Diaporthe
leiphmmia. We do not find the sporidia as large as stated by Peck;
only about 35-45x3-3* /l

Cr. tomentella, (Pk.)

Valsa tomentella, Pk. 35th Rep. p. 144.
Cryptospora tomentella, Sacc. Syll. Add. I, p. 192.

Perithecia 4-8, subcircinate, nestling in the inner bark, black,
clothed below with a whitish tomentum, disk lanceolate, whitish or

5:J5

brownish, erumpent through a narrow, transverse chink which is acute
at each end, and pierced by the smooth, black ostiola. Asci oblong,
broad, subcvlindrical to fusoid, sessile, 50-75 p long. Sporidia cylin-
drical, crowded, more or less curved, colorless, obtuse at the *ends.
usually multinucleate, 50-67 x 4-5 p.

On bark of Betula popvlifolia, New Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

Allied to Cr. cinctula, but differs in the character of the disk
and the tomentose perithecia.

Cr. albofiisca, (C. & E.)

Valsa albofusca, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 31.
Cryptosporella albofusca, Sacc. Syll. 1815.
Valsa {Cryptosporella) albofusca, Cke. Syn. 1934.
Exsicc EH. N. A. F. 92.

Pustules small, covered by the slightly raised epidermis, scat-
tered. Perithecia few, 4-8 in a stroma formed of the scarcely altered
substance of the inner bark, pale, necks short, the small, black, erum-
pent ostiola at first covered by a mealy, white pseudo-disk which soon
disappears. Asci oblong-clavate, sessile, aparaphysate, 65-80x8-10 a.
Sporidia lying parallel in the asci, cylindrical or clavate-cylindrical.
30-40x31-4//.

On dead limbs of Quercus obtusiloba, Newfield, N. J.

When the mealy white layer has disappeared, the ostiola are seen
to he united in a brown disk.

*## Sporidia 2- or more-septate, or pseudo septate (Calospora).
Cr. trichispora, (C. & P.)

Valsa trichispora, C. & P. Cke. Valsei U. S. p. 119, Pk. 29th Rep. p. 58.

Cryptospora trichispora, Sacc. Syll. 4122.

Valsa {Cryptospora) trichispora, Cke. Syn. 1949.

Pustules small. Stroma cortical, pale ochraceous as well as the
erumpent disk. Perithecia few, dark brown when mature. Ostiola
exserted, quadrisulcate. Asci clavate. Sporidia filiform, hyaline
5-7 -septate, 55 x 2 J p.

On dead twigs of oak, Greenbush, N. Y. (Peck).

It looks like a miniature Diaporthe leiphc&mia.

Cr. aciileans, (Schw.)

Sphceria aculeans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1395.
Calospora aculeans, Sacc. Syll. 3703.
Valsa {Calospora) aculeans, Cke. Syn. 2045.
Valsa Rhois, Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, No. 245, id. Ser. II, No. 258.
Valsa albovelata, B. & C Grev. IV, p. 102.
Valsa stilbostoma, Fr. in Raw Car. Ill, 68.
Exsicc, Cke. 1. c— Rav. F. Car. Ill, 68.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1569.

536

Stromata scattered, orbicular, convex, 2-3 mm. diam., formed of
the unaltered substance of the bark, which is scarcely or only slightly
discolored and not circumscribed by any black line. Perithecia gen-
erally 5-12, subcircinate, globose, necks converging, with their short-
cylindrical, subcorneal, white-pulverulent ostiola erumpent through a
whitish disk which is soon obliterated. Asci (p. sp.) 56-60x6-7 p,
apai^physate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, 4-nucleate, becom-
ing uniseptate or indistinctly 3-septate, 12-15 x 3 //, with a slight hair-
like appendage at each end, readily seen in the young sporidium, but
finally absorbed.

On dead Rhus copallina and R. typhina, common.

We have seen no authentic specc. of V. albovelata, B. & C, but
the diagnosis of that -species does not enable one to separate it from
the Sphceria aculeans, Schw., and (sec. Farlow) the specc. of V. albo-
velata, B. & C. in Herb. Curtis, are the same as Sphceria aculeans,
Schw. Valsa Rhois, Cke., is certainly the same as shown by the
specc. in Cookers exsiccati cited. The two additional septa sometimes
seen, are only pseudosepta, being only the dividing line between two
adjacent nuclei.

Cr. Pennsylvania, (B. & C.)

Valsa Pennsylvanica, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. ioo.
Diaporthe cylin'drospora, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 104.
Valsa prunicola, Pk. 33rd Rep. p. 34.
Calospora Pennsylvanica, Sacc. Syll. 3700.
Valsa {Calospora) Pennsylvanica, Cke. Syti. 2043,

Pustules valsoid, somewhat prominent, erumpent, scattered. Peri-
thecia numerous, 15-30 or more, crowded, covered by the thin, black-
ened surface of the inner bark, the ostiola rather long, stout, cylin-
drical, rounded at the tips, crowded, exserted. Asci narrow, subfusi-
,form, 35-50x5-7 p.. Sporidia subcylindrical, crowded or biseriate,
4-nucleate, hyaline, 13-19 x 3-4 p. (25 /i long, Berk.).

On dead branches of Primus Pennsylvanica, Adirondack Mts.T
N. Y., and on P. Americana, Iowa.

The original description of this species in Grevillea is as follows :
" Bursting transversely. Perithecia in the center of a facette. Spo-
ridia narrow, oblong, sometimes wide at one end, sometimes slightly
curved, triseptate. 25 ;i long. On Cerasus Pennsylvanica, mountains
of New York (Berk. 1. c.)."

Cr. Carya*, Pk. 38th Rep. p. 106, tab. 2, figs. 28-31.

Pustules scattered, covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, cir-
cumscribed by a black line or at length covered by a black crust
beneath the epidermis. Perithecia 4-12 in a pustule, globose or

537

angular from mutual pressure, rather less than J mm. diam., buried in
the light-colored stroma in a single layer with rather short but slender
necks and subglobose, black ostiola erumpent in a dark brown, convex
disk loosely surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Asci clavate,
100-125 x 12-15 fi, aparaphysate, subsessile. Sporidia biseriate above,
fusoid-oblong, hyaline, subobtuse, 3-5-pseudoseptate, 40-55 x 6-8 fi.

On dead branches of Carya, Knowersville, N. Y. (Peck), Iowa
(Holway). **

We have supplemented the original description by an examina-
tion of specimens sent us by Mr. Peck.

Species imperfectly known,

Cr. gemmata, (B. & C.)

Valsa gemmata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 102.
Valsa {Calospora) gemmata, Cke. Syn. 2046.
Calospora gemmata, Sacc. Syll. 3704.

"Perithecia few, circinating, necks united. Ostiola stellate.
Sporidia shortly fusiform, triseptate." On Rhus radicans. South
Carolina.

Gr. ciliata, (Pers.)

Sphceria ciliata, Pers. Syn. p. 35.

Valsa ciliata, Stevenson's Add. to Cke. Valsei, No. 100.

Diaporthe {Chorostate)? ciliata, Sacc. Syll. 2442.

Perithecia about 10 together, erect-convergent, circinating in* the
inner bark, which is raised into a small, round pustule above them.
Ostiola very slender, 1-2 lines long, subsetaceous, divaricate, subflaccid.
Sporidia (sec. Stevenson 1. c), navicular, biseptate, 12Jx5 /i.

On bark of elm, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Cr. inconspicua, (C. & E.)

Valsa inconspicua, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. II.
Valsa {Calospora) inconspicua, Cke. Syn. 2047.
Calospora inconspicua Sacc. Syll. 3706.

Perithecia valsoid-aggregated. Sporidia narrow-fusoid. 3-septate,
4-nucleate, 15x4/*.

On dead alder, Newfield, N. J.

Our specc. of this species are entirely without fruit.

PSEUDOVALSA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema Sferiac. p. 32.

Stroma and perithecia as in Melanconis. Asci 4-6 or 8-spored,
typically paraphysate. Sporidia 2- or more-septate (not muriform).
mostly brown.
68

538

Ps. profusa, (Fr.)

Sphceria profusa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 392.
Sphceria irregularis, DC. Fl. Fr. VI, p. ir6.
Sphceria anomia, Fr. (not Schw.) 1. c. p. 381.
Valsa profusa, Fr. Sunima, p. 411.
Massaria seiridia, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 155.
Aglaospora profusa, De Not. Micr. Ital. Dec. V, p. 5, No. 3.
Valsa Sartivellii, B. & C. (in Herb.).
Sphceria ocellaia, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 163S.

Sphceria amorphostoma, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1334 (sec. specc. in Herb. Schw./.
Pseudovalsa profusa, Winter, Die Pilze, II, p. 785.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 583.— Rab. F. E. 733, 1137, 1441, 2514.— Rehm Asc. 45.— Sydow, M.
March. 17$, 941.— Thum. M. U. 969.— EH. N. A. F. 172.

Stromata scattered, numerous, subseriate and subconfluent, vari-
able in size and shape, pyramidal, pulvinate or hemispherical, round,
elliptical or elongated (on a transverse section), surface uneven or un-
dulate, black, paler inside, of tough, horn-like consistence, sunk in the
substance of the bark, enclosed in a rather thick, black layer, covered
by the epidermis which is only slightly perforated, finally exposed by
the falling away of the bark. Perithecia 2-4 in a stroma, deeply
buried, globose or angular, contracted into a thick, irregular-shaped
neck, with short, black, obtuse ostiola erumpent in a compact fascicle
but scarcely exserted. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 4-spored, 180-
210x21-24 fi. Sporidia cylindrical, rounded at the ends, spuriously
4-celled, with a subtriangular nucleus in each cell, hyaline at first.
then clear brown. \ Faraphyses filiform, abundant,
4 r-5~°/irOn dead limbs of Robinia j)&eitdacacia, common.

Ps. Titan, (B. & Rav.)

Diatrype Titan, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 97.

Pseudovalsa Titan, Cke. Syn. 2093.

Titania Berkeleyi, Berlese Icones. tab. 37, fig. 1.

Pustules irregular, black, rough with the protrnding ostiola,
minutely granulated. Asci (sec. Cke. 1. c.) 2-spored. Sporidia fusi-
form, obtuse at each end, dark, with about 6 septa, 100 fi long.

On bark of hornbeam, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Ps. haplocystis, (Berk. & Br.)

Sphceria haplocystis, B. & Br. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. II, p. 317.
Haplocystis Berkeleyi, Awd. in Fckl. F. Rh. 585.
Calospora haplocystis, Fckl. Symb. p. 191.
Pseudovalsa haplocystis, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 44,
Exsicc. Rab. F. Eur. 1146.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 253, Ser. II, 229.— Roum. F. G. 4448, 4449,

Perithecia covered, subglobose, thin-walled, minutely tomentose,
permanently covered by the blackened epidermis which is raised into
slight pustules, depressed-globose, 4-10 together in subcircinate groups

539

without an}- distinct stroma, with converging, short-cylindrical necks
bent upwards at their extremities and just visible through short,
narrow cracks in the epidermis, but not exserted. Asci elliptical or
oblong-elliptical, with a short stipe, 8-spored, 90-105 x 35-40 //. Spo-
ridia conglomerate, oblong or oblong-cylindrical, ends broadly rounded,
subinequilateral, often a little cur.ved, 2- (sometimes 3-) septate, not
constricted, brown, 25-35x12-14 /u, with a short, thick, hyaline
appendage at each end.

On dead limbs of Platanus occidentalism New York (Peck).

Ps. bicornis, (Cke.)

Melanconis bicornis, Cke. in 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 72,
Pseudovalsa bicornis, Sacc. Syl. 3364, Cke. Syn. 2110.

Perithecia circulating, 5-7, seated beneath the epidermis which
is but slightly raised. Ostiola short, convergent, just piercing the epi-
dermis, with a regular orifice. Sporidia expelled when mature, black-
ening the matrix around the ostiola, fasciculate, obtusely fusiform,
triseptate, straight or curved, brown, 63-78 [i long, scarcely con-
stricted, end cells smallest, each extremity tapering into a hyaline, at
first straight, then curved or flexuous, horn-shaped appendage one-half
to one-third the length of the sporidium.

On bark of Platanus occidentalism New York State (Peck).

Allied to Ps. haplocystis, (B. <fc* Br.), but distinct. When the epi-
dermis is torn away, the perithecia come off with it. They are slightly
whitish-floccose or tomentose above.

Ps. sanibiicina, (Pk.)

Valsa sambucina, Pk. 28th Rep. p. 75.

Pseudovalsa sambucina, Sacc. Syll. 3356, Cke. S3'ii. 2103.

Pustules erumpent, sometimes seriately placed. Ostiola slightly
prominent, even or radiately sulcate, scattered or crowded, Asci lin-
ear. Sporidia 8, uniseriate, oblong, colored, triseptate, 12-15 jut long.

On dead stems or branches of Sambucus, Catskill ftfts., N. Y.
(Peck).

When young, the sporidia are paler. The pustules vary much in
size; those on the branches being larger and more scattered than
those on the main stems and trunks.

Ps. stylospora, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci Phil. Pa., July, 1890,
p. 223. (Plate 35)

Stroma cortical, convex, 2-3 mm. diam., covered by the epidermis.
Perithecia circinate, 4-8 in a stroma, globose, | mm. diam., collapsing

when dry, contracted above into short necks, terminated by small,
globose ostiola, subseriately arranged and erumpent through a small
crack in the bark. Asci (p. sp.) 80-85x15 p.. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong-elliptical, hyaline, faintly subglobose-appendiculate and granu-
lar at first, becoming brown and 2-septate, and slightly constricted at
the septa, 25-30 x 10-14 /i. Pycnidia central, bearing cylindrical 3-
septate, hyaline stylospores, 40-55 x 10-12 //, on short basidia.

On bark of dead Acer spicatum, London, Canada (Dearness).

The drawing was made from a young specimen and does not show
the two septa in the sporidia. The appendages also were accidentally
omitted. They are very obscure and easily overlooked.

Ps. lanciformis, (Fr.)

Sphczria lanciformis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 362.
Sphczria quercina, b. A. & S. Consp. p. 11 (sec. Fr.).
Sphczria Betulcz, Schum. Enum. Plant. Ssell. II, p. 171.
Sphczria cincta, DC. Fl. Fr. VI, p. 119.
Sphczria melasperma, Fr. S. M. II, p. 389 (sec. Tul.).
Diatrype lanciformis, Fr. Summa, p. 385.

Sphczria favacea, Tul. in Compts. Rend. torn. XXXII, p. 472 and 474,
Melanconis lanciformis, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 135, tab. XIV.
Pseudovalsa lanciformis, Ces. & De Not. Schema Sfer. p. 32.
Melanconis elliptica, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 102, 28th Rep. p. 87.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1996.— Rab. F. F,. 248, 1258, 1438.— Rehm Asc. 584.— Thum. M. U.
1551.— Sydow, M. March. 752.

Stromata scattered, buried, erumpent through transverse cracks
in the bark, dark brown or black above, brownish inside, laterally
compressed ' so as to become lanceolate, not rising much above the
bark, of carnose-suberose consistence, 1-3 mm. long. Perithecia 4-10
in a stroma, irregularly crowded, globose, black, rather large \ (mm.),
necks cylindrical, with their ostiola only slightly projecting through
the lance-shaped disk. Asci oblong-cylindrical, narrowed below, 8-
spored, 150-160 x 26-28 fi. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, ends broadly
rounded, 3-6-septate, with a large nucleus in each cell, not constricted
at the septa, brown, straight, 35-48 x 12 §-15 fj.. Paraphyses very
long, filiform.

On dead limbs of birch, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), New York (Peck).

Ps. Fairmani, E. & E. Proc. Roch. Acad. 1890, p. 51, Plate 3, figs.
1, 2, 3, 10, 11.

Stromata convex-pulvinate, 1-1| mm. diam., formed of the slightly
altered substance of the inner bark, the surface only subcarbonized
and blackened, not surrounded by any distinct circumscribing line,
covered by the epidermis, which is pierced by the stout, short-cylin-
drical or conical ostiola with smooth or quadrisulcate tips. Perithecia

541

4-8 in a stroma, closely packed, ovate or subangular from compression,
about J mm. diam., with whitish, waxy contents. Asci (p. sp.) 75-85
x20 /i, mostly only 6-spored. Sporidia oblong-cylindrical, yellowish,
3- (exceptionally 5-) septate, 30-40x4-7 //, slightly constricted at the
septa. The young stromata contain an abundance of pycnidial spores
(about the size and- shape of the ascospores), borne on stout or branch-
ing sporophores about as long as the spores themselves.

On dead hickory limbs (Gary a), Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

Ps. sigmoidea, (C. & E.)

Melanconis sigmoidea, C. & H. Grev. VI, p. 92, pi. 100, fig. 26.
Pseudovalsa sigmoidea, Sacc. Syll. 3352, Cke. Syn. 2099.

Stromata conical or conic-hemispherical, 1-2 mm. diam., orbicular
or elliptical at base, outer layer thick, black, seated in the inner bark
and raising the epidermis into pustules. Perithecia rather deeply
buried in the stroma, small, \-\ mm. diam., contracted above into
moderately stout necks with their obtuse, subhemispherical ostiola
subcircinate-erumpent in a convex, brown disk (apex of the stroma)
which pierces the epidermis, but does not rise much above it. Asci
broad-clavate, 120-150 x 19-22 p. (p. sp. 100-110 }x long), 8-spored,
stipitate, obscurely paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid.
slightly curved, 3-7- (mostly 5-) septate, hyaline at first, finally brown,
45-75 x 10-12 /i, subacute at first, finally subobtuse.

On dead branches of Quercus tinctoria, Q. ilicifolia and Q. alba.
Xcwfield, N. J., on oak limbs, Canada (Dearness).

Perithecia on the first two mentioned hosts, 3-5 in a struma : on
Q. alba, 3-12. • The conidial stage is a Coryneum, forming black,
erumpent tubercles about f-1 mm. diam. Conidia clavate-fusoid,
3-7-septate, 50-80 x 10-13 ju, on densely fasciculate, stout, brownish,
septulate basidia 100-120x4-5 p..

Ps. Texensis, (E. & E.)

Diatrype Texensis, E). & K. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 40.
Thyridaria Texensis, Sacc. Syll. 7058.

Stroma pulvinate, subcarbonaceous, black, suborbicular, 2-4 mm.
across, at length plane or subconcave above, seated on the surface of
the inner bark and bursting through the epidermis which closely sur-
rounds it. Perithecia coriaceous, with thick walls, globose or sub-
angular by pressure, 6-20 in each stroma, \-\ mm. diam. Ostiola
subtuberculiform or hemispherical, with a rather large, though indis-
tinct opening. Asci clavate-cylindrical, about 75 x 1 2 /z, with abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia partly biseriate, yellowish-brown and uniseptate

542

at first, becoming dark brown and 3-septate, ovate or oblong-elliptical,
15-20 x 6-7 //, scarcely constricted at the septa, the terminal cells sub-
hyaline. Has much the same general appearance as Valsaria cincta,
(Curr.). The bark and the surface of the wood beneath the stroma
are more or less blackened.

On bark of fallen limbs of Tilia(f), Houston, Texas (Ravenel).

Ps. Comptonise, (E. & E.)

Diatrype Comptonice, E). & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 89.
Thyridaria ComptonicB, Sacc. Syll. 7491.

Stroma erumpent, subtuberculiform, small (1-3 mm.), subhemi-
splieric or elongated, dull black outside, whitish within and consisting
of the scarcely altered substance of the wood. Perithecia often single
in the smaller stromata, or in the larger and more elongated ones
2-12, with thick walls, ovate or subangular from mutual pressure,
J- \ mm. diam., contracted above into a short neck, with a short,
cylindrical or subcorneal, slightly projecting, smooth ostiolum. Asci
clavate, 75-85 /jl long, including the slender, stipitate base, surrounded
with abundant paraphyses and containing eight subfusoid, yellowish-
brown, 3-septate, slightly curved, 12-15x4-5// sporidia, which are
crowded into the upper half. The general appearance is much like
that of Cryptovalsa eutypceformis, Sacc. The ostiola are not sulcate
and have a smooth, round opening. The stromata arise either directly
from the wood or are seated on the lower stratum of the bark denuded
by the flaking off of the superficial layer.

On dead, partially decorticated stems of Comptonia asplenifolia,
Newfield, N. J.

Sp>ecies imperfectly known.

Ps. tubulosa, (B. & C.)

Valsa tribulosa* B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 102.

Pseudovalsa tubulosa, Sacc. Syll. 3358, Cke. Syn. 2104.

Calospora tribulosa, Sacc. Syll. 3699 (Berlese Icones, pi. XXXIV).

" Perithecia few, necks subcylindrical, projecting. Sporidia fusi-
form, triseptate, obtuse at the ends, brown, 30 x 10 //, (30-32 x 10-
12 /a, Berlese).

On alder, South Carolina."

Ps. convergent (Tode).

Sphcsria convergens, Tode Meckl. II, 39, fig. in.
Valsa convergens, Fr. (in Cke. Valsei U. S. p. 123).
Pseudovalsa convergens, Sacc. Syll. 3354, Cke. Syn. 2101.

*"Tribulosa" is a misprint for "tubulosa."

543

Circinate, minute. Perithecia about 6 together, entirely covered,
ovate, the cylindrical, subattenuated, convergent ostiola erumpent.

Asci ? Sporidia subcymbiform, 3-septate, sometimes slightly

constricted, dark brown, 50-52 x 12-14 ju, straight or curved.

On branches of Rosa corymbosa, Carolina and Pennsylvania
(Schw.).

FENESTELLA, Tul.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 208, emend. Sacc. Mich. I, p. 50.

Perithecia and stroma as in Valsa. Asci cylindrical, 4-8-spored.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong or elliptical, muriform, yellow-brown.

F. princeps, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 207.

Valsa fenestrata, B. & Br. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. Ill, torn. Ill, p. 366.
Thyridium Faberi, Kunze, F. Sel. 263.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1999.— M. March. 261, 1571, 1885.— Roum. F. G. 5253.

Stroma orbicular or elliptical at base, lenticular, sunk in the
parenchyma of the bark, with the epidermis slightly pustulate-elevated
over it, consisting of brown, floccose matter. Perithecia 3-14 in a
stroma, crowded and mostly angular from compression, collapsing when
dry, black, about | mm..diam., with short-cylindrical, perforated osti-
ola, united in a roundish or lanceolate, erumpent disk, scarcely rising
above the epidermis. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 150-200 x 18-
20 fi (210-260 x 22-27, Sacc. in Syll.), with numerous paraphyses.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, constricted in the middle, closely
multiseptate and muriform, golden-yellow, becoming brown, with a
hyaline, papillose projection at each end, 25-40 x 14-20 ji.

On dead limbs of Cratmgus, London, Canada (Dearness), on dead
limbs of Salix, Lyndon ville, N. Y. (Fairman).

F. amorplia, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 58. — Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 239.— Proc. Roch. Acad. Aug.
1890, p. 48. (Plate 35)

Stroma tuberculiform, seated on the wood, variable in size from
1 mm., inclosing a single perithecium to 3 or 4 mm. with 4-6 perithe-
cia, or sometimes confluent in a seriate manner, for 1 cm. or more.
Perithecia flask-shaped, about 1 mm. high and f mm. broad, black out-
side but the internal texture white, connate and subseriate, the short
(I mm.), cylindrical ostiola converging, but not united in a disk, burst-
ing out through cracks in the bark, but scarcely projecting. Asci
cylindrical, with a narrow base, 150-175 x 12-15 n„ with abundant

544 •

filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uriiseriate, oblong-elliptical, about 6-
septate, with a single, longitudinal septum, dark brown, 20-22 x 12 ju,
not constricted at the septa, becoming almost opake, so that the septa
are hardly visible. When the bark falls away, the stroma becomes
superficial.

On dead hickory limbs, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

F. vestita, (Fr.)

Sphceria vestita, Fr. S. M. II, p. 410.
Valsa vestita, Fr. Surama Veg. Scand. p. 412.
Thyridium vestitum, Fckl. Symb. p. 195.

Cucurbitaria vagans, Sacc. M. Ven. Spec. p. 122, tab. XII, figs. 34-38.
Fenestella vestita, Sacc. Syll. 4004.
Fxsicc. F. Rh. 954.— Rehm Asc. 179, 684.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1272. — Sydow, M. March. 1249,
1570, 1918, 1919.— Roum. F. Gall. 4775.

Stroma suborbicular, 2-3 mm. across, depressed, sides abrupt,
penetrating the bark, and when this falls away, remaining attached to
the wood, crowned above with the large, black, tuberculiform disk
erumpent through the adherent epidermis, and rising but little above
it. Perithecia 8-15 in a stroma, irregularly crowded, \ mm. or more
in diameter, globose or angular, with thick walls, necks cylindrical,
convergent with their thick, black, perforated ostiola united in the
erumpent disk, but not exserted. The stroma is covered with a gran-
ulose-floccose, pale yellow substance that is very noticeable. Asci
cylindrical, 120-150x12-15 p (p. sp. 80-100 /i long), with filiform
paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, olive-brown, 3-5-septate,
and muriform, scarcely constricted at the septa, 12-20 x 10-12 /j. (19-
25 x 10-12 //, Winter' 20-26 x 10-14 /i, Sacc).

On dead limbs of Quercus, Ulnms, and Sambucus, Canada (Dear-
ness).

F. superficialis, (P. & C.)

Melogramma superficialis, P. & C. in 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 57.
Fenestella superficialis, Sacc. Syll. 4012.

Stroma superficial, depressed, 1-2 lines across, pale or yellowish
within. Perithecia unequal, more or less irregular, crowded, de-
pressed, blackish-brown or black. Asci very broad, varying from
subglobose to oblong-clavate, fugacious. Sporidia oblong, obtuse,
fenestrate, slightly constricted at the center and appearing uniseptate.
25-33 p. long.

On bark of living Pyrus Americana, Buffalo, N. Y. (Clinton).

F. phawspora, Sacc. F. Ven. Nov. Ser. IV, p. 13, F. Ital. tab. 140.
Acervuli valsoid, small (2 mm.), orbicular, flattened, seated on the

545

slightly discolored surface of the inner bark and covered by the epi-
dermis. Perithecia 4-6, closely packed and mostly surrounded by a
thin, dark-colored stroma, rather large, nearly \ mm. diam., attenuated
above into short, cylindrical necks with ostiola convergent and per-
forated, piercing the epidermis, but not rising above it. Asci cylin-
drical, 180-250x18-20 p (180x18 p, Sacc), short-stipitate, with
filiform paraphyses; 6-8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical,
35-45 x 16-18 //, hyaline at first, becoming opake and almost black,
9-11-septate, with a few of the cells at first divided by longitudinal
septa, finally densely nmriform.

On decaying branches of Quercus alba, Newfield, N. J.

When the epidermis is peeled off, the clusters of perithecia remain
attached to the surface of the inner bark. The sporidia are scarcely
constricted at the septa.

F. Canadensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma cortical, covered by the epidermis, orbicular, 1-3 mm.
diam., sunk in the surface of the inner bark which is only slightly
raised above it Perithecia 3-10 in a stroma, of medium size, circinate,
buried in the stroma, their short-cylindrical, rounded and obtuse, per-
forated ostiola slightly raising and piercing the epidermis in a com-
pact fascicle, but hardly rising above it. Asci cylindrical, p. sp.
100-115 x 15 //, briefly stipitate, 8-spored. Paraphyses filiform, suit-
gelatinous, guttulate, indistinct. Sporidia uniseriate in some asci,
biseriate in others, acutely-elliptical, 3-septate, the two inner cells
mostly divided by a longitudinal septum, hyaline at first, becoming
olivaceous-brown, except the subapiculate end cells which remain
hyaline, 22-30 x 10-12 p.

On bark of dead Carpinus, London, Canada (Dearness).

The conidial stage is a Coryneum (issued in N. A. F. 2578 as
C. umbo?iatu?n, Nees.) with subfusoid, 6-9-septate cohidia curved at
the ends, 40-60 x 8-10 a, borne on simple, stout basidia 10-1 5 x 4-5 p.
The Coryneum grows under the epidermis which is finally perforated
and slightly raised, and afterwards the circle of perithecia send up
their ostiola through the same opening.

P. hormospora. Cke. Grew XIV, p. 48.

Valsa conjuncta, Schw. (not Fries) Syn. N. Am. I383.
Valsa hormospora, B. & C. in Herb.

Perithecia few, crowded in irregular circles, disk erumpent,
whitish, pulverulent. Ostiola short, subconnate. Asci ample, clavate.
Sporidia subelliptical, not append iculate, constricted in the middle.
5-septate, at length merenchymatic, brown. Disk orbicular.

On branches, Bethlehem, Pa. No measurements gii
69

546

F. condensata, (B. & C.)

Valsa condensata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 163.
Fenestella condensata, Sacc. Syll. 4007, Cke. Syn. 2123.

"Pustules small. Ostiola short. Sporidia obovate, divided hori-
zontally and vertically, 20 ft long, 5-septate. Stroma brown.
On Quercus montana, Virginian mountains " (Berk. 1. c.).

F. castanicola, (B. & C.)

Valsa castanicola, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. ioi.
Fenestella castanicola, Sacc. Syll. 4014, Cke. Syn. 2130.

"Pustules small, rather flat. Ostiola not prominent. Asci slightly
clavate. Sporidia biseriate, cymbaeform, pointed, triseptate, at length
vertically divided, 10 /j. long."

On small twigs of Castanea, Virginian mountains (Berk. 1. c).

BOTRYOSPHiERIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema Sferiac. p. 37.

Stroma pulvinate or depressed-conical, erumpent, becoming more
or less superficial, black, of pseudoparenchymatic structure, often
reduced to a thin crust, connecting the bases of the perithecia, and
inconspicuous or nearly wanting. Perithecia at first sunk in the
stroma, often remaining so, but also finally more or less prominent, so
as to present a botryoidal aspect, mostly small and globose, with an
inconspicuous, papilliform ostiolum. Asci 8-spored, paraphysate,
Sporidia oblong, elliptical or ovate, hyaline, continuous.

B. fuliginosa, (M. & N.) (Plate 36)

Sphceria Quercuuni, Schw. Syn. Car. 125.

Melogramma fuliginosum, (M. & N.) Ell. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1879, p. 66,

Sphceria ambigua, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1492.

Sphceria Calycanthi, Schw. 1. c. 1434.

Sphceria Persimmons, Schw. 1. c. 1444.

Sphceria thyoidea, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 14.

Sphceria Syringe?, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1667.

Sphceria viscosa, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 34.

Sphceria pyriospora, EH. Bull. Ttirr. Bot. Club, V, p. 4.6.

Dothidea moricola, C. & E. and Dothidea venenata, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 95.

Dothidea Tamaricis, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.

Sphceria Vvce-sarmenti ', Cke. Grev. XI. p. 109.

Eotryosphceria pustulata, Sacc. (in Ell. N. A. F. 480).

Dothidea Cerasi, C & E. Grev. V, p. 34.

Thuemenia Wistarice, Rehm in Thum. M. U. 971.

Sphceria mutila, Fr. in Rav. Car. Ill, 62.

Melogramma CallicarpcS, Cke. iri Rav. F. Am. 767.

Eotryosphceria Berengerianaf De Not. Sfer. Ital. fig. 90.

Sphceria fuliginosa, M. & N. Exsicc. (sec. Tul.)

Melogramma Aceris, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 8, Sphceria eriostega, C. & E. Grev. V,
p. 34, and Valsa Mahaleb, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 11, also appear to belong
here, but our specc. of these are sterile or immature.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 475-481.— Rav. F. Am. 666, 667, 668,. 678, 740, 767.

547

Stroma variable, erumpent, often rudimentary, orbicular, about 1
mm. diam., or by confluence larger and variable in shape. Perithelia
sunk in the stroma, finally emergent and often quite superficial, stro-
matically connected below, botryoidally aggregated or subcespitose,
white inside. Asci inflated-clavate, paraphysate, 8-spored, 75-100 x
18-25 fi, Sporidia imperfectly biseriate, inequilaterally elliptical,
hyaline, continuous, 18-38 x 8-15 p.

On dead limbs of various deciduous trees and shrubs, throughout
the U. S. and Canada. Common and variable. See paper in Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., referred to above. The forms with scattered
perithecia (var. simplex) have been removed to Physalospora.

Repeated observation convinces us that it would be simply ab-
surd to separate the various forms above quoted as distinct species.
Without knowing the host, it would be impossible to separate them.
Sphoeria Hibisci, Schw., and S. Cratmgi, Schw., which in the
paper above referred to were interrogatively included as synonyms,
prove on examination to be different. Figs 1 and 2, PI. 36, represent
the two extreme forms.

B. minor, E. & E. Journ, Mycol. IV, p. 77.

Perithecia minute (150-170 /*), white inside, mostly in small
erumpent groups of 2-6 joined in an imperfectly developed stroma.
Asci 75 x 20 /x. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, subelliptical (narrower at
the ends), 14-16x6-7 //, yellowish-hyaline. Differs from the larger
forms included under Botryosphceria.

On Sesbania, Louisiana (Langlois).

B. abnipta, B. & C. Grev. XIII, p. 101.

Stromata erumpent, closely surrounded by the fissured epidermis,
subdiscoid. Perithecia globose, semiimmersed, black, at length con-
fluent, truncate-obtuse, abrupt, white within. Asci clavate, 8-spored.
Sporidia elliptic-fusoid, subattenuated at each end, obtuse, continuous,
hyaline, becoming yellow, granular within, 22-24 x 10 ti.

On Cyrilla, Carolina.

B. melathroa, B. & C. Grev. 1. c.

Stroma longitudinally effused, innate, erumpent. Perithecia
ovate, crowded, subdistinct, black, rounded at the apex, small. Asci
clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia elliptical, continuous, 20 x 8 /i, hyaline.

On Crataegus cor data, Pennsylvania.

B. Araliie, Curtis, Grev. XIII, p. 101.

Stromata innate-erumpent, corticolous, subpulvinatc, black, gen-

548

orally subseriate, (1 mm. diam.), white inside, surrounded by the epi-
dermis. Perithecia scarcely distinct (subconfluent), rather obtuse,
opake. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, continuous, hyaline,
20 x 8 fi.

On bark of Aralia spinosa, Carolina (Curtis).

B. Vibtirni, Cke. Grev. 1. c.

Stromata erumpent, gregarious, very small (|-| mm.), corticolous,
depressed-pulvinate, dark brown, surface tuberculose, white inside.
Perithecia 6-10, subimmersed, convex above, perforated. Asci cla-
vate. Sporidia narrow-elliptical, continuous, turning yellow, granular,
18-21x8 ju.

On branches of Viburnum opulus. United States.

Closely allied to B. Aralice, of which it may be a variety.

B. flypericorum, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 102.

Subelliptical, flattish, black. Perithecia small, connate, white
inside, closely embraced by the ruptured epidermis. Asci clavate,
8-spored. Sporidia narrow-elliptical, continuous, hyaline, about 20 x
5 (i (immature).

On stems of Hypericum prolifer 'um, United States.

B. stomatica, Schw. Grev. 1. c.

Widely effused, emergent, staining the wood black. Perithecia
semiimmersed, rather large. Ostiola large and prominent, cylindrical,
obtuse. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, continuous, brown,
12-13x5 //.

On rotten wood, Indiana.

Differs from the others in its brown sporidia.

We have seen no specc. of the last six species, and take the
descriptions from Grevillea.

B. Arctostaphyli, (Plowr.)

Sphczria Arctostaphyli, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 73.
Botryosphczria Arctostaphyli, Sacc. Syll. 1764, Cke. Syn. 1405.

Perithecia superficial, depressed-globose, black, roughish, gre-
garious, |-1 mm. Ostiola obscurely papilliform. Asci clavate-pyri-
form, 70x15-20 p.. Sporidia continuous, ovoid, sometimes a little
curved, 15-18x4—5 /z, hyaline. Spermogonial perithecia about the
same as the ascigerous ones. Spermatia oblong, hyaline, 5-7 x2 jul.

On bleached wood of Arctostaphylus, California (Harkness).

Our specc. from Dr. Harkness show only sperrnogonia. The
stroma seems to be entirely wanting.

549

B. Van Vleckii, (Schw.)

Sphczria Van Vleckii, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1427.
Botryosphceria Van Vleckii, Sacc. Syll. 1800, Cke. Syn. 1449.

Irregularly cespitose on a black, subpulverulent stroma, rising
from the inner bark, or from the wood itself, irregular in shape, and
easily deciduous, at first covered by the epidermis, at length erumpent,
causing the trunk to appear as if pitted with small pox, and throwing
off the bark. Perithecia cylindrical-globose, black (white within),
rugose, scarcely confluent. Ostiola long, rostellate. mixed with shorter
ones, divergent, and finally deciduous. . Sporidia narrow-fusoid, hya-
line, 15 ijl long.

On Bignonia, Carolina (Schw.), Pennsylvania (Michener).

B. graphidea, (B. & Rav.)

Melogramma graphideutn, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 98.
Botryosphceria' graphidea, Sacc. Syll. 1791, Cke. Syn. 1442.

Looks at first sight like a Lichen, as the strata are of various
shapes, triangular, sinuated, &c, and surrounded by a rigid border of
the bark. Sporidia short-fusiform, hyaline, 20 fi long.

On Myrica cerifera, (Carolina)?

B. Ficus, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.

Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 797.

Perithecia very small, obtuse, black, erumpent in tufts or lines.
Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptic-lanceolate, continuous, hyaline, 25 x
10 /i.

On bark of Ficus carica, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Species imperfectly known.
B. Liriodendri, (Cke.)

Melogramma Liriodendri, Cke. in Rav.F. Am. 353.
Botryosphceria Liriodendri, Saoc. Syll. 1798, Cke. Syn. 1430.

The specc, in Rav. F. Am. show only stylospores, oblong-fusoid,
hyaline, about 30 x 5 /*, and are entirely without asci.

B. euomphala, (B. & C.)

Sphczria euomphala, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 141.
Botryosphceria euomphala, Sacc. Syll. 1784.
Byssosphceria euomphala, Cke. Syn. 2603.

"Perithecia cup-shaped, rugose, crowded. Asci clavate. Spo-
ridia biseriate, hyaline, subelliptical."

On fallen branches in damp places, South Carolina (Ravenel).

550

B. horizontalis, (B. & C.)

Melogramma horizontal, B. & C. Grew IV, p. 98.
Botryosphceria horizontalis, Sacc. Syll. 1789, Cke. Syn. 1429,

" Bursting the bark transversely. Perithecia minutely pulveru-
lent. Asci large, clavate. Sporidia hyaline, fusiform."
On Gossypium, South Carolina (Ravenel).

B. rhizogena, (Berk.)

Sphceria rhizogena, Berk. Hook. I,ond. Journ. Bot. Vol. IV, p. 312.
Botryosphceria rhizogena, .Sacc. Syll. 1786, Cke. Syn. 1440.

"Patches nearly orbicular, 4 mm. or more broad, surface rather
irregular, here and there depressed. Stroma pale yellowish-brown.
Perithecia minute, dull, not shining, partially immersed, pale brown
when shaded from the light, nearly black above, at first pruinose, glo-
bose, with a minute and sometimes depressed papilla, filled with pale
brownish jelly. Asci linear. Sporidia elliptical. Exactly the habit
of Gucurbitaria Laburrii, but differs in structure."

On roots of Gleditschia triaccmthus, Ohio (Lea).

B. subconnata, (Schw.)

Sphceria subconnata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1443.

Thuemenia valsarioides, Rehm inThum. M. U. 2166. (sec. Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 101).

" Cespitose, confluent, elliptical, erumpent through the thin epi-
dermis, scarcely a line long, black. Perithecia few, comparatively
large, flattened at the apex, or irregularly subcollapsing, papillate-osti-
olate, white inside, at length deciduous, leaving white, cup-shaped
cavities."

On Gossypium, Carolina (Schw.), Georgia (Ravenel).

The spec, in our copy of Myc. Univ. is immature. The perithecia
are 80-110 i± diam., and rather numerous, instead of "comparatively
large and few." The spec. 1443 in Herb. Schw. is only a Phoma with
sporules, 5-7 x 2| //, hyaline.

B. Castanet, (Schw.)

Sphczria Castanece, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 124.
Botryosphceria Castanece, Sacc. Syll. 1797, Cke. Syn. 1447.

Stroma ovate, tuberculose, about 6 mm. long, dark brown, sub-
elevated. Perithecia globose-depressed, few or numerous (30-100),
distinctly papillate, the upper part of the perithecia deciduous, leaving
the basal cavities resembling a honeycomb; when young white inside.

On chestnut limbs, Carolina (Schw.).

551
B. propiillans, (Schw).

Sphceria propullans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1447.
Botryospharia propullans, Cke. Syn. 1434.

Black, seated in the inner bark, and erumpent through the epi-
dermis, by which it is closely surrounded, subrotund, base contracted,
subturbinate, seated on a scanty stroma. Perithecia rather large,
prominent, subdepressed, crowned with a papilliform, central ostiolum.
Tufts of perithecia numerous, appearing punctate-rugose above.

On much decayed stems of Celastrtis, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The diagnosis (taken from Schw. Syn.) is obscure, and the species
doubtful. There is no spec, in Herb. Schw.

MYRMJWIUM, Sacc.

Syll. I, p. 6oo>

Perithecia botryose-aggregated, erumpent-superficial, glabrous,
white inside, seated on a depressed-pulvinate, rather soft stroma also
whitish within. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
ovoid-oblong, uniseptate, hyaline.

M. endoleiicum, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 138.

Acervuli gregarious, subsuperficial, depressed-pulvinate, J-J mm.
diam., very black outside, but the nuclei of the perithecia and the
inside of the stroma white. Perithecia slightly sunk in the stroma,
subglobose, obtuse, tuberculose-prominent, texture parenchymatic, dark
brown. Asci cylindrical, very short-stipitate, rounded at the apex,
90x5-6 fi, paraphyses grumose-deliquescent. Sporidia uniseriate,
ovoicloblong, 10-13x5-6 /*, 2-nucleate, uniseptate, not constricted,
hyaline.

On bark of limbs, Corpus Christi, Texas (Ravenel).

M. dichaenoides, (B. & €.)

Sphceria dichcenoides, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 98.

Myrmcecium dich<znoides, Sacc. Syll. 2387, Cke. Syn. 1455 (subgenus)*

" Spots bursting out transversely, but generally orbicular, very
rough with the conical, rugose, pulverulent ostiola. Asci clavate.
Sporidia hyaline, in one or sometimes two rows, oblong, sometimes
narrower below, obtuse, 25 p. long. Looks at first sight like a
Dichcena."

On oak, Alabama (Beaumont).

552

M. snbaqnilum, (B. & C.)

Mclogramma subaquilum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 98.
Myrmczcium subaquilum, (subgenus) Cke. Syn. 1456.

"Perithecia few, bursting through the bark longitudinally. Asci
clavate. Sporidia narrow, uniseptate, constricted more or less at the
septum, sometimes almost biconical, 20-22 /i long."

On -Acer striatum, Massachusetts.

ENDOTHIA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 385.

Stroma at first covered, then erumpent, tubercular, bright-colored
inside and out, sjibcOriaceous. Perithecia buried in the stroma, mostly
in a single layer, with long necks. Asci oblong-fusoid or clavate<
8-spored, without paraphyses. Sporidia broad-fusoid or elliptical,
2-celled, hyaline (Winter in Die Pilze).

E. gyr<6sa, (Schw.) (Plate 36)

Sphceria radicalis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1269, Fr. Flench. II, p. 73.
Sphceria gyrosa, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 24.
Valsa radicalis, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 33.
Melogramma gyrosum, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 87.
Endothia gyrosa, Fckl. Symb. p. 226.
Endothia radicalis, Fr. Summa, p. 385.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 254.— Thum. M. U. 769.-EII. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 195b.

Stromata gregarious or subeonfluent, tubercular-pulvinate, round,
elliptical or subelongated, finally flattened above, erumpent, deep
orange-yellow outside, paler yellow inside, subpulverulent, 1-2 mm.
diam. Perithecia buried in the stroma, submonostichous, \ mm. or
less in diam., contracted into slender necks rising through the sub-
stance of the stroma, with their obtuse, black, perforated ostiola
slightly erumpent. Asci attenuated-substipitate, 8-spored, 25-28 x
8-9 ji, subelavate, aparaphysate. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fuwoid, or
narrow-elliptical, septate in the middle, but not constricted, hyaline,
7-9 x2J-3 fi.

On bark of decaying oak, Florida (Calkins), on Liquidambar.
Newfield,N. J.

Perithecia 10-30 in a stroma, Herb. Schw. 1269, is the spermo-
gonial stage, spermatia 2 x \ /a, hyaline.

E. Parryi, (Far low).

Dothidea Parryi, Farlow MSS.
Endothia Parryi, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 102.

Stromata pulvinite-erumpent. Perithecia numerous, concentric-

553

ally aggregated, brown, surrounded by the orange-red epidermis.
Asci linear-clavate, 76-110 x 16-20 /i, aparaphysate, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia irregularly biseriate, hyaline, 20-26 x 5-7 /i, uniseptate, ellip-
tical, subacute, slightly constricted.

On Agave Shawii, S. W. United States.

MELOGRAMMA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Sc. p. 386.

Stroma suborbicular, depressed-hemispherical, pulvinate or con-
ical, erumpent and superficial, mostly containing numerous perithecia.
Asci subcylindrical, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia fusoid or cylin-
drical, with several septa, hyaline or colored.

M. Bulliardi, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 81. (Plate 36, M. varans.)

Variolaria Melogramma, Bull. Champ, torn. I, p. 182, tab. 492, fig. 1.
Sphceria ocellata, Pers. Disp. p. 2.
Sphcerta Melogramma, Pers. Syn. p. 13.

Melogramma fusisporum, and campylosporum, Fr. Summa, p. 386.
Melogramma vagans, De Not. Micr. Dec. IX, No. 2.
Hypocrea Ravenelii, Berk, in Rav. F. Car. V, 51.
Diatrype laleritia, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IX, p. 19.
Hypoxylon myriangiotdes, B. & C. in Ell. N. A. F. 474.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1033.— Rab. F. E. 937, 1923.— Thum. M. U. 366.— Roum. F. G. 173,
1174.— EH. N. A. F. 474.— Rav. Fungi Car. V, No. 51.

Stromata gregarious, scattered or subseriate and sometimes
confluent, erumpent-superficial, depressed-pulvinate, subhemispherical
or obtusely conical, 1-3 mm. diam., dull brick-red at first, at length
clay color or nearly black outside, brick-red or nearly blood-red inside,
oi subcarnose texture, more or less roughened and pitted from the
collapsing of the upper part of the perithecia which are arranged in a
single peripheric layer, 10-40 in a stroma, ovate, small (less than \
mm. diam.), at length more or less emergent and collapsing above.
Asci clavate, sessile, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia crowded-biseri-
ate, fusoid, 3-septate, slightly curved, light brown, end cells paler,
38-50 x 3J-5 a.

On dead limbs of Carpinus Americana, Carolina, Pennsylvania.
New York (Brown), and Canada (Dearness).

In some of the Canada specc. the stroma is reduced to a mere
crust on which stand the cup-shaped perithecia, exactly as in Fraechi-
cea callista. The red color of the stroma both inside and out finally
disappears.

M. Meliie, Curtis, in Curtis Cat. p. 143 and Grew XIII, p. 103.

(Not Sphceria Melicz, ISehw., which is Botryosphceria) .

Acervuli erumpent, black, subdiscoid or oblong. Perithecia prom-
70

554

inent, at length partially free, rugose, flattened above. Asci clavate,
large, 8-spored. Sporidia sublanceolate, 3-septate, riot constricted,
rarely 5-septate, 38-42 x 10 /i, brown.

On Melia, Lower and Middle Carolina (Curtis).

M. Hibisci, (Schw.)

SphcEria Hibisci, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1444.
Botryosphceria, Hibisci, Cke. Syn. 1422.

Stromata scattered, small (1-2 mm.), suborbicular or by confluence
elongated and subflexuous, surrounded by the substellate-cleft epider-
mis. Perithecia 3-6 in a stroma, with the apex prominent, white in-
side at first. Asci cylindrical, 75-80 x 8-9 p, paraphysate, 8-spored,
Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, or ovate-elliptical, yellowish-hyaline,
3-septate and slightly constricted at the middle septum, 18-20x 6-7 p..

On Hibiscus Syriacus (cult.), Newfield, N. J.

The specc. in Herb. Schw. show only the stylosporous stage (Dip-
lodia [Dothiorella) hibiscina, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 5).

M. ferrugineum, (Pers.)

Sphceria ferruginea, Pers. Obs. I, p. 66.
Diatrype ferruginea, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 385.
Melogramma ferrugineum, Ces. & De Not. Schema Sferiac. p. 30.
Silia ferruginea, Karst. Mycol. Fenn. II, p. 159.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1038.— Sydow, M. March. 1883.— Rehm Asc. 978.

Stromata mostly numerous, irregularly scattered, often confluent,
pulvinate, round, elongated or sometimes 4-angled, 1-3 mm. broad,
surrounded by the erect or recurved margin of the ruptured epidermis,
black outside, rusty-yellow-pulverulent within. Perithecia generally
numerous, crowded in a single layer, or occasionally one lying
above another, globose, ovate, or irregular in shape from mutual press-
ure, with long, cylindrical necks terminating in the thickly crowded,
more or less elongated, sometimes curved, rough, wrinkled, shining-
black, erumpent ostiola. Asci narrow clavate-cylindrical, sessile, 8-
spored, 80-110x15-17 p. Sporidia filiform, slightly curved, with
several oil globules, faintly 6-7-septate, hyaline, 60-85 x 3-4 p.

On chestnut and oak wood, Carolina (Schw. & Ravenel), on Pop-
ulus tremuloides, Pennsylvania (Michener).

We have no American specimens of this, and take the diagnosis
from Winter's Pilze.

M. platyroum, B. & C. Grev. XIII, p. 103.

Perithecia botryoid-aggregated, erumpent, subeffused, rarely free-

555

sprinkled below with a grayish powder. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia fusoid, triseptate, hyaline, 20-22 x 4 fi.
On bare wood, Pennsylvania.

M. Spraguei, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 99, and XIII, p. 103.

Thyridium Spraguei, Sacc. Syll. 3994.

" Undulate, pulverulent, looking like the work of some burrowing
larva. Perithecia entirely concealed. Asci linear. Sporidia short-
clavate, with three horizontal and a few vertical septa.1'

Sec. Cke. (Grev. 1. c.) this has no affinity with Thyridium. It
occurs on small branches (of Pinus strobus), Massachusetts.

VALSARIA, Ces. & De Not.

Schema Sferiac. p. 31.

Stroma variable, valsiform or effused, usually covered by the epi-
dermis. Asci mostly 8- (sometimes 4-) spored, paraphysate. Sporidia
oblong or elliptical, uniseptate, brown.

V. insitiva, Ces. & De Not.

Diatrype cincta, (Curr.) B. & Br. in Ell. N. A. F. 170.
Valsa cletkrczcola, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 92.
Diatrype sEthiops, C. & K. Grev. VI, p. 10.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1821, 1822. — Rab. F. E. 1128, 2111, 2112. — Rehm. Asc. 170.
EH. N. A. F. 170.— Sacc M. Ven. 1185.

Stroma variable, 1 rnm.-lj cm. diam., valsiform, diatrypoid, pul-
vinate-tubercular, &c, dull black outside and subcrustaceous, light to-
bacco-brown, and softer (subcarnose) within, blackening the wood be-
neath, and the bark around it. Perithecia deeply sunk in the stroma,
scarcely over \ mm. diam., ovate or flask-shaped, black, coriaceous, nu-
merous, contracted into rather long, slender necks, which rise through
the stroma, and barely pierce its surface in subcircinate groups, but are
not exserted, papilliform or short-conical, and then substellate-cleft,
Anally umbilicate. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, paraphysate. Spo-
ridia uniseriate, mostly lying end to end, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate
and constricted at the septum, dark brown, rounded at the ends, 12-
20x7-10//.

On dead limbs of Morus, Clethra, Quercus, Carya, Pyrns, Mdia,
Berberis, and probably other deciduous trees, from Canada to Louisiana.

Whether this is the Sphceria insitiva, Tode, does not seem to be
definitely known. The Diatrype cincta, in Ell. N. A. F. 170, does
not differ appreciably from Rehm Asc. 170, which Dr. Winter ^quotes
as V. insitiva. V. clethrcecola, C. & E., varies with the stroma val-

556

soid and comparatively thin and small, or subtubercular and much
larger. The sporidia in all the specc. we have examined are mostly
about 15x8/*. South American specc. from Spegazini, on a woody
species of Solanum, have the sporidia mostly less than 15 p. long, while
most of the U. S. specc. have sporidia 15-18, and occasionally even
30 f± long.

Sydow, M. Marchica, 2145, is Anthostoma, sporidia continu-
ous, brown. Roum. F. Gall. 5230, is only the spermogonial stage of
some Valsa, and Thiim. M. U. 466, is a Fenestellct] sporidia 3-4-sep-
tate and submuriform.

V. Farlowiana, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 137. (Plate 36)

Acervuli (stromata) depressed-pulvinate, gregarious, 1-1 § mm.
diam., black, at first subcutaneous, but when the bark falls away,
denuded and seated on the blackened wood. Perithecia numerous,
globulose. Ostiola erumpent in a circular, umbilicate disk. Asci
cylindrical, evanescent, 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, ob-
long-ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, slightly constricted, uniseptate,
dark brown, 15-18x7-8'//.

On branches of Berberis vulgaris, Cambridge, Mass. (Farlow).

This does not seem to us specifically distinct from V. insitiva,
but is separated from that species by Saccardo, on account of the car-
bonaceous stroma and umbilicate disk. Specc. from Farlow do not
agree with the description published, having the stroma much larger
(3 mm.-l| cm. diam.), and where the bark has fallen away, with the
margin abrupt. The outer layer in these denuded stromata is sub-
carbonaceous, which results apparently from exposure, the inside being
of the usual color and consistence. The same subcarbonized surface
has been noted in specc. found at Newfield, N. J., on decorticated
limbs of apple trees.

V. exasperans, (Gerard).

Diatrype exasperans, Ger. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 40, (Sept. 1874).
Diatrype obesa, B. & C. in Herb.

Diatrype quadrata, Schw. (fide Berk, in Grev. IV, p. 94.
Sphceria aspera, Fr. in Herb. Schw. 1440.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 467, 2261. — Rehm Asc. 325. — Rav. F. Am. 665.— Rav. Car. IV, No. 47.
EH. N. A. F. 493.

Stromata scattered or seriately confluent, orbicular, oblong or
variously shaped, flattened below and enclosed in a distinct con-
ceptacle, open above, sides rising abruptly 1J-2 mm. high, subcarnose
and dirty blackish- or yellowish-brown inside, the tawny-yellow apex
erumpent and closely embraced by the epidermis, seated on the sur-
face of the inner bark. Perithecia polystichous, subglobose, about
I mm. diam. or a little over, coriaceous, black, necks cylindrical, rising

557

through the substance of the stroma, with their coarse, black, rough,
perforated, conic-hemispherical ostiola (finally subcollapsing) tardily
erumpent, but not exserted. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, paraph v-
sate, p. sp. 80-100 x 10 //. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, urn-
septate and constricted, obtusely rounded at the ends, deep reddish
brown, 14-16x9-10/*.

On bark of dead Acer, Fagus, tarpimis, Prunus, Liquid":
bar, Nyssa, Ulmus, &c, common, Canada to Florida.

On bark with a thick epidermis, like cherry and scarlet oak, the
conceptacles adhere to the epidermis and come off with it. This does
not agree with the description of Sphceria quadrata, Schw. or with
the specc. of that species in Herb. Schw. The Sphceria quadrata in
Herb. Schw. is a Hypoxylon, as indicated in the diagnosis in Schw.
Syn. N. Am. 1223. This species may be recognized by the tawny-
yellow color of the erumpent apex of the stroma.

V. Akebiae, E> & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia globose, small, about 200 ju diam., 3-6 together, sub-
circinate in the scarcely altered substance of the inner bark, contracted
above into very short necks, which raise the bark into little excres-
cence-like pustules through the pulverulent surface of which the minute,
black ostiola are barely visible. Asci cylindrical, subsessile, paraph -
ysate, 8-spored, 100-110x8-10 jut. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-el lip-
tical, straight or slightly curved, brown, uniseptate, obtuse, scarcely
constricted, 12-18 x 6-6 jx.

On dead vines of Akebia quinata (cult.), Newfield. N. J.

V. piistulans, (E. & E.)

Diatrype pustulans, E. & E. Jourru Mycol. IV, p. 80.
Valsaria pustulans, Sacc. Syll. Add. II, p. 758.

Stroma flattened, formed of the scarcely altered substance of the
matrix, covered by the cuticle which is blackened and raised in a
pustuliform manner, and finally pierced by the slightly projecting,
papillifbrm ostiola. The separate stromata are J-| cm. across, but are
more or less confluent with each other for 2-4 cm. or more in extent:
the surface of the culm being continuously blackened, and the entire
area bounded by a black circumscribing line. Perithecia membrana-
ceo-eoriaceous, subglobose, or a little flattened, of medium size, 8-12
in a stroma. Asci slender, 75-85 x 6-7 jut, subsessile, with distinct,
filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, uniseptate and con-
stricted, slightly narrowed at the ends, straight, brown, 10-12 x 3 jut.
This is preceded or accompanied by a Coniothyrimn with numerous

558

small, immersed perithecia, and small (2 //), brown sporules, which
ooze out and stain the surface of the matrix with an ■ olivaceous, pul-
verulent coat.

On dead stems of Arundinaria, St. Martinsville, La. (Langlois).

V. apatosa, (C. & E.)

Falsa apatosa, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 12, PI. 95, fig. 1.
Valsaria apatosa, Sacc. Syll. 2822.

Stroma valsoid, slightly pustuliform, 1-2 mm. diam., covered by
the epidermis. Perithecia 4-6 in a stroma, circinate, small, mostly
less than \ mm. diam. Ostiola confluent, obtuse, perforated, piercing
the epidermis in the form of a small, black disk, but scarcely rising
above it. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 100-115x20-25 ju, paraphysate,
subsessile. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or biseriate, oblong-elliptical,
uniseptate, scarcely constricted, 22-35 x 10-12 jj. (35 x5// Cke.).

On dead limbs of Nyssa, Newfield, N. J.

V. annularis, (Pk.)

Diatrype angularis, Pk. Bot. Gaz. V, p. 36.

Valsaria angularis, Sacc. Syll. 2820.

Stromata scattered, ovate-globose, 1-2 mm. diam., the base sunk
in the bark, but not penetrating to the wood, the upper part erumpent
and closely embraced by the ruptured epidermis, black outside, cine-
reous with a reddish tint within. Perithecia 1-7 in a stroma, ovate,
about J mm. high and \ mm. broad, subcircinate near the bottom of
the stroma, brownish, attenuated into rather long, stout necks (which
show as light-colored points on a cross section), terminating in stout,
angular, black, subpyramidal ostiola mostly converging so that the
erumpent part of the stroma appears deeply sulcate. Asci cylindrical,
short-stipitate, 200-230x18-20 p, with stout (3-4 /jl thick), jointed
paraphyses. Sporidia 4-8 in an ascus, elliptical or oblong-elliptical,
brown, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, 30-52 x 12-15 /*.

On bark of dead basswood (Tilia Americana), Vermont (Pringle).

A very distinct and curious species. Described from specc. sent
by Mr. Peck.

V. moroides, (C. & P.)

Diatrype moroides, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 63.
Valsaria moroides, Sacc. Syll. 2839.
Exsicc. P)ll. N. A. F. 90.

Stroma pulvinate, buried in the scarcely altered substance of the
bark, with the subtubercular apex erumpent and closely embraced by
the epidermis, suborbicular or elliptical, 2-4 mm. long, a little paler

559

than the surrounding portion of the bark, but the outer layer slightly
blackened so as to show on a cross section near the base a faint cir-
cumscribing line, and when the bark is peeled off, the inner surface
shows faint, whitish spots indicating the position of the stromata buried
in the bark. Perithecia 6-15 crowded in the bottom of the stroma,
small (| mm. or less), black, coriaceous, their rather short necks termi-
nating in hemispherical, black ostiola scattered and erumpent through
the strongly convex disk. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 75-80 x
4 //, paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, uniseptate, brown, not
constricted, straight or slightly curved, 1 2-1 5 x 3-4 pu
On bark of dead alders, New York and New Jersey.

V. purpurea, Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 28.

Pustules prominent, erumpent, covered with a purplish tome n turn.
Perithecia 6-20 in a pustule, crowded, subglobose, black. Ostiola
piercing the tomentum, rostrate, cylindrical or elongated-conical, rug-
ged, sometimes curved or flexuous, black. Asci cylindrical, paraph-
ysate, 75-105x10 p.. Sporidia uniseriate, colored, oblong-elliptical,
uniseptate, 15-18 x 7|-8 yt.

On bark of dead Fraxinus, Canada (Macoun).

V. Peckii, (Howe).

Valsa Peckii, Howe, 27th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 109.
Valsaria Peckii, Sacc. Syll. 2825, Cke. Syn. 2076.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. J71.

Stroma oblong or elliptical, 1-2 mm. long, covered by the bark
and partly sunk in the wood, gray inside. Perithecia 5-15 crowded
in the bottom of the stroma, rather less than \ mm. diam., ovate-
globose, coriaceous, thick-walled. Ostiola erumpent, connate, stout-
cylindrical, rough, mostly sparingly clothed with a thin, light brown,
farinose tomentum, conic-hemispherical or obtuse at the apex, perfor-
ated, rising through the slightly elevated bark in an oblong, dense
fascicle. Asci narrow-cylindrical, short-stipitate, 100-110x5-6 //,
paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-cylindrical, straight or
slightly curved, uniseptate, brown, 12-15x5 //.

On dead stems of Kalmia latifolia and Vaccinium corymboxHm.
New York and New Jersey.

V. Niesslii, (Winter).

Phceosperma Niesslii, Winter, in Hedw. 1874, p. 131.
Valsaria Niesslii, Winter, Sacc. Syll. 2836, Cke. Syn. 2086.

Stroma immersed in the inner bark, thick, hemispherical from an

560

orbicular or oval base, brown inside, with an elliptical or suborbicular
disk, at first brown, at length black (from the discharged sporidia),
erumpent, rugulose. Perithecia 10-40 in a stroma, sunk to the bottom
of the stroma, inordinate, densely crowded, subglobose or angular
from compression, black, 600-700 p diam. Ostiola very long, thick,
rugose-tuberculose, thickened at the apex, very black, piercing the
disk and exserted 1 mm. above it. Asci cylindrical, very long-stipi-
tate, 8-spored, p. sp. 70-90 x 6-7 p. Paraphyses filiform, very slender,
guttulate. Sporidia uniseriate,. oblong, rounded at the ends, straight
or curved, septate in the middle, not constricted at the septum, pale
brownish-black, 8-15x4—5 p.

On dead white birch, New York State (Peck).

We have seen no specimens and take the above diagnosis from
Sacc. Syll.

V. Robinise, (Schw.)

Sphceria Robtnice, Schw. Syn. Car. 61, Fr. S. M. II, p. 352.

Forming tubercles an inch long and J of an inch across, sunk to
the wood, the upper part narrowed, erumpent, flattish, opake. Peri-
thecia sunk to the bottom of the stroma, crowded, ovate-oblong, rather
small, shining, the long necks rising to the surface and terminating in
smooth, umbonate, distant ostiola either short or 1-2 lines long. Spo-
ridia (sec. Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 37) elliptical, uniseptate, brown, 20 p
long.

On dead limbs of Robinia pseudacacia, Carolina (Schw.).

V. melastroma, (Fr.)

Sphceria melastroma, Fr. S. M. II, p. 399, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1358.
Fxsicc. Fr. Scl. Suec. No. 223.

Has the habit of Diatrypella verruccefor?nis, but lesss prominent,
and conceptacle entirely cortical. Perithecia about 7, suberect,
crowded, deeply immersed, vertically collapsing. Disk erumpent
through the angularly cleft epidermis, formed from the inner bark, but
the surface smooth, opake, blackened. The ostiola pierce the disk but
are not exserted.

On bark of Ulmus, Carolina (Schw.). Sporidia (sec. Cke.) ellip-
tical, brown, uniseptate, 22 x 14 p.

V. salicina, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Pa. July, 1890.

p. 236.
Stroma subovate, 2— 2J mm. diam., buried in the bark, the upper
part light-colored within, and projecting so as to form a brownish-black7

561

subhemispherical tubercle, 1-2 mm. across, and less than 1 nun. high,
minutely papillose above from the slightly projecting ostiola. The
upper, projecting part of the stroma, is of a light horn-color inside.
Perithecia 10-20 irregularly crowded in the bottom of the stroma,
ovate-globose, with thick, coriaceous walls, contracted above into slen-
der necks 1 mm. or more long, terminating above in the papilliform
ostiola. Asci slender, 75-80x5-6 it (p. sp.). Paraphyses abundant,
longer than the asci. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, oblong, crowded,
cylindrical, 2-nucleate, brown, uniseptate, 10-12 x 3| fx. Allied to
V. anthostomoides, Sacc.

On dead limbs of Salix, London, Canada (Dearness).

V. majiiscula, Cke. & Hark. Grew XIII, p. 17.

Covered. Pustules scattered, scarcely prominent, composed of
6-10 perithecia, at length perforating the cuticle. Ostiola short and
obtuse. Asci ample. Sporidia elliptical, constricted in the middle,
ends rounded, uniseptate, brown, 50 x 25 p..

On branches of Salix, California (Harkness).

Sometimes the large sporidia are extruded and form blackened
spots around the ostiola as in Massaria, but this is not a constant
feature. The absence of any hyaline investment of the sporidia also
confirms this as a Valsaria rather than a Massaria.

V. Celtidis, (Cke.)

Valsa Celtidis, Cke. Grev. V, p. 55. tab. 8i, fig. 3.
Valsaria Celtidis, Sacc. Syll. 2808, Cke. Syn. 2070.

Perithecia irregularly circinate, subimmersed. Ostiola black,
emergent in a brown, pruinose disk. Asci cylindrical, attenuated
below, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, uniseptate, brown,
constricted, 20 x 10 fx.

SphcBria fulvopruinata, Berk. Hook. Lond. Joum. Bot. IV, p. 31:
Valsaria fulvopruinata, Sacc. Syll. 2831, Cke. Syn. 2081.

V. fulvopruinata, (Berk.)

Sphceria fulvopruinata, B<
Valsaria fulvopruinata, S

Forming subangular pustules about 2 mm. broad, rather effused
at base, as seen through the thin cuticle. Disk angular, tawny, pul-
verulent, pierced by the black, angular, punctiform ostiola. Stroma
tawny like the disk. Perithecia globose. Asci linear. Sporidia
elliptical, uniseptate, with a single globose nucleus in each cell, ends
subacute, becoming dark brown, 15-18 fi long.

On branches of Platanus, Ohio (Lea). Carolina (Curtis), Con-
necticut (Wright).
71

562

V. Notarisii, (Mont.)

Valsa Notarisii, Mont. Syll. No. 754.
Valsaria Notarisii, Sacc. Syll. 2810, Cke. Syn. 2071.
Sphceria Periplocce, De Not. Micr. VIII.

Pustulate, perforating the epidermis, at length bare. Perithecia
ovoid, circinate, black, buried in a cinereous-black, cortical stroma,
the ostiola connate and erumpent in a flat, black, rugulose disk. Asci
cylindrical, 100 x 10 p. Sporidia uniseriate, uniseptate, oblong, brown,
constricted at the septum, 20 x 10 //.

On Robinia and Gleditschia, Carolina (Curtis).

V. viticola, (Schw.)

Sphtzria viticola, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 64.
Diatrype viticola, Berk. & Curt. Grev. IV, p. 96.
Diatrype {Valsaria) viticola, Cke. Grev. XIV, p. 44.
Valsaria viticola, Sacc. Syll. 2712.

Pustules small, scattered or in parallel series, grayish-black,
rugose. Perithecia few, 2-3, black, in a shining-brown stroma, or
scattered singly in the thick, blackened bark. Sporidia oblong, uni-
septate, constricted slightly at the septum, 15 p. long, brown.

On dead branches of Vitis rotundifolia, Carolina (Schw.).

We have seen no specimens. Perhaps a depauperate form of
V. insitiva.

V. greg&lis, (Schw.)

Sphcsria gregalis, Schw. in Fr. Elench. II, p. 68.

Valsaria f gregalis, Sacc. Syll. 2847.
Melogramma (Valsaria) gregale, Cke. Syn. 1488.

Irregularly effused. Perithecia very delicate, globose, subacute,
pulverulent, nearly superficial and connate, papillate, brown. Stroma
very thin. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, 12-13 p. long.

On rotten wood, Carolina (Schw.).

The stroma is very thin and indeterminate. Perithecia minute,
exactly globose, sometimes connate and sometimes only crowded, very
fragile, brownish-black. Ostiola minute, papilliform.

V. actidia, Berk. & Rav. in Herb. Berk. Grev. XIV, p. 14.

Stromata innate-emergent. Perithecia large, few (4-6). Ostiola
cuneiform, stel lately arranged. Asci ample, (4-spored)? Sporidia
elliptical, uniseptate, constricted, brown, 40-42 x 16-18 ju.

On branches of Ostrya and Carjrinus, South Carolina (Ravenel).

V. gemniata, (B. & Rav.)

Hypoxylon gemmatum, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 50.
Hypoxylon Walterianum, Rav. Fung. Car. IV, No. 35.
Melogramma (Valsaria) gemmatum, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 103.

563

Small, scarcely 2 mm. broad, pulvinate but flat, rust-colored, some-
times transverse, studded with the black, prominent ostiola, which are
perforated in the center. Sporidia uniseptate, brown, 10-12 x 6 ju.

On branches of Liquidambar, South Carolina (Ravenel).

V. Bignonise, (Schw.)

Sphceria Bignonice, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1310.

Valsaria Bignonice, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 39, Sacc. Syll. 4194.

Very variable. When young, pustuliform, black, small, forming,
like some of the other species, a conceptacle subimmersed in the
fibrous bark. Ostiola umbilicate, prominent, cylindrical. Finally the
stromata become confluent for one or two inches in length, bursting
out through longitudinal cracks in the bark, the apex of the concep-
tacles truncate above, and on this truncate surface are seen the short,
thick, irregular ostiola. Perithecia of medium size, immersed in a
cinereous flesh-colored stroma.

On dead limbs of Bignonia, Carolina (Schw.).

Sporidia (fide Cke. Grev. 1. c.) olive-brown, uniseptate, 15x8 fi.

V. Phoradendri, (B. & C.)

Melogramma Phoradendri, B. & C. in Curt. Cat. p. 143 and Grev. XIII, p. 103.
Valsaria Phoradendri, Sacc. Syll. 6633.

Perithecia gregarious, covered, at length erumpent through the
fissured bark, black, obtuse. Asci subcylindrical. Sporidia subellip-
tical, uniseptate, slightly constricted, brown, 28-30 x 10-12 a.

On bark of Phoradendron Jlavesce?is, seaboard of Carolinn
(Curtis).

V. collematoides, (B. & Rav.)

Botryosphceria collematoides, B. & Rav. Grev. XIII, p. 102.
Valsaria collematoides, Berl. & Vogl. in Sacc. Syll. Add. I, p. 131.

Stroma effused, thin, black. Perithecia small, oval, crowded, at
length flattened at the apex, opake, at length botryoid-aggregated, sub-
confluent. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical, uniseptate.
scarcely constricted, brown, 15 x 7 u.

On bark, United States (Cooke, 1. c).

Has the habit of Botryosphceria, with the fruit of Valsaria. In
Grev. XIII, p. 108, this is placed in a section having hyaline sporidia.
Not having seen a spec, we cannot say which is right.

V. grandinea, Berk. Grev. XIII, p. 103.

Melogramma ins/dens, Berk, in Grev. IV, p. 99, (not Schw., and not Diatrype

grandinea, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 93).
Valsaria grandinea, Sacc. Syll. 6634.

564

Stroma effused, sabrotund, brownish-black. Perithecia emergent,
crowded, ovate, depressed or subumbilicate at the apex. Asci clavate,
Sporidia elliptical, brown, at length urn" septate, not constricted, 8x4 fi.

On bark of Fraxinus, United States.

V. Beanmontii, (B. & C.)

Hypoxylon Beaumontii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 93.
Valsaria ? Beaumontii, Sacc. Syll. 2848.

Perithecia globose, connate, rather small, at first slightly brown,
then black, smooth, with a distinct, papilliform ostiolum. Asci linear.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, 10 fi long.

Found in Alabama by Beaumont.

Species imperfectly known,
V. nigrofacta, C. & E. (sub Valsa) Grev. VI, p. 12, tab. 95, fig. 4.

Perithecia few, large, covered by the blackened, shining epider-
mis. Ostiola convergent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, nar-
row-elliptical, uniseptate, strongly constricted, brown, 25 x 9 /*, cells
almost globose.

On dead limbs of Sassafras, Newfield, N. J.

We have never seen specc. of this in fruit.-

V. Diospyri, (Schw.)

Sphceria Diospyri, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 57.
Valsaria, Diospyri, Sacc. Syll. 2813.

Pustules prominent, variable, 2 lines broad, covered by the epi-
dermis, which is finally blackened by the extruded sporidia, at length
erumpent and bare. Perithecia minute, globose, monostichous on the
surface of an innate tubercle, and closely covered by the epidermis.
Necks short. Ostiola minute, obsoletely-prominent, at length perfo-
rated. Stroma brown.

On dead limbs of Diospyros, Carolina (Schw.).
"' Sporidia (fide De Not.) ellipsoid, two-celled, brown, slightly con-
stricted. No measurements of sporidia given.

V. Gleditschiae, (Schw.)

Sphceria GleditschicE , Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1435, id. Syn. Car. 31.
Melogramma GleditschicE, Berk, in Grev. IV, p. 98, Cke. Syn. 1184.
Botryosphazria Gleditschitz , Sacc. Syll. 1792.

Variable, black, with a brown stroma. Perithecia conical, con-
nate, stuffed, astomous.

On bark of Gleditschia, Carolina (Schw.), Pennsylvania (Mich-
ener).

565

This is placed, by Cooke in his Synopsis, in the Valaaria Section
of Mdogramma (sporidia uniseptate, brown). The same thing appar-
ently is referred to by Berk. (Grev. IV, p. 47), as Cucurbitaria
Gleditschice, Schw., with the note— " sporidia ovate, uniseptate."

V. nndicollis, (B. & C.)

Hypoxylon nudicolle, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 93.
Valsaria ? nudicollis, Sacc. Syll. 2849.

Peritheeia connate, forming a continuous or slightly interrupted
stratum. Ostiola papilliform, black. Peritheeia crowded, covered
with brownish matter. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong,
narrow, uniseptate.

On pine wood, Carolina.

DIATRYPE, Fi\

Summa Veg. Sc. p. 384, emend. Nitsehke Pyr. Germ. p. 64.

Stroma erumpent-superficial, effused or discoid. Peritheeia im-
mersed in the stroma, necks scarcely converging. Asci 8-spored.
Sporidia allantoid, small, mostly yellowish.

D. stigma, (Hoff.)

Sphceria stigma, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 7, tab. II, fig. 2.

Sphceria decor ticans, Sow. Eng. Fungi, II, tab. 137; III, tab. 371, fig. 3.

SphiSBria undulata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 350.

Sphceria decorticata, DC. Fl. Fr. II, p. 289.

Diatrype Dearnessii, E. & E., Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2526.

Diatrype tennissima, Cke. in Rav. F. Am.

Eutypa micropuncta, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 144.

Sphceria concolor, Schw. and Sphceria subcutanea, Wahl. in Herb. Sehw.

Diatrype undulata and stigma, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 385.

Stictosphcevia Hoffmanni, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 49, tab. VI, figs. 1-11.

Diatrype stigma, De Not. Sfer. p. 26, tab. 25.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1043, 1044, 1047, 2263. — Rab. F. E. 820, 2953. — Rehru Asc. 220. — Cke.
F. Brit. Ser. II, 417.— Sydow, M. March. 191, 448. &c, &c— EH. N. A. F. 491
Rav. F. Am. 357 and 359.

Stroma widely effused, continuous or interrupted, often surround-
ing the limb, sometimes extending for several inches in length, at first
covered by the epidermis, finally exposed, brownish or dusty-white,
becoming darker or nearly black, whitish inside, definitely limited but
irregular in outline, X-\ mm. thick, sometimes undulate and of on-
equal thickness, the thinner parts then often sterile. Peritheeia
monostichous, evenly distributed, ovate, small, with short necks and
punctiform, discoid, depressed-hemispherical or conical, entire or
4-cleft ostiola. Asci clavate-oblong, 8-spored, p. sp. 30-50 x 4-
Sporidia subbiseriate allantoid, brownish, 6-9 x 1-1| //; (M2 x 11-
2 pi, Sacc; 6-12 (mostly 3. x 1—3 //, Winter.

566

On dead limits of various deciduous trees, common.

We do not find the Bporidia in any American specc. over 9 /i long,
mostly not over 7 /i. Specc. in Cooke's Fungi Brit, have sporidia
8-11 x H-2 fi; in Rehm Asa, 6-8 x 1 |-2 /i.

Diatrype Dearnessii, E. & E., is almost exactly the form repre-
sented in Rehm Asc. 220 fi, with conical, 4-sulcate ostiola; D. tenuis-
sima, Cke., is a thin form, but cannot be specifically distinct. The
ostiola vary from flat-discoid, orbicular, as in Rehm Asc. 220 6, to
conical and sulcate, R. Asc. 220 a; between these two extremes are
various gradations. The specc. in Ell. N. A. F. 491, which are the
same as in Rav. F. Am. 359, were issued by Dr. Winter (F. E. 2954)
as D. platystoma, (Schw.), but that is a coarser species with larger
perithecia and ostiola, and a thicker (1 mm.) stroma. In all the
American specc. of D. stigma, the stroma is mostly about | mm. thick.

D. bullata, (Hoff.)

Sphczria bullata, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 5, tab. II, fig. 3.
Sphczria depressa, Bolt. Fungi Halif. Ill, tab. 122, fig. 1.
Sphczria placenta, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 26.
Diatrype bullata, Fr. Summa, p. 385.
Exsiec. Fckl. F. Rh. 1042. — Rab. F. E. 536.— Rehm Asc. 631.— L,inhart's F. Hung. 360.
Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 485.— Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. I, p. 334, Ed. II, p. 961.

Stromata gregarious, often 2-3 confluent, flattish-pulvinate or
shield-shaped, 2-5 mm. broad, orbicular or often with a sinuous, undu-
late outline, at first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, with a
smooth, dark brown surface, whitish within, surrounded at base by
a black line. Perithecia numerous, monostichous, sunk in the stroma,
ovate or angular from mutual pressure, rather small, with short necks
and punctiform, entire, perforated ostiola 'only slightly prominent.
Asci narrow-clavate, long-stipitate, p. sp. 40-55 x 4-6 fi. Sporidia
subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish-hyaline, 6-10 (mostly 5-8) xlJ-2 ju.

On dead saplings, New York (Peck).
D. platystoma, (Schw.)

Sphczria platystoma, Schw. Syn. Car. 43.
Diatrype discostoma, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 144.
F^xsicc. Rav. Car. V, No. 55.— Rav. F. Am. 358.— Ell. N. A. F. 169.

(Plate 34)

Stroma effused or oftener in suborbicular patches 1-2 cm. across
or elongated 2-4x|-l cm., soon erumpent, about 1 mm. thick, margin
abrupt, slaty-black or black. Perithecia monostichous, ovate-oblong,
J-f mm. high, closely packed. Ostiola prominent, hemispherical,
entire or quadrisulcate. Asci (p. sp.) 25-30 x 4 //, stipitate. Sporidia
subbiseriate, allantoid, hyaline, 6-8 x 1| //.

On dead trunks of Qstiya Virginica, Caiolina (Ravenel), Ohio
(Morgan), on dead Hamamelis. New York (Peck), on dead limbs of

567

Acer rubrum, Newlield, N. J. D. discostoma. in Raw V. Am., is

labeled "on Carpinus" but it is apparently on Ostrya.

Specc. of Sphceria subaffixa, Schw., in Herb. Schw., cannot be
distinguished from tliis.

D. consobrlna, Mont. S} 11. Crypt. No. 747.

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2125.

Perithecia small, crowded in a narrow, linear, In-own stroma, often
continuous for 2 or more centimeters, and raising the epidermis into
parallel ridges split along the top, and revealing the brown stroma
roughened'by the numerous, papilliform ostiola, which are finally per-
forated and subumbilicate. Asci clavate, stipitate, p. sp. 20-2") x 5 //.
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish-hyaline, slightly curved, 5-6
x 1J-1J fi.

On dead culms of Arundinaria, Louisiana (Langlois).

D. tiimida, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Diatrype Daldiniana, De Not. in Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2525.

Stromata pulvinate, orbicular or oblong, 3-4 mm. diam., sub-
seriate and subconfluent for 1-2 cm., broad convex-tuberculiform.
nearly black outside, whitish within, buried below in the bark and
circumscribed with a distinct black line. Asci sublanceolate, p. sp.
40-55x6-7 tt, with a long, slender stipe. Sporidia subbiseriate,
allantoid, yellowish, slightly curved, obtuse, 10-12 x 2$-3 ft. Ostiola
prominent but not elongated, deeply quadrisulcate-cleft. Perithecia
with thick, black, coriaceous walls.

On dead bark of elm, London, Canada (Dearness).

This seems to differ from D. Daldiniana in its silicate ostiola
and somewhat smaller sporidia. The stroma also is larger and more
prominent than in the specimen of that species in Etoumeguerc's V.
Gallic!, No.. 1078.

D. Hullensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata subsuperficial, oblong or elliptical, 4-5 mm. in the

longer diameter, pulvinate, often confluent for 2-3 cm. or more, car-
bonaceous and black outside, softer and greenish-yellow within. Per-
ithecia buried in the stroma, ovate globose, \ mm. diam., thin-walled,
contracted above into slender necks, with their large, hemispherical,
4-5-sulcate-cleft ostiola roughening the surface of the stroma,
(p. sp.) clavate, 35-40 x 5-6 //, with a slender stipe. 8-spored, aparaph-
vsate, Sporidia biseriate above, allantoid, yellowish-hyaline, slightly
curved, obtuse, 8-1 1 x 2-2 J ji.

508

On rotten wood, near Hull, Canada (Macoun).
D. corniita, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata scattered, erumpent, black, pulvinate-tuberculiform,
2-3 mm. diam., roughened by the short-cylindrical (1 mm. long), ob-
tuse, scattered ostiola, not penetrating to the wood, but blackening the
inner surface of the bark, and surrounded by a narrow circumscribing
line. Asci (p. sp.) clavate, 25-35 x 8-10 /i, 8-spored, with' a slender
stipe and abundant paraphyses. Sporidia conglobate, allantoid, obtuse,
yellow, about 10x3//.

On bark of dead Ailanthus limbs, Lyndonville, N. Y. (Fairman).

D. fibritecta, C, & E. Grev. V, p. 31.

Stromata small (1| mm.), pustuliform3 dark brown inside, seriate-
confluent, forming parallel lines or strips continuous for several centi-
meters. Perithecia crowded, small, brown. Ostiola erumpent through
the fibers of the bark which covers the pustules, short-cylindrical.
black, obtusely pointed, finally irregularly perforated. Asci clavate,
rounded at the apex, p. sp. 20-25 x 3-3| p.. Sporidia biseriate, allan-
toid, hyaline, 5-6 x 1-1 J //..

On bark of dead Juniperns Virginiana, Newfield, N. J.

D. verrucoides, Pk. in Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 473.

Pustules small, limited 'by a black, circumscribing line, at first
covered by the epidermis which is longitudinally or stellately ruptured.
Stromata black outside, whitish within, frequently covered above by a
cinereous tomentum. Perithecia 3-8 in a pustule. Ostiola black, de-
pressed, stellate-sulcate. Asci clavate. Sporidia continuous, cylin-
drical, straight or slightly curved, 20 x 4 p..

On dead branches of birch, New York State (Peck).

This is said to have been published in 32d Rep. N. Y. State
Mus. — a publication we have never seen.

D. asterostoma, B. & €. Grev. IV, p. 96.

Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 91, 655 and 656.— Ell. N. A. F. 88.

Stromata wart-like, erumpent, scattered or subconfluent, 1|-2J //
diam., embraced at base by the ruptured epidermis, black (white
inside). Perithecia 10-20 in a stroma, globose, black, abruptly con-
tracted into slender necks rising through the white substance of the
stroma with prominent, stellate-cleft, erumpent ostiola. Asci clavate,
long-stipitate, p. sp. 25x4-5 /i, 8-spored. Sporidia allantoid, nearly
hyaline, moderately curved, 6-10 x 1 J-2 p..

569

On dead limbs of Magnolia and of (Nyasaf. South Carolina
(Ravenel).

The diagnosis here given is drawn from the specc. in Rav. F. Am.
The species seems to differ from D. disciformis principally in its
smaller stroma and more prominent ostiola, hut is hardly more than a
variety of that species.

D. disciformis, (Hoff.)

Sphceria disciformis, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 15, tab. IV, fig. 1.
Sphceria depressa, Sow. Eng. Fung. II, tab. 216.
Sphceria grisea , DC. Flore Fr. II, p. 122.
Diatrype disciformis, Fr. Summa, 385.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1041, 2545, 2546.— Rab. F. E. 137.— Rehm Asc. 521.— I^n. Fung.
Hung. 179.— Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser. 218.— Krieger F. Sax. 86.

Stromata scattered or gregarious, flattened-pulvinate, round, 2-3
mm. diam., discoid, erumpent and loosely embraced by the ruptured
epidermis, dark brown, whitish inside, base sunk to the wood and cir-
cumscribed by a black line. Perithecia 20-30 (or more) in a stroma,
ovate, about j x J mm., closely packed and subangular, with short
necks and small, obtusely conical, smooth or 3-5-cleft, slightly pro-
jecting ostiola. Asci clavate, long-stipitate, p. sp. 22-30 x 4-5 //. .
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish, slightly curved, 6-8 x

On dead limbs of Fagus, also on other deciduous trees.

Schweinitz, in his Syn. Car., speaks of this as very common ("vul-
gatissima"). Berkeley also, in Grev. IV, p. 95, quotes it from North
Carolina, Alabama and Pennsylvania under eight different numbers,
but we have never seen any American specimens agreeing well with
the European, of which the description is given above.

D. virescens, (Schw.) , (Plate 34)

Sphceria virescens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1239.
Diatrype disciformis, var. virescens, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 95.
Fxsiec. EH. N. A. F. 776.— Rav. F. Car. IV, 48.

Stromata scattered, erumpent-superficial, orbicular, about 2 mm.
diam., depressed-pulvinate, surrounded at base by the ruptured epi-
dermis, disk greenish-yellow pulverulent, becoming darker with age.
Perithecia monostichous, covered by the waxy, whitish substance <>|
the stroma, about \ mm. diam., 10-15 in a stroma, necks terminating in
obtusely conical, 4-cleft, black ostiola. barely erumpent through th^j
greenish disk. Asci p. sp. about 35x5//, stipitate. 8-spored. Spo-
ridia subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved. 7-9 x
1 2 - ti.

On dead limbs of Fagus, common where that tree is found.
72

570

Considered by Berkeley in Grev. IV, p. 95, as a var. of D. du
ciformis, which differs in its flatter, broader, black-brown stroma an<
smaller asci and sporidia.

D. albopruinosa, (Schw.)

Sphceria albopruinosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1238.
Diatrype roseola, Winter Journ. Mycol. I, p. 121.
Dialrype albopruinosa, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 37.
Diatrype Durieui, Mont, in Herb. Curtis.
Diatrype Webberi, E. & E. in Herb.
' Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2527.

Stromata scattered or subgregarious, sometimes confluent, subor-
bicular, 1|-2| (exceptionally 3-4 mm.) broad, slightly convex, sur-
rounded by the ruptured epidermis, whitish when young and fresh,
becoming finally dark brown, light-colored inside, surface becoming
more or less rimose. Perithecia 10-30 in a stroma, crowded, ovate
or elliptic-oblong. Ostiola more or less prominent, 3-5-sulcate-cleft,
black. Asci oblong-clavate, long-stipitate, p. sp. 55-65 x 7 ft. Spo-
ridia conglobate, allantoid, obtuse, slightly curved, 12-16 x 2J-4 //,
yellow-brown.

On dead limbs of Fagus, Pennsylvania (Schw.), on dead oak
limbs, Missouri and New Jersey, on Cratcegus, and Salix, London,
Canada (Dearness).

This differs from D. disciformis, in its much larger asci and
sporidia.

D. Eucalypti, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 85.

Suborbicular, convex, black. Ostiola conical, sulcate. Asci cla-
vate, long-stipitate. Sporidia slightly curved, ends obtuse, hyaline,
10xlJ/i.

On branches of Eucalyptus globulus, California (Harkness).

We have not seen this, and take the foregoing brief notes from
Grrevillea.

D. Maclime, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma pulvinate, oblong or linear, 2—10 mm. long by 1-2 mm,
wide, almost superficial and faintly circumscribed, brownish-black out-
side, white within. Perithecia crowded in the stroma, ovate, about
\ mm. diam.r with thick, black, coriaceous walls, necks short, with
their thick, flattened, pustulifbrm, irregularly dehiscent ostiola slightly
prominent. Asci clavate, paraphysate, 8-spored, p. sp. about 40 x 6 //.
Sporidia biseriate above, allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved 7
obtuse, 10-14 x 3 /i.

571

On decorticated dead limbs of Madura aurantiam, London,
Canada (Dearness).

On account of its elongated stroma and large sporidia, this seems
quite distinct.

D. prominens, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 85.

Stromata erumpent, pulvinate, hemispherical 2-3 mm. diam. or
oblong 2-3 x 1 mm., closely girt by the epidermis which also adheres
in fragments to .the surface, whitish or cinereous inside. Perithecia
8-15 lying in the bottom of the stroma, about \ mm. diam. Ostiola
rather large, stellate-cleft. Asci subsessile, p. sp. 35-40 x 6 //. Spo-
ridia subbiseriate, allantoid, slightly curved, yellowish, 6-8 x 2 //.

On Arbutus Menziesii, and Mimulus glutinosus, California
(Harkness).

The specimen on Mimulus glutinosus, sent by Harkness, has the
stromata smaller (1-2 mm.), less distinctly erumpent and dark inside,
and the sporidia larger (8-10x2 p), and hardly seems to be the same
as that on Arbutus. Sporidia (sec. Cke.) 12-13 x2//.

D. infiiscans, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata gregarious, small (1—1 J mm.), conic-hemispherical or
tuberculiform, closely covered (except the apex) with the adherent,
blackened epidermis. Perithecia 3-6 in a stroma, globose, thin-walled,
\-\ mm. diam., contracted above into short necks, with the large,
tuberculiform ostiola crowded and erumpent together. Asci (p. sp.)
25 x 4 //, with a slender stipe of about the same length, and filiform
paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid, slightly curved,
yellowish-hyaline, 5-6 x 1J-1J p.

On dead stems of Smilax, Houston, Texas (Ravenel 242).

The epidermis is blackened around the pustules, and where they
stand near each other, it is also blackened continuously between them.
This is distinct from D. smilacicola (Schw.), on account of its very
different stroma and smaller sporidia, and from Diatrypella promi-
nens, Howe, which outwardly it much resembles, by its 8-spored asci
and prominent ostiola.

D. smilacicola, (Schw.)

Sphceria smilacicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1251.

Subpulvinate-effused, seated on the epidermis, surrounded by a
kind of sterile, sublobate margin which adheres to the wood and leaves
a black line. Perithecia few, subprominent, black on the surface and
black or dark brown inside. Stroma scanty, pulverulent. It occurs

572

often 2-6 mm. long and so elevated in the center as to become conical.
Rather rare on dead stems of Smilax rotundifolia, Salem, N. C.
Sporidia (sec. Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 37) allantoid, 12-14 fi long.

D. subferruginea, B. & Rav. in Rav. Fungi Car. IV, No. 44.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1558.

Stromata scattered or subseriately confluent, conical from a sub-
orbicular base. 1-3 mm. diam., black on the outside, composed inside
of the scarcely altered substance of the bark, the apex splitting the
epidermis in a sublaciniate manner, but scarcely raising it into pus-
tules. Perithecia 8-20 in a stroma, small (about 200 jm diam.), brown,
buried in the bottom of the stroma. Ostiola short-cylindrical or elon-
gated, (50-250 jul long), smooth at the apex. Asci not well made out.
Sporidia (free spores) allantoid, nearly hyaline, 5-6xl-l| fi, only
slightly curved.

On bark of dead oak, South Carolina (Ravenel).

The stroma is entirely wanting below.

D. Ceanothi, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 17.

Stromata wait-like, innate-erumpent, black, round, closely sur-
rounded by the ruptured epidermis, black within. Perithecia com-
pressed and of various shapes. Ostiola short, stellate-sulcate. Asci
clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia cylindrical, curved, rounded at the ends,
yellowish-hyaline, 12-14 x 2 fi.

On branches of Ceanothus, California (Harkness).

D. eapnostoma, B. & Rav. in Rav. Fungi Car. IV, No. 42.

Stromata scattered, small (1 mm.), erumpent, not circumscribed.
Perithecia few (3-6), globose, black, not deeply buried, rather less
than I mm. diam.T necks short, with prominent, short-cylindrical, per
fo rated ostiola, piercing the slightly pustulate epidermis together.
Asci stipitate, p. sp. 25-30 x 4 fi. Sporidia subbiseriate, 8 in an ascus,
allantoid, slightly curved, yellowish-hyaline, 5-7 x \\ [jl.

On dead limbs of Morus, South Carolina (Ravenel).

The stromatic material in which the perithecia lie is very scanty,
and of a dark color. Differs from D. infuscans, E. & E., in its cylin-
drical ostiola.

D. Callicarpge, B. & Rav. in Rav. Fungi Car. IV, No. 41.

Stromata thickly scattered, small, (1-1 J mm.), conic-hemispherical,
erumpent, white inside, not circumscribed. Perithecia 3-8, about J

573

him. diam., deeply sunk in the stroma. Ostiola prominent, obtusely
conical, sometimes convergent so as to cause the erumpent part of the
stroma to appear quadrisulcate. Asci stipitate, p. sp. 35 x 5-6 ji.
Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, yellow, slightly curved, with a nucleus
in each end, 6-8 x 1^-2 yt.

" On dead limbs of Callicarpa, South Carolina (Ravenel).
Closely allied to the preceding species.

D. azedarachtse, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.

Sxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 744.

"Erumpent. Stroma black, convex, suborbicular, same color
within. Perithecia compressed. Asci clavate. Sporidia allantoid.
pale brown, 12 x 3 //.''

On branches of Melia, South Carolina.

The specc. in Rav. F. Am. have the stromata thickly scattered,
convex-tuberculiform, 1J-2 mm. diam., roughened above by the prom-
inent, obtusely conical ostiola. Perithecia 4-8 in a stroma, about J
mm. diam., not compressed. Asci stipitate, p. sp. about 35 x 6 //, 8-
spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish, 6-8 x 1^-2 ft.
The stroma seems to have been light-colored inside and out when
fresh. These notes do not agree well with the published character
quoted above. The specc. do not differ essentially (only in the rather
larger stromata) from D. Callicarpce, B. & Rav.

D. radiata, Ell. Am. Nat. Feb. 1883, p. 196.

Stromata 2-3 mm. diam., orbicular, elliptical or sinuous, subhemi-
spherically rounded above and closely embraced by the laciniately
cleft epidermis, circumscribed by a black line which does not penetrate
to the wood. Perithecia membranaceous, |-| mm. diam.. ovate-
globose, deeply sunk in a light-colored, tuberculiform stroma. Ostiola
obtuse, scarcely prominent. Asci clavate, with a slender stipe, p. sp.
about 35 x 6 /*. Sporidia conglomerated, yellowish, allantoid, slightly
curved, 6-12 x 2-2 J //, with a nucleus in each end.

On dead limbs of Ulmus, Decorah, Iowa (Holway).

Outwardly resembles Diatrypella verruciformis.

D. sambucivora, (Schw.)

Spharia sambucivora. Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1275.
Diatrype sambucivora, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 38.

Emergent-superficial, becoming black, longitudinally aggregate*]
conflue'nt, becoming superficial as the bark falls away, surface uneven,
rough, but not crustose. The separate tubercles are ovate or of
irregular shape. Perithecia rather large, numerous, polystiehons.

574

black, crowded in the tubercles, surrounded, when fresh, with a white
stroma. Ostiola polygonal, prominent, at length irregular, deeply
umbiiicate. Very variable in shape as it is found on the wood or on
the bark. Tubercles 4-6 mm. high, in elongated series of several
inches in extent. Sporidia (Cke. 1. c.) 8 fi long, allantoid.

On dead stems of Sambucus Canadensis, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Allied to Sphceria scabrosa.

D. microstega, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata gregarious, small, f-1 mm. diam., erumpent, superficial,
black, rough, subglobose. Perithecia 1-5 in a stroma, small, black.
Ostiola prominent, subpyramidal, and more or less stellate-cleft. Asci
(p. sp.) 35-40 x 6-7 ju. Sporidia subbiseriate, allantoid, yellowish,
slightly curved, 10-12 x 1J-2 ti.

On bark, California (Harkness). Sent as Sphceria submoriformis,
Plowr.

D. Macounii, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1 890, p. 224.

Stroma discoid, gray, 3-4 mm. across, and about 1 mm. thick, sub-
orbicular or subelliptical, seated on the surface of the inner bark, and
loosely embraced by the upturned, ruptured epidermis, circumscribed
by a distinct, black line, which penetrates the bark and stains the sur-
face of the subjacent wood, but does not penetrate it. Perithecia
numerous, 30-50, in a single layer, ovate-globose, \-\ mm. diam., con-
tracted above into short necks terminating in a small, indistinctly
radiate-cleft, black ostiolum, which is in a slight depression of the
stroma. Asci (p. sp.) 20-30 x3 // or, including the thread-like base,
50-60 jut long. Sporidia biseriate above, allantoid, slightly curved,
4-6 x |-1 jot. Substance of the stroma dirty white inside.

On maple bark (Acer rubrum)^., Agassiz, British Columbia
(Macoun).

D. Hochelagae, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p.
224. (Plate 34)

Exsicc. F,ll. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2528.

Stroma orbicular or elongated, 2-3 mm. long and 1-2 mm. wide,
often more or less confluent, pulvinate-verrucose, with the margin
abrupt. or slanting off at the ends, with a faint circumscribing black
line, which does not penetrate deeply into the wood, dull black outside,
dirty white within. Perithecia crowded in the stroma, subglobose,
about | mm. diam., with thick, black, coriaceous walls. Ostiola conic-

575

hemispherical, deeply 4-5-sulcate-cleft. Asci (p. sp.) 40-45 x 7-8 //,
with stout paraphyses and allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved, 8-
12 x 2| ju sporidia. Specific name from Hochelaga, an Indian name
for the St. Lawrence River.

On decorticated elm wood, London, Canada (Bearness).

D. tremellophora, Ell. in Am. Nat. March, 1882, p. 239.

Diatrype disciformis ; B. & C.

Diatrype disciformis, var. Magnolia, Thum. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 95.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 360.— Thum. M. U. 359.— EH. N. A. F. 775.

Stroma as in D. disciformis, only mostly smaller and closely
embraced by the laciniae of the ruptured epidermis, at first concave
and covered by a thin, circular, tremelloid, reddish orange-colored
membrane which soon turns black and falls off, revealing the disk of
the stroma beneath it minutely white-punctate from the incipient
ostiola. The stroma finally becomes more erumpent, flattish-convex.
brown, and subrimose, and the punctiform ostiola darker but not
prominent. Asci and sporidia as in D. disciformis.

On dead trunks of Magnolia glauca, New Jersey and Carolina.

D. minima, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 91.

Stroma cortical, formed of the scarcely altered substance of the
bark, elliptical, 1-2 mm. diam., limited by a black, circumscribing line
which penetrates the wood beneath. Perithecia 8-12 in a stroma,
lying in a single layer, globose, 150-200 // diam., membranaceous,
with black, rather thick walls and short, obtuse ostiola, their apices
papilliform, black and shining at first, then distinctly perforated with
a rather broad opening. Asci cylindrical, 70-80 x 2J— 3 p. Par-
aphyses obscure (or none?). Sporidia uniseriate, lying end to end.
oblong-elliptical, 2-nucleate, yellowish, nearly hyaline, 5-7 x 2 ft. The
black, scarcely projecting ostiola which dot the small, tuberculiform
stroma, are visible through short, longitudinal cracks or chinks in the
slightly elevated epidermis.

On dead shoots and limbs of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.
Probably not uncommon, but easily overlooked.

D. sphserospora, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 42.

Stroma formed of the scarcely altered substance of the bark,
erumpent, but not very prominent, surrounded by the ruptured epi-
dermis, small (£-1 mm.). Perithecia in a single layer, 3-12, black,
membranaceous, minute (166-200//), their smooth, black, obtusely

conic ostiola dotting the surface of the stroma. Asci cylindrical, spore-
bearing part 30-35 x 3 /i, with a slender, thread-like base about 20 //
long. Paraphyses not observed. Sporidia uniseriate, yellowish-
hyaline, 8 in an ascus, globose, 3 // diam. Outwardly, this is scarcely
distinguishable from D. minima, but the marked difference in the
sporidia seems to entitle it to specific rank. The stroma in some of
the specimens is limited by a black line, as in D. minima, but in
others not.

On dead shoots of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

This and the preceding species vary from the usual type of Dia-
trype, in the shape of their sporidia.

Species imperfectly known or to be rejected.

D. manipularis, B. & C. in Herb. Curtis.

This is mentioned in Grev. XIV, p. 16. No description given —
as far as we know.

D. plagia, B. & €. Grev. IV, p. 96.

"Bursting through the bark transversely. Ostiola substellate.
Stroma brown, scanty. Asci clavate. Sporidia 8 in each ascus, sau-
sage-shaped."

On Liriodendron, South Carolina.

D. pilulifera, (Fr.)

Sphceria pilulifera, in Herb. Schw., Syn. N. Am. 1234.

Sec. Grev. XIII, p. 37, this can hardly be the S. pilulifera,
Fr.

D. corniculata, (Ehr.)

This is quoted by Schw. & Berk, as found in this country, but the
species is not well known. The specc. in Rav. Car. IV, No. 43, are
Eutypella heteracantha, Sacc.

I), eollariata, C. & E. Grev. IV, p. 102.

Our. specc. of this are only Valsa caryigena, B. & C, with the
ostiola abnormally elongated.

D. bispora, B. & C. Rav. Car. IV, 45,

This is not an ascigerous fungus, but a species of Didymosporium.

577
ANTHOSTOMA, Nitschke.

Pyr. Germ. p. no.

Stroma more or less effused (diatrypoid), or pulvinate, conical or
hemispherical (valsoid), often only partially developed. Perithecia
sunk in the stroma or in the matrix, mostly with elongated necks
which, in the pulvinate stroma, generally converge and are erumpeot
together as in Valsa. Asci cylindrical or clavate, with paraphyscr-
more or less distinct. Sporidia oblong- or elliptical continuous, brown.
* Stroma effused Eii anthostoma).

A. melanotes, (B. & Br.)

Sphceria ?nelanotes, B. & Br. Brit. Fungi. No. 634. tab. 9, fig. 6.
Anthostoma melanotes, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 326.

Stroma effused, entirely immersed in the wood, which is blackened
on the surface forming elongated spots often confluent; finally blacken-
ing the wood more deeply, and with a black, circumscribing line. Peri-
thecia small, depressed-globose, entirely buried in the wood, monos-
tichous, loosely scattered. Ostiola exserted, minute, entire, conical or
hemispherical, shining, at length perforated. Asci cylindrical, short-
stipitate, 8-spored, paraphysate, 70x7 ;i. Sporidia obliquely uniseriafe.
obtusely-fusiform, straight or rarely subinequilateral, becoming dark
brown, 12-14x5-6/^.

On decorticated oak limbs, Newfield, N J.

A. grandinea, (B. & Rav.)

Diatrype grandinea, E. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 95.
Anthostoma grandinea, Sacc. Syll. n 14.
Camarops grandinea, Cke. Syn. 1469.
Exsicc. Fll. N. A. F. 494.— Rav. Car. IV, 90.

Stroma effused, thin, crustaceous, overspreading the surface of the
inner bark, and throwing off the epidermis for 6 inches or more in ex-
tent, brownish at first with a rufous tint, finally darker, less than | mm.
thick and easily overlooked, being of about the same color as the bark,
surface minutely papillose-roughened by the slightly prominent, sub-
hemispherical or obtusely-conical ostiola. Perithecia covered above
by the stroma, small, less than \ mm. diam., depressed-globose, thin-
walled, white inside, narrowed directly into the ostiola, which arc
sometimes faintly radiate salcate. Asci clavate, 50-60 x 10 //(p. sp.
40 x 10 /jl), short-stipitate, with imperfectly developed paraph)
Sporidia subbiseriate above, short-elliptical or sobglobose, 7-10 x
5_8 tu, becoming nearly black, 1-2-nucleate, but not septate.

On bark of dead Quercus coccinea, Carolina and New Jersey
73

578

A. picaceum, (C. & E.)

Sphtzria picacea, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 9.
Anthostoma picacea, C. & E. Cke. Syn. 4207
A nthostomella? picacea, Sacc. Syll. 1093.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 183.

Perithecia subgregarious, globose, deeply buried in the wood,
which is blackened in patches on the surface and pierced by the
minute, erumpent ostiola. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 50-55 x 5-6 //, par-
aphysate. Sporidia uniseriate or partly biseriate, oblong-cylindrical,
brown, with a single nucleus, obtuse, 8-10x3-3! fx (10x4 /i, Cke.).

On decorticated limbs of Vaceinium and Acer, Newfield, N. J.

A. gigasporum, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 18.

Scattered, subimmersed, covered by a raised, globose tubercle
formed from the substance of the matrix. Perithecia globose, large
(1J-2 mm.), black-punctate, with an obtuse ostiolum. Asci ample,
saccate, 8-spored. Sporidia elongated-elliptical, slightly narrowed at
the ends, continuous, dark brown, 65-80 x 25-30 ti.

On decorticated twigs, California (Harkness).

In habit resembling Sj)hmria cubicularis, Fr., but with much
larger sporidia, and, as in that species, the perithecia fall out, leaving
cavities not unlike a large Stictis.

A. pulviniceps, Pk. (in Uteris).

Perithecia 8-12 in a pustule, sunk to the wood, covered by the
bark. Ostiola erumpent, crowded, prominent, black, forming a cushion-
shaped mass. Asci clavate. Sporidia crowded, subelliptical or broadly
fusiform, multinucleate, slightly colored, 10-15 ti long.

On dead stems of Sambucus Canadensis, New York (Peck).

A. flavoviride, Ell. & Holw. Geol. Survey of Minn. Bull. No. 3r
1886, p. 32.

Stroma effused, thin, 1-3 x |-1 inches, more or less, covered at
first with a thin coat of greenish-yellow, short, matted hyphse, bearing
small (1-1J /*), subglobose, subhyaline conidia, but finally bare and
black. Perithecia membranaceous, black, globose, (J mm.), sunk in
the scarcely altered substance of the wood, contracted above into short,
narrow necks with their black, papilliform ostiola erumpent. Asci
(p. sp.) 75x6-7 /i, or with the slender base 120 tt long. Sporidia
uniseriate, narrow-elliptical, continuous, nearly hyaline at first, becom-
ing dark, 10-12 x4-4J /i. The stroma is limited by a dark, circum-
scribing line penetrating the wood.

On decaying poplar wood, Vermilion Lake, Minn. (Holway).

579
A. sustentum, (Plowr.)

Sphczria sustentum, Plowr. Grev. VII, p. 73.
Anthostoma sustentum, Sacc. Syll. 1120.

Peritliecia immersed, with their ostiola erumpent between the
bleached fibers of the wood. Asci cylindrical, 150 x 10-15 fi. Spo-
ridia ovoid, dark brown, becoming black, 20-25 x 10-11 //.

On bleached limbs of Arctostaphylus, California.

A. polynesia, (B. & C.)

Sphczria Polynesia, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 146.
Anthostoma Polynesia, Sacc. Syll. n 10.

" Forming little oblong, black spots which are studded *with the
ostiola. Asci very slender. Sporidia oblong, brown, 7 fi long."
On wood, Mountains of Virginia.

** Stroma valsoid or tuberculiform.
A. gastrinum, (Fr.)

Sphczria gastrina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 379.
Sphczria irregularis, Sow. Fng. Fungi, tab. 374, fig. 9,
Hypoxylon gastrinum, Fr. Summa, 383.
Melogramma gastrinum, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 89.
Quaternaria Nitschkei, Fckl. Symb. p. 230.
Anthostoma gastrinum, Sacc. Syll. 1129.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2005.— Rab. F. F. 627.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1441.— Desm. PI. Cr. Fd. I,
1254, Ed. II, 754.

Stroma variable; when seated on the bare wood, superficial or
very nearly so, depressed-globose or pulvinate, black, smooth and
shining outside, 2-4 mm. broad; when immersed in the bark, and cov-
ered by the raised and blackened epidermis, hemispherical or convex,
disk erumpent; in either case whitish inside, but enclosed in a distinct,
black stratum, which shows as a black, circumscribing line in a hori-
zontal section. Perithecia 8-40 crowded in the bottom of the stroma,
\-\ mm. diain., ovate, with thick, black, coriaceous walls, and stout,
cylindrical, elongated necks, which, in the superficial stromata, on wood,
rise straight through the stroma, with their obscure, papilliform ostiola
erumpent over the whole of the upper surface, but when the stroma is
buried in the bark, converging and erumpent in the exposed disk.
Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 90-120 x 5/e (p. sp. about 80 fi), par-
aphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong or oblong-elliptical,
ends rounded and obtuse, straight, dark brown, becoming opake or
nearly black, 10-14x4-41 ^ (10-14x5-6 fi, Winter).

On bark of dead Ulmus, Canada (Dearness), on oak, Carolina and
Georgia (Ravenel).

580

The Canada specc. agree perfectly with the foregoing description
(which is mostly from Winter's Pilze) and with the specc. in Sacc. M.
Veneta and Desm. PI. Cr. 1254, as well as with German specc. in our
Herb., only they have the perithecia rather smaller (not over £ mm.).
This is the size given them in the Syll., and in Winter's Pilze, but the
specc. in the Exsiccati quoted have the perithecia |-1 mm. diam.

A. tiirgidum, (Pers.)

Sphceria turgida, Pers. Obs. Mycol. I, p. 17.
Sph&ria faginea b. turgida, Pers. Syn. p. 44.
Valsa turgida, Fr. Summa, p. 412.
Anthostoma turgidum, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 121.
PJxsicc. Fckl. P. Rh. 591.— Rab. F. E. 735, 1144.— Krieger, F. Sax. 494,— Sacc. M, V, 1442.
Roura. F. G. 1947.

Stromata mostly numerous and standing close together, covered
by the epidermis and forming hemispherical pustules with their bases
sunk in the scarcely altered substance of the inner bark, crowned with
a small, erumpent disk, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Peri-
thecia 6-8 in a stroma, tolerably large, globose, crowded in a circular
group, nearly erect, black, the obtuse, conical ostiola united in a small,
concave, brownish-black disk but slightly prominent. Asci cylindrical,
sessile, 8-spored, 100-120 x 7-8 /i, paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriate,
broad elliptical, rounded at the ends, straight, black, 8-12x7-8 [x.

On dead beech limbs, New York State (Peck).

We have seen no American specc. and take the foregoing descrip-
tion from Winter's Pilze.

A. achistuiii, (C. & P.)

Diatrype adusta, C. & P. 29th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 58.
Anthostoma adustum, Sacc. Syll. 1142.

" Pustules small, slightly elevated, subcorneal, blackish, covered
by the epidermis which is pierced by the very small disk. Stroma
white. Ostiola few, small, black. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uni-
seriate, simple, elliptical, colored, 18-22 jul long."

On dead branches, New Baltimore, N. Y. (Howe).

A. amygdalinum, (Cke.) #

Melanconis amygdalina, Cke. Grev. IV, p. 55, tab. 81, fig. 4,
Anthostoma amygdalinum, Sacc. Syll. 1147.

Loosely circumscribed. Stroma pale. Perithecia circinate, glo-
bose. Ostiola convergent, slightly prominent, united in a brown disk.
Asci cylindrical. Sporidia almond-shaped, brown, with a large, glo-
bose nucleus, 23-25 x 12 p, with a slender, hyaline appendage at each
end 20-30 // long.

On Liquidambar, South Carolina (Ravenel).

581

A. dry ophi lum, (Curr.)

Diatrype dryophila, Curr. I,inn. Trans. XXII, p. 279, fig. 75.
Anthostoma dryophilum, Sacc. Syll. 1149.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 87.

Stromata scattered, sunk to the v^ood, circumscribed, black inside
and out, orbicular or elliptical at the base, subcorneal, 3-4 mm. diam.,
or by confluence more, apex erumpent and at first tuberculiform, finally
truncate and concave, areolate from the large, obtusely flattened
ostiola. Asci (p. sp.) cylindrical, about 60 x 4 /*, paraphysate, 8-spored.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, becoming opake, continuous, 8-12x3-
3|/i, (10-15 x 3-4 fi, Curr.).

On dead white oak limbs, Newfield, N. J., Texas (Ravenel), and
Iowa (Holway).

Var. minor, Cke. (Grev. V, p. 32), on black and scarlet oak, New-
field, N. J., has the stroma more effused and less prominent, covered.
except the small, tuberculiform disk, by the blackened epidermis.

A. phseospermum, (Ell.)

Diatrype phceosperma, Ell. in Am. Nat. Feb. 1883, p. 195. .
Anthostoma phceosper mum, Sacc. Syll. 5936.

Stroma small (1 mm.), tuberculiform, closely embraced by the sub-
laciniate-cleft epidermis. Perithecia 6-8 in a stroma, \ mm. diam..
with thick, coriaceous walls, lying in a single layer in the bottom of the
white substance of the stroma, which is circumscribed by a black line
which scarcely penetrates to the wood. Asci clavate-cylindrical, p. sp,
about 55 x 7 fi. Sporidia subbiseriate, cylindrical, curved, continuous,
brown, 10-12 x 3— 3J //, ends obtuse.

On dead limbs, Decorah, Iowa (Holway).

A. Ontariense, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890. p.
228. (Plate 34)

Stroma convex, J-| mm* diam., more or less subseriately con-
fluent often for several cm., formed of the unaltered substance of the
bark and surrounded by a black, circumscribing line which penetrates
the wood. Perithecia crowded in the stroma, subglobose, J-f mm.
diam., with thick, coriaceous walls, contracted above into a narrow
neck terminated by the subglobose, deeply quadrisulcate, erumpent
ostiolum .Asci slender, 8-spored, 90-1 10 /i long (p. sp. 75-80 x 8-10 /*),
with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia subbiseriate, cylindrical, mod-
erately curved, brown, 20-26 x 4-4J fi. Has much the same general
appearance as some compact forms of Valsa stellulata, Fr.

On dead limbs of Salix, London, Canada (Dearness).

582

A. cercidicolum, B. & C. 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 101.

Diatrype cercidicola, B. & C. in Herb. Cuftis.
Anthostoma cercidicolum, Sacc. Syll. 1136.

Stroma black, plane, suborbicular, 6-8 mm. diam., thin, seated on
the inner bark, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, dotted by the
minute, depressed or uinbilicate, at length perforated ostiola. Perithe-
cia crowded, elliptical or ovate. Sporidia unequally ovate, colored,
10 p. long.

On bark of unknown wood, Buffalo, N. Y. (Clinton).

The inner surface of the bark is stained black.

A. microsporum, Karst. Fungi Fenn. 860.

Phceosperma helvetica, Fckl. Symb. p. 224, tab. VI, fig. 40 (fide Karst.).
DialryPe microspores, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 74.
Anthostoma, Ellisii, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 308.

Stroma ventricose-hemispherical, swollen, black inside and out,
the upper part erumpent, rounded, subviscose when fresh, appearing
like a mass of black, exuding gum, 2-6 mm. broad, 2-3 mm. thick,
often confluent. Perithecia deeply* immersed in the stroma, oblong,
leathery, closely packed. Ostiola papillate, only slightly prominent,
broadly and irregularly perforated. Asci clavate-cylindrical, stipitate,
p. sp. 25-30 x 5 //, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia obliquely unise-
riate, oblong, obtuse, 1-2-nucleate, olive-brown, 4-5 x If— 2 yt. Var.
exudans, Pk. 40th Rep. p. 67, has the perithecia collected in a thin,
crowded, angular, cortical stroma, closely covered by the pustulate-
elevated, irregularly ruptured epidermis. Ostiola obscure or concealed
beneath the defiled epidermis. Asci very slender, cylindrical, 40 x 4//.
Sporidia minute, oblong, straight, colored, 5 p. long, oozing out and
staining the surface of the matrix.

On dead alders, Maine (Blake), New York (Peck).

Sec. Karsten ostiola exserted, 1 mm. long, but specc. sent by him
have short, obtuse ostiola just like the American specc.

A. tuberculosum, (Schw.)

Sphceria tuberculosa, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 164.
Xylosphceria {Anthostoma) tuberculosa, Cke. Syn. 3936.

Perithecia ovate, immersed, glabrous. Ostiola superficial, very
large, oblong-ovate, tuberculose-roughened, scattered or aggregated,
large, black but without any black spot, only the sphaeriiform ostiola
half as large as the perithecia projecting.

On decaying birch wood, Carolina, and on Ttobirda viscosa, in
Pennsylvania (Schw.).

583

A. saprophilum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 43.

Stroma effused, blackening the surface of the wood but not dis-
coloring it inside, circumscribed, forming black, subelongated, subcon-
fluent, indefinite spots \-\ cm. or more in extent. Perithecia mem-
branaceous, globose (£-§ mm.), buried in the wood and irregularly
arranged in groups of 6-10 or more, with their hemispheric-conical
ostiola distinctly prominent and finally perforated. Sporidia elliptical,
pale brown, 1-2-nucleate, uniseriate, 5-6 x 2|-3 fx. Much resembles
A. melanotes, B. & Br., but readily distinguished by its much smaller
sporidia. *

On rotten maple wood, Newfield, N. J.

A. amplisporum, (Cke.)

Fuckelia amplispora, Cke, Grev. XII, p. 51.

Stroma pustulate, at first covered by the epidermis, which is
finally stellate-fissured, subprominent, 1-2 mm. diam. Perithecia few.
monostichous, 4-6 in a stroma, rather large, globose, thin-walled.
Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, obtuse,
brown, 16x10 /i.

On bark, probably of Quercus, United States.

DIATRYPELLA, De Not.

Schema Sferiac. Ital. p. 28.

Stroma and perithecia as in Diatrype. Asci polysporous.
D. quercina, (Pers.)

Sphceria quercina, Pers. Syn. p. 24.
Diatrype quercina, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 385.
Diatrypella Rousselii, De Not. Sfer. Ital. taf. 32.
Diatrypella quercina, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 71.
Exsicc. Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 242; II, 219.— Desm. Plantes Crypt. Ed. I, 2052.— Sacc. M.
Ven. 1188.— Iyin. Fung. Hung. 178.— Sydow, M. March. 544.

Stromata erumpent, surrounded by the substellate-cleft, adherent
epidermis, pulvinate, orbicular or angular, rugulose, thick, disk plano-
convex, becoming black, mostly solitary, but sometimes 2-3 confluent,
2-4 mm. diam. Perithecia 2-15 in a stroma, in a single or double
layer, ovoid, or subangular from compression, \-\ mm. diam., attenu-
ated into rather long necks rising through the grayish-white stroma
with their conic-hemispherical, quadrisulcate ostiola distinctly erum-
pent. Asci clavate-fusoid, long-stipitate, p. sp. 80-100 x 9-10 //. Spo-
ridia numerous, allantoid, yellowish, strongly curved, 8-12 x 2-3 p..

On oak limbs, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.), Alabama
(Berk.), on Crataegus, New York (Peck).

584

Specc. on dead oak limbs from Canada (Dearness, 1665), and on
oak limbs from Louisiana (Langlofe, 1699), have tlie stroma smaller
(1J-2 mm.) and, except the small, black disk, closely invested by the
adherent epidermis; the perithecia also are smaller (not over \ mm.),

The asci and sporidia are almost the same

and scarcely compressed,
as in the European specc.

D. verruciformis, (Ehr.)

Sphcsria verruciformis, Ehr. in Plant. Crypt. Exsicc. 280.

Sphcsria avellana, Pers. Dispos. Meth. p. 2.

Diatrype verruciformis, Fr. Summa, p. 385.

Diatrypella verruciformis, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 76.

Diatrypella informis, E. & E. in Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2530.

Diatrypella Tocci&ana, var. subeffusa, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 62

Diatrypella affinis, Cke. and D. subglobata, Cke. & Gerard, Grev. XIV, p. 14.
Exsicc. Thura. M. U. 65.— M. March. 169, 466, 755, 1720, 2150.— Krieger, F. Sax. 178, 179.
Rab. F. E. 135, 1022.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2530.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 483.
Ser. II, 220.— Roum. F. Gall. 1473.

Stromata erumpent through the variously fissured and closely
adherent epidermis, subrotund or irregular in shape, wart-like or flat-
tened-pulvinate, 1-6 mm. diam., dirty drab or dark rust-color at first,
finally black, white inside, thick, sometimes confluent 2 or 3 together,
or forming an uneven crust of considerable extent. Perithecia 25-50
in a stroma, crowded, ovate or globose, |-J mm. diam. or f-1 mm.
high by \-\ mm. broad, with more or less elongated necks. Ostiola
obtusely conical, entire or substellate-cleft, slightly projecting. Asci
narrow-clavate, long-stipitate, paraphysate, 120-200 x 8-12 /i. Spo-
ridia irregularly crowded, allantoid, slightly curved, yellowish, 5-8 x

On dead limbs of Quercus, Carpinus, and various deciduous
trees, common.

The stroma is broader and mostly flatter and whiter inside than
in D. qiiercma, and the sporidia are smaller.

Var. Spegazziniana, Sacc. (D. tuberculata, Ell. & Calkins in
Serb.), on Sabal serrulata, Florida, has the small (1 mm.), tuberculi-
form stromata subseriate. Asci (p. sp.) 75-80x10-12 /i. Sporidia
5-7x11 p.

The species (sec. Dr. Winter) is specially "characterized by the
shape of the asci, which are broadest just below the apex.

E. Tocciseana, De Not, Sfer. Ital. p. 30, tab. 31.

Microstoma verruccsforme, Awd. in Rab. F. E. 253.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2059.— Rab. F. E. 253, 2059.— Rehm Asc. 275.— Thura. M. U. 65.

Stromata scattered or gregarious, small, pustuliform or hemispher-
ical,Wten angular, with a broad base (1J-2 mm.), with a black, orbic-
ular or elliptical disk, which pierces the epidermis, through which the

585

black circumscribing line is sometimes visible. Perithecia 3-8 in a
stroma, tolerably large, globose, with short, thick necks, submonos-
tichous, lying close together. Ostiola either slightly prominent, globose-
conical, faintly sulcate or depressed, funnel-shaped and perforated.
Asci narrow-oblong-clavate, obtuse at the apex, long-stipitate, polys-
porous, p. sp. 100-120x10-12//, with long, filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia conglomerated, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, brown-
ish, 5-7 x 1 //.

On dead hazel and alder branches, Sandlake, N. Y. (fide Peck).

Characterized by the stroma abruptly enlarged at base.

D. nigro-aimulata, (Grev.)

Sphceria nigro-annulata, Grev. Flor. Ed. p. 385.
Sphceria angulata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 390.
Valsa angulata, Fr. Surama, p. 411.
Diatrype angulata, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 28.
Diatrypella angulata, Nits. Pyr. Germ, p. 81.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E> 1022.— Krieg. F. Sax. 178.— Sydow, M. March. 2150.

Stroma l|-3 mm. broad, suborbicular at base, narrowed above to
conical or hemispherical, angular, erumpent, clothed, except the dark
gray or nearly black apex, by the lacinias of the ruptured epidermis.
Perithecia 3-8 in a stroma, submonostichous, ovate or globose, or
angular from mutual pressure, with more or less elongated, slender
necks and small, scarcely prominent, obtuse, entire or faintly 4-sulcatc
ostiola, which finally become umbilicate and perforated. Asci narrow-
clavate, long-stipitate, paraphysate, 100-180x10-12 /* Sporidia
crowded, allantoid, yellowish, slightly curved, 5-8 x \\ ft.

On dead limbs of Ilex I Mississippi (Earle), Texas (Ravenel).

D. Toceiceana and D. niyro-annulata, (Grev.). scarcely differ
from D. verruciformis except in having fewer perithecia in a stroma :
but as in this genus, this character is a variable one, not much impor-
tance can be attached to it. On the larger branches and trunks, the
stromata are larger, and the number of perithecia greater than in
stromata on the smaller branches and twigs, so that the number <»{
perithecia in a stroma can hardly be relied on to separate Bp<
otherwise closely allied. (Karst. My col. Fenn. II, p. 155),

D, favacea, (Fr.)

Sp/ueria favacea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 354.
Sphceria quercina, var. betulina, A. 6t S. Consp. p. n
Diatrype favacea, Fr. Summa, p. 385.
Diatrype verruciformis, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 100.
Diatrypella favacea, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 77.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1040.— Thuni. F. Austr. 502.— Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 2051, Ed. II,
175I.—BII. N. A. F. 686.

Stromata irregularly scattered, often 2 or more stair

74

each other, and confluent below, conical from an elliptical (seldom
orbicular) base, seated on the inner bark, 3-6 mm. long, 1-2 mm. high,
the elliptical disk erumpent, enclosed on each side by the transversely-
ruptured epidermis, whitish inside. Perithecia 6-30 in a stroma, in
one or two layers, ovate or angular from crowding, with necks more
or less elongated, and rather large, rounded, faintly 4-6-sulcate, black,
slightly prominent ostiola. Asci oblong-clavate, long-stipitate, p. sp.
70-100 x 9-12 n, paraphysate, polysporous. Sporidia irregularly
crowded, allantoid, yellowish, 6-8 x 1 J p..

On dead birch limbs, Bethlehem, Pa. (Ell. & Hark.).

D. betiilina, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 101, PI. I, figs. 27-31.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2347.

Stroma transversely erumpent, prominent, elliptical, black outside,
green within, 1J-2| mm. cliam., loosely surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, penetrating to the wood, on which it forms a white spot
surrounded by a black line, nearly plane above and dotted by the
numerous, slightly prominent, stellate ostiola. Perithecia crowded in
a single layer, elliptical, black. Asci polysporous, stipitate, clavate-
fusoid, 100-110 (p. sp. 50-60) x 6-7 //, paraphysate. Sporidia crowd-
ed, allantoid, yellowish, slightly curved, 4J-5§x 1 p..

On bark of dead birches, northern U. S. and Canada.

D. decorata, Nitschke, Pyr. Germ. p. 79.

Microstoma vulgare, Awd. in Fckl. F. Rh. 1035.

Stromata small, tuberculifbrm-hemispherical, 2-2 J mm. broad at
base, embraced laterally by the lobes of the ruptured epidermis, the
brownish-black apex slightly arched. Perithecia 6-12 in a stroma-,
monostichous, crowded, globose or ovate, abruptly contracted above
into slender, short necks with their stellate-cleft, black ostiola barely
erumpent. Asci (p. sp.) 40-48 x 5 fi, with a long, slender stipe and
slender, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia crowded, cylindrical, slightly
curved or straight, brownish, 5-Q x 1 //.

On dead limbs of birch, London, Canada (Dearness).

D. Missouriensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata scattered, wart-like or tubercular-hemispherical, 1} mm.
diam., and about 1 mm. high, seated on the inner bark, with a dark
circumscribing line penetrating to the wood, erumpent and closely
surrounded, except the drab-gray disk (which becomes black), by the
lobes of the substellate-ruptured epidermis. Perithecia 8-12 in a

587

stroma, closely packed, monostichous, ovate or angular, about ^ mm.
diam., with short necks terminating in the depressed-hemispherical,
sometimes obscurely radiate cleft, and finally broadly and irregularly
perforated and collapsing ostiola. Asci about 80 x 8 //, narrow-clavatc,
polysporous, stipitate. Sporidia 40-50 in an ascus, yellow in the mass.
nearly hyaline when seen singly, not strongly curved, 5-6 x 1 /i.

On dead stems of Corylus, Missouri (Demetrio).

This has the general appearance of Diatrype albopruinosa.

D. citricola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata scattered, pustuliform, small (1-2 mm.), apex erumpent,
black, lower part buried in the bark, faintly circumscribed, white in-
side. Perithecia monostichous, 5-15 in a stroma, \ mm. diam., with
black, coriaceous walls, sunk to the bottom of the stroma, necks short.
Ostiola only slightly prominent, convex, broadly and irregularly de-
hiscent. Asci clavate, 110-120 x 10-12 /i. Sporidia numerous, inor-
dinate, yellowish in the mass, nearly hyaline when free, slightly curved,
obtuse, 6-7 x 1 J-2 //.

On dead twigs of orange trees, Florida (Underwood).
, D. discoidea, Cke. & Pk. 28th Rep. p. 71.

Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 864.— EH. N. A. F. 492.— Rav. F. Am. 188.

Stroma orbicular or elliptical, transversely erumpent, surrounded
by the epidermis, disk naked, plane, grayish-black. Ostiola small,
scarcely exserted, nearly smooth or 4-6-sulcate. Perithecia monos-
tichous, ovate, 6-12, or in the larger stromata 20-40, small. Asci
polysporous, paraphysate. Sporidia allantoid, nearly straight, 5-6
x f-1 jut. When the outer bark is torn off the stroma and perithecia
come with it. There are two forms, one with the stroma narrow, and
transversely erumpent, the other with the stroma orbicular. Yar.
Alni, Cke., has the stroma orbicular and superficial or nearly so.

On bark of dead birch trees, Northern U. S. and Canada: the
var. on alder, in South Carolina and California.

D. opaca, Cke. Texas Fungi, No. 113.

Stromata scattered, tuberculiform, about 1 g— 2 mm. diam., eruaa-
pcnt-superficial, rufous-brown, becoming black, very white inside,
sometimes subconfluent Perithecia 3-8 in a stroma, al>out £ mm.
diam. Asci clavate, p. sp. 75-90 x 12-15 //, polysporous. parapbj
Sporidia allantoid, crowded, moderately curved, yellowish-hyaline,
6-8 x 1 J ix.

On dead limbs of Ilex opaca, Texas (Ravenel), Florida (Calkins).

588

D. Sassafras, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata cortical, gregarious and subconfluent, small (1-2 nun.),
pustuliform, covered by the blackened epidermis, surrounded by a
faint circumscribing line which does not penetrate the wood. Peri-
thecia 6-15 in a stroma, ovate-globose, |-| mm. diam., contents soft
and gelatinous when young, crowded, with very little stromatic
material between and over them, necks short and thick. Ostiola
coarse, depressed-hemispherical, black, obscurely stellate-cleft, and
irregularly dehiscent. Asci clavate-oblong, stipitate, 100-110 (p. sp.
75-80) x 10 fi) paraphyses? Sporidia numerous, allantoid, yellow in
the mass, not strongly curved, 6-7 x l|-2 fi.

On dead limbs of Sassafras, Newfield, N. J.

The outside appearance is almost exactly that of Valsaria nigro-
facta, C. & E.

D. herbacea, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. Ill, p. 142.

Stroma tuberculiform, 1-2 mm. diam., white inside, tinged with
yellow above, but black externally. Peri thecia ovate-globose, about
J mm. diam., rather abruptly contracted above into a short, narrow
neck, expanded at the surface of the stroma into a broad, obtuse,
quadrisulcate ostiolum. Asci, including the slender base, 100-120 x
10-12 /x: paraphyses soon disappearing. Sporidia crowded in the
upper half of the asci, numerous, pale yellowish, cylindrical, curved,
7-8 x 1-1 J (i. On the same stems was a Calosphceria with
scattered or suhseriate, beaked perithecia having fasciculate asci about
20 x 3J-4 /u, truncate above, and sporidia 3|-4| x | ju.

On dead herbaceous stems (Ambrosia trifdaf), Louisiana (Lang-
lois).

D. ramularis, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. 1. c.

Stroma tuberculiform, 1-2 mm. diam., bursting out through longi-
tudinal cracks in the bark, penetrating to the wood, wmich is marked
with a black, circumscribing line, subtruncate above, dirty-white with-
in. Perithecia 4-12 in each stroma, globose, with short necks, walls
thick and coriaceous. Ostiola only slightly prominent, flat, 4-5-stellate-
cleft, finally broadly perforated. Asci broad, clavate, 90-110x12-
15 jut. Sporidia many, allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved, 6-10 x

y*

On dead branches of Lonieera Japonica, Pointe a la Hache,
La. (Langlois).

589

D. Populi, Ell. & Hoi. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 4.

Perithecia cartilaginous, ovate or subangular from mutual com-
pression (J-| mm.), closely packed in an orbicular, lens-shaped stroma
2-3 mm. diam., dark brown outside, dirty-white within, and seated on
the surface of the inner bark. Ostiola short, stout, tips obscurely
4-cleft and united in an obscure black disk or piercing the epidermis
separately. Asci long-clavate, 100-115 x 15 p. Sporidia cylindrical,
yellowish, curved, 10-12 x l§-2 //. The surface of the wood is black-
ened except directly under the stroma, where it retains its light color.

On dead limbs of Populus, Iowa (Hoi way).

D. decipiens, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 80.

Stroma erumpent, black (lighter colored at first), orbicular or ob-
long, 2-6 mm. across, pulvinate, convex or, in .the larger specimens,
almost plane, whitish inside, with a black, circumscribing line around
the base. Ostiola slightly prominent, quadrisulcate, situated in slight
depressions. Perithecia monostichous, oblong-ovate, about | mm. long,
contracted abruptly into a short neck above. Asci (p. sp.) 50-70 x
6-7 //, polVsporous. Sporidia yellowish, allantoid, moderately curved,
3J— 4j ( or exceptionally 5 p. long) and less than 1 fi thick. This can
not be distinguished by its external characters from Diatrype bullata.
(Hoff.), but internally it is very different.

On bark of Umbellularia Calif omica, Oregon (Carpenter)

1). hysterioides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 99.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht, N. A F. 2d Ser. 1790.

Stroma erumpent, tuberculiform, prismatic, often deeply quadri-
sulcate and subcornute, |-1 mm. diam., yellow inside (about the same
shade of yellow as in Hypoxylon sassafras, Schw.), often elongated,
hysteriiform (1 J— 2 mm. long), with a longitudinal furrow above like a
Hysterium. Perithecia 2-6 in a stroma, J-J mm. diam., with thick,
black, coriaceous walls, narrowed above into a short neck, the apex of
which is visible on the surface of the stroma as a small, papilliform or
sometimes conical ostiolum. ■ Asci ckvate-cylindrical, with a slender
base, 100-115x10-12// (p. sp. 75-80//), filled with a multitude of
allantoid, yellowish, 2-nucleate, 6-7 xl| // sporidia. The Bpeci<
well characterized by its peculiar stroma. The color of the young
stroma is much deeper, orange-red, but the color finally disappears.

On a decorticated poplar limb, in a willow jungle, Louisiana
(Langlois).

590

D. Vitis, E. & E. Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 225.

Stroma tuberculiform-hemispherical, about 1 mm. diam., erumpent-
superficial, black inside. Perithecia 1-4 in a stroma, globose, J mm.
diam., black and shining within, contracted above into a short neck.
Ostiola scarcely prominent, quadrisulcate. Asci polysporous, 75-80 x
10-12 fi, clavate-cylindrical, rather abruptly contracted below into a
stipitate base, and surrounded by obscure paraphyses. Sporidia allan-
toid, yellowish-hyaline, 6-7 x 1 \ ju, not strongly curved. The surface
of the wood beneath the stroma, as well as the inner surface of the
bark, is marked with a black circumscribing line.

On dead vines of Vitis bipinnata, Bayou Chene, La. (Langlois).

D. Demetrionis, E. & E. 1. c.

Stroma pulvinate, depressed-hemispherical, orbicular, slate-black,
1J-2 mm. diam., penetrating to the wood, which is marked with a
black circumscribing line, closely embraced by the superficial layer of
the bark, which forms a narrow, adnate margin; inner substance whit-
ish. Ostiola only slightly prominent, distinctly but not deeply radiate-
clelt. Perithecia of medium size, globose or angular from mutual
pressure. Asci slender-clavate, 75-80 /i long (p. sp. 35 x 6 ja). Spo-
ridia crowded, pale yellowish in the mass, nearly hyaline when separ-
ated, minute, allantoid, slightly curved, about 4-5 x 1-1 | [± This
comes near I). exigua, Winter, which is also on willow limbs, but that
species is said to have the stroma very small (" minutissimis") and the
sporidia 8xlJ //. In the Colorado specimens we found no sporidia
over 5 fi long, and mostly only about 4 /i. The general appearance
is almost exactly that of Diatrype discifbrmis.

On dead limbs of Salix chlorophylla, Wet Mountain Valley, Col-
orado (Deiuetrio).

D. aspera, (Fr.)

Sphceria aspera, Fr. S. M. II, p. 354.
Diatrype aspera, Fr. Summa, p. 385.
Diairypella aspera, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 74.

Stroma ta scattered or subconfluent, rising from a suborbicular
base, cylindrical or prisma tical, strongly erumpent, sides abrupt and
closely surrounded by the adherent lobes of the ruptured epidermis,
whitish inside, apex bare, black, plane or convex, and roughened by
the thick, rough, conical or cylindrical ostiola. Perithecia 4-12 in a
stroma, monostichous, often circinating around a central one, rather
large, subglobose, or subcompressedr suddenly attenuated into a very

591

short neck. Asci subcylindrical, with a long stipe and filiform par-
aphyses, polysporous, p. sp. 112-120 x 10-12 /i. Sporidia conglobate,

allantoid, yellowish, 6-7 x 1£ fi.

On Cornus, New York State (Peck).

D. Rhois, (Schw.)

Sphcsria Rhois, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 62.

Stroma wart-like, obovate, rugose, black (cinereous within), 1J-3
mm. diam., subconfluent or densely gregarious, more or less cover. -.1
by the fibers of the wood. Perithelia few in a stroma. Ostiola
conical, subprominent. Sporidia numerous, hyaline, slightly curve. I,

5 x 1 JUL.

On dead stems of Rhus radicans, Carolina and Pennsylvania

(Schw.), and on Rhus diversiloba, California (Harkness).
In the specc. in Herb. Schw. no asci could be found.

D. ribesia, (Schw.)

Sphceria ribesia, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1257.

Effused, consisting of many small, aggregated, confluent pulvinuli;
very rough above from the abundant, prominent ostiola, which
thick, short, irregular, with an elongated, hysteriiform opening. Peri-
thecia rather large, mostly obovate, in a scanty, whitish stroma.
Attached to the wood, and erumpent through the epidermis in Btripe
reaching as much as 24 mm. long, by 6 mm. wide.

On dead stems of Ribes rubrum, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Specc in Herb. Schw. have asci (p. sp.) 40-50 x 10 a. Sporidia
allantoid, hyaline, slender, 5-7 x 1-1 J fi. This is different from VaJLsa
ribesia Karst (see p. 466).

D. Cephalanthi, (Schw.)

Sphceria Cephalanthi, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 59.
Diatrypella Cephalanthi, Sacc. Syll. 769.
Exsicc. EH. N, A. F. 777.

Stromata scattered, 2-3 mm. diam., scarcely penetrating to the
wood, at first small and subtubercular-erumpent, black, apex generally
traversed by a single, longitudinal, dee}> furrow, giving the appearance
of a Hysterium, but this furrow is soon obliterated as the apex of the
stroma protrudes itself still farther, assuming an orbicular or elliptical
form, 1-3 mm. diam. and roughened by the protruding, Mark, rough,
subcorneal ostiola which are often 3-4-stelIate-cleft Perith
in a stroma, closely packed, ovate or Bubangnlar, about \ mm. diam..
lying in and covered by the scanty, whitish Bubstance of the stroma:

592

walls thick, black, coriaceous, necks short. Asci fusoid, 110-115
(p. sp. 75-80) x8-10 /*, polysporous, stipitate, paraphysate. Sporidia
allantoid, yellowish-hyaline, not strongly curved, 6-9 x 1J /*.
On dead stems of Gephalanthus occidentalism common.

D. spissa, (Schw.)

Sphceria spissa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1253.

Crowded in longitudinal cracks in the wood, forming narrow
- strips often half an inch long, acuminate at each end. and becoming
black, considerably elevated in the middle, surface very rough from
the prominent perithecia. Stroma scarcely any. Perithecia (J-| mm.
diam.), immersed in the wood itself. Ostiola prominent, subcorneal.
Asci (p. sp.) 45-55 x 10-12 fi. Sporidia hyaline, slightly curved,
5xl|//.

On dry oak wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.). (Measurements from
spec, in Herb. Schw.).

D. variolosa, (Schw.)

Sphceria variolosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1272.

Stromata pulvinate, erumpent, about 2 mm. diam., flattish, sub-
confluent, closely embraced by and partly covered with fragments of
the ruptured epidermis, black, rugose. Ostiola numerous, short, quadri-
plicate. Perithecia obovate or pyriform, rather large, polystichous,
immersed in the white substance of the stroma. Asci clavate-cylin-
drical, 75-80x12-15 //, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia yel-
lowish-hyaline, allantoid only slightly curved, with a nucleus in each
end, 5-6 x 1 \ //.

On young branches of Populus Italica, Bethlehem, Pa.

D. prominens, (Howe).

Diatrype prominens, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 42.

Stroma wart-like, orbicular or angular, 1-1 \ mm. diam., erum-
pent and closely girt by the ruptured epidermis, subprominent, black
outside, whitish within. Perithecia 4-8 in a stroma, subglobose, about
J mm. diam. necks short, with their ostiola obtusely conical, slightly
prominent and finally broadly and irregularly perforated. Asci clav-
ate-stipitate, 75-80 (p. sp. 55-60) x 10-12 fi, paraphysate, polyspo-
rous. Sporidia allantoid, yellowish-hyaline, moderately curved, 6-8 x

On bark of dead Platanus, New York and California.
The diagnosis is from New York specc. from Peck. Diatrype
prominens, Cke. & Hark, is distinct from this, having 8-spored asci.

5^3
D. deiista, Ell. & Martin. Am. Nat. Oct. 1882. p. 809.

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1184.

Pustules oblong or elliptical, 1-3 mm. diam., covered by the
blackened and raised epidermis, scattered irregularly or often longi-
tudinally-subconfluent, forming blackened strips several centimeters
long and 1-2 mm. wide, uneven on the surface, and with the appear-
ance of elongated swellings or flat ridges roughened by the seriately-
erumpent, obtuse, imperfectly quadrisulcate, black ostiola. Perithecia
in clusters of 6-15, buried in the somewhat blackened substance of the
matrix but without any distinct, circumscribing line, flask-shaped,
brown, about J mm. diam. or rather less, necks short. Asci clavate,
75-85 (p. sp. 60-65) x5|-7 /*, polysporous, stipe comparatively short.
Sporidia allantoid, yellowish, moderately curved, 5|-7x 1J ju.

On petioles of Sabal serrvlata, Florida (Martin).

D. Liriodendri, (Schw.)

Sphczria Liriodendri, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 60.

Erumpent, prominent, subconfluent, 4-6 mm. diam., seated on the
bark (which is blackened to the wood) and at first surrounded by it:
surface pulverulent, roughened by the indistinct ostiola, which finally
become more prominent, at length black inside. Perithecia 3-5, sub-
globose, with short necks. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, curved, 6 x 1 J //.

On dead limbs of Liriodendron, Salem, N. C. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. has the stroma smaller than stated
above, only l|-2 mm.

D. Frostii, Pk. Bot. Gaz. Ill, p. 35.

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2529.

Stromata wart-like, 1-2 mm. diam., seated on the inner bark which
is blackened and marked around each stroma with a circumscribing
line penetrating to the wood, erumpent, surrounded and partly covered,
except the apex, by the ruptured epidermis, black outside, greenish
within, forming a white spot on the wood beneath. Perithecia ovate
globose, 10-15 in a stroma. J-J mm. diam. Asci polysporous. cylin-
dric-clavate, stipitate, paraphysate, p. sp. 75-80x12-15 /;. Sporidia
yellowish, allantoid, moderately curved, 7-8 x 2 /i. with a nucleus in
each end.

On dead maple limbs, Vermont (Frost), Connecticut (Thaxten.
California (Harkness), Iowa (Holway).

The ostiola vary from obtuse-conical to subelongated, conic-cylin-
drical, entire, often obscure.
75

.V.M

I), imgolkrifl, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 92.

Stromata wart-like, 2-3 mm. diam., closely covered by the epi
dermis, which is pierced by the apex of the stroma, often confluent,
forming a flat blister-like swelling lycm. broad, and entirely covered by
the epidermis, except where it is pierced by the small, black apices o
the separate stromata, cinereous inside, not penetrating to the wood,
ami not circumscribed; other stromata on a decorticated part of the
same limb, are seated on the wood ; these are oblong and subseriate-
confluent. Perithecia 8-12 in a single stroma, ovate, black, about J
linn, diam., necks short, with their obtusely conical, sometimes quadri-
sulcate, and finally irregularly dehiscent ostiola slightly prominent.
Asci oblong-clavate, stipitate, 100-115 x 10-12 p (p. sp. 40-50 p long),

polysporous.

On dead limbs of Pyrus communis, Newfield, N. J.

Our specimen is not well matured, and the sporidia refuse to
separate and leave the asci. Sec. Cooke they are 8 p long. This
seems more closely allied to D. verruciformis than to D. guercina,
and we are inclined to regard it as only a var. of that species.

D. subfiilva, (B. & C.)

I

Diatrype subfulva, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 97.
Diatrype olivacea, C. & E. Grev. VI, p. 9.
Diatrypella subfulva, Sacc. Syll. 764.

" Erumpent, convex, at first olivaceous, then black. Perithecia
large, few. Ostiola obtuse. Asci clavate, subsessile. Sporidia nu-
merous, yellow, linear, obtuse, slightly curved, 10-12 p long."

On dead limbs of Nyssa, Carolina and New Jersey.

Our specc. of D. olivacea, C. & E., are without fruit. The
species is now considered by Cooke as svnonymous with D. subfulva,
B. &C.

D. annularis, (Schw.)

Sphceria annularis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1270.
Diatrype annulans, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 38.

Stromata conic-tuberculiform, truncate above, 1-1 1 mm. diam.,
seriate-subconfluent in rings surrounding the limb or extending longi-
tudinally, wdiite inside, rarely solitary. Ostiola prominent on the
truncate apex of the stroma, quadrisulcate, stout and short. Perithecia
(4-6 in a stroma), contracted into short, black necks above. Asci
(p. sp.) 45-50 x 15-20 p, with a slender base. Sporidia yellow in the
mass, nearly hyaline when single, allantoicl, 6-7 x IJ-IJ p.

On decorticated branches of various kinds of soft wood, Carolina
and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Measurements from spec, in Herb. Schw.

595

1). enteroleuca, (Fr.)

Sphceria enteroleuca, Fr. S. M. II, p. 381, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1314.
Valsa enteroleuca, Cke. Syn. 1971.

"Conceptacle crustaceous, rough, nearly free, about as large as a.
pea. Perithecia minute, stibglobose, numerous, irregularly scattered
in the white substance of the stroma. Ostiola rounded, often short-
cylindrical, sometimes elongated and tentacular."

On decorticated branches. Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Specc. in Herb. Schw. have the stroma pustuliform-tubercular,
erumpent, 1-1 J mm. diam., closely embraced at first by the fibers of
the wood, then bare, black (white inside). Perithecia crowded, small,
about \ mm. diam. Ostiola only slightly prominent, rather flattened,
sulcate. Asci 50 x 12-15 p. (p. sp.). Sporidia allantoid, 5-6 xl //.

D> prorumpens, (Wallr.)

Sphceria prorumpens, Wallr. MS. Fr. S. M. II, p. 357, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1247.

Perithecia globose, irregularly aggregated, nestling in the bark,
with short necks, covered above with a thin, black stroma, erumpent
in elongated, irregular strips or series. The circumscribing line at the
base surrounds not a single disk with its subjacent perithecia, but
whole groups of perithecia.

On branches of Robinia, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.),
Asci and sporidia about as in D. Rhois, which this much re-
seinbles.

D. friabilis, (Fr.)

Sphceria friabilis, Fr. S. M. II, 361. Herb. Schw. and Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1260.
Diatrypefriabilis, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 38.

Stroma very prominent, orbicular or elliptical, 2-4 mm. broad,
•convex or depressed, subplicate, pale white within, indistinctly circum-
scribed around the base. Ostiola hidden. Asci (p. sp.) 45-50 x 10--
12 jut. Sporidia allantoid, not much curved, 5-7 x 1J p.

On Ilex priiwides and Viburnum prunifolhim, Carolina and
Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from spec, in Herb.
Schw.

D. melasperma, (Fr.)

Sphceria melasperma, Fr. S. M. II, p. 389.
Diatrypella melasperma, Sacc. Syll. 767.

In the young state the pustules are innate in the bark, and cir
•cumscribed by a dark line, stroma pale yellowish and without peri-
thecia. Disk erumpent. linear, black. When mature, pustules ellip-

596

tical, 4 mm. lung, depressed, adnate to the inner bark. Conceptacl
nearly free, thin, fragile, opake, black, attached to the epidermis so
that when this is torn away, the scutelliforni base remains. Stroma
pulveraceous, olivaceous, becoming dark brown. Perithecia larger
than in the allied species, few, aggregated, erect-convergent, ovate,
fragile. Disk erumpent. elliptical, minute, black. Ostiola obsoletely
prominent, scattered. Asci clavate, stipitate, polysporous. Sporidia
numerous, crowded, allantoid, yellowish, 5-7J [i long.
On bark of dead birch trees, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

SUBORDER. DOTHIDEACE.E.

Compound. Stroma pulvinate, effused or linear, coriaceous
subcarbonaceous, black. Perithecia reduced to mere cells, (generally
peripherical) in the substance of the stroma, and not separable from it,
papillate or simply perforated. Asci 4-8-spored. Sporidia hyaline,
yellowish or brown.

PHYLLACHORA, Nitschke.

in Fckl. Symb. p. 216.

Stroma variable in shape, elliptical, oblong or lanceolate, covered
by the epidermis, black, more or less roughened by the apices of the
small, ascigerous cells, which are buried in the stroma, and often at
first contain spermatia. Sporidia ovate, elliptical or oblong, continu-
ous and mostly hyaline. Asci subcylindrical.

* On dicotyledonous plants.

Ph. Dalibardae, Pk. 27th Rep. p. 109, PI. I, figs 7-9.

Stromata scattered, innate and subprominent on both sides of the
leaf, which is stained immediately around them reddish-brown, small,
less than | mm. diam., subtuberculose-roughened, black. Ascigerous
cells, 6-12 in a stroma, subglobose, 75-80 ju. diam. Asci oblong-fusoid,
50-60 x 10 fi. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong-fusoid, hyaline, con-
tinuous, 12-16 x 3-3 1 p.

On living leaves of Dalibarda rejiens, Forestburg, N. Y.

Described from a specimen sent by Mr. Peck.

Ph. Wittrockii, (Erikss.)

Dothidea Wittrockii, Erikss. Fungi Seand. No. 40.
Phyllachora Wittrockii, Sacc. Syll. 5130.

Stromata effused, surrounding 2 or 3 of the swollen, upper inter-

597

nodes of the stem, 5-25 mm. long, very fragile, black, nearly smooth.
Ascigerous cells numerous, buried in the stroma, white. Asci cylin-
drical, subsessile, 70-80 x 6-10 p, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate,
elHpsoicl or ovoid, continuous, hyaline, 12-20 x 4-7 fx. Paraphyses
filiform.

On stems of Linncea borealis, White Mountains, N. H. (Farlow).

Mr. Kelsey finds, on the same host, in Montana, the minute, scat-
tered stromata of some Dothideaceous fungus on the upper side of
the leaves but entirely sterile.

Ph. coccodes, (Lev.)

Sphceria coccodes, I,ev. Ann. Sci, Nat. Ill, (1845) p. 50.
Dothidea Cubensis, Berk, (fide Cooke).
Physalospora coccodes, Sace. Syll. 1717.
Dothidea coccodes, Cke. Syn. 1240.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1950.

Stromata scattered, amphigenous, flattened-pulvinate, \-\\ mm.
diam., black, roughened by the obtuse, prominent ostiola so as to
appear under the lens minutely tuberculate. Ascigerous cells sub-
ovate, immersed, white inside, about 200 p. diam., not crowded. Asci
clavate, stipitate, 85-90 x 15 p, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia over-
lapping-uniseriate, elliptical (sometimes subinequilateral,) hyaline at
first, becoming yellowish, 12-16 x 6-8 p, continuous.

On leaves* of Olea Americana, Florida (Calkins).

This is given as D. coccodes (Lev.) on the authority of Dr. Cooke.
It does not agree well with Saccardo's description of Physalospora
coccodes, though the same reference to Sci. Nat. is given by Berk, in
his Cuban Fungi under Dothidea coccodes, Lev., as that given by
Sacc. under Physalospora coccodes. At any rate, the specc. issued
in N. A. F. can not be Physalospora, having the characteristic cells
of. the Dothideaceoe immersed in the stroma.

Ph. Trifolii, (Pers.)

Sph&ria Trifolii, Pers. Syn. p. 30.
Dothidea Trifolii, Fr. Summa, Veg. Scand. p. 387.
Phyllachora Trifolii, Fekl. Symb. p. 218.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1022.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 657.— id. F. Eur. 1331.— Kze. F. Sel. 270.
Thum. M. U. 2269.— Sydow, M. March. 697.— Unhart F. Hung. 375.

Stromata hypophyllous, gregarious, collected in small, mostly
elongated groups extending along the nerves of the leaf, black, sub-
globose or tuberculiform, prominent, often confluent. Sporidia (sec.
Cke. in Grev. XIII, p. 63) elliptical, hyaline, continuous, 20 x 10 p..

On leaves of Trifolium repens, Ohio (Morgan), on Trifoliurru
New York (Peck).

The specc. we have seen are immature or sterile.

598

Ph. Ambrosias (B. & C.)

Dothidea Ambrosice, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. ioy
Phyllachora A mbrosicn, Sacc. Syll. 5127.

Stroma convex, shining. Asci linear, shorter than the slender
paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, hyaline.

On leaves of Ambrosia elatior, Carolina, and on A. artemisice-
folia, Alabama (Beaumont).

D. Ambrosice, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1935 (sec. Cke, Grev. XIII,
p. 43), is without fruit and not a Phyllachora.

Ph. Lespedezse, (Schw.)

Sphcetia LespedeZcz, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1:488.
Phyllachora Lespedezce, Cke. Grev, XIII, p. 63.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 487.

Stromata gregarious or subconfluent, conic-convex, black and
shining-, about 1 mm. diam., epiphyllous, seated on indefinite, yellowish
spots. Ascigerous cells few (1-4), small, pale. Asci? Sporidia (sec
Cke. in Grev. XIII, p. 63) elliptical, continuous, hyaline, 20x10 p..

On leaves of various species of Lespedeza. Not uncommon, but
mostly sterile.

Ph. Beaum6ntii, (B. & C.) Grev. XIII, p. 63.

Epiphyllous. Stroma hemispheric-convex, opake, black, con-
tracted at base. Asci clavate. Sporidia inordinate, elliptical, con-
tinuous, hyaline, 8-10 x4 ju.

On leaves of Cerasus, Alabama.

Ph. picea, (B. & C.)

Dothidea picea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 105.
• Phyllachora picea, Sacc. Syll. 5129, Cke. Syn. 1073.

Forming little orbicular, papillose patches. Asci short, clavate.
Sporidia hyaline, narrow, cymbaeform.
On twigs of Vitis aestivalis.

Ph. tenuis, (B. & C.)

1 Dothidea tenuis, B. & C. N. Pac. Expl. Exp. No. 162
Phyllachora tenuis, Sacc. Syll. 5114, Cke. Syn. 1077.

Pitch-black. Stroma' subpenetrating, thin, minutely granulose
from the slightly prominent cells. Sporidia hyaline, oblong-clavate.
On leaves of Bauhinia, Nicaragua (Wright).

Ph. incliisa, (B. & C.)

Dothidea inclusa, B. & C. N. Pac. Expl. Exp. No. 164.
Phyllachora inclusa, Sacc. Syll. 5116, Cke. Syn. 1067.

599

Stromata scattered, innate, amphigenous, orbicular, about \ mm.
tLiani., black, surface convex and slightly papillose, slightly prominent.
Asci stipitate, paraphysate, clavate, p. sp. 75-100 x 18-20 /*, 8-spored.
Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or biseriate, elliptical, acutely so at first,
but finally more obtuse, greenish-granular, 15-22 x 9-10 fi.

On leaves of Jacquinia, Nicaragua ( Wright).

A few sporidia were seen with the endrochrome divided in the
middle. Described from specc. collected- by Wright in Nicaragua.

** On monocotyledonous plants.

Ph. Graminis, (Pers.) (Plate 40)

Sphczria Graminis, Pers. Syn. p. 30.

Dothidea Graminis, Fr. Summa, p. 387.

Phyllachora Graminis, Fckl. Symb. p. 216.

Hypoptcris Luzulce, Rab. in Bad. Krypt. 335.

Phyllachora Bromi, Fckl. Symb. p. 216.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1018, 2264.— Kze. F. Sel. 269, 361.— Rab. F. E. 533.— Rehm Asc. 647.
Thum. F. Austr. 176.— Sydow, M. March. 84, 86, 254.— Desm. Pi. Cr. Ed. I, 968.— id.
Ed. II, 268.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 678.— Ell. N. A. F. 484.

Stromata scattered or confluent, penetrating the leaf and more or
less prominent on both sides, covered by the adnate, black and shining
epidermis, of various forms, mostly oblong or lanceolate, black, uneven,
rugulose, about 1 mm. long. Ascigerous cells subseriate. Ostiola
obscure. Asci short-stipitate, cylindrical, 75-80 x 7-8 //, 8-spored,
paraphysate. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, ovate, simple, generally
with one large nucleus, hyaline, 6-12x4-5 //. Spermatia (in the
young cells) subfalcate, 16xlJ-2 /*, pluriguttulate.

On living leaves of various grasses; common.

. Ph. Caricis, (Fr.)

Dothidea Caricis, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 397.
Phyllachora Caricis, Sacc. Syll. 5242.

Covered, uneven, confluent, black, tuberculose from the astomous.
prominent perithecia. Allied to P. Graminis, but immersed in the
unchanged parenchyma of the leaf, the prominent perithecia (cells) dis-
tinct, but covered by the blackened epidermis.

On leaves of Carex Pennsylvania, Albany, N. Y. (Peck).

Cooke in Grev. XIII, p. 63, states that the asci are clavate and
the sporidia elliptical, continuous and hyaline.

Ph. Cynodontis, Niessl, Not. Pyr. p. ?£. £*f

Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 377.- Rab. F. E. 2241.— Thum. M. U. 1067.

Stromata scattered, suborbicular or subelongated, small, mostly
not over £ mm., not strongly prominent, black, ascigerous cells small

Asci elavate-subfusoid, paraphysate, p. sp. 45-50 x 12-15 /i. Sporidia
crowded, irregularly biseriate or sometimes obliquely uniseriate,
acutely elliptical, yellowish-hyaline, continuous, 12-15 x 5-6 p..

On leaves of some grass, Alabama (Atkinson).

Differs from Ph. gramius in its smaller stromata and crowde(
sporidia. The Alabama specc. agree with those in the Exsiccati quoted.

Ph. raelandplaca, (Desm.)

Dothidea melanoplaca, Desm. Not. 17, p. 33.
Phyllachora melanoplaca* Sacc. Syll. 5151.

Amphigenous; spots large, indeterminate, opake. Ascigerous
cells numerous, small, connate, whitish within, becoming black. Asci
ample, 50 p. long. Sporidia ovoid, hyaline, subolivaceous.

On languishing or dead leaves of Veratrum viride, Catskill and
Adirondack Mts., N. Y. (Peck).

Ph. Dasylirii, (Pk.)

Dothidea Dasylirii, Pk. Bot. Gaz. VII, p. 57.
Phyllachora Dasylirii, Sacc. Syll. 5149, Cke. Syn. 1123.

Stromata amphigenous, small, narrow-elliptical, oblong or linear,
Mack, for a long time covered by the epidermis, which is at length
split longitudinally. Ascigerous cells few. white inside. Asci oblong
or subcylindrical. Sporidia crowded or biseriate, oblong or clavate-
oblong, colorless, 27-40 x 16-18 p.

On leaves of some species of Dasylirion(D. Wheeleri)?, Arizona
(Pringle).

Ph. Junci, (Fr.)

Sphczriajunci, Fr. S. M. II, p. 428.
Dothidea Junci, Fr. Summa, p. 387.
Phyllachora Junci, Fckl. Symb. p. 216.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1026.— Rab. F. E. 755.— Desm. PL Cr. Ed. I, 720.— Cke. F. -Brit. 2d
Ser. 243.

Stromata gregarious, often confluent, sunk in the substance of the
culm, more or less elongated, thin, brown or nearly black, covered by
the pustulate-raised epidermis which finally becomes brown and splits
with a narrow lanceolate opening. Ascigerous cells sunk in the
stroma, finally emergent, forming globose or subcompressed tubercles,
subseriate, small. Asci short-stipitate, cylindrical, 8-spored, 60-85 x
7-8 fi. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or partly biseriate, oblong, bi-
nucleate (becoming uniseptate)? yellowish-hyaline, 9-10x3-3| fi.

On various species of Juncus; common, but often sterile or poorly
developed.

601
*## Qn Acotytedonoits plants.
Ph. Pteridis, (Reb.)

Sph&ria Pteridis, Reb. Neom. p. 314, tab. I, fig. 3.
Dothidea Pteridis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 555.
Phyllachora Pteridis, Fckl. Symb. p. 218.
Rhopographus Pteridis, Winter Die Pilze, II, p. 915.
Exsiec. Thum. M. U. 175, 2176.— Thum. F. Austr. 1053.— Rehm Asc. 522. 5S1.— Romell
F. Scand. 82.— Erikss. F. Scand. 39.

Stromata hypophyllous, elongated, oblong, following the nerves,
cinereous-black outside, deeper black within, 2-3 mm. long, ±-f nun.
wide, minutely punctate from the ostiola, Asci numerous, cylindrical.
8-spored, 64x14 ft. Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, hyaline, simple,
2-nucleate, 8-10x5-6 ft. ParaphysQS none. On fronds of Pteris
aquilina, common. New England to Carolina, and west to Montana.

None of the specc. in the Exsiccati quoted nor, in fact, any we
have seen, are ascigerous, but those in Thum. M. U. (collected in New
Jersey) have clavate-oblong stylospores 12-20x 2J-3 ft. The descrip-
tion of the asci and sporidia is taken from Sacc. Syll.

Ph. leptostromoidea, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 64.

Stroma irregular, minute, flattened, black, sometimes confluent.
Ostiola scarcely visible. Asci clavatc, 8-spored. Sporidia elliptical,
continuous, hyaline, 8 x 3 ft.

On fronds of Pteris, South Carolina (Ravenel). Resembles a
Leptostroma.

Ph. flabella, (Schw.)

Sphceria flabella, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1489.
Phyllachora flabetla, Sacc. Sj'll. 5154, Cke. Syn. 1126.
Exsiec. Thum. M. U. 176.— Rehm Asc. 473.— Rav. F. Am. 99.— Ell. N. A. F. 486.

Stromata as in Ph. Pteridis, only epiphyllous, covered by the
epidermis and often interrupted and tubercular. Ascigerous cells
rather large, white inside. Asci cylindrical, sessile, 60-90 x 8-10 ft,
paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia mostly overlapping-uniseriate, acutely
elliptical, or ovate-elliptical, subinequilateral, yellowish-hyaline, simple.
10-12x5-6 ft.

On dead fronds of Pteris aqiiilhia, New England. New Jersey
and New York; probably also in other localities where its host is
found, but, like many other species of this genus, it is often found
sterile. It can, however, be easily recognized by its peculiar habit.
76

602

In the following species the fructification is unknown.
Ph. permeans, (B. & C.)

Dothidea per means, B. & C. N. Pac. Expl. Exp. No. 161.

Spots irregular, substellate-orbicular, black, permeating the entin
matrix, elevated-subrugose. Ostiola indistinct.
On leaves, Nicaragua.

Ph. oxalina, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata amphigenous, minute (\-\ mm.), on subindefinite, pale
spots, black. Stylospores fusoid-oblong, hyaline, 7-8 x 2-2 \ /i, binu-
cleate, becoming uniseptate.

On leaves of Oxalis corniculata, Delaware (Commons).

Ph. latitans, (Fr.)

Dolhidea latitans, Fr. S. M. II, p. 522.
Phyllachora latitans, Sacc. Syll. 5164.

Stromata innate in the parenchyma of the leaf, and not readily
seen until the portion of the leaf covering them is cut away. Cells
numerous, subrotund, crowded, white.

On leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-idcea, Nugarsunguak, Greenland.

Resembles an old Phacidium.

Ph. Panici, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1925 (sub Dothidea).

Spots gray, thin, linear, longitudinally and laterally confluent
between the nerves of the leaf, without any distinct fibrils. Cellules
minute, subseriately arranged on the opposite side of the leaf. Spots
numerous but minute.

On" leaves of different species of Panicum, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schw.) ; also common around Newfield, N. J.

Ph? Polemonii, Hark. Bull. 7, of the Cal. Acad. p. 446.

Amphigenous, spots black, roundish, 2-6 mm. broad, papillate
and shining.

On living leaves of Polemonium. humile, Sierra Nevada Mts.,
California; alt. 7000 ft.

Very showy, but, as yet, only found sterile.

Ph. Eupatorii, (B. & €.)

Dothidea Eupatorii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 105.
Phyllachora Eupatorii, Sacc. Syll. 5198.

603

Forming black, thin, irregularly erumpent, granulated patches an
inch or more long. Asci short, obovate.

On stems of Eupatorium coronopifolium, North Carolina.

Ph. elegans, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1914 (sub Dothidea).

Spots half an inch across, olive-green, at length black, often con-
fluent, composed of branching fibrils, radiate-divergent and anastomos-
ing; shape of the spots always elliptic-acuminate. Cells minute,
abundant, shining-black, often scattered outside the limits of the spots.

On Phytolacca stems, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Ph. Phlogis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1931 (sub Dothidea).

Spots dark brown, subindeterminate, narrow, sublinear, not cov-
ered, composed of an aggregation of minute cellules.

On stems of Phlox undulata (cult.), Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Ph. Cheonpodii, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1919 (sub Dothidea).

Spots of medium size, formed of radiating fibrils, dark brown,
tolerably thick, scarcely branching, elevated in the center, loaded with
perithecia or cells, rather large, covered, globose-depressed and ostio-
late. Spots often confluent.

On large stems of Chenopodium, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Ph. ramosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1912 (sub Dothidea).

Spots oblong, .black, with branching fibrils radiating only longi
tudinally, partially covered at first. Cellules seriate, crowded, at
length ruptured. Spots not exceeding 4-6 mm. long.

On herbaceous stems, especially of Chenopodium, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schw.).

Ph. etfiisa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1893 (sub Dothidea).

Broadly effused on determinate black spots consisting of innumer-
able minute perithecia, elevated, black, crowded, innate and confluent
with the epidermis, but more scattered around the margin and seated
on a fibriilose subiculum.

On stems of Helianthus animus. Bethlehem. Pa. (Schw.).

This and the four preceding species seem to be referable to Aster-
oma.

The following numbers placed under Dothidea by Schweinitz,
in his Synopsis of North American Fungi, are (sec. specc. in Herb,
Schw.) not ascigerous.

604

1874. Dothidea radicalism Schw., on roots of trees dug up and
exposed, is a Dothiorella: sporules hyaline, subglobose, 15-20 //in
the longer diameter. This is quite different from Sphceria radicalism
Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1269.

1875. Dothidea capreolata, Schw., on decaying branches of
Bignonia capreolata, is a Haplosporella ; sporules 10-15 x4-5 //.

1876. Dothidea Robiniai, Schw., on young branches of Robinia.
This is a Haplosporella-, sporules oblong, brown, 18-20x10-12//.

1878. Dothidea Vibarni dentati, Schw., on branches of Vibur-
num dentatum, is also a Haplosporella; sporules oblong, brown, 12-
15x4-5//.

1881. Dothidea orbiculata, Schw., on leaves of Diospyros, and

1883. Dothidea Rhois, Schw., on leaves of Rhus glabra and
R. copallina, are both entirely sterile.

1886. Dothidea Missouriensis, Schw., on pecan nuts in the
market, is only a thin, black, sterile crust.

1888. Dothidea gramma, Schw., epiphyllous, on living leaves
of Stylosanthes; minute, crowded perithecia forming a narrow, black
strip parallel with the margin of the leaf, on each side. The peri-
thecia are filled with minute, hyaline sporules.

1889. Dothidea Brachystemonis, Schw., on leaves of Pycnan*
themum (Brachystemon), looks like a Phyllachora, t>ut is sterile.

1890. Dothidea exasperans, Schw., mere sterile spots. Cooke
(G-rev. XIII, p. 42) finds Phyllosticla sporules 6 x 1| //. Phyllo-
sticta exasperans, (Schw.).

1891. Dothidea stipaia, specimen sterile.

1892. Dothidea culmicola, Schw., on culms of Andropogon;
minute, sterile perithecia so thickly crowded as to blacken the culm in
irregular patches.

1894. Dothidea Glycineos, Schw., on living leaves of Amphi-
carpwa (Glycine) monoica.

1895. Dothidea frigoris, Schw., on dead twigs of Viburnum.
Specimens of these two numbers are entirely sterile.

1896. Dothidea fructigena, Schw., on rotten apples; only a
black, sterile crust.

605

1897. Dothidea chalybea, Schw., on dry, denuded wood of
ITalmia, and

1898. Dothidea denigrans, Schw. These two are a mere sterile
crust, in the latter with sterile perithecia.

1899. Dothidea Lauri Bourbonice, Schw., on leaves of Laurus
Bourbonia (Georgia), only small, black, sterile spots.

1901. Dothidea penicillata, Schw., on scapes of Allium, &c,
has the aspect of a Vermicularia, only there are no bristles, nor are
there any spores.

1909. Dothidea pomigena, Schw., on mature apples, apparently
the fructigenous form of Fusicladium dendriticum (Wallr.).

1910. Dothidea Gentianm, Schw., on fading leaves of Genti-
ana ochroleuca; sterile perithecia on black spots. Cooke (Grev. XIII.
p. 42) finds sporules of a Phoma 8x1//.

From 1911-1855, inclusive, all the specimens in Herb. Schw.
(except 1041, which is Actinonema Rosaza, Lib.) are sterile, inde-
terminable things, entirely without fruit of any kind, or at most
only stylosporous, so that it would hardly be worth the while to go
over them separately. Many of them are mere discolorations of the
leaf or stem, or a mere sterile crust, with or without rudimentary peri-
thecia. Cooke (see Grev. XIII, pp. 41-44) has examined specimens
of these numbers in Herb. Berk, and finds them, as we do, very unsat-
isfactory, mostly without fruit.

DOTHIDELLA, Speg.

Fungi Argentini, Pugill. I, Appendix.

• Stroma effused or discoid, thin, black; cells immersed. Asci
8-spored. Sporidia ovoid or oblong, uniseptate, hyaline. This differs
from Phyllachora in its uniseptate sporidia.

D. betiilina, (Fr.)

Sphceria xylomoides, Fr. in Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1816, p. 143.
Sphceria atronitens, Holl. in Fr. Scler. Suec. No. 144.
Phyllachora betulina, Fckl. Symb. p. 217.
Dothidea betulina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 554.
Dothidella betulina, Sacc. Syll, 5256.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1015.— Rab. F. F. 1638, 2671.— Thuni. F. Austr. 970.

Stromata numerous, gregarious or thickly scattered, often cover-
ing a large part of the leaf, and more or less confluent, small, mostly
less than J mm. broad, irregular in shape, orbicular or angular, slightly

arched, roughened by the prominent perithecia, shining, black inside
and out. Ascigerous cells (perithecia) thickly crowded, globose, nar-
rowed above into the punctiform, subprominent, finally umbilicate
ostiola. Asci oblong, often broader below, sessile, 38-44 x 12-12| p.
Sporidia biseriate, elliptical, ends rounded, the septum above the mid-
dle, not constricted, greenish-hyaline, 12-14x5 p.

On living leaves of Betula nana, B. intermedia, and B. glandu-
losa, Amitsuarsuk and Holstensborg, Greenland. Sent also from
Maine, on leaves of Betula jiopulifolia, by Rev. Jos. Blake, and
reported from New York State by Mr. Peck.

D. Alni, Pk. 40th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 71.

Stroma orbicular (4-12 mm.), thin, convex and black above, con-
cave, brown or grayish-black and papillosely rugulose below. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia ovate-elliptical, obscurely uniseptate near one
end, hyaline, 15-20 x 7§-8f fit.

On dead leaves of Alnus viridis, Mt. Marcy, N. Y. (Peck).

I). Kalmise, (Pk.)

Dothidea KalmicF, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 102.
Dothidella Kalmice, Sacc. Syll. 5264.

Thin, effused, investing the brandies, black, shining, brownish
within. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseptate, constricted, subhyaline.
10-12 x5-6 p, the cells generally nucleate and unequal.

On branches of Kalmia angustifolia, Sandlake, N. Y. (Peck).

The fungus forms a black crust which entirely surrounds the
smaller branches and which, in fertile specimens, is dotted with the
black ostiola. Within, it resembles half-charred wood. It kills the
branches. In the young stage, before the development of the asciT
simple, oblong, spore-like bodies 20 p long are produced.

D. Osmiindae, (P. & C.)

Dothidea Osmunds, P. & C. 30th Rep. p. 64.
Dothidella Osmundce, Sacc. Syll. 5268.

Minute, linear, erumpent through a narrow chink, scarcely emer-
gent, black, nuclei whitish. Asci subcylindrical. Sporidia oblong,
narrow, uniseptate, slightly constricted, colorless, 14-17 p long, one
cell usually a little swollen at the septum.

On dead stems of Osmunda, New York and New Jersey.

The N. J. specc. have the sporidia only about 12 p long.

D. sciitula, (B. & &?

Dothidella scutula, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 105.
Dothidella scutula, Sacc. Syll. 5270.
Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 385.— Rab. F. F. 3559— EH. N. A. F. 684.

607

Stromata scattered or gregarious, epiphyllous, orbicular, flattened,
1-1 1 mm. diam., superficial and easily deciduous, black. Cells numer-
ous, globose, 75 a diam. Asci oblong, 40-50 x 4-6,//.

On living leaves of Magnolia and Laurus Caroliniensis, South-
ern States; common.

D. Vaccinii, Rostr. F. Groenl. p. 566.

Sphceria conferta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 435?

Stromata hypopliyllous, irregularly angular, scattered, tuberculose
from the projecting perithecia, black, about 1 mm. diam. Asci elon-
gated-clavate, stipitate, 80-130 x 6-8 /i, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate,
or biseriate above, oblong-ellipsoid, uniseptate, yellowish-hyaline, with
a short appendage at each end, 16-20 x 5-6 u.

On living leaves of Vaccinium ulignosum, Itivnek, Sukker-
toppen, <fcc, Greenland.

D. Aristidse, (Schw.)

Sphceria Aristidce, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1471.
Phyllachora Aristidce, Sacc. Syll. 5230.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 86.

Stroma effused, thin, black, interruptedly continuous over both
sides of the leaves and enveloping the culms for several cm. in extent,
causing them to appear charred. Ascigerous cavities small, mostly
less than 75 fi diam., subglobose and seriate between the parallel
nerves of the leaves. Asci subglobose, 15-25 // diam., sessile, 8-spored.
Sporidia inordinate, subelliptical, or ovate-oblong, obtuse, hyaline, uni-
septate, 8-12 x 5-6 /u.

On dead culms and leaves of Aristida dichotoma, North Caro-
lina (Schw.), New Jersey (Ellis), on Distichlis maritima, Oregon,
and on Aristida purpurascens, Mississippi (Tracy).

The Oregon specc. are well matured and show the asci and spo-
ridia distinctly. Newfield specc.also show immature asci and in parts
of the same stroma, abundant oblong-clavate, hyaline stylospores 12-
15x3 jut, on short basidia. Schweinitz says perithecia comparatively
large, but we find them as noted both in specc. in Herb. Schw. and
from the other localities.

D. Ulmi, (Duv.)

Sphceria Ulmi, Duval in Hoppe. Bot. Taschenb. 1809, p. 105.
Sphceria ulmaria, Sow. Eng. Fungi, tab. 374, fig. 3.
Xyloma ulmeum, Mart. Fl. Erlang, p. 309.
Sphceria xylomoides, DC. Fl. Fr. II, p. 288.
Dothidea Ulmi, Fr. S. M. II, p. 555.
Phyllachora Ulmi, Fckl. Syrab, p. 218.
Dothidella Ulmi, Winter, Pilze, II, p. 904.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1013.— Rab. Herb. Myc. 658.— Thum. F. Austr. 499.— id. M. U. 2064.
Sydow, M. March. 256.— I,inh. F. Hung. 374.— Erikss. F. Scand. 292.— Briosi and
Cavara F. Parass. 73.— Desm. PI. Cr. Ed. I, 284.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 1S4.

608

Stromata epiphyllous, scattered or approximate, or even confluent,
numerous, often thickly scattered over the entire upper surface of the
leaf, flattish-pulvinate, or depressed-hemispherical, suborbicular in out-
line, black, but covered by the thin, gray epidermis, verrucose from
the projecting apices of the cells, about 1 mm. broad. Asci cylin-
drical, subsessile, 60-70 x 8-9 fju Sporidia obliquely uniseriate,
obovate-elliptical, greenish-hyaline, continuous at first, but when
mature, with a single transverse septum near the base, 10-11 x 5 p.

On fallen leaves of Ulmus.

Sent to Schweinitz by Dr. Torrey, from New York State. We
do not find any other reference to this species as being found in this
country, and we have seen no American specc.

D. lilmea, (Schw.)

Sph&ria ulmea, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 288, Fr. S. M. II, p. 436.
Fxsicc. F41. N. A. F. 1347.— Rav. F. Am. 752.— Rav. Car. II, 67.

Perithecia buried in the parenchyma of the leaf either singly or
2-8 together, stromatically connected, their bases projecting and form-
ing little tuberculiform heaps on the upper surface of the leaf, and
their papilliform ostiola erumpent through the ruptured epidermis
on the lower side. Asci oblong-cylindrical, 55-60 x 8 //, subsessile,
8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, hyaline, ovate, 7-9 x 3-3| p, finally
with a septum near the lower end.

On leaves of Ulmus, common.

Found mature only after the leaves have lain on the ground
through the winter. This must not be confounded with D. Ulmi,
(Duv.), which, though having sporidia almost the same as this (only a
little larger), differs essentially in its other characters. This (D. ulmea)
is anomalous on account of the ascigerous cells assuming the character
of perithecia as in Homostegia Kelseyi.

D. sphaeroidea, (Cke.)

Dothidea Sphceroidea , Cke. Grev. VII, p. 50.
Fxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 387.

Stromata scattered, solitary, superficial, 350-400 p diam., hemi-
spherical, rough, black. Ascigerous cells immersed in the stroma, not
crowded, about 30 in number, subglobose, 100-150 p diam. Ostiola
papillose-prominent, roughening the surface of the stroma. Asci ob-
ovate, 72-80x30-40 p, sessile. Paraphyses branched, thickened at
their tips. Sporidia crowded, obovate, unequally uniseptate, 24-28 x
20 p diam., upper cell of the sporidia globose, 20 p diam., lower cell
subglobose, 10-12 p diam., hyaline, becoming yellow-brown.

609

On living foliage of Juniperus Virginiana, South Carolina
(Ravenel).

A very distinct and well marked species. The general appear-
ance is that of Stigmatea Juniperi, (Desm.), but the microscopical
characters are very different, as above noted. The last three species
differ in their thicker stroma, which approaches Dothidea.

D. bullnlata, (Berk.)

Dothidea bullulata, Berk. Nares. Arct. Expd. II, 322.

Disks small, bullate, marked by the punctiform ostiola, arising
from a filamentose base. Sporidia uniseriate, uniseptate, slightly
attenuated at each end, 15 x 6-8 p.

On leaves, Disco Island.

D. Arteraisise, (Schw.)

Spluzria Artemisitz, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1227.

Small (4 mm,), ovate, subangular, subcupulate, margined by the
lobes of the stellately-ruptured epidermis, erumpent, subconfluent, very
black, with the disk rugose. Ostiola urnbilicate, not prominent,
numerous. Perithecia globose, minute, hollow, buried in the stroma
which is seated on the inner bark, nearly free, black and rugose on
both sides, not really confluent, but crowded. Sporidia (sec. Berk.
Grew IV, p. 104) oblong, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, 25 //
long.

On branches of Artemisia, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)-.

DOTHIDEA, Fr.

Obs. II, p. 347.

Stroma erumpent, mostly pulvinate or tuberculiform, slightly
arched, flat or slightly concave above, black, wrinkled or punctate
from the ostiola. Perithecia (cells) sunk in the stroma. Sporidia suit-
elliptical or elongated, 2-celled, hyaline or colored.

* Sporidia continuous, hyaline (Bagnisiella), or colored (Aners-

waldia).

D. Ilicis, €ke. Texas Fungi, No. 143.

" Gregarious, erumpent. Pustules elliptical, black, the cells be-
ing enclosed in the stroma. Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical, some-
times slightly attenuated towards each end, simple, hyaline, 30 x 10 jt."

On bark of Ilex opaca, Texas (Ravenel).

77

610

D. episphaeria, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 64.

Stromata small, slightly prominent, scattered or subconfluent,
often irregular, carbonaceous, black. Nuclei numerous, white within.
Sporidia crowded or biseriate, lanceolate or subfusiform, colorless,
15-18 fi long.

On old Diatrype stigma, New York State.

D. Cercidis, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 66.

Erumpent, orbicular, hemispherical, at length depressed in the
center, black, cells few. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, elliptic-
lanceolate, continuous, hyaline, 30 x 10 p..

On branches of Cercis Canadensis, Carolina.

Dothidea moricola, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 95, and D. Tamaricis,
Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108, are only forms of Botryosphazria fuliginosa,
(M. & N.). In the spec, of D. Tamaricis, in Rav. F. Am. 668, the
sporidia are mostly 15-20 x 6-9 //, but in the same perithecium are
asci with sporidia 30 x 1 5 fi.

D. Pringlei, Pk. Bot. Gaz. VII, p. 57.

Auerswaldia Pringlei, Sacc. Syll. 5249.

Stromata amphigenous, orbicular or oblong, 2 mm. to 1 cm. diam.
or by confluence two or more cm., prominent on both sides, flat-discoid,
black and solid, penetrating the matrix deeply, covered by the thin
epidermis which finally becomes loosened and is then white. Ascig-
erous, cells few (2-6) in a stroma, ovate, deeply seated, about \ mm,
diam., narrowed above into the tuberculiform-erumpent, perforated
ostiola, which are finally deciduous, leaving a round hole penetrating
the stroma as if eaten out by some insect. Asci cylindrical, subsessile?
paraphysate, 8-spored, 180-210x15-18 p. Sporidia uniseriate, ob-
long-elliptical, rounded at the ends, hyaline, becoming yellow-brown,
25-36 x 12-14 p., continuous. The surface of the stroma, except
where roughened by the prominent, tuberculiform ostiola, is smooth.

On leaves of Yucca macrocarpa, Arizona (Pringle), San Diego,
Cal. (Palmer).

** Stroma pulmnate or tuhercidiform; ramulicolous (Eudothided).

D. Sambuci, (Pers.)

SphcEria Sambuci, Pers. Syn. p. 14.
Sphczria natans, Tode F. Meckl. II, p. 27.
Dothidea Frangulcz, Fckl. Symb. p. 222.
Dothidea Sambuci, Fr. S. M. II, p. 551.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1007, i8r6.— Kze. F. Sel. 158.— Rab. F. F. 2952.— Thum. F. Austr. 764
Roum. F, G. 1471.— Sydow, M. March. 861.

611

Stromata gregarious, mostly numerous, often several standing-
near each other, but not often confluent, orbicular or elongated, erum-
pent and strongly prominent, flat-pulvinate, black, at first smooth,
finally shrunken and wrinkled, ^-1 mm. diam. Cells very numerous,
crowded and small. Asci oblong-cylindrical, attenuated below, 8-
spored, 78-96x14-16 jm. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or partly bi-
seriate, oblong-subclavate, uniseptate, the lower cell smaller, olive-
brown, 19-21 x 8-9 p.

On dead limbs of Morus Multicaulis, Carolina, on dead stems of
Sambucus Canadensis, New York State (Peck).

D. Montaniensis, E. & E. (Plate 40)

Dothidea Bigelovice, E- & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 248.

Stromata depressed-tubercular, suborbicular, about 1 mm. diam.,
smooth and black, gregarious, partly sunk in the bark of the dead
stems. Ascigerous cavities peripheric, minute, numerous. Asci ob-
; long, 40-50 x 12 ji, soon disappearing. Sporidia subbiseriate, unisep-
tate, constricted at the septum, 15-20x7-10 p..

On dead stems of Bigeloviaf Helena, Montana (Kelsey, No. 141).

D. ribesia, (Pers.)

Sphczria ribesia, Pers. in Usteri N. Ann. d. Bot. V, p. 24.

Dothidea ribesia, Fr. S. M. II, p. 550.

Plowrightii ribesia, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 635.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1005.— Kze. F. Sel. 157.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 655.— Desm. PI. Cr. Ed.
I, 283, Ed. II, 835. RehmAsc. 517.— Kriegr. F. Sax. 583.— Roum. F. Gall. 293.— Linht.
F. Hung. 66.— Sydow, M. March. 1300, 2158.— EH. N. A. F. 483.

Stromata scattered or gregarious, sometimes crowded in small,
dense clusters or groups, mostly transversely erumpent and surrounded
by the ruptured epidermis, round or elliptical, or more or less irregu-
lar, mostly flat or depressed above, often grooved, black, lusterless.
1-3 mm. broad. Perithecia (cells) scarcely crowded, subglobose, per-
forated above, finally slightly prominent so that the surface of the
stroma appears uneven. Asci oblong-cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored,
75-90x10//. Sporidia oblique or biseriate, oblong-fusoid, divided
unequally by the single septum, slightly constricted, hyaline, 15-22 x
5-6 li.

On dead stems of various species of Ribes, common.

D. Mezerei, Fr. S. M. II, p. 551.

Plowrightia Mezerei, Sacc. Syll. 5287.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1818.— Rab. F. E. 1845— Rehm. Asc. 371.

Stromata gregarious, often very numerous and thickly scattered.

612

erumpent and distinctly prominent, round or irregularly tuberculifottn,
mostly flattish-pulvinate, with an uneven, tubercular-rugose surface
which is punctate from the slightly projecting ostiola, black, 1-2 mm.
diam., sometimes confluent. Ascigerous cells numerous, subpyriform,
100-120 p broad. Asci cylindric-clavate, attenuate-stipitate, 8-spored,
70-80x10-11 p. Sporidia biseriate, narrow-clavate, attenuated and
rounded at the ends, uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septum-
hyaline, 17-20 x4| p.

On a dead trunk of Daphnis, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

D. concaviuscula, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata gregarious, irregular in shape, mostly oblong or ellip-
tical, 1-2 x |-1 mm., often subseriately confluent, erumpent, but hardly
rising above the bark, mostly concave above, black. Ascigerous
cavities about 100 p. diam., hardly crowded. Ostiola not conspicuous,
leaving the surface of the stroma nearly smooth. Asci oblong-clavate,
contracted at the base into a very short stipe, paraphysate, 8-spored,
55-65x12-15 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, uniseptate, yel-
lowish-hyaline, about 15x4 p..

On dead branches of Magnolia glauca, Newfield,. N. J.

D. Calystegise, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 8.

Stromata subgregarious, erumpent, elliptical, black (1-2 x| mm.),
surrounded by the ruptured epidermis. Ascigerous cells immersed.
Asci clavate, 4-8-spored. Sporidia inordinate, elongate-elliptical, uni-
septate, not constricted, hyaline, 22 x 7 p. Conidia oval, continuous.
5x3//, pale.

On stems of Galystegia septum, California (Harkness).

D. Baccharidis, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 108.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 738.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1559.

"Pustules erumpent, black, depressed, ovate or elliptical, cells
immersed in the stroma. Asci clavate. Sporidia subelliptical, uni-
septate, brown, lower cell much smaller, 20 x 12 pp

On branches of Baccharis, South Carolina (Ravenel), California
(Harkness).

All the specc. examined were old and without asci, but there
were (sporidia)? as above described, differing from those of D. collecta,
(Schw.), in the broader upper cell. The ascigerous cavities are
numerous, subglobose, 100-110 p diam.

613

D. tuberculiformis, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 124.

Stroma discoid, contracted below, orbicular or subelongated,
J-1J mm. diam., sometimes subconfluent, black, easily deciduous.
Ascigerous cells peripherical, 80-110 /i diam., crowded. Ostiola
obscure or minutely punctiform, leaving the surface of the stroma
nearly smooth. Asci clavate-oblong, abruptly stipitate, 55-65x13-
15 /Jt, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, hyaline and sub-
acute at first, finally yellow-brown and subobtuse, uniseptate near the
middle, lower cell a little narrower, scarcely constricted, 13-15 x
6-7 p., mostly a little curved.

On dead limbs of some deciduous tree or shrub, Utah (S. J.
Harkness).

D. collecta, (Schw.)

Sphtzria collecta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1271.

Dothidea tetraspora, B. & Br. Brit. Fungi, No. 899, tab. XI, fig. 39.
Dothidea crystallophora, B. & C. in Herb. Curtis.
Dothidea Lonicerce, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 66?
Exsicc. F41. N. A. F. 168.

Stromata thickly scattered, erumpent, pulvinate, 1-3 mm. diam..
orbicular or elongated, brownish-black. Ascigerous cells globose,
100 /j. diam. peripherical. Ostiola punctiform, barely visible under a
lens. Asci oblong, sessile, 50 x 10-12 fi. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-
oblong, uniseptate, 18-24x6-9 /i, yellow (hyaline at first), four in an
ascus.

On dead limbs of Madura, Lonicera, Genista, Andromeda.
Viburnum, Salvia, Newfield, N. J., and on Ivafrutesceiis and Mac-
lura, New York; on Ulmus, Delaware.

We have seen no specc. of D. Lonicerm, Cke., which differs only
in its 8-spored asci, and which, if we are not mistaken, Dr. Cooke him-
self now considers a mere variety of this. The above diagnosis is
from specc. in Herb. Schw. at the Philadelphia Acad, which are the
same as Dothidea tetraspora as issued in N. A. F. 168.

D. Coliiteje, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 104.

"Pulvinate, smooth, containing several cells. Asci clavate. Spo-
ridia oblong, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, 12-20 p long."

On twigs of Colutea, Pennsylvania (Michener).

Specc. in our Herb, from Farlow have the outward appearance '>t
D. tetrasj)ora, but are without fruit.

D. Berberidis, (Wahl.)

SphcBria Berberidis, Wahl. Flor. Suec. Ed. II, p. 1060.
Dothidea Berberidis, De Not. Micr. Ital. I, p. 66,
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1817.— Kze. Fungi Sel. 159.

Stroma ta solitary and scattered or 2-3 snbseriately approximatt
erumpent and bordered by the ruptured epidermis, orbicular-pulvinat
or more or less elongated, reaching as much as 5 mm. long, rather
flattened above and often depressed in the center, black-punctate
from the projecting ostiola. Perithecia numerous, subgloftose, 240-
260 p cliam., narrowed above into the ostiola. Asci cylindrical, stipi-
tate, gradually narrowed above, 8-spored, 50-60x8-11//. Sporidia
biseriate, narrow-clavate, subinequilateral, uniseptate below the middle,
hyaline, 17-20 x 4-4$ p.

On dead stems of Berberis, New England.

D. Muhlenbergije, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 74.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 482.

Stromata scattered or gregarious and subconfluent, subelongated-
tuberculiform, or hysteriifbrm, minute (J-J mm.), not penetrating
deeply, covered by the blackened epidermis which opens with a
narrow, longitudinal cleft or is pierced by the short, acute ostiola.
Ascigerous cells few, 150-200 p diam., often but one in the smaller
stromata, 2-4 in the larger, white inside. Asci clavate, rounded
above, paraphysate, 8-spored, 50-75 x 15-20 p, narrowed below into a
stipe-like base. Sporidia biseriate or inordinate, oblong-fusoid, hya-
line and granular at first, becoming yellowish and uniseptate, slightly
constricted at the septum, narrowed and subacute at the ends, slightly
curved, 15-20 x 4-6 p.

On dead culms of Muhlenbergia, Newfield, N. J.

Prof. Niessl in Hedwigia, May, 1883, refers this to Leptosphceria
and finds the sporidia 20-25 x 6-8 p., 4-5-celled and hyaline, but after
having carefully reexamined abundant and good material, we find the
sporidia as here noted, and though the scanty stroma often gives the
appearance of perithecia, a section shows the genuine ascigerous cells
characteristic of the Dothideacece.

I), corylina, Ck. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 87.

"Erumpent, orbicular, depressed, black, same color inside. Asci
ample, clavate. Sporidia obtuse, lanceolate, constricted in the middle,
1-3-septate, brown, 50 x 15 p."

On twigs of Corylus rostrata, California (Harkness).

Species imperfectly known and doubtful.
D. Linderse, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 40.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2126.

"Stroma black, erumpent, roundish or oblong, often confluent,

615

surface convex, papillate. Sporidia oblong, brown, uniseptate, 15x5 //."
On dead branches of Lindera Benzoin, New York and Penn-
sylvania.

The specc. in N. A. F., like those from Gerard, are sterile. The
general aspect is that of D. collecta, which perhaps this is.

D. smilacicola, Cke. & Ger. Grev. VII, p. 14.

"Scattered, black, erumpent, convex. Asci cylindrical. Spo-
ridia biglobose, strongly constricted, brown, 18-20 x 10 jiP
On Smilax twigs, New York (Gerard).

D. Epilobii, Fr. S. M. II, p. 559.

Spots amplexicaul, smooth, uniformly pitch-black, roughened by
the subprominent cells.

On dead stems of Epilobium angustifolium, Adirondack Mts.,
N. Y. (Peck).

D. abnormis, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 42, from the de-
scription given, should be Hypoxylon, perhaps a form of H. smilacic-
olum, Howe.

HOMOSTEGIA, Fckl.

Symb. p. 223.

Stroma somewhat flattened, or hemispherical, carbonaceous, black,
(gray inside). Ascigerous cells immersed, pale. Ostiola minute,
papillate. Asci oblong-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia ovate-elliptical.
3-septate, brown.

H. Pi^otii, <B. & Br.)

Dothidea Piggotit, B. & Br. Not Brit. Fungi, No. 660.
SphcBria homostegia, Nyl. in Flora, 1857, p. 68S.
Homostegia adusta, Fckl. Symb. p. 224.
Homostegia Piggotit, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 221.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 953.— EH. N. A. F. 485.

Stroma adnate to the lichen thallus, convex-pulvinate, 1-3 mm.
diam., dull black, wrinkled and roughened by the projecting ostiola.
Ascigerous cells ovate-globose, white, 120-150 fx diam. (260 //, Win-
ter), deeply sunk in the stroma. Asci oblong, short-stipitate, par-
aphysate, p. sp. 60-70x15 p (60-70x21-24 jut Winter). Sporidia
imperfectly biseriate, clavate-oblong, subinequilateral, slightly curved.
3-septate, brown (almost opake), 18-22 x 7-8 //, slightly constricted at
the septa.

616

On tliallus of Parmelia saxatilis, Rhode Island (Farlow), Penn-
sylvania (Eckfeldt).

The measurements are from Far low's specimens and are smaller
(for cells and asci) than those of Dr. Winter.

H. Magnolise, (Cke.)

Dothidea Magnolice, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 50.
Homostegia Magnolicz, Sacc. Syll. 5342.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 386.

Epiphyllous, scattered, black, elliptical or angular, flattened-con-
vex, rugose. Asci clavate-cylindrical. Sporidia cylindrical, obtuse,
slightly curved, triseptate, hyaline, 20 x 5 fi.

•On leaves of Magnolia, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

We have not been able to find any fruit in the spec, in Ravenel's
F. Am. and can only copy the description from Grevillea.

H. rugodisca, (Cke. & Hark.)

Dothidea rugodisca, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 87.
Homostegia rugodisca, Sacc. Syll. 5343.

Hypophyllous, spots irregular, brown. Cells angular, flattened,
rugose, crowded. Asci subclavate. Sporidia rounded above, attenu-
ated below, triseptate, hyaline, 16-17 x 4 jut.

On leaves of Arbutus Menziesii, California (Harkness).

H. Kelseyi, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. June, 1890,
p. 248. (Plate 40)

Perithecia gregarious or cespitose, or united 3-6 together in an
imperfect stroma, often transversely seriate through cracks in the bark,
ovate, |-| mm. diam., with a conical or cylindric-conical, stout osti-
olum which is sometimes imperfectly radiate-sulcate. Asci cylindrical,
150-190 x 8-9 jut, with paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, hyaline, ob-
long-cylindrical, 3-septate, straight, obtuse, 15-20x7-9 fi.

On dead stems of Ribes rotundifoliaf Helena, Montana.

This species, on account of the scanty stroma and often nearly
free perithecia, seems allied to the Cucurbit ariece or Melogramrnece,
but in some cases the perithecia are entirely buried in the stroma, as
in genuine Dothideacece.

H. gangnena, (Fr.)

Sphceria gangrcena, Fr. in Duby Bot. Gall. II, p. 695.
Phyllachora gangrcena, Fckl. Synib. p. 217.
Splicer ella gangrcena, Karst. Myc. Fenn. II, p. 185.
Homostegia gangrcena, Winter, Die Pilze, II, p. 917.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2261.— Rav. Car. II, No. 59.— Desm. Pi. Cr. Ed. I, 1267.

Stromata gregarious or scattered, irregularly elongated, 3-5 mm.

G17

long, often confluent, only slightly prominent, black and covered by
the blackened epidermis, appearing as black, slightly swollen blotches
on the leaves and culms. Ascigerous cells mostly subseriate, sunk in
the stroma, globose, about 100-150 p diam. Ostiola papilliform,
finally umbilicate. Asci oblong-clavate, subsessile, 8-spored, 35-40 x
10-11 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fbsoid, hyaline, 1-2-septate. nol
constricted, 12-15 x 4-4J p.

On living culms and leaves of Isolepis capillaris, South Carolina
(Ravenel).

MAZZANTIA, Mont.

Syll. p. 245.

Stroma erumpent, oblong or suborbicular, clypeiform, convex,
tolerably thin, black, covered at first, then erumpent, white inside.
texture almost like that of a sdevotium. Ascigerous cells sunk in the
stroma, mostly few. Sporidia oblong or elliptical, continuous, hyaline.

M. Galii, (Fr.)

Sphceria Galii, Fr. Flench. II, p. 105.
Sphceria Aparines, Cast. Cat. de PI. de Mars. p. 171.
Mazzantia Galii, Mont. Syll. p. 246.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 795.— Rab. F. E. 537.— Thum. M. U. 71, 1956.

Stromata scattered, covered at first, then erumpent and very
prominent, elliptical or oblong, strongly arched, slightly wrinkled,
black, |-1 mm. long. Ascigerous cells 1-5, narrowed above into the
slightly projecting ostiolum, depressed-spherical or lenticular, mem-
branaceous, pale. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, rounded above.
8-spored, 50-52x5-9 p. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, con-
tinuous, with a nucleus in each end, 8-10x4-4^ p.

On dead stems of Galium Aparine, California (Harkm

M. sepiura, Sacc. & Penz. Mich. II, p. 609.

Stromata linear-oblong, subcutanco-erumpent. shining-black. IJ-
2 nun. long by scarcely J mm. wide, rather flat, obscurely punctulate
from the ostiola, ascigerous cells few, whitish. Asci cylindric-clavate,
54-58 x 7-8 p, without paraphyses, 8-spored, short-stipitate. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate, cylindric-fusoid. straight, or curved, 2- (rarely 4-i
nucleate, 10-12 x 2J-3J p, hyaline.

On dead stems of Galystegia sepium, North Greenbush, X. Y.
(Peck). Sporidia a little larger than in the typical form, and tri-
nucleate.
78

618

CURRKYA, Sacc.

Syll. II, p. 651. v

Stroma hemispherical or discoid, black. Asci elongated, 8-spor(
Sporidia ovate, elliptical or oblong, pluriseptate, muriform, yellow or
brown.

C. Harknessii, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata gregarious, small (less than 1 mm.), depressed-hemi-
spherical or subdiscoid, black, at first covered, finally exposed, but
scarcely rising above the bark, deciduous. Ascigerous cells few,
small. Ostiola only slightly prominent. Asci oblong-cylindrical,
sessile, paraphysate,*8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-ovate, 3-sep-
tate, with 1-2 partial longitudinal septa, yellow-brown, 12-15x5-6 fi.

On dead stems of Convolvulus Calif vr miens, Mt. Diablo, Cala.

Sent by Dr. Harkness as Dothidea Calystegice, Cke. & Hark.,
from which it is quite distinct.

C. excavata, (C. & E.)

Dothidea excavata, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 34, tab. 75, fig. 4.
Curreya excavata, Sacc. Syll, 5348.

Gregarious, discoid, irregular, depressed, at length concave, black.
Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, multi-septate, muri-
form, brown, 18-20 x 10 p..

On dead limbs of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J.

We know nothing of this species. Our specc. (2361) are Doth-
idea concaviuscida, E. & E., which agrees with this only in external
appearance. The specc. in Roum. F. Gall. 1835, under the name of
Dothidea excavata, C. & E., are only the spermogonial stage of some
species unknown — apparently not Dothidea.

RHOPOGRAPHUS, Nitschke.

in Fckl. Symb. p. 219.

Stromata subinnate, linear, irregular, variously confluent, erum-
pent through cracks in the epidermis, black. Ascigerous cells im-
mersed, seriate, comparatively large. Asci oblong-ovoid, 8-sporecl.
Sporidia suboblong, 3-5-septate, yellowish.

Rh. filicinus, (Fr.) (Plate 40)

Hysterium aquilinum, Schum. Enuni. Plant. Ssell. Ill, p. 152.
Sphceria filicina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 427.
Dothidea filicina, Fr. Surama, p. 3S6.

Rhopographus filicinus* Nits, in Fckl. Symb. p. 219, tab. VI, fig. 31.
Rhopographus Pteridis, Winter, in Kze. F. Sel. 583.
Exsicc. Kze. 1. c— Rab. F. E. 2672.— Rehm Asc. 581 ..— Sydow, M. March. 163.— Thum.
M. U. 2176.— Kze. F. Sel. 583.

G19

Stromata gregarious, subinnate, parallel, irregular, variously con-
fluent, black, shining, at first smooth, then punctate-roughened by the
sul (prominent ostiola. Ascigerous cells seriate, connate, depressed-
globose or flat-hemispherical, 180-210 /i broad and about 80 fi high.
Asci oblong, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 70-75 x 15-17 [jl. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-fusoid, attenuated and rounded at the ends, and with
a short, subglobose, hyaline appendage, 3- (rarely 5-) septate, 28-
30 x 7 fi.

On dead stems of Pteris aquilina, Center, N. Y. (Peck).

The N. Y. specc. have (sec, Peck) sporidia 25-27 £ fi long.

The stromata are covered by the blackened epidermis which is
raised into elongated, variously confluent, black blotches. We have
seen no American specimens.

Rh. clavisporus, (C. & P.) (Plate 28, figs. 6-7)

Dothidea clavispora, C. & P. 29th Rep, N. Y. State Mus. p. 63.
Hyslerium clavisporum, C. & P. 28th Rep. p. 69.
Leptosphceria clavicarpa, E. & B. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 43.

Stromata innate-erumpent, narrow, oblong or elliptical, contain-
ing 2-10 perithecia or often linear-elongated, \-\ cm. long, partially
erumpent through cracks in the epidermis which is raised into parallel
ridges. Perithecia seriate, 150-200 // diam. Ostiola obtuse, incon-
spicuous. Asci broad, oblong-cylindrical, 75-100x22-25 //, obtuse,
with a short, narrow base. Paraphyses filiform. Sporidia crowded
in several series, clavate-oblong, slightly curved, obtuse and rounded
above, narrowed rather abruptly below, 7-9-septate, and when mature,
deep yellow-brown, 25-40x8-10 p., only slightly constricted at the
septa. Spermatia in similar perithecia. oblong-cylindrical, slightly
curved, hyaline, 3-5 xlj ii. The general appearance is that of
Sphwria orthogramma, B. & C.

On dead culms of Phragmitis communis, New York (Peck),
Iowa (Arthur).

The ascigerous cells assume the character of true perithecia. at
least in the mature specc, and are connate in a single series. The
substance of the scanty stroma is brown inside.

0PHI0D0THIS, Sacc.

Syll. II, p. 652.

Stroma contracted or broadly effused, somewhat flattened, granu-
lose, becoming black. Asci elongated, 8-spored. Sporidia filiform,
continuous, hyaline, sometimes multinucleate.

620

0. tarda, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 4884, p. 46.

" Hypophyllous, in irregular, angular spots 3-4 mm. broad, often
confluent, papillate, shining black. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, abruptly
contracted, curved and bulbous at the base, 57 x 9 //. Sporidia
linear, pluriguttulate, 42 x 2 //."

On leaves of Rhus diversiloba, California (Harkness).

0. Haydeni, (B. & C.)

Dothidea Haydeni, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 104.
Ophiodothis Haydeni, Sacc. Syll. 5351.

" Forming elongated, irregular, papillose patches. Sporidia linear,
attenuated at each end."

On stems of Aster and Erigeron, Nebraska.

0. alnea, (Fr.)

Dothidea alnea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 564.

Amphigenous, scattered, subrotund, black, shining, collapsing to
rugose-plicate.

On Alnus serrulata, Pennsylvania (Michener). Sporidia (sec.
Berk. Grev. IV, p. 105) linear, 10 ft long.

MYRIANGITJM, Mont. & Berk.

Mont. Sylloge, p. 380.

Stromata numerous, small (1 mm.), crowded, rounded or angular
from mutual pressure, convex above, black, with or without an or-
bicular, thalloid subiculum, multilocular, each cell with a single apar-
aphysate ascus. Sporidia muriform, hyaline.

M. Durieni, Mont, & Berk, in Mont, Syll. p. 380.

Myriangium Curtisii, Mont. & Berk, in Mont. Syll. 1. c.

Pyrenotheca Yunnanensis, Pat. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1886, p. 155.

Phymatosphcsria Yunnanensis, Sacc. Syll. VIII, p. 847.

(Phymatosphczria Brasiliensis, Speg. Fungi Puigg. p. 174)?

(Phymatosphcsria Abyssinica, Pass. Fungi Abiss. in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.

VII, p. 188)?
Cenangium asterinosporunt, H. & K. in F41. N. A. F. 1279.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 332.— FH. N. A. F. 1. c.

Stromata in densely crowded patches or clusters \-\ cm. across,
the single stromata |-1 mm. diam., black, plane or convex above, sub-
orbicular or angular from crowding. Ascigerous cells minute, scat-
tered irregularly but abundantly through the substance of the stroma,
obovate or subglobose, each containing a single ascus. Asci globose,

621

obovate or pyriform, 50-80 [x in the longer diameter and about 40 p
in the shorter, 8-spored, without paraphyses. Sporidia ovate-oblong,
hyaline, 5-7-septate, with one or more partial longitudinal septa,
rounded and obtuse at the ends, 20-30x12-15 //, mostly a little con-
stricted at the middle septum and slightly curved.

On trunks and branches of Jiving trees, Carolina (Curtis & Rav-
enel), Alabama (Beaumont), Massachusetts (Sprague), Pennsylvania
(Michener), Michigan (Hicks), New Jersey (Ellis); on limbs of living
orange trees, Florida (Hopkins).

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from the Florida
specimens; those from more northern localities have the sporidia
mostly smaller. The Florida specc. (M. Yunnanensis) also differ
from those found in the northern States, in the absence of any i'n><>-
margined, thalloid, effigurate subiculum. The genus Myriangium
(from which Phymatosphceria can not well be separated) has been
classed among the Lichens, but the absence of spermogones and goni-
mous cells, seems to exclude it from that order. Its true place in the
mycological system is also doubtful, but its affinity seems to us with
the Dothideacece. Eurytheca, De Seynes, is closely allied. We have
seen no specc. of Phymatosphceria Abyssinica and P. Brasiliens/s.
which are given above as probable synonyms.

FAMILY. XYLARIEiE.

Stromata very variable in form and size, mostly free, but often
more or less sunk in the matrix; either upright and often branched or
horizontal, effused, crustaceous, pulvinate, globose or hemispherical,
mostly black or becoming black, of woody, carbonaceous or suberose-
carnose consistence. Perithecia peripherical, concentrically arranged.
Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia continuous, brown or black,
often inequilateral; young stroma clothed with a conidial layer,

NUMMULARIA, Till.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 42.

Stroma orbicular, cup-shaped or discoid, becoming black, mar-
ginate, the margin more or less distinctly sterile. Perithecia mono*
tichous, peripherical, immersed. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia
uniseriate, subelliptical, continuous, dark. The genus is too el-
allied to Hypoxylon, especially the discoid forms.

622

A. Stroma cup-shaped or concave.
N. discreta, (Scliw.) (Plate 39)

Sphceria discincola, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 63. \

Sphceria disci eta, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1249.

Sphceria excavata, Schw. 1. c. 1250, (sec. spec, in Herb. Schw.).
Nummularia discreta, Tul. Sel. Carp. IT, p. 45.
Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. II, No. 57.— Ell. N. A. F. 489.

Stroma erumpent, orbicular, 2-4 mm. diam., cup-shaped, with a
thick, raised margin, dirty cinereous, then black, the concave surface
at first white-punctate from the minute, punctiform ostiola which, in
the mature state, are scarcely visible. The wood beneath the stroma
is marked with a black, circumscribing line. Perithecia monostichous,
ovate-cylindrical, nearly 1 mm. long, rather abruptly contracted above
into a short neck, their rounded bases penetrating to the bottom of the
stroma. Asci cylindrical, 110-120 x 10—12 //, with long, filiform par-
aphyses. Sporidia subglobose, nearly hyaline at first, finally opake,
10-12 //diam.

On dead branches and trunks of Pyrus Mains and Amelanchier
Canadensis, Newfield, N. J.; on the first-named host, New England
(Farlow), New York (Peck); on Gleditschia triacanthos, Ohio (Mor-
gan), found also (sec. Sacc. in Syll.) on Sorbus, Ulmus, Cercis, and
Magnolia.

Sec. Cooke Grev. XII, p. 6, the specimen of Sphceria discincola,
Schw., in the Kew Herbarium, figured by Currey in Linn. Trans.
1858, PL 47, fig. 105, does not differ from S. discreta, Schw.

N. repanda, (Fr.)

Sphceria repanda, Fr. S. M. II, p. 346, Obs. Mycol. I, p. 16S,
Hypoxylon repandum, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 383.
Nummularia pezizoides, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XI, p. 74.
Nummularia repanda, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 57.
' Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh 2178.— Thum. M. U. 1460.

Stroma erumpent-superficial, orbicular, or subelliptical, J-l cm.
diam., concave, and often with a thin, erect, rather broad margin, rufo-
cinereous at first, finally black ; disk mammillose from the projecting
ostiola. Perithecia monostichous, immersed, ovate-oblong, J-} p long,
crowded, often subangular from mutual pressure. Asci cylindrical,
subsessile, 8-spored, 110-120x8 p, with long, filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, narrow ovate, obtuse, subinequilateral,
dark brown/ 11-14x4-5 p (15-16x6-7 p, Sacc. in Syll.). Dis-
tinguished from N. discreta by its mammillose disk and differently
shaped sporidia.

623

On bark, Ottawa, Canada (Macoun), on bark and wood, Topeka,
Kans. (Cragin), and on bark of Ulmus Americana, Missouri (Dem-
etrio). Found in Europe on branches and trunks of Sorbns aucuparia.

N. subconcava, (Schw.)

Sphceria subconcava, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1251.

Gregarious and often confluent, erumpent, \-\ cm. across, sur-
rounded by the ruptured epidermis, and consisting of a black, crusta-
ceous shell, inclosing the few, .'rather large, globose-depressed perithecia,
connected by a very scanty stroma. Disk subconcave, subrugose and
black. Ostioia globose-papillate, elevated, few, black, sometimes con-
fluent, connected by a very short neck with the perithecia, which have
the ascigerous nucleus white. Sporidia (sec. Stevenson) oblong, light
brown, 15—1 9 x 5f— 7 J jut, some of them slightly constricted in the mid-
dle, but not septate.

On branches of Viburnum dentatum, Bethlehem, Pa. (Sehweinitz).
N. succenturiata, (Tode).

SphcBria succenturiata, Tode Fungi, Meckl. II, p. 37.
Hypoxylon succenturiatum, Fr. Sumtna Veg. Scand. p. 383.
Nummularia succenturiata, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 58.

Stroma at first erumpent through the closely adherent epidermis:
finally, after the bark has fallen away, superficial, seated on the wood
and surrounded by a black, circumscribing line, 2 cm. or more long,
either elongated, elliptical or orbicular at base, pulvinate, thick and
flattened above, or subconstricted at the base, with the orbicular disk
slightly concave, dark brown and rugose-corrugated outside, dark
gray, becoming black within. Perithecia irregularly distichous or
sometimes monostichous, ovate or oblong, often compressed, tolerably
large, with very thick, firm walls, subcrect, entirely sunk in the stroma,
with necks more or less elongated according to their position, and
small, not projecting, perforated ostioia. Asci cylindrical, sessile.
8-spored, 120x8-9 ju, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, fusoid, or ovoid, obtuse at the ends, straight or subinequi-
lateral, brown, 16-18 x5-7 /i.

On branches, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.); rather rare.

The stroma varies in size, 6-9 mm. long by 4-6 mm. broad, or
sometimes not more than 2 mm. broad, 2J-3 mill, thick, pulvinate and
flat or concave above. The above diagnosis is from Winter's Pilze.

624

B. Stroma convex.
N. Bulliardi, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 43. tab. V, figs. 11-19.

Hypoxylon nummularium, Bull. Champ, tab. 468, fig. 4.
Sphceria nummularia, DC. Flore Fr. II, p. 290.
Sphceria anthracina, Schm. & Kze. Mycol. Hefte, I, p. 55.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 85.— Rab. F. E. 2956.— Rehm Asc. 977.

Stroma at first covered by the epidermis, soon emergent, almost
superficial and free, convex, orbicular or oval, rarely of irregular
shape, sometimes broadly effused, black inside and outside, punctulate
from the slightly prominent ostiola, clothed at first with the rufo-ferru-
gineous conidial layer. Perithecia rather large, ovate, black, loosely
included in closely packed cells in the stroma, something as in Dal-
dinia concentrica. Asci cylindrical, briefly pedicellate, 100-115 x
10 ft, with very long and stout paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, ellip-
tical, hyaline at first, soon opake, 12-15 x7-9 fi.

Common on dead trunks and limbs of various deciduous trees
around Newfield, N. J. Mostly confined to dead oak.

The hymemum in this species, as in Hypoxylon Petersii, B. & C.
is at first covered by a carnose-coriaceous membrane, which soon dis-
appears, except around the margin.

N. glycyrrhiza, (B. & C.)

Hypoxylon glycyrrhiza, B. & C. Exot. Fungi, Schw. p. 285.
Nummularia glycyrrhiza, Sacc. Syll. 1541. — Cke. Syn. 822.

Suborbicular, thin (about 1 mm.), 3-5 cm. diam., convex, marked
in the center by the papilliform ostiola which are depressed in the
center. Perithecia oblong, f mm. in height, crowded. Asci (p. sp.)

40x5//. SjLtrr, ^U^jMlc ^ ^.rurv. r ^-/o^tr

On bark, Ohio (Morgan, No. 284).

Differs from N. Bulliardi, which it resembles, in its closely
packed perithecia and umbilicate ostiola, as well as in its smaller spo-
ridia. The Ohio specimen agrees with one in Herb. Schw.

N. obularia, (Fr.)

Hypoxylon obularium, Fr. Nova Symb. p. 130.
Nummularia obularia, Sacc. Syll. 1540.

Immersed, erumpent, at length broadly effused, determinate, not
polished, stroma black, perithecia immersed, oblong. Ostiola hemi-
spheric-subprominent, umbilicate.

On dead trunks, Costa Rica (Oersted).

Closely allied to N. Bulliardi, Tub, but differs in having its
stroma connate with the matrix and inseparable from it, at first sub-
rotund, then concrescent in a continuous crust, generally elongated.

625

•and ostiola depressed. The specimens examined by Fries were old,
and no trace of asci or sporidia remained. As far as one can judge
from the diagnosis, this and the preceding species can hardly be
distinct.

N. microplaca, (B. & &)

Diatrype microplaca, B. & C. Journ. Linn. Soc. X, p. 586.
Anthostoma microplacum, Sacc. Syll. 1112.
Nummularia microplaca, Cke. Syn. 837.

Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 39.— Rav. F. Am. 355.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1555,

Stroma much the same as in N. hyjjophloea, orbicular, £-1 cm.
across or elongated 1-2 x J-l cm., thin, crustaceo-carbonaceous, black,
originating beneath the epidermis, but soon bare, surface even, faintly
punctulate from the minute ostiola, which are not prominent but
slightly depressed, as in Nummularia punctulata, the opening at first
filled with white farinaceous matter. Perithecia ovate-globose, small
(less than § mm.), monostichous. Asci (p. sp.) about 25 x3 /i, or with
the short base, 45-50 /a long. Sporidia uniseriate, ends mostly slightly
overlapping, subinequilaterally elliptical, pale brown, 4|-5 x 2-2 1 /i.

On Sassafras officinale, South Carolina (Ravenel), and Ohio
(Morgan and Kellerman); on Persea, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

Sec. Berkeley iV. hypophlcea has larger ostiola and narrower
sporidia. This is true as to the ostiola, but as regards the sporidia the
case is exactly the opposite. The wood beneath the stroma is stained
with the same olive-yellow color as in the next species, to which this i-
closely allied, but differs as stated.

N. hypophlcea, (B. & Rav.)

Diatrype hypophlcea, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 95.
Anthostoma hypophlosum, Sacc. Syll. 1137.
Nummularia hypophlcea, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 7.
Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 38— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1554.

Stroma thin, suborbicular, |-1 cm. across, slate-color, originating
beneath the cuticle which is soon thrown off, slightly convex, and
faintly papillose from the slightly projecting ostiola. Stains the sub-
jacent wood yellowish or yellowish-olive. Perithecia in a single layer,
ovate-globose, small {\ mm.), abruptly contracted above into a slender
neck piercing the superficial, carbonaceous layer of the stroma,
slender (100x4 //), with a thread-like base, p. sp. 55-60 /i long. Spo-
ridia uniseriate, lying mostly end to end, narrow-elliptical, pale brown,
2-nucleate, about 7 x 2|-3 //.

N. subapiculata, E. & E. Journ. MycoL V, p. 23.

Subcuticular, erumpent, 1-2 cm. across, convex. 1 mm. thick. <>i
79

626

a little more in the center, with the sterile margin thinner. Ostiola
slightly papillose, prominent like those of Nummularia Bulliardi.
Perithecia monostichous, oblong, about J mm. high, closely packed, and
more or less laterally compressed. Asci cylindrical, 90-100 /i (p. sp.),
with a short, stipitate base, and with long, stout paraphyses, as in
ffi. Bulliardi. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-navicular or inequi laterally
elliptical, pale yellowish-brown, 12-16x5-7 /i, mostly with a single
nucleus and a faint, bead-like apiculus at each end.

On bark, Kansas (Cragin).

N. liimpens, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 8.

Diatrype rumpens, Cke. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. I, p. 185.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 354.

Orbicular or elliptical, |-1 cm. diam., or by confluence 2 cm. or
over, and then more or less irregular in shape, thin, black, surrounded
by the ruptured epidermis, roughened by the slightly prominent ostiola.
Perithecia monostichous, ovate, £ mm. high. Asci cylindrical, 100-
115x10 [jl. Sporidia uniseriate, hyaline, then opake, elliptical, with
ends subacute or rounded, 12-15 x 7-9 f±.

On bark, Galveston Bay, Texas (Ravenel).

This description is drawn from the specimens in Rav. F. Am.
This seems to differ from N. Bulliardi in its less prominent ostiola
and rather more acutely pointed sporidia: nor are there, in the speci-
mens we have seen, any very perceptible remains of the overlying
membrane. In our collections are specimens of what appears to be
the same as those in F. Am., from British Columbia and Louisiana, as
well as several of the original Texas specimens from Dr. Ravenel.

N. exiitans, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 8.

Diatrype exutans, Cke. in Ann. N. Y. Acad. 1. c.

Broadly effused, black, subcuticular, soon erumpent, thin (about
\ mm.), papillose from the slightly prominent ostiola. Two or three
inches long, with an irregular outline, thinner than N. rumpens.
Perithecia monostichous, depressed-globose, less than | mm. diam. In
our specimen of this species from Dr. Ravenel, from his Texas collec-
tion, the asci have disappeared. The free sporidia are acutely ellip-
tical or almond-shaped, rather variable in size, 10-15x6-8 u.

On bark, Galveston Bay, Texas (Ravenel).

Differs from N. rumpens in its more broadly effused, thinner
stroma and depressed-globose perithecia.

627

N. punctulata, (B. & Rav.)

Diatrype punctulata, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 94.
- Hypoxylon punctulatum, Cke. Syn. 995.
Nnmmularia punctulata, Sacc. Syll. 1534.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Car. Ill, No. 51.— Rav. F. Am. 652.— Ell. N. A. F. 84.

Originating beneath the cuticle which is soon thrown off, closely
adnate, black, smooth and polished, effused and spreading for 5-20 cm.
or more, but not projecting above the bark. Ostiola punctiform,
depressed, appearing like minute punctures made with the point of a
pin, margin sterile, thin. Perithecia monostichous, elongated-ovoid,
rather more than J mm. high, covered above by the thin, carbonaceous
stroma. Asci cylindrical, with a slender base, 100 x 7 /i, with filiform
paraphyses, (p. sp. 75-80 p. long). Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical,
yellowish-hyaline, 2-nucleate, 7-8 x 5 /*, ends flattened while lying in
the asci. We have not seen them free, and cannot say whether they
become opake. The asci and sporidia are generally poorly developed.

On bark of dead oak, common.

N. tinctor, (Berk.)

Spheeria tinctor, Berk. Hook. I,ond. Journ. Bot. IV, p. 311.
Hypoxylon tinctor, Cke. Syn. 996.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1789.

Stroma effused, dull black, very hard, exhibiting all the ineqnah
ities of the matrix, 1 mm, thick, 5-20 cm. long, and 2-5 cm. wide.
margin thin and sterile, surface nearly smooth, but under the lens
distinctly papillose from the the slightly prominent ostiola. The sub-
jacent wood is deeply tinged orange-red, and is rendered very hard.
Perithecia monostichous, crowded, elongated (j mm.), covered above
with the hard, brittle, shining black stromatic layer. Asci 112 (p. sp.
90-1 00) x 7-8 p., with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia uni-
seriate, pale brown, with a single rather large nucleus, oblong-
navicular, 15x6 fi. with the ends subobtuse.

On dead trunks and limbs of various deciduous trees, from Ohio
west to Kansas, and south to Louisiana, Florida, and Texas.

The stroma originates under the cuticle which is soon thrown off.
The general appearance is that of H. punctulatum, B. & Rav., and it
has the same hard, brittle stroma as that species.

N. clypeus, (Schw.)

Sphceria clypeus, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 42.
Diatrype clypeus, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 95.
Nummularia clypeus, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 6.

Elliptical in outline, flattened, immersed, shining-black, roughened

628

by the conical, prominent ostiola, 2-6 mm. diam., margin surrounded
by the undulate-elevated substance of the wood. Asci cylindrical.
Sporidia elliptical, attenuated at each end, almond-shaped, continuous,
brown, 20 x 8 fi.

On branches of Catalpa7 <fcc, North America (Curtis); on oakT
South Carolina (Ravenel).

Schw. in Syn. N. Am. 1219, makes this a synonym of N. Bull-
iardi, which, externally, at least, it must closely resemble.

N. macula, (Schw.)

Sphczria macula, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 38.
Nummularia macula, Cke. Grev, XII, p. 6.

Suborbicular, erumpent, flattened-convex, black, marked with the
minute, punctiform ostiola. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia broad-oval,
dark brown, 12x9 p..

On bark of Platanus, Carolina (Schw.), much smaller than JV.
clypeus.

HYP0XYL0N, Bulliard.

Champignons, I, p. 168.

Stroma of woody -corky consistence, dark brown or black within
and without, free from the first or erumpent-superficial, sometimes
more or less sunk in the wood, globose, semiglobose or more or less
effused and crustaceous, at first covered by a conidial growth, finally
bare. Perithecia peripherical, in a single layer or sometimes in sev-
eral layers concentrically arranged, globose, ovate or oblong, cori-
aceous or corneo-coriaceous, sunk in the stroma, but generally with
the upper part more or less projecting, with a papilliform or umbilicate
ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical
or fusoid, inequilateral or curved, continuous, brown. (Winter in Die
Pilze).

A. Large, irregular , fibrous within. (Macroxylon) .

* Perithecia monostichous.

H. Broomeianum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 94.

Irregular in shape, suborbicular, 3-4 cm. diam., or oblong, 5-8 x
3-4 cm. and J-l cm. thick, convex, rusty drab color or dirty purplish,
surface more or less uneven, margin partially free, in some specimens
distinctly so, and then abrupt, black and indistinctly zonate. Peri-
thecia in a single superficial layer, elongated, more or less angular

629

from' compression, about 1 mm. long by i mDQ, wide, covered above
with a thin, stromatic layer which is pierced by the punctiform ostiola
as in Nummularia punctulata, B. & Raw Asci 100-110x6-7 fi.
(p. sp. 70-75 fi long). Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, navicular-oblong
or inequilaterally elliptical, rather pale brown, 2-nucleate, 10-14 x
4-5 ju. Substance of the stroma compact, light slate-color with a tinge
of umber and a silky luster when fractured.

On rotten wood, Louisiana (Langlois).

** Perithecia stratose.

H. ovinum, Berk. Grev. XI, p. 129.

Hemispherical or confluent-elongated, dark purple, hard, smooth,
subshining, dark within. Perithecia stratose, black, subglobose. Osti-
ola obsolete. Asci c}dindrical. Sporidia elliptical, dark, 16-18 xl /ul.

On wood, Orizaba, Mexico.

H. Petersii, B. & C. Journ. Linn. Soc. X, p. 384.

Stroma pulvinate, depressed-obconical, centrally attached with a
spreading margin, 3-4 x 2|-3 cm. across, covered at first by a thick,
coriaceo-membranaceous veil which soon disappears except around the
margin; substance corky-fibrous, hard, dull, umber-color, becoming
darker outside. Perithecia crowded in several layers, subglobose or
subelongated, J-J mm., with slender necks ending in distinctly promi-
nent, papilliform ostiola. Sporidia uniseriate or subbiseriate above,
narrowly-elliptical, brown, 6-8x3|-4//. Asci cylindrical, p. sp.
about 40 x 5 // or, including the slender base, 60 // long.

On rotten oak, Alabama (Peters), on dead wood, Cuba (Wright).
on oak logs, Ohio and Kentucky (Morgan).

The foregoing description is from Morgan's Ohio specimens.

which have been compared with specimens in Herb. Berk. In the

original description, in Linn. Journ., no mention is made of the thick.

membranaceous veil, which is a striking and unusual character.

B. Stroma superficial, globose or subglobose. (Sphceroxylon.)

* Externally colored, not black.

H. coccineum, Bull. Champ, p. 174. tab. 345, fig. 2.

Lycoperdon variolosum, L,in. Syst. Nat. Ed. XII, torn. Ill, Append. Veg. p. 204.
Valsa fragiformis, Scop. Carniol. II, p. 399.
Sphceria lycoperdoides, Weigel Obs. Bot. p. 47.
Sphceria rubra, Willd. Flora Berol. p. 415.
Sphceria radians, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 29.
Sphceria tuberculosa, Sow. Eng. Fungi, III, tab. 374, fig. 8.
Sphceria fragiformis, Pers. in Usteri. N. Ann. Bot. fasc. V, p. 21.
Sphceria bicolor, DC. Flor. Franc, II, p. 286.
Sphceria lateritia, DC. 1. c. VI, p. 137.

Stromatosphceria fragifor mis, Grev. Scott, Crypt. Flora, III, tab. 136.
F,xsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1056.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 145, 146.— Rab. F. E. 950.— Thuin. F.
Austr. 258.— EH. N. A. F. 117S.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. II, 466.

630

Stroma erumpent-superficial, sul (globose, generally from J-f cm.
diam., deep brick-red when mature, often paler when young, solitary
or subconfluent. Perithecia peripherical in a single layer, small, sub-
globose, slightly prominent. Asci cylindrical, spore-bearing part 70-
80 x 6-7 p, paraphyses abundant, simple. Sporidia uniseriate, opake,
inequilaterally elliptical, 10-12x4-5//.

Generally on bark of dead beech trees, but also on oak, willow,
birch, and some other trees.

Common throughout the United States and Canada, as well as in
Europe. This and the next species are often accompanied by an
abnormal growth (Institute acariforme, Fr.) consisting of a spreading
fringe of somewhat flattened, ochraceous or rust-colored, more or less
branched processes surrounding the base of the stroma, and about
equal in length to its diameter, and bearing an abundance of very
minute, obovate, subhyaline conidia. Whether this should be con-
sidered the true conidial stage of the Hypoxylon is doubtful, as its
occurrence is exceptional. The case is in some respects analogous to
that of Sphceria flabelliformis, Schw. and the Xylaria from which it
springs, but with this difference: the affected Xylaria is always
abortive, while the Hypoxylon surrounded with its conidial fringe
matures its fruit.

H. Howeianum, Pk. 24th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 98.

Stroma depressed-globose, 5-15 mm. across, light brick-red, nearly
smooth, but punctate from the minute, black ostiola, solitary or subcon-
fluent. Perithecia peripherical, monostichous, minute, ovate, \-\ mm.
high. Asci (spore-bearing part) 45-50x5 p, with a slender, thread-
like base, 35 p. long. Sporidia uniseriate, opake, subinequilaterally
elliptical, 6-7 x 3-3J p.

On dead limbs of deciduous trees, New York (Peck), on Ostrya
Virginica, Iowa (Hoi way), on dead standing shrubs and fallen limbs
of oak, New Jersey (Ellis), on dead limbs, Pennsylvania (Everhart &
Rau), Ohio (Morgan), Nebraska (Miss L. S. Doud).

The substance of the stroma is of a blue-black color, and a vertical
section shows a radiate-librous structure with one or two faint con-
centric zones. The interior of the stroma in H. coccinewm is homo-
geneous in structure, and of an even gray-black color. That species
is also distinguished from this, by its smaller stroma roughened by the
slightly projecting perithecia (J-J mm. diam.), and by its larger asci
and sporidia. In the Nebraska specimens the perithecia are distinctly
prominent, but in other respects they do not differ from the normal
form.

H. commutatum, Nitschke, var. Holwayanum, S. & E., Mich. IIr
p. 570; Sacc. SylL 5969.

631

Stroma erumpent-superficial, solitary or subconfluent, subglobose,
hemispherical or oblong, J-f cm. across, dull purplish-red, becoming
black, grayish-black within, roughened by the distinctly prominent,
ovate, monostichous, fx§ mm. perithecia. Asci (p. sp.) 75-80 x
7-8 jut, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, opake, in-
equilaterally-elliptical, 10-12 x4±-5f p (12-14 x 6-6 J /x, Sacc).

On bark of dead oak, Decorah, Iowa, and on bark of dead plum
trees, and (maple)? Vermillion Lake, Minn. (Holway).

According to Saccardo, the perithecia are larger and more promi-
nent than in the typical form, which is described- by Nitechke as
having the stroma pulvinate, depressed, rarely hemispherical or nearly
globose, solitary or connate, with globose, crowded, subdistichoos
peripherical perithecia, and sporidia 10-12x6/*. The smaller Btro-
mata resemble those of H.fuscum, from which it is distinguished by
its smaller sporidia. From H. multiforme, it is distinguished by its
rather larger, darker sporidia.

H. enteromelum, (Schw.)

Sphcsria enteromela, Schw. Journ. Acad. Phila. Vol. V, p. 10.

Stromata pulvinate, often longitudinally confluent for six inches
in length, rusty-red, surface not granulated, variable in shape, sub-
compressed, very black within, covered above with a furfuraceous.
pulverulent, rust-colored bark. Immersed in the stroma are a few
perithecia of larger size, the others being minute, peripherical, globose
and black. The stroma stains the inner bark black. In the nature of
the outer layer of the stroma, this is allied to H. coccineum.
Cooke in Grev. XI, p. 123, the sporidia are 10 x 4 p..

Erumpent from cracks in the bark of dead chestnut trees, Beth-
lehem, Pa. (Schw). Rather rare.

H. Vera Cruris, Berk. & Cke. Grev. XI, p. 129.

Subglobose, superficial, often confluent, 1-2 cm. diam.. brig] it
rust-color, sooty black within. Perithecia of medium size, ovate,
peripherical, somewhat prominent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia ellip-
tical, attenuated at each end, brown, 20x8 a.

On rotten wood, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Salle).

fl. quadratum, (Schw,)

Sphceria quadrata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1223.

Stroma round, flattened-pul vitiate, reddish-black, 2-3 mm. diam.,
margin abrupt all round. Perithecia scarcely prominent Ostiola
papilliform. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, brown, continuous, 16-
20 x 8-10 //.

632

On the bark of various species of Rhus, around Bethlehem, Pa.

The above notes are from the spec, in Herb. Schw. The diagnosis
given in Syn. N. Am. is as follows: Thick, elevated, abbreviated,
more or less four-sided, often irregularly sublobate, base attached to
the bark, with the margin rather acute, flattened-undulate and rough
above. Perithecia rather large, pyriform, deeply immersed, but not
sunk to the base of the whitish stroma, slightly prominent above.
Ostiola very short, open, perforated ; stroma at first dirty-olive, then
black. The small stromata are so narrow and thick as to resemble
a thick-stemmed Peziza. It is evident that the specc. issued in
N. A. F. and elsewhere as Diatrype quadrata, Schw., cannot be the
species here described.

H. argillaceum, (Pers.)

Sphceria argillacea, Pers. Syn. p. 10.
Hypoxylon argillaceum, Berk. Outl. p. 387.
Kxsicc. Rab. F. E. 247.

Stromata erumpent-superficial, subglobose, solitary, rarely con-
nate, clay-color, becoming black within. Perithecia in a single layer
(monostichous), rarely irregularly polystichous, ovate, small, crowded,
somewhat prominent, minutely mammillose, conidial layer white,
becoming stag-color or clay-color; conidia small, ovate, hyaline on
long, sparingly branched, septate sterigmata. Asci cylindrical, with
very long, slender pedicels, spore-bearing part 140x16 p.. Par-
aphyses simple, thread-like, longer than the asci. Sporidia uniseriate,
broad ovate, elliptical or subinequilateral, obtuse, opake, 18-22 x
9-10 ju, (22-24 x 10-12 fi. Sacc. in Syll).

On trunks of ash ; more rarely on beech and birch, Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schw.), Canada (Maclagan), on beech, New York (Peck).

This species, of which we have seen no specimens except those
sent from England by Dr. Plowright, seems to be easily recognized by
its clay-colored stroma and large sporidia.

H. notatum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 50.

EJxsicc. Rav. F. Car. IV, No. 36.

" Perithecia few, rather large, crowded into a little pulvinate mass
clothed with rubiginous powder. Ostiola at length prominent, trun-
cate, with a central perforation. The sporidia, which are shortlj
cymbaeform, vary a little in size."

On bark of Celtis, Carolina (Ravenel), on Viburnum, Pennsyl-
vania (Michener).

In the specimens in Rav. Exsicc. (the only ones we have seen),
the little pulvinate, erumpent stroma are 1-2 mm. across/each con-

L-

y

633

taining 2-6 perithccia having thick, coriaceous walls, and about J mm.
diam. The asci are surrounded by abundant paraphyses, and have the
spore-bearing part 55-60x8 // long. Sporidia uniseriate, short cymbi-
form, opake, 12-14x8 //, as noted by Cke. in Grev. XI, p. 123. The
interior of the stroma shows a slight yellowish tint, like that of H,
Sassafras, Schw., but not as distinct. The substance of the stronui i-
quite soft, almost carnose.

H, fiiscum, (Pers.)

Spkczria fusca, Pers. Syn. p. 12.
SphcEria fragiformis, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 20.
Splusria confluens, Willd. Flora Berol. p. 416.
Sphczria tuberculosa, Bolt. Fungi Hal. p. 123.
SphcEria castorea, Tode Fungi Meckl. II, p. 28.
Spfuzria Coryli and S. glomerata, DC. Fl. Fr. II, p. 287.
Hypoxylon fuscum, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 384.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1054.— Rab. F. E. 628.— Rehm Asc. 221.— Sydotf, M. March. 165.
Thum. F. Austr, 664.— id. M. U. 1861.— EH. N. A. F. 678.— Desm. Pi. Cr. Ed. I, 476.
Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 246, Ser. II, 467.

Stroma ta erumpent-superficial, solitary or subconnate, depr<
pulvinate or hemispherical, generally 1-3 mm. diam.. dark purplish-
red, finally black, somewhat uneven from the slightly projecting small,
closely packed, irregularly monostichous, subglobose perithecia with
minute, mammilliform ostiola. Conidia very minute, borne singly nt
the extremities of short, sparingly branched sterigmata. Asci cylin-
drical, on long pedicels, spore-bearing part 80-90 x 7-8 ft. Parapl
filiform. Sporidia uniseriate, subincquilaterally el liptical, opake and.
in the specimens examined, 11-14x5-6 //, (12-16x5-7 fjt, Sacc).

On dead alder, birch, hazel, beech and other deciduous trees,
common throughout the United States and Canada,

H. botrys, Nitsch, Pyr. Germ. p. 34.

Sphteria bolryosa, Fckl. in F. Rh. 959.

Stromata erumpent, aggregated and subconnate or oi'tener tuber
culiform, 1-2 mm. diam., consisting of simple aggregations of peritheck
with very little stromatic material interposed, golden-yellow at first,
finally biack, about \ mm. diam., about \ of the upper part of the
perithecia projecting. Asci cylindrical, 8-Spored, with fililbrm par-
aphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, narrow-elliptical, brown, n
nucleate, 12-14x5-7 /*. The inner substance of the bark under the
stroma is whitened.

On bark of a dead willow tree, Pointe a la Hache, La. (Langlois).

We have no authentic specimens of this specie, but the Louisiana
specimens agree so well with the description of H. botrys, Nits., that
we have little hesitation in referring them to it.
80

634

H. bicolor, E. & E. Jcrara. Mycol. II, p. 88.

Stroma tubercular-hemispherical, about 2 mm. across, scattered,
somewhat uneven from the slightly prominent perithecia, dull ferru-
ginous-purple, becoming- darker within, yellow, becoming darker with
age. Ostiola impressed, punctiform. Perithecia subperipherical, closely
packed, about \ mm. diam. Asci narrow-cylindrical, with a slender
base, about 100 x 6 p. Sporidia in a single series, narrow-elliptical or
subnavicular, pale yellowish at first, then opake, 1-2-nueleate, 9-12 x
3 \-A | p, ends subacute.

On dead limbs of Quercus virens, Pointe a la Hache, La. (Lang-
lois).

Allied to IT. fuscum, but differs in its impressed ostiola and
smaller stroma yellow inside. Sec. Cooke, in Grev. XI, p. 127,
Hypoxylon bicolor, B. & C, is a Diatrype.

** Stroma externally black.
H. multiforme, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 384.

Sphczria multiformis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 334.
Sphczria peltata, DC. Flore Fr. II, p. 287.
Hypoxylon granulosum, Bull. Champ, p. 176, tab. 487, fig. 2.
Sphczria rubiformis, Pers. Syn. p. 9.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1052.— Rab. F. F. 919.— Thutn. M. U. 1660, 2174.— Kll. N. A. F. 575.
Desm. Pi. Cr. Ed. I, 1251.— L,in. F. Hung. 181. — Sydow, M. March. 1451, 2954.

Stroma erumpent and often margined by the ruptured bark, of
various shapes, but on birch usually transversely elongated, oblong or
elliptical, somewhat flattened above, 1-1 J cm. long by £-f cm. wide,
or by confluence 4 or more cm. long, dull rusty-red at first, finally
black and smooth. Perithecia irregularly monostichous, rather large,
globose, distinctly prominent, with papilliform ostiola. Conidial layer
dirty yellowish, becoming darker, conidia very small, obovate. Asci
cylindrical, on long pedicels, spore-bearing part 70-90 x 6 p. Par-
aphyses slender, simple, longer than the asci. Sporidia uniseriate,
inequilateral-oblong, pale brown, 9-10 J x 3 J p (10-12 x4-5 p, Sacc).

On dead birch, New Hampshire (Farlow), New York (O. F.
Cook), Michigan (Miss Minns), Minnesota (Holway), Canada (Macoun).
Alnus, Sorbus, Quercus, and Gastanea are also given as habitats of
this species.

Specimens on Alnus, sent from British Columbia by Dr. Macoun,
have the stroma depressed-hemispherical, 1-| cm. across, and the peri-
thecia less prominent, but the asci and sporidia are the same. This is
a widely-diffused species, being found throughout Europe, also in
Kamtschatka and the elevated region of Nepal in Central Asia. Its
range appears to be northward. It is generally found on limbs from

635

which the bark has not yet fallen, but is also said to grow on decorti-
cated limbs and is then more effused. The specimens we have seen of
this effused form seem rather to belong to H. rubignosum.

H. malleolus, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 49.

Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 32.— Kll. N. A. F. 861.— Rav. F. Am. 181.

Stroma globose, sessile, 1J cm. diam., black, ornamented by the
papillose ostiola, each sunk in a shallow, circular depression about
J mm. across. A vertical section of the stroma shows the same radiate-
fibrous, -subzonate structure and shining black color seen in H,
Howeianum. Perithecia peripherical, oval or elliptical in outline,
forming a layer about 1 mm. thick, which readily separates from the
inner mass of the stroma. The asci (which appear to be evanescent)
have, in our specimens, disappeared, but there is an abundance of
brown, fusoid, nearly straight sporidia, 18-22 x3-3£ //, ends suit
obtuse.

On oak trees, Carolina (Ravenel), Florida (Martin, Calkins, and
Rau).

H. Murrayi. B. & €. Grev. IV, p. 49.

" Gregarious, subglobose, a line or more broad, black without and
within, densely papillose with the minute ostiola. It resembles ex-
ternally H, bomba, Mont., except the densely papillose surface.'1
Sporidia sec. Cke. in Grev. XI, p. 123, 13-15 x 5-7 fit.

On dead bark, Massachusetts (Murray).

H. glomiforme. B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 49.

" Gregarious, hemispherical, nearly J inch wide, at first clothed
with ferruginous powder, then black and shining, even. Perithecia
hidden without any external trace of ostiola. Stroma dark brown."
Sporidia sec. Cke. Grev. 1. c. 14-15 x3J p..

On bark of Quercus nigra, Connecticut (Wright).

H. coluereus, (Pers.)

Spharia cokarens, Pers. Syn. p. n.
Hypoxylon cohczrens, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 42.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1053.— Rab. F. E. 918.— Thum. F. Austr. 1267.— Rav. Fungi Car. Ill,
48.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 666.— Rav. F. Am. 651.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 217.

Stromata erumpent-superficial, 2-4 mm. diam., gregarious or
crowded, and often confluent, hemispherical or globose, mostly flat-
tened above, at first dirty-brown, becoming nearly black. Perithecia
in a single layer, 6-10 in a stroma, rather large and distinctly pronii-

636

nent, with papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored, p. sp. about
22x6//. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate, inequilateral, brown, 10-12 x
4-6 fju

On bark of dead beech trees, common. .

The conidial hymenium, which clothes the young stromata, is of
a pale clay-color, becoming cinereous. Conidia obovate-subglobose,
very small. The species is widely diffused and is found also on oakr
Nyssa and maple. A small form, var. minor, is mentioned on decay-
ing Polyporus in Borneo. In the old and blackened state, this species
resembles outwardly some forms of H. coccineum, Bull., from which
it differs in its smaller, connate stromata and larger perithecia, and in
the different color of the young stroma.

H. turbinulatum, (Schw.)

Sphceria turbinulata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1204.

Turbinate-pulvinate, applanate, subconfluent, but with the stro-
mata (pulvinuli) always distinct. Perithecia larger than usual, not
peripheric but scattered through the entire stroma even to the base ;
external surface granulated, pulverulent, rugose with the minute,
rather prominent ostiola. Stroma scanty, dirty whitish. Stromata
arranged in a seriate manner so as to bear some resemblance to Hebrew
letters, and seated on a black crust which overspreads the bark.

On beech wood, Mt. Pocono, Pa. (Schweinitz), Ohio (Morgan),
New York (Fairman).

H. Bagnisii, Sacc, can hardly be distinct from this. The spec,
in Herb. Schw. has the stromata subturbinate, 3-4 mm. diam., flat-
tened-convex above, mammillose from the slightly projecting perithecia.
Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 40-45 x 5-6 fi, Sporidia uniseriate, navicular-
elliptical, dark brown, 8-10 x 3|-4J fi. Cooke in Grev. makes them
12 x 3 1 jut. The species very much resembles outwardly H. cohcerens,
Pers., only the stromata are more prominent and mostly a little
narrowed below.

H. teres, (Schw.)

Sphceria teres, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1178, new Am. Sph. Journ. Acad. p. 10.

tab. II, fig. 7.
Hypoxylon teres, Sacc. Syll. 1493, Cke. Syn. 896.

Pulvinate, sub terete-cylindrical, apex obtuse, rounded, surface
tuberculose-undulate, rust-colored. Stroma sooty-black, surrounded
and roughened by the immersed, peripherical perithecia. The cylin-
drical, pulvinulate, scattered stromata are about 3 lines high and 1J
lines thick. In some respects allied to H. rubiginosum.

On bark, locality unknown.

The spec, in Herb. Schw. is too imperfect to give an idea even
of the outside appearance of this species.

637

Stroma pulvinate, more or less convex, but not effused. (Cli-

toxylon).

* Stroma externally colored, not black.

H. xanthocreas, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 51.

Hypoxylon Peckianum, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 360.

" At first distinct, pulvinate, then by confluence forming a mass
half an inch broad, black, papillate from the projection of the minute
perithecia. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, .0003 of an
inch long." (10x5//, Cke.).

On alder, New York (Peck), New England (Sprague).

Peck, in 31st Rep. p. 49, says: "Our specimens (on prostrate,
dead alders) agree with those received from Dr. Curtis under this
name, but they do not agree with the description of the species as
published in Grevillea. In our specimens the young plant is covered
with a compact, yellow, conidiiferous stratum bearing elliptical conidia
4-5 fi long. As the stroma increases in size, it becomes naked above
and of a purple-brown or chestnut color, which contrasts beautifully
with the yellow margin. When old, it becomes darker, but we have
not seen it black, as described. The surface is generally irregular or
uneven. The stroma is whitish or pallid within, but near the surface
it is yellow. The sporidia vary from 10-15 // long."

The specimens of this species in Rav. Car. V, No. 57, have the
stroma 3-4 mm. broad, brown above with the margin and inside
yellow. Asci (p. sp.) about 60 x 6 /i, with a slender, stipitate base of
about the same length. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, pale brown.
7-9 x 4-5 ft. There does not seem to be much doubt that the speci-
mens found by Peck in New York are the genuine II. xanthocreas.

H. epiphloeum, B. & C. Grev. IY, p. 52.

The early conidial .stage consists of small (1-2 mm.), thin patches
of brick-red tomentum consisting of erect hyphae subopposirdy
branched above and minutely roughened, bearing ovate, hyaline,
3-3| x 2J fi conidia. In the midst of these conidial patches soon
appear small clusters of 3-12 perithecia |-1 mm. diam., and either
scattered singly, or more or less connate, the different groups or
clusters more or less confluent but not continuous, covered at first with
the brick-red, conidial layer, then bare and black. Asci cylindrical.
80 x 4| //, (spore-bearing part about 60 p. long). Sporidia uniseriate,
navicular, deep brown, 7-8x3 p.. The perithecia have a distinct
papilliform ostiolum.

On Magnolia glauca, Carolina (Ravenel), New Jersey (Ellis).

638

H. suborbiculare, Pk. 30th Rep. p. 63.

" Stroma thin, flattened, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, growing from the inner bark, purplish-brown, then black,
the surface slightly uneven as if areolate-rimose. Perithecia monos-
tichous, subglobose. Ostiola sunken, perforate, sometimes whitish.
Spores unequally elliptical, colored, .0004-.0005 of an inch long.'7
Mr. Peck considers this an ally of H. Laschii, Nits.

On bark of Acer saccharinum, New York (Peck). Different
from H. suborbiculare, Welw. & Curr., and with that probably refer-
able to Nummularia.

H. Morsei, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 51.

Hypoxylon Blaket, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 52.
Hypoxylon pauperatum, Karst. Enutn. Fungi Lapp. p. 211.
SphcBria mammata, Nyl. Not. pro Fauna & Flora Fenn. p. 88.
Kxsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2070, 2609.— Ell. N. A. F. 1181.— Rab. F. E- 2955.

Stroma erumpent, orbicular, 3-5 mm. diam., closely embraced by
the ruptured epidermis, flattened above, brownish-black and papillose
from the prominent ostiola, surrounded by a black, circumscribing line.
Perithecia large (about 1 mm.), submonostichous, mostly only slightly
prominent, 4-15 in a stroma. Asci linear-cylindrical, 110-120 x 12 ju.
Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, brown, 1-2-nucleate, 17-22 x
8-10 jul.

On Alnus, Maine (Blake), New Hampshire (Mrs. Harrison), New
York (Peck); on Pyrus Malus, Carpinus, and Betula, Iowa (Holway).

The Iowa specimens on birch have the stroma elliptical and
larger (1 x 1| cm.) and the perithecia have a tendency to crack away
from each other and separate.

H. decorticatum, (Schw.)

Sphczria decorticata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1179.
Hypoxylon decorticatum, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 50.

Subpulvinate, flattened when on the wood, less so on the bark,
surface rusty-gray and densely covered with rough, sphaeriiform tuber-
cles resembling ostiola, so as to appear roughened with black granules.
Perithecia peripherical in several layers, ovate-globose, immersed in
the dark rust-colored stroma. Pulvinuli subrotund or irregular, about
5 mm. across, often confluent. Sporidia (sec. Cke. in Grev. XI, p. 123)
12-14 x 4 fi.

On wood and bark, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), New England
(Torrey). - .

The spec, of this species in Herb. Schw. has sporidia 8-10 x 4£ /if
and has the same general appearance as H. perforatum, (Schwv).

639

H. pruinatum, (Klotszch).

SphcEria pruinata, Kl. in Iyinnaea, 1883, p. 489.
Rosellinia pruinata, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 259.
Hypoxylon Holwayii, Ell. in Am. Nat. Feb. 1883, p. 193.
Hypoxylon pruinatum, Cke. Syn. 925.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1182.

Stroma \-\ cm. diam., rather thin, orbicular, black within, sur-
face covered with a white-pruinose coat, except the projecting, acutely
papillose, black ostiola. Perithecia in a single layer, 20-30 in each
stroma. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, brown, 1-2-
nucleate, 22-27 x 11 //, resembling the sporules of a Sphmropsis.

On the bark of trees, North America (Dr. Richardson), on the
bark of dead poplars, Iowa (Holway).

In the Iowa specc, surrounding the stroma and standing out
obliquely like a coarse fringe, are short, coarse, black, bristle-like
teeth, like the teeth of a Hydnum or Irpex. This curious growth
also arises from the surface of the inner bark for some distance around
the stroma, soon throwing on0 the epidermis and leaving the blackened
surface of the inner bark exposed. This growth is analogous to that
of Institale acariforme, Fr., in connection with Hypoxylon coccin-
eum.

We have not seen the original specc. of H pruinatum, KL. but
as the peculiarity just mentioned seems to be the only character sepa-
rating H. Holwayii from that species, we have placed the latter as a
synonym, as has been done by Cooke in his synopsis, No. 925. The
conidiiferous growth around the stroma may be only accidental, as it
was not found in all the specimens.

** Stroma externally black.
H. leucocreas, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 51.

" Small, about \ a line across, black, papillate from the projection
of the perithecia. Stroma snow-white. Asci linear. Sporidia in a
single row, minute, elliptical, brown." Sporidia (sec. Cke. in Grev.)
5 x 2i pt.

On limbs of oak, South Carolina (Ravenel).

H. exiguum, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 130.

"Pulvinate, convex-applanate, black, oval or discoid (2-3 mm.
broad), here and there confluent. Perithecia minute, numerous, papil-
late. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia very minute, elliptical, dark, 3| s
A most distinct species, easily recognized by the exceedingly minute
sporidia, which are a little larger in the American specimens."

On rotten wood, Alabama and Carolina, also in Mauritius.

640

H. pallidum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 68.

Perithecia globose, about 1 mm, diam., suberose-coriaceous, con-
nate in tuberculiform clusters 2-5 mm. diam., of a coffee-brown color,
smooth, but uneven from the slightly projecting, flattened apices of the
perithecia, which have a small, black, papillose ostiolum surrounded
by a light-colored ring. Stroma scarcely any except as formed by
the connate walls of the perithecia. Asci cylindrical, 150 x 6 //, in-
cluding the substipitate base, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia
uniseriate, navicular, opake, about 12x6 //.

On bark of dead oak limbs, Catahoula, La. (Langlois, No. 1273).

H. marginatum, (Schw.)

Sphczria marginata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1176.
Sphczria durissima, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 46.
Hypoxylon durissimum, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 131.

Sphczria truncala, Schw. Syn. Car. 174 (fide Cke. Grev. XV, p. 80).
Hypoxylon marginatum, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 49.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 471 (sub nomine H. annulati) .—EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser.
2352.— Rav. Fungi Car. I, No. 47. — Rav. F. Am. 182.

Stroma pulvinate, 1-3 cm. across, or by confluence more than
that, convex-hemispherical, covered at first with the olivaceous conidial
layer, finally black, surface slightly roughened by the projecting peri-
thecia with their black, papilliform ostiola, which arise from the center
of a small, flat, circular depression or disk which, however, does not
appear in the earlier stage of growth. Perithecia monostichous, peri-
pherical, about 2 mm. diam., ovate. Asci cylindrical, 75-80 x 6-7 //.
Sporidia uniseriate, navicular, brown, 7-9 x 3-3 J p. (mostly 7-8 jj. long).
This has been issued in Ravenel's Fungi Car. Ex. Fasc. I, No. 47, and
in Ellis' N. A. F. No. 362, as Hypoxylon annulatum, Schw., but it
agrees with specimens of Sphceria marginata, Schw., in Herb. Schw.,
at Philadelphia, and also with the description of that species in Syn.
N. Am. The S. marginata, in Fries7 Elenchus, II, p. 69, is evidently
a different thing — probably, as Saccardo, in Syll. I, No. 371, suggests,
Nummularia discreta, Schw.

On dead limbs and trunks, from Maine to Florida and west to
Ohio.

- H. annulatum, (Schw.)

Sphceria annulata, Schw. in Fr. Elench. II, p. 64, and in Schw. New Am. Sph,

p. 11, tab. 2, fig. 8.
Hypoxylon annulatum, Mont. Syll. Crypt, p. 213.
Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 472.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser, 2353.— Rav. F. Am. 183.

Stroma hemispheric-tuberculiform (about J cm. across) or irregu-
larly effused and interruptedly confluent-tuberculose, purplish-black.

641

Perithecia subglobose, monostichous, large (1 mm.), from J-J of the
upper part free, finally annulate-truncate above, with the black, papil-
liform ostiolum in the center of the truncate disk. Asci narrow-
cylindrical, (p. sp.) 75 x 6 i± or, including the slender base, 100-112 fi
long. Sporidia oblong-navicular, uniseriate, brown, mostly 2-nucleate,
7-9 x 3 1 fji, with their extremities rather more obtuse than in the pre-
ceding species. Var. b. depressa, Fr. 1. c, appears to be the effused
form above mentioned. This species is not mentioned in Schw. Syn.
N. Am. It is readily distinguished from H. marginatum by its larger
perithecia, much more prominent and sometimes nearly free, and its
smaller, purplish- black stromata. No. 182 in Rav. F. Am. (in the
copies we have seen) is H. marginatum.

On dead limbs, and having about the same range as the preceding
species.

The conidial stage is Verticillium puniceum, C. & E. Grew
XVIII, p. 68. Tufts scarlet, elliptical, pulvinate, often confluent in
patches 1 cm. in extent. Hyphae slender, branching, septate ; branches
verticillate, short, tinged with rose-color. Conidia elliptical, minute,
continuous, profuse, hyaline, 4 x 2 fi. The perithecia appear in the
midst of these conidial tufts, and are at first covered by them.

H. obesum, Fr. Nova Symb. p. 129.

Hard-carbonaceous, bare, black. Stroma slightly exceeding the
short, very thick stipe, of radiate structure and cinereous-black within.
Perithecia immersed, peripherical, bullate-prominent. Ostiolo papil-
late, surrounded by an elevated, orbicular margin. Fries, who de-
scribed this species from a single specimen, says it is allied to H.
annulatum, that it is very hard, an inch high and, at least when
mature, quite bare, glabrous and shining black. The sterile base or
stipe is \ an inch high, rugose outside and attenuated below, covered
above with a horizontal, slightly convex layer of globose, immersed,
monostichous, bullate-prominent perithecia, like an immarginate pileus
an inch across. The bull ate projections of the perithecia are sur-
rounded with a prominent orbicular margin, and in the middle of this
circular area emerge the papilliform ostiola. The specimen seen by
Fries was old and entirely without sporidia.

On trunks, in Costa Rica (Oersted).

H. Sassafras, (Schw.)

Sphceria Sassafras, Schw. Syn . Car. No. 87.
Hypoxylon Sassafras, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 54.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 473.— Rav. F. Am. 345.— Rav. F. Car. I, No. 53.— Rab. F. E. 3459-

Perithecia large (1J mm.), the internal cavity nearly 1 mm. diam.,
81

642

occurring either singly and quite evenly scattered over the matrix or
loosely aggregated in clusters or groups of 3-8 perithecia standing
side by side, their bases united in a thin stroma of a dirty brownish-
black outside, and rusty-yellow within, with ^-| their upper part free,
subtruncate above, with a minute, papilliform ostiolum. Asci, includ-
ing the slender base, 110-120 x 4 //. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, pale
brown, 1-2-nucleate, 7-9 x3 p.. Paraphyses filiform, abundant.

On dead limbs and trunks of Sassafras, from New York to Florida,
and west to Ohio, mostly on the bark, but also on the wood.

fl. smilacicolum, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 31.

"Small, black, pulvinate, roundish or elliptical, irregular when
confluent. Perithecia subglobose. Asci cylindrical or subclavate.
Sporidia brown, subcymbiform, 15-20 x 7 J ju, usually with several
nuclei.

On dead stems of Smilax. The sporidia are rarely elliptical at
maturity, but sometimes pointed at both extremities."

H. culmoruni, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 51.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 351.— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2116.

Stroma convex, 2-4 mm. across, olive-gray, then black, at first
nearly even, then tuberculose from the projecting perithecia, finally
deciduous, appearing first as olive-gray, appressed, thin, rather indefi-
nitely limited patches 2-4 mm. across, consisting of closely-packed,
erect, subsimple, brownish hyplrne 15-20 x 2-2 J //, bearing at their
tips oblong or ovate-elliptical, hyaline conidia 4-6 x 2-2| p.. These
patches soon become tuberculose from the scattered, incipient peri-
thecia (3-15 in number), soon enclosed in the dull black stroma, whose
surface is tuberculose-roughened by their obtuse, projecting apices.
In the specimens in Rav. F. Am. 351, the perithecia are mostly soli-
tary but still enclosed in a stroma more or less distinct. The inner
cavity of the perithecia is \-\ mm. diam. Asci subcylindrical, 75-
85 x 8-10 p (p. sp.), with a short stipitate base and with evanescent
paraphyses. Sporidia oblong-navicular or fusoid-navicular, mostly
obliquely uniseriate, 2-3-nuclcate, brown, 15-18 x 6 ju. Resembles in
some respects H. Sassafras, Schw.

On dead culms of Arundinaria, Georgia (Ravenel), Florida
(Calkins), Louisiana (Langlois).

H. polyspermum, Mont. Syll. Crypt. No. 736.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. Nos, 346 and 347— Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1788.

Stroma effused, applanate, abruptly limited, of a purplish rust-

643

color, becoming black, outline irregular, mostly elongated (3x1 cm.)
and about 1 or 1^ mm. thick, surface even or subtuberculose, closely
papillate from the abundant ostiola, which are surrounded by an
annular depressed area as in H. marginatum, and H. annulatum,
smaller, however, as well as the perithecia themselves, than in either
of these species. Asci narrow-cylindrical, about 40 x 4 // (p. sp.).
Sporidia oblong-elliptical, uniseriate, 4-5 x 1 \-1 jul, pale brown, some-
times a little bulging on one side. Perithecia monostichous, J mm. or
less in diam. The general appearance is that of H. rubiginosum,
from which, as well as from the two above-named species, it is dis-
tinguished by its much smaller sporidia. The specimens in Rav. F.
Am. are labeled H. marginatum, Schw., but they cannot be that
species.

On wood and bark of various deciduous trees, Quercus, Myrica,
etc., Georgia (Ravenel), Florida and Tennessee (Calkins).

H. callostroma, (Schw.)

Spheeria callostroma, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 1208, and New Am. Sph. tab. XI,

fig. 9.
Hypoxylon callostroma, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 51.

Irregularly effused, 2-3 inches long and wide, or in subturbinate
groups of smaller size and seriately arranged, but not really confluent,
in this case resembling H. turbinulatum. The effused specimens
resemble at first sight some simple Sphmria with large perithecia
closely crowded together, but a section shows that they are joined
below in a common stroma which, on the outside, is black. The sur-
face is uneven, granulose and punctate-rugose from the slightly promi-
nent perithecia, which have their apices truncate with an obtusely
subconic ostiolum immersed below in a grumose, bright ochraceous-red
stroma of varying thickness. The perithecia themselves are oval or
irregular in shape, consisting of an outer bark or shell enclosing the
shining black, ascigerous nucleus. The colored stroma is always
present, even when reduced to the simplest form enclosing but a single
perithecium. Sporidia 12 x 5 // (sec. Cooke in Grev. XI, p. 125).

On wood and bark of Laurus cestivalis, Bethlehem, Pa,
(Schweinitz).

H. xanthostroma, (Schw.)

Sphczria xanthostroma, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1212.
Hypoxylon xanthostroma, Sacc. Syll. 1507.

Seated on a thin crust which is not at all effused. In a simple
series emerge distinct tubercles which are sometimes confluent for an

644

inch or more, brown-black, rugose, larger mixed with smaller ones in
the same group. Ostiola indistinct. A vertical section of the tubercles
shows one or more rather large, globose perithecia enclosed in the
grumose yellow stroma which on the outside is black. Sporidia (sec.
Cke. Grev. XI, p. 125) 12x6 it.

Seriately erumpent in cracks of decorticated oak limbs, Beth-
lehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. is without fruit. The outside appear-
ance is like that of H. Sassafras, (Schw.).

H. Catalpse, (Schw.)

SphcEria Catalpce, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1214.
Hypoxylon Catalpce, Sacc. Syll. 1509.

Seriately erumpent through cracks in the bark, of a rusty color at
first, then black. Tufts or pulvinuli longitudinally confluent. Surface
of the stroma granular from the underlying perithecia, finally black
and rugose. Perithecia abundant in the scanty black stroma. Ostiola
papilliform, deciduous. Sporidia (Cke. Grev. XI, p. 125) 13x6 /i.

On bark of Catalpa, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.)..

The sporidia in spec, in Herb. Schw. are 6-7 x 3|-4| //, short-
navicular, brown. Perithecia rather less than J mm. diam.

H. transversum, (Schw.)

Sphczria transversa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 11S0.
Hypoxylon transversum, Sacc. Syll. 1505.

Large, subpulvinate, subimmersed in the bark and protruding in
a pulvinate manner above, sometimes angular-turbinate. Surface
irregularly rugose or even, black. Perithecia peripherical, ovate,
shining-black inside. Stroma dark brown, pulverulent, 1 inch long,
\ inch thick. Ostiola distinctly prominent, piano-conical. Sporidia
(Cke. I.e.), 12x4/^.

Transversely erumpent through the bark on a trunk of Betula
carpinifolia, Mauch Chunk, Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. has some of the perithecia large and
prominent, but mostly only the apex and the papilliform ostiolum pro-
jecting. Asci 75-80 fx long (p. sp. 50x7 p). Sporidia navicular, pale
brown, 7-8 x 3| ju.

H. ramosum, (Schw.) in Herb. Berk. Grev. XI, p. 132.

Convex, erumpent, pulvinate, black, 1 cm. across. Perithecia
subglobose, scattered, black, not prominent, pierced above. Asci

645

cylindrical. Sporidia sublanceolate, continuous, brown, straight or
curved, 16-18 x 3 \ fi. This is a different thing from Sphceria ramu-
losa, Schw., which appears referable to Xylaria.
On branches, Indiana.

D. Stroma broadly effused (Placoxylon).
* Externally colored, not black.
H. perforatum, (Schw.)

Sphceria perforata, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 45.
Hypoxy Ion perforatum, Sacc. Syll. 1431.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Car. V, 54.— Rav. F. Am. 349, 350.— Thum. M. U. 368.

Stroma (on the bark or wood) superficial, effused or tubercular-
convex (2-4 mm.), often interruptedly confluent for several cm. in
extent, dark or purplish rust-color, dotted with the minute, white-
margined, punctiform ostiola. Conidial layer cinereous- white, pulver-
aceous. Conidia minute, ovoid or subglobose on short, subsimple or
branching hyphaB. Perithecia submonostichous, globose, small (\-\
mm.), lying near the surface of the stroma, crowded, mostly not dis-
tinctly prominent. Asci cylindrical, 60-90x7-9 /i (p. sp.), with a
long, filiform base and overtopped by the filiform paraphyses, 8-spored.
Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, ovate, with the ends mostly obtuse,
nearly straight or subinequilateral, dark brown, 10-14x5-7 (jl. Bears
a general resemblance to H. rubiginosum.

On dead oak, maple, ash and other limbs, common; also on dead
petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida (Calkins).

H. rubiginosum, (Pers.)

Sphceria rubiginosa, Pers. Syn. p. n.
Hypoxylon rubiginosum, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 384.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1071.— Rav. F. Am. 654, 741.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 21.

Stroma mostly broadly effused, but also occurring in small patches
2-4 mm. across, bright ferruginous-red, finally black, tolerably thick
(1-2 mm.), surface nearly even or distinctly mammillose from the pro-
jecting perithecia. Conidial layer pulverulent, thin, at first dirty
olivaceous-yellow, then bright ferruginous. Conidia obovate or oval,
very small, acrogenous on short, sparingly branched sterigmata.
cylindrical, long pedicellate, 8-spored, with slender, filiform par-
aphyses, 60 x 6 a (p. sp.). Sporidia monostichous, ovate, inequilateral,
or nearly straight, dark brown, 10 x fS^u.

On decorticated limbs of various deciduous trees, common in this
country and in Europe; around Newfield, N. J., mostly on Acer and

646

Quercus; on beech and Liriodendron, Pennsylvania (Everhart); on
various dead limbs, Florida (Calkins).

The perithecia appear first in the middle of the stroma, and spread
towards its margin, which thus remains for some time sterile. The
perithecia are larger than in H. perforatum and more evenly effused,
and the stroma is of a brighter color. At first, and around the margin
of the stroma, the perithecia stand quite separate, but they are finally
closely packed.

H. subchlorinuni, Ell. & Calkins, Journ. My col. IV, p. 86.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 21 15.

Stroma suborbicular, thin (1 mm.), flat, ^-1 cm. diam., sometimes
continuous or interruptedly confluent for 5 or more cm., purplish rust-
color, with a thin, sterile margin at first, but this generally disappears,
leaving the margin abrupt and rounded, surface papillose from the
slightly prominent, rounded apices of the perithecia, which are in a
single layer, subglobose, small (\ mm.), numerous, but not crowded so
as to be much compressed, covered above with a thin stromatic layer
which is of a dirty greenish-yellow within, at least in the young, fresh
growing state, and finely white-punctate from the minute ostiola, but
both the internal yellow color and the white-punctate ostiola finally
disappear. Asci (p. sp.) 60-65 xl /ul, with a stipitate base 30-40 p.
long. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical or subnavicular, opake, 7-8 x

On bark of dead limbs of some deciduous tree, Florida (Calkins).

The general appearance, color and mode of growth is that of
H. rubiginosum, (Pers.), from which it differs in its yellow stroma,
smaller perithecia and sporidia; nor can it be referred to any of the
species already enumerated, having the internal substance of the
stroma yellow. The yellow stroma and smaller sporidia will also dis-
tinguish this from H. perforatum, (Schw.).

H. Fendleri, Berk. Grev. XI, p. 132.

Effused, determinate, thick, rugose, yellow, finally black-brown
("atrofuscum'7). Perithecia distinct, globose, elevated, with black
papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia narrow-elliptical,
straight or somewhat curved, dark, 12-13x4 fi. Somewhat like an
effused state of H. multiforme or a thick form of II rubiginosum, at
length nearly black.

On rotten wood, Venezuela. Extra limital, but will probably be
found in Central America.

647

H. atropurpiireum, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 384.— Nitsch. Pyr.
Germ. p. 48.— Sacc. F. Ital. tab. 577.

Sphczria atropurpurea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 340, Fr. Obs. I, p. 174.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1 180.

Stroma broadly effused, continuous or interrupted, thin, purplish-
black, becoming nearly black, surface minutely papillate from the
slightly prominent perithecia, which are of medium size and are
closely packed in a single layer. Asci (p. sp.) cylindrical, 50-60 x
7-8 i±. Sporidia obliquely monostichous, ovate, subacute at each end
and slightly inequilateral, opake, 10-14x5-6 //.

On bark of Tilia, Iowa (Holway), on bark, British Columbia
(Macoun), New York (Peck).

H. albocinctum, E. & E. Proc. Phil. Acad. July, 1890, p. 229.

Stroma thin (1 mm.), flat, carbonaceous, mostly orbicular, J-l cm.
diam., light cinereous at first, soon purplish-black except the margin,
which remains light-colored for some time, surface uneven from the
projecting vertices of the perithecia which are ovate-globose, small
(|-| mm.), monostichous, moderately crowded, sunk nearly to the base
of the stroma, contracted above into short necks terminating in the
minute, papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical, 80-100x5-6 jut (p. sp.
about 60 f± long), with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate.
narrowly elliptical, brown, 1-2-nucleate, subacute, 7-8 x 3 J-4 p..

On bark of dead Cratcegus, Hamilton Co., Ohio (Morgan).

The bark beneath the stroma is whitened and surrounded by a
black, circumscribing line. The general appearance is like that of
orbicular forms of H. serpens, from which it differs in its purplish
stroma and smaller perithecia and sporidia,

H. cinereum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma oblong, 3-4x1 cm., thin, cinereous, surface even and
smooth as if polished. Perithecia depressed-globose, minute (200 p.
or less). Ostiola punctiform, slightly depressed, orbicular, white.
Asci not seen. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, 2-nucleate, nearly opake,
8-10x31-4/^. The wood beneath the stroma is bleached and sur-
rounded by a black line which penetrates deeply.

On rotten wood, near St. Martinsville, La. (Langlois, 2278).

Has the general appearance of Diatrype stigma. The color of
the stroma on the surface is about that of marbleized iron ware, but
nearly black within.

648

H. subliiteum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma effused, mostly elongated to 5 or more centimeters in
length and 2 or more cm. wide, about 1 mm. thick, surface cinereous,
roughened by the 'projecting, obtusely conical, darker colored ostiola.
black inside except the layer next the wood, which is pale yellow with
a greenish tint. Perithecia monostichous, ovate, about \ mm. wide
and a little more than that in height, their vertices slightly raising the
surface of the stroma in a pustuliform manner. Asci cylindrical, 75-
80x6 p. (p. sp.), with a slender base about 40 ju long. Sporidia uni-
seriate, navicular, 2-nucleate, becoming opake, 10-12 x4-4| //.

On rotten wood, near St. Martinsville, La. (Langlois, 2276).
H. Morgani, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Eifused in patches 1-2 cm. long. Perithecia in a single layer,
touching each other but hardly confluent, slightly depressed-globose,
about | mm. diain., connected and covered, except the black, sub-
hemispherical, broadly perforated ostiolum, by a thin, furfuraceo-
tomentose, glabrescent, light tawny yellow crust. Asci subcylindrical,
1 50 x 10-12 jut, with evanescent, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia over-
lapping-uniseriate, navicular, brown, 35-38 x 10-12 //.

♦ On rotten wood, Ohio (Morgan).

The apices of the perithecia project, rendering the surface of the
stroma mammillate.

H. Ohiense, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma effused for several centimeters and about 2 mm. thick,
surface uneven, colliculose, umber color. Perithecia ovate, subdis-
tichous, f-1 mm. broad and 1-1 J mm. high. Ostiola papilliform, um-
bilicate-collapsing at the apex, and soon hidden by the heaps of olive-
brown, discharged sporidia, Asci (p. sp.) clavate, 22 x 6 /i, with a
filiform stipe 30-40 /i long, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate or biseriate, narrow-elliptical, brown, 4.-5 x 2| //.

On rotten wood, Ohio (Morgan, 883 and 965).

This might perhaps be considered a var. of H. Petersii, but it
differs from that species in its effused stroma without any membrana-
ceous veil, in its larger perithecia and smaller asci and sporidia. In
both, the color and texture of the stroma is the same — umber color,
paler inside.

649
H. platystomum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma effused, reaching as much as 6 cm. diam., thin, showing

all the inequalities of the wood beneath, about 1 mm. thick, of a dull
reddish color at first, becoming nearly slate-color, the margin still
retaining the reddish hue. Perithecia crowded, erect, oblong, £ x \
mm., the broad, orbicular, discoid ostiola erumpent, as in Diatrype
platystoma, (Schw.). Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, 50x4 // or,
including the short stipe, 55 /jl long. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-
elliptical, subinequilateral, pale brown, 5-6x2|-3 ft.

On the end of a decaying log of Melia, St. Martinsville, La.
(Langlois).

This seems easily distinct from all the allied species, on account
of its minute sporidia and discoid ostiola.

H. fuscopurpiireum, (Schw.)

Sphcsria fuscopurpurea, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1209.
Hypoxylon fuscopurpiireum, Berk. Cuban Fungi, 835.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 653.

Variously effused, margin generally sterile. Outer crust rather
hard, black and shining within, surface elegantly purple, at length
dark purple, regularly granulose from the subjacent perithecia which
are oblong ovate, polystichous, numerous, small, immersed in the
shining-black stroma, staining the wood or bark around it black,
inseparably adnate, extending for an inch or more in length and pre-
ferring depressions in the surface of the wood. Sec. Cooke Grew XI.
p. 124, the sporidia are 14 x 7 //. The specimen in Rav. F. Am. 653.
on bark of ash, seaboard of South Carolina, has sporidia 9-1 1 x4J-C> ii
and looks more like a smooth form of H. rubiginosurtu

On rotten wood and bark, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Sehweinit/.i.

H. piceum, Ell. Am. Nat Feb., 1883, p. 194.

Stroma effused, subelliptical or elongated, often by confluence
forming patches 4-8 cm. long by half as wide, dark brown, nearly
black within, surface wrinkled and covered with a dull yellow conidiaJ
growth, which also spreads over the surface of the wood adjacent, and
consists of short, rudimentary, irregularly branched hyphffi covered
with the minute, dust-like conidia. Perithecia in 2-3 layers, densely
crowded and angular by compression, the lower layer much elongated
Ostiola minute, scarcely visible. Asci? Sporidia navicular, brown,
11-12x4//. The stromata resemble blotches of black pitch tin
over with yellow meal, and are of about the consistency of 1

On rotten wood, Iowa (Holway).
82

650

H. jecoriiiiini, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 50.

Effused, an inch or more long and broad, at first covered with a
tawny yellow powder, then liver-colored, clotted with the dark ostiola.
Sporidia (sec. Cooke 1. c.) 9x4//. The specimens in Rav. Fungi Car.
IV, 37, have the stroma subelliptical, 1-2x1 cm. and sporidia 7-8 x
3-4 [j>. Florida specimens, collected by Col. Calkins during the
winter of 1887, have the stroma lg-3x 2-2J cm.

Ravenel's specimens are on bark of Acer rubrum, and the Florida
specimens are also on bark of some deciduous tree.

The perithecia form a single layer on the surface of the black
carbonaceous, 1 mm. thick stroma, and are oval in shape and closely
packed, about \ mm. high, with their apices slightly projecting, thus
making the surface of the stroma finely papillose.

H. ianthinum, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 132.

Stroma ta thin, elliptical, subconfluent, 1-2 x \~\ mm., grayish or
cinereous, flat, surface papillose from the slightly projecting apices of
the crowded perithecia, which lie in a single layer and are very small,
less than \ mm. high, penetrating to the wood and only slightly cov-
ered by the scanty stroma. Ostiola minute, papilliform. Asci cylin-
drical. Sporidia elliptical, obtuse, brown, 12-16x4-5 fi.

On decaying wood, Canada (Macoun), Louisiana (Langlois), Caro-
lina (Ravenel), New York (0. F. Cook).

The Canada and Louisiana specimens have been submitted to
Br. Cooke for examination, and he pronounces them to be H. ianthi-
num, Cke., of which the original was collected in Potsdam, N. Y.,
many years ago. The name is badly chosen and misleading, for the
surface of the stroma in all the specimens (unless it be the Potsdam
specimen, which is now lost or mislaid) is of a glaucous or grayish-
white, about the same as in H. atropunctatum, (Schw.), or H. pruina-
turn, (KL), without any purplish shade whatever. The description
above quoted applies in other respects tolerably well.

H. atropun datum, (Schw.)

Sphceria atropunctata, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 44.
Anthostoma atropunctatum, Sacc. Syll. 1102.
Hypoxylon atropunctatum, Cke. Syn. 977.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 576.— Rab. F. H. 3159.

Broadly effused, smooth, white, clotted with the smooth, convex,
black ostiola, and surrounded with a black, sterile margin, substance
very hard and rigid, black inside. Perithecia in a single layer, not
crowded, ovate, about \ mm. high. Asci cylindrical, abruptly con-
tracted below into a short stipitate base, about 150x 10-12 p. Spo-

651

ridia uniseriate, acutely elliptical or almond-shaped, opake, 25-30 x
10-12 fju

On dead trunks of oak, from New York to Florida.

According to Schweinitz this species is sometimes interruptedly
continuous for 20 feet along the standing trunks of oak (Q. falcata),
which are also nearly surrounded by it.

H. crocopeplum, B. & €. Grew IV, p. 49.

Nearly J inch broad, irregular, depressed, clothed with a dense
coat of red ferruginous powder. Perithecia rather prominent, with a
minute ostiolum. Sporidia dark, shortly cymbiform, 13-14x8 /z, (sec.
Cooke, 1. a).

On decayed bark, South Carolina (Ravenel).

H. florideum, B. & €. Grew IV, p. 50.

Effused for many inches, undulate, wine-colored, pulverulent.
Perithecia hidden. Sporidia cymbiform, uninucleate, 9-10 x 3| //.
Asci linear.

On Acer rubrum, Carolina (Ravenel).

** Externally black.

H. stigmateum, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 4.

Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 649.

Effused, black, crustaceous, thin (1-1| mm.), papillose from the
prominent ostiola, 3-5 or more cm. broad, originating beneath the
cuticle of the bark which it throws off in the same manner as Nummii-
laria Bulliardi, Tub, which it much resembles. Asci linear cylin-
drical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, with the ends subacute, some-
times navicular, dark, 28x8 ft (sec. Cke.); 20-23x10-12/; in the
Louisiana specc; 20-25 x 10-12 /j. in the F. Am. specc.

On an old log, Louisiana (Langlois), on fallen logs, South Carolina
(Ravenel), on bark of dead oak, California (Harkness), on beech bark,
Ohio (Morgan).

H. epirrhodium, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 51.

Effused, thin, forming small black patches about two lines across,
papillose from the slightly prominent ostiola. Asci linear. Sporidia
uniseriate, elliptical. Sporidia sec. Cke. 1. c. 9 x 3| jul.

On branches of rose, South Carolina (Ravenel).

H. effiisum, Nitschke, Pyr. Germ. p. 48.

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2114.— Sacc. M. Veneta, 1470.

Stroma superficial, thin, forming black, crust-like patches of

652

various size and shape, 3-4 mm. across or often confidently seriate,
3-4 cm. or more by J-l cm. wide. Perithecia in a single layer,
rather large (the central cavity being about § mm. diam.), prominent,
but mostly flattened above with a central papilla much as in H. annu-
latum, Schw., but not so distinctly annulate depressed. The specimens
were old and the asci dissolved, but the sporidia were still tolerably
abundant, ovate-oblong and subnavicular, pale brown, 6-8 x 3-3 h /a,
rounded and obtuse at the ends. The perithecia and sporidia were
rather larger than in Saccardo's specimen in M. V. 1470, and the
stroma thinner, but there can hardly be any doubt that our specimens
are correctly determined.

On decaying wood of Ulmus, Missouri (Demetrio), Kansas (Kel-
lerman), Louisiana (Langlois).

H. conciirrens, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 93.

Perithecia connate, forming a thin, black, uniform stratum, very
minutely granulated, the upper part only exposed. Ostiola minute,
papilliform. Sporidia shortly cymbiform, uninucleate. (10 x 5 ju, Cke.).

Carolina (Ravenel) without habitat; on Acer macrophyllum, Cali-
fornia (Harkness).

H. crustaceum, Nitschke, Pyr. Germ. p. 49.

(Sec. Cooke, not Sphceria Crustacea, Sow.).
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 2433,

Stroma superficial, blackening the wood around it both on the
surface and within, more or less effused, tolerably thick, sooty black or
sometimes gray-pruinose, formed apparently only by the connate peri-
thecia which are about J mm. diam., globose, and either densely
crowded or loosely aggregated, or even partially free, their rounded
apices with distinct papilliform ostiola free, with only their bases
united; rarely perithecia occur only half as large as usual. Asci
cylindrical, long pedicellate, with abundant, long filiform paraphyses.
Sporidia obliquely monostichous, ovate, obtuse at each end, inequi-
lateral or nearly straight, light brown, 8-10 x 4-5 p..

On decorticated wood, British Columbia (Macoun).

Macoun's specc. agree accurately with the above description,
except the perithecia are subferruginous-pulverulent, and the sporidia
oblong-navicular. Asci 150 x 5 ju (p. sp. 80 x 5 p.). Clusters of connate
perithecia (stromata) 2-5 x 2-3 mm., or interruptedly confluent for
2 cm. long. The specimen in Rab. F. E. 2433, has the perithecia
more sparingly connate and black, but there is no other difference.

653

H. serpens, (Pers.)

Sphcsria serpens, Pers. Syn. p. 20, Obs. Myc. I, p. 18.
Sphceria Macula, Tode Fungi Meckl. II. p. 33, fig. 106.
Hypoxylon serpens, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 284,
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 960— Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 34.— Sydow, M. March, 2241— (EH. N. A.
F. 164) ?— Desm. PI. Crypt. F/l. i, 377.

Stroma effused, thin, applanate, black, variable in form and size,
often in narrow, elongated strips 2-3 mm. wide and 3-6 cm. long, but
also in small subelliptical or irregular shaped patches 1-2 cm. long by
\-\ cm. wide. Perithecia subglobose, crowded, rather large, rounded
and prominent above or rarely slightly depressed around the central
papilla, then only slightly prominent, and the surface of the stroma
not so distinctly roughened. Conidial layer pulverulent, cinereous.
Conidia subglobose, minute, acrogenous, on rather long, branching
septate sterigmata. Asci cylindrical, long- pedicellate, 75-100 fi long
(p. sp.) by 6-8 jul wide, with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, subcylindrical, rounded at the ends, oblong-cylindrical, sub-
inequilateral or almost curved, seldom straight, becoming dark, 12-
1 6 x 5-6 p.

On decaying wood (seldom on the bark) of various deciduou-
trees.

This is called a common and widely diffused species, but as wc
have some doubt as to whether we properly understand it, we have
taken the above description from Nitschke's Pyr. Germ. The speci-
mens distributed in N. A. F. under this name are certainly not the
typical form, for the perithecia are small, mostly J mm. or less, and
only slightly prominent, and the sporidia are mostly only 8-10 x 3-4 «.
The N. A. F. specimens appear to be the same as the If. colliculoxuni.
Schw. in Rav. F. Am. 742, which cannot be distinguished from Spho
(Hypoxylon) insidens, in Herb. Schw.

H. insidens, (Schw.)

Sphcsria insidens, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 122, Fr. S. M. II, p. 422.
Fuckelia insidens, (Schw.) Cke. Grew XII, p. 52.
Fxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 164.

Stroma innate, effused, nearly round, brown-black, partly Bterile,
apparently superficial, but the base immersed in the matrix and sur-
rounded by a faint circumscribing line. Perithecia more or lees
prominent, flexuous, subpapillate, half as large as a mustard
Asci cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, pale brown, 8 1

On rotten wood or oftener on bark, Carolina ami Pennsylvania
(Schw.), on rotten wood and bark of Magnolia glauca. Newfield, X. J.

Whether the Sphceria insidens, Schw. in litt, which in Fr,

654

Elench. II, p. 68, is quoted as a synonym of Sphmria atramentosa,
Fr. in Kze. Myc. Hefte, 2, p. 38, and Fr. S. M. II, p. 344, is the same
as the Sphceria insidens, Schw. in Syn. Car. 122, and Fr. S. M. II,
p. 422, is not certain, but as far as the diagnoses go they may be the
same; in that case the specific name, atramentosa, has precedence.

H. colliculosum, (Schw.)

Sphceria colliculosa, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 82.
Hypoxylon colliculosum, Cke. Syn. 1010.
Exsicc. (Rav. F. Am. 742) ?

Effused thin, colliculose, rugose, black. Perithecia very large,
covered with a thin crust which is papillate from the minute ostiola,
and with flattened bases not immersed in the wood or surrounded by
any circumscribing line, subdistant but connected by a stromatic
crust. Margin various, shining as if oiled, surface very uneven and
rimose. Sporidia 12-13x5 fi (Cke.).

On rotten oak wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

As already stated, the specimens in Rav. F. Am. do not agree
with the description of H. colliculosum, having both perithecia and
sporidia too small, and are probably referable to H. insidens, Schw.
We do not find any specimen of Sphceria colliculosa in Herb. Schw.

H. illitum, (Schw.)

Sphceria illila, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1205.
Hypoxylon illitum, Sacc. Syll. 1511, Cke. Syn, 1014.

Widely effused, confluent, the layers often superimposed, so as to
imitate a sculptured surface, the material of the stroma appearing as if
smeared on the decaying wood. Surface undulate and uneven, at first
of a fine olive-green, but finally black. Perithecia rather large,
slightly prominent, with ostiola indistinct or acutely conical and thick
walls, surrounded with a sparing white stroma. Sporidia fusoid,
navicular, very pale brown, acute, 10-12 x2|-3| // in spec, in Herb.
Schw, (14-16 x 4 ft Cke.).

Not infrequent on standing trunks, especially of Platanus, in-
vesting them almost completely with its broad, uneven, confluent
stromata, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

H. investiens, (Schw.)

Sphceria investiens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1210.
Hypoxylon investiens, Berk. Cuban Fungi, No. 837.
. Fxsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 33.

Seated on a thick sterile crust that spreads over and blackens the
wood, following all the inequalities of its surface. On this crust stand,
densely crowded in a single series, the regularly oblong perithecia,

655

forming a continuous layer about f mm. thick and 4-9 cm. long and
wide. The stroma is very scanty, covering the perithecia with a
thin, black stratum mammillose above from the slightly projecting
perithecia with their papilliform, deciduous ostiola. In the specimens
in Rav. Car., as well as in the Louisiana specc, the surface of the
stroma has a distinct purplish tinge. We have not seen the asci, but
the sporidia are oblong, pale brown, 6-10 (mostly 6-8) x 3-4 /i. H.
effusum, Nitschke, is closely allied to this.

On rotten wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.), Alabama
(Beaumont), on Salix, Louisiana (Langlois), Texas (Wright).

H. caries, (Schw.)

Sphceria caries, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1222.
Hypoxylon cartes, Sacc. Syll. 1510, Cke. Syn. ion.

Stroma effused, black within and without, colliculose and uneven
from being composed apparently of many smaller stromata 3-10 mm.
diam., fused together laterally more or less perfectly into a continuous
or partially interrupted crust, irregular in outline and several centi-
meters in extent. Perithecia subglobose, J-j mm. diam., their apices
slightly prominent with a subacute, papilliform ostiolum surrounded
by an indistinct, lighter colored ring which, however, is not impressed
or sunk in the stroma as in H. annulatum. In the specimens ex-
amined, the asci had disappeared. Sporidia navicular-fusoid, (sub-
hyaline) pale smoky-brown, ends subacute, 10-12 by about 3 fi.

On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), on rotten oak, Newfield.
N. J., on rotten elm (Ulmus Americana), Missouri (Demetrio).

H. Ravenelii, Rehm, Hedwigia, 1882, p. 137.

Hypoxylon confluens, Fr. in Rav. F. Am. 348.

Perithecia single or concrescent, 2-8 together, occasionally seriate.
6-12 in a series 3-6 mm. long, nearly globose, f-1 mm. diam., with
their bases slightly sunk in the wood (our spec, is on wood and not on
bark). Ostiolum distinct, papilliform, black and shining. The peri-
thecia are of a dead grayish-black. Asci very long, cylindrical, with
abundant well-developed paraphyses. Sporidia elliptical, obtuse, pale
brown, with 1-2 large nuclei, uniseriate, 10x5 /i.

On bark of decaying oak, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

This is entirely different from H. Ravenelii. Sacc Syll. I, p. 389,
{H. erinaceum, B. & Rav.) which sec. Cke. Grev. XI. p. 128, is a
Valsa with long-necked perithecia and hyaline, allantoid sporidia.
Whether the above described fungus is the Sphairia confluens, Tode,

656

can not perhaps now be certainly decided. It agrees tolerably with
Tode's figure, but it is not that species as understood by Nitschke, and
described by him (under Hypoxylon semiimmersum) as having spo-
ridia 16-20x 8-10 /i, and by Fckl. (under the name of II udum) as
having sporidia 28 x 10 p.. We have therefore accepted H. Ravenelii,
Rehm, as a distinct species.

H.? atrofiiscum, B. & C.

Fuckelia atrofusca, B. &C. Grev. XII, p. 51.

Pustules erumpent, very small (hardly J mm. diam.), elliptical,
margined by the ruptured bark. Perithecia unequally distributed in
the black, depressed stroma. Asci cylindrical, stipitate. Sporidia
elliptical, brown, 13x7 ju.

On bark of Rhus glabra, mountains of Virginia.

H. hydnicolum, (Schw.)

Sphczria hydnicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am, 1207.
Hypoxylon hydnicolum, Cke. Syn. 1034.

Stroma thick, short, subrepand, here and there confluent; extern-
ally very black, granulose. Perithecia large, subdistant, immersed in
the light yellow substance of the stroma, monostichous, furnished with
a brown veil or sack. Ostiola prominent, papilliform. The teeth of
the Hydnum are often concrescent with the stroma, which then
appears stipitate. Substance of the stroma distinctly suberose. The
diameter of the stroma scarcely exceeds 4-6 mm.

Rather rare; on the teeth of decaying Hydnums, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schw.).

From an examination of the specc. in Herb. Schw. we add the
following notes: Stroma subtubercular, 2-4 mm. across. Perithecia
only slightly prominent. Ostiola papilliform. Asci 75-80 jut long,
p. sp. 60 x 6 fi, cylindrical. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, pale brown,
with a single large nucleus, 10-11 x 4 /i.

H. exaratum, (Schw.)

Sphceria exarata, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1206.
Hypoxylon exaratum, Cke. Syn. 1032.

Effigurately eifused, surface marked with parallel, longitudinal
furrows, at first covered by the epidermis which is persistent in the
furrows. Perithecia very prominent on the ridges, irregular, black-
brown, with a black papillate ostiolum, rather large, monostichous,
surrounded with a scanty stroma, which has a sterile, subrepand
margin, and rests on a crust formed of the blackened substance of the
bark.

657

On the bark of young dead branches of Juglans tomentosa,
Bethlehem. Pa. (Schw.).

The spec, in Herb. Schw. has the stroma |-1 cm. long, by 1 J-2
mm. wide. Ostiola slightly prominent. Sporidia (free spores, no asci
seen) navicular-elliptical, 7-9 x 3J-4 fi.

H. sphaeriostomum, (Schw.)

Sphceria sphcsriostoma , Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1213.
Hypoxylon spfueriostotnum, Cke. Syn. 1033.

Short, subpulvinate, carbonaceous, very black, 4—6 mm. long,
oblong, acuminate at each end, surface longitudinally striate. On this
blackened surface are sphseriiform, globose, scattered ostiola, per-
forated with a round opening and connected by a rather long tube
with the subjacent perithecia, which are buried in the wood without
any real stroma, ovate, rather large, filled with a black mass which,
under the lens, appears to be composed of spores like those of a
Melanconium.

On soft, rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The fructification of this species is unknown. ,

Hypoxylon Beaumontii, B. & C.

Hypoxylon nudicolle, B. & C.

Hypoxylon gemmatum, B. & C.

Hypoxylon gregale, (Schw.)

have already been described under Valsaria. Of these, it is probable
that H. Beaumontii should be removed to Hypoxylon. Berkeley in
Grew makes the sporidia uniseptate, but Cke. Grew XII, p. 134, finds
the sporidia in the original specimens, in Herb. Berk., continuous.
H gregale, (Schw.) also (sec. spec, in Herb. Schw.) has continuous
sporidia and is a true Hypoxylon. Hypoxylon miniatum, Cke. in
Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 87, is (sec. Cke.) not that species, and must be
rejected from the list of North American species.

Hypoxylon glomus, B. & (•. Grew IV, p. 51, has the appearance of
a Diatrype, but is sterile (Cke. Grew XII, p. 126).

H. spondflinum, (Fr.)

Sphczria spondylina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 347-

Hypoxylon spondylinum, Fr. Suinma Veg. Scand. p. 383.

Nummularta spondylina, Sacc. Syll. 1542.

Erumpent, variable, convex, subruirose. black outside and inside,
Although erumpent, it becomes entirely free, not even adnate at the

83

658

base, rather small, 2-4 mm. broad and thick, bullate, densely grega-
rious and often confluent, assuming various shapes from mutual pres-
sure; when standing singly, regular, convex, covered with a smooth,
hard stratum. Perithecia buried, ovate.

On oak branches; rare, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

BOLINIA, Nitschke.

Pyren. Germ. p. 26 (as a subgenus).

Stroma superficial, effused. Perithecia deeply immersed in the
stroma, with elongated necks and umbilicate ostiola. Asci cylindrical,
8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia ovoid continuous, brown.

B. Tubiilina, (Alb. & Schw.)

Sphceria Tubulina, A. & S. Consp. Nisk. p. 6, tab. IV, fig. 4.
Hypoxylon Tubulina, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 383.
Bolinia Tubulina, Sacc. Syll. 1332 Cke. Syn. 807,

Stroma effused, determinate, oblong or oval, superficially adnate,
when on wood still sound and hard, but with the base more or less
immersed where the wood is more decayed and softer, surface un-
even, with variously-shaped depressions and prominences, or in the
smaller stromata, flat pulvinate and smooth, at first of a dirty- ferrugi-
nous color, finally black, fragile, margin repand. Perithecia very
large, monostichous, densely crowded, ovate or angular from mutual
pressure, gradually attenuated into long necks, with the perforated
ostiola not prominent, and giving the surface of the stroma a porous
appearance. Asci cylindrical, long-pedicellate, 8-spored, p. sp. 36-45
x 5 fx. Sporidia obliquely monostichous, small (6-7 x 3-4 /z), ovate,
ends obtusely rounded, becoming nearly black.

On dead Juglans, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The stroma is 2-4 inches or more long, l|-2 inches or more
wide, and \-\ an inch thick, with the sides abrupt. When old and
broken down, it resembles a Tubulina, hence the specific name.

PORONIA, Willdeuow.

Flor. Berol. Prodr. p. 400.

Stroma carnose-suberose, at first clavate, then cup-shaped or dis-
coid, stipitate or subsessile, light-colored. Perithecia immersed in the
upper, discoid surface of the stroma, carbonaceous, black. Asci cylin-
drical, 8 spored. Sporidia ellipsoid, brown, with a hyaline, gelatinous
envelope. Stroma at first clothed with the conidial hymenium.
Fimicolous.

651)

P. punctata, (Linn.)

Peziza punctata, Linn. Flor. Suec. Ed. II, p. 458.
Sphceria nivea, Haller, Stirp. Helvet. torn. Ill, p. 121.
Sphceria truncata, Bolt. Fungi Halif. Ill, tab. 127.
Sphczria punctata, Sowerby, Eng. Fungi, tab. 54.
Sphczria Poronia, Pers. Syn. p. 15.
Poronia Gleditschii, Willd. Flor. Berol. Prodr. p. 400.
Poronia fimetaria, Pers. Champ. Cotnest. p. 154.
Poronia punctata, Fr. Sunima Veg. Scaud. p. 382.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 2020.— Rehm, Asc. 168.— Cke. Fungi Brit. Ser. I, 468, id. Ser. II, 213.
Roum. F. Gall. 566.— Ivinht. Fungi Hung. 183.

Stroma at first clavate, soon expanded and discoid above, brown
outside, the inner substance and disk white. Stipe subelongated
(reaching 1-2 cm.), mostly penetrating the matrix and hidden. Disk
generally 2-5 mm. diam., exceptionally 10-15 mm., grayish-white,
pulverulent at first. Perithecia globose, black within and without,
about \ mm. diam., their rather large, black, papilliform ostiola dot-
ting the white disk. Asci cylindrical, 120-150x15-17 fi (p. sp.
80 90 p. long), with abundant, but imperfectly developed paraphyses.
Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, subinequilateral, soon opake, surrounded
at first by a hyaline, gelatinous coat, 15-20 x 10-12 /i (10-26 x 10-
14 /*, Winter).

On horse dung, Kansas (Cragin).

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from the Kansas
specimens.

P. CEdipus, Mont. Syll. p. 209.

Sphceria ( Poronia) punctata, var. osdipoda, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. H,[tom. VI,

P- 333*
Hypoxylon cedipus, Mont. Cuba, p. 346, tab. XIII, fig. 2.
Sphceria incrassata, Jungh. Flor. Crypt. Javae, p. 87.

Poronia macropoda, b. cladonioides, Ces. in Klotzsch-Rab. Herb. Myeol. No. 1946.
Exsicc. Rab. F. Eur. 630.— Rav. Fungi Car. Ill, No. 46.

Stroma erect, simple (or sometimes branched), with a distinct,
smooth, light brown stipe 2-3 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick at the clavate-
swollen base, enlarged above into a dull white, suborbicular, 2-3 mm.
disk, which is at first concave, then plane, and pierced by the slightly
prominent, black, papilliform ostiola. Perithecia ovate, sunk in the
stroma. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 8-spored, 100-120 x 18-20 /z,
with long, filiform pseudoparaphyses. Sporidia mostly uniseriate.
elliptical, 28-30x16 //, with a thick hyaline gelatinous coat at first,
finally nearly black.

On horse dung. Alabama (Peters), Texas (Wright).

Readily distinguished from P. punctata by its long, clavate-
swollen stipe.

060

P. leporina, E. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890, p. 22£.

(Plate 39)

Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2354.

Stipitate. flesh-colored, small, stipe 1-2 mm. long, J mm. thick,
expanding above into a discoid stroma 1-2 mm. diam. and mammillose
from the slightly prominent perithecia which are ovate-globose, about
J mm. diam., 6-20 in a stroma. Ostiola large, black, convex, Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 80-100 (p. sp. 75-80) x 10-12 ju, with obscure par-
aphyses. Sporidia at first greenish-hyaline, 1-2-nucleate, becoming
opake, subinequilaterally elliptical, mostly uniseriate, 12-15x6-7 p..

On rabbit-dung, Missouri (Demetrio).

Distinguished from P. CEdipus by its smaller size.

The three following species are placed under Poronia by
Schweinitz in Syn. N. Am. p. 189.

Sphceria pocula, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1167 (Enslinia pocula, Fr.
Summa, p. 399). This is a Polyporus (P. cupulceformis, B. & Rav.
in Rav. F. Car. I, No. 10, Grew I, p. 38 ; P. pocula, Cke. in Grev.
XII, p. 85).

Sphceria Candida, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1165, and Sphceria inter-
media, Schw. 1. c. 1166. We know nothing of these. Fries places
them in his genus Enslinia.

DALDINIA, Ces. & De Not.

' Schema Sferiac. Ital. in Coram. Critt. I, p. 197.

Stroma superficial, subglobose, external layer carbonaceous, be-
coming black, fibrous within and concentrically zoned. Asci cylin-
drical, 8-spored, pedicellate. Sporidia ovoid or oblong, dark-colored.
Perithecia immersed in the stroma.

D. concentrica, (Bolt.) (Plate 38)

Sphceria concentrica, Bolt. Fungi Hal. tab. 1S0.
Lycoperdon atrum, Schseff. Fungi Bavar. TV, p. 131, tab. 329.
Valsa tuberosa, Scopoli, Flora Carniol, p. 399.

Sphceria tunicata, Tode, Fungi Meckl. II, p. 59, tab. XVII, fig. 130.
Sphceria fraxinea, Withering, Arrang. Brit. Plants, IV, p. 393.
Stromatosphceria concentrica, Grev. Flora Edinb. p. 355.
Hypoxylon concentricum , Grev. Scott. Crypt. Flora, VI, tab. 324.
Daldinia concentrica, Ces. & De Not. Schema Sferiac. p. 24.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 600.— Thum. F. Austr. 1154.— Thum. M. U. 69.— Cke. F. Brit.
Ser. I, 669, id. Ser. II, 216.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 17.— Allesch & Schnabl, F. Bav. 76.

Stroma subspherical or hemispherical, rarely obovoid, subferru-
ginous and softer at first, at length black and carbonaceous, 2-4 cm.
diam., softer inside, of a radiate-fibrous structure and concentrically

661

zoned. Perithecia monostichous, obo void-oblong, 1 mm. or a little
'more in length and about \ mm. broad, more or less angular from
mutual pressure. Ostiola slightly prominent, punctifbrm, minute.
Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, inequi laterally elliptical, dark brown
and finally opake, 12-15x7-10 /i. Asci long-pedicellate, 80-100 x
8-10 fi (p. sp.), with long, filiform paraphyses.

On dead trunks of various deciduous trees, common from New
England to California, and from Canada to Louisiana and Mexico.

D. vernieosa, (Schw.)

Sphczria vernicosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1175.
Daldinia vernicosa, Ces. & De Not. 1. c.
Exsicc. EH- N. A. F. 166.

Stroma large (2 J— 3 x 1 J cm.), subturbinate, suddenly contracted
below into a thick, stipe-like base which is sometimes concentrically
wrinkled: surface of the stroma ferruginous at first from the conidial
layer, finally black and shining. Perithecia peripherical, subglobose
(sec. Schw.), but in all the specimens we have seen, ovoid-oblong
about the same in size and shape as in the preceding species. Sae-
cardo in Sylloge says perithecia polystichous, but we have never found
them so, though a vertical section through one side of the stroma shows
them apparently in more than one layer; but this is only apparent, as
may be seen in a vertical section through the center of the stroma.
We find the asci and sporidia about as in the preceding species, though
in the Sylloge they are said to be longer and narrower. This is dis-
tinguished from. D. concentrica by its shining-black stroma, and the
looser texture of the radiate-fibrous inner substance which is cut by
8-12 dark colored, membranaceous horizontal layers or plates. These
are very noticeable in a vertical section even in the young plant, while
it is still covered with the conidial layer and before the terminal, sub-
globose, ascigerous stroma has begun to appear. In the mature state,
the fibrous inner substance and the horizontal membranes disappear
to a greater or less extent, and leave the stroma more or less hollow,
so that it may be easily crushed with the fingers, but in D. concentrica
the inner substance remains firm and is also of a darker color.

On fence pickets, Salem, North Carolina, (Schw.), on trunks of
dead oak trees, Newfield, N. J.; also sent from New England and New
York.

D. cingulata, (Lev.)

Sphceria cingulata, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. Ill, (1845), p. 47.
Daldinia cingulata, Sacc. Syll. 1521.

662 .

Obovate, erect, substipitate, outer layer laccate-crustaceous, of a
shining brown-black color. Perithecia buried in the stroma, zonately
arranged, white inside. Ostiola obsolete.

On trunks, near New York (Menaud). Stroma 1-2 dec. high,
1 dec. thick.

This seems doubtfully distinct from D. vernicosa.

D. loculata, (Lev.)

Sphceria loculata, Iyev. 1. c.

Globose, substipitate, black, opake. Perithecia obovate, im-
mersed in the stroma. Ostiola subprominent, shining, subhemispher-
ical. Asci and sporidia as in the other species. Stipe short, some-
what rough.

On trunks, America.

USTULINA, Tul.

Sel. Carp. II, p. 23.

Stroma superficial, subeffused, rather thick, determinate, at first
carnose-suberose and clothed with a pulverulent, cinereous, conidial
hymenium, finally rigid, carbonaceous, black and bare and generally
more or less hollow. Perithecia immersed, large, with papilliform
ostiola, Asci pedicellate, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia ovoid-
fusiform, continuous, dark-colored.

II. vulgaris, Tul. 1. c. tab. Ill, figs. 1-6. (Plate 39)

Sphceria deusta, HofF. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 3, tab. I, fig. 2.
Sphceria versipellis, Tode, Fungi Meckl. II, p. 55.

Hypoxylon ustulatum, Bull. Champ, d. France, I, p. 176, tab. 478, fig. 1.
Hypoxylon deustum, Grev. Scot. Crypt. Flora, IV, tab. 324, fig. 2.
Rxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1063.— Kze. F. Sel. 154.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 145.— Thum. F. Austr.
665.— EH. N. A. F. 860.

Stroma superficial, subeffused, 3 cm. diam., repand, pulvinate,
thick (3-4 mm), surface even, white and subtomentose, finally undulate-
colliculose and black; s'ubstance almost gelatinous at first, then hard
and tough, at lerigth very brittle and hollow, centrally attached.
Perithecia large, ovate, densely crowded, monostichous, the punctiform
ostiola only projecting. Asci narrow-cylindrical, pedicellate, 8-spored,
250 x 8-10 ju (p. sp.). Paraphyses slender, evanescent. Sporidia
obliquely uniseriate, fusoid, inequilateral or slightly curved, finally
opake, 32-40 x 8-10 p.. Tode, 1. c, gives a very minute and accurate
account of this fungus.

On roots of decaying stumps; found in Europe, America and

663

Australia.; common throughout the eastern United States and reported
by Dr. Harkness from California.

CAMILLEA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 382, Mont. Syll. Crypt, p. 207.

Stromata vertical, oblong, carbonaceous, stipitate or sessile, stro-
matically connected ■ at base. Perithecia linear or bottle-shaped,
membranaceous, included in the upper part of the stroma. Asci
obovate, 8-spored, with capillary paraphyses. Sporidia conglobate,
oblong, continuous, brown.

Some of the extra-limital species have the stroma truncate or cup-
shaped above, and the sporidia appendiculate.

C. Sagraekna, (Mont.)

Hypoxylon Sagrceana, Mont. Cuba, p. 341, tab. 12, fig. 4,
Phylacia Sagrceana, Mont. Syll. Crypt. No. 921.
Camillea Sagrceana, B. & C Exot. Fungi, p. 285.

Stromata cespitose-connate, oblong-obovate, stipitate, carbona-
ceous, black, fragile; fertile head about 1 cm. long by 5-6 mm. wide,
obtusely pointed at the apex, divided by a horizontal partition across
the middle, the space above being occupied by the perithecia, and the
cavity below loosely filled with pseudoparenchymatic matter. Stipe
thick, about 1 cm. long. Perithecia membranaceous, subcylindrical,
about 5 mm. long, with a slender neck piercing the crustaceous outer
layer of the stroma and terminating in obscurely punctiform ostiola.
Asci obovate-clavate, subsessile, 21-28x10-14 u, 8-spored, (par-
aphysate)? Sporidia conglobate, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, almost trun-
cate at the ends, continuous, brown, 10-17 x 10-12 ju.

On fallen branches, Nicaragua (Wright).

The above diagnosis is from specc. in Herb. U. S. Dept. of Agri-
culture, collected by Wright in Nicaragua. The young stromata are
at first entirely enclosed in a common carbonaceous stroma (see PI. 38,
fig. 2) from which they finally emerge separate and distinct. The
specimens differ somewhat from those collected in Cuba by Poppig,
and figured as Camillea Sagrmana by Dr. Rehm, in Hedwigia, 1889,
pp. 300 and 301, in being distinctly stipitate, with the stromata not
constricted in the middle; the sporidia also, in the Cuban specimens,
are smaller (9-10x4//). Currey in his Compound Sphcerias (plate
XLV, fig. 24) also figures the sporidia of M. Sagrceana and makes
them 10 ju long, but whether the Nicaragua specc. are specifically dis-
tinct, can only be determined by the examination of a more complete
set of specimens.

664

XYLARIA Hill.

Hist. Plant, p. 62 and 63.

Stroma erect or ascending, cylindrical, clavate, filiform, often
compressed, simple or branched, of a corky, leathery or fleshy consist-
ence, black outside, mostly white within. Perithecia sunk in the
stroma but more or less prominent, globose or ovate, with a short neck
and a papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored. Sporidia
elliptical orfusoid, continuous, black, mostly inequilateral.

A. Head fertile throughout. (Xyloglossa.)

* Head clavate; stipe slender, elongated.

X. euglossa, Fr. Nov. Syinb. p. 124.

Stroma clavate, bare, thickened above, obtuse, smooth, argilla-
ceous, black-punctate from the minute ostiola, light-cinereous in the
center, darker towards the surface. Perithecia entirely immersed,
subglobose, black. Stipe slender elongated, smooth, becoming black.
Asci linear. Sporidia oblong, brown.

In Costa Rica (Oersted).

Has the form of Geoglossum difforme, but larger, 3 inches or
more high; when dry, often arcuate-incurved or twisted, and very hard,
almost like stone, longitudinally rugose when dry. In the form and
color of the club (which is of a dirty pallid hue) it resembles Clavaria
Jigida, thickened above and obtuse, properly black, but apparently
smeared over with alutaceous-clay color, subdistinct from the stipe.
Sporidia uniseriate, subacute at the ends, occasionally curved.

X. olobapha, Berk, (in Herb. Kew), Cke. in Grev. XI, p. 84.

Stroma erect, clavate, rufous, attenuated below into a short, slen
der, glabrous, equal stipe. Perithecia globose, black. Ostiola papilli-
form, flattened. Asci cylindrical, stipitate. Sporidia lanceolate,
straight or curved, brown, 20-22 x 8| /i.

On trunks, Brazil and Mexico.

X. rhopalodes, (Kunze).

Sphceria rhopalodes, Kze. Kxs.

Xylaria rhopalodes, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1855, III, p. 99, Sacc. Syll. 1234.

This is said to be found in Mexico, Carolina and Texas, but no
description is given except that the asci are cylindrical, short-stipitate,
8-spored. Sporidia 8-10 p. long.

X. protea, Fr. Nov. Symb. p. 125.

Stroma suberose-indurated, lanceolate, obtuse, corrugated, bare,

665

black, white inside; stipe slender, equal, glabrous. Perithecia globose,
subimmersed, peripherical. Ostiola prominent, depressed-hemispheric-
al. Asci linear. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, curved, opake.

On trunks, Costa Rica (Oersted).

Resembles X. comiformis, but has a slender, very smooth, var-
nished, very fragile stipe, about 2 mm. thick, and when dry, cavernose-
rugose. Club or head about 1J inches long, £ of an inch thick, obtuse,
bare, black, apparently rimose-corrugated, but really the surface is
only densely colliculose from the slightly prominent perithecia with
their papillose ostiola depressed. Perithecia rather large, exactly
globose, peripherical, subirregularly arranged, with the nucleus black.

X. tentaculata, B. & Br. Grev. IV, p. 48, Cuban Fungi, 796.

Stem an inch high, not a line thick. Head cylindrical, 1-2 lines
(2-4 mm.) long. Ostiola prominent, tending upwards, crowned by
several tentacular processes about \ an inch long. Allied to Xylariu
co?nosa, Mont.

In shaded swamps, among mosses and rotten wood, South Caro-
lina (Ravenel).

** Head subclavate; stipe short, thick or obsolete.
X. polymorpha, (Pers.)

Sphceria polymorpha, Pers. Comm. p. 149.
Valsa clavata, Scopoli, Flora Carniol. p. 398.
Xylaria clavata, Schrauck, Bayrische Flora, II, p. 566.
Clavaria digitata and hybrida, Bull. Champ, de Franc. I, p. 192 and 194.
Sphceria digitata, Muller in Flora Danica, XV, p. 6, tab. 900.
Xylaria polymorpha, Grev. Flora Edin. p. 355.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1061, 2267.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 428.— Rehra Asc. 427.— Ell. N. A. F.
1300.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 12.— Roum. F. G. 666.— Sydow, M. March, 183, 1655, 1736.

Stromata solitary or 2-6 or more ccspitose-connected at base,
upright, either simple or cylindrical, subattenuated above and below,
mostly obtuse ; or obovote, compressed, more or less sublobate-divided,
globose or otherwise irregular in shape, thick, bare, at first dirty-
brown, becoming black, not shining, very variable in size from 2-4 cm.
high and § cm. thick, to 8-11 cm. high and 2|-3 cm. thick. Peri-
thecia crowded, tolerably large, ovate or globose, with a papilliform
ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, long-stipitate, 8-spored, 140-1 80 (p. sp)x
8-10 fj.. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical or fusoid, subacute at the ends,
subinequilateral or curved, continuous, brown, 20-30 x 6-9 //.

On decaying stumps and logs, common.

The head or perithecia-bearing part is much longer and larger
than the stipe which is very short or almost none.
84

M6

X. conocephala, B. & C. Cuban Fungi, No. 781.

Very large, cespitose from an obtusely conical base, umber color,
rimulose, here and there contracted in drying. Ostiola scattered, sub-
prominent. Stipe short, longitudinally sulcate.

On rotten wood, Ohio (Morgan).

The Ohio specc. were determined by Cooke, and from them we
add the following notes: Fertile heads 6-9 cm. long, about 1 cm.
thick, subcylindrical, dirty-brown outside, quite hard when dry and
lacunose-wrinkled, arising from a common, subtuberculiform base
4-5 x 2-3 cm. Perithecia sunk in the stroma, ovate, about 1 mm.
high by | mm. wide, necks short, terminating in the scattered, hemi-
spheric-prominent, rather large, black ostiola (about like those of
Nummularia Bidliardi). Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 80-85 /i long.
Sporidia uniseriate, navicular-fusoid, opake, 15-18 x 4J-5 p.

X. castorea, Berk. Fl. Nov. Zel. p. 204, tab. 105, fig. 10.

Stipe short, at first spongy-velutinous, then bare, rugose. Head
clavate, elliptical or ovate, obtusely rounded at the apex, much com-
pressed, minutely areolate and roughened by the more or less promi-
nent ostiola. Asci narrow. Sporidia ovoid-oblong, fuliginous, 10 [x
long. )

On rotten wood, Ohio (Morgan).

The above diagnosis is from Saccardo's Sylloge. The Ohio specc.
(det. by Cke.) are cespitose, arising from a common spongy-velutinous,
irregular-shaped base 1-2 cm. high, stipes less than 1 cm. long; heads
1J-3 cm. long, |-1 cm. wide, flattened, brown. Perithecia ovate-
globose, about | mm. high, monostichous, buried. Ostiola papilliform
or subhemispherical, prominent in the mature specc. Asci (p. sp.)
50-60 x 5 //, with a slender stipe about one-half as long. Sporidia
uniseriate, elliptical, slightly inequilateral, 7-8x4-5 /i. The surface
of the clubs, especially in the immature, dry specc, is cracked into
minute areolae. Resembles X. corniformis, Fr., only broader and
compressed.

X. Titan, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 47.

"Five inches long, 2 inches wide, sausage-shaped, convex on one
side, hollow on the other, hard, solid, dirty-white, stained with the
sporidia and dotted with the prominent ostiola."

(On wood)? Texas (Lindheimer).

X. fulvella, B. & C. Cuban Fungi, No. 788.

Clavate, rubiginose, papillate. Perithecia subprominent. Ostiola

667

black. Stipe cylindrical, pale yellow, lineate-rugose. Sporidia ob-
long, 7j /i long.7'

On rotten wood, Cuba and Alabama.

«** ffea(l subglobose.

X. cudonia, B. & C. 1. c.

Slightly laccate, shining; stem J an inch long, nearly 2 lines thick
above. Head semiglobose, five-twelfths of an inch across, slightly
papillose from the projecting perithecia. Ostiola very small.

On a dead tree, Santee canal, South Carolina (Ravenel).

X. clavulus; B. & €. Grev. IV, p. 47.

" Gregarious, seriate. A miniature of the preceding. Stem with
the head about 1 line high, not laccate, rather thick for the size of the
plant, penetrating the convex^ papillate head. A very curious little
species."

On the dead stem of some grass, Texas (Wright).

B. Head fertile throughout, stipe villous (Xylocoryne).
* Head clavaie, stipe slender, elongated.
X. Geoglossum, (Schw.)

SphcBria Geoglossum, Schw. in Journ. Phil. Acad. V, tab. i, fig. 4.
Xylaria Geoglossum, Sacc. Syll. 1245, Cke. Syn. 691.

Carnose-suberose, simple, very black. Head tongue-shaped, com-
pressed, somewhat furrowed, falcate, obtuse at the apex. Perithecia
oblong, black, subpronrinent, white inside. Ostiola minute, scarcely
prominent. Stipe three times longer than the head, squamulose, sub-
hirsute at the base, slender, suberose, black outside, white within.
About an inch high. Resembles a Geoglossum.

Sent from New York by Dr. Torrey. No habitat given.

X. multiflda, (Kunze).

Sphceria muUifida, Kze. sec. Leveille in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1845, III, p. 45.
Xylaria multijida, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 85.

Conidial stroma erect, furcately and palmately divided, whitish.
Ascigerous stroma simple, erect, black, clavate. Stipe as long as the
head, slender, black, (glabrous)? Perithecia globose, black, subpromi-
nent. Asci cylindrical, stipitate. Sporidia fusiform, obtuse, inequi-
lateral, brown, 10-12x4-5 [i.

On trunks, Java and Central America.

Greatly resembles X. Hypoxylon, of which it may be a variety.

668

X. multiplex, (Kze. & Fr.)

Sphceria multiplex, Kze. & Fr. in L,inn. 1830. p. 536.
Xylaria multiplex, B. & C. Cuban Fungi, No. 795.

Cespitose, suberose, dark brown, fertile heads terete-compressed,
subdivided, smooth, white inside. Stipes elongated, leprose-villose.
Perithecia entirely immersed, globose, crowded. Ostiola punctiform,
then subdilated. Sporidia ovoid, 20-22 // long.

On trunks, in Mexico (Hogberg).

X. fastigiata, Fr. Nov. Symb. p. 127.

Stipes densely cespitose-fasciculate, joined at the base, and often
grown together so as to appear branched, very variable, compressed,
angular, or often torulose and flexuous, an inch or more long, about a
line thick, not villose, but covered at first with an appressed, scaly
brown coat which finally disappears. Head not separated from the
stipe, on which also scattered perithecia occur, slightly swollen, scarcely
2 lines (4 mm.) thick, unequal, bare, fastigiate, black. Perithecia
small, in a thin, black, peripherical layer, globose and slightly promi-
nent. Asci (in the specc. examined) dissolved. Sporidia oblong,
somewhat curved, opake.

On trunks, in Costa Rica (Oersted).

Allied to X. scruposa and X. multiplex.

** Head clavate, stipe short.
X. corniformis, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 381.

Sphceria corniformis, Fr. Elench. II, p. 57.
Exsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. IV, 30.— Ell. N. A. F. 82, id. 83 (conidia).

Stromata scattered or subgregarious, sometimes two or three con
nected at base, simple, clavate, not compressed, obtuse at the apex
3-5 cm. high and 4-5 mm. thick, white at first, becoming brownish
black, surface often minutely areolate-rimose. Head clavate, 2-3 cm
long, surface roughened by the slightly prominent, papilliform ostiola
white inside. Stipe short, black, arising from a spongy tubercular
base. Perithecia monostichous, peripherical, small (J mm.). Asci
cylindrical, stipitate, 8-spored, p. sp. 60-70 x 5-6 [l Sporidia obliquely
uniseriate, inequilaterally elliptical, obtuse at the ends, brown, 8-10 x
4|-5 fi.

On decaying trunks of magnolia, maple, &c, from New York to
Michigan and Texas.

Sphceria flabellif or mis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1164, is an abortive
form in which the head consists of a tuft of flattened, palmately-

669

divided, flesh-colored branches, thickly dusted over with innumerable
oblong-elliptical, hyaline conidia about 3xl| ju. Peck finds in New
York State a variety of the ascigerous form much flattened and
irregular in shape. The same is found at Newfield, N. J.

C. Head with the apex sterile; stipe glabrous (Xylostyla).
* Head clavate, simple.

X. graminicola. Gerard, in Peck's 26th Rep. p. 85.

Slender, simple, 3-5 cm. high. Head cylindrical, \\ cm. long,
2 mm. thick, brown-black, colliculose-roughened by the prominent
perithecia, apex sterile. Stem slender, glabrous, \\ cm. long, arising
from a brown, felt-like subiculum. Perithecia small, \ mm. or less,
peripherical, prominent, with black, papilliform ostiola. Asci cylin-
drical, stipitate. p. sp. 55-60 x 5 /u, with abundant paraphyses. Spo-
ridia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, continuous, 7-9 x 3|-4 /i.

On decaying roots of grasses, New York (Gerard).

The diagnosis is from specc. sent by Gerard. The head or club
is said to be greenish-pulverulent at first.

X. mucronata, (Schw.)

SphcBria mucronata, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 4, Journ. Acad. Phil. V, tab. 1, fig. 1.
Xylaria mucronata, Sacc. Syll. 1279.

Carnose, simple, liver-color; head thickened, irregular, becoming
yellow, apex sterile, mucronate. Stipe subsquamose, inflexed, com-
pressed, an inch high, J of an inch thick. Asci moniliform, becoming-
cylindrical. Sporidia globose, black.

Rare; on a trunk of Liriodendron, North Carolina (Schw.).

X. grandis, Pk. 26th Rep. p. 85.

Large, blackish-brown, irregular, obtusely pointed and rusty-
brown at the sterile tip, abruptly narrowed at base, central substance
white. Perithecia subglobose. Sporidia subfusiform, pointed at each
end, straight or slightly curved, 20-23 p. long. Stem branched, radi-
cate, often greatly elongated. Plant 3-5 inches high; heads 1J-3
inches long, J-l inch thick.

On the ground, Portage, N. Y. (Clinton).

We have seen no specimens. •

** Heads connate or branched.

X. digitata, (Linn.)

Clavaria digitata, Linn. Syst. Veg. XV, p. ioio.
Clavaria Hypoxylon, SchsefF. Icon. Fung. tab. 265 (sec. Fr.).
Sphcsria clavata, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. 1, tab. 4, fig. 2.
Sphceria digitata, Ehr. Beitrag, VI, p. 7.
Xylaria digitata, Grev. Flora Edin. p. 356.
Hypoxylon digitatum, L,ink. Handbk. Ill, p. 348.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2547.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 46.— Rav. Fungi Car. V, 50. •

670

Stromata erect, tufted, connate below, thick, dark-brown, leprose-
velutinous, becoming glabrous, round and simple, gradually attenuated
above, rarely obtuse or 2-3-dichotomously divided, rarely more or less
compressed and forked, covered at first with the white conidial hymen-
ium. Conidia obovate-subglobose, very small; fertile head occupy-
ing the middle of the stroma, attenuated below into a short stipe and
ending above in a sterile apex. Perithecia numerous, densely crowded,
slightly prominent, with papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical, long-
pedicellate, 8-spored, p. sp. 100-120x7 p. Sporidia overlapping-
uniseriate, navicular-fusoid, subobtuse and slightly curved, dark brown,
12-16x5-6 a.

On rotten wood, New York (Peck), Ohio (Morgan), Carolina
(Ravenel), Texas (Lindheimer).

All the specc. we have seen have the fertile stroma distinctly com-
pressed, and sporidia shorter than the measurements (18-20x5-6 fi)
given for the European specc.

*** Stroma filiform.

X. filiformis, (A. & S.)

Sphceria filiformis, A. & S. Conspect. p. 2, tab. Ill, fig. 5.
Xylaria filiformis, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 382.
Exsicc. Rab. F. F. 57, 917— Ell. N. A. F. 163.— Ell. & Fvrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1948.
Roum. F. G. 2091. — Sydow, M. March. 2242.— Rav. Fungi Car. II, 55.

Stromata scattered, erect, filiform, 2-3 inches high, and in the
fertile part about 1 mm. thick, at first reddish (rose-colored) at the
elongated, sterile apex, fertile head shorter than the stipe, roughened
by the strongly prominent, globose, \ mm. diam. perithecia which are
almost superficial. Asci cylindrical, 80-100 /i long, p. sp. 70-75 n
long, Sporidia 1-2-seriate, 2-nucleate, fusoid, subinequilateral, olive-
brown, 14-18 x 3-3J jjl (13-14 x 5-6 /i, Winter).

On decaying leaves of Magnolia glauca, Newfield, N. J., on
decaying leaves, South Carolina (Ravenel), New York (Peck).

The stroma is often entirely sterile, appearing then like a black
rhizomorphoid thread.

X. subterranea, (Schw.) (Plate 39)

Sphceria subterranea, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1162.
Xylaria subterranea, Sacc. Syll. 1281.
Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 771.

Filiform, simple or branching from the base or (the sterile part)
anastomosely branched, attached to the matrix by a thin, felt-like
subiculum; stems 3 inches to nearly a foot long, hardly more than
2 mm. thick, light-colored at first from the conidial layer, then black,

671

sterile at the apex. Perithecia ovate-globose, about J mm. diam.,
unequally crowded, or scattered at intervals along the stem, singly or
2-4 together, broadly prominent, with a coni.c-papilliform ostiolum.
Asci (p. sp.) cylindrical, 75-85 x5//, with a slender stipe and abundant
paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, attenuated at the
ends, subinequilateral, 10-12x4-5 /*.

On decaying wood in wells and cisterns, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.
& Rau), New Jersey (Torrey), West Chester, Pa. (Fergus).

The fungus, as found by Mr. Rau, grew on the sides of an old
wooden pump standing in a well. Where the long, rhizomorphoid*
stems come in contact with the wood, they are attached to it (for sup-
port, apparently) by a thin, felt-like, black subiculum, and at these
points, adjacent stems are often connected by anastomosing branches
which are sterile, only the free portions of the stems bearing peri-
thecia.

D. Head with the apex sterile, stipe villose (Xylodactyla).

* Head clavate, simple.

X. persicaria, (Schw.)

Sphczria persicaria, Schw. Syn. Car. No. 9.
Xylaria persicaria, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 48.

Cespitose. Stem flexuous, rarely branched, rooting, 3 inches long
and over, about as thick as a crow's quill, at first greenish-villose,
finally black (or sec. specc. examined by Fries) ferruginous. Peri-
thecia very prominent, situated in the middle of the club or head,
which is slightly flesh-colored, becoming light yellow.

On peach pits, Carolina (Schw.).

The length of the stem varies according to the depth at which the
pits are buried in the soil — sometimes 6 inches long. The specc. in
Herb. Schw. are branched above, but are immature.

X. acuta, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 101.

Gregarious or subcespitose, 1-1 1 inches high. Club cylindrical
or subfusiform, generally with a sterile, acute apex, blackish-brown,
central substance white, with a radiating structure. Stem involved in
a dense, purplish tomentum, which causes it to appear bulbous. Peri-
thecia globose, black. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, sometimes slightly
curved, colored, 15-17 // long.

On mossy, decaying logs, in woods, New York (Peck).

We have seen no specimens of this, but it is probably not distinct
from X. digitata.

672

X. carpophila, (Pers.)

Sphceria carpophila, Pers. Obs. Mycol. I, p. 19.
Xylaria carpophila, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 382.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1066.— Kze. F. Sel. 156.— Rehm Asc. 150.— Thum. M. U. 1266.
Sydow, M. March. 1063.— Roum. F. G. 1383.

Stroma erect or ascending, slender, lanceolate, often curved,
simple or spathulate-enlarged at the apex and cleft or two-parted, or
sometimes with two heads on one stipe, mostly round, but sometimes
subcompressed, black, more or less woolly-tomentose at base. Club
thicker and mostly shorter than the stem, mostly cylindric-lanceolate,
bearing only a few, sometimes only one, perithecinm, the sterile apex
subulate, otherwise roughened by the somewhat prominent, globose or
ovate perithecia, with papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical, stipitate,
8-spored, p. sp. 80x6 fi. Sporidia uniseriate, obtuse-fusoid, dark
brown, inequilateral, 12-16x5 p.. Conidia ovate, very small.

On nuts of Liquidambar, South Carolina (Ravenel), on decaying
hickory nuts, Pennsylvania (Everhart), on old cones of magnolia, New-
field, N. J.

The length of the stem varies according to the depth at which
the nuts from which it grows are buried.

** Stroma furcate or divided.

X. Hypoxylon, (Linn.)

Clavaria Hypoxylon, Ivinn. Flora Suec. Ed. II, p. 457.

Clavaria hirta, Batsch Elench, Cont. I, p. 229.

Clavaria cornuta, Bull. Champ, torn. I, p. 193, tab. CL,XXX.

Valsa digitata, Scopoli, Flora Carniol. II, p. 398.

Sphceria cornuta, Hoff. Veg. Crypt. I, p. 11.

Sphceria digitata, Bolton Fungi Hal. Ill, p. 130.

Sphceria Hypoxylon, Pers. Obs. Mycol. I, p. 20.

Sphceria ramosa, Dicks. Plant. Crypt. Brit. IV, p. 27.

Xylaria Hypoxylon, Grev. Flor. Edin, p. 355.
Exsicc. Thum. F. Austn 766.— Cke. F. Brit. Ser. I, 363, Ser. II, 215.— Roum. F. Gall. 172.
Kze. F. Sel. 155. — Kriegr, F. Sax. 141— I,inht. F. Hung. 71.— Sydow, M. March.
342.— Rehm Asc. 825.— Rav. F. Am. 648.— Ell. N. A. F. 162.— Desm. Pi. Crypt, de
France, Ed. I, 331.

Stroma erect, simple or variously branched, round or compressed,
black, woolly-tomentose at base, 5-8 cm. high, lanceolate, with a
sterile tip ; stem mostly short, distinct from the fertile head, which is
roughened by the more or less prominent, ovate, thickly crowded,
black perithecia with papilliform ostiola. Asci cylindrical, long-
stipitate, 8-spored, p. sp. 75-80 x 7-8 ju. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate,
fusoid, inequilateral, obtuse at each end, black, 12-16 x 5-6 pi

On rotten wood, common.

The conidial hymenium which covers the young stroma is white:
conidia fusoid, 10 x 3 //.

673
X. coniu-dainae, (Schw.) Berk.

Sphtzria comu-damcE, Schw. Syu. N. Am. 1163.
Xylaria cornu-damce ', Berk. Grev. IV, p. 48.
Exsice. Rav. Fungi Car. Fasc. I, No. 45.

Suberose, subradicate, 1-4 inches high, simple and cylindrical or
often compressed and furcately divided above, sometimes three or
more clubs borne at the apex of a single stipe, covered at first with
the white conidial hymenium, finally very black ; heads fertile to the
subobtuse apex or oftener with a narrow, short, sterile tip, |-| cm.
diarn., contracted rather abruptly below into the rather slender
(1-2 cm. long) stipe, which arises from a purplish-black tomenturn.
Perithecia globose, J mm. diam., rather prominent, black, with a papil-
liform or short-cylindrical ostiolum. Asci narrow-cylindrical, p. sp.
100-110x5/*. Sporidia uniseriate, fusoid, slightly curved, brown,
becoming nearly black, continuous, 14-20 x3J-4J p (mostly about

15x31 /i).

On rotten wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The measurements are from the specc. in Herb. Schw. and in
Rav. F. Car. Differs from X. Hypoxylon in its more robust growth
and larger sporidia.

X. pedunculata, (Dicks).

Sphceria pedunculata, Dicks. Crypt. Brit. IV, p. 27, tab. XII, fig. 8.
Xylaria pedunculata, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 382.

Stroma emerging from the ground, rather thick, flexuous, dark
brown, simple or rarely sparingly branched, covered at first by the
cinereous conidial hymenium. Fertile head subglobose, roughened
by the prominent perithecia, acutely conical and sterile at the apex.
Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia broadly ovate,
very obtuse, straight, obliquely uniseriate, brown, becoming black and
opake, surrounded by a thick, hyaline, gelatinous stratum, 40 x 20 p.

On muddy ground mixed with manure, Missouri (Engelman).

We have seen no American specc. and cannot say whether this
is the genuine X. pedunculata, (Dicks.) or var. pusilla, Tul. Sel. Carp.
II, p. 18, tab. II, figs. 1-28, which is the Xylaria Tulasnei, Nitschke
Pyr. Germ. p. 8.

SUBORDER. HYSTERUCE.E.

Perithecia simple, erumpent-superficial, oblong or linear, mem-
branaceous, coriaceous, or carbonaceous, rarely subcarnose at first,
becoming black, opening by a narrow crack or cleft extending along
the entire length of the perithecium. Asci paraphysate, 4-8-spored.
(Sacc. Syll. II, p. 721).
85

674

The Hysteriacem form the connecting link between the Pyreno-
mycetes and Discomycetes, but on account of their mostly carbona-
ceous perithecia and the character of their sporidia, seem more closely
allied to the former. It was not at first intended to include the
Hysteriacece in this work, and no drawings were made to illustrate
the genera; but as many members of this group are widely diffused
and often met with, it seems better to give a brief account of the
species thus far recorded as found in North America.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Sporidia hyaline.

* Sporidia continuous.

Perithecia subcarbonaceous, flattened or convex,

minute. ...... Schizothyriuin.

** Sporidia uniseptate.

Perithecia membranaceous, minute, simple or

branched, flattened. - - - Aylographum.

Perithecia carbonaceous, simple or obscurely

branched. - - - - Glonium.

Perithecia stellate. Actidium.

Perithecia subcarnose. ..... Angelina.

*** Sporidia 'd-pluriseptate.

Perithecia carbonaceous. Gloniella.

" subcoriaceous. - - - - Dichazna.

**** Sporidia muriform.

Perithecia carbonaceous. ..... . (Gloniopsis).

***** Sporidia filiform.

(a) Sporidia much shorter than the ascus.
Perithecia membranaceous, flattened. - - Hypoderma.

(b) Sporidia nearly as long as the ascus.
Perithecia elongated, flattened, membranaceous. Lophodermium.
Perithecia elongated, conchiform, subcarbonaceous. Lophium.
Perithecia elongated, coriaceo-subcarnose. - Clithris.

Perithecia subsphaeroid. - • - - - - Ostropa.

B. Sporidia brown.

* Sporidia uniseptate.

Perithecia coriaceous, widely dehiscent. - - Tryblidium.
Perithecia elongated, coriaceous. - - - (Lembosia).

** Sporidia 3-pluriseptate.
Perithecia carbonaceous. ..... Hysterium.

" coriaceous. {Tryblidiella).

675

Perithelia conchiform. - Mytilidion.

" subcarbonaceous, striate. - - Ostreion.

*** Sporidia muriform.
Peritliecia carbonaceous. .... Hysterographium.

SCHIZOTHYRIUM, Desm.

Ann. Sci. Nat. XI, p. 360.

Perithecia simple, subsuperficial, subcarbonaceous, flattened or
somewhat convex, opening with a longitudinal crack or furrow. Asci
8-spored. Sporidia ovoid or subfusoid, subhyaline.

The American representatives of this genus are not well known.
We have no authentic specc. of any of the species, and take the diag-
noses from Duby's "Memoire sur la Tribu Des Hysterines."

S. Verbasci, (Schw.)

Hysterium Verbasci, Schw. in Duby Hyst. p. 33, not Hysterium Verbasci, Schw.

Syn. N. Am. 2093.
Schizothyrium Verbasci, Sacc. Syll. 5558.

Erumpent, scattered, straight, black, linear, narrow, acute at each
end; lips swollen, narrow, obtuse, smooth, only slightly separated,
leaving a deep but narrow opening between them. Asci clavate,
shorter than the filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, ellipsoid,
hyaline, continuous, with granular contents.

On stems of Verbascum, Carolina (Schw.).

This is a very different thing from the Hysterium Verbasci in
Herb. Schw., which is a Hysterographium (Gloniopsis). Possibly
Duby's specimens were immature, the sporidia not having yet become
septate.

S. cinerascens, (Schw. & Duby).

Hysterium cinerascens, Schw. in Duby Mem. des Hyst. p. 32, tab. 1, fig. 15.
Henriquesia cinerascens, Sacc. Syll. 5565.

Erumpent, at length innate-superficial, gregarious or crowded.
black, elongated-linear, acuminate at the ends; lips swollen, obtuse,
not striate, but faintly rugulose, sometimes rimose, leaving a linear,
more or less narrow and deep, straight, or subflexuous opening between
them. Asci ovate-clavate, with shorter, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
biseriate, ovoid, continuous, hyaline, granular.

On denuded, decaying wood, Carolina? (Schw.).

This, too, is very different from the Hysterium cinerascens, in
Herb. Schw., which has hyaline, muriform sporidia.

676

OSTROPA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 401.

Perithecia immersed, orbicular, of a corky, horn-like texture, firm,
with a prominent papilla, rather large, with a longitudinal dehiscence
and swollen lips. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia lying parallel, closely
packed, typically filiform, multiseptate or multiguttulate, hyaline.
Paraphyses slender.

Placed by Dr. Rehm among the Discomycetes, (Die Pilze III,
j). 185).

0. cinerea, (Pers.)

Hysterium cinereum, Pers. Syn. p. 99.
Sphceria barbara, Fr. S. M. II, p. 468.
Kxsicc. Moug. & Nest. 966.— Desra. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 621.

Perithecia scattered, the base immersed in the wood or, more
rarely, in the bark, finally emergent, gray-cinereous, finally shining-
black, rather large, with a prominent papilla, depressed-sphaeroid,
opening with an elongated fissure extending nearly across. Asci
cylindrical or filiform, 180-200x7-10 //, thickened at the apex,
8-spored. Sporidia filiform, 1 80 x 1 \ [jl, multiseptate, hyaline or yel-
lowish-hyaline. Paraphyses very slender, branching, evanescent.

Fries, in S. M. II, p. 468, doubtfully refers to this species, speci-
mens on wood of Liquidambar from Carolina.

About as large as a hemp seed. The conical or papilliform
ostiolum is rarely seen, the perithecium being generally split across
the top like a Hysterium.

0. sphserioides, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1829.

Perithecia scattered or aggregated, but not confluent, rather large,
orbicular-elliptical, erumpent, subcompressed, black, subrugose, open-
ing with a short transverse cleft, almost like the ostiolum of Tremato-
sphceria pertusa.

On a piece of dry wood, New England (Torrey).

0. ruguldsa, Schw. 1. c. 1830.

Perithecia arranged in long, effused, confluent groups, the single
perithecia scarcely distinct, carbonaceous, very black outside, brown
inside, striate-rimose, innate in the cinereous colored wood which is
raised into a tubercle, at length subdehiscent. The surface of the
perithecia is generally flattened and rugulose.

On decorticated spots on a decaying log of Juglans cinerea, Erie
Co., Pa. (Schw.).

677

0. hysterioides, Schw. 1. c. No. 1831.

Perithecia often longitudinally confluent, navicular, striate, black,
often deformed; dehiscence transverse, lips subobtuse, adnate-erum-
pent, visibly contracted towards the base, so that sometimes it becomes
substipitate like a Lophium. Asci diffluent.

Rare; on old bleached oak wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

0. cinerascens, Schw. 1. c. No. 1832.

Perithecia thickly scattered, minute, brown-black, raising the
wood into tubercles, marked with a longitudinal cleft, elliptical, innate ;
at first covered with a veil. The ostioloid cleft is slightly prominent.

On bare wood of Liriodendron, which is faintly cinerascent, but
not covered with a crust, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The fructification of this and the three preceding Schweinitzian
species is unknown. The specimens in Herb. Schw. are all sterile,
and the species must be considered as very doubtful productions.

AYLOGRAPHUM, Lib.

Crypt. Ard. No. 272.

Perithecia minute, sublinear, simple or somewhat branched, mem-
branaceous, opening with a narrow cleft or crack. Asci short, typically
8-spored and aparaphysate. Sporidia ovate-oblong, uniseptate, hyaline
or brown.

* Sporidia hyaline.

A. vagum, Desm. Ann. ScL Nat. XIX, p. 362.

Hysterium micrographum, De Not. Micr. Ital. dec. IV, fig. III.
Exsicc. Desm. Pi. Crypt, de Franc. Ed. I, 1629.

Perithecia innate-superficial, minute, black, straight or curved,
simple or branching by confluence, amphigenous, scattered; lips closed,
forming a narrow ridge or crust along the vertex of the perithecium.
Asci ellipsoid, 25-35 x 12-15 fi. Sporidia obovate-oblong, uniseptate
and constricted, hyaline, 10-12 x 4 //.

On fallen and decaying leaves of Ilex opaca, Newfield, N. J.,
and on decaying petioles of Sabal serrulata, Florida (Martin).

A. Pinorum, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. II, Ser. torn. 10, p. 314.

Exsicc. Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. I, 994.

Perithecia adnate-superficial, scattered or gregarious, linear,
straight or curved, simple or branching by confluence, black; lips
closed when dry, slightly open when fresh. Asci clavate, 30-40 x

678

7-8 //, obscurely paraphysate, 8-spored (6-10-spored, Desm.). Sporidia
subbiseriate, obovate, hyaline, uniseptate and slightly constricted at
the septum, 6-7 x 2| ji.

On very old, dry, dead leaves of Pimis rigida, Newfield, N. J.

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from the spec; in
Desm. 1. c.

A. quercinum, Ell. & Martin, in Am. Nat. Dec. 1883, p. 1283.

Kxsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2066.

Perithecia epiphyllous, scattered or oftener collected in orbicular
patches, oblong or linear, often branched, opening by a longitudinal
fissure along the center, mostly less than 1 mm. long, straight or
curved, bordered with a fringe of mycelium at the base. Asci ovate,
20-25 x 15-18 jjl, 8-spored. Sporidia conglobate, obovate, uniseptate,
hyaline, 10-14 x 6-7 jjl (including the hyaline envelope).

On leaves of Quercus virens, Florida (Martin & Calkins), Louisi-
ana (Langlois).

A. gracile, Ell. & Martin, (in Herb.)

Perithecia epiphyllous, on orbicular, dark brown spots 3-4 mm.
diam., linear, straight or curved, often branched, about 1 mm. long and
60-70 /a wide, opening by a longitudinal fissure along the center.
Asci ovate, 20-25x10-12 //, 8-spored. Sporidia conglobate, ovate,
hyaline, uniseptate, 7-8x3-3| ju, including the hyaline envelope.

On leaves of Quercus aquatica, Houston, Texas (Ravenel).

Possibly this should be considered a var. of A. quercinum,
E. & M., but it differs in its longer, more slender perithecia on brown
spots, and its smaller sporidia.

A. Arundinarise, Cke. Grev. XIV, p. 14.

Perithecia erumpent, at length superficial, gregarious, linear,
straight, generally longitudinally confluent, 1-2 mm. long; lips closed,
black, subshining. Asci pyrifbrm, 8-spored. Sporidia subelliptical,
attenuated below, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline, 13-15 x 5 jjl.

On culms of Arundinaria, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

A. reticulatum, Phil. & Hark. 1. c. p. 23.

Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2065.

Perithecia suborbicular, convex, 300-350 ji diam., adnate-super-
ficial, scattered, thin, formed of reticulately interwoven hyphas; lips
thin, at first closely connivent, forming a narrow ridge extending only

679

partly across the .perithecium, finally rimose-dehiscent. Asci at first
globose, at length obovate, 15-22 x 12 fx. Sporidia inordinate, obovate,
nniseptate, hyaline, 8-12x3-3J fi (14x4 ju, Phil. & Hark.).

On the under side of leaves of Quercus agrifolia, California
(Harkness).

A. culmigenum, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. Q5.

Perithecia superficial, linear, straight or curved, slender, J-l mm.
long, but so narrow as scarcely to be visible to the naked eye ; often
with a sparing fringe of mycelium around the base; lips connivent,
closed or nearly so, and forming only a slight ridge along the crest of
the perithecium. Asci obovate, 12-15 x 10 /i, paraphysate, sometimes
nearly globose and then only 10-12 /i diam. Sporidia inordinate,
8 in an ascus, ovate, yellowish-hyaline, uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted, 5-6x2-2 J ii.

On basal sheaths of old, dead Andropogon] common around
Newfield, N. J.

Readily distinguished from A. Pinorum and from A. vagum,
Desm., by its obovate asci and narrower perithecia.

A. subconfluens, Pk. 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 70.

Perithecia small, numerous, thin, scattered or subconfluent, or-
bicular, elliptical or elongated, black. Asci oblong. Sporidia oblong-
clavate, hyaline, 8-10 ju long.

On dead stems of herbs, New York State (Peck).

Nothing is said of the mode of dehiscence.

** Sporidia uniseptate, brown (Lembosia).
A. litiirse, Cke. Grev. XII, p. 38.

Lembosia Liturce, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 1106.

Epiphyllous. Spots orbicular, brown. Perithecia linear, curved
or straight, seated on the spots; lips connivent. Asci saccate. Spo-
ridia biglobose, uniseptate, brown, 7Jx3| p.

On leaves of Quercus aquatica, Texas (Ravenel).

A. csespitosum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 151.

(Not Aylographum azspitosum, Cke. Grev. VIII, p. 95).
Lembosia ccespitosa, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 1107,

Growing in small (1 mm.), suborbicular clusters, on a subcrustose,
slightly prominent, black stroma, presenting the general appearance of
an erumpent Sphceria. Perithecia minute (J mm. or less in length),

680

applanate, opening with a rather broad cleft, the base mostly bordered
with brown, creeping threads. Asci ovate, sessile, 30x15/7. Spo-
i-idia crowded, oblong-fusiform, obtuse, hyaline and uniseptate at first,
becoming brown at length and often 3-septate, 15-20x3-5 //, con-
stricted at the middle septum. Differs from the usual type of Aylog-
raphum.

On bare wood of old cypress pickets, Louisiana (Langlois).

A. acicolum, Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 47.

Lembosia act'cola, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 1107.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, oblong, covered by the thin
epidermis, J-l mm. long, opening by a longitudinal fissure. Asci
oval, about 25 mm. in the longer diameter, 8-spored. Sporidia
crowded, inordinate, oblong-elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate, scarcely con-
stricted, finally brownish, about 15 x 6 fi.

On living leaves of Pinus sabiniana, Mt. Diablo, California
(Harknessj.

A. liicens, Hark. 1. c.

Lembosia lucens, Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 1107.

Perithecia flattened, oblong, sparsely scattered over slightly dis-
colored spots, \-\ mm. long, opening by a longitudinal fissure, semi-
immersed. Asci ovoid, 8-spored, 37 x 28 /i. Sporidia oblong, rounded
at the ends, uniseptate, slightly constricted, with a large vacuole in
each cell, hyaline, slowly becoming brown, 21 x 10 fi.

On living twigs of Garrya elliptica, Tamalpais, California (Hark-
ness).

GLONIUM, Muhl.

Fr. Syst. Mycol. II, p. 594.

Perithecia emergent, linear, elongated, rarely oblong, sometimes
radiately arranged, carbonaceous or tough-membranaceous, opening by
a longitudinal cleft. Asci cylindrical or clavate, 8-spored, paraphysate.
Sporidia uniseptate, hyaline or finally brownish.

G. stellatum, Muhl, in Fr. S. M. 1. c.

Solenarium bjssoideum, Spreng.
Kxsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. Ill, 43.— Rav. F. Am. 639.— Fll. N. A. F. 462.

Subiculum effused, brownish-black, indeterminate, 2 or more cm.
broad, thin, composed of slender, branching, interwoven fibers. Peri-
thecia adnate to the subiculum. anastomosely radiating and forming

681

patches 1-2 inches across, the branches crowded so as to entirely
cover the subicnlum, narrowly cleft, lips mostly closed. Asci cylin-
drical, 75-80x10 /i, short-stipitate, paraphysate. Sporidia 8 in an
ascus, overlapping-subbiseriate, fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate and con-
stricted at the septum, 20-22 x 5-6 /i.

On rotten wood, northern United States and Canada, and south
to Carolina; probably to be met with in other parts of the country.

The large patches of radiate perithecia are generally made up of
several smaller, orbicular patches, 3-4 mm. diam., confluent at their
adjacent margins and presenting a very neat appearance.

G. accumu latum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2016.

Subiculum scanty around the margin, coarsely fibrillose, about
one inch across, rising in an irregular, truncate-pyramidal shape, very
uneven and rough, on account of the ramose-radiate perithecia being
crowded and lying one above the other; half an inch thick. Color
the same as in the preceding species.

On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa, (Schw.).

Apparently a mere var. of G. stellatum, but regarded by Schw.
as distinct.

G. tryblidioides, E. & E. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 76.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1283.

Emergent, oblong, 1-2 mm. long, ends obtuse, lips incurved, dis-
tant, smooth, leaving the sooty disk more or less permanently exposed.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, sessile, 80-90x9-12 ju, overtopped by the
densely crowded paraphyses whose closely matted, dark-colored tips
give the sooty color to the disk. Sporidia uniseriate or partly
biseriate above, ovate, uniseptate, hyaline, 12-16x5-7 /a. In the
fresh state the swollen disk entirely hides the margin.

On old fence rails, Washington (Suksdorf ).

GL lineare, (Fr.)

Hysterium lineare, Fr. S. M. II. p. 583.
Glonium lineare, Sacc. Syll. 5588.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 463.— Rehm Asc. 365.— Sydow, M. March. 2951. -

Perithecia more or less crowded, sometimes longitudinally con-
fluent, mostly lying parallel, subimmersed in the wood which is often
blackened, linear, rather flat, straight or flexuous, ends obtuse, black,
smooth, lips slightly swollen 1-1 \ mm. long, about J mm. wide. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 75-90 x 12-14 /*. Paraphyses conglutinate, their
tips united above and forming a dark-colored, coarsely granular stra-
86

682

turn. Sporidia uniscriate, ovate, uniseptate and slightly constricted
at the septum, hyaline, 12-15 x 6-8'//.

On old decorticated wood of various deciduous trees, common.

(*. parvulum, (Ger.)

Hysterium parvulurn, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 40 (1874).
Glonium parvulum, Sacc. Syll. 5597.

Glonium microsporum, Sacc. M. Ven. Ser. IV, p. 25 (1875), F. Ital. tab. 121.
Hysterium aggregatum and Hysterium abbreviation, in Herb. Schw. (not H.
aggregatum, Duby).
Exsicc. EH. N. A. P. 153.— Rav. F. Am. 765.— Sacc. Myc. Ven. 12S1.

Perithecia densely gregarious, or sometimes more or less scat-
tered, seated on a thin, black crust, short (|-1 mm. long), black, sub-
rotund or oblong, sometimes slightly curved, ends obtuse, flattened
above and marked with a longitudinal groove, on each side of which,
in well matured perithecia, are one or two faint striae. Asci cylin-
drical, subsessile, 55-60 x 5-6 /*, paraphysate. Sporidia uniseriatey
oblique, rounded at the ends, hyaline, strongly constricted, about
7x3 fju

On decorticated wood of Alnus, New York (Gerard), on oakr
Newfield, N. J.

A careful comparison of the American specc. of Glonium parvu-
lum, (Ger.), with the spec, of G. microsporum, Sacc, in M. Venetar
leaves no doubt that the two are identical. In Sacc. Syll. the sporidia
of G. parvulum are given as 15-18 p long. Gerard (1. c.) makes them
5-7$ /ilong(.0002-.0003 in.),which is about the average length, though
some sporidia may reach a length of 8-9 p. The young perithecia are
generally quite flat on top, without any longitudinal groove, but this
appears later and is more distinct in the elongated forms.

GL caryigenum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, lying in different directions on the matrix,
small (J-l mm. long), oblong, straight or slightly curved, ends obtuse,
lips open so as to leave a tolerably wide and deep groove or furrow.
Asci cylindrical, about 70 x 10-12 p, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
either uniseriate or quite as often biseriate, ovate, uniseptate, hyaline,
slightly constricted at the septum, 12-15x5-6 p.

On an old decaying hickory nut lying on the ground, Newfield,

N.J.

This seems different from Hysterium nucicola, Schw., in the
absence of any black crust and the oblong, not ovate or hemispherical,
perithecia. The lips also leave a very distinct furrow between them.

683

G. graphicum, (Fr.)

Hysterium graphi cum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 581, Obs. Myc. I, p. 194.
Hysterium contortum, Dittm, in Sturm Deutschl. Fl. 3, I, p. 65.
Hysterographium conjungens, Karst. Symb. Mycol. Fenn. 259.
G Ionium graphicum, Duby, Hyst. p. 35.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, elongated, straight
or curved, rarely branched, smooth, black, lips at first connivent, at
length open, 1 mm. long, \ mm. wide. Asci oblong-clavate, rounded
above, very short-pedicellate, 60-70x21-25 jut, with thick, branching,
septate paraphyses with brownish tips. Sporidia conglobate, ovoid or
fusoid-oblong, straight or slightly curved, uniseptate, slightly or not at
all constricted in the middle, at length brownish or yellowish-brown,
28-38 x 9-12 fi (21-27 x 5-7 /*, Rehm).

On bark of Sassafras, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

G. varium, (Fr.)

Hysterium varium, Fr. S. M. II, p. 582.
Glonium varium, Saoc. Syll. 5598.

Innate-superficial, subelongated, variable, black, brown inside, the
subobsolete lips and disk black, lips obtuse, at first closed, finally open.
Asci elongated-clavate, 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia subuniseriate,
elliptic-oblong, uniseptate, 2-nucleate, 25x12-13 /*, ends subacute,
hyaline, finally brownish.

Very rare; on oak, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), Carolina (Berk, in
Grev.) Diagnosis from Sacc. Sylloge.

G. simulans, Gerard, Bull. Torr. Bot Club, VI, p. 78.

Gregarious, superficial, linear, oblong or subglobose, obtuse at the
ends, whole surface marked with close, fine, longitudinal stria?, mostly
about 1 mm. long, straight or slightly curved, lips closed. Asci sub-
cylindrical, with an abruptly narrowed, short, stipe-like base, 75-80 x
10-12 fi. Paraphyses linear with an abundance of yellowish granular
matter intermixed. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-oblong, uniseptate, hya-
line, slightly constricted at the septum, 11-15 x4-5 pu

On decaying, but still hard wood. New York, Canada, Pennsyl-
vania and Ohio; probably common in other sections.

G. nitidura, Ell. Grev. VIII, p. 13.

Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 570.

Perithecia densely gregarious, superficial, minute (\-\ mm. long),
lying parallel in the direction of the fibers of the bark, subconchiform,
faintly striate ; lips closed so as to form a narrow ridge or crest along

684

the apex of the perithecium. Asci cylindrical, sessile, 35-45x4 jjl,
(paraphysate)? Sporidia uniseriate, clavate-oblong, imiseptate, hyaline,
6-7 x 2-2J /jl.

On the inner surface of the loosened bark, on cedar (Cupressus
thyoides) stumps not much decayed; not uncommon around Newfield,
N.J.

G. chlorinum, (B. & €.)

Hysterium chlorinum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 12.
Glonium chlorinum, Sacc. Syll. 5595.

" Soon liberated from the cuticle, elevated from the bark, often
narrowed at the base, elliptical, at first greenish from a fine, powdery
coat which soon wears off; lips sulcate; disk greenish. Sporidia in
two rows, oblong, uniseptate, constricted in the middle, 7| jj. long; the
endochrome has frequently a little emargination.';

On twigs of Quercus aquatica, Alabama (Beaumont).

G. medium, (Cke.)

Hysterium medium, Cke. Texas Fungi, p. 183.
Glonium medium, Saec. Syll. 5604.

Perithecia oblong, about 1 mm. long, emergent, but only slightly
prominent, gregarious, lying parallel ; lips closed, forming a narrow,
subacute ridge along the top of the perithecium, finally more or less
open. Asci cylindrical, 50-60x4-5 /i. Sporidia ovoid, uniseptate,
hyaline, 6-8x3 //, (8-10x4 //, Cke.).

On decorticated branches of Berchemia, Houston, Texas (Rav-
enel). Diagnosis from a specimen from Ravenel.

G. Ravenelii, Cke. & Phil, in Rav. F. Am. 763.

Perithecia narrow-cylindrical, 1-2 mm. long, subflexuous, gre-
garious on a very thin, dark-colored subiculum which, however, is
sometimes wanting; lips closed or leaving only a very narrow cleft
between them, and with 2-3 distinct, longitudinal stride on each side.
Asci clavate-oblong, 75-80 x 12 ju. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, clav-
ate-oblong or clavate-fusoid, hyaline, uniseptate, about 20x5 fi.

On bark of Platanus, seaboard of South Carolina (Ravenel).
The diagnosis is from the spec, in Rav. F. Am. and from other specc.
sent by Ravenel.

G. velatum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, oblong, black, rounded off above towards
each end, rough and more or less distinctly longitudinally striate,
hardly more than 1 mm. long; lips only slightly swollen, closed at

685

first, finally opening partially. The perithecia are imbedded in and
covered, except the apex, by a thin, black, felt-like layer (Dendry-
phium) consisting of brown, branching hyphse, with abundant, cylin-
drical, nmltiseptate, brown, catenulate conidia 25-75 x 5-6 /x, borne
on short, upright branches. The septa in the conidia are about 4 /x
apart and there is a more or less distinct constriction at each septum.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, paraphysate, 8-spored, subsessile, 70-75 x
8-10 fx. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid , slightly curved, hyaline, 4-nucleate,
finally uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septa, 20-25 x 3|-4J jx.

On rotten wood, St. Martinsville, Louisiana (Langlois).

It is not improbable that the sporidia may become 3- or more-
septate, but none were seen with more than one septum.

6. Cyrillse, (B. & C.)

Hysterium Cyrilltz, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. n.
Glonium Cyrillcs, Sacc. Syll. 5593.

" Scattered, elevated, opake, elliptical, even. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong, 10 jx long; endochrome divided into two portions, one of
which is less than the other, epispore thick."

On twigs of Cyrilla, South Carolina.

GL hyalosporum, Ger. in Peck's 31st Rep, p. 49.

On dead wood, Willowemoc. The name only is given, without
any diagnosis.

ACTIDIUM, Fr.

Obs. Mycol. I, p. 190, S. M. II, p. 595.

Perithecia sessile, rotund-lobate, subcarbonaceous, nearly closed ;
dehiscence radiate, from the center towards the margin. Asci elon-
gated, mostly 8-spored and aparaphysate. Sporidia oblong, biloeolar,
hyaline. Allied to Glonium, but less perfectly developed. There is
never any open disk as in Hysterium and Phacidium.

A. caricinum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2019.

Perithecia flattened, black, radiate-stellate, lobes oblong, obtuse,
rugose, at first covered by the epidermis, finally denuded.

On culms and leaves of the larger Carices, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw).
Actinothyrium occurs on the same leaves.

A. diatrypoides, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 49, (without any diagnosis).

On trunks of Carpinus and Ostrya, Darien, Ga. (Ravenel).

686

ANGELINA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 358.

Perithecia rufous or rufescent; when fresh, carnose and open
(pezizoid), when dry, subcorneous and darker, with the margin paler;
lips involute and disk pallid. Asci paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
oblong, uniseptate and hyaline.

This genus is closely allied to Ascobolus.

A. rufescens, (Schw.)

Hysterium rufescens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2081.
Ascobolus conglomeratus, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 960.
Angelina rufescens, Duby, Hyst. p. 39.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 466. >.

Perithecia (ascomata) much crowded, subelliptical, orbicular or
elongated and variously lobed, 1 mm. and over in diameter, disk
almost convex when fresh, with a narrow white margin, involute and
nearly closed when dry, in the fresh, growing state, greenish, becoming
mouse-color or slate-color. Asci clavate, stipitate, 8-spored, 100-120 x
7-8 fi (including the slender base), with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
collected in the upper part of the ascus, fusoid-oblong, hyaline, unisep-
tate, 8-12x2-2! fi.

On the decayed surface and in the cavities of decaying oak
stumps, common around Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), and also at New-
field, N. J.

The part of the wood occupied by the fungus is quite rotten and
soft, caused apparently by the mycelium of the fungus, but the decay
does not at first penetrate deeply, the subjacent wood remaining for
some time hard and sound.

GLONIELLA, Sacc.

Sylloge Fung. II, p. 765.

Perithecia emergent, oblong or linear, carbonaceous, black, de-
hiscing by a longitudinal cleft. Asci 4-8-spored, paraphysate. Spo-
ridia oblong or fusoid, 2-pluriseptate, generally 3-septate, hyaline or
subhyaline.

G. Curtisii, (Dnby).

Hysterium Curtisii, Duby, Hyst. p. 30, tab. 1, fig. 10.
Gloniella Curtisii, Sacc. Syll. 5721.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, variable in shape, subglobose at
first and contracted at base, soon laterally compressed and conchiform,

687

finally flattened horizontally, narrow-elliptical, 1-1 J mm. long, with
the ends subacute; lips swollen, distinctly open, sides of the perithecia
rough and obscurely striate. Asci oblong-clavate, 100-150x25-35 jut,
subsessile, paraphysate. Sporidia irregularly crowded, oblong, mostly
a little curved, ends obtusely rounded, yellowish-hyaline, with a
gelatinous envelope at first, 1-2-septate and constricted at the septa,
60-70x12-15//.

On dead twigs of Vitis, Carolina (Curtis), Louisiana (Langlois),
on Sabal serrulata, Florida (Martin).

The above description of the species was made from the Louisi-
ana specc, which agree well with Duby's diagnosis in all but the pres-
ence of paraphyses. The sporidia are mostly uniseptate.

G. ovata, (Cke.)

Hysterium ovatum, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 107.
Gloniella ovata, Sacc. Syll. 5717.
Kxsicc. Rav. F. Am. 321.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, ovate, ends obtuse, black, longi-
tudinally striate, lips closed. Asci subcylindrical. Sporidia sub-
lanceolate, rounded at the ends, hyaline, 15-1 8 x 8 //, nucleate, finally
pseudo-triseptate.

On old oak wood, Carolina (Ravenel).

The spec, in Rav. F. Am. (the only one we have seen) is entirely
without fruit, so that we can only copy the published diagnosis. The
outward appearance is about the same as that of Glonium parvulum,
Ger.

G. sycnophila, (Cke.)

Hysterium {Gloniella) sycnophilum, Cke. Grev. XIV, p. 14.
Gloniella sycnophila, Sacc. Syll. 7385 (Add. I, p. 269), id. II, p. n 14.

Perithecia gregarious, lanceolate, straight or flexuous, black,
emergent, with a narrow, longitudinal cleft. Asci subclavate, 8-spored,
Sporidia sublanceolate, multinucleate, finally 5-septate, hyaline, 36-40
x 8-10 jut.

On bark of living fig trees, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Specimens in our Herb, from Ravenel are apparently some species
of Opeyrapha. Asci oblong-clavate, 45-50x12 jul, subsessile. Spo-
ridia inordinate, fusoid, hyaline, 3-septate (pseudoseptate), 20x3-3| p.

MYTILIDI0N, Duby.

Mem. sur la Trib. des Hyst. p. 22.

Perithecia emergent-superficial, laterally compressed, conchiform,

688

dehiscing by a narrow cleft along the acute apex, thin, carbonaceous,
fragile; lips acute, closely connivent. Asci paraphysate, 8-spored.
Sporidia oblong, elongated, 3-multiseptate, hyaline, becoming yellowish.

M. aggregatum, (DC.)

Hysterium aggregatum, DC. Fl. Fr. VI, p. 168.
Mytilinidion aggregatum, Duby, 1. c.

Perithecia collected in groups or patches, conchiforra, scarcely
J mm. long, carbonaceous, shining-black, opening with a narrow cleft.
Asci cylindrical, 120-130x10 /*, obtuse at the apex, 8-spored. Spo-
ridia subuniseriate, at first uniseptate, at length fusoid, 3-septate,
20-24x6-7 //, slightly constricted at the middle septum, olive-brown,
the terminal cells subhyaline.

Found (sec. Gerard) on bark of red cedar, Staten Island, N. Y.,
but the specimens sent by him are entirely without fruit.

M. Californicum, Ell. & Hark. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 51.

Perithecia conchiforra, about 350 // long, faintly striate, black:
lips at first closely compressed, finally slightly open. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 35-40 x 7-8 jut, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong-fusi-
form, yellowish, 3-septate, sometimes slightly constricted at the septa,
12-15 p. long.

On dead foliage of Sequoia gigantea, California (Harkness).

Closely allied to M. acicolum, Winter, and possibly not distinct.

M. tortile, (Schw.)

Hysterium tortile \ Schw. Syn. Car. No. 250, id. Syn. N. Am. 2065.
Mytilidion tortile, Sacc. Syll. 5709.

Mytilinidion Juniperi, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 57.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2152.

Perithecia gregarious, superficial, lying in various directions on
the matrix, membranaceo-carbonaceous, black, brittle, shaped like
clam shells with the sharp edges pointing up, 1-1 J mm. long; lips
closed, acute, sides of the perithecia more or less distinctly longitudin-
ally striate. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 75-80 x 6 //, with a stipitate base
12-15 fi long. Paraphyses obscure. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong,
3-septate, pale brown, 12-15x4-5 ju, ends obtuse, only slightly or not
at all constricted at the septa.

On bark of Juniperus Virginicma, Carolina and Pennsylvania
(Schw.), also around Newfield, N. J.

This agrees with specc. in Herb. Schw. Saccardo makes the
sporidia 3-septate and 28-30 x 7-8 /j. while in the asci, and when free,

689

5-septate, 38-40 x 8-10 ji. In the Newfield specc. occasionally a free
sporidium may be found with 4 septa, but this is exceptional,

M. fusisporum, (Cke.)

Lophium fusisporum, Cke. Grev. IV. p. 114.
Mytilidion fusisporum, Sacc. Syll. 5712.
Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 858.

Perithecia erect, expanded above from a narrow base, laterally
compressed, thin and fragile, shaped like the blade of a hatchet with
the corners rounded off, black and subshining, about 400 p. broad and
high, finely striate both longitudinally and transversely. Asci cylin-
drical, short-stipitate, paraphysate, 100-110 x 8-10 //. Sporidia irregu-
larly biseriate, fusoid, yellowish, nearly straight, 40-50x4-5 //, about
7-septate.

Not uncommon around Newfield, N. J., on old pitchy pine wood.

TRYBLIDIUM, Dufour.

Ann. Sci. Nat. XIII, t. 10, fig. 3.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, oblong or lanceolate, corneo-
coriaceous; lips swollen and open. Asci paraphysate, elongated,
8-spored. Sporidia oblong, 1-3-septate, dark-colored.

The genus belongs really in the Discomycetes, but for the present
we include it here.

* Sporidia uniseptate.
Tr. hysterinum, Dufour, 1. c.

Tryblidium rufulum, Spreng. var. simplex, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. V, p. 30.
Hysterium elevatum, Pers. Myc. Eur. I, tab. I, fig. 4.
Hysterographium elevatum, Desm. XXII, Not. p. 18.
Exsicc. Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. I, No. 996, id. Ed. II, 296.— Moug. & Nestl. Stirps. Vog. 1070

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, the central part attached, the
ends free, 2-3 mm. long, 1 mm. or more wide, slaty-black, at first sub-
globose, closed and covered, then erumpent and opening with a
roundish aperture which soon becomes elongated, exposing the ellip-
tical, brick-red disk; lips swollen, incurved but not closed, when dry,
transversely wrinkled. Asci cylindrical, 120-160 (p. sp. 110) x 15-
16 /i, overtopped by the abundant paraphyses. Sporidia uniseriate,
elliptical or ovate, uniseptate and constricted, dark brown, 18 22 x
8-10 /i, (25-30 x 12-14 /i, Rehm; 20-.28 x 12-15 /i, Sacc).

On a dead limb, Ocean Springs, Miss. (Earle).

The Mississippi specc. agree with those in Desm. Exsc, but we
can not make the sporidia as large as stated by Rehm and Saccardo.
87

Tr. insciilptum, Cke. Disc of the U. S. p. 32.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 150.

Brumpent, slate-colored, gregarious, thin, |-1J mm. long, oblong,
elliptical or irregular in shape, closely embraced by the epidermis and
scarcely rising above it, margin thin, erect, scarcely incurved, often
undulate from the pressure of the ruptured epidermis against it. Asci
ventricose, sessile, overtopped by the abundant paraphyses which are
olivaceous and conglutinated above. Sporidia inordinate, oblong, uni-
septate and constricted, pale at first, soon dark brown, 25-35 x 12 y.

On dead limbs of Carya, Newfield, N. J.

** Sporidia 3- or more-septate (Tryblidiella).

Tr. riifulum, (Spreng.)

Hysterium rufulum, Spreng. in Vet. Ac. Holm. 1820, p. 20, Fr. S. M. II, p. -584.
Hysterium confluens, Kze. in Weig. Exs.
Tryblidium confluens, De Not. Pir. 1st. p. 16.
Tryblidiella rufula, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 757.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Car. II, No. 47.— Rav. F. E. 3369.— Rab. F. Am. 637.

Erumpent, oblong, flexuous or subtriangular, smooth, brownish-
black; lips swollen, transversely striate, 2-3 mm. long, and 1 mm.
wide, disk brick-red. Asci 150-200 x 13-15 //, without paraphyses,
clavate-thickened above. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, 3-septate, 24-
30 x 10-12 /jl (30-35 x 10 //, Sacc. in Syll.), scarcely constricted at the
septa, reddish-brown, becoming nearly opake.

On bark of dead limbs, Southern States and California.

In the fresh state this resembles a Peziza, the disk being nearly
orbicular and fully exposed, but when dry, the opposite margins roll
together and the plant assumes the aspect of Hysterium with the lips
loosely closed.

Var. microsporum, E. & E., Triblidiella Ellisii, Rehm, in Rab.
Krypt. Flora, Discom. p. 235, Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1285, differs from
the usual form only in its smaller (18-22 x 6-7 y) sporidia.

Tr. clavtesporum, Pk. 35th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 143.

Receptacles, when moist, suborbicular, plane or slightly convex,
margined, |-1 mm. diam., black, when dry, more or less contracted,
hysteriiform, with thick lips. Asci clavate or cylindrical, 90-112 /u
long. Sporidia oblong-clavate, crowded or biseriate, colored, 4-sep-
tate, 20-27x7i-10/i.

On decorticated wood of willows (Salix nigra), Albany, N. Y.
(Peck).

691
Tr. fuscum, E. & E.

Tryblidium rufulum, Spreng. var. fuscum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. V, p. 30.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2331.

Perithecia cespitose, erumpent, suborbicular, elliptical, triangular
or otherwise irregular from crowding, 2-3xl|-2 mm., centrally
attached, with the margin free and, when dry, with the opposite sides
rolled in so as partly to hide the slate-colored disk, and strongly
marked with transverse wrinkles or strige. Asci cylindrical, 170 x
1 2— J 5 p, with abundant, clavate-tipped paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an
ascus, uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, 3-septate and more or less con-
stricted, 25-50 x 12-14 fi.

On dead limbs, near Jacksonville, Fla. (W. W. Calkins).

We have given this specific rank on account of the clustered
perithecia, slate-colored disk and clavate-tipped paraphyses.

Tr. turgidulum, Phil. & Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad., Feb. 1883, p. 25.

Scattered, sessile, oblong-elliptical, turgid, nearly smooth, black.
Asci clavate. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, strongly con-
stricted in the middle, each half 5-6-pseudoseptate, reddish-brown,
60-90 x 13-20//.

On dead stems of Pentstemon breviJZorus, California (Harkness).

Specc. in our Herb, from Harkness are entirely sterile.

Tr. minor, Cke. Grev. IV, p. 182, tab. 67, fig. 9.

This can not be separated from Opegrapha varia, (Pers,)-

L0PHITJM, Fr.

Systema Mycol. II, p. 533.

Perithecia vertical, conchiform, compressed, submembranaceous,
fragile; lips acute, closed, at length opening with a very harrow
fissure.

L. raytilinum, (Pers.)

Hysterium mytilinum, Pers. Syn. p. 97.
Lophium mytilinum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 533,
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 714.— Fckl. F. Rh. 762.

Subpedicellate, dilated above, transversely striate, shining-black.
Asci cylindrical, 140-160 x 9-10 //, with a short, thick stipe, 8-spored,
with slender, septate, hyaline, branching paraphyses. Sporidia filiform,
120-140x1 ±-2 fi, 18-20-guttulate, hyaline.

On bark and wood of pine and spruce. Generally arising from ;i

692

black, effused, indeterminate crust in which the stipe is concealed.
Perithecia fragile, of medium size.

We have given the diagnosis of this species, though it is uncer-
tain whether it has yet been found in this country. The specc. dis-
tributed in Ell. N. A. F. 858, are Mytilidion fusisporum, (Cke.).

L. naviculars, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2017.

Not pedicellate, but contracted at base, elongated-ovate, sub-
flexuous, navicular, much like a Hysterium, especially in the young
state, before it becomes fully emergent, being then acuminate at each
end with a central fissure; but at a more advanced stage it becomes
compressed and longitudinally striate, conchiform, black and obtuse at
the ends.

On wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.). A doubtful species.

L. Sassafras, Schw., 1. c. 2018.

Rather large, scattered, allied to L. mytilinum, but much larger
and more obtuse; subpedicellate, dilated above, rugose-striate, black,
not shining; aperture closed, nucleus white; sometimes opening in two
directions.

On bark of Sassafras, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The fructification of this and the preceding species is unknown,
and the species are doubtful.

HYSTERIUM, Tode.

Fungi Meckl. II, p. 4.

Perithecia superficial or erumpent, oblong or ellipsoid, corneo-
carbonaceous, opening with a longitudinal cleft. Asci clavate or
cylindrical, mostly 8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia oblong or elon-
gated, 2-or more septate, brown.

H. pulicare, Pers. Syn. p. 98.

Hysterographium pulicare, Cda. Icones V, p. 77, tab. V, fig. 61.
Hysterium betulignum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2075.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 215.— Kze. F. Sel. 375. Rab. F. E. 2644.— Rav. F. Am. 762.— Krieger,
F. Sax 437.— EH. N. A. F. 457.— Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 779.

, Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, variable in shape,
oblong, ellipsoid, longitudinally striate, black, lips obtuse, slightly
open exposing the linear disk, about 1 mm. long and | mm. broad.
Asci clavate. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong, straight or slightly
curved, 3-septate, hardly constricted, the two end cells paler, straight

693

or nearly so, each cell with a single nucleus, 18-25 x 7-9 u. (27-33 x
8-10 /z, Sacc. and Karst.)

Common on bark of various deciduous trees.

Very variable in the shape of the perithecia, which in the typical
form are short and broad, subelliptical, but elongated-oblong forms are
not uncommon, though in this respect the European specc. show less
variation than the American. We do not find the sporidia as large as
stated by Sacc. — mostly about 22 x 7 fi. H. betulignum, Schw, is
given as a synonym from an examination of specc. in Herb. Schw.

H. truncatulum, C. & P. Disc, of the U. S. p. 33.

Gregarious, superficial, elliptical, abruptly rounded at the ends,
straight, longitudinally striate, flattened along the apex, 1 x J mm.
lips closely connivent. Asci clavate, shortly stipitate. Sporidia
biseriate, fusiform, rounded at the ends, triseptate, ultimate cells short-
er, hyaline, central cells brown, 35-40 x 10 p..

On wood. N. York (Peck).

This can hardly be more than a large-spored var. of H. pulicare.

H. angustatum, A. & S. Consp. p. 55.

H. pulicare, b. angustatum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 580.
Hysterium vulgare, De Not. Pir. Istr. p. 18.
Hysterium Eucalypti, Phil. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 23.
Hxsicc. Rehm Asc. 214.— Sydow, M. March. 2426.

Perithecia gregarious or crowded, more or less immersed in the
bark or often superficial, mostly elongated or linear, nearly smooth,
black, §-l| mm. long, lips more or less open. Asci 75-80 x 1 2— 1 5 /^.
Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong, obtuse, 3-septate, all the cells brown,
and usually with a single nucleus, 15-22x 6-7 //(18-27 x6-7 ju Sacc).

On wood, Vermilion Lake, Minn. (Holway), on bark and wood of
dead limbs, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.)

In Schw. Syn. N. Am. the following varr. are mentioned as found
in Pennsylvania: — var. lenticulare, Fr., round or elliptical, minute,
smooth, only half as large as the normal form; var. Iceve, Pes., ellipti-
cal, elongated, swollen, smooth; var. Juglandis, Schw., ovate, black,
lips swollen, subdistant, bistriate; frequent on bark of Juglans, Penn-
sylvania. This differs from H. pulicare, Pers. in having the sporidia
swollen and all the cells uniformly brown, with the perithecia less
prominent and mostly smaller and more elongated. Fries & Duby
make it a mere var. of H. pulicare. Specimens of Hysterium Eu-
calypti, Phil. & Hark, (from Harkness), do not differ in any way
from this.

694

H. teres, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2077.

Perithecia subcylindrical, 2 mm. or more long, elevated, subflex-
uous, narrowed at the ends and subacute, black, glabrous, lusterless,
lips subinflexed, open, seated on a greenish-fuliginous crust. Asci
cylindrical, 75-80 x 12 // with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia, sub-
biseriate, cylindric-oblong, 3-septate, straight, not constricted, end cells
hyaline, 15-22 x 6-7 (i.

On decaying wood of Rhododendron, Carolina and Pennsylvania,

(Schw.).

Differs from H. pulicare only in the shape of the perithecia.
H. macrosporum, Pk. 26th Rep. p. 83.

Perithecia superficial or nearly so, oblong or elliptical, sometimes
slightly flexuous, 200-400 fi long, black, opening by a narrow chink,
the lips slightly striate. Asci subcylindrical, 125-150x25-30 /ut,
4-8-spored. Sporidia crowded in the ascus, oblong or subfusiform,
sometimes slightly curved, at first colorless and uniseptate, then col-
ored and triseptate, 40-57 x 12-15 fju

On decaying wood of pine, New York (Peck).

H. sphaeriaceum, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 193.

Erumpent, minute, hemispherical, \-\ mm. diam., gregarious,
black, and nearly smooth, but not polished or shining, lips closed,
slightly prominent. Asci subcylindrical, subsessile, 55x7 //; par-
aphyses obscure. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, hyaline and nucleate at
first, becoming yellowish and 3-septate, often slightly constricted at
the septa, 12-20 x3-3| p..

On decaying wood, Decorah, Iowa (Holway).

This approaches Lophiostoma. Has much the same general ap-
pearance as some of the abbreviated forms of Glonium parvulum,
Ger., but the fruit is different. The glandular hairs mentioned in the
original diagnosis are evidently some hyphomycetous growth and only
accidental.

H. magnosporuni, Ger. in Proc. Poughkeepsie Acad, of Nat. Sci.
Feb., 1875, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 9.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, about 1 mm. long, straight or
slightly curved, ends subobtuse, black, subshining, longitudinally
striate; lips slightly open so as to leave but a narrow fissure; ususlly
one or two of the striae on each side, near the apex, are deeper and
more distinct. Asci clavate, 150x35-40 //, with a short stipe and

695

with abundant paraphyses. Sporidia irregularly crowded, broad,
fi.soid-oblong, slightly curved or a little bulging on one side, nearly
hyaline and uniseptate at first, becoming deep, clear brown and 7-sep-
tate, three of the septa close to each end, 50-60 x 15-20 /i.

On a dead hickory limb, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (Gerard), on dry,
decaying oak wood, Newfield, N. J. .

The general aspect is the same as that H. vulvatum, Schw., or
H. lineolatum, Cke., but the sporidia are different. Gerard (1. c.)
figures the sporidia as uniseriate with the septa at equal distances, but
in the specc. sent by him they are as stated above.

H. eumorphum, Sacc. Mich. II, p. 40.

Perithecia loosely gregarious, decidedly superficial, so that the
base is not entirely adnate, regularly navicular, straight, acute at each
end, 1| x \ mm., becoming black, dehiscing with a lanceolate opening
and exposing the reddish disk; lips smooth, obtuse. Asci cylindrical,
very short-stipitate, 150-160x15 p, rounded at the apex, 8-spored,
surrounded with conglutinated, filiform paraphyses with dark-colored
tips. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, fusoid-oblong, subobtuse at the
ends, mostly curved, 30-38 x 11-14 //, with three broad septa, not con-
stricted, guttulate, dark brown, becoming nearly black.

On bark, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Agrees (sec. Cooke) with specc. of Hysterium, biforme, Fr. Scler.
Suec. (not Duby), but not with the diagnosis of H. biforme as given
by Fries. We have not seen this, but the description tallies well witli
that of Tryblidium nifulum, (Sprengel.)

H. thujarum, C. & P. Cke. Disc, of the U. S. p. 33.

Subgregarious, superficial. Perithecia elliptical, acuminate, ele-
vated, almost naviculoid, longitudinally striate, black; lips prominent,
closely connivent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia broadly lanceolate,
obtuse, 3-5-septate, brown, 38-40 x 10-12 p.

On Thuja, New York (Peck).

H. depressum, B. & C. Cke. Disc, of U. S. p. 34, Grev. IV, p. 10.

Elongated, rough with little granules, depressed, disk extremely
narrow. Asci clavate. Sporidia cymbiform, with about 5 septa., some-
times bulging in the center on the convex side, 30 p long.

On dry wood, Carolina (Curtis).

H. versisporum, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 78.
Perithecia scattered, minute, black, smooth and shining, elliptical ;

696

lips well rounded, closely connivent. Sporidia variable, elongated-
clavate, elliptical and ovoid, 1-3-septate, pale brown, (hyaline at first),
14-25x5 >.

On decorticated oak, New York (Gerard).

H. prselongum, Schw. in Duby, Hyst. p. 27 (not Schw. Herb.).

Perithecia lying parallel, linear, narrow, more or less elongated,
faintly transversely rugulose, black, shining; lips swollen and closely
connivent. Asci obovate, shorter than the filiform paraphyses which
are thickened and united above. Sporidia biseriate, ovate, 1 J-2 times
as long as broad, rounded at the ends, hyaline and homogeneous at
first, at length 3-septate, dark red-brown and finally opake.

On dry, dead wood, New Mexico (Curtis).

This is very different from the H. prmlongum in Herb. Schw.,
which is Hysterographium lineolatum, (Cke.).

H. insidens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2078.

(Hysterium Berengerii, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. IV, No. 50)?
Hyslerium compianatum , Duby, Hyst. p. 26.
Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 460.

Seated on a widely effused, black crust. Perithecia short, scat-
tered, thick, oblong-ovate, subtruncate, generally contracted into a
pseudo-stipitate base, obtuse at the ends, black; lips gaping, inflexed.
This is the diagnosis given by Schweinitz. The specimen in Herb.
Schw. does not show any black crust, nor can the perithecia be called
even pseudo-stipitate; they are only erum pent-superficial, f-l| mm.
long, obtuse, mostly lying parallel. Asci about 75 x 15 jul. Sporidia
overlapping, subbiseriate, fusoid, slightly curved, 6-8-septate, with one
joint (about the third from the top) slightly swollen, reddish-brown,
ends narrowed but subobtuse, 25-30 x 6-8 /*.

Found by Schweinitz in Carolina, on hard, decaying wood. Speci-
mens collected at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., on old chestnut wood, have
the sporidia 30-40 x 7-9 ju, which is about the size of those in a spec,
on an old pine shingle found at Newfield, N. J. Sec. Cooke, Grew
XVII, p. 88, the sporidia in an authentic spec, from Schweinitz, are
45-50 x 15 /I, with one cell swollen (as above).

The specimens in N. A. F., 460, were determined by Gerard from
authentic specc. of H. compianatum, sent him by Duby. The species
seems to be a variable one, both in the form of the perithecia and in the
number of septa in the sporidia. Duby says 3-5-septate. In the
N. A. F. specc. the sporidia are 3-7 (mostly 5-) septate and 25-30 x
7-8 fx. Some of the specc. distributed in N. A. F. have the perithecia
at first tuberculiform and slightly contracted at base ("versus basin

697

in pseudostipitem contractis"). Duby (1. c.) speaks of a spec, from
Herb. Hooker, labeled H. insidens, Klotszch, and which he doubtfully
refers to hisiT". complanatwn, as having sporidia 3-6-celled, frequently
with one cell (the 2d or 3d) swollen, just as in the specc. of H. insi-
dens in Herb. Schw.

H. lineariforme, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 651.

Hysterium linear e, Berk. N. Am. Fungi in Grev. IV, p. n.

With the habit of Glonium lineare, (Fr.), but sporidia fusi-
form, strongly constricted in the middle, 37-50 fi long, multiseptate,
(colored.) ?

On wood of Quercus, Gleditschia, and Taxodium, Carolina
(Ravenel), on dead wood, New England (Russell).

H. fusiger, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. II.

Elongated, flexuous, lying in various directions. Sporidia fusi-
form, with about 8 septa, sometimes strongly curved, 25 // long. Re-
sembling somewhat Mytilidion tortile, and Glonium graphicum, but
with very different sporidia.

Nothing is said of the color of the sporidia in this and the pre-
ceding species.

H. Prostii, Duby, Hyst. p. 26.

Opegrapha Prostii, Nyl. Prodr. I,ich. p. 154.
Hysterium lineare, var. corticola, Fr. Elench. II, p. 140.
Hysterium Wallrothii, Duby, Hyst. p. 25, tab. I, fig-. 5.
Hysteropatella Prostii, Rhem in Rab. Krypt. Flor. Ill, p. 367.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 75. — Kze. F. Sel. 278. — Rab. F. E. 748, 1921.— Sydow, M. March. 2425.
EH. N. A. F. 461.— Rehm Asc. 75.

Innate, at length emergent, scattered or aggregated (hardly
crowded), narrow-elliptical, acute, thin, membranaceo-carbonaceous,
black, brittle; lips at first incurved, then open, exposing the slaty-
black, narrow-elliptical disk, so as to resemble in the fresh state a
sessile Peziza, small (about 1 mm. long or less). Asci clavate, 70-75
x 10-12 fi. Paraphyses not abundant. Sporidia biseriate, oblong,
straight or curved, pale brown, 3-septate, 12—16 x4-5 //.

On maple bark, Newfield, N. J.,. on bark of Pyrus coronaria,
Iowa (Holway), Missouri (Demetrio), on bark, Illinois (Seymour,) on
inner surface of willow bark, Ohio (Morgan), on bark of elm? New
York (Fairman.) Specc. from Washington (Suksdorf) on bare wood,
seem to be this species, but have the sporidia larger, 15-22 x 6-7 //,
and may be different.
88

698

H. proteitorme, Duby, Hyst. p. 27.

Erumpent from the fibers of the wood, very variable in shape,
linear, oblong, oblong-globose or globose, arranged in parallel series,
black, shining, very faintly transversely striate; lips narrow, their
edges more or less remote, exposing the linear-lanceolate, oblong or
sphseroid, black disk. Asci (sec. Rehm) ovate, thickened at the apex,
36 x 10 [i. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, biseriate, clavate, obtuse, straight
or somewhat curved, 3-septate, brownish, 9-11 x 3— 3J p.. Parapbyses
branched and united above in a greenish-brown layer above the asci.

On dry, decaying oak wood, Carolina (Curtis).

The appearance is peculiar. When closed, it often resembles a
Sphceria, when open, a Lecidea. We have seen no specimens and
take the diagnosis from Baby's Mernoire. This (sec. Dr. Rehm, in
Hedw., 1886, p. 187), is closely allied to H. Prostii, and with that
species belongs in the Patellariece.

H. ellipticum, Fr. Obs. Mycol. I, p. 195.

Hysteropatella elliptica, Rehm, in Die Pilze (Discomyeett- s) p. 368.

Perithecia gregarious or collected in small groups, lying parallel,
at first buried among the fibers of the wood, finally emergent and
sessile, rounded or elongated, straight or somewhat curved, simple or
stellate, J-3 mm. long, J- J mm. wide, with an elongated, finally ellip-
tical opening, showing the thin black disk, of a wax-like consistency.
Asci clavate, thick-walled, 60-70x12-16//, 8-spored, with dichoto-
mously branched paraphyses united in a brown epithecium above.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong, obtuse, straight or slightly curved, 3-
septate or slightly constricted at the septa, hyaline, becoming brown.
15-17 x 5-6 p, the two middle cells mostly larger and each with a
large oil globule.

On bark, North Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The specc. of this. species in Herb. Schw. are without fruit, and
as there are no reliable specc. in our collection we have taken the
diagnosis from Rehm, in Die Pilze. The sporidia (sec. Fckl.) are 24-
26 x 8 p. The species is closely allied to H. Prostii, and with that
species and some others here included for convenience, in theZT yster-
iacece, really belongs in the Discomycetes.

The specimens of the following species in Herb. Schw. are without

fruit.

H. rugulosuni, Schw. Syn. X. Am. 2079.

Perithecia small, round or of various shapes, black, generally
convex, much wrinkled, aggregated or scattered on a black spot.

699

longitudinally dehiscent, opening central, sometimes abbreviated and
distinctly labiate.

On fragments of willow wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

H. Rhois, Schw. Syn, N. Am. 2092.

Scattered, short, ovate or subrotund, convex-globose, black, not
shining, glabrous. Lips distant, leaving a wide opening. Subim-
mersed among the fibers of the wood, minute, appearing to the naked
eye like black specks.

Rather rare, on rotten wood of Rhus typhina, Bethlehem. Pa.
(Schw.).

H. nucicola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2080.

Seated on a black crust. Perithecia ovate-hemispherical, strong-
ly convex, the elongated orifice subimpressed, acute ,closed, otherwise
glabrous, of a brownish-black color, crowded together in various posi-
tions, transverse, parallel and mixed.

On old hickory nuts, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The specc. in Herb. Schw. have the outward appearance of
Glonium parvulum, Ger., but are entirely without fruit.

H. Kalmiae, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2091.

Perithecia immersed among the fibers of the wood, at length
longitudinally erumpent, very long, linear, straight, acuminate at the
ends, confluent, very black. Lips thin, subturgid, gaping, with a rather
broad opening.

On partly rotten wood of ITalmia, erumpent among the fibers of
the wood and covered by them, Bethlehem, Pa., (Schw.).

H. fibritectum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2095.

Erumpent, gregarious, covering patches often an inch across
among the loosened fibers of the wood. Perithecia semiimmersed,
black, broad-ovate, abruptly acuminate at each end, generally some-
what flattened above, sides convex, opening broad, margined, at first
closed.

On old willow wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The specimens of the following species in Herb. Schw. do not belong

to Hysterium.

H. librincola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2101.

This pertains to the SphceriacecB, but can not be determined from

700

the specimen. The spec, labeled H. gramineum, Fr., (No* 2108), is
also some indeterminable, sterile thing.

H. Polygonati, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2115.

This is Vermicularia Polygonati, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1847.

H. OsmundsB, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2113, is Leptostroma litigiosum,
Desm.

H. Pteridis, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2114, is Leptostromella filicina,
Sacc. Syll. Ill, p. 660, (Cryptosporiwn Jilicinum, B. & C. Grev. II,
p. 84.)

H. samarae, Fr. (2112).

This spec, is apparently Phoma Samararum, Desm., but entirely
sterile.

H. rimincola, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2086.

The specimen has the appearance of some undeveloped Dothidea,
and evidently is not a Hysterium.

H. Sambuci, Fr. (2098).

The specimen can not be a Hysterium; it is apparently some
undeveloped sphaeriaceous fungus, and is without fruit of any sort.

H. stictoideum, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 7.

Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 571.

This is Stictis hysterina, Fr.

OSTREiON,* Duby.

Mem. sur la Tribu des Hyst. p. 21.

Perithecia conchiform, superficial, subpedicellate, longitudinally
striate. Asci large, 4-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia very large, fusoid
multiseptate, colored.

0. Americanum, Duby, 1. c. p. 22, tab. I, fig. 1. Cooke in Grev.
IV, pi. 67.

Scattered, black and shining, obsoletely transversely striate,
shaped like an oyster-shell, margin incurved. Asci cylindrical, 350-
400 x 30 fjt, 4-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, broad-fusoid, constricted in
the middle, opake, reddish-brown, 12-20-septate, 90-100 x 25-27 /jl.

*Name changed from Ostreichnion.

701

The two extreme septa at each end of the sporidium are close together
and near the end of the sporidium.

On bark of a trunk of Liquidambar, South Carolina, (Curtis.)

HYSTEROGRAPHIUM, Corda.

Icones Fungorum, V, p. 34.

Perithecia erumpent, sessile, elongated or elliptical, obtuse, promi-
nent, mostly simple, opening by a narrow, elongated, longitudinal cleft,
black and carbonaceous. Asci thick-walled, clavate, 8-spored, with
paraphyses branching above and forming a colored epithecium. Spo-
ridia 1-2-seriate, elliptical or ovate, obtuse, becoming muriform, brown
or, in the subgenus Gloniopsis, hyaline. (Rehm in Die Pilze).

The genus differs from Hysterium, in its muriform sporidia.

* Sporidia colored.
H. Fraxini, (Pers.)

Hysterium Fraxini, Pers. Syn. p. 98.
Hysterographium Fraxini, De Not. Pir. 1st. p. 22.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 26.— Kunze, F. Sel. 376.— Desm. Pi. Cr. F>1. I, 83.— Roum. F. G. 2569,
5450.— Sydow, M. March. 951.— FH. N. A. F, 997.— Rab. F. F. 58.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, erumpent, elliptical, black,
obtuse above, 1—1 J mm. long, \-\ mm. wide; lips swollen, smooth,
partially open so as to expose the narrow disk. Asci clavate, rounded
above, 150-200 x 30-40 /^, 8-spored, with filiform paraphyses. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, scarcely constricted in the middle,
7-9-septate and muriform, dark yellow-brown, 30-40 x 15-18 jut.

On dead limbs of Fraxinus. New York, Pennsylvania, Iowa and
Canada; probably common throughout the United States.

H. Syringa% (Schw.)

Hysterium Syringes, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2073.

Tryblidium Syringce, Cke. Disc, of the U. S. p. 32, Grev. IV, PI. 67, fig. 10.
Tryblidium dealbatum, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 40.
Hysterographium Syringce, Sacc. Syll. 5763.

At first subimmersed, at length denuded, mostly scattered over
pallid spots and often surrounded by a black crust, ovate-elliptical,
acuminate or subobtuse. black, not striate; lips at length widely
gaping and exposing the subrugose, black disk. Asci oblong-clavate,
rather abruptly contracted into a short stipe below, obtuse and rounded
above, paraphysate, 8-spored, 100-112x20-2-5 ji. Sporidia subbi-
seriate, ovate-elliptical, 6-8-septate and muriform, yellowish-hyaline at
first, becoming dark brown and almost opake, 25-34 x 12-15 p..

702

On bark of Syringa vulgaris, Pennsylvania (Scliw.), New York
(Gerard), New Jersey (Ellis).

The perithecia are small, only a little larger than those of Hys-
terium Prostii, Duby, which they much resemble. The specc. in
Herb. Schw. are without fruit. The above diagnosis is from specc.
sent by Gerard. Cooke's figure in Grevillea represents the asci and
sporidia very accurately.

H. formosum, (Cke.)

Hysterium formosum, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 3.
Hysterographium formosum, Sacc. Syll. 5780.
Exsicc. EU. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2092.

Perithecia scattered, prominent, 1-1 £ mm. long and proportional-
ly rather broad, not depressed above, black and shining, striate, lips
closed. Asci cylindrical, 80-90x10 fi with abundant paraphyses, 8-
spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, 3-septate and faintly
inuriform, brown, slightly constricted at the middle septum, 18-22 x
7-8 fju

On dead limbs of Pinus contorta and Juniperus occidentalism
Sierra Nevada Mts., California (Harkness).

H. subrugosum, (C. & E.)

Hysterium subrugosum, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 54, PI. 81, fig. 1.
Hysterium acuminatum, Fr. in Herb. Schw.
Hysterographium subrugosum, Sacc. Syll. 5770.
Exsicc. EU. N. A. F. 459.

Perithecia scattered, oblong-elliptical, faintly transversely sub-
rugose, black, not striate, about 1 mm. long, often slightly curved; lips
incurved, open so as to expose a narrow strip of the black disk. Asci
oblong-cylindrical, sessile, paraphysate, rounded at the apex, 75-80 x
20 ju. Sporidia inordinate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, slightly curved, 5-7-
septate, with one or two partial longitudinal septa, 20-25 x 10 jut (40-
45 p. long, sec. Cooke).

On dry hard wood of decaying oak stumps, Newfield, N. J.

The substance of the perithecia, when crushed under the micro-
scope, has a reddish tinge. The spec, in Herb. Schw. labeled Hyste-
rium acuminatum, Fr., is certainly the same as H. subrugosum, C. &
E. and very different from H. acuminatum, Fr. The sporidia in all
the specc. examined are much smaller than stated in Grevillea.

H. Nova-Csesariense, (Ell.)

Hysterium Nova-Ccesariense, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 133.
Mytilidion Nova-Ccesariense, Sacc. Syll. II, p. 764.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 313.— Roum. F. Gall. 4854.— EU. N. A. F. 152.

703

Gregarious, lying in various directions on the matrix. Perithecia
smooth, black, tubercular at first, becoming oblong-elliptical and about
1 mm. long, obtuse above; lips at first closed, then distinctly sepa-
rated. Asci oblong-cylindrical, subsessile, paraphysate, 8-spored, p. sp.
80-100 x 30-35 [i. Sporidia inordinate, crowded, fusoid-oblong, multi-
septate, (7-15-septate,) often with a longitudinal septum running
through one or more of the cells, brown, 35-50 x 10— J 3 p..

Common around Newfield, N. J., on outer bark of living Pinus
rigida.

The obtuse perithecia and submuriforni sporidia will remove this
from Mylilidioii.

H. cinerascens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2076.

Gregarious, elongated, flexuous, very black, subshining, but punc-
tulate on the surface. The surrounding wood is of a cinereous color
(hence the specific name). Perithecia densely crowded, elongated ;
lips thin, often breaking away in frustules so that the perithecium be-
comes widely dehiscent. Asci clavate-oblong, sessile, 75-90 x 15-20/i,
overtopped by abundant paraphyses, which are blackened and con-
glutinated at their tips. Sporidia inordinate, oblong-elliptical, 6-8-
septate, with one or more longitudinal septa, running through the
medial cells, brown, about 20 x 8 fi.

On rotten wood of Juglans cinerea, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The measurements are from spec, in Herb. Schw., but the spec,
not being in good condition, they may not be exact, though they are
very nearly so.

H. Mori, (Schw.)

Hysterium Mori, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2087.
Hysterographium Mori, Rehm Asc. 363, Sacc. Syll. 5779.
Hysterium Rousselii, De Not. Pir. 1st. p. 19.
Hysterographium Rousselii, Sacc. Syfl. 5768.

Hysterium viticolum, C. & P. Disc. U. S. p. 33, Grev. IV, tab. 68, fig. 9.
Hysteriutn Gerardi, C. & P. 1. c.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 751.— Rehm Asc. 316.— Rab. F. E- 2958.— EH. N. A. F. 75, 77, 7s,
458, 1286.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, elliptical, oblong, linear or cylin-
drical, 1-3 mm. long, and \-l mm. wide, mostly straight and lying
parallel, gregarious and often crowded so as to cover the matrix more
or less completely for some extent, more or less distinctly longitudin-
ally striate; lips mostly closed at first, finally more or less open,
exposing a narrow, linear or lanceolate disk. Asci cylindrical, about
100x12 fi (including the short-stipitate base), paraphysate, 8-spored.
Sporidia uniseriate or subbiseriate above, ovate, varying to oblong or

704

ovate-elliptical, 3-5-septate, constricted at the middle septum, one or
two of the cells divided by a longitudinal septum, brown, 15-25 x
7-8 /Jt.

On decorticated, exposed wood, also (but less frequently) on dead
limbs still covered with the bark; common.

Var. Gerardi, C. & P., has the perithecia mostly shorter and
broader, with the lips more open; var. viticolum, C. & P., has the
asci mostly shorter and broader, 75-90 x 15-18 jjl, and the sporidia
more or less perfectly biseriate. Cooke makes the sporidia 36 x 12 /*.
We find none over 25 x 8 //. H. Rousselii, De Not. (sec. specc. from
Gerard, compared by him with authentic specc. from Duby), can not
be distinguished in any way from H. Mori, Schw., as represented by
specc. in Herb. Schw., nor can we, after a careful examination of many
specc. from different localities, during the past ten years, find any
reliable characters by which any of the so-called species above quoted
can be safely separated. Specimens of H. Rousselii, with elongated
perithecia, appear quite distinct from specc. of H. Gerardi, C. & P.,
with shorter, oblong or elliptical perithecia, but these extremes are
connected by a graduated series of forms passing imperceptibly into
each other so as to completely fill up the gap ; nor do the sporidia fur-
nish any distinctive characters. . At first they are 3-septate, becoming
almost always 5-septate, and not seldom 6-7-septate.

H. variabile, C. & P. Disc, of the U. S. p. 33.

"Erumpent, then superficial, following the interstices of the
woody fibers of the matrix, narrowly elliptical or linear and elongated,
straight or flexuous, often parallel, faintly striate -rugose, flattened along
the apex, slightly narrowed at each end, lips closely connivent. Asci
cylindrical, stipitate. Sporidia uniseriate, very variable in size and
form, ovate or elliptical, or broadly clavate, constricted in the middle,
5-7-septate, at length with longitudinal divisions, dark brown."

On old chestnut posts, &c, New York (Peck).

The foregoing is the diagnosis given by Cke. (1. a). Specc. from
Peck have the perithecia crowded, 1-2 mm. long; lips incurved so as
to leave a distinct furrow along the apex, often but partially closed,
exposing the linear disk. Often the perithecia are marked with a
single deep furrow close to and parallel with the lips, but quite as
often the furrow is wanting and the flattened apex of the perithecium
is faintly transversely rugulose. Asci paraphysate, short-stipitate,
p. sp. about 70-75 x 10-12 p.. Sporidia subbiseriate, ovoid, 3-7-sep-
tate, somewhat constricted in the middle, about 20 x 8 ju, dark brown,
with a partial longitudinal septum running through the central cells.
What appears to be the same has been found at Newfield, N. J., on
bare, decaying wood of Quercus and Pyrus Malus.

705
H. vulvatum, (Schw.)

Hysterium vulvatum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2072.
Hysterographium vulvatum. Sacc. Syll. 5774.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Car. II, 48.— Ell. N. A. F. 76-Thum. M. U. 181.— Rehm Asc. 315. (In all
these under the name of H flexuosum, Schw.).

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, scattered or gregarious, 1-3 mm.
long, straight or flexuous; lips at first closed, then open so as to leave
a wide furrow between them, mostly with 1-2 deep striae on each side,
often apparently double, i. e., one set within another. Asci oblong-
clavate, obtuse, paraphysate, 8-spored, p. sp. 100-112x20-25 /i, with
a stipe 30-35 fi long. Sporidia irregularly biseriate, broad-fusoid,
slightly curved, multi- (10-15-) septate, and muriform, strongly con-
stricted in the middle, the upper part broader, olive-brown, 50-62 x
15-20 /i.

On dead, dry, mostly decorticated limbs of oak and other decid-
uous trees, common.

The species here described as H vulvatum, Schw., is certainly
the Hysterium vulvatum of the Schweinitzian Herbarium, but whether
the specimen so labeled in that collection is the Hysterium vulvatum
of Schw. Synopsis N. Am. 2072, may be open to some doubt. The
specc. in the Exsiccati above referred to, certainly agree well with the
diagnosis of H flexuosum, Schw., in his Syn. Car. No. 249.

H. Lesquereiixii, (Duby).

Hysterium Lesquereuxii ', Dub3', Hyst. p. 29.

{Hysterium Jibrisedum, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 26)?

Perithecia scattered or aggregated, black, faintly rugulose under
the lens, ovate or ovate-oblong, or sublinear, often flexuous, narrowed
towards each end, subacute; lips swollen, partially open so as to leave
a distinct cleft between them. Asci cylindric-clavate, 80-100 x 12-15 tu,
paraphysate, 8-spored, subsessile. Sporidia subbiseriate, ovate-oblong,
slightly constricted in the middle, obtuse, 5-7-septate and muriform,
pale brown, 20-25 x 8-10 p..

On corticated branches of Gleditschia triacanthos, Ohio (Les-
quereux), Louisiana (Langlois).

The diagnosis is from the Louisiana specc. There is sometimes a
distinct furrow on each side of the lips and parallel with them, but
often this is entirely wanting. H.fibrisedum, Gerard, probably be-
longs here, but we have seen no specimens.

H. prominens, (Phil. & Hark.)

Hysterium prominens, Phil. & Hark. Bull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 25.
Hysterium Ceanothi, Phil. & Hark. 1. c.

Hysterographium prominens, Berl. & Vogl. Add. Sacc. Syll. I, p. 270.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2064.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, gregarious or scattered, elliptical
89

706

or oblong, 1-2| x |-f mm. black, not striate; lips incurved, nearly
closed at first, becoming finally more or less open so as often to expose
the narrow-lanceolate, black or slate-colored disk, generally more or
less distinctly transversely wrinkled. Asci clavate-oblong, short-stipi-
tate, 100-115x30-35 y. (p. sp.), paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate, broad-fusoid, uniseptate and constricted in the middle, then
multi- (12-15-) septate, and muriform, olive-brown, slightly curved,
50-60x10-12//.

On dead limbs of Salix lasiolepis and Ceanothus, California
(Harkness).

The asci and sporidia do not differ from those of H. vulvatum,
Schw., unless the sporidia may be a little narrower, but the perithecia
are more open and not striate. H. Geanothi, Phil. & Hark. (sec.
specc. from Harkness) does not differ in any way from H. prominens.
Both are erumpent-superficial, with the disk finally more or less
exposed, and the asci and sporidia are the same. Probably both
should be considered mere varr. of H. vulvatum, Schw.

H. stygium, (Cke.)

Hysterium stygium, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 107.
Hysterographium stygium, Sacc. Syll, 5775,

Superficial, scattered. Perithecia lanceolate, black, shining,
smooth, |-1 mm. long. Asci clavate. Sporidia elliptical or ovate,
multiseptate-muriform, dark brown, 30 x 13 //.

On bark of oak, North America.

We know nothing of this beyond the above brief diagnosis from
Grevillea.

H. elongatum, (Wahl.)

Hysterium elongatum, Wahl. Flor. Lapp. p. 528.
Hysterographium elongatum, Cda. Icones, V, p. 77, tab. IX, fig. 62.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1754.— Thum. M. U. 1862.

Perithecia gregarious, seated on the dark-colored, decorticated
surface of the wood, oblong or oblong elliptical, straight, seldom some-
what curved, obtuse, prominent, mostly smooth, deeply cleft; lips
nearly closed, black, carbonaceous, 2-4x1 mm. Asci clavate, thick-
walled, 120-150x25 -fi, 8-spored, with paraphyses branched above
and forming a thick, brown layer (epithecium) above the asci. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, seldom somewhat constricted
in the. middle, hyaline, becoming brown, 9-11-septate, with a longi-
tudinal septum, 36^40 x 12-15 }i.

On wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The specc. of this species in Herb. Schw. are without fruit. The
diagnosis is from Rehm (in Die Pilze).

707
H. hiascens, Rehm Asc. No. 314.

Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 314.— Rab. F. E. 3564.— Ell. N. A. F. 151.

Scattered, superficial, narrow-elliptical, hardly over 1 mm. long,
black; lips incurved, open so as to expose the narrow disk. Asci
clavate-oblong, obtuse, subsessile, paraphysate, 8-spored, 100 x 20-25 fi.
Sporidia irregularly crowded, oblong-elliptical, mostly a little curved,
6-8-septate, with a longitudinal septum generally running through all
the cells, 22-27 x 8-10 p..

On bark of Quercus bicolor and Celtis occidentalism in Carolina,
on bark of Quercus coccinea, Newfield, N. J.

Generally accompanied by Hysterium pulicare, Pers. The asci
and sporidia are much like those of H. Syringce, Schw., but the peri-
thecia are rather larger and more obtuse. Hysterium hiascens, B. & C.
Grev. IV, p. 11, is said to be different and referable to the Discomy-
cetes. We have never seen it.

** Perithecia discoid; sporidia yellowish {Pseudogr aphis).

H. elatina, (Ach.)

Lichen elatinus, Acharius Prodr. I,ich. p. 22.
Lecanora elatina, Ach. l,ich. Univ. p. 387.
Hysterium elatinum, Pers. Syn. p. 28.
Pseudographis elatina, Nyl. Herb. Mus. Fenn. p. 96.
Krempelhuberia Cadubrice, Massal. Geneac. p. 15, No. 21.
Exsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. 709.— Rehm Asc. 25.

Perithecia gregarious, round or irregular, rounded-angular or
elongated-elliptical, obtuse, at first sunk in the bark which is raised
into a pustule and then laciniately torn, suberumpent, closed at first,
then with an elongated or laciniate opening above and widely exposing
the reddish-yellow disk, rough, black, carbonaceous, 1-2 mm. across.
Asci cylindrical, 180-250x15-18 ju, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate,
oblong-ovate, straight or slightly curved, 1-7-septate, and finally muri-
form, hyaline or yellowish, 21-30 x 10-14 ju. Yar. crispum, (Pers.).
reported by Schweinitz as found in Carolina and Pennsylvania, on
bark of pine trees, differs in having much longer and narrower, more
curved and flexuous perithecia with thin, crisped lips and black disk.

This genus and species is placed by Dr. Rehm (Die Pilze) in the
Discomycetes, Fam. Pseudophacidiem, where it evidently belongs;
but as the species has hitherto been classed among the Heysterinem,
and will quite likely be sought for in that Family, we leave it there
for the present.

**"* Sporidia hyaline (Gloniopsis).

H. Cookeianum, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 77.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, black, not striate, linear-elon-

708

gated, often curved, lying in various directions on the matrix, ends
acute; lips narrow, slightly swollen, edges somewhat remote. Asci
oblong, 8-spored, subsessile, 60-75x20-22 /*. Paraphyses branched
above. Sporidia inordinate, subelliptical, hyaline, muriform, 20-30 x
12-15 pu

On bark of Carya alba, New Paltz Landing, N. Y. (Gerard), on
dry, exposed wood, Ohio (Morgan), on cast-off bark of Acer and of
Pyrus Malus, and on decorticated oak limbs, Newfield, N. J; com-
mon, but not abundant.

H. gloniopsis, (Gerard).

Hysterium hyalosporum, Ger. in Peck's 31st Rep. p. 49.
Hysterium gloniopsis, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VI, p. 78.
Hysterium hyalinum, C. & P. in Cooke's Disc, of the U. S. p. 33.
Gloniella hyalina, Sacc. Syll. 5719.
Gloniopsis Gerardiana, Sacc. Syll. 5747.

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, lying in the direction of the fibers
of the wood, frequently parallel, linear, narrow, rounded at each end,
1-2 mm. long, straight, faintly striate ; lips acute, nearly closed. Asci
cylindric-clavate, paraphysate, 8-spored, subsessile, 57-60 x 12 p.. Spo-
ridia biseriate, clavate-oblong, 3-septate, with one or two of the broader
cells often divided by a longitudinal septum, 12-15 (exceptionally 20)
x 5-6 ft, hyaline.

On dry, hard wood of deciduous trees, New York State (Peck &
Fairman), Louisiana (Langlois), on old, dry oak wood, New Jersey
(Ellis).

The above diagnosis is from the original specimens of Hysterium
gloniopsis, determined by Gerard. The specc. of H hyalinum,
C. & P., determined by Cooke, do not differ appreciably. In the
diagnosis of H. hyalinum, in Disc. U. S. the sporidia are said to be
26-28 x 6-8 p., but we can only make them as stated above. In a
spec, of Hysterium hyalosporum, Ger., from Gerard, the sporidia,
when mature, become brown, though they remain for a long time
hyaline, but in all other respects the spec, agrees so well with the
characters given above that it cannot well be separated. In the
original description of Hysterium hyalinum, C. & P., nothing is said
of any longitudinal septa in the sporidia, but in the mature sporidia
they are always present.

H. prselongum. (Schw.)

Hysterium prcelongum, Schw. in Herb. Schw. & Syn. N. Am. 2074 (not Duby),
Hysterium lineolatum, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 107.
Hysterium Verbasci, Schw. in Herb. Schw. & Syn. N. Am. 2093.
Gloniopsis Verbasci, Rehm Rev. Duby, Hyst. p. 11.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 69.— EH. N. A. F. 1321.

709

Perithecia linear, mostly lying parallel, straight or subflexuous,
flattened above, immersed in the wood with the flattened apex exposed
and slightly prominent ; lips incurved, leaving a narrow crevice or
furrow between them, lg-2J mm. long. Asci clavate-oblong, 65-70 x
15 jut, 8-spored, subsessile, overtopped by the abundant, filiform par-
aphyses, which are blackened and glued together at their tips. Spo-
ridia subbiseriate, ovate-elliptical or subclavate, often a little curved,
5-7-septate and muriform, yellowish-hyaline, 20-22 x 8-10 fi. Hys-
terium. Verbasci, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2093, has the sporidia a little
more attenuated below and the lips of the perithecia rather more dis-
tinctly closed, perhaps because the specc. are not as old.

On weather-beaten wood, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.),
Ohio (Morgan), on wood of Quercus and Persea, Texas and Florida
(Ravenel), on old stems of Verbascum Thapsus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Without a microscopical examination, the specc. of H. Verbasci
and H. prcelongum, in Herb. Schw. can not readily be distinguished
from Glonium lineare, Fr. It is doubtful whether If. Verbasci
should be separated from H. pradongum, even as a variety ; it cer-
tainly can not be specifically distinct. The specc. issued in N. A. F.
1321, as Hysterium lineolatum, Cke., are mostly Gloniella Curtisii.
(Duby), but H. lineolatum also occurs on several of them.

H. Lonicerse, (Phil. & Hark.)

Hysterium Lonicerce, Phil. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 23.
Gloniopsis Lonicerce, Berl. & Vogl. Add. Sacc. Syll. I, p. 270.

Scattered or gregarious, elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, 500-
1200 fi long, parallel, subprominent, striate or smooth; lips subpromi-
nent, open at maturity. Asci cylindric-elavate, 8-spored. Sporidia
elliptical or subpyriform, muriform, hyaline, mostly with a gelatinous
coat, 20-30x7-11 //, with indistinct paraphyses.

On decorticated branches of Lonicera, California (Harkness).

H. insignis, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIV, p. 10.

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent, oval or elliptical, |-1 mm. long,
black, subshining; lips closely approximated. Asci clavate, 8-spored.
Sporidia lanceolate, acuminate at the ends, constricted in the middle,
5-7-septate and muriform, hyaline, 20 x 10 //.

On wood of Acacia, California (Harkness).

H. Smilacis, (Schw.)

Hysterium Smilacis, Schw. Syn. Car. 241. Syn. N. Am. 2096.
Hypoderma Smilacis, Sacc. Syll. 5801.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2375.— Rehm Asc. 318— Thum. M. U. 662.

Perithecia erumpent, surrounded at base by the ruptured epi-

710

dermis, about 1 mm. long (exceptionally l|-2 mm.), gregarious, black,
but not shining; lips nearly closed so as to leave but a narrow cleft
between them, marked on each side by two distinct, longitudinal striae.
Asci oblong, subsessile, 60x15 /jl, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia
biseriate or inordinate, clavate-oblong or clavate-fusoid, yellowish-
hyaline, 3-5-pseudoseptate, one or two of the inner cells divided by a
longitudinal septum, 12-20 (mostly 15) x 4-5 //, or, including the
gelatinous envelope, 7 fi wide.

Common, on dead stems of various species of Smilax.

The perithecia (sec. Schw.), are 2-3 lines (3-6 mm.) long. None
of the specc. we have seen, including those in Herb. Schw., are as long
as that — mostly about 1 mm. long.

FAMILY. HYPODERMIC.

• Perithecia elongated-linear or elliptical, mostly simple, covered
by the epidermis and mostly adnate to it, thin, membranaceous, open-
ing by a longitudinal cleft along the summit.

HYPODERMA, DC.

Flore de Franc. II, p. 304.

Perithecia innate, oblong or ellipsoid, at first covered by the epi-
dermis, membranaceous, thin, subdimidiate, opening by a longitudinal
cleft along the apex. Asci clavate, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia
fusoid or oblong, guttulate, becoming mostly 2-celled, much shorter
than the asci. Spermogonia (Leptostroma sp.), orbicular, finally
deciduous. Spermatia simple, minute.

H. commune, (Fries).

Hysterium commune, Fr. S. M. II, p. 589.
Hypoderma commune, Duby, Hyst. p. 41.
Fxsicc. Rab. Herb. Mycol. II, 576.— Rav. F. Am. 323.— Sydow, M. March. 2151, 3271.— EH.
N. A. F. 464.

Perithecia superficial-innate, ellipsoid, obtuse at each end, black;
lips longitudinally rugose or smooth, disk subfuliginous, l-l|x^ mm.
Asci ovate-clavate, very delicate, slender-stipitate, 8-spored, 60-75 x
10-12 /i, with slender, filiform paraphyses, straight or curved above.
Sporidia elongated or narrow-fusoid, straight, subdbtuse, 2-celled,
hyaline, 18-20x4/*, lying mostly parallel in the upper part of the
asci.

On Sambucus Canadensis, Sedum Tdephinm, and various dead

711

herbaceous stems, in Carolina, on Eupatorium purpureum, Pennsyl-
vania and New Jersey; probably common throughout the United
States.

Leptostroma vulgare, Fr., is considered to be the spermogonial
form of this species; sporules elongated, subobtuse, slightly curved,
continuous, 7 x 1 j— 2 /i. The diagnoses of this and of H. mrgultorum
are almost identical, and whether the two are really distinct may well
be doubted. H. commune seems to differ only in its more obtuse,
rather smaller perithecia with less open lips. If the two are really
distinct, the difference is to be sought in the spermogonia. Hysterium
confluens, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2101, and H. expallens, Schw. 1. c. 2106,
are apparently only forms of Hypoderma commune, but the specc. in
Herb. Schw. are entirely sterile.

H. virgultorum, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 165.

Hysterium Rubi, Pers. Obs. Myc. I, p. 84.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 757.— Kunze F. Sel. 162.— M. & N. Stirp. Vog. 564.— Rehm Asc. 362,
919.— Sydow, M. March. 329.— Thum. M. U. 180.— Rav. F. Am. 324.— Roura. F. G.
270.— EH. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2378.

Perithecia scattered, subinnate, lying parallel in the direction of
the axis of the stem, elongated, acute, smooth, shining, black, at length
gaping, gray inside. Asci clavate-oblong, long-stipitate, 8-spored.
90x9 /*, with filiform paraphyses hooked or spirally coiled above.
Sporidia fusoid-elongated, subobtuse, straight or slightly curved,
2-celled, 2-nucleate, hyaline, 21-24 x 3-4 (i\ polystichous. The sper-
mogonial stage is Leptostroma mrgultorum, Sacc, with 1 -celled, sub-
cylindrical sporules 4-5 x 1 p..

On dead stems of Rubus, New Jersey and Carolina, on bramble.
California (Harkness).

H. ilicinum, De Not. Giorn. Bot. Ital. II, p. 35, Duby, Hyst. p. 40.

Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. iooo.

Innate, epiphyllous, scattered, elliptical, obtuse at the ends, at
length deciduous, dark gray as seen through the epidermis, 700 x
350 p\ lips slightly swollen, white-margined, at first closed, at length
partially open, exposing the pallid disk. Asci clavate-stipitate, 80 x
12 p, p. sp. about 50x12 p, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong
or clavate-cylindrical, slightly curved, hyaline, about 15-20x3-4^.
continuous, indistinctly nucleate, at length faintly uniseptate.

On leaves of Quercus virens, Hibernia, Florida (Dr. Martin), on
leaves of some species of oak, in Mexico (Dr. Eckfeldt).

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from the Florida
specimens.

712

variegatum, (B. & C.)

Hysterium variegatum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 12.
Hypoderma variegatum, Duby, Hyst. p. 43.

Innate-superficial, scattered or gregarious, sometimes confluent,
linear-elongated, subobtuse, black; lips flat, closely connivent, their
edges sometimes slightly raised, so as to leave a very narrow, straight
or subflexuous cleft. Asci very minute, clavate, sessile. Sporidia'
hyaline, linear, obtuse, inordinate, 48-50 x \\ ft. Paraphyses none.

On dead branches of Viburnum Opulus and various species of
Andromeda, also on Aralia spinosa, North and South Carolina
(Ravenel).

fl. rufilabriim, (B. & C.)

Hysterium rufilabrum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 12.
Hypoderma rufilabrum, Sacc. Syil. 5796.

"Obtuse, elliptical, growing on a pallid spot; lips rufous. Asci
clavate. Sporidia shortly fusiform, hyaline, 15 fi long. Sporidia very
different from those of neighboring species."

On twigs of Acer striatum, South Carolina (Ravenel).

H. Eucalypti, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21.

Epiphyllous, gregarious. Perithecia lanceolate or linear, erum-
pent-superficial, black; lips rounded, loosely connivent. Asci clavate.
Sporidia inordinate, elongated-fusoid, continuous, hyaline, 30 x 3 ju.

On leaves of Eucalyptus, California (Harkness).

fl. scirpinura, DC. Fl. Fr. p. 166.

Hysterium scirpinum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 590.
Sphceria Leptostroma, Ehr. Sylv. Berol. p. 29.
Fxsicc. Kze F. Sel. 277.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. II, p. 262.— Thum. M. U. 178.

Perithecia innate, oblong, straight, depressed, very black, about
2 x j mm.; lips forming an elevated ridge, parallel, finally open.
Asci fusoid-clavate, 120-140x15-18 //, 8-spored, with abundant fili-
form paraphyses. Sporidia "conglobate, fusoid-bacillate, straight or
curved, yellowish-hyaline, 40-56 x 5-6 ft, Sacc; 36-40 x 4J-5 //, Rehm.
Spermogonial perithecia {Leptostroma scirpinum, Fr.) intermixed.
Perithecia orbicular, umbonate in the center, finally deciduous, 150 fi
diam.

On Scirpus validus, Montezuma marshes, N. Y. (Peck).

Specc. from Peck have asci stipitate, 110-125x10-13 //, and
sporidia 30-35 x 4-4 J fi.

713

H. Desmazierii, Dnby, Hyst. p. 42, tab. II, fig. 22.

Amphigenous, scattered, innate, ovate, convex, longitudinally
striate, very black and shining, covered by the thin epidermis to which
it is closely adnate; lips closed so as to leave a scarcely discernible
crevice between them. Asci broad-clavate, sessile, paraphysate,
8-spored. Sporidia inordinate, oblong or clavate-oblong, hyaline, con-
tinuous, 15-22 x 2J-3 p, rather narrower and more acute below.

On leaves of Pinus Strobus, London, Canada (Dearness), on pine
leaves, New York (Peck & Gerard).

H. conigemini, (Pers.)

Hysterium conigenum, Pers. Syn. p. 102.
Hypoderma conigenum, Cke. Hndbk. II, p. 762.

Perithecia erumpent, small, shining, elliptical or elongated, thin;
lips whitening out, broadly open. Asci clavate, rather long-stipitate,
90-100x12-14 /*, with filiform paraphyses curved above, 8-spored.
Sporidia bacillary-fusoid, often curved, 20-22 x 2|-3 ju, pluriguttulate,
hyaline.

Rather rare, on cones of pine trees, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Species imperfectly known.
H. plantarum, (Schw.)

Hysterhim plantarum, Schw. Syn. Car. 255.
Hypoderma plantarum, Sacc. Syll. 5805.

Innate, linear, smooth, becoming black; lips thin, subflexuous,
forming a narrow ridge along the apex of the perithelium.

On dead stems of Monotropa, North Carolina (Schw.).

Differs from H. commune in its elongated form ; the long, narrow
lips slanting upwards like the roof of a house. The specc in Herb.
Schw. are without fruit.

LOPHODERMIUM, Chev.

Flore de Paris, I, p. 436.

Perithecia mostly on pale spots on the stems or leaves, innate-
erumpent, elongated, mostly simple, sometimes forked, opening by a
longitudinal cleft along the middle. Asci clavate, mostly subacute at
the apex, 8-spored, with the paraphyses mostly hooked or spirally
coiled at the tips. Sporidia filiform, continuous, nucleate, hyaline,
lying parallel, nearly as long as the asci.
90

714

L. hysterioides, (Pers.)

Xyloma hysterioides, Pers. Syn. p. 106.
Lophodermium xylomoides, Chev. Flor. Par. I, p. 437.
Hysterium foliicolum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 592.
Hypoderma xylomoides, DC Fl. Franc. VI, p. 164.
Hysterium Berberidis, Schleich. Exsicc. No. 182.
Aporia microtheca, Duby, Hyst. p. 52.

Schizotkyrium microlhecum, Sacc. Syll. 5554 (fide Rehm).
Lophodermium hysterioides, Sacc. Syll. 5808.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 742, 759.— M. & N. Stirp. Vog. 761. — Rab. Herb. Mycol. II, 156, id.
F. E. 1151.— Rehm Asc. 867.— Sydow, M. March. 856, 1838.

Perithecia scattered on roughish, pale spots, innate, convex-erum-
pent. elliptical, sometimes suborbicular, straight or sometimes a little
bent, mostly simple, subsliining-black, the sharp lips nearly closed,
leaving only a slight, narrow crevice, about 1 x J mm. Asci clavate,
obtusely pointed above, stipitate, 8-spored, 80-100 x 9-10 ju, with
filiform paraphyses bent into a spiral above. Sporidia filiform, curved,
continuous, hyaline, 60-70 x 1J ^, lying: parallel, but somewhat curved
or twisted around the longer axis of the ascus.

On leaves of Andromeda axillaris, North Carolina (Schw.);
found in Europe mostly on leaves of the Rosacece.

L. maculare, (Fr.)

Hysterium maculare, Fr. S. M. II, p. 592.
Lophodermium maculare, De Not. Piren. Ister. p. 40.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1752. — Moug: & Nestl. Stirp. Vog. 1072.— Thum. M. U. 75.

Perithecia scattered on pale spots which are sometimes limited
by a narrow, black line, adnate, mostly less than 1 mm. long by |-J
mm. broad, elliptical, obtuse, simple, at first depressed above, then
swollen, the opposite sides slanting up towards each other, and their
upper, brownish margins separated by a straight, narrow, longitudinal
cleft extending nearly across. Asci clavate, obtusely pointed at the
apex, stipitate, 40-50 x 5 jul, with filiform paraphyses more or less bent
or hooked at the tips. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, filiform, somewhat
twisted together, 30-40 x 1 //.

On leaves of various species of Vaccinium, around Newfield,
N. J., and probably common throughout the United States and Canada.

Var. albolabrum, E. & E., Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 859 (partly).
Perithecia with white-margined lips, as in L. melaleucum, but with
asci and sporidia as in the usual form. On leaves of some unknown
shrub or tree, Utah (S. J. Harkness).

In some copies of N. A. F. two kinds of leaves were distributed
under No. 859. The var. is on the longer, narrower leaves, on large,
irregular shaped, bleached spots bounded by a narrow, black line.

715

The peritbecia are rather smaller than in L. melaleucum, and though
they have the white-margined lips of that species, the fructification is
exactly that of L. maculare.

L. melaleiicum, (Fr.)

Hysterhim melaleucum , Fr. Obs. Mycol. I, p. 192, tab. II, fig. 1.
Lophodermium melaleucum, De Not. Pir. Istr. p. 40.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 736, Sacc. M. V. 1478.

Peritbecia on pale or whitish, subdeterminate spots, innate, con-
vex-erumpent, elliptical or suborbicular, obtuse, mostly simple, straight,
black, 1 x |-| mm., at first depressed, then carinate, at length opening
by a linear crevice and exposing the white (sometimes yellow or
greenish) margin of the lips. Asci cylindric-clavate, obtusely pointed
at the apex, stipitate, 70-75 x9 /i, with filiform paraphyses, 2 ju thick
and subundulate-bent. Sporidia filiform, straight, continuous, hyaline,
50-55 x 2 /*, lying parallel, 8 in an ascus.

On living leaves of Rhododendron Catawbiense, Roan Moun-
tain, North Carolina (Scribner).

This agrees so well with specc. and diagnosis of L. melaleucum,
that we refer it here without hesitation. The lips when first opened
have a yellow margin, and it cannot therefore be the typical form.

L. sphaerioides, (A. & S.)

Hysterium sphcerioides, A. & S. Conspect. Fung. Nisk. p. 57, tab. X, fig. 3.
Lophodermium sphcerioides, Duby, Hyst. p. 44.

Peritbecia scattered on paler spots, innate, hemispherical, about
I mm. diam., brownish-black, pierced above with a nearly round open-
ing or with a narrow, slightly white-margined cleft extending nearl}r
across the apex. Asci clavate, stipitate, 60-65 x 7-8 /i, with filiform
paraphyses longer than the asci and mostly recurved or hooked at the
tips. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, filiform, lying parallel, hyaline, about
35xl| fi.

On dead leaves of Ledum palustre, Vermilion Lake, Minnesota
(Holway), New York State (Peck).

The diagnosis is from the Minnesota specimens.

L. tiimidum, (Fr.)

Hysterium tumidum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 591.
Coccomyces tumida, De Not. Giorn. Bot. Ital. II, p. 38.
Lophodermium tiimidum, Rehni, Die Pilze, III, p. 40.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 746.— Rehm Ase. 519.— Romell, Fungi Scand. 84.

Peritbecia scattered on pale spots, innate, swollen-erumpent, ellip-
tical, subacute at the ends, shining-black, the sharp, slightly open lips
leaving only a narrow cleft between them, and partially exposing the

716

brownish disk, J-1J mm. long by 1 mm. wide (or a little less). Asci
elavate, 70-75x9-10 p, obtusely pointed at the apex, short-stipitate,
with filiform paraphyses hooked at the tips. Sporidia filiform, straight,
often a little swollen at the tips, continuous, hyaline, 45-50 x 1 J— 2 p,
lying parallel.

On dead leaves and petioles of Amelanchier alnifolia, Klikitat
Co., Washington (Suksdorf, No. 201), on oak leaves, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schw.), on fallen beech leaves, New York (Peck).

The species is specifically characterized by its swollen perithecia
with walls rising like an arch over the disk. It is found in Sweden
and Germany on leaves and petioles of Sorbus Aucuparia. The
sporidia (sec. Fries) are oval, which would place the species in Hypo-
derma. The Washington specc. have filiform sporidia agreeing with
the specc. issued by Rehm and Rornell.

L. exaridum, C. & P. in Cke. Disc, of the U. S. p. 36.

Hysterium exaridum, C. & P. in Pk. 29th Rep. p. 63.

Perithecia scattered on pale, irregular shaped spots, suborbicular
or oblong, \-l\ mm. long, adnate, superficial, black, obtuse, minutely
rugose; lips slanting upwards, nearly closed, not swollen, hypophyl-
lous. Asci slender-clavate, 70-85 x 6-7 p, 8-spored, subsessile, with
filiform paraphyses more or less bent and thickened at the tips. Spo-
ridia filiform, multinucleate, hyaline, slightly thickened above, 60-70 x

ii-ij p.

On fallen leaves of Kalmia angustifolia, New York (Peck), on
dead, dried up leaves of Kalmia latifolia, still hanging on limbs cut
some months previously, at Newfield, N. J.

Diagnosis from the Newfield specimens.

L. petiolicolum, Fckl. Symb. p. 255.

Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 745.— Kunze F. Sel. 276.— Rab. F. F. 462. 2642.— Thum. M. U. 1757.

Perithecia on pale spots, innate-erumpent, subprominent, finally
collapsing, elliptical, subacute, straight, simple, shining-black, cleft
narrow, finally partially opening, so as partly to expose the pale disk,
l-l|x| mm.; lips not swollen. Asci elavate, obtusely pointed at
the apex, 8-spored, 45-70 x 6-7 p, with filiform paraphyses hooked at
the tip. Sporidia filiform, mostly straight, continuous, hyaline, 45-50 x
1± p, lying parallel.

On petioles and midribs of fallen oak leaves, Newfield, N. J., on
petioles of Acer saccharinum, Caroga, N. Y. (Peck).

717

L. Rhododendri, (Schw.)

Hysterium Rhododendri, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 21 16, not Lophodermium Rhododendri ,
Ces. in Erb. Critt. Ital. No. 537, Rehm in Die Pilze, Disc. p. 40.
Kxsicc. EH. N. A. F. 1287.

Epiphyllous, on round, pale spots 1-2 cm. diam., with a reddish,
swollen margin both above and below, punctiform at first, then or-
bicular, subdiscoid, depressed, |-f mm. diam., becoming elliptical.
1—1 J x |— 1 mm, with the opposite sides slanting up towards each
other and separated by a very narrow cleft. Asci clavate, 1 10-130 x
12-15 /i, 8-spored, with filiform paraphyses broadly recurved at the
tips. Sporidia linear-cylindrical, nucleate, continuous, hyaline, 60-75 x
2-2J fi.

On leaves of Rhododendron, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), Mauch
Chunk, Pa. (Martindale), on leaves of Rhododendron Californicmn,
Oregon (Carpenter), New York (Peck).

On the Oregon specimen is also another fungus agreeing accu-
rately with Phacidium dentatum, Kze. & Sch., but which can not be
conjured into anything like the Phacidium Rhododendri, Schw. The
diagnosis of this last mentioned species does not differ essentially from
that of Hysterium Rhododendri, Schw., both being said to be 2 lines
long and sometimes, at least, trifariously dehiscent; and as Schweinitz
himself says he fears the two species may not be distinct, there i>
some reason to suppose that he has given two hybrid diagnoses, each
combining the characters of Phacidium and Hysterium. The diag-
nosis given above is from the specc. collected by Mr. Martindale.
None of these now accessible show any perithecia 2 lines (4 mm.) long.
There can be no doubt that these specc. are a Lophodermiitm and
not a Phacidium (Coccomyces).

L. orbiculare, (Ehrenb.)

Hysterium orbiculare, Ehrenb. F. Champ. No. 30, t. xx, fig. 15.

Spots aniphigenous, dull white above, with a narrow, reddish
border, 2-4 mm. diam., becoming ferruginous below. Perithecia
hypophyllous, innate-erumpent, small, \-\ mm., sphasroid, more or
less flattened and depressed above, becoming hemispherical or sub-
elongated with a distinct cleft across the summit, at length more or
less open. Asci clavate, obtusely pointed above, 70-75 x 7-8 fi,
8-spored, with abundant paraphyses curved and thickened above.
Sporidia clavate-cylindrical, yellowish-hyaline, multinucleate, 60-70 x

On leaves of Andromeda calyculata, London, Canada (J)earness).

In the original diagnosis the fungus is said to be epiphyllous. but

this may be in contradistinction to epicauline. The specc. from Dear-

718

ness are also paraphysate. Without authentic specc for comparison,
it can not be certainly decided that this is the veritable Hysterium
orbiculare, Ehrenb., but the locality, habitat and general characters
indicate that species. The perithecia are at first covered and almost
hidden by the whitish, orbicular scales of the leaf.

L. Heteromelis, (Phil. & Hark.)

Hypoderma Heteromelis, Phil. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 23.

Gregarious, innate-erumpent, oblong, straight or curved, flattened
or slightly prominent, 400-800 /i long. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75-
80 x 5-6 /£, with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia filiform, 60-65 x 1| fi.

On the under side of leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia, Cali-
fornia (Harkness).

The perithecia in specc. from Harkness are covered by the thin
epidermis, which gives them a dull appearance. The sporidia being
nearly as long as the asci, will place this in Lophodermium.

L. Dracamae, Phil. & Hark. Grev. XII, p. 84.

Scattered, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, 300-800 /u long, super-
ficial, deciduous, glabrous; lips adherent, then open and gaping. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, 100x5-6 ju, 8-spored, with filiform paraphyses
bent or hooked at the tips. Sporidia filiform, 70-85 x 1-2 ju.

On Draccefia, California (Harkness).

We have supplemented the original diagnosis by the examination
of specc. from Dr. Harkness, but can not make the paraphyses di-
chotomous at the tips.

L. juniperinum, (Fries).

Hysterium pinastri, b. juniperinum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 588.
Lophodermium juniperinum, De Not. Piren. Istr. p. 40.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 735, 1753.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 445.— Rehm Asc. 128.— Thum. F.
Austr. 1268. — Thum. M. U. 76.— Kriegr. F. Sax. 382. — Iyinht. Fung. Hung. 153.
Sydow, M. March. 2424.— Roum. F. G. 1270.— Ell. N. A. F. 999.— Cke. F. Brit.
Ser. I, 395.

Perithecia scattered, innate-erumpent, depressed above when
young, finally more prominent, elliptical, obtuse, nearly black, \-\ mm.
long by \-\ mm. wide, with a narrow cleft and lips scarcely swollen.
Asci clavate, short-stipitate, 70-85x10-12//, 8-spored, with filiform
paraphyses straight or a little curved above. Sporidia filiform, con-
tinuous, multinucleate, hyaline, nearly straight, 65-75 x l|-2 /a.

On dead leaves of Juniperus communis, Iowa (Holway), on dead
leaves of Cupressus thyoides, Newfield, N. J.

719
L. arundinaceum, (Schrad.)

Hysterium arundinaceum, Schrad. Journ. Eot. II, p. 68, tab. 3, fig. 3.
Lophodermium arundinaceum, Chev. Flore Paris. I, p. 435.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, on pale spots, innate-erumpent
aud prominent, lying in the direction of the axis of the stem, elongated
orlelliptical, straight, simple, obtuse or acute, brown or black, with
sharp, sometimes white-margined lips, finally a little open so as to leave
a narrow crevice through which the pale brown disk is partly visible.
i-2 mm. long, \-\ mm. wide. Asci clavate, subsessile, 70-80 x 8-10 p,
(75-100x9-12 fi, Renin), with filiform paraphyscs longer than the
asci and mostly undulate above. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, filiform,
straight or slightly bent, continuous, multinucleate, hyaline, 40-70 x
1 i-2 fi. The spermogonia (Leptostromella hysterioides, Sacc.), have
curved, subulate, continuous sporules 16-18 p long.

Var. vulgaie, Fckl. Symb. Mycol. p. 256. Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh.
737.— Rab. F. E. 1613.— Sydow, M. March. 538.— Thum. M. U. 77.
Perithecia scarcely prominent, brownish elliptical, with a very narrow
cleft, 1J-2 mm. long, |-| mm. wide. Sporidia 70-75 p long.
On dead leaves, sheaths and culms of Phragmites communis. We have
seen no American specimens.

Var. culmigenum, (Fr.) Fckl. Symb. p. 257. Hysterium culmige-
num, Fr. S. M. II, p. 591 , and b. gramineum, Fr. ibid.; Lophodermium^
arundinaceum, b. culmigenum, Fckl. Symb. p. 257. Exsicc. Fckl. F.
Rh. 738, 740, 2557.— Kze. F. Sel. 161.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 34.— Rab.
F. E. 1226.— Rehm Asc. 27.1.— Sydow, M. March. 25, 855.— Ell. N.
A. F. 465. — Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 85. Perithecia strongly promi-
nent, mostly elliptical, obtuse, black, opening with a decided cleft.
J-1J mm. long, \-\ mm. broad. Sporidia 45-75 x \\ p, subacute.

On dead culms and sheaths of Poa compressa, Phleum pratense
and Andropogon Virginicus, common around Newfield, N. J., on
wheat straw, Ohio (Kellerman); probably not uncommon everywhere.

Var. caricinum, (Rob.); Lophodermium caricinum, Duby, Hyst.
p. 47; Aporia neglecta, Duby, 1. c. p. 51 (sec. Rehm). Exsicc. Fckl.
F. Rh. 1751.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. H, 723.— Sacc. M. Ven. 1280.
Perithecia elliptical, acute, J-| mm. long, J-J mm. wide, margin of
lips finally yellowish, cleft rather narrow. Asci 60 x 6-8 p. (60-80 x
6-9 p, Rehm). Sporidia 45-55 x 1J p (50-60 x 1-1 J fi, Rehm).

On dead leaves of various species of Gar ex, Newfield, N". J.

720

L tvphiniwi, (Fr.)

Hysterium typhinum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 590.

Lophodermium typhinum, Lambotte, Flor. Belg. II, p. 452.

Perithecia innate, oblong, covered by the bullate-swollen epi-
dermis, finally bare, black, 2 lines (4 mm.) and over, long; lips swollen,
whitish within.

On dead leaves of Typha latifolia, Guilderland, N. Y. (Peck).

The above diagnosis is from Fries. We have not seen the New
York specimens, but specc. from Plowright (England) have asci 60-
75x6-8/>«. Sporidia filiform, 40-50 x 1-1 \ p. Perithecia elliptical,
rather obtuse, 1—1 J mm. long by J mm. broad, depressed above when
young, covered by the epidermis. The specc. are evidently not mature.

L. cladophilum, (Lev.)

Hysterium cladophilum, Lev. in Moug. and Nest. Exsice. 1243.

Hysterium Vaccinii, Carmich. Eng. Fl. V, p. 295.

Sporomega cladophila, Duby, Hyst. p. 48.

Lophodermium cladophilum, Rehm, Die Pilze, III, p. 42.
Exsice. Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. II, 564.— EH. N. A. F. 154.— Rab. F. E. 157.— Thum. F.
Austr. 507.

Perithecia scattered and lying in various directions, elliptical,
oblong or short-linear, black, prominent, small (|-1 J mm.); lips swollen,
convex, leaving a narrow fissure between them, covered by the black-
ened epidermis, but when this falls away, becoming superficial. Asci
cylindrical. Sporidia filiform, hyaline, not thickened at the apex,
about as long as the asci.

On dead branches of Vaecinium Pennsylvanicum, Newfield, N. J.

L. nervisequium, (DC.)

Hypoderma nervisequium, DC. Fl. Franc. VI, p. 167.
Lophodermium nervisequium, Rehm, Die Pilze, III, p. 44.
Exsice. Fckl. F. Rh. 2559.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. II, 722.— id. F. E. 2144.— Thum. F. Austr.
262. — id. M. U. 463, 1073. — Linht. Fungi Hung. 65.

Hypophyllous, at first standing singly along the midrib, at length
confluent, forming a continuous black line, erumpent, convex, black,
marked above with a distinct, longitudinal cleft, finally open so as to
expose the pale yellow disk, 1-1 J mm. long,. \-\ mm. broad. Asci
clavate-oblong, 60-90 x 12-15 /i, sessile, obtusely pointed above,
8-spored, with slender, filiform, undulate paraphyses. Sporidia fili-
form, clavate-thickened and bent at the tips, which are about 2 p thick.

On leaves of Abies balsamea, Caroga, N. Y. (Peck).

The measurements are from Linhart's specc. and are about the
same as those given by Dr. Rehm.

721

L. lineare, (Pk.)

Rhytisma lineare, Pk. 25th Rep. p. 100, pi. 1, figs. 24-26.

Hypoderma lineare, Thum. in Diag. M. U. Cent. X-XII, p. 12, and Sacc. Syll. 5788.
Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 1073.

Hypophyllous, linear, here and there interrupted or constricted,
forming a black strip along the midrib, often extending the entire
length of the leaf; lips thin, closed at first, then open, exposing the
pallid disk. Asci ventricose-clavate, 100-110x35-40 //, aparaphysate,
8-spored. Sporidia lying in irregular order, 50-70 pt long, didymous,
consisting of two oblong, granular-hyaline parts 25-30 x 4-5 /i joined
end to end by a slender neck.

On leaves of Pinus Strobus, Guilderland, Greenbush and Sand-
lake, N. Y. (Peck).

The measurements of asci and sporidia are from the spec, in
Thiim. Mycotheca.

L. pinastri, (Schrad.)

Hysterium pinastri, Schrad. Journ. Bot. II, p. 69, tab. 3, fig. 4.
Aporia obsdnyf, Duby , Hyst. p. 51.
Lophodermium pinastri, Chev. Flore Paris. I, p. 430.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 734.— Kze. F. Sel. 371. — Rab. F. E. 1443, 1922, 2022.— Rehm Asc. 127.
Sydow, M. March. 93.— Thum. F. Austr. 505, 871, 1059. — Thum. M. U. 292.

Perithecia scattered on pale spots mostly limited by a black line,
innate-erumpent, oblong-elliptical, subobtuse, simple, 'finally shining-
black, |-2| x J-l mm., with a narrow cleft, the lips (sometimes yel-
lowish) slightly separated, revealing the pale disk. Asci clavate,
obtusely pointed above, 8-spored, 90-150x10-14 //, with filiform,
nearly straight paraphyses 2-2 J p. thick and hyaline. Sporidia straight
or a little bent, continuous, multinucleate, hyaline, 75-120 xl|-2 yt.
Spermogonium (Leptostroma pinastri, Desm.) with hyaline, cylin-
drical sporules 6-8 x ^-1 fi.

On the upper side of leaves of various species of pine trees, com-
mon everywhere.

CLITHRIS, Fr.

Syst. Mycol. II, p. 186.

Perithecia soft-coriaceous, elliptical, flexuous or sublinear, becom-
ing black, subcutaneous, then erumpent, dehiscing with a longitudinal
fissure, soon broadly open, but for a long time covered by the epider-
mis. Asci elongated, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia fasciculate,
filiform, hyaline, about as long as the asci, continuous at first, finally
multiseptate. Differs from Lophodermium, in its more widely dehis-
cent perithecia which are also of a softer texture.
91

722

As there seem to be no decided characters separating Colpoma,
Wallr., and Sporomega, Corda, we have followed Dr. Rehin (Die
Pilze, III, p. 101) in merging these two genera in Clithris, Fr., which
has precedence, and with which Colpoma, at least, is synonymous, but
have retained the genus in the Hypodermiew, between which and the
Discomycetes, its affinities are about equally divided.

* Perithelia gray-pruinose outside (Colpoma).
CI. quercina, (Pers.)

Hysterium quercinum, Pers. Syn. p. ioo.
Cenangium quercinum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 189.
Triblidium quercinum, Pers. Mycol. Eur. I, p. 333.
Colpoma quercinum, Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. II, p. 423.
Hysterium nigrum, Tode, Fungi Meckl. II, p. 5, tab. Ill, fig. 64.
Sphceria collapsa, Sow. Eng. Fungi, tab. 373, fig. 3.
Variolaria corrugata, Bull. Champ, p. 117, tab. 432, fig. 4.
Exsicc. Desm. PI. Crypt. Ed. I, 383.— Thum. M. U. 369. — Rehm Asc. 27.— Kriegr. F. Sax.
184. — Sydow, M. March. 344. — Vize, Micr. Fungi, 269.

Perithecia ovate-oblong, transverse, convex or semicylindrical
from a flattened base, dark brown, opake, variable in size, at first sub-
cuticular and closed, then rupturing the epidermis and disclosing the
elongated, pale, boat-shaped disk, soon becoming friable and falling-
out. Asci clavate, long-stipitate, apex acute, 135 x 8-10 p, 8 -spored,
with filiform paraphyses. Sporidia filiform, fasciculate, equal, 90 x
l\ /i, at length multicellular, hyaline. Spermogonia orbicular, cov-
ered, 1-celled. Spermatia cylindrical, curved, 8 x 1 J p..

On branches of oak, South Carolina (Curtis).

CI. lactea, (C. & P.)

Colpoma lacteum, C. & P. 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 69.

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, thin, black, the longitudinally
ruptured epidermis closely appressed, disk plane, milk-white. Asci
cylindrical or clavate. Sporidia filiform, 20-30 p long.

On dead stems of Ledum latifolium, Sandlake, N. Y. (Peck).

When moist, the perithecium gaps widely, revealing the con-
spicuous white disk. This and the different habit distinguish the
species from CI. Ledi, (A. & S.).

CI. Azaleae, (Schw.)

Hysterium AzalecB, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2089.
Colpoma Azalea, Cke. Disc. U. S. p. 36.

Perithecia at first (nearly) covered by the epidermis which is
raised into oblong swellings over them, and soon cleft with a narrow
crack which is never more than partially open, mostly lying parallel
and often seriately confluent. Perithecia 2-4 mm. long, sometimes

723

(sec. Schw. J an inch, 12 mm.). From the swollen bark are formed
pseudo-labia, covering the true lips which are of a reddish-brown
color and open, so as to expose the rather broad disk, but this is hardly
ever denuded till the fungus decays. When the epidermis is finally
thrown off the flexuous perithecia, with swollen margin, are seen to be
erumpent from the wood itself. Asci and sporidia as in S. Androm-
edce, from which this is very doubtfully distinct.

CI. Juniperi, (Karst.)

Coccomyces Junipers ', Karst. Mycol. Fenn. I, p. 254 (1871).
Colpoma juniper inum, C. & P. Bull. Buff. Soc. Sept. 1875, p. 36.
Clithris Juniperi, Rehm, Die Pilze, III, p. 102.

Hysterium Petersii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 13, sec. Cke. Grev. XVII, p. 58.
Exsicc. Rehm Asc. 272.

Gregarious, oblong, elliptical, or slightly elongated, covered by
the cuticle which is ultimately fissured in an irregular manner, black-
ish, disk pallid, at length exposed, at first white-pulverulent outside,
membranaceous, 1-3 mm. long. Asci clavate, obtusely pointed at the
apex, 90-100 x 9-10 //, with filiform paraphyses about 2 p. thick and
spirally bent above. Sporidia filiform-fusoid, straight, continuous,
guttulate, hyaline, 45-50 xl|-2 pt, lyrug parallel.

On juniper branches, New York (Peck).

** Perithecia dark brown, not pruinose; sporidia joined at base,

{Spor omega).

CI. degenerans, (Fries).

Hysterium degenerans, Fr. S. M. II, p. 585.
Cliihris degenerans, Rehm, Die Pilze, III, p. 104.
Sporomega degenerans, Duby, Hyst. p. 48.
Exsicc. Fr. Scl. Suec. 40.— Moug. & Nestl. 762.— Desm. Pi. Crypt. Ed. II, 182.

Erumpent, gregarious, round or elongated, or variously shaped,
black outside, disk open, dilated, soft, livid when -fresh, flesh-color
when dry, margin thin, at first adnate to the epidermis, finally sepa-
rating, and erect. Asci elongated-clavate, subacute above, paraphysate,
150x12 p.. Sporidia filiform, acute at each end, 55-80 x 2J p., lying
parallel in the asci.

On dry, decaying branches of Vaccinium and Andromeda, New-
field, N. J.

CI. morbida, (Pk.)

Tryblidium morbidum, Pk. 31st Rep. p. 48.

Perithecia seated on a thin, black crust, irregular in shape, ellip-
tical, oblong or orbicular, rugose, black, closed at first, at length
gaping widely and exposing the dingy-white or yellowish disk. Asci

724

elongated-clavate, 100-112 x 10-12 /*, with filiform paraphyses. Spo-
ridia filiform, nearly as long as the asci, multinucleate, becoming
multiseptate, about 1J ft thick, hyaline.

On dead wood of Abies nigra, Sandlake, N. Y. (Peck), on decay-
ing wood of white cedar (Cupressus thyoides), Newfield, N. J.

Differs from CI. degenerans in the black, crustose subiculum and
sporidia thickened at the apex.

CI. Empetri, (Rostr.)

Sporomega Empetri, Rostr. Fungi Groenl. p. 543.

Perithecia epiphyllous, brown-black, elongated, straight or flexu-
ous, rather thick, opening with a longitudinal cleft; lips finally remote.
Asci clavate, attenuated towards the apex, 80-90x18 //, 8-spored.
Sporidia filiform, hyaline, simple, joined at the base, 60-64x2 /i.

On dry leaves of Empetrum nigrum, Egedesminde, Greenland.

CI. grisea, (Schw.)

Hysterium griseum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2097.
Sporomega grisea, Cke. Disc. U. S. p. 36.
Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2377.

Perithecia at first entirely covered, but visible through the trans-
parent epidermis, grayish- black, elliptical, flat, obtuse, about 1 mm.
long, at length opening with a longitudinal fissure. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 65-75 x 6-7 fjt, with filiform paraphyses longer than the
asci and branched above. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, filiform, 30-35 x 1 ju,
multinucleate.

Common on dead stems of Smilax, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

CI. Andromedae, (Schw.)

Hysterium Andromeda \ Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2090.
Sporomega Andromeda, Duby, Hyst. p. 48, tab. II, fig. 24.
Exsicc. EH. N. A. F. 155.

Perithecia lanceolate, ovate or suborbicular, often elongated to
J cm. in length, lying in various directions on the matrix, at first cov-
ered by the epidermis which is raised into elongated swellings, as if
some larva had burrowed beneath, soon splitting in a narrow crack
along the apex of the perithecium, and finally partially opening so as
to expose the waxy-white disk which at length becomes black. Asci
narrow-clavate, 75-85 x 8-10 /z, 8-spored, with paraphyses slightly
thickened and often branched at the tips. Sporidia filiform, nearly as
long as the asci.

On dead stems and branches of Azalea viscosa and Andromeda

725

racemosa, Newfield, N. J., Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), New York State
(Peck).

The perithecia are generally circumscribed by a black line pene-
trating the wood. According to Schweinitz, the perithecia arise from
the surface of the inner bark and never from the wood.

CI. Vaecinii, (Schw.)

Hysterium Vaecinii, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2088.

Erumpent, large, elongated, ovate, brownish-black, much larger
than ISporom.ega Ledi, to which it is allied. Lips thin; disk rufescent,
erumpent and surrounded by the bark.

On old branches of Vacciniumfrondosu?n, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw).

The specimen in Herb. Schw. apparently belongs here, but affords
no fruit.

FAMILY. DICHiENACEiE.

Perithecia round or elongated, simple, covered, raising the epi-
dermis into pustules, finally erumpent, membranaceous or coriaceo-
membranaceous, black, opening by a cleft across the apex.

DICHJINA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 403.

Perithecia orbicular or elongated, simple, innate-erumpent, cori-
aceo-membranaceous, opening by a cleft across the apex, mostly in
densely crowded patches. Asci saccate or subelongated, 8-spored.
Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptical, 2-3-septate, subhyaline, mostly
biogenous. The place of this genus in the mycological system is
uncertain. It was formerly classed with the lichens. It differs from
the Hysteriacece in its membranaceous and at first buried perithecia.
The ascigerous state is seldom met with, but the pyenidial stage
(Psilospora, Rab.) is common.

D. quercina, (Pers.)

Opegrapha quercina, Pers. in Ann. Bot. VII, p. 31, tab. 3, fig. 4.
Schizoderma quercinum, Chev. Flor. Paris, p. 438, tab. 11, fig. 21.
Opegrapha macularis, Ach. Iyichen. Univ. p. 247.
Dichczna quercina, Fr. Flench. II, p. 142.
Fxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1966.— M. & N. Stirp. Vog. 265.— Sydow, M. March. 384.— Rav. F.
Am. 71, 640.— Roum. F. G. 995.— FH. N. A. F. 793.

Perithecia erumpent, on round or transversely elongated, black,
crustaceous spots \-\ cm. or more across, subglobose or conic-globose,
rough, brownish-black, |-1 mm. diam., or subelongated, membrana-

726

ceous, opening at the apex with a nearly round or subelongated,
rather large opening, finally deciduous. Asci clavate-cylindrical, short-
stipitate, paraphysate, 8-spored, 80-90 x 20 /i. Sporidia biseriate, cla-
vate-oblong, yellowish-hyaline, uniseptate, becoming 3-septate (pseudo-
septate), slightly constricted at the middle septum, 20-24x7-8 fi.

On living branches of Quercus alba, Q. coccinea, &c, common.

The diagnosis is from the specimens distributed in N. A. F. The
asci and sporidia differ considerably from Dr. Renin's figure in Die
Pilze; the former, especially, being longer and narrower. The spo-
ridia remain a long time with only one septum.

1). faginea, (Pers.)

Opegrapha faginea, Pers. in Annal. Bot. VII, p. 32.
Hysterium fagineum, Rab. Pilze, p. 155.
Schizoderma fagineum, Chev. Flor. Par. p. 438.
Opegrapha epiphega, Ach. Meth. Iyich. p. 24.
Hysterium rugosum, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 402.
Dichcena rugosa, Rab. Pilze, p. 472.
Dichcena faginea, Fr. Flench. II, p. 141.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1569.— Rab. Herb. Mycol, 450.— Rav. Car. II, 66.— Rav. F. Am. 335.
Sydow, M. March. 486.— FH. & Kvrht. N. A. F. 2d ser. 2067.

Perithecia as in D. quercina, but more elongated and hysterii-
form, opening above by a more distinctly elongated cleft, erumpent,
as in that species, on sharply defined, black, crustaceous spots which
are usually transversely elongated, 5-6 x 1 cm., or often longer. The
inner surface of the perithecia is lined with stout basidia 15-25 // long,
bearing at their tips elliptical, hyaline sporuJes 12-15x7-8 //, with
granular contents.

Common on trunks of living beech trees.

D. strumosa, Fr. Nov. Symb. p. 132.

Fxsicc. Rav. Fungi Car. II, 67.

Perithecia about as in D. faginea, crowded on orbicular, raised
spots about 1 cm. diam. The hymenial cavity is lined with stout
sporophores 15-25 p long, bearing, as in the preceding species, ter-
minal, elliptical, hyaline sporules 20-25x12-15 p., with granular
contents.

Common on limbs and trunks of living Quercus coccinea and
Q. nigra, Carolina (Ravenel), Mexico (Liebman), New Jersey (Ellis).

This species is verv common around Newfield, N. J., on Quercus
coccinea, and very injurious, finally killing the trees on which it grows.
The round, black spots on which the perithecia are seated are at first
only slightly raised above the bark, but each succeeding year they
increase in circumference and rise higher, soon forming globose, knob-
like swellings, at first bulging out on one side of the limb, but finally

727

surrounding it like a broad, convex, thick ring blackened and rough-
ened by the broken stromatic crust and the abundant perithecia.
Often a limb 6-10 ft. long will have half a dozen or more of these
swellings scattered along at intervals and varying in size from 2-8
inches in diameter. Sometimes they appear on the trunk of a tree,
forming swellings 6-12 inches thick, or even larger, when, as often
happens, they surround the trunk. We have never found ascigerous
specimens of this or of D. faginea.

D. csBspitosa, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1828.

Perithecia cespitose-erumpent through an innate veil, generally
four together, rounded-subcompressed, sooty-black, at length brownish-
pulverulent, sometimes regularly elongated at the apex, or dehiscing
by a short cleft. Perithecia surrounded by the subcinereous, rup-
tured epidermis, black, elevated and collected in groups of considerable
extent.

On beech bark, New England (Torrey).

The diagnosis is from Schw. Synopsis, and is all we know of this
species.

728

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 11. — Add to habitats of Erysiphe communis —

Lwpinus argenteits, Pmonia, Draba hirta, Vicia Americana,
Astragalus adsurgens, and A. hypoglottis.

Page 31. — Add to synonyms of Dimerosporium Collinsii —

Plowrightia phyllogena, Hark. Fungi of Pac. Coast, p. 106.

Page 35. — After Dimerosporium anomalum, insert—

D. balsamicolum, (Pk.)

Meliola bahamicola, Pk. 34th Rep. p. 52, plate i, figs. 22-27.

Peritliecia few, gregarious, minute, ovate or subconical, free,
black, seated on a small, blackish-brown, spot-like subiculum. Asci
generally oblong, rarely subcylindrical and elongated. Sporidia
mostly crowded or biseriate, rarely uniseriate, uniseptate, colorless,
9-11 jut long, generally 2-3-nucleate, and one cell a little narrower
than the other.

On living or languishing leaves of balsam fir, Catskill Mts., N. Y.
(Peck). Associated with Peziza bahamicola, Pk.

Page 68. — After Acrospermum Ravenelii, insert —

A. album, Pk. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. No. 2 (1887), p. 24.

* Peritliecia elongated, subfusiform, somewhat compressed, pointed
at the apex, narrowed below into a short, terete, stem-like base, white.
Sporidia very long, filiform.

On dead stems of Aralia racemosa, Catskill Mts., N. Y. (Peck).
Resembles A. compressum in size, but persistently white.

Page 83. — Add to Hypocrea melaleuca the habitat —

On a decaying oak limb, Newfield, N. J.

Page 86. — After Hypocrea consimilis, add the habitat —

On Eucalyptus, California (Harkness).

Page 122. — After Melanospora chrysomalla, insert —

CLEIST0S0MA, Hark.

Eull. Cal. Acad. Feb. 1884, p. 41.

Perithecia orbicular, membranaceous. Asci borne on branching

729

threads, globose, evanescent. Sporidia hemispherical, echinulate.

This genus (sec. Sacc. Syll. IX, p. 943) is probably not distinct
from Inzengma, Borzi.

CI. purpiireum, Hark. 1. c.

Perithecia purple-black, very delicate, soon dehiscent, developed
within the heaps of Thecosp'ora bifida (its conidial stage), which it
stains purple. Asci globular, hyaline, 8-spored, 9-12 ju diam. Spo-
ridia hemispherical, purple, long-echinulate around the margin, 3-4 //.

On rotting leaves of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, Cal. (Harkness).

Page 186. — After Melanomma sporadicum, insert —

M. Verruearia, (Fr.)

Sphceria Verrucaria, Fr. S. M. II, p. 496.
Melanomma Verrucaria, Sacc. Syll. 3255.

Minute, scattered or emerging in dense groups from the epider-
mis or cracks in the bark, or on the truncate ends of limbs. Peri-
thecia without any manifest stroma, sphseroid, obtuse, astomous, or
marked at the apex with a minute, impressed point, dark brown,
rugulose and subpulverulent, rather thick-walled, carbonaceous, fragile,
opake. Asci terete, elongated, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong, 4-celled,
somewhat constricted at the septa, pale fuliginous, diaphanous, 15 ft
long or a little less. On bark of Betula, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Page 189.— After Zignoella subvestita, insert —

Z. pallida, (Ell.)

Lophiostoma pallidum, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, X, p. 52.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, often two or three standing-
close together, but not confluent, erumpent-superficial, subglobose,
black, rough, about \ mm. diam., collapsing above. Ostiolum papilli-
form, minute. Asci subcylindrical, sessile, 75-80x12-15 fi, with
rather scanty, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong.
yellowish-hyaline, about 7-septate, slightly curved, obtuse, 18-22 x
5-7 ii.

On weather-beaten wood of " Service bush," Utah (S. J. Harkness).

On account of the minute, papilliform ostiolum, this can hardly
be a Lophiostoma.

Page 234. — After Lophiostoma prsemorsum, insert —

L. niicula, (Fr.)

Sphteria nucula, Fr. S. M. II, p. 466.
Lophiotrema nucula, Sacc. Mich. I, p. 338.
Lophiostoma nucula, Ces. & De Not. Schema, p. 46.

92

730

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, innate-superficial, ovoid,
smooth, at first with a short, cylindrical or compressed ostiolum, black,
300-500 /i diam. Asci cylindric-clavate, 90-125 x 10-12 ju, 8-spored.
Sporidia biseriate, elongated or oblong, 3-septate, constricted in the
middle, greenish-hyaline, 20-26x5-8 fi (sometimes 35 p. long).

On branches, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

The ostiolum is finally deciduous; the perithecium is then rather
broadly perforated.

Page 239. — After Cuccurbitaria Fraxini, add —

Var. effusa, on decorticated ash limbs, London, Canada (Dear-
ness), has the perithecia densely gregarious and effused in patches
more or less crowded for .1 cm. or more in extent. Asci and sporidia
as in the typical form.

Page 243. — After Cucurbitaria Labiirni, insert —

C. Ravenelii, Ck. & Massee, Grew XVI, p. 25.

Perithecia subcutaneous, erumpent, cespitose, black, subglobose,
papillate, seated on a pulvinate stroma. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored.
Sporidia lanceolate, 3-5-septote, cells divided by longitudinal septa,
olivaceous, 50x15-18 p..

On Ailanthus glandulosa, Aiken, South Carolina (Ravenel).

Evidently different from C. Ailanthi, Rabh. Sacc. Syll. 3958. ,

Page 276. — After Sphaerella Gaultheriae, insert —

S. stemmatea, (Fr.)

Sphczria stemmatea, Fr. S. M. IT, p. 528.
Depazea stemmatea, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 422.
Septoria stemmatea, Sacc. Syll. Ill, p. 493.
{Sphcerella brachytheca, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 88)?

The spec, in Herb. Schw. labeled Sphceria stemmatea, Fr., "from
Bartrams," is apparently a Phyllosticta or a Septoria, but without
fruit; it is, however, different from a spec, of S. stemmatea, Fr., in the
same collection from Fries, in having larger perithecia. The Friesian
spec, shows the asci very distinctly, but the sporidia are immature and
not well defined. The general appearance of this spec, is exactly that
of Sphcerella Gaultherice, C. & E. Grev. VII, p. 42. Probably S.
Gaultherice and S. brachytheca are both synonyms of S. stemmatea,
Fr., but this can not be definitely stated without further observations.

Page 280. — After Sphaerella Pinsapo, insert —

S. Andersoni, E. & E.

Sphcerella conigena, K. & F. Froc. Acad. Nat. ScL Phil. July, 1890, p. 230.

731

Perithecia gregarious on the back of the exposed tip of the scale,
minute (74 /i), buried, except the black, smooth, conic-papilliform apex.
Asci narrow clavate-cylindrical, gradually attenuated below, 75-80 x
5 /jl, paraphyses none. Sporidia uniseriate, ovate, uniseptate and con-
stricted at the septum, hyaline, 6-7 x 3-3 J //.

On scales of dead cones of Abies Douglasii, Belt Mts., Montana,
Sept., 1889 (F. W. Anderson, 612).

This is near S. Pinsapo, Thiim., but differs in its habitat, its
longer, narrower asci and smaller sporidia not constricted at the sep-
tum. S. conigena, Pk., has broader asci and crowded, longer (10-12 /j.)
sporidia. We have changed the specific name, Sphcerella conigena
having precedence.

Page 285. — Add to habitats of Sphaerella Stellarinearum —
Stellaria longipes, S. longifolia, S. crassifolia, Arenaria pun-
gens, Cerastium arvense and C. nutans, Montana (Anderson).
Page 292. — After Sphaerella Lactiicae, E. & K., insert —

S. meliena, (Fr.)

Sphceria melcena, Fr. S. M. II, p. 431.

Sphcerella melcena, Sacc. Syll. 1986, Cke. Syn. 5569.

Perithecia black, densely crowded, and connate, pierced above,
66-80 jut diam. Asci obovate, sessile, 8-spored, 27x14 jul. Sporidia
2-3-seriate, crowded, obovate-oblong, rounded at the ends, uniseptate
below the middle, not constricted, pale yellow or subhyaline.

Common on herbaceous stems, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Page 292. — After Sphaerella sabaligena, insert —
S. allicina, (Fr.)

Sphceria allicina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 437.

Sphcerella allicina, Awd. Mycol. Eur. Pyren. p. 19, fig. 69.

Perithecia amphigenous, covered by the gray epidermis, densely
gregarious, sometimes confluent, globose, perforated, black, 80 /j. diam.
Asci slightly narrowed above from a broad base, sessile, 8-spored,
55-58 x 14 /t. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, rounded at the ends, nearly
straight, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline, 16x4-5 ft.

On leaves of Allium schamoprasum, Nazareth, Pa. (Sclnv.).

Page 302. — After Lizonia Sphagni, insert —

L. Thalictri, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 556.

Perithecia ovoid, coriaceo-membranaceous, with a conoid papilla,
collapsing when dry. Asci thick-clavate, very thick-walled at the

732

apex, 110x45 //, with a very short pedicel, 8-spored. Sporidia 2-3-
seriate, elongated-fusoid, uniseptate, 4-guttulate, 45-50 x 10-13 p, with
a hyaline, gelatinous envelope.

On dry stems of Thalictrum alpinum, Umanak-Fiord, Green-
land.

Page 305. — Add to habitats of Physalospora megastonia —

Astragalus adsurgens and A. hypoglottis, Montana (Anderson).

Page 317. — After Didymella Raiiii, insert —

D. Smilacis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, globose, about J mm. diam., closely cov-
ered by the cuticle which is blackened over them and raised into little
pustules barely pierced by the papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, 35-40 x 5-6 /i, paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate above,
uniseriate below, ovate-oblong, hyaline, uniseptate and slightly con-
stricted at the septum, 8-10 x3 jut.

On dead stems of Smilax, Newfield, N. J.

Differs from Didymosphmria polysticta, (B. & C), in its hyaline
sporidia, and from Physalospora disrupta, (B. & C), in its uniseptate
sporidia and different asci. The habit is exactly that of Anthosto-
mella sepelibilis, (B. & C). Sphcerella smilacina, E. & E., grows on
stems not as much decayed, and has smaller perithecia and asci with-
out paraphyses.

Page 334. — After Didymosphaeria adelphica, insert the three fol-
lowing new species —

D. Manitobiensis, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Spots orbicular, brown, 2-3 mm. diam., surrounded by a light-
colored border, fainter and purplish. below. Perithecia clustered in
the center of the spots, mostly 3-8 together, erumpent-superficial, sub-
hemispherical, black, rough, 150-200 p. diam., the apex and papilliform
ostiolum smoother and shining. Asci clavate-cylindrical, subsessile,
8-spored, paraphysate, 65-75 x 8-10 p. Sporidia subbiseriate, obovate-
oblong, uniseptate, the septum nearer the narrower end, 12-15 x 4-5 /i,
brown.

On raspberry leaves {Rubus\ banks of the little Saskatchawan
river, Manitoba, Oct. 3, 1891 (Dearness).

D. Arundinarise, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia gregarious, depressed-globose or subhemispherical.

733

about ^ mm. diam., white inside, eovered by the epidermis which is
blackened directly over them and raised into little pustules which are
perforated at the apex by the papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate. p. sp.
50-70x12-15 //, short-stipitate, 8-spored, with abundant paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, fusoid -oblong, ends slightly curved while lying in
the asci, 4-nucleate, becoming obtuse and uniseptate near the middle,
yellowish- brown, 16-25x5-6 ju.

On dead canes of Arundinaria, Louisiana (L'anglois, 2338).

Comes near Metasphceria sabalensis, (Cke.), but sporidia smaller
and constantly only 1 -septate. D. eumorpha, (B. & C), has the peri-
thecia seriate ("linear").

D. euryasca, Ell. & Galw. Journ. Mycol. V, p. 67.

Perithecia scattered, suberumpent, minute (80-100 //), perforated
above. Asci inequilate rally ovate, sessile, 35-40x12-15 //, par-
aphysate? Sporidia 2-3-seriate, ovate-oblong, uniseptate, constricted
at the septum, rounded at the ends, brown, 12-15 x3J-5 jjl. The
perithecia remain partly covered by the epidermis.

On dead leaves of Pinus Murrayana, Mt. Helena, Montana
(Anderson).

Page 337. — Pleospora laxa, Ell. & Galw., is on Carex straminea
and C. stipata, and not on grasses.

Page 350. — After Pyrenophora chrysospora, insert —

Pyr. pellita, (Fr.)

Splicer ia pellita, Fr. S. M. p. 503.
Pleospora pellita, Rab. Herb. Mycol. Ed. IT, 749.
Pyrenophora pellita, Sacc. Syll. 3846.
Kxsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2315.— Rab. F. E. 1447.

Perithecia gregarious, rounded-conical, black, clothed with slen-
der, dark brown hairs, or bare above, 300 /* diam., with a fringe of
hyphas around the base. Asci long-clavate, gradually narrowed into
the stipe, 8-spored, 100-120 x 10-12 ju. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate,
oblong, attenuated at each end so as to become broad-fusoid, 3-septate,
constricted at the middle septum, 17-21 x9 /*, the two middle cells,
or sometimes only one of them, divided by a longitudinal septum.
Brachydadium penicillatum, Cda., is the conidial stage.

On thistle stems, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Pyr. trichostoma, (Fr.)

Sphceria trichostoma, Fr. S. M. II, p. 504.
Pyrenophora trichostoma, Fckl. Symb. p. 215.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 904.— Rab. Herb. Mycol. 535.— Rab. F. E. 1868.— Rehm Asc. 180, 592.
Kze. F. Sel. 268.— Sydow, M.. March. 98.— Plowr. Sph. Brit. 287.

734

Perithecia scattered or loosely gregarious, at first sunk in the
matrix, at length emergent and even superficial, globose with a flat
base, clothed with stiff, black bristles standing out on all sides, but
especially around the conical ostiolum, black and tolerably large.
Asci oblong-clavate, substipitate, 8-spored, 200-230 x 44-52 fi. Spo-
ridia subbiseriate, oblong, attenuated at the ends and rounded, 3-sep-
tate, the second cell often a little broader, one or both the middle cells
generally divided by a longitudinal septum, yellow, slightly con-
stricted at the septa, 44-50 x 17-20 p.

On rye straw, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Pyr. Penicillus, (Schmidt).

Sphceria Penicillus, Schmidt, in Fr. S. M. II, p. 508.
Pleospora Penicillus, Fckl. Symb. Nachtr. II, p. -23.
Pyrenophora Penicillus, Sacc. Syll. 3852.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 2522.

Perithecia scattered or subgregarious, depressed-globose, covered
by the epidermis, surrounded at base by brown, undulate, creeping
hyphae, clothed above with stiff, black bristles which, on the ostiolum,
are collected in an acute or spreading, brush-like tuft, membranaceous,
dark brown, about 200 [i diam. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate,
8-spored, 60-80x12-14 p.. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, oblong,
ends rounded, constricted in the middle, 5-septate, with one (mostly
partial) longitudinal septum, deep yellow-brown, 15-17x8 fx.

On dead stems of Humulus, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The diagnosis of this and the two preceding species are from
Winter's Pilze.

Page 354.—

Leptosphaeria taxicola, Pk.

In Pk. 39th Rep. p. 58, the sporidia are said to be hyaline, 20-
22 x 4-5 p7 and the species is referred to Meta sphceria.

Page 355. — To habitat of Leptosphaeria Thalictri, add-
On Thalictrum polygamum, London, Canada (Dearness).
Page 361. — After Leptosphseria Utahensis, insert —
L. nigrella, (Rabh.)

Cucurbitaria nigrella, Rabh. Hedw. 1873, p. 140, and 1887, p. 59.

Perithecia innate-superficial, subglobose, constantly seated on
broad, black spots. Asci numerous, 80 u. long, sublinear-clavate from
a narrow base, 6-8-spored. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, honey-

735

yellow, obovate-oblong, constantly 3-septate, constricted at the septa,
the second cell thicker, 20 x 5 fi.

On dead herbaceous stems, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Page 405.— After Massaria Gerardi, insert the two following —

M. fcedans, (Fr.)

Sphceria fcedans, Fr. S. M. II, p. 480.
' Sphceria amblyospora, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. No. 627, tab. 10, fig. 10.
Massaria fcedans, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 396.
Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 41, 257.— Rehm Asc. 437.— Thum. M. U. 2061.— Sydow, M. March. 350.

"Scattered, scarcely visible externally. Asci large, clavate.
Paraphyses flexuous. Sporidia large, at first hyaline, consisting of
two subcorneal articulations placed base to base; one of these gradu-
ally increases in diameter and becomes very obtuse; a septum is then
formed at the base of the smaller articulation, and sometimes, though
rarely, there is a septum in the other cell. In every stage except in
extreme age, they have a gelatinous coat. Distinguished from M. in-
quinans by the peculiar form of the sporidia, and especially in their
mode of formation." (Sporidia 48-54 x 19-23 ft, Winter).

On dead branches, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Diagnosis from Cke. Hndbk.

M. piipula, (Fr.)

Spkariapupula, Fr. S. M. II, p. 484.
Massaria pupula, Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 225.
Exsicc. Kze. F. Sel. 93.— Rab. F. E. 543, 1928— Rehm Asc. 187.— Sydow, M. March. 2162.

Scattered. Perithecia covered, depressed, concentrically striate,
black, mouth denuded, whitish, with a yellow papilla. Asci oblong.
8-spored, 180x96 ju, with branching paraphyses. Sporidia subbi-
seriate, oblong-clavate, 3-septate, brown, with a didymous, hyaline
coat, 54-58 x 1 6-1 8 ju>. Conidial stage, Steganosporium pyriforme, Cda.

Under the epidermis of Platanus, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Page 406. — After Massaria scoriadea, insert —
ENCHNOA, Fr.

Summa Veg. Scand. p. 410.

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, covered by the bark, thin,
fragile, seated on or enveloped in a dense, brown tomentum, connate
with the epidermis which is pierced by the punctiform vertex. Asci
cylindric-clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia cylindrical, guttulate, hyaline or
olivaceous, Ramicolous.

736

E. infernalis, (Kunze).

Sphceria infernalis, Kze. in Fr. S. M. II, p. 371.
Sphceria Glis, B. & Br. Not. Brit. Fungi, No. 884.
Enchnoa infernalis, Sacc. M. Ven. Spec. p. 210.

Covered, subemergent, the effused, dark brown, floccose-strigose
stroma enveloping the globose, thin, collapsing perithecia with obsolete
ostiola. Asci elavate, paraphysate, long-stipitate, 8-spored, 100-120 x
12-16 p. (p. sp. 60 ft long). Sporidia biseriate or conglomerate, cylin-
drical, curved, subacute at the ends, continuous, guttulate, pale oliva-
ceous, 20-24 x 5 p.

On (oak branches)? Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

We have seen no specimens, and insert this on the authority of
Schweinitz.

E. lanata, (Fr.)

Sphceria lanata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 482.

Enchnoa lanata, Sacc. Syll. 374, Cke. Syn. 4064.

Perithecia covered, free, globose, woolly, rusty-brown, with erum-
pent, black ostiola. Asci ample, broad-elliptical, 8-spored. Sporidia
cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, curved, hyaline, with a central nucleus
resembling a septum, 9x3//.

On Betula nigra, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

E. floccosa, (Fr.)

Sphceria floccosa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 375. ,

Enchnoa floccosa, Karst. Symb. Mycol. Fenn. IV, p. 187.

Perithecia scattered or crowded, sometimes seriately aggregated,
at first covered by the epidermis, then denuded, sphaeroid, collapsing
below, covered with a brown or umber-colored tomentum fine as a
spider's web, 200-300 /j. diam. Asci aparaphysate, elavate, 30-36 x
8-9 ft. Sporidia tristichous, oblong or cylindrical, 2-nucleate, curved,
greenish-hyaline, 10-12 x 2-2 J /i.

On dead stems of Sambucus, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Page 411. — After Gypeosphaeria Hendersonia, insert —
C. Notarisii, Fckl. Symb. p. 117.

Sphceria clypeata, Nees. Syst. fig. 355.
Clypeosphceria Notarisii, Sacc. Syll. 3189.

Perithecia depressed so as to appear like convex, flattened disks
but slightly prominent, covered by the adnate, blackened epidermis,
with the ostiolum emergent, conic-truncate. Asci stipitate, narrow-
cylindrical, 8-spored, 152 x8ju. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, lanceo-

737

late-oblong, obtuse at the ends, finally distinctly triseptate, brown,
22-24x4-5//.

Common on Rosa and Rubus stems, Carolina and Pennsylvania

(Schw.).

Page 413. — After Hypospila piistula, insert —
H. bifrons, (DC.)

Xyloma bifrons, DC. Flor. France, VI, p. 156.

Sphceria bifrons, Kze. and Schm. Deutschl. Schwamnie, No. 204.

Hypospila bifrons, Sacc. Syll. 3535.

Perithecia amphigenous, innate, arranged in circular groups, flat-
tened, black, at length circumscissile, convex-prominent, finally um-
bilicate. Asci cylindric-clava*te, 50-55 x 10-11 /jl. Sporidia biseriate,
oblong, inequilateral, 10-12x4 /jl, guttulate, subobtuse, slightly curved,
hyaline, with a single septum near the lower end, 10-12 x 3^-4 /x.

On oak leaves, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Page 426. — After Diaporthe subcongrua, add —

More perfectly developed specc. on dead limbs of Acer sacchari-
num, London, Canada (Dearness), have the sporidia broader (5-7 /jl).

Page 429. — To synonyms of Diaporthe leiphsemia, add —

Sphceria Micheliana, Fr. S. M. II, p. 414 (sec. Cke. Grev. XV,
p. 80).

Page 434. — After Diaporthe tuberculosa, insert —

D. staphylina, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stroma formed from the slightly altered substance of the bark,
light-colored inside, orbicular, elliptical or elongated, 2-4 mm. in the
longer diameter, flattish-pulvinate, with a very narrow, faint, circum-
scribing line which does not penetrate the wood, covered above
by the epidermis, which is not ruptured, but simply perforated by the
scattered ostiola and only slightly elevated. Perithecia buried in the
stroma, 3-10, globose, about \ mm. diam., their papilliform, finally
umbilicate ostiola erumpent, sometimes singly, but mostly joined in a
small, black, irregular-shaped disk which barely pierces the epidermis
without rising above it. Asci clavate, stipitate, p. sp. 50-55 x 7-8 /jl,
paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia subbiseriate, oblong-elliptical, slightly
curved, scarcely constricted, 3-4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate, hyaline,
12-15x4-5 fi.

On dead limbs of Staphylea trifolia, London, Canada (Dearness).
93

738

Closely allied to D. tuberculosa, but has the sporidia rather
narrower, and the circumscribing line very faint and not penetrating
the wood as in that species.

Page 438. — After Diaporthe Cratsegi, insert —

D. acervata, (E. & E.)

Diatrype acervata, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 75.
Exsicc. EH. & Evrht.N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2124.

Stromata small (J mm.), tobacco brown, becoming black, soft,
either single or oftener in compact groups, erumpent in the center of
elliptical (J-4 cm. long), dirty-white, dead spots with a definite, dark
red-brown border. Perithecia subcircinately arranged, 5-10 in a
stroma, white inside, 75-100 it diam., subglobose, with a short, sub-
cylindrical ostiolum which is hardly discernible on the surface of the
stroma. Asci oblong, 35-40 x 7-8 /i, without any distinct paraphyses.
Sporidia biseriate, oblong-cylindrical, slightly curved, hyaline, obtuse,
slightly constricted in the middle and uniseptate, 12-18x3 tt, exactly
resembling the sporidia of a Sphcerella. The clusters of stromata
resemble the sori of a Puccinia.

On dead spots in living leaves of Yucca filamentosa, New-
field, N. J.

D. furfuracea, (Fr.)

Sphceria furfuracea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 409.

Irregularly circinate. Perithecia globose, surrounded by a bran-
like substance. Ostiola very short, joined together, obsoletely promi-
nent. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia (sec. Cke.) uniseptate, narrow-
elliptical, hyaline, 25-30 x 11 ft.

On branches of Tilia, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Page 458. — After Diaporthe Murrayi, insert —
D. claviceps, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia buried in the wood, globose, |-1 mm. diam., scattered
or subseriately arranged, the separate groups surrounded by a black
line penetrating the wood. Ostiola erumpent, cylindrical, rough,
brittle, black, subflexuous, mostly tuberculose-enlarged at the base and
somewhat swollen at the tips, J-l mm. long. Asci elavate, 35-45 x
4|-5 it. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, hyaline, uniseptate, constricted at
the septum, 4-nucleate, 1 1-13 x 3|-4 it.

On decorticated, partly decayed wood of Ostrya Virginica, Lon-
don, Canada (Dearness).

739

The stromata are irregular in outline, mostly elongated and
variously confluent, and the wood inside the circumscribing line is
whiter than the surrounding parts.

Page 460. — After Diaporthe racemula, (C. & P.), insert —

D. umbellatariim, (Schw.)

Sphceria umbellatarum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1467.

Covered; spots effused far and wide, forming figures of various
shapes, reminding one of a geographical map, surface of the spots
crustose, black, but not shining. Perithecia scattered, deeply buried
under the crust, depressed-globose. Ostiola emergent, short cylin-
drical, rugose. Asci 35-40 x 5-6 /i. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uni-
septate, slightly constricted, 10-12 x3//.

On dead stems of Umbelliferce. Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Measurements of asci and sporidia from spec, in Herb. Schw.

Page 469. — After Valsa sequilinearis, insert —

V. haustellata, Fr. in Cooke's Valsei of the U. S. p. 115.

Sphceria haustellata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 383, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1320.
Exsicc. Rav. F. Car. Ill, 53.

Pustules with their base deeply sunk in the bark and loosely cir-
cumscribed by a narrow, black line penetrating to the wood. Peri-
thecia deeply buried, their long necks converging and joined in a
narrow, convex, prominent disk. Ostiola short, distinct, smooth, some-
times dilated at the apex. Asci 8-spored. Sporidia allantoid, strongly
curved, slightly umber-colored, 6-8 x 2 p..

On Alnus serrulata and Ostrya Virginica, Carolina (Curtis &
Ravenel), New York (Peck), on oak limbs, Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Page 470. — Valsa Linderse, Pk. should be transferred to subgenus
Leucostoma.

Page 502. — After Eiitypa elevans, insert —

Eu. crustata, (Fr.)

Sphceria crustata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 376.
Massaria crustata, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 596.
Valsa crustata, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 135.
Eutypa crustata, Sacc. F. Ven. Ser. IV, p. 16.

Stromata widely effused, often surrounding the branches, sunk in
the bark and forming with it a crust which becomes blackened on the
surface and very rough or even spiculose from the strongly projecting

740

ostiola. Perithecia sunk in the bark, monostichous, tolerably large,
numerous, often crowded or, especially around the margin of the
stroma, scattered and standing singly, more or less prominent, with
large, obtusely conical or depressed-hemispherical, entire, # or 3-4-
radiate-cleft ostiola. Asci narrow-clavate, long-stipitate, 8-spored,
p. sp. 32 x 4-5 jut. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, straight, brownish,
6-12x2//.

On branches, Carolina (Schw.).

Page 507. — After Eiitypa sepulta, insert —

Eu. scabrosa, (Bull.)

Hypoxylon scabrosum, Bull. Champ, p. 179, tab. 468, fig. 5.
Sphczria scabrosa, DC. Flore France, II, p. 288.
Diatrype scabrosa, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 385.
Valsa scabrosa, Nits. Pyr. Germ. p. 131.
Eutypa scabrosa, Fckl. Symb. p. 171.
Fxsicc. Fekl. F. Rh. 1039, 1045.— Kze. F. Sel. 151.— Rab. F. E. 1139.

Stromata forming suborbicular tubercles, oval or convex, separate
or confluent, rarely widely effused, rimose or undulate, seated on the
wood or on the surface of the bark under the epidermis, and then soon
erumpent, black throughout, roughened by the numerous ostiola.
Perithecia lying in the stroma in irregular order, densely crowded,
globose, small, with necks of variable length furnished with hemi-
spherical or subconical, entire, very minute ostiola. Asci cylindric-
clavate, long-pedicellate, 8-spored, p. sp. 40-50x4-5 p.. Sporidia
subbiseriate, cylindrical, slightly curved, pale brown, 6-12 (mostly
8-10) xl 1-2 /i.

On wood, around Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Page 513. — After Calosphaeria expers, insert —
C. vibratilis, (Fr.)

Sphceria vibratilis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 482. Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 97.
CalosphcEria vibratilis, Sacc. Syll. 411.

Perithecia solitary, scattered, sphaeroid or ovoid, mostly collapsing
when dry, smooth or at first sparingly pilose, black, shining, 300-
800 /jt diam., with very short necks and rounded ostiola very minute
and scarcely rising above the epidermis. Asci clavate, 24 x 4 ju (p. sp.),
with long paraphyses. Sporidia subbiseriate, fusoid-elongated, slightly
curved, hyaline, 4-6 x 1 p..

Under the bark of Primus Virginiana, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

741

Page 553. — After Melogramma Bulliardi, insert —
M. spiniferum, (Wallr.)

Sphceria spinifera, Wallr. Crypt. Flora, No. 4073.
{SphcEriapodoid.es, Pers. Syn. p. 22)?
Diatrype podoides, Fr. Summa Veg. Sc. p. 385.
Melogramma asperum, Ces. & De Not, Schema, p. 30.
Melogramma spiniferum, De Not, Sfer. Ital. p. 53.
Exsicc. Fckl. F. Rh. 1000.— Kze. F. Sel. 153.— Thura. M. U. i860.

Stromata densely gregarious or subconfiuent, erunipent-superficial.
swollen-pulvinate, black. Perithecia immersed, subglobose, with their
cylindrical, rough, subtortuous ostiola more or less projecting. Asci
cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 160 x 16 /i. Sporidia biseriate, cylindric-
fusoid, slightly curved, 55-70 x 7-8 /ti, 6-septate, cells fuliginous,
guttulate, the terminal ones shorter and subhyaline.

On beech bark, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

Page 563. — After Valsaria Phoradendri, insert —
V. cornicola, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Perithecia globose, minute (\ mm,), 4—8 loosely grouped in a cor-
tical stroma or gregarious without any distinct stroma, slightly raising
the epidermis, and when this falls away, slightly blackening the bark
above and around them, but without any circumscribing line. Ostiola
papilliform, minute. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 65-75 x 7-8 p,
paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, uniseptate and
constricted, brown, 9-12x4|-5J pt.

On dead limbs of Comics, London, Canada (Dearness).

Page 564. — After Valsaria Beaumontii, insert—
V. anserina, (Pers.)

Sphceria anserina, Pers. Icon. p. 5, tab. I, figs. 8-10; Cke. Hndbk. No. 2637.
Valsaria anserina, Sacc. Syll. 2842.

Stroma effused, blackening the surface of the wood or bark in
which it is immersed. Perithecia gregarious but separate, sphaeroid,
scarcely J mm. diam., deeply or entirely immersed, black, with their
ostiola rising to the surface and raising it into pustules. Asci cylin-
drical, short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, ovoid or sub-
oblong, didymous, slightly constricted at the septum, 16-20x6-7 /Jt,
sometimes one cell a little narrower than the other.

Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.). No habitat given.

Page 570. — Add to synonyms of Diatrype albopruinosa —
Sphceria euphorea, Fr. S. M. II, p. 354 (sec. specc.in Herb. Schw.).

742

Page 582. — After Anthostonia tuberculosum, insert —
A. hiascens, (Fr.)

Sphceria hiascens, Fr. S. M. II, p. 477.
Anthostonia hiascens, Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. p. 113.

Stroma effused, immersed in the wood, which at length whitens
out on the surface. Perithecia immersed, depressed-globose, monos-
ticlious, scattered or crowded, with very short necks. Ostiola large,
mostly deeply 4-sulcate, sometimes almost cup-shaped. Sporidia
obtusely fusoid, dull black, straight, inequilateral, 32-36x8 ju.

On (beech)? wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

Page 609. — Insert after the genus Dothidella —

SCIRRHIA, Mtschke.

in Fckl. Symb. Mycol. p. 220.

Stromata linear, often crowded or subconfluent, forming elongated
swellings erumpent through parallel cracks in the epidermis. Cells
immersed, polystichous. Asci elongated, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong,
uniseptate, hyaline. The conidial stage is Hadotrichum.

S. ostiolata, Ell. & Galw. (in Herb.)

Stromata narrow-elliptical, raising the epidermis into elongated
swellings 3-6 x 1-1 \ mm. Cells numerous, white inside, the conic-
tuberculiform ostiola seriate-erumpent, through parallel, longitudinal
cracks in the overlying epidermis. Asci clavate, paraphysate, 55-65 x
6-7 fx. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid-oblong, uniseptate and constricted
at the septum, 12-15 x 3-4 fi, yellowish-hyaline, cells guttulate.

On dead culms of Gyperus artimdatus, College Station, Texas
(Jennings).

Has the habit- and general appearance of jS. rimosa, (A. & S.),
but differs in its smaller asci and sporidia and its larger, tuberculiform
ostiola.

Page 636.— After Hypoxylon turbinulatum, insert —

H. atrorufum, E. & E. (in Herb.)

Stromata oblong or suborbicular, erumpent-superficial, 2-3 mm.
diam., or subseriately confluent for J-l cm., pulvinate, rounded above,
reddish-brown and mamillose from the prominent apices of the peri-
thecia, contracted at the base and black. Perithecia peripherical,
ovate, small, (J mm.). Stroma brownish-black inside. Ostiola acutely

743

papilliform and perforated, black. Asci cylindrical, 100x5 p (p. sp.
55-60x5//), paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, subinequi-
laterally elliptical, brown, 6-7 x 3 p.

On bark of dead (oak)? limbs, Michigan (Hicks).

Has the general appearance of II cohcerens and H. turbinu-
latum,, but the perithecia and sporidia are smaller than in either of
these species. The stromata are so much contracted below as to
appear only centrally attached.

Page 657. — After Hypoxylon sphsBriostonmni, insert —

H. griseum, (Schw.)

Sphceria grisea, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1252.

Oblong, effused, subconcave, innate-immersed in the wood, acu-
minate at each end, surrounded by a deeply penetrating, black line,
tolerably thick in the middle, and whitish-gray, thinner towards the
margin. Perithecia numerous, flattened, very small, immersed in the
stroma. Ostiola subumbonate, obtuse, gray, prominent. The surface
of the stroma cracks into frustules.

On decorticated wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.); rather rare. The
stroma is often an inch in diameter. The spec, in Herb. Schw. is
without fruit.

Page 673. — After Xylaria pedunculata, insert —
X. bulbosa, (Pers.)

Sphceria bulbosa, Pers. Obs. Mycol. II, p. 63, tab. 1, fig. 1.

Xylaria bulbosa, E. & Br. in Berk. Outl. of Brit. Fungol. p. 385, tab. 24.

Stroma erect, thick, simple or forked above, round or rarely a
little dilated and compressed towards the summit, glabrous, becoming
black, base tuberous. Fertile head sterile at the apex, sometimes
3-parted, mammillose from the somewhat prominent, densely crowded
perithecia. Asci cylindrical, pedicellate, 8-spored, pseudoparaphysate.
80-84 x 6-7 p (p. sp.). Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, fusiform, obtuse,
inequilateral, brown, 12 x4 ju.

On the ground, Carolina and Pennsylvania (Schw.).

The following notes are from specimens in the Schweinitzian
Herbarium at Philadelphia:

1203.* Sphceria afflata, Schw. — The spec, in Herb. Schw. is a
mere sterile crust.

1255. Sphceria enter oxantha, Schw. — Looks like Hypoxylon
Sassafras, but immature or sterile — no fruit.

*The numbers refer to Schw. Syn. of N. Am. Fungi.

744

1273. Sphceria subconfluens, Schw.— This is a Haplosporella.
Stromata pulvinate-tuberculiform, subseriate, closely embraced by the
ruptured epidermis or, when on decorticated limbs, by the fibers of
the wood. Sporules oblong, continuous, brown, 15-20 x 5-6 ft.

1274. Sphceria obscura, Schw. — This is the spermogonial stage
of some Valsa or Diatrype. Spermatia oblong, hyaline, minute,
3-4 x 1 p.

1309. Sphceria sacculus, Schw. — Spermogonia. Spermatia
allantoid, hyaline, curved, 4-5 x 1 p..

1422. Sphceria junipericol a, Schw. — Sec. specc. in Herb. Schw.
and Cke. Grew XV, p. 80, this is a Sphceropsis.

1424. Nectria dematiosa, Schw. — The spec, shows only the
conidial stage (Tubercularia). Conidia oblong, 5-6 xl| p, borne
terminally and laterally on the long, slender, semicircularly curved
sporophores. (See page 96).

1425. Sphceria Sumachi, Schw. — Haplosporella Sumachi,
(C. & E.), Sphceropsis Sumachi, C. & E. Grew V, p. 31.— Sporules
oblong, brown, uninucleate, 12-15 x 5-6 p — Botryosphceria Sumachi,
sec. Cke. Grew XV, p. 80. .

1426. Sphceria pubens, Schw. — This is Camarosporium Ro-
binice, (West). Sporules oblong-elliptical, 4-5-septate and muriform,
brown, 15-20x6-7 p.

1428. Sphceria Hyperici, Schw. — Allied to Botryosphceria
fuliginosa, (M. & N.), if not identical with it.

1430. Sphceria parasitans, Schw.— The spec, is too imperfect
to give one an accurate idea of this species.

1438. Sphceria fissa, Pers. — The specimen in Herb. Schw. is a
Phoma with sporules 3-4 x2J p.

1439. Sphceria mutila, Fr. — Haplosporella. Sporules 12-16 x
5-7 p, 1 -nucleate, brown, (See p. 546).

1442. Sphmria fuliginosa, Pers. — Haplosporella. Sporules
brown, 15-20 x 8-10 p. The general appearance is that of Botryo-
sphceria fuliginosa, of which it is doubtless the pycnidial stage.
(See p. 546).

1444. Sphceria Hibisci, Schw. — Dothiorella. Sporules hya-
line, 20-22 x 12 p. (See p. 547).

745

1446. Sphwria gallce, Schw. — Dothiorella. Sporules globose-
elliptical, 15-18 x 12-14 fi. Stroma black, orbicular, 1-lf mm., nearly
superficial. Sphcerella gallce, E. & E., is different, having simple,
scattered perithecia.

1451. Sphwria Zece, Schw, — The spec, in Herb. Schw. is the
same as Diplodia Zece, Lev. in P]U. N. A. F. 31. (See p. 453).

1452. Sphceria linearis, Nees.—Phabdospora. Sporules linear,
curved above, about 20 fi long.

1458. Sphceria chloromela, Fr. — Sterile.

1462. Sphceria Cimicifugce, Schw., and

1463. Sphceria euphorbiicola, Schw., are both apparently
young Sphcerellas, but no asci or sporidia can be made out.

1464. Sphceria iridicola, Schw. — Stem blackened by some my-
celium, with minute, sterile perithecia.

1465. Sphceria fumom, Schw. — Mere discoloration.

1466. Sphceria Peponis, Schw. — Minute, sterile perithecia.
Phoma? No sporules.

1470. Sphceria Silphii, Schw. — Phoma or young Sphcerella.
Cooke finds elliptical spores 12x2//.*

1472. Sphceria nervisequia, Schw. — Something like a Lepto-
stroma, but entirely sterile.

1473. Sphceria fuscata, Schw. — This is Leptosphceria doli-
olum, Pers.

1474. Sphceria epiphylla, Schw. — The specimen in Herb. Schw.
is Ravenelia glanduliformis, Berk. On leaves of Tephrosia.

1475. Sphceria Scirporum, Schw. — This is Hypocrella Hy~
poxylon, (Pk.). Sporidia filiform, septate. On leaves of Carex f

1477. Sphceria conferta, Schw. — Looks very much like Sphce-
rella maculiformis, but sterile. This is a different thing from the
Sphceria conferta, Schw. Syn. Car. 187, which is Amphispha>,ria.
(See p. 206).

1483. Sphceria punctum, Schw. — Apparently a sterile form of
Phyllachora graminis, with a minute, punctiform stroma. On drv
leaves of Panicum nitidum.

1484. Sphceria andropogicola, Schw. — The stromata are larger
94

746

and not as narrow as in S. Andropogi, and the specc. resemble Phyl-
lachora graminis more closely than S. Andropogi does. There are
also asci, but the sporidia are still immature. This is common around
Newfield, but so far, always sterile. It is no doubt a small form of
Phyllachora graminis, Pers.

1485. Sphceria Andropogi, Schw. — Small (1 x J mm.), elongated
strips of sterile crust with some Vermicularia or Golletotrichum f

1487. Sphceria canaliculata, Schw. — This (sec. Cooke, Grev.
XIII, p. 43) is Puccinia cellulosa, Berk.

1490. Sphceria Panici, Schw. — On withered leaves of species
of Panicum, and

1491. Sphceria Agrostidis, Schw. — On Agrostis Jiliformis, are
apparently referable to Phyllachora. Schweinitz himself remarks
that the latter may be only a Var. of P. graminis.

1492.* Sphceria Iridis, Schw. — Frequent (sec. Schw.) on leaves
of Iris, at Kaighn's Point, Philadelphia, Pa. Affords elliptical, hyaline
stylospores 10x5//, and is different from 1464, Sphceria iridicola,
Schw.

• 1568. Sphceria Lecythea, Schw. Syn. Car. 155, Fr. S. M. II,
p. 460. — This (sec. Cke. Grev. XVI, p. 98) is a Sphceropsis.

1820. Sphceria cesculicola, Fr., is entirely sterile.

1811. Sphceria Pyrolce, Fr. — Black, sterile spots on leaves of
Chimaphila umbellata. Sphcerella Pyrolce, Rostr. (p. 282) may not
be distinct from this.

1813. Sphceria frondicola, Fr., on a leaf of Sassafras, is en-
tirely sterile; small, subcuticular stromata (or perithecia)? on spots
\ cm. across.

1815. Sphceria carpinicola, Fr. — The spec, in Herb. Schw. is
a Gloeosporium.. Spores linear, 8-10 x 1J ju, curved. Acervuli flesh-
colored, minute, thickly scattered over the under side of the leaf, but
not on any spots.

1817. Sphazria Dianthi, A. & S., var. Saponarice, Kze. — The
spec, in Herb. Schw. is a Septoria, on round, white spots with a
reddish margin, epiphyllous, thickly scattered. Sporules cylindrical,
nearly straight, some of them becoming obscurely 3-septate. Septoria
Dianthi, Desm.?

*In the Schweinitzian Herbarium, at the Philadelphia Acad., the numbers i6oo-i8ooare
mostly missing.

747

1822. Sphceria Tidipiferm, Schw., on fallen leaves of Lirio-
dendron, is entirely sterile — only spots.

1823. Sphceria dryophila, Schw. — Sterile perithecia on large,
dirty-white spots. On oak leaves. Sphcerulina dryophila, Cke. &
Hark., is probably not distinct from this. (See p. 312).

1824. Sphceria catalpicola, Schw. — On the upper side of fallen
leaves of Catalpa. Perithecia on large brown spots. Sporules 6-7 x
3-4 p.. Phyllosticta catalpicola, (Schw.). (P. Catalpce, E. & M.,
Journ. Mycol. II, p. 14).

1825. Sphceria smilacicola, Schw. — On leaves of Smilax ro-
tundifolia. Sterile, dark-colored, subbullate spots, t|— 2 mm. diam.,
but no perithecia.

From an examination of authentic specc. in Herb. Berk. Cooke,
in Journal Bot., 1883, excludes the four following Schweinitzian
species from the Pyrenomycetes :

1784. Sphceria collapsa, Schw. — Probably an imperfect Po~
milium.

1786. Sphceria Mori-Albce, Schw, — Perithecia carbonaceous,
no fruit.

1803. Sphceria excipulans, Schw. — Specimen without fruit.

1769. Sphceria Fragarice, Schw., is also without fruit; nor did
the spec, show any cylindrical ostiola.

748

APPENDIX.

In the following Schweinitzian species the fructification is un-
known. The diagnoses are from Schweitz' Synopsis of North Ameri-
can Fungi.

Sphcerice Villosce.

1513. Sphceria penicillata, Schw. — Perithecia scattered, but
forming extensive groups and arranged in subflexuous series, super-
ficial, the base firmly fixed'to the epidermis, rarely fasciculate and sub-
confluent. Perithecia obovate-globose, flattened, densely villose, the
hairs towards the base shorter and dark green, from the middle up,
dense and longer, penicillate-divergent and very white, hiding the
minute, obtuse, black ostiola. Walls of the perithecia black and thin,
sometimes collapsed, resembling a white-villose Peziza.

On fallen twigs of Ribes aureum, Bethlehem, Pa.

1531. Sphceria intonsa, Schw. — Gregarious, black, erumpent,
subhemispherical, apex obtuse, ostiolum indistinct. Perithecia small,
clothed with short, rigid hairs like a recently shaven beard.

On decorticated pickets of Robinia, Bethlehem, Pa.

1532. Sphceria involuta, Schw. — Densely aggregated, loosely
attached. Perithecia smooth, subglobose, subpapillate, sometimes sub-
corrugated, dark brown, shining, entirely enveloped in a dense coat of
white wool which can be rubbed off; apex only slightly denuded.

On old, decaying trunks, Bethlehem, Pa. Reminds one of Myri-
ococcum, (M. Everhartii)?

1536. Sphceria ccespitulans, Schw. — Cespitulose-concrescent or
fasciculate in elongated-linear strips. Perithecia very small, ovate,
becoming irregular, acutely narrowed into the ostiolum, very black,
rugose, covered all over with minute, short, thick (almost tuberculi-
form) hairs, often irregularly collapsing, not cespitose, substance soft.
The smallest of the tribe.

On branches of Rubus Idceus, Bethlehem, Pa.

1537. Sphceria viridiatra, Schw. — Scattered or subcespitose.
Perithecia minute, globose or ovate, carbonaceous, rugose, obtuse,
scarcely ostiolate, bare below, densely covered above with a short,
yellowish-green villose coat. Parasitic on various old compound
Sphcerias, Bethlehem, Pa.

Reminds one of Calonectria chlorinella, Oke.

749

1539. Sphceria monstrosa, Schw. — Gregarious, seated on a
black, woody crust, rather large, sometimes very large and deformed,
swollen at the base, narrowed above into a thick, sulcate, pyramidal
ostiolum. Substance carbonaceous. Covered entirely, even the
ostiolum, with a dense coat of brown, subrigid hairs. Has some
resemblance to some forms of Eutypa spinosa; occasionally denuded.

On chestnut wood, Bethlehem, Pa.

Pertusm.

1587. Sphceria inclinata, Schw. — Scattered or aggregated,
erumpent through the fibers of the lower stratum of the bark where
the epidermis has fallen away, at first immersed, then exposed. Peri-
thecia ovate-globose, minute, obliquely inclined, with the ostiolum
comparatively large and finally deciduous; then the perithecia are
simply perforated, black and rugose.

On twigs of Viburnum, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

1589. Sphceria glandicola, Schw. — This (sec. Cke. Grev. XVI.
p. 91) is a Phoma with sporules 5x3//, basidia 20 x 3 ju.

1590. Sphceria pericarpii, Schw., and

1583. Sphceria Surculi, Fr., are also (sec. Cke. 1. c.) only species
of Phoma.

1591. Sphmria tingens, Schw. (not Lophidium tingens, Ell.) —
Scattered, conically beaked, at first immersed, then adnate with a
flattened base. Perithecia compressed-conical, scarcely rugose, ros-
trate, with a thick, deformed, subshining ostiolum. The bark is
blackened around the perithecia.

In cracks of the bark on young branches of Sassafras, Bethlehem,
Pa. (Schw.).

1595. Sphceria elliptica, Schw. — Rather large, elliptical, elon-
gated, scattered, only slightly elevated, flattened, base subimmersed.
black, at length perforated with a central pore, at first crowned with
a papilliform ostiolum which is finally deciduous.

On Viburnum, Mauch Chunk, Pa. (Schw.).

1596. Sphmria deformata, Schw. — Widely scattered, minute,
protruding and denuded, of an irregular-cylindrical shape, very black,
surface subrugose and uneven; ostiolum indistinct. At length per-
forated. With the preceding species.

750

Obtectce.
* Lignatiles.

1632. Sphceria laevigata, Schw. — Forms a continuous, smooth,
black crust widely effused (6 inches), determinate, surrounding the
limb. Perithecia scattered, large, globose-depressed, deeply immersed,
their ostiola appearing as mere points on the surface of the crust.

On soft, rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

1633. Sphceria inundatorum, Schw. — Gregarious, covered by
a widely effused, rimose crust, so that the wood appears charred.
Perithecia scattered, buried in the wood beneath the crust, globose-
depressed, without any distinct neck, but with flattened-globose ostiola
erumpent through a crustaceous tubercle, and finally pezizoid-umbili-
cate.

On wood lying in the Delaware, at Kaighn's Point, N. J. (Schw.).

1634. Sphceria excussa, Schw. — Perithecia large, thickly scat-
tered under the partially loosened epidermis, immersed in the inner
bark. Ostiolum punctiform, barely piercing the epidermis, but finally
elongated into a distinct beak perforated at the apex. The large,
flask-shaped rugose perithecia surrounded with a distinct furrow, also
emerge, and when mature, easily fall out, leaving pits in the bark two
lines across.

Frequent on young branches of Pyrus Malus, Bethlehem, Pa.
(Schw.). Allied to Massariafcedans, (Fr.).

1625. Sphceria denudans, Schw. — Scattered and aggregated,
oblong-globose, depressed. Perithecia immersed, at length subpromi-
nent, inner cavity elliptical, enclosed in a kind of cinerascent mem-
brane finally black. Ostiola very small, papilliform, situated in a
slight depression in the top of the peri thecium, sometimes hysteriiform.

On limbs, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

1636. Sphceria Rosce, Schw. — Scattered on a dark brown crust
widely effused under the epidermis, finally denuded. Perithecia sub-
immersed in the crust, hemispheric-prominent, oblong-globose, rugose,
black. Ostiola at first scarcely piercing the epidermis, at length
short-conical.

On tender branches of rose bushes, New Jersey (Schw.).

1637. Sphceria ampelos, Schw. — Minute, distantly seriately
scattered, circumscissile, brownish, flattened-globose. Ostiola promi-
nent through cracks in the bark.

On much decayed shoots of grape vines, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).

751

** Corticolce.

1657. Sphceria albofarcta, Schw. — Scattered or gregarious.
Perithecia covered, very small, entirely immersed in the bark, white
inside, globose, horizontally striate, indistinctly ostiolate, the ostiola
visible through cracks in the bark which is blackened (by the dis-
charged sporidia)?

On young branches of Sassafras, which are extensively stained
and blackened, Bethlehem, Pa.

1658. Sphceria tenella, Schw. — Scattered, buried in the bark
under the epidermis. Perithecia minute, elliptic-oblong or globose,
not glabrous. Ostiola very minute, visible through cracks in the
epidermis, apparently rising from a disk. Sometimes several ostiola
appear to rise from one perithecium.

In the fibrous bark of Hibiscus roseus, Bethlehem, Pa.

1659. Sphceria Daphnidis, Schw.— . At first covered, finally
bare above, but immersed in the bark. Perithecia globose-depressed,
dark brown, tomentose, immersed in a blackish, floccose crust. Ostiola
at first papillate, finally larger and deformed, especially in the denuded
perithecia which finally become rugose. Stains the bark black.

On Daphnis Mezerei, Bethlehem, Pa.

] 660. Sphceria fuscescens, Schw. — Aggregated or scattered, at
first entirely covered by the epidermis, but when this is thrown off,
seated free on the surface of the inner bark. Perithecia minute,
ovate-conical, much wrinkled, black or dark brown, sometimes col-
lapsing, the papilliform ostiola visible through cracks in the epidermis.
The black, spermatic contents exuding stain the surface of the bark
around the ostiolum.

On chestnut limbs.

1661. Sphceria palliolata, Schw. — Subseriate in cracks of the
epidermis, collected in small, elliptical groups, sometimes confluent.
At first covered by the epidermis, at length free, but always covered
by the thin, white inner membrane of the epidermis. Perithecia com-
paratively large, only a few in a cluster, globose-flattened, very black,
punctate-rugose. Ostiolum papilliform.

On smooth branches of Rosa corymbosa.

1662. Sphceria rhuma, Schw. — Gregarious; extensively erum-
pent through the epidermis and closely surrounded by it. Perithecia
very black, flattened, with a central papilla through which the copious

752

spores exude. When the epidermis falls away, there is seen a con-
tiguous, black, cortical crust raised into numerous pustules by the
hemispherical, black, smooth perithecia.
Under the epidermis of Rhus glabra.

1663. Sphoeria conspersa, Schw. — Gregarious or scattered, at
first covered by the epidermis which finally falls off. Ostiola erum-
pent in the form of a minute, concave disk. Perithecia numerous, very
black, of medium size, flattened at the base and when the ostiolum falls
off, perforated. Perfect specimens are crowned with a sphaeriiform
ostiolum half as large as the perithecium. The base of the peri-
thecium is immersed in the bark and the whole is stained and black-
ened by the exuding spores.

On Robinia viscosa, Nazareth, Pa. (Schw.).
Obturatce.

1664. Sphceria Sclerotium, Schw, Syn. Car. 163. — Scattered,
erumpent. Perithecia subovate, dark brown. Ostiolum impressed,
opening at first narrow, then round. At first sight resembles a
Sclerotium, but it is a true Sphceria, regular ovate-globose, a line
high, nearly free, seated in a kind of receptacle under the epidermis.
Color when dry, dirty white, with a small, yellowish sack inside.

On young branches, Carolina (Schw.).

1666. Sphceria erumpens, Schw. Syn. Car. 209. — Subsimple,
scattered, erumpent. Perithecia ovate-depressed, ashy-brown, obso-
letely papillate, squamose below, smooth above.

On dead branches of Smilax, Carolina.

1677. Sphceria Ruborum, Schw. — Scattered, gregarious or seri-
ate, soon throwing off the epidermis. Perithecia ovate-globose or
hemispherical, subimmersed in the bark, black, rugose, comparatively
large, crowned with a punctate-rugose tubercle half as large as the
perithecium or sometimes much smaller. The upper part of the peri-
thecium finally breaks away, leaving the cup-shaped base.

Common on dead stems of Rubus.

1678. Sphceria olivascens, Schw. — Almost always covered by
the epidermis, causing an olive-black spot in the bark which is raised
by the minute, hemispheric-globose perithecia with their perforated
ostiola alone visible.

On unknown twigs, Salem, N. C.

1680. Sphmria amorphula, Schw. — Densely aggregated or even
cespitose, seated in the substance of the bark under the epidermis,

753

amorphous or polymorphous, subconfluent, slightly raised, carbon-
aceous, black, astomous or indistinctly ostiolate.
In the bark of young branches of Juglans*

1681. Sphmria capsulamwi, Schw. — Simple, scattered, flattened,
hemispherical, minute, with a deciduous papilla, surrounded at base
by the thin, cinerascent epidermis of the capsule in which at first it is
immersed.

On capsules of various plants; e. g. Convolvulus purpureus, &c.

1782. Sphmria druparum, Schw. — Closely aggregated, black
and crustaceo-confluent. Perithecia numerous, ovate, rugose, indis-
tinctly ostiolate, at length partially denuded and then covered by
adherent fragments of the matrix.

On decaying black walnuts.

1683. Sphmria pomorum, Schw. — Scattered or aggregated,
seated on a black crust under the thin epidermis, which is finally
ruptured and falls off in fragments. Perithecia ovate, rugose, black,
minutely papillate.

On dried up apples and quinces hanging on the trees through the
winter, Carolina and Pennsylvania.

1685. Sphceria Azalem, Schw. — Perithecia seriately erumpent
through flexuous cracks in the epidermis, immersed in the inner bark,
scarcely confluent} subdistant, rather small, black, rugose, with a pezi-
zoid-umbilicate ostiolum.

On trunks and branches of Azalea nudiflora.

1686. Sphmria concomitans, Schw. — Scattered, erumpent, mi-
nute, punctifbrm, subglobose, astomous, black, finally pezizoid-collaps-
ing.

On the petioles of large leaves (of trees) where they are enlarged
from the stings of gall-producing insects.

1687. Sphmria lineolans, Schw. — Rather large, gregarious,
erumpent, closely surrounded by the epidermis. Perithecia confluent
in irregular lines, black and rough outside, globose-flattened, indis-
tinctly ostiolate, discharging the dark brown spores with which the
perithecia are filled. When young, covered by the raised epidermis.

On willow branches.

1688. Sphmria obtusa, Schw. — At first covered by the raised

*This and the remaining numbers not otherwise noted, were collected by Schweinitz,
at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

95

754

epidermis, at length denuded, scattered, but thickly covering the
stems. Ostiola obtuse, subprominent. Perithecia black, obovate, rugose,
minute, bare or surrounded at base by the epidermis. When young,
brown, subpellucid, surrounded by a whitish-pulverulent mass which
finally disappears.

On dead stems of Rubus villosus.

Subtectce.

1689. Sphceria sphcerocephala, Schw. Syn. Car. 166. — Peri-
thecia innate and rising with the yellowish epidermis to which they
are closely attached, suberumpent, of medium size, black; when empty,
cinereous and obsoletely cellulose. Ostiola formed of many crowded
tubercles, one of which exudes pellucid globules as in Sphmronema.

On branches of Hydrangea, Carolina.

1700. Sphceria vacciniicol a, Schw. — Scattered, covered. Peri-
thecia depressed-globose, subrugose, empty or filled with dark-colored
spermatic gelatine, visible through minute cracks in the epidermis,
scarcely papillate, black, very minute.

On small branches of Vaccinium.

1701. Sphmria Kalmiarum, Schw. - Scattered, very black;
when immature, swollen and brown, rarely exuding short, simple,
white cirrhi. Perithecia hemispherical, innate.

On fallen leaves of Kalmia and Rhododendron.

1703. Sphceria samarce* Schw. — Scattered; at first covered by
the epidermis which is soon stellately ruptured. Perithecia obtuse,
subastomous, punctate-rugose, dark brown, nucleus white; sometimes
extruding a small, straight, dark brown cirrhus.

On samarse of Fraxinus. Apparently different from Pleospora
samarce, Fckl.

1704. Sphceria Jasmini, Schw. — Scattered, minute, brown,
white at the apex, covered by the raised epidermis. Perithecia ellip-
tical or subrotund, at length collapsing with the epidermis still adherent,
the collapsed disk subrugose.

On shoots of Jasminus (cult.).

Caidincolce.

1731. Sphceria tecta, Schw. — Permanently covered, scattered
extensively over the slightly blackened stems. Perithecia depressed-
elliptical, crowned with a globose, deciduous papilla.

On large, herbaceous stems.

755

1732. Sphmria malvicola, Schw. — Minute, subseriate, erum-
pent from the bark and finally free, variable in shape; when perfect,
conical or globose, obtuse and deformed. Ostiolum confluent with the
perithecium which is clothed with grayish-black, divergent hairs.

On stems of Malva Alcea.

1734. Sphmria tenuissima, Schw. — Covered, scattered, shining-
black. Perithecia astomous, dark greenish, very delicate; when fresh,
hemispherical, soon collapsing, visible through the epidermis, finally
denuded.

On stems of Polygonatum latifolium.

1735. Sphmria navicularis, Schw. — Perithecia sometimes scat-
tered, but mostly on a black, elliptical or boat-shaped spot abruptly
contracted at each end, not glabrous, indistinctly papillate, finally
irregularly collapsing, at length partly loosened or only slightly
attached ; substance carbonaceo-pulveraceous.

On herbaceous stems, Salem, N. C. (Schw.).

1737. Sphmria obtusata, Schw. — At first covered, but finally
free, staining the substance of the stem yellow. Perithecia variable in
shape but always obtuse at the apex, cylindrical, globose or round,
moderately raised, glabrous, finally subcollapsing. Ostiolum hysterii-
form, transverse.

On various herbaceous stems.

1738. Sphmria platypus, Schw. — Scattered, very black, minute,
covered when young, but generally found denuded. The perithecia
are seated on a round, flattened base with the margin subinflexed, and
often sublobate when dry, and easily separated from the stem. Peri-
thecia conic-globose, apparently punctate from the discharged spores
scattered over them; otherwise glabrous and almost shining.

On stems of Anemone Virginiana.

1739. Sphmria Polygoni sagittati, Schw. — Scattered thickly
over the stems, black, at length entirely free, at first covered, flattened-
globose, much wrinkled. Ostiolum cylindric-papillate, brown. Base
of the perithecia sometimes effused.

On dead stems of Polygonum sagittatum.

1740. Sphmria Brassicm, Schw. — Scattered, erumpent between
the fibers of the stem, rather large, globose or hemispherical, black or
brownish-black, astomous, at length ruptured, leaving the lower part
of the perithecium irregularly torn and empty still attached to the

756

stem. Perithecia glabrous or only apparently punctate from the dis-
charged spores.

On cabbage stems in cellars.

1 741 . Sphceria Cannabis, Schw. — Scattered or seriate, at length
bursting through the thin epidermis, very minute, flattened-globose,
iTigose. Ostiolum indistinct. Perithecia easily deciduous.

Under the epidermis of stems of Cannabis.

1742. Sphceria lactescentium, Schw. — Densely aggregated,
rather large, at first covered by the epidermis, lying among the fibers
of the stem and easily deciduous, at length free. Perithecia black,
rugose, subconfluent, subcorneal and irregular, finally subcollapsing,
but always crowned with a white, spermatic globule. The stems are
often covered with the perithecia for a foot in length.

On the lower part of the stems of Asdepias Syriacus.

1743. Sphceria Asclepiadis, Schw. — Scattered, covered, shining-
black and visible through the epidermis, oblong-applanate, only a little
raised, subconfluent, rough, astomous, nucleus black. Although there
are no bristles, Schweinitz thinks this may belong to the genus
Exosporium.

On the upper part of stems of Asdepias Syriacus.
Different from Diaporthe Asdepiadis. (See p. 459).

1744. Sphceria Daturce, Schw. — At first covered, minute, lying
scattered and hidden under the epidermis, hardly ever entirely de-
nuded. Perithecia flattened, rugulose, subcollapsed, papillate-ostiolate,
dark brown.

On stems, capsules and spines of Datura, Salem, N. C, and
Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.), New York (Peck).

1745. Sphceria scapincola, Schw. — Very minute, orbiculate,
scarcely covered, appearing as minute, black specks thickly scattered
over the thin epidermis, flattened, subcollapsed, rugulose, with a very
minute central point or papilla scarcely visible. The minute peri-
thecia are scattered over the entire length of the scape.

On scapes of Yucca filamentosa.

1746. Sphceria ampliata, Schw. — Covered, broadly effused on
a subcuticular spot. Perithecia compressed, nestling among the fibers
of the stem, in which little cavities are left after the perithecia have
disappeared. Ostiolum thick, cylindrical, perforated at the enlarged
apex.

On stems of Umbelliferce.

757

1747. Sphceria rubicunda, Schw. — Spots determinate, of a uni-
form red color, covered. Perithecia minute, black, papillate (the
papillae seriately prominent), seated on the inner bark and covered by
the red-tinted epidermis.

On stems of Solanum and Che?iopodium, Carolina and Pennsyl-
vania (Schw.). Compare Leptosphmria rubicunda, on p. 360.

1748. Sphceria lilaeina, Schw. — Covered, spots indeterminate,
always lilac-colored. Perithecia loosely scattered under the spots,
very minute, black, here and there subprominent.

On stems of Asclepias Syriacus.

1749. Sphmria tageticola, Schw. — Covered, at length nearly
free, scattered on a cinerascent spot in the epidermis. Perithecia
minute, often 2-3 confluent-subseriate, distinctly raising the epidermis'.
Ostiola cylindrical, becoming globose, very distinctly prominent.

On stems of Tagetes (cult.).

1752. Sphceria evulsa, Schw. — Scattered, half a line (in diam.),
at first entirely covered by the fibers with which it is easily torn away,
being only slightly attached. Perithecia depressed, subconical from a
rather broad base, often collapsed below. Ostiolum minute, perforated.

On stems of climbing herbaceous plants.

1753. Sphmria meloplaca, Schw. — Gregarious, covered at first
by the thin epidermis, at length denuded, immersed in a black or dark
brown crust which it finally penetrates, the numerous irregularly
globose, nearly free, black, rugose, astomous, empty perithecia coming
in sight. Sometimes they are subostiolate-impressed at the vertex.

On stems of the larger herbs.

1754. Sphceria Myrrhis, Schw. — Perithecia scattered, minute,
globose-conical, dark brown, very thin, glabrous, subcollapsing, con-
fluent with the ostiola, erumpent-superficial, punctiform, seated on a
dark cinereous, thin, subde terminate, effused spot an inch in diameter,
not surrounding the stem. Somewhat resembles Phoma nebulosa.

On branches of Myrrhis Canadensis.

1756. Sphmria sulcigena, Schw. — Seriately scattered in the
furrowed surface of the culm, very minute, at first covered by the
thin epidermis, tinged with black, subimmersed, subrotund, flattened,
crowned with a deciduous papilla.

On old culms of Zizania, Philadelphia, Pa.

1757. Sphmria Pastinacm, Schw. — Perithecia scattered but

758

effigurate-approximate, yellowish-brown, at first covered by the epi-
dermis, at length denuded, subrotund-obovate, sometimes navicular,
minute, rugose-punctate, papillate, finally irregularly collapsing.
On stems of Pastinaca.

Foliicolce.

1767. Sphceria pyramidalis, Schw. — At first covered by the
epidermis, then emergent, spinuliform, smooth, glabrous. Ostiola
rather long, black when dry (Gnomonia).

On the lower surface of leaves, Carolina.

The following species mentioned by Schweinitz, in his Synopsis
of North American Fungi, are imperfectly known and doubtful, and
only their names are given here :

Sphcsria Anethi, Pers. Syn. p. 30.

" araneosa, Pers. Syn. p. 67.

" calva, Tode, Fungi Meckl. II, p. 16.

" circumscissa, Pers. Disp. Meth. p. 4.

" clandestina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 484.

" crypta, Fr. S. M. II, p. 479.

foveolaris, Fr. S. M. II, p. 499.

" galbana, Fr. 1. c. p. 512.

" inversa, Fr. 1. c. p. 414.

" Lingam, Tode,Fungi Meckl. II, p. 77.

" mucosa, Fr. S. M. II, p. 425.

" oppilata, Fr. S. M. II, p. 493.

" pcetula, Fr. 1. c. p. 483.

M palina, Fr. 1. c. p. 411.

Sphcsria polita, Fr. 1. c. p. 426.

" pleurostoma, Kze. in. Fr. S. M. II,

p. 456.

" plinthis, Fr. S. M. II, p. 511.

" pyrina, Fr. S. M. II, p. 494.

" rhytostoma, Fr. V. A. H. 1816, p. 148.

" sarmentorum, Fr. S. M. II, p. 498.

" Solani. Pers. Syn. p. 62.

" subradians, Fr. S. M. II, p. 525.

" sulcata, Fr. S. M. II. p. 498.

" tenacella, Fr. S. M. II, p. 492.

" tephrotricha, Fr. S. M. II, p. 448.

" varia, Pers. Syn. p. 52.

759

GLOSSARY.

Abnormal. Differing from the usual form.

Aculeate. Prickly; beset with prickles.

Aculeolale. Beset with diminutive prickles.

Adnate. Grown to; firmly united.

Amorphous. Shapeless; without form.

Amphigenous. Growing on both sides.

Anastomosing. Connected by transverse
branches so as to form a more or less
perfect network.

Annular. In the form of a ring.

Aparaphysate. Without paraphyses.

Areolate. Marked out into small spaces.

Ascospores. Spores produced in asci.

Ascus. The membranaceous sac containing
the sporidia.

Astomous. Mouthless.

Basal. At or pertaining to the base.

Beaked. Ending in a prolonged tip or beak.

Bifid- Two-cleft.

Bilocular. Two-celled.

Biogenous. Growing on living organisms.

Biseriate. In two rows or series.

Canescent. Gray or hoary.

Capitate. Collected in a head or furnished
with a head.

Capsule. A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of
more than one carpel.

Carinate. Furnished with a keel or project-
ing, longitudinal line.

Cartilaginous. Firm and tough; like a car-
tilage.

Caudate. Having a slender, tail-like ap-
pendage.

Cespitose. Growing in tufts.

Chartaceous. L,ike paper.

Cinereous. Ash-colored.

Circinate. Lying in a circle.

Circumscissile. Splitting around horizon-
tally.

Clavate. Club-shaped.

Cirrhus, pi. Cirrhi. Tendrils; elongated,
tendril-like collections of exuded spores.

Colliculose. Covered- with small, rounded
prominences.

Concrescent. Growing together.

Conglobate. Collected in a subspherical mass.

Continuous. Not divided by septa.

Crustaceous. Of hard and brittle texture.

Cuneate. Wedge-shaped.

Cymbiform. Boat-shaped.

Deciduous. Not persistent; falling off.

Dendroid. Shaped like a tree.

Dichotomous. Dividing regularly by pairs.

Didymous. Double; of two equal parts.

Digitate. Furnished with fingers; dividing
like the fingers of a hand.

Dimidiate. Halved. In a dimidiate perithe-

cium the lower half is wanting.
Distichous. In two rows or layers.
Echinate. Beset with prickles.
Epiphyllous. Growing on the upper side of a

leaf.
Epithecium. The layer sometimes formed

above the asci by the concrescent tips

of the paraphyses.
Erumpent. Bursting out.
Exserted. Projecting; standing out.
Falcate. Scythe-shaped.
j Farinose. Covered with a meal-like powder.
Fastigiate. with branches erect and close

together.
Fascicle. A small bundle.
Ferruginous. Rust-colored.
Filiform. Thread-like.
Fimbriate. Fringed.
Flexuous. Bending alternately in opposite

directions.
j Forked. Divided into two equal parts.

Friable. Easily crumbling.
I Fugacious. Disappearing very early.
Fuliginous. The color of soot.
Glabrous. Smooth; not rough, pubescent, or

hairy.
Gregarious. Growing in groups.
Guttulate. Containing nuclei resembling

small drops of water or oil.
Hirsute. Clothed with rather coarse, stiff

hairs.
Hispid. Clothed with rigid hairs or bristles.
Hyaline. Transparent like glass.
Hypophyllous. Growing on the under side of

a leaf.
Innate. Grown into.
Inordinate. Not in regular order.
Lacerate. Irregularly torn.
Laciniate. Cut into narrow, pointed lobes.
Lenticular. L,ens-shaped.
Linear. Long and narrow with sides parallel.
Membranaceous. Thin and soft and more or

less transparent.
Moniliform. Ivike a string of beads.
Muricate. Rough with short, hard points.
Muriculate. Finely muricate.
Obconical. Inversely conical.
Oblique. Unequal-sided or slanting.
Obovate. Inverted ovate.
Obsolete. Not evident; rudimentary.
Opake. Dull; not smooth or shining.
Operculate. Furnished with a lid.
Osliolum. A little mouth; the opening in the

apex of the perithecium.
Ovate. Egg-shaped.

Papillose. Having minute, . rounded pro-
jections.

760

Paraphyses. Slender, thread-like bodies grow-
ing with the asci.

Parasitic. Growing on and deriving nourish-
ment from another plant.

Pedicellate. Furnished with a stem.

Penicillate. I,ike a brush.

Peripherical. Trying around the circum-
ference.

Perithecium. The case or hollow shell which
contains the spores.

Polymorphous. Having many forms.

Polystichous. In several rows or layers.

Pubescent. Covered with hairs, mostly short,
soft hairs.

Pulverulent. As if covered with dust.

Punctulate. Dotted with minute depressions,
as if punctured with the point of a pin.

Pycnidium. A stylosporous perithecium form-
ing an early stage in the development
of some Pyrenomycetes.

Radiate. Spreading from a common center.

Ramicolous. Growing on branches.

Reticulate. Forming a network.

Rostrate. Having a beak.

Rudimentary But slightly developed.

Rufous. Reddish -brown.

Rugose. Wrinkled.

Saprogenous. Growing on decaying sub-
stances.

Septum. Any kind of partition.

Sessile. Without any stem or foot -stalk.

Sinuate. With a wavy outline.

Spermogonium. Differs from the pycnidium
in its smaller spores.

Sporidium. A spore produced in an ascus.

Spores. A general term applied to the fruit
among the fungi.

Sporules. Spores produced in perithecia but
not in asci.

Squamose. Scaly.

Squamulose. With minute scales.

Sterile. Unproductive; without fruit.

Stipe. A stem or foot-stalk.

Stroma. A bed; that which supports or in-
cludes the perithecia.

Stylospores. Spores produced in a perithe-
cium and borne on pedicels (basidia),
but not contained in asci.

Suberose. Ivike cork; corky.

Sub-erose. Slightly erose.

Terete. Having a circular, transverse section.

Tomentose. Densely pubescent with matted
wool.

Trimorphous. Having three forms.

Turbinate. Top-shaped; inverted conical.

Undulate. Wavy.

Verrucose. Warty.

Verticillate. Arranged in a whorl.

Vesicular. Composed of vesicles or small
bladder-like cavities.

ABBREVIATIONS.

det.

Determined by.

diam.

Diameter.

fide.

On the authority of.

I.e.

In the place (book or work) cited.

mm.

Millimeter or Millimeters.

sec.

According to.

spec.

Specimen.

specc.

Specimens.

CORRECTIONS.

Page 300, last line, for "shiny," read
slimy.

Page 609, fifth line from top, for "gram-
ius, " read gra m in is.

ERRATA.

Page 45, bottom line, for "3-septate" read 4-septate.
" 46, 7th line from bottom, for "3-septate" read 4-septate.
" 166, 5th line from bottom, for "1—1 V-> micr." read 1—1 V2 mm.
11 219, 4th line from top strike out "not."
" 300, bottom line, for "shiny" read slimy.
" 429, 19th line from top for "3 micr." read 3 — 4 and second line

from bottom, 1890 for "1891."
" 452, 16th line from bottom, for "85X7" micr. read 45X7.
" 493, 4th line from bottom for "30X35" read 30—35.
" 538, add measurements of sporidia of Ps profusa, 45 — 50X15 micr.
" 581, 11th line from bottom, for *'^4— V2 mm." read M—V2 cm.
" 624, add measurements of sporidia of N.glycyrrhiza, 9—10X5 micr.
" 640, 18th line from bottom for "2 mm." read V2 mm.
" 645, 3d line from bottom for "10X15" read 10X4—5.

To the "Corrections" on page 760 add the following

Page 111. • For "Attractium" read Atractium.

" 143. M "A." read V. before "Alchemillae."

" 171. " "Shaeropsis" read Sphaeropsis.

" 173. " "Helmithosphaeria" read Helminthosphasria.

" 189. H "Carlise" read Carlisle.

" 192. " "Wallwrothiella" read Wallrothiella.

" 194. " "hystricina" read hystricinum.

" 285. " "Stellarinearun" read Stellarinearura.

'* 384. " M. "sqmata" read M. squamata.
" 482. Put V. before "Cypri."

" 554. " "Silia" read Sillia.

577. " "grandinea" read grandineum.

" 584. " "E." read D.

" 603. " "Cheonpodii" read Chenopodii.

'* 605. " 15th line, for "1855" read 1955, and in the next line for "1041" read

1941, and for "Rosaea" read Rosae.

" 730. " For "Cuccurbitaria" read Cucnrbitaria.

763. " "Ticothecium" read Tichothecium.

" 763. " "Trichosphaeriaceae" read Trichosphaerieae.

In "Keys to the genera," pp. 4 and 58, Uncinula and Byponectria should have
been included.

The genera Botryotpkeeria to Valsaria inclusive, constitute the Family Melo-
grammeaa, and Diatrype to Diatrypella inclusive, the Fam. Diatrypece. The diag-
noses of these Families were accidentally omitted and are giveu below.

Page 546, before Botryosphaeria, insert:

Family. Melogrammese.

Stroma valsoid or diatrypoid, subpulvinate, globose>>r irregular, mostly erura-
pent, and becoming superficial. Perithecia sunk in the stroma or often with the
upper part free. Sporidia various.

Page 565, before Diatrype, insert :

Family. Diatrypese.

Stroma effused or valsoid, subglobose or pulvinate, erumpent. Perithecia sunk
to the bottom of the stroma or distributed through it. Ostiola not convergent,
Sporidia allantoid, hyaline or brownish.

I

INDF* 0F GENERA.

Tfil

jAcanthostignm,

Mrospermi

Actidinit,

Aniphisphaeri.i,

sispbaerieae,
Angelina,
Anteintaria,
Antbostonia,
Anthostomella.

>ra,
Apit sporinra,
sterina.

aphum.

1a,

rdia,

ia,

uectri/a'
>Ma,

ospora,
'Ceratosphaeria,
(ejpatostoma,
( eratostomeae,
(emtostomella,
Oeriospora,
(haetou ieae,
< haetoiuium,
( haetospliaeria,
( tjiionectria,
( latbrospora.
( 'lavieeps,
( leistosoma,

Cly^eesphaeria,

Clypeosphaerieae,

Coelospbaeria,

Coleroe,

Cordyceps,

Coronophora,

Cryptosphaeria,

Cryptospora,

Cryptovalsa,

Cryptovalsa,

Cucurbitaria,

Cucurbitarieae,

Curreya,

Daldinia,

Delitschia,

Diaporthe,

Diatrype,

Diatrypella,

Dichaena,

Dichsenacese,

Didymella,

Didymosphaeria,

Dimerosporium,

Ditopella,

Dothidea,

Dothideaceae,

Dothidella,

Eleutheromyces,

Enchnoa,

Endothia,

Endoxyla,

Epichloe,

Erysiphe,

Erysipheae,

Erysiphella,

Eurotium,

Eutypa,

Eutypella,

Fenestella,

partly

762

Fracchiaea,

PAGE.

244

(libbcra,

248

Gibberella,

119

Gloniella,

68b'

(* Ionium,

680

Gndmonia,

322

Gnomonieae,

322

Herpotrichia,

157

Horn stegia,

615

Hypocopra,

133

Hypoorea,

77

jltypocreaceae,

1-58

Hypocrella,

90

Hypoderma,

710

Hypodermieae,

710

Hypomyces,

71

Hyponectria.

71

Hypospila,

412-737

Hy poxy Ion,

628-742

Hypsotheca*

199

Hystemeeae,

673

Hysterrain,

692

fivst^rographiuni.

701

fsothpjr.

412

Julella,

392

Kalmusia,

519

Karstenula,

407

Laestadia,

256

Lasiobotrys,

54

Lasiosphaeria,

144

Lentomita,

200

Leptosphaeria,

350-734

Linospora,

411

Lizonia,

301-731

Lopbidium,

234

Lophioneina,

236

Lophiosphaera,

221

Lophiostoma,

221-729

Lophiostomeae,

221

Lophiotrema,

221

f'ophiimi,

691

LopiJeriiiiiiin.

PACE

713

Massan,

399-735

Massarae,

399

Massarlla,

405

Massariovlsa,

408

Mazzantia,

617

Melanconide

521

Melanconis,

521

Melanoinma,

181-729

Melanommeaq

163

Melanopsamnii,

176

Melanospor?

121

^Meliola,

45

Melogramnn,

553-741

Metasphaera,

379

Microsphaen,

22

Microthyrium

¥

Montagnella,

252

Mullerella,

Myriangium,

m

Myrioco

xum,

Myrmae

fium.

Mytilidi<

m,

687

Nectria,

93

Nitschki

a,

245

Nummular!*,

' '62!

Ohleria,f

21 U

Oomycesj. ,,

Ophiodothis,

»(9

Ophionectria,

iU

Ophiobolus,

Ophioceras.

Ostreion,

Ostropa,

Otthia, i

Parodiella,

Perisporiaeeae,

Perisporieae,

Perisporium,

Pharcidia, .

Philoeog

a,

V'

763

Phomatospora

PA G E.

310

Sphaerelloideae,

PAGE.

255

Phyllachora,

596

Sphaeriaceae,

2-122

Phyliactinia,

20

Sphaerotheca,

5

Physalospora,

302

Sphaerostilbe,

111

Pleomassaria,

406

Sphaerulina,

312

Pleonectria,

114

Sporormia,

134

Pleospora,

334

Sporormiella,

136

Pleosporeae,

329

Stigmatea,

313

Plowrightia,

252

Teichospora,

212

Podosphaera,

21

Thyridium,

414

Podospora,

128

Thyronectria,

92

Polystigma,

69

Ticothecium,

301

Poronia,

658

Trabutia,

413

Pseudovalsa,

537

Trematosphaeria,

207

Pyrenophora,

346-733

Trichosphaeria,

151

Pyrenomycetes,

1

Trichosphaeriaceae,

136

Rharaphoria,

200

Tryblidium,

689

Rhopographus,

618

Uncinula,

15

Rhynchostoma,

196

Ustulina,

662

Rosellinia,

163

Valsa,

460-739

Saccardia,

53

Valsaria,

555-741

Saecardoella,

392

ValsSae,

422

Schizothyrium,

675

Valsella,

517

Scirrhia,

742

Venturia,

136

Scorias,

55

Wallrothiella,

254

Selinia,

68

Winteria,

211

Sordaria,

126

Xylaria,

664-743

Sordarieae,

126

Xylarieae

621

Sphaerella,

264-730

Zignoella,

186-729

T64

INDEX OF SPECIES.

abbreviates ( Micro8p7icera) 28

abbreviatum (Hysterium) 682

abbreviatum (Lophiostoma) . . . 228

abietina (Rosellinia) 172

Abietis (Valsa) 463

abnormis (Dothidea) 615

abnormis (SpJiceria) 220

abrupta (Botryosphaeria) 547

abscondita (Melanopsamina).. . 177

Abyssinica (Phymatosphceria) . 620

Acaciae (Sphaerella) 277

acanthostroma (Trichosphaeria) 152

accedens (Didymosphaeria) 330

acclinis (Valsa) 483

accumulatum (Glonium) 681

acerina (Diaporthe) 424

acerina (Sphwrella).. «««*«. ...4. 265

Aceris (Diaporthe) 430

Aceris (Melogramma) 546

Aceris (Otthia) 249

Aceris (Uncinula) 17

acervalis (Gibberella) 119

acervata (Diaporthe). 738

Acharii (Eutypa; 502

acicola ( Lasiosphmria) 147

acicola (Sphaerella) 280

acicolum (Aylographum) 680

acicolum (Mytilidion) 688

acicularis (Cordyceps) 64

acrocystis (Melanconis) 526

actidja (Valsaria) 562

aculeans(Cryptospora) 535

aculeata (Diaporthe) 452

aculeata (Spharia) 152

acuminatus (Opbiobolus) 393

acuta (Leptosphaeria) 366

acuta (Xylaria) ..-. 671

acuum (Metasphaeria) 384

adelphica (Didymosphaeria).... 334

adhaerens (Valsella).;..,., ,« 518

adunca (Diaporthe) 451

adunca ( Uncinula) 19

adusta(Homostegia)...: 615

adustuin (Anthostoma) 580

cequalis (Sphcerella) 265

aequivocum (Lophiostoma) 229

aBquilinearis (Valsa) 469

iEsculi (Diaporthe) 446

yEsculi (Lsestadia) 258

aasculicola (Sphseria) 746

^Ethiops (Amphisphaaria) 204

JEtMops (Diatrype) 555

affinis (Lasiobotrys) 54

afflata (Sphseria) 743

aggregata (Erysiphe) 14

aggregata (Sphaeria) 163-220

aggregatum (Hysterium) 682

aggregatum (Mytilidion) 688

aglaeothele (Nectria) 107

agnita (Leptosphseria) 366

agnostica (Valsa) 466

Agrostidis (Sphseria) 746

Ailanthi (Diaporthe) 428

Ailanthi (Sphaerella) 266

Akebiae (Valsaria) 557

Alabainiensis (Ceriospora) 391

alarum (Sphaerella) 279

albocincta (Sphmria) 187

albocincta (Valsa) 424

albocinctum (Hypoxylon) 647

albocoronata (Ceratostomella). 195

albocrustata (Laestadia) 256

albofarcta (Sphaeria) 751

albofusca (Cryptospora) 535

albolanata (Rosellinia) 168

albomaculans (Amphisphaeria) 204

albopruinosa (Diatrype) 570

albopunctata (Leptosphaeria)... 375

albovelata (Valsa) 535

album (Acrospermum) 728

Alchemillae (Venturia) 143

aleurina (Eutypella) 497

algida (Leptosphaeria) 373

allicina (Sphaerella) itt^.t 731

aliena (Asterina) j 36

aliquanta (Clypeosphaeria) 410

Allii (Pleospora) 335

allostoma (Valsa) 474

alnea (Ophiodothis) 620

alnea (Otthia) 250

Alni (Dothidella) 606

Alni (Gnomonia) 326

Alni (Melanconis) 524

Alni (Microsphaera) 27

Alni (Valsa) 461

alnicola (Calosphseria) 510

T65

alnicola (Sphserella) 273

aloides (Sordario) 1 29

a Ipina ( Stigmatea) 314

altipetum (Rhyncospora) 197

alutaeea (Hypocrea) 88

ambiens (Valsa) 470

ambigua (Rosellinia) 173

ambigua (Sphmria) 546

auibleium (Thyridium) 41(5

Ambrosiae (Erysiphe) 12

Ambrosias (Phyllackora) 598

Americana (Diaporthe) 433

Americana (Pleospora) 336

Americana (Uncinula) 15

Americana (Valsa) 461

Americanum (Ostreion) 700

amoena (Gnomonia) 325

amorpha (Fenestella) 543

amorpho&toma (Sphwria) 538

amorphula Sphseria) 752

Ampelopsidis (Diaporthe) 434

Ampelopsidis ( Uncinula) 15

ampelos (Sphseria) 750

amphicornis (Podospora) 130

amphitricha (Meliola) 45

ampliata (Sphseria) 756

a inplispora (Pleospora) 342

amplisporum (Anthostoma).... 583

aiiiygdalina (Valsa) 530

amygdalinum (Anthostoma)... 580

Andersoni (Spbcerella) 730

Andromedse (Clithris) 724

Andromedae (Leptosplueria)!.. 351

Andromedarnm (Sphseria) 300

Andropogi (Sptneria) 746

andropogicola (Sphseria) 745

Andropogonis (Didymella)... . 317

Andropogonis(Didymosphseria) 330

Andropogonis (Gnomonia) 324

Angelica? (Sphserella) 292

Angelic*- lucidae (Sphseria).... 300

anguillides (Ophiobolus) 396

angularis (Valsaria) 558

angulata (Sphwria) 585

augulosa (Eutypella) 493

angustatum (Hysterium) 693

ring a statu in (Lophiostonia) 234

angustilabrum (Lophiostonia). 230

anisometra (Metasphauia) 381

annulans (Diatrypella) , 594

annulata (Sphserella) 278

annulatum (Hypoxylon) 640

anomala Asterina) 35

anomala (Cryptospora) 531

anomala (Leptosphasria) 355

anomalum (Uimerosporium)... 35

anomia (Sphceria) 538

anomia (Valsa) 474

anserina (Valsaria) 741

anthelmintica (Leptosphajria). 357

anthostomoides (Valsaria) 561

anthracina (Sphairia) 624

antiquum (Thyridium) 415

Aparines (Splmria) 617

apatosa (Valsaria) 558

aperta (Rosellinia) 175

apertiuscula (Sphasria) 300

apiculata (Hypocrea). 86

apiculosa (Diaporthe) 448

apiosporus ( Hy pomy ces) 72

apocrypta (Diaporthe) 434

apocrypta (Melanconis) 528

Apocyni (Lsestadia). 260

Apocyni (Nectria) 108

apogon (Leptosphajria) 390

appendiculosa (Sphairia) 421

applanata (Amphisphseria) 206

applanata (Sphserella) 279

applanata (Venturia) 139

aquatica (Amphisphaeria) 265

aquatica (Sphserella) 264

aquila (Rosellinia) 163

Aquilegiae (Sphserella) 290

aqulUninii (Hysterium) 618

Arabidis (Metasphseria) 381

Aralise (Botryosphseria) 547

Aralise (Sphserella) 281

AraucarkB (SpJiwria) 332

arbuticola (Sphserella) 272

arcana (Sphcerella) 265

Arceuthobii (Wallrothiella).... 254

Archangelicse (Lsestadia) 262

arctespora (Rosellinia) 174

arctica (Laestadia) 261

arctica (Pleospora) 343

Arctii (Diaporthe) 450

Arctostaphyli (Botryosphseria) 548

Arctostaphyli (Venturia) 140

argillaceum (Hypoxylon) 632

Argus (Massaria) <?•?!*••• 39^

766

argyrospora (Pleospora) 335

argyrostigma (Phomatospora).. 310

aridophila (Teicliospora) 214

Aristidae (Dothidella) 607

armeniaca (Cordyceps) 60

arineniaca (Hypocrea) 80

armeniacus {Hypomyces) 75

Armerice {Pleospora) 335

Artemisia? (Dothidella) 609

Artemisiae (Leptosphaeria) 365

arthopyrenioides (Sphaerella)... 284

artocreas {Spliceria.) 265

Arthuriana (Physalospora) 302

arundinacea (Leptospineria).... ■ 371

arundinaceum(Lopliodermium) 719

Arundiname (Aylographum). 078

Arundinariae (Didymella) 732

Arundinariae (Stigraatea) 313

Arundinariae (Trichosphajria) . . 153

Arundinis (Lophiostoma) 227

asarifolia (Laestadia) 262

Asclepiadis (Diaporthe) 459

Asclepiadis (Sphaeria) 756

Asiminae (Sphaerella) 268

Asparagi {Leptosphwria) 364

Asparagi {Pleospora) 335

aspera (Diatrypella) 590

Aspergrenii (Melanomma) 185

assecla (Calosphaeria) 508

asterinoides (Sphaerella) 281

asterinoides (Venturia) 138

asterophorus (Hypomyces) 75

asterostoma (Diatrype) 568

Astragali (Microsphaera) ,.. 30

Astragali (Sphaerella) 282

astroidea {Sphm-ia) 502

athroa (Nectria) 106

atomcespora {Valsa) 502

atofnaria {Sphmria) 332

fitramentaria {Dothidea) 91

atramentosa (Hypocrea) 89

atramentosa (Sphaeria) 654

atriella {Sphwria) 155

atrobarbum (Acanthostigma).. 155

atrofusca (Nectria) 99

atrofuscum (Hypoxylon) 656

atrograna (Amphisph;eria) 201

atrogrisea {Massaria) 405

atroinquinans {Massaria) 403

atronitens {Sphmria) 605

atropunctatum (Hypoxylon)... 650

atropurpureum (Hypoxylon).. 647

atrorufum (Hpoxylon) 742

anctum ( Lophiostoma) 233

aulica (Metasphaeria) 385

aurantia {Nectria) 74

aurantia (Physalospora) 304

aurantius (Hypomyces) 74

aurea (Cryptospora) 530

aurea (Pleospora) 340

aureofulva (Nectria) 99

aurigera {Nectria) 113

auripunctum (Laestadia) 257

anellana {frpluaria) 584

avocetta (Ceratostoma) 190

axillatum (Capnodium) 52

Azaleae (Clithris) 722

Azaleae (Sphaeria) 753

azedarachtae (Diatrype) 573

baccata (Pleospora) 340

bacchans (Didymosphaeria).... 333

Baccharidis (Diaporthe) 458

Baccharidis (Dothidea) 612

Baccharidis {Meliola) 32

bacillatus (Ophiobolns) 396

Badhami {Diatrype) 439

Baggei (Sphaeria) 367

Bagnisii (Hypoxglon) 636

balsamea (Calonectria) 114

balsamicola (Dimerosporium). 728

Banningii (Hypomyces) 72

Baptisiae (Anthostomella) 420

baptisiicola (Sphaerella) 287

Barbara {Sphmria) 676

barbicincta (Herpotrichia) 158

baibirostris (Calosphaeria) 512

Barbula (Venturia) 141

Beaumontii (Hypoxylon)....... 657

Beaumontii CLeptosphaeria).... 377

Beaumontii (Phyllachora). 598

Beaumontii (Valsaria) 564

Berberidis (Cucurbitaria) 238

Berberidis (Dothidea) 613

Berberidis (Lophodermium).... 714

Berchemiae (Eutypella) 491

BerchemiiE {Valsa) 491

Berengeriana {Botryospharia) 546

Berengerii {Hysterium) 696

Berenice (Acanthostigma) 154

Berkeley i (Phomatospora) 310

w

Berkelepi (Titama) 538

Berolinensis (Pleonectria) 115

Betulae (Cryptospora) 533

Betulcu (BphcBria) 540

bctiilitjiuiiu (Hysterium) 692

betulina (Diatrypella) 586

betulina (Dothidella) 605

biuitxttta (Mel 'n i, run is) 526

bicincta (Diaporthe) 429

bicolor (llypocrea) 87

bicolor (Hpoxylon) 634

bicornis (Pseudovalsa) 539

bkornis ( Unr inula) 17

bicuspiclata (Leptospkaeria) 352

bicuspidatum (Lophiostoma). . . 233

bidentata Oleliola) 46

Bidwellii (Laestadia) 262

biforme (Hysterium) 695

biformis (Lasiospkauria) 151

bifrons (Hypospila) 737

biglobosa (Diaporthe) 447

Bigelocue (Dothidea) 611

Bignonke (Asterina) 43

Bignoniae (Valsaria) 563

bina (Physalospora) 305

binoculata (Diaporthe) 432

bispherica (Ampkispkaeria).... 201

bispora (Diatrype) 576

bispora (Massariella) 406

bisporula (Delitschia) 136

bitorulosa (Melanconis) 522

biuncinata (Podospkaera) 22

Bivonae (Uncinula) 18

Blakei (Ilypoxylon) 638

Bocconiae (Leptospkaeria) 362

boleticola (Hypomyces) 77

bombarda (Sphwria) .. 176

bombardioides (Sordaria) 128

Bonariensis (Eutypella) 489

borealis (Leptosplueria) 353

borealis (Metaspkaeria) 389

borealis (Pharcidia) 301

boreella (Valsa) : 477

bostrychodes (Ckaetomium).... 125

botryosa (Sphwria)..., 244-633

botrys (Hypoxylon) 633

botulaespora (Ampkispkaeria)... 203

boucera (Metaspkaeria) 382

Brachystemonis {Dothidea).... 604

brackystoina (Antkostomella).. 419

krachytkeca (Metaspkaeria).... 386

Brasiliensis (Phymatosphoiria) 620

Brassicae (Nectria) 107

Brassicae (Podospora) 132

Brassicae (Spkaeria) 755

brevibarbata (Fracckiaea) 245

brevirostre (Ceratostoma). 189

Bromi (Pkyllackora) 599

Broomeianum (Hypoxylon).... 628

Brunellae (Leptospkaeria) 358

brunnea (Laestadia) 263'

brunnea (Metaspkaeria) 385

bufonia (Massariella) 405

bulbosa (Xylaria) 743

bullata (Asterina) 44

bullata (Diatrype) 566

bullata (Dotkidella) 609

Bulliardi (Melogramma) 55a

Bulliardi (Nummularia) 624

bullulata (Dotkidella) 609

Buuieliae (Polystigma) 70

Bumeliae (Spkaerella) 277

byssicola (Opkiobolus) . 397

byssiseda (Sphoeria) 163

Cacti (Antkostomella) 422

caesariata (Lasiospkaeria) 146

caespitosa (Dickaena) 727

caespitosum (Aylograpkum).... 679

caespitulans (Spkaeria) 748

Caladii (Perisporiuin) 56

calicioides (Hypsotkeca) 199

Californica (Leptospkaeria) 354

Californica (Podospora) 132

Californica (Spkaerella) 297

Californicum (Mytilidion) 688

callicarpa (Caryospora) 210

Callicarpae (Diatrype) 572

Callicarpa} {Melogramma) 546

callista (Fracckiaea) 244

callostroma (Hypoxylon) 643

calocladopkora (Microspkaera). 29

calvescens (Pyrenopkora) 348

Calycanthi (Sphceria) 546

Calystegiae (Dotkidea) 612

caminata (Sphairia) 190

Campanula? (Spkaerella) 289

rnmpylosporum (Melogramma) 553

Canadense (Tkyridium) 416

Canadensis (Calonectria) 112

Canadensis (Didymella) 315

768

Canadensis (Fenestella) 545

Canadensis (Saccardoella) 392

Canadensis (Sphaerella) 280

Candida (Sphaeria) 660

canescens (Lasiosphaeria) 148

canescens (Sphaerella) •• .. 138

canina (Philocopra) 133

caninum ( Clmtomium) 125

Cannabis (Spha3ria).. 756

canodisca (Eutypella) 496

eapillaris (Ceratostomella) 196

capillata (Eutypella; ... 489

capitata (Cordyceps). 66

capnoides (Dimerosporium).... 34

capnostoma (Diatrype) 572

capreolata (Dothidea) 604

capsularum (Sphaeria) 753

Carduorum (Sphmria) 393

carectorum (Metasphaeria) 389

carpinea (Laestadia) 256

caricinum (Actidium) 685

Caricis (Phyllachora) 599

caries (Hypoxylon) 655

cariosa ( Splmria ) 155

carnea (Asterina) 38

Caroliniense (Capnodium) 51

Carolinensis {Cordyceps) 64

Carpini (Diaporthe) 425

Carpini (Pleomassaria) 407

carpinigera (Diaporthe) 444

carpophila (Xylaria) 672

carpophilum (Ceratostoma).... 191

Caryae (Cryptospora) 536

caryigena (Valsa) 487

caryigenum (Glonium) 682

caryophaga (Sphceria) 207

caryophyllea (Laestadia) 262

Cassandrae (Venturia) 140

Cassia? (Pleospora) 339

cassiaecola (Leptosphaeria) 363

Cassiopes (Metasphaeria) 381

Castagnei (Sphaerotheca) 8

Castaneae (Botryosphaeria) 550

castanella (Didymella) 316

castanicola (Fenestella) 546

castanicola (Laestadia) 259

castanicola (Valsa) 546

castorea (Xylaria) 666

Catalpae (Hy poxy Ion) 644

Catariaj (Didymella) 321

datesbeyi (Spha3rella) 276

Cattanei (Metasphaeria) 382

canaliculata (Sphaeria)..., 746

caudata (Massariovalsa) 408

carpinicola (Sphaeria) 746

catalpicola (Sphaeria) 747

caulincolum (Ceratostoma).... 191

caulium (Lophiostoma) 224

cavernosa (Metasphaeria) 385

Ceanothi (Diatrype) 572

Ceanothi (Didymosphaeria) 331

Ceanothi ( Erysiphe) 27

Ceanothi (Hysterographium). . 705

Ceanothi (Leptosphaeria) 352

Ceanothi (Valsa) 483

ceanothina (Physalospora) 304

Celastri (Asterina) 39

Celastri (Nectria) 98

Celtidis (Didymella) 316

Celtidis (Valsaria) 561

cenisia (Valsa) 463

centripeta (Valsa) 475

cepm (Pleospora) 335

Cephalanthi (Diatrypella) 591

ceramica (Hypocrea) 85

ceramioides (Dothidea) 143

Cerasi (Dothidea) 546

cerasina (Sphserella) 270

ceratispora (Leptosphaeria) 377

ceratophora (Valsa) 461

ceratosperma ( Sphceria) 46 1

ceratotheca (Metasphaeria) 388

cercidicola (Sphaerella) 273

cercidicolum (Anthostoma).... 582

Cercidis (Dothidea) 610

cercophora ( Diaporthe) 440

cerea (Ophionectria) 118

cerviculata (Eutypella) 491

cervina (Mycogone) 77

chalybea (Dothidea) 605

Chamaeuerii (Asterina) 36

chartarum (Chaetomium) 124

Chelones(Erysiphe) 13

Chenopodii (Phyllachora) 603

chiliopyxis (Coelosphaeria) 247

chionea (Hypocrea) 79

chionea (Melanospora) 121

chlorina (Hypocrea) 88

chlorinella (Calonectria) 113

hlorinum (Glonium) 684

Mi)

ittoroduca (VaUa)., 488

chloromela (Spiueria) 745

chlorospora (Hypocrea) 84

chlorospora (Teichospora) 219

chlorospora (Venturia) 138

chromosperma (Hypocrea) 85

chrysocoma (Byssonectria).... 70

tih/ryBogramma (Thyronectria) 93

chrysomalla (Melanospora).... 122

chrysospora (Pyrenophora).... 349

chrysostoma (Melaneonis) 527

Cichoracearum (Erysiphe) 12

ciliata (Oyptospora) 537

ciliata (Diaporthe) 444

ciliata (Pyrenophora) 348

ciliata (Spharella) 291

ciliatula (Calospha3ria) 512

cincinnata (Venturia) 141

cincta (Valsa) 480

cincta (Valsaria) 542

cinctula (Oyptospora) 534

cinerascens (Hysterium) 675

cinerascens(Hysterographium) 703

cinerascens (Laestadia) 260

cinerascens (Ostropa) 677

cinerascens (Schizothyrium)... 675

cinerea (Ostropa) 676

cinerea (Torrnbia) 61

cinereum (Hypoxylon) 647

cinereum (Melanonima) 182

cingulata (Daldinia) 661

cingulatum (Thyridium) 416

Cimicifugse (Sphaeria) 745

cinnabarina (Nectria) 93

cinnabarina (Sphaerostilbe).... 112

circinans (Didymosphaeria) 333 I

circinata (Uncinula). 17

circumscripta (Valsa) 447 j

circumtegens (La3stadia) 261 j

cirrhosa (Ceratostomella) 198

Citri (Capnodium) 52

Citri (Cryptovalsa) 517

citricola (Diatrypella) 587

citrina (Hypocrea) 85

citrinella (Hypocrea) 87

citrispora (Physalospora) 308

cladophilum (Lophodermiuni) 720

cladosporiosa (Sphaeria) 163

Clarkeana (Pleospora) 335

clausa (Valsa) 478

clavajsporum (Tryblidium) 690

Clavaria? (Rosellinia) 173

clavata (Xylaria) 665

clavatum (Kentrosporium) 62

clamcarpa, (Leptosph&ria) 619

claviceps (Diaporthe) 738

chir if <>rnris (Sphceria) 180

claviger (Ophiobolus) 397

.clavigera (Leptosplneria) 367

clavisporus (Rhopographus)... 619

clavulata (Cordyceps) 61

clavulata (Gnomonia) 326

clavulata ( I'alsrt) 491

clavuligera (Asterina) 43

clavulus (Xylaria)... 667

cleistotheca (Massaria) 404

Clintonii (xVcanthostigma) 155

Clintonii (Uncinula) 15

Clintonii (Venturia) 138

clethrcecokt (Valsa) 555

clopima (Valsella) 518

closterium (Anthostomella).... 422

clypeus (Nummularia) 627

coccicola (Ophionectria) 119

coccinea (Nectria) .... 95

coccineo maculata (Splneria)... 300

coccineum (Hypoxylon) 629

coccodes (Phyllachora) 597

coccophila (Sphasrostilbe) Ill

ccelata (Liestadia) , 257

ccerulea (Winteria) 211

cohajrens (Hypoxylon) 635

collapsa (Sphteria) 747

collapsus (Ophiobolus) 398

collariata (Diatrype) 576

collecta (Dothidea) 613

collematoides (Valsaria) 563

colliculosum (Hypoxylon) 654

colliculus (Valsa) 488

Collinsii (l)imerosporium) 31

colorata (Sptnerella) 277

Columbiensis (Diaporthe) 431

Colutea? (Dothidea) 613

comata (Asterina) 39

comata (Pyrenophora) 349

comatella (Leptosphaeria) 364

combulliens (Didymella) 322

commanipula (Didymella) 320

comata (Asterina) 39

Commonsii (Melanonima) . 182

770

commune (Hypodennu). 710

communis (Eryslhe) 10

commutatum (Hypoxylon) 080

compacta (Cryptospora) 532

compacta (Venturia) 142

complanata (Metasplueria) 384

(wmplanatum (Hyst&Hum) 696

compositarum (Splnerella) 288

compressa (Pleospora) 386

compressum (Acrospermum)... 67

compressum (Lophidium) 234

compta (Cryptospora) 532

Comptonke (Cucurbitaria) 242

Comptoniai (Diaporthe) 436

Comptoniai (Pseudovalsa) 542

Comptoniw (ttphwria') 436

concaviuscula (Dothidea) 612

concentrica (Daldinia) 660

concentrica (Leptosplneria).... 354

coachoides (Lopltioxloma) 230

concolor (Sphouria) 565

concomitans (Spha^ria) 753

concrescens (Diaporthe) 445

concurrens (Hypoxylon) 652

condensata (Fenestella) 546

conferta (Amphisplneria) 206

conferta (Splueria) 607-745

confertissima (Melanopsamma) 177

coitfertula (Splueria) 206

confinis (Sphyerella) 282

conflicta (Linospora) ,. 411

contluens (Cucurbitaria) 241

conflttens (Sphieria) 633

confusa (Anthostomella) 241

confusa (Eutypa) 506

confusa (Uncinula) 19

congener (Diaporthe) 426

congesta (Cucurbitaria) 242

conglobata (Cucurbitaria) ... 239

conglobatum (Dimerosporium) 34

conglomerate (Ascobolus) 686

congregata (Asterina) 44

congregatum (Lophiostoma)... 223

conica (Physalospora) 308

conica (Zignoella) 189

conicola (Sphserella) 279

conicum (Ceratostoma) 191

coniformis (Sphosria) 366

conigena (Nectria) 104

conigena (Sphajrella) 279

conigenum (Hypoderma) 713

Coniothyrium (Leptosph*ria). 861

Coniothyrmm (Sphc&ria) 361

conjungens(Hysterographium) 683

conjuncta ( Falsa) 545

conocephala (Xylaria) 666

conorum (Anthostomella).. 420

Conradii (Diaporthe) 454

conseripta ( Vulxn)..... 476

conseptata (Eutypella) 498

consessa (Leptosplneria) 356

consimile (Myriococcum) 57

consimilis (Ilypocrea) 86

consimilis (Leptosphaiiia) 367

consimilis (Ophiobolus) 394

consobrina (Diatrype) 567

consociata (Wallrothiella) 255

conspersa (Sphairia) 752

conspurcata (Massaria) 401

conspurcata (Valsa) 467

constellata (Eutypella) 498

conforta {Ilypocrea) 79

contort urn, (Hysterium) 683

convergens (Pseudovalsa) 542

convergen,8 (Sphmria) 542

convexula (Splnerella) 278

(Jon coir nil (Ert/xiplii') 10

Cookeiana (Didymella) 318

Cookeiana (Meliola) 46

Cookeianum(llysterographium) 707

Oookei (Calosphau-ia) 509

Oooperta (Valsa) 476

coprophila (Podospora) 129

coprophilum (Hypoxylon) 129

Coptis (Lsestadia) 261

Corallorhizae (Leptosphreria)... 374

Coreime (Cucurbitaria) 241

Corni (Massaria) 404

Corni (Sphatria) 271

cornicola (Valsaria) 741

corniculata (Diatrype) 576

cornifolia (Sphaerella) 271

cornitbrmis (Xylaria) 668

cornigerum (Rhyncostoma).... 196

cornina (Valsa) 478

cornu-damse (Xylaria) 678

cornuta (Diatrype) 568

Cornuti (Didymella) 317

coronata (Valsa) 461

corticata (Ccelosplneria) 247

m

corticiicola (Hypocrea) 83

eorticis (Valsa) 476

corticium (Sphreria) 164

eorylaria ( Spheerella ) 265

Coryli (Chilonectria) 117

Coryli (Gnomonia) 327

corylina (Dothidea) 614

corymbosa (Diaporthe) 434

coryneoides (Valsa) 479

corynephora (Trichosplneria) . . 153

corynostoma (Eutypella) 499

Coulteri (Lasiosplneria) 147

Cratsegi (Cucurbitaria) 240

Cratsegi (Diaporthe) 438

cr&terella (Splmria') 246

crenatum (Lophionema) 237

Crepini (Leptosplneria) 379

crinigera (Chilonectria) 117

crinigera (Diaporthe) 429

crocopeplum (Ilypoxylon) 651

Cruciferarum (Sphserella) 285

crus-galli (Splnerelki) 298

crustaceum (Hypoxylon) 652

crustata (Eutypa) 739

crustosa (Winteria) 212

crustulina (Nectria) 107

cryptica (Diaporthe) 446

cryptocarpa (Meliola) 47

crystallophora (Dothidea) 613

Cubensis ( Dothidea) 597

cubicularis (Sphseria) 578

cubispora (Hypocrea) 88

Cucurbitacearum (La>stadia)... 264

cucurbitula (Chilonectria) 116

cucurbitula (Nectria) 100

cuclonia (Xylaria) 667

ft/lcifella (SpTuvria) 152

r u hit kola (Dothidea) 604

culrnicola (Leptospha3ria) 375

culmifraga (Leptospha?ria) 378

culmigenum (Aylographum)... 679

culmorum (Ilypoxylon) 642

culmorum (Leptosplneria) 369

Cupressi (Physalospora) 304

cupressina (Asterina) 37

cupressina (Melanopsamma)... 179

cupula (Didyinosphferia) 331

cupularis (Cwlosphmria) 245

cupularis (Nitschkia) 245

cupulata (Venturia) 140

Curreyi (Massariella) 405

Curreyi ( Sorda via ) 1 32

carta (Sphceria) 236

Curtisii (Gloniella) 686

Gurtisii ( '.Myviamjium) 620

Curtisii (Nectria) 108

CurtUU (Pleoehacta) 18

Curtisii (Spho&ria) 207

curtum (Lophidium) 236

curvicolla (Gnomonia) 322

curviseta (Venturia) 139

curvula (Sordaria) 130

cuticularis (Rosellinia) 175

cuticulosa (Asterina) 40

cylindrospora (DiaportJw) 536

Cynodontis (Phyilachora) 599

Cypri (Valsa) . 482

Cyrilhe (Glonium) 685

cyrillicola (Zignoella) 188

Dahlia- (Spha-rella) 290

Daldiniana (l)iatrype): 567

Dalibarda? (Phyilachora) 596

Daphnidis (Sphserm) 751

dasycarpa (Melanconis) 524

Dasylirii (Phyilachora) 600

Datisca? (Phomatospora) 310

Daturae (Spha?ria) 756

Dearnessii (Calonectria) 114

Dearnessii (Diatrype) 565-507

decastylum ( Acanthostigma) . 155

decedens (Diaporthe) 438

decidua (Sphserella) 281

decidua ( Falsa) 465

decipiens (Diaporthe) 443

decipiens (Diatrypella) 589

decolorans (Asterina) 40

d( ■ component (Sphwria) 502

Decoraensis (Melanconis) 528

decorata (Diatrypella) 586

dec&rtican8 (Sphozria) 565

decorticans (Valsa) .... 473

decorticata (Amphisplueria)... 202

decorticatum (Ilypoxylon) 638

deerata (Ilosellinia)... 171

defodiens (Metaspha-ria) 389

deformata (Spha-ria) 749

deformis (Amphispha-ria) 202

deformis (Valsa) 468

degenerans (Clithris) 723

delicatula (Valsa) 465

772

dclitescens (Astcrina) 36

dcraatiosa (Sphaeria) 90-744

Demetrionis (Diatrypella) 590

dendroides (Sphaerella) 271

Dendromeconis (Sphaerella)... 281

denigrans (Dothidea) .. ... G05

denigrata (Eutypa) 50C

denigrata (Pleonectria) 115

denotata (Pleospora) 336

densissima (Diaporthe) 4r>4

denudans (Sphaeria) 750

depallens (Nectria) 108

depauperata (Nectria) 106

depazeaeformis (Sphaerella) 288

deplanata (Valsa) 477

depressa (Laestadia) 260

depressa (Pyrenophora) 347

depressa (Sp/ueria) 569

depressum (Hysterium) 695

Desmazierii (Diaporthe) 450

Desmazierii (Hypoderma) 713

Desmazierii (Rosellinia) 165

desmodiana ( Sphcuria) 460

Desmodii (Diaporthe) 460

Desmodii (Dothidea) 254

Desmodii (Sphaerella) 289

detonsa (Sphwria) 174

deusta (Diatrypella) 593

deusta (Eutypella) 489

deusta (Valsa) 489

Dianthi (Pleospora) 335

Dianthi (Sphmria) 746

diaphana (Zignoella) 187

diaporthoides (Pleospora) 342

diatrypoides (Actidium) 685

dichaenoides (Myrmaecium) 551

Dickiei (Venturia) 142

diderma (Rosellinia) 175

didymospo r a (Valsa).... 509

diffusa (Herpotrichia) 158

diffusa (Microsphaera) 24

digitata (Hypocrea) 87

digitata (Xylaria) 669

diminuens (Lophidium) 234

diminuta (Calonectria) 114

Dioscoreae (Didymella) 320

Diospyri (Valsaria) 564

diploa (Nectria) 96

diplocarpa (Nectria) 101

diplodioides (Astcrina) 44

diplospora (Sphaeria) ...

d isciformis ( Diatry pe)

discincola ( Spharia )

discoidea (Diatrypella)

discoidea (Asterina)

discors (Leptosphaeria)

discostoma (Dia trype)

discrepans (Diaporthe)

discreta (Nummularia)

dispersa ( Botryosphceria)

dispersa (Nectria)

disrupta (Phomatospora)

disseminata (Teichospora)

disseminatus ( Opliiobolits)

dissepta (Valsa)

dissiliens (Metasphaeria)

distincta (Massaria)

distributa (Leptosphaeria)

ditissima (Nectria) ,..

ditricha (Venturia)

divergens (Cryptospora)

dolichostomum (Ophioceras)...

Doliolum (Leptosphaeria)

dolosa (Melanconis)

dolosa (Valsa)

dothideaspora (Amphisphaeria)

Douglasii (Didymella)

Drabae (Pleospora)

Dracaenae (Lophodermium)

druparum (Sphferia)

drupivorum (Ceratostoma)

Dryadis (Massaria)

Dryad ix (Splui'ria)

dryophila (JMatrype)

dryophila (Spha'ria)

dryophila (Spluerulina)

dryophil am ( An thostoma)

dumetorum (Leptosphaeria)....

Duru'iil (Dlatvypc)

Durieui (Myriangium)

d a rlssiru a m ( Hypoxylon)

Earliana (Sphaerella)

Eburensis (Diaporthe)

echinata (Cucurbitaria)

eehinata ( Eutypa)

echinella (Ceratostomella)

echinophila (Laestadia)

Eckfeldtii (Melanopsamma)

efligurata (Spluerella)

eftusa (Phyllachora).... ....... .,,..

33f

rm

622

587
37
373
566
448
622
120
103
310
218
393
481
386
401
360
98
137
529
198
355
525
481
202
320
343
718
753
193
403
256
581
747
312
581
357
570
620
640
288
449
240
502
195
263
178
268
603

TT3

effusum (Hypoxylon) 651

elatinum (llysterographium).. 707

datum (Cluetomium) 122

elegans (Phyllachora) 603

elephantina (Diaporthe) 459

elevans (Eutypa) 502

elevata (Cryptovalsa) 517

elevata (Microspbsera) 26

eliminata (Anthostomella) 418

elliptica (Melancohis) 540

elliptica (Sphaeria) 749

ellipticura (Hysterium) 698

Ellisii (Anthostoma) 582

Ellisii (Diaporthe) 433

Ellisii (Dimerosporium) 32

Ellisii ( Tryblidiella) 690

elongata (Cucurbitaria) 238

elongato-compressa (Eutypa).. 506

elongatum (Capnodium) • 50

elongatum (llysterographium) 706

Elyme (E'leospora) 845

emarginata (Gnomonia) 323

emergens (Lasiosplneria) 144

Empetri (Clithris) 724

endoleucum (Myrmsecitim) 551

entaxia (Physalospora) 308

enteroleuca (Oiatrypella 595

enteromelum (Hypoxylon) 631

enteroxantha (Splueria) 743

entomorrhiza (Cordyceps) 60

epicarecta (Leptosplueria) 370

epidermidis (Didymosplueria).. 332

epileuca (Massaria) 402

Epilobii (Dothidea) 615

Epilobii (Liestadia) 261

epimicta (Diaporthe) 439

epiphlceum (Hv poxy Ion) 637

epiphylla (Splueria) 745

epipteridea (Metasplueria) 390

epirrhodium (Hypoxylon) 651

episphoeria (Dothidea) 610

episplueria (Nectria) 108

epixylon (Eurotium) 57

equorum (Hypocopra) 134

etinacea (Valsa) 469

erineophila (Microspluera) 29

eriophila (Spbierella) 282

eriophora (Sphaeria) 348

eriostega (Sphmria) 546'

erosum (Lophiostoma) 223

98

erratica (Physalospora) 306

erubescens (Calonectria) 112

eructans (Anthostomella) 420

erumpens (Sphama) 752

euryasca (Didymella) 733

erysipheoides(Dimerosporium) 33

erysipheoides (Venturia) 141

Erythrinm (Pleospora) 335

erythrinella (Nectria) .*.... 101

erythrospora (Trabutia) 414

Eucalypti (Diaporthe) 431

Eucalypti (Diatrype) 570

Eucalypti (Hypoderma) 712

Eucalypti {Hysterium) 693

Eucalypti (Nectria) 103

Eucalypti (Teichospora) 213

Eucalypti (Valsa) 466

euglossa (Xylaria) 664

eumorpha (Didymella) 321

eumorphum (Hysterium) 695

Eunoti;e (Physalospora) 308

eunotnespora (Wallrothiella)... 254

euomphala (Botryosphairia) 549

euomphala (Nitschkia) 246

Eupatorii (Phyllachora) 602

Euphorbias (Microspluera) 26

Euphorbiicola (Sphajria) 745

euphorea (Sphmrid) 741

euspina (Diaporthe) - 449

eusticha (Diaporthe) 424

Eutypa ( Splunria) 502

Eutypus (Lichen) 502

eutypajformis (Cryptovalsa).... 517

eutypoides (Endoxyla) 520

eutypoides (Leptosphcm'ia) 348

Everhartii (Melanconis) 524

Everhartii (Myriococum) 57

Everhartii (Ophionectria) 118

evulsa (Splueria) 757

exaratum (Hypoxylon) 656

exaridum (Lophodermium) 716

exasperans (Dothidea) 604

exasperaus (Valsaria) 556

excavata (Curreya) 618

excavata (Splueria) 622

excentrica (Gnomonia) 325

excipulans (Sphajria) 747

excipuliforme (Lophiostoma). 222

excorians ( Valsa) 461

excursa (Sphieria) , 750

m

exercitalis (Diaporthe) 459

exigua (Zignoella) 187

exiguum (Hypoxylon) 039

exile (Melanomma) 184

exilis (Ccelosplneria) 247

eximia (Spliceria) 130

expansum (Capnodium) 52

expers (Calosphrcria)... 512

externa ( Microsphmra) 28

externa (Sp7iceria) 420

exutans (Nummularia) 020

exutans (Splnerella) 270

Faberi (Thyridium) 543

fagicola (Calosphoeria) 510

faginea (Splmria) 580

faginea (Diclnena) 720

Fairmani (Pseudovalsa)- ..... 540

fallax (Ceratostoma) 192

farinosa (Cryptospora) 532

farinosa (Diaporthe) 427

Farlowiana (Valsaria) 550

fasciculata (Bombardia) 170

fasciculata (Diaporthe) 440

fastigiata (Xylaria) 008

favacea (Diatrypella) 585

favacea (Sphmia) 540

femoralis (Cryptospora) 534

Fendleri (Hypoxylon) 040

fenestrale (Lophidiuni) 230

fenestrata (Meliola) 48

fenestrata (Nectria) 115

fenestrata (Pyrenophora) 340

fenestrata (Valsa) 543

ferruginea(Linospora) 411

ferrugineum (Melogramrna) 554

fibriseda (Nectria) 110

fibrisedum (Hysterographium) 705

fibritecta (Diatrype) 508

fibritectum (Hysterium) 699

fibrosa (Diaporthe) 426

ficini (Gibberella) 120

Ficus (Botryosphairia) 549

Fieberi ( Chmtomium) 125

filamentosa (Leptospha3ria) 372

filicina (Nectria) 104

filicinus (Rhopographus) 018

filifornais (Xylaria) 670

filisporus (Ophiobolus).... 394

fimbriata (Gnomonia) 327

fimbriata (Leptosphseria) 357

fimetaria (Sporormia) 135

timeti (Byssonectria) 70

fimeti (Hypocopra) 134

fimeti (Perisporium) 56

fimicola (Sordaria) 127

fimiseda (Podospora) 130

fissa (Sphseria) 744

fissicola (Cryptosphaeria) 514

fissurarum (Trichosphseria) 154

flabella (Phyllachora) 001

flabelliformis (Sphceria) (508

flammea (Sphserostilbc) Ill

llavescens (Hypomyces) 76

flavida (Trichosphseria) 152

flavo-compta (Chsetosphajria) . 162

flavovirens (Eutypa) 504

flexuosa (Uncinula) 16

floccosa (Enchnoa) 736

Floridanum (Lophiostonia).... 231

tlorideum (Hypoxylon) - 651

floriforrnis (Valsa) - 465

foedans (Massaria) 735

folliculata (Leptosphseria) 374

foliicolum (Acrospermuni) 67

foliicolum (Ceratostoma?) 192

foliicolum (Lopliodermium) ... 714

formosa (Venturia) 139

formosum (Hysterographium).. 702

foveolata (Rosellinia) 174

Fragarise (Sphserella) 289

Fragariae (Sphaeria) 747

fragiformis (Sphatria) 029

Frangulai {Diatrype) 442

Frangulai (Botliidea) 010

Frangulai (Pleospora) 340

fraxieola (Sphceria) 208

fraxinea (Sphaerella) 267

Fraxini (Cucurbitaria) 239-730

Fraxini (Endoxyla) 521

Fraxini (Hysterographium) 701

Fraxini (Erysiphe) 20

Fraxini (Leptosphaeria) 353

Fraxini (Sphaerella) 268

fraxinicola (Depazea) 259

fraxinicola (Eutypella) 490

fraxinicola (Laestadia) 259

fraxinicola (SphaBrella) 268

fraxinicola (Valsa) 490

Fraxinina (Valsa) 481

friabilis (Diatrypella) 595

m

Fricsii (Melomastia) 208

FHe%U (Microsphcera) 27

Friesii (Valsa) 464

frigoris (Dothidea) 604

frondicola (Sphseria) 746

Frostii (Diatrypella) 593

fructigena (Didymella) 819

fructigena {Dothidea) 604

frustum-coni (Sphceria) 470

fruticola (Otthia) 250

fruticum (Ophiobolus) 397

fulgidus (Ophiobolus) 397

fuliginosa (BotryosphsBria) 54G-744

Fuligo (Capnodium) 52

fulvella (Valsa) 469

fulvella (Xylaria) 666

fulvida (Dialonectria) 118

fulvo-fidcra (Microsphcera) 21

fulvopruinata ^(Valsaria) 561

fumosa (Sphseria) 745

fungicola (Hypocrea) 81

funicola (Zignoella) 187

funicolum (Chastomium) 125

funiculatum (Perisporium) 56

furcata (Meliola).. 46

furfuracea (Diaporthe) 738

fusariospora (Coelosphseria)..... 247

fuscata (Sphajrella) 291

fuscata (Spbasria) 745

fuscella (Leptosphasria) 353

fuscescens (Spbasria) 751

Fnschta (Didymella) 318

fuscopurpureum (Hypoxylon) . 649

fuscum (Hypoxylon) • 633

fuscum (Tryblidium) , 691

fusiger (Hysterium). 697

funsporum (Melogramma) 553

fusisporum (Mytilidion) 689

Galeopsidis (Erysiphe) 13

galericulata (Diaporthe) 438

Galii (Mazzantia) 617

Galii (Nectria) 104

gallse (Sphserella) 298

gallai (Sphaeria) 745

gallophila (Diaporthe)...., 457

gangrama (Homostegia) 616

Gardenia' (Splnerella) 272

Garryse (Thyridium) 415

gastrinum (Anthostoma) 579

Gaultheria1 (Asterina) 42

Gaultheriae (Sphasrella) 276

Gaultherise (Venturia) 142

gelatinosa (Hypocrea) 84

gelsemiata (Physalospora) 303

gemmata (Cryptospora) 537

gemmata (Valsaria).... 562

gemmatum (Hypoxylon) 657

geniculata (Uncinula) 19

Gentiance (Dothidea) 605

Geoglossi (Hypomyces) 72

Geoglossum (Xylaria) 667

Geranii (Diaporthe) 458

Geranii (Physalospora) 303

Geranii (Stigmatea) 313

( forardi (lfystcrograp7rium). . . . 703

Gerardi (Massaria) 405

Gerardiana (Gloniopsis) 708

gigaspora (Leptosphasria) 369

gigaspora (Massaria) 404

gigaspora (Pleospora) 342

gigasporum (Anthostoma) 578

Gladioli (Diaporthe) 453

glandicola (Spbasria) 749

glandiformis (Kosellinia) 170

glandulosa (Eutypella) 491

glauca (Spbasrella) 278

glaucescens (Laastadia) 263

Gleclitschias (Valsaria) 564

globosum Chwtomium) 125

glomiforme (Hypoxylon) 635

glomus (Ophiobolus) 398

glomus (Hypoxylon) 657

gloniopsis (Hysterographuim). 708

Olycineos (Dothidea) 604

glycyrrhiza (Nummularia) 624

glyptica (Diaporthe). 443

Gnomon ( Sphwria) 325

Godini ( Leptosphaeria) 371

goniostoma (Eutypella) 494

Gordonise (Sphserella) , 272

gorgonoidea (Diaporthe) 446

Gossypii (Hyponectria) 71

gossypina (Valsa) 465

gracile (Aylographum) 678

gracilipes (Sphserostilbe) Ill

graminicola (Lsestadia) 263

graminicola (Xylaria) 669

graminis (Erysiphe) 15

Graminis (Phyllachora) 599

Graminum (Aerospermum).... 67

776

Qra/mma (DotMdea) 604

grammodes (Parodiella) 368

grandinea (Anthostoma) 577

grandinea (Valsaria) 503

grandis (Xylaria) 6G9

grandisporum (Capnodium).. . 50

granulata (Sphserella) 287

granalosum (Hypoxylon) 634

graopsis (Melanopsamma) 178

grapbicum (Glonium). 683

graphidca (Botryosphaeria) 549

gregale (Ilypoxylon) 657

gregalis (Valsaria) 562

gregaria (Lsestadia) 257

grisea (Clithris) 724

grisea (Sphaeria) 569

grisea (Valsa).... 480

griseo-tingens (Diaporthe) 448

griseum (Hypoxylon)... 743

Groenlandica (Ilypospila) 413

Grossularia; (Microsphere) *24

Grossu la/rim (Pleospora) 335

Grossulariae (Splnerella)...; 265

grumata (Didymosplneria) 330

gryllotalpse (Cordyceps) 96

guttata (Phyllactinia) 20

Gymnocladi (Pleospora) 335

gyrosa (Endothia) 552

htf3matodes (Lsestadia) 258

Halseyana (Sphceria) 493

hamaspdrus (Opbiobolus) 396

baplocystis (Pseudovalsa) 538

Harknessiana (Lept.ospha>ria) . 360

Harknessii (Curreya) 018

Harknessii (Pleospora) 338

Harknessii (Sphccrella) 287

Jlausmanniana (Leptospbreria) 359

haustellata (Valsa) 739

Haydeni (Ophiodothis) 620

hederaefolia (Metasplneria) 384

Iledwigii (Microsphaira) 27

Helena; (Teichospora) 216

helicicola (Metasphaeria) 383

helioopliilum (Melanomma).... 183

lleliopsidis (Montagnella) 252

beloniaefolia (Leptospbseria).... 376

Jfelcetica (Phmosperma) 582

Hendersonia (Clypeospboeria). 410

herbacea (Diatrypella) 588

hcrbariorum (Eurotium) 57

herbarum (Pleospora) 335

nerbicola (Calosphaeria) 511

herbicola (Spba-ria) 300

hcrculea (Cordyceps) 03

berculea (Sporormia) 135

Hericium (Rosellinia).. 173

heteracantha (Eutypa) 502

heterogenea (Fracchima) 244

Heteromeles (Capnodium) 50

Heteromeles (Lophodermium). '<18

Heteromeles (Meliola) 48

heterospora (Pleospora) 345

beterostomum (Lopbiostoma) . 231

biascens (Antbostoma) 742

biascens (Hysterographium)... 707

Hibisci (Melogramma) 554

Hibisci (Sphaeria) 547-744

bippica (Sordaria) 127

birsuta (Lasiospba3ria); 144

Mrtissima ( Sphozria) 172

bispida (Lasiospha>ria) 145

Hochelaga*- (Diatrype) 574

Hoffmann i ( Stictosphmria) 505

holophwa ( Ghmtosphceria) 101

holoserieea (Microsphmra) 30

Holwayii {Ilypoxylon) 039

It o mostegia ( Spine Ha) 015

borizontalis (Botryosphaeria).... 550

hormospora (Fenestella) 545

horriduht (Erysiphe) 12

Hosackia; (Ditopella) 329

Howeianum (Hypoxylon) 030

Hullensis (Diatrype) 507

bumana (Sordaria) 120

Hamuli (Sphaerotheca) 5

humulina (Zignoella) 188

hyalinum {Hysterographium). 708

hyalinus (Hypomyces) 73

Jiylode* (Valsa) 502

byalospora (Metasphaeria) 390

hyalospora (Pleospora) 330

byalosporum (Glonium) 085

hyalosporutn (Ilysterium) 708

hydnicola ( Sphc&ria ) 05(5

bydnicolum (Hypoxylon) G5G

Hydrangea? (Sphaeria) 220

byperborea (Didymella) 321

byperborea (Leptosphaeria)... . 352

Hyperici (Sphaeria) 744

hypericina (Pbysalospora) 309

m

hypericina (Spliaerella) 272

HypericoruDi (BotryospbsBria). 548

hyphasmatis (Pyrenophora).... 347

hypodermia ( VaUa) 481

liypomycella (Hypocrea).* 88

hypophlcea (Nummularis!) G25

hypoxyloidea (Otthia) 249

Hypoxylon (Hypocrella) 91

Hypoxylon (Xylaria) 672

hysterinum (Tryblidium) 689

hysterioides (Diatrypella) 589

hysterioides (Leptosphseria).... 371

hysterioides (Lophiostoma) 228

hysterioides (Lophiostoma). ... 229

hysterioides (Lophodermium). 714

hysterioides (Ostropa) 677

hysterioides (Xyloma) 714

hystricinum (Cel'atostoma) 194

hystrix (Diaporthe) 443

ianthinum (Hypoxylon) 650

ignobilis (Sphserella) 295

ilicella (Sphserella) 266

ilicinuni (ITypoderraa) 711

Ilicis (Asterina) 38

Ilicis (Dothidea) 609

Ilicis (Physalospora) 302

Ilicis (Sphserella) 266

illitum (Hypoxylon) 654

immersa (Diaporthe) 449

immutabilis (Diaporthe) 459

Impatientis (Sphserella) 286

imperfecta (Clypeosphseria).... 410

implexus (Ophiobolus) 394

imposita (Rosellinia) 164

impulsa (Diaporthe) 428

iiKi'qnalis (Venturia) 138

inaurata (Nectria) 117

incanescens (Sphserella) 267

incarcerata (Leptosphseria) 394

incerta (Didymosplueria) 330

incisa (Sphserella) 294

inclinata (Sphseria) 749

inclinis (Valsa). 483

inclusa (Phyllachora) 598

incommiscibilis (Didymella).... 321

incongrua (Diaporthe) 453

inconspicua (Cryptospora) 537

inconspicua (Sphserella) 282

inconstans (Sphajria) 163-220

incrustans (Amphisphseria).... 201

indistincta(Eutypella) 499

indistincta (Sphserella) 298

infernalis (Enchnoa) 736

inrlata (Teichospora) 219

informis {Diatrypella) 584

infusaria (Nectria) 99

infuscans (Diatrype) 571

infuscans (Metaspheeria) 388

innata (Diaporthe) 444

innumera (Cheetosphseria) 161

innumerabilis ( Valsa ) 489

innumerella (Sphserella) 285

inordinata (Cryptospha3ria).... 515

inquilina (Sphcwia) 450

inquinans (Asterina) 41

inquinans (Massaria) 400

l/t-sculpta (Dothidea) 250

insculptum (Tryblidium) 690

insecura (Teichospora) 214

insidens (Hypoxylon) 653

insidens (Hysterium) 696

insidiosum (Lophiostoma) 232

insignis (Cordyceps) 63

insignis (Hypomyces) 76

insignis (Hysterographium).... 709

insitiva (Valsaria) 555

inspersa (Leptosphseria) 351

inspersum (Melanomma) 183

inspissum (Melanomma) 185

insularis (Sphmria) 265

intercellularis (Didymella) 319

intermedia (Sphseria) 660

intermedia (Sporormia) 135

interspersa (Leptosphosria) 377

interstitialis (Teichospora) 213

intonsa (Sphseria) 748

intricata (Asterina) 38

intricata (Lasiosphseria) 149

inundatorum (Sphseria) 750

inusta (Endoxyla) 520

investiens (Hypoxylon) 654

investitum (Ceratostoma) 193

involuta (Sphseria) 748

Ion-ana (Sordaria) 127

iridicola (Sphseria) 745

Iridis (Sphearia) 746

irregularis (Diatrypella) 594

irregularis (Sphmria) '. 538

isarioides (Cordyceps) 166

ischhostyla (Sphoeria).. 326

?78

Islandioa (Pleospora) 387

Janus (Lcptosplia'iia) 350

Jasmini (Spb»ria) 754

jecorinum (llypoxylon) 050

Jerdoni (SpJum'ia) 233

juglandicola (Eutypella) 495

Junci (Phyllachora) 600

juncina (Didymella) 322

juncina (Leptospba>ria) 309

juncina (Sphaeria) 309

Juniperi (Clithris) 723

Juniperi (Stigmatea) 314

junipericola (Sphreria) 744

juniperina (Laistadia) 262

juniperina (Valsa) 404

juniperinum (Ceratostoma).... 192

juniperinum (Colpoma) 723

juniperinum (Lophodermium). 718

Kalmirc (Dothidella) 006

Kalmia (Hysterium) 099

Kalmia (Leptosphreria) 301

Kalmice (Venturia) 138

Kalmiarum (Splneria) 754

Kalmicola (Depazea) 277

Kansensis (Teichospora) 210

Karlii (Sphwrella) 288

Kellermanni (Rosellinia) 108

Kellermanniana (Diaporthc)... 453

Kelseyi (Cucurbitaria) 238

Kelseyi (Homostegia) 010

Kochii (Teichospora) 218

Krigise (Septoria) 281

Krigire (Sphserella 280

Kunzeanum (Cha3tomium) 125

Kunzei (Podosphcera) 21

Labiatarum (Pleospora) 339

Laburni (Cucurbitaria) 243

lactea (Clithris) 722

lactea (Hypocrea) 83

lactea (Nectria) 110

lactescentium (Sphseria) 756

Lactifluorum (Hypomyces 74

Lactucse (Sphaerella) 292

Lactucarum (Sphaeria 343

lactucicola (Pleospora) 342

lacustris (Metasphaeria) 388

hevigata (Sphaeria) 750

lagenaria (Melanospora) 121

lamprocarpa (Erysibe) 12

lanata (Enchnoa) 730

lanciformis (Pseudovalsa) .
lanestris (Spbserotheca)

Langloisii (Amphispbaria) 205

Langloisii (Caryospora) 210

Langloisii (Cordyceps). 02

Langloisii (Coscbiaria) 09

Langloisii (Dimerosporium).... 33

Langloisii (Lophiostoma) 220

Langloisii (Oomyces) 69

lanosum (Chaetomium) 125

lanuginosa (Ilerpotrichia) 159

Ian a gin osa ( tfordaria) 1 32

Laschii (Valsella) 517

lasioderma (Nectria) 109

lasiostoma (Valsa) 512

lata (Eutypa) 504

latebrosa (Leptospba>ria) 370

latericollis (Melanopsamma) .. 179

later itia (Biatrype) 553

lateritius (Hypomyces) 73

lateritia ( Bph ceria ) 73

lathyrina (Didymella) 320

lalitans (Phyllachora) 002

latizonata (Hypocrea) 79

Lauri Bovrbonuv (Dothidea). 005

laurina (Valsa) 483

Lavaterse (Valsa) 400

laxa (Pleospora) 337-733

Leahna (Eutypella).-. 494

lecanodes (Nectria) 101

Lecythea (Sphaeria) 740

leguminum (Pleospora) 335

leioplaca (Eutypa) 505

leiostega (Metasphaeria) 383

leiphaemia (Diaporthe) 429

leiphaemioides (Valsa) 475

lenta (Hypocrea).... 78

lentaginis (Cryptospora) 530

lenticula (Spbaerella) 271

leonina (Cbaetosplneria) 101

lepidigena (Asterina) 41

lepidigenoides (Asterina) 40

leporina (Poronia) 660

leprosy (Valsa) 501

leplasca (Cryptospora) 532

leptopleura (Sphaorella) 290

leptosperma (Physalospora).... 307

leptostromoidea (Phyllachora). 001

Lespedezie (Phyllachora) 598

Lesquereuxii(llysterographium) 705

779

lencobasis (Anthostomella). .

418

leucocreas (Hypoxylon)

039

leucophsea (Sphserella)

287

leucopis (Cryptospora)

529

leucoplaca (Sordaria)

127

leucorrhodina (Calonectria)..

112

luiicosarca (Diaportbe)

456

leucospila ( Linospora)

412

leucostoma (llerpotricliia)...

159

leucostoma (Valsa)

485

leucostomoides (Valsa)

479

Leucothoes (Laestadia)

258

U ucotricha ( Splicer otheca).. . .

6

librincola (Ilysterium)

G99

1 icb enal is ( Pleospora)

343

lichenoides (Ilypocrea)

87

ligniaria ( Resell inia)

172

Ligusiri (Sphmia)

482

ligustrina (Valsa)

471

lilacina (Sphseria)

757

Umitata ( GlypeosphmiHa)

410

Linderaj (Dotbidea)

614

Linderaj (Valsa)

..470-739

lineare (Glonium)

681

lineare (Lophodermium)

721

lineariforme (Ilysterium)

697

linearis (Sphseria)

745

lineolans (Sphseria)

753

lineolata (Sphserella)

295

lineolatum (Hysterographium]

.696-708

Linkii (Erysiphe)

12

Linnceos Lasiobotrys)

142

Liquidambaris ( Valsa)

471

Liriodendri (Botryosphseria) .

549

Liriodendri ( Diatry pella)

593

Liriodendri (Erysiphe)

10

Liriodendri (Spbajrella)

271

litigiosuni (Microtbyrium)

45

litura) (Aylograpbum)

679

lividum (Tbyridiimi)

4l4

lixivia (Diaportbe)

444

loculata (Daldinia)

662

Loniceraj (Dotbidea)

613

longipila (Chsetosphseria)

162

longirosirw (EutypeUa)

495

Umgispora (Sphwria)

155

lougitudinalis (Cueurbitaria)..

242

Louie era' (Doihidea)

613

Loniceraj (Hysterographium)

709

Loniceraj (Lasiobotrys)

54

Lophanthi (Leptospbajria). .... 365

lopbospora (Didymella) 317

lueens (Aylograpbum) 680

Lucillaj (Leptospbajria) 354

ludibunda (Eutypa) 500

Ludoviciana (Anthostomella). 419

Ludwigia' (Pbysalospora) 304

Lupini (Diaportbe) 457

Lupini (Didymella) 318

Lupini (Valsa) 466

lutea (Pbilocopra) 132

luteobasis (Lasiosphaeria) 147

'luteo virens (Ilypomyces). 72

lutescens (Valsa) 462

Luzulm (Ilypopteris) 599

Luzulse (Sphserella) 295

Lycii (Microsphere) 30

Lyeopodii (Metasphseria) 390

Lycopodii (Sphserella) 299

lycopodiicola (Leptospbajria)... 379

lycopodina (Spbajrella) 299

Lynchii (Uncimda) 18

macilenta (Wallrothiella) 255

Maclurse (Diatrype) 570

Maclurse (Eatypella) 496

Madura; (Leptospbajria) 368

Macluraj (Spbajrella) 274

Maclurce (Valsa) . 496

Macouniana (lioselliiiia) 167

Macounii (Diatrype) 574

macrasca (Zignoella) 188

macrospora (Pleospora) 345

macrospora (Uncinula) 18

macrosporum (Ilysterium) 694

macrosporum (Lopbiostoma)... 222

macrostoma (Endoxyla) 519

macrostomoides (Lopbiostoma) 223

maerostomum (Lopbiostoma)... 221

maerotbeca , ( Metaspbajria) 387

macula (Nummularia) 628

maculans (Venturia) 137

maculare (Hypoderma) 714

macularis (Spbajrella) 274

maculiformis (Sphserella) 265

maculosa (Venturia) 32

magnatum (Lopbiostoma) 226

magnispora (Diaportbe) 430

Magnolise (Anthostomella) 418

Magnoliaj (Diaportbe) 433

Magnolia' (Gnomonia) 324

780

Magnolia (Homostegia) 616

Magnolia (LtBstadia) 259

magnosporum (Hysterium) 094

Mahaleb (VaUa) 484-546

majuscula (Valsaria) 561

Mali (Ceratostomella) 104

Mali (Didymella) 315

Mali (Splujurotheca) 6

malleolus (Hypoxylon) 635

malvicola (Sphssria) 755

mamillana (Clypeosplneria).... 410

mammiformis (Rosellinia) 166

mammoidea (Nectria) 1C6

mammoides (Teichospora) 214

manca (Meliola) 47

manipularis (Diatrype) 576

Manitobiensis (Didymella) 732

Marcyensis (Leptosplueria) 378

marginalis (Diaporthe) 439

marginatum (Hypoxylon) 640

marina (Leptosphaeria) 372

Martini (Saccardia) 53

mastoidea (Trematosphairia)... 208

maura (Eutypa) 505

Maydis (Diaporthe) 452

Maydis (Sphserella) 298

medium (Glonium) 684

medujlaris (Rosellinia) 167

Medusa (Ophiobolus) 395

megalocarpa (Rosellinia) 164

megalospora (Diaportbe) 446

Megarrhizse (Didymella) 318

megastega (Teichospora) 215

megastoma {Diatrype) 491

megastoma (Physalospora)..,.. 305

mela {Spharia) 503

melaena (Spluerella) .. 731

melflleuca (llypocrea) 83

melaleucum (Lophodermium). 715

melanoplaca (Pbyllachora).. .. 600

melanoplaca (8pha3rella) 286

melanosticta (Anthostomella). 418

melanostigma (Wallrotbiella). 254

melanostyla (Gnomon ia) 328

melanotes (Anthostoma) 577

melantera {Spltaria) 410

melasperma (Amphisphairia)... 203

melasperma (Diatrypella) 595

melastroma (Valsaria) 360

melastoma (Valsella) 517

melathroa (Botryosplneria) .... 547

Melia; (Melogramma) 543

Meliloti (Heogpora) 335

melioloides (Chastomium) 126

melioloides (Dimerosporium)... 32

Melogramma { Variolaria) 553

Melolonthae (Cordyceps) 86

meloplaca (Spba3ria). 757

Menispermi (Microspluera) 22

Menispermi (Valsa) 478

meridionale (Lophiostoma) 232

Mertensi* (Leptospbajria) 364

Mescbuttii (Melanconis) 526

mesoedema (Leptosplueria) 365

mesoleuca (Valsa)... 483

Mezerei (Dotbidea) 611

Miclieliana {Splueria) 737

Micbottii (Leptosplueria). 371

microcarpa (Eutypella) 496

microcephala (Claviceps) 60

microdoma (Ceratosplueria) .... 1 98

microloncha (Teichospora) 220

microplaca (Nummularia) 625

micropuncta {Eutypa') 565

microscopica {Leptosphmria)... 369

microscopicum (Microthyrium) 45

microsperma (Calosphaiiia).... 511

microspila (Spine rel la) 285

microspora {Diatrype) 582

microspora (Nectria) 99

microspora (Pleospora) 342

microspora (Valsa)...., 468

microsporum (Anthostoma).... 582

microsporum (Glonium) 682

microstega (Diatrype) 574

microstoma (Valsa) 474

rjfbierodtomum {Lophiostoma)... 223

microtbeca (Calosplueria) 508

microtheca (Spluena). ... 508

mforotheca {Lophodermiitm).... 7J4

militaris (Cordyceps) 62

millegrana (SpJtmria) 169

millepunctata {Cryptospharia) 513

milliaria (Eutypa) 501

miniatum (Hypoxylon) 657

minima (Diatrype) 575

minima (llypocrea) 80

minima (Sordaria) 127

minima (Sporormia) 134

niinima'puncta (Spluerella).... 293

181

minimum (Lophionema)

minor (Antliostomella)

minor (Asterina)

minor (Botryosphseria)

minor (Podosphaera)

minor (Sphserella)

minor (Tryblidium)

minus (Lophidium)

min uta ( Sphceria ) ,

minutella (Physalospora)

minutella ( Valsa)

minutissima (Spb aerella)

minulissima (Wallrotbiella)..

minutum (Rhyncostoma)

m irabilis ( Sphceria)

ni ixkib tit vis ( Spharia)

Missourien =5is ( Diatry pella) . . .

Missoiirienxis (Dothidea)

Missouriensis (Pleonectria)...

Mitchelke (Meliola)

mobilis (Nectria)

modesta (Ohleria)

modesta (Teichospora)

modesta (Valsa)

modonia (Melanconis)

Molleriana (Spine rella)

molliuscula (Hypocrea)

monadelpha (Valsa)

monosperma (Julella) ,

monstrosa (Spbseria)

Montagnei (Apiospora)

Man tagn e I ( Erysibe)

Montaniensis (Ceriospora)

Monlaniensis (Dothidea)

monticulosa (Eutypella)

morbida (Clitbris)

morbosa' (Ottbia)

Morgan i ( 1 1 y poxy Ion )

Mori-albae (Sphseria )

Mori (Ilysterograpbium)

Mori (Valsa)

moricarpa ( Gibbera)

moricola (Dothidea)

nioriformis (Bertia)

morigena (Valsa)

Mori -rubra e (Eutypa)

moi;oides ( Valsaria)

Morsei (Ilypoxylon)

mors uvae (Spba3rotlieca) ,

Mougeotii (Micro splicer a)

99

237

417

41
547

21
284
691
235
105
303
468
273
255
197
323
213
586
604
115

48
110
211
219
467
523
276

89
474
392
749
311

12
391
611
499
723
251
648
747
703
516
244
546
180
487
506
558
638

7*
30

mueida (Sphwria) 150

mucronata (Valsa) 441

mucronata (Xylaria) 669

mucronulata (Diaporthe) 458

mucronatum (Ceratostoma).... 193

Muhlenbergiaj (Dothidea) , 614

Muhlenbergise (SpbaBrella) 297

nuilticeps (Xphmria) 504

multifera (Philocopra) 133

multifida (Xylaria) 667

multiforme (Hypoxylon) 634

multiplex (Valsa) 472

multiplex (Xylaria) 668

munda (Valsa) 469

muricata (Teichospora) 218

murorum (Cluetomium) 123

Murrayi (Diaporthe) 458

Murrayi (Hypoxylon) 635

muscivora (Nectria) 95

mutabilis (Lasiosplueria) 146

mutans (Rosellinia) 167

inutila (Sphceria) 546-744

mycetophila (Nectria) 109

mycogena (Teichospora) 215

mycophila (Rosellinia) 171

myindd ( Valsa) 430

myriadea(8pluerulina) 312

myriangioides (Hypoxylon) 553

Myrica> (Calosphseria) 511

Myricie (Gnomonia) 326

Myricaj (Metasplneria) 382

myrwearpa (Sphceria) 181

Myrrhis (Splueria) 757

Myrtilli ( Sphm-ella) 276

Myrtilli (Venturia) 139

myrtillina (Podospluera) 22

myrtillina (Sphajrella) 277

mytilinum (Lophium) 691

Nardi CLeptosplneria) 376

natans (Hphcetia) 610

naucosa (Cucurbitaria) 240

naviculare (Lophium) 692

naviculars (Sphairia) 755

Nebraska (Didymella) 319

necator(Uncinula) 15

NeiUke (Diaporthe) 454

Nemopanthis (Microsphmra) 27

Nerii (Capnodium) 52

nerfisequia ( Guomoitia) 326

nervisequia (Sphaeria)..... 745

782

nervisequium (Lophodermium) 720

Newfieldiana (Lasiosphseria)... 150

nidulans(Meliola) 48

Niessleana {Massaria) 399

Niesslii (Valsaria) 559

nigerrima (Asterina) 43

nigerrima (Sphseria) 182

nigra (Herpotrichia) 147

nigredo (Sphserella) 272

nigrella (Leptosphseria) 734

nigrescens (Nectria) 100

nigroannulata (Anthostomella) 417

n igroannulata (Diatrypella) .... 585

nigroannulata (Valsella) 518

nigrobrunnea (Sphseria) 220

nigrofacta (Valsaria) 564

nigropurpurea (Sporormiella).. 136

nigrospora {Diatrype) 526

nigrotecta (Anthostomella).. .. 421

nigrum {Hysterium) 722

. nimbosum (Dimerosporium).., 33

niphoclina (Eutypella) 498

n itida { Crypto splicer ia) 313

nitidum (Glonium) ...; 683

Nitschkei (Cryptovalsa) 516

nivalis (Didymella) 318

nivea (Diaporthe) 436

nivea (Valsa) 484

nivosa (Diaporthe) 436

Notarisii (Clypeosphseria) 736

Notarisii (Valsaria) 562

notatum (Hypoxylon) 632

notha (Sphseria) 220

Nova-Caesariense (Hystero-

graphium) 702

nuciola (Hysterium) 699

nucitena {Hypoxylon) • 207

nuclearia (Trematosphaeria),... 207

nucula (Lophiostoma) 729

nuda, (Asterina) 36

nndicolle (Hypoxylon) 657

nudicollis (Valsaria) 565

Nysjffi (Isothea) 412

Nyseae (Valsa) 475

nysssecola (Ceratostomella).... 194

nyssaacola (Sphserella) 273

nysscecola {Sphceria) 194

obducens (Teichospora) 213

obesa {Diatrype) 556

obesum (Hypoxylon) 641

obliquata (Rosellinia) 169

oblivia {Sphwrella) 265

obscura {Aporia) 721

obscura (Diaporthe) 441

obscura (Sphseria) 744

obtecta {Valsa) 482

obtectum (Lophidium) 235

obtusa (Sphseria) 753

obtusata (Sphseria)) 7t>5

obtusissirna (Rosellinia) 169

obularia (N urn miliaria) 624

occidentale (Acanthostigma)... 156

occidentale (Melanomma) 183

occidentalis { Venturia) 156

occulta (Melanconis) 528

ocella (Sphseria) 538-553

ochraceus (Hypomyces) 75

ochroleuca (Hypocrea) 80

ochroleuca (Nectria) 97

ocularia (Diaporthe) 431

odora (Leptosphseria) 351

(Edipus (Poronia) 659

(Enotherse (Physalospora) 309

(Enotherse (Sphserella) 291

offuscata (Nectria) 95

Ogilviensis (Leptosphseria) 363

Ohiense (Hypoxylon) 648

Ohiense (Ophioceras) 198

oleina (Asterina) 43

oleina (Sphserella) 269

oleipara {Sphwria) 413

olericola (Leptosphseria) 357

oligomera (Pleospora) . 341

oligostoma (Sphseria) 470-475

olivacea {Diatrype) 594

olivacea (Hypocrea) 81

olivacea {Leptosphceria) 395

olivaceo hirta (Massaria) 402

olivascens (Sphseria) 752

olivaceum (Chojtomium) 124

olivaceus (Ophiobolus) 395

olivsespora (Leptosphseria) 353

olobapha (Xylaria) 664

oncostoma (Diaporthe) 423

onosmodina (Didymella) 320

Ontariense (Anthostoma) 581

Ontariensis (Diaporthe) 437

ootheca (Coronophora) 513

ootheca (Sphserella) 286

opaca (Diatrypella) 587

operculata (Endoxyla) 5£0

783

opercutata (Sphcwia) 502

operta (Valsa) 482

ophioglossoides (Cordyceps)... 65

ophites (Diaporthe) 457

oppansa (Sphseria) 507

Opuli (Sphwriu) 208

opulifolia (Valsa) 479

Opunti* (Sphserella) 2C9

orbicula (Valsa) 488

orbicula (Venturia) 137

orbiculare (Dimerosporium).... 32

orbiculare (Lophodermium).... 717

orbicularis (Sphserella) 267

orbiculata (Dothidea) 604

ordinata (Winteria) 212

Oreodaplines (Anthostomella). 419

oreophilum (Dimerosporium) . . 32

oriental is (Lsestadia) 257

ornata (Cha3tospha3ria) 162

Oronoensis (Amphisphseria).... 203

Orontii (Physalospora).. 307

Orontii (Sphserella) 294

orthoceras (Diaporthe) 451

orthogramma (Leptospha3ria). 370

orthotricha (Lasiosphseria) 145

Osmundse (Dothidella) 606

ostiolata (Anthostomella) 420

ostiolata (Asterina) 44

ostiolata (Scirrhia) 742

ovalis (Rosellinia) 171

ovata (Gloniella) 687

oviua (Lasiosphseria) 150

ovinum (Hypoxylon) 629

O.validis (Karlia) 288

oxalina (Phyllachora)...., 602

Oxyacanthse (Podosphsera) 21

Oxyrise (Leptosphseria) 359

oxyspora (Diaporthe) 440

oxy stoma (Physalospora) 306

pachyasca (Sphserella) 284

pachyasca (Spliceria) 223

psecilostoma (Melanopsamma). 179

pallida (Hypocrea) 82

pallida (Valsa) 485

pallida (Zignoella). 729

pallidum (Lophionema) 237

pallidum (Hypoxylon) 640

palliolata (Sphseria) 751

palmacea (Didymosphseria) .... 329

Palmetto (TJnospora) 412

Palmetta (Metaspha3ria) 386

palmicola (Meliola) 4*>

paludosa (Sp7ti8reUa) 294

palustris (Cordyceps) 61

Pandani (Physalospora) 307

pandurata (SpJuvrdla) 299

Panici (Phyllachora) 602

Panici (Sphseria) 746

Panicorum (Metasphseria) 389

pannicola (Chsetosphaeria) 161

pannosa (Sphserotheca) 6

pannosum (Chsetomium) 124

pannosus (Hypomyces) 76

Papaveris (Splmria) 335

papaveracea (Pleospora) 345

papilionacea (Sphcoria) 31

papilla (Melanopsamma) 178

papilla (Sphmria) 178

papillata (Amphisphseria) 206

papillosa (Teichospora) 216

papyracea (Hypocrea) 86

papyriferse (Valsella) 519

parallela (Endoxyla) 520

paraneura (Sphwrella) 265

parasitans (Hypocrea) 89

parasitans (Sphseria)... 744

parasitica (Barya) 118

parasitica (Rosellinia) 1C8

parasitica ( Valsa) 509

parasitica (Venturia). 143

parasiticum (Ceratostoma) 19 L

parasiticum (Lophiostoma) 228

parasiticum (Melanomma) 182

pardaliua (Didymosphseria)... 333

pardalota (Sphserella) 266

Parietarise (Leptosphseria) 358

parie talis (Herpotrichia) 157

parmelioides (Asteroma) 414

Parnassise (Didymosphseria).. . 330

Parryi (Endothia) 552

parvicapsa (Chsetosphseria) 162

parvula (Uncinula) 18

parvulum (Glonium) 682

Pastinacse (Sphseria) 757

patella (Hypocrea) 80

patelloides (Asterina) 38

paucispora (Cryptospora) 529

paucitricha (Pyrenophora) 347

paulula (Diaporthe) 436

paulula (Sphserella) 295

784

pauperata (Valsa) 480

pauperatum (I/t/p<>,ry/<>/t) 638

paupercula (Asterina) 87

Pearsoni (Asterina) 42

Peckianum (Hypoxylon) 637

Peckii (Diaporthe) 445

Peckii (Spluerulina) 312

Peokii (Valsaria) 559

Pedicularis (Sphaerella) 283

pedunculata (Xylaria) 673

pelliculosa (Asterina) 37

pelliculosuin (Capnodium) 51

pellita (Pyrenophora) 733

peltata ( Sphmria) 634

penicillata (DotMdea) 605

penicillata (Microsplwra^) 27

penicillata (Podospora) 131

penicillata (Sphaaria) 748

Penicillus (Pyrenophora) 734

peniophora (Trematosphaaria). 208

Pennsylvanica (Cryptospora).. 536

pentamera (Pleospora) 344

pentagona (Eutypella) 499

Peponis (Spbseria) - 745

Peponum (Nectria) 104

perexigua ( Sphmria ) 265

perforata ( Ghmtomella) 156

perforata (Nectria) 102

perforatum (Hypoxylon) 645

pericarpii (iSphseria) 749

perigynicola (Sphseria) 300

perisporioides (DotMdea) 253

permeans (Phyllachora) 601

permunda (Pleospora) 341

perpusilla (Lsestadia) 297

perpusilla {Nectria) 104

persicaria (Xylaria) 671

Persimmons ( Sphmria) 546

personata (Valsa) 423

personatum (Thyridium) 416

pertusa (Trematosphseria) 207

Persoonii ( Quaternaria) 480

Peruviana (Sphserella) 282

pertusa (Trematosphseria) 207

Pteridis (Rhopographus) 618

Peter sii ( Clithris) 723

Petersii (Hypocrea) 88

Petersii (Hypoxylon) 629

petiolicola (Sphoarella) 278

petiolicolum (Lophodermium). 716

petiolophila (Gnomonia)

petiolorum (Sphazria) 325

Pezizse (Nectria) 105

pezizoidea (Venturia) 140

pezizoides (JVummularia) 623

pezizoides (Teiohospora) 218

pezizula (Herpotnchia) 160

Phacelise (Diaporthe) 449

phaeocomes (Pyrenophora) 347

phseospermum (Anthostoma)... 581

pha3ospora (Fenestella) 544

pha3ospora (Chaetospliaeria) ... 160

Phaseolorum (Diaporthe) 460

phellogena (Teichospora) 219

Phellos (Sphierella) . ... 278

phileura (Amphisphaaria) 203

philochorta (Sphaarella) 297

philoprina (Physalospora) 303

phlogina (Sphasrella) 286

Phlogis (Brysiphe) 12

Phlogis (Phyllachora) 603

phlyclosnoides (Physalospora) . 308

pholidigena (Anthostomella)... 420

phomaspora (Diaporthe) 436

phomopsis (Physalospora) 306

Phoradendri (Valsaria) • 563

phormicola (Leptosphasria) 373

phyllogena (Didymosphaaria) .. 331

phyllogena (Hypocrella) 90

Physalidis (Leptosphaeria) 359

phytoptophila (Sphaaro'heca). 9

picaceum (Anthostoma) 578

picastra (Spha3ria) 188

picea (Asterina) 36

picea (Phyllachora) 598

piceum (Hypoxylon) 649

Piggotii (Homostegia) 615

pileatum (Lophiostoma) 224

piliferum (Ceratostoma). 193

pilosa (Trichosphasria) 151

pilulifera (Diatrype) 576

pinastri (Asterina) 39

piaastri (Lophodermium) 721

Pinastri (Microthyrium) 45

pinea (Caliciopsis) 445

Pini (Valsa) 462

Pinorum (Aylographum) 677

Pinsapo (Sphasrella) 279

Pisi (Erysiphe). 10

Pisi (Pleospora) , 335

7S5

pistillariceformis ( Torrubia) .... 61

pithoides (Nectria) 94

Pittospori (Sphserella) 276

placoides (Diaporthe) 451

plagarum (Metasphseria) 382

plagia (Diatrype) 576

planispora (Pleospora) 341

planiuscula (Leptosphseria).... 364

plantaginicola (Sphseria) 299

plantaginis (Asterina) 40

plantarum (Hypoderma) 713

Platani (Amphisphseria) 205

Platani (Eutypella) 494

Platani (Massaria) 403

Platani (Microsphcera) 27

Platani (Sphserella) 270

platanicola (Leptosphseria) 353

platanifolia (Sphserella) 270

plateata (Sphceria) 213

platyplaca (Montagnella) •. 252

platypus (Sphseria) 755

platyroum (Melogramma) 554

platyspora (Pleospora) 344

platystoma (Diatrype) 566

platystomum (Hypoxylon) 649

plumigera (Massaria) 404

pocula {Enslinia) 660

polaris (Leptosphseria) 379

polaris (Physalospora) 305

Polemonii (Phyllachora) '602

polifolia (Sphserella) 273

poliosa (Nectria) 109

polychseta (Uncinula) 18

Polycocca (Splimria) 244

Polygonati (Hysterium) 700

Polygonati (Lsestadia) 264

Polygoni sagittati (Sphseria).... 755

Polygonorum (Sphserella) 284

polymorphs (Xylaria) 665

Polynesia (Anthostoma) 579

polyphragmia (Pyrenophora).. 349

Polypori (Apiospora) 311

polyporinus (Hypomyces) 72

polyporoidea (Hypocrea) 82

polyspermum (Hypoxylon).... 642

polysticta (Didymosphseria) 334

polystigma (Lsestadia) 257

polythalama (Calonectria) 113

pomiformis (Melanopsamma).. 176

pomigena (DotMdea,) 605

Pomona (Leptosphaeria) 354

pomorum (Capnodium) 53

pomorum (Sphoeria) 753

Pontederise (Sphserella) 294

Populi (Diatrypella) 589

Populi (Dimerosporium) 35

populifolia (Sphserella) 267

populina (Cryptosphseria) 513

Porothelia (Melanomma) 184

porphyrogonus (Ophiobolus)... 393

Potentillse (Physalospora) 305

prsecox (Myriococcum) 57

prselongum(Hysterographium) 708

prsemorsum (Lophiostoma) 233

prsestans (Valsa) 486

princeps (Calosphseria) 507

princeps (Fenestella).....; 543

Pringlei (Dothidea) '... 610

Prini (Sphserella) 271

prinicola (Rosellinia) 168

| profusa (Pseudovalsa) 538

prominens (Diatrypella) 592

prominens (Diatrype) 571

prominens (Didymella) 318

prominens (Hysterographium) 705

prominens (Lophiostoma) 224

propagata (Sphceria) 490

propullans (Botryosphseria).... 551

prorumpens (Diatrypella) 595

Prostii (Hysterium) 697

protea (Xylaria) 664

proteiforme (Hysterium) 698

pruina (Gnomonia) 328

pruinatum (Hypoxylon) 639

pruinosa (Sphserotheca) 5

prunastri (Eutypella)......, 492

Pruni (Gnomonia) 328

Pruni (Lophiostoma) 225

prunicola (Valsa) 536

pruniformis (Teichospora) 216

pseudomacrostomum (Lophi-
ostoma) 225

pseudotrichia (Sphserostilbe)... 115

pseudo umbrina(Amphisphseria) 205

pteridicola (Didymella) 321

Pteridis (Hysterium) 700

Pteridis (Phyllachora) 601

Pteridis (Rliopographus) 618

Pteridis (Sphserella) 299

pubens (Sphseria) 744

puccinioides (Capnodium).. 53

786

pugillus (Sphseria) 470

pulchella (Sphceria) 522

pulchella (Valsa) 507

pulchella (Venturia) 137

pulchelloidea (Calosphseria).... 508

pulchra (Massaria) 402

pulchra (Microsphcera) 27

pulchra (Selinia) 68

pulchriseta (Trichosphseria) 151

pulchrum (Dimerosporium).... 31

pulicare (Hysterium) 692

pulicaris (Gibberella) .• 120

pullula (Valsa) 472

pulveracea (Rosellinia) 169

pulveraceum (Lophiostoma).... 230

pulviniceps (Anthostoma) 578

pulviscula (Zignoella) 186

pulvis-pyrius (Melanomma).... 181

punctata (Poronia) 659

punctiformis (Sphserella) 265

punctostoma (Valsa) 432

punctulata (Metasphaeria) 387

punctulata (Nummularia) 627

punctum (Sphaeria) 745

punicea (Nectria) 97

pupula (Massaria) 735

purpurea (Asterina) 43

purpurea (Claviceps).. 59

purpurea (Valsaria) 559

purpureo-fusca (Rosellinia) 1-64

parpureum (Cleistosoma) 729

pusilla (Sphserella) 296

pusillum (Chaetomium) 123

pusio (Valsa) 472

pustula (Hypospila) 413

pustulans (Pleospora) 339

pustulans (Valsaria) 557

pustulata (Asterina) 41

pustulata (Botryosphceria) 546

pustulata (Cryptovalsa) 516

pustulata (Diaporthe) 438

pustulata (Valsa) 479

putaminum (Caryospora) 209

puteana (Leptosphaeria) 368

pygmaea (Teichospora) 217

pyraniidalis (Sphaeria) 758

pyrenopezizoides( Leptosphaeria) 558

Pyri (Massaria) 401

pyriospora ( Sphairia 546

pyrina (8pha3rella) 275

Pyrolae (Sphserella)...

Pyrola3 (Sphaeria) 746

quadrangulata (Sphserella) 274

quadrata (Diatrype) 556

quadratum (Hypoxylon) 631

quadrifida (Eutypella) 499

quadrinucleatum( Lophiostoma) 225

quadriseptata (Pleospora) 338

quaternata (Valsa) 480

quercetis (Amphisphaeria) 205

quercetis (Zignoella)... 187

quercicola (Otthia) 250

quercifolia (Physalospora) 305

quercina (Clithris) 722

quercina (Diatrypella) 583

quercina (Dichaena) 725

quercina (Microsphaera) 28

quercina (Saccardia) 53

quercina (Sphaeria) 540

quercina (Trabutia) 414

quercinum (Aylographum)... . 678

quercinum (Capnodium) 53

quercinum (Erysiphe) 28

quercinum (Rhytisma) 414

Quercuum (Sphceria) 546

querna (Valsa) 484

Rabenhorstii (Cryptovalsa) 516

racemula (Diaporthe) 460

radiata (Diatrype) 573

radicalis (Cucurbitaria) 243

radicalis (Dothidea) 604

radicalis (Endothia) 552

radicans (Lophiostoma) 229

radicum (Sphceria) 470-475

radula (Eutypella) 498

ramincolum (Melanomma) 185

ramosa (Pyllachora) 603

ramosum (Hypoxylon) 644

ramularis (Asterina) 40

ramularis (Diatrypella) 588

ramulicola (Leptosphaeria) 351

ranella (Sphceria) 174

Ranunculi (Leptosphaeria) 360

Ranunculi (Stigmatea) 314

raripila (Eriosphceria) 176

Rattus (Rosellinia) 174

Rauii (Didymella) 316

Raveneliana (Diaporthe) 429

Ravenelii (Acrospermum) 68

Ravenelii (Cordyceps) 62

787

Ravenelii (Cucurbitaria) 730

Ravenelii (Glonium) 684

Ravenelii (Hypocrea) 90-553

Ravenelii (Hypoxylon). 655

Ravenelii (Microsphsera) 23

Ravenelii (Sphaerella) 266

recedens (Didymella) 315

recessa (Melanopsamma) 179

recondita (Diaporthe) 448

recutita (Metasphaeria) 389

referciens (Valsa) 500

relicina (Pyrenophora) 348

repanda (Nummularia) 622

reticulatum (Aylographum).... 678

Rexiana (Nectria) 110

Rhacodium (Lasiosphaeria) 144

Rhacodium (Sphceria) 144

Rhamni (Capnodium) 50

Rhamni (Didymosphseria) 330

Rhenana (Herpotrichia) 157

rhizina (Valsa) 473

rhizogena (Botryosphaeria) 550

rhizogena (Nectria) 100

rhizophilum (Lophiostoma).... 225

rhodina (Physalospora) 303

Rhododendri (Lophoderminm) 717

rhodomela (Rosellinia) 165

rhodomphala (Sphmria) 158

rhodospila (Herpotrichia) 159

rhodostoma (Pleomassaria) 406

rhoina (Diaporthe) 424

rhoina (Winteria) 212

Rhois (Diatrypella) 591

Rhois (Dothidea) 604

Rhois (Hysterium) 699

rhopalodes (Xylaria) 664

rhuina (Spha3ria) 751

rhuiphila (Valsa) 470

rhyncospora (Rosellinia) 174

rhytismoides (Lsestadia) 256

ribesia (Diatrypella) 591

ribesia (Dothidea) 611

ribesia (Valsa) 466

Ribis (Cucurbitaria) 242

Ribis (Pleonectria) 115

riccioides (Rhytisma) 414

Richardsoni (Hypocrea) 86

rigida (Parodiella) 39

rimicola (Calosphoeria) 509

rimincola (Hysterium) 700

rimincola (Nectria) 107

rimosa (Sphmria) 378

rimularum (Metasphaeria) 386

rivulosa (Eutypa) 503

Robergeana (Diaporthe) 438

Robertiani (Stigmatea) 313

Robinim (Dothidea) 604

Robiniae (Valsaria) 560

Rosae (Laestadia) 269

Rosae (Sphaeria) 750

Rosarum (Valsa) 461

rosella (Byssonectria) 70

rosellus (Hypomyces) 74

roseola (Diatrype) 570

foseotinctum (Lophionema).... 237

rosigena (Sphaerella) 269

rostellata (Diaporthe) 456

rostrata (Ceratostomella) 195

rostrispora (Anthostomella).... 421

Rousseliana (Leptosphaeria).... 376

Roussellii (Diatrypella) 583

Rousselii (Hysterographium) . . . 703

rubefaciens (Ceratostoma) 190

rubefaciens (Nectria) 108

rubefaciens (Sphmria) 190

rubella (Sphaerella) 292

rubella (Spharia) 393

rubescens (Lasstadia) 259

Rubi (Hypoderma) 711

Rubi (Valsa) 461

rubicarpa (Nectria) 97

rubicola (Asterina) 35

rubicunda (Leptosphaeria) 360

rubicunda (Sphaeria) 757

rubida (Metasphaeria) 380

rubiginosum (Hypoxylon) 645

rubiginosum (Melanomma) 185

rubincola (Valsa) 473

ruboidea (Sphaeriii) 54

Ruborum (Sphaeria) 752

rubrotincta (Leptosphaeria) 367

rubrum (Polystigma) 69

ruf'a (Hypocrea) 78

rufescens (Angelina) 686

rufescens (Valsa) 470

rufilabruni (Hypoderma) 712

rufoviride (Hypoxylon) 84

rufulum (Tryblidium) 690

rugiella (Eutypella) 493

rugodisca (Homostegia) 016

788

rugosa (Sphceria) 180

rugosum (Hysterium) 726

rugulosa (Ohleria) 211

rugulosa (Ostropa) 676

rugulosum (Hysterium) 698

rutnpens (Nummularia) 626

Russellii (Microsphaera) 23

Russellii (Nectria) 94

Russellii (Sphceria) 31

rutila (Valsa) 530

sabelensioides (Anthostomella) 421

sabalensis (Metasphaeria) 388

sabalicola (Leptosphaeria) 368

sabalicola (Venturia) 143

sabaligena (Sphaerella) 292"

sabaligera (Leptosphaeria) 368

sabalina (Eutypella) 497

Saccardiana (Diaporthe) 428

Saccardiana (Pleospora) 339

Saccardioides (Venturia) 154

sacculus (Sphaeria) 744

Sagraeana (Camillea) 663

salebrosa (Amphisphaeria) 202

salicella (Diaporthe) 435

saliclcola (Sphserella) 274

salicina (Melanconis) 525

salicina (Valsa) 477

salicina (Valsaria) 560

salicinum (Capnodium) 49

Salicis (Diaporthe) 435

Salicis (Uncinula) 19

Salicornise (Sphaerella) 281

Salsolae (Pleospora) 346

salviicola (Diaporthe) 450

samara? (Hysterium) 700

samarce (Pleospora) 335

samara? (Spha3ria) 754

Sambuci (Dothidea) 610

Sambuci (Hysterium) 700

Sambuci (Nectria) 94

Sambuci (Pleospora) 338

Sambucina (Pseudovalsa) 539

sambucina (Sphserulina) 312

sambucivora (Diatrype) 573

sanguinea (Clypeospha3ria) 409

sanguinea (Meliola) 47

sanguinea (Nectria) 102

Sapindi (Sphaerella) 274

saprophilam (Anthostoma) 583

saprogena (Amphisphmria).... 201

sarcocystis (Pleospora)

sardoa (Sphseria) 203

sarmenti (Didymosphseria) 331

Sarraceniae (Sphaerella) 291

Sartwellii (Valsa) 538

Sassafras (Diatrypella) - 588

Sassafras (Gnomonia) 328

Sassafras (Hypoxylon) 641

Sassafras (Lophium).... 692

Sassafras (Sphaerella) 275

Sassafras (Sphceria) ... 641

Saubinetii (Gibberella). 120

scabriseta (Calosphaeria) 475

scabriseta (Sphceria) 512

scabrosa (Eutypa) 740

scapincola (Sphseria) . 756

scapophila (Leptosphaeria) 377

scelestum (Lophiostoma) 223

Scheidermeyeriana (Herpotri-

chia) 159

Schweinitzii (Capnodium) 51

Schweinitzii (Hypocrea) 79

Scirpi lacustris (Sphaerella).. .. 296

scirpinum (Hypoderma) 712

Scirporum (Sphseria).... 745

sclerotidea (Stigmatea) 314

Sclerotium (Sphseria) 752

scoparia (Eutypella) 495

scopula (Acanthostigma) 154

scoriadea (Massariella) 406

Scrophularice (Lophiostoma)... 233

scruposa (Xylaria) 668

scutellaeformis (Hypocrea) 80

scutula (Dothidella) 606

secreta (Cryptosphseria).... 514

segna (Didymella) 316

segregata (Melanopsamma)... . 180

seiriclia (Massaria) 538

semen (Metasphseria) 380

semiimmersum (Hypoxylon) . 656

semiinsculpta (Diaporthe) 452

seminata (Dothidea) 253

seminis (Melanomma) 183

seminuda (Trematosphseria)... 209

semitecta (Massaria)., 402

semitosta (Microsphaera; 25

sentina (Sphserella) 275

sepelibilis (Anthostomella) 417

sepincola (Metasphseria) 380

sepium (Mazzantia) 617

septorioides (Sphaerella) 275

789

Sepulta (Eutypa) 507

Sequoia' (Acaotfaostigma) 156

Sequoiae (Stigmatea) 314

Sequoiae (Zignoella) 188

seriata (Masaariella) 400

seriata (Otthia) 251

serpens (Hypoxylon) 658

serrulata (Didymospbaeruv) 332

serrulata (Spbaerella) 298

Sesbaniae (Spb®rella) 290

setacea (Qnomonia) 320

setigerum (Ceratostoma) 190

setosa (Cucnrbitaria) 240

setosa (Sphaeria) 103

sexnucleatum (Lophiostoma)... 220

sexnucleatum (Lopbiostoma).. 230

SbepberdiaB (Cucurbitaria) 241

Shepberdiae (Pleospora) • 343

Sibirica (Spbaerella) 285

sicyicola (Spbaerella) 289

stgmoidea (Pseudovalsa) 541

Silenes-acaulis (Leptospbaeria) 539

Silpbii (Sphaeria) 745

simillima (Parodiella) 254

simu.lans (Glonium) 083

Simula /is (Sp7wBrella) 205

siparia (Pleomassaria) 407

smilacicola (Diatrype) 571

smilacicola (Dothidea) 015

smilacicola (Sphaeria) 747

smilacicolum (Hypoxylon) 042

smilacinina (Antbostomella)... 419

smilacina (Sphaerella) 292

Smilacis (Didymella) 732

Smilacis (Hysterographium).... 709

Smilacis (Microthyrium) 45

Smilacis (Nectria) 110

sobolifera (Cordyceps) 05

socia (Pleospora) 335

sociata (Diaportbe) 435

solans (Trichosphaeria) 152

solenostoma (llypocrea) 84

solidaginea (Spbserella) 289

Solidaginis (Dothidea) 399

Solidaginis (Ophiobolus) 398

solitaria (Teicbospora) 214

solnta (Sphceria) 188

sordida (Vjjlsa) 477

sorgopbila (Leptosphaeria) 370

spadicea (Erysiphe) 12

sparsa (Cryptovalsa) 515

spdrsa (Diaporthe) 445

sparsa (Sphcerella) 205

sparsum (Myriococcum) 58

Spartii (Cucurbitaria) 243

8 part id ae (Dimerosporium) 34

Spartina' (Leptosphaeria) 375

Spartina' (Spbaerella) 297

spermoides ( Lasiophaena) 148

spluvrellula (Didymella) 310

splueriaceum (Ilysterium) .... 094

spluerincola (Rhyneostoma).... 197

sphaerioides (Ostropa) 070

Spluerocepbala (Splueria) 754

sphaeroidea (Dotbidella) 608

spluerioides (Lopbodermium). . 715

sphceroideum ( Gapn odium) 49

splueriostomum (Hypoxylon).. 057

spluerospermum (Cluetomium) 123

spluerospora ( Diatrype) 575

sphcerospora (Nectria) 117

spluerospora (Sordaria) 128

Spbagni (Lizonia) 302

sphendamnina (Diaporthe)..... 444

sphinctriita (Sphasria). 476

sphingum (Cordyceps) 04

spiculosa (Diaportbe) 447

spina (Ceratostoma). 194

spina (Diapoitbe) 455

spinicola (La'stadia) 200

spiniferum (Melanomma) 184

spiniferum (Melogramma) 741

spinosa (Eutypa) 500

spinosum (Acanthostigma) 150

Spirseae (Lopbiostoma)....,. 232

spiralis (Uneinula) 15

spissa (Diatrypella) 592

spleniata (Spbaarella) 275

spondylinum (Hypoxylon) 657

spongiosa (Scorias) 55

sporadicum (Melanomma) 186

Sporoboli (Leptosphaeria) 376

Bpodiaea (Melaneonis) 528

Spraguei (Melogramma) 555

spurca (Asterina) 44

squalidula (Wallrothiella) 255

squamnta (Metaspluvria) 384

squamulatum (Melanomma).... 184

squamulosa (Nectria) 104

Stapbylea3 (Sphaeria) 299

7&0

Staphylina (Diaporthe) 737

staphylina (Metasplumn) 383

staphylina (Ottilia) 251

slapliylina (8ph»rella) 268

staphylinus (Ophiobolus) 397

Steironematis (Leptosplueria). 359

Stellaria> (Leptospheeria) 359

Stellarinearum (Sphaerella) 258

stellulata (Eutypella) 489

stellatum (Gloniuin) 681

stemmatea (Sphaerella) 730

stenostomum (Lopliiostoma)... 226

stenotheca (Metasphaeria) 387

stereicola (Leptospheeria) 184

Stereorum (Hypocrea) 81

sterilior (Hypocrea) 89

sticta (Leptospheeria) 375

stictisporus (Ophiobolus)..., 395

stictoides (Leptosphaeria). 362

stictoideum (Hysterium) 700

stictostoma (Diaporthe) 432

stictostoma (Leptosphaeria) 362

stigma (Diatrype) 565

stigmateum (Hypoxylon) 651

stigmatodes (Laestadia) 258

stilbostoma (Melanconis) 522

stilbostoma (Valsa) 535

stipata (Dothidea) 604

stipata (Sphmria) 481

stomatica (Botryosphaeria)...... 548

stomatophora (Asterina) 41

Straminis (Leptosphaeria) 374

striata (Leptosphaeria) 362

striata (Podospora) 131

stricta (Ceratostomella) 195

strigosa (Lasiosphaeria) 149

struQiella (Diaporthe) 425

strumosa (Dichaena) 726

stuppea (Lasiosphaeria) 150

Stygium (Hysterographium)... 706

stylophora (Cordyceps) 61

stylospora (Pseudovalsa) 539

subaffixa (Sphceria) 567

subapiculata (Nummularia) 625

subaquilura (Myrmaecium) 552

subbullans (Sphaeria)...* 299

subcaespitosa (Leptosphaeria)... 363

subcarnea (Hypocrea) 83

subchlorinum (Hypoxylon) 646

subclypeata (Valsa) 485

8ubeoeeinea {Nectria) 95

subcollapsa (Trematosplueria). 208

subconcava (Nummularia) 623

subcontluens (Aylographum).. 679

subconrluens (Splueria) 744

subcongregata (Fracchiaea)..... 244

subcongregata (Sphaerella) 290

subcongrua ( Diaporthe) 425-737

subconica (Leptosphaeria) 356

subconnata (Botryosphaeria)... 550

subconnata (Sphaeria). 244

subconvexa ( tiphwria) 244

subcortical (Hypsotheca) 199

subcorticalis (Trichosphaeria)... 153

subcutanea (Metasphaeria) 381

subcuticulars (Oalosphaeria) ... 509

subcyanea (Asterina) 42

subexserta (Didymella)..... 319

subfasciculata(Melanopsamma) 177

subferruginea (Diatrype) 572

subfulva (Diatrypella) 594

subfusca ( Uncinula) 15

subglobata (Diatrypella) 584

subiculata (Rosellinia) 165

subiculosa (Amphisphmria).... 158

subiculosum Hypoxylon) 165

sublanosa (Lasiosphaeria) 146

sublobata (Hypocrea) 89

subluteum (Hypoxylon) 648

submoriformis (Bertia) 181

submoriformis (Sphaeria) 574

suborbiculare (Hypoxylon).... 638

subpyramidata (Diaporthe).... 448

subrufum (Ceratostoma) 192

subrugosum (Hysterographium) 702

subrugosum (Lopliiostoma).... 228

subscripta (Valsa) 469

subsimplex (Physalospora).. . . 309

subsolitaria (Physalospora) 309

subtecta (Eutypa) , 514

subterranea (Xylaria) 670

subulatum (Ceratostoma) 191

subulatus (Eleuiheromyces).... 93

subvelutina (L,asio sphceria). ... 155

subvestita (Zignoella) 189

subviridis (Hypocrea)- 89

succenturiata (Nummularia) .. 263

sudans (Massariovalsa) 408

suffulta (Phyllactinia) 20

suffusa (Cryptospora) 533

791

sulcatum (Melanomma) 183

suleigena (Sphseria) 757

sulphurata (Nectria) 105

sulphurea (Diaporthe) 442

sulphurea (Hypocrea) 82

sulphurea (Nectria) 105

Sumachi (Sphseria): 744

superflcialis (Cordyceps) 65

superflcialis (Fenestella) 544

super flua (Sphcerella) 299

Surculi (Sphseria) 749

surrecta (Sphceria) 224

sustentum (Anihostoma) 579

sycnophila (Gloniella).. 687

Symphoricarpi (Microsphaera). 24

Symphoriparpi (Ottilia) 249

sycnophila (Gloniella) 687

syngenesia (Diaporthe) 442

Syringm (Erydphe) 27

Syringse (Hysterographium)... 701

Sy ring OB ( Sphceria) 546

tageticola (Sphseria) 757

taleola (Diaporthe) 440

lamaricu (Dothidea) 54C-610

Tamaricis (Leptosphaeria) 350

taphrina (Teichospora) 217

tarda (Ophiodothis) 620

Tassiana (Sphcerella) 293

taxicola (Leptosphseria) 354-734

Taxodii (Sphserella) 280

tecta (Diaporthe) 426

tecta (Sphseria) 754

tegillum (Hypomyces) 76

tenebrosa (Didymosphseria).... 333

tenella (Asterina) 39

tenella (Gnomonia) 323

tenella (Sphseria) 751

tenera (Leptosphseria) 363

tentaculata (Xylaria) 665

tenuis (Meliola) 45

tenuis (Phyllachora) 598

tenuissima (IH&trype) 565

tenuissima (Sphseria) 755

Tephrosise (Leptosphaeria) 354

teres (JTypoxylon) 636

teres (Hysterium) 694

tessella (Diaporthe) 441

tessera (Diaporthe) 441

Tetonense (Melanomma) 183

tetraploa( Valsa) 489

tetraspora (Dothidea) 613

Texensis (Melanopsarama) 180

Texensis (Pseudovalsa) 541

Thalictri (Leptosphseria) 353-734

Thalictri (Lizonia) 731

Thalictri (Splnerella) 288

Thapsi (Lophiostoma) 227

thelebola (Melanconis) 523

thelena (Rosellinia) 166

Thujas (Lophiostoma) 226

Thujse (Valsa) 482

thujana (Nectria) 106

Thujarum (Hysterium) 695

thujina (Ampbisphaeria) 204

thujina (Hypsotheca) 199

Thuemeniana (Pleospora) 337

thuriodonta (Pleospora) 337

thyoidea (Spheeria) 546

tigrinans (Sphseria) 299

tiliacea (Melanconis) 524

Tihse (Cryptospora) 533

Tilise (Hercospora) 525

Tilise (Massariella) 405

tinctor (Nummularia) 627

tinctum (Rhyncostoma) 197

tingens (Sphseria) 749

tingens (Lophidium) 235

Tini (Leptosphseria) 351

Titan (Pseudovalsa) 538

Titan (Xylaria) 666

Tocciseana (Diatrypella) 584

tomentella (Cryptospora) 534

tomentosus (Hypomyces) 77

tortile (Mytilidion) 688

tortilis (Erysiphe) 11

tortuosa (Valsa) 447

torulsespora (Leptosphseria).. .. 366

tosta (Trabutia) 414

tortuosa (Diaporthe) 445

Toxici (Valsa) 467

trarnes (Trichosphseria) 153

transforman* (Hypomyces).... 76

translucens (Valsa) 487

transcersalis (Sphwria) 169

transversum (Hypoxylon) 644

tremellicola (Hypocrea) 85

tremelloides (Nectria) 101

tremellophora (I)iatrype) 575

tribulom ( Valsa) 542

trichispora (Cryptospora) 535

•702

triehisporus (Ophiobolus) 394

tricbopbila (Spluerella) 288

tricbostoma (Pyrenophora).... 733

trichota (Rosellinia) 172

tridactyla (Podospluera) 22

Trifolii (Phyllachora) 597

trimera (Leptosphceria) 371

trina (Ery siphe) 14

triseptatum (Lophiostoma) 224

tristis (Nitschkia) 246

trnncata (Nectria) 102

truncata (Valsa) 472

truncatulum (Hysterium) 693

tryblidioides (Glonium) 681

tuba (Capnodium) 52

tuba? form is (Gnomonia) 323

tuber xulata (Diatrypella) 584

tuberculifera (Winteria) 212

tuberculiformis (Doth idea) 613

tuberculosa (Diaporthe) 433

tuberculosum (Anthostoma)... 582

tubericola (Hypomyces) 77

tuberiformis (Hypocrella) 90

Tubulina (Bolinia) .\. 658

tubulosa (Pseudo valsa) 542

Tulasnei (Xylaria) 673

Tulipifeise (Sphieria) 747

tumefaciens (Montagnella) 253

tumida (Diatrype) 567

tumidula (Calospbaeria) 511

tumidula (Eutypella) 497

tumidum (Lophodermium) 715

tumorum (Cucurbitaria) 243

tumulata (Amphisphseria) 204

tumulata (Diaporthe) 447

tunkatd (SpJuvria) 660

turbinulatum (Hypoxylon) 636

turgidulum (Tryblidium) 691

turgidum (Aothostoma) 580

turritum (Lophiostoma) 222

Typhse (Didymosplueria) 332

Typhse (Sphsereila) 293

Typharum (Leptosplneria) 372

typhina (Epichloe) 91

typhinum (Lophodermium) 720

uda (Spliairia) 520

udum (Hypoxylon) 656

ulmaria (.Spharia) 607

ulmatieolor (Rosellinia) 170

ulmea (Dothidella) 608

Ulmi (Dothidella) 607

Ulmi (Massaria) 408

Umbellatarum (Diaporthe) 789

Umbellularise (Nectria) 103

Umbellularice (Sphterella)....... 272

umbilicata (Cucurbitaria) 241

umbilicata (Cryptospora) 531

umbonata (Teichospora) 215

umbrina (Amphispha3ria) 205

umbrinella (Rosellinia) 171

itnchtlata (tfphmria) 565

Utahensis ( eptosphseria) 361

uvaespora (Physalospora) 307

Uvae sarmenti (Splueria) 546

Vaccinii (Clithris) 725

Vaccinii (Dothidella) 607

Vaccinii (Gibbera) 248

Vaccinii (Miciosphsera) 25

Vaccinii (Sphsurella) 276

Vaccinii ( SphmHa ) 1 39

Vacciniicola (Spha3ria) 754

vagabunda (Leptospha3ria) 358

vagabundum (Lophiostoma)... 229

vagans Cucurbitaria) 544

vagans (JSrysiphe) 20

vagans (Fumago) 49

ruijans (Melogramma) 553

vagans (Pleospora) . 344

vagum (Aylographum; 677

Vahlii (Leptosphairia) 362

valsarioides (Thuemenia). 550

VanBruntianus (ITypomyces). 71

VanBruntiana (Microsphere) 24

VanVleckii (Botryosphaeria)... 549

variabile (Hysterographium)... 704

variabile (Lophiostoma) 227

variegatum (Hypoderma) 712

variolaria (Valsa) 468

variolosa (Diatrypella) 592

varium (Glonium) 683

vasculosa (Cryptospora) 530

velata (Diaporthe) 455

vclata (Pleospora) ■ 339

velatum (Glonium) 684

velutina (Eutypa) 503

ve\utinum (Cha>tomium) 124

venenata (Dothidea) 546

ventriosa (Yal&a) 489

venusta (Eutypella) 493

vepris (Diaporthe) 456

793

Vera Cruris (Hypoxylon). 631

Verbasci (Hysterographium)... 708

Verbasci (Schizothyrium) 675

verbascicola (Sphaerella) 283

Verbena (Erysiphe) 12

Vermicularia (Lasiosphaeria).... 148

verraisporum (Lophionema).... 237

vernicosa (Daldinia) 661

verruciformis (Diatrypella).... 584

Verrucaria (Melanomma) 729

verrucoides (Diatrype) 568

verrucosa (Nectria) — 96

rersipellis ( Sphceria ) 662

versisporum (Hysterium) 695

versisporus (Ophiobolus) 397

vestita (Fenestella) 544

vestitura (Lophiostoma) 229

vetusta (Teichospora) 216

vexata (Cryptosphaeria) 514

vibratilis (Calosphaeria) 740

Viburni (Botryosphaeria) 548

Viburni (Microsphaera) 27

Viburni-dentati (Dothidea) 604

vilis (Teichospora) 217

virens (Thyronectria) 92

virescens (Dialrype) 569

Virginica (Sphceria) 364

virgultorum (Hypoderma) 711

viridella (Leptosphaeria) 356

viridialra (Sphaeria) 748

viridicoma (Lasiosphaeria) 146

viridirufa (Ilypocrea) 84

viridis (Hypomyces) 72

viridulum (Acrospermum) 67

ri.srosa (Sphceria) 546

viticola (Diatrype) 562

viticola (Nectria) 103

viticola (Valsaria) 562

viticolum (Hysterographium). 703

vitigera (Valsa) 471

Vitis (Diatrypella) 590

Vitis (Eutypella) ... 490 j

Vitis (Valsa) 471 J

vitrispora (Pleospora) 336 I

Vizeana (Didymosphaeria) 334 |

vomitoria (Massaria) 400

vorax (Dothidea) 91

vulgare (Perisporium) 55

vulgaris (GnomoDia) 325

vulgaris (Nectria) 98

vulgaris (Pleospora) 339

vulgaris (Ustulina) 662

vulpina (Nectria) 103

vulvatum (Hysterium) 695

vulvatum (Hysterographium).. 705

Wallrothii (Hysterium) 697

Walterianum (Hypoxylon) 562

Webberi (Diatrype) 570

Wellingtoniae (Amphisphaeria) 206

Wibbei (Diaporthe) 457

Wichuriana (Sphaerella) 296

Wistariae (Sphaerella) 267

Wistariae (Thuemenia) 546

Wittrockii (Phyllachora) 596

Woolworthii (Diaporthe) 427

Wrightii (Asterina) 44

Wrightii (Perisporium) 56

Wrightii (Physalospora) 302

xanthicola (Sphaerella) 289

xanthocreas (Hypoxylon) 637

xanthostroma (Hypoxylon) 643

Xanthoxyli (Thyronectria) 92

xerophila (Teichospora) 214

Xerophylli (Asterina) 39

Xerophylli (Leptosphaeria) 373

xestothele (Lasiosphaeria)... .. 148

xylaricespora (Sphceria) 174

xylogenum (Dimerosporium).. 35

xylomoides (Lophodermium) .. 714

xylophilus (Hypomyces) 73

Xylostei (Xyloma)- 54

Yuccce (Sphceria) 417

yuccaegena (Didymosphaeria) . . 333

Tunnanensis( Phymato sphceria) 620

Zabriskieana (Pyrenophora)... 349

Zeae (Perisporium) 56

Zeae (Sphaeria) 453-745

zeicola (Physalospora) 707

Zizaniae (Sphaerella) 298

zizaniaecola (Leptosphaeria).... 378

PLATE 1

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. del

PLATE 2.

Erysipheae.

Uncinula Salicis, (D C).

Fig. 1. Natural size on leaf of Salix flavcscens, var. Scoulcrlana,
from Montana.

2. Part of a leaf with peritheeia magnified.

3. Aperithecium highly magnified.

4. An ascus.

5. Three sporidia.

6. A eonidia-bearing hypha*

7. Five conidia.
3. Initial hyphae forming a pcrithecium.

PLATE 2.

Geo. May Powell, Plula

PLATE 3.

Hrysipheae.

Phyllactinia suffulta, (Reb.).

Fig. 1. Natural size, on chestnut leaf.

2. Perithecium enlarged.

3. Two asci.

4. Three sporidia.

5. Conidia-bearing hyphae.

6. Conidium germinating.

PLATE 3.

Qe o Ma y Powell, PhiU

PLATE 4.

Erysipheae.

Podosphaera tridactyla, (Wallr.).

Pig. 1. Natural size on leaf of Morello cherry.

" 2. An enlarged perithecium.

■'• 3. Two asci.

" 4. Four sporidia.

" 5. A chain of conidia.

" 6. Two conidia germinating.

PLATE 4.

Oe o . May Pow i •

PLATE 5.

Perisporieae.

Fig. 1. Enlarged perithecium of Meliola bidentata, Cke.

" 2. An ascus.

" 3. A sporidium.

" 4. A branch of mycelium with hyphopodia.

" 5. Tips of three appendages magnified.

" 6. Meliola palmicola, Winter, four magnified appendage-tips.

" 7. Meliola furcata, Lev. three appendage-tips, from specimens
collected in Nicaragua by Wright.

11 8. Meliola bicomis, three appendage-tips, copied from Rabh-

Winter's Fungi Eur. No. 3547.
N. B. — In this plate and all succeeding plates, where not other-
wise noted, all asci are drawn to a scale of 28// to the inch and
all enlarged sporidia to a scale of 14 fi to the inch.

PLATE 5.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

PLATE 6.

Perisporieae.

Asterina delitescens, E. & M.

Fig. i. Natural size on leaf.
" 2. Portion of a leaf with the fungus somewhat magnified.
" 3. Four perithecia, one entire and three showing the stellate
mode of dehiscence.
4. Two asci.
" 5. Two sporidia.

" 6. Perithecium in its early stage of growth.
" 7. Hypha from which arises a conidiophore and conidia?
11 8. Conidium?

PLATE 6.

Mo y- P< > W G LI , PUll C

PLATE 7.

Perisporieae. (figs. 1-13.)

Fig. 1. Perisporium funiculatum, Preuss, natural size. The speci-
mens are from Kriegers Saxon Fungi 626, on straw of
an old bee hive and were figured because no American
specc. were at hand.

" 2. Enlarged section of a perithecium.

" 3. An ascus.

" 4. A sporidium.

" 5. Capnodium grandisporum, E. & M. natural size, on leaf of
Gelsemium sempervirens, Florida.

" 6. Perithecium enlarged.

" 7. Ascus and sporidia.

" 8. A sporidium.

" 9. Pycnidial perithecium.

" 10. Pycnidial spores.

" 11. Microthyrium Srailacis, De Not, natural size, on stem of
Smilax, Newfield, N. J.

" 12. Two asci with paraphyses, the ascus on the left mature, the
other immature.

" 13. Two sporidia.

I 14. Polystigma mbruni, (Pers.)

" 15. An ascus.

" 16. Two sporidia.

" 17. Three spermatia.

Note. — Figures 15, 16 and 17 enlarged from the drawing in
Briosi & Cavara's Fungi Parasiti, Fasc. 1, No. 12.

PLATE 7.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

Geo. May- Powell. Plula

PLATE 8.

Perisporieae.

Fig. 1. Eurotium herbariorum, Lk. natural size on a barrel hoop,
in a cellar.

" 2. A piece of the hoop with the fungus enlarged.

" 3 An enlarged perithecium.

" 4. A cluster of sporidia as they lie in the ascus.

" 5. Three sporidia seen from different angles.

" 6. Apiosporium erysipheoides, S. & E., an enlarged perithe
cium.

" 7. Lasiobotrys Lonicerae, Kze. on leaf of Lonicera — an en-
larged stroma showing perithecia around its margin.

8 & 9. Enlarged from Winters Pilze.

" 10. Dimerosporium erysipheoides, E. and E., natural size, on
Cynodon dactylon.

" 11. A group enlarged.

" 12. Sectional view of an enlarged perithecium.

" 13. An ascus with paraphyses.

" 14. Three sporidia.

PLATE 8.

Oao.May Powell, PluL

PLATE 9.

Perisporieae.

Fig. 1. Saccardia Martini, Ell. & Sacc. natural size, on leaf of
Quercus laurifolia.

" 2. Part of a leaf with a perithecium somewhat enlarged.

" 3. Perithecium enlarged with appendages and mycelium.

" 4. Two asci.

" 5. Six sporidia.

6. Myriococcum Everhartii, S. & E., on rotten wood.

" 7. A group of perithecia enlarged.

" 8. A perithecium highly magnified.

" 9. A perithecium with the outer wall partly removed, show-
ing the arrangement of the interior cells.

" 10. Eight variously shaped cells.

" 11. A few of the superficial hairs that cover the perithecia.

>s'ote. — The figures on this plate not drawn to any scale.

rut\Ln> v.

F. W. AN DETCSON, ad. nat. de

Ge o A\ay Powell , Phila

PLATE 10.

Perisporieae.

Fig, 1. Scorias spongiosa, Schw. natural size on limb of Alnus
serrulate*.

" 2. Part of a fertile branch enlarged, showing spermogonial
and ascigerous perithecia.

" 3. An ascus.

" 4. Three sporidia.

" 5. Capnodium salicinum, (Pers.). On bark of Negundo acer-
oide«} a group of spermogonial and aseigerious peri-
thecia considerably magnified.

" 6. An ascus.

" 7. Three sporidia.

" 8. Capnodium axil.latum. Cke. natural size on fragment of
leaf of Catalpa.

" 9, A group of spermogonial perithecia, considerably magni-
fied.

PLATE 10.

Oo o.Mav fowdl, Phila

Hypocreaceae.

PLATE 11.

Fig. 1. Hypocrea lichenoides, (Tode) natural size on a decaying
limb,

" 2. An ascus.

" 3. Two sporidia.

u 4. Hypocrea citrinella, Ell. on a dead twig of Vaccinium
somewhat enlarged.

" 5. A section through the edge of the stroma, showing the
enlarged perithecia and prominent ostiolum.

" 6 An ascus.

" 7. Two sporidia.

" 8. Ascus of Hypocrea consimilis, Ell.

" 9. Three sporidia.

" 10. Hypocrea corticiicola, E. <fc E., an ascus.

" 11. Two sporidia.

" 12. Hypomyces Lactifluorum, (Schw.), section of host enlarged
showing the imbedded perithecia.

11 13. Three asci, the middle one containing mature sporidia.

11 14. Two sporidia much enlarged.

Note. — Figures on this plate not drawn to any definite scale.

PLATE 11.

F, W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. del.

Oeo.May Powell, PMU

PLATE 12.

Hypocreaceae.

Fig. 1. Sphaerostilbe gracilipes, Tul.

" 2. Conidia (Stilbum), one of which rises from the center of the
cluster of perithecia.

" 3. An ascus.

" 4. Two sporidia.

" 5. Conidia on their branching basidia, enlarged.

" 6. Three conidia highly magnified.

" 7. Pleonectria Berolinensis, Sacc, an ascus.

" 8. Three sporidia.

" 9. Chilonectria cucurbitula, (Curr.), an ascus.

" 10. One of the cylindrical bodies contained in the asci with
sporidia escaping from a rupture in one side.

" 11. Cluster of basidia (Tubercularia) with terminal conidia.

" 12. Conidia more highly magnified.

" 13. Nectria verrucosa, (Scbw.), natural size on piece of limb of
Morus alba,

" 14. A cluster of magnified perithecia.

" 15. The depressed stroma (Tubercularia).

" 16. Group of basidia and conidia taken from the stroma am
enlarged.

" 17. Conidia enlarged.

" 18. An ascus.

" 19. Two sporidia.

Note. — Asci drawn to a scale of 28 /i to the inch and the enlarged
sporidia and conidia to a scale of about 14// to the inch.

PLATE 12.

Geo. May- Powell, PluU

PLATE 13.

Hypocreaceae.

Fig. 1. (jibberella pulicaris, Fr., natural size, on dead corn stalk.

2. A group of perithecia somewhat enlarged.

3. Three perithecia highly magnified. (A.) an entire peri-
thecium. (B.) a broken down and empty one. (C.) a
vertical section of a perithecium showing asci.

4. A group of asci in various stages of development.

5. Four mature sporidia.

6. Three sporidia germinating.

7. Calonectria Canadensis, E. & E., natural size on dead elm.

8. Cluster of perithecia around the base of the conidial
stroma.

9. Vertical section of perithecium.

10. Two mature asci.

11. Three mature sporidia.

12. Young perithecia around the base of the conidia-bearing
stroma, the central head cut vertically showing the
superficial conidial layer.

13. Basidia and conidia enlarged.

14. Two conidia enlarged.
Note. — Figures on this plate not drawn to a definite scale.

PLATE 13.

Oeo.May Powell, PUila.

PLATE 14.

Hypocreaceae.

Fig. 1. Melanospora chionea, (Fr.) on decaying leaf.

" 2. Portion of the same enlarged.

" 3. Sectional view of a peritbecium highly magnified.

" 4. Three asci, one of them mature.

" 5. Mature sporidium.

" 6. Eleutheromyces subulatus, (Tode) natural size on decay-
ing Agaric.

" 7. A fragment somewhat magnified.

" 8. Section of a perithecium highly magnified.

" 9. Several asci, one mature, with the peculiarly jointed par-
aphyses.

" 10. Three sporidia.

" 11. A stout jointed bristle from the outside of the ostiolum.

" 12. A portion of one of the hair-like filaments composing the
inner lining of the ostiolum.

Note. — Figures on this plate not drawn to any scale.

PLATE 14.

Oso. May Powell, Phila

PLATE 15.

Hypocreaceae.

Fig. 1. Ophionectria Everhartii, E. & G., enlarged perithecium.

" 2. An ascus.

'' 3. A sporidium.

" 4. Cordyceps Sphingum, (Tul.) natural size growing from a
dead larva in a cocoon.

" 5. An enlarged piece of a stroma bearing perithecia.

" 6, A perithecium highly magnified.

" 7. An ascus.

" 8. Epichloe typhina, (Pers.), natural size, on culm of grass.

" 9. Enlarged section through the stroma and perithecia.

" 10. An ascus with the lower part broken away showing the
protruding sporidia.

" 11. Cordyceps clavulata, (Schw.) on dead scale insects on a
living twig of Fraxinus, somewhat enlarged.

" 12. An enlarged head of one of the stromata showing the peri-
thecia.

" 13. A sporidium.

" 14. Claviceps microcephala, Tul. somewhat enlarged.

" 15. An ascus.

" 16. A sporidium.

Note. — Figures on this plate not drawn to any definite scale.

PLATE 15.

F. W. AN DERSON, ad. nat. de

i;.-o .w,v rwell.Philo

PLATE 16.

Chaetomieae.

Fig. 1, Chaetomium pusillum, E. & E. natural size on hickory
hoop of a barrel in a cellar.

2. A small group somewhat enlarged.

3. A single perithecium.

4. An ascus.

5. Three sporidia.

6. Several of the peculiarly branching hairs of the mycelium
surrounding the perithecia.

PLATE 16.

PLATE 17.

Sordarieae.

Fig. 1. Sordaria liumana, sectional view, somewhat enlarged.

" 2. An ascus.

" 3. A sporidium.

" 4. Hypocopra equorum, (Pckl.) somewhat enlarged sectional
view showing the asci in the perithecia and the thin
black superficial stroma above.

" 5. Oomyces Langloisii, E. & E. natural size on stem of
Vigna luteola.

" 6. An enlarged stroma.

" 7. Vertical section through the stroma and enclosed perithe-
cia.

" 8. An ascus with two branching paraphyses.

" 9. A sporidium cut in two.

" 10. Delitschia bisporula, (Crouan) perithecium enlarged.

" 11. An ascus and paraphvsis.

" 12. A sporidium.

Note. — Figures 10, 11 and 12 from Hansen's Fungi fimicoli
danici.

PLATE 17.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

PLATE 18.

Sordarieae.

Fig. 1. Podospora lutea, E. & E. natural size on decaying bark.

" 2. The same somewhat magnified.

" 3. Sectional view of a perithecium highly magnified.

" 4. An ascus.

" 5. Four sporidia, A, B, C and D, in different stages of devel-
opment, C and D mature.

" 6. Sporormia minima, Awd. somewhat magnified, on goat's
dung.

" 7. A perithecium highly magnified and broken open, showing
the ascr within.

" 8. A cluster of asci, middle one mature.

" 9. Two sporidia.

Note. —Figures on this plate not drawn to any scale.

PLATE 18.

Geo. A^ay Powell, VbiU

PLATE 19.

Lasiosphaerieae.

Fig. 1. Acanthostigma decastylum, (Cke.) slightly magnified, on
bark of rotten magnolia.

" 2. Section of a perithecium more highly magnified.

" 3. An ascus.

" 4. A sporidium.

" 5. Lasiosphaeria stupea, E. & E. natural size on wood of
Tsuga Pattoniana, Mt. Paddo, Wash.

" 6. Three perithecia moderately enlarged.

" 7. Section of a perithecium highly magnified.

" 8. An ascus.

" 9. A sporidium.

" 10. A sporidium of L. hispida, (Tode.).

" 11. Chaetosphaeria pannicola, B. & C. on decaying hnrk,
natural size.

" 12 A perithecium somewhat enlarged.

" 13, An ascus.

" 14. A sporidium.

" 15. Herpotrichia Rhenana, Fckl. on culm of some grass.

" 16. A perithecium somewhat enlarged.

" 17. A sporidium.

" 18. Sporidium of H. pinetorum, (Fckl. 15, 16, 17 and 18
from Winter's Pilze).

" 19. Trichosphaeria pilosa, (Pers.) two asci.

" 20, Two sporidia, (19 and 20 from Winter's Pilze.)

li

PLATE 19.

/^f^^^^^N

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. d

OBo.May Powell, PhiU

PLATE 20.

Melan ommeae.

Fig. 1. Rosellinia Clavariae, (Tul.) natural size on living Clavaria.

" 2. Branch of same somewhat magnified.

" 3. Section of a perithecium highly magnified.

" 4. A cluster of asci.

" 5. Three sporidia.

" 6. Conidiophores with conidia.

" 7. Three conidia highly magnified.

" 8. Rosellinia ovalis, Ell. on piece of "sage brush," natural
size.

" 9. Piece of the same enlarged.

" 10. Sectional view of a perithecium.

" 11. Two asci.

" 12. Three sporidia.

Note. — Figures not drawn to a definite scale.

PLATE 20.

Oeo.May Powell, Philc

PLATE 21

Melanommeae.

Fig. 1. Melanomma occidental, Ell. natural size on "sage brush."
" 2. Fragment of same enlarged.
11 3. Sectional view of a perithecium.

" 4. An ascus.

*

" 5. Two sport dia.

" 6. Bombardia fasciculata, Fr. natural size on rotten wood.

" 7. Same enlarged.

" 8. Section of a perithecium more highly magnified.

" 9. Three asci.

" 10. Four sporidia, (A) mature, the others in various stages of
development.

Note. — Figures on this plate not drawn to any definite scale.

PLATE 21.

Geo.Mayr Powell, Phil

s

PLATE 22.
Ceratostomeae. (Figs, l to 13)

Fig. 1. Hypsothecasubcorticalis, (C. & E.) natural size on oak
bark.

" 2. Same enlarged.

" 3. A perithecium broken open showing the asci attached to
the surface of the inner wall.

" 4. An ascus.

" 5. Two sporidia.

" 6. Ceratosphaeria microdoma E. & E. natural size, on bark of
elder.

" 7. Same enlarged.

M 8. An ascus.

" 9. A sporidium.

" 10. Ceratostoma subrufum, E. &. E on wood of dead oak limb.

" 11. Portion of same enlarged.

" 12. An ascus.

" 13. Two sporidia.

" 14. Trematosphaeria pertusa, (Pers) natural size, on dead
wood.

" 15. Portion of the same enlarged,

" 16. An ascus.

" 17. A sporidium 1-septate.

" 18. " " 2-septate.

" 19. " " 3-septate.

PLATE 22.

PLATE 23.

Amphisphaerieae. (Figs, 6-18).

Fig. 1. Herpotrichia diffusa, (Schw.) natural size.

" 2. Portion of the same somewhat magnified,

" 3. Enlarged section of a perithecium.
11 4. An ascus.

" 5. A sporidium.

" 6. Ohleria rugulosa, Fckl. natural size.

" 7. Same somewhat magnified.

" 8. An ascus.

" 9. A sporidium.

" 10. Winteria rhoina, E. & E. natural size.

11 11. Portion of the same enlarged.

" 12. An ascus.

" 13. A sporidium.

" 14. Teichospora Helenae, E. & E. natural size, on dead limb.

" 15. Portion of same enlarged.

" 16. Enlarged section of perithecium.

" 17. An ascus.

" 18. A sporidium.

PLATE 23.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

Oeo.A\ayr Powell, Phila

PLATE 24.

Amphisphaerieae.

Fig. 1. Caryospora putaminnm, (Schw.) natural size, on peach pits.
" 2. Same enlarged.

" 3. Section of a perithecium more highly magnified.
" 4. A part of an ascus containing two sporidia.
Note. — Ascus and sporidia drawn to a scale 23 p. to the inch.

PLATE 24.

Geo.Aay Powell, Plulc

PLATE 25.

I/Ophiostomeae.

Fig. 1, Lophionema vermisporum, (Ell.) somewhat enlarged, on
dead stem of Oenothera.

" 2. Enlarged section of a perithecium.

" 3. An ascus.

" 4. A sporidium.

" 5. Lophiostoma Pruni, E. & E. natural size, on dead limb ol
cherry.

" 6. Part of same enlarged.

" 7. An ascus.

" 8. A sporidium.

" 9. A chain ol spermogonia.

" 10. Lophidium tingens, E. & E, on dead limb of maple — a
section through a perithecium somewhat enlarged.

" 11. An ascus.

" 12. A sporidium.

PLATE 25

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

Oeo.May Powell, Phila

PLATE 26.

Cucurbitarieae.

Fig. 1. Cucurbitaria Fraxini, E. & E. natural size, on dead asl
limb.

" 2. Portion of same somewhat enlarged.

" 3. Sectional view through the center of a cluster of perithe-
cia.

" 4. An ascus.

" 5. A sporidium.

" 6. Gibbera Vaccinii, (Sow.) natural size, on Vaccinium twig,

" 7. A cluster of peri thecia somewhat enlarged.

" 8. An ascus.

" 9. A sporidium.

" 10. Otthia hypoxyloides, E. & E. natural size on dead wood.

" 11. A cluster of perithecia enlarged.

" 12. An ascus.

" 13. A sporidium.

" 14. Nitschkia cupularis, (Pers.) natural size on dead limb of
horse chestnut.

" 15. A cluster of perithecia somewhat enlarged.

" 16. An ascus.

" 17. Two sporidia.

PLATE 26.

F. W. AN DERSON, ad. nat. del

Ueo. M.ay Powell, Phila

PLATE 27.

Sphaerelloideae.

Fig. 1. Physalospora aurantia, E. & E. on dead leaves of Astraga-
lus, natural size,

2. Part of a leaf somewhat enlarged.

" 3. Enlarged section of a perithecium.

" 4, An ascus with uniseriate sporidia.

" 5. An ascus with partly biseriate sporidia.

" 6. A sporidium.

" 7. Sphaerella Oenotherae, E. & E. natural size, on old capsule
of Oenothera biennis,

" 8. A small piece enlarged:

" 9. Enlarged section of a perithecium.

" 10. An ascus.

" 11. A sporidium.

" 12. Stigmatea Robertiana, Fr. natural size, on leaf of Geran-
ium Robertianum.

" 13. Piece of same enlarged.

" 14. Sectional view of perithecium.

" 15. An ascus.

" 16. A sporidium.

" 17. Sphaerulina myriadea, (Pers.) natural size on dead oak
leaf.

" 18. Portion of same enlarged.

" 19. Sectional view of a perithecium more highly magnified.

" 20. An ascus.

" 21. A sporidium.

PLATE 27.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

Oe o. M.ay- Powell, Ftula

PLATE 28.

Pleosporeae. (except 6 & 7.).

Fig. 1, Leptosphaeria Harknessiana, E. & E. natural size, on dead
stem of Frasera speciosa.

" 2. Piece of the same moderately enlarged.

" 3. Sectional view of a perithecium more highly magnified.

" 4. An ascus.

" ' 5. A sporidium.

" 6. Rhopographus clavisporus, (C. & P.),— an ascus.

" 7. A sporidium.

" 8. Didymosphaeria cupula, Ell. slightly enlarged, on petiole
and ribs of dead oak leaf.

" 9. An ascus.

" 10. A sporidium.

" It. Ophiobolus olivaceus, Ell. somewhat magnified, on dead
herbaceous stem.

" 12. An ascus.

" 13. An enlarged sporidium.

" 14. Pleospora aurea, Ell. somewhat magnified, on dead her-
baceous stem.

" 15. An ascus.

" 16. A sporidium — front view.

" 17. A sporidium — side view.

PLATE 28.

Geo. May Powell, FbiU

PLATE 29.

Massarieae.

Fig. 1. Massaria vomitoria, B. & C. somewhat enlarged, on maple
limbs.

" 2. A perithecium more highly magnified.

" 3. An ascus.

11 4. An enlarged sporidium showing the hyaline envelop.

PLATE 29.

PLATE 30.

Massarieae.

Fig. 1. Massariovalsa sudans, (B. <fc C.) showing the perithecia
in vertical section somewhat enlarged.

2. Horizontal section of perithecia and stroma.

3. Anascus.

4. A sporidium.

5. Pleomassaria rhodostoma, (A. & 8.), a sporidium.

6. Massariella bufonia, (B. & Br.) on white oak bark, show-
ing vertical section of perithecia somewhat enlarged.

7. An as cub.

8. A sporidium.

PLATE 30.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad

Oeo.May Powell, PtuU

PLATE 31.
Clypeosphaerieae.

Fig. 1. Anthostomella Magnoliae, E. & E. slighly enlarged, on
leaf of magnolia.

" 2. An ascus.

" 3. Two sporidia.

" 4. Linospora Palmetto, E, & E. natural size on leaf of Pal-
metto.

" 5. A piece of the same enlarged.

" 6. An ascus.

" 7. A sporidium.

3. Trabutia quercina, (Pr.) natural size, on oak leaf.

" 9. Portion of same enlarged.

" 10. An ascus.

" 11. A sporidium.

" 12. Hypospila pustula, (Pcrs.) natural size on oak leaf,

" 13. Portion of same enlarged.

" 14. An ascus.

" 15. A sporidium.

" 16. Clypeosphaeria Hendersonia, Ell. natural size on dead
Rubus stems.

" 17. Same enlarged.

" 18. An ascus,

" 19. Two sporidia.

Note. — Figures 12 — 15 drawn from a specimen in Linharts Fun-
gi Hungarici 467.

PLATE 31.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. de

Goo. A^ay Powell, Phils

PLATE 32.

Gnomonieae.

Fig. 1. Gnomonia Magnoliae, Ell. slightly enlarged, on leaf ol
Magnolia glauca.

2. Section of perithecium enlarged.

'* 3. An ascus.

" 4. Two sporidia.

" 5. (jiiomonia tenella, E. & E. somewhat enlarged on petiole of
Acer rubrum.

" 6. Section of perithecium enlarged.

" 7. An ascus.

" 8. Two sporidia, one with the appendages almost straight,
the other. having them more or less bent.

" 9. Gnomonia setacea, (Pers.), an ascus.

" 10. Two sporidia.

u 11. Ditopella fusispora, DeNot. somewhat enlarged. Drawn
from No. 286 in Kriegers Saxon Fungi, on Alnus
glutinosa.

" 12. Section of perithecium enlarged,

" 13. An ascus.

" 14. Three sporidia.

" 15. Ceriospora xantha, Sacc. Drawn from French specimens
— section of perithecia enlarged.

" 16. An ascus.

" 17. Two spores.

PLATE 32.

F. W. AN DERSON, ad. nat. del

Oeo.iVLAv Powell, PLuln

PLATE 33.

Valseae.

Fig. 1. Valsa floriformis, E. & E. somewhat enlarged, on hark.

" 2. Horizontal section through a stroma.

" 3. Vertical section, much enlarged, showing the perithecia
lying around the labyrinthiform, central spermogonial
cavities.

4. An ascus.

" 5. Two sporidia.

" 6. Two spermogonial spores.

" T. Calosphaeria microsperma, E. & E. somewhat enlarged, on
bark of Carpinus.

8. A cluster of perithecia somewhat enlarged and exposed by
the removal of the bark.

" 9. Three clusters of asci arising from interwoven, branching
filaments in the bottom of the perithecia and accom-
panied by very long stout paraphyses.

" 10. Four sporidia.

" 11. Eutypa echinata, E, & E. somewhat enlarged, on Fraxi-
nus.

" 12. An ascus.

" 13. Three sporidia.*

" 14. Diaporthe tuberculosa, Ell., an ascus.

" 15. A sporidium.

" 16. Diaporthe densissima, Ell., two sporidia.

PLATE 33.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. del

Oeo.Ma.y- Pow<

i

PLATE 34.

Diatrypeae.

Fig. l

7.

10.
11.
12.
13.

14.

15.
16,

Diatrype Hochelagae, E. & E. moderately enlarged, oi
dead elm.

Vertical section through a stroma, more highly magnified.

An ascus.

Three sporidia.

Diatrype platystoma. (Schw.) somewhat enlarged, on dead
maple.

Vertical section through a portion of a stroma, more high-
ly magnified.

Diatrype virescens, (Schw.), on dead wood of Carpinus,
a single stroma somewhat enlarged.

Vertical section through a rather small stroma of the sajne
species.

Diatrypella hysterioides, E. & E. on dead poplar wood,
somewhat enlarged.

Vertical section through a stroma more highly magnified.

An ascus.

Three sporidia.

Anthostoma Ontariense, E. & E. on bark of dead willow,
slightly enlarged.

Vertical section through a piece of bark, showing the im-
bedded perithecia.

An ascus.

Two sporidia.

PLATE 34.

imm

F. W ANDERSON, ad. itat. del.

PLATE 35.

Melanconideae.

Fig. 1. Fenestella amorpha, E. <fc E. moderately enlarged, on
hickory limb, showing three entire stromata, also aver-
tical and transverse section.

" 2. An ascus.

" 3. A sporidium.

" 4. Melanconis Everhartii, Ell. the stroma somewhat enlarged,
on maple.

" 5. The same showing vertical and transverse sections.

" 6. A sporidium.

'* 7. Melanconis apocrvpta, Ell., an ascus.

" 8. A sporidium.

" 9. Pseudovalsa stylospora, E. & E., an ascus.

" 10. A sporidium.

" 11. A stylospore, on maple. (Acer spicatvm).
Note. — The dotted lines with fig. 6 should run up towards the
left to the large appendiculate sporidium.

\

PLATE 35.

Geo. May Powell Phil?

PLATE 36.

Melogrammeae.

Fig. 1. Botryosphaeria fuliginosa, (VI. & N.) somewhat enlarged,
on an oak gall.

" 2. Same species somewhat enlarged, on decaying limb of
Quercus coccinia.

" 3. An ascus.

" 4. A sporidium.

" 5. Two mature stylospores?

" 6. Endothia gyrosa, (Schw.) somewhat enlarged on bark.

'" 7. An ascus.

" 8. Three sporidia.

" 9. Valsaria Farlowiana, Sacc. enlarged on dead limb of
Berberis. sp.

'• 10. Sectional view of the same.

" '11. An ascus.

" 12. A sporidium.

I 13. Melogramma vagans, De Not. on dead Carpinvs, enlarged.

" 14. An ascus.

" 15. A sporidium.

PLATE 36.

PLATE 37.

Xylarieae.

Fig. 1. Hypoxylon perforatum, (Schw.), natural size, on dead oak
limb.

" 2. Same magnified.

" 3. A smaller portion containing two perithecia highly mag-
nified.

" 4. A cluster of asci in different stages of growth.

" 5. A single mature ascus.

" 6. Five sporidia.

" 7. Hypoxylon marginatum, (Schw.), natural size, on dead oak
bark.

" 8. Vertical section of part of a stroma considerably magni-
fied.

" 9. A cluster of asci, one of which is mature.

" 10. Three sporidia.

Note. — Figures on this plate not drawn to any definite scale.

PLATE 37

7--.

F. W. ANDERSON, ad. nat. del

. ■.■■!'.. FLula

PLATE 38.

Xylarieae.

Fig. 1. Camillea Sagraeana, (Mont.), magnified two diameters.
Drawn from a specimen collected in Nicaragua, by
Wright.

" 2. Sectional view of a young stroma,

" 3. Section of a mature stroma.

" 4. Two asci.

" 5. Two sporidia.

11 6. Daldinia concentrica, (Bolt.), natural size, from Mexico.

" 7. Same, natural size, from Missouri.

" 8. Vertical section, natural size.

" 9. Portion of section magnified.

" 10. An ascus.

I 11. A sporidium.

PLATE 38.

PLATE 39.

Xylarieae.

Fig. 1. Xylaria subterranea, (Schw.) natural size on wood of ar
old pump standing in a well at Bethlehem, -Pa.

" 2. Sectional view of a piece of the stroma somewhat enlarged.

" 3. An ascus. *

" 4. Two sporidia.

" 5. Ustulina vulgaris, Tul. natural size.

" 6. Portion of stroma enlarged.

" 7. Part of an ascus containing six sporidia.

" 8. A sporidium.

" 9. Nnmninlaria discreta, (Schw.) natural size on wood of
"Mountain ash."

" 10. Sectional view of enlarged stroma.

" 11. An ascus with two paraphyses.

" 12, A sporidium.

" 13. Poronia leporina, E. & E. natural size on rabbit's dung
(Missouri).

" 14. Sectional view of a stipitate stroma.

" 15. An ascus with three jointed paraphyses.

" 16. Two sporidia.

PLATE 39

Geo. AVay Towell. Ptailj

PLATE 40.

Dothideaceae.

Fig. 1. Dothidea Montaniensis, E. & E. several stromata somewln
enlarged, on bark of Bigelovia ?

2. Vertical section of a stroma.

3. An ascus.

4. A sporidium.

5. Phyllachora graminis, (Pers.) somewhat enlarged, on le*
of grass.

6. Vertical section of the same.

7. An ascus.

8. A sporidium.

9. Homostegia Kelseyi, E. & E. somewhat enlarged on dead
stem of Ribes rotundifolium.

10. Vertical section through a stroma.

11. 'An ascus.

12. Two sporidia.

13. Rhopograplms filicinns, (Fr.), somewhat enlarged, on
Pteris aquilina.

14. Vertical section of the same.

15. An ascus.

16. Two sporidia.

PLATE 40.

Oeo.AVay Powell, Philr

PLATE 41.

Cucurbitarieae.

Fig. 1. Montagnella Heliopsidis, (Schw.) natural size, on stem and
leaf of Helianthm divaricatus, somewhat enlarged.

" 2. Same on a piece of the stem, still more enlarged.

" 3. Vertical section through several perithecia.

" 4. An ascus.

" 5. A sporidium, front view.

" 6. A sporidium, side view.

" 7. Parodiella grammodes, (Kze.) about natural size, on
Desmodiumpaniculatum.

" 8. Fragment of leaf with enlarged perithecia.

" 9. Vertical section of a perithecium more highly magnified.

" 10. An ascus.

" 11. Front view of a sporidium.

" 1 2. Ottilia staphylina, E. & E. about natural size, on bark of
Staphylea.

" 13. A cluster of perithecia somewhat magnified.

" 14. Vertical section through a cluster more highly magnified.

" 15. An ascus.

" 16. Four sporiclia.

N. B. — In this and the preceding plates, where not otherwise noted,
all asci drawn to a scale of 28 ft to the inch and all enlarged sporidia
to a scale of 14 p. to the inch.

PLATE 41.

BINDING L

PR 15 19=5!

University of Toronto
Library

DO NOT

REMOVE

THE

CARD

FROM

THIS

POCKET

Acme Library Card Pocket
LOWE-MARTIN CO. Limited