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CcIIrrtion  of  J&ottl)  Caroliniana 

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UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00017482252 


0917. ( 

N87m 

1319 


DATE 


This  BOOK  may  be  kept  out  TWO  WEEKS 
ONLY,  and  is  subject  to  a  fine  of  FIVE 
CENTS  a  day  thereafter.  It  was  taken  out 
on   the   day  indicated  below: 


Library  B. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL 


1919 


PUBLISHED    BY   THE 


NORTH  CAROLINA  HISTORICAL  COMMISSION 


FOR    USE    OF 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


SESSION   OF   1919 


COMPILED   AND    EDITED 
BY 

R.  D.  W.  CONNOR 

SECRETARY  OF  THE   NORTH  CAROLINA   HISTORICAL 
COMMISSION 


RALEIGH 

Edwards  &  Broughton  Printing  Company 
state  printers 

1918 


Calendar 

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PREFACE. 


This  volume  is  issued  by  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Commis- 
sion in  order  to  furnish  to  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
1919,  in  convenient  form,  information  about  the  State  which  other- 
wise would  require  much  investigation  in  many  different  sources.  It 
is  also  hoped  that  it  may  prove  of  value  and  service  to  others  who 
desire  to  have  in  succinct  form  such  data  about  North  Carolina. 
Similar  Manuals,  issued  in  1903,  1905,  and  1907  by  the  Secretary  of 
State,  and  in  1909,  1911,  1913,  1915,  and  1917  by  the  North  Carolina 
Historical  Commission,  have  proven  of  very  general  utility  and  in- 
terest. Requests  for  copies  have  come  not  only  from  all  over  North 
Carolina,  but  from  most  of  the  States  of  the  Union,  and  the  demand 
for  them  has  been  so  great  that  all  of  these  editions  except  those  for 
1909  and  1917  have  long  been  exhausted,  and  it  is  now  extremely 
difficult  to  secure  a  copy. 

The  Historical  Commission  trusts  that  the  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  1919  will  find  this  volume  of  service  to  them  in  their 
work. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  HISTORICAL  COMMISSION. 


J.  Bryan  Grimes,  Chairman,  Raleigh. 

W.  J.  Peele Raleigh 

M.  C.  S.  Noble Chapel  Hill 

Thomas  M.  Pittman Henderson 

D.  H.  Hill Raleigh 

R.  D.  W.  Connor,  Secretary,  Raleigh. 
— .  — .  ,  Legislative  Reference  Librarian,  Raleigh. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 
Official  Register  for  1919    9 

LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMENT: 

Officers   and  Members   of   the   Senate    19 

Senatorial    Districts     20 

Rules  of  the   Senate    22 

Standing  Committees  of  the   Senate    31 

Officers  and  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 35 

Rules  of  the  House  of  Representatives 38 

Standing  Committees  of  the  House  of  Representatives 48 

EXECUTIVE    DEPARTMENTS: 

Department    of   the    Governor    57 

Department  of  the   Secretary   of   State    59 

Treasury  Department    ^ 61 

Auditor's  Department 61 

Department  of  Education 64 

Attorney-General's  Department    69 

JUDICIAL   DEPARTMENT: 

Court  of  Impeachment    73 

The   Supreme   Court    74 

Superior    Courts    75 

Other  Courts    75 

The    Corporation    Commission    76 

ADMINISTRATIVE   DEPARTMENTS,   BOARDS,   COMMISSIONS: 

Department    of    Agriculture     83 

Department  of  Labor  and   Printing    96 

Department  of  Insurance 97 

North    Carolina    Historical    Commission    103 

Legislative    Reference    Library     105 

State   Library   of   North   Carolina    107 

Library   Commission  of  North   Carolina    108 

State    Board   of    Health    112 

Board    of    Public    Charities     120 

North   Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey    124 

State  Highway  Commission    136 

Fisheries   Commission   Board    138 

State   Board   of   Elections    139 

State    Standard   Keeper 140 


6  Contents. 

PAGE 

Firemen's    Relief    Fund     141 

Audubon    Society    of    North    Carolina    141 

State    Educational    Commission    145 

Commission   for   Revision    of   Laws    '. 146 

Board  of   Internal   Improvements    146 

North    Carolina    National    Guard     148 

Prison    I50 

STATE    EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS: 

University   of   North   Carolina    155 

North    Carolina   A.    and   E.    College    157 

North   Carolina   State  Normal   and  Industrial  College    160 

Cullowhee    Normal    and    Industrial    College    ^ 163 

Appalachian   Training   School    164 

Fast    Carolina   Teachers  Training  School    165 

-      e  School  for   (White)   Blind  and  for   (Colored)   Blind  and  Deaf   ....  166 

St  it''   School  for  the    (White)    Deaf    170 

Stonewall   Jackson   Training   School    172 

State  Normal  School  for  the  Colored  and  Indian  Races    173 

State  A.  and  T.  College  for  the  Colored  Race    176 

Caswell   Training   School    I79 

STATE    CHARITABLE   INSTITUTIONS: 

Central   Hospital  for  the  Insane    183 

Western  Hospital  for   the   Insane    184 

Eas-ern   Hospital   for   the    (Colored)    Insane    185 

North   Carolina   Sanatorium   for  the   Treatment   of   Tuberculosis    186 

North  Carolina  State  Orthopaedic  Hospital  School    187 

Oxford   Orphan  Asylum    187 

North    Carolina    Orphanage   for   the    Colored   Race    189 

The  Soldiers  Home I90 

The  Confederate  Woman's  Home    I92 

MISCELLANEOUS: 

The  North  Carolina  Railroad  Company    197 

The  Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Railroad  Company   201 

The    North    Carolina   Agricultural    Society    203 

State  Capitol   206 

State   Administration    Building    2J.2 

North   Carolina  Day    213 

Legal   Holidays    214 

The  State  Flag    217 

The   Great   Seal    219 

State  Motto  and  Its  Origin 223 

Confederate   Museum    at    Richmond    225 


Contents.  7 

PLATFORMS   OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES,   1918:  page 

National    Democratic    Platform    229 

National  Republican  Platform    242 

National    Socialist    Platform     249 

National   Prohibition    Platform    257 

State  Democratic  Platform    265 

State   Republican   Platform    270 

State  Socialist  Platform 275 

ELECTION  RETURNS: 

Vote  for  President 280 

Vote  for  Governor  and  Other  State  Officers 286 

Vote  for  United  States  Senator   293 

Vote  for  Congressmen,   1918    295 

Vote  on  Constitutional  Amendments,    1918    300 

DECLARATION   OF   INDEPENDENCE    297 

CONSTITUTIONS: 

Constitution  of  the  United  States 313 

Constitution  of  North   Carolina    329 

Index  to  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina 359 

CENSUS: 

Population,  area,  etc.,  of  the  United  States  and  Territories,  1910  and  1917  370 

Population,  area,  etc.,  of  North  Carolina  by  Counties,   1790-1910 372 

Estimated  Population  of  North  Carolina  from  1675  to  1786 376 

Population  of  North  Carolina  towns  and  cities 377 

Counties  and  County  Seats   385 

BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Executive    Officials    391 

Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 396 

Senators   and   Representatives   in   Congress    399 

Senators  and  Representatives  in  the  General  Assembly,   1919    406 


OFFICIAL  REGISTER  FOR  1919. 


LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

O.  Max  Gardner President  of  the  Senate... Shelby. 

D.  G.  Brummitt Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives.. -Oxford. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  GOVERNOR. 

Thomas  W.  Bickett Governor Franklin. 

Santford  Martin Private  Secretary Forsyth. 

Miss  Mamie  C., Turner Executive  Clerk Wake. 

Mrs.  Hattie  S.  Gay. ...Executive  Secretary Wayne. 

council  of  state. 

Secretary  of  State.  Treasurer.  Auditor.  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction . 

department  of  state. 

J.  Bryan  Grimes Secretary  of  State Pitt. 

J.  E.  Sawyer Automobile  Clerk Wake 

F.  W.  Brown Corporation  Clerk .Pitt. 

Miss  Minnie  Bagwell Grant  Clerk Wake. 

M.ss  Sarah  Edwards.. Stenographer Wake. 

department  of  the  state  auditor. 

W.  P.  Wood Auditor Randolph. 

E.  H.  Baker Chief  Clerk Wake. 

Baxter  Durham Tax  Clerk Wake. 

Mrs.  Fannie  Smith Pension  Clerk  and  Stenographer Wake. 

department  of  the  state  treasurer. 

Benjamin  R.  Lacy Treasurer Wake. 

W.  F.  Moody .Chief  Clerk Mecklenburg. 

Homer  Peele Teller Martin. 

Henry  It.  Williamson Institution  Clerk Sampson. 

Mrs.  W.  D.  Martin Stenographer Wake. 

department  op  education. 

E.  C.  Broops Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction Pitt. 

W.  H.  Pittman Chief  Clerk Edgecombe. 

A.  S.  Brower. Clerk  of  Loan  Fund Cabarrus. 

E.  E.  Saiib Supervisor  of  Teacher  Training Madison. 

N.  C.  Newbold Rural  School  Agent Beaufort. 

N.  W.  Walker ...State  Inspector  Public  High  Schools Currituck. 

L.  C.  Brogden Rural  School  Agent Wayne. 

W.  C.  Crcsby Secretary  Community  Service  Bureau Mecklenburg. 

Slate  Board  of  Education. — Governor,  President;  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
Secretary;  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor,  Treasurer,  Attorney-General. 

Slate  Board  of  Examiners  and  Institute  Conductors. — E.  C.  Brooks,  Chairman  ex  officio; 
E.  E.  Saj  s,  Secretary  ex  officio;  A.  T.  Allen,  D.  F.  Giles,  J.  Henry  Highsmith,  .Miss 
Susan  Fulghum,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Johnston,  Miss  Hattie  Parrott. 

department  of  justice. 

Jamfs  S.  Manning.. Attorney-General .Wake. 

Frank  Nash Assistant  Attorney-General Orange. 

Miss  Eugenia  Herring Stenographer Wake 


Id  Official  Register,  1919. 

JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 

JUSTICES  OP  THE  SUPREME  COURT. 

Walter  Clark. Chief  Justice Raleigh Wake. 

I'i  \  r  i-  I).  Walker Associate  Justice— --  -Charlotte Mecklenburg. 

G      IRQE  11.  Brow  v Associate  Justice --Washington Beaufort. 

William  A..  Hoke Associate  Justice Lincolnton Lincoln. 

\  i  i  i  •.      Associate  Justice Goldsboro Wayne. 

officials  of  the  supreme  court. 

J.  L.  Seaweli Clerk Raleigh Wake. 

M  ms  i  ill  DeL.  Haywood. .Marshal  and  Librarian.. .Raleigh Wake. 

in  ('.  Strong Reporter Raleigh Wake. 

JUDGES  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  COURTS. 

W.  M  Bond Edenton Chowan. 

Georc;i    U    (  !onnor Wilson Wilson. 

John  11.  Kerr Warrenton Warren. 

I      \.  I )  vnieis Goldsboro Wayne. 

\  H.  ili  ion     _ New  Pern Craven. 

Oliver  H.  Allen Kinston !Lenoir. 

Thomas  H.  <  Ialvert Raleigh Wake. 

W.  P.  St  u  v Wilmington New  Hanover. 

C.  C.  Lyon     Klizabethtown Bladen. 

W.  A.  Devin Oxford.- Granville. 

H.  P.  I.  \ne  Reidsville Rockingham. 

Thomas  J.  Shaw Greensboro Guilford. 

W.  J.  Adams Carthage Moore. 

\\ .  F.  Harding -Charlotte Mecklenburg. 

B.  F.  Long Statesville Iredell. 

J.  L.  Webb Shelbv Cleveland. 

T.  B.  Finley Wilkesboro Wilkes. 

P.  A.  McElroy Marshall Madison. 

M.  H.  Justice Rutherfordton.. Rutherford. 

T.  D.  Brison Bryson  City Cherokee. 

solicitors. 

J.  C.  B.  Ehringhaus Elizabeth  City Pasquotank. 

Richard  ( !.  Allsbrook Tarboro Edgecombe. 

Garland  Majette. Jackson Northampton. 

Walter  D.  Siler Siler  City Chatham. 

J.  Lloyd  Horton Farmville Pitt. 

J.  A.  Powers Kinston Lenoir. 

H.  E.  Norris Raleigh Wake. 

H.  L.  Lyon White ville Columbus. 

S.  B.  McLean Maxton Robeson. 

S.  M.  Gattis Hillsboro Orange. 

S.  P.  Gravi  s Mount  Airy Surry. 

John  C.  Bower Lexington Davidson. 

W.  E.  Brock Wadesboro Anson. 

G.  W.  Wiison Gastonia Gaston. 

Hayden  Clement Salisbury Rowan. 

R.  L.  Huffman Morganton Burke. 

Johnson  J.  Hayes North  Wilkesboro Wilkes. 

Mil  hail  Schenck Henderson  ville Henderson. 

George  M.  Pritchard Marshall Madison. 

G.  L.  Jones Franklin ..Macon. 

SALARIES  OF  THE  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Governor $  6,500 

Secretary  of  State 3,500 

State  Auditor. 3,000 

State  Treasurer 3,500 

Su-  erintendent  of  Public  Instruction 3,000 

Attorney-General... 3,000 

Insurance  Commissioner _ 3,500 


Official  Register,  1919.  11 

Corporation  Commissioner $    3,500 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture.. ..... 3,250 

Commissioner  of  Labor  and  Printing 3,000 

SALARIES  OF  THE  JUDGES. 

Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court $    4,250* 

Judges  of  the  Superior  Court  (including  8750  for  traveling  and  other 

necessary  expenses  incident  to  rotation) 4,000 

CORPORATION  COMMISSION. 

W.  T.  Lee. Chairman Haywood. 

George  P.  Pell Commissioner Forsyth. 

A.  J.  Maxwell Commissioner Craven. 

J.  S.  Griffin Clerk Guilford. 

Miss  E.  G.  Riddick Assistant  Clerk Gates. 

Miss  Meta  Adams Assistant  Clerk Haywood. 

RATE  DEPARTMENT. 

W.  G.  Womble Rate  Clerk Wake. 

Wiley  G.  Barnes Reporter Wilson. 

TAX  DEPARTMENT. 

O.  S   Thomtson Tax  Clerk Wake. 

Miss  Ila  Barnfs Assistant  Clerk Harnett. 

Miss  Marion  Baker Stenographer Wake. 

M;ss  Bell  Andrews Assistant  Clerk Wake. 

Miss  Grace  Lee Assistant  Clerk Haywood. 

BANKING  DEPARTMENT. 

S.  A.  Hubbard State  Bank  Examiner Rockingham. 

C.  W.  Cloninger Assistant  Examiner Catawba. 

T.  H.  Bennett Assistant  Examiner Craven. 

ADMINISTRATIVE  DEPARTMENTS,  BOARDS,  AND  COMMISSIONS. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

W.  A.  Graham .Commissioner,  ex  officio  Chairman Raleigh. 

F.  P.  Latham First  District Belhaven. 

C.  W.  Mitchell Second  District Aulander. 

R.  L.  Woodard .Third  District Pamlico. 

Clarence  Poe Fourth  District Raleigh. 

R.  W.  Scott Fifth  District Haw  River. 

A.  T.  McCallum Sixth  District Red  Springs. 

C.  C.  Wright Seventh  District Hunting  Creek. 

William  Bleesoe Eighth  District.. Gale. 

H.  Q   Alexander Ninth  District Matthews. 

A.  Cannon Tenth  District Horse  Shoe. 

Executive  Office. 

W.  A.  Graham ..Commissioner. 

K.  W.  Barnfs Secretary  and  Purchasing  Agent. 

M  ss  S.  D.  Jones ..Bookkeeper  and  Private  Secretary. 

Miss  M.  H.  McKimmon. - __ Stenographer. 

C.  W.  H.  Creighton... Night  Watchman. 

Analytical  Division. 

B.  W.  Kilgorb - State  Chemist. 

J   M.  Pickel Feed  Chemist. 

W.  G.  Haywood .Fertilizer  Chemist. 

E.  S.  Dewar         ..  Assistant  Chemist. 

G.  L.  ARTHURrjR."-------- Assistant  Chemist. 


*Each  Supreme  Court  Justice  has,  in  addition  to  his  salary,  an  allowance  of  $900  an- 
nually for  a  stenographer. 


12  ()i  in  i  \i.  Register,  1919. 

l;     \.  Fl  T/i  i! Assistant  Chemist. 

I!    \\    ('.>ii  in       Assistant  Test  Farm  Director. 

Miss  M.  S.  liiKDSOXO Clerk  and  Stenographer. 

.1    I     II  \  m  n  .... - Clerk  and  Stenographer. 

.1.   K.  I'ii  umer. - Soil  Chemist. 

Museum. 

II.  II.  Brimley Curator. 

T.  W      Vdii  ki  8 Assistant. 

M  188  An  NIE  Lewis Usher. 

Veterinary  Division. 

[AM  Moore Veterinarian. 

ii'.  Wattb... Assistant. 

I,.  J.  I'm  LHABEB Assistant. 

Miss  Margaret  Xewsom.  Stenographer. 

Division  of  Animal  Husbandry. 

D  \x  T.  Gray* Chief  of  Animal  Industry. 

Earl  Hostetler Assistant. 

Alvin   I.  Reed* Dairy  Field  Work. 

I ■'.  I;.  F  ui\n  \m_. Cheese  Work. 

.1.  Stanley  Combs Assistant. 

J.  A.  Arey* Assistant. 

.).  W.  Sli  ss Beef  Cattle  Work. 

15.  F.  Kiii'i'* Assistant. 

Mis    [r a  MtJLLiB— Stenograoher. 

M  lea  Emma  Vdixg... Clerk. 

Division  of  Entomology. 

Franklin  Sherman. Entomologist. 

Ii.  W.  Lei  by Assistant. 

.1    (      Eckert '. Field  Work. 

C.  L.  Saks Beekeeping. 

Division  of  Horticulture. 

C.  D.  Matthews  _i Assistant  Horticulturist. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Griffin Stenographer. 

Food  and  Oil  Division. 

W.  M.  Allen Pure  Food  and  Oil  Chemist. 

C.  E.  Bell Assistant. 

L.  B.  Rhodes Assistant. 

W.  G.  Farror Assistant. 

George  Little Oil  Clerk. 

Miss  S.  G.  Allen__ Stenographer. 

Mrs.  B.  T.  Branch Stenographer. 

Division  Farmers'  Institutes. 

T.  B.  Parker Director  Institutes. 

Mrs.  Jane  S.  McKimmon Assistant  Director  Institutes. 

Mrs.  L.  P.  O'Neal Stenographer. 

Botany  and  Agronomy. 

.}.  L.  Burgfss Botanist  and  Agronomist. 

C.  II.  Waldron Assistant. 

Miss  Mary  Knight Assistant,  Seed  Laboratory. 

Miss  Louise  Rademacher.. Assistant,  Bacteriological  Laboratory. 

Co-operative  Demonstration. 

C   R.  Hudson*.. State  Demonstration  Agent. 

T.  E.  Browne*.,. In  Charge  Boys'  Corn  Clubs. 

H.  H.  B.  Mask Assistant. 

Miss  Louise  Wright Stenographer. 

Girls'  Demonstration  Work 

Mrs   Jane  McKimmon,*  In  Charge  Girls'  Demonstration  Work 

and  Assistant  Director  of  Institutes. 
Miss  Minnie  Jamison* Assistant  in  Home  Demonstration  Work. 

*In  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 


Official  Register,  1919.  13 

Miss  L.  Wingfteld Assistant  in  Home  Demonstration  Work. 

M  ss  Carrie  Mos'  s* Stenographer. 

Mrs.  F.  E.  Thomison Stenographer. 

Drainage  Work. 
H.  M.  Lynde* Drainage  Engineer 

Division  of  Agronomy. 

C.  B.  Williams* Agronomist  in  Extension  Work. 

W.  F.  Pate ". Assistant 

E.  C.  Blair Assistant. 

W.  A.  Da  vis- _ Assistant. 

G.  M.  Garren Assistant. 

Division  of  Co-operative  Marketing. 

W.  R.  Camp* Chief,  Cooperative  Marketing. 

C.  S.  Jonfs Assistant 

Mrs.  A.  A.  Carlisle Stenographer. 

W.  E.  Gannett 1 Assistant. 

Office  of  Information. 

F.  II.  Jeter        _       Agricultural  Editor. 

D.  G.  Conn.... Bulletin  Clerk. 

A.  O.  Alford Mailing  Clerk. 

Test  Farms. 

W.  J.  Brockington,  Superintendent  Pender  Test  Farm,  Willard,  N.  C. 
F.  T.  Meacham,  Superintendent  Iredell  Test  Farm,  Statesville,  N.  C. 

C.  E.  Clark,  Superintendent  Edgecombe  Test  Farm,  Rocky  Mount,  N.  C. 
S.  C.  Clapp,  Superintendent  Buncombe  Test  Farm,  Swannanoa,  N.  C. 

E.  G.  Moss.  Superintendent  Granville  Test  Farm.  Oxford,  N.  C. 
H.  Bocker,  Superintendent  Washington  Test  Farm,  Winona,  N.  C. 

O.  J.  McConnell Cotton  Grader. 

S.  J.  Rubinow In  Charge  of  Fairs. 

department  of  labor  and  printing. 

M.  L.  Shipman Commissioner Henderson. 

Lawrence  E.  Nichols Assistant  Commissioner Wake. 

Miss  Gladi  s  Willia*  son Stenographer Wake. 

Commercial  Printing  Co...  ] 

Edwar:  s  &  Broughton  j-  State  Printers Wake. 

Printing  Co J 

insurance  department. 

Jamfs  R.  Young.. Commissioner Vance. 

S.  W.  Wade Deputy Carteret. 

Capt.  E.  T.  Burr Actuary = Wake. 

Maj.  J.  J.  Bernard. __ Chief  Clerk Wake. 

M  ss  Ida  Montgomery .Cashier  and  Stenographer Warren. 

M  ss  Eva  Powell License  Clerk Wake. 

Miss  Mildred  C.  Wester Stenographer Vance. 

fire  marshal  department. 

Capt.  W.  A.  Scott Deputy  and  Investigator Guilford. 

Capt.  F.  M.  Jordan Deputy  and  Investigator.. Buncombe. 

Capt.  Sherwood  Brockwell. Deputy  and  Fire  Prevention  Expert Wake. 

N.  E.  Cannady Deputy  and  State  Electrical  Inspector Granville. 

W.  M.  Royster Fire  Insurance  Expert Edgecombe. 

Miss  Pattie  Jordan Clerk  and  Stenographer Caswell. 

historical  commission. 

J.  Bryan  Grimes Chairman Pitt. 

W.  J.  Peele Commissioner ..Wake. 

Thom/s  M.  Pittman Commissioner Vance. 

M.  C.  S.  Noble Commissioner Orange. 

D.  H.  Hill Commissioner Wake. 


*In  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 


14  Official  Register,  1919. 

It.  D.  W.  Connor.. Secretary.. Wake. 

Legislative  Reference  Librarian 

Miss  Marjory  Terrell.. Stenographer Wake. 

F.  A.  Olis Collector  for  the  Hall  of  History Wake. 

Mrs.  .1    M.  Wivfree Restorer  of  Manuscripts Wake. 

Mrb   W.  S.  WtsT. ..File  Clerk .Wake. 

Miss  Sophie  D.  Busbee .Stenographer ..Wake. 

STATE  LIBRARY. 

Miss  Carrie  Broughton ...Librarian Wake. 

Miss  Bissie  King Assistant  Librarian Wake. 

Trustees  of  the  Stale  Library. —  Governor,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Secre- 
tary of  State. 

Purchasing  Committee. —  Miss  Carrie  L.  Broughton,  W.  E.  Stone,  Mrs.  E.  R.  Blan- 
ton,  Marshall  DeLancey  Haywood. 

library  commission. 

C.  C.  Wright Chairman Wilkes. 

Annie  F.  Petty Vice  Chairman Guilford. 

Charles  Lee  Smith Treasurer Wake. 

Carrie  L.  Broughton Commissioner Wake. 

E.  C  .  BprvoFs Commissioner Durham. 

Mrs.  Minnie  L.  Blanton Secretary  and  Director Wake. 

Mary  S.  Yates Librarian. Guilford. 

Etta  D.  Perry Stenographer  and  Clerk Wake. 

state  board  of  health. 

Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Health. 

J.  Howell  Way,  M.D ...President. __. Wavnesville. 

R.  H.  Lewis,  M  D... Member  of  Board Raleigh. 

J.  L.  Ludlow,  C.E Member  of  Board Winston-Salem. 

Thom.-s  E.  Anderson,  M.D Member  of  Board Statesville. 

Ch   s.  O'H.  Laughinghouse,  M.D.__Member  of  Board Greenville. 

Edward  J.  Wood,  M.D Member  of  Board Wilmington. 

F.  R.  Harris,  M.D... Member  of  Board Henderson. 

Cyrus  Thomtson,  M.D Member  of  Board Jacksonville. 

E.  C.  Register,  M.D Member  of  Board.. Charlotte. 

Executive  Department. 

W.  S.  Rankin,  M.D Secretary  and  State  Health  Officer.. -Cabarrus. 

Miss  Mae  Reynolds Clerk  and  Bookkeeper Wake. 

•  Bureau  of  Vital  Statistics. 

J.  R.  Gordon,  M.D Chief  of  Bureau Guilford. 

Miss  Ruth  Robinson. Stenographer Wake. 

Miss  Grayce  Reynolds Stenographer Wake. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Gilbert.. Clerk.^. Wake. 

Miss  Helen  Batchelor Tabulating  Clerk Wake. 

Miss  .Minnie  Batchelor Bookkeeper Wake. 

Miss  Margaret  Young Transcribing  Clerk Wake. 

Miss  Sallie  Hulin Clerk Wake. 

M:ss  Mattie  Woodward Clerk Wake. 

Miss  Blanche  Henderson Clerk Wake. 

MhB.  V.  S.  Williams Clerk Wake. 

Mrs.  L.  G.  Morrow Clerk Wake. 

Bureau  Engineering  and  Education. 

Warren  H.  Booker,  C.E Chief  of  Bureau Wake. 

Ronald  B.  Wilson Director  of  Publicity Pitt. 

Miss  Lucy  Hulin Mailing  Clerk Wake. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Faucette Assistant  Mailing  Clerk.. Wake. 

Bureau  of  Medical  Inspection  of  Schools. 

George  M.  Cooper,  M.D Director Sampson. 

Miss  Nora  Pratt ...Nurse Wake. 

Miss  Alma  Sorrell... .Stenographer  and  Clerk ..Wake. 


Official  Register,  1919.  15 

Bureau  of  County  Health  Work. 

B.  E.  Washburn,  M.D ...Director .Rutherford. 

Miss  Fannie  Washburn .Stenographer Rutherford. 

Bureau  of  Epidemiology. 

A.  McR.  Crouch,  M.D State  Epidemiologist Richmond. 

L.  L.  Williams,  M.D Field  Inspector Rutherford. 

Miss  Mary  Robinson Clerk  and  Stenographer .Wake. 

Miss  Cordelia  Tate Clerk Wake. 

Bureau  of  Infant  Hygiene. 

Mrs.  Kate  Brew  Vaughn Director Wake. 

Bureau  of  Venereal  Diseases. 

James  A.  Keiger,  M.D Director Stokes. 

Miss  Lillian  Turner Stenographer — ..Wake. 

State  Laboratory  of  Hygiene. 

Clarence  A.  Shore.  M.D Director. 

Miss  Margaret  McKimmon Stenographer  and  Bookkeeper. 

A.  B.  Greenwood,  M.D Manufacturing  Serologist. 

F.  W.  Temple Bacteriologist. 

H.  J.  Stock ard Bacteriologist. 

Margaret  Hall Bacteriologist. 

Clara  Bahret Bacteriologist  (Bacterial  Vaccines). 

Mary  F.  Frank, Serologist. 

Susannah  B.  Jones Chemist. 

Gladys  Dewar Stenographer. 

state  highway  commission. 

T.  W.  Bickett,  Governor Chairman Raleigh. 

Joseph  Hyde  Pratt Secretary Chapel  Hill. 

E.  C.  Duncan Commissioner. _ Raleigh. 

Bennehan  Cameron Commissioner Stagville. 

T.  F.  Hickerson Commissioner Chapel  Hill. 

W.  C.  Riddick Commissioner West  Raleigh. 

Guy  V.  Rober  s Commissioner Marshall. 

W.  S.  Fallis State  Highway  Engineer Raleigh. 

D.  H.  Winslow Maintenance  Engineer Raleigh. 

J.  B.  Clingman District  Supervisor Raleigh. 

George  Y.  Thomason District  Supervisor Raleigh. 

H.  Hocutt District  Supervisor Raleigh. 

A.  F.  Brown District  Supervisor Raleigh. 

J.  T.  L.'shley District  Supervisor Raleigh. 

W.  W.  Baker District  Supervisor Raleigh. 

W.  V.  Gemmingen District  Supervisor .Raleigh. 

W.  J.  Matthews District  Supervisor ." Raleigh. 

Ernest  Wilkinson District  Supervisor. Raleigh. 

state  board  of  public  charities  and  public  welfare. 

Members  of  Board. 

W.  A.  Blair,  Chairman Winston-Salem. 

Carey  J.  Hunter,  Vice-Chairman Raleigh. 

A.  W.  McAllister Greensboro. 

Rev.  M.  L.  Kbsler Thomasville. 

Mrs.  Walter  F.  Woodard , Wilson. 

Mrs.  Thom.  s  W.  Lingle Chapel  Hill. 

J.  A.  McAulay Mount  Gilead. 

R.  F.  Be.asley Commissioner. Union. 

Miss  Daisy  Denson Secretary Wake. 

adjutant  general's  department. 

Beverly  S.  Royster Adjutant  General Granville. 

Miss  Lelia  M.  Dye Secretary Wake. 

Joseph  J.  Bernard United  States  Property  and  Distributing 

Officer Wake. 

Francis  A.  Macon State  Property  and  Distributing  Officer Vance. 


16  Official  Register,  1919. 

BOARD  OF  PUBLIC    BUILDINGS  AND  GROUNDS. 

Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  State  Treasurer,  Attorney-General. 

T.  R.  Robertson Superintendent. 

Gei  irge  F.  Kennedy Custodian.  Administration  Building. 

W.  I>.  Terri _  .Janitor,  Capitol  Building. 

W.    I     Bf ks Night  Watchman,  Capitol  Building. 

W.  1 '.  Lam  bert Gardener,  Canitol  Grounds. 

C.  K.  King      Engineer,  Central  Heating  Plant. 

\\ .  ( '.  Horton Assistant  Engineer,  Central  Heating  Plant. 

E    E.  Barrow Custodian.  State  Departments  Building. 

\\  i  .si  i a,   Moseley Janitor,  State  Departments  Building. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  GEOLOGICAL  AND   ECONOMIC  SURVEY. 

T.  W.  Bickett,  Governor Ex  officio  Chairman Raleigh. 

Frank  Hewitt Member  of  Board Asheville. 

R    G.  Lassiter Member  of  Board Oxford. 

John  Sprunt  Hill Member  of  Board Durham. 

C.  C.  Smoot,  3d Member  of  Board.. No.Wilkesboro. 

Joseph  Hyde  Pratt. State  Geologist Chapel  Hill. 

J.  S.  Holmes State  Forester Chapel  Hill. 

Miss  H.  M.  Berry Secretary Chapel  Hill. 

state  prison. 

H.  B.  Vahner .Chairman Lexington. 

A.  E.  Smith Director Mount  Airy. 

W.  M.  S  \xders Director -.Smithfield. 

B.  F.  Shelton Director Speed. 

Frank  Gough Director Lumberton. 

J.  R.  Collie Superintendent Raleigh. 

S.  J.  Busbee Warden Raleigh. 

STATE  BOARD  OF  ELECTIONS. 

Wilson  G.  Lamb Chairman Williamston. 

R.  T.  Claywell Secretary Morganton. 

J.  W.  Pass Member Yadkinville. 

A.  B.  Freeman Member . Hendersonville . 

Clarence  Call.. Member Wilkesboro. 

fisheries  commission  board. 

E.  Chambeks  Smith .Chairman Raleigh. 

A.  V.  Cobb Commissioner Windsor. 

S.  P.  Hancock Commissioner Beaufort. 

E.  H.  Freeman. Commissioner Wilmington. 

T.  F.  Winslow Commissioner Hertford. 

H.  L.  Gibbs. Fish  Commissioner Oriental. 

state  standard  keeper. 
T.  F.  Brockwell... Raleigh. 


PART  I. 


THE  LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 


1.  Officers  and  Members  of  the  Senate. 

2.  Senatorial  Districts. 

3.  Rules  of  the  Senate. 

4.  Standing  Committees  of  the  Senate. 

5.  Officers  and  Members  of  the  House  of 

Representatives. 

6.  Rules  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

7.  Standing  Committees  of  the  House  of 

Representatives. 


OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SENATE. 


OFFICERS. 

O.  Max  Gardner President    Cleveland 

Lindsay  C.  Warren President  pro  tern Beaufort 

R.   O.   Self Principal  Clerk   Forsyth 

W.  D.  Gaster Sergeant-at-arms    Cumberland 

C.  C.  Broughton Reading  Clerk  Montgomery 

J.  W.  Hughes Engrossing  Clerk  Beaufort 


SENATORS,  1919. 

First  District— W.  T.  Cross  (D.),  Gatesville;  M.  W.  Ferebee  (D.), 
Elizabeth  City. 

Second  District — W.  S.  Davenport  (D.),  Mackeys;  Lindsay  C.  War- 
ren (D.),  Washington. 

Third  District— Dr.  W.  Mitchell  (D.),  Lewiston. 

Fourth  District — Geo.  A.  Holderness  (D.),  Tarboro;  W.  L.  Long 
(D.),  Roanoke  Rapids. 

Fifth  District — F.  C.  Harding   (D.),  Greenville. 

Sixth  District — T.  T.  Ross  (D.),  Nashville;  H.  G.  Connor,  Jr.  (D.), 
Wilson. 

Seventh  District — George  V.  Cowper  (D.),  Kinston;  F.  Brock  (D.), 
Trenton. 

Eighth  District — Earle  A.  Humphrey  (D.),  Goldsboro. 

Ninth  District— Dr.  R.  L.  Carr  (D.),  Rose  Hill. 

Tenth  District — W.  B.  Cooper  (D.),  Wilmington. 

Eleventh  District — J.  A.  Brown   (D.),  Chadbourn.^ 

Twelfth  District — H.  E.  Stacy  (D.),  Lumberton. 

Thirteenth  District — J.  W.  Johnson    (D.),  Raeford. 

Fourteenth  District — W.  H.  Fisher  (R.),  Clinton;  Edward  L. 
Gavin,  Jr.    (R.),  Sanford. 

Fifteenth  District— E.  C.  Beddingfield  (D.),  Raleigh,  R.  F.  D.  1. 

Sixteenth  District — M.  J.  Hawkins  (D.),  Ridgeway. 

Seventeenth  District— T.  G.  Currin  (D.),  Oxford,  R.  F.  D.  6. 


20  Legislative  Department. 

Eighteenth  District — Geo.  L.  Williamson  (D.),  Yanceyville;  Lyn- 
don Patterson    (D.),  Chapel  Hill  R.  F.  D. 

Nineteenth  District— P.  W.  Glidewell   (D.),  Reidsville. 

Twentieth  District — A.  M.  Scales   (D.),  Greensboro. 

Twenty-first  District — Robt.  L.  Burns  (D.),  Carthage;  Wilkins  P. 
Horton    (D. ),  Pittsboro. 

Twenty-second  District — N.  V.  Long    (R.),  Biscoe. 

Twenty-third  District — J.  N.  Price  (D.),  Monroe,  R.  F.  D.  5;  J.  F. 
Shinn  (D.),  Norwood. 

Twenty-fourth  District — J.  L.  DeLaney  (D.),  Charlotte;  A.  B.  Pal- 
mer  (D.),  Concord. 

Twenty-fifth  District — R.  Lee  Wright   (D.),  Salisbury. 

Twenty-sixth  District — James  A.  Gray,  Jr.   (D.),  Winston-Salem. 

Twenty-seventh  District.    R.  L.  Haymore  (R.),  Mount  Airy. 

Twenty-eighth  District — James  L.  Sheek  (R.),  Mocksville. 

Twenty-ninth  District — Dorman  Thompson   (D.),  Statesville. 

Thirtieth  District — W.  A.  Reinhardt   (R.),  Newton. 

Thirty-first  District — A.  G.  Mangum   (D.),  Gastonia. 

Thirty-second  District— D.  Z.  Newton  (D.),  Shelby;  E.  B.  Cloud, 
(D.),  Columbus. 

Thirty-third  District— E.  F.  Wakefield  (R.),  Lenoir;  T.  Ovid 
Teague  (R.),  Taylorsville. 

Thirty-fourth  District — E.  F.  Lovill    (D.),  Boone. 

Thirty-fifth  District — James  L.  Hyath  (R.),  Burnsville. 

Thirty-sixth  District — Henry  B.  Stevens  (D.),  Asheville. 

Thirty-seventh  District — 0.  B.  Coward  (D.),  Webster. 

Thirty-eighth  District — R.  D.  Sisk   (R.),  Franklin. 


SENATORIAL  DISTRICTS 

First  District — Perquimans,  Currituck,  Chowan,  Gates,  Pasquotank, 
Camden,  and  Hertford  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Second  District — Martin.  Washington,  Tyrrell,  Dare,  Beaufort, 
Hyde,  and  Pamlico  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Third  District — Northampton  and  Bertie  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Fourth  District — Halifax  and  Edgecombe  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Fifth  District — Pitt  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Sixth  District — Franklin,  Nash,  and  Wilson  shall  elect  two  Sena- 
tors. 


Senatorial  Districts.  21 

Seventh  District — Carteret,  Craven,  Greene,  Jones,  Lenoir,  and 
Onslow  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Eighth  District — Wayne  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Ninth  District — Duplin  and  Pender  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Tenth  District — New  Hanover  and  Brunswick  shall  elect  one 
Senator. 

Eleventh  District — Bladen  and  Columbus  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Twelfth  District — Robeson  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Thirteenth  District — Cumberland  and  Hoke  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Fourteenth  District — Harnett,  Johnston,  Lee,  and  Sampson  shall 
elect  two  Senators. 

Fifteenth  District — Wake  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Sixteenth  District — Vance  and  Warren  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Seventeenth  District — Granville  and  Person  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Eighteenth  District — Caswell,  Alamance,  Orange,  and  Durham 
shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Nineteenth  District — Rockingham  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Twentieth  District — Guilford  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Twenty-first  District — Chatham,  Moore,  Richmond,  and  Scotland 
shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Twenty-second  District — Montgomery  and  Randolph  shall  elect 
one  Senator. 

Twenty-third  District — Anson,  Davidson,  Stanly,  and  Union  shall 
elect  two  Senators. 

Twenty-fourth  District — Cabarrus  and  Mecklenburg  shall  elect  two 
Senators. 

Twenty-fifth  District — Rowan  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Twenty-Sixth  District — Forsyth  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Twenty-seventh  District — Stokes  and  Surry  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Twenty-eighth  District— Davie,  Wilkes,  and  Yadkin  shall  elect  one 
Senator. 

Twenty-ninth  District — Iredell  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Thirtieth  District — Catawba  and  Lincoln  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Thirty-first  District — Gaston  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Thirty-second  District — Cleveland,  Henderson,  Polk,  and  Ruther- 
ford shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Thirty-third  District — Alexander,  Burke,  Caldwell,  and  McDowell 
shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Thirty-fourth  District — Alleghany,  Ashe,  and  Watauga  shall  elect 
one  Senator. 


22  Legislative  Department. 

Thirty-fifth  District— Avery,  .Madison,  Mitchell,  and  Yancey  shall 
elect  one  Senator. 

Thirty-sixth  District — Buncombe  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Thirty-seventh  District — Haywood,  Jackson,  Transylvania,  and 
Swain  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Thirty-eighth  District — Cherokee,  Clay,  Graham,  and  Macon  shall 
elect  one  Senator. 


RULES  OF  THE  SENATE. 

ORDER  OF   BUSINESS. 

1.  The  President  having  taken  the  chair  at  the  hour  to  which  the 
Senate  shall  have  adjourned,  and  a  quorum  being  present,  the  Jour- 
nal of  the  preceding  day  shall  be  read,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by 
the  Senate,  to  the  end  that  any  mistake  may  be  corrected. 

2.  After  reading  and  approval  of  the  Journal,  the  order  of  business 
shall  be  as  follows: 

(1)  Reports  of  Standing  Committees. 

(2)  Reports  of  Select  Committees. 

(3)  Announcement  of  Petitions,  Bills  and  Resolutions. 

(4)  Unfinished  Business  of  preceding  day. 

(5)  Special  Orders. 

(6)  General  Orders:  First,  bills  and  resolutions  on  third  reading; 
second,  bills  and  resolutions  on  second  reading;  but  messages  from 
the  Governor  and  House  of  Representatives,  and  communications  and 
reports  from  State  officers,  and  reports  from  the  Committees  on  En- 
grossed Bills  and  Enrolled  Bills  may  be  received  and  acted  on  under 
any  order  of  business. 

POWERS    AND   DUTIES    OF    THE   PRESIDENT. 

3.  He  shall  take  the  chair  promptly  at  the  appointed  time  and  pro- 
ceed with  the  business  of  the  Senate  according  to  the  rules  adopted. 
At  any  time  during  the  absence  of  the  President,  the  President  pro 
tempore,  who  shall  be  elected,  shall  preside,  and  he  is  hereby  vested, 
during  such  time,  with  all  powers  of  the  President,  except  that  of 
giving  a  casting  vote  in  case  of  a  tie,  when  he  shall  have  voted  as  a 
Senator. 


Rules  of  the  Senate.  23 

4.  He  shall  assign  to  Doorkeepers  their  respective  duties  and  shall 
appoint  such  pages  and  laborers  as  may  be  necessary,  each  of  whom 
shall  receive  the  same  compensation  as  is  now  provided  by  law. 

POWERS   AND  DUTIES   OF   THE  CLERK. 

5.  The  President  and  Clerk  of  the  Senate  shall  see  that  all  bills 
shall  be  acted  upon  by  the  Senate  in  the  order  in  which  they  stand 
upon  the  Calendar,  unless  otherwise  ordered,  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided. The  Calendar  shall  include  the  numbers  and  titles  of  bills 
and  joint  resolutions  which  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  have  been  received  by  the  Senate  for  concurrence. 

6.  The  Clerk  shall  certify  the  passage  of  bills  by  the  Senate,  with 
the  date  thereof,  together  with  the  fact  whether  passed  by  a  vote  of 
three-fifths  or  two-thirds  of  the  Senate,  whenever  such  vote  may  be 
required  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  State. 

ON  THE  RIGHTS  AND  DUTIES  OF  SENATORS. 

7.  Every  Senator  presenting  a  paper  shall  endorse  the  same;  if  a 
petition,  memorial,  or  report  to  the  General  Assembly,  with  a  brief 
statement  of  its  subject  or  contents,  adding  his  name;  if  a  resolution, 
with  his  name;  if  a  report  of  a  committee,  a  statement  of  such  re- 
port, with  the  name  of  the  committee,  and  member  making  the  same; 
if  a  bill,  a  statement  of  its  title,  which  shall  contain  a  brief  state- 
ment of  the  subject  or  contents  of  the  bill,  with  his  name;  and  all 
bills,  resolutions,  petitions  and  memorials  shall  be  delivered  to  the 
Clerk  and  by  him  handed  to  the  President,  to  be  by  him  referred,  and 
he  shall  announce  the  titles  and  references  of  the  same,  which  shall 
be  entered  on  the  Journal. 

8.  All  motions  shall  be  reduced  to  writing,  if  desired  by  the  Presi- 
dent or  any  Senator,  delivered  at  the  table  and  read  by  the  President 
or  Clerk,  before  the  same  shall  be  debated;  but  any  such  motion  may 
be  withdrawn  by  the  introducer  at  any  time  before  decision  or 
amendment. 

9.  If  any  question  contains  several  distinct  propositions,  it  shall  be 
divided  by  the  President,  at  the  request  of  any  Senator:  Provided, 
each  subdivision,  if  left  to  itself,  shall  form  a  substantive  proposition. 

10.  When  the  President  is  putting  a  question,  or  a  division  by 
counting  shall  be  had.  no  Senator  shall  walk  out  of  or  across  the 


24  Legislative  Department. 

house,  nor,  when  a  Senator  is  speaking,  pass  between  him  and  the 
President. 

11.  Every  Senator  wishing  to  speak  or  debate,  or  to  present  a  peti- 
tion or  other  paper,  or  to  make  a  motion  or  report,  shall  rise  from 
his  seat  and  address  the  President,  and  shall  not  proceed  further  un- 
til recognized  by  him.  No  Senator  shall  speak  or  debate  more  than 
twice  nor  longer  than  thirty  minutes  on  the  same  day  on  the  same 
subject  without  leave  of  the  Senate,  and  when  two  or  more  Senators 
rise  at  once  the  President  shall  name  the  Senator  who  is  first  to 
speak. 

12.  Every  Senator  who  shall  be  within  the  bar  of  the  Senate  when 
the  question  is  stated  by  the  Chair  shall  vote  thereon,  unless  he  shall 
be  excused  by  the  Senate,  or  unless  he  be  directly  interested  in  the 
question;  and  the  bar  of  the  Senate  shall  include  the  entire  Senate 
Chamber. 

13.  When  a  motion  to  adjourn,  or  for  recess,  shall  be  affirmatively 
determined,  no  member  or  officer  shall  leave  his  place  until  adjourn- 
ment or  recess  shall  be  declared  by  the  President. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES. 

14.  The  following  committees  shall  be  named  by  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor: 

On  Agriculture. 

On  Appropriations. 

On  Banks  and  Currency. 

On  Claims. 

On  Commerce. 

On  Congressional  Apportionment. 

On  Constitutional  Amendments. 

On  Corporation  Commission. 

On  Corporations. 

On  Counties,  Cities,  and  Towns. 

On  Distribution  of  Governor's  Message. 

On  Education. 

On  Election  Law. 

On  Engrossed  Bills. 

On  Federal  Relations. 

On  Finance. 

On  Fish  and  Fisheries. 


Rules  of  the  Senate.  25 

On  Caswell  Training  School. 

On  Game  Law. 

On  Immigration. 

On  Insane  Asylums. 

On  Institutions  for  the  Blind. 

On  Institutions  for  the  Deaf. 

On  Insurance. 

On  Internal  Improvements. 

On  Journal. 

On  Judicial  Districts. 

On  Judiciary,  No.  1. 

On  Judiciary,  No.  2. 

On  Manufacturing. 

On  Military  Affairs. 

On  Mining. 

On  Penal  Institutions. 

On  Pensions  and  Soldiers'  Home. 

On  Propositions  and  Grievances. 

On  Public  Health. 

On  Public  Roads. 

On  Railroads. 

On  Rules. 

On  Salaries  and  Fees. 

On  Senate  Expenditures. 

On  Shellfish. 

JOINT    COMMITTEES. 

15.  On  Library. 
On  Printing. 

On  Trustees  of  University. 
On  Revisal. 

16.  The  Committee  on  Engrossed  Bills  shall  examine  all  bills, 
amendments  and  resolutions  before  they  go  out  of  the  possession  of 
the  Senate,  and  make  a  report  when  they  find  them  correctly  en- 
grossed: Provided,  that  when  a  bill  is  typewritten,  and  has  no  inter- 
lineations therein,  and  has  passed  the  Senate  without  amendment,  it 
shall  be  sent  to  the  House  without  engrossment,  unless  otherwise 
ordered. 

17.  The  Committee  on  Appropriations  shall  carefully  examine  all 
bills  and  resolutions  appropriating  or  paying  any  moneys  out  of  the 


26  Legislative  Department. 

State  Treasury,  except  bills  creating  or  increasing  salaries,  which 
shall  be  referred  to  the  proper  committee:  Provided,  said  com- 
mittee shall  report  to  the  Appropriation  Committee  the  amount 
allowed,  and  keep  an  accurate  record  of  the  same  and  report  to  the 
Senate  from  time  to  time. 

18.  Every  report  of  the  committee  upon  a  bill  or  resolution  which 
shall  not  be  considered  at  the  time  of  making  the  same,  or  laid  on 
the  table  by  a  vote  of  the  Senate,  shall  stand  upon  the  General 
Orders  with  the  bill  or  resolution;  and  the  report  of  the  committee 
shall  show  that  a  majority  of  the  committee  were  present  and  voted. 

19.  That  no  committee  shall  be  composed  of  more  than  nine  mem- 
bers, unless  the  Lieutenant-Governor  shall,  without  objection  from 
the  Senate,  appoint  a  greater  number  on  any  committee. 

ON   GENERAL  ORDERS   AND   SPECIAL  ORDERS. 

20.  Any  bill  or  other  matter  may  be  made  a  Special  Order  for  a 
particular  day  or  hour  by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of  the  Senators  vot- 
ing, and  if  it  shall  not  be  completed  on  that  day  it  shall  be  returned 
to  its  place  on  the  Calendar,  unless  it  shall  be  made  a  Special  Order 
for  another  day;  and  when  a  Special  Order  is  under  consideration  it 
shall  take  precedence  of  any  Special  Order  or  a  subsequent  order  for 
the  day,  but  such  subsequent  order  may  be  taken  up  immediately 
after  the  previous  Special  Order  has  been  disposed  of. 

21.  Every  bill  shall  receive  three  readings  previous  to  its  being 
passed,  and  the  President  shall  give  notice  at  each  whether  it  be 
the  first,  second,  or  third.  After  the  first  reading,  unless  a  motion 
shall  be  made  by  some  Senator,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President 
to  refer  the  subject-matter  to  an  appropriate  committee.  No  bill 
shall  be  amended  until  it  shall  have  been  twice  read. 

PROCEEDINGS   WHEN   THERE   IS    NOT   A    QUORUM   VOTING. 

22.  If,  on  taking  the  question  on  a  bill,  it  shall  appear  that  a  con- 
stitutional quorum  is  not  present,  or  if  the  bill  require  a  vote  of  a 
certain  proportion  of  all  the  Senators  to  pass  it,  and  it  appears  that 
such  number  is  not  present,  the  bill  shall  be  again  read  and  the 
question  taken  thereon;  if  the  bill  fail  a  second  time  for  the  want  of 
the  necessary  number  being  present  and  voting,  the  bill  shall  not  be 
finally  lost,  but  shall  be  returned  to  the  Calendar  in  its  proper  order. 


Rules  of  the  Senate.  27 

precedence  of  motions. 

23.  When  a  question  is  before  the  Senate,  no  motion  shall  be  re- 
ceived except  those  herein  specified,  which  motions  shall  have  prece- 
dence as  follows,  viz.: 

(1)  For  an  adjournment. 

(2)  To  lay  on  the  table. 

(3)  For  the  previous  question. 

(4)  To  postpone  indefinitely. 

(5)  To  postpone  to  a  certain  day. 

(6)  To  commit  to  a  standing  committee. 

(7)  To  commit  to  a  select  committee. 

(8)  To  amend. 

(9)  To  substitute. 

24.  The  previous  question  shall  be  as  follows:  "Shall  the  main 
question  be  now  put?"  and,  until  it  is  decided,  shall  preclude  all 
amendments  and  debate.  If  this  question  shall  be  decided  in  the 
affirmative,  the  "main  question"  shall  be  on  the  passage  of  the  bill, 
resolution  or  other  matter  under  consideration;  but  when  amend- 
ments are  pending,  the  question  shall  be  taken  up  on  such  amend- 
ments, in  their  order,  without  further  debate  or  amendment.  How- 
ever, any  Senator  may  move  the  previous  question  and  may  restrict 
the  same  to  an  amendment  or  other  matter  then  under  discussion. 
If  such  question  be  decided  in  the  negative,  the  main  question  shall 
be  considered  as  remaining  under  debate. 

25.  When  a  motion  for  the  previous  question  is  made,  and  pend- 
ing a  second  thereto  by  a  majority,  debate  shall  bease,  and  only  a 
motion  to  adjourn  or  lay  on  the  table  shall  be  in  order,  which  mo- 
tions shall  be  put  as  follows:  Adjourn;  previous  question;  lay  on 
the  table.  After  a  motion  for  the  previous  question  is  made,  pend- 
ing a  second  thereto,  any  member  may  give  notice  that  he  desires  to 
offer  an  amendment  to  the  bill  or  other  matter  under  consideration; 
and  after  the  previous  question  is  seconded,  such  member  shall  be 
entitled  to  offer  his  amendment  in  pursuance  of  such  notice. 

OTHER   QUESTIONS   TO   BE  TAKEN   WITHOUT   DEBATE. 

26.  The  motions  to  adjourn  and  lay  on  the  table  shall  be  decided 
without  debate,  and  the  motion  to  adjourn  shall  always  be  in  order 
when  made  by  a  Senator  entitled  to  the  floor. 


28  Legislative  Department. 

27.  The  respective  motions  to  postpone  to  a  certain  day,  or  to  com- 
mit, shall  preclude  debate  on  the  main  question. 

28.  All  questions  relating  to  priority  of  business  shall  be  decided 
without  debate. 

29.  When  the  reading  of  a  paper  is  called  for,  except  petitions, 
and  the  same  is  objected  to  by  any  Senator,  it  shall  be  determined 
by  the  Senate  without  debate. 

30.  Any  Senator  requesting  to  be  excused  from  voting  may  make, 
either  immediately  before  or  after  the  vote  shall  have  been  called, 
and  before  the  result  shall  have  been  announced,  a  brief  statement 
of  the  reasons  for  making  such  request,  and  the  question  shall  then 
be  taken  without  debate.  Any  Senator  may  explain  his  vote  on  any 
bill  pending  by  obtaining  permission  of  the  President  before  the 
vote  is  put:  Provided,  that  not  more  than  three  minutes  shall  be 
consumed  in  such  explanation. 

questions  that  require  a  two-thirds  vote. 

31.  No  bill  or  resolution  on  its  third  reading  shall  be  acted  on  out 
of  the  regular  order  in  which  it  stands  on  the  Calendar,  and  no  bill 
or  resolution  shall  be  acted  upon  on  its  third  reading  the  same  day 
on  which  it  passed  its  second  reading,  unless  so  ordered  by  two- 
thirds  of  the  Senators  present. 

32.  No  bill  or  resolution  shall  be  sent  from  the  Senate  on  the  day 
of  its  passage,  except  on  the  last  day  of  the  session,  unless  otherwise 
ordered  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present. 

33.  No  bill  or  resolution,  after  being  laid  upon  the  table  upon  mo- 
tion, shall  be  taken  therefrom  except  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the 
Senators  present. 

DECORUM   IN   DEBATE. 

34.  Xo  remark  reflecting  personally  upon  the  action  of  any  Senator 
shall  be  in  order  in  debate,  unless  preceded  by  a  motion  or  resolution 
of  censure. 

35.  When  a  Senator  shall  be  called  to  order  he  shall  take  his  seat 
until  the  President  shall  have  determined  whether  he  was  in  order 
or  not;  if  decided  to  be  out  of  order,  he  shall  not  proceed  without 
the  permission  of  the  Senate,  and  every  question  of  order  shall  be 
decided  by  the  President,  subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  Senate  by  any 
Senator;   and  if  a  Senator  is  called  to  order  for  words  spoken,  the 


Rules  op  the  Senate.  29 

words  excepted  to  shall  be  immediately  taken  down  in  writing,  that 
the  President  or  Senate  may  be  better  able  to  judge  of  the  matter. 

MISCELLANEOUS  RULES. 

36.  When  a  blank  is  to  be  filled,  and  different  sums  or  times  shall 
be  proposed,  the  question  shall  be  first  taken  on  the  highest  sum  or 
the  longest  time. 

37.  When  a  question  has  been  once  put  and  decided,  it  shall  be  in 
order  for  any  Senator  who  shall  have  voted  in  the  majority  to  move 
a  reconsideration  thereof;  but  no  motion  for  the  reconsideration  of 
any  vote  shall  be  in  order  after  the  bill,  resolution,  message,  report, 
amendment  or  motion  upon  which  the  vote  was  taken  shall  have 
gone  out  of  the  possession  of  the  Senate;  nor  shall  any  motion  for 
reconsideration  be  in  order  unless  made  on  the  same  day,  or  the 
next  following  legislative  day,  on  which  the  vote  proposed  to  be 
reconsidered  shall  have  taken  place,  unless  the  same  shall  be  made 
by  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills  for  verbal  or  grammatical  errors 
in  the  bills,  when  the  same  may  be  made  at  any  time.  Nor  shall  any 
question  be  reconsidered  more  than  once. 

38.  All  bills  and  resolutions  shall  take  their  place  upon  the  Calen- 
dar according  to  their  number,  and  shall  be  taken  up  in  regular 
order,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

39.  No  smoking  shall  be  allowed  within  the  Senate  Chamber  dur- 
ing the  sessions. 

40.  Senators  and  visitors  shall  uncover  their  heads  upon  entering 
the  Senate  Chamber  while  the  Senate  is  in  session,  and  shall  con- 
tinue uncovered  during  their  continuance  in  the  Chamber. 

41.  No  Senator  or  officer  of  the  Senate  shall  depart  the  service  of 
the  Senate  without  leave,  or  receive  pay  as  a  Senator  or  officer  for 
the  time  he  is  absent  without  leave. 

42.  No  person  other  than  the  executive  and  judicial  officers  of  the 
State,  members  and  officers  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  ex-members  shall  be  permitted  within  the  Senate  Chamber. 

43.  No  rule  of  the  Senate  shall  be  altered,  suspended  or  rescinded 
except  on  a  two  thirds  vote  of  the  Senators  present:  Provided,  that 
this  shall  not  apply  to  Rule  55. 

44.  In  case  a  less  number  than  a  quorum  of  the  Senate  shall  con- 
vene, they  are  authorized  to  send  the  doorkeeper,  or  any  other  per- 
son, for  any  or  all  absent  Senators,  as  a  majority  of  the  Senators 
present  shall  determine. 


30  Legislative  Department. 

45.  The  ayes  and  noes  may  be  called  for  on  any  question  before  the 
vote  is  taken,  and  if  seconded  by  one-fifth  of  the  Senators  present, 
the  question  shall  be  decided  by  the  ayes  and  noes,  and  the  same 
shall  be  entered  upon  the  Journal. 

46.  The  President  of  the  Senate,  whenever  it  shall  appear  to  him 
to  be  necessary  in  order  to  expedite  the  public  business,  shall  appoint 
clerks  to  such  Senate  Committees  as  may  be  in  need  of  same. 

47.  Every  bill  introduced  into  the  Senate  shall  be  printed  or  type- 
written.    Amendments  need  not  be  typewritten. 

48.  The  Clerk  of  the  Senate  shall  provide  a  box  of  sufficient  size, 
with  an  opening  through  the  top,  for  the  reception  of  bills.  Such  box 
shall  be  kept  under  lock  and  key  and  shall  be  stationed  on  the  Clerk's 
desk.  The  President  of  the  Senate  shall  have  in  his  charge  and  keep- 
ing the  key  to  such  box.  All  bills  which  are  to  be  introduced  into 
the  Senate  shall  be  deposited  in  such  box  before  the  session  begins. 
At  the  proper  time  the  President  shall  open  the  box  and  take  there- 
from the  bills.  Such  bills  shall  be  read  by  their  titles,  which  reading 
shall  constitute  the  first  reading  of  the  bill,  and  unless  otherwise  dis- 
posed of  shall  be  referred  to  the  proper  committee.  A  bill  may  be  in- 
troduced by  unanimous  consent  at  any  time  during  the  session. 

49.  The  Chief  Engrossing  Clerk  of  the  Senate  shall  appoint,  with 
the  approval  of  the  President  of  the  Senate,  as  his  assistants,  not 
more  than  four  competent  stenographers  and  typewriters.  Should 
the  public  business  require  more  than  this  number  the  presiding  offi- 
cer may  appoint  such  additional  ones  as  may  be  necessary.  Such 
stenographers  and  typewriters  shall  work  under  the  direction  and 
supervision  of  the  Engrossing  Clerk.  They  shall  also  make  for  the 
members  who  introduce  a  bill,  without  extra  cost,  one  original  and 
two  carbon  copies  of  all  bills. 

50.  The  Journal  of  the  Senate  shall  be  typewritten  in  a  duplicate, 
original  and  carbon,  the  original  to  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  as  the  record,  and  the  other  (carbon)  copy  to  be 
delivered  to  the  State  Printer. 

51.  All  bills  and  resolutions  reported  unfavorably  by  the  committee 
to  which  they  were  referred,  and  having  no  minority  report,  shall  lie 
upon  the  table,  but  may  be  taken  from  the  table  and  placed  upon  the 
Calendar  at  the  request  of  any  Senator. 

52.  That  in  case  of  adjournment  without  any  hour  being  named, 
the  Senate  shall  reconvene  the  next  legislative  day  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 


Senate  Committees.  31 

53.  When  a  bill  is  materially  modified  or  the  scope  of  its  applica- 
tion extended  or  decreased,  or  if  the  county  or  counties  to  which  it 
applies  be  changed,  the  title  of  the  bill  shall  be  changed  by  the  Sana- 
tor  introducing  the  bill  or  by  the  committee  having  it  in  charge,  or 
by  the  Engrossing  Clerk,  so  as  to  indicate  the  full  purport  of  the  bill 
as  amended  and  the  county  or  counties  to  which  it  applies. 

54.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Principal  Clerk  to  furnish  to  the 
presiding  officer  and  the  members  of  the  Senate  all  necessary  sta- 
tionery, which  shall  be  provided  for  out  of  the  funds  set  apart  for 
the  expenses  of  the  General  Assembly. 

55.  After  a  bill  has  been  tabled  or  has  failed  to  pass  on  any  of  its 
readings,  the  contents  of  such  bill  or  the  principal  provisions  of  its 
subject-matter  shall  not  be  embodied  in  any  other  measure.  Upon 
the  point  of  order  being  raised  and  sustained  by  the  Chair  such 
measure  shall  be  laid  upon  the  table,  and  shall  not  be  taken  there- 
from except  by  a  vote  of  two  thirds  of  the  elected  membership  of  the 
Senate:  Provided,  no  local  bill  shall  be  held  by  the  Chair  as  em- 
bodying the  provisions,  or  being  indentical  with  any  state-wide 
measure  which  has  been  laid  upon  the  table  or  failed  to  pass  any  of 
its  readings. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Agriculture — Senators  Davenport,  chairman;  Mitchell,  Hawkins, 
Holderness,  Brock,  Beddingfield,  Patterson,  Brown,  Cooper,  Johnson, 
Price,  DeLaney,  Cloud,  Teague. 

Appropriations — Senators  Holderness,  chairman;  Gray,  Warren, 
Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  Carr,  Horton,  Glidewell, 
Johnson,  Shinn,  Thompson,  Newton,  Coward,  Lovill,  Reinhardt, 
Teague. 

Claims — Senators  Coward,  chairman;  Mitchell,  Ross,  Hawkins, 
Williamston,  Haymore. 

Congressional  Apportionment — Senators  Palmer,  chairman;  Cross, 
Coward,  Brock,  Williamson,  Wright,  Fisher. 

Corporations — Senators  Burns,  chairman;  Long  of  Halifax,  Fere- 
bee,   Humphrey,   Shinn,  Coward,   Stephens,   Brock,  Gavin. 

Corporation  Commission — Senators  Beddingfield,  chairman;  Hard- 
ing, Hawkins,  Connor,  Thompson,  Newton,  Wakefield. 


32  Legislative  Department. 

Constitutional  Amendments — Senators  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  chair- 
man; Long  of  Halifax,  Glidewell,  Scales,  Newton,  Palmer,  Cloud, 
Stevens,  Fisher. 

Counties,  Cities,  and  Towns — Senators  Cooper  of  New  Hanover, 
chairman;  Johnson,  Warren,  Cross,  Mitchell,  Mangum,  Brock,  Con- 
nor, Palmer,  Ferebee,  Long  of  Montgomery,  Stacy. 

Commerce — Senators  Hawkins,  chairman;  Stacy,  Brown,  Cooper 
of  New  Hanover,  Carr,  Ross,  Sisk. 

Banking  and  Currency — Senators  Connor,  chairman;  Holderness, 
Gray,  Beddingfield,  Currin,  Stacy,  Coward,  Long  of  Halifax,  Fisher. 

Distribution  of  Governor's  Message — Senators  Williamson,  chair- 
man;   Davenport,  Horton,  Patterson,  Price,   Lovill,   Sisk. 

Education — Senators  Harding,  chairman;  Cooper  of  New  Hanover, 
Stacy,  Currin,  Shinn,  Cross,  Coward,  Lovill,  Stevens,  Cowper  of 
Lenoir,  Brown,  Hyatt. 

Enrolled  Bills — Senators  Burns,  chairman;  Cooper,  Horton,  Pat- 
terson, Brown,  Wright,  Carr,  Ross,  Mitchell,  Davenport,  DeLaney, 
Thompson,  Cloud,  Wakefield. 

Privileges  and  Elections — Senators  Price,  chairman;  Burns,  Fere- 
bee, Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Glidewell,  Mitchell,  Patterson,  Ross, 
Humphrey,  Teague. 

Pensions  and  Soldiers  Home — Senators  Lovill,  chairman;  Haw- 
kins, Williamson,  Currin,  Johnson,  Carr,  Davenport,  Long  of  Mont- 
gomery. 

Game  Laics — Senators  Brock,  chairman;  Coward,  Carr,  Price.  De- 
Laney, Newton,  Thompson,  Reinhardt. 

Insane  Asylums — Senators  Glidewell,  chairman;  Scales,  Hum- 
phrey, Connor,  Newton,   Horton,   Johnson,  Coward,   Wakefield. 

Institution  for  the  Blind — Senators  Beddingfield,  chairman;  Glide- 
well,  Cloud,  Mangum,  Scales,  Harding,  Price,  Mitchell,  Carr,  Sheek. 

Fish  and  Fisheries — Senators  Cross,  chairman;  Warren,  Daven- 
port, Ferebee,  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Long  of 
Halifax,  Mitchell,  Brown,  Fisher. 

Military  Affairs — Senators  Stacy,  chairman;  Scales,  Horton,  War- 
ren. DeLaney,  Mangum,  Newton,  Stevens,  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  Ross, 
Shinn,  Sheek. 

Internal  Improvements — Senators  Ross,  chairman;  Cloud,  Thomp- 
son, Wright,  Palmer,  Horton,  Patterson,  Davenport,  Gavin. 

Journal — Senators  Cloud,  chairman;  Thompson,  Wright,  Palmer, 
Burns.  Harding,  Cross,  Sisk. 


Senate  Committees.  33 

Judicial  Districts— Senators  Horton,  chairman;  Stevens,  Glide- 
well,  Cloud,  Wright,  Palmer,  Burns,  Stacy,  Harding,  Gavin. 

Insurance — Senators  DeLaney,  chairman;  Holderness,  Gray,  Hard- 
ing, Currin,  Scales,  Long,  Beddingfield,  Connor,  Haymore. 

Manufacturing — Senators  Mangum,  chairman;  Gray,  Shinn,  Cur- 
rin, Newton,  Palmer,  Patterson,  Long  of  Halifax,  Holderness,  De- 
Laney, Reinhardt. 

Railroads — Senators  Wright,  chairman;  Coward,  Lovill,  Bedding- 
field,  Brown,  Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Ross,  Ferebee,  Holderness, 
Gray,  Hyatt. 

Shellfish — Senators  Mitchell,  chairman;  Cooper  of  New  Hanover, 
Cross,  Ferebee,  Davenport,  Carr,  Humphrey,  Fisher. 

Mining — Senators  Patterson,  chairman;  Coward,  Thompson, 
Stevens,  Newton,  Williamson,  DeLaney,  Shinn,  Teague,  Haymore. 

Finance — Senators  Gray,  chairman;  Holderness,  Brown,  Harding, 
Warren,  Connor,  Humphrey,  Beddingfield,  Scales,  Stacy,  Burns, 
Wright,  Mangum,  Stevens,  Currin,  Hyatt. 

Judiciary  No.  1 — Senators  Scales,  chairman;  Warren,  Humphrey, 
Stacy,  Burns,  Harding,  Thompson,  Mangum,  Newton,  Stevens,  Hay- 
more. 

Judiciary  No.  2 — .Senators  Long  of  Halifax,  chairman;  Cowper, 
of  Lenoir,  Connor,  Glidewell,  Horton,  DeLaney,  Wright,  Palmer, 
Cloud,  Lovill,  Sisk,  Wakefield. 

Rules — .Senators  Warren,  chairman;  Long  of  Halifax,  Gray,  New- 
ton, Coward,  Stacy,  Currin,  Johnson. 

Institution  for  the  Deaf — 'Senators  Shinn,  chairman;  Horton, 
Brown,  Carr,  Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Ross,  Connor,  Thompson, 
Lovill,  Cloud,  Sheek. 

Immigration — Senators  Currin,  chairman;  Mangum,  Scales,  Burns, 
Patterson,  Hawkins,  Ross,  Gavin. 

Penal  Institutions — Senators  Thompson,  chairman;  Scales,  Burns, 
Price,  Ross,  Harding.  Stacy,  Mitchell,  Cross,  Johnson  of  Hoke,  Long 
of  Halifax,  Sheek,  Hyatt. 

Propositions  and  Grievances — Senators  Newton,  chairman;  Stacy, 
Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Warren,  Long  of  Halifax,  Lovill,  Johnson, 
Mangum,  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  Reinhardt. 

Public  Roads — Senators  Ferebee,  chairman;  DeLaney,  Warren, 
Long  of  Halifax,  Connor,  Hawkins,  Beddingfield,  Currin,  Brock, 
Stevens,  Mitchell,  Scales.  Coward,  Hyatt,  Long  of  Montgomery. 


34  Legislative  Department. 

Federal  Relations— Senators  Stevens,  chairman;  Carr,  Brown, 
Johnson,  Hawkins,  Glidewell,  Brock,  Mitchell,  Price,  Long  of  Mont- 
gomery, Hyatt. 

Engrossed  Bills— Senators  Carr,  chairman;  Cross,  Davenport. 
Harding,  Connor,  Brock,  Humphrey,  Brown,  Johnson,  Beddingfield, 
Long  of  Montgomery. 

Election  Laivs— Senators  Lovill,  chairman;  Palmer,  Scales,  Cow- 
per  of  Lenoir,  Wright,  Newton,  Glidewell,  Connor,  Hyatt. 

Caswell  Training  School— Senators  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  chairman; 
Harding,  Davenport,  Mitchell,  Humphrey,  Hawkins,  Glidewell,  Hor- 
ton,  Shinn,  Palmer,  Thompson,  Gavin. 

Senate  Expenditures — Senators  Johnson,  chairman;  Cross,  Fere- 
bee,  Ross,  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  Beddingfield,  Long  of  Montgomery. 

Salaries  and  .Fees— Senators  Humphrey,  chairman;  Burns,  Man- 
gum,  Newton,  Cross,  Stacy,  Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  Hawkins,  War- 
ren, Stevens,  Currin,  Fisher. 

Printing — Senators  Cooper  of  New  Hanover,  chairman;  Ferebee, 
Brock,  Patterson,  Williamson,  Hawkins,  Carr,  Price,  Wright,  Palmer, 
Cloud,  Lovill,  Sisk. 

Health— Senators  Brown,  chairman;  Long  of  Halifax,  Newton, 
Scales,  Connor,  Cowper  of  Lenoir,  Thompson,  Stacy,  Ross,  Patterson, 
Carr,  Reinhardt. 


OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF 
REPRESENTATIVES. 


OFFICERS. 

D.  G.  Bbummitt Speaker  Granville 

Alex.  Lassiter Principal  Clerk   Bertie 

D.  P.  Dellinger Reading  Clerk  Gaston 

J.  H.  Moring Sergeant-at-arms    Wake 

E.  J.  Jenkins Asst.  Sergeant-at-arms   Granville 

O.  P.  Shell Engrossing  Clerk   Harnett 


REPRESENTATIVES,  1910. 

Alamance — W.  J.  Graham    (D.),  Burlington. 
Alexander — Edgar  W.  Moose   (R.),  Taylorsville. 
Alleghany — R.  A.  Doughton   (D.),  Sparta. 
Anson — T.  C.  Coxe  (D.),  Wadesboro. 
Ashe — T.  A.  Farmer  (R.),  Lansing. 
Avery — J.  H.  Pritchard   (R.),  Heaton. 
Beaufort— W.  M.  Butt   (D.),  Bonnerton. 
Bertie — J.  H.  Matthews   (D.),  Windsor. 
Bladen— A.  M.  Kelly  (D.),  Abbottsburg. 
Brunswick — Dempsey  L.  Hewett  (R.),  Shallotte. 
Buncombe — J.  D.  Eckles    (D.),  Black  Mountain;    Luke  H.  Young 
(D.),  Leicester,  R.  F.  D. 
Burke — Joseph  E.  Wilson  (R.),  Rutherford  College. 
Cabarrus — A.  St.  Clair  Williams   (R.).  Concord. 
Caldwell— -E.  G.  Suttlemyre   (D.),  Granite  Falls. 
Camden — M.  L.  Burgess  (D.),  Old  Trap. 
Carteret — David  M.  Jones   (R.),  Beaufort. 
Caswell — John  E.  Tucker  (D.),  Yanceyville. 
Catawba — J.  A.  Fropst  (R.),  Conover. 
Chatham — A.  C.  Ray  (D.),  Pittsboro. 
Cherokee— T .  C.  McDonald  (R.),  Murphy,  R.  F.  D.  3. 
Chowan — J.  H.  McMullan,  Jr.   (D.).  Edenton. 
Clay — James  Penland   (R.),  Hayesville. 
Cleveland— O.  M.  Mull  (D.).  Shelby. 


36  Legislative  Department. 

Columbus— Walter  H.  Powell   (D.),  Whiteville. 

Craven — George  D.  Dail  (D.),  New  Bern. 

Cumberland — George  McNeill    (D.),  Fayetteville. 

Currituck — E.  R.  Johnson   (D.),  Currituck. 

Dare — B.  G.  Crisp   (D.),  Manteo. 

Davidson — A.  Mack  Hiatt  (R.),  Thomasville. 

Davie— John  F.  Smithdeal  (R.),  Advance. 

Duplin — Stacy  R.  Chestnut    (D.),  Alvin. 

Durham — Victor  S.  Bryant  (D.),  Durham;  Bennehan  Cameron 
(D.),  Stagville. 

Edgecombe — R.  T.  Fountain   (D.),  Rocky  Mount. 

Forsyth— R.  M.  Cox  (D.),  Rural  Hall,  R.  F.  D.  1;  J.  Turner  Farish 
(D.).  Winston-Salem. 

Franklin — William  H.  Macon   (D.),  Louisburg. 

Gaston— Dr.  S.  A.  Wilkins  (D.),  Dallas;  M.  A.  Stroup  (D.),  Cherry- 
ville. 

Gates— R.  W!  Gatling  (D.),  Gates. 

Graham — W.  P.  Rose  (R.),  Tapoca. 

Granville— D.  G.  Brummitt  (D.).  Oxford. 

Greene— -W.  A.  Darden   (D.),  Ayden,  R.  F.  D. 

Guilford— Thomas  J.  Gold  (D.),  High  Point;  W.  A.  Bowman  (D.), 
Liberty.  R.  F.  D.  2;  C.  G.  Wright   (D.).  Greensboro. 

Halifax— J.  H.  Darden  (D.),  Spring  Hill;  F.  M.  Taylor  (D.), 
Brinkleyville. 

Harnett — Geo.  K.  Grantham  (D.),  Dunn. 

Haywood — D.  L.  Boyd   (D.).  Waynesville. 

Henderson — Brownlow  Jackson    (R.),  Hendersonville. 

Hertford — Stanley  Winborne   (D.),  Murfreesboro. 

Hoke— J.  A.  Hodgin  (D.).  Red  Springs.  R.  F.  D.  3. 

Hyde — John  M.  Clayton  (D.),  Englehard. 

Iredell — Harry  P.  Grier  (D.),  Statesville;  W.  LaFayette  Mathe- 
son  (D.),  Mooresville. 

Jackson — J.  N.  Wilson  (D.),  Cullowhee. 

Johnston— 1.  R.  Williams  (D.),  Clayton;  Paul  D.  Grady  (D.), 
Kenly. 

Jones — B.  B.  Collins  (D.).  Maysville. 

Lee— D.  B.  Teague  (D.),  Sanford. 

Lenoir — John  G.  Dawson   (D.),  Kinston. 

Lincoln — Edgar  Love   (D.),  Lincolnton. 

Macon — J.  Frank  Ray  (D.),  Franklin. 


Members  of  House  of  Representatives.  37 

Madison— Geo.  W.  Wild   (R.),  Big  Pine. 

Martin— Harry  W.  Stubbs  (D.),  Williamston. 

McDowell — William  W.  Neal   (D.),  Marion. 

Mecklenburg — W.  R.  Matthews  (D.),  Charlotte;  T.  J.  Renfrow 
(D.),  Matthews;   Edgar  W.  Fharr   (D.),  Charlotte. 

Mitchell — <S.  J.  Turner  (R.),  Bakersville. 

Montgomery — Robert  T.  Poole    (D.),  Troy. 

Moore — George  W.  Wilcox  (D.),  Carbonton,  R.  P.  D. 

Nash— R.  M.  Moore  (D.),  Whitakers,  R.  P.  D.  2;  A.  F.  May  (D.), 
Spring  Hope. 

New  Hanover — L.  Clayton  Grant  (D.),  Wilmington. 

Northampton — J.  B.  Stephenson  (D.),  Severn. 

Onslow — Edward  W.  Summersill  (D.),  Jacksonville. 

Orange — Lueco  Lloyd  (R.),  Chapel  Hill. 

Pamlico— R.  C.  Holton  (D.),  New  Bern,  R.  F.  D.  1. 

Pasquotank — W.  0.  Saunders  (D.),  Elizabeth  City. 

Pender— Jeff.  D.  Hocutt   (D.),  Ashton. 

Perquimans — W.  F.  Morgan  (D.),  Winfall. 

Person — J.  C.  Pass   (R.),  Roxboro. 

Pitt — Junius  Brown  (D.),  Greenville;  J.  C.  Galloway  (D.),  Grimes- 
land.  % 

Polk — W.  F.  Swann  (R.),  Lynn. 

Randolph — J.  Ed.  Spence    (R.),  Coles'  Store. 

Richmond — W.  N.  Everett   (D.),  Rockingham. 

Robeson — G.  B.  Sellers  (D.),  Maxton;  J.  S.  Oliver  (D.),  Marietta. 

Rockingham — Jesse  L.  Roberts  (D.),  Madison;  Jeff.  E.  Garrett 
(D.),  Reidsville. 

Rowan — J.  C.  Kesler  (D.),  Salisbury;  T.  D.  Brown  (D.),  Salisbury. 

Rutherford— Plato  Gettys   (D.),  Hollis. 

Sampson — Richard  L.  Herring  (R.),  Clinton. 

Scotland — Alexander  E.  Shaw  (D.),  Wagram. 

Stanlu — Thomas  R.  Forrest   (D.),  Albemarle. 

Stokes — Edwin  Kiser  (R.),  King. 

Surry — S.  O.  Maguire  (R.),  Elkin. 

Swain — John  Burnett   (R.),  Bryson  City. 

Transylvania — G.  T.  Lyday  (D.),  Penrose. 

Tyrrell — H.  Seaton  Swain   (D.),  Columbia. 

Union — R.  B.  Redwine  (D.),  Monroe;  B.  H.  Griffin  (D.),  Marshville. 

Vance — R.  S.  McCoin  (D.),  Henderson. 


38  Legislative  Department. 

Wake— S.  Brown  Shepherd  (D.),  Raleigh;  W.  H.  Sawyer  (D.), 
Raleigh;   R.  B.  Nichols    (D.),  Zebulon. 

Warren — John  S.  Davis  (D.),  Creek. 

Washington — Benjamin  P.  Halsey  (D.),  Roper. 

Watauga — H.  McD.  Little  (R.),  Boone. 

Wayne — Fred  R.  Mintz  (D.),  Mount  Olive;  C.  R.  Aycock  (D.). 
Fremont. 

Wilkes — Marcus  G.  Steelman  (R.),  Adley. 

Wilson — Nathan  Bass   (D.),  Lucama. 

Yadkin— C.  G.  Bryant   (R.),  Yadkinville. 

Yancey — G.  Ellis  Gardner  (D. ),  Burasville. 


RULES  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

TOUCHING  THE   DUTIES   OF   SPEAKER. 

1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Speaker  to  have  the  sessions  of  this 
House  opened  with  prayer  in  accordance  with  the  order  of  this 
body. 

2.  He  shall  take  the  chair  every  day  at  the  hour  fixed  by  the 
House  on  the  preceding  legislative  day,  shall  immediately  call  the 
members  to  order,  and,  on  appearance  of  a  quorum,  cause  the  jour- 
nal of  the  preceding  day  to  be  read. 

3.  He  shall  preserve  order  and  decorum,  may  speak  to  points  of 
order  in  preference  to  other  members,  rising  from  his  seat  for 
that  purpose,  and  shall  decide  questions  of  order,  subject  to  an 
appeal  to  the  House  by  any  member,  on  which  appeal  no  member 
shall  speak  more  than  once,  unless  by  leave  of  the  House. 

4.  He  shall  rise  to  put  a  question,  but  may  state  it  sitting. 

5.  Questions  shall  be  put  in  this  form,  namely:  "Those  in  favor 
(as  the  question  may  be)  will  say,  Aye,"  and  after  the  affirmative 
voice  has  been  expressed,  "Those  opposed  will  say.  No."  Upon  a  call 
for  a  division,  the  Speaker  shall  count;  if  required,  he  shall  appoint 
tellers. 

6.  The  Speaker  shall  have  a  general  direction  of  the  hall.  He 
shall  have  a  right  to  name  any  member  to  perform  the  duties  of  the 
chair,  but  substitution  shall  not  extend  beyond  one  day,  except  in 
case  of  sickness  or  by  leave  of  the  House. 

7.  All  committees  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Speaker,  unless  other- 
wise specially  ordered  by  the  House. 


Rules  of  House  of  Representatives.  39 

8.  In  all  elections  the  Speaker  may  vote.  In  all  other  cases  he 
may  exercise  his  right  to  vote,  or  he  may  reserve  this  right  until 
there  is  a  tie;  but  in  no  case  shall  he  be  allowed  to  vote  twice  on 
the  same  question. 

9.  All  acts,  addresses,  and  resolutions  shall  be  signed  by  the 
Speaker,  and  all  warrants  and  subpoenas  issued  by  order  of  the 
House  shall  be  under  his  hand  and  seal,  attested  by  the  Clerk. 

10.  In  case  of  any  disturbance  or  disorderly  conduct  in  the  gal- 
leries or  lobby,  the  Speaker  (or  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Whole)  shall  have  power  to  order  the  same  to  be  cleared. 

11.  No  persons  except  members  of  the  Senate,  officers  and  clerks 
of  the  two  Houses  of  the  General  Assembly,  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
and  Superior  Courts,  officers  of  the  State,  persons  particularly  in- 
vited by  the  Speaker  or  some  member  and  such  gentlemen  as  have 
been  members  of  either  House  of  the  Legislature  or  of  a  convention 
of  the  people  of  the  State,  shall  be  admitted  within  the  hall  of  the 
House:  Provided,  that  no  person  except  members  of  the  Senate 
and  officers  of  the  two  Houses  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  al- 
lowed on  the  floor  of  the  House  or  in  the  lobby  in  the  rear  of  the 
Speaker's  desk,  unless  invited  by  the  Speaker  or  the  House. 

12.  Reporters  wishing  to  take  down  debates  may  be  admitted  by 
the  Speaker,  who  shall  assign  such  places  to  them  on  the  floor  or 
elsewhere,  to  effect  this  object,  as  shall  not  interfere  with  the  con- 
venience of  the  House. 

13.  Smoking  shall  not  be  allowed  in  the  hall,  the  lobbies,  or  the 
galleries  while  the  House  is  in  session. 

order  of  business  of  the  day. 

14.  After  the  reading  of  the  journal  of  the  preceding  day,  which 
shall  stand  approved  without  objection,  the  House  shall  proceed  to 
business  in  the  following  order,  viz.: 

(1)  The  receiving  of  petitions,  memorials,  and  papers  addressed 

to  the  General  Assembly  or  to  the  House. 

(2)  Reports  of  standing  committees. 

(3)  Reports  of  select  committees. 

(4)  Resolutions. 

(5)  Bills. 

(6)  The  unfinished  business  of  the  preceding  day. 


40  Legislative  Department. 

(7)  Bills,  resolutions,  petitions,  memorials,  messages,  and  other 
papers  on  the  Calendar,  in  their  exact  numerical  order, 
unless  displaced  by  the  orders  of  the  day;  but  motions 
and  messages  to  elect  officers  shall  always  be  in  order. 

Every  member  wishing  to  present  a  petition,  bill,  or  other  paper, 
or  make  any  report,  shall  rise  from  his  seat  and  address  the  Speaker, 
and  shall  not  proceed  further  until  recognized  by  him. 

ON   DECORUM   IN   DEBATE. 

15.  When  any  member  is  about  to  speak  in  debate  or  deliver  any 
matter  to  the  House,  he  shall  rise  from  his  seat  and  respectfully  ad- 
dress the  Speaker. 

16.  When  the  Speaker  shall  call  a  member  to  order,  the  member 
shall  sit  down,  as  also  he  shall  when  called  to  order  by  another 
member,  unless  the  Speaker  decide  the  point  of  order  in  his  favor. 
By  leave  of  the  House  a  member  called  to  order  may  clear  a  mat- 
ter of  fact,  or  explain,  but  shall  not  proceed  in  debate  so  long  as  the 
decision  stands,  but  by  permission  of  the  House.  Any  member  may 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Chair,  and  if,  upon  appeal,  the  de- 
cision be  in  favor  of  the  member  called  to  order  he  may  proceed; 
if  otherwise,  he  shall  not,  except  by  leave  of  the  House;  and  if 
the  case,  in  the  judgment  of  the  House,  require  it,  he  shall  be 
liable  to  its  censure. 

17.  No  member  shall  speak  until  recognized  by  the  Chair,  and 
when  two  or  more  members  rise  at  the  same  time,  the  Speaker 
shall  name  the  member  to  speak. 

18.  No  member  shall  speak  more  than  twice  on  the  main  question, 
nor  longer  than  thirty  minutes  for  the  first  speech  and  fifteen  min- 
utes for  the  second  speech,  unless  allowed  to  do  so  by  affirmative 
vote  of  a  majority  of  the  members  present;  nor  shall  he  speak 
more  than  once  upon  an  amendment  or  motion  to  commit  or  post- 
pone, and  then  not  longer  than  ten  minutes.  But  the  House  may,  by 
consent  of  a  majority,  suspend  the  operation  of  this  rule  during 
any  debate  on  any  particular  question  before  the  House,  or  the  Com- 
mittee on  Rules  may  bring  in  a  special  rule  that  shall  be  applicable 
to  the  debate  on  any  bill. 

19.  While  the  Speaker  is  putting  any  question,  or  addressing  the 
House,  no  person  shall  speak,  stand  up,  walk  out  of  or  across  the 


Rules  of  House  of  Representatives.  41 

House,  nor  when  a  member  is  speaking  entertain  private  discourse, 
stand  up,  or  pass  between  him  and  the  Chair. 

20.  No  member  shall  vote  on  any  question  when  he  was  not  pres- 
ent when  the  question  was  put  by  the  Speaker,  except  by  the  con- 
sent of  the  House.  Upon  a  division  and  count  of  the  House  on  any 
question,  no  member  without  the  bar  shall  be  counted. 

21.  Every  member  who  shall  be  in  the  hall  of  the  House  for  the 
above  purpose  when  the  question  is  put  shall  give  his  vote,  upon  a 
call  of  the  ayes  and  noes,  unless  the  House  for  special  reasons  shall 
excuse  him,  and  no  application  to  be  excused  from  voting  or  to  ex- 
plain a  vote  shall  be  entertained  unless  made  before  the  call  of  the 
roll.  The  hall  of  the  House  shall  include  the  lobbies,  galleries,  and 
offices  connected  with  the  hall. 

22.  When  a  motion  is  made  and  seconded,  it  shall  be  stated  by  the 
Speaker,  or  if,  written,  it  shall  be  handed  to  the  Chair  and  read 
aloud  by  the  Speaker  or  Clerk  before  debate. 

23.  Every  motion  shall  be  reduced  to  writing,  if  the  Speaker  or 
any  two  members  request  it. 

24.  After  a  motion  is  stated  by  the  Speaker  or  read  by  the  Clerk, 
it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  in  possession  of  the  House,  but  may  be 
withdrawn  before  a  decision  or  amendment,  except  in  case  of  a 
motion  to  reconsider,  which  motion,  when  made  by  a  member,  shall 
be  deemed  and  taken  to  be  in  possession  of  the  House,  and  shall 
not  be  withdrawn  without  leave  of  the  House. 

25.  When  a  question  is  under  debate  no  motion  shall  be  received 
but  to  adjourn,  to  lay  on  the  table,  to  postpone  indefinitely,  to  post- 
pone to  a  day  certain,  to  commit  or  amend,  which  several  motions 
shall  have  precedence  in  the  order  in  which  they  stand  arranged; 
and  no  motion  to  lay  on  the  table,  to  postpone  indefinitely,  to  post- 
pone to  a  day  certain,  to  commit  or  amend,  being  decided,  shall  be 
again  allowed  on  the  same  day  and  at  the  same  stage  of  the  bill  or 
proposition. 

26.  A  motion  to  adjourn  or  lay  on  the  table  shall  be  decided  with- 
out debate,  and  a  motion  to  adjourn  shall  always  be  in  order,  ex- 
cept when  the  House  is  voting  or  some  member  is  speaking;  but  a 
motion  to  adjourn  shall  not  follow  a  motion  to  adjourn  until  debate 
or  some  business  of  the  House  has  intervened. 

27.  When  a  question  has  been  postponed  indefinitely,  the  same 
shall  not  be  acted  on  again  during  the  session,  except  upon  a  two- 
thirds  vote. 


42  Legislative  Department. 

28.  Any  member  may  call  for  a  division  of  the  question,  when  the 
same  shall  admit  of  it,  which  shall  be  determined  by  the  Speaker. 

29.  When  a  motion  has  been  once  made  and  carried  in  the  affirma- 
tive or  negative,  it  shall  be  in  order  for  any  member  of  the  majority 
to  move  for  the  reconsideration  thereof,  on  the  same  or  succeeding 
day,  unless  it  may  have  already  passed  the  Senate,  and  no  motion 
to  reconsider  shall  be  taken  from  the  table  except  by  a  two-thirds 
vote.  But  unless  such  vote  has  been  taken  by  a  call  of  the  yeas  and 
nays,  any  member  may  move  to  reconsider. 

30.  When  the  reading  of  a  paper  is  called  for,  which  has  been  read 
in  the  House,  and  the  same  is  objected  to  by  any  member,  it  shall 
be  determined  by  a  vote  of  the  House. 

31.  Petitions,  memorials,  and  other  papers  addressed  to  the  House 
shall  be  presented  by  the  Speaker,  or  by  a  member  in  his  place;  a 
brief  statement  of  the  contents  thereof  may  be  verbally  made  by  the 
introducer,  and  shall  not  be  debated  or  decided  on  the  day  of  their 
being  first  read,  unless  the  House  shall  direct  otherwise,  but  shall 
lie  on  the  table,  to  be  taken  up  in  the  order  they  were  read. 

32.  When  the  ayes  and  noes  are  called  for  on  any  question,  it 
shall  be  on  motion  before  the  question  is  put;  and  if  seconded  by 
one-fifth  of  the  members  present,  the  question  shall  be  decided  by 
the  ayes  and  noes;  and  in  taking  the  ayes  and  noes,  or  on  a  call  of 
the  House,  the  names  of  the  members  will  be  taken  alphabetically. 

33.  Decency  of  speech  shall  be  observed  and  personal  reflection 
carefully  avoided. 

34.  Any  member,  after  the  expiration  of  the  morning  hour,  may 
rise  to  a  question  of  personal  privilege;  but  if  the  question  of  per- 
sonal privilege  be  decided  against  him  he  shall  not  proceed  unless 
the  ruling  of  the  Speaker  be  reversed  by  the  House. 

35.  Fifteen  members,  including  the  Speaker,  shall  be  authorized 
to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members. 

36.  No  member  or  officer  of  the  House  shall  absent  himself  from 
the  service  of  the  House  without  leave,  unless  from  sickness  or 
inability. 

37.  Any  member  may  excuse  himself  from  serving  on  any  com- 
mittee if  he  is  a  member  of  two  standing  committees. 

38.  If  any  member  shall  be  necessarily  absent  on  temporary  busi- 
ness of  the  House  when  a  vote  is  taken  upon  any  question,  upon 
entering  the  House  he  shall  be  permitted,  on  request,  to  vote,  pro- 
vided that  the  result  shall  not  be  thereby  affected. 


Rules  of  House  of  Representatives.  43 

39.  No  standing  rule  or  order  shall  be  rescinded  or  altered  with- 
out one  day's  notice  given  on  the  motion  thereof,  and  to  sustain 
such  motion  two-thirds  of  the  House  shall  be  required. 

40.  The  members  of  this  House  shall  uncover  their  heads  upon 
entering  the  hall  whilst  the  House  is  in  session,  and  shall  continue 
so  uncovered  during  their  continuance  in  the  hall,  except  Quakers. 

41.  A  motion  to  reconsider  shall  be  determined  by  a  majority  vote, 
except  a  motion  to  reconsider  an  indefinite  postponement,  or  a  mo- 
tion to  reconsider  a  motion  tabling,  a  motion  to  reconsider,  which 
shall  require  a  two-thirds  vote. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES. 

42.  At  the  commencement  of  the  session  a  standing  committee 
shall  be  appointed  on  each  of  the  following  subjects,  namely: 

On  Agriculture. 

On  Appropriations. 

On  Banks  and  Currency. 

On  Claims. 

On  Constitutional  Amendment. 

On  Corporation  Commission. 

On  Corporations. 

On  Counties,   Cities,   Towns  and  Townships. 

On  Courts  and  Judicial  Districts. 

On  Education. 

On  Election  Law. 

On  Engrossed  Bills. 

On  Expenditures  of  the  House. 

On  Federal  Relations. 

On  Finance. 

On  Fish  and  Fisheries. 

On  Game. 

On  Health. 

On  Immigration. 

On  Insane  Asylums. 

On  Institutions  for  the  Blind. 

On  Institutions  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

On  Insurance. 

On  Internal  Improvements. 

On  Judiciary,  No.  1. 


44  Legislative  Department. 

On  Judiciary,  No.  2. 

On  Manufactures  and  Labor. 

On  Military  Affairs. 

On  Mines  and  Mining. 

On  Oyster  Interests. 

On  Penal  Institutions. 

On  Pensions. 

On  Privileges  and  Elections. 

On  Propositions  and  Grievances. 

On  Public  Roads  and  Turnpikes. 

On  Regulation  of  the  Liquor  Traffic. 

On  Regulation  of  Public  Service  Corporations. 

On  Rules. 

On  Salaries  and  Fees. 

JOINT   COMMITTEES. 

On  Enrolled  Bills. 

On  Appointment  of  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

On  Library. 

On  Printing. 

On  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

On  Trustees  of  University. 

On  Revision  of  the  Laws. 

To  be  appointed  by  the  Speaker,  and  the  first  announced  on  each 
committee  shall  be  chairman. 

43.  In  forming  a  Committe  of  the  Whole  House,  the  Speaker 
shall  leave  the  chair,  and  a  chairman  to  preside  in  committee  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  Speaker. 

44.  Upon  bills  submitted  to  a  Committee  of  the  Whole  House,  the 
bill  shall  be  first  read  throughout  by  the  Clerk,  and  then  again  read 
and  debated  by  sections,  leaving  the  preamble  to  be  last  considered. 
The  body  of  the  bill  shall  not  be  defaced  or  interlined,  but  all  amend- 
ments, noting  the  page  and  line,  shall  be  duly  entered  by  the  Clerk 
on  a  separate  paper  as  the  same  shall  be  agreed  to  by  the  Com- 
mittee, and  so  reported  to  the  House.  After  report,  the  bill  shall 
again  be  subject  to  be  debated  and  amended  by  sections  before  a 
question  on  its  passage  be  taken. 

45.  The  rules  of  proceeding  in  the  House  shall  be  observed  in  a 
Committee  of  the  Whole  House,  so  far  as  they  may  be  applicable, 


RtiLES  of  House  of  Representatives.  45 

except  the   rule  limiting  the   time   of   speaking   and   the   previous 
question. 

46.  In  a  Committee  of  the  Whole  House  a  motion  that  the  Com- 
mittee rise  shall  always  be  in  order,  except  when  a  member  is  speak- 
ing, and  shall  be  decided  without  debate. 

47.  Every  bill  shall  be  introduced  by  motion  for  leave,  or  by  order 
of  the  House,  or  on  the  report  of  a  committee,  unless  introduced  in 
regular  order  during  the  morning  hour. 

48.  All  bills  and  resolutions  shall  be  reported  from  the  committee 
to  which  referred,  with  such  recommendation  as  the  committee  may 
desire  to  make. 

49.  Every  bill  shall  receive  three  several  readings  in  the  House 
previous  to  its  passage,  and  the  Speaker  shall  give  notice  at  each 
whether  it  be  its  first,  second,  or  third  reading. 

50.  Any  member  introducing  a  bill  or  resolution  shall  briefly  in- 
dorse thereon  the  substance  of  the  same. 

51.  The  Speaker  shall  refer  all  bills  and  resolutions,  upon  their  in- 
troduction, to  the  appropriate  committee,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 
When  a  Public  bill  or  resolution  has  been  referred  by  the  Speaker 
to  a  committee,  and  after  it  has  remained  with  such  committee  for 
the  space  of  five  days  without  being  reported  to  the  House,  it  shall, 
at  the  option  and  upon  the  request  of  the  member  who  introduced 
it,  be  recalled  from  such  committee  by  order  of  the  Speaker  and  by 
him  referred  to  some  other  regular  committee,  which  shall  be  indi- 
cated in  the  House  by  the  introducer  thereof,  and  the  request  and 
order  recalling  such  bill  and  the  reference  thereof  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal. 

52.  The  Clerk  of  the  House  shall  keep  a  separate  calendar  of  the 
Public,  Local,  and  Private  bills,  and  shall  number  them  in  the  order 
in  which  they  are  introduced;  and  all  bills  shall  be  disposed  of  in 
the  order  they  stand  upon  the  Calendar;  but  the  Committee  on 
Rules  may  at  any  time  arrange  the  order  of  precedence  in  which 
bills  may  be  considered.  No  bill  shall  be  twice  read  on  the  same 
day  without  the  concurrence  of  two  thirds  of  the  members. 

53.  All  resolutions  -which  may  grant  money  out  of  the  Treasury, 
or  such  as  shall  be  of  a  public  nature,  shall  be  treated  in  all  re- 
spects  in   a  similar  manner  with   Public  bills. 

54.  The  Clerk  of  the  House  shall  be  deemed  to  continue  in  office 
until  another  is  appointed. 

55.  Upon  the  motion  of  any  member,  there  shall  be  a  call  of  the 


46  Legislative  Department. 

House,  a  majority  of  the  members  present  assenting  thereto,  and 
upon  a  call  of  the  House  the  names  of  the  members  shall  be  called 
over  by  the  Clerk  and  the  absentees  noted,  after  which  the  names 
of  the  absentees  shall  again  be  called  over.  The  doors  shall  then 
be  closed,  and  those  from  whom  no  excuse  or  sufficient  excuses  are 
made  may,  by  order  of  those  present,  if  fifteen  in  number,  be  taken 
into  custody  as  they  appear,  or  may  be  sent  for  and  taken  into  cus- 
tody wherever  to  be  found  by  special  messenger  appointed  for  that 
purpose. 

PREVIOUS    QUESTION. 

56.  The  previous  question  shall  be  as  follows:  "Shall  the  main 
question  be  now  put?"  and,  until  it  is  decided,  shall  preclude  all 
amendments  and  debate.  If  this  question  shall  be  decided  in  the 
affirmative,  the  "main  question"  shall  be  on  the  passage  of  the  bill, 
resolution,  or  other  matter  under  consideration;  but  when  amend- 
ments are  pending,  the  question  shall  be  taken  upon  such  amend- 
ments, in  their  order,  without  further  debate  or  amendment.  If  such 
question  be  decided  in  the  negative,  the  main  question  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  remaining  under  debate:  Provided,  that  no  one  shall 
move  the  previous  question  except  the  member  submitting  the  re- 
port on  the  bill  or  other  matter  under  consideration,  and  the  mem- 
ber introducing  the  bill  or  other  matter  under  consideration,  or 
the  member  in  charge  of  the  measure,  who  shall  be  designated  by 
the  chairman  of  the  committee  reporting  the  same  to  the  House  at 
the  time  the  bill  or  other  matter  under  consideration  is  reported  to 
the  House,  or  taken  up  for  consideration. 

When  a  motion  for  the  previous  question  is  made,  and  pending 
the  second  thereto  by  a  majority,  debate  shall  cease;  but  if  any 
member  obtains  the  floor,  he  may  move  to  lay  the  matter  under  con- 
sideration on  the  table,  or  move  an  adjournment,  and  when  both  or 
either  of  these  motions  are  pending  the  question  shall  stand: 

(1)  Previous  question, 

(2)  To  adjourn, 

(3)  To  lay  on  the  table. 

And  then  upon  the  main  question,  or  amendments,  or  the  motion  to 
postpone  indefinitely,  postpone  to  a  day  certain,  to  commit,  or  amend, 
in  the  order  of  their  precedence,  until  the  main  question  is  reached 
or  disposed  of;  but  after  the  previous  question  has  been  called  by 
a  majority,  no  motion,  amendment,  or  debate  shall  be  in  order. 


Rules  of  House  of  Representatives.  47 

All  motions  below  the  motion  to  lay  on  the  table  must  be  made 
prior  to  a  motion  for  the  previous  question;  but,  pending  and  not 
after  the  second  therefor,  by  the  majority  of  the  House,  a  motion 
to  adjourn  or  lay  on  the  table,  or  both,  are  in  order.  This  consti- 
tutes the  precedence  of  the  motion  to  adjourn  and  lay  on  the  table 
"over  other  motions,  in  Rule  25. 

Motions  stand  as  follows  in  order  of  precedence  in  Rule  26: 

Lay  on  the  table. 
Previous  question, 
Postpone  indefinitely, 
Postpone  definitely, 
To  commit  or  amend. 

When  the  previous  question  is  called,  all  motions  below  it  fall, 
unless  made  prior  to  the  call,  and  all  motions  above  it  fall  after  its 
second  by  a  majority  required.  Pending  the  second,  the  motions  to 
adjourn  and  lay  on  the  table  are  in  order,  but  not  after  a  second. 
When  in  order  and  every  motion  is  before  the  House,  the  question 
stands  as  follows: 

Previous  question. 

Adjourn, 

Lay  on  the  table, 

Postpone  indefinitely, 

Postpone  definitely, 

To  commit. 

Amendment  to  amendment, 

Amendment, 

Substitute, 

Bill. 

The  previous  question  covers  all  other  motions  when  seconded  by 
a  majority  of  the  House,  and  proceeds  by  regular  gradation  to  the 
main  question,  without  debate,  amendment,  or  motion,  until  such 
question  is  reached  or  disposed  of. 

57.  All  committees,  other  than  the  Committee  on  Appropriations, 
when  favorably  reporting  any  bill,  which  carries  an  appropriation 
from  the  State,  shall  indicate  same  in  the  report,  and  said  bill  shall 
be  re-referred  to  the  Committee  on  Appropriations  for  a  further 
report  before  being  acted  upon  by  the  House. 


48  Legislative  Department. 

58.  The  Principal  Clerk,  the  Engrossing  Clerk,  and  the  Door- 
keeper shall  appoint,  with  the  approval  of  the  Speaker,  and  by  af- 
firmative order  of  the  House,  such  assistants  as  may  be  necessary 
to  the  efficient  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  various  offices. 

59.  The  Speaker  shall  appoint  twelve  pages  to  wait  upon  the  ses- 
sions of  the  House,  and  when  the  pressure  of  business  may  require, 
he  may  appoint  three  additional  pages. 

60.  The  chairman  of  each  of  the  committees,  Judiciary  No.  1, 
Judiciary  No.  2,  Finance,  and  Appropriations,  and  the  chairmen 
of  committees  on  Constitutional  Amendments  and  Education  jointly, 
may  appoint  a  clerk  with  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  said  re- 
spective committees;  and  no  other  clerks  of  committees  shall  be 
appointed  except  upon  motion,  which  shall  first  be  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Rules,  and  a  favorable  report  from  said  committee 
shall  not  allow  the  appointment  of  additional  clerks  of  committees 
unless  such  report  be  adopted  by  two-thirds  vote  of  the  House. 

61.  The  chairman  and  five  other  members  of  any  committee  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  of  said  committee  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

62.  The  Speaker,  on  each  Monday  morning,  shall  appoint  a  com- 
mittee of  three  members,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  examine  daily 
the  journal  of  the  House  before  the  hour  of  convening,  and  report 
after  the  opening  of  the  House  whether  or  not  the  proceedings  of 
the  previous  day  have  been  correctly  recorded. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOFSE  OF 
REPRESENTATIVES. 

Agriculture — Tucker,  chairman;  Galloway,  Cameron,  Chesnutt, 
Cox  of  Forsyth,  Davis,  Mull,  Taylor,  Graham,  Renfrow,  Johnson, 
Darden  of  Greene,  Bowman,  Sellars,  Oliver,  Shaw,  Griffin,  Brown 
of  Rowan,  Garrett,  Kelly,  Wilcox,  Moore.  Bass.  Matheson,  Farmer. 
Jones,  Propst,  Rose. 

Appropriations — McCoin,  chairman;  Everett,  Redwine,  Bryant  of 
Durham.  Doughton.  Dawson,  Grier,  Johnson,  Matthews  of  Bertie, 
Fliarr,  Grant,  Winborne,  Kesler,  Mull,  Ray  of  Chatham,  Sawyer, 
May,  Wright,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Eckles,  Mintz,  Cameron,  Wilkins, 
Swain,  Hodgin,  Dail,  McNeill,  Maguire,  Kiser,  Jackson. 

Banks  and  Currency — Powell,  chairman;  Bass,  Wright,  Matthews 
of  Mecklenburg.  Sellars,  Farish.  Winborne.  Darden  of  Greene,  Bow- 


Standing  Committees  of  House  of  Representatives.  49 

man,  Kesler,  Cameron,  Graham,  Coxe  of  Anson,  McCoin,  Love,  Wil- 
son of  Burke,  McDonald,  Propst. 

Caswell  Training  School — Grantham,  chairman;  Bryant  of  Dur- 
ham, Mintz,  Halsey,  Wilkins,  Morgan,  Bass,  Fountain,  Grant,  Sut- 
tlemyre,  Dawson,  Bryant  of  Yadkin,  Hewitt. 

Claims — Oliver,  chairman;  Macon,  Williams  of  Johnston,  Stephen- 
son, Johnson,  Collins,  Grantham,  Young,  Garrett,  McNeill,  Hocutt, 
Saunders,  Rose,  Pritchard,  Smithdeal. 

Constitutional  Amendments — Gold,  chairman;  Redwine,  Winborne, 
Matthews  of  Bertie,1  Bryant  of  Durham,  Teague,  Doughton,  Mull, 
Pharr,  Grier,  Poole,  Dawson,  Stubbs,  Grant,  Brown  of  Pitt.  Roberts, 
Williams  of  Cabarrus,  Turner. 

Corporation  Commission — Poole,  chairman;  Stroup,  Wilcox,  Mathe- 
son.  Brown  of  Rowan,  Neal,  Farish,  Bowman,  McNeill,  Galloway,  Ma- 
guire.  Pass,  Lloyd. 

Corporations — Redwine,  chairman;  Gatling,  Brown  of  Rowan,  Coxe 
of  Anson,  Brown  of  Pitt,  Aycock,  Bass.  Ray  of  Chatham,  Williams 
of  Johnston,  May,  Graham,  Gold,  Oliver,  Stroup,  Maguire,  Swann, 
Spence. 

Counties,  Cities  and  Totons — Gardner,  chairman;  Ray  of  Chatham, 
McNeill,  Grantham,  Sawyer,  Darden  of  Halifax,  Saunders,  Aycock, 
Brown  of  Pitt,  Brown  of  Rowan,  Chesnutt,  Collins,  Farish,  Forrest, 
Garrett,  Matthews  of  Mecklenburg,  Gatling,  Gold,  Shaw,  Coxe  of  An- 
son, Grady,  Griffin.  Hocutt,  Hodgin,  Kesler,  Matheson,  Moore,  Sel- 
lars,  Stroup,  Young,  Jackson,  Bryant  of  Yadkin,  Pritchard,  Kiser. 

Courts  and  Judicial  Districts — Ray  of  Macon,  chairman;  Roberts, 
Pharr,  Aycock,  Grant  of  New  Hanover,  Winborne,  May,  Morgan, 
Sawyer,  Redwine,  Stroup,  Davis,  Wilcox,  Young,  Williams  of  Ca- 
barrus, Turner,  Herring. 

Drainage — Fountain,  chairman;  Clayton,  Butt,  McMullan,  Burgess, 
Swain,  Brown  of  Pitt,  Matthews  of  Bertie,  Dail,  Steelman,  Hiatt, 
Burnett. 

Education — Bryant  of  Durham,  chairman;  McCoin,  Everett,  Mintz, 
Holton,  Cox  of  Forsyth,  Dawson,  Morgan,  Crisp,  Darden  of  Greene, 
Dail,  Griffin,  Poole,  Redwine,  Doughton,  Suttlemyre,  Wilson  of  Jack- 
son, Davis,  Neal,  Bass,  Pharr,  Matheson,  Tucker,  Eckles,  Mull,  Love, 
Ray  of  Macon,  Gardner,  Nichols.  Butt,  Bowman,  Maguire,  Burnett, 
Jones,  Swain,  Williams  of  Cabarrus. 

Election  Laws — Neal,  chairman;  Love,  Doughton,  Everett,  Powell. 


50  Legislative  Department. 

Gold,  McCoin,  Collins,  Matthews  of  Bertie,  Johnson,  Williams  of  Ca- 
barrus, Turner,  Herring. 

Engrossed  Bills — Dail,  chairman;  Collins,  Clayton,  Gettys,  Brown 
of  Rowan,  Suttlemyre,  Chesnutt,  Coxe  of  Anson,  Galloway,  Darden 
of  Halifax,  Burnett,  Farmer,  Moore. 

Expenditures  of  the  House— Taylor,  chairman;  Dawson,  Mull, 
Johnson,  Saunders,  Boyd,  Chesnutt,  Coxe  of  Anson,  Davis,  Halsey, 
Grantham,  Kesler,  Wilson  of  Burke,  Propst. 

Federal  Relations — Roberts,  chairman;  Ray  of  Chatham,  Shaw, 
Redwine,  Poole,  Neal,  McNeill,  Hocutt,  Matthews  of  Mecklenburg, 
McDonald,  Penland,  Turner. 

Finance — Doughton,  chairman;  Bryant  of  Durham,  Ray  of  Macon, 
Cox  of  Forsyth,  Dawson,  Everett.  McCoin,  Graham,  Teague,  Tucker, 
Winborne,  Wright,  Macon,  Mull,  Powell,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Ray  of 
Chatham,  Crisp,  Boyd,  Renfrow,  Coxe  of  Anson,  Grier,  Forrest, 
Shepherd,  Love,  Maguire,  Jackson,  Pass. 

Fish  and  Fisheries — Galloway,  chairman;  Butt,  Winborne,  Gatling. 
Johnson,  Grant,  Dail,  Saunders,  Clayton,  Crisp,  Swain,  Burgess,  Mc- 
Mullan,  Matthews  of  Bertie.  Williams  of  Johnston,  Gettys,  Jones, 
Hewitt,  Hiatt. 

Game — Kelly,  chairman;  Johnson,  Bryant  of  Durham,  Crisp, 
Stubbs,  Morgan,  Darden  of  Halifax,  Stephenson,  Chesnutt.  Collins, 
Holton,  Farish,  Aycock,  May,  Moore,  Nichols,  Shepherd,  Cameron, 
Garrett,  Griffin,  Hodgin,  Renfrow,  Lyday,  Maguire,  Jones,  Rose. 

Health — Winborne,  chairman;  Mull,  Grant,  Mintz,  Everett,  Halsey. 
Wilkins,  Fountain,  Macon,  Gold,  Grantham,  Wilcox,  Bryant  of  Yad- 
kin, Little,  Steelman. 

Immigration — Nichols,  chairman;  Sellars,  Shaw,  Suttlemyre,  For- 
rest, Stroup,  Love,  Moore,  Matthews  of  Mecklenburg,  Gardner,  Young. 
Lyday,  Bowman,  Gatling,  Galloway,  Smithdeal,  Swann,  Spence,  Steel- 
man. 

Insane  Asylum — Teague,  chairman;  Bryant  of  Durham,  Williams 
of  Johntson,  Shepherd,  Burgess,  May,  Farish,  Garrett,  Grantham. 
Wilcox,  Sellars,  Brown  of  Pitt,  Moore,  Wilkins,  Matheson,  Young, 
Hodgin,  Gettys,  Halsey,  Jones,  Jackson,  Bryant  of  Yadkin. 

Institution  for  the  Blind — Grant,  chairman;  Bass,  Macon.  Summer- 
sill,  Darden  of  Greene,  Halsey,  Wilkins,  Roberts,  Hodgin.  Love,  Pen- 
land,  Pass,  Wilson  of  Burke. 

Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb — Eckles,  chairman;  Suttlemyre. 
Wilcox,  Kesler,  Halsey.  Wilkins,  Gettys.  Lyday,  Neal,  Powell,  Mor- 


Standing  Committees  of  House  of  Representatives.  51 

gan,    Swain,    Collins,   Moore,   Taylor,    Maguire,    Jackson,    Bryant   of 
Yadkin. 

Insurance — Mintz,  chairman;  Everett,  "Williams  of  Johnston,  Ray 
of  Macon,  McCoin,  Bass,  Darden  of  Halifax,  Roberts,  Macon,  May, 
McNeill,  Nichols,  Grady,  Farish,  Grantham,  Coxe  of  Anson,  Gold. 
Stnbbs,  Renfrow,  Matthews  of  Mecklenburg,  Eckles,  Wilkins,  Foun- 
tain, Wilson  of  Burke,  Jones,  Propst. 

Internal  Improvement- — Everett,  chairman;  Moore,  Wilcox,  Sel- 
lars,  Griffin,  Stroup,  Young,  Hodgin,  Crisp,  Darden  of  Halifax,  For- 
rest, Shepherd,  Bowman,  Collins,  McDonald,  Penland,  Hiatt,  Smith- 
deal. 

Judiciary  No.  1 — Dawson,  chairman;  Winborne,  Stubbs,  Redwine. 
Ray  of  Macon,  Mull,  Brown  of  Pitt,  Grant,  Powell,  Matthews  of 
Bertie,  Eckles,  McMullan,  Fountain,  Williams  of  Johnston,  Sawyer, 
Williams  of  Cabarrus,  Herring. 

Judiciary  No.  2 — Grier,  chairman;  Doughton,  Bryant  of  Durham. 
McCoin,  Gold,  Wright,  Foole,  Teague.  Shepherd,  Ray  of  Chatham. 
Gardner,  Stroup,  Pharr,  Crisp,  Grady,  Roberts,  Turner. 

Manufacturers  and  Labor — Love,  chairman;  Bass,  Macon,  Mathe- 
son, Farish.  Boyd,  Forrest,  May.  Neal,  Garrett,  Saunders,  Sellers, 
Shaw,  Matthews  of  Mecklenburg,  Stephenson,  Summersill,  Suttle- 
myre.  Grant,  Everett,  Kesler,  Turner,  Lloyd,  Pass. 

Military  Affairs — McNeill,  chairman;  Fountain.  Galloway,  Ray  of 
Chatham,  Macon,  Williams  of  Johnston,  Moore.  Sawyer,  Cox  of 
Forsyth,  Roberts,  Powell,  Sellars,  Poole,  Matheson.  Brown  of  Pitt, 
Brown  of  Rowan,  Swann,  Spence,  Herring,  Kiser. 

Mines  and  Mining — Coxe  of  Anson,  chairman;  Boyd.  Gcttys.  Gard- 
ner, Stroup,  Suttlemyre,  Brown  of  Rowan,  Poole,  Griffin,  Burnett, 
Little,  Steelman. 

Oyster  Interest — Saunders,  chairman;  Clayton,  Swain,  Burgess, 
Crisp.  Grant,  Dail,  Summersill,  Johnson,  Holton,  Hocutt,  Jones, 
Maguire,  Hewitt. 

Penal  Institutions — Cox  of  Forsyth,  chairman;  May,  Everett, 
Doughton,  Mull,  Darden  of  Halifax,  Wright,  Neal,  Matheson, 
Grantham,  Saunders,  Mintz,  Bryant  of  Durham,  Nichols,  Wilson  of 
Burke,  Suttlemyre,  Maguire,  Jackson,  Jones,  Bryant  of  Yadkin. 

Pensions — Matthews  of  Mecklenburg,  chairman;  Boyd,  Coxe  of  An 
son,  Hocutt.  Burgess,  Stubbs,  Darden  of  Halifax,  Davis,  Bass,  Sum- 
mersill,  Chesnutt,   Young,   Aycock,   Garrett,   Kelly,   Renfrow.    Shaw. 
Gettys.  Bryant  of  Yadkin,  Farmer,  Jackson. 


52  Legislative  Department. 

Private  and  Public-Local  Laws — Ray  of  Chatham,  chairman;  Wil- 
liams of  Johnston,  Hocutt,  Young,  Moore,  Morgan,  Shepherd,  Sum- 
mersill,  Fountain,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Hodgin,  Wilcox,  Shaw,  Gettys, 
Galloway,  Turner,  Williams  of  Cabarrus. 

Privileges  and  Elections — Brown  of  Pitt,  chairman;  Stubbs,  Win- 
borne,  Matthews  of  Mecklenburg,  Moore,  McMullan,  Oliver,  Shepherd, 
Swain,  Darden  of  Halifax,  Wilcox,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Wright,  Kes- 
ler,  Williams  of  Cabarrus,  Turner,  Bryant  of  Yadkin. 

Propositions  and  Grievances — Clayton,  chairman;  Dail,  Winborne, 
Butt,  Crisp,  Johnson,  McMullan,  Brown  of  Rowan,  Holton,  Matthews 
of  Bertie,  Burgess,  Gatling,  McNeill,  Stephenson,  Galloway,  Darden 
of  Greene,  Forrest,  Grady,  Eckles,  Gettys,  Wilson  of  Burke,  Moore, 
Lyday,  Oliver,  Shaw,  Summersill,  Burnett,  Propst,  McDonald. 

Public  Roads  and  Turnpikes — Cameron,  chairman;  Matthews  of 
Mecklenburg,  Doughton,  Taylor,  Dail,  Nichols,  McMullan,  Saunders, 
Coxe  of  Anson,  Tucker,  Fharr,  Sellars,  Ray  of  Macon,  Moore,  Mc- 
Coin,  Bass,  Sawyer,  Clayton,  Kesler,  Farish,  Boyd.  Halsey.  Darden 
of  Halifax,  Davis,  Griffin,  Wilcox,  Wright,  Maguire,  Herring,  Wild. 
Penland,  Bryant  of  Yadkin. 

Regulation  of  Liquor  Traffic — Matthews  of  Bertie,  chairman; 
Mintz,  Bryant  of  Durham,  Doughton,  Eckles,  Farish,  Graham,  Grier. 
Ray  of  Macon,  Holton,  Kelly,  Lyday,  Macon,  Mull,  Foole.  Renfrow, 
Shaw,  Teague,  Tucker,  Hewitt,  Smithdeal,  Pass. 

Regulation  of  Public  Service  Corporations — Shepherd,  chairman; 
Grant,  Poole.  Matheson,  Pharr,  Neal,  Saunders,  Matthews  of  Bertie, 
Aycock,  Nichols,  Roberts,  Bryant  of  Yadkin,  Wild,  Swann. 

Rules — Stubbs.  chairman;  Doughton,  Gold,  McCoin,  Dawson,  Mull, 
Williams  of  Cabarrus. 

Salaries  and  Fees — Pharr,  chairman;  Wright,  Stephenson,  Bass, 
Graham,  Mintz,  Cameron.  Farish,  Kelly,  Grant,  Dawson,  Everett, 
Brown  of  Rowan,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Stubbs,  Davis,  Spence,  Burnett, 
Pritchard. 

Enrolled  Bills — Sellars,  chairman;  Butt,  Matthews  of  Bertie. 
Grady,  Gettys,  Chesnutt,  Young,  Pritchard,  Hewitt. 

Justice  of  the  Peace — Forrest,  chairman;  Burgess,  Butt,  Chesnutt. 
Ray  of  Chatham,  Hocutt,  Matheson,  Cox  of  Forsyth,  Brown  of  Rowan, 
Davis,  Griffin,  Taylor,  Stroup,  Pritchard,  Spence. 

Library — Grady,  chairman;  Winborne,  Everett.  Teague.  Pharr. 
Hocutt,   Summersill,   Gettys,  Bowman,  Rose,  Wild. 

Printing — Sawyer,    chairman;     Saunders,    Mintz.    Halsey,    Oliver. 


Standing  Committees  of  House  of  Representatives.  53 

Gettys,  McCoin,  Moore,  Kelly,  Grier,  Williams  of  Johnston,  Farish, 
Hodgin,  Pritchard,  Pass,  Herring. 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds — Parish,  chairman;  Neal,  Moore, 
Lyday,  Stephenson,  Halsey,  Swain,  Darden  of  Greene,  Gatling,  Gard- 
ner, Grady,  Penland,  Steelman. 

Revision  of  Laws — Mull,  chairman;  Powell,  Teague,  Poole,  Grady, 
Williams  of  Johnston,  Eckles,  Redwine,  Doughton,  Grier,  Williams 
of  Cabarrus,  Turner. 

Trustees  of  the  University — Wright,  chairman;  Bryant  of  Durham, 
Doughton,  McMullan,  Winborne,  Dawson,  Gold,  Powell,  Everett, 
Grantham,  Love,  McCoin,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Pharr,  Cameron,  Grant, 
Jackson,  Maguire. 

Committee  on  Forestry — Young,  chairman;  Doughton,  Suttlemyre, 
Cameron,  Gold,  Matheson,  Wilson  of  Jackson,  Love,  Poole,  Everett, 
Garrett,  Aycock,  Pritchard,  Penland,  Maguire. 

Joint  Committee  on  Code — Mull,  Redwine,  Teague. 

House  Members  of  Joint  Committee  Under  House  Resolution  No. 
119,  Senate  Resolution  44 — Redwine,  Foole,  Crisp. 

Committee  on  Woman  Suffrage — Everett,  chairman;  Gold,  Ray  of 
Macon,  Mull,  Dawson,  McCoin,  Jackson. 


PART  II. 


EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS. 


1.  Governor. 

2.  Secretary  of  State. 

3.  Treasurer. 

4.  Auditor. 

5.  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

6.  Attorney-General. 


THE  GOYEKXOB. 

Thomas  W.  Bickett,  Governor. 

The  Governor  is  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  State.  He  is 
elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He  receives  a  salary 
of  $6,500  a  year,  and  in  addition  is  allowed  annually  $600  for  travel- 
ing expenses,  and  a  residence,  with  domestic  servants. 

Article  III,  section  2,  of  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina,  pre- 
scribes the  following  qualifications  for  the  Governor: 

1.  He  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years. 

2.  He  must  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  for  five  years, 
and  a  resident  of  North  Carolina  for  two  years  next  before  the 
election. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  for  the  office  of  Governor  for  more 
than  four  years  in  any  term  of  eight  years,  unless  he  becomes  Gov- 
ernor by  having  been  Lieutenant-Governor  or  President  of  the 
Senate. 

The  same  qualifications  apply  to  the  office  of  Lieutenant-Governor. 
The  Constitution  prescribes  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  Governor 
as  follows: 

1.  To  take  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  for  the  Governor. 

2.  To  reside  at  the  seat  of  government;  to  keep  the  General  As- 
sembly informed  respecting  the  affairs  of  the  State;  and  to  recom- 
mend to  the  General  Assembly  such  measures  as  he  deems  expedient. 

3.  To  grant  reprieves,  commutations  and  pardons  (except  in  cases 
of  impeachment) ,  and  to  report  each  case  of  reprieve,  commutation, 
or  pardon  to  the  General  Assembly. 

4.  To  receive  reports  from  all  officials  of  the  Executive  Depart- 
ments and  of  public  institutions,  and  to  transmit  the  same  to  the 
General  Assembly. 

5.  He  is  commander-in-chief  of  the  militia  of  the  State,  except 
when  they  are  called  into  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

6.  To  call  extra  sessions  of  the  General  Assembly  when  he  thinks 
necessary,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Council  of  State. 

7.  To  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by  the  Constitution  and 
whose  appointments  are  not  otherwise  provided  for. 


58  Executive  Departments. 

8.  To  keep  "The  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,"  and 
use  the  same  as  occasion  shall  require. 

He  has  no  veto  power,  being  the  only  Governor  in  the  United 
States  without  such  power. 

In  addition  to  these  duties  the  following  are  prescribed  by  statute: 

1.  To  supervise  the  official  conduct  of  all  executive  and  adminis- 
trative officers,  and'  to  visit  all  State  institutions  whenever  he  deems 
such  visitation  necessary  to  inquire  into  their  management  and 
needs. 

2.  To  see  that  all  public  offices  are  filled  and  their  duties  per- 
formed. 

3.  To  make  appointments  and  supply  vacancies  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for  in  all  departments. 

4.  To  be  the  sole  official  organ  of  communication  between  the  gov- 
ernment of  this  State  and  other  States  or  the  government  of  the 
United  States. 

5.  To  use  the  civil  and  military  power  of  the  State  to  prevent  the 
violation  of  the  statute  against  prize  fighting  in  North  Carolina. 

6.  "To  convene  the  Council  of  State  for  consultation  whenever  he 
deems  it  necessary. 

7.  To  appoint  a  Private  Secretary,  who  shall  keep  a  record  of  all 
public  letters  written  by  or  to  the  Governor  in  books  provided  for 
that  purpose. 

8.  To  cause  to  be  kept  the  following  records:  a  register  of  all  ap- 
plications for  pardon  or  the  commutation  of  any  sentence;  an  ac- 
count of  his  official  expenses,  and  the  rewards  offered  by  him  for 
the  apprehension  of  criminals,  which  shall  be  paid  upon  the  warrant 
of  the  Auditor. 

9.  Under  certain  conditions  to  employ  counsel  for  the  State. 

10.  To  appoint  by  proclamation  one  day  in  each  year  as  a  day  of 
solemn  and  public  thanksgiving  to  Almighty  God  for  past  blessings 
and  of  supplication  for  His  continued  kindness  and  care  over  us  as  a 
State  and  a  Nation. 

11.  To  procure  a  seal  for  each  department  of  the  State  govern- 
ment to  be  used  in  such  manner  as  may  be  established  by  law. 

In  addition  to  the  above  duties  the  Governor  is,  ex  officio,  chair- 
man of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  of  the  Board  of  Public  Build- 
ings and  Grounds,  of  the  State  Board  of  Pensions,  of  the  State  Board 
of  Internal  Improvements,  of  the  North  Carolina  Geological  Board, 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  State  Library,  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 


Secretary  of  State.  59 

tees  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  of  the  State  Text-book 
Commission,  of  the  committee  to  let  the  contract  for  State  printing, 
and  of  the  State  Board  of  Canvassers. 


THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

J.  Bryan  Grimes,  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Secretary  of  State  is  at  the  head  of  the  Department  of  State. 
He  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  four  years  and  receives  a 
salary  of  $3,500.  He  is,  ex  officio,  a  member  of  the  Council  of  State, 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  of  the  State  Text-book  Commission, 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  and  is  a  trustee  of 
the  public  libraries. 

The  Secretary  of  State  countersigns  all  commissions  issued  by 
the  Governor,  and  is  charged  with  the  custody  of  all  statutes  and 
joint  resolutions  of  the  Legislature,  all  documents  which  pass  under 
the  Great  Seal,  and  of  all  books,  records,  deeds,  parchments,  maps 
and  papers  now  deposited  in  his  office  or  which  may  hereafter  be 
there  deposited  pursuant  to  law. 

Through  the  Secretary  of  State  all  corporations  for  business  or 
charitable  purposes  under  the  general  laws  of  the  State  are  char- 
tered. This  includes  mercantile,  manufacturing,  banking,  insurance, 
railroad,  street  car,  electric,  steamboat,  and  other  companies.  The 
certificates  of  incorporation  are  there  filed  and  recorded.  In  the 
last  two  years  there  have  been  1.915  certificates  for  domestic  cor- 
porations filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  on  which 
$48,954.30  organization  or  dissolution  taxes  have  been  paid.  In  the 
last  two  years  49  banks  have  been  incorporated  and  8  railroad  com- 
panies have  filed  articles  of  association  or  amendment  with  the  Sec- 
retary of  State.  Foreign  corporations,  before  being  permitted  to  do 
business  in  North  Carolina,  are  required  to  file  copies  of  their  char- 
ters in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 

All  bills  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  are  enrolled  for  ratifi- 
cation under  the  supervision  and  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State, 
and  shall  be  typewritten  or  written  with  pen  and  ink,  in  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Secretary  of  State.  All  bills  are  now  typewritten,  which 
change    is    very   much    in    the    interest    of    economy    and    accuracy. 


60  Executive  Departments. 

Copyists  in  the  enrolling  office  are  paid  ten  cents  a  copy  sheet  for 
original  and  one  carbon  copy.  The  carbon  copy  is  sent  to  the  State 
Printer,  from  which  copy  are  published  the  laws,  resolutions,  etc. 
An  assistant  to  the  Secretary  of  State  prepares  these  laws  for  publi- 
cation, determines  which  are  "public,"  "public-local,"  and  which  are 
"private";  side-notes  them  and  prepares  the  captions  and  indexes 
the  laws  of  the  session.  This  work  has  grown  very  much  in  the 
last  few  years. 

The  Secretary  of  State  is  charged  with  the  work  of  distributing 
the  Supreme  Court  Reports,  The  Revisal,  Session  Laws,  Journals,  etc. 

The  Secretary  of  State  furnishes  to  the  various  precincts,  coun- 
ties, and  boards  all  books,  blanks,  forms,  and  other  printed  matter 
necessary  for  holding  general  elections;  prepares  blanks  for  the 
State  Board  of  Canvassers,  and  issues  certificates  of  election  to  such 
persons  as  are  declared  elected  by  the  State  Board  of  Canvassers. 
He  also  keeps  in  his  office  a  permanent  roll  of  the  voters  of  the 
precincts  and  counties  who  registered  under  the  "grandfather  clause" 
of  the  Constitution. 

All  vacant  and  unappropriated  land  in  North  Carolina  is  subject 
to  entry  by  residents  or  citizens  of  the  State.  Almost  all  the  vacant 
land  in  the  State  has  been  granted  to  individuals  or  is  the  property 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  but  small  tracts  are  frequently 
discovered  and  entries  for  same  made.  The  warrants,  plats,  and 
surveys  and  a  record  of  grants  for  all  lands  originally  granted  by  the 
Lords  Proprietors,  by  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain,  or  by  the  State  of 
North  Carolina,  are  preserved  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1909  increased  the  price  of  these  lands 
to  $1.50  an  acre,  and  provided  "that  all  lands  entered  under  this 
act  for  which  a  grant  has  been  obtained  at  the  price  of  $1.50  an  acre 
shall  be  free  from  all  claims,  title  and  interest  now  vested  in  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  or  the  State  Board  of  Education." 

All  automobiles  in  the  State  are  required  to  be  registered  annually 
by  the  Secretary  of  State  on  or  before  the  1st  of  July.  For  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1919,  there  have  been  registered  in  his  office  from 
July  1st  to  November  30th,  72,313  automobiles.  There  has  been 
paid  into  the  State  Treasury  from  this  source  for  the  two  fiscal 
years  ending  November  30th,  $744,485.79. 

For  the  two  years  ending  November  30,  1918,  the  collections  made 
in  the  Secretary  of  State's  office,  paid  into  the  State  Treasury,  were 
$833,428.80. 


State  Treasurer.  61 

In  the  last  few  years  the  work  in  this  office  has  been  greatly  in- 
creased, everything  has  been  indexed  and  systematically  filed,  and 
the  dangerous  and  unsightly  paper  boxes  and  files  in  wooden  cup- 
boards have  been  replaced  with  steel,  fireproof  cases. 


THE  TREASURER. 

B.  R.  Lacy,  State  Treasurer. 

The  State  Treasury  is  one  of  the  Executive  Departments  of  the 
State  Government.  The  State  Treasurer  is  elected  by  the  people  for 
a  term  of  four  years.  His  term  of  office  begins  the  first  day  of  Jan- 
uary next  after  his  election,  and  continues  until  his  successor  is 
elected  and  qualified.     He  receives  a  salary  of  $3,500  per  annum. 

The  duties  of  the  State  Treasurer  as  prescribed  by  law  are  as 
follows: 

1.  To  keep  his  office  in  the  city  of  Raleigh  and  attend  there  be- 
tween the  hours  of  10  o'clock  a.  m.  and  3  o'clock  p.  m.,  except  Sun- 
days and  legal  holidays. 

2.  To  receive  all  moneys  that  may  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  of 
the  State;  to  pay  interest  on  State  bonds  and  all  warrants  legally 
drawn  on  the  Treasury  by  the  Auditor,  and  to  report  to  the  Gov- 
ernor and  the  General  Assembly  the  financial  condition  of  the  State, 
including  a  summary  of  the  receipts  and  disbursements  for  each 
fiscal  year. 

3.  To  make  complete  revenue  bill  to  cover  estimated  expenses  and 
recommend  the  tax  rate. 

4.  To  construe  Revenue  and  Machinery  Acts. 


THE  STATE  AUDITOR. 

W.  P.  Wood,  State  Auditor. 

The  Department  of  the  State  Auditor  is  one  of  the  Executive  De- 
partments of  the  State  Government.  The  Auditor  is  elected  for  a 
term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State,  at  the  same 
time  and  places  and  in  the  same  manner  as  members  of  the  General 


62  Executive  Departments. 

Assembly  are  elected.  His  term  of  office  begins  on  the  first  day  of 
January  next  after  his  election,  and  continues  until  his  successor  is 
elected  and  qualified.  (Constitution  of  North  Carolina,  Article  III, 
section  1.)  His  duties  as  prescribed  by  law  are  as  follows  (Revisal 
of  1905,  section  5365) : 

1.  To  superintend  the  fiscal  concerns  of  the  State. 

2.  To  report  to  the  Governor  annually,  and  to  the  General  As- 
sembly at  the  beginning  of  each  biennial  session  thereof,  a  complete 
statement  of  the  funds  of  the  State,  of  its  revenues  and  of  the 
public  expenditures  during  the  preceding  fiscal  year,  and,  as  far  as 
practicable,  an  account  of  the  same  down  to  the  termination  of  the 
current  calendar  year,  together  with  a  detailed  estimate  of  the  ex- 
penditures to  be  defrayed  from  the  Treasury  for  the  ensuing  fiscal 
year,  specifying  therein  each  object  of  expenditure  and  distinguish- 
ing between  such  as  are  provided  for  by  permanent  or  temporary 
appropriations  and  such  as  must  be  provided  for  by  a  new  statute, 
and  suggesting  the  means  from  which  such  expenditures  are  to  be 
defrayed. 

3.  To  suggest  plans  for  the  improvement  and  management  of  the 
public  revenue. 

4.  To  keep  and  state  all  accounts  in  which  the  State  is  interested. 

5.  To  examine  and  settle  the  accounts  of  all  persons  indebted  to 
the  State,  and  to  certify  the  amount  of  balance  to  the  Treasurer. 

6.  To  direct  and  superintend  the  collection  of  all  moneys  due  to 
the  State. 

7.  To  examine  and  liquidate  the  claims  of  all  persons  against  the 
State,  in  cases  where  there  is  sufficient  provision  of  law  for  the 
payment  thereof,  and  where  there  is  no  sufficient  provision,  to  ex- 
amine the  claim  and  report  the  fact,  with  his  opinion  thereon,  to 
the  General  Assembly. 

8.  To  require  all  persons  who  have  received  any  moneys  belonging 
to  the  State,  and  have  not  accounted  therefor,  to  settle  their  accounts. 

9.  To  have  the  exclusive  power  and  authority  to  issue  all  warrants 
for  the  payment  of  money  upon  the  State  Treasurer;  and  it  shall  be 
the  Auditor's  duty,  before  issuing  the  same,  to  examine  the  laws 
authorizing  the  payment  thereof,  and  satisfy  himself  of  the  correct- 
ness of  the  accounts  of  persons  applying  for  warrants,  and  to  this 
end  he  shall  have  the  power  to  administer  oaths;  and  he  shall  also 
file  in  his  office  the  voucher  upon  which  the  warrant  is  drawn  and 
cite  the  law  upon  said  warrant. 


State  Auditor.  63 

10.  To  procure  from  the  books  of  the  hanks  in  which  the  Treasurer 
makes  his  deposits,  monthly  statements  of  the  moneys  received  and 
paid  on  account  of  the  Treasurer. 

11.  To  keep  an  account  between  the  State  and  the  Treasurer,  and 
therein  charge  the  Treasurer  with  the  balance  in  the  Treasury  when 
he  came  into  office,  and  with  all  moneys  received  by  him,  and  credit 
him  with  all  warrants  drawn  or  paid  by  him. 

12.  To  examine  carefully  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  every  month,  or 
oftener  if  he  deems  it  necessary,  the  accounts  of  the  debits  and 
credits  in  the  bank  book  kept  by  the  Treasurer,  and  if  he  discovers 
any  irregularity  or  deficiency  therein,  unless  the  same  be  rectified  or 
explained  to  his  satisfaction,  to  report  the  same  forthwith  in  writing 
to  the  Governor. 

13.  To  require,  from  time  to  time,  all  persons  who  have  received 
moneys  or  securities,  or  have  had  the  disposition  or  management  of 
any  property  of  the  State,  of  which  an  account  is  kept  in  his  office, 
to  render  statements  thereof  to  him;  and  all  such  persons  shall 
render  such  statements  at  such  time  and  in  such  form  as  he  shall 
require. 

14.  To  require  any  person  presenting  an  account  for  settlement  to 
be  sworn  before  him  and  to  answer  orally  as  to  any  facts  relating  to 
its  correctness. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  State  Auditor  is  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  State,  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  of  the  State  Text- 
book Commission,  of  the  State  Board  of  Pensions,  and  ex  officio  Sec- 
retary of  the  Soldiers'  Home.  All  pension  matters  are  managed  in 
this  department;  all  applications  for  pensions  examined,  and  all 
pension  warrant  issued  to  more  than  fifteen  thousand  pensioners. 
The  Auditor  keeps  the  accounts  of  the  Soldiers'  Home. 

PENSIONS   FOR   CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 

The  first  pension  law  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  1885.  It 
appropriated  $30,000  annually  for  certain  classes  of  disabled  Con- 
federate soldiers.  This  appropriation  has  been  increased  from  time 
to  time,  until  the  annual  appropriation  now  amounts  to  $575,000. 

We  have  now  on  the  pension  roll  of  North  Carolina  in  round 
numbers  l^.OOO  pensioners. 

To  totally  blind  and  disabled  Confederate  soldiers  the  law  allows 
$120  each  per  year.     That  class  received  $13,440  in  1917. 


64  Executive  Departments. 

The  Soldiers'  Home  was  organized  by  the  Legislature  of  1891,  and 
there  was  expended  that  year  $2,250.  That  has  gradually  increased 
from  year  to  year  until  the  last  Legislature  appropriated  $42,500  for 
maintenance. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION. 

Eugene  C.  Brooks,  Superintendent. 

The  Department  of  Education  is  one  of  the  Executive  Departments 
of  the  State  Government.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
head  of  the  department,  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  four 
years.  His  term  begins  on  the  first  of  January  next  after  his  elec- 
tion, and  continues  until  his  successor  has  been  elected  and  qualified. 
His  salary  is  $3,000  per  annum,  and  in  addition  he  is  allowed  "actual 
traveling  expenses"  when  engaged  in  the  performance  of  his  official 
duties. 

Section  XLI  of  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  of  1776  is  as 
follows:  "That  a  school  or  schools  be  established  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, for  the  convenient  instruction  of  youth,  with  such  salaries  to 
the  masters,  paid  by  the  public,  as  may  enable  them  to  instruct  at 
low  prices;  and  all  useful  learning  shall  be  duly  encouraged  and 
promoted  in  one  or  more  universities." 

Except  for  the  establishment  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
no  attempt  was  made  by  the  Legislature  to  carry  out  this  injunction 
of  the  Constitution  until  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  century  had 
elapsed.  The  first  efforts  were  a  failure,  and  nothing  definite  was 
accomplished  until  the  creation  of  a  Department  of  Education  by  the 
election  in  1851  of  Calvin  H.  Wiley.  Superintendent  of  Common 
Schools.  He  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  January,  1852. 
and  was  continued  in  office  until  October  19,  1865.  The  following 
figures  tell  the  story  of  his  work:  Number  of  teachers  in  1852,  800; 
in  1855,  2.064;  in  1860,  2.286.  Enrollment  in  the  schools  in  1853, 
83.373;  in  1855,  115,856;  in  1860,  116.567.  Number  of  schools  taught 
in  1855.  1,905;  1860,  2,854.  School  fund  in  1853,  $192,250;  in  1860, 
$408,566.  Expenditures  in  1853,  $139,865;  in  1860  $255,641.  The 
schools  were  kept  open  throughout  the  war,  and  in  1863  enrolled 
more  than  50.000  pupils.  In  1865,  as  one  of  the  results  of  the  war, 
the  office  of  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools  was  abolished. 


Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  65 

By  the  Constitution  of  1868  the  office  of  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  was  created,  and  the  Department  of  Education  made  one 
of  the  Constitutional  Departments  of  the  State  Government.  Since 
that  time  the  following  have  filled  the  office:  S.  S.  Ashley,  Alexander 
Mclver,  Stephen  D.  Pool,  John  C.  Scarborough,  Sidney  M.  Finger, 
Charles  H.  Mebane,  Thomas  F.  Toon,  and  James  Y.  Joyner. 

The  scope  and  general  nature  of  the  work  of  this  department  can 
be  best  understood  from  the  following  summary  of  the  general  powers 
and  duties  of  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

The  Superintendent  is  required  to  publish  the  school  law,  make  a 
biennial  report  to  the  Governor,  keep  his  office  at  the  capital,  and 
sign  all  orders  for  money  paid  out  of  State  Treasury  for  educational 
purposes.  He  has  general  direction  of  the  school  system  and  the 
enforcement  of  the  school  law,  all  school  officers  being  required  to 
obey  his  instructions  and  his  interpretation  of  the  law.  He  is  re- 
quired to  be  acquainted  with  the  educational  conditions  of  all  sec- 
tions of  the  State,  and  he  must  also  keep  in  touch  with  the  educa- 
tional progress  of  other  States. 

In  addition  to  these  general  duties,  the  State  Superintendent  has 
the  following  duties:  Secretary  Text-book  Commission,  Rev.  1905, 
4057;  trustee  of  State  Library,  Rev.  1905,  5069;  president  board  of 
directors  State  Normal  and  Industrial  College,  Rev.  1905,  4252; 
chairman  of  trustees  of  East  Carolina  Training  School,  Laws  1907; 
chairman  State  Board  of  Examiners  and  Institute  Conductors,  Laws 
1917;  prescribes  course  of  study  for  public  high  schools,  Laws  1907; 
makes  rules  and  regulations  for  rural  libraries,  Rev.  1905;  member 
board  of  trustees  of  Appalachian  Training  School,  Laws  1907;  chair- 
man ex  officio  board  of  trustees  of  the  Caswell  Training  School. 
Laws  1911;  chairman  ex  officio  board  of  trustees  of  Cullowhee  Nor- 
mal and  Industrial  School,  Laws  1913;  member  of  board  of  trustees 
of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  Laws  1909,  c.  432;  member  State 
Board  of  "Vocational  Education,  Laws  1917;  member  of  Library 
Commission. 


66 


Executive  Department. 


SUMMARY  OF  EXPENDITURES,  1916-1917. 


Rural 

City 

North 
Carolina 

Total  expenditures,  1916-'17 

$4,812,380.84 
4,277,982.81 

$2,609,573.31 
2,283,664.03 

$  7,421.954.15 

6,561,646.84 

Increase  

$    534,398.03    S    325.909.28 

$      860,307.31 

Expenses  (Cost  of  Conducting  School  System): 

§2,989,642.53 
2,842,665.80 

$1,299,940.45 
1,211,987.14 

$  4,289.582.98 

4,054,652.94 

Administration,  1916-'17 

$    146,976.73 

$    175,196.68 
180,492.84 

$      87,953.31 

$      30,111.30 
36,276.21 

S      234,930.04 

$      205,307.98 
216,769.05 

S      *5,296.16 

$      *6,164.91    $      *11, 461.07 

Operation  and  maintenance  of  plants,  1916- 
1917                                 

S    144,411.78 
131,253.64 

$    189,749.27    S      334.161.05 

Operation  and  maintenance  of  plants,  1915— 
1916                                 

168,858.55  I        300,112.19 

S      13,158.14 

$    812,302.72 
563,089.25 

$      20,890.72    $        34,048.86 

Outlays  (For  Permanent  Improvements  and 
Repayment  of  Bonds,  Loans,  Etc.): 
Outlay  payments  for  new  buildings,  sites, 

$    548,506.00 
358,428.54 

$  1,360,808.72 

Outlay  payments  for  new  buildings,  sites, 

921,517.79 

$    249,213.47 
$    690,827.13 

$    190,077.46   $      439,290.93 

Borrowed  money  repaid,  bonds,  etc.,  1916- 
1917                             -- -- 

S    541,266.29    $  1,232,093.42 

Borrowed  money  repaid,  bonds,  etc.,  1916- 
1917                        

560,481.28         508,113.59       1,068,594.87 

S    130,345.85    S      33,152.70  |$      163,498.55 

Balance  on  hand,  June  30,  1917 --- 

$    281,003.29 

$    201,414.64    $      482,417.93 

'Decrease. 


MISCELLANEOUS  STATISTICS,  1916-1917. 


Total  school  population 

Total  enrollment 

Total  average  daily  attendance 

Total  number  rural  schools. -- 

Total  number  teachers 

Average  term  of  all  schools  in  days. 

Total  number  schoolhouses 

Total  value  of  school  property 

Average  value  of  all  schoolhouses... 
Average  annual  salary  of  teachers... 


Rural 


668,782 

530,025 

347,803 

7,825 

12,313 

113.6 

7.723 

$7,092,327.00 

918.34 

233 .09 


City 


North 
Carolina 


lt,s.ss:5 

115,931 

84,593 


2,733 

165.2 

360 

$6,201,069.94 

17,225.19 

423 .89 


$13 


837.665 

645,956 

432,396 

7,825 

15,046 

123 .02 

8,083 

293,396.94 

1,614.61 

267.67 


Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


67 


SCHOOL  FUND  AND  SOURCES,  1916-1917. 


Revenue  Receipts: 

General  county  property  and  poll  taxes, 

1916-*17 

General  county  property  and  poll  taxes, 
1915-16 


Rural 


•52,066,406.92 
1,946,485.17 


Increase S    119,921 .75 


Local  district  taxes,  1916-'17. 
Local  distiict  taxes,  1915-'16_ 


Increase, 


Fines,  forfeitures,  and  penalties,  1916-'17_. 
Fines,  forfeitures,  and  penalties,  1915-'16__ 


$    750,856.53 
703,600.51 


Increase. 


State  £250,000  per  capita  appropriation, 
1916-'17 

State  S250.000  per  capita  appropriation, 
1915-16 


Increase. 


State  equalizing  fund  appropriation,  1916- 
1917 

State  equalizing  fund  appropriation,  1915- 
1916. 


$      47,256.02 

$    157,496.94 
155,144.71 


S        2,352.23 

$  236,874.90 
245,514.77 


$   *8,639.87 

S    393,775.91 
476,134.69 


Increase. 


High  schools  and  farm  life  schools,  1916-'17. 
High  schools  and  farm  life  schools,  1915-'16. 

Increase 


Private  donations  and  State  appropria- 
tions for  libraries,  1916— *17 .... 

Private  donations  and  State  appropiia- 
tions  for  libraries,  1915-'16 


Increase. 


Tuitions  and  all  other  revenue  sources, 
1916-'17 

Tuitions  and  all  other  revenue  sources, 
1915-16 


S    *82,358.78 

S      97,000.00 
96,302.72 


City 


S    546,271.97 
604,001.79 


S     *57,729.82 

SI, 061, 219. 18 
937,385.29 


North 
Carolina 


S  2,612,678.89 
2,550,486.96 


S        62,191.93 

$  1.812.075.71 
1,640,985.80 


i    123,833.89   S      171,089.91 

1,466.06  '$      158,963.00 
2,093.24  157,237.95 


*627.18 


10,750.00 
8,600.00 


$ 


697 .28 


S      15,271.73 
44,971.15 


$        2,150.00 

$  312.94 

2,112.44 


Increase. 


Total  revenue  receipts,  1916— 117. 
Total  revenue  receipts,  1915— '16- 


i    '29,697.42 

$    101,877.77 
58.153.52 


$      43,724.25 


Increase. 


83,819,560.70 
3,726,305.23 


$      '1,865.48 

$      63,159.12 
75,612.85 


$     '12,453.73 


$      93,255.47 


51,683,179.27 
1,629,871.59 


$      53,307.68 


S  1,725.05 

$      236,874.90 
245,514.77 

3        *S,639.87 

5      393,775.91 
476,134.69 


5      *82,358.78 

I   107,750.00 
104,902.71 


3,847.28 

15,584.67 
17,147.57 


$      '31,562.90 

?     165,036.89 

133,766.37 

S        31,770.52 


S  5,502,739.97 
5, 356, 176. sj 


S      146,563.15 


'Decrease. 


68 


Executive  Department. 


SCHOOL  FUND  AND  SOURCES— Continued. 


Rural 

City 

North 

Carolina 

Non-HIV5  NIK    Hi  '    1  HTS. 

Sale  of  honds,  1916-U7 - 

Sale  of  bonds,  1915-'16 

S    279,007.99 
67,739.61 

S    150,309.96 
540,708.66 

S      429.317.95 
608,448.27 

$    211,268.38 

$    123,925.00 
76,230.08 

S  *390,398.70 

$        0,290.00 
21,378.00 

S     '179,130.32 

State  loan  fund,  1916-'17    

?      130, 185.00 

97, 608.  OS 

Increas 


S      47,694.92    «     *15, 128.00    S        37,576.92 


Borrowed  from  banks  (temporary   loans) 

1916-'17. S    571,111.50 

Borrowed  from  banks    (temporary  loans) 

1915-U6 443,436.46 


S    503,475.88    S  1,074.587.38 


3S2.931.0S 


, 


Increase. S     127,675.04    S     120,544.80 


Sale  of  school  property,  insurance  and  all 
other  non-revenue  receipts,  1916— '17 S 

Sale  of  school  property,  insurance  and  all 
other  non-revenue  receipts,  1915-'  16 


S26.367.54 


S      248, 219 .S4 


Increase. 


Balance  brought  forward,  July  1,  1916. 


Grand  total  of  all  receipts,  1916-'17. 
Grand  total  of  all  receipts,  1915-'16. 

Increase.. 


32,285.73  \i      22,024.09     S      54.C09.82 
24,593.97  I  71,177.11 


14,297.41 

267,483.21 

,093,384.13 
,573,931.62 


S    519,452.51 


■3      *2,569.88 

445,748.75 

S2.S10.987.95 
2,698,956.08 


8      *16,867.29 

713,231.96 

$  7.904,372.08 
7,272.887.70 


S    112,031.87    8      631,484.38 


'Decrease. 


Attorney-General.  69 


THE  ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

James  S.  Manning,  Attorney-General,  Raleigh. 

The  Attorney-General  is  a  member  of  the  Executive  Department 
of  the  State  Government.  He  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of 
four  years.  His  term  begins  the  first  of  January  next  after  his 
election  and  continues  until  his  successor  is  elected  and  qualified. 
He  receives  a  salary  of  $3,000  per  annum. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Attorney-General: 

1.  To  defend  all  actions  in  the  Supreme  Court  in  which  the  State 
shall  be  interested  or  is  a  party;  and,  also,  when  requested  by  the 
Governor  or  either  branch  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  appear  for 
the  State  in  any  other  court  or  tribunal  in  any  cause  or  matter,  civil 
or  criminal,  in  which  the  State  may  be  a"  party  or  interested. 

2.  At  the  request  of  the  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer, 
Auditor,  Corporation  Commissioners,  Insurance  Commissioner,  or 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  he  shall  prosecute  and  defend 
all  suits  relating  to  matters  connected  with  their  departments. 

3.  To  represent  all  State  institutions,  including  the  State  Prison, 
whenever  requested  so  to  do  by  the  official  head  of  any  such  insti- 
tution. 

4.  To  consult  with  and  advise  the  solicitors,  when  requested  by 
them,  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  duties  of  their  office. 

5.  To  give,  when  required,  his  opinion  upon  all  questions  of  law 
submitted  to  him  by  the  General  Assembly,  or  either  branch  thereof, 
or  by  any  official  of  the  State. 

6.  To  pay  all  moneys  received  for  debts  due  or  penalties  to  the 
State  immediately  after  the  receipt  thereof,  into  the  Treasury. 

The  Attorney-General  is  also  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, of  the  State  Board  of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  of  the 
State  Board  of  Pensions,  and  of  the  State  Text-book  Commission, 
and  is  the  legal  adviser  of  the  Council  of  State. 


PART 


JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 


1.  Court  of  Impeachment. 

2.  Supreme  Court. 

3.  Superior  Courts. 

4.  Other  Inferior  Courts. 

5.  Corporation  Commission. 


JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 


The  judicial  power  of  the  State  is  vested  in: 

1.  A  Court  for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments. 

2.  A  Supreme  Court. 

3.  The  Superior  Courts. 

4.  Courts  of  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

5.  Such  other  inferior  courts  as  may  be  established  by  the  General 
Assembly. 


COURT  OF  IMPEACHMENT. 

Article  IV,  section  3.  of  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  pro- 
vides that  the  court  for  the  trial  of  impeachment  shall  be  the  Senate. 
A  majority  of  the  members  are  necessary  to  a  quorum,  and  the  judg- 
ment shall  not  extend  beyond  removal  from,  and  disqualification  to 
hold,  office  in  North  Carolina;  but  the  party  shall  be  liable  to  in- 
dictment and  punishment  according  to  law.  The  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives solely  has  the  power  of  impeaching.  No  person  shall  be 
convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  Senators 
present.  When  the  Governor  is  impeached,  the  Chief  Justice  pre- 
sides. The  following  causes,  or  charges,  are  sufficient,  when  proven, 
to  warrant  conviction:  (1)  corruption  in  office;  (2)  habitual  drunk- 
enness; (3)  intoxication  while  in  the  exercise  of  office;  (4)  drunk- 
enness in  any  public  place;  (5)  mental  or  physical  incompetence  to 
discharge  the  duties  of  office;  (6)  any  criminal  matter  the  conviction 
whereof  would  tend  to  bring  the  office  into  public  contempt. 

Only  once  in  the  history  of  the  State  has  the  High  Court  of  Im- 
peachment been  organized  for  the  purpose  of  impeaching  the  Gov- 
ernor. This  was  in  1870,  when  the  House  of  Representatives  im- 
peached Governor  W.  W.  Holden  before  the  Senate,  for  "high  crimes 
and  misdemeanors."  The  trial  was  conducted  on  both  sides  by  the 
most  eminent  lawyers  of  the  State,  and  resutled  in  the  conviction  of 
the  Governor  and  his  removal  from  office.  In  1901  similar  charges 
of  impeachment  were  preferred  against  Chief  Justice  David  M. 
Furches  and  Associate  Justice  Robert  M.  Douglas,  but  both  were 
acquitted. 


74  Judicial  Department. 

THE  SUPEEME  COURT. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  four  associate 
justices  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  for  a  term  of 
eight  years. 

The  Constitution  of  1776  required  the  General  Assembly  to  "ap- 
point Judges  of  the  Supreme  Courts  of  Law  and  Equity,  Judges  of 
Admiralty,  and  Attorney-General,"  who  were  commissioned  by  the 
Governor  and  held  office  during  good  behavior.  Acting  under  this 
authority,  the  General  Assembly  in  1776  divided  the  State  into  six 
judicial  districts.  In  1782  a  seventh  district,  and  in  1787  an  eighth 
district  were  added.  Under  the  act  of  1777  three  judges,  Samuel 
Ashe,  Samuel  Spencer,  and  James  Iredell,  were  chosen.  The  judges 
rode  the  circuits  separately,  but  sat  together  as  an  appellate  court. 
In  1790  the  eight  judicial  districts  were  divided  into  an  eastern  and 
a  western  riding,  and  a  fourth  judge  was  added,  two  being  assigned 
to  each  riding.  In  each  riding  the  two  judges  sat  together  as  an 
appellate  court.  In  1797  the  General  Assembly  created  an  extra- 
ordinary court  for  the  purpose  of  trying  the  Secretary  of  State  and 
other  officials  who  had  been  discovered  confederating  with  others  in 
an  elaborate  scheme  for  defrauding  the  State  by  issuing  fraudulent 
land  warrants.  For  trial  of  these  criminals  the  General  Assembly 
deemed  it  expedient  to  create  a  new  court  to  sit  at  Raleigh  twice  a 
year,  not  exceeding  ten  days  at  each  term.  The  court  was  author- 
ized to  hear  appeals  of  causes  which  had  accumulated  in  the  district 
courts.  The  existence  of  this  court  under  the  act  was  to  expire  at 
the  close  of  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly  next  after  June  10, 
1802;  but  before  the  expiration  of  this  time  the  General  Assembly 
continued  the  court  for  three  years  longer,  for  the  purpose  of  hearing 
appeals  from  the  district  courts,  and  gave  to  it  the  name  of  "Court 
of  Conference."  By  an  act  of  1804  the  court  was  made  a  permanent 
Court  of  Record.  The  judges  were  ordered  to  reduce  their  opinions 
to  writing  and  to  deliver  the  same  viva  voce  in  open  court.  The  next 
year  (1805)  the  name  of  the  court  was  changed  to  the  Supreme 
Court.  In  1810  the  judges  were  authorized  to  elect  one  of  their 
members  a  Chief  Justice,  John  Louis  Taylor  being  chosen  to  that 
office.  The  Supreme  Court  now  consisted  of  six  judges,  but  two 
continued  to  be  a  quorum,  and  all  the  judges  still  rode  the  circuits. 

In  1818  an  act  was  passed  establishing  the  present  Supreme  Court 
and  requiring  it  to  sit  in  Raleigh  for  the  hearing  of  appeals.     The  act 


Supreme  and  Other  Courts.  75 

provided  for  tnree  judges  to  be  elected  by  the  General  Assembly. 
John  Louis  Taylor,  Leonard  Henderson,  and  John  Hall  composed  the 
first  court,  which  began  its  sessions  January  1,  1819.  The  judges 
elected  their  own  Chief  Justice,  Taylor  being  continued  in  that 
office.  The  number  of  judges  continued  to  be  three  until  1868,  when 
the  Constitution  adopted  by  the  convention  of  that  year  increased 
the  number  to  a  Chief  Justice  and  four  Associate  Justices.  The  Con- 
vention of  1875  reduced  it  again  to  three,  but  by  an  amendment 
adopted  in  1888  the  number  was  raised  to  a  Chief  Justice  and  four 
Associate  Justices,  where  it  has  continued  until  the  present  time. 
The  Supreme  Court  holds  annually  two  sessions  of  sixteen  weeks, 
one  beginning  the  first  Monday  in  September,  the  other  the  first 
Monday  in  February. 

The  court  is  authorized  to  choose  its  own  clerk,  marshal,  reporter, 
and  other  officers. 


SUPERIOR  COURTS. 

There  are  twenty  Superior  Court  judges,  one  for  each  of  the  twenty 
circuits,  or  judicial  districts,  who  are  elected  by  the  people  and  hold 
their  offices  for  a  term  of  eight  years.  The  Superior  Court  has  appel- 
late jurisdiction  of  all  issues  of  law  or  of  fact  determined  by  a  clerk 
of  the  Superior  Court  or  justice  of  the  peace,  and  of  all  appeals  from 
inferior  courts  for  error  assigned  in  matters  of  law  as  provided  by 
law.     In  the  matter  of  original  jurisdiction  the  law  is: 

"The  Superior  Court  shall  have  original  jurisdiction  of  the  civil 
actions  whereof  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  is  not  given  to  some 
other  court,  and  of  all  criminal  actions  in  which  the  punishment  may 
exceed  a  fine  of  fifty  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  thirty  days;  and 
of  all  such  affrays  as  shall  be  committed  within  one  mile  of  the  place 
where  and  during  the  time  such  court  is  being  held." 


OTHER  COURTS. 

The  Constitution  gives  to  the  General  Assembly  power  to  establish 
other  courts  inferior  to  the  Supreme  and  Superior  Courts,  and  to 
allot  and  distribute  to  them  such  powers  and  jurisdiction,  within 
constitutional    limits,    as    it   sees    fit.     From    the    decision    of   these 


76  Judicial  Department. 

inferior  courts  the  Legislature  has  power  to  provide  a  proper  system 
of  appeals. 

The  Constitution  also  requires  the  General  Assembly  to  provide 
for  the  establishment  of  special  courts  for  the  trial  of  misdemeanors 
in  cities  and  towns  where  the  same  may  be  necessary. 

Such  courts  are  the  mayors  of  cities  and  incorporated  towns. 
Their  election  or  appointment  is  usually  provided  for  in  the  charters 
of  incorporation,  the  acts  of  the  General  Assembly  prescribing  how 
particular  towns  and  cities  shall  be  governed. 

The  jurisdiction  of  such  special  courts — also  called  in  the  law, 
inferior,  courts — is  usually  set  forth  in  the  charters. 

The  general  law  also  provides  that  "the  mayor  of  every  city  and 
incorporated  town  *  *  *  within  the  corporate  limits  of  his  city  or 
town,  shall  have  the  jurisdiction  of  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  all 
criminal  matters  arising  under  the  laws  of  the  State  or  under  the 
ordinances  of  such  city  or  town." 

Justices  of  the  peace,  in  their  respective  counties,  try  (1)  that 
class  of  civil  actions  which  involve  demands  for  small  debts  and 
property  of  little  value  and  (2)  that  class  of  criminal  actions,  called 
petty  misdemeanors,  which  involve  only  slight  punishment. 

They  try  all  cases  of  contract  or  promise  to  pay  money  where  the 
sum  demanded  does  not  exceed  two  hundred  dollars. 

They  may  try  certain  other  civil  actions  where  the  value  of  the 
property  in  controversy  or  the  amount  claimed  for  damages  does  not 
exceed  fifty  dollars. 

They  try  criminal  cases  arising  within  their  counties  the  punish- 
ment of  which  fixed  by  law  cannot  exceed  a  fine  of  fifty  dollars  or 
imprisonment  for  thirty  days. 


NORTH  CAROLINA   CORPORATION  COMMISSION. 

J.  S.  Griffin,  Clerk. 

The  North  Carolina  Corporation  Commission  was  established  by 
an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1899,  superseding  the  Railroad 
Commission,  which  was  established  in  1891.  The  offices  of  the  Com- 
mission now  occupy  the  entire  first  floor  of  the  remodeled  State  De- 
partments Building. 

Membership:  W.  T.  Lee,  chairman,  Haywood  County;  George  P. 
Pell,  Forsyth  County;  A.  J.  Maxwell,  Craven  County. 


Corporation  Commission.  77 

The  Commission  has  general  supervision  over  all  railroad,  tele- 
graph, telephone,  street  railway,  steamboat,  canal,  waterworks,  and 
all  other  companies  exercising  the  right  of  eminent  domain,  and, 
also,  under  act  of  1913,  of  electric  light,  power,  water,  and  gas 
companies. 

It  is  authorized  to  hear  and  adjust  complaints,  to  fix  and  revise 
tariffs  of  all  railroads  and  all  other  transportation  companies. 

The  Commission  is  a  Board  of  Appraisers  and  Assessors  for  all  the 
railroads  and  other  corporations  mentioned  above,  and  also  assesses 
for  ad  valorem  taxation  the  value  of  the  capital  stock  of  all  North 
Carolina  corporations. 

The  Commission  is  also  a  State  Tax  Commission,  having  and 
exercising  general  supervision  over  the  tax  listers  and  assessing 
officers  of  the  State. 

In  1899  the  Commission  was  given  supervision  of  all  State  banks. 
Since  that  time  there  have  been  very  few  failures  of  State  banks  in 
wrhich  creditors  lost  anything.  State  banks  have  increased  in  num- 
ber during  the  last  ten  years  from  285  to  461.  with  a  corresponding 
increase  in  resources.  The  Commission  has  authority  to  appoint 
Bank  Examiners,  whose  duties  are  to  examine  the  various  banks  of 
the  State  and  report  to  the  Commission.  Three  examiners  are  now 
regularly  employed  in  this  work. 

COMPLAINTS. 

The  Commission  has  heard  5,307  formal  complaints.  These  com- 
plaints consist  principally  of  overcharges,  discriminations,  freight 
service,  failure  of  railroad  companies  to  provide  cars  for  transport- 
ing freights,  storage  charges,  petitions  for  depots  and  sidings. 

The  Commission  now  has  a  regular  department,  in  charge  of  an 
experienced  freight  rate  clerk,  for  the  handling  and  adjustment  of 
all  claims  by  shippers  for  overcharges  in  freight  rates. 

The  Commission  is  authorized  to  make  rules  for  the  handling  of 
freight,  and  to  require  the  building  of  depots,  etc. 

When  the  complaint  is  filed,  the  attention  of  the  company  com- 
plained against  is  called  to  the  cause  of  the  complaint;  and  if  the 
matter  be  such  that  it  cannot  be  settled  by  correspondence  alone,  the 
officers  of  the  company  complained  against  are  cited  to  appear.  In  a 
large  majority  of  cases  these  claims  are  amicably  settled  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  parties  concerned  and  without  cost  to  the 
complainant;  others  have,  however,  required  hearings.     The  records 


78  Judicial  Department. 

of  the  Commission  show  that  many  complaints  and  claims,  aggre- 
gating thousands  of  dollars,  have  been  paid  to  shippers.  Union  and 
other  stations  have  been  established  all  along  the  various  lines  of 
railroads. 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  correspondence  of  the  office  has  been  voluminous — many  in- 
quiries touching  taxation  and  matters  pertaining  to  corporations,  etc. 
Shippers  have  found  that  by  applying  to  this  office  they  can  be 
advised  of  the  proper  freight  rates  and  of  the  rules  governing  the 
transportation  of  freight  to  and  from  all  points,  and  they  are  taking 
advantage  of  the  opportunity.  Much  correspondence  is  necessary  in 
the  preparation  of  cases  and  the  gathering  of  such  statistics  as  are 
contemplated  by  law.  All  of  this  involves  a  vast  amount  of  labor 
and  correspondence. 

ASSESSMENT    AND    VALUATION    OF    RAILROAD,    TELEGRAPH,    TELEPHONE    AND 
STREET   RAILWAY   PROPERTY    BY    THE    CORPORATION    COMMISSION. 

In  the  year  1900 —  the  year  after  the  Commission  was  established— 
the  railroad  porperties  of  the  State  were  valued  at  $12,321,704;  in 
the  year  1911  the  Commission  assessed  and  valued  the  properties  of 
railroads  and  other  corporations  as  mentioned  below  at  $131,022,968. 

The  valuations  are  as  follows: 


Corporation  Commission. 


79 


ASSESSMENT  AND  VALUATION  OF  RAILROAD,  TELEGRAPH,  TELEPHONE 
STREET  RAILWAY,  STEAMBOAT,  AND  OTHER  PROPERTY. 


■ 

Mileage 

i 

Total 

Companies 

Main 
Line 

Sidings 

Valuation 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Bailroad 

950 .80 

694  .326 

95  .91 

•    609 .918 
590  .08 
773  .98 

1,238.52 

308 .92 
129  00 
27  .31 
247  .33 
157  .94 
223  .04 
216.71 

$ 

34,645,345 

Norfolk  Southern  Railroad  .    . .  ._     

7,227,255 

Norfolk  Southern  Railroad — A.  and  N.  C.  Division. 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway . 

'1,479.055 
20,125.000 

Southern  Railway — owned  lines 

25,907.719 

Southern  Railway-  leased  lines . 

23,817,133 

Miscellaneous  Railroads ._     

12,185,911 

Totals..   

4,953.534 

1,310.25 

125,387,418 

Electric  light,  street  railway,  and  gas  companies 

* 

11,281,591 

93,920 

Private  car  lines. . 

62.750 

Steamboat  companies. 

90,500 

20,747 

Telephone  companies .  . 

3,253,293 

117,260 

70,246 

Pullman  Company,  The ... 

487,226 

Telegraph  companies - 

997,287 

Total 

$ 
8 

16,474,820 

Grand  total 

141,862,238 

TAXES  PAID. 


Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad. 
Norfolk  Southern  Railroad... 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway... 

Southern  Railway 

Miscellaneous  railroads 

Total 


487,028.01 
126,362.80 
309,975.41 
655,200.38 
176,058.14 


$1,754,624.74 


EARNING3,  AND  OPERATING:   EXPSN3ES. 


Earnings 

Operating 
Expenses 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  Railroad 

811,584,617.49 

5,299,909.01 

8,772,875.70 

19,505,515  29 

7,583,209.31 

8    7,827,881.00 

Norfolk  Southern  Railway.. 

3,680,364  65 

Seaboard  Ail  Line  Railway _ 

5, 310,467. 75 

Southern  Railway             . .  .   . 

12,122,732.44 

Miscellaneous  railroads 

4,776,563.15 

Totals  .                          

$43,746,126.70 

8  33,718,008.99 

80  Judicial  Department. 


RAILROAD    COM  M  LSSIONERS. 


1891-1894— James  W.  Wilson,  Chairman,  Burke  County;  Thomas 
W.  Mason,  Northampton  County;  E.  C.  Beddingfleld,  Wake  County. 

1895-1896— James  W.  Wilson,  Chairman,  Burke  County;  E.  C.  Bed- 
dingfield,  Wake  County;  S.  Otho  Wilson,  Wilson  County. 

1897-1898— L.  C.  Caldwell,  Chairman,  Iredell  County;  John  H.  Pear- 
son, Burke  County;   D.  H.  Abbott,  Pamlico  County. 

CORPORATION    COMMISSIONERS. 

1899-1902 — Franklin  McNeill.  Chairman,  New  Hanover  County; 
Sam  L.  Rogers,  Macon  County;   D.  H.  Abbott.  Pamlico  County. 

1903-1908 — Franklin  McNeill,  Chairman,  New  Hanover  County; 
Sam  L.  Rogers,  Macon  County;  E.  C.  Beddingfleld,  Wake  County. 

1909— Franklin  McNeill,  Chairman,  New  Hanover  County;  Sam  L. 
Rogers.  Macon  County;   B.  F.  Aycock,  Wayne  County. 

1910 — Franklin  McNeill,  Chairman,  New  Hanover  County;  Sam  L. 
Rogers,  Macon  County;  H.  C.  Brown.  Surry  County. 

1911 — Franklin  McNeill.  Chairman,  New  Hanover  County;  W.  T. 
Lee,  Haywood  County;  E,  L.  Travis,  Halifax  County. 

1911-1916 — E.  L.  Travis,  Chairman,  Halifax  County;  W.  T.  Lee, 
Haywood  County;  George  P.  Pell,  Forsyth  County. 

1916-1919— W.  T.  Lee,  Chairman,  Haywood  County;  George  P.  Pell, 
Forsyth  County;  A.  J.  Maxwell,  Craven  County. 


PART  IV. 

ADMINISTRATIVE  DEPARTMENTS,  BOARDS, 
COMMISSIONS. 


1.  Department  of  Agriculture. 

2.  Department  of  Labor  and  Printing. 

3.  Department  of  Insurance. 

4.  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission. 

5.  State  Library. 

6.  North  Carolina  Library  Commission. 

7.  State  Board  of  Health. 

8.  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Public  Welfare. 

9.  North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic 

Survey. 

10.  State  Highway  Commission. 

11.  Fisheries  Commission  Board. 

12.  State  Board  of  Elections. 

13.  State  Standard  Keeper. 

14.  Firemen's  Relief  Fund. 

15.  Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina. 

16.  State  Educational  Commission. 

17.  Commission  for  Revision  of  Laws. 

18.  Board  of  Internal  Improvements. 

19.  North  Carolina  National  Guard  and  Reserve 

Militia. 

20.  State  Prison. 


THE  DEPARTMENT  OE  AGRICULTURE. 

W.  A.  Graham,  Commissioner,  Raleigh. 

The  Constitution  of  the  State  (1876)  provides  for  a  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Immigration,  and  Statistics.  Under  this  fundamental 
law  the  General  Assembly  established  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
in  1877.     (Chapter  274.) 

Since  that  time  it  has  been  greatly  fostered  and  enlarged  by  the 
General  Assembly,  and  its  field  expanded  by  the  enterprise,  energy, 
and  capacity  of  its  corps  of  workers. 

At  present  the  Board  consists  of  ten  members,  one  member  from 
each  Congressional  District,  who  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  and 
confirmed  by  the  Senate,  for  terms  of  six  years;  and  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Agriculture,  who  is  a  member  of  and  ex  officio  chairman 
of  the  Board.  All  members  are  required  by  law  to  be  practical 
farmers. 

The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  who  is  chief  executive  officer  of 
the  Department,  was  formerly  elected  by  the  Board;  but  the  Legis- 
lature of  1899,  in  order  to  bring  the  Department  in  closer  touch  with 
the  people,  especially  the  farmers  of  the  State,  so  changed  the  law 
as  to  make  the  Commissioner  an  elective  officer. 

The  Department  is  charged  with  the  following: 

1.  Investigations  relating  to  the  improvement  of  agriculture,  the 
beneficial  use  of  commercial  fertilizers  and  composts,  and  to  induce 
capital  and  labor  to  enter  the  State. 

2.  With  investigations  for  the  improvement  of  mijk  and  beef 
cattle,  especially  with  investigations  relating  to  the  diseases  of  cattle 
and  other  domestic  animals — having  power  to  quarantine  infected 
animals  and  to  regulate  the  transportation  of  stock  within  the  State. 

3.  With  investigations  of  the  ravages  of  insects  injuriously  affect- 
ing market  gardens,  fruits,  etc.,  and  with  dissemination  of  informa- 
tion essential  for  their  abatement. 

4.  With  investigations  directed  to  the  introduction  and  fostering 
of  new  agricultural  industries  adapted  to  the  various  soils  and 
climate  of  the  State. 

5.  With  investigations  relative  to  the  subject  of  drainage  and  irri- 
gation, and  mineral  and  domestic  sources  of  fertilizers,  including 
composting,  etc. 


84  Administrative  Departments. 

6.  With  the  collection  of  information  relating  to  the  subject  of 
farm  fences,  etc. 

7.  With  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  enacted  for  the  sale  of  com- 
mercial fertilizers,  seed,  food  products,  and  with  authority  to  make 
regulations  concerning  the  same. 

8.  With  the  dissemination  of  information  relative  to  the  ad- 
vantages of  soil  and  climate,  and  to  the  natural  resources  and 
industrial  opportunities  offered  in  the  State. 

To  these  have  been  added: 

The  issuing  of  bulletins. 

The  Museum. 

Farmers'  Institutes. 

Soil  Survey. 

Enforcement  by  regulations  of 

The  Pure  Food  Law; 

Concentrated  Commercial  Feeding-stuff  Law; 

Cotton-seed  Meal  Law; 

Law  regulating  the  statistics  of  leaf  tobacco; 

Crop-pest  Commission; 

Law  regulating  the  standard-weight  packages  of  meal  and  flour; 

Registration  and  sale  of  condimental,  patented,  proprietary  or 
trade-mark  stock  or  poultry  tonics,  regulators,  or  conditioners; 

The  inspection  of  illuminating  and  power  oils,  fluids  and  gasoline; 

Law  to  prevent  and  punish  the  sale  of  adulterated,  impure,  or 
misbranded  agricultural  and  vegetable  seed  and  those  lacking 
viability; 

The  manufacture  and  sale  of  anti-hog-cholera  serum,  also  of  inocu- 
lation germs  of  leguminous  crops. 

The  rapid  spread  of  the  "stock  law"  over  the  State  has  rendered 
unnecessary  any  action  by  the  Board  as  to  fences,  as  this  is  now 
largely  local.  A  map  showing  the  stock-law  and  no  stock-law,  quar- 
antine and  free  territory  in  the  State  has  recently  been  issued. 

The  Department  is.  to  a  considerable  extent,  a  sub-legislature. 
The  Legislature,  in  committing  to  its  execution  specified  laws,  con- 
fers upon  the  Board  power  to  make  regulations  for  this  purpose, 
which  are  given  the  authority  of  law.  and  violation  of  them  is  made 
a  misdemeanor,  cognizable  by  the  courts.  The  power  to  confer  this 
authority  has  been  tested  in  the  courts  and  approved  by  decision  of 
the  Supreme  Court. 


Agricultural  Department.  85 

things  that  have  been  done  by  the  agricultural  department 
during  the  past  eight  years. 

1.  The  source  of  the  ingredients  in  fertilizers  is  made  known. 
Analyses  are  reported  in  the  Bulletin  from  each  firm  so  as  to  have 
those  of  the  same  guarantee  classed  together,  and  a  farmer  can  tell 
them  and  not  make  an  extra  trip  when  he  can  get  goods  of  the  com- 
position he  wishes  although  under  a  different  name. 

2.  The  feed  inspection  law  has  been  amended  to  include  all  feeds 
and  the  value  of  feeds  much  improved.  Ground  red  corn  cobs  cannot 
be  sold  as  wheat  bran  nor  sawdust  or  rotten  corn  used  as  a  filler. 

3.  Condimental  Feed  Law. — Analyses  are  made  of  each  brand  and 
published.  The  people  need  not  pay  high  prices  for  many  of  the 
ingredients,  such  as  charcoal,  copperas,  saltpetre,  salt,  salts,  etc., 
which  can  be  bought  for  a  few  cents  a  pound  of  grocers.  Drugs  for 
either  stock  or  men  must  have  a  value  corresponding  with  that 
printed  on  the  container  or  they  can  be  excluded  from  sale. 

4.  Twenty-six  cheese  factories  are  in  operation,  and  these  afford 
markets  for  milk  in  our  mountain  counties  which  were  not  available 
three  years  ago.  In  1918,  411,000  pounds  of  cheese  were  made. 
Nine  creameries  are  in  operation. 

5.  Great  advance  has  been  made  along  all  lines  of  animal  hus- 
bandry, animal  feeding  and  feeds  for  animals,  including  poultry. 
All  cases  of  diseases  of  animals  appearing  in  the  State  have  been 
suppressed.    We  have  had  no  epidemic  which  could  not  be  eliminated. 

6.  The  manufacture  of  anti-hog-cholera  serum.  More  than  a  mil- 
lion cubic  centimeters  of  anti-hog-cholera  serum  have  been  made  for 
the  use  of  farmers,  and  while  the  cholera  is  not  eradicated,  every 
outbreak  has  been  abated.  Preparations  are  being  made  at  the 
serum  plant  to  purify  the  serum  by  application  of  electricity.  This 
may  add  a  small  amount  to  the  cost,  but  it  may  make  the  serum 
more  potent  so  that  a  smaller  dose  will  be  required. 

7.  The  eradication  of  the  cattle  tick  from  the  territory  beginning 
with  the  crest  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  to  the  east  so  as  to 
leave  only  eighteen  counties  in  the  extreme  east  infected.  Eradica- 
tion is  now  to  be  undertaken  in  "free-range"  territory  when  the 
counties  will  construct  the  vats  for  dipping;  prior  to  this  operations 
have  been  confined  to  stock-law  boundaries. 

8.  A  pure  seed  law  by  which  the  farmers  are  protected  from  pur- 
chase of  inferior  seed  either  in  purity  or  germination.    Seed  deficient 


86  Administrative  Departments. 

in  either  are  prohibited  from  sale  in  the  State,  and  the  introduction 
of  injurious  weeds  is  prohibited. 

9.  Preparation  of  legume  culture  which  is  sold  at  one-fourth  the 
former  price.     This  pays  the  cost  of  production  and  sale. 

10.  Great  advance  in  the  work  in  Entomology,  especially  in  spray- 
ing. Many  pests  have  been  destroyed  and  others  much  curtailed  in 
their  injurious  operations. 

11.  Also  in  Horticulture.  The  Department  has  taken  highest 
prizes  in  all  exhibits  of  apples,  and  the  North  Carolina  apples  and 
other  fruits  are  being  recognized  in  the  markets  of  the  Nation.  The 
pecan  culture  in  the  State  has  also  been  greatly  extended.  In  many 
sections  these  plantings  are  beginning  to  bear  nuts  of  very  superior 
quality. 

12.  The  State  in  the  value  of  its  farm  products  has  risen  from 
the  twenty-second  to  the  seventh  position,  and  the  value  of  the  agri- 
cultural crops  has  increased  since  1910  at  an  average  of  $10,000,000 
a  year. 

13.  The  Women's  Work. — Many  wives  and  daughters  of  farmers 
are  earning  money  for  themselves.  The  girls'  and  women's  clubs  are 
carrying  on  the  preserving  of  vegetables,  fruits,  and  meats.  The 
women  have  not  lacked  ability  to  do  this  work,  but  prior  to  this  they 
lacked  opportunity.  Several  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  of 
these  goods  will  be  produced  and  prepared  this  year.  This  work  in 
its  incipiency  and  growth  is  the  product  of  the  Farmers'  Institute 
as  conducted  by  the  Department. 

14.  Home  Demonstration  Work.  There  were  enrolled  in  this  work 
in  clubs  8.289  girls  and  8,343  women,  a  total  of  16,632.  Besides  the 
clubs,  there  were  217,143  women  who  gardened  as  individuals. 

There  were  200,882  pounds  of  fruits  and  vegetables  dried,  90,913 
gallons  brined,  and  125  community  canneries  established.  Fifty- 
nine  owners  of  mills  have  trained  agents  to  direct  the  work  in  the 
villages  at  the  mills.  26,633  home  conveniences  were  placed  in 
homes,  and  29  rest  rooms  were  established. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Health  says  that  the  organizations 
established  by  the  home  agents  were  most  helpful  in  the  fight  against 
influenza.  They  established  75  community  kitchens  and  in  many 
counties  they  directed  the  preparation  of  the  food.  Miss  Annie  Lee 
Rankin  acted  as  dietitian  at  the  A.  &  E.,  and  at  Camp  Polk,  and  Mrs. 


Agricultural  Department.  87 

Cornelia  Morris   at  the   Raleigh   High   School   emergency  hospital. 
Citizens  in  the  vicinity  furnished  supplies  at  many  of  the  kitchens. 

15.  Farm  demonstrators  in  seventy  counties,  whose  duty  it  is  to 
give  instructions  about  crops  to  the  farmer  in  the  field. 

16.  Boys'  corn  clubs  and  pig  clubs  in  all  parts  of  the  State. 

17.  Cooperative  work  with  the  U.  S.  Department  and  the  A.  and 
E.  College,  especially  under  the  Lever  Act. 

18.  The  Pure  Food  Laiv. — The  weight  or  quantity  of  contents  to  be 
marked  on  all  containers,  with  which  numbers  the  contents  r-ust 
comply.     Adulteration  is  seldom  found  in  the  foods  sold  in  the  State. 

19.  Inspection  of  illuminating  oils  and  gasoline,  by  which  the 
quality  and  safety  of  the  oils  have  been  improved  without  cost  to 
the  consumer. 

20.  The  length  and  strength  of  staple  is  considered  in  .forming 
standards  of  cotton  by  the  National  Department,  and  expert  graders 
are  furnished  in  counties  which  desire  them.  This  has  saved  thou- 
sands of  dollars  to  the  farmers  in  the  sale  of  their  cotton. 

21.  The  National  Department  has  been  requested  to  consider  the 
question  of  reduction  for  tare  for  bagging  and  ties  on  cotton  bales, 
which  is  acknowledged  to  be  unjust.  This  can  be  accomplished  only 
by  an  international  convention  under  the  auspices  of  a  national 
congress. 

22.  Inspection  of  flour  to  detect  that  which  is  bleached  and  pre- 
vent the  sale  of  it  as  unbleached. 

23.  In  all  cases  of  inspection  in  the  machinery  of  the  Department 
the  article  which  renders  the  inspection  necessary  is  required  to  pay 
cost  of  the  work. 

24.  More  than  one-third  of  the  State  has  been  surveyed  and  a  soil 
map  issued  of  each  county. 

25.  Farmers  of  the  State  are  not  becoming  renters.  Since  1910, 
204  farmers  have  lost  their  farms  and  about  6,000  renters  have 
bought  land. 

26.  There  is  corn  and  wheat  enough  in  the  State  for  its  consump- 
tion. There  may  be  a  little  imported,  but  enough  will  be  exported  to 
offset  this.  There  are  180  pounds  of  flour  to  every  man,  woman,  and 
child  in  the  State,  more  per  capita  than  was  ever  known  before, 
and  more  meat  has  been  cured  than  heretofore. 

27.  A  marketing  system  is  being  evolved  which  will  acquaint  the 


88 


Administrative  Departments. 


citizens  of  the  State  with   knowledge  of  where  they  can  find  the 
various  articles  for  sale  and  accomplish  cooperation. 

28.  For  six  years  North  Carolina  has  stood  first  in  the  production 
of  cotton  per  acre,  first  in  quantity  of  sweet  potatoes  and  peanuts, 
and  second  in  value  of  tobacco  crop. 

29.  Cotton-seed  Meal. — No  goods  are  permitted  to  be  branded  as 
"meal"  unless  they  contain  6i/>  per  cent  ammonia,  but  must  be 
branded  "cotton-seed  feed." 

30.  The  Bulletin  ranks  with  the  highest  of  its  class,  and  many 
letters  of  commendation  are  received  from  persons  within  and  with- 
out the  State.  Requests  are  frequently  received  for  publications  of 
these  bulletins  in  those  of  other  States  and  also  from  the  agricul- 
tural press.  It  has  a  circulation  of  more  than  35,000  each  month. 
Copies  have  been  requested  for  use  as  text-books  in  the  public  schools 
of  other  States  and  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

31.  The  Museum  continues  to  be  the  most  valuable  south  of  Phila- 
delphia, except  that  at  the  National  Capital.  It  is  the  State's  great 
object  lesson.  Additions  to  the  different  departments  are  made  each 
year.     A  representative  agricultural  exhibit  is  now  being  collected. 


statistics. 


The  following  statistics  will  show  some  of  the  results  of  the  work 
of  the  Department. 

North  Carolina  produced  in 


I860 


Corn  (bushels) 30,000,009 

Wheat  (bushels) 4,743,706 

Cotton  (bales) 145,514 


1910 


34,063,531 

7,433,000 

665,132 


1915 


1918 


64,050,000  63,000,000 

10,355,000  |         13,167,000 

732,000  732,000 


DRAINAGE. 


The  Department  has  arranged  with  the  National  Department  for 
an  expert  in  this  work,  who  will  give  information  to  the  farmers 
concerning  the  drainage  of  creeks,  cutting  ditches,  and  laying  tiles. 


VETERINARY    DIVISION. 

The  Division  of  Veterinary  Science  is  devoted  to  giving  informa- 
tion as  to  the  care  and  feeding  of  farm  animals,  improvement  of 


Agricultural  Department.  89 

live  stock,  treatment  of  diseases,  the  gradual  extermination  of  the 
tick.        • 

Serum  for  vaccination  of  hogs  to  prevent  the  spread  of  cholera  is 
manufactured  by  this  division. 

ANTI-CHOLERA    SERUM. 

Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  hogs  vaccinated  escaped  cholera.  The 
Department  is  now  prepared  to  supply  all  requests  for  serum,  and  it 
is  expected  that  the  scourge  of  cholera  will  be  much  abated. 

CATTLE   QUARANTINE  AND  ERADICATION  OF  THE  FEVER  TICK. 

The  United  States  and  State  laws  concerning  the  eradication  of 
the  cattle  tick  are  simply  improvements  on  the  act  of  the  Legislature 
of  1795  concerning  the  driving  of  cattle  from  the  oak  to  the  long- 
leaf  pine  sections  of  the  State,  which  was  continued  as  a  statute 
until  the  Revisal  of  1905.  The  disease  was  called  murrain  or  dis- 
temper, and  its  malignity  known,  but  not  for  a  century  was  the 
cause  ascertained  and  direct  effort  made  for  cure  and  eradication. 

Starting  in  1899,  with  the  crest  of  the  Blue  Ridge  as  the  location 
of  the  quarantine  line,  it  has  been  moved  east  to  the  Roanoke  River 
in  Warren  County  as  the  northern  boundary,  and  to  the  Pee  Dee  in 
Anson  as  the  southern  boundary  of  the  State.  This  quarantine  line 
is  established  by  the  United  States  Agricultural  Department.  The 
movement  of  cattle  is  restricted  to  a  few  months  each  year  and  sub- 
ject to  inspections  and  regulations,  while  exempted  territory  is  free 
from  impediments.  The  price  of  cattle  in  the  exempted  section  (that 
which  is  free  of  the  tick)  is  thought  to  be  one  cent  per  pound  live 
weight  over  that  in  the  quarantine  sections.  The  value  of  exemption 
is  apparent.  The  stock  law  tends  to  destroy  the  tick,  and  where  it 
has  prevailed  for  several  years,  few  ticks  being  found,  the  county  is 
soon  declared  free.  At  the  suggestion  of  this  Department,  infected 
counties  or  parts  of  counties  have  been  quarantined,  and  the  clear 
territory  has  been  given  the  benefit  of  exemption. 

ANIMAL    HUSBANDRY. 

This  department  does  much  valuable  work.  The  Board  has  granted 
the  use  of  the  Edgecombe  County  farm  as  far  as  needed  to  be  used 
in  its  operations. 


90  Administrative  Departments. 


FARMERS    INSTITUTES. 


Farmers'  Institutes  have  been  greatly  extended  and  are  now  held 
in  every  county  in  the  State. 

Meetings  of  farmers  to  hear  matters  pertaining  to  their  vocation 
discussed  by  scientific  men  and  also  by  practical  farmers  have  met 
with  great  encouragement  in  the  numbers  attending  and  interest 
shown  in  the  proceedings,  and  the  beneficial  results  to  farming  in 
the  communities  where  the  institutes  are  held  are  very  evident. 

Realizing  that  while  "A  good  farmer  without,  it  is  needful  there 
be,"  that  "A  good  housewife  within  is  as  needful  as  he,"  institutes 
for  the  benefit  of  the  farmers'  wives  and  daughters  were  introduced 
in  1907.  They  have  been  well  attended  and  have  been  equally  as 
beneficial  in  the  advancement  of  agricultural  conditions  as  have 
the  institutes  for  the  men;  usually  one  joint  session  is  held  at  each 
institute. 

CHEMISTRY. 

The  Division  of  Chemistry  makes  analyses  of  fertilizer,  cotton-seed 
meal,  feed  and  foodstuffs,  soils,  minerals  and  marls,  waters,  etc. 

The  law  as  to  deficient  fertilizers  may  be  found  in  the  Revisal  of 
1905,  sec.  3949. 

SOIL   SURVEY,    TEST   FARM,   AND   FARM    DEMONSTRATION    WORK. 

This  is  conducted  like  the  cattle  quarantine,  in  conjunction  with 
the  United  States  Agricultural  Department,  the  expenses  being  de- 
frayed by  each  department.  The  object  is  to  locate  the  different 
types  of  soil  in  the  State.  Upon  these  types  it  is  desired  to  locate 
test  farms  for  practical  and  scientific  purposes.  Test  farms  have 
been  established  in  Edgecombe  County,  at  Willard  Station  in  Pender 
County,  Statesville,  near  Swannanoa  in  Buncombe  County,  and  in 
the  old  tobacco  belt  at  Oxford  and  in  the  newly  drained  black  lands 
of  Eastern  North  Carolina  in  Beaufort  County.  The  effort  is  to 
conduct  these  farms  for  the  benefit  of  the  crops  grown  in  each  sec- 
tion, first  on  small  plats  and  then  on  a  large  scale,  showing  results 
of  different  kinds  and  amounts  of  home-made  and  commercial  fer- 
tilizers, preparation  of  land,  cultivation  and  rotation  of  crops  and 
demonstration  work. 

As  it  might  be  supposed  that  all  children  of  the  same  parents 
would  be  exactly  alike,  so  it  might  be  inferred  that  all  soils  com- 


Agricultural  Department.  91 

posed  from  decomposition  of  the  same  rocks  would  be  identical;  but 
this  is  known  to  be  true  in  neither  case. 

By  demonstration  work  on  different  fields  in  the  same  locality,  or 
type  of  soil,  the  variations  of  each  can  be  ascertained,  and  the 
manures  prepared  and  cultivation  suitable  learned. 

The  demonstrator  of  the  Department,  as  requested  or  as  oppor- 
tunity offers,  can  visit  localities  of  the  State,  make  suggestions  upon 
these  lines,  and  gather  statistics  for  promotion  of  the  work.  The 
National  Department  is  doing  a  large  amount  of  work  along  this 
line  and  there  is  hearty  cooperation  between  the  two  departments. 

ISOTHERMAL   BELT. 

The  investigational  work  with  Thermal  Zones  was  inaugurated  in 
a  preliminary  way  in  1909  at  the  Blantyre  Test  Farm  by  W.  N.  Hutt, 
to  ascertain  if  possible  the  conditions  underlying  the  phenomena  of 
Thermal  Belts  or  frostless  zones  in  relation  to  fruit-growing.  Two 
years  of  preliminary  investigation  furnished  such  evidence  of  the 
necessity  and  value  of  the  work  that  the  cooperation  of  the  U.  S. 
Weather  Bureau  was  secured.  Special  recording  stations  were  estab- 
lished at  the  State  Test  Farm  at  Blantyre,  in  the  orchards  of  Hon. 
Chas.  A.  Webb  of  Asheville,  Mr.  W.  T.  Lindsey  of  Tryon,  Mr.  Boiling 
Hall  of  Waynesville,  Mrs.  Moses  Cone  of  Blowing  Rock,  and  Mr. 
J.  B.  Sparger  of  Mount  Airy,  where  a  range  in  elevation  from  1,000 
to  4,200  feet  was  secured. 

In  1912  the  recording  stations  were  increased  to  15.  Mr.  L.  A. 
Denson,  Section  Director  of  the  Weather  Bureau  for  North  Carolina, 
and  Prof.  H.  J.  Cox,  Special  Expert  of  the  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau, 
were  detailed  to  assist  in  this  cooperation. 

The  field  work  and  records  were  completed  in  1916.  Since  that 
time  the  vast  amount  of  records  collected  at  the  different  stations 
are  being  worked  over  by  the  experts  of  the  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau 
under  the  direction  of  Professor  Cox  of  the  Chicago  Station.  A  topo 
graphical  map  of  Western  North  Carolina  has  been  prepared  with 
contour  lines  showing  the  locations  of  the  observation  stations  and 
the  mountainous  nature  of  the  surrounding  country.  In  order  to 
make  this  work  of  practical  as  well  as  of  scientific  value,  a  map 
showing  the  location  of  railroads  to  available  fruit  zones  of  500-feet 
contours  from  1,500  to  3.500  elevation  will  be  prepared.  This  map, 
in  addition  to  that  prepared  by  the  Weather  Bureau  experts,  will  be 


92  Administrative  Departments. 

of  value  to  people  in  securing  lands  at  suitable  altitudes  for  com- 
mercial orcharding. 

The  results  of  these  investigations  are  being  worked  into  a  publi- 
cation which  is  expected  to  be  available  within  a  year. 

PUKE   FOOD   DIVISION. 

The  Pure  Food  Law  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1899, 
amended  in  1905  and  redrafted  and  passed  as  a  new  act  in  1907, 
forbids  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  adulterated  or  misbranded  food 
or  beverages  and  charges  the  Department  of  Agriculture  with  its 
enforcement. 

Inspections  are  made  throughout  the  State  and  samples  collected 
for  analyses.  The  samples  are  examined  for  adulteration  and  the 
results  published,  showing  the  brand  name  of  the  article  and  the 
name  and  address  of  the  manufacturer.  The  first  report  was  pub- 
lished as  the  Department  Bulletin  for  December,  1909.  Since  that 
time  similar  reports  have  been  published  annually. 

There  are  two  classes  of  adulterants  found  in  food: 

1.  Substances  which  are  deleterious  to  health,  and 

2.  Substances  which  merely  render  the  food  less  valuable. 

The  use  of  the  first  is  prohibited,  the  second  can  be  used  provided 
their  presence  is  made  known  to  the  purchaser. 

Much  of  the  food  and  beverages  sold  in  the  State  is  in  the  hands 
of  unintelligent  men,  who  can  be  imposed  upon  by  shrewd  and  un- 
scrupulous manufacturers.  Owing  to  various  complications  the  en- 
forcement of  the  Food  Law  is  far  more  difficult  than  one  not  familiar 
with  the  situation  would  think. 

The  National  Government  has  enacted  a  food  law  which  requires 
weight  of  contents  to  be  stamped  on  all  packages  or  other  containers 
of  goods.     The  Legislature  has  enacted  this  for  the  State. 

FEED    INSPECTIONS. 

The  Legislature  of  1903  passed  a  law  which  requires  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Agriculture  to  employ  Feed  Inspectors,  whose  duty  it  is  to 
visit  the  different  towns  in  the  State,  see  that  the  law  is  complied 
with  as  to  the  branding  of  bags,  weight  of  bags,  and  to  take  samples 
of  all  feeds.  These  samples  are  examined  microscopically  in  the 
towns  in  which  they  are  found,  and  if  adulterated  are  immediately 
withdrawn  from  sale. 


Agricultural  Department.  93 

All  samples  collected  are  analyzed  by  the  Feed  Chemist,  and  the 
results,  along  with  such  additional  information  as  circumstances 
may  advise,  are  published  in  the  bulletins  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

In  enforcing  the  law  there  are  four  main  objects  in  view: 

1.  To  stop  the  sale  of  adulterated  feeds  in  North  Carolina. 

2.  To  educate  the  consumers  to  buy  feed  according  to  the  analyses 
on  the  bags,  just  as  he  buys  his  fertilizer  by  an  analysis. 

3.  To  teach  the  dairymen  and  farmers  the  best  way  to  combine 
their  home-grown  feeds  with  those  they  are  compelled  to  buy  to  get 
the  greatest  benefit  from  the  amount  consumed. 

4.  To  stimulate  a  desire  on  the  part  of  the  consumers  for  better 
feeds. 

ENTOMOLOGY. 

The  work  of  this  division  includes  the  inspection  of  fruit  trees, 
which  are  not  allowed  to  be  sold  in  this  State  unless  declared  free 
from  disease.  Experts  are  sent  to  examine  all  nurseries  for  insect 
pests,  and  many  commercial  orchards  are  inspected.  Directions  are 
furnished  for  preparation  of  material  for  spraying,  and  for  its  appli- 
cation. The  San  Jose  scale  is  being  controlled  in  many  places,  and 
further  damage  prevented  by  directions  sent  from  this  office.  Other 
insect  pests  and  diseases  have  been  prevented  or  cured,  and  much 
valuable  information  given  the  people  of  the  State  on  matters  per- 
taining to  insects  of  all  kinds. 

HORTICULTURE. 

This  division  is  devoted  to  promoting  the  interests  of  trucking,  the 
home  and  market  garden,  also  the  culture,  preservation  and  market- 
ing the  fruits  of  the  State. 

The  test  farm  in  Pender  County  is  used  in  connection  with  the 
trucking  interests  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  State.  On  this  farm 
$1,500  was  realized  from  the  sale  of  the  lettuce  raised  on  one  and 
one-fourth  acres  of  land. 

In  the  apple  section  a  short  series  of  institutes  is  held  annually  to 
illustrate  the  proper  packing  of  fruit  for  shipment.  Institutes  on 
pruning,  spraying,  etc.,  are  held  in  proper  season. 

For  three  successive  years  the  exhibit  of  apples  from  North  Caro- 
lina has  taken  the  sweepstakes  prize  at  the  exhibits  at  the  National 


94  Administrative  Departments. 

Horticultural  Congress,  and  the  western  part  of  the  State  is  now 
regarded  as  one  of  the  most  important  apple-growing  sections  of  the 
nation,  both  in  quantity  and  quality!  North  Carolina  in  1913  received 
the  Wilder  prize  from  the  American  Pomological  Society.  The  sec- 
tion adjacent  to  Southern  Pines  is  noted  for  its  peaches,  pears,  and 
plums. 

AGRONOMY  AND  BOTANY  DIVISION. 

Under  the  direction  of  this  division  experiments  in  plant  breeding 
and  selection  are  conducted  upon  the  test  farms  and  the  farms  of 
individuals  in  different  sections  of  the  State.  Inoculation  germs  for 
legumes  are  manufactured  and  sold  at  cost. 

The  inspection  prevents  the  introduction  of  seeds  of  noxious  weeds 
into  the  State  and  enables  the  farmer  to  ascertain,  before  purchasing, 
the  quality  of  the  seed  as  to  purity  and  germination. 

DEMONSTRATION   AND   INSPECTION   OF  POWER   AND   ILLUMINATING   OILS 

AND   GASOLINE. 

The  Pure  Food  Chemist  is  also  Oil  Chemist.  The  quality  of  the 
oil  has  been  kept  at  a  good  standard  and  the  price  has  not  been  in- 
creased. When  the  law  was  enacted  there  were  four  firms  transact- 
ing business  in  this  State;  at  the  present  time  there  are  nineteen. 

DEMONSTRATION   WORK. 

This  work  gives  practical  advice  to  and  cooperates  with  the  farm- 
ers upon  their  farms.  It  has  been  extended  to  eighty-one  counties. 
Part  of  the  expenses  is  borne  by  the  National  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. 

boys'  corn  clubs. 

In  these  clubs  more  than  4,000  boys  have  been  enrolled.  The 
Department  appropriates  $500  annually  in  premiums. 

women's  and  girls'  work. 

This  work  in  domestic  economy  has  met  with  a  ready  response 
from  the  wives  and  daughters  of  the  farmers. 


Agricultural  Department.  95 


THE    BULLETIN. 

The  Bulletin  is  issued  monthly,  each  month's  issue  being  devoted 
to  a  particular  subject.  Its  value  seems  to  be  appreciated  both 
within  and  without  the  State,  as  is  attested  by  its  continually  in- 
creasing mailing  list.  Besides  the  regular  monthly  Bulletin,  special 
papers  are  issued  when  deemed  of  enough  importance  to  justify  the 
expense. 

THE   MUSEUM. 

The  State  Geologist  has,  since  the  establishment  of  his  department 
in  1850,  collected  specimens  of  different  kinds,  principally  of  min- 
erals, representing  the  natural  resources  of  the  State.  In  1879  the 
care  of  the  Museum  and  expense  of  maintenance  were  transferred  to 
the  Department  of  Agriculture.  A  building  has  been  erected  for  its 
occupancy,  and  its  contents  greatly  increased.  It  is  now  by  far  the 
most  extensive  in  its  contents  of  anything  of  its  nature  south  of 
Philadelphia,  save  the  National  Museum  at  Washington,  D.  C.  To 
it,  more  than  any  other  source,  is  attributable  the  fine  displays  the 
State  has  made  at  international,  national,  and  State  expositions.  It 
is  the  State's  object  lesson,  representing  its  resources  in  agriculture, 
timber,  minerals,  fishes,  birds,  game  animals,  and  flora  and  fauna  in 
general. 

As  articles  affected  by  time  become  undesirable  they  are  replaced. 
The  idea  is  to  keep  the  Museum  constantly  growing,  with  no  chance 
for  stagnation. 

IMMIGRATION. 

The  Legislature  in  1909  repealed  the  act  of  1907  concerning  immi- 
gration. There  are  now  no  agents  of  the  State  employed  in  foreign 
countries;  a  few  young  men  come  from  Scotland  each  year,  and 
land  and  immigration  companies  bring  some  people  to  the  State 
each  year  but  no  report  is  made  to  the  Department;  however,  it  co- 
operates with  them  as  far  as  practicable. 

The  Department  has  no  lands  of  the  State  for  sale,  and  can  make 
no  contracts,  warrant  titles,  or  do  any  work  of  like  nature.  It  can 
only  put  parties  desiring  to  purchase  property  in  the  State  in  com- 
munication with  citizens  who  have  property  to  sell,  and  leave  them 
to  perfect  sales,  if  it  is  found  desirable. 


96  A  KM  I  MMIIATIVE    DEPARTMENTS. 

% 

Many  letters  are  received  from  persons  from  the  States  of  the 
Middle  West  requesting  information  as  to  the  resources  of  the  State, 
and  several  hundred  have  each  year  purchased  homes.  The  Depart- 
ment had  arranged  to  place  exhibits  at  the  fairs  in  these  States,  but 
this  was  abandoned  when  the  law  was  repealed. 

SALES  OF  LEAF  TOBACCO. 

Chapter  97,  Laws  1907,  requires  the  Department  to  preserve  a 
record  of  the  leaf  tobacco  sold  on  the  floors  of  the  warehouses  of  the 
State,  and  publish  it  monthly.  Each  warehouse  is  required  to 
furnish  an  account  of  its  sales,  and  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  for 
failure. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR  AM)  PRINTING. 

M.  L.  Shipmax,  Commissioner. 

The  Department  of  Labor  and  Printing  was  established  by  the 
Legislature  of  1887  as  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  Under  this 
head  its  activities  had  to  do  with  gathering  and  presenting  statistics 
of  industrial  conditions.  A  high  standard  was  set  for  this  work,  and 
it  has  ever  since  been  the  policy  of  the  office  to  improve  upon  its 
own  work  from  year  to  year.  The  annual  report  is  now  recognized 
as  one  of  the  most  succinct  examples  of  statistical  work  issued  in 
the  United  States.  The  matter  has  been  boiled  down,  so  to  speak, 
and  one  chief  aim  has  been  to  present  the  greatest  possible  informa- 
tion in  the  least  possible  space,  accomplishing  thereby  two  very  de- 
sirable ends,  i.  e.,  ease  of  reference  and  convenience,  and  a  minimum 
expense.  Its  circulation  includes  every  State  in  the  Union  and 
many  foreign  countries.  The  report  is  the  chief  medium  by  which 
the  State's  growth  and  progress  is  placed  before  the  world.  The 
number  of  requests  for  copies  attests  its  worth. 

When  the  public  printing  had  become  of  such  importance  that  the 
old  practice  of  assumption  that  it  would  take  care  of  itself  was 
proven  inadequate  and  unsatisfactory,  the  duty  of  systematizing 
and  superintending  this  work  was  added  to  the  duties  of  the  office 
(Chapter  373,  Public  Laws  of  1899).  Since  that  time  the  growth  of 
the  State  has  been  great,  its  progress  indeed  wonderful.  Keeping 
pace    with    this    progress,    the    Department    of   Labor    and    Printing 


Department  of  Insurance.  97 

shows  a  record  of  quality  and  economy  in  performance  not  touched 
by  any  other  Commonwealth,  and  approached  by  but  few. 

The  Commissioner,  Mr.  Shipman,  and  the  'assistant,  Mr.  Nichols, 
place  especial  emphasis  on  their  invitation  to  the  people  of  the  State 
to  make  use  of  the  Department.  Any  questions  bearing  on  subjects 
touched  by  the  report  'will  be  gladly  answered,  wherever  possible. 

The  handling  of  the  public  printing  has  been  brought  down  to  the 
point  where  figures  as  to  specifications  and  cost  may  be  given  before 
or  after  performance,  which  information  serves  well  where  economy 
enters  as  largely  into  any  proposition  as  it  does  into  the  public 
printing.  Changes  in  practice  are  made  as  often  as  it  is  found  that 
improvement  can  be  made,  and  the  policy  of  the  office  at  the  present 
time  makes  impossible  any  of  the  abuses  obtaining  under  the  arrange- 
ment in  force  prior  to  the  placing  of  the  public  printing  under  the 
Department's  charge. 

Before  a  single  item  of  printing  expense  is  paid  for  by  the  State 
the  account  of  the  printer  is  examined,  accompanied  by  an  inspection 
of  the  work  itself,  by  a  man  who  knows  the  printing  business. 
Every  pound  of  paper  purchased  is  bought  by  the  State  to  fit  the 
particular  need,  and  is  subject  to  the  decision  of  the  expert  of  the 
Department — himself,  according  to  the  provisions  of  the  act,  a  "prac- 
tical printer."  The  records  of  purchases  of  paper  show  a  great 
saving  along  this  line  also. 

The  work  of  the  Department  of  Labor  and  Printing  is  necessarily 
done  away  from  the  public  eye.  The  watchful  auditing  of  thousands 
of  dollars  of  accounts,  the  economical  purchase  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars of  supplies,  the  skillful  exposition  and  appraisement  of  indus- 
trial facts  is  not  spectacular  labor,  but  a  work  of  the  highest  value 
and  largest  returns. 


THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  INSIRAM  E. 

James  R.  Young,  Commissioner. 

Prior  to  1899  the  supervision  of  insurance  companies  of  North 
Carolina  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  who  received 
certain  fees  and  was  allowed  $1,000  for  clerical  help.  The  Legisla- 
ture of  1899  created  the  Insurance  Department  and  "placed  the  pres- 
ent Commissioner  in  charge  of  it.  The  insurance  laws  as  set  forth 
7 


98  Administrative  Departments. 

in  the  Revisal  of  1905,  with  amendments  thereto,  are  looked  upon 
as  the  best  code  of  insurance  laws  of  any  Southern  State,  and  are 
certainly  admirably  adapted  to  the  conditions  prevailing  in  this  sec- 
tion. As  revenue  producers  the  law  and  Department  are  a  success, 
and  while  the  benefits  accruing  from  a  proper  supervision  of  insur- 
ance companies  in  the  State  cannot  be  measured  in  dollars  and 
cents,  they  are,  in  the  opinion  of  those  in  a  position  to  know,  of 
much  more  value  to  the  State  and  her  citizens  than  the  revenue 
collected. 

The  duties  required  of  the  Insurance  Commissioner  are  as  impor- 
tant and  involve  as  much  work  and  responsibility  as  those  of  any 
other  department  in  the  State  Government.  In  addition  to  this,  the 
Insurance  Commissioner  is  taken  from  his  office  about  one-third  of 
the  time  by  official  duties.  The  work  of  the  Department  calls  for  as 
much  clerical  ability  and  labor  as  the  work  of  any  other  department. 
No  part  of  the  work  should  be  neglected,  and  it  is  increasing  every 
year,  and  becomes  of  more  and  more  value  to  the  State  and  her  citi- 
zens. The  efficiency  of  the  Department  can  only  be  kept  up  by  allow- 
ing sufficient  clerical  force,  and  this  will  call  for  such  help  as  is 
commensurate  with,  and  demanded  by,  the  development  and  rapid 
increase  of  the  work  of  the  Department.  The  Commissioner  should 
be  relieved,  as  far  as  possible,  of  clerical  work.  He  is  worth  more 
to  the  State  in  discharging  the  other  duties  of  his  office. 

Under  the  law  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  to  collect 
all  licenses,  taxes  and  fees  due  the  State  by  any  company  or  associa- 
tion under  the  supervision  of  his  Department. 

The  Secretary  of  State  paid  into  the  State  Treasury  in  1898 
184,879.28,  and  this  was  the  largest  amount  ever  reported  for  any 
one  year  prior  to  the  creation  of  the  Department. 

department. 

The  Department  has  increased  in  size,  importance,  and  value  be- 
yond the  expectation  of  its  most  ardent  friends.  The  supervision 
required  to  be  exercised  over  all  companies,  associations,  and  socie- 
ties doing  or  attempting  to  do  an  insurance  business  in  the  State 
is  the  most  important  work  of  the  Department  The  value  of  this 
supervision  to  the  State  and  her  citizens  since  the  organization  of 
the  Department"can  hardly  be  estimated.  As  the  insurance  business 
in  the  State  has  increased,  this  supervision  has  become  the  more 
necessary  and  important  for  the  citizens  of  the  State,  and  the  good 


Department  of  Insurance.  99 

results  accomplished   have  far  exceeded   the   value   of  the   revenue 
collected  by  the  Department  during  that  time. 

REVENUE. 

The  revenue  collected  and  paid  into  the  State  Treasury  by  this 
Department  has  increased  each  year,  until  there  was  collected  and 
paid  in  for  the  past  fiscal  year,  $415,468.16. 

The  gradual  increase  of  the  revenues  collected  from  insurance 
companies  through  this  Department  and  paid  into  the  State  Treas- 
ury is  more  clearly  shown  by  a  comparison  with  the  amount 
($84,879.28)  collected  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  April  1,  1899,  the 
year  prior  to  the  formation  of  the  Department. 

The  Department  is  not  run  for  revenue.  Its  main  work  is  the 
supervision  of  the  business,  but  those  who  have  had  occasion  to 
look  into  the  matter  are  satisfied  more  good  is  being  accomplished 
for  the  State  and  her  citizens  by  the  supervision  of  the  business 
than  by  the  collection  of  taxes.  It  is  of  interest  to  know  the  amount 
collected  by  the  Department  and  paid  into  the  State  Treasury  each 
year  since  its  formation,  as  follows: 

For  the  fiscal  year  1899-1900 $  91,973.49 

For  the  fiscal  year  1900-01 91,072.92 

For  the  fiscal  year  1901-02 132,034.03 

For  the  fiscal  year  1902-03 153,667.12 

For  the  fiscal  year  1903-04 174,633.60 

For  the  fiscal  year  1904-05 197,402.23 

For  the  fiscal  year  1905-06 205,124.07 

For  the  fiscal  year  1906-07 215,331.56 

For  the  fiscal  year  1907-08 224,680.58 

For  the  fiscal  year  190S-09 234,469.63 

For  the  fiscal  year  1910-11 270.300.08 

For  the  fiscal  year  1911-12 285,040.50 

For  the  fiscal  year  1912-13 319,389.67 

For  the  fiscal  year  1913-14 344.546. 2S 

For  the  fiscal  year  1914-15 352,047.20 

For  the  fiscal  year  1915-16 348,780.90 

For  the  fiscal  year  1916-17 372,044.12 

For  the  fiscal  year  1917-18 415,468.16 

Total    $  4.674,573.08 


100  Administrative  Departments. 

Under  the  old  law,  prior  to  the  organization  of  this  Department, 
certain  fees  were  allowed  to  the  Secretary  of  State  as  compensation 
for  the  supervision  of  insurance  companies.  These  fees  are  now 
paid  into  the  State  Treasury,  and  amount  to  more  than  double  the 
whole  cost  of  the  Department,  including  salaries  and  every  other 
expense.  But  there  is  no  question  but  that  the  State  should,  with  a 
collection  of  over  $415,000  annually  from  insurance  companies,  spend 
more  money  for  the  enlargement  and  efficiency  of  the  Insurance 
Department.     This  certainly  can  be  done  to  advantage. 

One  great  benefit  that  has  accrued  from  the  North  Carolina  insur- 
ance laws  and  the  work  of  the  Department  has  been  the  organiza- 
tion of  home  insurance  companies  and  the  placing  of  considerable 
insurance  in  them,  thus  keeping  at  home  much  of  home  money 
spent  for  insurance. 

The  North  Carolina  or  home  companies  continue  to  show  marked 
improvement  each  year,  not  only  in  the  amount  of  business  trans- 
acted, but  in  a  steady  and  solid  growth  in  financial  ability  and 
safety.  It  is  gratifying,  or  should  be,  to  every  citizen  of  the  State 
to  know  that  he  cannot  only  keep  his  money  in  the  State  for  invest- 
ment by  patronizing  home  companies,  but  that  he  is  fully  protected 
by  the  financial  standing  of  the  companies  in  so  doing. 

BUILDING   AND  LOAN  ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  Legislature  of  1905  placed  all  building  and  loan  associations 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Insurance  Commissioner.  There  were 
then  forty-three  associations  doing  business  in  the  State.  There  are 
now  over  150  associations  working  in  the  State  and  no  class  of  cor- 
porations is  doing  more  in  building  up  our  cities  and  towns  and  pro- 
viding homes  for  our  citizens,  especially  the  working  classes.  Asso- 
ciations are  being  organized  rapidly  throughout  the  State.  The 
ownership  of  homes  is  very  conducive  to  good  citizenship  and  prog- 
ress. At  the  close  of  business  in  1917,  146  associations  reported  in 
assets  $17,774,915.62  and  loaned  out  to  build  or  pay  for  homes. 
$16,845,109.53,  and  with  receipts  during  the  year  of  $11,970,833.38. 
This  is  a  remarkable  showing,  and  speaks  well  for  our  State  and  her 
people. 

The  Insurance  Commissioner  represents  the  State  in  all  its  deal- 
ings with  the  insurance  companies,  associations,  and  orders.  He 
must  pass  upon  applications  of  companies  under  his  Department  and 
decide  whether  to  license  them,  and  then  supervise  them  and  see  that 


Department  op  Insurance.  101 

they  comply  with  the  law  and  treat  the  citizens  of  the  State  right 
or  revoke  their  license  to  do  business  in  the  State. 

He  must  collect  all  licenses  and  taxes  due  the  State  by  companies 
and  associations  under  his  Department. 

He  must  collect  reports  of  all  fires  in  the  State  and  investigate  all 
suspicious  ones  and  have  all  persons  suspected,  of  incendiarism  prose- 
cuted where  the  evidence  justifies  it.  An  average  of  fifteen  persons 
a  year  have  been  convicted  under  this  law  since  it  was  passed,  and 
served  their  sentences  in  prisons. 

He  must  see  that  the  laws  regulating  the  erection  and  inspection 
of  buildings  are  observed.  Better  buildings  mean  fewer  fires  and 
lower  fire  insurance  rates.  Seventy-five  thousand  dollars  annually 
is  now  saved  in  fire  premiums  by  this  law.  He  must  look  into  all 
violations  of  the  insurance  law  and  hear  all  complaints  made  by  the 
citizens  of  the  State  against  companies  under  his  supervision  and 
see  that  the  citizen  is  protected  in  his  rights. 

He  must  keep  all  State  property  insured  as  provided  by  law,  and 
annually  inspect  all  State  institutions  and  buildings,  with  a  view  to 
the  protection  from  fire  of  them  and  their  inmates.  He  is  also 
charged  with  the  execution  of  the  "Blue  Sky"  law  governing  sale 
of  stock.  This  is  most  important  and  valuable  to  our  people,  having 
saved  them  millions  of  dollars. 

supervision. 

It  is  very  important  and  valuable  to  the  State  to  have  the  collec- 
tion of  the  licenses  and  taxes  from  insurance  companies  above  re- 
ferred to,  but  by  far  the  most  important  work  of  the  Department, 
and  that  of  greatest  benefit  to  the  citizens  of  the  State,  is  the  proper 
supervision  of  insurance  companies,  societies,  and  orders,  as  well  as 
their  representatives  operating  in  the  State.  The  gradual  improve- 
ment in  the  practices  of  the  companies  and  their  agents  shows  the 
work  accomplished  in  this  respect.     This  supervision  takes  in: 

1.  The  admission  and  regulation  of  all  companies  doing  or  pro- 
posing to  do  any  kind  of  insurance  in  the  State.  There  are  about 
four  hundred  companies,  associations,  and  societies  doing  the  fol- 
lowing classes  of  insurance:  Life,  health,  accident,  casualty,  fire, 
marine,  credit,  burglary,  plate-glass,  liability,  steam  boiler,  automo- 
bile, etc. 

2.  Fire  Marshal. — The  Commissioner  is  also  ex  officio  Fire  Mar- 
shal, and  has  charge  of  the  investigation  of  all  suspicious  fires,  and 


102  Administrative  Departments. 

the  prosecution  of  those  thought  to  be  responsible  for  the  same. 
There  have  been  many  of  these  prosecutions,  which  have  been  very 
valuable  in  their  results. 

3.  Building  and  Inspection  Laws. — The  Commissioner  is  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  the  building  and  inspection  laws,  also  the 
law  in  regard  to  the  erection  of  fire-escapes  and  proper  exits  from 
buildings.  This  involves  not  only  having  inspections  made  through- 
out the  State  by  men  sent  from  the  Department,  but  also  in  seeing 
that  the  work  is  kept  up  and  the  laws  enforced  by  the  officers  of 
the  different  cities  and  towns. 

4.  Publication  of  Statements. — The  Commissioner  is  required  to 
make  an  abstract  of  the  financial  statements  filed  with  him  by  the 
different  companies  operating  in  the  State;  to  collect  the  fees  for 
the  publication  of  same  and  have  them  published  in  the  newspapers 
of  the  State. 

5.  Firemen's  Relief  Fund. — The  Commissioner  is  also  required  to 
collect  from  insurance  companies  operating  in  the  State  the  taxes 
for  the  benefit  of  our  firemen  and  to  distribute  these  taxes  among 
the  firemen  of  seventy-odd  towns  of  the  State. 

6.  Complaints  and  Violations. — It  is  also  the  duty  of  the  Insur- 
ance Commissioner  to  seek  out  and  prosecute  all  violations  of  the 
insurance  law,  and  to  look  into  all  complaints  made  to  him  by  the 
citizens  of  the  State,  and  to  give  them  such  information  as  they 
may  desire  at  his  hands  in  regard  to  companies  and  associations 
under  his   supervision. 

7.  Give,  Rates. — It  is  also  the  duty  of  the  Insurance  Commissioner 
to  receive  and  file  all  fire  insurance  rates  promulgated  on  property 
situate  in  this  State  and  to  pass  upon  all  complaints  as  to  discrim- 
ination in  or  unfairness  of  rates. 

8.  A  great  educational  work  is  being  done  by  the  Commissioner 
under  the  slogan  "Make  North  Carolina  Safe  for  Life  and  Property." 
The  annual  fire  waste  with  the  loss  of  over  $4,000,000  in  property 
and  over  325  lives  each  year  certainly  calls  for  a  most  active  and 
determined  effort.  The  present  conditions  are  a  menace  and  little 
less  than  criminal. 

9.  Bxiilding  and  Loan  Associations. — The  Commissioner  is  now 
charged  with  the  supervision  of  building  and  loan  associations,  and 
the  great  work  being  done  by  these  associations,  the  organization 
of  new  associations  almost  continually,  as  well  as  the  suggestion  that 
these  associations  can  be  adapted  to  and  made  of  great  benefit  to 


Historical  Commission.  103 

the  farmers  of  the  State,  as  well  as  to  those  living  in  cities  and 
towns  who  have  received  their  benefits,  makes  this  a  most  im- 
portant part  of  the  work  of  the  Department. 

Since  the  formation  of  this  Department  in  1899  and  the  adoption 
of  the  present  insurance  laws  there  has  been  a  gradual  but  decided 
improvement  in  the  insurance  conditions  of  the  State.  Better  prac- 
tices prevail  and  there  is  less  friction  between  the  people  and  this 
class  of  corporations.  Contracts  have  been  improved  and  rates  re- 
duced, and  will,  no  doubt,  be  still  further  reduced  under  the  present 
insurance  laws  and  their  strict  enforcement,  although  the  citizens 
of  the  State  are  now  paying  over  $225,000  annually  for  their  fire 
insurance  less  than  they  would  pay  at  the  rates  prevailing  in  any 
other  Southern  State. 

The  Insurance  Department  has  now  for  the  first  time  since  its 
formation  permanent  and  adequate  quarters  in  which  to  transact  its 
rapidly  increasing  business.  This  has  always  hampered  the  Com- 
missioner and  his  force  in  carrying  on  the  work,  and  should  have 
been  remedied  before.  The  large  business  being  yearly  transacted 
demands  proper  and  adequate  files,  that  the  business  may  be  effi- 
ciently done,  while  the  value  and  importance  of  the  Department 
records  and  statistics  are  such  as  to  demand  their  safe-keeping  and 
filing  for  ready  reference  by  the  Department  and  citizens  of  the 
State. 

Any  further  information  about  the  Department  or  its  work  will 
be  furnished  upon  application  to  the  Commissioner. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  HISTORICAL  COMMISSION. 

R.  D.  W.  Connor,  Secretary,  Raleigh. 

The  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission  was  created  by  an 
act  of  the  Legislature  of  1903.  It  consists  of  five  members  appointed 
by  the  Governor  for  terms  of  six  years.  They  receive  no  salary  or 
per  diem,  but  are  allowed  their  actual  expenses  when  attending  to 
their  official  duties. 

The  offices  of  the  Commission  are  in  the  State  Administration 
Building,  a  new  fireproof  structure  erected  under  an  act  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  1911. 

The  duties  of  the  Commission  are  as  follows: 


104  Administk  \tivi;  Departments. 

1.  To  have  collected  historical  data  pertaining  to  the  history  of 
North  Carolina  and  the  territory  included  therein  from  the  earliest 
times. 

2.  To  have  such  material  properly  edited,  published  by  the  State 
Printer  as  other  State  printing,  and  distributed  under  the  direction 
of  the  Commission. 

3.  To  care  for  the  proper  marking  and  preservation  of  battle-fields, 
houses,  and  other  places  celebrated  in  the  history  of  the  State. 

4.  To  diffuse  knowledge  in  reference  to  the  history  and  resources 
of  North  Carolina. 

5.  To  encourage  the  study  of  the  history  of  North  Carolina  in 
the  schools  of  the  State,  and  to  stimulate  and  encourage  historical 
investigation  and  research  among  the  people  of  the  State. 

6.  To  make  a  biennial  report  of  its  receipts  and  disbursements,  its 
work  and  needs,  to  the  Governor,  to  be  by  him  transmitted  to  the 
General  Assembly. 

The  powers  of  the  Commission  are  as  follows: 

1.  To  adopt  a  seal  for  use  in  official  business. 

2.  To  adopt  rules  for  its  own  government  not  inconsistent  with 
the  provisions  of  the  law. 

3.  To  fix  a  reasonable  price  for  its  publications  and  to  devote  the 
revenue  arising  from  such  sales  to  extending  the  work  of  the  Com- 
mission. 

4.  To  employ  a  secretary. 

5.  To  control  the  expenditure  of  such  funds  as  may  be  appropriate 
for  its  maintenance. 

GEXEIi  A  I.    SUM  MARY. 

Following  is  a  general  summary  of  the  work  of  the  Historical 
Commission : 

1.  The  Commission  has  saved  from  destruction,  classified  and  filed 
many  thousands  of  letters  and  other  documents  of  the  Executive 
and  Legislative  Departments  from  colonial  times  to  the  present. 

2.  It  has  secured  for  the  State  the  following  private  collections, 
numbering  many  thousands  of  valuable  manuscripts:  Letters  and 
papers  of  Zebulon  B.  Vance,  James  Iredell,  Bryan  Grimes,  Mrs. 
Cornelia  P.  Spencer,  David  L.  Swain,  E.  J.  Hale,  Calvin  H.  Wiley, 
John  H.  Bryan,  Jonathan  Worth,  William  L.  Saunders,  William  A. 
Graham,  William  R.  Davie,  the  Pettigrew  Family,  Charles  B.  Aycock, 
Archibald  D.  Murphey,  John  Steele,  W.  H.   S.    Burgwyn,  Nathaniel 


Historical  Commission.  105 

Macon,  Thomas  Ruffin,  David  S.  Reid,  Willie  P.  Mangum,  and  several 
small  collections. 

3.  It  has  issued  the  following  publications:  "Public  Education 
in  North  Carolina,  1790-1S40:  A  Documentary  History,"  2  vols.; 
"Schools  and  Academies  in  North  Carolina,  1790-1840:  A  Docu- 
mentary History";  "The  Correspondence  of  Jonathan  Worth,"  2 
vols.;  Papers  of  Archibald  D.  Murphey,  2  vols.;  Papers  of  Thomas 
Ruffin,  1  vol.;  "Literary  and  Historical  Activities  in  North  Carolina, 
1900-1905";  "A  Legislative  Manual  of  North  Carolina"  for  1909,  1911, 
1913,  1915,  1917,  1919,  and  twenty-three  bulletins. 

4.  It  recovered  for  the  State,  through  the  gift  of  the  Italian  Gov- 
ernment, Canova's  famous  statue  of  Washington. 

5.  It  has  erected  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol  a  marble  bust  of 
William  A.  Graham;  and  obtained,  without  cost  to  the  State,  simi- 
lar busts  of  Matt.  W.  Ransom,  Samuel  Johnston,  John  M.  Morehead, 
Calvin  H.  Wiley,  and  W.  S.  Ashe. 

6.  The  Commission  maintains  in  its  Hall  of  History  one  of  the 
most  extensive  historical  museums  in  America.  It  contains  about 
12,000  objects,  illustrative  of  every  period  of  the  history  of  North 
Carolina  from  the  earliest  colonial  times  to  the  present. 

7.  It  has  assisted  a  large  number  of  students  in  their  investiga- 
tions into  North  Carolina  history,  and  gave  information  about  the 
history  of  the  State  wherever  it  was  possible,  and  has  encouraged  in 
many  ways  the  study  of  our  history  in  the  schools  of  the  State. 

8.  It  maintains  a  Legislative  Reference  Library  for  supplying  in- 
formation to  members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  others  interested 
in  the  affairs  of  the  State. 

THE   LEGISLATIVE   REFERENCE  LIBRARY. 

The  Legislative  Reference  Library  idea  is  not  a  new  one.  For 
twenty-five  years  such  departments  in  other  States  have  been  render- 
ing valuable  service.  They  have  been  provided  for  in  thirty  States, 
and  in  more  than  fifty  cities  of  the  United  States.  Recently  there  has 
been  established  a  Legislative  Reference  Bureau  in  the  Congressional 
Library  which  is  rendering  similar  aid  to  the  National  Government. 

For  ten  years  progressive  citizens  have  urged  the  establishment 
of  such  a  department  in  North  Carolina.  In  response  to  that  de- 
mand the  Legislature  of  1915,  by  a  unanimous  vote  in  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives,  passed  a  bill  entitled  "An  act  to  estab- 


106  Administrative  Departments. 

lish  a  Legislative  Reference  Library,"  under  the  supervision  of  the 
North  Carolina  Historical  Commission. 

Among  the  duties  of  the  Librarian  set  forth  in  this  act  are  the 
following:  "To  collect,  tabulate,  annotate  and  digest  information 
for  the  use  of  the  members  and  committees  of  the  General  Assembly, 
and  the  officials  of  the  State,"  and  of  the  various  counties  and  cities 
included  therein,  upon  all  questions  of  State,  county,  and  municipal 
legislation." 

As  indicated  by  the  caption  as  well  as  the  subject-matter  of  the 
act,  this  Department  is  created  primarily  for  the  benefit  of  the  mem- 
bers and  committees  of  the  General  Assembly. 

These  representatives  of  the  people  serve  practically  without  com- 
pensation and  in  most  cases  make  considerable  personal  sacrifice 
in  order  to  be  of  service  to  the  State.  During  the  short  sessions 
of  the  General  Assembly  they  do  not  have  time  to  study  and  thus 
secure  for  themselves  information  about  the  hundreds  of  measures 
they  are  called  upon  to  consider.  Heretofore  there  has  been  no 
agency  to  collect  and  classify  the  sort  of  information  needed  by  the 
busy  legislator. 

To  fill  this  want  is  the  particular  field  of  service  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Reference  Library.  For  that  purpose  more  than  ten  thousand 
books,  laws,  pamphlets,  and  clippings  have  been  gathered  and  classi- 
fied so  that  they  are  instantly  available  for  use  by  interested  persons. 
Additional  material  is  received  daily,  and  an  attempt  is  made  to 
procure  as  full  information  as  is  obtainable  about  all  legislation 
in  other  States  and  countries. 

Information  relating  to  the  following  subjects,  which  are  taken 
from  a  list  of  more  than  fifteen  hundred  headings,  will  serve  to 
illustrate  the  scope  of  service  which  is  rendered:  Agriculture,  Appro- 
priations, Automobiles,  Banks,  Bill  Drafting,  Budgets,  Campaign 
Expenses,  Capital  Punishment,  Charities,  Child  Labor,  Civil  Serv- 
ice, Constitutions,  Contracts,  Convicts,  Cooperative  Buying  and 
Marketing,  Corporations,  Courts,  Credit.  Crime  and  Criminals.  Demo- 
cratic Party,  Drainage,  Education,  Elections,  Employment,  Factories. 
Farm  Problems,  Finance,  Fires,  Fish  and  Game,  Food,  Forests, 
Freight  Rates,  Health,  Immigration,  Initiative  and  Referendum, 
Insane,  Insurance,  Judges.  Juries,  Labor,  Lawyers,  Liens,  Legisla- 
tion, Loans,  Manufactures,  Marriage  and  Divorce,  Medicine,  Militia. 
Municipalities,  Negroes,  Newspapers,  Pardons,  Parole,  Passenger 
Rates,    Pensions,   Pharmacy,    Platforms,    Primaries,    Prisons,    Proce- 


State  Library.  107 

dure,  Prohibition,  Public-Service  Corporations,  Railroads,  Republican 
Party,  Roads,  Rural  Credits,  Schools,  State  Government,  Statutes, 
Strikes,  Taxation,  Trusts,  Universities  and  Colleges,  Vital  Statistics, 
Vocational  Education,  Wages,  Woman  Suffrage,  Women,  Workmen's 
Compensation. 

The  province  of  the  Legislative  Reference  Library  is  not  to  pro- 
mote legislation,  but  to  furnish  data  and  information  so  that  the 
best  and  most  widely  approved  laws  may  be  enacted. 

With  the  cooperation  and  assistance  of  the  persons  for  whose 
benefit  the  Legislative  Reference  Library  was  created,  it  hopes  to 
achieve  the  same  measure  of  success  that  similar  agencies  have  had 
in  other  States. 

MEMBERS    OF  THE  HISTORICAL  COMMISSION. 

W.  J.  Peele 1903- 

J.  D.  Hufham 1903-1905 

P.  A.   Soxdley 1903-1905 

Richard   Dillard    1903-1905 

R.  D.  W.  Connor 1903-1907 

Charles   L.   Raper 1905-1907 

Thomas  W.  Blount 1905-1911 

J.   Bryan  Grimes 1905- 

M.  C.  S.  Noble 1907- 

D.  H.  Hill 1907- 

Thomas  M.  Pittman 1911- 

SECRETARY. 

R.  D.  W.  Connor 1903- 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Miss  Carrie  L.  Broughton,  Librarian. 

During  the  last  two  years  the  library  has  made  substantial  prog- 
ress. The  patronage  has  grown  considerably  and  each  day  during 
the  winter  months  finds  almost  every  chair  occupied  by  school  girls 
and  boys,  members  of  the  women's  clubs,  professional  men,  etc. 

The  greater  liberty  given  the  visitors  and  pupils  in  the  use  of  the 
reference  room  and  stack  room  by  keeping  all  cases  unlocked  has 
largely  increased  the  popularity  of  the  library.     Pupils  debating  in 


108  Administrative  Departments. 

the  various  high  schools  draw  largely  upon  the  library  for  their 
material.  The  library  tries  each  year  to  collect  all  useful  material 
on  debatable  subjects  from  magazines,  newspapers,  pamphlets  and 
Congressional  records,  and  arrange  it  in  such  a  manner  that  it  will 
be  readily  accessible  to  the  student.  This  patronage  is  not  confined 
to  any  particular  school  or  race.  It  comes  from  the  schools  and  col- 
leges of  Raleigh,  of  the  State  at  large,  from  universities  such  as 
Johns  Hopkins,  Columbia,  Harvard,  and  from  students  who  are  not 
connected  with  educational  institutions  at  all.  The  practical  poli- 
tician studying  modern  problems  comes  along  with  the  historian 
whose  researches  are  among  records  centuries  old. 

To  meet  all  these  various  needs,  the  Trustees  are  directing  their 
efforts  to  the  building  up  of  a  great  reference  library.  No  works 
of  fiction,  unless  they  be  by  North  Carolina  authors,  or  portray 
North  Carolina  life,  are  purchased.  The  meager  appropriation  is 
better  expended,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Trustees,  in  the  purchase  of 
works  of  reference,  history,  biographies,  treatises  on  problems  of 
modern  life,  etc.,  etc. 

All  works  written  by  or  about  North  Carolinians,  or  about  North 
Carolina,  are  purchased.  The  North  Carolina  collection  now  forms 
one  of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  features  of  the  library. 

Another  peculiarly  valuable  feature  of  the  Library  is  the  collec- 
tion of  bound  newspapers.  This  now  contains  3,845  volumes.  There 
is  no  other  such  collection  of  North  Carolina  newspapers  in  exist- 
ence. Ranging  from  1791  to  date,  they  contain  history  of  the  State 
during  the  most  important  periods  of  her  existence. 

SUMMARY. 

Total  number  of  volumes  in  Library 34.972 

Total  number  of  Government  books 6,348 

Total  number  of  bound  newspapers 3.845 

Total  number  of  bound  magazines 2,102 


LIBRARY  COMMISSION  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Mrs.  Minnie  L.  Blanton,  Secretary. 

The  Library  Commission  of  North  Carolina  was  created  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  1909,  and  active  work  was  begun  September  15th 
of  the  same  year.     The  Commission  consists  of  five  members,  two  of 


Library  Commission.  109 

whom  are  appointed  by  the  North  Carolina  Library  Association  and 
one  by  the  Governor;  the  State  Librarian  and  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  complete  the  membership. 

The  purpose  of  the  Commission,  as  expressed  in  the  law,  is  to 
"give  assistance,  advice,  and  counsel  to  all  libraries  in  the  State,  to 
all  communities  which  may  propose  to  establish  libraries,  and  to  all 
persons  interested,  as  to  the  best  means  of  establishing  and  admin- 
istering such  libraries,  as  to  the  selection  of  books,  cataloging,  main- 
tenance and  other  details  of  library  management  as  may  be  prac- 
ticable." 

The  following  are  the  important  lines  of  activity: 

1.  Establishment  of  Public  Libraries. — The  Commission  endeavors 
to  secure  the  establishment  of  public  libraries  in  localities  able  to 
support  them,  and  gives  advice  and  assistance  in  arousing  public 
interest.  After  preliminary  correspondence,  communities  proposing 
to  establish  libraries  are  visited  by  the  Secretary,  and  the  practical 
details  of  organization  explained.  In  many  instances  she  classifies 
the  books,  starts  the  accession  record  and  shelf-list,  installs  a  proper 
charging  system,  and  teaches  the  librarian  how  to  keep  the  neces- 
sary records.  The  service  is  rendered  without  cost  to  the  Library, 
except  that,  when  the  Secretary  remains  more  than  one  day  in  a  place 
the  local  expense  is  borne  by  the  library  aided. 

2.  Reorganization  of  Old  Libraries. — The  Secretary  visits  libraries 
already  established  to  confer  with  the  Librarian  and  Library  Board 
regarding  methods  of  work  and  plans  for  further  development.  While 
much  information  and  advice  may  be  given  by  letters  and  circulars, 
personal  visits  are  much  more  effective,  as  they  invariably  give  new 
impulse  to  the  local  work  and  enable  the  Secretary  to  become  familiar 
with  library  conditions  in  all  parts  of  the  State. 

3.  Library  Statistics. — Every  public  library  in  the  State,  including 
free  public  libraries,  subscription  libraries,  school,  college  and  uni- 
versity libraries,  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  legal  associa- 
tion, medical  association,  Supreme  Court  and  State  libraries,  is 
required  by  law  to  make  an  annual  report  to  the  Commission.  From 
the  data  thus  secured  the  Commission  compiles  an  annual  report  of 
library  conditions  in  North  Carolina. 

4.  The  North  Carolina  Library  Bulletin. — This  is  a  magazine  of  12 
pages,  published  quarterly.  It  is  sent  free  to  every  library  in  the 
State,  and  upon  application,  to  library  trustees  and  to  others  inter- 
ested in  library  extension.     The  first  issue  appeared    in   December, 


110  Administrative  Departments. 

1909.  Each  number  contains  important  library  articles,  book  lists, 
editorial  notes,  and  general  library  news.  It  is  intended  to  serve  as  a 
means  of  communication  with  each  and  every  library,  to  bring  the 
libraries  into  closer  relation  with  one  another,  and,  in  general,  to 
increase  the  interest  in  libraries  throughout  the  State,  and  to  improve 
the  quality  of  their  service  to  the  public. 

5.  Traveling  Libraries. — For  the  benefit  of  communities  without 
library  facilities  the  Library  Commission  maintains  a  system  of  free 
traveling  libraries.  A  library  contains  from  thirty-five  to  forty  vol- 
umes, about  fifteen  being  fiction,  fifteen  children's  books,  and  the 
remaining  volumes  popular  and  attractive  books  of  biography,  travel, 
science,  etc.  The  books  are  shipped  in  a  stout  case  equipped  with 
shelves  so  that  it  may  be  used  as  a  bookcase  when  it  reaches  its 
destination.  The  rules  governing  the  loan  of  libraries  are  as  few 
and  simple  as  possible.  The  application  may  be  signed  by  the  presi- 
dent and  secretary  of  a  local  library  association,  by  five  taxpayers, 
or  by  the  officers  of  a  Farmer's  Union  Local,  a  Woman's  Betterment 
Association,  or  a  Community  Service  League.  Borrowers  agree  to 
pay  the  freight  both  from  and  to  Raleigh,  to  take  good  care  of  the 
books  and"  to  return  them  promptly,  to  make  good  any  loss  or  dam- 
age beyond  reasonable  wear  and  tear,  and  to  lend  the  books  without 
charge  to  all  responsible  persons  in  the  community. 

Traveling  libraries  containing  only  children's  books  have  been 
prepared  especially  for  the  use  of  schools.  They  contain  books  for 
youngest  readers,  books  for  intermediate  grades,  and  books  for  more 
advanced  students. 

6.  Package  Libraries. — Package  libraries  are  of  three  kinds:  The 
Debate  libraries,  the  Farmers'  library,  and  the  Study  Club  libraries. 
The  Debate  libraries  are  carefully  prepared  collections  on  the  polit- 
ical, social,  and  economic  questions  which  are  being  debated  by 
schools  and  societies  throughout  the  State.  They  consist  of  books, 
pamphlets,  and  magazine  and  newspaper  articles.  These  little 
libraries  contain  the  best  material  available  on  a  subject  and  as 
much  as  the  ordinary  library  would  be  able  to  furnish.  Hence  they 
are  not  lent  to  individuals,  but  to  schools  and  debating  societies,  and 
on  condition  that  all  taking  part  in  the  debate  have  the  use  of  the 
material.  Libraries  are  now  available  on  ninety-six  different  sub- 
jects. These  Debate  libraries  not  only  furnish  the  best  material 
available  to  schools  and  societies  which  otherwise  would  have  little 
or  no  material  of  any  kind,  but  they  are  also  a  very  effective  means 


Library  Commission.  Ill 

of  bringing  the  Commission  into  close  touch  with  the  schools,  and  in 
many  cases  the  Commission  is  able  to  awaken  interest  in  the  improve- 
ment .,r  the  school  library  or  in  the  establishment  of  a  traveling 
library  station  in  the  community. 

The  Farmers'  Library  is  a  collection  of  12  books  on  Agriculture 
and  Country  Life.  The  collections  were  purchased  with  an  appro- 
priation made  for  the  purpose  by  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and 
are  lent  for  a  period  of  two  months  to  Farmers'  Union  Locals  or 
other  groups  of  farmers.  The  Commission  also  maintains  a  special 
collection  of  books  on  Agriculture  and  Country  Life  from  which  small 
collections  of  six  to  ten  volumes  are  made  up  and  lent  in  the  same 
way  as  the  Farmers'  Library. 

7.  The  General  Loan  Collection.  This  is  a  miscellaneous  collec- 
tion of  books  on  all  subjects  and  it  enables  the  Commission  to  send 
books  to  individuals  and  to  supplement  the  various  fixed  collections 
so  that  they  will  meet  the  needs  of  each  community  and  organiza- 
tion to  which  they  are  lent.  In  order  that  citizens  may  secure  books 
as  easily  and  as  promptly  as  possible,  they  are  sent  in  response  to 
applications  signed  by  a  teacher,  minister,  postmaster,  county  or 
town  official,  or  the  officers  of  a  book  club,  society,  or  other  organiza- 
tion. The  books  from  this  section  are  lent  for  four  weeks,  and  the 
borrower  pays  the  postage  both  from  and  to  Raleigh. 

8.  Distribution  of  Library  Literature.  In  addition  to  the  North 
Carolina  Library  Bulletin,  the  following  publications  have  been  is- 
sued and  distributed  by  the  Commission: 

The  Public  Library. 

Free  Traveling  Libraries. 

Debating:  list  of  books  for  libraries,  high  schools,  and  debating 
societies. 

Work  of  the  North  Carolina  Library  Commission. 

Agricultural  and  Country  Life. 

North  Carolina  Package  Libraries:   Material  for  debate. 

Select  Bibliography  of  North  Carolina,  by  Stephen  B.  Weeks. 

The  Farmers'  Library. 

North  Carolina  Package  Libraries. 

How  to  Start  a  Public  Library. 

Material  for  Study  Clubs. 

Free  Debate  Libraries. 

Other  library  literature,  including  tracts  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  book  lists,  building  plans,  etc.,  is  sent  out  as  required 


112  Administrative  Departments. 

9.  School  Libraries.  The  development  of  school  libraries  is  a 
special  feature  of  the  work.  A  close  connection  has  been  established 
with  the  schools  by  giving  advice  on  the  care  and  use  of  school 
libraries,  assistance  in  starting  the  necessary  records,  and  help  in 
the  selection  and  purchase  of  books.  A  bulletin  on  school  libraries, 
prepared  by  the  Secretary,  has  been  published  and  distributed  by 
the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  to  all  schools  in  the  State. 
Other  literature  on  the  subject  is  distributed  by  the  Commission,  and 
talks  are  given  at  teachers'  meetings  to  arouse  the  interest  of  super- 
intendents and  teachers  in  building  up  good  school  libraries.  A 
special  effort  is  made  to  bring  the  public  schools  and  the  public 
libraries  into  close  cooperation. 

MEMBERS   OF  THE  LIBRARY    COMMISSION. 

C.  C.  Wright,  Chairman Wilkes 

Annie  F.  Petty Guilford 

Charles  Lee  Smith,  Treasurer Wake 

James  Y.  Joyner Wake 

Carrie  L.    Broughtox Wake 

Mrs.  Minnie  L.  Blanton,  Secretary Wake 


THE  STATE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 

W.  S.  Rankin,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Raleigh. 

We  assume  that  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  whom 
the  North  Carolina  Manual  is  addressed,  are  interested  more  par- 
ticularly in  just  two  things  with  respect  to  the  work  of  the  State 
Board  of  Health:  (1)  What  the  Board  spends;  (2)  What  the  Board 
gets  for  the  expenditure.  This  statement,  therefore,  will  deal,  in  as 
brief  a  manner  as  is  consistent  with  clearness,  with  the  debit  and 
credit  side  of  the  State's  account  with  public  health. 

Just  one  additional  introductory  statement  needs  to  be  made — a 
statement  in  no  sense  intended  as  an  apology  but  as  simple  justice 
to  the  Board  of  Health.  The  work  of  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
during  the  last  biennium,  has  been  seriously  interfered  with  by  two 
things:  (1)  the  war;  (2)  the  epidemic  of  influenza.  The  war  called 
for  a  mobilization  of  medical  men  and  health  officers.  The  State 
Board  of  Health  lost  a.  number  of  its  officers  to  the  military  service 
of  the  country,  and  it  was  not  only  impossible  to  replace  our  losses, 


State  Hoard  of  Health.  113 

but  impossible  to  secure  health  officers  for  extensions  in  the  health 
work  that  would  have  been  made  but  for  the  war.  The  epidemic 
of  influenza  necessitated  the  cessation  of  much  public  health  work 
for  the  reason  that  public  health  forces  were  concentrated  on  the 
epidemic. 

EXPENSES    OF   THE    STATE    FOB   PUBLIC    HEALTH. 

During  the  biennial  period  of  1917-1918^  the  annual  income  of  the 
State  Board  of  Health,  including  the  Laboratory  but  not  the  Sana- 
torium, has  been  $86,991.13. 

DIVIDENDS   ON   INVESTMENTS   IN   PUBLIC    HEALTH. 

Item  1.  The  State  Laboratory  of  Hygiene  has  examined  annually 
for  the  last  two  years  8,652  microscopic  specimens,  which  would 
have  cost  the  people  and  the  physicians  of  this  State,  if  examined 
in  other  laboratories,  a  minimum  of  $1.50  per  specimen,  or  a  total 
of  $12  978.  This  $12,978  is  one  dividend  that  is  paid  on  the  State's 
investment  of  $86,991.13  in  the  health  of  her  people. 

Item  2.  The  State  Laboratory  of  Hygiene  has  examined  annually 
for  the  last  two  years  2,100  samples  of  drinking  water.  These 
analyses,  if  made  by  other  laboratories,  would  have  cost  the  State 
$5  apiece,  or  a  total  of  $10,500.  This  $10,500  is  a  second  dividend 
paid  on  the  State's  investment  of  $86,991.13  in  the  health  of  her 
people. 

Item  3.  The  State  Laboratory  of  Hygiene  has  treated  annually 
for  the  last  two  years  336  citizens  of  North  Carolina  who  had  been 
bitten  by  rabid  animals.  It  would  have  cost  these  citizens  a  mini- 
mum of  $15,000  to  have  secured  this  treatment  outside  the  State. 
This  $15,000,  then,  may  be  regarded  as  a  third  dividend  paid  on  the 
State's  investment  of  $86,991.13  in  the  health  of  her  people. 

Item  .'/.  The  State  Laboratory  of  Hygiene  has  distributed  an- 
nually for  the  last  two  years  248  876  doses  of  typhoid  vaccine, 
7,896  doses  of  whooping  cough  vaccine,  and  29,580  doses  of  small- 
pox vaccine,  which  vaccines,  if  purchased  at  the  ordinary  retail 
price,  would  have  cost  a  minimum  of  $100,000.  This  $100,000  is, 
then,  a  fourth  dividend  paid  on  the  State's  investment  of  $86,- 
991.13   in   the  health  of  her  people. 

Item  5.  The  State  Laboratory  of  Hygiene  has  distributed  an- 
nually for  the  last  two  years  2,412  doses,  or  12.060,000  units,  of 
diphtheria  antitoxin.  The  antitoxin,  distributed  free  of  cost  to 
8 


114  Administrative  Departments. 

the  people  in  1918,  at  the  old  retail  price  would  have  cost  $12,060. 
The  antitoxin  distributed  in  1917,  at  about  one  fourth  the  previous 
retail  price  of  antitoxin,  saved  our  people  an  additional  $9  000,  mak- 
ing a  total  saving  on  diphtheria  antitoxin  of  $21,000  for  the  last  two 
years,  or  an  annual  saving  of  at  least  $10,000.  But  this  by  no  means 
represents  the  total  amount  saved  under  this  item  to  the  citizens  of 
North  Carolina.  Commercial  manufacturers  of  antitoxin,  in  order 
to  sell  their  product  at  all  in  North  Carolina  in  competition  with 
the  State's  free  antitoxin,  have  had  to  cut  their  original  price  to 
one-third  of  what  it  was.  The  people  are  now  paying  only  one-third 
of  what  they  otherwise  would  have  to  pay  for  the  anitoxin  of  pri- 
vate manufacturers.  The  arrangement  of  the  State  Board  of  Health 
for  supplying  antitoxin  to  the  people  of  North  Carolina  saves  our 
State  not  less  than  $20,000  a  year.  This  $20,000  is,  then,  a  fifth 
dividend  paid  on  the  State's  investment  of  $86,991.13  in  public 
health. 

Item  6.  The  State  Board  of  Health  has  interested  the  Inter- 
national Health  Board  and  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service 
in  opportunities  for  successful  public  health  work  in  North  Carolina 
to  the  extent  of  obtaining  from  these  agencies,  during  the  past  two 
years,  a  total  appropriation  of  $43,757.19.  In  addition  to  this  direct 
appropriation,  we  have  secured  from  the  above  agencies  the  loan  of 
health  officials  for  work  in  North  Carolina,  without  cost  to  the  State, 
whose  combined  salaries  during  the  time  of  their  work  in  this 
State  has  amounted  to  over  $16,000.  In  short,  we  have  been  instru- 
mental in  ^securing  from  outside  sources,  without  cost  to  the  State, 
during  the  last  two  years,  $60,000  worth  of  health  work. 

Item  7.  A  silver  nitrate  solution  has  been  supplied  to  all  the  phy- 
sicians and  midwives  of  the  State,  with  instructions  as  to  the  law 
requiring  the  application  of  this  solution  to  the  eyes  of  all  new- 
born children  for  the  prevention  of  gonorrheal  ophthalmia,  or  blind- 
ness in  the  new-born. 

There  occurs  in  North  Carolina  annually  about  one  hundred  cases 
of  gonorrheal  ophthalmia,  or  blindness  in  the  new-born — a  form  of 
blindness  that  is  prevented  in  98  per  cent  of  the  births,  where  it 
otherwise  would  occur,  by  the  use  of  the  silver  nitrate  solution;  in 
other  words,  there  are  12V>  cases  of  this  preventable  blindness  for 
every  10.000  births.  The  State  Epidemiologist  believes  that  he  is 
conservative  in  assuming  that  in  at  least  half  of  the  births  occurring 
in  the  State,  40,000  births,  the  law  requiring  the  application  of  silver 


State  Board  of  Health.  11  i 

nitrate  is  complied  with.  If  this  estimate  is  correct,  and  if  the 
prophylactic  is  98  per  cent  efficient  in  preventing  blindness,  .49  cases 
of  blindness  are  prevented  each  year  through  this  law.  Let  us 
assume,  however,  that  less  than  half  of  this  amount  of  blindness  is 
prevented — 20  cases.  It  costs  the  State  of  North  Carolina  $185  a 
year  per  blind  child  to  give  it  an  education  with  the  hope^of  making 
it  self-supporting.  It  requires  at  least  ten  years  at  the  Blind  Insti- 
tution for  the  child  to  receive  this  education.  This  would  make  a 
total  cost  to  the  State  for  educating  the  blind  child,  as  an  effort  to 
make  it  self-supporting,  ten  times  $185,  or  $1,850;  for  twenty  blind 
children  this  would  be  $37,000.  While  estimates  of  the  amount 
saved  by  this  law  will  vary  with  the  individual  viewpoint,  it  will  be 
admitted  by  all  that  this  law  is  saving  the  State  each  year  many 
thousands  of  dollars,  and  saving  some  of  the  State's  citizens  a  loss 
that  is  incalculable. 

Item  8.  The  Board  of  Health  was  successful  in  securing  the  ap- 
pointment of  all  the  officers — State  and  county — concerned  with 
quarantine  work  in  North  Carolina  to  the  position  of  collaborating 
epidemiologist  of  the  Federal  Government.  While  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment pays  these  officials  only  $1  per  year  in  accordance  with  an 
act  of  Congress,  the  position  of  an  official  in  the  Federal  Government 
permits  the  State  and  county  quarantine  officers  to  use  the  franking 
privilege,  which  saves  to  the  State  and  the  counties  not  less  than 
$5,000  a  year  postage. 

Item  9.  Several  years  ago  the  State  Board  of  Health  was  re- 
sponsible for  a  change  in  the  management  of  outbreaks  of  smallpox. 
The  change  effected  was  shifting  the  responsibility  of  protecting 
the  unvaccinated  (the  only  susceptibles)  from  the  community  to  the 
unvaccinated  individual.  In  making  this  change,  the  State  Board 
of  Health  did  away  with  a  system  of  smallpox  quarantine  and  isola- 
tion which,  according  to  reports  from  counties  for  the  year  preced- 
ing the  change  in  the  method  of  control,  was  costing  the  State 
$66,000.  Smallpox  is  one  of  the  least  significant  factors  in  the  State's 
death  rate.  As  a  result  of  the  change  in  the  method  of  control, 
there  has  been,  apparently,  no  increase  in  either  cases  or  deaths.  It 
appears,  therefore,  that  the  Board  of  Health,  through  this  policy  of 
making  the  individual  responsible  for  his  susceptibility  to  smallpox 
instead  of  his  community,  is  saving  the  State  annually  something 
like  $50,000. 


116  Administrative  Departments. 

Item  W.  In  1914.  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  State, 
deaths  from  all  causes  were  accurately  recorded.  In  that  year  there 
were  839  deaths  from  typhoid  fever;  in  1915,  744;  in  1916,  700;  in 
1917,  628.  and  in  1918.  502.  There  were  saved,  therefore,  839  less  628, 
or  211  lives  from  typhoid  fever  during  the  year  1917.  There  were 
saved  8S9  .less  502,  or  337  lives  during  the  year  1918,  or,  during  the 
two  years,  there  have  been  saved  548  lives  from  typhoid  fever. 

The  fatality  from  typhoid  fever  is  10  per  cent;  that  is,  100  cases 
of  the  disease  cause  10  deaths.  A  decrease  of  548  deaths,  therefore, 
was  necessarily  associated  with  the  prevention  of  5.480  cases  of  the 
disease.  Taking  the  estimates  of  the  value  of  the  average  life  at  the 
average  age  at  death  from  typhoid  fever,  made  by  political  econo- 
mists of  national  reputation  and  based  upon  the  life  expectancy  and 
earning  capacity,  the  548  lives  saved  were  worth  $4,000  each,  a  total 
of  $2,192,000  of  vital  conservation. 

The  prevention  of  5,480  cases  of  typhoid  fever  associated  with  this 
saving  of  548  lives  also  has  a  money  equivalent.  The  average  case 
of  typhoid  fever  lasts  six  weeks.  The  cost  of  treating  an  average 
case  of  typhoid  fever,  estimating  the  amount  paid  physicians,  drug- 
gists and  nurses,  and  losses  of  salary  or  per  diem  on  account  of 
sickness,  may  be  conservatively  estimated  at  $100  a  case  (usually 
estimated  at  $200  each  case),  which  amounts  to  a  total  of  $584,000 
saved  from  sickness. 

In  this  item  it  appears,  therefore,  that  through  the  work  of  typhoid 
prevention  as  organized,  directed,  and  carried  on  by  the  Board,  and 
through  the  Board's  previous  efforts  there  is  a  vital  saving  to  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  estimated  at  $2,740,000. 

Item.  II.  The  State  law  which  requires  that  all  plans  and  specifi- 
cations for  waterworks  and  sewerage  systems  shall  be  submitted  to 
and  approved  by  the  State  Board  of  Health,  before  being  accepted 
by  the  municipalities  for  which  the  plans  and  specifications  are 
designed,  safeguards  our  towns  and  cities  against  the  work  of  cheap 
engineers  and  contractors.  To  illustrate:  A  town  in  this  State, 
before  this  law  went  into  operation,  let  a  contract  for  the  installa- 
tion of  a  public  water  supply.  The  water  supply  was  found  danger- 
ous on  account  of  its  location  and  had  to  be  moved.  The  location  of 
the  water  supply,  bad  it  been  passed  upon  by  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  would  never  have  been  approved.  To  change  the  location 
of  the  supply  cost  the  town  somewhere  between  $10,000  and  $15,000. 


State  Board  of  Health.  117 

Many  such  losses  have  been  saved  the  municipalities  of  the  State  by 
this  law  which  requires  that  all  plans  and  specifications  for  water 
supplies  and  sewerage  systems  be  examined  and  approved  by  the 
engineers  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  before  being  accepted  by  the 
towns  and  cities  for  which  they  are  intended. 

Item  12.  The  State  Board  of  Health,  in  its  direction  of  the  man- 
agement of  the  influenza  epidemic,  believes  and  claims  that  when  the 
epidemic  has  passed  and  the  records  are  available  comparisons  with 
the  other  States  will  show  that  the  influenza  cases  and  deaths  per 
thousand  population  in  North  Carolina  compare  favorably  with  the 
incidence  of  the  disease  elsewhere,  and  that  in  attaining  these  re- 
sults the  cost  of  handling  the  epidemic  to  this  State  was  small, 
comparatively  speaking.  In  the  work  of  medical  relief,  sixty-four 
communities  were  served  with  seventy  emergency  doctors  and 
sixty-one  emergency  nurses  at  a  total  cost  to  the  State  of  $1,266.37. 
We  claim  now,  leaving  the  verification  of  the  claim  to  the  future, 
that  in  this  work  we  saved  many  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  State 
of  North  Carolina. 

Item  l.i.  Over  160,000  school  children  have  been  given  a  prelimi- 
nary physical  examination  by  school  teachers  in  accordance  with 
instructions  and  under  the  direction  of  the  State  Board  of  Health. 
About  48,700  of  these  school  children  have  been  given  a  second  or 
complete  physical  examination  by  physicians  and  specially  trained 
nurses  in  accordance  with  instructions  and  under  the  direction  of 
the  State  Board  of  Health.  It  is  officially  recorded  that  $10,670 
of  these  school  children  have  been  treated.  As  a  result  of  the  above 
examinations  and  treatments,  thousands  of  other  school  children  of 
which  we  have  no  record  have  received  much-needed  and  proper 
treatment. 

Item  l.'i.  During  the  first  full  year,  1918.  of  its  existence,  the 
Bureau  of  Epidemiology  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  prescribed  the 
method  and  supervised  the  quarantine  of  29,785  cases  of  communi- 
cable diseases.  As  a  further  precaution  against  the  unnecessary 
spread  of  communicable  diseases,  the  teachers,  pupils  and  patrons 
of  3,598  public  schools  were  notified,  through  a  well  developed  sys- 
tem, of  the  existence  of  communicable  disease  in  the  school  com- 
munity, of  the  dangers  of  the  disease,  its  methods  of  spread,  and 
the  means  for  its  control.  In  this  way,  many  thousands  of  cases  of 
contagions  that  would  have  occurred  otherwise,  causing  many  deaths, 
have  been  prevented. 


IIS  Administrative  Departments. 

Item  15.  Probably  the  most  important,  certainly  the  most  funda- 
mental, health  law  that  any  State  may  enact  is  a  vital  statistics  law. 
The  vital  statistics  law  of  North  Carolina  requires  the  State  to 
secure,  and  permanently  preserve  in  a  fire-proof  vault,  a  complete 
record  of  the  two  principal  events  in  the  life  of  each  citizen — the 
birth  and  the  death  of  the  citizen.  The  State  holds  that  not  one  of 
its  citizens  is  so  humble  that  his  coming  and  his  going  should  not  be 
taken  official  note  of.  An  annual  average  of  77,000  births  and  34,000 
deaths  are  registered,  card-indexed  and  classified  by  race,  sex.  age, 
county,  township,  town  or  city,  and  by  cause  of  death. 

For  the  individual,  these  records  mean  that  each  child  may  be 
enabled  to  keep  track  of  its  ancestors — father,  mother,  grandparents, 
great-grandparents,  collateral  kin.  Each  individual  will  be  enabled 
to  prove  his  or  her  age  in  the  courts,  his  or  her  right  to  suffrage, 
the  right  to  marriage,  the  right  to  insurance,  the  right  to  enter 
various  industries,  the  right  to  inheritance,  etc. 

For  the  State,  this  law  means  that  the  number  of  deaths  per  thou- 
sand of  the  population  occurring  in  North  Carolina,  or  in  any  county 
or  township,  or  town  or  city  of  the  State,  shall  be  known;  it  means 
that  the  number  of  births  per  thousand  of  the  population  in  the 
State,  in  the  counties,  in  any  part  or  subdivision  of  the  State,  shall 
be  known;  that  by  comparing  such  figures  with  similar  figures  from 
the  other  States  of  the  Union  the  people  of  this  State,  the  people  of 
other  States  and  of  the  world,  may  know,  not  guess,  what  health 
conditions  in  North  Carolina  are. 

Best  of  all,  this  law  has  shown  and  caused  to  be  published  on  the 
authority  of  the  United  States  Government,  the  fact  that  the  State 
of  North  Carolina  is  one  of  the  healthiest  in  the  Union.  This  is  the 
meaning  of  our  death  rate  of  13.0  per  thousand  of  the  population 
per  year,  and  our  birth  rate  of  31.9  per  thousand  of  the  population 
per  year  as  compared  with  the  average  death  rate  of  13.9  and  birth 
rate  of  24.8  of  the  registration  States  of  the  Union  for  the  same 
year — the  last  year  for  which  the  figures  are  available. 

Item  16.  A  continuous  and  extensive  educational  campaign  has 
been  waged  against  unhygienic  and  insanitary  conditions  in  the 
homes  and  communities  of  the  State.  This  has  been  carried  on  in 
the  following  manner:  The  Health  Bulletin  has  been  mailed  to  an 
average  of  48,000  people  monthly;  specially  prepared  leaflets,  pam- 
phlets and  placards  have  been  distributed  upon  request  to  an  extent 


State  Hoard  of  Health.  119 

exceeding  30,000  monthly;  daily  articles  have  been  supplied  to  the 
newspapers  of  the  State  for  publication,  these  having  been  used  in 
publications  having  a  circulation  in  excess  of  1.125,000;  a  total  of 
12,816  letters  have  been  written;  motion  pictures  featuring  health 
subjects  in  an  entertaining  manner  have  been  witnessed  by  approxi- 
mately 58,298  people;  approximately  19.971  people  have  witnessed 
illustrated  health  lectures;  approximately  52,285  people  have  wit- 
nessed special  health  exhibits.  The  value  of  the  results  attained  by 
these  efforts  is  something  that  cannot  be  estimated  in  dollars  and 
cents.  The  value  of  any  educational  movement  is  an  intangible 
quantity.  The  Bible,  the  work  of  the  ministers  and  the  churches, 
the  school  system,  the  press,  all  are  vital  agencies  upon  which  no 
exact  value  can  be  placed,  but  of  such  tremendous  importance  that 
no  sane  person  would  argue  for  the  suppression  of  any.  In  like 
manner  the  educational  work  along  health  lines  cannot  be  valued 
exactly.  It  has  carried  information  and  instruction  to  the  people 
of  the  State,  reaching  directly  at  least  one-half  of  the  population. 
"Line  upon  line,  precept  upon  precept,"  the  prevention  of  disease 
has  been  preached,  and  the  deaths  from  preventable  diseases  have 
been  materially  reduced. 

Item  11.  The  State  Board  of  Health,  by  its  educational  activities, 
has  fostered,  strengthened,  and  directed  an  interest  on  the  part  of 
the  counties  in  local  health  work  so  that  today  North  Carolina  has 
sixteen  counties,  embracing  a  total  population  of  687,634,  or  28% 
per  cent  of  the  population  of  the  State,  under  whole-time  county 
health  officers.  No  State  in  the  Union  has  developed  its  county 
health  work  to  a  like  extent. 

Item  IS.  In  nine  of  the  sixteen  counties  referred  to  in  Item  17, 
the  State  Board  of  Health  has  had  direction  of  the  county  health 
work  for  a  period  of  fourteen  months,  and  in  that  time  the  amount 
of  work  accomplished  is  indicated  in  the  following  tabulation: 

1.  969  public  health  meetings  were  held  with  a  total  attendance  of 
87,450. 

2.  815  health  articles  were  published  in  the  county  papers. 

3.  7.364  homes  constructed  sanitary  privies. 

4.  20.834  people  were  examined  for  hookworm  disease,  and  3,928 
were  treated. 

5.  479  schools  were  visited  by  health  officers. 


120  Administrative  Departments. 

6.  38.969  school  children  were  examined  by  the  teachers  working 
under  the  direction  of  the  health  officers. 

7.  12,699  school  children  were  examined  by  the  health  officers, 
these  children  bsing  referred  by  the  teachers. 

8.  6,171  defective  children  were  treated. 

9.  1,528  adults  were  given  physical  examinations  by  the  health 
officers. 

10.  37,234  people  were  vaccinated  against  typhoid  fever. 

11.  6.450  people  were  vaccinated  against  smallpox. 

12.  4,356  cases  of  infectious  diseases  were  quarantined. 

Item  19.  The  executive  office  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  ren- 
dered considerable  assistance,  possibly  amounting  altogether  to  two 
months'  full  time  service,  to  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  the 
Surgeon  General  of  the  Army,  and  the  Medical  Aide  to  the  Governor 
in  the  preparedness  program  of  the  country. 

Item  20.  To  indicate  the  general  business  handled  by  the  State 
Board  of  Health,  the  official  correspondence,  during  the  last  two 
years,  has  amounted  to  a  receipt  of  92,550  letters  and  104,120  replies. 
This  is  equivalent  to  a  daily  correspondence  of  126  letters  received 
and  142  replies.  This  does  not  include  the  preparation  and  mailing 
of  110,704  multigraph  letters. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  CHARITIES  AM)  ITRLK    WELFARE. 

R.  P.  Beasley,  Commissioner  of  Public  Welfare.  Raleigh. 

This  board  was  made  mandatory  by  section  7,  Article  XI  of  the 
Constitution  of  North  Carolina  as  follows: 

Sec.  7.  Beneficent  provision  for  the  poor,  the  unfortunate  and 
orphan  being  one  of  the  first  duties  of  a  civilized  and  Christian 
State,  the  General  Assembly  shall,  at  its  first  session,  appoint  and 
define  the  duties  of  a  Board  of  Public  Charities,  to  whom  shall  be 
entrusted  the  supervision  of  all  charitable  and  penal  State  institu- 
tions, and  who  shall  annually  report  to  the  Governor  upon  their 
condition,   with   suggestions   for   their  improvement. 

Under  the  legislative  provision,  in  conformity  with  the  above 
mandate,  the  Board  and  the  several  members  have  done  a  vast 
amount  of  work  in  promoting  the  establishment  of  various  institu- 
tions, in  aiding  in  the  development  of  the  State's  charitable  and 
philanthropic   growth   and    in   social   progress   generally.      Its   mem- 


State  Board  of  Charities.  121 

bers  do  not  and  never  have  received  any  salary  or  pay  whatever, 
and  are  allowed  only  necessary  traveling  expenses. 

While  it  has  been  a  guiding,  stimulating,  and  developing  agency. 
it  was  seen  that  its  possibilities  and  usefulness  could  be  largely 
increased  to  meet  both  the  old  and  new  needs  of  modern  conditions 
by  enlarging  its  powers  and  giving  it  a  more  adequate  support.  This 
enlargement  was  provided  for  by  the  Legislature  of  1917,  and  the 
law  governing  its  operation  is  now  as  follows: 

There  are  seven  members,  two  of  whose  terms  expire  each  two 
years.  The  Board  meets  quarterly  or  when  called  in  special  sessions. 
Its  powers  and  duties  as  enumerated  by  the  statute  are: 

"(a)  To  investigate  and  supervise  through  and  by  its  own  mem- 
bers or  its  agents  or  employees  the  whole  system  of  the  charitable 
and  penal  institutions  of  the  State  and  to  recommend  such  changes 
and  additional  provisions  as  it  may  deem  needful  for  their  economi- 
cal and  efficient  administration. 

"(b)  To  study  the  subjects  of  nonemployment,  poverty,  vagrancy, 
housing  conditions,  crime,  public  amusement,  care  and  treatment  of 
prisoners,  divorce  and  wife  desertion,  the  social  evil  and  kindred 
subjects  and  their  causes,  treatment,  and  prevention,  and  the  pre- 
vention of  any  hurtful  social  condition. 

"(e)  To  study  and  promote  the  welfare  of  the  dependent  and  delin- 
quent child  and  to  provide  either  directly  or  through  a  bureau  of  the 
board  for  the  placing  and  supervision  of  dependent,  delinquent,  and 
defective  children. 

"(d)  To  inspect  and  make  report  on  private  orphanages,  institu- 
tions, and  persons  receiving  or  placing  children,  and  all  such  persons, 
institutions,  and  orphanages  shall,  before  soliciting  funds  from  the 
public,  submit  to  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Public  Welfare 
an  itemized  statement  of  the  moneys  received  and  expended  and  of 
the  work  done  during  the  preceding  year,  and  shall  not  solicit  other 
funds  until  licensed  by  the  State  Board,  said  statement  of  moneys 
received  and  expended  and  work  done  to  be  made  each  year  as 
ordered  by  the  State  Board,  and  said  Board  shall  have  the  right  to 
make  all  such  information  public. 

"(e)  To  issue  bulletins  and  in  other  ways  to  inform  the  public  as 
to  social  conditions  and  the  proper  treatment  and  remedies  for  social 
evils. 

"(/)  To  issue  subpoenas  and  compel  attendance  of  witnesses,  ad- 
minister oaths,  and  to  send  for  persons  and  papers  whenever  it  deems 


122  Administrative  Depaktments. 

it  necessary  in  making  the  investigations  provided  for  herein  or  in 
the  other  discharge  of  its  duties,  and  to  give  such  publicity  to  its 
investigations  and  findings  as  it  may  deem  best  for  the  public  welfare. 

"(g)  To  employ  a  trained  investigator  of  social  service  problems 
who  shall  be  known  as  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Welfare,  and  to 
employ  such  other  inspectors,  officers,  and  agents  as  it  may  deem 
needful  in  the  discharge  of  its  duties. 

"(h)  To  recommend  to  the  Legislature  social  legislation  and  the 
creation  of  necessary  institutions. 

"(i)  To  encourage  employment  by  counties  of  a  county  superin- 
tendent of  public  welfare  and  to  cooperate  Avith  the  county  superin- 
tendent of  public  welfare  in  every  way  possible. 

"(i)  To  attend,  either  through  its  members  or  agents,  social  service 
conventions  and  similar  conventions  and  to  assist  in  promoting  all 
helpful  publicity  tending  to  improve  social  conditions  of  the  State, 
and  to  pay  out  of  the  funds  appropriated  to  the  State  Board,  office 
expenses,  salaries  of  employees,  and  all  other  expenses  incurred  in 
carrying  out  the  duties  and  powers  hereinbefore  set  out. 

"Section  3916.  The  Board  shall  also  give  special  attention  to  the 
causes  of  insanity,  defect  or  loss  of  the  several  senses,  idiocy,  and 
the  deformity  and  infirmity  of  the  physical  organization.  They  shall, 
besides  their  own  observation,  avail  themselves  of  correspondence 
and  exchange  of  facts  of  the  labors  of  others  in  these  departments, 
and  thus  be  able  to  afford  the  General  Assembly  data  to  guide  them 
in  future  legislation  for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  the 
people,  as  well  as  to  contribute  to  enlighten  public  opinion  and  direct 
it  to  interests  so  vital  to  the  prosperity  of  the  State.  The  State 
Board  shall  keep  and  report  statistics  of  the  matters  hereinbefore 
referred  to  and  shall  compile  these  reports  and  analyze  them  with 
a  view  of  determining  and  removing  the  cause  in  order  to  prevent 
crime  and  distress. 

"Sec.  3917.  The  State  Board  shall  have  power  to  inspect  county 
jails,  county  homes,  and  all  prisons  and  prison  camps  and  other 
institutions  of  a  penal  or  charitable  nature,  and  to  require  reports 
from  sheriffs  of  counties  and  superintendents  of  public  welfare  and 
other  county  officers  in  regard  to  the  conditions  of  jails  and  alms- 
houses, or  in  regard  to  the  number,  sex,  age,  physical  and  mental 
condition,  criminal  record,  occupation,  nationality  and  race  of  in- 
mates, or  such  other  information  as  may  be  required  by  said  State 
Board.   The  plans  and  specifications  of  all  new  jails  and  almshouses 


State  Board  of  Charities.  123 

shall,  before  the  beginning  of  the  construction  thereof,  be  submitted 
for  approval  to  the  State  Board. 

"Sec.  3918.  The  State  Board  shall  biennially  prepare  and  submit 
to  the  General  Assembly  a  complete  and  full  report  of  its  doings 
during  the  preceding  two  years,  showing  the  actual  condition  of  all 
the  State  institutions  under  its  supervision  with  such  suggestions 
as  it  may  deem  necessary  and  pertinent,  which  shall  be  printed  by 
the  State  Printer,  and  shall  report  such  other  matters  as  it  may 
think  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  the  State. 

"Sec.  3919.  Whenever  the  Board  shall  have  reason  to  believe  that 
any  insane  person,  not  incurable,  is  deprived  of  proper  remedial 
treatment,  and  is  confined  in  any  almshouse  or  other  place,  whether 
such  insane  person  is  a  public  charge  or  otherwise,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  said  Board  to  cause  such  insane  person  to  be  conveyed 
to  the  proper  State  hospital  for  the  insane,  there  to  receive  the  best 
medical  attention.  So  also  it  shall  be  their  care  that  all  the  unfor- 
tunate shall  receive  benefit  from  the  charities  of  the  State. 

"Sec.  3920.  The  Board  may  require  the  superintendents  or  other 
officers  of  the  several  charitable  and  penal  institutions  of  the  State 
to  report  to  them  of  any  matter  relating  to  the  inmates  of  such  insti- 
tutions, their  manner  of  instruction  and  treatment,  with  structure 
of  their  buildings,  and  to  furnish  them  any  desired  statistics  upon 
demand.  No  person  shall  be  appointed  to  any  place  or  position  in 
any  of  the  State  institutions  under  the  supervision  of  the  State 
Board  who  is  related  by  blood  or  marriage  to  any  member  of  the 
State  Board  or  to  any  of  the  principal  officers,  superintendents,  or 
wardens  of  State  institutions." 

The  law  also  provides  that  county  commissioners  may  create 
County  Boards  of  Public  Welfare,  to  consist  of  three  persons  known 
to  be  interested  in  social  welfare,  who  shall  assist  the  State  Board 
in  carrying  out  plans  in  the  counties.  The  Commissioners  may  also 
appoint  a  County  Superintendent  of  Public  Welfare  and  pay  him 
such  salary  as  they  deem  wise,  and  whose  duties  are  enumerated  as 
follows: 

"(a)  To  have,  under  control  of  the  County  Commissioners,  the  care 
and  supervision  of  the  poor  and  to  administer  the  poor  funds. 

"(b)  To  act  as  agent  of  the  State  Board  in  relation  to  any  work 
to  be  done  by  the  State  Board  within  the  county. 

"(c)  Under  the  direction  of  the  State  Board  to  look  after  and 
keep  up  with  the  condition  of  persons  discharged  from  hospitals 
for  the  insane  and  from  other  State  institutions. 


124  Administrative  Departments. 

"(d)  To  have  oversight  of  prisoners  in  the  county  on  parole  from 
penitentiaries,  reformatories,  and  all  parole  prisoners  in  the  county. 

"(e)  To  have  oversight  of  dependent  and  delinquent  children,  and 
especially  those  on  parole  or  probation. 

"(/)    To  have  oversight  of  all  prisoners  in  the  county  on  probation. 

"(g)  To  promote  'wholesome  recreation  in  the  county  and  to  en- 
force such  laws  and  regulate  commercial  amusement. 

"(h)  Under  the  direction  of  the  State  Board  to  have  oversight  of 
dependent  children  placed  in  said  county  by  the  State  Board. 

"(i)  To  assist  the  State  Board  in  finding  employment  for  the  un- 
employed. 

"(j)  To  investigate  into  the  cause  of  distress,  under  the  direction 
of  the  State  Board,  and  to  make  such  other  investigations  in  the 
interest  of  social  welfare  as  the  State  Board  may  direct. 

"The  State  Board  shall  have  power  and  right  at  any  time  to  re- 
move any  member  of  the  county  board." 

PRESENT  MEMBERSHIP  AND  OFFICERS  OF  THE  BOARD. 

William  A.  Blair,  Chairman Winston-Salem 

Caret  J.  Hunter,   Vice-Chairman Raleigh 

A.   W.   McAllister Greensboro 

J.  A.  McAilay Mt.  Gilead 

Rev.  M.  L.  Kesler.  .  . Thomasville 

Mrs.  Thomas  W.  Lingle Chapel  Hill 

Mrs.  Walter  F.  Woodward Wilson 

Miss   Daisy  Denson,   Secretary Raleigh 

R.  F.  Beasley,  Comr.  of  Public  Welfare Raleigh 


NORTH  CAROLINA  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY. 

Joseph  Hyde  Fratt,  State  Geologist,  Chapel  Hill.  N.  C. 

The  act  establishing  the  North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic 
Survey  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  1905,  and  outlines  in  detail 
the  phases  of  work  to  be  carried  out  by  this  Department,  as  follows: 

(1)  The  examination  of  the  mineral,  forest,  fishery,  and  other 
resources  of  the  State. 

(2)  The  examination  of  the  geological  formations  of  the  State 
with  reference  to  their  economic  products. 

(3)  The  examination  of  the  road-building  materials  and  the  best 
methods  of  utilizing  same. 

(4)  The  examination  and  classification  of  the  soils  and  forests  and 


Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  125 

other  physical  features  of  the  State,  with  special  reference  to  their 
bearing  upon  the  occupations  of  the  people. 

(5)  The  examination  of  the  streams  and  waterpowers  of  the  State, 
with  special  reference  to  their  development  in  manufacturing  enter- 
prises and  the  preservation  of  the  sources  of  these  streams  through 
the  protection  of  the  forests. 

(6)  The  examination  of  the  water  supplies  of  the  State,  with 
special  reference  to  sinking  deep  artesian  wells. 

(7)  The  preparation  of  reports  regarding  these  investigations. 
To  carry  on  all  the  lines  of  work  outlined  as  being  the  objects  of 

the  Geological  Survey  at  one  time,  with  the  small  annual  appropria- 
tion at  present  allotted  for  this  work,  would  be  an  impossibility; 
but  the  State  Geologist,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Geo- 
logical Board,  undertakes  and  carries  out  such  of  these  investigations 
as  seem  to  be  most  urgent  and  as  can  be  accomplished  with  the  said 
appropriation,  supplemented  by  the  heartiest  cooperation  on  the 
part  of  the  various  Federal  bureaus,  such  as  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  the  United  States  Office  of  Public  Roads  and 
Rural  Engineering,  the  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey, 
the  United  States  Forest  Service,  the  United  States  Fisheries  Com- 
mission, the  National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies,  the  American 
Association  of  State  Highway  Officials,  and  various  State  associa- 
tions such  as  the  North  Carolina  Good  Roads  Association,  the  North 
Carolina  Drainage  Association,  and  the  North  Carolina  Forestry 
Association. 

The  Survey  not  only  examines  into  the  present  conditions  of  these 
various  natural  resources  and  conditions  affecting  the  State's  ad- 
vancement, but,  where  there  seems  to  be  a  crying  need  for  the  con- 
servation and  perpetuation  of  certain  of  our  resources,  such  as  our 
forests  and  the  commercial  fisheries,  it  seeks  to  acquire  all  possible 
information  and  to  give  such  publicity  as  will  acquaint  the  citizens 
of  the  State  with  the  great  necessity  for  conserving  and  perpetuating 
the  wealth  with  which  nature  has  so  abundantly  endowed  us.  No 
attempt  is  made  on  the  part  of  the  Survey  to  cloak  any  adverse  con- 
ditions, but  an  effort  is  made  to  reveal  the  true  state  of  affairs  with 
the  idea  that  by  making  a  correct  diagnosis  a  cure  can  sooner  be 
reached.  It  is  believed  by  those  familiar  with  the  work  of  this 
department  that  many  of  the  great  economic  problems  of  the  present 
and  future  are  involved  in  its  work.     Every  effort  has  been  made  to 


126  Administrative  Departments. 

educate  and  arouse  the  people  of  the  State  to  the  importance  of 
proper  methods  of  conservation  of  not  only  our  so-called  natural 
resources,  but  of  our  time,  labor,  and  money  in  the  construction  of 
better  roads.  Such  educational  work  is  carried  on  by  means  of 
addresses,  bulletins,  correspondence,  newspaper  articles,  conventions, 
exhibits,  demonstration  work,  etc. 

One  of  the  greatest  handicaps  to  the  work  of  the  Survey  during 
the  past  two  years  has  been  the  lack  of  funds  for  printing  its  reports. 
As  outlined  above,  the  work  of  the  Survey  consists  mainly  in  study- 
ing conditions  and  making  reports  to  the  people  as  to  the  results  of 
these  investigations.  To  render  their  full  value  to  the  State,  these 
reports  should  be  distributed  at  the  time  when  they  would  have  the 
most  value,  either  in  conserving  the  interests  of  the  people  or  adver- 
tising our  resources  at  the  time  when  these  resources  are  in  most 
demand.  Delay  in  publication  may  mean,  and  often  does  mean,  the 
withholding  of  information  which  costs  the  State  many  dollars  be- 
cause of  delayed  action  which  may  have  resulted  through  the  publi- 
cation and  distribution  of  the  information  compiled  from  a  given 
investigation.  The  people  of  North  Carolina  have  a  right  to  the 
results  of  the  work  which  they  have  authorized. 

Below  is  given  in  some  detail  the  work  of  the  Survey. 

GEOLOGY    AND    MINERALOGY. 

The  geological  work  carried  on  by  the  Survey  during  the  past  two 
years  has  consisted  principally  of  an  investigation  of  the  limestone 
and  marl  deposits  of  the  State  with  the  specific  purpose  of  assembling 
such  data  as  will  be  useful  in  locating  commercial  deposits  of  these 
materials  and  determining  their  adaptability  for  certain  commercial 
purposes,  such  as  fertilizer,  portland  cement,  lime,  etc.  Another 
investigation  has  been  on  the  clay  deposits.  The  report  on  the  gen- 
eral study  of  the  Coastal  Plain  geology  has  been  completed  and  a 
volume  entitled  "Cretaceous  Deposits  of  North  Carolina"  has  been 
compiled. 

During  the  field  season  of  1917  a  general  investigation  was  carried 
out  to  locate  commercial  deposits  of  minerals  which  had  become  of 
special  interest  because  of  war  conditions,  such  as  iron  ores,  man- 
ganese, copper,  graphite,  coal,  pyrite.  clays,  mica,  talc,  etc. 

Statistics  relating  to  the  production  of  the  various  minerals  and 
ores   of   the    State   were   collected   in   cooperation   with   the   United 


Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  127 

States  Geological  Survey.  Mineral  specimens  from  various  sections 
of  the  State  have  been  tested  and  reported  on.  While  the  majority 
of  these  specimens  are  of  little  value  commercially,  occasionally  one 
is  sent  in  which  either  has  a  commercial  value  or  is  of  scientific 
interest.  Through  this  means  deposits  of  commercial  minerals 
have  been  located  which  have  proved  to  be  of  considerable  value. 

The  following  publications  have  been  printed  and  distributed  dur- 
ing the  past  two  years  relating  to  mineral  subjects: 

Press   Bulletin : 

1G3.      North    Carolina's    Mineral    Industry    during    1917. 

There  is  now  in  preparation  a  report  on  the  mining  industry  of 
the  State  during  1913-1917,  inclusive. 

KOAD    WORK. 

The  road  work  of  the  Survey  during  the  past  two  years  has  been 
carried  on  principally  in  conjuction  with  the  work  of  the  State 
Highway  Commission,  the  State  Geologist  having  acted  as  Secretary 
of  the  Commission  up  until  the  time  he  went  into  military  service. 

During  this  period  the  work  done  by  the  Survey  has  been  along  the 
following  lines: 

Legislative  work,  in  which  the  State  Geologist  assisted  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Legislature  of  1917  in  the  preparation  of  county  road  bills 
and  in  drafting  State  road  legislation.  Of  the  latter,  the  following 
are  the  bills  which  were  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  1917: 

(1)  A  State-wide  County  Road  Law. 

(2)  An  Act  Relating  to  the  Use  of  the  Funds  Derived  from  the 
Tax  on  Motor-driven  Vehicles  in  the  Maintenance  of  State  High- 
ways. 

(3)  An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Treatment,  Handling  and  Work  of 
Prisoners. 

In  connection  with  his  work  as  Secretary  of  the  State  Highway 
Commission  and  Secretary  of  the  American  Association  of  State 
Highway  Officials,  the  State  Geologist  assisted  in  various  confer- 
ences at  Washington  in  helping  to  work  out  rules  and  regulations 
for  the  distribution  and  administration  of  the  Federal  aid  road  funds. 

In  cooperation  with  the  State  University  and  the  State  Highway 
Commission,  the  Survey  has  arranged  for  and  conducted  two  Road 
Institutes  at  the  University  at  Chapel  Hill;  the  Fourth  Road  Insti- 
tute being  held  on  February  12-16,  1917,  which  was  attended  by  129 


128  Administrative  Departments. 

men  from  41  counties;  and  the  Fifth  Road  Institute,  which  was  held 
February  19-22.  1918,  with  a  registration  of  124,  representing  47 
counties. 

The  Survey  has  also  cooperated  with  the  State  Good  Roads  Asso- 
ciation in  holding  its  annual  conventions:  in  July,  1917,  at  Asheville, 
and  August.  1918,  at  Wrightsville. 

The  Survey  was  called  upon  by  the  Council  of  National  Defense  at 
Washington  to  prepare  for  transmission  to  the  War  Department,  a 
report  for  North  Carolina  on  "Available  Material  for  Rapid  High- 
way and  Railway  Construction  Behind  the  Front."  This  report 
gave  in  considerable  detail  information  relating  to  the  physiography, 
topography  and  climate  of  the  State;  general  geology  of  North  Caro- 
lina and  its  relation  to  highway  construction;  quarries,  their  location, 
character  of  rock,  capacity  and  availability;  and  a  final  chapter  on 
road  equipment  and  men  available  for  road  work  in  North  Carolina; 
this  latter  chapter  having  been  prepared  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Fallis.  State 
Highway  Engineer.  The  report  was  accompanied  by  maps  showing 
the  location  of  quarries,  location  of  water-powers,  etc. 

The  Survey  has  cooperated  with  the  State  Highway  Commission 
and  the  United  States  Office  of  Public  Roads  and  Rural  Engineering 
in  collecting  statistics  relating  to  the  road  work  in  various  counties 
and  townships  during  1916-1917.  The  assembling  of  such  data  in 
regard  to  the  amount  of  money  being  expended,  cost  of  various  types 
of  road,  mileage  built,  administrative  boards,  etc.,  is  of  considerable 
value  to  the  road  work,  inasmuch  as  it  gives  us  a  basis  on  which  to 
intelligently  plan  for  future  work,  and  brings  us  to  a  realization  of 
the  tremendous  cost  of  the  poor  work  which  has  been  done.  The 
Survey  has  also  carried  on  considerable  educational  work  through 
lectures,  exhibits,  etc. 

During  the  past  two  years  the  Survey  has  issued  the  following 
publications  relating  to  roads: 

Econom  ic   Papers  : 

44.  Highway  Work  in  North  Carolina  during  the  Calendar  Year  ending 
December  31.  1914.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist, 
and    Miss   H.    M.    Berry.    Secretary,    1916. 

The  Fifth  Road  Institute  and  other  Papers  relating  to  Road  Problems.  Ex- 
tension Series  No.  28,  No.  155  of  the  Publications  of  the  University 
of  North   Carolina   Record. 

Numerous  Press   Notices  and   newspaper  articles. 


Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  129 


FORESTRY   DIVISION. 

The  forestry  work  of  the  Survey  is  to  examine,  study/ and  report 
on  the  forest  resources  of  the  State  in  their  relation  to  the  life  and 
activities  of  the  people.  Through  the  action  of  the  1915  Legislature, 
there  has  been  added  the  duty  of  protecting  the  forests  from  fire  and 
of  making  experiments  in  forestry  practice  for  the  benefit  of  the 
people  of  the  State.  Studies  of  the  forest  resources  of  the  various 
counties,  of  the  wood-using  industries  of  the  State,  and  of  various 
other  features  have  been  made.  Many  private  woodland  tracts  have 
been  examined  and  advice  for  their  conservative  management  given 
to  the  owners.  Illustrated  lectures  have  been  given  at  the  public 
schools  and  talks  on  practical  forest  management  made  at  Farmers' 
Institutes  and  on  many  other  occasions. 

The  most  important  work  of  the  Survey  has  been  in  connection 
with  the  prevention  of  forest  fires.  With  the  idea  of  securing  relia- 
ble information  on  the  damage  done  by  fires  and  at  the  same  time 
inttresting  leaders  of  thought  in  each  township  in  fire  prevention, 
annual  inquiries  by  correspondence  have  been  carried  on  for  the 
past  nine  years.  The  results  show  an  average  annual  loss  of  $960,000 
reported  from  about  half  of  the  townships  of  the  State. 

The  Forestry  Law,  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  1915,  provided 
for  the  extinguishment  and  prevention  of  forest  fires  through  the 
employment  of  competent  forest  wardens,  payment  for  fire  fighting, 
and  penalties  for  setting  illegal  fires.  Unfortunately,  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  law  has  been  postponed  owing  to  lack  of  funds.  It  was 
hoped  that  the  last  General  Assembly  would  remedy  that  defect,  but 
the  bill  to  provide  a  small  appropriation  failed  to  become  a  law. 
It  is  believed  that  the  Legislature  of  1919  will  make  necessary  pro- 
vision for  carrying  it  out. 

The  Survey  has,  with  its  own  inadequate  funds,  done  what  was 
possible  to  enforce  many  important  provisions  of  the  Forestry  Law. 
It  has  continued  to  have  printed  and  distributed  posters  warning 
against  fire,  and  has  circulated  copies  of  the  new  law.  A  few  forest 
wardens  have  been  appointed,  where  their  services  could  be  secured 
without  direct  payment,  but  such  arrangement  is  ineffective  and 
unfair,  both  to  the  wardens  and  to  the  public.  No  general  advan- 
tage can  be  taken  of  this  law  until  the  State  can  pay  the  wardens 
adequately  for  all  services  rendered. 

9 


130  Administrative  Departments. 

By  reason  of  the  enactment  of  this  law,  the  State  Geologist  has 
been  enabled  to  secure  from  the  Federal  Government  a  sum  not  ex- 
ceeding $2,000  a  year  for  the  purpose  of  employing  Federal  patrol- 
men under  the  Weeks  Law.  Several  of  these  patrolmen  have  been 
appointed  each  spring  and  fall  to  cooperate  with  organizations  of 
landowners,  such  as  the  Tryon  Forestry  Club,  the  Mt.  Mitchell  Forest 
Protective  Association,  and  the  Linville  Forest  Protective  Associa- 
tion, or  to  cover  a  larger  district  independently,  as  is  intended  by 
the  Federal  Government.  These  men  have  done  good  work,  not  only 
by  actually  preventing  and  extinguishing  fires,  but  by  forming  cen- 
ters of  information  and  activity  which  will  bear  good  fruit  in  the 
future. 

Recently  the  Government  offered  to  appoint  some  patrolmen  to 
cover  entire  counties  or  other  large  districts,  even  though  active 
local  cooperation  was  not  obtained,  with  the  idea  of  assisting  in  an 
educational  campaign  to  interest  the  people  in  forest  protection. 
There  has  been  great  difficulty,  however,  in  securing  suitable  men  for 
this  work,  chiefly  because  of  its  temporary  nature. 

Under  the  law  of  1915  (Chapter  253),  the  General  Assembly  recog- 
nized the  duty  of  the  State  to  experiment  in  and  demonstrate  prac- 
tical methods  of  forestry.  One  of  the  most  pressing  needs  at  the 
present  time  are  experiments  to  determine  the  best  ways  of  reforest- 
ing the  non-agricultural  lands  of  the  different  regions  of  the  State. 
A  start  has  been  made  on  the  State  property  at  Sanatorium  in  the 
sandhill  region  and  on  the  spruce  lands  in  Mitchell  Park,  but  a 
definite  appropriation  is  needed  to  put  these  experiments  on  a  practi- 
cal basis. 

In  order  to  interest  the  people  of  North  Carolina  in  better  forest 
protection  and  to  educate  the  young  people  and  especially  the  chil- 
dren in  a  better  understanding  and  wiser  use  of  our  natural  re- 
sources, the  Survey  has  cooperated  with  a  number  of  organizations 
where  such  cooperation  would  help.  A  third  Arbor  and  Bird  Day 
manual  was  prepared  by  the  State  Forester  in  cooperation  with  the 
Department  of  Conservation  of  the  State  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs.  A  double  edition  of  this  was  printed  by  the  State  Department 
of  Education,  half  of  which  was  distributed  to  the  schools  in  the  fall 
of  1917,  and  the  other  half  in  the  fall  of  1918.  Much  of  our  most 
effective  work  in  education  has  been  accomplished  through  the  Con- 
servation Department  of  the  State  Federation. 


Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  131 

Following  the  purchase  of  Mitchell  State  Park  by  a  Corumission 
appointed  by  Governor  Craig,  under  the  authority  of  the  Legislature 
of  1915,  which  Commission  secured  500  acres  of  spruce  land,  includ- 
ing the  summit  of  Mt.  Mitchell,  Governor  Bickett,  in  the  summer  of 

1917,  requested  the  Survey  to  take  charge  of  this  park.  A  forest 
warden  was  appointed  to  open  up  trails,  inform  and  look  after  the 
large  number  of  visitors,  and  protect  the  park  from  fire.  As  this 
work  was  essential  to  the  proper  administration  of  the  property,  it 
was  fortunate  that  a  small  fund  derived  from  the  sale  of  dead  timber 
was  available  to  pay  the  salary  of  this  warden.  This  fund  is  now 
nearly  exhausted,  so  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  Legislature  to  pro- 
vide for  the  future  administration  of  the  park. 

Realizing  that  the  greater  part  of  the  forest  area  of  North  Carolina 
is  included  in  farms,  the  Survey  has  devoted  a  great  deal  of  atten- 
tion to  the  study  of  farm  forestry  and  the  assistance  of  farmers  in 
the  better  management  of  their  woodlands.  Following  the  reiterated 
recommendation  of  the  Survey,  the  State  Director  of  the  Agricultural 
Extension  Service  appointed  a  Farm  Forestry  Specialist  in  March, 

1918.  Through  a  mutual  arrangement  between  the  Survey,  the  Fed- 
eral Government,  and  the  State  Agricultural  Department,  this  man 
is  to  work  under  the  joint  direction  of  the  State  Forester,  the  Direc- 
tor of  Extension,  and  the  United  States  Forest  Service.  He  will  deal 
with  all  forestry  questions  connected  with  the  woodlands  included  in 
the  farms  of  the  State. 

The  Survey  has  assisted  the  North  Carolina  Forestry  Association 
very  materially  by  helping  to  organize  and  hold  its  annual  meetings, 
which,  besides  their  interest  for  the  delegates  who  attend,  have  a 
wide  influence  on  public  opinion  throughout  the  State. 

The  Forestry  Division  of  the  Survey  has  before  it  a  large  and 
increasing  field  of  usefulness.  Reconstruction  following  the  war 
must  take  into  consideration  the  adjustment  of  supply  and  demand 
as  regards  our  forest  resources.  The  study  of  the  timber  conditions 
of  the  various  counties,  which,  up  to  the  present,  included  all  the 
mountain  and  piedmont  counties,  must  be  extended  to  the  coastal 
plain  counties,  to  which  our  returning  soldiers  are  now  invited  to 
come  and  settle. 

The  children  of  our  schools  and  students  of  our  colleges  should 
understand  the  problems  with  which  they  will  eventually  have  to 
deal.     The  Survey  must  continue  to  furnish  speakers,  publications, 


132  Administrative  Departments. 

articles  for  the  press,  and  other  information,  and  be  ready  at  all 
times  to  assist  its  citizens  and  those  who  would  become  so  in  the 
forestry  problems  confronting  them.  Experiments  must  be  con- 
ducted in  order  to  have  definite  and  practical  information  available; 
and,  for  these,  the  State  should  have  at  least  one  Experiment  Forest 
in  each  of  the  forest  regions.  The  planting  of  trees  along  our  im- 
proved highways  will  become  an  important  public  activity,  and 
State  nurseries  should  be  maintained  to  furnish  at  cost  planting 
stock  both  for  shade  trees  and  for  farm  planting.  The  protection  of 
the  forest  lands  of  the  State  from  fire,  authorized  by  the  law  of  1915, 
must  be  carried  out  with  efficiency  and  economy.  For  these  purposes 
a  suitable  appropriation  should  be  made  by  the  next  General  As- 
sembly. 

During  the  past  two  years  the  Survey  has  prepared  and  distributed 
the  following  publications  relating  to  forestry: 

Economic  Papers: 

48.  Forest  Fires  in  North  Carolina  during  1915,  1916  and  1917,  and  Present 
Status  of  Forest  Fire  Prevention  in  North  Carolina,  by  J.  S.  Holmes, 
State  Forester,  1918. 

Press  Bulletins  Relating  to  Forestry  : 

156.  The  Ash  in  North  Carolina,   January   10,    1917.      8   pages. 

157.  Farm   Forestry,    April    6,    1917.      6   pages. 

160.  Cordwood  for  Fuel,   January  30,    1918.      8   pages. 

161.  Maple  Syrup  and  Sugar  Making  As  a  Farm  Activity,  January  30,  1918. 

4  pages. 

162.  Roadside  Trees  in  North  Carolina,  April  10,   1918.      8  pages. 

164.  Timber  Resources  of  Stanly  County,  October  28,  1918.      5  pages. 

165.  Timber  Resources  of  Anson  County. 

166.  Timber  Resources  of  Montgomery   County. 

167.  Timber    Resources    of    Richmond    County, 
Special  Publications  : 

Report  of  the  Seventh  Annual  Convention  of  the  North  Carolina  Forestry 
Association,  held  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  January  24-25,  1917.  Published 
by  North  Carolina  Forestry  Association. 

DRAINAGE   WORK. 

One  of  the  undertakings  of  the  North  Carolina  Geological  and 
Economic  Survey  has  been  the  promotion  of  the  reclamation  of  the 
swamp  lands  of  the  coastal  plain  region  and  the  overflowed  regions 


Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  133 

of  piedmont  and  western  North  Carolina  through  drainage.  The 
object  of  this  reclamation  is  three-fold:  First,  to  increase  the  health- 
fulness  of  the  section  of  country  in  which  the  swamp  or  overflowed 
areas  exist;  second,  to  make  an  unproducing  area  productive,  thus 
increasing  the  revenue  of  the  commonwealth;  and,  third,  to  facili- 
tate intercourse  between  communities  adjacent  to  these  swamp  areas 
through  the  construction  of  good  roads,  which  always  follow  the 
drainage  of  any  swamp  area. 

The  work  of  the  Survey  in  this  connection  has  consisted  of: 
Helping  to  organize  and  foster  the  work  of  the  North  Carolina  Drain- 
age Association,  which  has  been  largely  instrumental  in  drafting  and 
securing  the  passage  of  the  North  Carolina  Drainage  Law  by  the 
Legislature  of  1909,  together  with  amendments  by  successive  Legis- 
latures; approving  the  appointment  of  drainage  engineers  and  the 
expenditures  on  preliminary  examinations  of  drainage  districts; 
publishing  and  distributing  circulars  giving  the  briefs  and  decisions 
regarding  cases  taken  to  the  Supreme  Court  for  ultimate  decision  on 
points  affecting  the  workings  of  the  drainage  district;  publishing 
the  drainage  law  with  subsequent  amendments;  and  a  set  of  forms 
for  the  organization  of  drainage  districts. 

The  Survey  has  cooperated  with  the  North  Carolina  Drainage 
Association  in  holding  annual  conventions  for  the  discussion  of 
drainage  problems  by  experts,  and  the  exchange  of  experiences  and 
ideas  by  those  actually  engaged  in  drainage  work.  At  the  last  of 
these  conventions,  held  in  1916,  a  tile  drainage  contest  was  inaugu- 
rated among  corn-club  boys  and  farmers  which  has  awakened  con- 
siderable interest  in  the  installation  and  benefits  to  be  derived  from 
tile  drainage.  A  similar  contest  was  conducted  by  the  officers  of  the 
Association  in  the  fall  of  1917  with  very  gratifying  results. 

While  there  has  not  been  as  much  district  drainage  work  carried 
on  in  this  State  during  the  past  two  years  as  in  former  years,  due 
to  unsettled  labor  and  financial  conditions,  there  is  still  a  great  deal 
of  interest  in  the  State  at  the  present  time  in  drainage,  particularly 
in  tile  drainage. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  has  conceived  the  plan  of  utilizing 
certain  of  these  swamp  areas  for  homesteading  returning  soldiers 
and  sailors,  and  the  Survey  has  been  in  conference  with  the  Recla- 
mation Service  in  regard  to  working  out  a  plan  for  developing  such 
an  area  in  eastern  North  Carolina. 


134  Administrative  Departments. 

The  following  publications  have  been  issued  during  the  past  two 
years  regarding  drainage: 

Economic  Papers : 

45.  Proceedings  of  the  Eighth  Annual  Drainage  Convention,  held  under  the 
auspices  of  the  North  Carolina  Drainage  Association  and  the  North 
Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey,  Belhaven,  N.  C  November 
29,  30  and  December  1,  1915.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State 
Geologist,  and  Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary. 
47.  Proceedings  of  the  Ninth  Annual  Drainage  Convention  of  the  North 
Carolina  Drainage  Association,  held  at  Greensboro,  N.  C,  November 
22-23,  1916.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  and 
Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary. 

Press  Bulletins : 

154.  Decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  Regarding  the  North  Carolina  Drainage 

Law,  May  16,   1916.      19  pages. 

155.  Decision  of  Supreme  Court  Relating  to  Drainage  Work,   September  15, 

1916.      28  pages. 
158.     Amendments  to  the  Drainage   Law   by   the   General   Assembly   of   1917. 
April  10,    1917.      18   pages. 

FISHING  INDUSTRIES. 

While  the  former  work  done  by  the  Geological  Survey  in  connec- 
tion with  the  fisheries  has  been  transferred  to  the  State  Fisheries 
Commission,  the  Survey  is  still  doing  everything  in  its  power  to 
further  the  work  of  this  Commission.  The  Survey  has  been  inter- 
ested in  stimulating  the  use  of  fish  and  oysters  as  a  food  and  as  a 
means  for  reducing  the  cost  of  living  and  adding  very  materially  to 
our  food  supply  during  the  recent  national  emergency. 

Through  a  series  of  experiments  it  has  been  ascertained  that  cer- 
tain shellfish,  such  as  the  oyster,  clam,  diamond-back  terrapin,  etc., 
can  be  economically  cultivated  in  North  Carolina  waters;  and.  as  a 
result  of  this  investigation,  a  company  has  been  organized  in  Beau- 
fort for  raising  the  diamond-back  terrapin  commercially.  During 
1917  this  company  reported  a  hatch  of  approximately  25,000  terra- 
pins during  this  season.  There  is  also  great  possibility  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  oyster,  and  with  the  proper  State  protection  of  the 
oyster  grounds,   this  should  grow  into  a  flourishing  industry. 

MAPPING. 

Owing  to  lack  of  appropriation,  the  State  Survey  has  not  been  able 
to    carry    on    any    topographic    mapping    in    cooperation    with    the 


Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  135 

United  States  Geological  Survey.  In  this  the  State  is  the  loser, 
because  there  is  such  a  fund  which  has  to  be  met  by  an  equal 
amount  on  the  part  of  the  State,  if  the  State  is  to  receive  the  bene- 
fits from  it.  These  topographic  maps  are  of  tremendous  value  to 
the  State  in  connection  with  its  geological,  highway,  drainage,  for- 
estry, water-powers,  and  agricultural  work;  and  they  are  of  inesti- 
mable value  to  engineers  engaged  in  various  lines  of  engineering 
work  throughout  the  State.  They  are  of  vital  necessity  in  defense 
work  in  time  of  war.  The  State  could  well  afford  to  spend  $10,000 
a  year  on  this  work  until  the  whole  State  is  covered  by  these  topo- 
graphic maps. 

WATER-POWERS. 

Closely  akin  to  the  forests  in  their  abundance,  importance  and 
methods  of  conservation  are  the  water-powers  of  the  State.  It  has 
been  estimated  that  we  have  available  about  450,000  horsepower, 
and  in  1916  it  was  estimated  that  approximately  223,000  horse- 
power have  been  developed,  so  that  practically  half  of  the  State's 
available  water-powers  arfe  now  under  harness. 

Water-powers  cannot  well  be  utilized  beyond  their  minimum 
capacity  without  auxiliary  power.  The  problem  with  companies  is 
to  raise  the  maximum  flow  during  the  two  or  three  summer  months. 
This  may  be  done  by  building  impounding  reservoirs  or  improving 
the  land-covers  of  the  watersheds.  An  unburned  forest  cover  pre- 
vents erosion  and  regulates  the  flow  of  streams,  making  them  higher 
in  dry  weather  and  lower  in  flood  times.  It  will  then  be  seen  that 
the  conservation  of  water-powers  involves  the  prevention  of  forest 
fires. 

As  the  water-powers  constitute  one  of  our  chief  sources  of  wealth, 
the  State  could  well  afford  to  employ,  in  connection  with  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  work,  a  hydrographic  engineer  to  assist  in  the  best 
utilization  and  conservation  of  our  available  water-powers. 

HOW  THE  SURVEY  COULD  SERVE  THE  STATE. 

It  is  believed  that  the  State  Geological  and  Economic  Survey 
could  render  the  State  very  effective  and  much  needed  service  along 
the  following  lines  with  the  expenditures  as  estimated  below: 

(1)  For  the  inauguration  of  a  system  of  forest  fire  patrol,  which 
should  save  the  State  at  least  $500,000  per  year  in  the  prevention  of 
forest  fires— $10,000  per  annum. 


136  Administrative  Departments. 

(2)  For  topographic  and  traverse  mapping  (such  maps  being  of 
great  service  in  all  geological,  road,  forestry,  drainage,  hydrographic, 
and  agricultural  work),  to  be  carried  out  in  cooperation  with  the 
Federal  Survey — $10,000  per  annum. 

(3)  For  carrying  out  experiments  in  reforesting  devastated  and 
unproductive  areas  (of  which  there  are  vast  areas  in  North  Carolina) 
and  furnishing  assistance  to  farmers  in  tree-planting  and  coopera- 
tion with  highway  authorities  in  roadside  tree-planting — $5,000  per 
annum. 

(4)  For  the  employment  and  expenses  of  a  drainage  engineer  for 
work  in  connection  with  the  reclamation  and  development  of  swamp 
and  overflowed  lands  of  the  State — $5,000  per  annum. 

(5)  For  the  employment  and  maintenance  of  a  hydrographic  engi- 
neer for  work  in  connection  with  the  development  and  conservation 
of  our  water-powers,  one  of  our  chief  sources  of  wealth — $5,000  per 
annum. 

GEOLOGICAL   BOARD. 

Governor  T.  W.  Bickett,  ex  officio  Chairman.  .Franklin. 

F.  R.  Hewitt  Buncombe. 

John  Spkunt  Hill Durham. 

C.  C.  Smoot,  III Wilkes. 

R.  G.  Lassiter Granville. 


STATE  HIGHWAY  COMMISSION. 

W.  S.  Fallis,  State  Highway  Engineer,  Raleigh. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1915,  Chapter  113,  there  was 
created  a  North  Carolina  State  Highway  Commission.  The  duties 
of  this  Commission  are  to  assist  the  counties  in  developing  a  State 
and  county  system  of  highways. 

The  State  Highway  Commission  consists  of  the  Governor,  three 
citizens  of  the  State  who  are  appointed  by  the  Governor — one  from 
the  eastern,  one  from  the  central,  and  one  from  the  western  portion 
of  the  State,  one  of  whom  shall  be  a  member  of  the  minority  political 
party — the  State  Geologist,  a  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering  of  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  and  a  Professor  of  the  North  Carolina 
State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering,  said  professors  to  be 
designated  by  the  Governor.  Such  assistants  and  clerks  as  may  be 
needed  are  to  be  appointed  by  the  State  Highway  Engineer. 


State  Highway  Commission.  137 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Commission  was  held  March  31,  1915,  at 
which  time  the  Commission  was  fully  organized  and  a  discussion 
entered  into  as  to  the  law  and  future  work  of  the  Commission. 

The  work  of  the  Commission  ranges  from  advice  and  cooperation 
to  taking  complete  charge  of  engineering  work  in  the  different  coun- 
ties and  townships  of  the  State.  The  Commission  has  constructed 
concrete  and  steel  bridges  at  a  number  of  places  and  the  records 
show  the  value  of  this  work  to  the  State  to  exceed  in  money  saved 
(in  less  than  five  counties)  more  than  the  State's  entire  appropria- 
tion for  the  use  of  the  Commission  for  the  two  years  the  Commission 
has  been  at  work. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  Commission  it  has  worked  out  for 
the  counties  many  methods  by  which  the  road  work  can  be  done 
more  economically  and  successfully  than  heretofore.  The  State 
Highway  Engineer  has  arranged  with  the  different  railroads  for  a 
special  low  rate  on  road  material,  which  arrangement  has  to  come 
through  the  State  Highway  Commission,  and  this  is  proving  of  value 
in  much  of  the  road  work  in  the  State. 

The  Federal  Aid  Road  Fund  will  come  through  the  State  Highway 
Commission,  and  the  Commission  is  now  having  surveys  made  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1917.  The  approximate  amount  for 
the  year  1918  is  $228,763.84;  for  1919,  $343,145.76;  for  1920,  457,- 
527.68;  and  for  1921  the  sum  of  $571,909.60,  making  a  total  of  $1,- 
715,728.80  for  the  five-year  period  for  which  Federal  aid  is  available. 

The  Federal  aid  used  in  the  State  during  the  past  year  had  been 
the  result  of  a  great  advance  in  road  construction  and  proposed  road 
construction.  Plans  and  surveys  have  been  prepared  for  consider- 
ably over  a  million  dollars  for  roads  to  be  built  in  cooperation  with 
the  Federal  Government.  The  State's  standing  in  Federal  aid  work 
is  fifth  of  all  the  States  in  the  United  States,  both  on  an  average  and 
for  the  following  activities:  Number  of  project  statements  submit- 
ted; number  of  project  statements  approved;  number  of  contracts 
between  the  State  and  Government;  number  of  miles  proposed  to  be 
improved;  amount  of  money  received  by  the  State  and  percentage 
of  amount  approved  for  payment  to  the  State  by  the  Federal  De- 
partment. 

The  maintenance,  under  the  Automobile  License  Tax,  has  been 
fairly  satisfactory.  In  organization  and  execution,  this,  as  well  as 
construction  work,  has  been  very  much  hampered  by  war  conditions, 
the  influenza  epidemic,  and  high  prices,  and  the  scarcity  of  labor 


138  Administrative  Departments. 

and  material.  In  spite  of  this,  however,  the  general  condition  of 
the  roads  comprising  the  State  Highway  System  on  which  State 
maintenance  is  being  carried  out,  the  roads  are  in  better  condition 
as  a  whole  than  they  ever  have  been  in  the  history  of  the  State. 

The  cooperation  of  the  counties,  in  a  general  way,  has  been  very 
satisfactory.  There  is,  of  course,  a  great  deal  yet  to  be  desired 
before  we  are  fully  satisfied  with  the  organization  and  results. 
Equipment,  of  course,  has  not  yet  been  secured  to  a  satisfactory 
extent.  The  men  operating  and  handling  the  patrol  gang  in  each 
county  need  a  great  deal  of  training  to  make  them  efficient.  The 
scarcity  of  labor  and  material  has  been  a  decided  handicap  in  this 
work.  We  feel  sure,  however,  from  the  results  obtained  under  such 
adverse  conditions  that  the  system  is  going  to  result  eventually  in 
giving  our  State  a  decided  advantage  over  the  surrounding  States 
whose  maintenance  work  is  not  systematized  and  carried  out  as  will 
be  the  case  under  this  organization. 

COMMISSION. 

T.  W.  Bickett,  ex  officio  Chairman. 

Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  Secretary. 
Benehan  Cameron.  T.  P.  Hickerson. 

E.  C.  Duncan.  W.  C.  Riddick. 

Guy  V.  Roberts. 


FISHERIES  C03DIISSION  BOARD. 

The  Fisheries  Commission  Board  was  created  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  1915  for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  the  laws  relating 
to  fish.  It  consists  of  five  members  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
at  least  three  of  whom  must  be  from  the  several  fishing  districts  of 
the  State,  and  have  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  fishing  industry. 
The  Board  appoints  a  fisheries  commissioner  who  is  responsible  to 
it  for  carrying  out  the  duties  of  his  office.  The  term  of  his  office 
is  four  years.  He  is  authorized  to  appoint  two  assistants  by  and 
with  the  consent  of  the  Fisheries  Commission  Board.  •  He  also 
appoints,  with  the  approval  of  the  Board,  inspectors  in  each  county, 
under  his  jurisdiction.  The  Fisheries  Commission  Board  is  given 
jurisdiction  over  and  control  of  all  the  fisheries  of  the  State,  which 
is  construed  by  the  act  creating  the  Board  to  include  porpoises  and 


State  Board  of  Elections.  139 

other  marine  mammals,  fishes,  mollusca  and  crustaceans,  and  all 
operations  involved  in  using,  setting,  or  operating  apparatus  em- 
ployed in  killing  or  taking  said  fish  or  in  transporting  or  preparing 
them  for  market.  The  Board  also  has  authority  and  power  to  regu- 
late, prohibit,  or  restrict  in  time,  place,  character,  and  dimensions 
the  use  of  nets,  appliances,  apparatus,  or  other  means  employed  in 
taking  or  killing  fish,  and  to  regulate  seasons  at  which  the  various 
species  of  fish  may  be  taken  in  the  several  waters  of  the  State,  and 
to  prescribe  the  minimum  size  of  fish  which  may  be  taken.  It  has 
general  supervision  of  the  acts  of  its  officers  and  employees.  The 
Fisheries  Commissioner  is  responsible  to  the  Board  for  his  acts  in 
carrying  out  and  enforcing  all  the  laws,  rules,  and  regulations  of 
the  Board  pertaining  to  the  fishing  industry  in  the  State.  He  must 
also  see  that  all  licenses  and  other  taxes  are  collected  and  paid  to 
the  Treasurer. 

The  State  owns  four  boats,  and  in  July,  1917,  the  Fisheries  Board, 
through  its  Commissioner  made  a  contract  with  the  United  States 
Navy  Department,  permitting  it  to  use  these  boats,  the  Department 
agreeing  to  enlist  and  pay  the  crews,  and  certain  other  expenses. 
These  boats  and  crews  were  to  do  certain  work  for  the  United 
States  Government  and  at  the  same  time  do  the  required  work  for 
the  State  in  the  fishing  industry.  Except  in  cases  of  extreme  emer- 
gency they  operate  under  the  orders  and  directions  of  the  Fisheries 
Commission.  This  was  an  opportunity  for  the  State  to  perform  a 
patriotic  duty  to  the  government  and  at  the  same  time  carry  on  the 
work  of  the  fishing  industry  practically  without  interruption. 

MEMBERS   OF   THE   FISHERIES    COMMISSION    BOARD. 

En.  Chambers  Smith,  Chairman Raleigh 

A.  V.  Cobb  Windsor. 

S.  P.  Hancock  Beaufort. 

E.  H.  Freeman   Wilmington. 

T.  F.  Winslow   Hertford. 

H.  L.  Gibbs,  Fisheries  Commissioner Oriental. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  ELECTIONS. 

The  State  Board  of  Elections  consists  of  five  electors  appointed  by 
the  Governor  for  a  term  of  two  years.  Not  more  than  three  of  them 
may  be  of  the   same  political   party.     Vacancies   occurring   in   the 


140  Administrative  Departments. 

Board  are  filled  by  the  Governor.  Members  of  the  State  Hoard  of 
Elections  receive,  in  full  compensation  for  their  services,  $4  per  day 
for  the  time  they  are  actually  engaged  in  the  discharge  of  their 
duties  together  with  their  actual  traveling  expenses,  and  such  other 
expenses  as  are  necessary  and  incident  to  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
imposed  upon  them  relating  to  elections. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  BOARD. 

Wilson  G.  Lamb,  Chairman Williamston. 

R.  T.  Claywell,  Secretary Morganton. 

J.  W.  Pass  Yadkinville. 

A.  B.  Freeman  Hendersonville. 

Clarence  Call  Wilkesboro. 


STATE  STANDARD  KEEPER. 

The  State  Standard  Keeper  is  appointed  by  the  Governor  to  take 
care  of  the  balances,  weights,  and  measures  prescribed  by  law,  and 
perform  such  other  duties  as  the  Governor  may  prescribe  touching 
said  balances,  weights,  and  measures.  It  is  his  duty  to  procure  and 
furnish,  at  prime  cost,  to  any  of  the  counties,  upon  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  County  Commissioners,  any  of  the  standard  sealed  weights 
and  measures  required  by  law  to  be  kept,  and  he  is  authorized,  by 
and  with  the  approval  of  the  Governor,  to  contract  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  plain  sealed  weights  substantially  made  of  iron,  steel  or 
brass,  as  the  county  ordering  may  direct;  yardstick  made  of  sub- 
stantial wood,  each  end  neatly  covered  with  metal,  sealed,  marked 
and  stamped  "N.  C";  half  bushel,  peck,  half  peck,  quarter  peck,  and 
one  eighth  peck,  made  of  substantial,  well-seasoned  wood,  with  se- 
cure metallic  binding  and  casing;  gallon,  half  gallon,  quart,  pint, 
half  pint,  and  gill  measure,  made  of  light  sheet  copper  with  iron 
handles.  He  must  procure  and  furnish,  as  herein  provided,  to  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  of  any  county  ordering  the  same,  dry  and 
liquid  sealed  measures  and  yardstick  made  of  brass  or  copper. 

State  Standard  Keeper,  T.  F.  Brockwell.  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina.  141 


FIREMEN'S  RELIEF  FUND. 

The  State  of  North  Carolina  pays  $2,500  a  year  to  the  North  Caro- 
lina State  Volunteer  Firemen's  Association  and  to  the  North  Caro- 
lina State  Firemen's  Association,  which  fund  is  known  as  the  Fire- 
men's Relief  Fund. 

The  purpose  of  the  fund  is  for  the  relief  of  firemen,  members  of 
such  associations,  who  may  be  injured  or  made  sick  by  disease  con- 
tracted in  the  actual  discharge  of  duty  as  firemen,  and  for  the  relief 
of  widows,  children  or  dependent  mothers  of  such  firemen  who  may 
be  killed  or  die  from  disease  contracted  in  the  discharge  of  their 
duty.  Such  duty  must  be  performed  in  the  service  of  the  fire  de- 
partment from  the  time  of  the  fire  alarm  until  the  members  are 
dismissed  by  the  company  officers  at  roll  call,  or  in  service  connected 
with  the  fire  department  which  is  directed  to  be  performed  by  the 
officer  in  charge. 

Any  fireman  of  good,  moral  character  in  North  Carolina,  and  be- 
longing to  an  organized  fire  company,  who  will  comply  with  the 
requisitions  of  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of  the  North  Carolina 
State  Firemen's  Association  may  become  a  member  of  this  Associa- 
tion, and  be  eligible  to  relief  from  this  fund. 


THE  AUDUBON  SOCIETY  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Miss  Placide  H.  Underwood,  Raleigh.  Secretary. 

The  Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina  was  incorporated  in  1903, 
with  J.  Y.  Joyner,  T.  Gilbert  Pearson,  R.  H.  Lewis,  A.  H.  Boyden, 
H.  H.  Brimley.  P.  D.  Gold,  Jr.,  J.  F.  Jordan,  and  R.  N.  Wilson  as 
incorporators.     (Rev.  1905,  Sec.  1862.) 

The  officers  of  The  Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina  are  a  Presi- 
dent, Vice-President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and  such  other  officers 
as  may  be  fixed  by  the  by-laws.     (Rev.  1905,  Sec.  1863.) 

The  objects  for  which  the  corporation  is  formed  are  to  promote 
among  the  citizens  of  North  Carolina  a  better  appreciation  of  the 
value  of  the  song  and  insectivorous  birds  to  man  and  the  State;  to 
encourage  parents  and  teachers  to  give  instruction  to  children  on 
the  subject;   to  stimulate  public  sentiment  against  the  destruction 


142  Administrative  Depabtments. 

of  wild  birds  and  their  eggs;  to  secure  the  enactment  and  the  en- 
forcement of  proper  and  necessary  laws  for  the  protection  and 
preservation  of  the  birds  and  game  of  North  Carolina.  Its  further 
office  is,  through  the  appointment  of  game  wardens,  to  rigidly  en- 
force the  laws  for  game  and  bird  protection. 

The  funds  received  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  State  from  the  license 
tax  on  nonresident  hunters  constitutes  a  fund  known  as  the  Bird 
and  Game  Fund.  This  fund  is  paid  out  by  the  Treasurer  of  the 
State  on  the  order  of  the  Treasurer  of  The  Audubon  Society  of 
North  Carolina,  who  makes  an  annual  report  to  the  Governor  of  the 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  society  for  each  year.^ 

The  Governor,  upon  the  recommendation  of  The  Audubon  Society, 
appoints  bird  and  game  wardens  and  the  Treasurer  of  the  Society, 
whose  terms  of  office,  unless  otherwise  provided  for,  are  during  good 
behavior,  or  until  their  successors  are  appointed.  The  Governor 
issues  to  the  Treasurer  of  The  Audubon  Society  and  to  each  person 
appointed  as  warden,  a  commission.  These  commissions  are  trans- 
mitted to  the  clerk's  office  of  the  Superior  Court  for  the  county  from 
which  the  prospective  treasurer  or  bird  and  game  warden  is  ap- 
pointed. 

Every  person  appointed  as  game  warden,  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  the  office,  is  required  to  take  oath  before  the  cierk  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides  that  he  will  faith- 
fully perform  the  duties  of  said  office,  and  execute  a  bond  in  the  sum 
of  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties. 

The  compensation  of  wardens  is  fixed  and  paid  by  the  society. 
There  are  thirty-three  counties  of  the  State  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  The  Audubon  Society  and  there  are  sixty-one  game  wardens  in 
the  various  counties,  each  county  having  one  or  more  wardens. 

Any  nonresident  of  the  State  who  desires  to  hunt  in  any  of  the 
counties  under  the  jurisdiction  of  The  Audubon  Society  is  required 
to  make  application  to  the  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  of  any  of 
the  counties  under  Audubon  control,  and  the  clerk  of  the  Court 
issues  such  license  upon  the  payment  of  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  and 
clerk's  fee.  A  nonresident  hunting  license  issued  by  the  clerk  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  any  one  of  the  counties  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  The  Audubon  Society  is  valid  in  all  the  Audubon  counties,  while 
a  nonresident  hunting  license  issued  in  a  county  not  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  The  Audubon  Society  can  be  used  only  in  the  county 
in  which  it  is  issued. 


Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina. 


143 


In  1909  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  passed  an  act 
withdrawing  certain  counties  from  Audubon  protection.  Subsequent 
to  1909  other  counties  have  been  withdrawn,  so  that  at  the  present 
time  there  are  only  thirty-three  counties  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
The  Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina.  The  following  counties 
are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  The  Audubon  Society: 


Alamance 

Alleghany 

Ashe 

Avery 

Bladen 

Brunswick 

Buncombe 

Burke 

Caldwell 

Chatham 

Columbus 


Cumberland 

Durham 

Edgecombe 

Greene 

Haywood 

Iredell 

Lee 

Lenoir 

McDowell 

Mecklenburg 

Moore 


New  Hanover 

Northampton 

Orange 

Person 

Rockingham 

Rowan 

Rutherford 

Surry 

Wake 

Watauga 

Yancey 


In  its  efforts  towards  education.  The  Audubon  Society  has  expended 
part  of  its  funds  towards  the  publication  of  a  book  on  North  Carolina 
birds.  The  Society  has  had  prepared  and  has  had  paid  for  the  plates 
presenting  pictures  of  bird  life  in  North  Carolina.  Owing  to  the 
fire  which  destroyed  the  printing  establishment  of  E.  M.  Uzzell  & 
Company,  the  publication  of  this  book  on  North  Carolina  birds  has 
been  delayed. 

The  Audubon  Society  owns  two  small  islands  in  Pamlico  Sound 
which  are  patrolled  by  a  game  warden  during  the  nesting  season. 
These  islands  are  Leggett  Lump  and  Royal  Shoal. 

In  an  attempt  to  increase  a  state-wide  interest  in  bird  and  game 
conservation,  the  secretaries  of  the  Society  have  given  illustrated 
bird  lectures  and  talked  on  bird  study  to  Teacher's  Institutes,  Com- 
munity Clubs,  Women's  Clubs  and  to  many  of  the  schools  in  the 
State,  and  a  great  many  Junior  Audubon  Societies  have  been  organ- 
ized and  several  schools  and  clubs  have  held  "Bird  Days"  as  a  result 
of  this  work. 

A  bill  providing  for  the  enactment  of  a  state-wide  game  commis- 
sion to  take  over  the  work  of  The  Audubon  Society  was  introduced 
into  the  Senate  by  Senator  Kelly,  Chairman  of  the  Senate  Committee 
on  Game  at  the  last  session  of  the  General  Assembly  (1917).  This 
bill,  amended  several  times  so  as  to  exempt  certain  counties  from 
its  provisions,  passed  its  first  reading.  On  its  second  reading,  there 
were  so  many  amendments  offered  that  the  bill  was  referred  to  the 


144  Administrative  Departments. 

committee.  The  committee  stripped  the  bill  of  all  amendments  and 
reported  it  back  to  the  Senate  with  a  substitute  amendment.  When 
the  bill  came  up  for  passage,  however,  there  were  several  more 
amendments  offered  and  a  parliamentary  wrangle  followed,  during 
which  the  bill  was  tabled.  It  was  then  so  near  the  end  of  the  session 
of  the  General  Asembly  that  there  was  not  sufficient  time  to  take 
the  matter  up  in  the  House  and  the  matter  was  dropped. 

When  The  Audubon  Society  was  organized  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary was  at  Greensboro,  N.  C,  Mr.  T.  Gilbert  Pearson,  now  Secre- 
tary of  The  National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies,  being  Sec- 
retary. In  1913,  upon  the  election  of  Mr.  James  W.  Cheshire,  Sec- 
retary, the  office  was  moved  to  Raleigh,  N.  C.,  and  since  that  time 
the  work  of  the  Society  has  been  carried  on  by  the  various  secre- 
taries in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Officers  of  The  Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina: 

OFFICERS. 

Dr.  R.  H.  Lewis,  President Raleigh. 

H.  H.  Brimley,   Vice-President Raleigh. 

P.  H.  Underwood,  Secretary Raleigh. 

R.  A.  Brown,   Treasurer Raleigh. 

board  of  directors. 

Rev.  Melton  W.  Clark : Greensboro. 

Brook  G.  Empie Wilmington. 

B.  F.  Siielton  Speed. 

W.  H.  Swift   .Greensboro. 

Franklin  Sherman,  Jr Raleigh. 

secretaries. 

T.  Gilbert  Pearson    1903-1911. 

P.  D.  Gold,  Jr Nov.  22.  1912-June  1,  1913. 

J.  W.  Cheshire June  1,  1913-Mar.  20,  1915. 

R.  E.  Parker June  1,  1915-Juhe  1,  1917. 

G.  A.  Martin June  1.  1917-Oct.  10,  1917. 

Miss  Placide  H.  Underwood Oct.  10,  1917. 


State  Educational  Commission.  145 

STATE  EDUCATIONAL  COMMISSION. 

Robert  H.  Wright,  Chairman,  Greenville,  N.  C. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1917,  chapter  197,  there  was 
created  a  State  Educational  Commission  of  five  members  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  for  the  term  of  office  of  two  years.  "It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  commission  to  make  a  thorough  study 
of  the  school  laws  of  the  entire  public  school  system  of  the  State,  a 
careful  survey  of  existing  educational  conditions  and  a  comparative 
study  and  investigation  of  the  educational  systems  of  other  states. 
Said  Commission  shall  codify  the  public  school  laws  of  the  State 
and  make  recommendations  of  such  amendments,  changes,  and  addi- 
tions to  the  school  law  as  in  its  opinion  may  be  needed."'  The  com- 
mission shall  also  investigate  the  methods  and  cost  of  supplying 
text  books  to  the  public  schools  and  also  the  advisability  of  estab- 
lishing a  printing  plant  for  the  purpose  of  printing  text-books  and 
doing  other  State  printing,  and  shall  investigate  the  matter  of  public 
school  teachers  pensions  and  report  its  finding  and  recommendations 
to  the  General  Assembly. 

The  Governor  named  the  commission  in  December,  1917,  and  called 
the  members  together  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  said  commission 
March  6,  1918.    The  commission  consists  of: 

Robert  H.  Wright,  Chairman,  Greenville,  N.  C. 
E.  C.  Brooks,  Vice-Chairman,  Durham,  N.  C. 
L.  J.  Bell,  Secretary,  Rockingham,  N.  C. 
C.  C.  Wright,  Hunting  Creek,  N.  C. 
Chas.  E.  Brewer,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

At  the  first  meeting  held  March  6,  1918,  the  commission  was  fully 
organized  and  proceeded  at  once  to  outline  the  work  to  be  done  and 
appointed  different  members  to  gather  data.  The  commission  met 
June  20,  October  16,  and  December  17,  and  will  make  a  partial  re- 
port to  the  General  Assembly  of  1919. 

The  appropriation  made  for  this  work  by  the  General  Assembly 
of  1917  is  $1,000. 


10 


146  Administrative  Departments. 


COMMISSION  FOR  REVISION  OF  LAWS. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1917  created  a  joint  committee  of  five 
members,  two  from  the  Senate  and  three  from  the  House  to  provide 
for  "compiling,  collating  and  revising  the  Public  Statutes  of  North 
Carolina."  The  committee  as  appointed  and  organized  consists  of 
Representative  Harry  W.  Stubbs,  Chairman;  Senators  Lindsay  C. 
Warren  and  Stahle  Linn  and  Representatives  Carter  Dalton  and 
H.  P.  Grier.  Under  the  powers  conferred  in  the  act,  the  committee 
appointed  Mr.  Thomas  H.  Calvert,  as  revision  commissioner  to  take 
charge  of  the  actual  task  of  the  revision.  Upon  Mr.  Calvert's  appoint- 
ment as  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  Professor  L.  P.  McGehee  of 
the  State  University  was  appointed  commissioner.  The  work  of  the 
compilation  and  revision  has  been  done  by  Mr.  McGehee,  Messrs. 
Carter  Dalton,  Lindsay  C.  Warren,  A.  C.  Mcintosh,  and  Thomas  E. 
Didlake.  The  result  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly  of  1919  is 
comprised  in  the  two  large  volumes  of  "The  Consolidated  Statutes 
of  North  Carolina." 

The  act  creating  the  committee  and  providing  for  the  revision  ap- 
propriated $10,000  for  the  work,  out  of  which  the  expenses  have 
been  defrayed. 


BOARD  OF  INTERNAL  DIPROVEMENTS. 

B.  C.  Beckwith,  Former  Member  of  the  Board,  Raleigh* 

The  State  Board  of  Internal  Improvements  was  created  and  made 
a  body  corporate  by  chapter  982,  Acts  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
North  Carolina,  1819.  In  1836  the  Board  was  made  to  consist  of 
the  Governor  of  the  State,  president  ex  officio,  and  two  commis- 
sioners, to  be  biennially  appointed  by  the  Governor  with  the  advice 
of  the  Council  of  State. 

Chapter  101  of  the  Revisal  of  1905  provides  that  the  two  commis- 
sioners be  now  appointed  biennially  by  the  Governor  with  "the  ad- 
vice of  the  Senate."  The  private  secretary  of  the  Governor  is  secre- 
tary ex  officio  of  the  Board,  which  meets  in  the  Governor's  office, 
or  at  any  other  place  in  the  State,  as  it  may  see  fit. 


*This  artiole  is  brought  forward  from  the  Manual  of  1913.  The  editor  reerets 
that  he  has  been  unable  to  get  a  revised -statement  of  the  duties,  powers,  and  work 
of  the  Board  up  to  date. 


Board  of  Internal  Improvements.  147 

The  Board  has  charge  of  all  the  State's  interest  in  all  railroads, 
canals,  and  other  works  of  internal  improvement;  and  the  Legis- 
lature of  1905  added,  "also  all  public  institutions  in  which  the  State 
has  an  interest,  excepting  the  higher  educational  institutions  that 
are  not  also  charitable." 

The  Board  shall  biennially  report  to  the  General  Assembly  the 
condition  of  all  public  or  State  institutions  and  buildings  in  their 
charge,  railroads,  roads  and  other  works  of  internal  improvements 
in  which  the  State  has  an  interest;  shall  suggest  such  improve- 
ments, enlargements,  or  extensions  of  such  works  as  they  shall 
deem  proper,  and  such  new  works  of  similar  nature  as  shall  seem 
to  them  to  be  demanded  by  the  growth  of  trade  or  the  general  pros- 
perity of  the  State;  the  amount,  condition,  and  character  of  the 
State's  interest  in  railroads,  roads,  and  other  works  of  internal 
improvements  in  which  the  State  has  stock  or  whose  bonds  she 
holds  as  security;  the  condition  of  such  roads  or  other  corporate 
bodies  and  State  institutions  in  detail,  financial  condition,  receipts 
and  disbursements,  etc. 

The  Board  may  require  of  the  president  or  chief  officer  of  any 
railroad  or  other  works  of  public  improvement  or  any  public  in- 
stitution in  which  the  State  has  an  interest,  a  written  report,  under 
oath,  of  the  affairs  of  his  company  or  institution  for  the  year,  and 
a  failure  on  the  part  of  such  chief  officer  of  any  public  institution 
or  company  in  which  the  State  has  an  interest  to  make  a  true  re- 
port is  made  a  misdemeanor,  punishable  by  fine  or  imprisonment. 

Provision  is  also  made  for  the  appointment  of  a  special  auditor 
to  audit  the  accounts  and  books  of  all  institutions,  corporate  bodies 
and  State  departments  whenever  the  Governor  and  the  Board  may 
deem  it  necessary. 

"When  the  Board,  as  it  is  authorized  to  do,  is  making  an  investi- 
gation of  the  affairs  of  any  public  institution  or  company  in  which 
the  State  has  an  interest,  or  of  the  official  conduct  of  any  official 
thereof,  if  any  person  shall  refuse  to  obey  any  summons  of,  or 
shall  refuse  to  answer  any  question  when  requested  so  to  do,  by  a 
member  of  the  Board,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  may 
be  fined  and  imprisoned.  And  upon  report  of  the  Board,  the  Gov- 
ernor may  suspend  or  remove  from  office  any  of  said  officials,  if  in 
the  opinion  of  the  Board  and  the  Governor  the  interest  of  the  State 
demands  it. 

The  Legislature  of  1909   amended  chapter  101  of  the  Revisal  so 


148  Administrative  Departments. 

that  whenever  the  General  Assembly  shall  direct  or  authorize  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  the  erection  or  alteration  of  any  building  or 
buildings  at  any  State  institution,  charitable,  educational,  or  penal, 
the  Board  of  Internal  Improvements  shall  let  the  same  out  by  con- 
tract, and  take  from  the  contractor  a  bond  with  sufficient  security 
payable  to  the  State,  in  such  sum  as  the  Board  may  deem  sufficient, 
with  the  condition  that  he  will  faithfully  perform  his  contract  ac- 
cording to  plans  or  specifications  agreed  upon.  And  chapter  101 
of  the  Revisal  was  also  amended  by  the  Legislature  of  1911,  pro- 
viding that  no  corporation,  company,  or  institution  in  which  the 
State  has  an  interest  shall  lease,  mortgage,  or  otherwise  encumber 
its  property  except  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Board  of  In- 
ternal Improvements  and  the  Council  of  State. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  NATIONAL  GUARD  AND  RESERVE 

3IILITIA. 

Beverly  S.  Roystep.,  Adjutant  General,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
(Office:   Raleigh,  N.  C.) 

The  Militia  of  the  State  is  divided  into  three  classes,  the  National 
Guard,  the  Naval  Militia  and  the  unorganized  militia. 

The  General  Assembly  (session. 1917),  passed  an  act  to  revise  mili- 
tary laws  of  the  State  and  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  militia. 
Immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  steps  were  taken  to  in- 
crease the  strength  of  the  National  Guard  and  to  promote  its  effi- 
ciency. This  work  was  being  vigorously  prosecuted  when  war  was 
declared  against  Germany,  and  from  that  time  until  the  National 
Guard  was  drafted  into  the  Federal  service,  every  energy  was  put 
forth  to  bring  the  National  Guard  to  a  high  state  of  efficiency. 

Pursuant  to  the  Proclamation  of  the  President  of  July  3,  1917,  the 
following  organizations,  units  and  detachments  of  the  National 
Guard  of  North  Carolina  were  drafted  into  the  Federal  service  on 
August  5.  1917: 

1st  Brigade 

1st  Infantry 

2d  Infantry 

3rd  Infantry 

Field  Hospital  No.  ] 


National  Guard.  149 

Ambulance  Company  No.  1 

Veterinary  Corps 

Radio  Company  Signal  Corps 

1st  Regiment  Field  Artillery 

1st  Squadron  Cavalry 

1  Machine  Gun  Troop 

1st  Battalion  Engineers 

1  Engineer  Train 

1  Motor  Truck  Company 

Field  and  Staff 

Sanitary  Detachment  and 

Six  Companies  Coast  Artillery 

Quartermaster's  Corps 

Being  a  total  of  277  officers,  7.454  enlisted  men,  grand  total  of  7.731. 
Of  the  Naval  Militia  18  officers,  and  197  men  (total  215)  were  called 
into  Federal  service  April  6,  1917,  as  National  Naval  Volunteers. 

Shortly  after  reaching  Camp  Sevier  the  status  of  the  1st  North 
Carolina  Infantry  was  changed  and  its  officers  and  men  were  assigned 
and  transferred  to  other  organizations.  This  change  of  status  was 
no  reflection  upon  the  officers  and  men  of  this  splendid  regiment  but 
it  was  made  to  carry  out  the  plans  of  the  War  Department  with 
respect  to  the  National  Guard  organizations  and  divisions'.  Our 
National  Guard  Troops  were  trained  at  Camp  Sevier,  South  Caro- 
lina, from  August,  1917,  until  May,  1918.  when  they  were  sent  over- 
seas for  service  on  the  battle  front.  How  splendidly  these  troops 
acquitted  themselves  on  every  occasion  and  what  bravery  and  hero- 
ism were  manifested  by  officers  and  men  are  known  far  and  wide. 
They  have  won  for  themselves,  and  the  State  as  well,  on  the  battle- 
fields of  France  and  Belgium  an  imperishable  glory.  The  National 
Guard  of  this  State  has  kept  the  faith  and  it  has  fulfilled  in  the 
largest  degree  the  hopes  and  aspirations  of  its  friends  throughout 
the  State. 

The  State  has  no  National  Guard  troops  at  this  time  and  there 
will  be  no  steps  taken  to  reorganize  the  National  Guard  until  the 
return  to  the  State  of  the  troops  now  on  oversea  duty. 

During  the  absence  of  the  National  Guard  it  became  necessary  to 
maintain  a  military  force  in  the  State,  and  pursuant  to  a  Proclama- 
tion of  the  Governor,  dated  September  23,  1917,  the  unorganized 
militia  of  the  State  between  the  ages  of  thirty-one  and  forty-five  were 
called  into  the  active  service  of  the  State  and  organized  and  desig- 


150  Administrative  Departments. 

nated  as  the  North  Carolina  Reserve  Militia.  There  are  now  fifty- 
four  companies  of  the  Reserve  Militia,  and  these  companies  are  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  various  sections  of  the  State,  so  as  to  meet 
as  nearly  as  possible  any  urgent  need  for  troops.  It  has  been  im- 
possible to  get  full  equipment  for  the  Reserve  Militia;  indeed  only 
a  limited  number  of  rifles  have  been  available,  which  have  been 
issued  to  forty-two  of  the  companies.  These  companies  wrill  be 
continued  until  the  National  Guard  troops  now  in  the  Federal 
service  return  to  the  State. 

Complete  rosters  are  being  prepared  in  the  office  of  the  Adjutant 
General  of  all  the  National  Guard  troops,  and  rosters  will  also  be 
prepared  showing  the  names  and  rank  of  those  who  served  on  the 
Mexican  border  and  in  the  war  writh  Germany. 

ADJUTANT  GENERALS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA  SINCE  1861. 

J.  G.  Martin 1861- 

Abial  G.  Fisher  186S-1871 

John  G.  Gorman   1871-1876 

Johnstone  Jones    1877-1888 

James  D.  Glenn   1889-1892 

Francis  H.  Cameron  1893-1896 

A.  D.  Cowles    1897-1898 

Beverly  S.  Royster  1899-1904 

Thomas  H.  Rodertson 1905-1909 

Joseph  F.  Armfield  1910-1911 

Roy  L.  Leinster  1911-1912 

Gordon  Smith 1912-1913 

Laurence  W.  Young 1913-1916 

Beverly  S.  Royster  1916- 


STATE  PRISON. 

J.  R.  Collie,  Superintendent,  Raleigh. 

This  institution  wras  founded  by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly, 
ratified  the  12th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1869,  entitled  "An  Act  to  Pro- 
vide for  the  Erection  of  a  Penitentiary."  Reference  is  made  to  the 
act  cited,  and  also  to  the  Report  of  the  Commission  to  Erect  a  Peni- 
tentiary, Document  No.  18.  Legislative  Documents,  1868-70. 

The  prison  building  is  a  magnificent  brick  structure,  erected  upon 
granite  foundation.  The  prison  wall  is  of  granite,  and  is  twenty  feet 
in  height  and  six  feet  broad  at  the  top,  and  its  base  is  said  to  extend 


State  Prison.  151 

sixteen  feet  below  the  surface.  The  building  and  wall  are  estimated 
to  have  cost  the  State  more  than  a  million  and  a  quarter  dollars. 

The  institution  is  situated  about  one  mile  west  of  the  Capitol  on 
the  extension  of  Morgan  Street  and  near  Hillsboro  road. 

The  affairs  of  the  prison  are  administered  by  a  board  of  five  di- 
rectors appointed  by  the  Governor. 

The  Dangerous  Insane  Department  is  maintained  out  of  the  State 
prison  earnings. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1869 

Number  of  buildings* 1 

Cost  (estimated  by  prison  authorities) $1,225,000 

Number  of  acres  of  land 7,300 

Number  of  employees  134 

Number  of  inmates 825 

Liabilities    None 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

W.   T.    Hicks    Wake 

Paul  F.  Faison   Wake 

A.  Leazar Iredell 

John  R.  Smith   Wayne 

J.  M.  Mewborne Lenoir 

W.  H.  Day Wake 

J.  S.  Mann  Hyde 

J.  J.  Laughinghouse Pitt 

J.  S.  Mann  Hyde 

J.  R.  Collie Franklin 

board  of  directors. 

H.  B.  Varner,  Chairman Lexington 

Frank  Gough Lumberton 

W.  M.  Sanders Smithfield 

B.  F.  Shelton   Speed 

A.  E.  Smith Mount  Airy 

*Two  cimps  on  State  farm;  each  have  living  quarters  and  many  farm  buildings 
of  commodious  size. 


PART  V. 


STATE  EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 


1.  University  of  North  Carolina. 

2.  North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and 

Engineering. 

3.  North  Carolina  State  Normal  and  Industrial 

College. 

4.  Cullowhee  Normal  and  Industrial  School. 

5.  Appalachian  Training  School. 

G.  East  Carolina  Teachers'  Training  School. 

7.  North  Carolina  Schools  for  the  [White]  Blind 

AND   FOR   THE    [NeGRo]    BlIND  AND  DEAF. 

8.  North  Carolina  School  for  the  [White]  Deaf. 

9.  Stonewall  Jackson  Manual  Training  and 

Industrial  School. 

10.  North  Carolina  Normal  Schools  for  the  Colored 

Race  and  for  the  Cherokee  Indians  of  Robeson 
County. 

11.  North  Carolina  Negro  Agricultural  and  Techni- 

cal College. 

12.  Caswell  Training  School. 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  is  located  at  Chapel  Hill.  Its 
charter  was  granted  in  1789;  the  corner-stone  of  the  first  building 
was  laid  in  1793,  and  it  was  opened  for  students  in  1795.  The  cam- 
pus of  48  acres  and  about  550  acres  of  forest  contiguous  to  it  were 
given  by  the  citizens  of  Orange  County.  Its  first  buildings  were 
also  given  by  friends  of  the  University,  the  Legislature  granting  a 
loan  of  $10,000  in  1793,  which  was  afterwards  converted  into  a  gift, 
and  making  the  first  direct  appropriation  for  building  in  1905, 
when  $50,000  was  given  for  a  chemical  laboratory.  Of  the  total 
amount  received  by  the  University  from  all  sources,  one-half  has 
been  contributed  by  alumni  and  friends. 

The  State  made  no  appropriation  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Uni- 
versity for  the  first  eighty  years  of  its  existence.  In  1875  the  in- 
terest from  the  Land  Scrip  Fund  ($7,500)  was  paid  over  to  the  Uni- 
versity, and  withdrawn  in  1887.  In  1881  the  annual  sum  of  $5,000 
was  appropriated  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  the  Univer- 
sity.   This  annual  appropriation  is  now  $165,000. 

In  1861-65  and  the  following  Reconstruction  period  the  Univer- 
sity was  stripped  of  its  funds,  landed  property,  and  much  of  its 
equipment.  From  1871  to  1875  its  doors  were  closed.  It  was  re- 
opened in  1875  with  practically  nothing  but  empty  halls  and  the 
contribution  of  its  friends  amounting  to  about  $20,000  for  the 
purchase   of   new    equipment. 

Its  property  now  consists  of 

Campus — 48  acres,  and  woodland  550  acres.... $  125,500.00 
Equipment — books,  apparatus,  furniture,  etc...  344.700.00 
Buildings — 27,  and  3  faculty  houses 786,500.00 

$  1.256,700.00 
Its  endowment,  including  loan  funds,  amounts  to     267,281.46 

Total    ?  .$  1,523,981.46 

The  income  of  the  University  was  derived  from  the  following 
sources  for  the  year  1917-1918: 


156  State  Educational  Institutions. 

State  appropriation  $165,000.00 

Students  fees   57,496.71 

Invested   funds    12,318.96 

Gifts   2,159.12 

Other  sources   30,225.47 

Total $267,200.26 

The  University  is  comprised  of  the  following  departments:  Col- 
legiate, applied  science,  teachers'  training,  graduate,  law,  medicine, 
and  pharmacy.  There  are  35  professors,  10  associate  professors,  8 
assistant  professors,  16  instructors,  32  assistants.  A  number  of 
the  assistants  help  in  the  laboratories  and  library  and  do  no  actual 
teaching.  The  number  of  students  for  the  session,  1917-18,  was 
1,062.  There  were  1,050  students  in  attendance  upon  the  summer 
school.  Of  the  students  attending  the  regular  session  95  per  cent 
are  from  North  Carolina. 

The  parents  of  the  students  represent  all  professions,  creeds  and 
parties  in  the  State.  The  leading  professions  represented  are  farm- 
ers, merchants,  lawyers,  physicians,  manufacturers,  ministers,  teach- 
ers. The  leading  churches  are:  Methodist,  Baptist,  Presbyterian, 
Episcopal. 

Over  one-half  of  the  students  earn  or  borrow,  in  part  or  in  whole, 
the  money  for  their  education.  Some  60  of  them  earn  their  board 
by  waiting  at  the  table.  Few  of  the  families  from  which  these  stu- 
dents come  are  able  to  stand  the  strain  of  the  support  of  a  son  at 
college  without  stringent  economy  or  even  many  sacrifices.  About 
one  half  of  the  graduates  start  out  as  teachers. 

There  is  a  splendid  spirit  of  democracy  about  the  institution  which 
opens  the  doors  of  achievement  to  all  alike  and  places  attainment 
upon  merit  alone.  It  is  emphatically  a  place  "where  wealth  is  no 
prejudice  and  poverty  is  no  shame." 

SUMMARY. 

Charter  granted  1789 

Opened  1795 

Acres  of  land  owned 598 

Value  of  buildings,  equipment,  and  land. . .  .$1,256,700.00 

Invested  funds    $267,281.46 

Number  of  volumes  in  library 77.000 

Number  of  students 1,162 

Number  of  faculty  88 

Income  from  State $165,000.00 

Income  from  students $57,496.71 

Invested  funds    $12,318.96 


College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering.  157 


PRESIDENTS    OF    THE   UNIVERSITY. 

No  president  1795-1804 

Joseph  Caldwell   1804-1835 

David  L.  Swain  1835-1868 

Solomon   Pooi 1869-1870 

University  closed    1870-1876 

Kemp  P.  Battle   1876-1891 

George  T.  Winston    1891  1896 

Edwin  A.  Alderman 1896  1900 

Francis  P.  Venarle    1900-1914 

Edward  K.  Graham  1914-1918 


NORTH  CAROLINA  STATE  COLLEGE  OE  AGRICULTURE 
AND  ENGINEERING. 

W.  C.  Riddick,  President,  West  Raleigh. 

During  the  years  in  which  North  "Carolina  was  slowly  emerging 
from  the  economic  havoc  wrought  by  Civil  War  and  Reconstruction, 
some  far-sighted  men  began  to  see  the  necessity  of  rearing  indus- 
trially equipped  men.  They  felt  keenly  the  need  of  competent  men 
to  build  and  dirct  new  industries,  and  to  restore  the  land  which 
had  been  impoverished  by  slave  labor.  They  recognized  that  men 
capable  of  doing  what  was  needed  would  have  to  be  educated  in  in- 
dustrial schools  and  technical  colleges.  This  recognition  came 
slowly,  because  the  Southern  people  up  to  that  period  had  been 
wedded  to  classical  education. 

The  first  organized  body  to  take  steps  for  the  establishment  of  an 
industrial  institution  in  North  Carolina  was  the  Watauga  Club. 
This  Club,  composed  of  bright  young  men,  explained  its  mission  by 
declaring  that  it  was  "an  association  in  the  city  of  Raleigh  designed 
to  find  out  and  make  known  information  on  practical  subjects  that 
will  be  of  public  use."  In  1885  this  club  presented  to  the  Legisla- 
ture the  following  memorial: 

"We  respectfully  memorialize  your  honorable  body: 
"First.     To  establish  an  industrial  school  in  North  Carolina  which 
shall  be  a  training  place  for  young  men  who  wish  to  acquire  skill  in 
the  wealth-producing  arts  and  sciences. 

"Second.  To  establish  this  school  in  Raleigh  in  connection  with 
the  State  Agriculture  Department. 

"Third.  To  make  provision  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings 
and  for  their  equipment  and  maintenance. 

(Signed)  Arthur  Winslow,  Chairman  : 

W.  J.  Peele, 
Walter  H.  Page." 


158  State  Educational  Institutions. 

This  memorial  quickened  general  interest  in  the  proposed  school, 
and  several  bills  looking  to  its  foundation  were  introduced  in  the 
Legislature  of  1885.  On  March  7th,  one  of  these  bills,  introduced  by 
Hon.  Augustus  Leazar  of  Iredell  County,  became  a  law.  This  law 
provided  that  the  Board  of  Agriculture  should  seek  proposals  from 
the  cities  and  towns  of  the  State,  and  that  the  school  should  be 
placed  in  the  town  offering  most  inducements.  The  Board  of  Agri- 
culture finally  accepted  an  offer  from  the  city  of  Raleigh. 

Meantime,  the  ideas  of  the  advocates  of  the  school  have  been  some- 
what broadened  as  to  the  character  of  the  proposed  institution.  They 
saw  that  Congress  was  about  to  supplement  the  original  land  grant 
by  an  additional  appropriation  for  agricultural  and  mechanical  col- 
leges in  each  State.  The  originators  of  the  conception  then  sought 
the  aid  of  progressive  farmers  in  order  to  change  the  school  into 
an  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College.  Col.  L.  L.  Polk,  the  editor 
of  the  newly  established  Progressive  Farmer,  threw  the  weight  of  his 
paper  heartily  into  the  new  idea.  Meetings  were  held  in  various 
places,  and  two  very  large  meetings  in  Raleigh  considered  the 
proposition.  As  a  result,  the  school  already  provided  for  was  by 
action  of  the  Legislature  of  1887  changed  into  an  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College,  and  the  Land  Scrip  Fund  was  given  the  newly 
formed  institution.  In  addition,  the  law  directed  that  any  surplus 
from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  should  go  into  the  treasury  of 
the  college.  Mr.  R.  Stanhope  Pullen,  one  of  Raleigh's  most  broad- 
minded  citizens,  gave  the  institution  eighty-three  acres  of  land  in  a 
beautiful  suburb  of  Raleigh.  The  first  building  was  completed  in 
1889  and  the  doors  of  the  college  were  opened  for  students  in  Octo- 
ber, 1889.  Seventy-two  students,  representing  thirty-seven  counties, 
were  enrolled  the  first  year.  The  faculty  consisted  of  six  full  pro- 
fessors and  two  assistants. 

From  this  small  beginning  in  1889  the  college  has  grown  to  be  the 
second  in  size  in  students  and  faculty  among  the  colleges  for  men  in 
the  State. 

The  Legislature  of  1917  changed  the  name  of  the  college  to  North 
Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering. 

The  college  confines  its  curriculum  entirely  to  technical  and  in- 
dustrial education.    No  general  or  academic  courses  are  offered. 

The  courses  of  study  are  as  follows: 

First,  Agriculture,  including  under  this  general  term  Agronomy, 


Normal  and  Industrial  College.  159 

Horticulture,    Trucking,    Animal    Husbandry,    Dairying,    Veterinary 
Science,  Poultry  Science,  and  a  course  in  Agricultural  Education. 

Second,  Engineering.  These  courses  include  Civil,  Electrical,  Me- 
chanical, and  Mining  Engineering.  The  equipment  for  field  and  for 
laboratory  work  in  these  courses  makes  them  very  practical,  as  well 
as  scientific. 

Third,  Textile  Industry.  Students  in  Textiles  have  an  entire  mill 
building  for  their  use.  In  addition  to  carding,  spinning,  weaving 
and  designing,  they  have  a  thoroughly  practical  course  in  dyeing 
and  in  the  chemistry  of  dyes. 

Fourth,  Industrial  Chemistry.  Four-year  courses  in  Agricultural 
Chemistry,  Chemical  Engineering,  and  Textile  Chemistry  and  Dyeing. 

In  all  these  courses,  mathematics.  English,  physics,  chemistry  and 
one  modern  language  are  required. 

For  young  men  who  have  not  time  or  means  to  spend  four  years 
in  college,  and  yet  who  want  to  fit  themselves  as  far  as  possible  for 
industrial  employments,  short  courses  of  one  and  two  years  are 
offered  in  Agriculture,  and  two  years  in  Mechanic  Arts  and  Textiles. 

In  January  of  each  year,  a  three-weeks  practical  course  for  farm- 
ers is  given. 

During  the  summer  there  is  conducted  at  the  college  a  two-weeks 
course  for  Home  Demonstration  Agents,  a  Summer  School  for 
Teachers,  a  short  course  for  Club  Eoys  and  Girls,  a  course  for 
Farm  Demonstration  Agents  and  the  Farmers'  Convention. 

These  activities,  in  addition  to  the  regular  college  session,  keep 
the  plant  in  active  service  every  day  in  the  year. 

The  college,  in  cooperation  with  the  State  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, conducts  the  North  Carolina  Experiment  Station  and  the  North 
Carolina  Extension  Service,  which  employ  more  than  two  hundred 
men  and  women,  and  touch  the  lives  of  at  least  three-fourths  of  the 
people  of  the  State. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1889 

Number  of  buildings    30 

Number  of  acres  of  land  485 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $848,352 

Value  of  land   $108  310 

Number  of  volumes  in  library 8.000 

Number  of  students   947 

Number  of  faculty 65 

State  appropriation  per  annum    $122,500 


160  State  Educational  Institutions. 


PRESIDENTS. 

Alexander  Q.  Holladay  1889-1899 

George  Tayloe  Winston    1899-1908 

Daniel  Harvey  Hill 1908-1916 

Wallace  Carl  Riddick   1916- 


THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  STATE  NORMAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL 

COLLEGE. 

Julius  I.  Foust,  President,  Greensboro. 

The  North  Carolina  State  Normal  and  Industrial  College  was  es- 
tablished by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1891.  The  purpose 
for  which  the  institution  was  created,  as  stated  in  section  5  of  the 
act  establishing  it,  is  as  follows: 

"The  object  of  this  institution  shall  be  (1)  to  give  young  women 
such  education  as  shall  fit  them  for  teaching;  (2)  to  give  instruc- 
tion to  young  women  in  drawing,  telegraphy,  typewriting,  stenog- 
raphy, and  such  other  industrial  arts  as  may  be  suitable  to  their 
sex  and  conducive  to  their  support  and  usefulness.  Tuition  shall 
be  free  to  those  who  signify  their  intention  to  teach  upon  such  con- 
ditions as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  board  of  directors." 

In  1892  the  Institution  began  with  $30,000  donated  by  the  city  of 
Greensboro  and  ten  acres  of  land,  the  gift  of  Mr.  R.  S.  Pullen,  Mr. 
R.  T.  Gray,  Mr.  E.  P.  Wharton,  and  others,  with  an  annual  ap- 
propriation of  $10,000  from  the  State.  In  addition  to  the  State  ap- 
propriation and  tuition  fees,  the  institution  received  during  the 
first  few  years  about  $3,000  annually  from  the  Peabody  Fund  and  for 
three  years  received  $2,500  annually  from  the  General  Education 
Board.  It  also  received  about  $11,000  from  the  faculty  and  students, 
and  a  small  amount  from  Mr.  George  Foster  Peabody,  and  a  library 
building  from  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie.  The  plant  is  now  worth  more 
than  $700,000,  the  annual  State  appropriation  is  $100,000,  and  the 
loan  and  scholarship  funds  received  from  various  sources  in  the 
State  and  out  of  it  now  amount  to  $25,000.  The  faculty  numbers 
89,  and  there  were  enrolled  during  the  past  session  786  students,  and 
during  the  summer  session  484  students.    Total,  1,270. 

The  chief  mission  of  the  institution  lies  in  furnishing  the  public 
school  system  of  the  State  well-equipped  teachers  who  are  capable 


Normal  and  Industrial  College.  161 

of  rendering  the  State  intelligent  and  useful  service.  It  provides 
regular  degree  courses,  whose  admission  requirements,  curriculum 
of  instruction,  and  standards  of  scholarship  are  in  keeping  with 
the  requirements  of  our  best  Southern  colleges  for  men  and  women. 

Special  industrial  and  commercial  courses  are  open  to  those  who 
do  not  have  free  tuition  and  are  not  under  contract  to  teach.  Pro- 
vision is  also  made  for  teachers  who  may  wish  to  take  brief  courses 
in  pedagogy  and  in  the  subjects  taught  in  the  public  schools.  For 
those  who  cannot  remain  longer,  a  one-year  course  is  offered.  For 
various  reasons  a  number  of  ambitious  teachers  are  not  able  to  avail 
themselves  of  the  one-year  course,  and  to  meet  the  demands  of  these 
a  regular  summer  session  has  been  inaugurated.  The  advantages 
of  the  institution  are  thus  open  to  every  worthy  young  white  woman 
who  has  availed  herself  of  the  opportunities  offered  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  State. 

The  patronage  of  the  institution  has  justified  the  wisdom  of  the 
founders.  During  the  twenty-six  years  of  its  life,  beginning  Octo- 
ber, 1892,  and  closing  with  the  session  of  May,  1918,  the  college  has 
had  an  average  enrollment  of  about  625  students.  These  students 
have  come  from  all  the  100  counties  of  the  State,  and  in  their 
political  and  religious  faith,  their  financial  condition,  their  profes- 
sional and  social  life,  their  intellectual  ability  and  previous  educa- 
tional opportunities,  are  representative  of  the  people  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Of  the  more  than  7.500  young  women  who  have  sought  the 
help  and  strength  thus  provided,  more  than  80  per  cent  received 
their  training  in  the  rural  public  schools,  one  third  defrayed  their 
own  expenses,  and  two-thirds,  according  to  their  own  written  state- 
ment, would  not  have  attended  any  other  North  Carolina  college.  In 
brief,  one  of  the  strongest  forces  of  the  college,  and  a  prime  source 
of  its  usefulness,  has  been  the  representative  character  of  its  pat- 
ronage. This  coming  together  of  all  classes  from  all  sections  of  the 
State  necessarily  results  in  creating  an  atmosphere  of  wholesome 
democracy  and  equal  opportunity.  The  spirit  of  the  State  College 
for  Women,  is.  therefore,  what  the  spirit  of  every  State  college 
should  be,  and,  as  a  result,  its  representatives  acquire  that  larger 
sympathy,  that  breadth  of  vision,  and  that  intelligent  insight  into 
the  needs  of  their  State  that  no  text-books  or  lectures  or  mere  aca- 
demic training  can  ever  hope  to  give. 

Some  indication  of  the  serviceableness  of  the  college  is  suggested 

11 


162  Bdxj<  ational  Institutions. 

by  what  has  been  said  of  the  scope  and  character  of  its  patronage. 
It  has,  since  its  establishment,  been  an  open  door  of  opportunity 
for  the  white  women  of  North  Carolina.  Through  it  the  State  has 
added  to  its  resources  over  7,000  educated  women,  who  have  taught 
lessons  of  patriotism  and  right  living  to  at  least  350.000  North  Caro- 
lina children.  Two-thirds  of  all  the  students  enrolled  and  nine- 
tenths  of  all  who  graduate  become  teachers  in  North  Carolina.  No 
large  movement  for  the  uplift  of  the  State  has  failed  to  have  sup- 
port from  its  faculty  and  students,  and  today  there  is  not  a  county 
in  the  State  where  representatives  of  the  colleges  are  not  to  be 
found  actively  engaged  in  public  service. 

SUMMER   SESSION. 

The  special  purpose  of  the  State  Normal  and  Industrial  College  in 
organizing  the  Summer  Session  was  to  offer  the  advantages  of  its 
instruction  to  those  women  in  the  State,  whose  occupation  during 
other  months  of  the  year  prevent  their  attendance  upon  the  regular 
session.  In  the  selection  and  arrangement  of  its  summer  courses 
the  college  has  in  view  the  needs  of  the  following  classes: 

1st.  Teachers  wishing  special  work  in  the  principles  and  methods 
of  teaching  (Primary.  Grammar,  and  High  School),  with  opportuni- 
ties for  practice  and  observation  work  under  experienced  super- 
visors. 

2d.  Teachers  desiring  advanced  or  collegiate  courses  in  Philoso- 
phy, Science,  Psychology,  and  the  History  of  Education. 

3d.  Teachers  of  special  subjects,  such  as  Agriculture.  Domestic 
Science.  Vocal  Music,  Drawing,  and  Manual  Arts. 

4th.  High  school  teachers  who  desire  advanced  or  extra  work 
along  the  line  of  their  specialties  with  free  use  of  good  department 
libraries  and  well-equipped  laboratories. 

5th.  College  students  who  wish  to  earn  advanced  credit  or  to  re- 
move conditions. 

6th.  Students  preparing  for  college. 

7th.  Mothers,  wives,  and  home-makers  who  feel  the  need  of  prac- 
tical help  in  such  subjects  as  food  and  food  values,  cookery,  kitchen 
conveniences,  home  nursing,  sanitation,  and  household  decoration. 

SUMMARY  OF  ENROLLMENT   DURING   THE   SESSION   OF   1917-1918. 

Enrolled  during  the  regular  session,  786  students. 
Enrolled  during  the  summer  session,  484  students. 


Cullowhee  Normal  School.  163 

Total  number  taught  at  the  college  during  the  session  1917-1918, 
1,528  students,  including  the  Training  School. 
Pupils  enrolled  in  Training  School,  337. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1891 

Number  of  buildings  used   15 

Number  of  acres  of  land  100 

Value  of  buildings  and  land   $800,000 

Number  of  volumes  in  library   8,000 

Number  of  pupils  in  training  school 337 

Number  of  students  in  college,  regular  session 786 

Number  of  students  in  college,  summer  session 484 

Total  number  of  regular  students  enrolled  during 

sessions  1917-1918   1,270 

Number  of  faculty    89 

Annual   State  appropriation    (maintenance) $125,000 

PRESIDENTS. 

Charles  D.  McIver   '. 1891-1906 

Julius  I.  Foust,  Dean   1906-1907 

Julius  I.  Foust  1907- . 


CULLOWHEE  NORMAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL. 

A.  C.  Reynolds,  President,  Culloiohee,  N.  C. 

The  Cullowhee  Normal  and  Industrial  School  is  a  State  coeduca- 
tional institution  for  the  training  of  teachers.  The  school  was 
chartered  in  1891  as  a  private  institution,  and  in  1905  became  a 
State  institution.  It  has  trained  more  than  600  teachers  for  public 
school  work  and  has  furnished  ten  county  superintendents.  The 
institution  is  equipped  with  steam  heat,  electric  lights,  and  a 
gravity  water  line.  It  is  built  to  accommodate  about  200  board- 
ing students.  The  organization  of  the  school  embraces:  Practice 
School,  High  School,  Normal  Collegiate  School,  Domestic  Science 
School,  Domestic  Arts  School,  and  Music  School. 

SUMMARY. 

Number  of  buildings 8 

Number  of  acres  of  land  owned  27.5 

Number  of  instructors  10 

Value  of  buildings  and  lands $110,000 

Annual   appropriation    $10,00 

.presidents. 

R.  L.  Madison   1891-1912 

A.  C.  Reynolds   1912- 


164  Educational  Institutions. 

THE  APPALACHIAN  TRAINING  SCHOOL.* 

B.  B.  Dougherty,  Superintendent,  Boone. 

The  Appalachian  Training  School  for  Teachers  was  established 
by  act  of  the  Legislature  of  1903.  The  school  is  located  at  Boone, 
Watauga  County,  North  Carolina,  in  the  midst  of  North  Carolina's 
unsurpassed  mountain  scenery.  It  is  the  center  of  education  for  the 
northwestern  section  of  North  Carolina,  embracing  some  of  the  best 
of  her  mountainous  counties. 

The  institution  makes  no  pretension  to  being  a  college.  It  is  a 
normal  school,  and  its  mission  is  to  give  a  high  school  and  profes- 
sional education  to  hundreds  of  young  people  who  cannot  go  else- 
where. 

During  the  years  1913-1914  there  were  453  students  in  the  school. 
It  supplies  a  large  proportion  of  the  public  school  teachers  for  the 
surrounding  counties,  and  has  had  a  marked  influence  upon  the 
improvement  of  scholarship  and  professional  training  of  these  teach- 
ers. In  addition  to  this,  the  school  has  opened  a  way  to  the  State 
University  and  the  State  Normal  College  to  a  large  number  of  stu- 
dents who  otherwise  would  not  have  entered  those  institutions. 

The  first  appropriation  made  by  the  Legislature  was  $2,000  for 
maintenance,  voted  by  the  Legislature  of  1903.  The  Legislature  of 
1907  increased  this  to  $4,000,  and  made  an  additional  appropriation 
of  $10,000  for  the  enlargement  of  the  plant.  In  1909  the  Legisla- 
ture appropriated  $6,000  a  year  for  maintenance,  and  $8,000  per  year 
for  general  improvements.  The  Legislature  of  1911  appropriated 
$10,000  per  annum  for  maintenance  and  $10,000  for  improvements. 
The  Legislature  of  1913  appropriated  $15,000  for  a  new  dormitory 
and  $12,500  for  maintenance. 


*This  article  is  brought  forward  from  the  Manual  of  1917.     The  editor  regrets 
that  he  has  been  unable  to  secure  a  revised  statement  bringing  the  data  up  to  date. 


East  Carolina  Teachers  Training  School.  165 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1903 

Number  of  buildings   7 

Number  of  acres  of  land  owned 450 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $200,000 

Value  of  land   $25,000 

Number  of  students   556 

Number  of  faculty 13 

Income  from  State  appropriation  for  maintenance 

per  annum  $20,000 

SUPERINTENDENT. 

B.  B.  Dougherty  19C3- 


EAST  CAROLINA  TEACHERS  TRAINING  SCHOOL. 

Robert  H.  Wright,  President.  Greenville. 

The  East  Carolina  Teachers  Training  School  was  established  by 
act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1907.  The  school  is  located  at  Green- 
ville. The  site  contains  50  acres  of  land,  a  large  part  of  which  is 
natural  forest. 

Eight  buildings  have  been  erected;  two  dormitories  with  a  capac- 
ity for  240  students;  an  administration  building  containing  the 
offices,  auditorium,  and  classrooms;  a  building  for  the  kitchen  and 
dining-room  (this  building  contains  storerooms  for  supplies  and  a 
refrigerating  plant) ;  an  infirmary,  a  building  containing  the  power 
plant  and  laundry,  an  eight  room  Model  School  and  a  residence  for 
the  President. 

The  buildings  and  equipment  are  modern  in  every  sense  and  are 
valued  at  $270,000.  The  town  of  Greenville  and  county  of  Pitt  voted 
$100,000  in  bonds  for  this  school,  and  the  State  has  made  an  appro- 
priation of  $154,332.57  for  buildings  and  equipment.  These  build- 
ings, for  lack  of  funds  have  not  yet  been  thoroughly  equipped,  but 
enough  equipment  has  been  installed  to  enable  the  school  to  do 
efficient  work.  The  equipment  installed  is  of  the  best  type  pro- 
curable. 

Section  3  of  the  charter  reads:  "That  the  said  school  shall  be 
maintained  by  the  State  for  the  purpose  of  giving  to  young  white 
men  and  women  such  education  and  training  as  shall  fit  and  qualify 
them  to  teach  in  the  public  schools  of  North  Carolina."  This  clearly 
sets  forth  the  purpose  of  this  school.     To  those  students  who  agree 


166  Educational  Institutions. 

to  teach  there  is  no  charge  for  tuition.  Practically  all  of  the  stu- 
dents sign  this  agreement  to  teach.  This  shows  that  the  manage- 
ment is  adhering  rigidly  to  the  purpose  of  the  school  as  stated  in 
its  charter. 

The  school  first  opened  its  doors  for  students  October  5,  1909. 
During  the  past  nine  years,  including  the  summer  terms,  there 
have  been  enrolled  5,671  students. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1907 

Number  of  buildings    8 

Number  of  acres  of  land  50 

Value  of  buildings  and  grounds   $270,000 

Number  of  students  1907-1918   5,671 

Annual  appropriation    $60,000 

Other  income    $3,196.25 

PRESIDENT. 

Robert  H.  Wright  1907- 


NORTH  CAROLINA  SCHOOL  FOR  THE  BLIND  AM) 

THE  DEAF.* 

G.  E.  Lineberry,  Stiperintendent,  Raleigh. 

This  institution  was  established  by  act  of  the  General  Assembly 
passed  January  12,  1845,  while  Hon.  W.  A.  Graham  was  Governor 
of  North  Carolina.  On  the  first  day  of  May  following  the  school 
opened  with  seven  pupils,  which  number  increased  to  seventeen 
during  the  session.  The  first  appropriation  amounted  to  $5,000  an- 
nually. Two  years  later  it  was  made  $10,000.  W.  D.  Cooke,  of  Vir- 
ginia, was  elected  first  principal,  and  for  .some  years  the  school  was 
conducted  in  a  building  on  Hillsboro  Street,  rented  for  the  purpose. 

On  April  14,  1849,  the  corner-stone  of  the  present  main  building 
on  Caswell  Square  was  laid  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons.  At  first 
deaf  children  only  were  received,  but  later  blind  children  were  also 
admitted. 

In  1868  a  department  for  the  education  of  the  negro  deaf  and 
blind  children  of  the   State  was  established  on  Bloodworth  Street, 


*The  State  schools  for  Wind  white  children  and  for  the  blind  and  deaf  negro 
children,  though  separate  institutions,  in  separate  buildings  located  in  different 
parts  of  the  city,   are  under  the  same   supervision. — Editor. 


School  for  the  Blind  and  the  Deaf.  167 

in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  city.  This  has  grown  to  be  the 
largest  and  best  equipped  school  for  the  negro  deaf  and  blind  in 
the  South. 

In  1894  the  white  deaf  children  were  removed  to  their  elegant 
new  school  at  Morganton.  The  old  school  continued  to  grow  until 
there  were  186  pupils  actually  present  in  both  departments,  and  the 
annual  appropriation  was  $40,000.  It  has  now  grown  to  be  one  of 
the  largest  of  its  kind  in  America,  and  North  Carolina  has  the  proud 
distinction  of  doing  more  for  its  deaf  and  blind  children,  in  pro- 
portion to  its  population,  than  any  State  in  the  Union. 

The  auditorium  building  furnishes  dormitories  for  the  boys,  with 
all  modern  conveniences,  and  a  good  auditorium,  but  it  is  now  far 
too  small  to  accommodate  the  number  of  students  already  in  at- 
tendance. 

The  school  has  a  small  library  and  a  partially  equipped  gym- 
nasium which  have  aided  much  in  the  work  to  be  done,  but  it  has 
almost  no  school  room,  or  scientific  apparatus,  and  but  slight  dormi- 
tory furniture. 

The  industrial  building  furnishes  room  for  the  broom,  mattress, 
and  cane-seating  department  of  the  school.  Similar  buildings  are 
at  the  colored  department. 

The  increased  attendance  has  made  it  necessary  to  increase  the 
appropriation  for  maintenance,  and  the  Legislature  has  made  addi- 
tions from  time  to  time  until  the  annual  income  is  now  $72,500. 

This  is  equivalent  to  only  about  $240  per  child — an  amount  far 
less  than  that  used  by  any  school  for  the  blind  in  the  United  States. 
Seventeen  years  ago  the  allowance  per  child  was  more  than  $214. 
With  the  increased  cost  of  living,  one  can  readily  see  how  cramped 
must  be  the  financial  condition. 

A  distinguished  visitor  to  the  State  said  recently  in  a  public  ad- 
dress made  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Association  of  the 
Blind  held  at  Fayetteville:  "Your  school  for  the  blind  at  Raleigh 
*  *  *  needs,  and  should  have,  more  funds.  In  many  respects  it 
is  the  best  of  the  forty  State  schools  for  the  blind  in  this  country. 
It  has  more  pupils  than  any  other  State.  It  fits  more  of  them  for 
independence  than  any  other  school.  Between  80  and  90  per  cent 
of  the  pupils  of  your  school  for  the  blind  become  self-supporting. 
No  other  State  makes  such  a  showing,  and  no  other  of  the  forty 
schools  have  so  little  money  provided  for  the  pupils  as  your  State 
school.  The  money  spent  in  your  State  school  for  the  blind  is  the 
best  investment  your  State  ever  made.    Through  its  influence  doubt- 


168  Educational  Institutions. 

less  many  blind  are  now  self-supporting,  useful  and  happy  citizens 
of  your  State,  who  otherwise  would  be  dependent  on  their  family 
or  friends  or  be  inmates  of  almshouses  at  the  expense  of  the  State. 

"When  I  asked  Dr.  Fraser,  the  great  educator  of  the  blind,  at 
Halifax  (Nova  Scotia),  after  his  recent  visit  to  the  schools  for  the 
blind  of  this  country,  which  he  considered  the  best,  he  replied  that 
none  was  better  than  the  school  at  Raleigh,  and  that  he  could  not 
understand  how  such  a  school  could  be  run  for  such  a  small  amount 
of  money.  *  *  *  I  am  sure,  when  your  people  realize  your  needs 
and  the  great  work  you  are  doing,  they  will  come  liberally  to  your 
aid." 

The  school  is  now  seriously  handicapped  for  lack  of  room  and  of 
funds.  The  present  quarters  are  entirely  too  circumscribed.  There 
is  no  room  for  exercise  ground,  and  if  any  children  need  exercise,  it 
is  the  blind;  nor  is  there  any  place  for  additional  buildings.  The 
overcrowded  condition  of  the  buildings  demands  serious  attention. 
His  Excellency,  the  Governor,  recommended  in  his  message  to  the 
General  Assembly  of  1911  the  purchase  of  100  acres  in  the  suburbs 
of  the  city  upon  which  to  erect  new  buildings  upon  the  cottage 
system.  This  suggestion  was  emphasized  by  the  State  Board  of 
Internal  Improvements,  the  State  Board  of  Health,  and  the  Board 
of  Charities. 

Six  years  ago,  the  General  Assembly  provided  for  the  purchase  of 
about  75  acres  of  land  adjacent  to  other  State  property  and  Pullen 
Park,  and  hence  most  admirably  located;  but  unfortunately  made 
no  provision  for  buildings  nor  even  for  repairs  to  the  old  buildings. 
Two  years  ago,  the  General  Assembly,  by  special  act,  appropriated 
$150,000  for  buildings  to  be  erected  on  the  new  site.  Contracts  are 
out  for  administration  building,  one  typical  cottage  and  a  kinder- 
garten cottage.  The  contract  calls  for  the  completion  of  this  by 
January  1,  1919,  but  war  conditions  have  hindered  the  work  so  that 
they  will  not  be  completed  until  spring.  It  is  hoped  that  the  neces- 
sary appropriations  will  be  made  so  that  other  necessary  buildings 
may  be  put  up  at  once  for  moving  the  white  department  to  the  new 
site. 

The  literary  work  of  the  school  may  be  well  understood  when  it 
is  known  that  the  course  of  study  pursued  is  modeled  after  the  re- 
port made  by  the  "Committee  of  Ten"  appointed  by  the  General 
Government  several  years  ago.  and  covers  a  thorough  course  in 
kindergarten,  primary,  grammar,  and  high  school  work,  as  good  as 
that  done  in  the  very  best  schools  in  the  State. 


School  foe  the  Blind  and  the  Deaf.  169 

One  naturally  wants  to  know  what  comes  of  all  this.  In  general 
terms  85  per  cent  of  the  graduates  of  the  school  are  self-supporting, 
and  a  good  many  of  them  have  accumulated  a  good  competency. 
Time  and  space  will  not  permit  a  detailed  statement.  Let  a  few 
suffice.  Two  of  the  former  students  are  employed  as  telephone 
operators  in  their  respective  homes,  and  one  is  a  successful  tele- 
graph operator.  The  musical  directors  of  Salemburg  Academy  and 
of  Anniston  (Alabama)  Seminary  are  graduates  of  our  school,  and 
both  totally  blind.  A  substantial  merchant  and  mill  man  of  Glass 
is  another;  a  very  successful  farmer  of  Alexander  County  is  another; 
until  recently  one  of  the  leading  teachers  in  Caldwell  County  was 
another.  Another  is  a  successful  church  organist  in  Wilmington; 
the  principal  of  one  of  the  high  schools  in  Union  County  is  another; 
one  is  a  successful  merchant  in  West  Virginia;  one  a  newsdealer 
in  New  Bern;  one  a  band  master  and  music  teacher  in  Winston- 
Salem.  There  are  many  more  of  the  graduates  who  are  filling  hon- 
orable positions  as  public  school  teachers,  music  teachers,  piano 
tuners,  band  masters,  merchants,  etc.,  etc. — men  and  women  who  are 
a  credit  to  the  State  and  an  honor  to  the  school. 

The  handicraft  exhibits  made  at  the  State  Fair  for  the  past  few 
years  have  not  only  received  universal  praise,  but  have  been  awarded 
the  first  premium  over  all  schools  exhibiting.  The  band  of  the 
school  also  makes  music  at  the  Fair  each  year. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1845 

Number  of  buildings    7 

Number  of  acres  of  land  122 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment  $200,000 

Value  of  land   $80,000 

Number  of  volumes  in  library  (ink  print) 1,900 

Number  of  volumes  in  library  (Tactile  print)    5,250 

Number  of  students   144 

Number  of  faculty   21 

State  appropriation   (including  both  departments)  .  $72,500 

Income  from  other  sources  None 

NAMES  AND  TERMS  OF  SERVICE  OF  ALL  PRINCIPALS. 

W.  D.  Cooke 1845-1860 

Willey  J.  Palmer   1860-1869 

John  Nichols    1869-1871 

S.  F.  Tomlinson 1871-1873 

John  Nichols    1873-1877 

Hezekiah  A.  Gudcer  1877-1883 


170  Educational  Institutions. 

William  J.  Young   1883-1896 

Frederick  R.  Place June,  1896-September,  1896 

John  E.  Ray   1896-1918 

John  T.  Alderman January,  1918-August,  1918 

G.    E.    LlNEBERRY     1918- 

I  OLORED   DEPARTMENT. 

Founded    ; 1869 

Number  of  buildings    4 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $75,000 

Number  of  volumes  in  library  (ink  print) 500 

Number  of  volumes  in  library   (Tactile  print) 1.600 

Number  of  students   156 

Number  of  faculty •  17 


THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  SCHOOL  FOR  THE   (WHITE)  HEAF. 

E.  McK.  Goodwin,  Superintendent,  Morganton. 

In  1845  this  State  first  attempted  the  education  of  her  deaf  and 
dumb  children,  being  the  ninth  State  in  the  Union  to  undertake  the 
education  of  this  class  of  children.  The  first  year,  seven  pupils  were 
admitted.  Soon  thereafter  the  blind  children  of  the  State  were  pro- 
vided for  under  the  same  management,  and  the  institution  became 
the  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the 
Blind.  Both  classes  were  admitted  into  the  institution  at  Raleigh 
till  the  Legislature  of  1891  was  made  to  realize  that  there  was  only 
a  small  part  of  either  class  being  educated,  for  up  to  that  time 
only  about  25  per  cent  were  being  even  partially  educated. 

In  1891  the  General  Assembly  passed  an  act  creating  and  estab- 
lishing the  North  Carolina  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  for  the 
white  race  only,  and  located  it  at  Morganton.  The  school  was 
opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils  in  1894.  All  the  white  deaf  chil- 
dren then  in  school  at  Raleigh  were  admitted  to  the  new  school, 
which  had  very  limited  support.  There  were  only  102  present  the 
first  year,  but  as  soon  as  the  Legislature  made  provision,  the  school 
admitted  162.  and  the  attendance  has  increased  steadily  till  303 
were  admitted  last  year.  But  there  are  still,  perhaps,  25  per  cent 
of  the  eligible  deaf  children  not  in  school,  and  there  are  many 
adult  deaf  in  North  Carolina  now  entirely  uneducated.  It  is  a 
significant  fact,  however,  that  this  State  has  the  largest  attendance 


School  for  the  Deaf.  171 

in  proportion  to  her  population  of  any  Southern  State,  and,  indeed, 
compares  favorably  with  the  Northern  States  in  this  respect. 

The  statute  prescribes  the  public  school  course  of  the  State,  and 
allows  high  school  work  for  those  who  want  to  go  to  college. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  school  work,  we  have  four  industrial 
departments  for  the  boys,  where  they  are  given,  as  far  as  possible, 
the  knowledge  of  handicraft  in  the  elementary  branches.  The  four 
departments  for  the  boys  are  farming  and  gardening,  woodwork  and 
carpentry,  typesetting  and  printing,  and  shoemaking  and  tailoring. 
The  girls  are  taught  general  domestic  work,  including  cooking,  plain 
sewing  and  dressmaking.  Primary  handicraft  is  taught  to  the  small 
children. 

America  leads  the  world  in  her  provision  for  the  education  of  the 
deaf.  From  1817,  when  the  first  school  was  established  in  America, 
till  about  1868,  all  the  schools  used  the  French  system,  which  is  the 
manual  or  sign  method;  but  in  1868  the  German  or  oral  method  was 
introduced,  and  while  the  progress  has  been  slow,  the  proportion  has 
constantly  increased  till  at  present  about  85  per  cent  of  all  the  deaf 
children  in  the  United  States,  now  in  school,  are  being  taught  by 
the  oral  method.  Many  of  these  children  learn  to  speak  and  read 
speech  of  others  sufficiently  to  become  invaluable  to  themselves  and 
to  the  great  convenience  of  the  members  of  their  families.  But  even 
if  their  speech  is  not  natural  nor  good,  the  written  language  of  the 
orally  taught  deaf  is  more  natural  and  smoother  in  expression  than 
that  of  the  deaf  taught  manually. 

The  North  Carolina  School  has  two  departments  to  meet  the  de- 
mands, and  is  known  in  the  profession  as  a  "combined  school."  Our 
orally  taught  pupils  become  as  adept  "sign  makers"  as  the  manually 
taught.  They  acquire  the  manual  language  by  association  with  those 
who  sign  and  spell  on  their  fingers.  The  orally  taught  get  all  the 
manually  taught  get,  and  also  what  speech  and  speech-reading  they 
get  from  the  oral  system,  beyond  what  those  manually  taught  even 
claim  to  get.  Some  of  the  largest  and  best  schools  for  the  deaf  in 
America  are  "pure  oral"  schools. 

The  North  Carolina  School  has  prepared  a  number  of  students  for 
Gallaudet  College,  where  they  have  graduated  with  distinction.  Many 
of  our  former  students  have  done  well  in  the  race  of  life,  making  a 
good  living  and  good  citizens. 

Our  school  plant  is  worth  at  least  $600,000,  and  our  greatest  needs 
today  are  a  hospital  building  and  industrial  equipments.    The  school 


172  Educational  Institutions. 

from  its  creation  has  had  a  broad  and  liberal-minded  board  of  direc- 
tors of  practical  business  men.  The  present  board  is  composed  of 
J.  L.  Scott,  Jr.,  president;  A.  C.  Miller,  Mrs.  I.  P.  Jeter,  W.  W.  Neal, 
W.  R.  Whitson,  Archibald  Johnson,  and  Dr.  J.  0.  Atkinson,  and 
E.  McK.  Goodwin  has  been  superintendent  since  its  establishment. 

The  school  has  now  a  staff  of  twenty-seven  regular  grade  teachers 
and  an  educational  principal,  a  supervising  teacher  in  Goodwin 
Hall,  our  new  primary  school,  and  five  industrial  teachers. 

Over  1,000  pupils  have  been  enrolled  since  opening  in  1894. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    ~. 1894 

Number  of  buildings    4 

Number  of  acres  of  land  327 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $600,000 

Value  of  land   $60,000 

Number  of  volumes  in  library.  . 3.700 

Number  of  faculty   (including  one  principal) 35 

State  appropriation   $70,500 

Income  from  other  sources,  about $5,000 


THE  STONEWALL  JACKSON  MANUAL  TRAINING  AND 
INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL. 

Charles  E.  Boger,  Siiperintendent.  Concord. 

In  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  1907,  the  Stonewall 
Jackson  Manual  Training  and  Industrial  School  was  established. 
The  law  permits  the  school  to  receive  donations,  and  it  is  largely  due 
to  several  liberal-minded  people  that  the  school  has  made  such  won- 
derful progress  for  the  few  years  it  has  been  in  existence.  Mr. 
Ceasar  Cone,  of  Greensboro,  has  furnished  the  material  to  make  the 
work  uniforms  for  the  boys  since  the  opening  of  the  school.  Since 
the  death  of  Mr.  Ceasar  Cone,  Mr.  Barnard  M.  Cone,  in  memory  of 
his  brother  continues  this  contribution.  General  Julian  S.  Carr  of 
Durham,  N.  C,  recently  gave  the  school  $200  to  supply  a  pressing 
and  urgent  need.  In  January,  1909,  the  first  cottage  was  completed, 
wihch  was  the  gift  of  the  King's  Daughters  of  North  Carolina;  it  was 
erected  on  a  298-acre  tract  of  land,  which  was  donated  by  the  city 
of  Concord.  Since  that  time  many  additions  have  been  made:  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  W.  N.  Reynolds,  of  Winston-Salem,  contributed  $1,000  to- 


Normal  "Schools  for  Negroes  and  Indians.  173 

wards  the  building  of  a  barn;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  G.  T.  Roth,  of  Elkin,  fur- 
nished $3,500  to  erect  the  Industrial  Building,  in  which  is  located  the 
school  department,  printing  office,  woodworking  shop,  engine  room, 
and  space  for  the  storage  of  lumber  and  supplies;  the  Administration 
Building  and  two  more  cottages  have  been  constructed.  A  beautiful 
Chapel  has  been  built  of  rough  granite,  which  cost  $6,500.  It  is 
another  gift  of  the  King's  Daughters.  A  thousand  dollar  legacy 
from  the  estate  of  Mr.  Ceasar  Cone  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  school, 
waiting  a  proper  and  appropriate  disposition  of  same.  A  fourth 
cottage  is  now  practically  complete,  giving  room  for  thirty  addi- 
tional boys. 

SUMMARY. 

Opened    1909 

Buildings    11 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $110  000 

Value  of  land   $25,000 

Number  of  acres  of  land  298 

Pupils    97 

STATE  APPROPRIATION. 

Maintenance $22,500 

Permanent  improvements   $7,000 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOLS  FOR  THE  COLORED  RACE  AND  FOR 
THE  CHEROKEE  INDIANS  OF  ROBESON  COUNTY. 

E.  E.  Sams,  Supervisor,  Raleigh. 

The  State  maintains  three  normal  schools  for  the  training  of 
negro  teachers,  and  one  for  the  training  of  teachers  for  the  Cherokee 
Indians  of  Robeson  County.  The  normal  schools  for  the  negroes  are 
located  at  Fayetteville,  Elizabeth  City,  and  Winston-Salem;  the 
school  for  the  Cherokee  Indians  of  Robeson  County  is  located  at 
Pembroke. 

The  first  superintendent  of  these  schools  was  Charles  L.  Coon, 
elected  in  1904.  In  January,  1907,  he  was  succeeded  by  John  Duckett, 
who  died  November  16,  1908.  J.  A.  Bivins  was  superintendent  from 
January,  1909,  until  his  death,  March  2,  1913.  E.  E.  Sams  has  been 
superintendent  since  March,  1913. 

Most  of  the  negro  teachers  in  the  sections  where  these  schools  are 
located  have  received   their  training  in  these   schools.     Industrial. 


174  Educational  Institutions. 

training,  especially  in  domestic  science,  is  required  in  all  of  them. 
In  the  Slater  School  at  Winston-Salem  shop  and  farm  work  are 
taught. 

Two  years  ago  the  State  made  an  appropriation  of  $10,000  for  an 
industrial  building  for  this  school  on  the  condition  that  a  like  sum 
be  raised  from  other  sources.  The  General  Education  Board  made 
a  donation  of  $5,000  for  this  purpose  and  the  citizens  of  Winston- 
SaJem  raised  $10,371  in  addition  thereto.  This  building  is  now  un- 
der construction. 

At  Fayetteville  shop  and  farm  work  are  taught  to  a  limited  extent. 
These  industrial  features  are  not  as  successful  as  they  should  be, 
owing  to  lack  of  funds. 

Eight  years  ago  a  dormitory  was  erected  at  Fayetteville  at  a  cost 
of  about  $10,000;  six  years  ago  one  was  erected  at  Elizabeth  City 
costing  about  $20,000,  including  equipment,  and  four  years  ago  a 
new  dormitory  at  Winston-Salem  was  built  at  a  cost  of  about  $19,000. 
The  State  has  one  dormitory  and  one  administration  building  at  each 
of  these  schools.  At  each  there  is  great  need  for  a  dormitory  for 
boys.  At  present  the  boys  at  Winston-Salem  are  cared  for  in  the 
administration  building,  formerly  occupied  by  the  girls.  At  the 
other  two  schools  there  is  no  provision  whatever  for  dormitories 
for  the  boys.  This  is  the  greatest  present  need.  In  the  lack  of  such 
adequate  provisions  is  the  greatest  moral  menace  and  danger. 

The  trustees  of  the  Indian  Normal  School  at  Pembroke  by  deed, 
made  and  executed  in  the  year  1911,  conveyed  the  title  and  owner- 
ship of  their  property  to  the  State  Board  of  Education.  This  prop- 
erty had  formerly  belonged  to  the  trustees  of  the  Croatan  Normal 
School,  as  it  was  then  styled.  A  dormitory  costing  about  $4,000  was 
erected  three  years  ago,  but  because  of  insufficient  funds  has  not 
been  equipped.  It  is  hoped  that  an  appropriation  of  $1,000  may  be 
made  for  equipment  of  dormitory  and  repairs  to  the  school  building. 


FAYETTEVILLE  COLORED  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

E.  E.  Smith,  Principal. 

Founded    1877" 

Number  of  buildings    3 

Number  of  acres  of  land  39 

Value  of  buildings    $26,000 


Normal  Schools  for  Negroes  and  Indians.  175 

Value  of  land f $4,000 

Value  of  furniture  and  equipment $3,000 

Value  of  livestock  and  vehicles $250 

Number  of  students   (primary)    83 

Number  of  students   (preparatory) 107 

Number  of  students   (normal  and  preparators) 285 

Summer  School  students  231 

Number  of  faculty    11 

State  appropriation  (maintenance)    $5,900 

State  appropriation    (building   and   permanent   im- 
provements)      $3,333.33 


ELIZABETH  CITY  COLORED  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 
P.  W.  Moore,  Principal. 

Founded    1892 

Number  of  buildings 2 

Number  of  acres  of  land 41 

Value  of  buildings    $35  000 

Value  of  land $8,000 

Number  of  students  (primary)    119 

Number  of  students   (preparatory) 182 

Number  of  students    (normal) 99 

Summer  School  students    236 

Number  of  faculty   12 

State  appropriation    (maintenance)    $6,600 

State   appropriation    (building  and   permanent   im- 
provements)      $3,333.33 


STATE  INDUSTRIAL  AND  NORMAL  SCHOOLS  AT 
WINSTON-SALEM. 

S.  G.  Atkins,  Principal. 

Founded    1895 

Number  of  buildings 4 

Number  of  acres  of  land 17 

Value  of  buildings   $51,644.87 

Value  of  land   $10  000 

Other  property,  including  furniture  and  fixtures.  .$14,699.87 

Number  of  volumes  in  library 1,000 

Number  of  students   (preparatory) 366 

Number  of  students    (normal) 211 


176  Educational  Institutions. 

Number  of  students  (summer  school) 150 

State  appropriation  (maintenance)    $7,300 

State   appropriation    for   building   and   permanent 

improvement    $13,333.33 


INDIAN  NORMAL  SCHOOL  AT  PEMBROKE. 
H.  A.  Neal,  Principal. 

Founded     1887 

Number  of  buildings   2 

Number  of  acres  of  land  10 

Value  of  buildings $7,000 

Value  of  land   $500 

Number  of  students   (primary)    31 

Intermediate  and  normal   100 

Number  of  faculty 4 

State  appropriation  (maintenance)    $2,750 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

Charles  L.  Coon   1904-1907 

John  Duckett   1907-1908 

J.  A.  Bivins   1908-1913 

E.  E.  Sams   1913- 


NEGRO  AGRICULTURAL  AND  TECHNICAL  COLLEGE. 

Jas.  H.  Dudley,  President,  Greensboro. 

The  Negro  Agricultural  and  Technical  College  is  located  at  Greens- 
boro. Its  charter  was  granted  March  9,  1891;  the  first  building  was 
completed  in  1893,  and  the  school  opened  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year. 
The  citizens  of  Greensboro  donated  fourteen  acres  of  land,  and 
$11,000  to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  buildings.  In  1893  the 
General  Assembly  supplementel  this  gift  with  an  appropriation 
of  $10,000. 

The  financial  support  of  the  college  comes  from  the  United  States 
Government  under  an  act  of  Congress,  known  as  Morrill  Act,  passed 
August  2,  1890;  and  from  the  State  of  North  Carolina  which  makes 
appropriations  for  maintenance  and  for  improvements. 

The  management  of  the  institution  and  the  care  of  its  property 
is  vested  in  a  board  of  trustees,  consisting  of  fifteen  members  elected 


Negro  Agricultural  and  Technical  College.  177 

by  the  State  Legislature  or  appointed  by  the  Governor,  for  a  term 
of  six  years.  The  trustees  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  have  power 
to  elect  the  president,  teachers  and  as  many  other  officers  and 
servants  as  they  think  necessary. 

This  institution  has  four  brick  buildings,  one  brick  veneered 
building,  three  barns,  a  small  dairy  building,  two  greenhouses,  a 
broom  shop,  a  blacksmith  shop,  a  poultry  plant  and  a  few  smaller 
buildings. 

The  college  confines  its  course  of  study  entirely  to  agricultural 
and  mechanical  education.     No  purely  academic  courses  are  offered. 

The  Agricultural  Department  of  this  institution  is  one  of  the  best 
to  be  found  in  any  Negro  school  in  the  country.  Its  aim  is  to  train 
practical  farmers  and  teachers  of  agriculture.    It  offers  four  courses: 

(1)  A  Four- Year  Course  for  those  who  want  a  well-rounded  agricul- 
tural   education    combined    with    technical    and    practical    training; 

(2)  A  Two-Year  Course  for  those  who  have  little  time  to  spend  in 
school  and  want  to  get  only  such  information  as  bear  directly  on 
their  chosen  vocation;  (3)  A  Winter  Short  Course  for  farm  boys 
who  are  unable  to  get  in  school  until  after  harvesting  their  crop, 
and  who  must  leave  before  the  close  of  school  in  order  to  prepare 
for  another  crop;  (4)  A  One-Week  Course  for  farmers  and  others 
who  can  spend  only  a  limited  time  away  from  their  business. 

Throughout  the  State  and  the  South  may  be  seen  the  splendid 
work  of  the  men  who  have  completed  these  courses.  Some  of  the 
finest  farms  in  this  State  are  managed  by  its  graduates  and  the 
leading  negro  institutions  seek  them  as  teachers  of  agriculture. 
The  farm  demonstration  work  in  this  State  is  to  a  large  extent  be- 
ing done  by  the  graduates  of  this  department. 

Through  farmers'  meetings  and  short  courses  this  department  is 
endeavoring  to  stimulate  the  negro  farmers  in  every  section  of  the 
State. 

In  accordance  with  the  Smith-Hughes  Act  of  1917.  the  State  and 
Federal  authorities  offered  this  institution  $1,000  to  establish  a 
course  in  vocational  agriculture  here  on  condition  that  the  college 
furnish  the  same  amount.  As  the  depleted  treasury  of  the  college 
was  not  in  position  to  furnish  the  amount  required,  the  new  depart- 
ment could  not  have  been  established  had  not  the  loyal  faculty, 
students,  alumni,  and  friends  of  the  college  raised  the  $1,000  to 
meet   the   requirements   of  the   Government.     The   department    was 

12 


178  Educational  Institutions. 

established  in  September,  and  a  well  trained  teacher  has  been  se- 
cured to  take  charge  of  it.  With  the  exception  of  a  class  room,  this 
department  has  no  equipment  of  its  own,  but  works  in  cooperation 
with  the  other  departments.  Its  aim  is  to  train  teachers  of  agricul- 
ture for  the  rural  schools.  A  building  and  equipment  for  the  teach- 
ing of  agriculture  are  greatly  needed  to  increase  the  effectiveness 
of  the  work  of  this  department.  Money  invested  by  the  State  for 
this  purpose  will,  in  course  of  time,  revert  to  the  State  in  the  form 
of  taxes  from  increased  agricultural  productions. 

The  graduates  of  the  Department  of  Mechanic  Arts  have  been  un- 
usually successful  in  establishing  reputations  for  excellent  work 
and  in  consequence  have  reflected  credit  upon  the  work  done  by  the 
college  in  vocational  instruction.  Concrete  evidences  of  the  splendid 
results  that  may  be  obtained  by  completing  one  of  the  courses  in 
mechanic  arts  can  be  seen  in  all  parts  of  this  State  and  in  many 
other  sections  of  the  country.  A  number  of  our  graduates,  because 
of  the  training  received  here,  were  admitted  to  the  Mobile  Ordnance 
Repair  Shop  at  Camp  Funston,  Kansas,  and  are  now  serving  with 
the  colors  in  Prance.  Another  graduate  is  serving  as  a  skilled 
mechanic  in  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  Watervliet,  New  York. 
The  only  licensed  negro  plumber  in  Raleigh,  and  the  only  licensed 
negro  architect  in  the  State  are  graduates  from  this  department. 

More  shop  room  is  needed  so  that  the  work  of  this  department 
may  be  enlarged  and  made  more  effective. 

Some  indications  of  the  usefulness  of  the  college  may  be  sug- 
gested by  the  scope  and  character  of  its  work.  Ever  since  this 
institution  was  established,  it  has  been  the  open  door  of  industrial 
opportunity  for  the  negro  boys  of  this  State.  It  has  added  to  the 
industrial  resources  of  the  State  more  than  500  trained  workers  who 
have  taught  the  lessons  of  patriotism,  thrift  and  right  living  to 
more  than  a  hundred  thousand  negro  men,  women  and  children  in 
this  State. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded     1891 

Number  of  buildings    11 

Number  of  acres  of  land  owned 1281/> 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $131,000 

Value  of  land   $31  000 

Number  of  volumes  in  library 2,500 

Number  of  regular  students    388 

Number  of  S.  A.  T.  C.  students 293 

Total  number  of  students   681 


Caswell  Training  School.  179 

Number  of  faculty 20' 

Income  from  State  appropriation $15,000 

Income  from  Federal  appropriation 16,500 

PRESIDENTS. 

John  O.  Crosby   1892  1896 

James  K.  Dudley  1896- 


THE  CASWELL  TRAINING  SCHOOL.* 

C.  B.  McNairy,  M.D.,  Superintendent,  Kinston. 

The  Legislature  of  1915  changed  the  name  of  this  institution  from 
the  North  Carolina  School  for  the  Feeble-minded  to  the  Caswell 
Training  School,  and  appropriated  $14,000  for  a  new  dormitory  for 
girls,  and  $2,500  for  repairs.  A  building  was  erected  which  accom- 
modates 80  pupils;  the  first  floor  is  used  exclusively  for  low-grade 
idiots,  the  second  floor  for  imbeciles.  The  institution  has  now  en- 
rolled 60  boys,  and  119  girls,  with  4  regular  teachers,  10  matrons, 
and  12  other  helpers,  including  those  in  charge  of  the  different  de- 
partments inside  the  building  and  out. 

Owing  to  the  advance  in  the  price  of  everything  and  the  lack  of 
proper  equipment  for  carrying  on  the  school  work  as  planned,  the 
authorities  were  compelled  to  take  the  wood-carving  and  carpenter 
shop  building  for  rooms  for  help. 

In  order  that  we  may  carry  out  the  purpose  of  the  institution, 
segregate,  care  for,  train,  and  educate  these  mental  defectives  along 
such  lines  as  their  mentality  will  permit,  and  disseminate  knowledge 
concerning  the  extent  and  menace  of  mental  defectiveness  and  sug- 
gest and  initiate  methods  for  its  control  and  ultimate  eradication 
from  our  people,  our  necessities  are:  better  equipment  along  all 
lines,  more  school  room,  industrial  building,  mechanical  equipment, 
cold  storage,  extra  boiler  for  heating,  more  water,  more  room  for 
matrons  and  attendants,  extra  team,  farm  machinery,  motor  truck, 
etc. 

Our  Opportunity :  We  have  300  applicants  now  asking  for  admis- 
sion, that  they  may  have  the  care,  protection,  and  training  of  the 
institution.  This  will  necessitate  a  new  building  which  will  cost 
approximately  $250  to  $275  per  bed. 


*Brought  forward  from  the  Manual  of  1017.     The  editor  regrets  that  he  has 
been  unable  to  secure  a  revised  statement  bringing  the  data  up-to-date. 


180  Educational  Institutions. 

summary. 

Founded    1911 

Number  of  buildings   *4 

Number  of  acres  of  land 900 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $110,000 

Value  of  land   $30,000 

Number  of  pupils   179 

Number  of  faculty 26 

Income  from  State    (1916) $40,000 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

Dr.  Ira  M.  Hardy 1911-1913 

Dr.  C.  Banks  McNairy 1914-1916 


*Besides   cottages   and   outbuildings,   barns,    etc. 


PART  VI. 


STATE  CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 


1.  Central  Hospital  foe  the  Insane. 

2.  Western  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

3.  Eastern  Hospital  for  the  [Negro]   Insane. 

4.  North  Carolina  Sanatorium  for  the  Treatment  of 

Tuberculosis. 

5.  North  Carolina  State  Orthopedic  Hospital- 

School. 

6.  Oxford  Orphan  Asylum  for  White  Children. 

7.  North  Carolina  Orphanage  for  the  Colored  Race. 

8.  The  Soldiers'  Home. 

9.  Confederate  Woman's  Home. 


CENTRAL  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Albert  Anderson,  M.D.,  Superintendent,  Raleigh. 

The  State  Hospital  at  Raleigh  is  situated  in  the  city  of  Raleigh. 
The  house  was  erected  on  the  apex  of  the  watershed  between  Walnut 
Creek  on  the  south  and  Rocky  Branch  on  the  north,  and  is  drained 
in  the  best  natural  sanitary  manner  possible. 

Every  one  knows  that  this  institution  was  built  for  the  unfortu- 
nate of  North  Carolina  by  the  unceasing  and  persistent  efforts  of 
Miss  Dorothy  Dix,  who  appeared  before  the  Legislature  in  1848  and, 
with  the  effective  help  and  eloquent  plea  of  Hon.  James  C.  Dobbin 
of  Fayetteville,  secured  the  passage  of  the  bill  by  a  vote  of  101  yeas 
to  10  nays. 

The  act  provided  for  the  appointment  of  six  commissioners,  John 
M.  Morehead,  of  Guilford;  Calvin  Graves,  of  Caswell;  T.  N.  Cameron, 
of  Cumberland;  G.  W.  Mordecai,  of  Wake;  C.  L.  Hinton,  of  Wake, 
and  G.  0.  Watson,  of  Johnston,  to  select  and  purchase  a  tract  of  land 
upon  which  to  erect  a  building  for  the  purpose  of  providing  for  the 
insane.  These  commissioners  did  their  work  without  compensa- 
tion, and  that  they  did  it  well  is  manifested  by  the  elegant  and  sub- 
stantial structure  upon  this  site. 

In  1856  the  building  was  near  enough  to  completion  for  the  first 
board  of  directors  to  instruct  Dr.  E.  C.  Fisher  to  order  in  40  patients, 
Dr.  Fisher  having  been  elected  superintendent  by  the  board.  Dr. 
Fisher  held  this  office  until  July  7,  1868,  when  he  was  superseded  by 
Dr.  Eugene  Grissom.  Dr.  Grissom  held  the  office  until  succeeded  by 
Dr.  William  K.  Wood,  of  Halifax  County,  who  remained  in  office  but 
a  short  while  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  George  L.  Kirby,  who  died 
of  pneumonia  in  February,  1901.  Dr.  James  McKee  was  elected  the 
following  March  as  his  successor.  He  died  in  office  in  1912  and  was 
succeeded  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Picot,  who  was  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  one  year.  On  May  14,  1913,  Dr.  Albert  Anderson,  of  Raleigh, 
N.  C,  was  elected  for  a  term  of  six  years. 

The  Legislatures  have  gradually  awakened  to  the  necessity  of  pro- 
viding for  the  insane.  The  Legislature  of  1914  gave  the  Hospital 
$40,000,  and  with  it  a  more  commodious  fireproof  building  was 
erected,  with  a  capacity  of  80  additional  female  patients.  The  Legis- 
lature of  1907  enacted  a  law  providing  for  a  Hospital  Commission, 


184  State  Charitable  Institutions. 

and  gave  them  $500,000  to  add  to  the  building  and  erect  upon  the 
grounds  such  structures  as  would  be  conducive  to  the  comfort  and 
restoration  of  the  health  of  the  insane.*  A  storehouse  was  the  first 
building  put  up  by  the  Commission,  at  a  cost  of  $4,200;  then  a  car- 
penter shop  at  a  cost  of  $3,800.  Next  an  annex  for  100  men  at  a 
cost  of  $48,265. 

In  1908  the  Commission  disbursed  the  following  amounts:  In 
February,  $11,405.75  for  heating,  plumbing,  sewer  pipes,  sewers,  and 
an  addition  to  complete  storeroom;  in  October,  1908,  one  building  for 
women,  $21,900;  three  groups  of  buildings,  making  nine,  at  $14,813 
apiece,  one  of  these  groups  being  for  male  convalescent  patients  and 
the  other  two  for  male  and  female  epileptics,  respectively,  and  with 
the  cost  of  sewer  and  pipe  connections  with  the  A.  and  M.  College, 
costing  $500,  aggregating  $66,919. 

The  Legislature  of  1915  gave  $5,000  for  repairing  and  improving 
the  heating  plant,  and  $35,000  for  erecting  a  receiving  building. 
Out  of  the  receipt  account  of  the  institution  our  board  ordered  a 
nurses'  home  built,  costing  $23,000,  and  the  equipment  of  the  above 
two  buildings  with  plumbing  fixtures  and  heating  outfit  at  a  cost  of 
several  thousand  dollars. 

SUMMARY. 

'  Founded    1856 

Number  of  buildings   17 

Number  of  acres  of  land 1,311 

Total  number  patients  under  treatment  last  2  years.       1,450 

Number  of  attendants  and  nurses 70 

Annual    appropriation    $207,500 


STATE  HOSPITAL  AT  MORGANTON. 

John  McCamtbell,  M.D.,  Superintendent. 

The  appropriation  for  maintenance  for  the  past  two  years  was 
$237,500.  This  amount  was  insufficient  and  was  $25,000  annually 
less  than  the  estimate  set  forth  in  the  Biennial  Report  two  years 
ago.  As  a  consequence,  we  have  been  enforced  to  incur  a  debt  of 
$75,000  in  our  maintenance  account. 

The  cost  of  living  has  advanced  from  50  to  100  per  cent,  and  we 
will   need  for  support  during  1919   $331,200  and  for  1920  $354,200. 


t$53,500  of  this  amount  was  specifically  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  land. 


Hospital  for  Negro  Insane.  185 

This  estimate  is  based  upon  a  capacity  of  1,440  and  1,540  patients  for 
1919  and  1920,  respectively. 

The  appropriation  made  for  enlargement  and  improvement  two 
years  ago,  amounting  to  $200,000,  distributed  over  six  years,  will 
meet  our  needs  in  the  way  of  increased  capacity  and  improvements. 

SUMMARY. 

Institution   founded    1875 

Number  of  buildings 14 

Number  of  acres  of  land 900 

Number  of  inmates 1,330 

Number  of  attendants   100 

Annual  appropriation    $237,500 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

Dr.  P.  L.  Murphy 1882-1907 

Dr.  John  McCampbell 1907- 


EASTERN  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE   [NEGRO]  INSANE. 

W.  W.  Faison,  M.D.,  Superintendent,  Goldsboro,  N.  C. 

December  2,  1918. 
This  institution  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  August 
1,    1880.     The   number    of  patients    received   since   its   beginning   is 
5,783.     Number  discharged,  4,789.     Number  of  patients  remaining  on 
roll,  994. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1880 

Number  of  buildings 13 

Number  of  acres  of  land 720 

Value  of  buildings  and  equipment $421,700 

Value  of  land   $75,000 

Number  of  inmates  994 

Number  of  attendants   40 

State  appropriation  per  annum $125,000 

superintendents. 

W.  H.  Moore   1880-1882 

J.  D.  Roberts   1882-1888 

J.  F.  Miller 1888-1906 

W.  W.  Faison  1906- 


186  State  Charitable  Institutions. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  SANATORIUM  FOR  TREATMENT  OF  ' 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

L.  B.  McBrayer,  M.D.,  Superintendent,  Sanatorium,  N.  C. 

The  North  Carolina  Sanatorium  for  Treatment  of  Tuberculosis 
was  established  by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1907,  which 
appropriated  for  the  purpose  $15,000  for  construction  and  $5,000  for 
annual  maintenance.  Since  then  the  annual  maintenance  fund  has 
been  increased  to  $25,000,  while  the  General  Assembly  of  1913  appro- 
priated $20,000,  and  the  General  Assembly  of  1915  $60,000,  for  per- 
manent improvements.  The  control  of  the  sanatorium  is  vested  in 
a  board  of  directors  composed  of  twelve  members  who  are  appointed 
by  the  Governor,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
who  is  ex  officio  a  member  of  the  board.  The  board  of  directors  are 
authorized  to  prescribe  the  duties  of  the  Superintendent,  who  must 
be  a  skilled  physician,  of  good  moral  character  and  good  business 
habits,  and  otherwise  qualified  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  office. 
His  term  of  office  is  two  years.  He  has  authority  to  emply  subordi- 
nate officials  and  employees. 

All  of  the  old  buildings  have  recently  been  repaired,  repainted, 
and  screened,  the  kitchen  equipped  with  a  new  tile  floor  and  mod- 
ern cooking  utensils.  Water  is  supplied  from  artesian  wells.  All 
buildings  are  heated  and  lighted  from  a  central  power  plant. 

SUMMARY. 

Number  of  buildings   25 

Value  of  buildings    $200,000 

Number  of  acres  of  land 1,200 

Value  of  land   $24,000 

Number  of  patients    130 

Annual    appropriation    for   maintenance $40,000 

Receipts  from  patients'  fees $42,843.75 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

J.  E.  Brooks,  M.D 1907-1912 

M.  E.  Street,  M.D 1912-1914 

L.  B.  McBrayer,  M.D 1914- 


Oxford  Orphan  Asylum.  187 

NORTH  CAROLINA  STATE  ORTHOPAEDIC  HOSPITAL-SCHOOL. 

Robert  B.  Babington,  President,  Gastonia,  N.  C. 

The  North  Carolina  State  Orthopaedic  Hospital-School  for  the 
conservation,  maintenance,  and  saving  of  the  crippled,  deformed,  and 
diseased  orphans  and  poor  children  of  North  Carolina  of  sound 
mind,  was  chartered  in  April,  1914.  It  was  created  a  State  institu- 
tion by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1917,  which  appropriated 
$20,000  for  permanent  improvements,  and  $7,500  annually  for  main- 
tenance. The  site  of  the  institution  is  in  the  center  of  a  twenty- 
eight  acre  block,  two  miles  west  of  Gastonia,  on  the  Newhope  asphalt 
road,  beautifully  situated"  on  a  high  hill,  at  an  elevation  of  1,000 
feet.  It  is  well  watered  and  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  grove.  No 
permanent  buildings  have  yet  been  erected,  as  the  authorities  of  the 
institution  deemed  it  wise  not  to  attempt  the  erection  of  any  build- 
ings until  after  the  war  with  Germany.  The  institution  is  managed 
by  a  Board  of  Trustees  consisting  of  seven  members  appointed  by  the 
Governor,  of  which  the  Governor  is  ex  officio  chairman. 

SUMMARY. 

Chartered    1910 

Number  of  acres  of  land  28.5 

Value  of  land   $14,500 

Annual  maintenance  fund    $7,500 


OXFORD  ORPHAN  ASYLUM,  (For  White  Children.) 

R.  L.  Brown,  Superintendent,  Oxford. 

In  the  year  1872  the  Oxford  Orphan  Asylum  was  established  by 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ancient,  Free  and  Accepted  Order  of  Masons  of 
North  Carolina. 

It  was  the  first  institution  of  its  character  established  in  the  State 
and  one  of  the  first  in  the  South. 

This  property  was  originally  the  old  St.  John's  College,  and  was 
established  in  1855  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  North  Carolina  for  edu- 
cational purposes.  After  being  tried  for  a  number  of  years  and 
proving  a  failure  financially,  the  Grand  Lodge  in  1872  decided  to  turn 
the  property  into  a  home  for  the  orphan  children  of  the  State. 


188  State  Charitable  Institutions. 

This  was  accomplished  largely  through  the  instrumentality  of  John 
H.  Mills,  who  offered  the  resolution  at  the  meeting  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  and  worked  for  its  adoption  without  very  great  encourage- 
ment. It  was,  therefore,  quite  fitting  that  he  should  have  heen 
chosen  to  be  the  first  superintendent  of  the  Orphanage. 

The  purpose  of  the  institution  is  to  provide  a  temporary  home  and 
training  school  for  the  homeless  boys  and  girls  of  the  State. 

The  conditions  of  admission  of  the  white  children  of  North  Caro- 
lina are:  That  they  are  really  destitute  and  homeless;  that  they  are 
of  sound  mind  and  body;  and  they  are  not  over  twelve  years  of  age. 

The  benefits  of  Oxford  Orphan  Asylum  have  never  been  restricted 
to  the  children  of  Masons  alone.  Only  about  22  per  cent  of  its  chil- 
dren had  fathers  who  were  Masons. 

About  3,300  children  have  received  the  care  and  training  of  the 
institution  since  1872. 

The  institution  is  providing  the  necessities  of  life  for  these  chil- 
dren, the  opportunity  to  acquire  an  English  education,  industrial 
training  in  cottages,  kitchen,  sewing  room,  domestic  science,  laundry, 
shoe  shop,  printing  office,  telegraphy  and  typewriting,  woodworking 
shop,  dairy,  and  on  farm.  Each  child  is  in  school  at  least  the  half 
of  each  school  day  during  the  school  term  of  nine  months.  Moral 
and  religious  instruction  is  prominent  in  the  work. 

In  recognition  of  the  services  of  the  Oxford  Orphan  Asylum,  its 
value  to  our  commonwealth  in  its  work,  the  State  of  North  Carolina 
appropriates  $20,000  annually  to  aid  in  its  maintenance  and  ex- 
tension. 

Annually  a  report  of  the  operations  of  the  institution  is  made  to 
the  Governor  of  the  State  and  to  the  State  Board  of  Public  Charities, 
and  to  the  Grand  Lodge. 

At  the  request  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons,  the  State  of  North 
Carolina  is  represented  by  three  members  on  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Orphanage.     These  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    •  1872 

Number  of  buildings    26 

Number  of  acres  of  land 242 

Value  of  land,  buildings,  and  equipment $300,000 

Number  of  volumes  in  library 1,800 

Number  of  children  in  institution  (Nov.  1,  1918) . . .  340 

Number  of  officers  and  teachers 36 


Orphanage  for  Negro  Race.  189 

Annual  income   (State  appropriation) $20,000 

Annual  income  (other  sources) $53,248.34 

Annual  per  capita  cost $123.60 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 

J.  H.  Mills 1872-1882 

B.  F.  Dixon  1883-1890 

Julius  T.  Harris  (Sept.  1-Nov.  21) 1890- 

B.  P.  Dixon   (Nov.  21-Dec.  31) 1890- 

W.  S.  Black 1891-1894 

N.  M.  Lawrence 1894-1898 

W.  J.  Hicks 1898-1911 

R.  L.  Brown   1911- 


NORTH  CAROLINA  ORPHANAGE  FOR  THE  COLORED  PACE. 

Henry  P.  Cheatham,  Superintendent,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

The  North  Carolina  Orphanage  for  the  Colored  Race  was  founded 
in  1883  as  the  result  of  the  joint  efforts  of  Rev.  Augustus  Shepard, 
then  pastor  of  the  colored  Bapitst  Church  in  Henderson,  and  Henry 
P.  Cheatham,  then  a  teacher  in  the  Henderson  public  schools.  Their 
plans  contemplated  the  establishment  of  an  orphanage  in  North 
Carolina  for  the  fatherless  and  homeless  children  of  the  colored  race 
without  regard  to  religious  sects.  Calling  together  certain  leaders 
of  the  colored  race,  they  laid  their  plans  before  them.  The  plans 
were  adopted,  a  board  of  directors  elected,  and  a  site  purchased  for 
the  orphanage  about  a  mile  and  a  half  south  of  the  town  of  Oxford. 
Upon  this  site  were  two  old  and  dilapidated  buildings,  which  were 
repaired  and  put  into  immediate  use.  During  the  first  ten  years  of 
its  existence  the  Orphanage  was  entirely  dependent  upon  the 
churches.  Sunday  schools,  and  sympathetic  individuals  for  support, 
together  with  what  the  children  could  earn  by  cultivating  the  six 
acres  of  land  then  belonging  to  the  Orphanage.  In  1892  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Masons  of  North  Carolina  adopted  a  provision  allowing  the 
Orphanage  annually  .ten  per  cent  of  its  gross  receipts,  and  in  1893 
the  General  Assembly  began  to  make  a  small  annual  appropriation, 
which  now  amounts  to  $8,000. 

SUMMARY. 

Founded    1883 

Number  of  buildings   10 

Number  of  acres  of  land 234 


190  State  Charitable  Institutions. 

Value  of  land,  buildings  and  equipment $60,000 

Number  of  children  in  institution 185 

Number  of  officers,  teachers  and  helpers' 9 

Annual  appropriation  from  State $8,000 

Other  sources   (for  1918) $4,578 

Annual  per  capita  cost $112 

superintendents. 

Rev.  Joshua  Perry  1883-1884 

Miss  Bessie  Hackins 1884- 

Rev.  Walter  A.  Patillo 1886-1887 

Rev.  Robert  Shepherd  1887-1907 

Henry  P.  Cheatham 1907- 


THE  SOLDIERS'  HOME.* 

Col.  D.  H.  Milton,  Superintendent,  High  Point. 

So  far  as  can  be  ascertained  from  the  records  on  file  in  the  office 
of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  a  home  for  indigent  Confederate  soldiers  was 
first  established  in  a  rented  house  at  the  corner  of  Polk  and  Blood- 
worth  streets,  in  the  city  of  Raleigh,  and  declared  to  be  opened  on 
October  15,  1890,  with  five  inmates.  W.  C.  Stronach,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  acted  as  Superintend- 
ent and  looked  after  the  personal  comforts  of  the  men. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1891,  chapter  60,  Private  Laws,  incor- 
porated Gen.  Robert  F.  Hoke,  Col.  William  L.  Saunders,  Col.  A.  B. 
Andrews,  Capt.  S.  A.  Ashe,  Gen.  Rufus  Barringer,  Gen.  A.  M.  Scales, 
Gen.  Robert  B.  Vance,  Gen.  Thomas  L.  Clingman,  Gen.  W.  P.  Roberts, 
Gen.  Julian  S.  Carr,  Capt.  Thomas  J.  Jarvis,  Col.  W.  P.  Wood,  Gen. 
Matt.  W.  Ransom  and  other  members  of  the  Confederate  Veterans' 
Association,  under  the  name  and  style  of  "The  Soldiers'  Home  Asso- 
ciation," and  conferred  upon  this  association  the  usual  corporate 
powers.  The  act  gave  to  the  Soldiers'  Home  Association  a  tract  of 
land  near  the  eastern  section  of  the  city  of  Raleigh,  known  as  Camp 
Russell,  to  be  used  for  the  purposes  of  a  soldiers'  home,  and,  if  it 
should  cease  to  be  so  used,  to  revert  to  and  belong  to  the  State.  The 
same  act  appropriated  $3,000  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Soldiers' 
Home  and  the  support  of  its  inmates.  Section  6  of  the  act  is  as 
follows: 


*This  article  was  prepared  for  the  Manual  by  Capt.  W.  F.  Drake. 


Soldiers'  Home.  191 

"The  directors  shall  cause  to  be  kept  a  minute-book  of  the  home, 
in  which  full  entries  shall  be  kept  concerning  memorable  incidents 
in  the  lives  of  its  inmates.  They  shall  also  take  steps  to  form  a 
museum  of  Confederate  relics  and  to  perpetuate  such  historical 
records  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  of  North  Carolina  as  they  shall 
find  it  practicable  to  do." 

The  act  was  ratified  February  14,  1901. 

On  April  27,  1891,  the  number  of  inmates  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
having  increased  to  nine,  they  were  removed  to  an  old  building  at 
Camp  Russell  which  had  been  fitted  up  for  the  purposes  of  the  home. 
Miss  Mary  Williams  was  appointed  matron,  and  served  in  that  capac- 
ity until  February  15,  1893,  when  Capt.  J.  H.  Fuller  was  made  resi- 
dent superintendent.  On  February  1,  1898,  Superintendent  Fuller 
resigned.  Feebleness  of  age  and  the  increase  in  number  of  inmates 
had  made  the  duties  too  arduous  for  one  of  his  strength. 

Capt.  R.  H.  Brooks  was  elected  to  succeed  Captain  Fuller,  and 
served  until  his  death  on  June  14,  1910.  The  number  of  inmates 
continued  to  increase  during  his  term,  and  the  necessity  for  new  and 
larger  buildings  became  urgent.  A  dormitory  was  built  to  accommo- 
date 70  inmates,  and  furnished  by  liberal  donations  from  the  Daugh- 
ters of  the  Confederacy  and  others.  A  large  hospital  was  built,  medi- 
cal attention  given,  nurses  employed,  water,  sewerage,  and  electric 
lights  provided,  and  the  grounds  made  attractive.  Such  heavy  ex- 
pense exceeded  the  appropriation  made  by  the  State,  and  at  the  close 
of  Captain  Brooks'  term  the  books  showed  the  home  to  be  in  arrears 
to  the  extent  of  $6,000;  but  all  felt  confident  that  the  Legislature 
would  provide  for  the  deficiency. 

Capt.  W.  S.  Lineberry  was  elected  to  succeed  Captain  Brooks,  and 
entered  upon  his  duties  July  20,  1910. 

Col.  D.  H.  Milton,  who  was  elected  to  succeed  Capt.  W.  S.  Line- 
berry,  September  26,  1916.  took  charge  October  1,  1916. 

An  appropriation  of  $35,000  was  made  by  the  Legislature  of  1915 
for  the  support  of  the  home.  The  home  is  now  out  of  lebt;  the 
buildings  bright  with  new  paint;  the  grounds  ornamented  with  trees 
and  shrubbery,  and  the  walks  clean.  The  comrades  are,  as  a  rule, 
contented.  The  fare  is  good,  the  rooms  comfortable,  the  regulations 
reasonable,  and  an  air  of  cheerfulness  pervades.  All  this  has  come 
from  the  humble  beginning  of  October,  1890. 


192  State  Charitable  Institutions. 


summary. 

Founded    1890 

Number  of  comrades  received  since  its  founding...  1,310 

Number  received  since  last  report 105 

Number  of  comrades  died  since  its  founding 616 

Number  died  since  last  report 55 

Number  of  comrades  in  the  Home,  December  1,  1918  138 

superintendents. 

Miss  Mary  Williams  1891-1893 

Capt.  J.  H.  Fuller  1893-1898 

Capt.  R.  H.  Brooks  1898-1910 

Capt.  W.  S.  Lineberry 1910-1916 

Col.  D.  H.  Milton 1916-1918 


THE  CONFEDERATE  WOMAN'S  HOME. 

Miss  Fannie  C.  Watters,  Superintendent,  Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

The  Confederate  Woman's  Home  of  North  Carolina  was  established 
by  chapter  62  of  the  Public  Laws  of  1913.  The  act  incorporated  the 
Confederate  Woman's  Home  Association,  with  Julian  S.  Carr,  John 
H.  Thorpe.  Robert  H.  Ricks,  Robert  H.  Bradley,  E.  R.  Preston, 
Simon  B.  Taylor,  Joseph  F.  Spainhour.  A.  D.  McGill,  M.  Leslie  Davis, 
T.  T.  Thorne  and  W.  A.  Grier  as  incorporators.  The  object  of  the 
Association  was  "to  establish,  maintain  and  govern  a  home  for 
deserving,  needy  and  dependent  wives  and  widows  of  North  Carolina 
Confederate  soldiers,  and  other  worthy  dependent  women  of  the  Con- 
federacy who  are  bona  fide  residents  of  this  State."  Ample  power 
for  carrying  out  this  purpose  was  conferred  by  the  act  upon  the 
Association.  The  act  authorized  the  Governor  to  appoint  a  board 
of  directors  of  seven  members  who  should  be  the  governing  board 
of  the  institution.  The  board  appointed  by  the  Governor  consisted 
of  J.  A.  Turner.  James  A.  Bryan,  W.  H.  Bahnson,  Haywood  Parker, 
A.  G.  McGill  and  Ashley  Home.  Upon  the  death  of  Colonel  Home, 
the  Governor  appointed  T.  T.  Thorne  to  the  vacancy.  An  advisory 
board  of  women  managers  was  established  to  assist  the  board  of 
directors  in  the  equipment  and  management  of  the  Home.  The 
State  appropriates  $5,000  annually  for  its  maintenance. 


Confederate  Woman's  Home.  193 


BOARD   OF   DIRECTORS. 

J.  A.  Bryan,  Chairman New  Bern. 

J.  A.  Turner,  Secretary Louisburg. 

J.  S.  Carr,  Durham.  A.  D.  McGill,  Fayetteville. 

W.  H.  White,  Oxford.  T.  T.  Thorne,  Rocky  Mount. 

George  M.  Rose,  Fayetteville. 

advisory  board. 

Mrs.  Hunter  G.  Smith.  Mrs.  Eugene  Little. 

Mrs.  Harllee  Townsend.  Mrs.  Marshall  Williams. 

Mrs.  M.  O.  Winstead.  Mrs.  Herbert  McCullers. 

Mrs.  B.  H  Griffin.  Mrs.  T.  W.  Bickett. 

Mrs.  T.  B.  Reynolds.  Mrs.  T.  W.  Thrash. 

Mrs.  E.  R.  McKeithan. 


13 


PART  VII. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


1.  The  North  Carolina  Railroad  Company. 

2.  The  Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Railroad 

Company. 

3.  The  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society. 

4.  North  Carolina  State  Capitol. 

5.  State  Administration  Building. 

6.  North  Carolina  Day. 

7.  Legal  Holidays  in  North  Carolina. 

8.  State  Flag. 

9.  The  Great  Seal. 

10.  State  Motto  and  Its  Origin. 

11.  The  Confederate  Museum  at  Richmond. 


THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  RAILROAD  COMPANY.* 

A.  H.  Ellee,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.^ 

The  greatest  of  all  enterprises  so  far  attempted  by  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  in  the  nature  of  a  public  or  internal  improvement 
was  the  building  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad  from  Goldsboro  by- 
way of  Raleigh,  Greensboro  and  Salisbury,  to  Charlotte. 

Considering  the  experimental  state  of  railroading  at  that  time,  the 
dread  of  public  or  private  indebtedness,  and  the  limited  resources, 
the  movement  was  a  monumental  enterprise — and  one  in  advance  of 
anything  attempted  by  almost  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  The 
success,  however,  which  has  crowned  the  labors  and  sacrifices  of  our 
fathers  has  established  beyond  all  question  that  their  wisdom  was 
equal  to,  or  superior  to,  any  displayed  before  or  since  their  day. 

In  1833  the  Raleigh  and  Gaston  Railroad  Company  and  the  Wil- 
mington and  Raleigh,  afterwards  known  as  the  Wilmington  and  Wel- 
don  Railroad  Company,  were  chartered,  and  later  these  roads  were 
built.  In  1848  the  former  was  in  the  hands  of  the  State,  and  was  in 
a  bankrupt  condition  for  the  want  of  patronage.  It  was  necessary  to 
give  it  some  connection,  or  to  extend  it.  At  the  session  of  Novem- 
ber, 1848,  the  western  counties  urged  a  charter  for  a  road  from 
Charlotte  to  Danville,  asking  no  State  aid;  but  the  eastern  members 
opposed  that  project.  The  finances  of  the  State  were  in  such  an 
impoverished  condition  that  it  was  generally  deemed  impracticable 
for  the  State  to  give  any  considerable  aid  to  any  railroad;  but  Wil- 
liam S.  Ashe,  the  Democratic  Senator  from  New  Hanover,  intro- 
duced a  bill  to  construct  a  road  from  Goldsboro  to  Charlotte,  under 
the  name  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  appropriating  two  mil- 
lions of  dollars  for  that  purpose,  on  condition,  however,  that  private 
parties  would  subscribe  one  million,  and  to  secure  the  payment  of  the 
State  bonds,  when  issued,  a  lien  was  given  on  the  State's  stock. 

When  the  western  men  brought  up  the  Charlotte  and  Danville  bill 
in  the  House,  Stanley  and  other  eastern  men  opposed  it  so  bitterly 
that  it  could  not  pass,  and  then  in  a  dramatic  scene,  the  friends  of 
internal  imporvement  agreed  to  send  to  the  Senate  and  take  the 


*This  article  is  brought  forward  from  the  Manual  of  1913.  The  editor  regrets 
that  he  has  been  unable  to  secure  from  the  present  secretary  of  the  company  a  re- 
vised statement  bringing  it  up  to  date. 

fThe  writer  acknowledges  his  indebtedness  to  Capt.  S.  A.  Ashe  for  the  historical 
data  contained  in  this  sketch. 


198  Miscellaneous. 

Ashe  bill  from  the  files  and  offer  it  as  a  substitute.  After  a  great 
and  prolonged  struggle  the  bill  passed  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
the  Senate  it  failed  by  an  adverse  majority  of  one;  but  the  Senator 
from  Cumberland  was  led  to  support  it  by  passing  the  bill  for  the 
State  to  build  the  plank  road  from  Fayetteville  to  Salem;  and  then 
the  vote  in  the  Senate  was  a  tie.  Speaker  Graves,  who  had  up  to 
that  moment  maintained  an  impenetrable  silence  as  to  the  measure, 
broke  the  tie  in  favor  of  building  the  road  by  State  aid;  and  the 
measure  was  passed.  Speaker  Graves  was  never  again  elected  to  any 
office  by  the  vote  of  his  people. 

To  secure  the  needed  one  million  of  private  stock,  Speaker  Graves, 
Governor  Morehead  and  Mr.  William  Boylan  made  great  exertions, 
and  by  their  efforts,  aided  by  Joseph  Caldwell,  Governor  W.  A.  Gra- 
ham, Paul  C.  Cameron  and  others,  the  necessary  stock  was  eventu- 
ally raised.  On  January  29,  1856,  the  railroad  was  ready  for  passage 
of  trains  from  Goldsboro  to  Charlotte,  and  charters  had  been  granted 
for  two  other  roads — from  Goldsboro  to  Morehead  City  and  from 
Salisbury  to  the  Tennessee  line. 

By  act  ratified  14th  of  February,  1855.  the  General  Assembly  in- 
creased the  capital  stock  to  $4,000,000,  and  subscribed  for  the  State 
the  whole  of  the  added  capital.  From  that  time  till  now  the  State 
has  owned  three-fourths  and  individuals  one-fourth  of  this  road. 

The  first  president  of  the  company  was  Governor  John  M.  More- 
head,  to  whom  so  much  was  due  for  securing  the  subscription  of  the 
private  stock,  and  under  his  direction  the  road  was  constructed.  His 
successors  were  Charles  F.  Fisher,  of  Rowan;  Paul  C.  Cameron, 
Josiah  Turner,  Jr.,  of  Orange,  and  William  A.  Smith,  of  Johnston. 
During  the  administration  of  Mr.  Smith  the  road  was,  on  the  11th 
day  of  September,  1871,  leased  to  the  Richmond  and  Danville  Rail- 
road Company  for  thirty  years,  at  a  rental  of  6  per  cent  per  annum. 
The  subsequent  presidents  of  the  company  have  been:  Thomas  M. 
Holt,  Lee  S.  Overman,  S.  B.  Alexander,  J.  F.  Kornegay,  R.  M.  Nor- 
ment,  J.  L.  Armstrong,  H.  G.  Chatham,  Charles  M.  Stedman  and 
Benehan  Cameron. 

On  the  16th  day  of  August,  1895,  in  view  of  the  approaching  termi- 
nation of  the  lease,  the  property  was  leased  to  the  Southern  Railway 
Company  for  a  term  of  ninety-nine  years  at  an  annual  rental  of 
6y2  per  cent  for  six  years  and  7  per  cent  for  the  remaining  ninety- 
three  years,  and  the  stock  of  the  company  was  selling  at  $186  per 
share  until  the  panic  of  1907. 


North  Carolina  Railroad  Company.  199 

On  the  readjustment  of  the  debt  of  the  State,  the  State  renewed 
the  bonds  issued  for  the  purchase  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad 
stock,  pledging  the  original  lien  on  the  stock  for  the  payment  of  the 
debt. 

Col.  Peter  B.  Ruffin  for  more  than  thirty  years  was  the  faithful 
and  efficient  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  company. 

The  secretaries  of  the  company  in  the  order  of  their  election  and 
service  are  as  follows:  Cyrus  P.  Mendenhall,  Julius  B.  Ramsey,  R.  M. 
Mills,  F.  A.  Stagg,  J.  A.  McCauley,  W.  F.  Thornburg,  P.  B.  Ruffin, 
H.  B.  Worth,  Spencer  B.  Adams,  D.  H.  McLean,  and  A.  H.  Filer. 

The  State,  as  is  well  known,  has  continued  to  own  its  $3,000,000  of 
the  original  capital  stock,  and  has  acquired  two  (2)  additional  shares, 
thus  giving  it  30,002  shares,  at  par  value  amounting  to  $3,000,200, 
which,  however,  at  the  recent  market  value  aggregates  $5,580,372'. 
And  it  is  confidently  believed  that  if  the  State  desired  to  part  with  a 
controlling  interest  in  the  company,  its  stock  would  command  a 
much  greater  price,  and  those  who  have  watched  the  constant  ad- 
vance in  the  price  of  this  stock  expect  it  to  go  to  $200  per  share  at  an 
early  day. 

Under  the  lease  of  1871  to  the  Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad 
Company,  the  company  could  not  have  claimed  the  betterments  made 
by  the  lessee;  but  under  the  present  lease  the  company  is  not  only 
amply  secured  by  bond  for  the  prompt  payment  of  its  lease  money 
and  organization  expenses,  to  wit,  $143,000,  on  the  first  day  of  Janu- 
ary and  July  of  each  year,  but  upon  the  termination  of  said  lease 
for  any  cause  the  company  acquires  the  betterments  made  thereon. 

In  addition  to  the  railroad  and  rolling  stock  leased  to  the  Southern 
Railway  Company,  the  company  still  owns  valuable  lands  in  and 
about  Company  Shops,  now  known  as  the  city  of  Burlington. 

When  the  board  of  directors  appointed  -by  Governor  Aycock  took 
charge  of  the  company's  affairs,  there  was  a  floating  indebtedness  of 
$10,000.  The  May  balance,  1912,  of  the  secretary  and  treasurer 
shows  that  said  indebtedness  has  been  paid  and  a  special  divi- 
dend of  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  amounting  to  $20,000,  and  the  com- 
pany has  to  its  credit  in  the  bank  the  sum  of  $21,128.64,  all  of  which, 
except  a  small  balance,  is  drawing  4  per  cent  interest.  Again,  on 
August  1,  1912,  an  extra  one-half  of  one  per  cent  dividend,  amounting 
to  $20,000,  was  paid.  Promptly  upon  the  payment  of  the  lease 
money  on  the  first  of  January  and  July  in  each  year,  the  directors 
declare  a  dividend,  and  the  secrtary  and  treasurer  pays  to  the  State 


200  Miscellaneous. 

Treasurer  immediately  $105,000,  and  like  dividend  is  paid  to  the 
private  stockholders  on  the  first  day  of  February  and  August  of  each 
year.  The  present  board  of  directors,  as  appointed  by  Governor 
Kitchin  on  the  part  of  the  State,  are  given  below.  The  State's 
proxy  is  Jo.  M.  Reese;  the  expert  is  John  W.  Thompson,  and  the 
company's  attorney  is  Frank  R.  McNinch.* 

A  true  sketch  of  this  company  would  be  incomplete  without  calling 
attention  to  the  long  and  invaluable  services  of  Gen.  R.  F.  Hoke  as 
director.  His  experience  and  great  knowledge  of  affairs,  and  lifelong 
devotion  to  the  best  interest  of  the  company,  entitle  him  to  the 
gratitude  of  the  State,  as  well  as  the  private  stockholders.  His 
death  on  July  3,  1912,  was  deeply  and  universally  lamented. 

The  question  is  sometimes  asked  why  the  organization  of  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad  Company  is  kept  up,  and  what  particular 
functions  it  performs. 

This  company,  as  some  people  think,  does  not  belong  to  the  State 
of  North  Carolina.  It  is  a  quasi-public  corporation  like  all  other 
railroad  companies,  in  which  the  State  owns  three-fourths  of  the 
stock.  It  is  managed  practically  as  any  private  corporation  would  be 
managed,  the  principal  difference  being  that  the  Governor  has  the 
appointment  of  eight  of  the  directors,  while  the  private  stockholders 
have  the  election  of  four  of  the  directors. 

The  organization  is  maintained  for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  the 
terms  of  the  lease  to  the  Southern  Railway  Company,  and,  in  case 
of  the  termination  of  that  lease  for  any  cause,  to  resume  the  opera- 
tion of  the  road. 

It  is  required  to  see  that  the  bonds  given  for  the  prompt  payment 
of  the  rent,  and  also  the  bond  to  maintain  the  rolling  stock  in  good 
condition,  are  kept  in  force.  It  receives  the  rent  money  of  $280,000 
per  year,  payable  semi-annually,  and  declares  a  dividend  and  pays 
the  same  to  the  stockholders  of  record.  It  transfers  stock  like  other 
corporations. 

In  leasing  its  property  to  the  Southern  Railway  Company  it  re- 
served its  office  building,  which  is  the  residence  of  the  secretary  and 
treasurer,  containing  its  vault  and  records,  at  Burlington.  N.  C.  It 
owns  certain  real  estate  in  and  about  the  city  of  Burlington,  which  is 
sold  by  its  land  committee  from  time  to  time. 

The  secretary  and  treasurer  is  required  to  give  a  bond  in  the  sum 
of  $50,000,  and  his  books  and  accounts  are  audited  by  a  finance  com- 


*This  article  was  written  in  1912. 


Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Railroad.  201 

mittee  at  stated  times.  It  is  required  to  file  a  report  annually  with 
the  State  Corporation  Commission  and  one  with  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission,  as  other  railroad  companies  must  do.  It  also 
reports  its  income  for  Federal  taxation  like  other  corporations.  Its 
stock  is  the  most  valuable  holding  that  the  State  of  North  Carolina 
has  amongst  its  assets,  and  whether  it  will  be  the  policy  of  the  State 
to  hold  its  stock  perpetually  or  to  dispose  of  the  same  is  a  matter  for 
the  Legislature  of  the  future. 


THE  ATLANTIC  AND  NORTH  CAROLINA  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 

[Reprinted  from  the  North  Carolina  Manual  of  1915.  The  editor  regrets  that  he 
has  not  been  able  to  get  the  data  necessary  to  bring  the  article  up  to  date.  ] 

The  Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Railroad  was  chartered  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  in  1852,  duration  of  the  charter 
being  ninety-nine  years.  The  charter  was  amended  in  1854  and  1855. 
Work  on  the  railroad  was  begun  shortly  afterwards,  and  pushed  to 
completion  from  Goldsboro  to  a  point  on  the  seacoast  now  known 
as  Morehead  City,  a  distance  of  95  miles,  in  1858. 

Not  having  the  necessary  data  at  hand,  I  state  from  memory,  and 
from  information  gained  from  other  sources,  the  names  of  the  differ- 
ent presidents  of  the  railroad  company,  in  the  order  of  their  service 
from  the  beginning  up  to  the  time  when  the  railroad  was  leased  to 
the  Howland  Improvement  Company,  during  the  administration  of 
Hon.  C.  B.  Aycock  as  Governor  of  North  Carolina,  on  September  1, 
1904,  as  follows:  John  D.  Whitford,  Charles  R.  Thomas,  John  D  Whit- 
ford,  E.  R.  Stanley,  R.  W.  King,  L.  W.  Humphrey,  John  Hughes. 
John  D.  Whitford,  Washington  Bryan,  W.  S.  Chadwick,  Robert  Han- 
cock, D.  W.  Patrick.  James  A.  Bryan. 

The  road  was  capitalized  at  $1,800,000;  the  par  value  of  the  stock 
was  fixed  at  $100  per  share.  The  State  of  North  Carolina  owns  12,666 
shares  of  the  stock.  The  county  of  Craven  owns  1,293  shares,  the 
county  of  Lenoir  owns  500  shares,*  the  county  of  Pamlico  owns  202 
shares.  The  balance  of  the  stock  of  the  road  is  owned  by  private 
individuals.  The  equipment  of  the  road  was  by  no  means  complete 
when  the  War  between  the  States  began  (1861),  and  by  reason  of  the 
fact  that  a  good  portion  of  the  road  was  under  the  control  of  the 
Federal  arms  from  the  fall  of  New  Bern  in  1862  to  the  close  of  the 
war  in  1865,  the  road  when  turned  over  to  its  rightful  owners  was 


^old  to  private  individuals. 


202  Miscellaneous. 

little  more,  if  any,  than  a  burden  to  carry,  which  was  in  part  the 
cause  of  no  returns  to  the  stockholders  on  their  investments  for 
thirty-four  years  after  the  road  was  constructed. 

During  the  administration  of  the  Hon.  T.  J.  Jarvis,  Governor  of 
North  Carolina,  the  railroad  was  leased  to  W.  J.  Best,  who  had  con- 
trol and  operated  same  for  a  short  time  only,  and  then  returned  it 
back  to  its  owner. 

There  is  an  outstanding  bonded  indebtedness  against  the  road  of 
$325,000,  bearing  interest  at  6  per  cent  per  annum,  the  interest  pay- 
able semi-annually.  Bonds  for  same  were  issued  in  1887  and  will 
mature  in  1917.*  During  the  last  year  of  the  presidency  of  James  A. 
Bryan  two  suits  were  instituted  in  the  Federal  Court  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  North  Carolina  for  the  appointment  of  receivers  of  the 
road — first  by  K.  S.  Finch  of  New  York,  and  the  second  by  John  P. 
Cuyler  of  New  Jersey.  Receivers  were  appointed  in  both  cases,  but 
relief  was  granted  by  higher  courts. 

The  vast  amount  of  unsettled  business  in  which  the  Atlantic  and 
North  Carolina  Railroad  Company  was  in  any  way  interested  at  the 
time  the  Howland  Improvement  Company,  "lessees,"  assumed  control 
of  the  railroad,  was  very  largely  adjusted  during  the  first  two  years. 
The  expiration  of  the  third  year  of  the  lease  found  only  a  small 
amount  of  difference  to  be  looked  after,  which  in  time  was  settled. 
Suit  was  brought  in  the  Superior  Court  of  Craven  County,  in  1906,  to 
annul  the  lease  to  the  Howland  Improvement  Company,  resulting  in 
a  decision  upholding  the  lease,  which  decision  was  affirmed  by  the 
Supreme  Court. 

The  contract  for  lease  with  the  Howland  Improvement  Company 
terminates  in  ninety-one  years  and  four  months  from  the  date  of  its 
execution,  and  the  stipulations  contained  in  same  have,  up  to  the  last 
meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Atlantic  and  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road Company,  in  19121,  been  largely  complied  with,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  annual  reports  to  the  stockholders'  meeting  of  the  president, 
treasurer  and  expert  of  the  lessor  company.  The  Atlantic  and  North 
Carolina  Railroad  has,  with  some  other  short  lines  in  Eastern  North 
Carolina,  been  merged  into  and  now  forms  part  of  the  Norfolk  South- 
ern Railway  system. 

The  following  have  been  presidents  of  the  company:  James  A. 
Bryan,  J.  W.  Grainger,  S.  W.  Ferrebee,  L.  P.  Tapp,  H.  H.  Grainger 
and  Thomas  D.  Warren. 


♦Written  in  1914. 


North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society.  203 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

Joseph  E.  Pogue,  Secretary,  Raleigh. 

The  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society,  which  operates  the  State 
Fair  annually  in  Raleigh  during  the  third  week  in  October,  was 
chartered  by  special  act  of  the  Legislature  more  than  half  a  century 
ago  "to  provide  a  place  for  the  holding  of  annual  fairs,  in  order  that 
the  citizens  may  be  encouraged  by  exhibitions,  premiums  and  other 
means  to  develop  and  improve  the  productions  of  agriculture  and 
every  species  of  native  industry;  and  to  this  end,  and  for  these  great 
and  valuable  purposes,*  and  to  no  other,  shall  the  corporation  apply 
all  the  funds  which  by  any  means  it  may  acquire." 

No  capital  stock  was  provided  for  in  that  charter.  Various  public- 
spirited  citizens  loaned  to  the  Society  a  sum  of  money  sufficient  to 
purchase  grounds  and  erect  buildings  for  the  purposes  of  an  annual 
fair,  taking  therefor  the  bonds  of  the  Society.  The  real  property 
pledged  to  secure  this  bonded  debt  is  held  in  trust.  The  bonded 
debt  was  originally  $26,550.  but  was  reduced  in  1905  to  $22,600,  and 
refunded  for  twenty  years  at  five  per  cent  instead  of  six  per  cent,  the 
former  rate.  These  bonds  are  now  generally  held  at  par  value.  In 
1917  ten  thousand  dollars  more  was  borrowed  from  the  Citizens 
National  Bank  of  Raleigh,  at  six  per  cent,  to  build  the  Woman's 
Building.    This  is  payable  in  annual  installments  of  $1,000  each. 

Any  profits  made  in  the  operation  of  the  Fair  go  into  a  surplus 
fund,  which  is  spent  in  permanent  improvements  of  all  kinds  at  the 
Fair  Grounds,  for  increased  premiums,  and  other  betterments  that 
go  toward  making  the  Fair  more  efficient. 

The  present  Fair  Grounds  are  just  west  of  the  city  of  Raleigh,  at 
the  terminus  of  the  electric  street  car  line.  They  were  purchased 
about  thirty-seven  years  ago,  and  cover  more  than  sixty  acres  of  land 
in  one  of  the  most  desirable  of  Raleigh's  suburbs.  The  Society  has 
ten  large  buildings  on  these  grounds,  and  a  Grand  Stand.  Some  of 
these  buildings  were  erected  when  the  site  was  acquired,  but  most 
of  them  have  gradually  been  added  from  annual  profits  of  the  Fair. 
Most  of  them  have  been  put  up  in  recent  years.  The  three  live-stock 
buildings  were  erected  in  1913.  The  "Sandhills"  Building  was  do- 
nated through  President  Leonard  Tufts  in  1916,  and  the  Woman's 
Building  was  built  in  1917.  Nearly  all  of  the  old  buildings  have 
been  remodeled  and  practically  rebuilt  out  of  the  current  income. 


204  MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  few  years  ago  a  Machinery. Shed,  48x200  feet,  with  metal  roof, 
was  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  exhibitors  of  heavy  farm 
machinery.  This  has  proved  a  boon  to  these  exhibitors  and  is 
greatly  appreciated  by  the  public.  A  modern  reinforced  concrete 
building  60  x  150  feet  has  been  put  up  for  the  exhibitors  of  agri-  , 
cultural  and  horticultural  products.  This  is  well  arranged  and 
equipped  with  a  concrete  floor.  The  State  Board  of  Agriculture 
usually  occupies  about  one-half  of  this  building  with  a  most  attrac- 
tive exhibit  of  the  various  activities  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. A  modern  fireproof  poultry  house  has  been  erected  and 
gives  9,000  square  feet  of  space  to  exhibits  of  this  valuable  and 
growing  industry  of  the  State,  which  the  Society  strenuously  seeks 
to  encourage  in  every  possible  way. 

Among  other  improvements  might  be  mentioned  the  widening 
three  times  of  the  "Midway"  within  the  last  dozen  years,  to  afford 
room  for  the  ever  increasing  crowds,  and  the  macadamizing  of  this 
thoroughfare;  the  overhauling  and  remodeling  of  the  Arts  and  Crafts 
Building,  known  as  "Floral  Hall";  a  large  increase  in  the  number 
of  box  stalls  for  exhibition  and  race  horses,  the  wiring  of  the  build- 
ings for  electric  lights,  the  extension  of  the  city  water  pipe  to  the 
Fair  Grounds,  providing  running  water  throughout.  The  live-stock 
buildings  are  as  good  as  could  be  built  and  cost  nearly  $10,000;  the 
swine  building  has  a  concrete  floor.  And  all  of  these  improvements, 
with  the  exception  of  the  Woman's  Building,  have  been  erected  and 
paid  for  out  of  the  current  revenues,  without  adding  one  dollar  of 
bonded  debt.  This  is  an  achievement  of  which  the  management  feels 
proud. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  present  management  found  the  Society 
heavily  in  debt  and  facing  the  possibility  of  a  foreclosure  of  the 
mortgage.  All  floating  debts  have  been  paid.  Nearly  $13,000  has 
been  paid  for  past-due  interest  and  in  reducing  the  bonded  debt. 

It  may  be  said  in  the  most  conservative  terms  that  the  Fair  has 
grown  from  modest  beginnings,  until  in  recent  years,  just  as  the  Old 
North  State  is  taking  her  proper  place  among  the  foremost  States  of 
the  Union,  her  State  Fair  is  taking  rank  with  the  leading  institu- 
tions of  the  kind  in  the  country.  Moreover,  it  has  been  gaining  more 
and  more  the  enthusiastic  support,  cooperation  and  advice  of  men  in 
all  industries  of  the  State,  a  thing  that  is  absolutely  necessary  for 
the  making  of  a  larger  and  greater  fair. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  management  to  continue  to  put  up  new 


North  Carolina  Agricultural,  Society.  205 

permanent  buildings  as  fast  as  the  profits  from  the  fair  will  permit, 
or  the  public  policy  of  the  State  towards  her  agricultural  and  indus- 
trial interests  as  expressed  at  the  State  Fair  will  make  possible, 
replacing  all  of  the  old  wooden  structures  with  buildings  that  are 
adapted  to  the  rapidly  increasing  needs  of  the  more  representative 
exhibitors  that  are  year  by  year  demanding  larger  and  better  ac- 
commodations. 

Some  definite  idea  of  the  growth  of  the  Fair  during  the  last  few 
years  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  in  one  year  the  number  of 
solid  carloads  of  exhibits  jumped  from  42  to  83,  and  the  number  of 
separate  entries  from  1,201  in  1909  to  3,501  in  1910,  and  4,136  in 
1911,  and  each  year  since  has  shown  a  healthy  growth. 

No  other  occasion  in  North  Carolina  draws  anything  like  the 
throngs  that  visit  the  State  Fair  each  year.  The  railroads  for  years 
have  been  putting  on  special  rates  and  extra  trains  to  handle  the 
crowds,  and  thousands  come  by  automobile. 

Keeping  pace  with  the  most  modern  methods  of  stimulating  the 
efforts  to  produce  better  and  better  crops  of  all  kinds,  the  manage- 
ment during  the  last  few  years  has  instituted  the  corn  contest  feature 
for  boys,  cotton  contests  for  men  and  boys,  the  tomato  contest  for 
girls,  the  Pig  Clubs  for  boys  and  girls,  and  the  Poultry  Clubs  for 
boys  and  girls,  and  still  more  and  larger  prizes  for  individual  and 
county  exhibits  and  agricultural  products.  The  Girls'  and  Boys' 
Poultry  Clubs  were  invited  to  enter  our  poultry  show  free  of  entry 
fees,  and  they  made  a  fine  showing  and  won  a  large  percentage  of 
the  prize  money  in  this  department. 

The  Fair  of  1917,  by  common  consent,  was  pronounced  the  best  in 
its  long  history  of  fifty-seven  years.  Especially  did  the  exhibits  in 
cattle,  horses,  swine  and  sheep  and  in  agricultural  products  excel 
anything  yet  seen  at  the  Fair. 

The  list  of  national  live-stock  associations  offering  their  special 
premiums  at  the  Fair  keeps  growing  longer  as  the  years  go  by,  and 
in  the  case  of  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  these  associations  the 
North  Carolina  State  Fair  is  honored  among  only  four  Southern 
fairs.  It  is  thus  apparent  that  our  State  Fair  is  recognized  as  one 
of  the  greatest  gathering  points  for  pure-bred  live  stock  in  the  South. 

For  years  the  management  has  been  working  away  from  the  big- 
midway  and  little-exhibit  condition  of  a  fair  back  to  the  fundamental 
purpose  of  its  existence,  the  competition  of  the  best  to  make  better, 
and  all  questionable  shows  and  doubtful  games  'are  absolutely  for- 


206  Miscellaneous. 

bidden  in  the  grounds,  and  a  clear  field  is  given  to  the  best  shows 
offering  legitimate  amusement  as  well  as  educational  features.  The 
management  is  working  for  the  ideal  State  Fair,  which  shall  be  the 
meeting  place  of  agriculture  and  industry,  a  delightful  outing  for  all 
the  members  of  the  family,  a  short  school  for  men  and  women,  boys 
and  girls,  the  best  short  course  in  agriculture  in  the  State,  a  great 
industrial  exchange,  a  university  of  experience  and  experiment,  an 
annual  advertisement  of  the  greatness  of  a  great  State. 

In  August,  1918,  after  great  preparations  had  been  made  for  the 
1918  State  Fair,  and  when  practically  everything  was  in  readiness  for 
the  event,  the  United  States  Government  sent  representatives  of  the 
War  Department  to  Raleigh,  looking  for  a  site  for  a  Tank  Training 
Camp.  They  found  an  ideal  situation  at  the  Fair  Grounds — water, 
electric  lights,  street  cars,  a  railroad  spur  track,  and  ten  large 
buildings.  Upon  the  urgent  request  of  the  War  Department  and 
upon  the  representation  that  the  War  Work  of  the  Government  would 
be  advanced  at  least  three  months  by  the  turning  over  of  this  prop- 
erty without  delay,  the  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society  unani- 
mously voted  to  turn  over  the  property  for  the  purpose.  This  meant 
the  abandonment  of  the  Fair  for  1918,  but  it  meant  that  the  Society 
could  and  would  meet  the  test  of  patriotism,  and  save  the  Govern- 
ment three  months  of  invaluable  time  and  thousands  of  dollars  in 
money. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society  to 
hold  a  bigger  State  Fair  than  ever  in  1919,  to  be  a  Peace  Jubilee  and 
Reunion  of  Our  Soldiers  and  the  People  of  the  State. 


THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  STATE  CAPITOL. 

On  the  morning  of  June  21,  1831,  the  State  Capitol  of  North  Caro- 
lina was  destroyed  by  fire.  Though  the  public  records  of  the  State 
were  saved,  the  State  Library,  containing  many  valuable  books  and 
manuscripts,  was  lost. 

The  citizens  of  Raleigh  naturally  bemoaned  the  destruction  of  the 
building,  but  Governor  Stokes  did  not  regard  it  as  a  great  loss.  In 
his  opinion  there  were  some  mitigating  circumstances.  In  his  mes- 
sage to  the  General  Assembly,  when  it  met  the  following  November, 
he  said  that  the  calamity  was  not  so  great,  because  the  old  State- 
house,  built  in  179*4,  was  almost  ready  to  tumble  down  of  its  own 


North  Carolina  State  Capital.  207 

accord,  and  that  perhaps  many  valuable  lives  had  been  saved  by  its 
being  destroyed  by  fire  instead  of  tumbling  down  on  the  Legislature 
while  in  session. 

At  once  Senator  Seawell  of  Wake  brought  forward  a  bill  providing 
for  the  erection  of  a  new  Capitol  on  the  site  of  the  old  one.  At  the 
same  time  a  similar  bill  was  introduced  in  the  House  of  Commons. 
As  there  was  a  strong  sentiment  in  the  State  favorable  to  the  re- 
moval of  the  capital  from  Raleigh  to  Fayetteville,  these  two  bills  to 
rebuild  at  Raleigh  met  with  vigorous  opposition.  Accordingly,  Sen- 
ator Seawell's  bill  was  quickly  disposed  of.  Senator  Wilson  of  Edge- 
combe moved  to  table  it,  and  it  was  tabled.  The  House  bill  was 
longer  discussed.  The  discussion  was  prolonged  for  two  days,  but  on 
a  yea  and  nay  vote  the  bill  failed,  65  to  68.  The  Assembly  of  1831 
refused  to  rebuild. 

A  year  passed,  and  the  ruins  of  the  old  Statehouse  still  marked  the 
site  of  the  former  Capitol.  But  the  Constitution,  or  rather  the 
Ordinance,  of  1789  located  the  capital  at  Raleigh,  and  the  Legislature 
had  no  power  to  move  it.  It  was  even  questioned  with  great  seri- 
ousness whether  the  Assembly  could  hold  its  sessions  in  the  Gov- 
ernor's Mansion,  at  the  end  of  Fayetteville  Street,  as  that  was  out- 
side of  the  limits  of  the  town.  To  move  the  capital  a  convention  was 
necessary,  and  a  majority  of  the  Legislature  was  not  favorable  to  a 
convention. 

At  the  session  of  November,  1832,  the  Assembly,  by  a  vote  of  35  to 
28  in  the  Senate  and  73  to  60  in  the  House,  resolved  to  rebuild  on  the 
old  site,  and  $50,000  was  appropriated  for  the  purpose. 

William  Boylan,  Duncan  Cameron,  Henry  Seawell,  Romulus  M. 
Saunders  and  William  S.  Mhoon  were  appointed  commissioners  to 
have  the  work  done.  The  commissioners,  with  $50,000  at  their  com- 
mand, did  not  dally.  The  rubbish  was  cleared  away,  the  excavations 
made  and  the  foundations  were  laid.  On  July  4,  1833,  the  corner- 
stone was  set  in  place.  Up  to  that  time  W.  S.  Drummond  was  the 
superintendent  and  chief  architect,  and  he  was  one  of  the  principal 
persons  in  the  ceremony  of  laying  the  cornerstone. 

After  the  foundations  were  laid  the  work  progressed  more  slowly, 
and  it  was  so  expensive  that  the  appropriation  was  exhausted.  The 
.Legislature  at  its  next  session  appropriated  $75,000  more.  To  do  the 
stone  and  finer  work  many  skilled  artisans  had  been  brought  from 
Scotland  and  other  countries.  Part  of  the  work  was  conducted  under 
the  supervision  of  W.  S.  Drummond  and  another  part  under  Colonel 


L'us  Miscellaneous. 

Thomas  Bragg,  but  these  arrangements  did  not  prove  satisfactory, 
and  a  year  later,  in  September,  1834,  Mr.  I.  Theil  Town  of  New  York, 
acting  for  the  commissioners,  contracted  with  David  Paton  to  come 
to  Raleigh  and  superintend  the  work. 

Mr.  Paton  was  an  architect  who  had  come  from  Scotland  the  year 
before.  He  was  then  thirty-three  years  of  age.  He  was  the  son  of 
John  Paton  of  Edinburgh,  who  was  an  extensive  builder  in  that  city 
and  vicinity  and  who  had  built  the  greater  part  of  the  new  town  and 
constructed  the  famous  Dean  Bridge  across  the  water  of  Leith,  and 
he  ranked  high  in  his  profession.  Having  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion at  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  David  Paton  took  up  the  pro- 
fession of  his  father  and  was  regularly  bred  as  an  architect  and 
builder  under  his  father  and  under  Sir  John  Sloan,  R.A.,  professor 
of  architecture  to  the  Royal  Academy  of  London.  He  soon  demon- 
strated his  capacity.  When  he  first  came  to  Raleigh  the  cost  of  over- 
seeing the  work  on  the  Capitol  was  $25  a  day.  He  reduced  that  cost 
to  $9.  Twenty-eight  stonecutters  were  paid  $81  a  day.  This  he 
reduced  to  $56.  He  made  a  saving  in  these  two  items  alone  of  $42 
a  day.  He  found  himself  to  be  not  merely  supervisor  of  the  work, 
but  the  superintendent;  not  merely  the  superintendent,  but  the  book- 
keeper and  paymaster.  He  had  every  detail  of  the  work  on  his 
shoulders.  And  then  he  had  to  make  the  working  drawings.  He 
was  the  builder,  the  architect,  the  designer. 

Both  the  commissioners  and  the  architect  had  large  ideas.  The 
former  were  wise  enough  to  expend  the  original  $50,000,  which  the 
General  Assembly  expected  would  complete  the  structure,  on  its 
foundation.  Their  work  being  severely  criticised,  they  resigned  Jan- 
uary 1.  1835.  Their  successors  were  Beverly  Daniel.,  chairman,  Sam- 
uel F.  Patterson.  Charles  Manly  and  Alfred  Jones.  The  Legislature 
was  compelled  to  make  appropriations  for  the  work  from  time  to 
time.     The  following  is  a  table  of  the  several  appropriations  made: 

Session  of  1832-33 $  -50,000.00 

Session  of  1833-34  75,000.00 

Session  of  1834-35 75,000.00 

Session  of  1835 75,000.00 

Session  of  1836-37 120  000.00 

Session  of  1838-39  105,300.00 

Session  of  1840-41  31,374.46 

Total $531,674.46 


North  Carolina  State  Capitol.  209 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  stone  with  which  the  building  was 
erected  was  the  property  of  the  State.  Had  the  State  been  compelled 
to  purchase  this  material  the  cost  of  the  Capitol  would  have  been 
considerably  increased. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  Capitol,  written  by  David 
Paton,  the  architect: 

"The  State  Capitol  is  160  feet  in  length  from  north  to  south  by  140 
feet  from  east  to  west.  The  whole  height  is  971/o  feet  in  the  center. 
The  apex  of  pediment  is  64  feet  in  height.  The  stylobate  is  18  feet 
in  height.  The  columns  of  the  east  and  west  porticoes  are  5  feet 
2x/-2  inches  in  diameter.  An  entablature,  including  blocking  course, 
is  continued  around  the  building,  12  feet  high. 

"The  columns  and  entablature  are  Grecian  Doric,  and  copied  from 
the  Temple  of  Minerva,  commonly  called  the  Parthenon,  which  was 
erected  in  Athens  about  500  years  before  Christ.  An  octagon  tower 
surrounds  the  rotunda,  which  is  ornamented  with  Grecian  cornices, 
etc.,  and  its  dome  is  decorated  at  top  with  a  similar  ornament  to 
that  of  the  Choragic  Monument  of  Lysicrates,  commonly  called  the 
Lanthorn  of  Demosthenes. 

"The  interior  of  the  Capitol  is  divided  into  three  stories:  First, 
the  lower  story,  consisting  of  ten  rooms,  eight  of  which  are  appro- 
priated as  offices  to  the  Governor,  Secretary,  Treasurer,  and  Comp- 
troller, each  having  two  rooms  of  the  same  size — the  one  containing 
an  area  of  649  square  feet,  the  other  528  square  feet — the  two  com- 
mittee rooms,  each  containing  200  square  feet,  and  four  closets;  also 
the  rotunda,  corridors,  vestibules,  and  piazzas,  contain  an  area  of 
4.370  square  feet.  The  vestibules  are  decorated  with  columns  and 
antjag.  similar  to  those  of  the  Ionic  Temple  on  the  Ilissus,  near  the 
Acropolis  of  Athens.  The  remainder  is  groined  with  stone  and 
brick,  springing  from  columns  and  pilasters  of  the  Roman  Doric. 

"The  second  story  consists  of  Senatorial  and  Representatives' 
chambers,  the  former  containing  an  area  of  2,545  and  the  latter 
2.849  square  feet.  Four  apartments  enter  from  Senate  Chamber,  two 
of  which  contain  each  an  area  of  169  square  feet,  and  the  other  two 
contain  each  an  area  of  154  square  feet;  also,  two  rooms  enter  from 
Representatives'  chamber,  each  containing  an  area  of  170  square  feet; 
of  two  committee  rooms,  each  containing  an  area  of  231  feet;  of  four 
presses  and  the  passages,  stairs,  lobbies,  and  colonnades,  containing 
an  area  of  3.204  square  feet. 
14 


210  Miscellaneous. 

"The  lobbies  and  Hall  of  Representatives  have  their  columns  and 
antse  of  the  Octagon  Tower  of  Andronicus  Cyrrhestes  and  the  plan 
of  the  hall  is  of  the  formation  of  the  Greek  theater  and  the  columns 
and  antse  in  the  Senatorial  chamber  and  rotunda  are  of  the  Temple 
of  Erectheus,  Minerva  Polias,  and  Pandrosus,  in  the  Acropolis  of 
Athens,  near  the  above  named  Parthenon. 

"Third,  or  attic  story,  consists  of  rooms  appropriated  to  the  Su- 
preme Court  and  Library,  each  containing  an  area  of  693  square 
feet.  Galleries  of  both  houses  have  an  area  of  1,300  square  feet; 
also  two  apartments  entering  from  Senate  gallery,  each  169  square 
feet,  of  four  presses  and  the  lobbies'  stairs,  988  square  feet.  These 
lobbies,  as  well  as  rotunda,  are  lit  with  cupolas,  and  it  is  proposed 
to  finish  the  court  and  library  in  the  florid  Gothic  style." 

In  the  summer  of  1840  the  work  was  finished.  The  Assembly  had, 
in  December,  1832,  appropriated  $50,000  for  the  building.  Mr.  Boy- 
Ian,  Judge  Cameron  and  State  Treasurer  Mhoon  and  their  associates 
spent  that  sum  in  the  foundation.  They  proposed  to  have  a  Capitol 
worthy  of  the  State.  At  every  subsequent  session  the  Assembly 
made  additional  appropriations.  There  was  some  caviling,  and  the 
commissioners  resigned;  but  the  Legislature  and  the  new  commis- 
sioners took  no  step  backwards.  Year  by  year  they  pressed  on  the 
work  as  it  had  been  begun,  until  at  last,  after  more  than  seven  years, 
the  sum  of  $531,674.46  was  expended.  As  large  as  that  sum  was  for 
the  time,  when  the  State  was  so  poor  and  when  the  entire  taxes  for 
all  State  purposes  reached  less  than  $100,000,  yet  the  people  were 
satisfied.  The  building  had  been  erected  with  rigorous  economy,  and 
it  was  an  object  of  great  pride  to  the  people.  Indeed,  never  was 
money  better  expended  than  in  the  erection  of  this  noble  Capitol. 

Speaking  of  this  structure,  Samuel  A.  Ashe,  in  an  address  on 
David  Paton.  delivered  in  1909,  says: 

"Not  seventy  years  have  passed  since  the  completion  of  this  build- 
ing, yet  it  has  undying  memories.  It  was  finished  the  year  Henry 
Clay  was  set  aside  and  his  place  as  the  Whig  leader  given  to  General 
Harrison.  Four  years  later  Clay  spoke  from  the  western  portico; 
but,  like  Webster  and  Calhoun,  the  prize  of  the  presidency  was 
denied  him.  The  voices  of  other  men  of  large  mould  also  have  been 
heard  within  this  Capitol.  Here,  too,  our  great  jurists — Gaston, 
Ruffin,  Pearson  and  their  associates — held  their  sessions  and  brought 
renown  to  North  Carolina.  Here  Badger,  Mangum,  Dobbin  and 
scores  of  men  known  to  fame  held  high  debates.     Here  was  brought 


North  Carolina  State  Capitol.  211 

forth  in  great  travail  our  system  of  internal  improvements,  and  of 
education,  ramifying  the  State,  disseminating  enlightenment  and 
opening  the  pathways  to  prosperous,  contented  and  happy  homes  for 
our  people. 

"Here  Ellis  and  Clark  and  the  mighty  Vance  directed  the  affairs  of 
State  in  the  trying  days  of  war  and  suffering  and  desolation,  the 
glories  mingled  with  pain  and  sorrow,  and  fading  away  in  heart- 
rending defeat;  but  through  it  all  the  women  and  men,  alike  heroes, 
worthy  the  poets'  loftiest  strains.  Then,  when  the  people  were  still 
bowed  in  anguish,  Carolinians  turned  their  faces  to  the  future,  and, 
with  resolution  and  intelligence,  themselves  modified  their  laws 
and  institutions  to  meet  the  new  conditions;  but  in  vain,  for  these 
mute  walls  are  the  witnesses  of  the  saturnalia  of  Reconstruction,  still 
awaiting  some  Dante  to  portray  the  scenes  with  realistic  power. 
Yet  the  dark  cloud  had  its  silver  lining,  and  the  courageous  devotion 
of  Jarvis,  John  Graham  and  their  Spartan  band  adds  historic  interest 
to  that  time  of  fearful  storm. 

"Later,  here  was  the  scene  of  the  great  State  trial,  the  impeach- 
ment of  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Commonwealth  and  the  contest 
between  the  intellectual  giants  of  that  generation,  Governor  Graham 
and  Bragg  and  Merrimon,  contesting  with  Smith  and  Conigland  and 
Richard  Badger. 

"And  these  walls  have  witnessed  the  reversal  of  that  State  policy 
forced  on  an  unwilling  people  by  the  mailed  hand  of  the  conquering 
power,  and  the  full  restoration  of  Anglo-Saxon  control.  Never  in 
history  has  a  people  been  so  clearly  and  effectually  vindicated  as 
those  gallant  souls  of  North  Carolina,  who,  emulating  the  constancy 
of  Hamilcar,  swore  their  children  to  undying  opposition  to  those 
who  would  destroy  their  civilization.  Let  the  oppressed  of  future 
ages  gaze  on  the  scene  and  take  courage.  Already  hallowed  are  the 
memories  that  these  chambers  evoke.  What  grand  occasions  yet 
await  them!  We  may  not  lift  the  veil  of  the  future,  but  experience 
warns  us  that  history  constantly  repeats  itself,  and  as  the  web 
woven  by  destiny  unrolls  itself  there  will  yet  occur  within  these 
enduring  walls  occasions  of  surpassing  magnitude  affecting  the  weal 
and  woe  of  our  posterity." 


212  Miscellaneous. 


STATE  ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING. 

Mindful  of  the  fact  that  only  a  little  more  than  a  generation  ago 
the  State  Capitol  of  North  Carolina  was  destroyed  hy  fire,  entailing 
the  loss  of  many  valuable  records  and  papers,  for  some  years  prior 
to  the  convening  of  the  1911  session  of  the  General  Assembly  the 
demand  has  been  insistent  for  a  safer  housing  of  several  depart- 
ments of  the  State  Government  at  Raleigh,  notably  the  books  and 
records  of  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission,  which  has 
now  grown  to  be  one  of  the  most  important  branches  of  work  at  the 
seat  of  government.  m 

Early  in  the  session  a  movement  was  started  for  the  building  of 
a  State  administration  building  at  the  capital,  and  after  numerous 
conferences  and  compromises  of  differences  as  to  the  amount  that 
should  be  appropriated  for  that  purpose  a  bill  was  at  length  unani- 
mously passed  by  both  houses,  appropriating  the  sum  of  $250,000 
for  this  purpose  and  conferring  upon  the  Governor  the  appointment 
of  a  State  Building  Commission  for  the  consummation  of  this  worthy 
undertaking.  Soon  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Legislature  Gover- 
nor W.  W.  Kitchin  named  as  the  members  of  the  Commission  Ashley 
Home  of  Clayton,  William  E.  Springer  of  Wilmington,  Julian  S. 
Carr  of  Durham,  W.  L.  Parsons  of  Rockingham,  A.  S.  Rascoe  of 
Windsor,  J.  A.  Long  of  Roxboro,  and  J.  Elwood  Cox  of  High  Point, 
men  of  affairs  and  recognized  business  ability  in  the  State. 

The  State  Building  Commission  held  its  first  meeting  in  the  office 
of  the  State  Auditor  at  12:30  p.  m..  May  9,  1911,  and  organized  by 
the  election  of  Ashley  Home,  of  Clayton,  as  chairman,  and  William 
E.  Springer,  of  Wilmington,  as  secretary.  Following  organization  a 
conference  was  held  with  the  Board  of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds, 
composed  of  the  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  and  Attor- 
ney-General. It  was  stated  as  the  purpose  of  the  General  Assembly 
to  provide  ample  room  for  the  Supreme  Court,  all  valuable  State 
records,  the  State  Library,  offices  for  the  Attorney-General,  and  sev- 
eral of  the  other  State  departments.  The  grounds  were  carefully 
gone  over,  the  situation  canvassed,  and  a  subcommittee  composed  of 
Chairman  Home,  Secretary  Springer,  and  Commissioner  Cox  was 
appointed  to  go  further  into  the  matter  of  a  building  and  site. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting,  on  May  19.  1911,  the  committee  reported 
that  it  had  secured  an  option  on  three  sites,  and  recommended  the 
purchase  of  the  Grimes  tract  for  $45,000.    This  recommendation  was 


North  Carolina  Day.  213 

accepted  by  the  Commission  as  a  whole,  and  on  June  6,  1911,  plans 
as  prepared  by  P.  Thornton  Marye,  of  Atlanta,  were  accepted  after 
hearing  a  number  of  others  and  after  several  conferences.  These 
plans  were  later  reviewed  by  Glenn  Brown,  of  Washington,  D.  C, 
another  expert  in  building  construction,  and  were  declared  eminently 
proper  and  in  order  in  every  respect.  The  plans  call  for  a  modern 
fireproof  building  four  stories  in  height  and  admirably  adapted  to 
the  purpose  to  which  it  will  be  put. 

On  November  1,  1911,  the  Commission  met  again  in  Raleigh,  after 
proposals  had  been  invited  for  the  building,  and  after  considering  a 
number  of  bids  for  the  construction,  the  contract  was  at  length 
awarded  to  the  John  T.  Wilson  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  at  a 
cost  of  $188,000,  the  building  to  be  completed  and  ready  for  occu- 
pancy by  January  19,  1913. 

How  well  the  State  Building  Commission  wrought  is  attested  by 
the  splendid  building  which  now  stands  opposite  the  Capitol  grounds 
and  which  was  occupied  in  January,  1914,  by  the  several  depart- 
ments of  government  as  agreed  upon  after  the  numerous  confer- 
ences of  the  Commission.  The  departments  occupying  the  building 
are  as  follows:  First  floor,  State  Library;  second  floor,  North  Caro- 
lina Historical  Commission  and  the  Library  Commission;  third  floor, 
the  Supreme  Court  and  Attorney-General;  fourth  floor,  Supreme 
Court  Library. 


NOKTH  CAROLI>  A  DAY. 

The  following  act,  entitled  "An  Act  to  Provide  for  the  Celebration 
of  North  Carolina  Day  in  the  Public  Schools,"  is  chapter  164  of  the 
Public  Laws  of  1901: 

The  General  Assembly  of  'North  Carolina  do  enact: 

Section  1.  That  the  12th  day  of  October  in  each  and  every  year, 
to  be  called  "North  Carolina  Day  "  may  be  devoted,  by  appropriate 
exercises  in  the  public  schools  of  the  State,  to  the  consideration  of 
some  topic  or  topics  of  our  State  history,  to  be  selected  by  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction.  Provided,  that  if  the  said  day  shall 
fall  on  Saturday  or  Sunday,  then,  the  celebration  shall  occur  on  the 
Monday  next  following:  Provided,  further,  that  if  the  said  day  shall 
fall  at  a  time  when  any  such  schools  may  not  be  in  session,  the 
celebration  may  be  held  within  one  month  from  the  beginning  of  the 
term,  unless  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  shall  designate 
some  other  time. 


214 


Miscellaneous. 


Sec.  2.  This  act  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  ratification. 
In  the  General  Assembly  read  three  times,  and  ratified  this  the 
9th  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1901. 

October  12th,  the  date  selected  for  North  Carolina  Day,  is  the 
anniversary  of  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  October  12,  1793.  In  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  has 
had  prepared  and  distributed  to  the  schools  of  the  State  each  year 
a  program  of  exercises  devoted  to  the  study  of  some  phase  of  North 
Carolina  history. 

Since  the  creation  of  North  Carolina  Day  the  following  subjects 
have  been  studied  each  year  (back  numbers  of  the  programs  can 
be  secured  from  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
Raleigh,  N.  C.)  : 


1901.  The  Roanoke  Island  Colonies.      Prepared  by  Fred  A.  Olds. 

1902.  The  Albemarle  Section.      Prepared  by  a  Committee. 

1903.  The  Lower  Cape  Fear  Section.      Prepared  by  R.  D.  W.  Connor. 

1904.  The  Pamlico-Neuse  Section.      Prepared  by  Charles  L.  Coon. 

1905.  The  Scotch  Highlanders  in  North  Carolina.  Prepared  by  R.  D.  W.  Connor. 

1906.  Charles  D.  Mclver  Memorial  Day.      Prepared  by  R.  D.  W.  Connor. 

1907.  The   Scotch-Irish   in   North   Carolina.      Prepared  by   Charles   H.   Mebane. 

1908.  The  German   Settlements  in   North   Carolina. 

1909.  Western  North  Carolina. 

1910.  North  Carolina  Poets  and  Poetry. 

1911.  Local  and  County.  History. 

1912.  Charles  B.  Aycock  Memorial  Day. 

1913.  North  Carolina  Rural  Life  and  Knapp  Memorial  Day.      Edited  by   N.    C 

Xewbold. 

1914.  Community  Service. 

1915.  School  and  Neighborhood  Improvement  Day. 

1916.  Murphy  Day:  Archibald  DeBow  Murphy.   Prepared  by  Edgar  W.  Knight. 

1917.  Thrift,    Conservation,   Patriotism. 


Each  prepared  by 
R.  D.  W.  Connor. 


LEGAL  HOLIDAYS  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Although  certain  great  days  in  each  year — such  as  New  Year's 
Day,  Fourth  of  July,  Thanksgiving  Day,  and  Christmas  Day— have 
long  been  observed  as  general  holidays,  there  were  no  "legal"  holi- 
days in  North  Carolina  prior  to  1881.  The  Legislature  of  that  year, 
in  the  interest  of  commercial  transactions,  passed  an  act  to  make 


Legal  Holidays  in  North  Carolina.  215 

these  customary  holidays  "legal"  holidays.  It  is  chapter  294,  Public 
Laws  of  1881,  and  was  brought  forward  in  The  Code  of  1883  as  sec- 
tions 3784-3786  of  chapter  61.     It  provides: 

"That  the  first  day  of  January,  twenty-second  day  of  February, 
tenth  day  of  May,  twentieth  day  of  May,  fourth  day  of  July,  and  a 
day  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  North  Carolina  as  a  thanksgiving 
day,  and  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  December  of  each  and  every  year  be. 
and  the  same  are  hereby  declared  to  be  public  holidays;  and  that 
whenever  any  such  holiday  shall  fall  upon  Sunday,  the  Monday  next 
following  shall  be  deemed  a  public  holiday,  and  papers  due  on  such 
Sunday  shall  be  payable  on  the  Saturday  next  preceding,  and  papers 
which  would  otherwise  be  payable  on  said  Monday  shall  be  payable 
on  the  Tuesday  next  thereafter. 

"Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  whenever  either  of  the  above 
named  days  shall  fall  on  Saturday,  the  papers  due  on  the  Sunday 
following  shall  be  payable  on  the  Monday  next  succeeding. 

"Sec.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  whenever  the  above  named 
days  shall  fall  on  Monday,  the  papers  which  should  otherwise  be  pay- 
able on  that  day  shall  be  payable  on  Tuesday  next  succeeding." 

Ten  years  later,  the  nineteenth  of  January  was  made  a  "legal" 
holiday,  by  chapter  58,  Public  Laws  of  1891,  which  provides: 

"That  the  nineteenth  day  of  January,  the  birthday  of  the  peerless 
Robert  E.  Lee,  in  each  and  every  year  hereafter,  shall  be  a  public 
holiday." 

In  1899,  the  first  Thursday  in  September  was  designated  as  Labor 
Day  and  made  a  "legal"  holiday.  The  Legislature  of  1901  amended 
this  Act  by  changing  the  holiday  from  the  first  Thursday  to  the 
first  Monday  in  September.  The  reason  for  this  change  was  re- 
cited in  the  preamble  of  the  act  as  follows: 

"Whereas  it  is  desirable  that  the  same  date  should  be  set  aside  by 
both  State  and  Federal  statutes  for  the  observance  of  the  same  holi- 
day; 

"And  whereas  the  first  Monday  in  September  is  designated  by  stat- 
utes in  various  States  and  also  by  Federal  Statute  as  Labor  Day, 
while  the  first  Thursday  in  September  is  designated  as  Labor  Day  by 
statute  of  this  State,  thereby  causing  confusion  and  annoyance  in 
mercantile  transactions,  therefore,"  etc. 

These  several  Acts  were  all  brought  forward  in  the  Revisal  of 
1905  as  section  2838. 

The  Legislature  of  1907  added  another  legal  holiday  to  the  list 
by  setting  aside  as  a  holiday  "Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in 


216  Miscellaneous. 

November,  when  a  general  election  is  held."     This  is  chapter  996, 
Public  Laws   of  1907. 

The  latest  of  our  legal  holidays  is  the  twelfth  day  of  April.  This 
was  provided  for  by  chapter  888,  Public  Laws  of  1909,  which  is  as 
follows : 

"Whereas  the  Provincial  Congress  which  met  at  Halifax,  in  this 
State,  in  April,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-six,  after 
providing  for  the  military  organization  of  the  State,  did,  on  the 
twelfth  day  of  April,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-six. 
adopt  the  following  resolutions,  generally  known  as  the  'Halifax 
Resolutions,'  to  wit: 

"  'Resolved.  That  the  delegates  for  this  colony  in  the  Continental 
Congress  be  empowered  to  concur  with  the  delegates  of  the  other 
colonies  in  declaring  independency,  and  forming  foreign  alliances, 
reserving  to  this  colony  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  of  forming  a 
constitution  and  laws  for  this  colony.' 

"And  whereas  said  resolution  is  the  first  declaration  in  favor  of  in- 
dependence by  the  people  of  the  whole  State,  through  their  duly 
authorized  representatives,  and  was  adopted  more  than  two  months 
before  the  Declaration  of  Independence  by  the  Continental  Congress; 
and  whereas  an  occurrance  so  momentous  in  the  history  of  our  State 
and  Nation,  and  so  illustrative  of  the  patriotism  and  wisdom  of  the 
whole  people  of  North  Carolina,  should  be  commemorated,  therefore. 

''The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  enact: 

"Section  1.  That  the  twelfth  day  of  April  in  each  and  every  year 
be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  made  a  legal  holiday  in  North  Carolina." 

Legal  holidays  in  North  Carolina,  therefore,  are  as  follows: 

January  1 — New  Year's  Day. 

January  19 — Birthday  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee. 

February   22 — Birthday   of   George  Washington. 

April  12 — Anniversary  of  the  Resolutions  adopted  by  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress  of  North  Carolina  at  Halifax,  April  12,  1776,  in- 
structing the  delegates  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Continental 
Congress  to  vote  for  a  Declaration  of  Independence. 

May  10 — Confederate  Memorial  Day. 

May  20 — Anniversary  of  the  "Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence." 

July  4 — Independence  Day. 

September,   first  Monday — Labor  Day. 

November,  Tuesday  after  first  Monday — General  Election  Day. 

November,  last  Thursday — Thanksgiving  Day. 

December  25 — Christmas  Day. 


State  Flag.  217 


THE  STATE  FLAG. 

The  first  legislation  on  the  subject  of  a  State  flag  was  enacted 
by  the  Convention  of  1861.  May  20,  1861,  the  Convention  adopted 
the  Ordinance  of  Secession. 

On  that  same  day  Col.  John  D.  Whitford.  a  member  of  the  Con- 
vention from  Craven  County,  introduced  the  following  ordinance, 
which  was  passed  and  referred  to  a  select  committee  of  seven: 

"Be  it  ordained  that  the  flag  of  this  State  shall  be  a  blue  field 
with  a  white  V  thereon,  and  a  star,  incircling  which  shall  be  the 
words  'Surgit  astrum,  May  20th,  1775.'  " 

Colonel  Whitford  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  to  which 
this  ordinance  was  referred.  The  committee  secured  the  aid  and 
advice  of  William  Garl  Brown,  an  artist  of  Raleigh.  Brown  pre- 
pared and  submitted  a  model  to  this  committee.  And  this  model 
was  adopted  by  the  Convention  on  the  22d  day  of  June,  1861.  It 
will  be  observed  that  the  Brown  model,  to  be  hereafter  explained, 
was  vastly  different  from  the  one  originally  proposed  by  Colonel 
Whitford.  Here  is  the  ordinance  as  it  appears  on  the  Journal  of 
the  Convention: 

"an  ordinance  in  relation  to  a  state  flag." 

"Be  it  ordained  by  this  Convention,  and  it  is  hereby  ordained  by 
the  authority  of  the  same,  That  the  Flag  of  North  Carolina  shall 
consist  of  a  red  field  with  a  white  star  in  center,  and  with  the  in- 
scription, above  the  star,  in  a  semi-circular  form,  of  'May  20th.  1775,' 
and  below  the  star,  in  a  semi-circular  form,  of  'May  20,  1861.'  That 
there  shall  be  two  bars  of  equal  width,  and  the  length  of  the  field 
shall  be  equal  to  the  bar,  the  width  of  the  field  being  equal  to  both 
bars;  the  first  bar  shall  be  blue,  and  the  second  shall  be  white;  and 
the  length  of  the  flag  shall  be  one-third  more  than  its  width.  (Rati- 
fied the  22d  day  of  June,  1861.)" 

This  State  flag,  adopted  in  1861,  is  said  to  have  been  issued  to 
the  first  ten  regiments  of  State  troops  during  the  summer  of  that 
year,  and  was  borne  by  them  throughout  the  war,  being  the  only 
flag,  except  the  National  and  Confederate  colors,  used  by  the  North 
Carolina  troops  during  the  Civil  War.  This  flag  existed  until  1885. 
when  the  Legislature  of  that  year  adopted  a  new  model. 

The  bill,  which  was  introduced  by  General  Johnstone  Jones  on 
the  5th  of  February,  1885,  passed  its  final  reading  one  month  later 
after  little  or  no  debate.    This  act  reads  as  follows: 


218  Miscellaneous. 

an  act  to  establish  a  state  flag. 

The  General  Assembly  of  'North  Carolina  do  enact: 

Section  1.  That  the  flag  of  North  Carolina  shall  consist  of  a  blue 
union,  containing  in  the  center  thereof  a  white  star  with  the  letter 
N  in  gilt  on  the  left  and  the  letter  C  in  gilt  on  the  right  of  said 
star,  the  circle  containing  the  same  to  be  one-third  the  width  of 
the  union. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  fly  of  the  flag  shall  consist  of  two  equally  pro- 
portioned bars;  the  upper  bar  to  be  red,  the  lower  bar  to  be  white; 
that  the  length  of  the  bars  horizontally  shall  be  equal  to  the  per- 
pendicular length  of  the  union,  and  the  total  length  of  the  flag  shall 
be  one-third  more  than  its  width. 

Sec.  3.  That  above  the  star  in  the  center  of  the  union  there  shall 
be  a  gilt  scroll  in  semi-circular  form,  containing  in  black  letters 
this  inscription:  "May  20th,  1775,"  and  that  below  the  star  there 
shall  be  a  similar  scroll  containing  in  black  letters  the  inscription: 
"April  12th,  1776." 

In  the  General  Assembly  read  three  times  and  ratified  this  9th 
day  of  March,  A.  D.  1885. 

No  change  has  been  made  in  the  flag  since  the  passage  of  this 
act.     By  an  act  of  1907  it  is  provided: 

"That  the  board  of  trustees  or  managers  of  the  several  State  in- 
stitutions and  public  buildings  shall  provide  a  North  Carolina  flag, 
of  such  dimensions  and  material  as  they  may  deem  best,  and  the 
same  shall  be  displayed  from  a  staff  upon  the  top  of  each  and  -every 
such  building  at  all  times  except  during  inclement  weather,  and 
upon  the  death  .of  any  State  officer  or  any  prominent  citizen  the 
flag  shall  be  put  at  half-mast  until  the  burial  of  such  person  shall 
have  taken  place. 

"That  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of  the  several  counties 
in  this  State  shall  likewise  authorize  the  procuring  of  a  North  Caro- 
lina flag,  to  be  displayed  either  on  a  staff  upon  the  top,  or  draped 
behind  the  Judge's  stand,  in  each  and  every  courthouse  in  the 
State,  and  that  the  State  flag  shall  be  displayed  at  each  and  every 
term  of  court  held,  and  on  such  other  public  occasions  as  the  Com- 
misisoners  may  deem  proper." 


Great  Seal.  219 


THE  GREAT  SEAL.* 

The  Constitution  of  North  Carolina,  Article  III,  section  16.  re- 
quires  that 

"There  shall  be  a  seal  of  the  State  which  shall  be  kept  by  the 
Governor,  and  used  by  him  as  occasion  may  require,  and  shall  be 
called  'The  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina.'  All  grants 
and  commissions  shall  be  issued  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority 
of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  sealed  with  'The  Great  Seal  of  the 
State.'  signed  by  the  Governor  and  countersigned  by  the  Secretary 
of  State." 

The  use  of  a  Great  Seal  for  the  attestation  of  important  docu- 
ments began  with  the  institution  of  government  in  North  Carolina. 
There  have  been  at  various  times  nine  different  seals  in  use  in  the 
colony  and  State.  The  first  seal  was  adopted  by  the  Lords  Proprie- 
tors of  Carolina  soon  after  receiving  their  charter  from  the  Crown 
in  1665.  This  seal  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Public  Record  Office  in  Lon- 
don.    It  is  described  as  follows: 

"The  obverse  side  has  a  shield  bearing  on  its  face  two  cornucopias 
crossed,  filled  with  products  and  having  for  supporters,  on  the  sin- 
ister side,  an  Indian  chief  holding  an  arrow.  On  the  dexter  is  an 
Indian  squaw  with  a  papoose  by  her  side  and  one  in  her  arms. 
These  natives,  I  imagine,  are  supposed  to  be  bringing  tribute.  The 
crest  is  a  stag  upon  a  wreath  above  a  helmet  from  which  there  is  a 
mantling.  On  the  scroll  below  the  shield  is  the  motto,  Domitus 
Cultoribus  Orbis.  Around  the  shield  are  the  words  MAGNUM 
SIGILLUM  CAROLINAE  DOMINORUM.  On  the  reverse  side  is  a 
disc  bearing  a  cross,  around  which  are  arranged  the  coats-of-arms 
of  the  Lords  Proprietors  in  the  following  order:  Clarendon,  Albe- 
marle. Craven,  John  Berkeley,  Cooper,  Carteret,  William  Berkeley, 
and  Colleton.  The  size  of  this  seal  is  3%  inches  in  diameter,  and 
was  made  by  placing  together  two  wax  cakes  with  tape  between 
before  being  impressed,  and  was  about  V±  inch  thick.  This  seal 
was  used  on  all  the  official  papers  of  the  Lords  Proprietors  for 
Carolina,  embracing  North  and  South  Carolina." 

About  1665  the  government  of  Albemarle  County  was  organized, 
and  for  a  seal  the  reverse  side  of  the  seal  of  the  Lords  Proprietors 
was  adopted.  It  bore  the  word  A-L-B-E-M-A-R-L-E,  beginning  with 
the  letter  A  between  the  arms  of  Clarendon  and  Albermarle,  L  be- 


*Abridsred  from  "The  Great  Seal  of  North  Carolina,"  by  J.  Bryan  Grimes;  Pub- 
lications of  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission,   Bulletin  No.  5. 


220  Miscellaneous. 

tween  the  arms  of  Albemarle  and  Craven,  BE  between  the  arms  of 
Craven,  Lord  John  Berkeley,  etc. 

This  was  a  small  seal  1  7-16  inches  in  diameter,  with  one  face 
only,  and  is  now  frequently  to  be  found  attached  to  colonial  papers. 
It  was  first  used  for  the  government  of  the  County  of  Albemarle, 
and  then  became  the  seal  of  the  Province  of  North  Carolina,  being 
used  until  just  after  the  purchase  by  the  Crown. 

In  1730,  after  the  purchase  of  the  colony  by  the  Crown,  the  Lords 
of  Trade  proposed  to  the  King  a  new  seal  "whereon  Liberty  is  rep- 
resented introducing  Plenty  to  your  Majesty  with  this  motto,  Qua: 
sera  tamen  rcspexit,  and  this  inscription  round  the  circumference, 
Sigilhtm  Provinciae  Xostrae  Carolinae,  Septentrionalis."  The 
background  on  which  the  King  and  these  figures  stand  is  a  map 
of  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  and  in  the  offing  is  a  ship.  On  the 
reverse  of  this  seal  are  the  Royal  Arms,  Crown,  Garter,  Supporters 
and  Motto,  with  this  inscription  round  the  circumference,  Georgius 
Secundus  Dei  Gratia  Magnae  Britaniae,  Franciae,  et  Hibemiae,  Rex, 
Fidei  Defensor,  Brunsrici  et  Lunenbergi  Dux,  Sacri  Romani  Im- 
perii Arcni  Thesaurarius,  et  Elector. 

This  seal  was  made  by  placing  two  cakes  or  layers  of  wax  to- 
gether, between  which  was  the  ribbon  or  tape  with  which  the  in- 
strument was  interlaced  and  by  which  the  seal  was  appended.  It 
was  customary  to  put  a  piece  of  paper  on  the  outside  of  these  cakes 
before  they  were  impressed.  The  seal  complete  was  4  3/S  inches  in 
diameter  and  from  y2  to  %  inch  thick  and  weighed  about  5% 
ounces. 

In  1767,  Governor  Tryon  received  from  the  King  a  new  Great 
Seal  for  the  Province.  The  new  seal  was  engraved  on  the  one  side 
with  the  Royal  Arms.  Garter,  Crown,  Supporters  and  Motto,  and 
this  inscription  round  the  circumference  "Georgius  III  D:  G:  Mag. 
Bri.  Fr.  et  Hib.  Rex,  F.  D.  Brun,  et  Lun.  Dux.  S.  R.  I.  ar  Thes.  et 
El."  On  the  other  side  are  figures  of  the  King  and  Liberty  who  is 
introducing  Plenty  to  the  King  with  this  Motto,  Quae  Sera  Tamen 
Respexit.  Round  the  circumference  is  the  following  legend:  Sig- 
illium,  Provinciae  Xostrae  Carolinae,  Septentrionalis.  This  seal 
was  4  inches  in  diameter,  V>  to  %  inches  thick,  and  weighed  41/£ 
ounces. 

Sometimes  a  smaller  seal  than  the  Great  Seal  was  used,  as  com- 
missions and  grants  are  often  found  with  a  small  heart-shaped  seal 
about   one  inch  wide   and   a  quarter  of  an   inch   thick  which  was 


Great  Seal.  221 

impressed  with  a  crown.  Also  a  seal  was  occasionally  used  about 
three  inches  long  and  two  inchts  wide  and  half  an  inch  thick,  in 
the  shape  of  an  ellipse.  These  impressions  were  evidently  made  by 
putting  the  wax  far  enough  under  the  edge  of  the  Great  Seal  to 
take  the  impression  of  the  crown.  The  royal  governors  also  some- 
times used  their  private  seals. 

When  the  government  of  the  independent  State  of  North  Caro- 
lina was  organized,  the  Constitution  adopted  at  Halifax,  December 
18,  1776,  provided.  Section  XVII,  "That  there  shall  be  a  seal  of  this 
State,  which  shall  be  kept  by  the  Governor,  and  used  by  him  as 
occasion  may  require;  and  shall  be  called  the  Great  Seal  of  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  and  be  affixed  to  all  grants  and  commis- 
sion." 

The  Convention  of  1868  changed  the  section  of  the  Constitution, 
with  reference  to  the  seal,  to  real  as  it  now  stands. 

The  Assembly  of  1778  appointed  William  Tisdale  to  cut  and  en- 
grave the  first  State  seal,  under  the  direction  of  the  Governor.  This 
seal  was  used  until  1794.  Its  actual  size  was  three  inches  in  diame- 
ter and  %  inch  thick.  It  was  made  by  putting  two  cakes  of  wax 
together  with  paper  wafers  on  the  outside  and  pressed  between  the 
dies  forming  the  obverse  and  reverse  sides  of  this  seal. 

The  seal  of  1778  is  described  as  follows: 

"On  one  side  is  the  figure  of  Minerva  or  Liberty  holding  in  the 
right  hand  the  pole  with  cap  and  in  the  left  hand  with  arm  ex- 
tended is  held  a  large  scroll  on  which  appears  in  large  capital  let- 
ters the  wrord  'Constitution.'  Under  the  figure  the  words,  IN  LEGT- 
BUS  SALUS.  Around  the  circumference  are  the  words.  THE 
GREAT  SEAL  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA.  On  the 
other  side  of  the  shield  is  the  figure  of  a  woman,  probably  Plenty. 
The  right  arm  is  folded  across  her  breast  and  in  her  right  hand 
inclining  toward  her  left  shoulder  is  held  a  distaff.  In  the  left 
hand  with  arm  extended  is  held  an  ear  of  corn.  In  the  distance  be- 
yond a  tree  browses  a  cow.  Under  these  figures  appear  the  word 
and  letters  'INDEPENDENCE— MDCCLXXVI.'  Around  the  cir- 
cumference appear  the  words  0.  FORTUNATOS,  NIMIUM.  SUA. 
SI.  BONA.  NORINT,  COLONOS." 

In  December,  1781.  the  General  Assembly  autnorized  the  Gov- 
ernor to  procure  a  seal  that  should  "be  prepared  with  one  side  only, 
and  calculated  to  make  the  impression  on  the  face -of  such  grant, 
commission,  record,  or  other  public  act,"  etc.  An  artist  in  Phila- 
delphia submitted  a  sketch  to  the  Governor  as  follows:    Minerva  is 


222  Miscellaneous. 

represented  in  the  act  of  introducing  Ceres  with  her  horn  of  plenty 
to  Liberty,  who  is  seated  on  a  pedestal  holding  in  her  right  hand 
a  book  on  which  is  inscribed  the  word  "Constitution."  In  the 
background  are  introduced  a  pyramid,  denoting  strength  and  dura- 
bility and  a  pine  tree  which  relates  immediately  to  the  products  of 
the  State. 

This  sketch,  omitting  Minerva  and  with  some  minor  changes, 
was  accepted  by  Governor  Speight.  The  new  seal  was  very  much 
like  the  present  one.  It  has  two  figures,  Liberty  and  Plenty.  Lib- 
erty is  seated  on  a  pedestal  with  her  pole  in  her  right  hand,  and 
her  cap  on  the  pole;  in  her  left  hand  is  a  scroll  with  the  word 
"Constitution"  upon  it.  Plenty  is  standing  to  the  left  and  front  of 
Liberty;  around  her  head  is  a  circlet  of  flowers;  in  her  right  hand, 
leaning  against  her  shoulder,  is  her  cornucopia,  mouth  upwards, 
overflowing  with  fruits  and  produce.  In  her  left  is  an  ear  of  corn. 
Around  the  circumference  are  the  words  THE  GREAT  SEAL  OF 
THE  STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

This  seal  was  2V2  inches  in  diameter,  slightly  larger  than  the 
present  one,  and  was  used  until  about  1835. 

In  1834  the  Legislature  authorized  the  Governor  to  procure  a  new 
seal.  The  preamble  to  the  act  states  that  the  old  seal  had  been  in 
use  since  the  first  day  of  March,  1793.  The  seal  adopted  in  1835, 
which  was  used  until  1883,  was  the  very  similar  to  its  predecessor. 
On  it  Liberty  and  Plenty  faced  each  other.  Liberty  was  standing, 
her  pole  with  cap  on  it  in  her  left  hand,  and  a  scroll  with  the  word 
"Constitution"  inscribed  thereon  in  her  right  hand.  Plenty  is  sit- 
ting down,  her  right  arm  half  extended  towards  Liberty,  three 
heads  of  wheat  in  her  right  hand,  and  in  her  left  the  small  end 
of  her  horn,  the  mouth  of  which  is  resting  at  her  fett,  and  the 
contents  of  her  horn  rolling  out.  Around  the  circumference  were 
the  words  THE  GREAT  SEAL  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NORTH  CAR- 
OLINA.   This  seal  was  21/!  inches  in  diameter. 

In  1883  an  act  was  passed  relative  to  the  seal,  which  was  incor- 
porated in  the  Code  as  section  3329.  The  seal  therein  provided  for 
is  described  as  follows: 

"The  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  shall  be  two  and 
one-quarter  inches  in  diameter,  and  its  design  shall  be  a  representa- 
tion of  the  figures  of  Liberty  and  Plenty,  looking  toward  each 
other,  but  not  more  than  half  fronting  each  other,  and  otherwise 


State  Motto.  223 

disposed  as  follows:  Liberty,  the  first  figure,  standing,  her  pole 
with  cap  on  it  in  her  left  hand  and  a  scroll  with  the  word  'Consti- 
tution' inscribed  thereon  in  her  right  hand.  Plenty,  the  second  fig- 
ure, sitting  down,  her  right  arm  half  extended  towards  Liberty, 
three  heads  of  wheat  in  her  right  hand,  and  in  her  left  the  small 
end  of  her  horn,  the 'mouth  of  which  is  resting  at  her  feet,  and  the 
contents  of  the  horn  rolling  out." 

In  1893  an  act,  introduced  by  Jacob  Battle,  added  at  the  foot  of 
the  coat  of  arms  of  the  State  as  a  part  thereof  the  motto  "Esse 
Quam  Videri,"  and  required  that  the  words  "May  20,  1775,"  be  in- 
scribed at  the  top  of  the  coat  of  arms. 

The  present  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  is  de- 
scribed at  the  top  of  the  coat  of  arms. 

"The  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  is  two  and  one- 
quarter  inches  in  diameter,  and  its  design  is  a  representation  of 
the  figures  of  Liberty  and  Plenty,  looking  toward  each  other,  but 
not  more  than  half  fronting  each  other,  and  otherwise  disposed  as 
follows:  Liberty,  the  first  figure,  standing,  her  pole  with  cap  on  it 
in  her  left  hand  and  a  scroll  with  the  word  'Constitution'  inscribed 
thereon  in  her  right  hand.  Plenty,  the  second  figure,  sitting  down, 
her  right  arm  half  extended  toward  Liberty,  three  heads  of  wheat 
in  her  right  hand,  and  in  her  left  the  small  end  of  her  horn,  the 
mouth  of  which  is  resting  at  her  feet,  and  the  contents  of  horn  roll- 
ing out.  In  the  exergon  is  inserted  the  words  May  20,  1775,  above 
the  coat  of  arms.  Around  the  circumference  is  the  legend  'The 
Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina'  and  the  motto  'Esse 
Quam  Videri.'  " 


STATE  3IOTTO  AND  ITS  ORIGIN.* 

The  General  Assembly  of  1893  (chapter  145)  adopted  the  words 
"Esse  Quam  Videri"  as  the  State's  motto  and  directed  that  these 
words  with  the  date  "20  May,  1775,"  should  be  placed  with  our 
Coat  of  Arms  upon  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State. 

The  words  "Esse  Quam  Videri"  mean  "to  be  rather  than  to  seem." 
Nearly  every  State  has  adopted  a  motto,  generally  in  Latin.  The 
reason  for  their  mottoes  being  in  Latin  is  that  the  Latin  tongue 
is    far   more    condensed    and   terse    than    the   English.     The    three 


*  Adopted  from  an  article  by  Chief  Justice  Walter  Clark  in  The  North  Carolina 
Booklet,  Vol.  IX,   No.  3. 


224  Miscellaneous. 

words,  "Esse  Quam  Videri,"  require  at  least  six  English  words  to 
express  the  same  idea. 

Curiosity  has  been  aroused  to  learn  the  origin  of  our  State  motto. 
It  is  found  in  Cicero  in  his  essay  on  Friendship  (Cicero  de  Ami- 
citia.  chap.  26).  He  says,  "Virtute  enim  ipsa  hon  tarn  multi  prediti 
esse  quam  videri,"  i.  e.,  "Virtue  is  a  quality  which  not  so  many  de- 
sire to  possess  as  desire  to  seem  to  possess,"  or,  translated  literally, 
"For  indeed  not  so  many  wish  to  be  endowed  with  virtue  as  wish 
to  seem  to  be." 

The  phrase  is  a  striking  one.  and  Cicero's  version  of  it  has  been 
caught  up  and  often  used  as  a  motto.  No  less  than  three  houses 
of  British  nobility  have  adopted  it,  to  wit:  the  Earl  of  Winterton, 
Earl  Brownlow  and  Lord  Lurgan. 

It  has  been  adopted  by  many  associations  especially  literary 
societies.  In  this  State  it  is  the  motto  of  Wilson  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute and,  with  some  modifications,  of  one  of  the  societies  at  Wake 
Forest  College. 

The  figures  on  our  State  Coat  of  Arms  are  Liberty  and  Plenty. 
It  has  been  objected  that  the  motto  has  no  reference  or  application 
to  the  figures  on  the  coat  of  arms.  It  is  very  rarely  that  such  is 
the  case.  The  national  motto,  "E  Pluribus  Unum,"  has  no  refer- 
ance  to  the  Eagle  and  Shield  and  the  Thunderbolts  on  the  national 
coat  of  arms.  Nor  has  the  "Excelsior"  of  New  York,  the  "Dirigo" 
of  Maine,  the  "Qui  Transtulet,  Sustinet"  of  Connecticut  any  appli- 
cation to  the  figures  above  them.  Indeed  Virginia's  "Sic  Semper 
Tyrannis"  is  one  of  the  very  few  instances  in  which  the  motto 
bears  such  reference.  But,  in  fact,  is  our  motto  so  entirely  with- 
out reference  to  the  coat  of  arms  as  is  usually  the  case?  The  fig- 
ures are,  as  just  stated.  Liberty  and  Plenty.  Is  it  inappropriate  to 
say  we  prefer  to  be  free  and  prosperous  than  seem  to  be  so.  There 
have  been  States  that  had  all  the  appearance  of  liberty  and  pros- 
perity, when  in  truth  having  lost  the  reality  of  both,  they  were 
tottering  to  their   fall. 

It  is  a  little  singular  that  until  the  act  of  1893  the  sovereign  State 
of  North  Carolina  had  no  motto  since  its  declaration  of  indepen- 
dence. It  was  one  of  the  very  few  States  which  did  not  have  a 
motto  and  the  only  one  of  the  original  thirteen  without  one. 

It  may  be  noted  that  up  to  the  time  it  became  a  "sovereign  and 
independent  State"  the  Colony  or  Province  of  North  Carolina  bore 


Confederate  Museum  at  Richmond.  225 

on  its  great  seal  "Quae  sera  tamen  respexit."  This  was  taken  from 
the  first  Eclogue  of  Virgil  (line  27)  and,  referring  to  the  figure  of 
Liberty,  meant  "Which,  though  late,  looked  upon  me" — the  full  line 
in  Virgil  being  "Liberty,  which  though  late  looked  upon  me  indo.- 
lent."  No  wonder  that  this  was  dropped  by  the  new  State.  Noth- 
ing could  possibly  have  been  more  inappropriate.  Liberty  came 
not  to  her  late;  and  it  came  not  to  a  people  inert  or  unseeking 
her  rewards.     To  such,  liberty  never  comes. 

It  may  be  mentioned,  to  prevent  any  misunderstanding  as  to  the 
scope  of  the  Act  of  1S>93  (now  Revisal,  sec.  5320),  that  it  does  not 
apply  to  county  seals.  Each  county  is  authorized  to  adopt  its  own 
seal.  Revisal,  sec.  1318  (24).  Many  counties  now  have  on  their 
county  seals  the  appropriate  phrase,  "Leges  Jaraque  Vindicamus." 
Some  have  adopted  the  State  motto.  But  this  is  a  matter  left  to 
the  discretion  of  the  county  commissioners  in  each  county. 

Note  by  the  Editors  [of  The  Booklet]. — The  bill  which  was 
passed  in  1893  to  adopt  our  State  motto  was  introduced  by  Senator 
Jacob  Battle,  of  Nash,  afterwards  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court. 
We  have  before  us  a  letter  from  him  in  which  he  states  that  the 
motto  was  selected  by  Judge — since  Chief  Justice — Walter  Clark, 
who  also  drew  the  bill  and  requested  him  to  present  it.  He  adds 
that  the  words  "20  May,  1775,"  secured  the  hearty  cooperation  of 
Senator  Brevard  McDowell,  of  Mecklenburg,  and  by  their  joint 
efforts  the  bill  passed  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  both  houses  of  the 
General   Assembly,   and   without   amendment. 


THE  CONFEDERATE  MUSEUM  AT  RICHMOND. 

In  the  house  in  Richmond.  Virginia,  which  was  the  Executive 
Mansion  of  the  Confederate  States,  and  as  such  was  occupied  by 
President  Jefferson  Davis  from  1861  to  1865,  the  United  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy  support  a  museum  of  relics  of  the  Confederacy. 
To  each  of  the  former  Confederate  States  is  assigned  a  room  which 
it  supports.  To  the  support  of  the  North  Carolina  Room,  the 
General  Assembly  appropriates  $200  annually.  About  eight  years 
ago  it  was  decided  that  each  room  must  raise  an  endowment  of 
$2,000.  The  officials  of  the  North  Carolina  room  increased  theirs 
15 


226  Miscellaneous. 

to  $3,000,  and  up  to  date  are  the  only  ones  who  have  completed 
their  fund.  The  North  Carolina  room  contains  one  of  the  largest 
collections  of  relics,  and  the  largest  collection  of  portraits,  in  the 
museum.     Ahout  15,000  persons  visit  the  museum  annually. 

The  State  Regent  for  North  Carolina  is,  in  1918,  Mrs.  Latta  C. 
Johnson  of  Charlotte,  the  Vice-Regent  is  Mrs.  J.  Allison  Hodges, 
Richmond,  Va. 


PART  VIII. 


PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES,  1916. 


1.  National   Democratic   Platform. 

2.  National  Republican  Platform. 

3.  National  Socialist  Platform. 

4.  National  Prohibition  Platform. 

5.  State  Democratic  Platform. 

6.  State  Republican  Platform. 

7.  State  Socialist  Platform. 


NATIONAL  DEMOCRATIC  PLATFORM,  1916. 

The  Democratic  Party,  in  national  convention  assembled,  adopts 
the  following  declaration  to  the  end  that  the  people  of  the  United 
States  may  both  realize  the  achievements  wrought  by  four  years 
of  Democratic  administration  and  be  apprised  of  the  policies  to 
which  the  party  is  committed  for  the  further  conduct  of  national 
affairs. 

EECOED   OF   ACHIEVEMENT. 

We  indorse  the  administration  of  Woodrow  Wilson.  It  speaks 
for  itself.  It  is  the  best  exposition  of  sound  Democratic  policy  at 
home  and  abroad. 

We  challenge  comparison  of  our  record,  our  keeping  of  pledges 
and  our  constructive  legislation,  with  those  of  any  party  of  any 
time. 

We  found  our  country  hampered  by  special  privilege,  a  vicious 
tariff,  obsolete  banking  laws  and  an  inelastic  currency.  Our  foreign 
affairs  were  dominated  by  commercial  interests  for  their  selfish 
ends.  The  Republican  Party,  despite  repeated  pledges,  was  impo- 
tent to  correct  abuses  which  it  had  fostered.  Under  our  adminis- 
tration, under  a  leadership  which  has  never  faltered,  these  abuses 
have  been  corrected,  and  our  people  have  been  freed  therefrom. 

Our  archaic  banking  and  currency  system,  prolific  of  panic  and 
disaster  under  Republican  administration — long  the  refuge  of  the 
Money  Trust — has  been  supplanted  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Act,  a 
true  democracy  of  credit  under  Government  control,  already  proved 
a  financial  bulwark  in  a  world  crisis,  mobilizing  our  resourcts, 
placing  abundant  credit  at  the  disposal  of  legitimate  industry  and 
making  a  currency  panic  impossible. 

We  have  created  a  Federal  Trade  Commission  to  accommodate 
the  perplexing  questions  arising  under  the  antitrust  laws  so  that 
monopoly  may  be  strangled  at  its  birth  and  legitimate  industry 
encouraged.     Fair  competition  in  business  is  now  assured. 

We  have  effected  an  adjustment  of  the  tariff,  adequate  for  reve- 
nue under  peace  conditions,  and  fair  to  the  consumer  and  to  the 
producer.  We  have  adjusted  the  burdens  of  taxation  so  that  swol- 
len incomes  bear  their  equitable  share.  Our  revenues  have  been 
sufficient  in  times  of  world  stress,  and  will  largely  exceed  the  ex- 
penditures for  the  current  fiscal  year. 


230  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

We  have  lifted  human  labor  from  the  category  of  commodities 
and  have  secured  to  the  workingman  the  right  of  voluntary  asso- 
ciation for  his  protection  and  welfare.  We  have  protected  the 
rights  of  the  laborer  against  the  unwarranted  issuance  of  writs 
of  injunction,  and  have  guaranteed  to  him  the  right  of  trial  by 
jury  in  cases  of  alleged  contempt  committed  outside  the  presence 
of  the  court. 

We  have  advanced  the  parcels  post  to  genuine  efficiency,  enlarged 
the  Postal  Savings  System,  added  10,000  rural-delivery  routes  and 
extensions,  thus  reaching  2,500,000  additional  people,  improved  the 
Postal  Service  in  every  branch,  and  for  the  first  time  in  our  history 
placed  the  postoffice  system  on  a  self-supporting  basis,  with  actual 
surplus  in*  1913,  1914,  and  1916. 

ECONOMIC  freedom. 

The  reforms  which  were  most  obviously  needed  to  clear  away 
special  privilege,  prevent  unfair  discrimination  and  release  the 
energies  of  men  of  all  ranks  and  advantages,  have  been  effected  by 
recent  legislation.  We  must  now  remove,  as  far  as  possible,  every 
remaining  element  of  unrest  and  uncertainty  from  the  path  of  the 
business  men  of  America,  and  secure  for  them  a  continued  period 
of  quiet,  assured  and  confident  prosperity. 

TARIFF. 

We  reaffirm  our  belief  in  the  doctrine  of  a  tariff  for  the  purpose 
of  providing  sufficient  revenue  for  the  operation  of  the  Government 
economically  administered  and  unreservedly  indorse  the  Underwood 
tariff  law  as  truly  exemplifying  that  doctrine.  We  recognize  that 
tariff  rates  are  necessarily  subject  to  change  to  meet  changing  con- 
ditions in  the  world's  production  and  trade.  The  events  of  the 
last  two  years  have  brought  about  many  momentous  changes.  In 
some  respects  their  effects  are  yet  conjectural  and  wait  to  be  dis- 
closed, particularly  in  regard  to  our  foreign  trade. 

Two  years  of  a  war  which  has  directly  involved  most  of  the  chief 
industrial  nations  of  the  world  and  which  has  indirectly  affected 
the  life  and  industry  of  all  nations,  are  bringing  about  economic 
changes  more  varied  and  far-reaching  than  the  world  has  ever 
before  experienced.  In  order  to  ascertain  just  what  those  changes 
may  be.   the   Democratic   Congres    is   providing   for   a   nonpartisan 


National  Democratic  Platform.  231 

tariff  commission  to  make  impartial  and  thorough  study  of  every 
economic  fact  that  may  throw  light  either  upon  our  past  or  upon 
our  future  fiscal  policy  with  regard  to  the  imposition  of  taxes  on 
imports  or  with  regard  to  the  changed  and  changing  conditions 
under  which  our  trade  is  carried  on.  We  cordially  indorse  this 
timely  proposal  and  declare  ourselves  in  sympathy  with  the  princi- 
ple and  purpose  of  shaping  legislation  within  that  field  in  accord- 
ance with  clearly  established  facts  rather  than  in  accordance  with 
the  demands  of  selfish  interests  or  upon  information  provided 
largely.,  if  not  exclusively,  by  them. 

AMERICANISM. 

The  part  which  the  United  States  will  play  in  the  new  day  of  in- 
ternational relationships  that  is  now  upon  us  will  depend  upon  our 
preparation  and  our  character.  The  Democratic  Party,  therefore, 
recognizes  the  assertion  and  triumphant  demonstration  of  the  indi- 
visibility and  coherent  strength  of  the  Nation  as  the  supreme  issue 
of  this  day  in  which  the  whole  world  faces  the  crisis  of  manifold 
change.  It  summons  all  men  of  whatever  origin  or  creed  who 
would  count  themselves  Americans,  to  join  in  making  clear  to  all 
the  world  the  unity  and  consequent  power  of  America.  This  is  an 
issue  of  patriotism.  To  taint  it  with  partisanship  would  be  to  defile 
it.  In  this  day  of  test,  America  must  show  itself  not  a  Nation  of 
partisans  but  a  Nation  of  patriots.  There  is  gathered  here  in 
America  the  best  of  the  blood,  the  industry  and  the  genius  of  the 
world,  the  elements  of  a  great  race  and  a  magnificent  society  to  be 
welded  into  a  mighty  and  splendid  Nation. 

"Whoever,  actuated  by  the  purpose  to  promote  the  interest  of  a 
foreign  power,  in  disregard  of  our  own  country's  welfare  or  to 
injure  this  Government  in  its  foreign  relations  or  cripple  or  destroy 
its  industries  at  home,  and  whoever  by  arousing  prejudices  of  a 
racial,  religious  or  other  nature  creates  discord  and  strife  among 
our  people  so  as  to  obstruct  the  wholesome  process  of  unification, 
is  faithless  to  the  trust  which  the  privileges  of  citizenship  re- 
pose in  him  and  is  disloyal  to  his  country.  We,  therefore,  condemn 
as  subversive  of  this  Nation's  unity  and  integrity,  and  as  destruc- 
tive of  its  welfare,  the  activities  and  designs  of  every  group  or 
organization,  political  or  otherwise,  that  has  for  its  object  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  interest  of  a  foreign  power,  whether  such  object 
is  promoted  by  intimidating  the  Government,  a  political  party,  or 


232  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

representatives  of  the  people,  or  which  is  calculated  and  tends  to 
divide  our  people  into  antagonistic  groups  and  thus  to  destroy  that 
complete  agreement  and  solidarity  of  the  people  and  that  unity  of 
sentiment  and  purpose  so  essential  to  the  perpetuity  of  the  Nation 
and  its  free  institutions.  We  condemn  all  alliances  and  combina- 
tions of  individuals  in  this  country  of  whatever  nationality  or  de- 
scent, who  agree  and  conspire  together  for  the  purpose  of  embar- 
rassing or  weakening  our  Government  or  of  improperly  influencing 
or  coercing  our  public  representatives  in  dealing  or  negotiating 
with  any  foreign  power.  We  charge  that  such  conspiracies  among 
a  limited  number  exist  and  have  been  instigated  for  the  purpose 
of  advancing  the  interests  of  foreign  countries  to  the  prejudice  and 
detriment  of  our  own  country.  We  condemn  any  political  party 
which,  in  view  of  the  activity  of  such  conspirators,  surrenders'  its 
integrity  or  modifies  its  policy. 

PREPAREDNESS. 

Along  with  the  proof  of  our  character  as  a  nation  must  go  the 
proof  of  our  power  to  play  the  part  that  legitimately  belongs  to  us. 
The  people  of  the  United  States  love  peace.  They  respect  the 
rights  and  covet  the  friendship  of  all  other  nations.  They  desire 
neither  any  additional  teritory  nor  any  advantage  which  cannot 
be  peacefully  gained  by  their  skill,  their  industry,  or  their  enter- 
prise; but  they  insist  upon  having  absolute  freedom  of  national 
life  and  policy,  and  feel  that  they  owe  it  to  themselves  and  to  the 
role  of  spirited  independence  which  it  is  their  sole  ambition  to 
play,  that  they  should  render  themselves  secure  against  the  hazard 
of  interference  from  any  quarter,  and  should  be  able  to  protect 
their  rights  upon  the  seas  or  in  any  part  of  the  world.  We,  there- 
fore, favor  the  maintenance  of  an  Army  fully  adequate  to  the  re- 
quirements of  order,  of  safety  and  of  the  protection  of  the  Nation's 
rights;  the  fullest  development  of  modern  methods  of  seacoast  de- 
fense and  the  maintenance  of  an  adequate  reserve  of  citizens 
trained  to  arms  and  prepared  to  safeguard  the  people  and  territory 
of  the  United  States  against  any  danger  of  hostile  action  which 
may  unexpectedly  arise;  and  a  fixed  policy  for  the  continuous  de- 
velopment of  a  Navy  worthy  to  support  the  great  naval  traditions 
of  the  United  States  and  fully  equal  to  the  international  tasks 
which   this  Nation   hopes  and   expects  to   take  part  in  performing. 


National  Democratic  Platform.  233 

The  plans  and  enactments  of  the  present  Congress  afford  substan- 
tial proof  of  our  purpose  in  this  exigent  matter. 

international  relations. 

The  Democratic  administration  has  thoroughout  the  present  war 
scrupulously  successfully  held  to  the  old  paths  of  neutrality  and  to 
the  peaceful  pursuit  of  the  legitimate  objects  of  our  national  life 
which  statesmen  of  all  parties  and  creeds  have  prescribed  for  them- 
selves in  America  since  the  beginning  of  our  history.  But  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  last  two  years  have  revealed  necessities  of  inter- 
national action  which  no  former  generation  can  have  foreseen. 
We  hold  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  United  States  to  use  its  power, 
not  only  to  make  itself  safe  at  home,  but  also  to  make  secure  its 
just  interests  throughout  the  world,  and,  both  for  this  end  and 
in  the  interest  of  humanity,  to  assist  the  world  in  securing  settled 
peace  and  justice.  We  believe  that  every  people  has  the  right  to 
choose  the  sovereignty  under  which  it  shall  live;  that  the  small 
states  of  the  world  have  a  right  to  enjoy  from  other  nations  the 
same  respect  for  their  sovereignty  and  for  their  tentorial  integ- 
rity that  great  and  powerful  nations  expect  and  insist  upon;  and 
that  the  world  has  a  right  to  be  free  from  every  disturbance  of  its 
peace  that  has  its  origin  in  aggression  or  disregard  of  the  rights 
of  peoples  and  nations;  and  we  believe  that  the  time  has  come 
when  it  is  the  duty  of  the  United  States  to  join  with  the  other 
nations  of  the  world  in  any  feasible  association  that  will  effectively 
serve  those  principles,  to  maintain  inviolate  the  complete  security 
of  the  highway  of  the  seas  for  the  common  and  unhindered  use  of 
all   nations. 

The  present  administration  has  consistently  sought  to  act  upon 
and  realize  in  its  conduct  of  the  foreign  affairs  of  the  Nation  the 
principle  that  should  be  the  object  of  any  association  of  the  nations 
formed  to  secure  the  peace  of  the  world  and  the  maintenance  of 
national  and  individual  rights.  It  has  followed  the  highest  Ameri- 
can traditions.  It  has  preferred  respect  for  the  fundamental  rights 
of  smaller  states  even  to  property  interests,  and  has  secured  the 
friendship  of  the  people  of  such  states  for  the  United  States  by 
refusing  to  make  a  mere  material  interest  an  excuse  for  the  asser- 
tion of  our  superior  power  against  the  dignity  of  their  sovereign 
independence.      It   has    regarded    the   lives    of   its    citizens    and    the 


234  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

claims  of  humanity  as  of  greater  moment  than  material  rights, 
and  peace  as  the  best  basis  for  the  just  settlement  of  commercial 
claims.  It  has  made  the  honor  and  ideals  of  the  United  States  its 
standard  alike  in  negotiation  and  action. 

PAN-AMERICAN    COXCORD. 

We  recognize  now,  as  we  have  always  recognized,  a  definite  and 
common  interest  between  the  United  States  and  the  other  peopies 
and  Republics  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  in  all  matters  of  national 
independence  and  free  political  development.  We  favor  the  estab- 
lishment and  maintenance  of  the  closest  relations  of  amity  and 
mutual  helpfulness  between  the  United  States  and  the  other  Repub- 
lics of  the  American  continents  for  the  support  of  peace  and  'the 
promotion  of  a  common  prosperity.  To  that  end  we  favor  all 
measures  which  may  be  necessary  to  facilitate  intimate  intercourse 
and  promote  commerce  between  the  United  States  and  our  neigh- 
bors to  the  south,  and  such  international  understanding  as  may  be 
practicable  and  suitable  to  accomplish  these  ends. 

We  commend  the  action  of  the  Democratic  administration  in 
holding  the  Pan-American  Financial  Conference  at  Washington  in 
May,  1915,  and  organizing  the  International  High  Commission 
which  represented  the  United  States  in  the  recent  meeting  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Latin-American  Republics  at  Buenos  Aires, 
April,  1916,  which  have  so  greatly  promoted  the  friendly  relations 
between  the  people  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 

MEXICO. 

The  Monroe  doctrine  is  reasserted  as  a  principle  of  Democratic 
faith.  That  doctrine  guarantees  the  Independent  Republics  of  the 
two  Americas  against  aggression  from  another  continent.  It  im- 
plies, as  well,  the  most  scrupulous  regard  upon  our  part  for  the 
sovereignty  of  each  of  them.  We  court  their  good  will.  We  seek 
not  to  despoil  them.  The  want  of  a  stable,  responsible  government 
in  Mexico,  capable  of  repressing  and  punishing  marauders  and 
bandit  bands,  who  have  not  only  taken  the  lives  and  seized  and 
destroyed  the  property  of  American  citizens  in  that  country,  but 
have  insolently  invaded  our  soil,  made  war  upon  and  murdered  our 
people  thereon,  has  rendered  it  necessary  temporarily  to  occupy,  by 


National  Democratic  Platform.  235 

our  armed  forces,  a  portion  of  the  territory  of  that  friendly  state. 
Until  by  the  estoration  of  law  and  order  therein,  a  repetition  of 
such  incursions  is  improbable,  the  necessity  for  their  remaining 
will  continue.  Intervention,  implying  as  it  does  military  subjuga- 
tion, is  revolting  to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  notwithstand- 
ing the  provocation  to  that  course  has  been  great  and  should  be 
resorted  to,  if  at  all,  only  as  a  last  recourse.  The  stubborn  resist- 
ance of  the  President  and  his  advisers  to  every  demand  and  sug- 
gestion to  enter  upon  it,  is  creditable  alike  to  them  and  to  the  peo- 
ple in  whose  name  he  speaks. 

MERCHANT    MARINE. 

Immediate  provision  should  be  made  for  the  development  of  the 
carrying  trade  of  the  United  States.  Our  foreign  commerce  has  in 
the  past  been  subject  to  many  unnecessary  and  vexatious  obstacles 
in  the  way  of  legislation  of  Republican  Congresses.  Until  the  re- 
cent Democratic  tariff  legislation,  it  was  hampered  by  unreasonable 
burdens  of  taxation.  Until  the  recent  banking  legislation,  it  had 
at  its  disposal  few  of  the  necessary  instrumentalities  of  interna- 
tional credit  and  exchange.  Until  the  formulation  of  the  pending  act 
to  promote  the  construction  of  a  merchant  marine,  it  lacked  even 
the  prospect  of  adequate  carriage  by  sea.  We  heartily  indorse  the 
purposes  and  policy  of  the  pending  shipping  bill  and  favor  all  such 
additional  measures  of  constructive  or  remedial  legislation  as  may 
be  necessary  to  restore  our  flag  to  the  seas  and  to  provide  further 
facilities  for  our  foreign  commerce,  particularly  such  laws  as  may 
be  requisite  to  remove  unfair  conditions  of  competition  in  the 
dealings  of  American  merchants  and  producers  with  competitors 
in  foreign  markets. 

CONSERVATION. 

For  the  safeguarding  and  quickening  of  the  life  of  our  own  peo- 
ple, we  favor  the  conservation  and  development  of  the  natural  re- 
sources of  the  country  through  a  policy  which  shall  be  positive 
rather  than  negative,  a  policy  which  shall  not  withhold  such  re- 
sources from  development  but  which  while  permitting  and  en- 
couraging their  use,  shall  prevent  both  waste  and  monopoly  in 
their  exploitation,  and  we  earnestly  favor  the  passage  of  acts  which 
will  accomplish  these  objects,  reaffirming  the  declaration  of  the 
platform  of  1912  on  this  subject. 


236  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

The  policy  of  reclaiming  our  arid  lands  should  be  steadily  ad- 
hered to. 

THE    ADMINISTRATION    AND    THE    FARMER. 

We  favor  the  vigorous  prosecution  of  investigations  and  plans  to 
render  agriculture  more  profitable  and  country  life  more  healthful, 
comfortable  and  attractive,  and  we  believe  that  this  should  be  a 
dominant  aim  of  the  Nation  as  well  as  of  the  States.  With  all  its 
recent  improvement,  farming  still  lags  behind  other  occupations  in 
development  as  a  business,  and  the  advantages  of  an  advancing 
civilization  have  not  accrued  to  rural  communities  in  a  fair  propor- 
tion. Much  has  been  accomplished  in  this  field  under  the  present 
administration,  far  more  than  under  any  previous  administration. 
In  the  Federal  Reserve  Act  of  the  last  Congress  and  the  Rural 
Credits  Act  of  the  present  Congress,  the  machinery  has  been  created 
which  will  make  credit  available  to  the  farmer  constantly  and 
readily,  placing  him  at  last  upon  a  footing  of  equality  with  the 
merchant  and  the  manufacturer  in  securing  the  capital  necessary 
to  carry  on  his  enterprises.  Grades  and  standards  necessary  to  the 
intelligent  and  successful  conduct  of  the  business  of  agriculture 
have  also  been  established  or  are  in  the  course  of  being  established 
by  law.  The  long-needed  Cotton  Futures  Act,  passed  by  the  Sixty- 
third  Congress,  has  now  been  in  successful  operation  for  nearly  two 
years.  A  Grain  Grades  Bill,  long  needed,  and  a  Permissive  Ware- 
house Bill,  intended  to  provide  better  storage  facilities  and  to  en- 
able the  farmer  to  obtain  certificates  upon  which  he  may  secure 
advances  of  money,  have  been  passed  by  the  Hopse  of  Representa- 
tives, have  been  favorably  reported  to  the  Senate,  and  will  probably 
become  law  during  the  present  session  of  the  Congress.  Both 
Houses  have  passed  a  good-roads  measure  which  will  be  of  far  reach- 
ing benefit  to  all  agricultural  communities.  Above  all,  the  most 
extraordinary  and  significant  progress  has  been  made,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  in  extending  and  per- 
fecting practical  farm  demonstration  work  which  is  so  rapidly  sub- 
stituting scientific  for  empirical  farming.  But  it  is  also  necessary 
that  rural  activities  should  be  better  directed  through  cooperation 
and  organization,  that  unfair  methods  of  competition  should  be 
eliminated  and  the  conditions  requisite  for  the  just,  orderly  and 
economical  marketing  of  farm  products  created.  We  approve  the 
Democratic  administration   for  having  emphatically  directed  atten- 


National  Democratic  Platform.  237 

tion  for  the  first  time  to  the  essential  interests  of  agriculture  in- 
volved in  farm  marketing  and  finance,  for  creating  the  Office  of 
Markets  and  Rural  Organization  in  connection  with  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  and  for  extending  the  cooperative  machinery 
necessary  for  conveying  information  to  farmers  by  means  of  demon- 
strations. We  favor  continued  liberal  provision,  not  only  for  the 
benefit  of  production,  but  also  for  the  study  and  solution  of  prob- 
lems of  farm  marketing  and  finance  and  for  the  extension  of  existing 
agencies  for  improving  country  life. 

good  roads. 

The  happiness,  comfort  and  prosperity  of  rural  life,  and  the  de- 
velopment of  the  city,  are  alike  conserved  by  the  construction  of 
public  highways.  "We,  therefore,  favor  national  aid  in  the  construc- 
tion of  post  roads  and  roads  for  military  purposes. 

GOVERNMENT    EMPLOYMENT. 

We  hold  that  the  life,  health  and  strength  of  the  men,  women  and 
children  of  the  Nation  are  its  greatest  asset,  and  that  in  the  con- 
servation of  these  the  Federal  Government,  wherever  it  acts  as  the 
employer  of  labor,  should  both  on  its  own  account  and  as  an  exam- 
ple, put  into  effect  the  folowing  principles  of  just  employment: 

1.  A  living  wage  for  all  employees. 

2.  A  working  day  not  to  exceed  eight  hours,  with  one  day  of  rest 
in  seven. 

3.  The  adoption  of  safety  appliances  and  the  establishment  of 
thoroughly  sanitary  conditions  of  labor. 

4.  Adequate  compensation  for  industrial  accidents. 

5.  The  standards  of  the  "Uniform  Child  Labor  Law"  wherever 
minors  are  employed. 

6.  Such  provisions  for  decency,  comfort  and  health  in  the  employ- 
ment of  women  as  should  be  accorded  the  mothers  of  the  race. 

7.  An  equitable  retirement  law  providing  for  the  retirement  of 
superannuated  and  disabled  employees  of  the  civil  service,  to  the 
end  that  a  higher  standard  of  efficiency  may  be  maintained. 

We  believe  also  that  the  adoption  of  similar  principles  should  be 
urged  and  applied  in  the  legislation  of  the  States  with  regard  to 
labor  within  their  borders  and  that  through  every  possible  agency 
the  life  and  health  of  the  people  of  the  Nation  should  be  conserved. 


238  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 


labor. 


We  declare  our  faith  in  the  Seamen's  Act,  passed  by  the  Demo- 
cratic Congress,  and  we  promise  our  earnest  continuance  of  its  en- 
forcement. 

We  favor  the  speedy  enactment  of  an  effective  Federal  Child  La- 
bor Law,  and  the  regulation  of  the  shipment  of  prison-made  goods 
in  interstate  commerce. 

We  favor  the  creation  of  a  Federal  Bureau  of  Safety  in  the  De- 
partment of  Labor,  to  gather  facts  concerning  industrial  hazards, 
and  to  recommend  legislation  to  prevent  the  maiming  and  killing 
of  human  beings. 

We  favor  the  extension  of  the  powers  and  functions  of  the  Fed- 
eral Bureau  of  Mines. 

We  favor  the  development  upon  a  systematic  scale  of  the  means, 
already  begun  under  the  present  administration,  to  assist  laborers 
throughout  the  Union  to  seek  and  obtain  employment,  and  the 
extension  by  the  Federal  Government  of  the  same  assistance  and 
encouragement  as  is  now  given  to  agricultural  training. 

We  heartily  commend  our  newly  established  Department  of  Labor 
for  its  fine  records  in  settling  strikes  by  personal  advice  and 
through  conciliating  agents. 

public  health. 

We  favor  a  thorough  reconsideration  of  the  means  and  methods 
by  which  the  Federal  Government  handles  questions  of  public 
health  to  the  end  that  human  life  may  be  conserved  by  the  elimina- 
tion of  loathsome  diseases,  the  improvement  of  sanitation,  and  the 
diffusion  of  a  knowledge  of  disease  prevention. 

We  favor  the  establishment  by  the  Federal  Government  of  tuber- 
culosis sanitariums   for   needy    tubercular  patients. 

SENATE   RULES. 

We  favor  such  alteration  of  the  rules  of  procedure  of  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States  as  will  permit  the  prompt  transaction  of  the 
Nation's  legislative  business. 

ECONOMY    AND    THE    BUDGET. 

We  demand  careful  economy  in  all  expenditures  for  the  support 
of  the  Government,  and  to  that  end  favor  a  return  by  the  House  of 


National  Democratic  Platform.  239 

Representatives  to  its  former  practice  of  initiating  and  preparing 
all  appropriation  bills  through  a  single  committee  chosen  from  its 
membership,  in  order  that  responsibility  may  be  centered,  expendi- 
tures standardized  and  made  uniform,  and  waste  and  duplication 
in  the  public  service  as  much  a  spossible  avoided.  "We  favor  this  as 
a  practicable  first  step  toward  a  budget  system. 

CIVIL    SERVICE. 

We  reaffirm  our  declaration  for  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  Civil 
Service  laws. 

PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

"We  heartily  indorse  the  provisions  of  the  bill,  recently  passed  by 
the  House  of  Representatives,  further  promoting  self-government  in 
the  Philippine  Islands  as  being  in  fulfillment  of  the  policy  declared 
by  the  Democratic  Party  in  its  last  National  platform,  and  we  reit- 
erate our  indorsement  of  the  purpose  of  ultimate  independence  for 
the  Philippine  Islands,  expressed  in  the  preamble  of  that  measure. 

WOMAN    SUFFRAGE. 

We  recommend  the  extension  of  the  franchise  to  the  women  of 
the  country  by  the  States  upon  the  same  terms  as  to  men. 

PROTECTION    OF    CITIZENS. 

We  again  declare  the  policy  that  the  sacred  rights  of  American 
citizenship  must  be  preserved  at  home  and  abroad,  and  that  no 
treaty  shall  receive  the  sanction  of  our  Government  which  does  not 
expressly  recognize  the  absolute  equality  of  all  our  citizens  irrespec- 
tive of  race,  creed  or  previous  nationality,  and  which  does  not  rec- 
ognize the  right  of  expatriation.  The  American  Government  should 
protect  American  citizens  in  their  rights  not  only  at  home,  but 
abroad,  and  any  country  having  a  government  should  be  held  to  a 
strict  accountability  for  any  wrongs  done  them,  either  to  person  or 
to  property.  At  the  earliest  practicable  opportunity  our  country 
should  strive  earnestly  for  peace  among  the  warring  nations  of 
Europe  and  seek  to  bring  about  the  adoption  of  the  fundamental 
principle  of  justice  and  humanity,  that  all  men  shall  enjoy  equality 
of  right  and  freedom  from  discrimination  in  the  lands  wherin  they 
dwell. 


240  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 


PRISON    REFORM. 


We  demand  that  the  modern  principles  of  prison  reform  be  ap- 
plied in  our  Federal  Penal  System.  We  favor  such  work  for  pris- 
oners as  shall  give  them  training  in  remunerative  occupations  so 
that  they  may  make  an  honest  living  when  released  from  prison; 
the  setting  apart  of  the  net  wages  of  the  prisoner  to  be  paid  to  his 
dependent  family  or  to  be  reserved  for  his  own  use  upon  his  re- 
lease; the  liberal  extension  of  the  principles  of  the  Federal  Parole 
Law,  with  due  regard  both  to  the  welfare  of  the  prisoners  and  the 
interests  of  society;  the  adoption  of  the  probation  system,  espe- 
cially in  the  case  of  first  offenders  not  convicted  of  serious  crimes. 


PENSIONS. 


We  renew  the  declarations  of  recent  Democratic  platforms  relat- 
ing to  generous  pensions  for  soldiers  and  their  widows  and  call 
attention  to   our  record   of  performance  in  this  particular. 

WATERWAYS    AND    FLOOD    CONTROL. 

We  renew  the  declarations  of  recent  Democratic  platforms  relat- 
ing to  development  of  our  waterways.  The  recent  devastation  of 
the  lower  Mississippi  Valley  and  several  other  sections  by  floods 
accentuates  the  movement  for  the  regulation  of  river  flow  by  addi- 
tional bank  and  levee  protection  below,  and  diversion,  storage  and 
control  of  the  flood  waters  above,  and  their  utilization  for  beneficial 
purposes  in  the  reclamation  of  arid  and  swamp  lands,  and  develop- 
ment of  water  power,  instead  of  permitting  the  floods  to  continue  as 
heretofore  agents  of  destruction.  We  hold  that  the  control  of  the 
Mississippi  River  is  a  national  problem.  The  preservation  of  the 
depth  of  its  waters  for  purposes  of  navigation,  the  building  of  levees 
and  works  of  bank  protection  to  maintain  the  integrity  of  its  chan- 
nel and  prevent  the  overflow  of  its  valley  resulting  in  the  interrup- 
tion of  interstate  commerce,  the  disorganization  of  the  mail  service, 
and  the  enormous  loss  of  life  and  property,  impose  an  obligation 
which  alone  can  be  discharged  by  the  National  Government. 

We  favor  the  adoption  of  a  liberal  and  comprehensive  plan  for 
the  development  and  improvement  of  our  harbors  and  inland  water- 
ways with  economy  and  efficiency  so  as  to  permit  their  navigation 
by  vesesls  of  standard  draft. 


National  Democratic  Platform.  241 

ALASKA. 

It  has  been  and  will  be  the  policy  of  the  Democratic  Party  to 
enact  all  laws  necessary  for  the  speedy  development  of  Alaska  and 
its  great  natural  resources. 

territories. 

We  favor  granting  to  the  people  of  Alaska,  Hawaii  and  Porto 
Rico  the  traditional  territorial  government  accorded  to  all  territo- 
ries of  the  United  States  since  the  beginning  of  our  Government, 
and  we  believe  that  the  officials  appointed  to  administer  the  gov- 
ernment of  these  several  territories  should  be  qualified  by  previous 
bona  fide  residence. 

CANDIDATES. 

We  unreservedly  indorse  our  President  and  Vice-President, 
Woodrow  Wilson  of  New  Jersey,  and  Thomas  Riley  Marshall  of  In- 
diana, who  have  performed  the  functions  of  their  great  offices  faith- 
fully and  impartially,  and  with  distinguished  ability. 

In  particular  we  commend  to  the  American  people  the  splendid 
diplomatic  victories  of  our  great  President,  who  has  preserved  the 
vital  interest  of  our  Government  and  its  citizens  and  kept  us  out 
of  war. 

Woodrow  Wilson  stands  today  the  greatest  American  of  his  gen- 
eration. 

CONCLUSION. 

This  is  a  critical  hour  in  the  history  of  America,  a  critical  hour 
in  the  history  of  the  world.  Upon  the  record  above  set  forth,  which 
shows  great  constructive  achievement  in  following  out  a  consistent 
policy  for  our  domestic  and  internal  development;  upon  the  record 
of  the  Democratic  administration  which  has  maintained  the  honor, 
the  dignity  and  the  interests  of  the  United  States,  and  at  the  same 
time,  retained  the  respect  and  friendship  of  all  the  nations  of  the 
world;  and  upon  the  great  policies  for  the  future  strengthening  of 
the  life  of  our  country,  the  enlargement  of  our  national  vision  and 
the  ennobling  of  our  international  relations,  as  set  forth  above,  we 
appeal  with  confidence  to  the  voters  of  the  country. 


16 


242  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

NATIONAL  REPUBLICAN  PLATFORM. 

Adopted  by  the  1016  Chicago  Convention. 

In  1861  the  Republican  Party  stood  for  the  Union.  As  it  stood  for 
the  union  of  States,  it  now  stands  for  a  united  people,  true  to  Amer- 
ican ideals,  loyal  to  American  traditions,  knowing  no  allegiance  ex- 
cept to  the  Constitution,  to  the  Government  and  to  the  flag  of  the 
United  States.  We  believe  in  American  policies  at  home  and 
abroad. 

PROTECTION   OF   AMERICAN   RIGHTS. 

We  declare  that  we  believe  in  and  will  enforce  the  protection  of 
every  American  citizen  in  all  the  rights  secured  to  him  by  the 
Constitution,  treaties  and  the  law  of  nations,  at  home  and  abroad, 
by  land  and  by  sea.  These  rights,  which  in  violation  of  the  specific 
promise  of  their  party  made  at  Baltimore  in  1912  the  Democratic 
President  and  the  Democratic  Congress  have  failed  to  defend,  we 
will  unflinchingly  maintain. 

FOREIGN   RELATIONS. 

We  desire  peace,  the  peace  of  justice  and  right,  and  believe  in 
maintaining  a  straight  and  honest  neutrality  betwen  the  belliger- 
ents in  the  great  war  in  Europe.  We  must  perform  all  our  duties 
and  insist  upon  all  our  rights  as  neutrals  without  fear  and  without 
favor.  We  believe  that  peace  and  neutrality  as  well  as  the  dignity 
and  influence  of  the  United  States  cannot  be  preserved  by  shifty 
expedients,  by  phrase-making,  by  performances  in  language,  or  by 
attitudes  ever  changing  in  an  effort  to  secure  votes  of  voters.  The 
present  administration  has  destroyed  our  influence  abroad  and  hu- 
miliated us  in  our  own  eyes.  The  Republican  Party  believes  that  a 
firm,  consistent  and  courageous  foreign  policy,  always  maintained 
by  Republican  Presidents  in  accordance  with  American  traditions, 
is  the  best,  as  it  is  the  only  true  way  to  preserve  our  peace  and 
restore  us  to  our  rightful  place  among  the  nations.  We  believe  in 
the  .pacific  settlement  of  international  disputes  and  favor  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  world  court  for  that  purpose. 

MEXICO. 

We  deeply  sympathize  with  the  15,000,000  people  of  Mexico  who 
for  three  years  have  seen  their  country  devastated,  their  homes  de- 


National  Republican  Platform.  243 

stroyed,  their  fellow-citizens  murdered  and  their  women  outraged 
by  armed  bands  of  desperadoes  led  by  self-seeking,  conscienceless 
agitators,  who  when  temporarily  successful  in  any  locality  have 
neither  sought  nor  been  able  to  restore  order  or  establish  and  main- 
tain peace. 

We  express  our  horror  and  indignation  at  the  outrages  which 
have  been  and  are  being  perpetrated  by  these  bandits  upon  Ameri- 
can men  and  women  who  were  or  are  in  Mexico  by  invitation  of  the 
laws  and  of  the  government  of  that  country,  and  whose  rights  to 
security  of  persons  and  property  are  guaranteed  by  solemn  treaty 
obligations.  We  denounce  the  indefensible  methods  of  interference 
employed  by  this  administration  in  the  internal  affairs  of  Mexico 
and  refer  with  shame  to  its  failure  to  discharge  the  duty  of  this 
country  as  next  friend  to  Mexico,  its  duty  to  other  powers  who 
have  relied  upon  us  as  such  friend,  and  its  duty  to  our  citizens  in 
Mexico,  in  permitting  the  continuance  of  such  conditions,  first  by 
failure  to  act  promptly  and  firmly,  and  second,  by  lending  its  in- 
fluence to  the  continuation  of  such  conditions  through  recognition 
of  one  of  the  factions  responsible  for  these  outrages. 

We  pledge  our  aid  in  restoring  order  and  maintaining  peace  in 
Mexico.  We  promise  to  our  citizens  on  and  near  our  border  and  to 
those  in  Mexico,  wherever  they  may  be  found,  adequate  and  abso- 
lute protection  in  their  lives,  liberty  and  property. 

MONROE    DOCTRINE. 

We  reaffirm  our  approval  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  and  declare  its 
maintenance  to  be  a  policy  of  this  country  essential  to  its  present 
and  future  peace  and  safety  and  to  the  achievement  of  its  manifest 
destiny. 

LATIN-AMERICA. 

We  favor  the  continuance  of  Republican  policies,  which  will  re- 
sult in  drawing  more  and  more  clostly  the  commercial,  financial 
and  social  relations  between  this  country  and  the  countries  of 
Latin-America. 

PHILIPPINES. 

We  renew  our  allegiance  to  the  Philippine  policy  inaugurated  by 
McKinley,  approved  by  Congres  and  consistently  carried  out  by 
Roosevelt  and  Taft.     Even  in  this  short  time  it  had  enormously  im- 


244  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

proved  the  material  and  social  conditions  of  the  islands,  giving  the 
Philippine  people  a  constantly  increasing  participation  in  their 
government  and  if  persisted  in  it  will  bring  still  greater  benefits  in 
the   future. 

We  accepted  the  responsibility  of  the  islands  as  a  duty  to  civiliza- 
tion, and  the  Filipino  people.  To  leave  without  the  task  half  done, 
would  break  our  pledges,  injure  our  prestige  among  nations  and  im- 
peril what  has  already  been  acomplished. 

We  condemn  the  Democratic  administration  for  its  attempt  to 
abandon  the  Philippines,  which  was  prevented  only  by  the  vigorous 
opposition  of  Republican  members  of  Congress,  aided  by  a  few 
patriotic  Democrats. 

BROTHERHOOD    AMONG     NATIONS. 

We  reiterate  our  unqualified  approval  of  the  action  taken  in 
December.  1911,  by  the  President  and  Congres  to  secure  with  Rus- 
sia, as  with  other  countries,  a  treaty  that  will  recognize  the  abso- 
lute right'  of  expatriation  and  prevent  all  discrimination  of  what- 
ever kind  between  American  citizens,  whether  native  born  or  alien, 
and  regardless  of  race,  religion  or  previous  political  allegiance.  We 
renew  the  pledge  to  observe  this  principle  and  to  maintain  the 
right  of  asylum  which  is  neither  to  be  surrendered  nor  restricted, 
and  we  unite  in  the  cherished  hope  that  the  war  which  is  now 
desolating  the  world  may  speedily  end,  with  a  complete  and  lasting 
restoration  of  brotherhood  among  the  nations  of  the  earth  and  the 
assurance  of  full  equal  rights,  civil  and  religious,  to  all  men  in 
every  land. 

PROTECTION   OF   THE   COUNTRY. 

In  order  to  maintain  our  peace  and  make  certain  the  security  of 
our  people  within  our  own  borders,  the  country  must  have  not  only 
adequate,  but  thorough  and  complete  national  defense  ready  for  any 
emergency.  We  must  have  a  sufficient  and  efficient  regular  ar-ny, 
and  a  provision  for  ample  reserves,  already  drilled  and  disciplined, 
who  can  be  called  at  once  to  the  colors  when  the  hour  of  danger 
comes. 

We  must  have  a  navy  so  strong  and  so  well  proportioned  and 
equipped,  so  thoroughly  ready  and  prepared,  that  no  enemy  can 
gain  command  of  the  sea  and  effect  a  landing  in  force  on  either  our 
western  or  our  eastern  coast.     To  secure  these  results  we  must  have 


National  Republican  Platform.  245 

a  coherent  continuous  policy  of  national  defense,  which  even  in 
these  perilous  days  the  Democratic  party  has  utterly  failed  to  de- 
velop, but  which  we  promise  to  give  to  the  country. 

TARIFF. 

The  Republican  Party  stands  now,  as  always,  in  the  fullest  sense 
for  the  policy  of  tariffs  protection  to  American  industries  and 
American  labor,  and  does  not  regard  an  antidumping  provision  as 
an  adequate  substitute.  Such  protection  should  be  reasonable  in 
amount,  but  sufficient  to  protect  adequately  American  industry  and 
American  labor,  and  be  so  adjusted  as  to  prevent  undue  exactions 
by  monopolies  or  trusts.  It  should,  moreover,  give  special  atten- 
tion to  securing  the  industrial  independence  of  the  United  States, 
as  in  the  case  of  dyestuffs. 

Through  wise  tariffs  and  industrial  legislation  our  industries  can 
be  so  organized  that  they  will  become  not  only  a  commercial  bul- 
wark, but  a  powerful  aid  to  national  defense. 

The  Simmons-Underwood  Tariff  Act  is  a  complete  failure  in  every 
respect.  Under  its  administration  imports  have  enormously  in- 
creased in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  intercourse  with  foreign  coun- 
tries has  been  largely  cut  off  by  reason  of  the  war.  while  the  reve- 
nues of  which  we  stand  in  such  dire  need  have  been  greatly  re- 
duced. Under  the  normal  conditions  which  prevailed  prior  to  the 
war  it  was  clearly  demonstrated  that  this  act  deprived  the  Ameri- 
can producer  and  the  American  wage-earner  of  that  protection 
which  entitled  them  to  meet  their  foreign  competitors,  and  but  for 
the  adventitious  conditions  created  by  the  war,  would  long  since 
have  paralyzed  all  forms  of  American  industry  and  deprived  Ameri- 
can labor  of  its  just  reward. 

It  has  not  in  the  least  reduced  the  cost  of  living,  which  has  con- 
stantly advanced  from  the  date  of  its  enactment.  The  welfare  of 
our  people  demand  its  repeal  and  the  subtsitution  of  a  measure 
which  in  time  of  peace  as  well  as  in  war  wil  produce  ample  revenue 
and  give  reasonable  protection  to  all  forms  of  American  production 
in  mine,  forest,  field  and  factory. 

We  favor  the  creation  of  a  tariff  commission  with  complete  power 
to  gather  and  compile  information  for  the  use  of  Congress  in  all 
matters  relating  to  the  tariff. 


246  Plateorms  of  Political  Parties. 


business. 


The  Republican  Party  lias  long  believed  in  the  rigid  supervision 
and  strict  regulation  of  the  transportation  and  of  great  corpora- 
tions of  the  country.  It  has  put  its  creed  into  its  deeds  and  all  really 
effective  laws  regulating  the  railroads  and  the  great  industrial  cor- 
porations are  the  work  of  Republican  Congresses  and  Presidents. 
For  this  policy  of  regulation  and  supervison  the  Democrats,  in  a 
stumbling  and  piecemeal  way,  are  undertaking  to  involve  the  gov- 
ernment in  business  which  should  be  left  within  the  sphere  of  pri- 
vate enterprise  and  in  direct  competition  with  its  own  citizens,  a 
policy  which  is  sure  to  result  in  waste,  great  expense  to  the  tax- 
payer and  in  an  inferior  product. 

The  Republican  Party  firmly  believes  that  all  who  violate  the 
laws  in  regulation  of  business  should  be  individually  punished.  But 
prosecution  is  very  different  from  persecution,  and  business  success, 
no  matter  how  honestly  attained,  is  apparently  regarded  by  the 
Democratic  party  as  in  itself  a  crime.  Such  doctrines  and  beliefs 
choke  enterprise  and  stifle  prosperity.  The  Republican  Party  be- 
lieves in  encouraging  American  business,  as  it  believes  in  and  will 
seek  to  advance  all  American  interests. 

RURAL   CREDITS. 

We  favor  an  effective  system  of  rural  credits  as  opposed  to  the  in- 
effective law  proposed  by  the  present  Democratic  adminstration. 

RURAL  FREE  DELIVERY. 

We  favor  the  extension  of  the  rural  free  delivery  system  and  con- 
demn the  Democratic  administration  for  curtailing  and  crippling  it. 

• 

MERCHANT   MARINE. 

In  view  of  the  policies  adopted  by  all  the  maritime  nations  to  en- 
courage their  shipping  interests,  and  in  order  to  enable  us  to  com- 
pete with  them  for  the  ocean-carrying  trade,  we  favor  the  payment 
to  ships  engaged  in  the  foreign  trade  of  liberal  compensation  for 
services  actually  rendered  in  carrying  the  mails,  and  such  further 
legislation  as  will  build  up  an  adequate  merchant  marine  and  give 
us  ships  which  may  be  requisitioned  by  the  government  in  time  of 
national  emergency. 


National  Republican  Platform.  247 

"We  are  utterly  opposed  to  the  government  ownership  of  vessels 
as  proposed  by  the  Democratic  party,  because  government-owned 
vessels,  while  effectively  preventing  the  development  of  the  Ameri- 
can merchant  marine  by  private  capital,  will  be  entirely  unable  to 
provide  for  the  vast  volume  of  American  freights  and  will  leave  us 
more  helpless  than  ever  in  the  hard  grip  of  foreign  syndicates. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

Interstate  and  intrastate  transportation  have  become  so  inter- 
woven that  the  attempt  to  apply  two  and  often  several  sets  of  laws 
to  its  regulation  has  produced  conflicts  of  authority,  embarrassment 
in  operation  and  inconvenience  and  expense  to  the  public. 

The  entire  transportation  system  of  the  country  has  become 
essentially  national.  We  therefore  favor  such  action  by  legisla- 
tion or,  if  necesary,  through  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  as  will  result  in  placing  it  under  exclusive  fed- 
eral control. 

ECONOMY    AND    A    NATIONAL   BUDGET. 

The  increasing  cost  of  the  National  Government  and  the  need  for 
the  greatst  economy  of  its  resources  in  order  to  meet  the  growing 
demands  of  the  people  for  government  service  call  for  the  severest 
condemnation  of  the  wasteful  appropriatons  of  this  Democratic 
administration,  of  its  shameles  raids  on  the  treasury,  and  of  its 
opposition  to  and  rejection  of  President  Taft's  oft-repeated  proposals 
and  earnest  efforts  to  secure  economy  and  efficiency  through  the 
establishment  of  a  simple  business-like  budget  system  to  which  we 
pledge  our  support  and  which  we  hold  to  be  necessary  to  effect  a 
real  reform  in  the  administration  of  national  finances. 

CONSERVATION. 

We  believe  in  a  careful  husbandry  of  all  the  natural  resources  of 
the  nation — a  husbandry  which  means  development  without  waste; 
use  without  abuse. 

CIVIL    SERVICE    REFORM. 

The  civil  service  law  has  always  been  sustained  by  the  Republi- 
can Party  and  we  renew  our  repeated  declaration  that  it  shall  be 
thoroughly  and  honestly  enforced  and  extended  wherever  practi- 
cable.     The    Democratic    Party    has    created    since    March    4,    1913, 


248  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

30.000  offices  outside  of  the  civil  service  law  at  an  annual  cost  of 
$44,000,000  to  the  taxpayers  of  the  country. 

We  condemn  the  gross  abuse  and  the  misuse  of  the  law  by  the 
present  Democratic  administration  and  pledge  ourselves  to  a  reor- 
ganization along  lines  of  efficiency  and  economy. 

territorial  matters. 

Reaffirming  the  attitude  long  maintained  by  the  Republican 
Party,  we  hold  that  officials  appointed  to  administer  the  govern- 
ment of  any  territory  should  be  bona  fide  residents  of  the  territory 
in  which  their  duties  are  to  be  performed. 

LABOR    LAWS. 

We  pledge  the  Republican  Party  to  the  faithful  enforcement  of 
all  Federal  laws  passed  for  the  protection  of  labor.  We  favor  voca- 
tional education;  the  enactment  and  rigid  enforcement  of  a  Federal 
child  labor  law;  the  enactment  of  a  generous  and  comprehensive 
workmen's  compensation  law  within  the  commerce  power  of  Con- 
gress, and  an  accident  compensation  law  covering  all  government 
employees.  We  favor  the  collection  and  collation  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Department  of  Labor  of  complete  data  relating  to  indus- 
trial hazards  for  the  information  of  Congress,  to  the  end  that  such 
legislation  may  be  adopted  as  may  be  calculated  to  secure  the 
safety,  conservation  and  protection  of  labor  from  the  dangers  inci- 
dent to  industry  and  transportation. 

SUFFRAGE. 

The  Republican  Party,  reaffirming  its  faith  in  government  of  the 
people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  as  a  measure  of  justice  to  one- 
half  the  adult  people  of  this  country,  favors  the  extension  of  the 
suffrage  to  women,  but  recognizes  the  right  of  each  State  to  settle 
this  question  for  itself. 

APPEALS   TO   ALL   AMERICANS. 

Such  are  our  principles,  such  are  our  purposes  and  policies.  We 
close  as  we  began.  The  times  are  dangerous  and  the  future  is 
fraught  with  peril.  The  great  issues  of  the  day  have  been  confused 
by  words  and  phrases.  The  American  spirit,  which  made  the  coun- 
try and  saved  the  Union,  has  been  forgotten  by  those  charged  with 


National  Socialist  Platform.  249 

the  responsibility  of  power.  We  appeal  to  all  Americans,  whether 
naturalized  or  native  born,  to  prove  to  the  world  that  we  are  Ameri- 
cans in  thought  and  deed,  with  one  loyalty,  one  hope,  one  aspiration. 
We  call  on  all  Americans  to  be  true  to  the  spirit  of  America,  to  the 
great  traditions  of  their  common  country,  and,  above  all  things,  to 
keep  the  faith. 


NATIONAL  SOCIALIST  PLATFORM 

In  the  midst  of  the  greatest  crisis  and  bloodiest  struggle  of  all 
history  the  Socialist  Party  of  America  reaffirms  its  steadfast  adher- 
ence to  the  principles  of  international  brotherhood,  world  peace  and 
industrial  democracy. 

The  great  war  which  has  engulfed  so  much  of  civilization  and  de- 
stroyed millions  of  lives  is'  one  of  the  natural  results  of  the  capitalist 
system  of  production. 

The  Socialist  Party,  as  the  political  expression  of  the  economic  in- 
terests of  the  working  class,  calls  upon  them  to  take  a  determined 
stand  on  the  question  of  militarism  and  war,  and  to  recognize  the 
opportunity  which  the  Great  War  has  given  them  of  forcing  disarma- 
ment and  furthering  the  cause  of  industrial  freedom. 

An  armed  force  in  the  hands  of  the  ruling  class  serves  two  pur- 
poses; to  protect  and  further  the  policy  of  imperialism  abroad  and 
to  silence  the  protest  of  the  workers  against  industrial  despotism  at 
home.  Imperialism  and  militarism  plunged  Europe  into  this  world- 
war.  America's  geographical  and  industrial  situation  has  kept  her 
out  of  the  cataclysm.  But  Europe's  extremity  has  been  the  oppor- 
tunity of  America's  ruling  class  to  amass  enormous  profits.  As  a 
result,  there  is  a  surfeit  of  capital  which  demands  the  policy  of 
imperialism  to  protect  and  further  investments  abroad.  Hence  the 
frenzy  of  militarism  into  which  the  ruling  class  has  made  every  at- 
tempt to  force  the  United  States. 

The  workers  in  Europe  were  helpless  to  avert  the  war  because 
they  were  already  saddled  with  the  burden  of  militarism.  The  work- 
ers in  the  United  States  are  yet  free  from  this  burden  and  have  the 
opportunity  of  establishing  a  working  class  policy  and  program 
against  war.  They  can  compel  the  government  of  the  United  States 
to  lead  the  way  in  an  international  movement  for  disarmament -and 
to  abandon  the  policy  of  imperialism  which  is  forcing  the  conquest  of 


250  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

Mexico  and  must,  if  carried  out,  eventually  plunge  the  United  States 
into  a  world-war. 

The  working  class  must  recognize  the  cry  of  preparedness  against 
foreign  invasion  as  a  mere  cloak  for  the  sinister  purpose  of  imperial- 
ism abroad  and  industrial  tyranny  at  home.  The  class  struggle,  like 
capitalism,  is  international.  The  proletariat  of  the  world  has  but 
one  enemy,  the  capitalist  class,  whether  at  home  or  abroad.  We 
must  refuse  to  put  into  the  hands  of  this  enemy  an  armed  force  even 
under  the  guise  of  a  "democratic  army,"  as  the  workers  of  Australia 
and  Switzerland  have  done. 

Therefore  the  Socialist  Party  stands  opposed  to  military  prepared- 
ness, to  any  appropriations  of  men  or  money  for  war  or  militarism, 
while  control  of  such  forces  through  the  political  state  rests  in  the 
hands  of  the  capitalist  class.  The  Social  Party  stands  committed 
to  the  class  war,  and  urges  upon  the  workers  in  the  mines  and  for- 
ests, on  the  railways  and  ships,  in  factories  and  fields,  the  use  of 
their  economic  and  industrial  power,  by  refusing  to  mine  the  coal,  to 
transport  soldiers,  to  furnish  food  or  other  supplies  for  military  pur- 
poses, and  thus  keep  out  of  the  hands  of  the  ruling  class  the  control 
of  armed  forces  and  economic  power,  necessary  for  aggression  abroad 
and  industrial  despotism  at  home. 

The  working  class  must  recognize  militarism  as  the  greatest 
menace  to  all  efforts  toward  industrial  freedom,  and  regardless  of 
political  or  industrial  affiliations  must  present  a  united  front  in  the 
fight  against  preparedness  and  militarism. 

Hideous  as  they  are,  the  horrors  of  the  far-stretched  battlefield  of 
the  old  world  are  dwarfed  by  the  evil  results  of  the  capitalist  system, 
even  in  normal  times.  Instead  of  being  organized  to  provide  all 
members  of  society  with  an  abundance  of  food,  clothing  and  shelter, 
and  the  highest  attainable  freedom  and  culture,  industry  is  at  pres- 
est  organized  and  conducted  for  the  benefit  of  a  parasitic  class.  All 
the  powers  of  government,  and  all  our  industrial  genius,  are  directed 
to  the  end  of  securing  to  the  relatively  small  class  of  capitalist  in- 
vestors the  largest  amount  of  profits  which  can  be  wrung  from  the 
labor  of  the  ever-increasing  class  whose  only  property  is  muscle  and 
brain,  manual  and  mental  labor  power. 

The  dire  consequences  of  this  system  are  everywhere  apparent. 
The  workers  are  oppressed  and  deprived  of  much  that  makes  for 
physical,  mental,  and  moral  well-being.     Year  by  year  poverty  and 


National  Socialist  Platform.  251 

industrial  accidents  destroy  more  lives  than  al  the  armies  and  navies 
in  the  world. 

To  preserve  their  privilege  and  power  is  the  most  vital  interest  of 
the  possessing  class  while  it  is  the  most  vital  interest  of  the  work- 
ing class  to  resist  oppression,  improve  its  position,  and  struggle  to 
obtain  security  of  life  and  liberty.  Hence  there  exists  a  conflict  of 
interests,  a  social  war  within  the  nation,  which  can  know  neither 
truce  nor  compromise.  So  long  as  the  few  own  and  control  the 
economic  life  of  the  nation  the  many  must  be  enslaved,  poverty  must 
coexist  with  riotous  luxury,  and  civil  strife  prevail. 

The  Socialist  Party  would  end  these  conditions  by  reorganizing  the 
life  of  the  nation  upon  the  basis  of  Socialism.  Socialism  would  not 
abolish  private  property,  but  greatly  extend  it.  We  believe  that 
every  human  being  should  have  and  own  all  the  things  which  he  can 
use  to  advantage,  for  the  enrichment  of  his  own  life,  without  impos- 
ing disadvantage  or  burden  upon  any  other  human  being.  Socialism 
admits  the  private  ownership  and  individual  direction  of  all  things, 
tools,  economic  processes  and  functions  which  are  individualistic  in 
character,  and  requires  the  collective  ownership  and  democratic 
control  and  direction  of  those  which  are  social  or  collectivistic  in 
character. 

We  hold  that  this  country  cannot  enjoy  happiness  and  prosperity 
at  home  and  maintain  lasting  peace  with  other  nations,  so  long  as 
its  industrial  wealth  is  monopolized  by  a  capitalist  oligarchy.  In 
this,  as  in  every  other  campaign,  all  special  issues  arising  from  tem- 
porary situations,  whether  domestic  or  foreign,  must  be  subordinated 
to  the  major  issue — the  need  of  such  a  reorganization  of  our  eco- 
nomic life  as  will  remove  the  land,  the  mines,  forests,  railroads,  mills 
and  factories,  all  the  things  required  for  our  physical  existence,  from 
the  clutches  of  industrial  and  financial  freebooters  and  place  them 
securely  and  permanently  in  the  hands  of  the  people. 

If  men  were  free  to  labor  to  satisfy  their  desires  there  could  be 
in  this  country  neither  poverty  nor  involuntary  unemployment.  But 
the  men  in  this  country  are  not  free  to  labor  to  satisfy  their  desires. 
The  great  industrial  population  can  labor  only  when  the  capitalist 
c^ass,  who  own  the  industries,  believe  they  can  market  their  product 
at  a  profit.  The  needs  of  millions  are  subordinated  to  the  greeds  of 
a  few.  The  situation  is  not  unlike  that  of  a  pyramid  balanced  upon 
its  apex.  Oftentimes  this  pyramid  tumbles  and  industrial  depression 
comes.     There  was   such  a  crash   in    1907.      If  the   capitalist   own- 


252  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

ers  had  been  willing  to  get  out  of  the  way,  industry  could  have  been 
revived  in  a  day.  But  the  capitalist  owners  are  never  willing  to  get 
out  of  the  way.  Their  greeds  come  first — the  people's  needs,  if  at  all, 
afterward.  Therefore  business  did  not  quickly  revive  after  the  in- 
dustrial depression  of  1907.  Mr.  Taft  was  elected  to  bring  good 
times,  but  in  four  years  failed  to  bring  them.  Mr.  Wilson  was  elected 
to  bring  good  times,  but  not  all  of  the  measures  he  advocated  had 
the  slightest  effect  upon  industry.  The  European  war  has  brought  to 
this  country  tremendous  orders  for  military  supplies  and  has  created 
a  period  of  prosperity  for  the  few.  For  the  masses  of  the  people 
there  is  but  an  opportunity  to  work  hard  for  a  bare  living,  which  is 
not  prosperity,  but  slavery.  As  against  the  boast  of  the  presnt  na- 
tional administration  that  its  political  program,  now  fully  in  force, 
has  brought  prosperity  to  the  masses,  we  call  attention  to  the  state- 
ment of  the  Federal  Public  Health  Service  that  $800  a  year  is  re- 
quired to  enable  a  family  to  avoid  physical  deterioration  through 
lack  of  decent  living  conditions,  that  more  than  half  of  the  families 
of  working  men  receive  less  than  that  amount,  that  nearly  a  third 
receive  less  than  $500  a  year,  and  that  one  family  in  twelve  receives 
less  than  $300  a  year. 

The  capitalist  class,  for  a  great  many  years,  has  been  trying  to 
saddle  upon  this  country  a  greater  army  and  a  greater  navy.  A 
greater  army  is  desired  to  keep  the  working  class  of  the  United 
States  in  subjection.  A  greater  navy  is  desired  to  safeguard  the 
foreign  investments  of  American  capitalists  and  to  "back  up"  Ameri- 
can diplomacy  in  its  efforts  to  gain  foreign  markets  for  American 
capitalists.  The  war  in  Europe,  which  diminished  and  is  still  dimin- 
ishing the  remote  possibility  of  European  attack  upon  the  United 
States,  was  nevertheles  seized  upon  by  capitalists  and  by  unscrupu- 
lous politicians  as  a  means  of  spreading  fear  throughout  the  country, 
to  the  end  that,  by  false  pretenses,  great  military  establishments 
might  be  obtained.  We  denounce  such  "preparedness,"  as  both  false 
in  principle,  unnecessary  in  character  and  dangerous  in  its  plain 
tendencies  toward  militarism.  We  advocate  that  sort  of  social  pre- 
paredness which  expresses  itself  in  better  homes,  better  bodies  and 
better  minds,  which  are  alike  the  products  of  plenty  and  the  neces- 
sity of  effective  defense  in  war. 

The  Socialist  Party  maintains  its  attitude  of  unalterable  opposi- 
tion to  war. 


National  Socialist  Platform.  253 

We  reiterate  the  statement  that  the  competitive  nature  of  capital- 
ism is  the  cause  of  modern  war,  and,  that  the  cooperative  nature  of 
Socialism  is  alone  adapted  to  the  task  of  ending  war  by  removing  its 
cause.  We  assert,  however,  that,  even  under  the  present  capitalist 
order,  additional  measures  can  be  taken  to  safeguard  peace,  and  to 
this  end,  we  demand: 

MEASURES    TO    INSURE    PEACE. 

1.  That  all  laws  and  appropriations  for  the  increase  of  the  military 
and  naval  forces  of  the  United  States  shall  be  immediately  repealed. 

2.  That  the  power  be  taken  from  the  President  to  lead  the  nation 
into  a  position  which  leaves  no  escape  from  war.  No  one  man,  how- 
ever exalted  in  official  station,  should  have  the  power  to  decide  the 
question  of  peace  or  war  for  a  nation  of  a  hundred  millions.  To 
give  one  man  such  power  is  neither  democratic  nor  safe.  Yet  the 
President  exercises  such  power  when  he  determines  what  shall  be 
the  nation's  foreign  policies  and  what  shall  be  the  nature  and  tone 
of  its  diplomatic  intercourse  with  other  nations.  We,  therefore,  de- 
mand that  the  power  to  fix  foreign  policies  and  conduct  diplomatic 
negotiations  shall  be  lodged  in  Congress  and  shall  be  exercised  pub- 
licly, the  people  reserving  the  right  by  referendum  to  order  Congress 
at  any  time,  to  change  its  foreign  policy. 

3.  That  no  war  shall  be  declared  or  waged  by  the  United  States 
without  a  referendum  vote  of  the  entire  people,  except  for  the  pur- 
pose of  repelling  invasion. 

4.  That  the  Monroe  Doctrine  shall  be  immediately  abandoned  as  a 
danger  so  great  that  even  its  advocates  are  agreed  that  it  constitutes 
perhaps  our  greatest  single  danger  of  war.  The  Monroe  Doctrine 
was  originally  intended  to  safeguard  the  peace  of  the  United  States. 
Though  the  Doctrine  has  changed  from  a  safeguard  to  a  menace,  the 
capitalist  class  still  defends  it  for  the  reason  that  our  great  capital- 
ists desire  to  retain  South  and  Central  America  as  their  private 
trade  preserve.  We  favor  the  cultivation  of  social,  industrial  and 
political  friendship  with  all  other  nations  in  the  western  hemisphere, 
as  an  approach  to  world  confederation  of  nations,  but  we  oppose  the 
Monroe  Doctrine  because  it  takes  from  our  hands  the  peace  of 
America  and  places  it  in  the  custody  of  any  nation  that  would  attack 
the  sovereignty  of  any  state  in  the  western  world. 

5.  That  the  independence  of  the  Philippine  Islands  be  immediately 
recognized  as  a  measure  of  justice  both  to  the  Filipinos  and  to  our- 


254  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

selves.  The  Filipinos  are  entitled  to  self-government;  we  are  entitled 
to  be  freed  from  the  necessity  of  building  and  maintaining  enough 
dreadnoughts  to  defend  them  in  the  event  of  war. 

6.  The  government  of  the  United  States  shall  call  a  congress  of 
all  neutral  nationas  to  mediate  between  the  belligerent  powers  in  an 
effort  to  establish  an  immediate  and  lasting  peace  without  indemni- 
ties, or  forcible  annexation  of  teritory,  and  based  on  a  binding  and 
enforcible  international  treaty,  which  shall  provide  for  concerted  dis- 
armament on  land  and  at  sea  and  for  an  International  Congress 
with  power  to  adjust  all  disputes  between  nations,  and  which  shall 
guarantee  freedom  and  equal  rights  to  all  oppressed  nations  and 
races. 

WORKING   PROGRAM. 

As  general  measures  calculated  to  strengthen  the  working  class  in 
its  fight  for  the  realization  of  its  ultimate  aim,  the  Cooperative  Com- 
monwealth, and  to  increase  its  power  of  resistance  against  capitalist 
oppression,  we  advocate  and  pledge  ourselves  and  our  elected  officers 
to  the  following  program: 

Political  Demands. 

1.  Unrestricted  and  equal  suffrage  for  men  and  women. 

2.  The  immediate  adoption  of  the  so-called  "Susan  B.  Anthony 
amendment"  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  granting  the 
suffrage  to  women  on  equal  terms  with  men. 

3.  The  adoption  of  the  initiative,  referendum  and  recall  and  of  pro- 
portional representation,  nationally  as  well  as  locally. 

4.  The  abolition  of  the  Senate  and  of  the  veto  power  of  the  Presi- 
dent. 

5.  The  election  of  the  President  and  the  Vice-President  by  direct 
vote  of  the  people. 

6.  The  abolition  of  the  presnt  restriction  upon  the  amendment  of 
the  constitution  so  that  that  instrument  may  be  made  amenable  by  a 
majority  of  the  votes  in  the  country. 

7.  The  calling  of  a  convention  for  the  revision  of  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States. 

8.  The  abolition  of  the  power  usurped  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  to  pass  upon  the  constitutionality  of  legislation  enacted 
by  Congress.  National  laws  to  be  repealed  only  by  act  of  Congress 
or  by  a  referendum  vote  of  the  whole  people. 


National  Socialist  Platform.     .  255 

9.  The  immediate  curbing  of  the  power  of  the  courts  to  issue  in- 
junctions. 

10.  The  election  of  all  judges  of  the  United  States  Courts  for  short 
terms. 

11.  The  free  administration  of  the  law. 

12".  The  granting  of  the  right  of  suffrage  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia with  representation  in  Congress  and  a  democratic  form  of  munici- 
pal government  for  purely  local  affairs. 

13.  The  extension  of  democratic  government  to  all  United  States 
territory. 

14.  The  freedom  of  press,  speech  and  assemblage. 

15.  The  increase  of  the  rates  of  the  present  income  tax  and  corpo- 
ration tax  and  the  extension  of  inheritance  taxes,  graduated  in  pro- 
portion to  the  value  of  the  estate  and  to  nearness  of  kin — the  pro- 
ceeds of  these  taxes  to  be  employed  in  the  socialization  of  industry. 

16.  The  enactment  of  further  measures  for  general  education  and 
particularly  for  vocational  education  in  useful  pursuits.  The  Bureau 
of  Education  to  be  made  a  department. 

17.  The  enactment  of  further  measures  for  the  conservation  of 
health  and  the  creation  of  an  independent  department  of  health. 

18.  The  abolition  of  the  monopoly  ownership  of  patents  and  the 
substitution  of  collective  ownership,  with  direct  rewards  to  inventors 
by  premiums  or  royalties. 

Collective  Ownership. 

1.  The  collective  ownership  and  democratic  management  of  rail- 
roads, telegraphs  and  telephones,  express  service,  steamboat  lines 
and  all  other  social  means  of  transportation  and  communication  and 
of  all  large-scale  industries. 

2.  The  immediate  acquirement  by  the  municipalities,  the  states  or 
the  federal  government,  of  all  grain  elevators,  stock-yards,  storage 
warehouses  and  other  distributing  agencies,  in  order  to  relieve  the 
farmer  from  the  extortionate  charges  of  the  middlemen  and  to  reduce 
the  present  high  cost  of  living. 

3.  The  extension  of  the  public  domain  to  include  mines,  quarries, 
oil  wells,  forests  and  water  power. 

4.  The  further  conservation  and  development  of  natural  resources 
for  the  use  and  benefit  of  all  the  people: 

(a).  By  scientic  forestation  and  timber  protection. 
(&).  By  the  reclamation  of  arid  and  swamp  tracts. 


256  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

(c).  By  the  storage  of  flood  waters  and  the  utilization  of  water 

power. 
(d).  By  the  stoppage  of  the  present  extravagant  waste  of  the  soil 

and  the  products  of  mines  and  oil  wells. 
(e).  By  the  development  of  highway  and  waterway  systems. 

5.  The  collective  ownership  of  land  wherever  practicable,  and  in 
cases  where  such  ownership  is  impracticable,  the  appropriation  by 
taxation  of  the  annual  rental  value  of  all  land  held  for  speculation 
or  exploitation. 

6.  All  currency  shall  be  issued  by  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  and  shall  be  legal  tenders  for  the  payment  of  taxes  and  impost 
duties  and  for  the  discharge  of  public  and  private  'debts.  The  Gov- 
ernment shall  lend  money  on  bonds  to  counties  and  municipalities  at 
a  nominal  rate  of  interest  for  the  purpose  of  taking  over  or  establish- 
ing public  utilities  and  for  building  or  maintaining  public  roads  and 
highways,  and  public  schools — up  to  25  per  cent  of  the  assessed  valua- 
tion of  such  counties  or  municipalities.  Said  bonds  are  to  be  repaid 
in  twenty  equal  and  annual  installments,  and  the  currency  issued 
for  that  purpose  by  the  Government  is  to  be  cancelled  and  destroyed 
seriatim  as  the  debt  is  repaid.  All  banks  and  banking  institutions 
shall  be  owned  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  or  by  the 
States. 

7.  Government  relief  of  the  unemployed  by  the  extension  of  all 
useful  public  works.  All  persons  employed  on  such  work  to  be  en- 
gaged directly  by  the  Government  under  a  work  day  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  and  at  not  less  than  the  prevailing  union  wages.  The 
Government  also  to  establish  employment  bureaus;  to  lend  money  to 
States  and  municipalities  without  interest  for  the  purpose  of  car- 
rying on  public  works,  to  contribute  money  to  unemployment  funds 
of  labor  unions  and  other  organizations  of  workers,  and  to  take  such 
other  measures  within  its  power  as  will  lessen  the  widespread  misery 
of  the  workers  caused  by  the  misrule  of  the  capitalist  class. 

Industrial  Demands. 

The  conservation  of  human  resources,  particularly  of  the  lives  and 
well-being  of  the  workers  and  their  families: 

1.  By  shortening  the  work  day  in  keping  with  the  increased  pro- 
ductiveness of  machinery. 

2.  By  securing  the  freedom  of  political  and  economical  organiza- 
tions and  activities. 


National  Prohibition  Platform.  257 

3.  By  securing  to  every  worker  a  rest  period  of  not  less  than  a 
day  and  a  half  in  each  week. 

4.  By  securing  a  more  effective  inspection  of  workshops,  factories 
and  mines. 

5.  By  forbidding  the  employment  of  children  under  eighteen  years 
of  age. 

6.  By  forbidding  the  interstate  transportation  of  the  products  of 
child  labor  and  of  all  uninspected  factories  and  mines. 

7.  By  establishing  minimum  wage  scales. 

8.  By  abolishing  official  charity  and  substituting  a  non-contribu- 
tory system  of  old  age  pensions,  a  general  system  of  insurance  by 
the  State  of  all  its  mebers  against  unemployment  and  invalidism, 
and  a  system  of  compulsory  insurance  by  employers  of  their  workers, 
without  cost  to  the  latter,  against  industrial  diseases,  accidents  and 
death. 

9.  By  establishing  mothers'  pensions. 


NATIONAL  PROHIBITION  PLATFORM. 

Adopted  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  July  21,  1816. 

The  Prohibition  Party,  assembled  in  its  twelfth  national  conven- 
tion in  the  city  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  on  this  21st  day  of  July,  1916, 
thankful  to  Almighty  God  for  the  blessings  of  liberty,  grateful  for 
our  institutions  and  the  multiplying  signs  of  early  victory  for  the 
cause  for  which  the  party  stands,  in  order  that  the  people  may  know 
the  source  of  its  faith  and  the  basis  of  its  action  should  it  be  clothed 
with  governmental  power,  challenges  the  attention  of  the  Nation  and 
asks  the  vote  of  the  people  on  this  declaration  of  principles. 

PROHIBITION. 

We  denounce  the  traffic  in  intoxicating  liquors.  We  believe  in  its 
abolition.  It  should  be  made  a  crime,  not  a  business,  and  ought  not 
to  have  governmental  sanction. 

We  demand,  and  if  given  power  we  will  effectuate  the  demand,  that 
the  manufacture,  importation,  exportation,  transportation,  and  sale 
of  alholic  liquors  for  beverage  purposes  shall  be  prohibited. 

To  the  accomplishment  of  this  end.  we  pledge  the  exercise  of  all 
governmental  power,  the  enactment  of  statutes,  and  the  amendment 
17 


258  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

of  constitutions,  State  and  National.  Only  by  a  political  party  com- 
mitted to  this  purpose  can  such  a  policy  be  made  effective.  We  call 
upon  all  voters  believing  in  the  destruction  of  the  drink  traffic  to 
place  this  Prohibition  Party  in  power  on  this  issue  as  a  necessary 
step  in  the  solution  of  the  liquor  problem. 

SUFFRAGE. 

The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  should  not  be 
denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on  account 
of  sex.  We  declare  in  favor  of  the  enfranchisement  of  women  by 
amendment  to  State  and  Federal  Constitutions. 

We  condemn  the  Republican  and  Democratic  Parties  for  their  fail- 
ure to  submit  to  the  States  an  equal-suffrage  amendment  to  the 
National  Constitution. 

We  remind  the  4,000,000  women  voters  that  in  1872  we  declared 
for  their  political  rights — the  first  so  to  do — and  we  invite  their  co- 
operation in  electing  the  Prohibition  Party  to  power. 

PEACE  AND  PREPAREDNESS. 

We  are  committed  to  the  policy  of  peace  and  friendliness  to  all 
nations.  We  are  opposed  unalterably  to  the  wasteful  military  pro- 
gram of  the  Democratic  and  Republican  Parties.  Militarism  pro- 
tects no  worthy  institution.  It  endangers  them  all  and  violates  the 
high  principles  which  have  brought  us  as  a  Nation  to  the  present 
hour.  We  are  for  a  constructive  program  in  preparedness  for  peace. 
We  declare  for  and  will  promote  a  world  court,  to  which  national 
difference  shall  be  submitted,  so  maintained  as  to  give  its  decrees 
binding  force. 

We  will  support  a  compact  among  nations  to  dismantle  navies  and 
disband  armies;  but  until  such  world  court  and  compact  are  estab- 
lished we  pledge  ourselves  to  maintain  an  effective  Army  and  Navy 
and  to  provide  coast  defenses  entirely  adequate  for  national  pro- 
tection. 

We  are  opposed  to  universal  military  service  and  to  participation 
in  the  rivalry  which  has  brought  Europe  to  the  shambles  and  now 
imperils  the  civilization  of  the  race. 

Private  profit,  as  far  as  constitutionally  possible,  should  be  taken 
out  of  the  manufacture    of  war  munitions  and  all  war  equipment. 

In  normal  times  we  favor  the  employment  of  the  Army  in  vast 
reclamation  plans;    in  reforesting  hills  and  mountains;   in  building 


National  Prohibition   Platform.  259 

State  and  National  highways;  in  the  construction  of  an  inland 
waterway  from  Florida  to  Maine;  in  opening  Alaska;  and  in  un- 
numbered other  projects  which  will  make  our  soldiers  constructive 
builders  of  peace.  For  such  service  there  should  be  paid  an  ade- 
quate, industrial  wage. 

Those  units  of  our  Navy  which  are  capable  of  being  converted 
into  merchantmen  and  passenger  vessels  should  be  constructed  with 
that  purpose  in  view,  and  chiefly  so  utilized  in  times  of  peace. 

We  condemn  the  political  parties  which  for  more  than  30  years 
have  allowed  munition  and  war-equipment  manufacturers  to  plunder 
the  people  and  to  jeopardize  the  highest  interests  of  the  Nation  by 
furnishing  honey-combed  armor  plate  and  second-rate  battleships, 
which  the  Navy  League  now  declares  are  wholly  inadequate. 

We  will  not  allow  the  country  to  forget  that  the  first  step  toward 
physical,  economic,  moral,  and  political  preparedness  is  the  enact- 
ment of  national  prohibition. 

MEXICO    AND    THE    MONROE    DOCTRINE. 

Mexico  needs,  not  a  conqueror,  but  a  good  Samaritan.  We  are 
opposed  to  the  violation  of  the  severeignty  of  the  Mexican  people, 
and  we  will  countenance  no  war  of  aggression  against  them.  We 
pledge  the  help  of  this  country  in  the  suppression  of  lawless  bands 
of  marauders  and  murderers  who  have  taken  the  lives  of  American 
citizens  on  both  sides  of  the  border  as  well  of  Mexicans  in  their  own 
country. 

The  lives  and  property  of  our  citizens  when  about  their  lawful 
pursuits,  either  in  the  United  States  or  Mexico,  must  and  will  be 
protected.  In  the  event  of  a  breakdown  of  government  across  the 
border  we  would  use,  in  the  interests  of  civilization,  the  force  neces- 
sary for  the  establishment  of  law  and  order. 

In  this  connection  we  affirm  our  faith  in  the  Monroe  doctrine,  pro- 
claimed in  the  early  days  of  the  Nation's  life  and  unswervingly 
maintained  for  nearly  a  hundred  years. 

We  cannot  claim  the  benefits  of  the  doctrine  and  refuse  to  assume 
or  discharge  the  responsibilitiets  and  the  duties  which  inhere  therein 
and  flow  therefrom. 

These  duties  have  long  been  unmet  in  Mexico.  We  should  meet 
them  now,  acting  not  for  territory,  not  for  conquest  or  for  ourselves 
alone,  but  for  and  with  the  nations  of  North  and  South  America. 


260  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

The  Democratic  Party  has  blundered,  and  four  years  ago  the  Re- 
publican Party  evaded  and  passed  on  the  problem  it  now  seeks  the 
opportunity  to  solve. 

THE  PHILIPPINES. 

The  abandonment  of  the  Philippines  at  this  time  would  be  an 
injustice  to  them  and  a  violation  of  our  plain  duty.  As  soon  as  they 
are  prepared  for  self-government  by  education  and  training,  they 
should  be  granted  their  independence  on  terms  just  to  themselves 
and  to  us. 

TARIFF  AND  RECIPROCITY. 

The  countries  at  war  are  preparing  for  a  fierce  industrial  struggle 
to  follow  the  cessation  of  hostilities.  As  a  matter  of  commercial 
economy,  international  friendliness,  business  efficiency,  and  as  a  help 
to  peace,  we  demand  that  reciprocal  trade  treaties  be  negotiated  with 
all  nations  with  which  we  have  trade  relations. 

A  commission  of  specialists  free  from  the  control  of  any  party 
should  be  appointed  with  power  to  gather  full  information  on  all 
phases  of  the  questions  of  tariff  and  reciprocity,  and  to  recommend 
such  legislation  as  it  deems  necessary  for  the  welfare  of  American 
business  and  labor. 

MERCHANT   MARINE. 

The  necessity  of  legislation  to  enable  American  shipbuilders  or 
owners  to  meet  foreign  competition  on  the  most  favorable  terms  is 
obvious. 

Materials  for  construction  should  be  admitted  free  of  duty. 

The  purchase  of  ships  abroad  when  low  prices  invite  should  be 
allowed,   and   when   so  purchased   should  be  admitted  to  American 

registry. 

Harbor  rules  and  charges  and  navigation  laws  should  not  be  oner- 
ous, but  favorable  to  the  highest  degree. 

Liberal  payment  should  be  made  by  the  Government  for  carrying 
the  mails  and  for  transport  service. 

All  shipping  from  the  United  States  to  any  of  our  possessions 
should  be  reserved  to  ships  of  American  registry. 

The  people  should  not  overlook  the  fact  that  the  effect  of  nation- 
wide prohibition,  on  labor  and  industry  generally,  will  be  such  as  to 
lower  the  cost  of  shipbuilding  per  unit,  and  at  the  same  time  permit 
the  payment  of  higher  wages.     The  increased  volume  of  trade  and 


National  Prohibition  Platform.  261 

commerce  which  will  result  when  the  wastage  of  the  liquor  traffic  is 
stopped  will  quicken  our  shipping  on  every  sea  and  send  our  flag  on 
peaceful  missions  into  every  port.  This  is  urged  as  an  incidental 
effect  of  wise  action  on  the  liquor  question,  but  is  none  the  less  to  be 
desired,  and  will  aid  in  the  solution  of  the  problem  of  our  merchant 
marine. 

CIVIL   SERVICE. 

In  order  that  the  public  service  may  be  of  the  highest  standard, 
the  Government  should  be  a  model  employer  in  all  respects.  To 
enforce  the  civil  service  law,  in  spirit  as  well  as  in  letter,  all  pro- 
motions should  be  nonpolitical,  based  only  upon  proven  fitness;  all 
recommendations  for  demotions  or  removals  from  the  service  should 
be  subjected  to  the  review  of  a  nonpartisan  board  of  commission. 

The  merit  system  should  be  extended  to  cover  all  postmasters,  col- 
lectors of  revenue,  marshals,  and  other  such  public  officials  whose 
duties  are  purely  administrative. 

We  reaffirm  our  allegiance  to  the  principle  of  secure  tenure  of 
office  during  good  behavior  and  capable  effort,  as  the  means  of 
obtaining  expert  service.  We  declare  for  the  enactment  of  an  ade- 
quate retirement  law  for  disabled  and  superannuated  employees,  in 
return  for  faithful  service  rendered  in  order  to  maintain  a  high 
degree  of  efficiency  in  public  office. 

LABOR    AND    CAPITAL. 

Differences  between  capital  and  labor  should  be  settled  through 
arbitration,  by  which  the  rights  of  the  public  are  conserved,  as  well 
as  those  of  the  disputants.  We  declare  for  the  prohibition  of  child 
labor  in  factories,  mines,  and  workshops;  and  eight-hour  maximum 
day,  with  one  day  of  rest  in  seven;  more  rigid  sanitary  requirements 
and  such  working  conditions  as  shall  foster  the  physical  and  moral 
well-being  of  the  unborn;  the  protection  of  all  who  toil,  by  the  exten- 
sion of  employer's  liability  acts;  the  adoption  of  safety  appliances 
for  the  protection  of  labor  and  for  laws  that  will  promote  the  just 
division  of  the  wealth  which  labor  and  capital  jointly  produce. 
Provision  should  be  made  for  those  who  suffer  from  industrial  acci- 
dents and  occupational  diseases. 


262  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

social  justice. 

We  stand  for  justice  to  humanity  and  for  its  rights,  safety,  and 
development;  we  believe  in  the  equality  of  all  before  the  law;  in  old 
age  pensions  and  insurance  against  unemployment,  and  in  help  for 
needy  mothers,  all  of  which  could  be  provided  from  what  is  now 
wasted  for  drink. 

AGRICULTURE. 

While  it  is  admitted  tnat  grain  and  cotton  are  fundamental  factors 
in  our  national  life,  it  can  not  be  denied  that  proper  assistance  and 
protection  are  not  given  these  commodities  at  terminal  markets  in 
the  course  of  interstate  commerce. 

We  favor  and  pledge  our  efforts  to  obtain  public  grain  elevators 
at  necessary  terminal  markets,  such  elevators  to  be  owned  and  oper- 
ated by  the  Federal  Government;  also  to  secure  Federal  grain  inspec- 
tion under  a  system  of  civil  service,  and  to  abolish  any  board  of 
trade,  chamber  of  commerce,  or  other  place  of  gambling  in  grain  or 
trading  in  "options"  or  "futures"  or  "short  selling"  or  any  other 
form  of  so-called  speculation,  wherein  products  are  not  received  or 
delivered,  but  wherein  so-called  contracts  are  settled  by  the  payment 
of  "margins"  or  "differences"  through  clearing  houses  or  otherwise. 

This  party  stands  committed  to  free  and  open  markets,  based  upon 
legitimate  supply  and  demand,  absolutely  free  from  questionable 
practices  of  market  manipulation.  We  favor  Government  ware- 
houses for  cotton  at  proper  terminals  where  the  interests  of  pro- 
ducers so  require;  and  the  absolute  divorce  of  all  railroad  elevators 
or  warehouses  owned  by  railroad  companies  whether  for  public  or 
private  use,  from  operation  or  control  by  private  individuals  in  com- 
petition with  the  public  in  mechandising  grain,  cotton,  and  other 
farm  products. 

We  furthermore  indorse  all  proper  cooperative  methods  which  tend 
toward  broader  and  better  markets  for  producer  and  consumer. 

PUBLIC   OWNERSHIP. 

Public  utilities  and  other  resources  which  are  natural  monopolies 
now  are  exploited  for  personal  gain  under  a  monopolistic  system. 
We  demand  the  ownership  or  control  of  such  utilities  by  the  people 
and  the  operation  and  administration  in  the  interest  of  all. 


National  Prohibition  Platform.  263 

free  institutions. 

We  stand  for  the  preservation  and  development  of  our  free  institu- 
tions and  for  absolute  separation  of  church  and  state,  with  the 
guaranty  of  full  religious  and  civil  liberty. 

DEPARTMENTAL  DECISIONS. 

Departmental  decisions  ought  not  to  be  final,  but  the  rights  of  the 
people  should  be  protected  by  provisions  for  court  review. 

CONSERVATION. 

We  reaffirm  our  declaration  in  favor  of  conservation  of  forests, 
waterpower,  and  other  natural  resources. 

EFFICIENCY. 

We  pledge  a  businesslike  administration  of  the  Nation's  affairs, 
the  abolition  of  useless  offices,  bureaus,  and  commissions;  economy  in 
the  expenditure  of  public  funds,  efficiency  in  governmental  service, 
and  the  adoption  of  the  budget  system. 

The  President  should  have  power  to  veto  any  single  item  or  items 
of  an  appropriation  bill. 

We  condemn,  and  agree  when  in  power  to  remedy,  that  which  is 
known  as  "pork-barrel"  legislation,  by  which  millions  of  dollars 
have  been  appropriated  for  rivers  where  there  is  no  commerce,  har- 
bors where  there  are  no  ships,  and  public  buildings  where  there  is 
no  need. 

MARRIAGE  AND  DIVORCE. 

We  favor  uniform  marriage  and  divorce  laws,  the  extermination  of 
polygamy,  and  the  complete  suppression  of  the  traffic  in  girls  and 
women. 

SINGLE    PRESIDENTIAL    TERM. 

We  are  in  favor  of  a  single  presidential  term  of  six  years. 

RULE   OF   THE  PEOPLE. 

We  favor  the  initiative,  referendum,  and  recall. 

AMERICANISM. 

We  stand  for  Americanism.  We  believe  this  country  was  created 
for  a  great  mission  among  the  nations  of  the  earth.    We  rejoice  in 


264  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

the  fact  that  it  has  offered  asylum  to  the  oppressed  of  other  lands 
and  to  those  more  fortunately  situated  who  yet  wished  to  improve 
their  condition.  It  is  the  land  of  all  peoples  and  belongs  not  to  any 
one;  it  is  the  heritage  of  all.  It  should  come  first  in  the  affections 
of  every  citizen,  and  he  who  loves  another  land  more  than  this  is 
not  fit  for  citizenship  here;  but  he  is  a  better  citizen  who,  loving  this 
country,  has  reverence  for  the  land  of  his  fathers  and  gains  from 
its  history  and  traditions  that  which  inspires  him  to  nobler  service 
to  the  one  in  which  he  lives-. 

The  Federal  government  should  interest  itself  in  helping  the  new- 
comer into  that  vocation  and  locality  where  he  shall  most  quickly 
become  an  American.  Those  fitted  by  experience  and  training  for 
agricultural  pursuits  should  be  encouraged  to  develop  the  millions  of 
acres  of  rich  and  idle  land. 

CONCLUSION. 

This  is  the  day  of  opportunity  for  the  American  people.  The 
triumph  of  neither  old  political  party  is  essential  to  our  safety  or 
progress.  The  defeat  of  either  will  be  no  public  misfortune.  They 
are  one  party.  By  age  and  wealth,  by  membership  and  traditions, 
by  platforms  and  the  character  of  their  candidates,  they  are  the  con- 
servative party  of  the  United  States. 

The  Prohibition  Party,  as  the  promoter  of  every  important  meas- 
ure of  social  justice  presented  to  the  American  people  in  the  last  two 
generations  and  as  the  originator  of  nearly  all  such  legislation,  re- 
mains now  the  only  great  progressive  party. 

The  patriotic  voters  who  compose  the  Republican  and  Democratic 
parties  can  by  voting  the  Prohibition  ticket  this  year  elect  the  issue 
of  national  prohibition. 

To  those  of  whatever  political  faith  who  have  the  vision  of  a  land 
redeemed  from  drink,  we  extend  a  cordial  invitation  to  join  with  us 
in  carrying  the  banner  of  prohibition  to  Nation-wide  victory. 


State  Democratic  Platform.  265 

STATE  DEMOCRATIC  PLATFORM. 

Adopted  April  .27.  1916. 

The  Democratic  Party  welcomes  the  opportunity  to  present  to  our 
people,  after  three  years  of  power  in  the  Nation  and  sixteen  in  the 
State,  its  record  of  service  and  achievement,  and  it  confidently  ap- 
peals thereon  to  them  for  endorsement  and  approval. 

REPUBLIC    IN    HANDS    OB"    PUBLIC    SERVANTS. 

We  find  it  our  first  duty  and  highest  privilege  to  endorse  the  ad- 
ministration of  Woodrow  Wilson.  Under  his  leadership  as  President 
more  important  constructive  legislation  of  benefit  to  the  great  body 
of  our  people  has  been  enacted  than  in  any  decade  of  our  history. 
Under  him  and  the  Democratic  Congress  it  has  been  demonstrated 
that  our  Republic  is  at  last  in  the  hands  of  public  servants  who  ex- 
ercise their  powers  in  the  interest  of  the  whole  people  as  opposed  to 
the  interest  of  any  class  whatsoever.  He  has  maintained  the  highest 
traditions  of  his  great  office  and  the  noblest  ideals  of  the  party  under 
whose  banner  he  serves.  And  not  only  so;  this  Republic  and  the 
human  race  have  found  him  in  the  supreme  crisis  of  world  affairs 
a  leader  equal  to  every  emergency  and  worthy  of  universal  confi- 
dence. With  a  wisdom,  patience,  and  courage  that  have  added  lustre 
to  his  office,  he  has  managed  the  many  complicated  international  sit- 
uations that  have  arisen  in  such  a  way  as  to  command  universal  ad- 
miration. And  as  he  labors  today  to  preserve  to  humanity  the  fruits 
of  centuries  of  civilization  as  embodied  in  international  law  and  at 
the  same  time  to  uphold  every  right  dear  to  the  hearts  of  Americans, 
we  commend  him  to  all  men  and  send  to  him  the  assurance  of  our 
unfaltering  support. 

Now  that  our  Republic  stands  alone  as  the  one  remaining  great 
nation  of  the  earth  at  peace,  while  the  conditions  abroad  are  so 
fraught  with  source  of  alarm  and  unrest,  we  feel  assured  that  the 
President  who  has  amidst  the  confusion  of  the  times  held  the  Repub- 
lic in  so  safe  and  wise  a  course  can  be  trusted  more  confidently  than 
any  other  to  guide  our  country  in  its  foreign  relations  and  to  direct 
our  people  in  all  the  steps  necesary  to  prepare  her  against  attack 
from  any  source.  We,  therefore,  commend  to  our  representatives  in 
Congress  and  to  our  people  his  program  of  preparedness. 

We  have  enacted  a  revision  of  the  tariff  in  the  Underwood-Sim- 


266  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

mons  Act  in  the  interest  of  the  whole  people  and  tariff  duties  are  no 
longer  levied  for  the  benefit  of  a  favored  few.  At  the  same  time  we 
have  given  to  the  nation  a  system  of  revenue  entirely  adequate  to  its 
necessities.  We  have  supplemented  this  tariff  with  an  income  tax, 
the  effect  of  which  is  to  remove  from  the  rank  and  file  of  our  people 
the  heavier  burden  of  taxation  and  to  place  that  burden  upon  those 
who  are  more  able  to  bear  it  and  who,  in  common  justice,  ought  to 
bear  it. 

CURRENCY    SYSTEM   PREVENTER   OF   PANICS. 

In  the  Federal  Reserve  Banking  Act  our  party  has  given  to  the 
country  a  currency  system  that  commands  universal  commendation. 
It  has  made  money  monopolies  impossible  and  provided  an  ela.sticitv 
of  the  currency  that  assures  to  the  farmers  and  other  producers  a 
supply  of  money  that  automatically  prevents  the  depression  of  prices 
and  facilitates  the  marketing  of  crops.  It  has  removed  the  control 
of  the  money  of  the  country  from  the  financial  centres  of  Wall 
Street,  in  New  York,  to  the  Treasry  of  the  United  States  at  Wash- 
ington, and  has  thereby  made  financial  stringencies  and  panics  a 
thing  of  the  past.  Under  the  supreme  test  of  a  world-war  this  act 
has  served  not  only  to  save  our  people  from  disaster  but  to  vouch- 
safe to  them  an  unparalleled  prosperity. 

In  the  Clayton  antitrust  law  we  have  successfully  grappled  with 
the  great  problem  of  trusts  and  monopolies  without  injury  to  any 
lawful  industry. 

In  a  word,  throughout  this  land  under  the  Democratic  Party  the 
powtrs  of  government  have  been  exercised  now  for  three  years  in 
the  interest  of  the  whole  people  resulting  in  a  degree  and  extent  of 
justice,  prosperity,  and  order  the  like  of  which  no  people  has  ever 
known. 

With  so  much  already  done  the  administration  is  just  now  pro- 
ceeding to  crown  its  record  of  constructive  service  with  a  Rural 
Credits  Act,  under  which  it  is  proposed  to  provide  at  the  lowest 
expense  an  abundant  credit  for  the  farmers  of  the  Nation,  and  this 
convention  gives  hearty  endorsement  to  this  act. 

We  endorse  the  record  of  our  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress; and  we  view  with  pride  the  positions  of  responsibility,  honor, 
and  service  our  sons  are  so  worthily  occupying  in  Congress  and 
Cabinet.  To  few  States  has  fallen  the  honor  of  having  at  once  the 
floor  leaders  in  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Congress.    And  it  should 


State  Democratic  Platform.  267 

be  a  matter  of  pride  to  every  North  Carolinian  that  in  the  great  pro- 
gram of  progress  achieved  by  the  Democratic  Party  our  State  has 
had  so  large  a  part. 

STATE   ACHIEVEMENTS    PLEDGE   OF   FUTURE. 

In  State  affairs  the  achievements  of  the  past  furnish  the  surest 
pledge  of  the  future.  We  endorse  the  administration  of  Governor 
Locke  Craig  and  other  State  officers  for  its  fidelity  to  the  highest 
ideals  of  public  service  and  notable  achievement  in  the  public  inter- 
est. We  point  to  sixteen  years  of  Democratic  State  administration — 
subjected  regularly  to  the  closest  scrutiny,  investigation,  and  audit 
without  an  instance  of  scandal  or  unfaithful  public  service — as  a 
record  meriting  the  unlimited  approval  and  good  will  of  the  whole 
people  of  the  State.  They  have  covered  sixteen  years  in  which  con- 
stant progress  and  development  of  public  education,  of  temperance, 
of  public  health  laws  and  administration,  and  in  every  branch  of  pub- 
lic service  have  kept  the  pace  with  agricultural,  commercial,  and  in- 
dustrial progress.  Construction  of  improved  public  highways  has  in 
every  legitimate  way  been  encouraged,  institutions  for  technical  and 
literary  education  for  both  sexes  have  been  enlarged  and  strength- 
ened, the  public  health  service  has  been  developed  to  a  high  state  of 
efficiency,  and  public  institutions  for  the  care  of  the  diseased  and  un- 
fortunate have  been  increased  in  number  and  enlarged  in  capacity 
and  equipmtnt. 

Corporations  that  serve  the  public  have  been  wisely  and  justly 
regulated  in  the  public  interest,  and  there  is  now  saved  annually  to 
the  people  of  the  State  in  their  freight  bills  alone  in  specific  reduc- 
tion of  interstate  and  intrastate  freight  rates  in  the  last  two  years 
not  less  than  one  and  a  half  million  dollars  per  year — an  amount  in 
excess  of  the  entire  administration  of  State  government. 

LOWEST  PER  CAPITA  TAX  IN  WHOLE  UNION. 

It  is  not  accidental  that  after  sixteen  years  of  the  most  notable 
progress  in  the  entire  history  of  the  State  in  all  these  lines  of  public 
effort  the  reports  of  the  United  States  Census  Department  show  that 
our  State  government  is  maintained  upon  a  payment  of  taxes  by  the 
people  of  this  State  less  per  capita  than  that  of  any  other  State  in 
the  Union.  This  result  has  been  achieved  by  the  Democratic  Party 
being  true  to  its  pledges  of  the  utmost  economy  in  the  administra- 


268  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

tion  of  public  affairs.  Public  office  in  this  State  is  still  a  public 
trust  and  must  be  administered  with  the  utmost  fidelity  to  the  pub- 
lic interest. 

We  find  cause  for  congratulation  that  we  have  passed  the  period 
of  apprehension  that  the  State  revenues  may  not  be  sufficient  to  meet 
the  necessary  increased  public  needs  of  a  growing  State  Treasury, 
under  a  decreased  rate  of  tax  levy  for  solely  State  purposes,  and  we 
have  a  balance  in  the  Treasury;  that  the  demand  for  an  equalized 
basis  of  taxation  has  been  conservatively  met,  and  that,  with  a  mod- 
ern inheritance  tax  statute  large  fortunes,  in  their  transmission,  are 
already  contributing  substantially  to  the  State's  revenue  and  will  in 
a  large  measure  take  care  of  the  increased  needs  of  the  State  for 
future  progress.  We  pledge  the  party  to  a  continuation  of  the 
policy  of  strict  economy  and  to  turning  back  into  channels  of  direct 
benefit  to  the  people  of  the  State  every  dollar  of  public  revenue 
raised  by  the  State  that  is  not  essential  for  State  administration,  for 
the  benefit  of  public  education,  for  State  assistance  in  public  road 
construction,  for  safeguarding  the  public  health,  and  in  liberal  pen- 
sions for  the  remaining  Confederate  soldiers  and  widows,  and  other 
appropriate  channels  of  serving  and  conserving  the  public  interest. 
We  declare  and  reiterate  our  firm  belief  in  the  great  Democratic 
principle  of  strict  publicity  in  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all 
public  funds  by  all  State  and  county  officials  and  State  institutions, 
so  that  every  citizen  of  North  Carolina  can  easily  and  intelligently 
acquaint  himself  with  all  reasonable  information  pertaining  to  such 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  public  funds. 

We  challenge  a  comparison  of  this  clean,  progressive,  Democratic 
record  with  the  Republican  record  which  preceded  it — a  record  too 
well  seared  into  the  minds  of  the  people  of  this  State  to  need  review 
— or  with  any  previous  or  future  service  that  can  reasonably  come 
from  the  present  leadership  of  the  Republican  Party,  and  declare: 

EDUCATED    CITIZENSHIP   GOAL. 

1.  The  development  of  public  education  has  been  the  chief  pride 
of  the  Demorcratic  Party,  and  nothing  less  than  an  educated  citizen- 
ship must  be  the  goal  of  our  continued  and  untiring  efforts.  Our 
public  school  term  has  been  increased  to  a  point  much  beyond  the 
constitutional  requirements,  and  we  are  building  schoolhouses  at 
the  rate  of  one  for  every  day  that  passes. 


State  Democratic  Platform.  269 

conserve  public  health. 

2.  The  conservation  of  public  health  is  now  recognized  as  a  prob- 
lem demanding  consideration  of  all  enlightened  governments.  We 
rejoice  in  the  splendid  progres  made  by  our  State  in  combating  dis- 
ease among  our  people,  in  reducing  our  death  rate,  in  increasing  the 
sum  total  of  health,  happiness,  and  efficiency  of  our  citizens,  and 
in  establishing  a  justifiable  record  of  healthfulness  as  compared  with 
other  States  of  the  Union.  We  advocate  a  continuance  and  strength- 
ening of  the  humane  policy  now  in  force  in  this  State  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  public  health  and  the  eradication  of  preventable  dis- 
eases. 

STAND    FOR    GOOD    ROADS. 

3.  The  construction  and  maintenance  of  improved  public  roads  is 
one  of  the  greatest  problems  in  the  development  of  our  State,  and 
particularly  in  the  development  of  rural  communities.  Four  years 
ago  there  were  only  5,000  miles  of  modern  roads  in  the  State.  To- 
day we  have  15,000  miles  of  such  roads,  and  every  day  sees  the 
mileage  extended.  We  pledge  our  party  to  a  policy  of  sympathetic 
aid  and  encouragement  to  road  building  in  this  State. 

PLEDGE   TO    RURAL    STATE. 

4.  We  must  ever  be  mindful  of  the  fact  that  the  State  derives  its 
strength  from  its  toiling  citizens  and  its  rural  communities,  and  we 
pledge  the  party  to  a  continuance  of  the  policy  of  encouraging  the 
best  development  of  the  rural  community.  Under  Democratic  rule 
the  conditions  of  country  life  in  respect  to  schools  and  roads  have 
been  vastly  improved,  and  by  means  of  the  State  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, the  A.  and  E.  College,  and  Farm-Life  Schools,  intelligent 
and  helpful  direction  has  been  given  to  our  farmers,  the  result  of 
which  is  manifest  in  the  tremendous  increase  in  the  variety  and 
value  of  the  farm  products.  It  is  a  matter  of  fact  that  the  value  of 
our  farm  products  doubled  from  1900  to  1910  and  it  has  again 
doubled  in  the  last  six  years.  We  favor  legislation  providing  for  the 
incorporation,  supervision,  and  control  of  warehouses  for  the  storing 
of  farm  products,  in  order  to  facilitate  the  proper  maketing  of 
such  products. 

MUST  FOSTER   ENTERPRISE. 

5.  Every  enterprise  looking  to  the  investment  of  capital  and  em- 
ployment of  labor  should  be  fostered  and  encouraged  by  the  State. 


270  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

We  pledge,  not  only  to  citizens  of  this  State,  but  to  citizens  of  other 
States  that  all  capital  invested  in  legitimate  enterprises  in  Norh 
Carolina,  whether  foreign  or  domestic,  shall  have  the  equal  and 
friendly  protection  of  our  laws  in  their  observance,  and  will  be  held 
equally  amenable  to  our  laws  in  their  violation. 

SUFFRAGE  AMENDMENT  JUST. 

6.  We  reaffirm  our  confidence  in  the  wisdom  and  justice  of  the 
suffrage  amendment  to  our  State  Constitution.  Under  its  influence 
we  have  had  freedom  from  race  issues,  and  both  races  have  enjoyed 
contentment  and  prosperity.  The  hazard  to  its  valid  continuance 
makes  it  imperative  for  the  public  good  that  Democratic  supremacy 
in  the  State  be  maintained. 

We  submit  that  the  record  shows  that  the  Democratic  Party  can 
be  trusted  to  conserve  all  that  makes  for  the  welfare  of  our  people. 
So  long  as  the  Democratic  Party  is  in  power  the  forces  that  have 
made  for  the  great  progress  of  the  last  sixteen  years  will  be  main- 
tained. So  long  as  it  is  in  power  the  people  have  assurance  that 
the  State  is  safe  from  the  designs  of  those  who  would  inflict  upon 
it  the  payment  of  the  fraudulent  bonds  issued  in  its  name  under  a 
Republican  regime;  and  they  cannot  have  that  assurance  otherwise. 
So  long  as  the  Democratic  Party  is  in  power  the  people  have  assur- 
ance that  this  State  shall  be  conducted  by  white  men;  and  they  can- 
not have  that  assurance  otherwise.  So  long  as  the  Democratic  party 
is  in  power  the  assurance  of  half  a  century  of  faithful  service  that 
all  that  makes  for  peace,  the  progress,  the  order  and  the  prosperity 
of  this  Commonwealth  shall  be  sacredly  conserved;  and  they  cannot 
have  that  assurance  otherwise. 


STATE  REPUBLICAN  PLATFORM. 

March  1,  1916. 

The  North  Carolina  Republican  State  Convention,  duly  assem- 
bled in  Raleigh  on  March  1st,  1916,  congratulates  its  voters  that  all 
internal  dissentions  are  so  happily  ended  and  that  the  calamity  of 
a  National  Democratic  administration,  coupled  with  an  extravagant 
and  inefficient  Democratic  State  administration,  has  brought  about 
a  reunion,  based  upon  mutual  respect  and  understanding,  which  re- 
union is  being  strengthened  daily  by  the  addition  of  voters  who  are 


State  Republican  Platform.  271 

casting  aside  prejudice  and  are  joining  in  the  advancement  of  the 
common  good. 

We  are  determined  to  bring  back  our  Nation  to  Protection  for 
American  industry  and  labor  and  to  the  prosperity  which  follows  our 
time-honored  protective  policies;  we  are  determined  to  rid  our  State 
of  useless  officeholders  and  official  extravagance  and  scandals  to  the 
end  that  the  reckless  spending  of  the  people's  money  shall  not  be 
permitted  to  increase  taxes  to  the  point  of  confiscation. 

We  demand  in  State  affairs: 

1.  Fair  elections. 

2.  Equitable  taxation  upon  a  basis  of  economy. 

3.  Auditing  of  all  our  financial  affairs. 

4.  Improved  school  system  and  agricultural  education. 

5.  Convict  employment  in  public  works. 

6.  General  progressive  and  labor  legislation. 

We  demand  in  National  affairs: 

(a)  Return  to  Protection. 

(b)  Preparedness  for  peace. 

(c)  Honest  Civil  Service. 

(d)  Rural  Credit  System. 

(e)  Restriction  of  immigration. 

(f)  Upholding  rights  of  Americans. 

These  demands  in  our  State  may  be  enlarged  upon  as  follows: 

1.  Fair  Elections:  The  safety  of  our  State  and  Nation  depends 
upon  the  free  and  untrammeled  expression  of  the  will  of  the  people 
at  the  ballot  box;  we  demand  an  Australian  voting  system  that  each 
citizen  may  vote  his  choice  and  sentiments,  free  from  exposure,  mo- 
lestation or  dangerous  influence;  frauds  at  the  ballot  box  must  cease. 

2.  Equitable  Taxation  Ui)on  a  Basis  of  Economy:  We  demand  tax- 
ation reform  in  which  every  citizen,  individually  or  collectively,  and 
all  property  shall  bear  their  just  share  of  the  burden  of  govern- 
mental support,  and  no  more;  such  a  system  as  will  not  place  a 
premium  upon  dishonest  avoidance  of  taxes  nor  leave  taxpayers  at 
the  mercy  of  unscrupulous  and  scheming  officials,  who  try  to  make 
party  gains  by  discrimination  against  those  who  will  not  make  polit- 
ical contributions,  and  by  favors  to  those  who  do. 

In  addition  to  equitable  taxation  we  demand  the  strictest  business 
economy  compatible  with  efficiency,  and  to  the  end  that  no  bond 


272  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

issue  shall  be  made  or  debt  incurred  beyond  the  constitutional  lim- 
itation, except  it  be  ordered  or  approved  by  a  majority  of  at  least 
three-fifths  of  the  qualified  voters  who  shall  also  name  those  who 
shall  control  the  expenditure  of  moneys.,  and  we  hereby  pledge  our- 
selves to  a  reduction  of  the  burdensome  taxes  now  imposed  upon  our 
people. 

We  demand  for  our  educational  and  other  institutions  liberality  to 
their  utmost  needs;  we  denounce  the  treatment  by  the  Democratic 
party  of  our  old  soldiers,  who  are  the  most  sacred  heritage  of  our 
generation,  and  we  demand  for  these  patriots  that  care  and  comfort 
which  is  theirs  by  right  and  ours  by  duty. 

3.  Auditing  of  All  Our  Financial  Affairs:  Our  financial  affairs 
are  in  a  most  desperate  condition,  as  evidenced  by  reports  of  commit- 
tees officially  appointed,  and  we  demand  an  expert  accounting  of 
same  from  the  accounts  of  the  State  Treasurer,  through  all  our 
public  institutions  of  education  and  charity,  down  to  the  smallest 
boards  or  individuals  who  use  the  public  funds. 

This  is  demanded  that  the  people  may  know  the  whole  truth  of 
their  financial  condition,  about  which  they  have  been  kept  in  igno- 
rance so  long;  such  expert  auditing  of  our  affairs  would  have  pre- 
vented the  scandals  which  have  become  so  common  in  our  depart- 
ments and  institutions. 

4.  Improved  School  System  and  Agricultural  Education:  We 
demand  the  selection  of  our  superintendents  of  public  instruction 
and  of  our  school  boards  by  the  people  in  every  county  and  thus 
place  education  in  the  hands  of  parents  instead  of  at  the.  mercy  of 
political  demagogues;  certainly  more  than  fifty  years  of  Democratic 
education  and  good  government  should  have  fitted  our  people  to  De 
able  to  control  the  education  of  their  own  children;  we  demand  a 
school  system  based  upon  the  evident  intents  of  our  Constitution 
which  provides  for  "a  general  and  uniform  system"  which  would 
give  equal  school  advantages  to  all,  wherever  located;  such  a  Con- 
stitutional system  should  be  provided  that  will  give  a  six  months' 
school  term  in  every  district  which  can  be  done  with  a  great  saving 
of  taxes  now  wasted  under  the  present  scheme  of  politically  governed 
schools  with  the  flagrant  extravagance;  we  demand  the  extending  of 
agricultural  education  and  the  encouraging  of  a  movement  back 
to  the  soil;  we  favor  legislation  that  will  assist  more  direct  distri- 
bution of  farm  products;  such  education  and  such  legislation  as  will 
encourage  producers,  will  make  our  State  great  and  self-supporting. 


State  Republican  Platform.  273 

5.  Convict  Employment  in  Public  Works:  We  demand  the  employ- 
ment of  our  convicts  on  public  works  for  the  public  good,  such  as 
great  public  highways,  instead  of  in  lines  which  will  bring  them  in 
competition  with  producers  and  laborers;  furthermore,  we  demand 
just  and  humane  treatment  of  convicts  and  punishment  of  criminal 
guards  and  overseers  who  vent  their  brutal  spite  upon  these  helpless 
unfortunates. 

6.  General  Progressive  and  Labor  Legislation:  We  demand  of  the 
General  Assembly  such  progressive  legislation  as  this  advanced  age 
has  proven  necessary  and  we  suggest  among  such  attention  to  the 
following:  All  precautions  of  modern  science  for  the  preservation 
of  health  and  the  protection  of  life  and  limb;  workmen's  compensa- 
tion laws  that  damages  for  accidents  may  be  equitably  adjusted 
without  unnecesary  expense  or  delay;  laws  for  healthful  housing  and 
for  fire  protection;  an  exemption  of  moderate  savings  from  taxation 
that  our  savings  institutions  may  be  placed  upon  the  same  plane 
as  the  postal  savings  bank  system;  some  form  of  mutual  or  social 
insurance  which  will  protect  the  home  against  the  hazards  of  sick- 
ness, irregular  employment  and  old  age.  Such  laws  must  be  so 
formed  as  not  to  offer  public  aid  as  a  substitute  for  industry  and 
frugality.  We  demand  protection  and  promotion  of  the  fish  and 
oyster  industry  of  the  State  and  relief  from  unjust  and  burdensome 
laws  passed  by  the  last  legislature  in  regard  thereto. 

These  demands  in  our  nation  may  be  enlarged  upon  as  follows: 
(a).  Return  to  Protection:  Protection  for  American  industry  and 
labor  is  the  cornerstone  of  Republican  principles.  This  faith  has 
been  tried  and  proven  by  the  present  disastrous,  near-free-trade  tariff 
which  had  brought  this  country  to  the  verge  of  distress  and  ruin 
before  the  European  war.  Spasmodic  and  scattered  war  contracts, 
bringing  gains  from  the  misfortunes  and  miseries  of  others  are  a 
poor  substitute  for  steady  markets  and  universal  prosperity  under 
Protection.  Desertion  of  Protection  has  brought  all  kinds  of  direct 
taxation  including  a  so-called  war  tax  in  time  of  peace;  has  depleted 
our  treasury  just  when  Democratic  expenditures  were  the  greatest 
In  our  history;  has  crippled' our  greatest  industries,  and  has  thrown 
millions  out  of  regular  employment. 

Protection  must  be  reestablished  as  a  right  to  all  and  not  sold, 
under  some  other  name,  as  a  favor  to  a  few.     , 

18 


274  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

(b).  Preparedness  for  Peace:  We  demand  a  preparedness  for  this 
country  against  any  aggression  from  any  foreign  power. 

The  present  war  has  demonstrated  that  no  unprepared  nation  is 
safe  and  we  cannot  permit  a  noble  love  for  peace  to  leave  us  helpless. 

While  we  will  not  prepare  for  war,  we  must  be  in  a  state  of  pre- 
paredness for  peace. 

(c).  Honest  Civil  Service:  We  stand  for  honest  civil  service  re- 
form, which  has  been  so  dishonestly  outraged  by  the  present  Demo- 
cratic administration;  we  denounce  the  backward  step  taken  in  the 
assaults  upon  the  merit  system  in  order  to  place  so-called  "deserving 
Democrats"  in  offices  held  by  those  who  have  stood  the  test,  and  we 
denounce  the  further  misuse  of  power  by  trying  now  to  "cover  under 
civil  service"  those  who  have  received  reward  under  the  spoils  sys- 
tem, because  they  see  "the  handwriting  on  the  wall"  foretelling  the 
downfall  of  their  unfaithful  party. 

(d).  Rural  Credit  System:  We  demand  a  Rural  Credit  System 
such  as  was  promised  in  the  last  national  Republican  platform  and 
such  as  is  now  being  formulated  and  perfected  by  the  farmers'  or- 
ganization over  the  State  and  Nation. 

(e).  Restriction  of  Immigration:  It  would  be  but  an  act  of  folly 
to  protect  our  products  against  unfair  competition  of  cheap  foreign 
labor  and  yet  permit  the  pauper  and  often  criminal  foreign  laborer 
himself  to  enter  our  country  and  lower  the  plane  of  living  of  our 
own  people. 

We  demand  such  laws  as  will  forever  keep  tbe  ignorant,  the  dis- 
eased, and  the  criminal  from  our  shores. 

(f).  Uiiholding  Rights  of  Americans:  We  demand  the  protection 
of  the  live:  and  property  of  American  citizens  wherever  such  citi- 
zens may  be  lawfuly  abiding  or  traveling.  The  national  policy  to- 
ward Mexico  and  European  countries  has  been  weak  and  vacillating, 
by  turns  unduly  timid  and  unwisely  pugnacious. 

Americans  have  been  robbed,  violated,  and  slaughtered  without 
redress  and  American  prestige  lowered  in  every  country  on  the 
globe;  we  demand  a  return  to  a  strictly  American  policy. 

Upon  the  principles  here  enunciated. we  appeal  to  the  patriotic 
voters  to  join  us  in  redeeming  the  Old  North  State  and  in  making 
her  better,  greater,  and  grander. 


State  Socialist  Flatforji.  275 


STATE  SOCIALIST  PLATFORM. 

The  Socialist  Party  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  again  reaffirms 
its  allegiance  to  the  principles  of  international  Socialism,  and  in- 
dorses the  national  platform  of  the  Socialist  Party  of  the  United 
States. 

In  entering  the  campaign  of  1916,  the  Socialist  Party  presents 
itself  as  the  sole  political  representative  of  the  working  class.  It 
maintains  that  no  other  political  party  can  be  trusted  to  enact  and 
enforce  effective  labor  legislation  or  otherwise  serve  the  interest  of 
the  workers  of  this  State. 

We  maintain  that  the  evils  of  the  present  system  will  be  removed 
only  when  the  working  class  wholly  abolish  private  ownership  in  the 
social  means  of  production,  collectively  assume  the  management  of 
the  industries  and  operate  them  for  use  and  not  for  profit,  for  the 
benefit  of  all  and  not  for  the  enrichment  of  a  privileged  class.  In 
this  the  Socialist  party  stands  alone  in  the  political  field. 

But  the  Socialist  Party  also  believes  that  the  evils  of  the  modern 
system  may  be  materially  relieved  and  their  final  disappearance  may 
be  hastened  by  the  introduction  of  social,  political  and  economic 
measures  which  will  have  the  effect  of  bettering  the  lives,  strength- 
ening the  position  of  the  workers  and  curbing  the  power  and  domi- 
nation of  the  capitalists. 

The  Socialist  Party  therefore  supports  the  struggles  of  the  work- 
ing class  against  the  exploitation  and  oppression  of  the  capitalist 
class,  and  is  vitally  concerned  in  the  efficiency  of  the  parliamentary 
and  administrative  means  for  the  fighting  of  the  class  struggle. 

Therefore,  We  favor  the  follotoing  measures  as  immediate  de- 
mands: 

POLITICAL. 

We  demand  the  public  ownership  of  all  public  utilities. 

That  any  citizen  of  the  United  States  shall  have  the  right  to  vote 
in  North  Carolina  after  a  residence  in  the  State  of  three  months  and 
in  the  county  thirty  clays;  and  that  the  registration  books  be  kept 
open  ten  days,  beginning  fifteen  days  before  election. 

That  each  party  having  on  the  ticket  a  nominee  to  be  voted  for 
shall  be  entitled  to  representation  at  the  polling  precincts  to  see  the 
ballots  counted  and  prevent  fraud. 

That  stringent  laws  are  to  be  enacted  for  the  punishment  by  fine 
or  imprisonment  in  the  State  prison,  or  both,  of  individuals  or  cor- 


276  Platforms  of  Political,  Parties. 

porations  convicted  of  fraud  or  intimidation  in  election  or  of  conniv- 
ance therein. 

We  demand  the  initiative,  the  referendum  and  the  right  of  recall. 

That  the  rights  of  women  shall  be  co-equal  with  the  rights  of  men. 

That,  since  under  the  present  system,  poverty  is  the  unavoidable 
condition  of  the  many,  therfore  we  demand  the  repeal  of  the  law 
requiring  the  payment  of  the  poll  tax  before  being  allowed  to  vote — 
holding  that  poverty  should  be  no  bar  to  participation  in  the  gov- 
ernment. 

That  the  State  Senate  is  an  obstructive  and  unnecessary  legislative 
body,  and  we  favor  its  abolishment. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

That  nowhere  in  the  State  shall  the  school  year  be  less  than  six 
months. 

That  sufficient  school  houses  be  erected  to  accommodate  all  chil- 
dren of  school  age,  and  every  child  under  sixteen  years  of  age  be 
compelled  to  attend  school  one  term  every  year.  Widows  dependent 
for  support  upon  their  children  of  school  age  shall  be  provided  for  by 
the  State. 

That  the  teeth,  eyes,  throat  and  lungs  of  all  public-school  children 
be  examined  on  entering  public  school  by  a  competent  physician,  and 
where  treatment  is  found  necesary,  the  same  to  be  given  at  public 
expense. 

Wherever  a  child  is  found  attending  public  school,  suffering  for 
a  lack  of  proper  food  and  clothing,  the  same  shall  be  reported  to  the 
superintendent,  who  shall  provide  same  at  public  expense,  if  investi- 
gation proves  the  report  true. 

Women  teachers  shall  be  paid  the  same  as  men  when  holding  the 
same  grade  certificates.  All  teachers  shall  pass  examination  on  hy- 
giene in  addition  to  their  regular  examination  as  teachers. 

•  GENERAL. 

A  graduated  income  and  inheritance  tax. 

We  demand  the  immediate  repeal  of  the  delinquent-tax  law,  known 
as  the  "Land-Grabbers"  law;  and  that  in  its  place  a  law  be  instituted 
designed  to  perpetually  revert  to  the  State  all  lands  seized  for  delin- 
quent taxes.  That  said  lands  shall  not  be  leased  to  private  individ- 
uals or  corporations.  That  five  years  be  allowed  the  dispossessed 
owner  to  pay  his  tax  and  reclaim  his  land. 


State  Socialist  Platform.  277 

A  strict  employers'  liability  law. 

That  the  State  provide  a  suitable  pension  for  public  school  teachers 
who,  after  twenty-five  years  of  service,  may  wish  to  retire;  also  for 
all  citizens  over  sixty  years  of  age  who  may  apply  for  same. 

That  the  State  furnish  to  the  farmers  pure  seed  and  fertilizers  at 
cost;  that  the  same,  as  far  as  possible,  be  produced  in  and  by  the 
State. 

That  the  State  give  employment  to  all  its  unemployed  who,  through 
no  fault  of  their  own,  are  out  of  work;  and  that,  until  this  be  done, 
all  vagrancy  laws  be  repealed. 

That  on  all  government  and  public  corporation  work  the  employees 
shall  be  paid  their  wages  weekly  at  a  legal  union  rate.  Eight  hours 
shall  be  a  legal  work  day. 

That  the  State  provide  for  a  rigid  factory  and  mine  inspection. 

That  the  State  establish — 

(a)  A  State  printery,  to  be  conducted  under  union  rules,  and  that 
the  State  furnish  public  school  pupils  with  books  free  of  cost. 

(&)   A  free  State  employment  bureau. 

(e)     Life,  fire,  accident  and  industrial  insurance  at  cost. 

We  oppose  the  leasing  out  of  convicts  to  work  in  factories,  mines 
or  on  roads  in  competition  with  nonconvict  labor.  All  prison-made 
goods  shall  be  so  designated;  and  that  all  county  convicts,  whether 
of  county,  city  or  State,  when  at  work  be  paid  the  wages  paid  free 
labor  for  such  work,  less  the  cost  of  their  maintenance;  that  the  re- 
mainder be  paid  their  families  or  dependents,  but  if  without  depend- 
ents or  families  it  be  paid  them  upon  the  expiration  of  their  term  of 
imprisonment,  or  be  expended  for  their  comfort  during  confinement, 
as  they  may  elect. 


PART  IX. 


ELECTION  RETURNS. 


1.  Vote  for  President. 

2.  Vote  for  Governor  and  Other  State  Officers. 

3.  Vote  for  Congressmen. 

4.  Vote  on  Constitutional  Amendments. 


280 


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VOTE  FOR  PRESIDENT— 


1900 

1904 

Counties 

a 

o 

M 

*n 

cj 
o 

to 

o 

u 

03 

Ph 

3 

> 

GO 

0 

o 

si 
c 
"C 
<u 
«-» 
cj 
o 
02 

1,923 

774 

709 

1,856 

1,513 

2,256 
938 
662 
673 

1,937 

38 
26 

1,907 

770 

699 

1,226 

1,254 

1,770 
937 
543 
207 

1.651 

2 

1 

5 

2 

11 
12 

2,316 
2,420 
1,102 

525 
3,724 
1,389 
1,485 
1,111 

498 
1,046 
1,342 
1,612 
1,489 

774 

898 

404 
2,228 
1,623 
2,028 
1,964 

927 

404 
1,823 

831 
1,879 
2,373 
3,009 
2,482 
2,781 
1,931 
1,125 

358 
2,288 
1,385 
3,335 
3,990 
1,342 
1,735 

973 
1,337 

1,799 

1,067 

1,192 

643 

4,140 

1,110 

1,112 

1,317 

535 

767 

1,277 

1,522 

2,240 

1,157 

932 

394 

1,311 

1,237 

1,502 

2,138 

435 

331 

2,329 

1,251 

1,081 

2,026 

1,635 

2,58S 

1,602 

1,626 

564 

387 

1,587 

820 

3,296 

2,174 

1,199 

1,257 

1,482 

732 

1,803 

1,264 

927 

564 

3,181 

1,080 

1,509 

1,169 

389 

1,012 

874 

1,497 

1,551 

663 

573 

336 

2,162 

1,447 

1,555 

1,594 

543 

415 

2,017 

739 

1,386 

1,603 

1,588 

2,301 

2,099 

1,958 

677 

362 

1,595 

949 

2,763 

2,427 

1,169 

1.631 

887 

778 

867 

252 

558 

487 

2,591 

1,001 

1,254 

1,419 

99 

656 

201 

1,309 

1,477 

980 

148 

325 

1..036 

876 

268 

1,129 

33 

350 

2,054 

1,072 

815 

1,080 

126 

2,209 

282 

896 

273 

401 

518 

283 

1,716 

181 

723 

1,125 

1,341 

186 

4 

20 
26 
35 
15 
41 
35 

25 

1 

42 

41 

4 

2 

158 

26 

6 

277 

10 

plqV                    -   

6 

40 

4 

11 

45 
43 
20 
19 
1 
27 
70 
58 

6 

28 
26 

45 
10 
49 
12 

Oatps                        -    -    -      

25 


16 

7 
45 

6 

Guilford - 

21 

1 
19 

31 

a 

Hyde 

867 
2,523 
1,080 
3,154 

714 

798 
2.044 
1,047 
1,997 

602 

2 
17 
20 
17 

614 
2,126 
1,015 
2,572 

638 

318 
1,510 

947 
1,553 

250 

45 

10 

1 

BY  COUNTIES. 


1908 

1912 

1916 

+3 

03 

u 
a 

*** 

-^» 

+3 

m 

Q 
O 

•** 

03 

*-> 
> 

CO 

O 

o 

on 

a 

Q 

a 

CO 
03 

O 

a 
o 
a) 

CO 

O 
J) 
tJJ 

w 

M 

5 

K 

>> 
o 

~B 

03 

K 

2,113 
793 

2,184 

1,074 

575 

3 

2,032 

852 

652 

1,487 

1,643 

217 

1,605 

1,571 

1,140 

777 

3,716 

1,365 

1,738 

1,627 

303 

150 
523 
208 
125 
478 
138 
295 
43 
33 
280 
426 
48 
389 
482 
40 
218 
154 
203 
70 
734 
60 
17 
81 
155 
79 
235 
6 
238 
1,509 
810 
33 
124 
102 
1,689 
71 
244 
95 
261 
192 
124 
460 
42 
148 
354 
801 
61 
63 
76 
392 
315 
1,335 
35 
451 

1,637 

497 

256 

118 

1,241 

950 

548 

61 

511 

456 

2,285 

r,288 

1,584 

1,167 

62 

537 

45 

1,872 

1,343 

477 

77 

387 

943 

892 

190 

870 

8 

80 

1,143 

345 

1,066 

1,204 

77 

1,262 

346 

1,279 

179 

223 

343 

152 

1,979 

135 

1,035 

861 

380 

105 

40 

300 

1,047 

729 

1,083 

125 

60 

10 

2.476 
954 
796 
2,046 
1,898 
360 
1,957 
1,461 
1,261 
810 
4,229 
1,621 
2,080 
1,725 
368 
1,165 
849 
2,569 
1,839 
1,362 
610 
400 
2.764 
2,143 
1,780 
1,971 
945 
470 
2,675 
910 
1,824 
2,463 
2,028 
4,115 
2,057 
3,019 
826 
476 
1,713 
1,066 
4,616 
2,312 
1,992 
2,403 
1,166 
977 
780 
840 
3.335 
1,306 
3,468 
712 
1,054 

2,278 

1,187 

641 

301 

1,939 

1,158 

1,274 

116 

651 

989 

3,830 

1,474 

2,314 

1,659 

86 

1,246 

338 

2,624 

1,501 

1,362 

91 

453 

1,497 

1,327 

542 

1,217 

87 

363 

2,801 

1,245 

1,527 

1,837 

135 

3,585 

396 

2,542 

309 

460 

648 

294 

3,670 

299 

1,603 

1,523 

1,795 

209 

110 

277 

2,073 

1,288 

2,857 

233 

573 

5 

633 

1,490 

301  '< 

1.639 

1,674 

1 
2 

61 

2 

1,828 
1,258 

1,304 
360 
660 
841 

2 

1 

1,132 

607 

1 

3,506 

3,572    54 
1,358 

101 

1,310 

1,610 

1,821 

1,745 

164 

22 

1  413 

11 

398 

2 

1  152 

1,060        1-153 

820 

373  ;   2 
2,010  1 
1,497 
1,310 

705 
2,110 
1,652 

906 

1,864 
1,521 

782 

2 

3 

4 
14 

10 

621 

213  :         663 

1 

343 

321 

372 

2,351 

1,668 

1,819 

1,678 

622 

397 

2,484 

823 

1,757 

2,197 

1,851 

3,042 

1,856 

2,333 

618 

416 

1,561 

894 

3,830 

2,300 

1,364 

2,068 

1,092 

742 

626 

636 

2,528 

1,210 

2,757 

635 

862 

2,282 

1,459 
1,381 

449 

1,453 

68 

370 
2,340 
1.185 
1,225 
1,820 

438 
2,876 

561 
1,970 

337 

465 

734 

538 
2,863 

380 
1,047 
1,304 
1,602 

353 

1 

4 

3 
131 

8 

31 

1 

2 

1,845 

2 

1,399 

1  832 

10 

701 

1 

416 

2,126 

780 

1  508 

10 

3 

1 

49 

325 

1 
46 

12 
1 

4 

22 

12 
6 

1  859 

1,753 

2,472 
1  984 

24 
238 

1 

2,398 
653 

11 

418 

1,561 

876 

3,822 
2,165 

43 

26 

44 

1 
8 

1,501 
1  959 

5 
6 

2 

1 

917 

839 

1 

662 

223 

1,803 

1,086 

2,827 

315 

562 

1 

2 

4 

3 

2,465 
1  022 

5 

2 

2  593 

585 

832 

284 


Election  Returns. 


VOTE  FOR  PRESIDENT— 


1900 

1904 

Counties 

c 

a 

>> 

a 

bo 

a 

*^ 
-^ 

a 
M 

h 

"3 
> 

to 

O 
O 

C 

OS 
O 

00 

Lenoir 

1,492 

892 

977 

1,268 

1,819 

1,014 

3,786 

491 

1,100 

1,606 

2,600 

2,247 

1.992 

1,322 

1,275 

597 

1.196 

1,137 

830 

1,466 

3,264 

484 

2,264 

1,284 

3,280 

2,652 

2.460 

'2,081 

1,257 

925 

1,265 

1,443 

1,898 

590 

529 

466 

1,790 

1.233 

4,774 

1,573 

834 

923 

3,104 

1,704 

2,816 

950 

954 

1,224 

1,133 

1,035 

2,377 

1.08S 

1,024 

2.234 

1,958 

920 

2,029 

1,337 

60 

1,587 

618 

1,280 

729 

1,282 

543 

S46 

1,274 

2,156 

652 

2,487 

504 

1,144 

2,252 

1,555 

1,981 

2,002 

44 

792 

1,798 

2,451 

782 

622 

383 

864 

881 

3,947 

1,337 

784 

1,439 

1,965 

2,840 

1,194 

1,733 

1,082 

1,386 

1,009 

904 

994 

1,419 

836 

3,142 

408 

937 

1,424 

1,428 

1,254 

1,509 

828 

900 

574 

947 

903 

610 

942 

2,329 

497 

2,334 

927 

2,274 

1,934 

2,424 

1.860 

1,079 

646 

1,024 

1,104 

1,741 

499 

556 

343 

1,181 

1,019 

3,410 

1,060 

450 

773 

2,060 

1,318 

1,363 

691 

1,013 

674 

761 

987 

1,959 

216 

931 

748 

1,384 

858 

1,178 

645 

91 

116 

451 

558 

438 

275 

168 

378 

473 

429 

559 

1,808 

306 

982 

1,276 

1,215 

1,322 

1,777 

65 

1,080 

1,478 

2,475 

828 

526 

•      367 

379 

413 

1,267 

165 

428 

1,113 

1,162 

2,170 

623 

1,433 

864 

1 

Lincoln 

22 

4 

11 

Macon 

4 

McDowell 

17 

78 

25 

Mecklenburg 

43 

Mitchell 

Montgomery 

1 

12 

Moore 

23 

N  ash      

6 

Onslow 

56 

10 

25 

2 

7 

Perquimans 

1 

7 
36 

7 
28 

5 

Pitt        ... 

17 

Polk 

21 

6 

Rockingham 

3 
275 

1 
155 

2 

19 

20 

Rutherford .  . 

Stanly  _  

3 

2 

Transylvania 

3 

Tyrrell 

Union .. 

22 
50 
15 

20 

Vance 

6 

Wake  ... 

23 

Warren 

17 

Washington 

Watauga _. 

2 

37 

2 

2 

7 

31 

Wayne. 

34 

Wilkes 

Wilson. 

Yadkin .. 

8 

Yancey    

Totals 

157,733 

132,997 

1,727 

124,121 

82,442 

1,180 

Vote  for  President. 


285 


BY  COUNTIES-Continued. 


1908 

1912 

1916 

d 

03 
>> 

u 

pq 

OS 

a 

a 

a 
a 

02 

a 

o 

"3 

> 

o 

GQ 

o 
o 

OJ 

Q 

el 

c3 

-q 
O 

a 
o 

JO 

1 

u 
M 

O 

pq 

0) 

3 

w 

1,393 

966 

1,217 

1,045 

2,027 

421 

1,000 

1,645 

1,808 

1.0S7 

1,077 

1,334 

511 

186 

710 

1,073 

501 

405 

373 

502 

969 

890 

621 

2,676 

462 

1,300 

2.008 

2,009 

1,766 

2,465 

85 

1,685 

1,711 

2,870 

931 

611 

395 

834 

641 

2,900 

296 

556 

1,313 

1,504 

3,382 

1,014 

1,644 

950 

3 

4 
12 

26 

14 

35 

5 

1.568 

1 ,  280 

1,020 

897 

1,251 

1,037 

3,967 

385 

1,012 

1,167 

1,862 

2,021 

1,625 

901 

997 

694 

972 

967 

647 

S20 

2,303 

675 

2,665 

1,319 

2,706 

1,939 

2,748 

2,180 

1,265 

751 

1,702 

1,144 

1,919 

766 

631 

297 

1,786 

1,204 

3,996 

987 

503 

933 

2,293 

1,636 

1,741 

713 

1,112 

122 

49 
134 
430 
229 
343 
284 
203 
144 
252 
172 
140 

57 

66 
172 

74 

77 

19 
228 
784 
347 
153 
370 

82 
154 
694 
280 

82 

84 

9 

105 

1,450 

2,277 

220 

107 

224 

92 
168 
282 
112 
384 
420 

95 
331 

82 
791 

60 

347 

1,066 
841 

1,320 
34 
773 
533 
716 
846 
678 
576 
107 
53 
550 
821 
329 
1S4 
268 
44 
184 
433 
501 

1,809 
174 
660 
778 

1,537 

1,553 

2,520 
75 

1.548 
210 
608 
858 
537 
100 
457 
234 

1,517 

46 

149 

819 

1,090 

2,571 
561 
599 

1,336 

1,666 
1,521 
1,146 

972 
1,472 
1,274 
4,508 

462 
1,222 
1,337 
2,189 
2,355 
1,518 
1,197 
1,230 

710 
1,177 

970 

645 

"953 

2,839 

679 
2,747 
1,553 
2,894 
2,316 
3,053 
2,445 
1 ,  369 

938 
2,110 
1,569 
2,029 

829 

821 

416 
2,662 
1,451 
4,627 
1,217 

651 
1,141 
2,625 
1,632 
2,052 

879 
1,273 

667 

1,369 

1,069 

1 ,  965 

281 

1,218 

1,257 

1.298 

1,196 

1,047 

826 

492 

45 

785 

1,158 

527 

270 

400 

288 

917 

719 

750 

3,031 

650 

1,453 

1,957 

2,320 

1,871 

2,727 

137 

1,941 

1,852 

2,977 

1,128 

841 

392 

702 

558 

2,461 

227 

486 

1,352 

1,446 

3,470 

730 

1,721 

1,082 

2 
8 

1,222 
927 

3 

12 

1 

862 

1,338 

950 

3,926 

550 

10 

38 

6 

2 

1.008 

1,109 
1,678 
1,857 

17 

42 

22    

19    

1,726 

870 

4 

1,017 

4 
20 

62S 
929 

18 

1 

930 

568 

1 

750 

2,419 

3 

1 
6 
3 

8 

511 

2,472 
1,029 

1 

3 

2.69S 

1,887 

51 
50 

7 

9 

7 

1 

2,392 

• 

1,978 

1,335 

714 

1,491 

5 
21 
12 

4 

1,061 
1,709 

22 

1 

602 

570 

1 

312 

4    - 

2,029 
1,121 

19 

4 

3,713 
1,066 

12 

5 

495 

962 

2 
16 

9 

2,207 
1,559 

3 

2 

1,732 

597 

978 

136,928 

114,887 

345 

144,507 

29,139 

69,130 

1,025 

117 

168,383 

120.891) 

:,!)<.) 

VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  FOR  GOVERNOR  IN  DEMOCRATIC 
PRIMARY,  JUNE  3,  1916. 


Alamance.. 
Alexander.. 
Alleghany. 

Anson 

Ashe 

Avery 

Beaufort... 

Bertie 

Bladen 

Brunswick. 
Buncombe. 

Burke 

Cabarrus... 
Caldwell... 

Camden 

Carteret 

Caswell 

Catawba... 
Chatham... 
Cherokee... 

Chowan 

Clay 

Cleveland.. 
Columbus.. 
Craven. 


Cumberland. 

Currituck 

Dare 

Davidson 

Davie 

Duplin 

Durham 

Edgecombe. . 

Forsyth 

Franklin 

Gaston 

Gates 

Giaham 

Granville 

Greene 

Guilford 

Halifax 

Harnett 

Haywood 

Henderson... 

Hertford 

Hoke 

Hyde. 

Iredell 

Jackson 

Johnston 

Jones 

Lee 

Lenoir 

Lincoln 


Counties 


» 


-a 


Q 


386 

67 

214 

14 

124 

18 

1,458 

276 

200 

22 

131 

16 

708 

376 

971 

689 

641 

306 

216 

247 

1 ,  398 

1,943 

398 

531 

295 

89 

347 

181 

368 

84 

710 

123 

509 

161 

614 

111 

697 

212 

231 

90 

271 

78 

98 

32 

1,012 

671 

1.081 

826 

563 

268 

644 

968 

280 

406 

190 

46 

1,115 

237 

316 

39 

662 

436 

968 

605 

353 

1.181 

663 

295 

1,528 

527 

1,186 

364 

118 

41 

185 

19 

818 

565 

688 

73 

1,212 

1,010 

1,495 

396 

640 

375 

1,258 

704 

261 

313 

582 

258 

283 

346 

178 

139 

1,555 

915 

479 

76 

980 

848 

238 

102 

480 

140 

599 

650 

559 

74 

Vote  for  Governor. 


287 


Counties 

Bickett 

o 
bo 

z 

P 

Macon 

280 
148 
197 
237 

1,742 
93 
558 
516 
619 
813 

1,267 
458 
374 
238 
746 
586 
306 
363 
869 
191 
811 

1,294 

1,830 
040 
800 

1,093 

5~S3 
232 
245 
394 
254 
81 
63 

1,850 
865 

2,483 
888 
172 
201 

1,030 
549 
922 
237 
111 

20 

194 

280 

McDowell  -_ _  _  _  

268 

1,207 

Mitchell                                                                 - 

42 

Montgo mery _  _ 

114 

486 

Nash             - ________  

1,021 

1,587 

428 

236 

199 

95 

379 

Pender  _  _  

348 

117 

227 

Pitt               

1,052 

Polk                     — 

174 

Randolph      --  -_  

311 

669 

376 

755 

Rutherford -         

530 

73 

300 

Stanly            _-_ _______ __.  

76 

39 

148 

121 

209 

Tyrrell 

20 

303 

536 

Wake                    ._-   -_-   

1,765 

471 

164 

5 

441 

Wilkes                                        — - 

411 

647 

59 

141 

Totals                             -  -  -  -  

63,121 

37.017 

VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR, 


Counties 


Alamance 

Alexander 

Alleghany 

Anson 

Ashe 

Avery 

Beaufort 

Bertie 

Bladen 

Brunswick 

Buncombe 

Burke 

Cabarrus 

Caldwell. 

Camden 

Carteret. 

Caswell 

Catawba 

Chatham 

Cherokee 

Chowan 

Clay 

Cleveland 

Columbus 

Craven 

Cumberland. 

Currituck 

Dare 

Davidson 

Davie 

Duplin 

Durham 

Edsecombe.. 

Forsyth 

Franklin 

Gaston 

Gates 

Graham 

Granville 

Greene 

Guilford 

Halifax 

Harnett 

Haywood 

Henderson.. 

Hertford 

Hoke 

Hyde 

Iredell 

Jackson 

Johnston 


1900 


A4 


< 

PC 


05 

o 


2,488 

892 

784 

2,015 

1,659 


c 

-z 

K 


2,321 

1,027 

607 

522 

1,969 


18 


1904 


a 

d 

3 
w 


o 

K 


1,922 

784 

723 

1,247 

1,278 


S3 

o 


1 ,  778 
919 
520 
155 

1,638 


11 


933 

1,525 

075 

996 

589 

1,375 

915 

948 

332 

3,401 

509 

1.171 

915 

1,550 

248 

1,272 

545 

567 

363 

957 

421 

1,313 

008 

1,863 

755 

1,894 

778 

1,080 

,055 

948 

388 

•lis 

,652 

1 ,  172 

,178 

1,2111 

fill 

,719 

1 ,  629 

,002 

374 

524 

406 

,406 

2,275 

956 

1,367 

,125 

1,297 

,765 

2,170 

,758 

385 

,913 

2,432 

,021 

1,831 

,514 

1,584 

,  232 

603 

396 

343 

,540 

1,527 

,474 

774 

,071 

3,343 

,618 

877 

,515 

1,339 

,736 

1,244 

,121 

1,468 

,368 

429 

2 
13 


4 

2 

14 

2 


1,943 

1,327 

999 

631 

3,253 

1,110 

1,538 

1,222 

412 

1,020 

870 

1,537 

1,616 

673 

625 

346 

2,209 

1,610 


19 

24 

2 

10 
8 
7 
1 

IS 


24 


614 

07s 

548 

429 

2,154 

764 

1 .  156 

1,716 

1 .  632 

2,421 

2,149 

2,029 

736 

373 

1,589 

990 

2,924 

2,478 

1,217 

1 ,  650 

906 

804 


770 
Its 
528 
415 

2 ,  523 
995 

1,249 

1,372 

36 

608 

195 

1,433 

1.44:; 

989 

95 

320 

1,040 
741 
206 

1,038 

26 

351 

2,002 

1,058 
820 

1,034 
135 

2,152 
266 
816 
218 
397 
502 
262 

1,718 
144 
705 

1,099 

1,320 
143 


27 
3 


12 


23 
1 


19 
3 


12 
~90 
"~9 


971 
,779 

,118 
,777 


905 
2,319 
1,025 
1,750 


686 
2,147 
1.021 
2,586 


228 

507 

950 

1,513 


1 


1900-1916. 


1908 

1912 

1916 

a 

+j 

3 

to 

>> 

•  l-t 

M 

M 

O 

O 

M 

-*> 

go 

go 

« 

a 

0 

a 

o 
o 

a 

C3 

o 

CD 
W 
CO 

C3 

C3 

T3 

o 

H 

< 

M 

0) 

.5 

s 

o 

a 

o 

w 

£ 
o 

■a 

§ 

& 

>-> 

o 

u 

K 

Eh 

,4 

2,220 

2,130 

2 

2,168 

324 

1,416 

10 

2,483 

2,293 

3 

793 

1,076 

871 

852 

141 

922 

1,208 

643 

541 

676 

366 

103 

784 

616 

1,538 

263 

1,513 

135 

80 

2,047 

274 

1,700 

1,701 

1,700 

1,027 

641 

1,889 

1,950 

227 
1,825 

172 
293 

847 
482 

72 

324 
1,949 

1,283 
1,256 

1,914 

1,209 

29 

63 

1,328 

274 

1.636 

28 

57 

1,475 

60 

1,213 

599 



1,229 

43 

414 

1,269 

598 

671 

774 

827 

380 

201 

825 

981 

3 

3,629 

3,434 

48 

3,875 

1,045 

1,493 

78 

4,487 

3,835 

1,353 

1,315 

1 

1,375 

91 

1,211 

2 

1.585 

1,484 

1,616 

1,817 

1,864 

1,094 

782 

5 

2,091 

2,308 

18 

1,476 

1,685 

1,661 

593 

828 

12 

1,724 

1,707 

3 

405 

141 

1 

317 

•   29 

48 

374 

64 

1,173 

998 



1,165 

222 

489 

- 

1,142 

1,263 

878 

323 

830 

202 

10 

_. 

838 

342 

1,961 

2,012 

2 

2,136 

300 

1,763 

2 

2,547 

2,685 

4 

1,594 

1,428 

3 

1,683 

155 

1,219 

2 

1,813 

1,514 

13 

823 

1,273 

949 

1,165 

74 

1,003 

1,361 

658 

176 

695 

48 

60 

604 

80 

348 

318 

1 

381 

9 

386 

398 

464 

2,304 

1,452 

2,398 

114 

845 

2,705 

1,469 

2,056 

1,192 

1,894 

343 

424 

2,192 

1,245 

1,520 

340 

1,859 

118 

135 

1,787 

507 

2,019 

1,250 

1,788 

499 

480 

7 

1,996 

1,173 

734 

49 

629 

21 

4 

921 

72 

443 

354 

391 

243 

14 

3 

458 

375 

2,231 

2,481 

1 

2,505 

2,118 

567 

5 

2,647 

2,814 

13 

802 

1,163 

835 

1,082 

68 

15 

901 

1,259 

8 

1,642 

1,139 

1,829 

46 

970 

3 

1,836 

1,516 

1,962 

1,693 

1 

2,264 

349 

932 

6 

2,505 

1,786 

6 

1,839 

392 

1,823 

93 

43 

49 

2,018 

117 

25 

2,653 

2,782 

118 

3,119 

2,646 

312 

301 

4,108 

3,629 

215 

2,093 

432 

1,941 

113 

202 

1 

2,092 

381 

2,568 

1,820 

5 

2,363 

390 

1,076 

39 

3,019 

2,531 

700 

278 

640 

110 

100 

800 

287 

422 

461 

431 

411 

72 

475 

460 

1,746 

592 

1,670 

289 

198 

1,702 

642 

915 

504 

921 

163 

99 

1,062 

286 

3,948 

2,765 

37 

3,874 

661 

1,685 

39 

4,588 

3,643 

47 

2,285 

276 

1 

2,334 

40 

120 

2,337 

246 

1 

1,550 

1,012 

1 

1,409 

208 

901 

10 

1,979 

1,624 

9 

1,983 

1,253 

2,087 

561 

625 

4 

2,376 

1,526 

998 

1,497 

1,086 

695 

805 

2 

1,154 

1,794 

1 

880 

291 

764 

88 

53 

967 

178 

658 

24 

32 

794 

85 

701 

i77 

j     685 

59 

236 

792 

284 

2,533 

1,746 

1  1   2,649 

512 

1,000 

1 

3,290 

2,076 

6 

1,028 

1,073 

3     1,233 

764 

220 

4 

1 ,  302 

1,293 

2,816 

2,596 



2,959 

1,761 

507 

3.227 

2,946 

19 


290 


Election  Returns. 


1900 

1904 

Counties 

a 
o 
o 

>> 

< 

DQ 

a 

M 

o 

s 

S3 

< 

m 

u 

O 

c 

a 
m 

.5 

03 

o 

a 

a 

a 
O 

PQ 

-p 

M 
O 
& 

o 

.2 

03 
K 

m 

o 
,— , 
t- 
03 

O 

to 

"C 

<u 
•*> 

03 
o 
W 

Jones 

906 

694 

662 

228 

I.ee 

Lenoir 

2,101 
1,341 
1,044 
1,176 
2,002 
1,174 
5,095 

413 
1,341 
1,890 
2,957 
2,963 
2,438 
1,548 
1,471 

657 
1,502 
1,260 

959 
1,607 
3,433 

534 
2,468 
1,645 
4,100 
2,913 
3,157 
2,389 
1,356 
1,065 
1,453 
1,519 
2,154 

540 

596 

591 
2,379 
1,304 
5,732 
2,133 

976 
1,055 
3,828 
1,435 
2,916 
1,011 

986 

1,123 

1,288 

1,059 

2,374 

990 

1,034 

1,627 

1,940 

868 

1,875 

1,360 

3 

1,096 

637 

1,469 

599 

926 

276 

732 

1,286 

2,096 

650 

2,513 

185 

557 

1,946 

1,519 

2,092 

1,954 

25 

837 

1,944 

2,594 

816 

607 

410 

660 

944 

4,448 

1,069 

571 

1,411 

1,878 

2,257 

1,430 

1,821 

1,081 

1,471 

1,062 

924 

1,012 

1,446 

856 

3,229 

417 

967 

1,487 

1,489 

1,284 

1,539 

908 

952 

612 

1,001 

972 

663 

949 

2,298 

502 

2,409 

955 

2,449 

2.023 

2,497 

1.873 

1,046 

662 

1,016 

1,117 

1,833 

521 

587 

392 

1,233 

1,042 

3,647 

1,185 

500 

898 

2,091 

1,360 

1,387 

703 

1,035 

631 
711 

963 

1,929 

179 

917 

668 

1,361 

824 

1,127 

577 

56 

103 

439 

556 

397 

211 

124 

311 

558 

439 

552 

1,894 

274 

846 

1,214 

1,198 

1,294 

1,776 

54 

1,060 

1,483 

2,408 

804 

500 

274 

297 

428 

1,091 

134 

354 

1,233 

1,114 

2,437 

586 

1,411 

938 

1 

2 

Macon 

1 

McDowell 

10 

5 

Mitchell    

Montpnrppry 

4 

Moore  . 

1 

4 

Nash      

New  Hanover 

Northampton .  . 

Pasquotank 

1 

6 

1 

Pitt - - - 

2 

1 

Polk           .- - 

30 

22 

Rockingham . 

87 

11 

2 

1 

1 

6 

Tyriell 

Wake 

4 

7 

2 

5 

Wavne 

12 

26 

Wilkes       

1 

Yadkin     

9 

4 

Totals    

186,650 

126,296 

367 

128,761 

79,505 

349 

Vote  for  Governor. 


291 


1908 

1912 

1916 

g 

oj 

>> 

5 

o 

01 

CD 

02 

O 

s 

a 
a 

O 

tt 

-p 

&0 

o 
o 

fcX 
.S 

3 

o 

o 
CO 

DO 

-a 
a 

w 

03 

03 

►J 

< 

.2 

2 

03 

o 

a 

o 

-d 

W 

a 

o 

C3 

% 

£ 

1-5 

m 

1-1 

H 

t— i 

w 

H 

s 

ij 

631 

272 

694 

76 

66 

705 

231 

912 

501 

888 

95 

386 

1,049 

581 

1,490 

896 

1,666 

214 

201 

1,696 

653 

1,286 

1,180 

1,324 

67 

1,015 

5 

1,502 

1,386 

940 

1,017 

2 

1,056 

314 

614 

1,126 

1,053 

878 

2,001 

925 

842 

900 

941 

1,991 

1.385 

360 

1,264 

231 

18 

1,463 

270 

973 

984 

1,062 

8S6 

189 

7 

1,268 

1,234 

4,233 

1,385 

2 

4,110 

452 

342 

30 

4,403 

1,163 

7 

575 

1,797 

412 

177 

717 

462 

1,297 

1,047 

1,047 

1,132 

291 

668 

1.225 

1,188 

1,219 

976 

11 

1,208 

464 

410 

18 

1,361 

1,029 

19 

1,848 

1,222 

1 

1,922 

200 

426 

39 

2,174 

826 

20 

2,110 

283 

1,990 

211 

69 

2,499 

251 

1,691 

121 

1,672 

43 

42 

1,462 

30 

988 

559 

1 

904 

55 

444 

1,144 

804 

1,077 

1,014 

2 

1,096 

516 

468 

2 

1,213 

1,159 

671 

478 

18 

703 

108 

279 

17 

700 

530 

8 

1,048 

265 

1,011 

61 

117 

1,168 

229 

1,019 

294 

988 

21 

234 

973 

353 

598 

427 

686 

310 

42 

631 

286 

890 

847 

847 

811 

62 

937 

929 

2,500 

811 

2,420 

457 

239 

4 

2,762 

740 

536 

594 

676 

621 

5 

1 

683 

743 

2.546 

2,647 

4 

2,828 

475 

1,759 

2,761 

3,037 

2 

1,106 

366 

1,357 

116 

85 

4 

1,606 

593 

3,005 

1,115 

3,103 

211 

344 

3,068 

1,435 

2,039 

1,883 

10 

1,997 

899 

453 

57 

2,288 

1,978 

2,719 

1,723 

2,839 

808 

961 

27 

3,001 

2,454 

35 

2,011 

1,739 

2,241 

165 

1,423 

2,432 

1,871 

1,400 

2,423 

1,289 

176 

2,366 

1,326 

2,758 

752 

47 

774 

8 

48 

944 

161 

2 

1,537 

1,630 

1,742 

600 

1,005 

1 

2,105 

1,945 

13 

1,123 

1,671 

5 

1,168 

1,585 

48 

21 

1,543 

1,871 

20 

1,820 

2,781 

2 

2,006 

2,529 

288 

6 

2,022 

2,982 

9 

614 

902 

799 

789 

246 

794 

1,141 

600 

579 

640 

310 

321 

1 

821 

836 

357 

345 

382 

309 

43 

410 

388 

2,086 

701 

1,724 

114 

326 

19 

2,758 

635 

13 

1,187 

587 

1,223 

199 

151 

1 

1,459 

537 

4,149 

2,583 

4,221 

593 

943 

10 

4,719 

2,298 

2 

1,171 

191 

1,044 

88 

22 

1,279 

133 

534 

526 

509 

471 

39 

651 

486 

998 

1,279 

981 

723 

455 

1,134 

1,381 

2,274 

1,450 

2,390 

131 

948 

2 

2,627 

1,425 

1,599 

3,331 

1,622 

528 

2,332 

1,595 

3,471 

2 

1,905 

831 

1,877 

65 

442 

2,050 

676 

718 

1,619 

774 

1.06S 

426 

858 

1,738 

1,002 

912 

1,150 

50 

1,028 

1,263 

1,101 

145,102 

107,760 

313 

149,975 

43,625 

49,930 

944 

167,761 

120,157 

590 

2!t2  Election  Returns. 


VOTE  FOR  STATE  OFFICERS  IN  DEMOCRATIC  PRIMARY, 

JUNE  3,  1916. 

For  GOVERNOR: 

T.  W.  Bickett 63,121 

E.  L.  Daughtridge 37,017 

For  SECRETARY  OF  STATE: 

J.  Bryan  Grimes 53.811 

J.  A.  Hartness 27,300 

Haywood  Clark 16,231 

For  STATE  TREASURER: 

B.  R.  Lacy 60,008 

J.  S.  Mann. 34,548 

For  ATTORNEY-GENERAL: 

J.  S.  Manning 43,332 

Edmund  Jones 18,902 

N.  A.  Sinclair 18,036 

T.  H.  Calvert 12,847 

For  COMMISSIONER  OF  LABOR  AND  PRINTING: 

M.  L.  Shipman 62,817 

D.  P.  Dellinger 25,559 

For  CORPORATION  COMMISSIONER: 

W.  T.  Lee 61,943 

D.  L.  Boyd 27,619 

For  COMMISSIONER  OF  AGRICULTURE: 

W.  A.  Graham 50,250 

A.  J.  McKinnon 33,596 

S.  H.  Hobbs 8,971 

For  INSURANCE  COMMISSIONER: 

J.  R.  Young 69,998 

C.  T.  McClenaghan 22,24 


Vote  fob  United  States  Senator. 


293 


VOTE  FOR  UNITED  STATES  SENATOR,  1918. 


Counties 


Alamance 

Alexander... 
Alleghany... 

Anson 

Ashe 

Avery 

Beaufort 

Bertie 

Bladen 

Brunswick.. 
Buncombe.. 

Burke 

Cabarrus 

Caldwell.... 

Camden 

Carteret 

Caswell 

Catawba 

Chatham 

Cherokee 

Chowan 

Clay 

Cleveland..  - 
Columbus.-- 

Craven 

Cumberland 

Currituck 

Dare 

Davidson... 

Davie 

Duplin 

Durham 

Edgecombe.. 

Forsyth 

Franklin 

Gaston 

Gates 

Graham 

Granville 

Greene 

Huilford 

Halifax 

Harnett 

Haywood 

Henderson.. 

Hertford 

Hoke 

Hyde. 

Iredell 


a 
<u 

J3 
<U 

u 

c 

S' 


a 
.a 

o 


2,528 

2,241 

821 

1,144 

687 

475 

1,666 

148 

1,778 

1,875 

198 

690 

1,704 

688 

1,159 

28 

951 

349 

385 

520 

4,104 

3,281 

1,352 

1.510 

1,840 

2,065 

1,670 

1,542 

305 

58 

1,064 

992 

872 

228 

2,323 

2,485 

1,716 

1,422 

903 

1,120 

608 

46 

370 

428 

2,410 

1,116 

1,346 

529 

1,561 

256 

1,344 

356 

507 

34 

364 

293 

2,535 

2,680 

674 

1,216 

1,672 

1,051 

2,030 

1,144 

1,568 

50 

4,027 

2,917 

1,597 

188 

3,164 

2,120 

446 

102 

371 

335 

1,474 

344 

720 

132 

3,747 

2,394 

1,746 

89 

1,865 

1,373 

2,085 

1,144 

984 

1,450 

693 

80 

769 

32 

570 

136 

3,398 

1,664 

294 


Election  Returns. 


Counties 


Jackson.. 
Johnston. 

Jones 

Lee 


Lenoir 

Lincoln.. 
Macon... 
Madison. 
Martin. 


McDowell 

Mecklenburg. 

Mitchell. 

Montgomery. 
Moore 


Nash 

New  Hanover. 
Northampton. 
Onslow. 


Oran<re 

Pamlico 

Pasquotank. 
Pender 


Perquimans. . 

Person 

Pitt 

Polk.... - 

Randolph 

Richmond 

Robeson 

Rockingham.. 

Rowan. 

Rutherford — 

Sampson. 

Scotland 

Stanly -■ 

Stokes ■ 

Surry. ■ 

Swain _--■ 

Transvlvania. 

Tyrrell 

Union 

Vance 

Wake -. 

Warren 

Washington... 

Watauga. 

Wavne— 

Wilkes 

Wilson 

Yadkin... 

Yancey 


\<A 


915 

2,594 

134 

568 

260 

1,372 

945 

1,378 

230 

1,183 

782 

779 

950 

830 

354 

31 

22 

418 

641 

400 

114 

346 

191 

814 

333 

671 

2,884 

349 

625 

1,733 

2,099 

1,712 

2,418 

84 

1,786 

1,724 

2,577 

949 

737 

246 

267 

294 

1,318 

71 

451 

1,274 

963 

2,752 

290 

1,495 

794 


Totals. 


93,697 


Vote  fob  Congress. 


295 


VOTES  FOR  MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS,  1918. 

FIRST  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 

John  H.  Small  (D.) 

ja 

M 

3 

6 

1,640 
263 
603 
490 
304 
439 
571 
532 

1,303 
517 
407 

2,518 
306 
474 

698 

108 

53 

66 

346 

106 

108 

Hvde --- 

183 

221 

240 

204 

Pitt                 .- -- 

375 

Tyrrell  .                 ...  

231 

462 

Totals                      .  .  

10,427 

3,401 

SECOND  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 

P 

•** 
M 

t5 

o 

1,139 

1,549 

662 

1,717 

1,307 

1,094 

1,106 

1,412 

Total 

9,986 

296 


Election  Returns. 


THIRD  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 


Carteret 

Craven 

Duplin 

Jones 

Onslow 

Pamlico 

Pender 

Sampson 

Wayne 

Totals 


.- 

Ib 

c 

CJ 

I1J 

f- 

XI 

CQ 

£_ 

Sq 

tf« 

"3 

s 

3 

C3 

T. 

O 

951 

1,070 

1,527 

278 

1,607 

1,036 

621 

134 

923 

422 

530 

390 

874 

314 

1,009 

2.404 

2,163 

952 

10,205 

7,000 

FOURTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 

Edward  W.  Pou 
(D.) 

a 

o 

X 

.»- 

G_ 

Kd 

Q 

o 

<A 

1,708 
1 ,  565 
3,141 
1,551 
1,215 
3,673 

1,441 

172 

2.594 

317 

274 

1,230 

12,853 

6,028 

Vote  fob  Congeess. 


297 


FIFTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


0 

Counties 

a 

a 

w  ^ 

CO  ^-' 
0) 
h 
03 
A 

o 

John  W.  Kurfeea 
(R.) 

2,487 

852 

1,965 

4,004 

1,469 

3,693 

724 

754 

1,997 

1,316 

1,815 

2,239 

216 

1,133 

2,905 

327 

Guilford                     -.- --- 

2,373 

640 

786 

1,718 

1,716 

2,582 

Totals 

21,076 

16,635 

SIXTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 

^5 
Is 
a  * 

03  o 

WO 

G  in 

c!  c3 

923 
359 
1,370 
1,356 
1,833 
1,156 
2,578 

356 

514 

515 

329 

1,361 

627 

Totals 

9,575 

3,702 

298 


Election  Returns. 


SEVENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 

00    - 

03  O 

"3-H 

o  o 

en 
9 

u 

CO 

s 

1,678 

2,523 

659 

758 

887 

1,112 

1,194 

2,645 

1,539 

804 

2,163 

1,710 

603 

140 

2,659 

Davie .  . 

1,204 

Hoke - 

32 

Lee 

560 

949 

812 

Randolph 

2,895 

Richmond 

333 

84 

253 

Wilkes 

2,714 

1,481 

Totals 

18,275 

14,116 

EIGHTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


>. 

■■■ * 

o 

P 

13 

a 

Counties 

.  a 

*— i  *■? 

^S 

<£ 

oo 

a 

c3 

tfG 

£ 

A  lexander 

827 
719 

1,148 

Alleghany 

448 

Ashe 

1,792 
1,863 
1,700 
3,390 

2,888 
1,955 

1,829 

Cabarrus 

2,042 

Caldwell - 

1,521 

Iredell 

1,677 

Rowan  

2,085 

Stanly  

1,797 

Watauga --      ------      --------- 

971 

1,279 

Totals 

16,105 

13,826 

Vote  for  Congress. 


299 


NINTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


ta 

J2 

ea 

,fl 

a 

<0 

o 

P^ 

1-5 

Counties 

■  ^- 

>^S 

<oi 

a 

a. 

% 

03 

T3 

J3 

H 

o 

279 

607 

Burke 

1,329 

1,490 

2,332 

2,468 

2,406 

1,134 

Gaston 

3,152 

1,418 

628 

3,969 

2  154 

1  387 

Madison 

1  271 

Mecklenburg . . 

770 

Mitchell 

365 
1,104 

773 

Yancey -------- 

776 

Totals 

16,982 

12,830 

TENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Counties 

u 

o 

> 

03 

ail 
o 

.a 

0J 

tS5 

■Pi 

00 

s 

03 
1-5 

Buncomoe 

4,015 

913 

375 

362 

2,090 

976 

1,040 

1,198 

1,085 

045 

2,169 

668 

787 

3,442 

Cherokee 

1,188 

Clay „ 

431 

Graham 

351 

Havwood 

1,139 

Henderson 

1,482 

Jackson 

923 

McDowell 

1,183 

Macon .  

998 

Polk 

717 

Rutherford 

1,738 

Swain 

937 

Transylvania 

712 

Totals 

18,323 

15,271 

300 


Election  Returns. 


VOTE  ON  CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENTS,  1918 


Counties 

Amendment  to  Sec.  3, 

Art.  V:  For  Exemption 

from  Taxation  of 

Homestead  Notes 

Amendment  to  Sec.  3, 

Art.  IX:  To  Insure  a 

Six-months  School 

Term 

• 

For 

Against 

For 

Against 

1,933 

594 

30 

798 
424 
535 

1,050 
517 
861 
223 

3,514 
948 
656 
393 
276 

1,248 
444 

1,176 

1,061 
698 
306 
257 

1,160 

1,100 
942 

1,281 
294 
235 

189 

195 

605 

476 

205 

23 

324 

228 

122 

76 

71 

183 

101 

172 

15 

70 

110 

333 

700 

13 

195 

120 

213 

304 

185 

159 

80 

16 

2,259 

334 

335 

1,031 

1,911 

636 

1,421 

824 

861 

412 

3,514 

1,297 

2,406 

1,344 

317 

1,248 

619 

1,613 

1,438 

1,051 

480 

421 

1,790 

1,200 

1,298 

1,326 

492 

457 

2,649 

738 

1,245 

1,451 

1,142 

3,398 

1,106 

2,467 

277 

288 

-    1,178 

410 

3,541 

1,677 

1,405 

1,957 

1,395 

593 

468 

615 

3,103 

1,066 

1,797 

523 

661 

20 

302 

Alleghanv 

109 

393 

51 

16 

310 

195 

122 

44 

71 

321 

116 

Caldwell 

373 

32 

70 

134 

593 

663 

118 

44 

Clay 

23 

531 

403 

98 

183 

4 

8 

160 

.     350 

874 

696 

953 

1,826 

1,015 

1,422 

192 

122 

862 

74 

2,389 

1,438 

1,162 

85 

1,369 

178 

468 

362 

2,602 

537 

1,867 

492 

486 

89 
456 
312 
252 
132 
340 
266 

70 

103 

481 

232 

242 

245 

417 

105 

129 

38 

189 
284 
407 
243 
457 
'30 

22 
151 

23 

48 
234 

63 
626 

22 
162 

133 

242 

Guilford         . 

389 

36 

580 

191 

30 

22 

Hoke           

23 

Hvde               -  - - 

21 

184 

201 

909 

26 

272 

Vote  on  Constitutional  Amendments. 


301 


Counties 

Amendment  to  Sec.  3, 

Art.  V:  For  Exemption 

from  Taxation  of 

Homestead  Notes 

Amendment  to  Sec.  3, 

Art.  IX:  To  Insure  a 

Six-months  School 

Term 

For 

Against 

For 

Against 

Lenoir . 

1,021 

1,162 
942 
318 
977 
255 

2,669 
181 
321 
474 
732 

1,088 
641 
434 
554 
231 
402 
563 
253 
345 

1,516 
428 
497 
870 

224 

127 

68 

14 

138 

11 

413 

23 

86 

196 

327 

33 

256 

168 

206 

125 

58 

87 

58 

102 

213 

57 

171 

104 

1,021 

1,177 

1,229 

837 

878 

587 

3,165 

654 

742 

1,028 

1,242 

1,159 

972 

698 

711 

373 

653 

869 

515 

653 

1,962 

813 

1,616 

1,542 

2,404 

2,372 

2,5U 

1,672 

1,335 

742 

1,425 

682 

1,491 

811 

557 

41S 

1,186 

1,072 

2,451 

704 

755 

486 

1,173 

1,960 

1,211 

590 

1,443 

224 
199 

Lincoln .  . 

Macon _  .  _ 

75 

80 

Madison .  . 

Martin .  _ 

210 

69 

157 

McDowell .  . 

Mecklenburg . 

Mitchell 

12 

Montgomery .  . 

156 

Moore      - 

266 

Nash _  ... 

164 

New  Hanover .... 

11 

58 

Onslow ..... 

122 

Orange _  _ 

224 

104 

Pasquotank ..... 

41 

Pencier .... 

57 

Perquimarjs .  . 

34 

Person _ 

131 

Pitt          

228 

Polk 

47 

Randolph .  _ 

168 

58 

1,937                     218 

194 

1,264 

1,627 

1,124 

754 

519 

277 

228 

827 

811 

163 

264 

1,166 

631 

2.174 

453 

576 

168 

1,122 

834 

639 

390 

613 

343 
302 
174 
411 

21 
195 

38 

339 

133 

4 

72 
424 
208 
914 
301 
126 
122 
574 
410 
451 
474 

38 

132 

Rowan . 

292 

345 

604 

Scotland .... 

21 

Stanly... 

3S7 

231 

593 

133 

Transvlvania__ 

9 

Tyrrell 

26 

Union ...... 

351 

Vance ..  . 

69 

Wake 

1,111 

Warren . 

226 

Washington . 

2:< 

Watauga 

1st 

Wayne.. 

104 

Wilkes 

614 

Wilson 

166 

Yadkin 

665 

Yancey 

30 

Totals 

79,946 

19,846 

122,062 

20,095 

PART  X. 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

In  Congress,  July  4,  1776. 

The  unanimous  Declaration  of  the  thirteen  united  States  of 

America. 

When  in  the  Course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for  one 
people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  connected  them 
with  another,  and  to  assume  among  the  Powers  of  the  earth,  the 
separate  and  equal  station  to  which  the  Laws  of  Nature  and  of  Na- 
ture's God  entitled  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  man- 
kind requires  that  they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them 
to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  all  men  are  created 
equal,  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalien- 
able Rights,  that  among  these  are  Life,  Liberty  and  the  pursuit  of 
Happiness.  That  to  secure  these  rights,  Governments  are  instituted 
among  Men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the 
governed,  That  whenever  any  Form  of  Government  becomes  destruc- 
tive of  these  ends,  it  is  the  Right  of  the  People  to  alter  or  to  abolish 
it,  and  to  institute  new  Government,  laying  its  foundation  on  such 
principles  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall 
seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  Safety  and  Happiness.  Prudence,  in- 
deed, will  dictate  that  Governments  long  established  should  not  be 
changed  for  light  and  transient  causes;  and  accordingly  all  experi- 
ence hath  shown,  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while 
evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms 
to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of  abuses  and 
usurpations,  pursuing  invariably  the  same  Object  evinces  a  design  to 
reduce  them  under  absolute  Despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  their 
duty,  to  throw  off  such  Government,  and  to  provide  new  Guards  for 
their  future  security.- — Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these 
Colonies;  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to 
alter  their  former  Systems  of  Government.  The  history  of  the  pres- 
ent King  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usur- 
pations, all  having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of  an  absolute 
Tyranny  over  these  States.  To  provide  this,  let  Facts  be  submitted 
to  a  candid  world. 
20 


306  Declaration  of  Independence. 

He  has  refused  his  Assent  to  Laws,  the  most  wholesome  and  neces- 
sary for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  Laws  of  immediate  and 
pressing  importance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation  till  his 
Assent  should  be  obtained;  and  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly 
neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  Laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large 
districts  of  people,  unless  those  people  would  relinquish  the  right  of 
Representation  in  the  Legislature,  a  right  inestimable  to  them  and 
formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncom- 
fortable, and  distant  from  the  depository  of  their  Public  Records,  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  meas- 
ures. 

He  has  dissolved  Representative  Houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing 
with  manly  firmness  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused  for  a  long  time,  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause 
others  to  be  elected;  whereby  the  Legislative  Powers,  incapable  of 
Annihilation,  have  returned  to  the  People  at  large  for  their  exercise; 
the  State  remaining  in  the  mean  time  exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of 
invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States;  for 
that  purpose  obstructing  the  Laws  for  Naturalization  of  Foreigners; 
refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  rais- 
ing the  conditions  of  new  Appropriations  of  Lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  Administration  of  Justice,  by  refusing  his 
Assent  to  Laws  for  establishing  Judiciary  Powers. 

He  has  made  Judges  dependent  on  his  Will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of 
their  offices,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  New  Offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms 
of  Officers  to  harass  our  People,  and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace.  Standing  Armies  without 
the  Consent  of  our  legislature. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  Military  independent  of  and  superior 
to  the  Civil  Power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign 
to  our  constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws;  giving  his 
Assent  to  their  acts  of  pretended  legislation: 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us: 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  Trial,  from  Punishment  for  any 


Declaration  of  Independence.  307 

Murders    which    they   should    commit   ou   the    Inhabitants    of   these 
States: 

For  cutting  off  of  Trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world: 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  Consent: 

For  depriving  us  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  Trial  by  Jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  Seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offenses: 

For  abolishing  the  free  System  of  English  Laws  in  a  neighbouring 
Province,  establishing  therein  an  Arbitrary  government,  and  enlarg- 
ing its  Boundaries  so  as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  in- 
strument for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  Colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  Charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  Laws, 
and  altering  fundamentally  the  Forms  of  our  Governments: 

For  suspending  our  own  Legislature,  and  declaring  themselves  in- 
vested with  Power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  Government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his 
Protection  and  waging  War  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  Coasts,  burnt  our  towns, 
and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercena- 
ries to  compleat  the  works  of  death,  desolation  and  tyranny,  already 
begun  with  circumstances  of  Cruelty  &  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in 
the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the  Head  of  a  civi- 
lized nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow  Citizens  taken  Captive  on  the  high 
Seas  to  bear  Arms  against  their  Country,  to  become  the  executioners 
of  their  friends  and  Brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  Hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  endeav- 
oured to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless 
Indian  Savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare,  is  an  undistinguished 
destruction  of  all  ages,  sexes  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  Oppressions  We  have  Petitioned  for  Re- 
dress in  the  most  humble  terms:  Our  repeated  Petitions  have  been 
answered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  Prince,  whose  character  is 
thus  marked  by  every  act  which  may  define  a  Tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be 
the  ruler  of  a  free  People. 

Nor  have  We  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our  British  brethren. 
We  have  warned  them  from  time  to  time  of  attempts  by  their  legis- 
lature to  extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We  have 
reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settle- 
ment here.     We  have  appealed   to  their  native  justice  and  magna- 


308  Declaration  of  Independence. 

nimity,  and  we  have  conjured  them  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kin- 
dred to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which,  would  inevitably  interrupt 
our  connections  and  correspondence.  They  too  have  been  deaf  to 
the  voice  of  justice  and  of  consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  ac- 
quiesce in  the  necessity,  which  denounces  our  Separation,  and  hold 
them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  Enemies  in  War,  in  Peace 
Friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
in  General  Congress,  Assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of 
the  world  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  Name,  and  by 
Authority  of  the  good  People  of  these  Colonies,  solemnly  publish 
and  declare,  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  Right  ought  to 
be  Free  and  Independent  States;  that  they  are  Absolved  from  all 
Allegiance  to  the  British  Crown,  and  that  all  political  connection 
between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain,  is  and  ought  to  be 
totally  dissolved;  and  that  as  Free  and  Independent  States,  they 
have  full  Power  to  levy  War,  conclude  Peace,  contract  Alliances, 
establish  Commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  Acts  and  Things  which  Inde- 
pendent States  may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  support  of  this  Decla- 
ration, with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  Protection  of  Divine  Providence, 
we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  Lives,  our  Fortunes  and  our 
sacred  Honor.  JOHN  HANCOCK. 

Ncio  Hampshire — Josiaii  Bartlett,  Wm.  Whipple,  Matthew 
Thornton. 

Massachusetts  Bay — Saml.  Adams,  John  Adams,  Robt.  Treat 
Paine,  Elbridge  Gerry. 

Rhode  Island — Step.  Hopkins,  William  Ellery. 

Connecticut — Roger  Sherman,  Sam'el  Huntington,  Wm.  Will- 
iams, Oliver  Wolcott. 

Neiv  York — Wm.  Floyd,  Phil.  Livingston,  Frans.  Lewis,  Lewis 
Morris. 

New  Jersey — Riciid.  Stockton,  Jxo.  Witherspoon,  Fras.  Hopkin- 
son,  John  Hart,  Abra.  Clark.  e 

Pennsylvania — Robt.  Morris,  Benjamin  Rush,  Benja.  Franklin. 
John  Morton,  Geo.  Clymer,  Jas.  Smith,  Geo.  Taylor,  James  Wilson, 
Geo.  Ross. 

Delaware — Cesar  Rodney,  Geo.  Read,  Tho.  M'Kean. 

Maryland — Samuel  Chase,  Wm.  Paca,  Thos.  Stone,  Charles  Car- 
roll of  Carrollton. 


Declaration  of  Independence.  309 

Virginia — George  Wythe,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Th.  Jefferson, 
Benja.  Harrison,  Thos.  Nelson,  jr.,  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  Carter 
Braxton. 

North  Carolina — Wm.  Hooper,  Joseph  Hewes,  John  Penn. 

South  Carolina — Edward  Rutledge,  Thos.  Heyward,  Junr., 
Thomas  Lynch,  Junr.,  Arthur  Middleton. 

Georgia — Button  Gwinxett,  Lyman  Hall,  Geo.  Walton.* 


*This  arrangement  of  the  names  is  made  for  convenience.     The  States  are  not 
mentioned  in  the  original. 


PART  XI. 


CONSTITUTIONS. 


1.  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

2.  Constitution  of  North  Carolina. 

3.  Index  to  the  Constitution  of  North 

Carolina. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA.* 

We  the  People  of  the  United  States,  in  Order  to  form  a  more  per- 
fect Union,  establish  Justice,  insure  domestic  Tranquillity,  provide 
for  the  common  defense,  promote  the  general  Welfare,  and  secure 
the  Blessings  of  Liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  Posterity,  do  ordain 
and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

Article  I. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  Powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested 
in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives. 

Section  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of 
Members  chosen  every  second  Year  by  the  People  of  the  several 
States,  and  the  Electors  in  each  State  shall  have  the  Qualifications 
requisite  for  Electors  of  the  most  numerous  Branch  of  the  State 
Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained 
to  the  Age  of  twenty-five  Years,  and  been  seven  Years  a  Citizen  of 
the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  Inhabi- 
tant of  that  State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  Taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the 
several  States  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according 
to  their  respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding 
to  the  whole  Number  of  free  Persons,  including  those  bound  to 
Service  for  a  Term  of  Years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three 
fifths  of  all  other  Persons.  The  actual  Enumeration  shall  be  made 
within  three  Years  after  the  first  Meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent  Term  of  ten  Years,  in 
such  Manner  as  they  shall  by  Law  direct.  The  number  of  Repre- 
sentatives shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  Thousand,  but  each 
State  shall  have  at  Least  one  Representative;  and  until  such  enum- 
eration shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled 
to  chuse  three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations  one,  Connecticut  five,  New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four, 
Pennsylvania  eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten,  North 
Carolina  five,  South  Carolina  five,  and  Georgia  three. 


*Reprmk'd  from  the  text  issued  by  the  State  Department. 


314  United  States  Constitution. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  Representation  from  any  State,  the 
Executive  Authority  thereof  shall  issue  Writs  of  Election  to  fill  such 
Vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  chuse  their  Speaker  and  other 
Officers;  and  shall  have  the  sole  Power  of  Impeachment. 

iSection  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of 
two  Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof,  for 
six  Years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  Vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  Consequence  of  the 
first  Election,  they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three 
Classes.  The  Seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  Class  shall  be  vacated 
at  the  Expiration  of  the  second  Year,  of  the  second  Class  at  the 
Expiration  of  the  fourth  Year,  and  of  the  third  Class  at  the  Expira- 
tion of  the  sixth  Year,  so  that  one  third  may  be  chosen  every  second 
Year;  and  if  Vacancies  happen  by  Resignation,  or  otherwise,  during 
the  Recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive  thereof 
may  make  temporary  Appointments  until  the  next  Meeting  of  the 
Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  Vacancies. 

No  Person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
Age  of  thirty  Years,  and  been  nine  Years  a  Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  Inhabitant  of  that 
State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the 
Senate,  but  shall  have  no  Vote,  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  chuse  their  other  Officers,  and  also  a  President 
pro  tempore,  in  the  Absence  of  the  Vice  President,  or  when  he  shall 
exercise  the  Office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  Power  to  try  all  Impeachments. 
When  sitting  for  that  Purpose,  they  shall  be  on  Oath  or  Affirmation. 
When  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  tried  the  Chief  Justice 
shall  preside:  And  no  Person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  Con- 
currence of  two  thirds  of  the  Members  present. 

Judgment  in  Cases  of  Impeachment  shall  not  extend  further  than 
to  removal  from  Office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any 
Office  of  honor,  Trust  or  Profit  under  the  United  States:  but  the 
Party  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  Indict- 
ment, Trial,  Judgment  and  Punishment,  according  to  law. 

Section  4.  The  Times,  Places  and  Manner  of  holding  Elections 
for  Senators  and  Representatives,  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  State 
by  the  Legislature  thereof;   but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by 


United  States  Constitution.  315 

Law  make  or  alter  such  Regulations,  except  as  to  the  Places  of 
chusing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  Year,  and  such 
Meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall 
by  Law  appoint  a  different  Day. 

Section  5.  Each  House  shall  be  the  Judge  of  the  Elections,  Re- 
turns and  Qualifications  of  its  own  Members,  and  a  Majority  of  each 
shall  constitute  a  Quorum  to  do  Business;  but  a  smaller  Number 
may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the 
Attendance  of  absent  Members,  in  such  Manner,  and  under  such 
Penalties  as  each  House  may  provide. 

Each  House  may  determine  the  Rules  of  its  Proceedings,  Punish 
its  Members  for  disorderly  Behaviour,  and,  with  the  Concurrence  of 
two  thirds,  expel  a  member. 

Each  House  shall  keep  a  Journal  of  its  Proceedings,  and  from  time 
to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  Parts  as  may  in  their  Judg- 
ment require  Secrecy;  and  the  Yeas  and  Nays  of  the  Members  of 
either  House  on  any  question  shall,  at  the  Desire  of  one  fifth  of  those 
Present,  be  entered  on  the  Journal. 

Neither  House,  during  the  Session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the 
Consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any 
other  Place  than  that  in  which  the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Section  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  Com- 
pensation for  their  Services,  to  be  ascertained  by  Law,  and  paid  out 
of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States.  They  shall  in  all  Cases,  ex- 
cept Treason,  Felony  and  Breach  of  the  Peace,  be  privileged  from 
Arrest  during  their  Attendance  at  the  Session  of  their  respective 
Houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any 
Speech  or  Debate  in  either  House,  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in 
any  other  Place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  Time  for  which  he 
was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  Office  under  the  Authority  of 
the  United  States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  Emoluments 
whereof  shall  have  been  encreased  during  such  time;  and  no  Person 
holding  any  Office  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  a  Member  of 
either  House  during  his  Continuance  in  Office. 

Section  7.  All  Bills  for  raising  Revenue  shall  originate  in  the 
House  of  Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur 
with  Amendments  as  on  other  Bills. 


316  United  States  Constitution. 

Every  Bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  the  Senate,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  Law,  be  presented  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States;  If  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it,  but 
if  not  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  Objections,  to  that  House  in  which 
it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  Objections  at  large  on 
their  Journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such  Reconsid- 
eration two  thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the  Bill,  it  shall 
be  sent,  together  with  the  Objections,  to  the  other  House,  by  which 
it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if  approved  by  two  thirds  of 
that  House,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all  such  Cases  the  Votes 
of  both  Houses  shall  be  determined  by  Yeas  and  Nays,  and  the 
Names  of  the  Persons  voting  for  and  against  the  Bill  shall  be  entered 
on  the  Journal  of  each  House  respectively.  If  any  Bill  shall  not  be 
returned  by  the  President  within  ten  Days  (Sundays  excepted)  after 
it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  Law,  in  like 
manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress  by  their  Adjourn- 
ment prevent  its  Return,  in  which  Case  it  shall  not  be  a  Law. 

Every  Order,  Resolution,  or  Vote  to  which  the  Concurrence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on 
a  question  of  Adjournment)  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States;  and  before  the  Same  shall  take  Effect,  shall  be  ap- 
proved by  him,  or  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by 
two  thirds  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to 
the  Rules  and  Limitations  prescribed  in  the  Case  of  a  Bill. 

Section  8.  The  Congress  shall  have  Power  To  lay  and  collect 
Taxes,  Duties,  Imports  and  Excises,  to  pay  the  Debts  and  provide  for 
the  common  Defence  and  general  Welfare  of  the  United  States;  but 
all  Duties,  Imposts  and  Excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the 
United  States; 

To  borrow  Money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States; 

To  regulate  Commerce  with  foreign  Nations,  and  among  the  sev- 
eral States,  and  with  the  Indian  Tribes; 

To  establish  an  uniform  Rule  of  Naturalization,  and  uniform  Laws 
on  the  subject  of  Bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States; 

To  coin  Money,  regulate  the  Value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  Coin, 
and  fix  the  Standard  of  Weights  and  Measures; 

To  provide  for  the  Punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and 
current  Coin  of  the  United  States; 

To  establish  Post  Offices  and  post  Roads; 


United  States  Constitution.  317 

To  promote  the  Progress  of  Science  and  useful  Arts,  by  securing 
for  limited  Times  to  Authors  and  Inventors  the  exclusive  Right  to 
their  respective  Writings  and  Discoveries; 

To  constitute  Tribunals  inferior  to  the  supreme  Court; 

To  define  and  punish  Piracies  and  Felonies  committed  on  the  high 
Seas,  and  Offences  against  the  Law  of  Nations; 

To  declare  War,  giant  Letters  of  Marque  and  Reprisal,  and  make 
Rules  concerning  Captures  on  Land  and  Water; 

To  raise  and  support  Armies,  but  no  Appropriation  of  Money  to 
that  Use  shall  be  for  a  longer  Term  than  two  Years; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  Navy; 

To  make  Rules  for  the  Government  and  Regulation  of  the  land  and 
naval  Forces; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  Militia  to  execute  the  Laws  of  the 
Union,  suppress  Insurrections  and  repel  Invasions; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining,  the  Militia, 
and  for  governing  such  Part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the 
Service  of  the  United  States,  reserving  to  the  States  respectively, 
the  Appointment  of  the  Officers,  and  the  Authority  of  training  the 
Militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress; 

To  exercise  exclusive  Legislation  in  all  Cases  whatsoever,  over 
such  District  (not  exceeding  ten  Miles  square)  as  may,  by  Cession  of 
particular  States,  and  the  Acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  Seat 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  Author- 
ity over  all  Places  purchased  by  the  Consent  of  the  Legislature  of 
the  State  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  Erection  of  Forts, 
Magazines,  Arsenals,  dock- Yards,  and  other  needful  Buildings; — And 

To  make  all  Laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carry- 
ing into  Execution  the  foregoing  Powers,  and  all  other  Powers  vested 
by  this  Constitution  in  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
any  Department  or  Officer  thereof. 

Section  9.  The  Migration  or  Importation  of  such  Persons  as  any 
of  the  States  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be 
prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  Year  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eight,  but  a  Tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  Im- 
portation, not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  Person. 

The  Privilege  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  shall  not  be  suspended, 
unless  when  in  Cases  of  Rebellion  or  Invasion  the  public  Safety  may 
require  it. 

No  Bill  of  Attainder  or  ex  post  facto  Law  shall  be  passed. 


318  United  States  Constitution. 

No  Capitation,  or  other  direct,  Tax,  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  Pro- 
portion to  the  Census  or  Enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be 
taken. 

No  Tax  or  Duty  shall  be  laid  on  Articles  exported  from  any  State. 

No  Preference  shall  be  given  by  any  Regulation  of  Commerce  or 
Revenue  to  the  Forts  of  one  State  over  those  of  another:  nor  shall 
Vessels  bound  to,  or  from,  one  State,  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or 
pay  Duties  in  another. 

No  Money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury,  but  in  Consequence 
of  Appropriations  made  by  Law;  and  a  regular  Statement  and  Ac- 
count of  the  Receipts  and  Expenditures  of  all  public  Money  shall  be 
published  from  time  to  time. 

No  Title  of  Nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States:  and  no 
Persons  holding  any  Office  of  Profit  or  Trust  under  them,  shall,  with- 
out the  Consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  Emolument, 
Office,  or  Title,  of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  King,  Prince  or  for- 
eign State. 

Section  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  Treaty,  Alliance,  or 
Confederation;  grant  Letters  of  Marque  and  Reprisal;  coin  Money; 
emit  Bills  of  Credit;  make  any  thing  but  gold  and  silver  Coin  a 
Tender  in  Payment  of  Debts;  pass  any  Bill  of  Attainder  ex  post  facto 
Law  or  Law  impairing  the  Obligation  of  Contracts,  or  grant  any 
Title  of  Nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  Consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  Im- 
posts or  Duties  on  Imports  or  Exports  except  what  may  be  absolutely 
necessary  for  executing  its  inspection  Laws;  and  the  net  Produce 
of  all  Duties  and  Imposts,  laid  by  any  State  on  Imports  or  Exports, 
shall  be  for  the  Use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States;  and  all 
such  Laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  Revision  and  Control  of  the  Con- 
gress. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  Consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  Duty  of 
Tonnage,  keep  Troops,  or  Ships  of  War  in  time  of  Peace,  enter  into 
any  Agreement  or  Compact  with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign 
Power,  or  engage  in  War,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  immi- 
nent Danger  as  will  not  admit  of  Delay. 

Article  II. 

Section  1.  The  executive  Power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of 
the  United  States  of  America.     He  shall  hold  his  Office  during  the 


United  States  Constitution.  319 

Term  of  four  Years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice  President,  chosen 
for  the  same  Term,  be  elected,  as  follows: 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  Manner  as  the  Legislature  there- 
of may  direct,  a  Number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  Number  of 
Senators  and  Representatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in 
the  Congress:  but  no  Senator  or  Representative,  or  Person  holding 
an  Office  of  Trust  or  Profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  ap- 
pointed an  Elector. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by 
Ballot  for  two  Persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  Inhab- 
itant of  the  same  State  with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  List 
of  all  the  Persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  Number  of  Votes  for  each; 
which  List  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the 
Seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the  Senate,  shall,  in  the 
Presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the 
Certificates,  and  the  Votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  Person  hav- 
ing the  greatest  Number  of  Votes  shall  be  the  President,  if  such 
Number  be  a  Majority  of  the  whole  Number  of  Electors  appointed; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  Majority,  and  have  an 
equal  Number  of  Votes,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall 
immediately  chuse  by  Ballot  one  of  them  for  President;  and  if  no 
Person  have  a  Majority,  then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  List  the 
said  House  shall  in  like  Manner  chuse  the  President.  But  in  chusing 
the  President,  the  Votes  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  Representation 
from  each  State  having  one  Vote;  A  quorum  for  this  Purpose  shall 
consist  of  a  Member  or  Members  from  two  thirds  of  the  States,  and 
a  Majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  Choice.  In  every 
Case,  after  the  Choice  of  the  President,  the  Person  having  the  great- 
est Number  of  Votes  of  the  Electors  shall  be  the  Vice  President.  But 
if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  Votes,  the  Senate 
shall  chuse  from  them  by  Ballot  the  Vice  President. 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  Time  of  chusing  the  Electors, 
and  the  Day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  Votes;  which  Day  shall 
be  the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 

No  Person  except  a  natural  born  Citizen,  or  a  Citizen  of  the 
United  States,  at  the  time  of  the  Adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall 
be  eligible  to  the  Office  of  President;  neither  shall  any  Person  be 
eligible  to   that  Office  who   shall   not  have  attained  to  the  Age  of 


320  United  States  Constitution. 

thirty-five   Years,  and  been  fourteen  Years  a  Resident  within  the 
United  States. 

In  Case  of  the  Removal  of  the  President  from  Office,  or  of  his 
Death,  Resignation,  or  Inability  to  discharge  the  Powers  and  Duties 
of  the  said  Office,  the  Same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice  President, 
and  the  Congress  may  by  Law  provide  for  the  Case  of  Removal, 
Death,  Resignation  or  Inability,  both  of  the  President  and  Vice 
President,  declaring  what  Officer  shall  then  act  as  President  and 
such  Officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  Disability  be  removed, 
or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall  at  stated  Times,  receive  for  his  Services,  a 
Compensation,  which  shall  neither  be  Increased  nor  diminished  dur- 
ing the  Period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not 
receive  within  that  Period  any  other  Emolument  from  the  United 
States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the  Execution  of  his  Office,  he  shall  take  the 
following  Oath  or  Affirmation:  — 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the 
Office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will  to  the  best  of  my 
Ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States." 

Section  2.  The  President  shall  be  Commander  in  Chief  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  Militia  of  the  sev- 
eral States,  when  called  into  the  actual  Service  of  the  United  States; 
he  may  require  the  Opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  Officer  in 
each  of  the  executive  Departments,  upon  any  Subject  relating  to  the 
Duties  of  their  respective  Offices,  and  he  shall  have  Power  to  grant 
Reprieves  and  Pardons  for  Offences  against  the  United  States,  except 
in  Cases  of  Impeachment. 

He  shall  have  Power,  by  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of  the 
Senate,  to  make  Treaties,  provided  two  thirds  of  the  Senators  present 
concur;  and  he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  Advice  and 
Consent  of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint  Ambassadors,  other  public  Min- 
isters and  Consuls,  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other 
Officers  of  the  United  States,  whose  Appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by  Law;  but 
the  Congress  may  by  Law  vest  the  Appointment  of  such  inferior 
Officers,  as  they  think  proper,  in  the  President  alone,  in  the  Courts 
of  Law,  or  in  the  Heads  of  Departments. 

The  President  shall  have  Power  to  fill  up  all  Vacancies  that  may 


United  States  Constitution.  321 

happen  during  the  Recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  Commissions 
which  shall  expire  at  the  End  of  their  next  Session. 

Section.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  Infor- 
mation of  the  State  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  Consider- 
ation such  Measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he 
may,  on  extraordinary  Occasions,  convene  both  Houses,  or  either 
of  them,  and  in  Case  of  Disagreement  between  them,  with  Respect  to 
the  Time  of  Adjournment,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  Time  as  he 
shall  think  proper;  he  shall  receive  Ambassadors  and  other  public 
Ministers;  he  shall  take  Care  that  the  Laws  be  faithfully  executed, 
and  shall  Commission  all  the  Officers  of  the  United  States. 

Section.  4.  The  President,  Vice-president  and  all  civil  Officers  of 
the  United  States,  shall  be  removed  from  Office  on  Impeachment  for, 
and  Conviction  of,  Treason,  Bribery,  or  other  high  Crimes  and  Mis- 
demeanors. 

Article.  III. 

Section.  1.  The  judicial  Power  of  the  United  States,  shall  be 
vested  in  one  supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  Courts  as  the 
Congress  may  from  time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges, 
both  of  the  supreme  and  inferior  Courts,  shall  hold  their  Offices  dur- 
ing good  Behaviour,  and  shall,  at  stated  Times,  receive  for  their 
Services,  a  Compensation,  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during 
their  continuance  in  Office. 

Section.  2.  The  judicial  Power  shall  extend  to  all  Cases,  in  Law 
and  Equity,  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  Laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  Au- 
thority;— to  all  Cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers 
and  Consuls; — to  all  Cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  Jurisdiction; 
— to  Controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  Party; — to 
Controversies  between  two  or  more  States; — 'between  a  State  and 
Citizens  of  another  State; — between  Citizens  of  different  States, — 
between  Citizens  of  the  same  State  claiming  Lands  under  Grants  of 
different  States,  and  between  a  State,  or  the  Citizens  thereof,  and 
foreign  States,  Citizens,  or  Subjects. 

In  all  Cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers  and 
Consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  Party,  the  supreme 
Court  shall  have  original  Jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  Cases  before 
mentioned  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  appellate  Jurisdiction,  both 
as  to  Law  and  Fact,  with  such  Exceptions,  and  under  such  regula- 
tions as  the  Congress  shall  make. 
21 


322  United  States  Constitution. 

The  Trial  of  all  Crimes,  except  in  Cases  of  Impeachment,  shall  be 
by  Jury;  and  such  Trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State  where  the  said 
Crimes  shall  have  been  committed;  but  when  not  committed  within 
any  State,  the  Trial  shall  be  at  such  Place  or  Places  as  the  Congress 
may  by  Law  have  directed. 

Section.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States,  shall  consist  only 
in  levying  War  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  Enemies,  giving 
them  Aid  and  Comfort.  No  Person  shall  be  convicted  of  Treason 
unless  on  the  Testimony  of  two  Witnesses  to  the  same  overt  Act,  or 
on  Confession  in  open  Court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  Power  to  declare  the  Punishment  of 
Treason,  but  no  Attainder  of  Treason  shall  work  Corruption  of 
Blood  or  Forfeiture  except  during  the  Life  of  the  Person  attainted. 

AlM'lOLE.   IV. 

Section.  1.  Pull  Faith  and  Credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to 
the  public  Acts,  Records,  and  judicial  Proceedings  of  every  other 
State.  And  the  Congress  may  by  general  Laws  prescribe  the  Man- 
ner in  which  such  Acts,  Records  and  Proceedings  shall  be  proved, 
and  the  effect  thereof. 

Section.  2.  The  Citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  Priv- 
ileges and  Immunities  of  Citizens  in  the  several  States. 

A  Person  charged  in  any  State  with  Treason,  Felony,  or  other 
Crime,  who  shall  flee  from  Justice,  and  be  found  in  another  State 
shall  on  Demand  of  the  executive  Authority  of  the  State  from  which 
he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to  the  State  having  Jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Crime. 

No  Person  held  to  Service  or  Labour  in  one  State,  under  the  Laws 
thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  Law,  or 
Regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such  Service  or  Labour,  but 
shall  be  delivered  up  on  Claim  of  the  Party  to  whom  such  Service  or 
Labour  may  be  due. 

Section.  3.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this 
Union;  but  no  new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the 
Jurisdiction  of  any  other  State;  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the 
Junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  Parts  of  States,  without  the  Con- 
sent of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned  as  well  as  of  the 
Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  Power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  need- 
ful Rules  and  Regulations  respecting  the  Territory  or  other  Property 


United  States  Constitution.  323 

belonging  to  the  United  States;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall 
be  so  construed  as  to  Prejudice  any  Claims  of  the  United  States,  or 
of  any  particular  State. 

Section.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in 
this  Union  a  Republican  Form  of  Government,  and  shall  protect  each 
of  them  against  Invasion;  and  on  Application  of  the  Legislature,  or 
of  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  cannot  be  convened)  against 
domestic  Violence. 

Article.  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two  thirds  of  both  Houses  shall  deem  it 
necessary,  shall  propose  Amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the 
Application  of  the  Legislature  of  two  thirds  of  the  several  States, 
shall  call  a  Convention  for  proposing  Amendments,  which,  in  either 
case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  Intents  and  Purposes  as  part  of  this  Con- 
stitution, when  ratified  by  the  Legislature  of  three  fourths  of  the 
several  States,  or  by  Conventions  in  three  fourths  thereof,  as  the  one 
or  the. other  Mode  of  Ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress; 
Provided  that  no  Amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  Year 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any  Manner  affect 
the  first  and  fourth  Clauses  in  the  Ninth  Section  of  the  first  Article; 
and  that  no  State,  without  its  Consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal 
Suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

Article.  VI. 

All  Debts  contracted  and  Engagements  entered  into,  before  the 
Adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United 
States  under  this  Constitution,  as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  Laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall 
be  made  in  Pursuance  thereof;  and  all  Treaties  made,  or  which  shall 
be  made,  under  the  Authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the 
supreme  Law  of  the  land;  and  the  Judges  in  every  State  shall  be 
bound  thereby,  any  thing  in  the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  State 
to  the  Contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  Mem- 
bers of  the  several  State  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial 
Officers,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall 
be  bound  by  Oath  or  Affirmation,  to  support  this  Constitution;  but 
no  religious  Test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a  Qualification  to  any 
Office  or  public  Trust  under  the  United  States. 


324  United  States  Constitution. 

Akticle.  VII. 

The  Ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States,  shall  be  suf- 
ficient for  the  Establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  States 
so  ratifying  the  Same. 

THE  AMENDMENTS. 

I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  re- 
ligion, or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof,  or  abridging  the  free- 
dom of  speech,  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably 
to  assemble,  and  to  petition  the  Government  for  a  redress  of  griev- 
ances. 

II. 

A  well-regulated  Militia,  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free 
State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  Arms,  shall  not  be 
infringed. 

III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace  be  quartered  in  any  house,  with- 
out the  consent  of  the  Owner,  nor  in  time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to 
be  prescribed  by  law. 

IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses, 
papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall 
not  be  violated,  and  no  Warrants  shall  issue,  but  upon  probable 
cause,  supported  by  Oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing 
the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 


No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital,  or  otherwise  in- 
famous crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  Grand 
Jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the 
Militia,  when  in  actual  service  in  time  of  War  or  public  danger;  nor 
shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  offence  to  be  twice  put  in 
jeopardy  of  life  or  limb;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  Criminal 
Case  to  be  witness  against  himself,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty, 
or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  property 
be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 


United  States  Constitution.  325 

VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a 
speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall 
have  been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the 
nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation;  to  be  confronted  with  the  wit- 
nesses against  him;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  Wit- 
nesses in  his  favor,  and  to  have  the  Assistance  of  Counsel  for  his  de- 
fence. 

VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  ex- 
ceed twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and 
no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  reexamined  in  any  Court 
of  the  United  States,  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed, 
nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not 
be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution 
nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respec- 
tively, or  to  the  people. 

XI. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to 
extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced  or  prosecuted  against 
one  of  the  United  States  by  Citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  Citizens 
or  Subjects  of  any  Foreign  State. 

XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  vote  by 
ballot  for  President  and  Vice  President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall 
not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  themselves;  they  shall 
name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  President,  and  in  (lis- 


326  United  States  Constitution. 

tinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  they  shall 
make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all 
persons  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for 
each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to 
the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United    States,   directed  to  the 
President  of  the  Senate;— The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the 
certificates  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted; — The  person  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President,  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  ap- 
pointed;  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  per- 
sons having  the  highest  numbers  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of 
those  voted    for   as  President,   the   House   of   Representatives   shall 
choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the  President.     But  in  choosing  the 
President,  the  vote  shall  be  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from 
each  state  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist 
of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  ma- 
jority of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.     And  if  the 
House  of  Representatives   shall    not   choose   a   President   whenever 
the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day 
of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall  act  as  Presi- 
dent, as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of 
the  President.     The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  voles  as 
Vice-President,    shall   be  Vice-President,   if   such   number  be   a   ma- 
jority of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person 
have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the 
Senate  shall   choose  the  Vice-President;   a  quorum  for  the  purpose 
shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  senators,  and  a 
majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.     But 
no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall 
be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a 
punishment  for  crime  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  con- 
victed, shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to 
their  jurisdiction. 

Section  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by 
appropriate  legislation. 


United  States  Constitution.  327 


XIV. 


Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States, 
and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No  State  shall  make 
or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities 
of  citizens  of  the  United  States:  nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any  per- 
son of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor 
deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of 
the  laws. 

Sfxtion  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
states  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole 
number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed.  But 
when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for 
President  and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives 
in  Congress,  the  Executive  and  Judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the 
members  of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  in- 
habitants of  such  State,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation 
in  rebellion,  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation  therein  shall 
be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of  such  male  citi- 
zens shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one 
years  of  age  in  such  State. 

Sectiox  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Con- 
gress, or  elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office, 
civil  or  military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State,  who 
having  previously  taken  an  oath,  as  a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an 
officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State  legislature 
or  as  an  executive  or  judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection 
or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies 
thereof.  But  Congress  may  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  House 
remove  such  disability. 

Section  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States, 
authorized  by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions 
and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion, 
shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  State 
shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insur- 
section  or  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the 
loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave;  but  all  such  debts,  obligations  and 
claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 


328  United  States  Constitution. 

Section  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appro- 
priate legislation,  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall 
not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on 
account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Section  2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article 
by  appropriate  legislation. 

XVI. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes  on  incomes, 
from  whatever  source  derived,  without  apportionment  among  the 
several  States,  and  without  regard  to  any  census  or  enumeration. 

XVII. 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators 
from  each  State,  elected  by  the  people  thereof,  for  six  years;  and 
each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote.  The  electors  in  each  State  shall 
have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous 
branch  of  the  State  Legislatures. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  of  any  State  in  the 
Senate,  the  executive  authority  of  such  State  shall  issue  writs  of 
election  to  fill  such  vacancies:  Provided,  That  the  Legislature  of 
any  State  may  empower  the  executive  thereof  to  make  temporary 
appointments  until  the  people  fill  the  vacancies  by  election  as  the 
Legislature  may  direct. 

ratification  of  the  constitution. 

The  Constitution  was  ratified  by  the  thirteen  original  States  in  the 
following  order: 

Delaware,  December  7,  1787;  Pennsylvania,  December  12,  1787; 
New  Jersey,  December  18,  17S7;  Georgia,  January  2,  17SS;  Connecti- 
cut, January  9,  1788;  Massachusetts,  February  6,  1788;  Maryland, 
April  28,  1788;  South  Carolina,  May  23,  1788;  New  Hampshire,  June 
21,  1788;  Virginia,  June  25,  1788;  New  York,  July  26,  1788;  North 
Carolina,  November  21,  1789;    Rhode  Island,  May  29,  1790. 


State  Constitution.  329 

ratification  of  the  amendments 

The  First  to  Tenth,  inclusive,  were  declared  in  force  December  15, 
1781;  the  Eleventh,  January  8,  1798;  the  Twelfth,  September  25, 
1804;  the  Thirteenth  was  proclaimed  December  18,  1865;  the  Four- 
teenth, July  28,  186S;  the  Fifteenth,  March  30,  1870;  the  Sixteenth, 
February  25.  1913;   the  Seventeenth,  May  30,  1913. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

PREAMBLE. 

We,  the  people  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  grateful  to  Al- 
mighty God,  the  Sovereign  Ruler  of  Nations,  for  the  preservation  of 
the  American  Union,  and  the  existence  of  our  civil,  political  and  re- 
ligious liberties,  and  acknowledging  our  dependence  upon  Him  for 
the  continuance  of  those  blessings  to  us  and  our  posterity,  do  for 
the  more  certain  security  thereof,  and  for  the  better  government  of 
this  State,  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution. 

ARTICLE  I. 

DECLARATION    OF   RIGHTS. 

That  the  great,  general  and  essential  principles  of  liberty  and  free 
government  may  be  recognized  and  established,  and  that  the  rela- 
tions of  this  State  to  the  Union  and  Government  of  the  United  States, 
and  those  of  the  people  of  this  State  to  the  rest  of  the  American 
people,  may  be  defined  and  affirmed,  we  do  declare: 

Section  1.  That  we  hold  it  to  be  self-evident  that  all  men  are 
created  equal;  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain 
inalienable  rights;  that  among  these  are  life,  liberty,  the  enjoyment 
of  the  fruits  of  their  own  labor,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness. 

Sec.  2.  That  all  political  power  is  vested  in,  and  derived  from,  the 
people;  all  government  of  right  originates  from  the  people,  is  founded 
upon  their  will  only,  and  is  instituted  solely  for  the  good  of  the 
whole. 


330  State  Constitution. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  people  of  this  State  have  the  inherent,  sole,  and 
exclusive  right  of  regulating  the  internal  government  and  police 
thereof,  and  of  altering  and  abolishing  their  Constitution  and  form 
of  government  whenever  it  may  be  necessary  for  their  safety  and 
happiness;  but  every  such  right  should  be  exercised  in  pursuance  of 
law,  and  consistently  with  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  That  this  State  shall  ever  remain  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Union;  that  the  people  thereof  are  a  part  of  the  American 
nation;  that  there  is  no  right  on  the  part  of  the  State  to  secede,  and 
that  all  attempts,  from  whatever  source  or  upon  whatever  pretext, 
to  dissolve  said  Union,  or  to  sever  said  nation,  ought  to  be  resisted 
with  the  whole  power  of  the  State. 

Sec.  5.  That  every  citizen  of  this  State  owes  paramount  allegiance 
to  the  Constitution  and  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  that 
no  law  or  ordinance  of  the  State  in  contravention  or  subversion 
thereof  can  have  any  binding  force. 

Sec.  6.  The  State  shall  never  assume  or  pay,  or  authorize  the  col- 
lection of  any  debt  or  obligation,  express  or  implied,  incurred  in  aid 
of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim 
for  the  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave;  nor  shall  the  General 
Assembly  assume  or  pay,  or  authorize  the  collection  of  any  tax  to 
pay,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  expressed  or  implied,  any  debt  or 
bond  incurred,  or  issued,  by  authority  of  the  Convention  of  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  nor  any  debt  or 
bond  incurred  or  issued  by  the  Legislature  of  the  year  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  at  its  special  session  of  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  or  at  its  regular  sessions 
of  the  years  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight  and  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-nine  and  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  seventy,  except  the  bonds  issued  to  fund  the  interest  on  the 
old  debt  of  the  State,  unless  the  proposing  to  pay  the  same  shall 
have  first  been  submitted  to  the  people  and  by  them  ratified  by  the 
vote  of  a  majority  of  all  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State,  at  a  regular 
election  held  for  that  purpose. 

Sec.  7.  No  man  or  set  of  men  are  entitled  to  exclusive  or  separate 
emoluments  or  privileges  from  the  community  but  in  consideration 
of  public  services. 

Sec  8.  The  legislative,  executive,  and  supreme  judicial  powers  of 
the  government  ought  to  be  forever  separate  and  distinct  from  each 
other. 


State  Constitution.  331 

Sec.  9.  All  power  of  suspending  laws,  or  the  execution  of  laws,  by 
any  authority,  without  the  consent  of  the  representatives  of  the 
people,  is  injurious  to  their  rights,  and  ought  not  to  be  exercised. 

Sec.  10.     All  elections  ought  to  be  free. 

Sec.  11.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  every  man  has  the  right  to 
be  informed  of  the  accusation  against  him  and  to  confront  the  ac- 
cusers and  witnesses  with  other  testimony,  and  to  have  counsel  for 
his  defense,  and  not  to  be  compelled  to  give  evidence  against  himself 
or  to  pay  costs,  jail  fees,  or  necessary  witness  fees  of  the  defense, 
unless  found  guilty. 

Sec.  12.  No  person  shall  be  put  to  answer  any.criminal  charge, 
except  as  hereinafter  allowed,  but  by  indictment,  presentment,  or 
impeachment. 

Sec.  13.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  any  crime  but  by  the 
unanimous  verdict  of  a  jury  of  good  and  lawful  men  in  open  court. 
The  Legislature  may,  however,  provide  other  means  of  trial  for  petty 
misdemeanors,  with  the  right  of  appeal. 

Sec.  14.  Excessive  bail  should  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines 
imposed,  nor  cruel  or  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Sec.  15.  General  warrants,  whereby  any  officer  or  messenger  may 
be  commanded  to  search  suspected  places,  without  evidence  of  the 
act  committed,  or  to  seize  any  person  or  persons  not  named,  whose 
offense  is  not  particularly  described  and  supported  by  evidence,  are 
dangerous  to  liberty  and  ought  not  to  be  granted. 

Sec.  16.  There  shall  be  no  imprisonment  for  debt  in  this  State, 
except  in  cases  of  fraud. 

Sec.  17.  No  person  ought  to  be  taken,  imprisoned,  or  disseized  of 
his  freehold,  liberties  or  privileges,  or  outlawed  or  exiled,  or  in  any 
manner  deprived  of  his  life,  liberty,  or  property,  but  by  the  law  of 
the  land. 

Sec.  18.  Every  person  restrained  of  his  liberty  is  entitled  to  a 
remedy  to  inquire  into  the  lawfulness  thereof,  and  to  remove  the 
same,  if  unlawful;  and  such  remedy  ought  not  to  be  denied  or 
delayed. 

Sec.  19.  In  all  controversies  at  law  respecting  property,  the 
ancient  mode  of  trial  by  jury  is  one  of  the  best  securities  of  the  rights 
of  the  people,  and  ought  to  remain  sacred  and  inviolable. 

Sec.  20.  The  freedom  of  the  press  is  one  of  the  great  bulwarks  of 
liberty,  and  therefore  ought  never  to  be  restrained,  but  every  indi- 
vidual shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  abuse  of  the  same. 


332  State  Constitution. 

Sec.  21.  The  privileges  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  he 
suspended. 

Sec.  22.  As  political  rights  and  privileges  are  not  dependent  upon, 
or  modified,  hy  property,  therefore  no  property  qualification  ought  to 
affect  the  right  to  vote  or  hold  office. 

Sec.  23.  The  people  of  the  State  ought  not  to  be  taxed,  or  made 
subject  to  the  payment  of  any  impost  or  duty,  without  the  consent 
of  themselves,  or  their  representatives  in  General  Assembly,  freely 
given. 

Sec.  24.  A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of 
a  free  State,  the  light  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not 
be  infringed;  and,  as  standing  armies  in  time  of  peace  are  dangerous 
to  liberty,  they  ought  not  to  be  kept  up,  and  the  military  should  be 
kept  under  strict  subordination  to,  and  governed  by,  the  civil  power. 
Nothing  herein  contained  shall  justify  the  practice  of  carrying  con- 
cealed weapons,  or  prevent  the  Legislature  from  enacting  penal  stat- 
utes against  said  practice. 

Sec.  25.  The  people  have  a  right  to  assemble  together  to  consult 
for  their  common  good,  to  instruct  their  representatives,  and  to 
apply  to  the  Legislature  for  redress  of  grievances.  But  secret  politi- 
cal societies  are  dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  a  free  people,  and 
should  not  be  tolerated. 

Sec.  26.  All  men  have  a  natural  and  inalienable  right  to  worship 
Almighty  God  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  own  consciences, 
and  no  human  authority  should,  in  any  case  whatever,  control  or 
interfere  with  the  rights  of  conscience. 

Sec.  27.  The  people  have  the  right  to  the  privilege  of  education, 
and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  State  to  guard  and  maintain  that  right. 

Sec.  28.  For  redress  of  grievances,  and  for  amending  and  strength- 
ening the  laws,  elections  should  be  often  held. 

Sec.  29.  A  frequent  recurrence  to  fundamental  principles  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  preserve  the  blessings  of  liberty. 

Sec.  30.  No  hereditary  emoluments,  privileges,  or  honors  ought  to 
be  granted  or  conferred  in  this  State. 

Sec.  31.  Perpetuities  and  monopolies  are  contrary  to  the  genius  of 
a  free  State,  and  ought  not  to  be  allowed. 

Sec.  32.  Retrospective  laws,  punishing  acts  committed  before  the 
existence  of  such  laws,  and  by  them  only  declared  criminal  are  op- 
pressive, unjust,  and  incompatible  with  liberty;  wherefore  no  ex 
post  facto  law  ought  to  be  made.  No  law  taxing  retrospectively 
sales,  purchases,  or  other  acts  previously  done,  ought  to  be  passed. 


State  Constitution.  333 

Sec.  33.  Slavery  and  involuntary  servitude,  otherwise  than  for 
crime,  whereof  the  parties  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  be 
and  are  hereby  forever  prohibited  within  the  State. 

Sec.  34.  The  limits  and  boundaries  of  the  State  shall  be  and  re- 
main as  they  now  are. 

Sec.  35.  All  courts  shall  be  open;  and  every  person  for  an  injury 
done  him  in  his  lands,  goods,  persons,  or  reputation  shall  have 
remedy  by  due  course  of  law,  and  rights  and  justice  administered 
without  sale,  denial,  or  delay. 

Sec  36.  No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any 
house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner;  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in 
a  manner  prescribed  by  the  law. 

Sec  37.  This  enumeration  of  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  im- 
pair or  deny  others  retained  by  the  people;  and  all  powers  not  herein 
delegated  remain  with  the  people. 

ARTICLE  II. 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  legislative  authority  shall  be  vested  in  two  dis- 
tinct branches  both  dependent  on  the  people,  to  wit,  a  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives. 

Sec  2.  The  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  shall  meet  bien- 
nially on  the  first  Wednesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  January  next 
after  their  election;  and,  when  assembled,  shall  be  denominated  the 
General  Assembly.  Neither  house  shall  proceed  upon  public  busi- 
ness unless  a  majority  of  all  the  members  are  actually  present. 

Sec  3.  The  Senate  shall  be  composed  of  fifty  Senators,  biennially 
chosen  by  ballot. 

Sec  4.  The  Senate  Districts  shall  be  so  altered  by  the  General 
Assembly,  at  the  first  session  after  the  return  of  every  enumeration 
by  order  of  Congress  that  each  Senate  District  shall  contain,  as 
near  as  may  be,  an  equal  number  of  inhabitants,  excluding  aliens 
and  Indians  not  taxed,  and  shall  remain  unaltered  until  the  return 
of  another  enumeration,  and  shall  at  all  times  consist  of  contiguous 
territory;  and  no  county  shall  be  divided  in  the  formation  of  a 
Senate  District  unless  such  county  shall  be  equitably  entitled  to  two 
or  more  Senators. 

Sec  5.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  Representatives,  biennially  chosen  by  ballot,  to 


334  State  Constitution. 

be  elected  by  the  counties  respectively,  according  to  their  population, 
and  each  county  shall  have  at  least  one  representative  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  although  it  may  not  contain  the  requisite  ratio  of 
representation.  This  apportionment  shall  be  made  by  the  General 
Assembly  at  the  respective  times  and  periods  when  the  districts  of 
the  Senate  are  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  laid  off. 

Sec.  6.  In  making  the  apportionment  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, the  ratio  of  representation  shall  be  ascertained  by  dividing 
the  amount  of  the  population  of  the  State,  exclusive  of  that  compre- 
hended within  those  counties  which  do  not  severally  contain  the  one 
hundred  and  twentieth  part  of  the  population  of  the  State,  by  the 
number  of  Representatives,  less  the  number  assigned  to  such  coun- 
ties; and  in  ascertaining  the  number  of  the  population  of  the  State, 
aliens  and  Indians  not  taxed  shall  not  be  included.  To  each  county 
containing  the  said  ratio  and  not  twice  the  said  ratio,  there  shall 
be  assigned  one  Representative;  to  each  county  containing  two  but 
not  three  times  the  said  ratio,  there  shall  be  assigned  two  Repre- 
sentatives, and  so  on  progressively,  and  then  the  remaining  Repre- 
sentatives shall  be  assigned  severally  to  the  counties  having  the 
largest  fractions. 

Sec.  7.  Each  member  of  the  Senate  shall  not  be  less  than  twenty- 
five  years  of  age,  shall  have  resided  in  the  State  as  a  citizen  two 
years,  and  shall  have  usually  resided  in  the  district  for  which  he  is 
chosen  one  year  immediately  preceding  his  election. 

Sec.  8.  Each  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  a 
qualified  elector  of  the  State,  and  shall  have  resided  in  the  county 
for  which  he  is  chosen  for  one  year  immediately  preceding  his 
election. 

Sec.  9.  In  the  election  of  all  officers  whose  appointments  shall  be 
conferred  upon  the  General  Assembly  by  the  Constitution,  the  vote 
shall  be  viva  voce. 

Sec.  10.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  the  power  to  pass  gen- 
eral laws  regulating  divorce  and  alimony,  but  shall  not  have  power 
to  grant  a  divorce  or  secure  alimony  in  any  individual  case. 

Sec.  11.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  have  power  to  pass  any 
private  laws  to  alter  the  name  of  any  person,  or  to  legitimate  any 
person  not  born  in  lawful  wedlock,  or  to  restore  to  the  rights  of 
citizenship  any  person  convicted  of  an  infamous  crime,  but  shall 
have  power  to  pass  general  laws  regulating  the  same. 


State  Constitution.  335 

Sec.  12.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  pass  any  private  law, 
unless  it  shall  be  made  to  appear  that  thirty  days  notice  of  appli- 
cation to  pass  such  law  shall  have  been  given,  under  such  direction 
and  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  13.  If  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  General  Assembly  by 
death,  resignation  or  otherwise,  writs  of  election  shall  be  issued  by 
the  Governor  under  such  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  14.  No  law  shall  be  passed  to  raise  money  on  the  credit  of 
the  State,  or  to  pledge  the  faith  of  the  State,  directly  or  indirectly, 
for  the  payment  of  any  debt,  or  to  impose  any  tax  upon  the  people 
of  the  State,  or  allow  the  counties,  cities  or  towns  to  do  so,  unless 
the  bill  for  the  purpose  shall  have  been  read  three  several  times  in 
each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  and  passed  three  several  read- 
ings, which  readings  shall  have  been  on  three  different  days,  and 
agreed  to  by  each  house,  respectively,  and  unless  the  yeas  and  nays 
on  the  second  and  third  readings  of  the  bill  shall  have  been  entered 
on  the  journal. 

Sec.  15.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate  entails  in  such  man- 
ner as  to  prevent  perpetuities. 

Sec.  16.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  which 
shall  be  printed  and  made  public  immediately  after  the  adjournment 
of  the  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  17.  Any  member  of  either  house  may  dissent  from  and  pro- 
test against  any  act  or  resolve  which  he  may  think  injurious  to  the 
public,  or  any  individual,  and  have  the  reasons  of  his  dissent  entered 
on  the  journal. 

Sec.  18.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  own 
Speaker  and  other  officers. 

Sec.  19.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  preside  in  the  Senate,  but 
shall  have  no  vote  unless  it  may  be  equally  divided. 

Sec.  20.  The  Senate  shall  choose  its  other  officers  and  also  a 
Speaker  (pro  tempore)  in  the  absence  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor, 
or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  Governor. 

Sec.  21.  The  style  of  the  acts  shall  be:  "The  General  Assembly 
of  North  Carolina  do  enact." 

Sec.  22.  Each  house  shall  be  judge  of  the  qualifications  and  elec- 
tion of  its  own  members,  shall  sit  upon  its  own  adjournment  from 
day  to  day,  prepare  bills  to  be  passed  into  laws;  and  the  two  houses 
may  also  jointly  adjourn  to  any  future  day  or  other  place. 

Sec.  23.     All  bills  and  resolutions  of  a  legislative  nature  shall  be 


336  State  Constitution. 

read  three  times  in  each  house  before  they  pass  into  laws,  and  shall 
be  signed  by  the  presiding  officers  of  both  houses. 

Sec.  24.  Each  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  before  taking  his 
seat,  shall  take  an  oath  or  affirmation  that  he  will  support  the  Con- 
stitution and  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Constitution  of  the 
State  of  North  Carolina,  and  will  faithfully  discharge  his  duty  as  a 
member  of  the  Senate  or  House  of  Representatives. 

Sec.  25.  The  terms  of  office  for  Senators  and  members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  shall  commence  at  the  time  of  their 
election. 

Sec.  26.  Upon  motion  made  and  seconded  in  either  house  by  one- 
fifth  of  the  members  present,  the  yeas  and  nays  upon  any  question 
shall  be  taken  and  entered  upon  the  journals. 

Sec.  27.  The  election  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall 
be  held  for  the  respective  districts  and  counties  at  the  places  where 
they  are  now  held,  or  may  be  directed  hereafter  to  be  held,  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  on  the  first  Thursday  in 
August,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy,  and 
every  two  years  thereafter.  But  the  General  Assembly  may  change 
the  time  of  holding  the  elections. 

Sec.  28.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  for  the  term  for 
which  they  have  been  elected  shall  receive  as  compensation  for  their 
services  the  sum  of  four  dollars  per  day  for  each  day  of  their  ses- 
sion, for  a  period  not  exceeding  sixty  days;  and  should  they  remain 
longer  in  session  they  shall  serve  without  compensation.  They  shall 
also  be  entitled  to  receive  ten  cents  per  mile,  both  while  coming  to 
the  seat  of  government  and  while  returning  home,  the  said  distance 
to  be  computed  by  the  nearest  line  or  route  of  public  travel.  The 
compensation  of  the  presiding  officers  of  the  two  houses  shall  be 
six  dollars  per  day  and  mileage.  Should  an  extra  session  of  the 
General  Assembly  be  called,  the  members  and  presiding  officers 
shall  receive  a  like  rate  of  compensation  for  a  period  not  exceeding 
twenty  days. 

Sec.  29.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  pass  any  local,  private,  or 
special  act  or  resolution:  Relating  to  the  establishment  of  courts 
inferior  to  the  Superior  Court;  relating  to  the  appointment  of  jus- 
tices of  the  peace;  relating  to  health,  sanitation,  and  the  abatement 
of  nuisances;  changing  the  names  of  cities,  towns,  and  townships; 
authorizing  the  laying  out,  opening,  altering,  maintaining,  or  discon- 
tinuing of  highways,  streets,  or  alleys;  relating  to  ferries  or  bridges; 


State  Constitution.  337 

relating  to  nonnavigable  streams;  relating  to  cemeteries;  relating 
to  the  pay  of  jurors;  erecting  new  townships,  or  changing  township 
lines,  or  establishing  or  changing  the  lines  of  school  districts;  re- 
mitting fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures,  or  refunding  moneys  legally 
paid  into  the  public  treasury;  regulating  labor,  trade,  mining,  or 
manufacturing;  extending  the  time  for  the  assessment  or  collection 
of  taxes  or  otherwise  relieving  any  collector  of  taxes  from  the  due 
performance  of  his  official  duties  or  his  sureties  from  liability; 
giving  effect  to  informal  wills  and  deeds;  nor  shall  the  General  As- 
sembly enact  any  such  local,  private,  or  special  act  by  the  partial 
repeal  of  a  general  law,  but  the  General  Assembly  may  at  any  time 
repeal  local,  private,  or  special  laws  enacted  by  it.  Any  local,  private 
or  special  act  or  resolution  passed  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  be  void. 

ARTICLE  III. 

EXECUTIVE    DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  Executive  Department  shall  consist  of  a  Governor, 
in  whom  shall  be  vested  the  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State; 
a  Lieutenant  Governor,  a  Secretary  of  State,  an  Auditor,  a  Treasurer, 
a  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  an  Attorney-General, 
who  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified  electors 
of  the  State,  at  the  same  time  and  places  and  in  the  same  manner  as 
members  of  the  General  Assembly  are  elected.  Their  term  of  office 
shall  commence  on  the  first  day  of  January  next  after  their  election, 
and  continue  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified:  Pro- 
vided, that  the  officers  first  elected  shall  assume  the  duties  of  their 
office  ten  days  after  the  approval  of  this  Constitution  by  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  and  shall  hold  their  offices  four  years 
from  and  after  the  first  day  of  January. 

Sec.  2.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  as  Governor  or  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor unless  he  shall  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years,  shall 
have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  five  years,  and  shall  have 
been  a  resident  of  this  State  for  two  years  next  before  the  election; 
nor  shall  the  person  elected  to  either  of  these  two  offices  be  eligible 
to  the  same  office  more  than  four  years  in  any  term  of  eight  years, 
unless  the  office  shall  have  been  cast  upon  him  as  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor or  President  of  the  Senate. 

Sec.  3.  The  return  of  every  election  for  officers  of  the  Executive 
Department  shall  be  sealed  up  and  transmitted  to  the  seat  of  gov- 
22 


338  State  Constitution. 

ernment  by  the  returning  officers,  directed  to  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  who  shall  open  and  publish  the  same  in 
the  presence  of  a  majority  of  the  members  of  both  houses  of  the 
General  Assembly.  The  persons  having  the  highest  number  of  votes 
respectively  shall  be  declared  duly  elected;  but  if  two  or  more  be 
equal  and  highest  in  votes  for  the  same  office,  the  one  of  them  shall 
be  chosen  by  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly. 
Contested  elections  shall  be  determined  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both 
houses  of  the  General  Assembly  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  Governor,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  his  office, 
shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  members  of  both  branches  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  or  before  any  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  take  an 
oath  or  affirmation  that  he  will  support  the  Constitution  and  laws 
of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and  that  he 
will  faithfully  perform  the  duties  appertaining  to  the  office  of  Gov- 
ernor, to  which  he  has  been  elected. 

Sec.  5.  The  Governor  shall  reside  at  the  seat  of  government  of  this 
State,  and  he  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  the  General  Assembly 
information  of  the  affairs  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to  their  con- 
sideration such  measures  as  he  shall  deem  expedient. 

Sec.  6.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves,  commu- 
tations, and  pardons,  after  conviction,  for  all  offenses  (except  in 
cases  of  impeachment),  upon  such  conditions  as  he  may  think 
proper,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  may  be  provided  by  law  rela- 
tive to  the  manner  of  applying  for  pardons.  He  shall  biennially 
communicate  to  the  General  Assembly  each  case  of  reprieve,  commu- 
tation, or  pardon  granted,  stating  the  name  of  each  convict,  the 
crime  for  which  he  was  convicted,  the  sentence  and  its  date,  the 
date  of  the  commutation,  pardon,  or  reprieve,  and  the  reasons 
therefor. 

Sec.  7.  The  officers  of  the  Executive  Department  and  of  the  public 
institutions  of  the  State  shall,  at  least  five  days  previous  to  each 
regular  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  severally  report  to  the 
Governor,  who  shall  transmit  such  reports  with  his  message  to  the 
General  Assembly;  and  the  Governor  may,  at  any  time,  require  in- 
formation in  writing  from  the  officers  in  the  Executive  Department 
upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices, 
and  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed. 

Sec.  8.     The  Governor  shall  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  militia 


State  Constitution.  339 

of  the  State,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  9.  The  Governor  shall  have  power,  on  extraordinary  occasion, 
by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Council  of  State,  to  convene  the 
General  Assembly  in  extra  session  by  his  proclamation,  stating 
therein  the  purpose  or  purposes  for  which  they  are  thus  convened. 

Sec.  10.  The  Governor  shall  nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  Senators-elect,  appoint  all  officers 
whose  offices  are  established  by  this  Constitution  and  whose  appoint- 
ments are  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

Sec.  11.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate, 
but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  the  Senate  be  equally  divided.  He 
shall,  whilst  acting  as  President  of  the  Senate,  receive  for  his  serv- 
ices the  same  pay  which  shall,  for  the  same  period,  be  allowed  to 
the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  and  he  shall  receive 
no  other  compensation  except  when  he  is  acting  as  Governor. 

Sec.  12.  In  case  of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  failure 
to  qualify,  his  absence  from  the  State,  his  inability  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  his  office,  or,  in  case  the  office  of  Governor  shall  in  any- 
wise become  vacant,  the  powers,  duties,  and  emoluments  of  the  office 
shall  devolve  upon  the  Lieutenant  Governor  until  the  disability  shall 
cease  or  a  new  Governor  shall  be  elected  and  qualified.  In  every 
case  in  which  the  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  unable  to  preside 
over  the  Senate,  the  Senators  shall  elect  one  of  their  own  number 
President  of  their  body;  and  the  powers,  duties,  and  emoluments  of 
the  office  of  Governor  shall  devolve  upon  him  whenever  the  Lieuten- 
ant Governor  shall,  for  any  reason,  be  prevented  from  discharging 
the  duties  of  such  office  as  above  provided,  and  he  shall  continue 
as  acting  Governor  until  the  disabilities  are  removed,  or  a  new  Gov- 
ernor or  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  elected  and  qualified.  When- 
ever, during  the  recess  of  the  General  Assembly,  it  shall  become 
necessary  for  the  President  of  the  Senate  to  administer  the  govern- 
ment, the  Secretary  of  State  shall  convene  the  Senate,  that  they 
may  select  such.  President. 

Sec.  13.  The  respective  duties  of  the  Secretary  of  Stale,  Auditor, 
Treasurer,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  Attorney-Gen- 
eral shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  If  the  office  of  any  of  said  ofii 
shall  be  vacated  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Governor  to  appoint  another  until  the  disability  be  re- 
moved or  his  successor  be  elected,  and  qualified.     Every  such  vacancy 


340  State  Constitution. 

shall  be  filled  by  election  at  the  first  general  election  that  occurs 
more  than  thirty  days  after  the  vacancy  has  taken  place,  and  the 
person  chosen  shall  hold  the  office  for  the  remainder  of  the  unex- 
pired term  fixed  in  the  first  section  of  this  article. 

Sec.  14.  The  Secretary  of  State.  Auditor,  Treasurer,  and  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  shall  constitute,  ex  officio,  the  Council 
of  State,  who  shall  advise  the  Governor  in  the  execution  of  his  office, 
any  three  of  whom  shall  constitute  a  quorum.  Their  advice  and  pro- 
ceedings in  this  capacity  shall  be  entered  in  a  journal  to  be  kept  for 
this  purpose  exclusively,  and  signed  by  the  members  present,  from 
any  part  of  which  any  member  may  enter  his  dissent;  and  such  jour- 
nal shall  be  placed  before  the  General  Assembly  when  called  for  by 
either  house.  The  Attorney-General  shall  be,  ex  officio,  the  legal 
adviser  of  the  Executive  Department. 

Sec.  15.  The  officers  mentioned  in  this  article  shall,  at  stated 
periods,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  to  be  established 
by  law,  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the 
time  for  which  they  shall  have  been  elected,  and  the  said  officers 
shall  receive  no  other  emolument  or  allowance  whatever. 

Sec.  16.  There  shall  be  a  seal  of  the  State,  which  shall  be  kept  by 
the  Governor  and  used  by  him  as  occasion  may  require,  and  shall 
be  called  "The  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina."  All 
grants  and  commissions  shall  be  issued  in  the  name  and  by  the 
authority  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  sealed  with  "The  Great 
Seal  of  the  State,"  signed  by  the  Governor  and  countersigned  by 
the  Secretary  of  State. 

Sec.  17.  The  General  Assembly  shall  establish  a  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Immigration,  and  Statistics,  under  such  regulations  as 
may  best  promote  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  State,  and  shall 
enact  laws  for  the  adequate  protection  and  encouragement  of  sheep 
husbandry. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

JUDICIAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  distinction  between  actions  at  law  and  suits  in 
equity,  and  the  forms  of  all  such  actions  and  suits  shall  be  abol- 
ished; and  there  shall  be  in  this  State  but  one  form  of  action  for 
the  enforcement  or  protection  of  private  rights  or  the  redress  of 
private  wrongs,  which  shall  be  denominated  a  civil  action,  and  every 
action  prosecuted  by  the  people  of  the  State  as  a  party  against  a 


State  Constitution.  341 

person  charged  with  a  public  offense,  for  the  punishment  of  the 
same,  shall  be  termed  a  criminal  action.  Feigned  issues  shall  also 
be  abolished,  and  the  fact  at  issue  tried  by  order  of  court  before  a 
jury. 

Sec.  2.  The  judicial  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  a  Court 
for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments,  a  Supreme  Court,  Superior  Courts, 
Courts  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  such  other  courts  inferior  to  the 
Supreme  Court  as  may  be  established  by  law. 

Sec.  3.  The  Court  for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments  shall  be  the  Sen- 
ate. A  majority  of  the  members  shall  be  necessary  to  a  quorum, 
and  the  judgment  shall  not  extend  beyond  removal  from,  and  dis- 
qualification to  hold,  office  in  this  State;  but  the  party  shall  be  liable 
to  indictment  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  House  of  Representatives  solely  shall  have  the  power 
of  impeaching.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concur- 
rence of  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present.  When  the  Governor  is 
impeached,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside. 

Sec.  5.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  it,  or  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 
No  person  shall  be' convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of 
two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 
No  conviction  of  treason  or  attainder  shall  work  corruption  of  blood 
or  forfeiture. 

Sec.  6.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  of  a  Chief  Justice  and 
four  Associate  Justices. 

Sec.  7.  The  terms  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  held  in  the  city 
of  Raleigh,  as  now,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  the  General  As- 
sembly. 

Sec.  8.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  review  upon 
appeal  any  decision  of  the  courts  below,  upon  any  matter  of  law  or 
legal  inference.  And  the  jurisdiction  of  said  court  over  "issues  of 
fact"  and  "questions  of  fact"  shall  be  the  same  exercised  by  it  before 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
sixty-eight,  and  the  court  shall  have  the  power  to  issue  any  remedial 
writs  necessary  to  give  it  a  general  supervision  and  control  over  the 
proceedings  of  the  inferior  courts. 

Sec.  9.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  jurisdiction  to  hear 
claims  against  the  State,  but  its  decisions  shall  be  merely  recom- 
mendatory; no  process  in  the  nature  of  execution  shall  issue  thereon; 


342  State  Constitution. 

they  shall  be  reported  to  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly 
for  its  action. 

Sec.  10.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  nine  judicial  districts,  for 
each  of  which  a  Judge  shall  be  chosen;  and  there  shall  be  held  a 
Superior  Court  in  each  county  at  least  twice  in  each  year,  to  con- 
tinue for  such  time  in  each  county  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 
But  the  General  Assembly  may  reduce  or  increase  the  number  of 
districts. 

Sec.  11.  Every  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  shall  reside  in  the 
district  for  which  he  is  elected.  The  judges  shall  preside  in  the 
courts  of  the  different  districts  successively,  but  no  judge  shall  hold 
the  courts  in  the  same  district  oftener  than  once  in  four  years; 
but  in  case  of  the  protracted  illness  of  the  Judge  assigned  to  pre- 
side in  any  district,  or  of  any  other  unavoidable  accident  to  him,  by 
reason  of  which  he  shall  be  unable  to  preside,  the  Governor  may 
require  any  Judge  to  hold  one  or  more  specified  terms  in  said  dis- 
trict, in  lieu  of  the  Judge  assigned  to  hold  the  courts  of  the  said 
district;  and  the  General  Assembly  may  by  general  laws  provide 
for  the  selection  of  special  or  emergency  judges  to  hold  the  Superior 
Courts  of  any  county  or  district  when  the  Judge  assigned  thereto, 
by  reason  of  sickness,  disability,  or  other  cause,  is  unable  to  attend 
and  hold  said  court,  and  when  no  other  Judge  is  available  to  hold 
the  same.  Such  special  or  emergency  judges  shall  have  the  power 
and  authority  of  regular  judges  of  the  Superior  Courts,  in  the  courts 
which  they  are  so  appointed  to  hold ;  and  the  General  Assembly  shall 
provide  for  their  reasonable  compensation. 

Sec.  12.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  deprive  the 
Judicial  Department  of  any  power  or  jurisdiction  which  rightfully 
pertains  to  it  as  a  coordinate  department  of  the  Government;  but 
the  General  Assembly  shall  allot  and  distribute  that  portion  of  this 
power  and  jurisdiction  which  does  not  pertain  to  the  Supreme  Court 
among  the  other  courts  prescribed  in  this  Constitution  or  which 
may  be  established  by  law,  in  such  manner  as  it  may  deem  best, 
provide,  also,  a  proper  system  of  appeals,  and  regulate  by  law.  when 
necessary,  the  methods  of  proceeding,  in  the  exercise  of  their  powers, 
of  all  the  courts  below  the  Supreme  Court,  so  far  as  the  same  may 
be  done  without  conflict  with  other  provisions  of  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  13.  In  all  issues  of  fact,  joined  in  any  court,  the  parties  may 
waive  the  right  to  have  the  same  determined  by  a  jury,  in  which 


State  Constitution.  343 

case  the  finding  of  the  Judge  upon  the  facts  shall  have  the  force  and 
effect  of  a  verdict  by  a  jury. 

Sec.  14.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  establishment 
of  special  courts,  for  the  trial  of  misdemeanors,  in  cities  and  towns 
where  the  same  may  be  necessary. 

Sec.  15.  The  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
Court  and  shall  hold  his  office  for  eight  years. 

Sec.  16.  A  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  for  each  county  shall  be 
elected  by  the  qualified  voters  thereof,  at  the  time  and  in  the  manner 
prescribed  by  law  for  the  election  of  members  of  the  General  As- 
sembly. 

Sec.  17.  Clerks  of  the  Superior  Courts  shall  hold  their  offices  for 
four  years. 

Sec.  IS.  The  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  and  regulate  the 
fees,  salaries  and  emoluments  of  all  officers  provided  for  in  this 
article;  but  the  salaries  of  the  judges  shall  not  be  diminished  during 
their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  19.  The  laws  of  North  Carolina,  not  repugnant  to  this  Con- 
stitution, or  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  shall  be 
in  force  until  lawfully  altered. 

Sec.  20.  Actions  at  law,  and  suits  in  equity,  pending  when  this 
Constitution  shall  go  into  effect,  shall  be  transferred  to  the  courts 
having  jurisdiction  thereof,  without  prejudice  by  reason  of  the 
change;  and  all  such  actions  and  suits  commenced  before,  and  pend- 
ing at  the  adoption  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  rules  of  practice 
and  procedure  herein  provided  for,  shall  be  heard  and  determined 
according  to  the  practice  now  in  use,  unless  otherwise  provided  for 
by  said  rules. 

Sec.  21.  The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  State,  as  is  provided  for  the  election  of  mem- 
bers of  the  General  Assembly.  They  shall  hold  their  offices  for 
eight  years.  The  judges  of  the  Superior  Courts,  elected  at  the  first 
election  under  this  amendment,  shall  be  elected  in  like  manner  as 
is  provided  for  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  shall  hold  their 
offices  for  eight  years.  The  General  Assembly  may,  from  time  to 
time,  provide  by  law  that  the  judges  of  the  Superior  Coui'ts,  chosen 
at  succeeding  elections,  instead  of  being  elected  by  the  voters  of  the 
whole  State,  as  is  herein  provided  for,  shall  be  elected  by  the  voters 
of  their  respective  districts. 

Sec.  22.     The  Superior  Courts  shall  be  at  all  times  open  for  the 


344  State  Constitution. 

transaction  of  all  business  within  their  jurisdiction,  except  the  trial 
of  issues  of  fact  requiring  a  jury. 

Sec.  23.  A  solicitor  shall  be  elected  for  each  judicial  district  by 
the  qualified  voters  thereof,  as  is  prescribed  for  members  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  who  shall  hold  office  for  the  term  of  four  years,  and 
prosecute  on  behalf  of  the  State,  in  all  criminal  actions  in  the  Supe- 
rior Courts,  and  advise  the  officers  of  justice  in  his  district. 

Sec.  24.  In  each  county  a  sheriff  and  coroner  shall  be  elected  by 
the  qualified  voters  thereof,  as  is  prescribed  for  members  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  shall  hold  their  offices  for  two  years.  In  each 
township  there  shall  be  a  constable  elected  in  like  manner  by  the 
voters  thereof,  who  shall  hold  his  office  for  two  years.  When  there 
is  no  coroner  in  a  county,  the  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  for  the 
county  may  appoint  one  for  special  cases.  In  case  of  a  vacancy 
existing  for  any  cause  in  any  of  the  offices  created  by  this  section, 
the  commissioners  of  the  county  may  appoint  to  such  office  for  the 
unexpired  term. 

Sec.  25.  All  vacancies  occurring  in  the  offices  provided  for  by  this 
article  of  the  Constitution  shall  be  filled  by  the  appointment  of  the 
Governor,  unless  otherwise  provided  for,  and  the  appointees  shall 
hold  their  places  until  the  next  regular  election  for  members  of  the 
General  Assembly,  when  elections  shall  be  held  to  fill  such  offices.  If 
any  person,  elected  or  appointed  to  any  of  said  offices,  shall  neglect 
and  fail  to  qualify,  such  offices  shall  be  appointed  to,  held,  and  filled 
as  provided  in  case  of  vacancies  occurring  therein.  All  incumbents 
of  said  office  shall  hold  until  their  successors  are  qualified. 

Sec.  26.  The  officers  elected  at  the  first  election  held  under  this 
Constitution  shall  hold  their  offices  for  the  terms  prescribed  for 
them  respectively,  next  ensuing  after  the  next  regular  election  for 
members  of  the  General  Assembly.  But  their  terms  shall  begin 
upon  the  approval  of  this  Constitution  by  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  27.  The  several  justices  of  the  peace  shall  have  jurisdiction, 
under  such  regulations  as  the  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe,  of 
civil  actions,  founded  on  contract,  wherein  the  sum  demanded  shall 
not  exceed  two  hundred  dollars,  and  wherein  the  title  to  real  estate 
shall  not  be  in  controversy;  and  of  all  criminal  matters  arising 
within  their  counties  where  the  punishment  cannot  exceed  a  fine  of 
fifty  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  thirty  days.  And  the  General 
Assembly  may  give  to  justices  of  the  peace  jurisdiction  of  other  civil 


State  Constitution.  345 

actions  wherein  the  value  of  the  property  in  controversy  does  not 
exceed  fifty  dollars.  When  an  issue  of  fact  shall  be  joined  before 
a  justice,  on  demand  of  either  party  thereto,  he  shall  cause  a  jury 
of  six  men  to  be  summoned,  who  shall  try  the  same.  The  party 
against  whom  judgment  shall  be  rendered  in  any  civil  action  may 
appeal  to  the  Superior  Court  from  the  same.  In  all  cases  of  a  crim- 
inal nature,  the  party  against  whom  judgment  is  given  may  appeal 
to  the  Superior  Court,  where  the  matter  shall  be  heard  anew.  In 
all  cases  brought  before  a  justice,  he  shall  make  a  record  of  the  pro- 
ceedings and  file  same  with  the  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  for  his 
county. 

Sec.  28.  When  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  shall  become  vacant 
otherwise  than  by  expiration  of  the  term,  and  in  case  of  a  failure  by 
the  voters  of  any  district  to  elect,  the  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  the  county  shall  appoint  to  fill  the  vacancy  for  the  unexpired 
term. 

Sec.  29.  In  case  the  office  of  clerk  of  a  Superior  Court  for  a  county 
shall  become  vacant  otherwise  than  by  the  expiration  of  the  term, 
and  in  case  of  a  failure  by  the  people  to  elect,  the  Judge  of  the  Supe- 
rior Court  for  the  county  shall  appoint  to  fill  the  vacancy  until  an 
election  can  be  regularly  held. 

Sec.  30.  In  case  the  General  Assembly  shall  establish  other  courts 
inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court,  the  presiding  officers  and  clerks 
thereof  shall  be  elected  in  such  manner  as  the  General  Assembly 
may  from  time  to  time  prescribe,  and  they  shall  hold  their  offices 
for  a  term  not  exceeding  eight  years. 

Sec.  31.  Any  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  of  the  Superior 
Courts,  and  the  presiding  officers  of  such  courts  inferior  to  the 
Supreme  Court  as  may  be  established  by  law,  may  be  removed  from 
office  for  mental  or  physical  inability,  upon  a  concurrent  resolution 
of  two-thirds  of  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly.  The  Judge  or 
presiding  officer,  against  whom  the  General  Assembly  may  be  about 
to  proceed,  shall  receive  notice  thereof,  accompanied  by  a  copy  of 
the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal,  at  least  twenty  days  before  the 
day  on  which  either  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  act  thereon. 

Sec.  32.  Any  clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  or  of  the  Superior 
Courts,  or  of  such  courts  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court  as  may  be 
established  by  law,  may  be  removed  from  office  for  mental  or  physi- 
cal inability;  the  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  by  the  Judges  of  said 
Court,  the  clerks  of  the  Superior  Courts  by  the  Judge  riding  the 


346  State  Constitution. 

district,  and  the  clerks  of  such  courts  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court 
as  may  be  established  by  law  by  the  presiding  officers  of  said  courts. 
The  clerk  against  whom  the  proceedings  are  instituted  shall  receive 
notice  thereof,  accompanied  by  a  copy  of  the  causes  alleged  for  his 
removal,  at  least  ten  days  before  the  day  appointed  to  act  thereon, 
and  the  clerk  shall  be  entitled  to  an  appeal  to  the  next  term  of  the 
Superior  Court,  and  thence  to  the  Supreme  Court  as  provided  in 
other  cases  of  appeals. 

Sec.  33.  The  amendments  made  to  the  Constitution  of  North  Caro- 
lina by  this  Convention  shall  not  have  the  effect  to  vacate  any  office 
or  term  of  office  now  existing  under  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
and  filled  or  held  by  virtue  of  any  election  or  appointment  under  the 
said  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  the  State  made  in  pursuance 
thereof. 

ARTICLE  V. 

REVENUE   AND   TAXATION. 

Section  1.  The  General  Assembly  shall  levy  a  capitation  tax  on 
every  male  inhabitant  in  the  State  over  twenty-one  and  under  fifty 
years  of  age,  which  shall  be  equal  on  each  to  the  tax  on  property 
valued  at  three  hundred  dollars  in  cash.  The  commissioners  of  the 
several  counties  may  exempt  from  capitation  tax  in  special  cases, 
on  account  of  poverty  and  infirmity,  and  the  State  and  county  capi- 
tation tax  combined  shall  never  exceed  two  dollars  on  the  head. 

Sec.  2.  The  proceeds  of  the  State  and  county  capitation  tax  shall 
be  applied  to  the  purposes  of  education  and  the  support  of  the  poor, 
but  in  no  one  year  shall  more  than  twenty-five  per  cent  thereof  be 
appropriated  to  the  latter  purpose. 

Sec.  3.  Laws  shall  be  passed  taxing,  by  a  uniform  rule,  all  moneys, 
credits,  investments  in  bonds,  stocks,  joint-stock  companies,  or  other- 
wise; and,  also,  all  real  and  personal  property,  according  to  its  true 
value  in  money:  Provided,  notes,  mortgages,  and  all  other  evidence 
of  indebtedness  given  in  good  faith  for  the  purchase  price  of  a  home, 
when  said  purchase  price  does  not  exceed  three  thousand  dollars, 
and  said  notes,  mortgages,  and  other  evidence  of  indebtedness  shall 
be  made  to  run  for  not  less  than  five  nor  more  than  twenty  years, 
shall  be  exempt  from  taxation  of  every  kind:  Provided,  that  the 
interest  carried  by  such  notes  and  mortgages  shall  not  exceed  five 
and  one-half  per  cent.  The  Genei-al  Assembly  may  also  tax  trades, 
professions,  franchises,  and  incomes:   Provided,  that  no  income  shall 


State  Constitution.  347 

be  taxed  when  the  property  from  which  the  income  is  derived  is 
taxed. 

Sec.  4.  Until  the  bonds  of  the  State  shall  be  at  par,  the  General 
Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  contract  any  new  debt  or  pecuniary 
obligation  in  behalf  of  the  State,  except  to  supply  a  casual  deficit, 
or  for  suppressing  invasions  or  insurrections,  unless  it  shall  in  the 
same  bill  levy  a  special  tax  to  pay  the  interest  annually.  And  the 
General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  give  or  lend  the  credit  of 
the  State  in  aid  of  any  person,  association,  or  corporation,  except  to 
aid  in  the  completion  of  such  railroads  as  may  be  unfinished  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  or  in  which  the  State  has 
a  direct  pecuniary  interest,  unless  the  subject  be  submitted  to  a 
direct  vote  of  the  people  of  the  State,  and  be  approved  by  the  ma- 
jority of  those  who  shall  vote  thereon. 

Sec.  5.  Property  belonging  to  the  State,  or  to  municipal  corpora- 
tions, shall  be  exempt  from  taxation.  The  General  Assembly  may 
exempt  cemeteries  and  property  held  for  educational,  scientific,  liter- 
ary, charitable,  or  religious  purposes;  also  wearing  apparel,  arms 
for  muster,  household  and  kitchen  furniture,  the  mechanical  and 
agricultural  implements  of  mechanics  and  farmers,  libraries  and 
scientific  instruments,  or  any  other  personal  property,  to  a  value  not 
exceeding  three  hundred  dollars. 

Sec.  6.  The  taxes  levied  by  the  commissioners  of  the  several  coun- 
ties for  county  purposes  shall  be  levied  in  like  manner  with  the  State 
taxes,  and  shall  never  exceed  the  double  of  the  State  tax,  except  for 
a  special  purpose,  and  with  the  special  approval  of  the  General 
Assembly. 

Sec.  7.  Every  act  of  the  General  Assembly  levying  a  tax  shall 
state  the  special  object  to  which  it  is  to  be  applied,  and  it  shall  be 
applied  to  no  other  purpose. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

SUFFRAGE    AND   ELIGIBILITY    TO    OFFICE. 

Section  1.  Every  male  person  born  in  the  United  States,  and 
every  male  person  who  has  been  naturalized,  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  and  possessing  the  qualifications  set  out  in  this  article,  shall  be 
entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  by  the  people  in  the  State,  except  as 
herein  otherwise  provided. 

Sec.  2.  He  shall  have  resided  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina  for 
two  years,  in  the  county  six  months,  and  in  the  precinct,  ward,  or 


348  State  Constitution. 

other  election  district  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  four  months  next 
preceding  the  election:  Provided,  that  removal  from  one  precinct, 
ward,  or  other  election  district,  to  another  in  the  same  county,  shall 
not  operate  to  deprive  any  person  of  the  right  to  vote  in  the  precinct, 
ward,  or  other  election  district  from  which  he  has  removed  until 
four  months  after  such  removal.  No  person  who  has  been  convicted, 
or  who  has  confessed  his  guilt  in  open  court  upon  indictment,  of  any 
crime,  the  punishment  of  which  now  is  or  may  hereafter  he  imprison- 
ment in  the  State's  Prison,  shall  be  permitted  to  vote  unless  the 
said  person  shall  be  first  restored  to  citizenship  in  the  manner  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Sec.  3.  Every  person  offering  to  vote  shall  be  at  the  time  a  legally 
registered  voter  as  herein  prescribed  and  in  the  manner  hereafter 
provided  by  law,  and  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  shall 
enact  general  registration  laws  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of 
this  article. 

Sec.  4.  Every  person  presenting  himself  for  registration  shall  be 
able  to  read  and  write  any  section  of  the  Constitution  in  the  Eng- 
lish language;  and  before  he  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  he  shall  have 
paid,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  May  of  the  year  in  which  he  pro- 
poses to  vote,  his  poll  tax  for  the  previous  year  as  prescribed  by 
Article  V,  section  1,  of  the  Constitution.  But  no  male  person  who 
was  on  January  1,  1867,  or  at  any  other  time  prior  thereto,  entitled  to 
vote  under  the  laws  of  any  State  in  the  United  States  wherein  he 
then  resided,  and  no  lineal  descendant  of  any  such  person,  shall  be 
denied  the  right  to  register  and  vote  at  any  election  in  this  State 
by  reason  of  his  failure  to  possess  the  educational  qualifications 
herein  prescribed:  Provided,  he  shall  have  registered  in  accordance 
with  the  terms  of  this  section  prior  to  December  1,  1908.  The  Gen- 
eral Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  registration  of  all  persons  en- 
titled to  vote  without  the  educational  qualifications  herein  pre- 
scribed, and  shall,  on  or  before  November  1,  1908,  provide  for  the 
making  of  a  permanent  record  of  such  registration,  and  all  persons 
so  registered  shall  forever  thereafter  have  the  right  to  vote  in  all 
elections  by  the  people  in  this  State,  unless  disqualified  under  section 
2  of  this  article:  Provided,  such  person  shall  have  paid  his  poll  tax 
as  above  required. 

Sec.  5.  That  this  amendment  to  the  Constitution  is  presented  and 
adopted  as  one  indivisible  plan  for  the  regulation  of  the  suffrage, 
with  the  intent  and  purpose  to  so  connect  the  different  parts  and  to 


State  Constitution.  349 

make  them  so  dependent  upon  each  other  that  the  whole  shall  stand 
or  fall  together. 

Sec.  6.  All  elections  by  the  people  shall  be  by  a  ballot,  and  all  elec- 
tions by  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  viva  voce. 

Sec.  7.  Every  voter  in  North  Carolina,  except  as  in  this  article 
disqualified,  shall  be  eligible  to  office,  but  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  the  office  he  shall  take  and  subscribe  the  following  oath: 

"I,  ,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  sup- 
port and  maintain  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States 
and  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  North  Carolina  not  inconsistent 
therewith,  and  that  I  will  faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  my 
office  as   So  help  me,  God." 

Sec.  8.  The  following  classes  of  persons  shall  be  disqualified  for 
office:  First,  all  persons  who  shall  deny  the  being  of  Almighty  God. 
Second,  all  persons  who  shall  have  been  convicted  or  confessed  their 
guilt  on  indictment  pending,  and  whether  sentenced  or  not,  or  under 
judgment  suspended,  of  any  treason  or  felony,  or  of  any  other  crime 
for  which  the  punishment  may  be  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary, 
since  becoming  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  of  corruption  or  mal- 
practice in  office,  unless  such  persons  shall  be  restored  to  the  rights 
of  citizenship  in  a  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  9.  That  this  amendment  to  the  Constitution  shall  go  into 
effect  on  the  first  day  of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  if  a  ma- 
jority of  votes  cast  at  the  next  general  election  shall  be  cast  in  favor 
of  this  suffrage  amendment. 

ARTICLE  VII. 
MUNICIPAL  corporations. 

Section  1.  In  each  county  there  shall  be  elected  biennially  by  the 
qualified  voters  thereof,  as  provided  for  the  election  of  members  of 
the  General  Assembly,  the  following  officers:  A  treasurer,  register 
of  deeds,  surveyor,  and  five  commissioners. 

Sec.  2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  to  exercise  a 
general  supervision  and  control  of  the  penal  and  charitable  institu- 
tions, schools,  roads,  bridges,  levying  of  taxes,  and  finances  of  the 
county,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  The  register  of  deeds  shall 
be,  ex  officio,  clerk  of  the  board  of  commissioners. 

Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  first  elected  in 
each  county  to   divide   the  same   into   convenient   districts,  and   to 


350  State  Constitution. 

report  the  same   to   the  General  Assembly   before   the   first   day  of 
January,  1869. 

Sec.  4.  Upon  the  approval  of  the  reports  provided  for  in  the  fore- 
going section  by  the  General  Assembly,  the  said  districts  shall  have 
corporate  powers  for  the  necessary  purposes  of  local  government, 
and  shall  be  known  as  townships. 

Sec.  5.  In  each  township  there  shall  be  biennially  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  thereof  a  clerk  and  two  justices  of  the  peace,  who 
shall  constitute  a  board  of  trustees,  and  shall,  under  the  supervision 
of  the  county  commissioners,  have  control  of  the  taxes  and  finances, 
roads  and  bridges  of  the  townships,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 
The  General  Assembly  may  provide  for  the  election  of  a  larger  num- 
ber of  the  justices  of  the  peace  in  cities  and  towns  and  in  those 
townships  in  which  cities  and  towns  are  situated.  In  every  town- 
ship there  shall  also  be  biennially  elected  a  school  committee,  con- 
sisting of  three  persons,  whose  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  6.  The  township  board  of  trustees  shall  assess  the  taxable 
property  of  their  townships  and  make  returns  to  the  county  commis- 
sioners for  revision,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  The  clerk  shall 
be,  ex  officio,  treasurer  of  the  township. 

Sec.  7.  No  county,  city,  town,  or  other  municipal  corporation  shall 
contract  any  debt,  pledge  its  faith  or  loan  its  credit,  nor  shall  any 
tax  be  levied  or  collected  by  any  officers  of  the  same  except  for  the 
necessary  expenses  thereof,  unless  by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of  the 
qualified  voters  therein. 

Sec.  8.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  any  county  or  township 
treasury  except  by  authority  of  law. 

Sec.  9.  All  taxes  levied  by  any  county,  city,  town,  or  township 
shall  be  uniform  and  ad  valorem  upon  all  property  in  the  same,  ex- 
cept property  exempted  by  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  10.  The  county  officers  first  elected  under  the  provisions  of 
this  article  shall  enter  upon  their  duties  ten  days  after  the  approval 
of  this  Constitution  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  11.  The  Governor  shall  appoint  a  sufficient  number  of  justices 
of  the  peace  in  each  county,  who  shall  hold  their  places  until  sec- 
tions four,  five,  and  six  of  this  article  shall  have  been  carried  into 
effect. 

Sec.  12.  All  charters,  ordinances,  and  provisions  relating  to  mu- 
nicipal corporations  shall  remain  in  force  until  legally  changed, 
unless  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution. 


State  Constitution.  351 

Sec.  13.  No  county,  city,  town,  or  other  municipal  corporation 
shall  assume  to  pay,  nor  shall  any  tax  be  levied  or  collected  for  the 
payment  of  any  debt,  or  the  interest  upon  any  debt,  contracted 
directly  or  indirectly  in  aid  or  support  of  the  rebellion. 

Sec.  14.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  full  power  by  statute 
to  modify,  change,  or  abrogate  any  and  all  of  the  provisions  of  this 
article  and  substitute  others  in  their  place,  except  sections  seven, 
nine  and  thirteen. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

CORPORATIONS    OTHER    THAN     MUNICIPAL. 

Sectio.v  1.  No  corporation  shall  be  created  nor  shall  its  charter  be 
extended,  altered,  or  amended  by  special  act,  except  corporations  for 
charitable,  educational,  penal,  or  reformatory  purposes  that  are  to  be 
and  remain  under  the  patronage  and  control  of  the  State;  but  the 
General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  general  laws  for  the  chartering 
and  organization  of  all  corporations,  and  for  amending,  extending, 
and  forfeiture  of  all  charters,  except  those  above  permitted  by 
special  act.  All  such  general  laws  and  special  acts  may  be  altered 
from  time  to  time  or  repealed;  and  the  General  Assembly  may  at  any 
time  by  special  act  repeal  the  charter  of  any  corporation. 

Sec.  2.  Dues  from  corporations  shall  be  secured  by  such  individual 
liabilities  of  the  corporations  and  other  means  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  law. 

Sec.  3.  The  term  corporation,  as  used  in  this  article,  shall  be  con- 
strued to  include  all  associations  and  joint-stock  companies  having 
any  of  the  powers  and  privileges  of  corporations  not  possessed  by 
individuals  or  partnerships.  And  all  corporations  shall  have  the 
right  to  sue  and  shall  be  subject  to  be  sued  in  all  courts  in  like  cases 
as  natural  persons. 

Sec.  4.  "It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature  to  provide  by  gen- 
eral laws  for  the  organization  of  cities,  towns,  and  incorporated  vil- 
lages, and  to  restrict  their  power  of  taxation,  assessment,  borrowing 
money,  contracting  debts,  and  loaning  their  credit,  so  as  to  prevent 
aliases  in  assessment  and  in  contracting  debts  by  such  municipal 
corporations." 


352  State  Constitution. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

EDUCATION. 

Section  1.  Religion,  morality,  and  knowledge  being  necessary  to 
good  government  and  to  the  happiness  of  mankind,  schools  and  the 
means  of  education  shall  forever  be  encouraged. 

Sec.  2.  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  under  this  Con- 
stitution, shall  provide  by  taxation  and  otherwise  for  a  general  and 
uniform  system  of  public  schools,  wherein  tuition  shall  be  free  of 
charge  to  all  the  children  of  the  State  between  the  ages  of  six  and 
twenty-one  years.  And  the  children  of  the  white  race  and  the  chil- 
dren of  the  colored  race  shall  be  taught  in  separate  public  schools; 
but  there  shall  be.  no  discrimination  in  favor  of  or  to  the  prejudice 
of  either  race. 

Sec.  3.  Each  county  of  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  a  convenient 
number  of  districts,  in  which  one  or  more  public  schools  shall  be 
maintained  at  least  six  months  in  every  year;  and  if  the  commis- 
sioners of  any  county  shall  fail  to  comply  with  the  aforesaid  require- 
ments of  this  section  they  shall  be  liable  to  indictment. 

Sec.  4.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have  been  or  hereafter  may 
be  granted  by  the  United  States  to  this  State  and  not  otherwise 
appropriated  by  this  State  or  the  United  States,  also  all  moneys, 
stocks,  bonds,  and  other  property  now  belonging  to  any  State  fund 
for  purposes  of  education,  also  the  net  proceeds  of  all  sales  of  the 
swamp  lands  belonging  to  the  State,  and  all  other  grants,  gifts,  or 
devises  that  have  been  or  hereafter  may  be  made  to  the  State  and 
not  otherwise  appropriated  by  the  State  or  by  the  terms  of  the  grant, 
gift,  or  devise,  shall  be  paid  into  the  State  Treasury,  and,  together 
with  so  much  of  the  ordinary  revenue  of  the  State  as  may  be  by  law 
set  apart  for  that  purpose,  shall  be  faithfully  appropriated  for  estab- 
lishing and  maintaining  in  this  State  a  system  of  free  public  schools 
and  for  no  other  uses  or  purposes  whatsoever. 

Sec.  5.  All  moneys,  stocks,  bonds,  and  other  property  belonging  to 
a  county  school  fund,  also  the  net  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  estrays, 
also  the  clear  proceeds  of  all  penalties  and  forfeitures  and  of  all 
fines  collected  in  the  several  counties  for  any  breach  of  the  penal 
or  military  laws  of  the  State,  and  all  moneys  which  shall  be  paid 
by  persons  as  an  equivalent  for  exemption  from  military  duty,  shall 
belong  to  and  remain  in  the  several  counties,  and  shall  be  faithfully 
appropriated  for  establishing  and  maintaining  free  public  schools  in 


State  Constitution.  353 

the  several  counties  in  this  State:  Provided,  that  the  amount  col- 
lected in  each  county  shall  he  annually  reported  to  the  Superintend- 
ent of  Public  Instruction. 

Sec.  6.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  provide  for  the 
election  of  trustees  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  in  whom, 
when  chosen,  shall  be  vested  all  the  privileges,  rights,  franchises, 
and  endowments  thereof  in  any  wise  granted  to  or  conferred  upon 
the  trustees  of  said  University;  and  the  General  Assembly  may  make 
such  provisions,  laws,  and  regulations  from  time  to  time  as  may  be 
necessary  and  expedient  for  the  maintenance  and  management  of 
said  University. 

Sec.  7.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  that  the  benefits  of 
the  University,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  extended  to  the  youth  of  the 
State  free  of  expense  for  tuition;  also  that  all  the  property  which 
has  heretofore  accrued  to  the  State  or  shall  hereafter  accrue  from 
escheats,  unclaimed  dividends,  or  distributive  shares  of  the  estates 
of  deceased  persons,  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  Uni- 
versity. 

Sec.  8.  The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State, 
Treasurer,  Auditor,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  At- 
torney-General shall   constitute  a  State  Board  of  Education. 

Sec.  9.  The  Governor  shall  be  president  and  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  shall  be  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

Sec.  10.  The  Board  of  Education  shall  succeed  to  all  the  powers 
and  trusts  of  the  president  and  directors  of  the  literary  fund  of 
North  Carolina,  and  shall  have  full  power  to  legislate  and  make  all 
needful  rules  and  regulations  in  relation  to  free  public  schools  and 
the  educational  fund  of  the  State;  but  all  acts,  rules  and  regulations 
of  said  board  may  be  altered,  amended,  or  repealed  by  the  General 
Assembly,  and  when  so  altered,  amended,  or  repealed  they  shall  not 
be  reenacted  by  the  board. 

Sec.  11.  The  first  session  of  the  Board  of  Education  shall  be  held 
at  the  capital  of  the  State  within  fifteen  days  after  the  organization 
of  the  State  Government  under  this  Constitution;  the  time  of  future 
meetings  may  be  determined  by  the  board. 

Sec.  12.  A  majority  of  the  board  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the 
transaction  of  business. 

Sec.  13.  The  contingent  expenses  of  the  board  shall  be  provided  by 
the  General  Assembly. 

23 


354  State  Constitution. 

Sec.  14.  As  soon  as  practicable  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitu- 
tion the  General  Assembly  shall  establish  and  maintain  in  connec- 
tion with  the  University  a  department  of  agriculture,  of  mechanics, 
of  mining,  and  of  normal  instruction. 

Sec.  15.  The  General  Assembly  is  hereby  empowered  to  enact  that 
every  child  of  sufficient  mental  and  physical  ability  shall  attend  the 
public  schools  during  the  period  between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen 
years  for  a  term  of  not  less  than  sixteen  months,  unless  educated  by 
other  means. 

ARTICLE  X. 

HOMESTEADS    AND    EXEMPTIONS. 

Section  1.  The  personal  property  of  any  resident  of  this  State  to 
the  value  of  five  hundred  dollars,  to  be  selected  by  such  resident, 
shall  be  and  is  hereby  exempted  from  sale  under  execution  or  other 
final  process  of  any  court  issued  for  the  collection  of  any  debt. 

Sec.  2.  Every  homestead,  and  the  dwellings  and  buildings  used 
therewith,  not  exceeding  in  value  one  thousand  dollars,  to  be  selected 
by  the  owner  thereof,  or  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the  owner, 
any  lot  in  a  city,  town,  or  village,  with  the  dwellings  and  buildings 
used  thereon,  owned  and  occupied  by  any  resident  of  this  State,  and 
not  exceeding  the  value  of  one  thousand  dollars,  shall  be  exempt 
from  sale  under  execution  or  other  final  process  obtained  on  any 
debt.  But  no  property  shall  be  exempt  from  sale  for  taxes  or  for 
payment  of  obligations  contracted  for  the  purchase  of  said  premises. 

Sec.  3.  The  homestead,  after  the  death  of  the  owner  thereof,  shall 
be  exempt  from  the  payment  of  any  debt  during  the  minority  of  his 
children  or  any  one  of  them. 

Sec.  4.  The  provisions  of  sections  one  and  two  of  this  article  shall 
not  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  a  laborer's  lien  for  work  done  and 
performed  for  the  person  claiming  such  exemption,  or  a  mechanic's 
lien  for  work  done  on  the  premises. 

Sec.  5.  If  the  owner  of  a  homestead  die,  leaving  a  widow  but  no 
children,  the  same  shall  be  exempt  from  the  debts  of  her  husband, 
and  the  rents  and  profits  thereof  shall  inure  to  her  benefit  during 
her  widowhood,  unless  she  be  the  owner  of  a  homestead  in  her  own 
right. 

Sec.  6.  The  real  and  personal  property  of  any  female  in  this  State 
acquired  before  marriage,  and  all  property,  real  and  personal,  to 
which  she  may,  after  marriage,  become  in  any  manner  entitled,  shall 


State  Constitution.  355 

be  and  remain  the  sole  and  separate  estate  and  property  of  such 
female,  and  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  debts,  obligations,  or  engage- 
ments of  her  husband,  and  may  be  devised  and  bequeathed,  and,  with 
the  written  assent  of  her  husband,  conveyed  by  her  as  if  she  were 
unmarried. 

Sec.  7.  The  husband  may  insure  his  own  life  for  the  sole  use  and 
benefit  of  his  wife  and  children,  and  in  case  of  the  death  of  the 
husband  the  amount  thus  insured  shall  be  paid  over  to  the  wife  and 
children,  or  to  the'  guardian  if  under  age,  for  her  or  their  own  use, 
free  from  all  the  claims  of  the  representatives  of  her  husband  or 
any  of  his  creditors. 

Sec.  8.  Nothing  contained  in  the  foregoing  sections  of  this  article 
shall  operate  to  prevent  the  owner  of  a  homestead  from  disposing 
of  the  same  by  deed;  but  no  deed  made  by  the  owner  of  a  home- 
stead shall  be  valid  without  the  voluntary  signature  and  assent  of 
his  wife,  signified  on  her  private  examination  according  to  law. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

PUNISHMENTS,    PENAL    INSTITUTIONS    AND    PUBLIC    CHARITIES. 

Section  1.  The  following  punishments  only  shall  be  known  to  the 
laws  of  this  State,  viz.,  death,  imprisonment  with  or  without  hard 
labor,  fines,  removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and 
enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  this  State.  The  fore- 
going provision  for  imprisonment  with  hard  labor  shall  be  con- 
strued to  authorize  the  employment  of  such  convict  labor  on  public 
works  or  highways,  or  other  labor  for  public  benefit,  and  the  farm- 
ing out  thereof,  where  and  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by 
law;  but  no  convict  shall  be  farmed  out  who  has  been  sentenced  on 
a  charge  of  murder,  manslaughter,  rape,  attempt  to  commit  rape,  or 
arson:  Provided,  that  no  convict  whose  labor  may  be  farmed  out 
shall  be  punished  for  any  failure  of  duty  as  a  laborer  except  by  a 
responsible  officer  of  the  State;  but  the  convicts  so  farmed  out  shall 
be  at  all  times  under  the  supervision  and  control,  as  to  their  govern- 
ment and  discipline,  of  the  penitentiary  board  or  some  officer  of  the 
State. 

Sec.  2.  The  object  of  punishment  being  not  only  to  satisfy  justice, 
but  also  to  reform  the  offender,  and  thus  prevent  crime,  murder, 
arson,  burglary,  and  rape,  and  these  only  may  be  punishable  with 
death,  if  the  General  Assembly  shall  so  enact. 


356  State  Constitution. 

Sec.  3.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  at  its  first  meeting,  make  pro- 
vision for  the  erection  and  conduct  of  a  State's  prison  or  peniten- 
tiary at  some  central  and  accessible  point  within  the  State. 

Sec.  4.  The  General  Assembly  may  provide  for  the  erection  of  a 
house  of  correction,  where  vagrants  and  persons  guilty  of  misde- 
meanors shall  be  restrained  and  usefully  employed. 

Sec.  5.  A  house  or  houses  of  refuge  may  be  established  whenever 
the  public  interests  may  require  it,  for  the  correction  and  instruc- 
tion of  other  classes  of  offenders. 

Sec.  6.  It  shall  be  required  by  competent  legislation  that  the  struc- 
ture and  superintendence  of  penal  institutions  of  the  State,  the 
county  jails  and  city  police  prisons  secure  the  health  and  comfort  of 
the  prisoners,  and  that  male  and  female  prisoners  be  never  confined 
in  the  same  room  or  cell. 

Sec.  7.  Beneficent  provisions  for  the  poor,  the  unfortunate  and 
orphan  being  one  of  the  first  duties  of  a  civilized  and  Christian 
State,  the  General  Assembly  shall,  at  its  first  session,  appoint  and 
define  the  duties  of  a  board  of  public  charities,  to  whom  shall  be 
intrusted  the  supervision  of  all  charitable  and  penal  State  institu- 
tions, and  who  shall  annually  report  to  the  Governor  upon  their 
condition,  with  suggestions  for  their  improvement. 

Sec.  8.  There  shall  also,  as  soon  as  practicable,  be  measures  de- 
vised by  the  State  for  the  establishment  of  one  or  more  orphan 
houses,  where  destitute  orphans  may  be  cared  for,  educated,  and 
taught  some  business  or  trade. 

Sec.  9.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature,  as  soon  as  practi- 
cable, to  devise  means  for  the  education  of  idiots  and  inebriates. 

Sec.  10.  The  General  Assembly  may  provide  that  the  indigent  deaf- 
mute,  blind,  and  insane  of  the  State  shall  be  cared  for  at  the  charge 
of  the  State. 

Sec.  11.  It  shall  be  steadily  kept  in  view  by  the  Legislature  and 
the  Board  of  Public  Charities,  that  all  penal  and  charitable  institu- 
tions should  be  made  as  nearly  self-supporting  as  is  consistent  with 
the  purposes  of  their  creation. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

MILITIA. 

Section  1.  All  able-bodied  male  citizens  of  the  State  of  North 
Carolina,  between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  forty  years,  who  are 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  liable  to  do  duty  in  the  militia: 


State  Constitution.  357 

Provided,  that  all  persons  who  may  he  averse  to  bearing  arms,  from 
religious  scruples,  shall  be  exempt  therefrom. 

Sec.  2.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  organizing, 
arming,  equipping,  and  discipline  of  the  militia,  and  for  paying  the 
same  when  called  into  active  service. 

Sec.  3.  The  Governor  shall  be  commander-in-chief,  and  shall  have 
power  to  call  out  the  militia  to  execute  the  law,  suppress  riots  or 
insurrection,  and  to  repel  invasion. 

Sec.  4.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  make  such  ex- 
emptions as  may  be  deemed  necessary,  and  enact  laws  that  may  be 
expedient  for  the  government  of  the  militia. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

Section  1.  No  convention  of  the  people  of  this  State  shall  ever  be 
called  by  the  General  Assembly,  unless  by  the  concurrence  of  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  members  of  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly, 
and  except  the  proposition,  Convention,  or  No  Convention,  be  first 
submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  whole  State,  at  the  next 
general  election  in  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law.  And  should  a 
majority  of  the  votes  cast  be  in  favor  of  said  convention,  it  shall 
assemble  on  such  day  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  2.  No  part  of  the  Constitution  of  this  State  shall  be  altered 
unless  a  bill  to  alter  the  same  shall  have  been  agreed  to  by  three- 
fifths  of  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly.  And  the  amendment 
or  amendments  so  agreed  to  shall  be  submitted  at  the  next  general 
election  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  whole  State,  in  such  a  manner 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  And  in  the  event  of  their  adoption 
by  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast,  such  amendment  or  amendments 
shall  become  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  State. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Section  1.  All  indictments  which  shall  have  been  found,  or  may 
hereafter  be  found,  for  any  crime  or  offense  committed  before  this 
Constitution  takes  effect,  may  be  proceeded  upon  in  the  "proper  courts, 
but  no  punishment  shall  be  inflicted  which  is  forbidden  by  this 
Constitution. 


358  State  Constitution. 

Sec.  2.  No  person  who  shall  hereafter  fight  a  duel,  or  assist  in 
the  same  as  a  second,  or  send,  accept,  or  knowingly  carry  a  challenge 
therefor,  or  agree  to  go  out  of  the  State  to  fight  a  duel,  shall  hold 
any  office  in  this  State. 

Sec.  3.  No  money  shall  he  drawn  from  the  Treasury  but  in  con- 
sequence of  appropriations  made  by  law;  and  an  accurate  account  of 
the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  public  money  shall  be  annually 
published. 

Sec  4.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide,  by  proper  legislation, 
for  giving  to  mechanics  and  laborers  an  adequate  lien  on  the  subject- 
matter  of  their  labor. 

Sec  5.  In  the  absence  of  any  contrary  provision,  all  officers  of 
this  State,  whether  heretofore  elected  or  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
shall  hold  their  positions  only  until  other  appointments  are  made  by 
the  Governor,  or,  if  the  offices  are  elective,  until  their  successors 
shall  have  been  chosen  and  duly  qualified  according  to  the  provisions 
of  this  Constitution. 

Sec  6.  The  seat  of  government  of  this  State  shall  remain  at  the 
city  of  Raleigh. 

Sec  7.  No  person  who  shall  hold  any  office  or  place  of  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States,  or  any  department  thereof,  or  under 
this  State,  or  under  any  other  State  or  Government,  shall  hold  or 
exercise  any  other  office  or  place  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  author- 
ity of  this  State,  or  be  eligible  to  a  seat  in  either  house  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly:  Provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  ex- 
tend to  officers  in  the  militia,  justices  of  the  peace,  commissioners 
of  public  charities,  or  commissioners  for  special  purposes. 

Sec  8.  All  marriages  between  a  white  person  and  a  negro,  or 
between  a  white  person  and  white  person  of  negro  descent  to  the 
third  generation,  inclusive,  are  hereby  forever  prohibited. 


State  Constitution.  359 


INDEX  TO  STATE  CONSTITUTION. 

A.  Article.     S.  Section. 

Abuses   in   assessments  and   contracting   debts  by   municipal   corporations,    General 

Assembly  to  prevent,  A.  8,  S.  4. 
Actions  at  law  and  equity  suits,   no  distinction,  A.   4,    S.   1. 

Pending  when  Constitution  took  effect,  A.  4,   S.  20. 
Acts  of  General  Assembly,   style  of,   A.   2,   S.   21. 

Levying  taxes,  must  state  object,  A.  5,   S.   7. 
Agriculture,   Department  of,   A.   3,   S.   17. 

In   connection  with  University,   A.  9,   S.   14. 
Alimony,   General  Assembly  does  not  secure,   A.  2,    S.   10. 
Allegiance  to  U.  S.  Government,  A.   1,   S.  5. 
Amendments,  A.   13. 

Do  not  vacate  existing  offices,  A.  4,  S.  33. 
Answer  to  criminal  charge,  A.   1,   S.  12. 

Apportionment  of  Senators  and  Representatives,  A.  2,   SS.  4,   5,   6. 
Arms,  right  to  bear,  A.  1,  S.  24. 

Article  VII,  General  Assembly  may  modify  or  repeal  certain  sections.     A.  7,  S.  14. 
Assemblage,  right  of,  A.  1,  S.  25. 
Attorney-General  advises  executive,  A.  3,  S.  14. 

Duties  of,  A.  3,   S.  13. 
Auditor,  duties  of,  A.  3,  S.  13. 
Bail,  excessive,  A.  1.  S.  14. 
Ballot,  elections  to  be  by,  A.  6,  S.  3. 
Bills  of  General  Assembly  read  three  times,  A.  2,  S.  23. 
Blind  provided  for,  A.  11,   S.   10. 
Board  of  Charities,   A.   11,   S.   7. 
Boundaries  of  State,  A.  1,  S.  34. 
Capitation  tax,   application  of  proceeds  from,   A.  5,   S.   2. 

Exempts,  A.  5,  S.  1. 
Capital  punishment,  A.  11,  S.  2. 
Charities,   public,  A.   11. 

Deaf-mutes  and  the  blind,  A.  11,  S.  10. 

Idiots  and  inebriates,   A.   11,   S.  9. 

Provision  for  orphans  and  the  poor,  A.  11,  S.  7. 

Self-supporting,  as  far  as  possible,  A.  11,  S.  11. 
Cities  organized  by  legislation,  A.  8,  S.  4. 
Citizenship,  restoration  to,  A.  2,   S.   11. 
Civil  and  criminal  actions,  A.   4,   S.   1. 
Claims  against  the  State,  A.  4,  S.  9. 
Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court,  election  of,  A.  4,  S.  10. 

Removal  for  inability,  A.  4,   S.  32. 

Term  of  office  of,  A.  4,  S.  17. 

Supreme  Court,  A.  4,  S.  15. 


360  State'  Constitution. 

Clerks,   removal  of,    A.   4.    S.   32. 

Commutations,   A.   3,   S.   6. 

Compulsory  education,   General  Assembly  may  provide,  A.  9,   S.   15. 

Concealed   weapons,   carrying  not  justified,   A.   1,   S.  24. 

Constitution,  how  changed,  A.  13,   S.  2. 

Controversies  at  law  about  property,   A.   1,   S.   19. 

Conventions,   how   called,   A.    13. 

Convict  labor,   A.   11,    S.   1. 

Coroner  and  sheriff,  A.  4,  S.  24. 

Correction,  house  of,   A.   11,   S.  4. 

Corporations,  municipal,  A.  7. 

Charters  remain  in  force  till  legally  changed,   A.   7,   S.   12. 

Power  of  General  Assembly  over,  A.  7,  S.  12. 
Corporations  other  than  municipal,   A.   8. 

Debts  of,  how  secured,  A.  8,   S.  2. 

Definition   of,    A.    8,    S.   3. 

Under  general  laws,  A.  8,  S.  1. 
Correction,  houses  of,  A.  11,  S.  4. 
Council  of  State,  A.  3,  S.  14. 
Counsel  allowed  defendant,  A.  1,  S.  11. 
County  commissioners,   election  and  duty  of,  A.  7,   SS.   1,   2. 

Commissioners  divide  into  districts,  A.  7,   S.  3. 

Districts  have  corporate  powers  as  townships,  A.  7,   S.  4. 

Majority  of  voters  necessary  to  levy  taxes,   etc.,   A.   7,    S.   7. 

Money,   how  drawn  from  its  treasury,   A.   7,    S.   8. 

Officers  enter  on  duty,   when,   A.   7,   S.    10  ;   of  townships,   A.   7,   S.   5. 

School  districts,  A.  9,   S.   3  ;   fund,   A.   9,   S.   5. 

Taxes  to  be  ad  valorem,  A.  7,  S.  9. 

Township  trustees  assess  property,   A.  7,   S.   6. 
County  treasurer,  A.  7,   S.   1. 
Courts  to  be  open,  A.  1,   S.  35. 
Kinds  of,   A.   4,    S.   2. 

Criminal  charges,   answers  to,  A.  1,   S.  12. 
Criminal  and  civil  actions,  A.  4,  S.  1. 

Courts  for  cities  and  towns,  A.  4,   S.   14. 

Prosecutions,   A.    1,    S.   11. 
Deaf-mutes  provided  for,   A.    11,    S.   10. 
Death  punishment,  A.   11,   S.  2. 
Debt  does  not  affect  homestead,  A.  10,  S.  3. 

County,   city,   or  town  cannot  contract,   except  by  majority  of  qualified  voters, 
A.   7,   S.   7. 

Imprisonment  for,  A.   1,   S.   16. 

In  aid  of  rebellion,  void,  A.  7,   S.  13. 
Debt,  restrictions  upon  increase  of  public,  etc.,  A.   5,   S.  4. 

What  bonds  declared  invalid,  A.  1,  S.  6. 
Declaration  of  rights,   A.   1. 
Department  of  Agriculture,   A.   3,   S.   17. 
Divorce,  General  Assembly  does  not  grant,  A.  2,  S.  17. 


State  Constitution.  361 

Disqualification  for  office,  A.  6,   S.  5  ;  A.  14,   S.  7. 

Dueling  disqualifies,  A.  14,   S.  2. 
Education,  board  of,  A.  9,  S.  8 ;  officers,  A.  9,  S.  9 ;  expenses,  A.  9,  S.  13. 

First  session  of,  A.   9,   S.   11;   power  of,  A.  9,   S.  10. 

Quorum,  A.  9,   S.   12. 

County  school  fund,  A.  9,   S.  5. 

Encouraged,  A.  9,  S.   1 ;  A.   1,   S.  27. 

Property  devoted  to,  A.  9,   SS.  4,   5. 
Election  of  officers  by  General  Assembly,  viva  voce,  A.  2,  S.  9. 
Elections,  by  people  and  General  Assembly,  A.  6,  S.  3. 

Contested,   returns  of,  A.  3,   S.  3. 

Free,  A.   1,  S.  10;  frequent,  A.  1,   S.  28. 
Electors,  oath  of  office  of,  A.  6,  S.  4. 
Eligibility  to  office,  A.  6. 

Qualification  of,  A.  6,   S.  1. 
Electors,   registration  of,   A.   6,   S.   2. 
Emoluments,  exclusive,  none,  A.   1,   S.   7. 

Hereditary,  A.   1,   S.  30. 
Entails  to  be  regulated,   A.  2,   S.   15. 

Enumeration  of  rights,  not  to  impair  others  retained  by  people,  A.  1,   S.  37. 
Equity  suits  and  actions  at  law,   distinction   abolished,   A.   4,    S.   1. 

Pending  when  Constitution  took  effect,   A.  4,   S.  20. 
Evidence  against  himself,  criminal  not  compelled  to  give,  A.  1,   S.   11. 
Executive,  Attorney-General  advises,  A.  3,   S.  14. 

Department  of,   A.   3;   distinct,   A.   1,    S.   8. 

Officers,  A.  3,   S.   1 ;   compensation,  A.  3,   S.  8. 

Duties,  A.   3,   S.   13;   reports  of,   A.  3,   S.   7. 

Terms  of  office  of,  A.  3,  S.  1. 

Seal  of  State,  A.  3,  S.  16. 

Vacancy  in,  how  filled,  A.  3,  S.  13. 
Exemption,  A.   10.  S.   1. 

By  reason  of  military  duty,  etc.,  A.  12,   S.  4. 

Property  of  feme  covert  not  liable  for  husband's  debts,  A.  10,  S.  6. 
Ex  post  facto  laws,  A.  1,  S.  32. 
Extra  session  of  General  Assembly,  A.  3,   S.  9. 
Feigned  issues  abolished,  A.  4,  S.  1. 

Feme  sole,  property  of,  not  liable  for  husband's  debts,  A.  10,  S.  6. 
Fines,   excessive,   A.   1,   S.   14. 
Freedom  of  the  press,  A.  1,  S.  20. 

Fundamental  principles,   frequent  recurrence  to,   A.   1,    S.  29. 
General  Assembly,  acts,  style  of,  A.  2,  S.  21. 

Article  VII   may  be  modified  or  repealed  by,    A.   7,    S.    14. 

Bills  and  resolutions  read  three  times,   A.   2,   S.   23. 

Compulsory  education  may  be  enforced  by,  A.  9,  S.   15.. 

Election  by,  A.  6,   S.  3. 

Entails  regulated  by,  A.  2,  S.  15. 
General  Assembly,  extra  sessions,  A.  2,  S.  28 ;  A.  3,   S.  9. 

Journals  kept,  A.  2,   S.   16;  protests  entered  on,  A.  2,   S.   17. 


362  State  Constitution. 

General  Assembly,  members  of,  A.  2,  S.  24. 
Assemble  when,  A.  2,  S.  2. 
Election  for,   when  held,  A.  2,   S.  27. 
Office  a  disqualification,  A.  14,  S.  7. 
Terms  commence  with  election,  A.  2,   S.  25. 
Vacancies,  how  filled,  A.  2,  S.  13. 
Municipal  corporations  controlled  by,  A.   7,   S.   14. 
Names,   personal,   not  changed  by,  A.  2,   S.   11. 
Officers  of,  election  viva  voce.  A.  2,  S.  9. 
Pay  of,  A.  2,  S.  28. 
President  of  Senate,  A.  2,   S.  19. 
Speaker  of  House,  A.  2,   S.  18. 
Powers  of,  A.  2,  S.  22. 

In  relation  to  divorce  and  alimony,  A.  2,  S.  10. 
Representation  apportioned  by,  A.  2,  SS.  4,   5. 
Revenue,   A.   2,   S.   14. 
Schools  provided  by,  A.  9,  S.  2. 
University  to  be  maintained  by,  A.  9,   SS.   6,   7. 
Yeas  and  nays,  A.  2,   SS.  14,  27. 
Government,  allegiance  to  U.  S.,  A.  1,  S.  5. 
Internal,  of'state,  A.  1,  S.  3. 
Origin  of,  A.  1,  S.  2. 

Seat  of,  remains  in  Raleigh,   A.   14,  S.   6. 
Governor  commands  militia,  A.  3,   S.  8. 

Commutations,   pardons,   reprives,   A.   3,    S.   6. 
Justices  of  peace  appointed  by,  when,  A.  7,  S.  11. 
Governor,  compensation,  A.  3,  S.   15. 
Duties  of,  A.  3,   S.   12. 
Extra  session  called  by,  A.  3,  S.  9. 
Impeachment  of,  A.  3,  S.  12. 
Lieutenant,  qualification  of,  A.  3,  S.  2. 
Oath  of  office,  A.  3,  S.  4. 

Officers  appointed  by,  A.  3,  S.  10;  A.  14,  S.  5. 
Residence  of,  A.  3,  S.  5. 
Qualification  of,  A.  3,   S.  2. 
Vacancy  in  office  of,  A.  3,  S.  12. 
Habeas  corpus,  A.  1,  S.  21. 
Hereditary  emoluments,  A.  1,  S.  30. 

Homestead  and  exemption,  A.  10,  S.  2. 
Benefit  of  widow  in,  A.  10,  S.  5. 
Exempted  from  debt,  A.   10,   S.  3. 
Laborer's  lien  attaches,  A.  10,  S.  4. 
Privy  examination  of  wife  to  dispose  of,  A.  10,  S.  8. 
House  of  correction,  A.  11,  S.  4. 

Orphans,  A.  11,   S.  8. 
House  of  refuge,  A.  11,   S.  5. 
House  of  Representatives,  apportionment,  A.  2,   S.  5. 

Officers  of,  A.  2,  S.  18  ;  term  begins  when  A.  2,  S.  25 ;  qualification  for,  A.  2, 
S.  8;  ratio  of,  A.  2,  S.  6. 


State  Constitution.  363 

Husband  can  insure  life  for  benefit  of  family,  A.  10,  S.  7. 
Idiots  provided  for,  A.  11,  S.  9. 
Immigration,  Department  of,  A.  3,  S.  17. 
Impeachment,  A.  4,   S.  4. 

Court  of,  A.  4,  S.  3. 

Of  Governor,  A.  3,  S.  12. 
Imprisonment,  for  debt,  A.   1,   S.   16. 

Except  by  law,   wrong,   A.   1,   S.   17. 
Indictments  for  crimes  committed  before  Constitution  took  effect,  A.  14,  S.  1. 
Inebriates,  A.  11,  S.  9. 
Inferior  courts,  A.  4,  S.  12. 

Officers  of,  A.  4,   S.  30. 
Insane  provided  for,  A.  11,  S.  10. 
Institutions,   charitable,   A.   11. 

Penal,  A.  11. 

Public,  annual  reports  from,  A.  3,  S.  7. 

Self-supporting,  as  far  as  possible,  A.  11,   S.  11. 

Sexes  to  be  separated,  A.  11,  S.  6. 
Instruction,   Superintendent  of  Public,  A.  3,  S.  13. 
Intermarriage  of  whites  and  negroes  prohibited,  A.  14,  S.  8. 
Internal  government  of  State,  A.  1,   S.  3. 

Issues  of  fact,  by  whom  tried  and  how  waived,  A.  4,  S.  13. 
Judges,  election,  terms  of,  etc.,  A.  4,  S.  21. 

Fees,  salaries,   emoluments,   A.  4,   S.   18. 
Judges,   removal  of,   for  inability,  A.   4,   S.   31. 

Residence  of,  A.  4,  S.  11. 
Judicial  Department,   A.   4. 

Districts  for  Superior  Courts,  A.  4,  S.  10. 

General  Assembly  not  to  deprive  of  jurisdiction,  A.  4,  S.  12. 

Powers  division  of,  A.  4,  S.  2. 

Term  of  first  officers  under  Constitution,  A.  4,   S.  26. 

Vacancies,  A.  4,  S.  25. 
Judicial  remedy  allowed  all,  A.  1,  S.  35. 
Judiciary  distinct,   A.   1,   S.  8. 
Jurisdiction,  courts  inferior  to  Supreme,  A.  4,  S.  12. 

Justices  of  the  peace,  A.  4,  S.  27. 

Supreme  Court,  A.  4,  S.  8. 
Jury,  right  of,  A.  1,  S.  13. 

Trial  by,  waived,  A.  4,  S.  13. 

Sacred  and  inviolable,  A.   1,   S.  19. 
Justices  of  the  peace,   Governor  appoints,  when,  A.  7,   S.  11. 

Jurisdiction  of,  A.  4,  S.  27. 

Vacancies  in  office,  A.  4,  S.  28. 
Laborers'  and  mechanics'  lien,  A.  14,   S.  4. 

Attaches  homestead,  A.  10,  S.  4. 
Law  of  the  land,  no  person  imprisoned  or  deprived  of  life,  etc.,  but  by,  A.  1,  S.  17. 
Laws,  ex  post  facto  and  retrospective,  A.  1,  S.  32. 

Private,  thirty  days  notice  before  passage,  A.  2,  S.  12. 

What  in  force,  A.  4,  S.  19. 


364  State  Constitution. 

Legislature  distinct,  A.  1,   S.  8. 

Two  branches  of,  A.  2,  S.  1. 
Legislature  provides  for  organizing  towns,  etc.,  A.  8,   S.   4. 

Trials  other  than  jury,   A.   1,   S.   13. 
Legitimation,  General  Assembly  can  pass  general  laws  for,  A.  2,  S.  11. 
Liberty,   deprivation  of,  except  by  law,  A.  1,   S.  17. 

Religious,  A.  1,  S.  26. 

Restraint  of,  remedied,  A.  1,  S.  18. 

Warrants  without  evidence,  dangerous  to,  A.  1,   S.   15. 
Lien  of  laborers  and  mechanics,   A.   14,   S.  4. 
Lieutenant-Governor,   President  of  Senate,   duties  of,   A.   3,   S.   11. 

When  Governor,  A.  3,  S.  12. 
Literary  fund,  Board  of  Education  to  succeed  to  rights  of,  A.  9,   S.   10. 
Marriages  between  whites  and  negroes  forbidden,   A.   14,   S.   8. 
Married  woman,  husband  can  insure  life  for  benefit  of,  A.   10,   S.   7. 

Privy  examination  of,   to  dispose  of  homestead,   A.   10,   S.   8. 

Property  of,  not  liable  for  husband's  debts,  A.  10,   S.  6. 
Mechanics'  lien,  A.  14,  S.  4. 
Men,  equality,  rights  of,  A.  1,  S.  1. 
Militia,  A.  1,  S.  24;  A.  12. 

Exemptions  from  duty,  A.  12,  S.  4. 

Governor  commands,   A.  3,   S.   8;   A.   12,   S.   3. 

Organization  of,  A.  12,  S.  2. 

Who  liable  to  bear  arms,  A.  12,  S.  1. 
Money,  how  drawn  from  State  Treasury,  A.  4,   S.  1. 

County  or  township  treasury,   A.   7,   S.   8. 
Monopolies  are  injurious,  A.   1,   S.   31. 
Municipal  corporations,   A.   7. 

Cannot  contract  debt  except  by  majority  of  qualified  voters,  A.  7,  S.  7. 

Charters  remain   in   force  till   changed,   A.    7,    S.    12. 
Municipal  corporations,   General  Assembly  to  provide  for  organization  of,  taxation, 
etc.,  by,  A.  8,  S.  4. 

Power  of  General  Assembly  over,  A.   7,   S.   14. 
Names,  personal,  how  changed,  A.  2,  S.  11. 

Normal   school  to  be  maintained  by  General  Assembly   at  University,   A.   9,    S.   14. 
Oath  of  member  of  General  Assembly,  A.  2,  S.  24. 
Oath  of  Governor,  A.  3,  S.  4. 
Oath  of  Office,  A.  6,  S.  4. 
Office,  cannot  hold  two,  A.  14,  S.  7. 

Disqualification,   A.   6,   S.  5. 

Dueling  disqualifies  for,  A.  14,  S.  2. 
Office,   eligibility  to,  A.  6. 

Qualification,   property,   none,   A.   1,   S.  22. 
Officers,   county.   A.   7,   SS.   1,    10. 

First  elected,  A.  4,  S.  26. 

What,  appointed  by  Governor,  A.  3,  S.  10 ;  A.  14,   S.  5. 
Orphans,   houses  for,   A.    11,    S.   8. 

Provisions  for,  A.   11,  S.  7. 
Pardons,   A.   3,   S.   6. 


State  Constitution.  365 

Peace,  soldiers  quartered  in  time  of,  A.  1,  S.  36. 
Penitentiary,  A.  11,  S.  3. 

Convict  labor,  A.  11,   S.  1. 

Self-supporting,   as  far  as  possible,  A.   11,    S.   11. 

Sexes  separated,  A.  11,  S.  6. 
People,  right  of,  to  assemble  together,  A.  1,  S.  25. 
Perpetuities  injurious,  A.  1,   S.  31. 

General  Assembly  shall  prevent,  A.  2,  S.  15. 
Political  power  and  government,  A.  1,  S.  2. 

Societies  in  secret  dangerous,  A.   1,   S.  25. 
Poor,  provisions  for,  A.  11,  S.  7. 
Power  of  General  Assembly,   A.   2,    S.   22. 

To  suspend  laws  injurious,  A.  1,   S.  9. 
Powers,    executive,    judicial,    and   legislative,    distinct,    A.    1,    S.    8. 

Judicial,   division  of,  A.  4,   S.  2. 
Press,  freedom  and  abuse  of,  A.   1,  S.  20. 
Principles,  recurrence  to  fundamental,  A.  1,   S.  29. 
Prisoners,  health  and  comfort  secured,  A.   11,   S.  6. 
Private  laws,  A.  2,  SS.  11,  12. 
Privileges,  exclusive,   none,  A.   1,   S.   7. 
Property,  controversies  at  law  about,  A.   1,   S.  19. 

Deprivation  of,  except  by  law,  wrong,  A.  1,   S.  17. 

Devoted  to  education,  A.   19,   S.  4. 

Exemptions  from   taxation,   A.   5,    S.   5. 

Feme  sole  not  liable  for  husband's  debts,  A.  10,  S.  6. 

Qualifications,  none,  A.  1,  S.  22. 
Prosecution,   criminal,   A.    1,    S.   11. 
Protest,  by  whom  and  when  made,  A.  2,  S.  17. 
Public  debt,   increase  of,   restricted,   etc.,   A.   5,   S.  4. 

What  bonds  declared  invalid,  A.   1,   S.  6. 
Public  money,  how  drawn,  A.   14,   S.   3. 

Public  schools,  General  Assembly  to  provide  for,  A.  9,   S.  2. 
Punishments,   penal  institutions  and  public  charities,  A.   11. 

Cruel  or  unusual,  A.   1,   S.  14;  A.   14,   S.   1. 
Qualification   and  election  of  members  of  General  Assembly,   each  house  judge  of, 

A.  2,   S.  22. 
Rebellion,  debt  in  aid  of,  not  to  be  paid,  A.  7,  S.  13. 
Recurrence  to  fundamental  principles,  A.  1,  S.  29. 
Refuge,  houses  of,  A.  11,  S.  5. 
Register  of  Deeds,  A.  7,  S.  1. 
Registration  of  electors,  A.  6,  S.  2. 
Religous  liberty,  A.  1,  S.  26. 

Scruples  against  bearing  arms,  A.  12,  S.  1. 
Removal  of  judges,  A.  4,   S.  31;  of  clerks,  A.  4,   S.  32. 
Representation  and  taxation,  A.   1,   S.  23. 
Reprives,  A.   3,   S.  6. 
Retrospective  laws,  A.   1,   S.  32. 
Revenue,  A.  2,  S.  14;  A.  5. 


366  State  Constitution. 

Right  of  assemblage,  A.  1,  S.  25. 

Jury,  A.   1,   S.  13. 

Secession,  none,  A.  1,  S.  4. 

To  bear  arms,   A.    1,    S.   24. 

To  suspend  laws,  injurious,  A.  1,  S.  9. 
Rights,  declaration  of,  A.  1. 

Of  men,  A.  1,  S.  1 ;  A.  1,  S.  37. 
Salaries  and  fees,  General  Assembly  to  regulate,  A.  4,  S.  18. 
Schools,  attendance  of  children,  A.  9,  S.  15. 

County  divided  into  districts,  A.  9,   S.  3. 

Fund,  A.  9,  S.  5. 

Provided  by  legislation,  A.  9,   S.  2. 
Schools,  races  separate,  A.  9,   S.  2. 
Seal  of  State,  A.  3,   S.   16. 

Search  warrants  without  evidence,  wrong,  A.  1,   S.   15. 
Seat  of  government  at  Raleigh,  A.  14,  S.  6. 
Secession,  no  right  of,  A.  1,  S.  4. 
Secretary  of  State,   duties  of,   A.   3,    S.    13. 
Senate,  presiding  officer,  A.  2,  S.  19. 

Pro  tern.  Speaker,  when  elected,  A.  2,  S.  20. 
Senators,  number  of,  A.  2,   S.  3. 

Other  senatorial  officers,  A.  2,  S.  20. 

President  of,  A.  2,  S.   19. 

Qualifications  for,  A.  2,  S.  7. 

Regulating  senatorial  districts,  A.  2,   S.  4. 
Sexes  separated  in  confinement,  A.  11,  S.  6. 
Sheriff  and  coroner,  A.  4,   S.  24. 
Slavery  prohibited,  A.   1,   S.  33. 
Societies,  secret  political,   dangerous,  A.   1,   S.  25. 
Soldiers,  how  quartered,  A.   1,  S.  36. 
Solicitor,  how  elected,  A.  4,  S.  23. 
Special  courts,  A.  4,  S.  14. 
State  boundaries,  A.  1,  S.  34. 

Claims  against,  A.  4,  S.  9. 

Internal  government  of,  A.  1,  S.  3. 
Statistics,  department  of,  A.  3,  S.  17. 
Suffrage  and  eligibility  to  office,  A.  6. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  A.  3,  S.   13. 

Reports  of  county  school  fund  to  be  made  to,  A.  9,  S.  5. 
Superior  Court  clerk,  his  election,  A.  4,  S.  16. 

Term,   A.  4,   S.   17;   vacancy,   A.  4,   S.  29. 

Districts,   A.   4,    S.    10. 

Judges,  election  and  term,  A.  4,  S.  21. 
Superior  Court  judges,  residence,  A.  4,   S.  11;  rotation,  A.  4,   S.   11. 

Open  at  all  times  except  for  jury  trials,  A.  4,   S.  22. 

Solicitor  for  each  district,  A.   4,   S.  23. 

Special  term,  A.  4,   S.  12. 

Transaction  of  business,  A.  4,  S.  22. 


State  Constitution.  367 

Supreme  Court  clerk,  A.  4,  S.  15  ;  jurisdiction,  A.  4,  SS.  8,  9. 

Justices,  A.  4,  S.  6  ;  election  and  terms  of,  A.  4,  S.  21. 

Terms  of,  A.  4,  S.  7. 
Surveyor,  A.  7,  S.  1. 

Suspending  laws  without  consent  of  Representatives,  not  to  be  exercised,  A.  1,  S.  9. 
Taxation,   ad  valorem  and  uniform,  A.  5,   S.   3. 

And  revenue,  A.  5 ;  A.  1,  S.  23. 

Property,  exemptions  from,  A.  5,  S.  5. 

Of  purchases  and  sales  retrospectively  not  to  be  passed,  A.  1,  S.  32. 
Taxes,  acts  to  levy,  to  state  object,  A.  5,  S.  7. 

Except  for  necessary  expenses,  not  levied  by  county,  city,  or  town  without  as- 
sent of  majority  of  voters,  A.  7,  S.  7. 

Levied  by  county  commissioners,  A.  5,  S.  6. 

Of  county  to  be  ad  valorem,  A.  7,  S.  9. 
Towns,  etc.,  organized  by  legislation,  A.  8,   S.  4. 
Townships,  officers  of,  A.  7,   S.  5. 
Treason  against  State,  A.  4,  S.  5. 
Treasurer,  duties  of,  A.  3,   S.  13. 

University,    agricultural  department  of,   mechanics,   mining,    and  normal  instruction 
connected  with,  A.  9,  S.  14. 

Benefits  of,  A.  9,   S.  7. 

Election  of  trustees,   A.   9,   S.   6. 

General  Assembly  shall  maintain,  A.   9,   S.   7. 

Maintenance  of,   A.  9,   S.  6. 

Property  devoted  to,  A.  9,  S.  7. 
Vacancies  in  General  Assembly,  A.  2,   S.  13. 
Vacancies,  other,  A.  3,  SS.   12,   13;  A.  4,   SS.,  25,  28,  29. 
Vagrants,  house  of  correction  for,  A.  11,  S.  4. 
Warrants  without  evidence  injurious,  A.  1,  S.  15. 
Whites   and   negroes  cannot   intermarry,   A.   14,   S.    8. 

Separated  in  Schools,  A.  9,   S.  2. 
Widow,  homestead  benefits,   A.   10,   S.   5. 
Yeas  and  nays,  when  entered,  A.  2,  SS.  14,  26. 


PART  XII. 


CENSUS. 


1.  Population,  Area,  etc.,  of  the  United  States  and 

Territories,  1910  and  1917. 

2.  Population,  Area,  etc.,  of  North  Carolina  by 

Counties,  1790  to  1910. 

3.  Estimated  Population  of  North  Carolina,  1675-1786. 

4.  Population  of  North  Carolina  Towns  and  Cities, 

1910,  1900,  1890. 

5.  Counties  and  County  Seats. 


24 


370 


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Census. 


CENSUS  OF  NORTH 


Counties 

Date  of 
Forma- 
tion 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1  Alamance 

1840 
1847 
1859 
1749 
1799 
1705 
1722 
1734 
1764 
1791 
1777 
1792 
1841 
1777 
1722 
1777 
1842 
1770 
1839 
1672 
1861 
1841 
1808 
1712 

2  Alexander 

3  Alleghany 

5,133 

8,146 
2,783 
6,242 
11,249 
7.02S 
4,110 
5,812 
9,929 
5,094 

8,831 
3,694 
7,203 

11,218 
5,671 
4,778 
9,277 

11,007 
6,158 

12,534 
4,335 
9,850 

10.S05 
7,276 
5,480 

10.542 

13,411 
7.248 

14,095 

6,987 

10,969 

12.262 

7,811 

6,516 

16,281 

17,sss 

8,810 

15,077 

5  Ashe    

7,467 

5,462 

12,606 

5,084 

3,071 

12,225 

7  Bertie    

12,175 

8  Bladen         

8.022 

9  Brunswick 

10  Buncombe., 

5,265 
10,084 

11  Burke             

8,118 

15,799 

12  Cabarrus  -- 

9,259 

13  Caldwell         

4,033 

3,732 

10,096 

4,191 
4,399 
8,701 

5,347 

4,823 

11,757 

6,347 

5,609 

13,253 

6,733 

6,597 
15,785 

5,663 

15  Carteret  

6,591 

16  Caswell 

14,693 

17  Catawba    

18  Chatham    

9,221 

11,861 

12,977 

12,661 

15,405 

16,242 

19  Cherokee 

3,427 

20  Chowan 

5,011 

5,132 

.    5,297 

6,464 

6,697 

6,690 

21  Clay             

22  Cleveland 

23  Columbus  -   

3,022 

12,676 

9,382 

6,985 

3.912 
13,394 
14,446 

8,098 

4,141 
13,734 
14,834 

7,655 

3,941 

10.469 

10,245 
9,264 
6,928 

13,438 

25  Cumberland 

26  Currituck 

1754             8,671 
1672             5.219 

15,284 
6,703 

27  Dare             

1870 
1822 

28  Davidson  ..   

13,389 

14.606 

29  Davie              

1836 
1749 
1881 
1732 
1849 
1779 

7,574 

30  Duplin 

5,662 



6,796 

7,863 

9,744 

11,291 

11,182 

32  Edgecombe 

10,225 

10,421 

12,423 

13,276 

14,935 

15, 70S 

7,559 

8,529 

10,166 

9,741 

10,665 

10,980 

1S46 
1779 
1872 

36  Gates 

5,392 

5,881 

5,965 

6,837 

7,866 

8,161 

38  Granville 

1746 
1799 
1770 
1758 
1855 
1808 
1838 
1759 
1705 
1788 
1851 

10,982 
6,893 
7,191 

13,965 

14,015 
4,218 
9.442 

13,945 

15,576 

4,867 
11,420 
13,620 

18,222 

4,533 

14,511 

17,237 

19,355 

6,413 

18,737 

17,739 

18,817 

39  Greene* 

6,595 

40  Guilford 

19,175 

41  Halifax 

16,865 

42  Harnett 

2,780 

4,073 

4,578 

4,975 

5,129 

45  Hertford  ..       .... 

5,828 
4,120 
5,435 

6,701 
4.829 
8.856 

6,052 

6,029 

10,972 

7,712 

4,967 

13,071 

8.537 

6,184 

14,918 

4,484 

46  Hvde 

6,458 

47  Iredell 

15,685 

1746 

5.634 

6.301 
4,339 

6,867 
4,968 

9,607 
5,216 

10,938 
5,608 

10,599 

50  Jones 

1779     !        4.822 

4,945 

51  Lee 

1907 
1791 



4,005 
12,660 

5,572 
16.359 

6,799 
IS, 147 

7,723 

22,455 

5,333 

7,605 

53  Lincoln 

1779 
1828 
1851 

9,224 

26,160 

4,869 

55  Madison 

North  Carolina. 


373 


CAROLINA,  1790-1910.* 


Land  Area 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1910 

in  Square 
Miles 

11,444 

11.852 

11.874 

14,613 

18,271 

25,665 

2S.712 

494 

1 

5,220 

6,022 

6,868 

8,355 

9,430 

10,960 

11,592 

297 

2 

3,598 

3,691 

5,486 

6,523 

7,759 

7,745 

223 

3 

13,489 

13,664 

12,428 

17,994 

20,027 

21,870 

25,465 

551 

4 

8.777 

7,956 

9,573 

14,437 

15,628 

19,581 

19.074 

399 

5 

13,816 

14,766 

13,011 

17,474 

21,072 

26,404 

30,877 

819 

6 

12,851 

14,310 

12,950 

16.399 

19,176 

20,538 

23,039 

712 

7 

9,767 

11,995 

12,831 

16,158 

16,763 

17,677 

18,006 

1,013 

8 

7,272 

8,406 

7,754 

9,389 

10,900 

12,657 

14,432 

812 

9 

13.425 

12,654 

15,412 

21,909 

35,266 

44,288 

49,798 

624 

10 

7,772 

9,237 

9,777 

12,809 

14,939 

17,699 

21,408 

534 

11 

9,747 

10,546 

11,954 

14,964 

18,142 

22,456 

26,240 

387 

12 

6,317 

7,497 

8,476 

10,291 

12,298 

15,694 

20,579 

507 

13 

6.049 

5,343 

5,361 

6,274 

5,667 

5,474 

5,640 

218 

14 

6.939 

8,186 

9,010 

9,784 

10,825 

11,811 

13,776 

538 

15 

15,269 

16,215 

16,081 

17,825 

16,028 

15.028 

14,858 

396 

16 

8,862 

10,729 

10,984 

14,946 

18,689 

22,123 

27,918 

408 

17 

18.449 

19,101 

19,723 

23,453 

25,413 

23,912 

22,635 

785 

18 

6,838 

9,166 

8,080 

8,182 

9,976 

11.860 

14,136 

451 

19 

6,721 

6,842 

6,450 

7,900 

9,167 

10,258 

11,303 

161 

20 

2,461 
12,696 

3,316 
16,571 

4,197 
20,394 

4,532 
25,078 

3,909 
29,494 

185 
485 

21 

10,396 

12,348 

22 

5,909 

8,597 

8,474 

14,439 

17,856 

21,274 

28,020 

937 

23 

14.709 

16,268 

20,516 

19,729 

20,533 

24,164 

25.594 

685 

24 

20,010 

16,369 

17,035 

23,836 

27,321 

29,249 

35,284 

1,008 

25 

7,236 

7,415 

5,131 

6,476 

6,747 

6,529 

7,693 

273 

26 

2,778 

3.244 

3,768 

4,757 

4,841 

405 

27 

15,320 

16,601 

17,414 

20,333 

21,702 

23,403 

29,404 

563 

28 

7,866 

8,494 

9,820 

11,096 

11,621 

12,115 

13.394 

264 

29 

13,514 

15,784 

15,542 

18,773 

18,690 

22,405 

25,442 

830 

30 

18,141 
24,113 

26,233 
26,591 

35,276 
32,010 

284 
515 

31 

17,189 

17,376 

22,970 

26,181 

32 

11,108 

12,692 

13,050 

18,078 

28,434 

35,261 

47,311 

369 

33 

11,713 

14,107 

14,135 

20,829 

21,098 

25,116 

24,692 

471 

34 

8,173 

9,307 

12,602 

14,254 

17,764 

27,903 

37,063 

359 

35 

8,426 

8,443 

7,724 

8,897 

10,252 

10,413 

10,455 

356 

36 

.. 

2,335 
31,286 

3,313 
24,484 

4,343 
23,263 

4,749 
25,102 

302 
504 

37 

21,249 

23,396 

24,831 

38 

6,619 

7,925 

8,687 

10,037 

10,039 

12,038 

13,083 

258 

39 

19,754 

20,056 

22,736 

23,585 

28,052 

39,074 

60,497 

674 

40 

15,589 

19,442 

20,408 

30,300 

28,908 

30,793 

37,646 

681 

41 

8,039 
5,081 

8,895 
7,921 

10,862 
10,271 

13,700 
13,346 

15,988 
16,222 

22,174 
21,020 

596 
541 

42 

7,074 

43 

6,853 

10,448 

7,706 

10,281 

12,589 

14,104 

16,262 

362 

44 

8,142 

9,504 

9,273 

11,843 

13,851 

14,294 

15,436 

339 

45 

7,636 

7,732 

6,445 

7,765 

8,903 

9,278 

8,840 

596 

46 

14,719 

15,347 

16,931 

22,675 

25,462 

29,004 

34,315 

592 

47 

5,515 

6,683 

7,343 

9,512 

11,853 

12,998 

494 

48 

13,726 

15,656 

16,897 

23,461 

27,239 

32,250 

41,401 

688 

49 

5,038 

5,730 

5,002 

7,491 

7,403 

8,226 

8,721 
11,376 
22,769 

403 

50 
51 

7,828 

10.220 

10,434 

15,344 

14,879 

18,639 

436 

52 

7,746 

8,195 

9,573 

11,061 

12,586 

15,498 

17,132 

296 

53 

6,389 

6,004 

6,615 

8,064 

10,102 

12,104 

12,191 

531 

54 

5,908 

8,192 

12,810 

17,805 

20,644 

20,132 

431 

55 

374 


Census. 


CENSUS  OP  NORTH 


Counties 

Date  of 
Forma- 
tion 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1774 
1842 
1762 
1861 
1779 
1784 
1777 
1729 
1741 
1734 
1752 
1872 
1672 
1875 
1672 
1791 
1760 
1855 
1779 
1779 
1786 
1785 
1753 
1779 
1784 
1899 
1841 
1789 
1771 
1871 
1861 
1729 
1842 
1881 
1770 
1779 
1799 
1849 
1779 
1777 
1855 
1850 
1833 

6,080 

5,629 

5,987 

6,320 

8,539 

7,637 

57  McDowell 

58  Mecklenburg. 

59  Mitchell 

11,395 

10,439 

14,272 

16,895 

20,073 

18,273 

60  Montgomery 

61  Moore    

4,725 
3,770 
7,393 
6,831 
9,981 
5,387 
12,216 

7.677 
4,767 
6,975 
7,060 

12.353 
5,623 

16,362 

8,430 

6,367 

7,268 

11,465 

13,082 

6,669 

20,135 

8,693 

7,128 

8,125 

10,866 

13,242 

7,016 

23,492 

10.919 
7.745 
8,490 

10,959 

13,391 
7,814 

23,908 

10.780 
7,988 

62  Nash -- 

9,047 

63  New  Hanover 

64  Northampton 

13,312 

13,369 

7,527 

66  Orange.. 

24,356 

68  Pasquotank 

69  Pender 

5,497 

5,379 

7,674 

8,008 

§,641 

8,514 

70  Perquimans 

5,440 

5,708 
6,402 
9,084 

6,052 
6.642 
9,169 

6,857 

9,029 

10,001 

7,419 
10,027 
12,093 

7,346 
9,790 

72  Pitt 

8,275 

11,805 

73  Polk 

74  Randolph      

7,276 
5,055 
5,326 
6,187 
15,828 
7,808 
6,065 

9,234 
5,623 
6,839 
8,277 
20,064 
10,753 
6,719 

10,112 

6,695 

7,528 

10,316 

21,543 

13,202 

6,620 

11,331 

7,537 

8,204 

11,474 

26,009 

15,351 

8,908 

12,406 
9,396 
9,433 
12,935 
20,786 
17,557 
11,634 

12,875 

75  Richmond 

76  Robeson        

8,909 
10,370 

77  Rockingham 

78  Rowan 

13,442 
12,109 

79  Rutherford 

19,202 
12,157 

81  Scotland 

82  Stanlv 

83  Stokes 

8,528 
7,191 

11,026 

9,509 

11,645 
10,366 

14,033 
12,320 

16,196 
14,504 

16,265 

15,079 

87  Tvrrell 

4,744 

3,395 

3,364 

4,319 

4,732 

4,657 

88  Union 

89  Vance 

90  Wake 

10,192 
9,397 

13,437 

11,284 

2,422 

17,086 

11,004 

3,464 

20,102 

11,158 

3,986 

20,398 

11,877 

4,552 

21,118. 

91  Warren 

12,919 

4,525 

93  Watauga 

94  Wavne 

6,133 
8,143 

6,772 
7,247 

8,687 
9,054 

9,040 
9,967 

10,331 
11,968 

10,891 

95  Wilkes  ..         

12,577 

96  Wilson 

97  Yadkin 

98  Yancey 

5,962 

Totals    

393,751 

478,103 

555,500 

638,829 

737,987 

753,409 

*In  1758  Dobbs  County  was  formed  from  part  of  Johnston.    In  1791  Dobbs  was  divided 
into  Lenoir  and  Glasgow.     In  1799  the  name  of  Glasgow  was  changed  to  Greene. 


Nortii  Carolina. 


375 


CAROLINA,  1790-1910* — Continued. 


Land  Area 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1910 

in  Square 
Miles 

8,307 

10,195 

9,647 

13,140 

15,221 

15,383 

17,797 

438 

56 

6,246 

7,120 

7,592 

9,836 

10,939 

12,567 

13,538 

437 

57 

13,914 

17,374 

24,299 

34,175 

42,673 

55,268 

67,031 

590 

58 

4,705 

9,435 

12,807 

15,221 

17,245 

362 

59 

6,872 

7,649 

7,487 

9,374 

11,239 

14,197 

14,967 

489 

60 

9,342 

11,427 

12,048 

16.821 

20,479 

23,622 

17,010 

798 

61 

10,657 

11,687 

11,077 

17,731 

20,707 

25,478 

33,727 

584 

62 

17,668 

21,715 

27,978 

21,376 

24,026 

25.785 

32.037 

199 

63 

13,335 

13,372 

14,749 

20,032 

21,242 

21,150 

22,323 

523 

64 

8,283 

8,856 

7,569 

9,829 

10.303 

11,940 

14,125 

645 

65 

17,055 

16,947 

17,507 

23,698 

14,948 

14,690 

15,064 

386 

66 

6,323 

7,146 

8,045 

9,966 

358 

67 

8,950 

8,940 

8,131 

10,369 

10,748 

13,660 

16,693 

231 

68 

12,468 

12,514 

13,381 

15,471 

883 

69 

7,332 

7,238 

7,745 

9,466 

9,293 

10,091 

11,054 

251 

70 

10,781 

11,221 

11,170 

13,719 

15,151 

16,685 

17,356 

386 

71 

13,397 

16,080 

17,276 

21,794 

25,519 

30,889 

36.340 

644 

72 

4,043 

4,319 

5,062 

5,902 

7,004 

7,640 

258 

73 

15,832 

16,793 

17,551 

20,836 

25,195 

28,232 

29,491 

795 

74 

9,818 

11,009 

12,882 

18,245 

23,948 

15,855 

19,673 

466 

75 

12,826 

15,489 

16,262 

23,380 

31,483 

40,371 

51,945 

1,043 

76 

14,495 

16,746 

15,718 

21,744 

25,363 

33,163 

36,442 

573 

77 

13,870 

14,589 

16,810 

19,965 

24.123 

31,066 

37,521 

483 

78 

13,550 

11,573 

13,121 

15,198 

18,770 

25,101 

28,385 

547 

79 

14,585 

16,624 

16,436 

22,894 

25,096 

26,380 
12,553 

29,982 
15.363 

921 
387 

80 
81 

6,922 

7,801 

8.315 

10,505 

12,136 

15,220 

19,909 

413 

82 

9,206 

10,402 

11,208 

15,353 

17,199 

19,866 

20.151 

472 

83 

18,443 

10,380 

11,252 

15,302 

19,281 

25,515 

29,705 

531 

84 

3,784 

6,577 

8,401 

10,403 

560 

85 

3,536 
4,173 

5,340 
4,545 

5.881 
4.225 

6,620 
4,980 

7,191 
5,219 

371 
397 

86 

5,133 

4,944 

87 

10,151 

11,202 

12,217 

18,056 

21,259 

27,150 

33,277 

561 

88 

17,581 

16,684 

19,425 

276 

89 

24,888 

28,627 

35,617 

47,939 

49,207 

54,626 

63,229 

841 

90 

13,912 

15,726 

17,768 

22,619 

19,360 

19,151 

20,266 

432 

91 

5,664 

6,357 

6,516 

8,928 

10.200 

10,608 

11,062 

334 

92 

3,400 

4,957 

5,287 

8,160 

10,611 

13,417 

13,556 

330 

93 

13,486 

14,905 

18,144 

24,951 

26,100 

31,356 

35,698 

597 

94 

12,899 

14,749 

15,539 

19,181 

22,675 

26,872 

30,282 

718 

95 

9,720 

12,258 

16,064 

18,644 

23,596 

28,269 

392 

96 

10,714 

10,697 

12,420 

13,790 

14,083 

15,428 

334 

97 

8,204 

8,655 

5,909 

7,694 

9,490 

11,464 

12,072 

302 

98 

869,039 

992,622 

1,071,361 

1,399,750 

1,617,947 

1,893,810 

2,206,287 

48,580 

376  Census. 


ESTIMATED  POPULATION  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA,  1675-1786. 

1675  4,000 

1701  5,000 

1707  7,000 

1715  11,000 

1729  35,000 

1752  100,000 

1765  200,000 

1771  250,000 

1786  350,000 


North  Carolina. 


377 


POPULATION  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA  CITIES  AND  TOWNS  1910, 

1900,  1890. 


City  or  Town 

County 

1910 

1900 

1890 

Abbottsburg 

Bladen 

Moore 

Davie 

159 

794 
283 
924 

2,116 
118 
98 
936 
221 
48S 
681 
145 
151 

1,865 

18.762 

115 

524 

543 

440 

77 

990 

195 

416 

283 

21! 

370 

56 

2,483 

2,863 

1,176 
800 

1,529 
469 
162 
173 
697 
219 
311 
276 
261 
796 
85 
179 
282 
209 
919 
50 
348 
149 
725 
612 
66 
249 
956 

4,808 

559 

273 

302 

1,382 

227 

Advance 

Ahoskie 

Hertford 

Albemarle 

Stanly 

248 

Alexander 

Almond 

Swain 

Andrews-  .  

Cherokee 

Anson      __   

Wake.  ... 

Anson  ville 

Apex  .  _        

349 
182 
137 
992 
14,694 

269 

A  rchdale 

294 

Arden                 

229 

Asheboro 

Randolph      _.  

510 

Ashe  ville           

10,235 

Atkinson        

Pender .  

Atlantic    .     . 

Carteret..       

Bertie    .         

342 

314 

61 

557 

163 

Aurora  .  _.   

Beaufort         .. 

251 

Autrvville      

Pitt  ...        

Bailey  . 

Nash             

Mitchell      

511 
400 
229 
292 

Bath            

Beaufort     .. 

Edgecombe  and  Nash 

252 

Martin 

Beaufort      

2,195 
383 
145 
384 

1,100 

457 

132 

71 

2,007 

Beaufort 

Belmont    

191 

Bessemer  Citv ._ 

Bethel 

Pitt            

377 

Big  Lick  . 

69 

Biscoe         

Montgomery.......  

Black  Creek 

196 
200 

191 

Black  Mountain 

Bladen  

Watauga     

331 
604 

Boardman 

Bonsai 

Chatham  and  Wake 

Boone,    

Watauga     

155 
183 

97 
584 

42 

144 

Boonville 

Yadkin 

Bostic 

Rutherford 

Brevard 

Transylvania 

327 

Bridgersville . 

Wilson 

Bridgeton 

Craven 

Broadway 

Lee             

Brookford 

Catawba      . 

Brvson 

Swain 

417 

Buie 

Robeson  . 

Buies  Creek 

Harnett 

Burgaw 

Pender 

387 
3,692 

366 

Burlington 

Alamance 

1,716 

37S 


Census. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 


Burns  ville 

Cameron 

Candor 

Canton 

Carthage 

Cary__ 

Castalia 

Catawba 

Cerro  Gordo. 

Chadbourn_ 

Chapel  Hill.. 

Charlotte 

Cherry 

Cherry  ville 

China  Grove 

Chocowinity 

Claremont 

Clarendon 

Clarkton 

Clayton 

Cleveland 

Clinton 

Clyde 

Coats 

Colerain 

Collettsville 

Columbia.. -. 

Columbus 

Concord 

Conetoe 

Conover 

Contentnea 

Cornelius.. 

Council 

Cove  City 

Creedmoor 

Creswell 

Cronly 

Crouse 

Cumberland.. 

Dallas.. 

Davidson 

Denton 

Denver 

Dillsboro 

Dobson 

Dover 

Dudley 

Dunn 

Durham 

East  Bend 

East  Kings  Mountain. 

East  Laurinburg 

East  Lumberton 

East  Spencer 

Edenton 

Edwards 


County 


Yancey 

Moore 

Montgomery. 

Haywood 

Moore 

Wake. 

Nash 

Catawba 

Columbus 

Columbus 

Orange 

Mecklenburg. 
Washington.. 

Gaston 

Rowan 

Beaufort 

Catawba 

Columbus 

Bladen 

Johnston 

Rowan 

Sampson 

Haywood 

Harnett 

Bertie 

Caldwell 

Tyrrell 

Polk 

Cabarrus 

Edgecombe... 

Catawba 

Greene 

Mecklenburg. 

Bladen 

Craven 

Granville 

Washington.. 

Columbus 

Lincoln 

Cumberland.. 

Gaston 

Mecklenburg.. 

Davidson 

Lincoln 

Jackson 

Surry. 

Craven 

Wayne. 

Harnett 

Durham 

Yadkin 

Gaston 

Scotland 

Robeson.. 

Rowan 

Chowan 

Beaufort 


1910 

1900 

1890 

422 

207 
218 

259 
160 

236 

1,393 

230 
605 
333 
163 
169 
123 
243 
1,099 
18,091 

863 

383- 

219 

222 

323 

1,242 

1,149 

34,014 

76 

485 
423 
159 
196 
129 
156 
1,017 
11,557 

1,153 

1,008 
887 

852 
127 

174 

297 

160 

147 

276 

1,441 
426 

754 
19S 
958 
244 

478 

1,101 
344 

169 

839 
90 

189 

207 
57 
382 
334 
7,910 
132 
413 

80 

848 
122 

209 

8,715 
158 
421 
246 

4,339 

88 

337 

833 

74 

308 

324 

329 
289 
175 

224 

78 

202 
122 

300 
1,065 
1,056 

320 

343 
514 
904 

242 
441 
481 

282 
277 

199 
279 
327 

185 

360 

737 

164 

1,823 

18,241 

522 

1,072 

6,679 

444 

419 
5,485 

383 

577 

881 

1,729 

2,789 
171 

3,046 
99 

2,205 
62 

North  Carolina. 


379 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 

County 

1910 

1900 

1890 

Elizabeth  City 

Pasquotank 

8,412 
117 
377 
886 
293 
200 

1,167 
81 
162 
146 
248 
441 
730 
519 
352 
132 
816 

7,045 

1,592 
137 
189 
329 
379 
809 
951 
127 
284 
169 

5,759 
203 
154 

1,162 
308 
119 
102 
304 
126 

6,107 
240 

2,504 

381 

363 

15,895 

4,101 
291 
330 
209 
314 
452 

2,173 
205 
230 
140 
90 
162 
428 

4,503 

2,818 

6,348 
144 
498 
860 
172 
638 
361 
93 
123 
127 

3,251 

Elizabethtown 

Bladen 

Elk  Park      

Mitchell 

313 

288 

Elkin             

Surry 

Enfield               

568 

Fair  Bluff 

328 
432 
308 

243 

256 

Faith             

Falkland            

Pitt           

139 

262 

4,670 

1,090 

157 

61 
140 

4   999 

Pitt            

419 

171 
335 
761 
435 

62 
281 
583 

377 

Fuquay  Springs 

Wake - 

Wake           

"269" 
4,610 
200 
129 
521 
137 

1  033 

232 

Alamance-Guilford 

252 

Gold  Hill - 

514 
124 

5,877 

335 

Gold  Point 

4,017 

2,052 
277 

991 

Caldwell 

207 

Granite  Quarry 

Guilford 

10,035 
2,565 
229 
277 
174 
306 
493 
639 

3  317 

Pitt          

1  937 

Grifton 

Pitt 

121 

Pitt        - 

Cleveland 

126 

361 

781 

Hardin  Mills 

205 
109 

Hertf  01  d 

110 

Hassell         . 

Martin 

Chatham 

Hazelwood 

Haywood 

3,746 
1,917 

4,191 

Hendersonville 

Henderson 

1,216 

380 


Census. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 


Hertford 

Hickory 

High  Point 

Highland 

Highlands 

Hildebran 

Hillsboro 

Hobgood 

Hoffman 

Holly  Spiings 

Hollyville 

Hookerton 

Hope  Mills 

Hot  Springs 

Hudson 

Hunters  ville 

Icemorlee 

Indian  Trail 

Ingold 

Iron  Station 

Jackson 

Jacksonville 

Jamesville 

Jasor 

Jefferson 

Jonesboro 

Jonesville 

Jupitei 

Kelford., — 

Kenansville 

Kenly.... 

Kemersville 

Keyser --- 

Kings  Mountain. 

Kinston 

Kittrell. 

LaGrange 

Landis 

Lasker 

Lattimore 

Laurinburg 

Lawndale 

Leaksville 

Leechville 

Leicester 

Lenoir 

Lewarae 

Lewiston 

Lexington 

Liberty 

Lilesville 

Lillington 

Lincolnton 

Littleton 

Longview 

Louisbuig — 

LowelL _- 

Lucama 


County 


Perquimans 

Catawba-- -- 

Guilford 

Catawba 

Macon 

Burke 

Orange 

Halifax 

Richmond 

Wake .... 

Pamlico 

Greene 

Cumberland 

Madison — 

Caldwell 

Mecklenburg 

Union 

Union 

Sampson 

Lincoln 

Northampton 

Onslow 

Martin 

Greene 

Ashe 

Lee_ 

Yadkin 

Buncombe 

Bertie 

Duplin 

Johnston — 

Forsyth 

Moore 

Cleveland-Gaston. 

Lenoir 

Vance 

Lenoir 

Rowan — 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

Scotland 

Cleveland 

Rockingham 

Beaufort 

Buncombe 

Caldwell 

Richmond 

Bertie 

Davidson 

Randolph 

Anson 

Harnett 

Linccln 

Halifax-Warren 

Catawba 

Franklin 

Gaston 

Wilson 


1910 


1,841 

3,716 

9.525 
487 
267 
140 
857 
165 
175 
261 
126 
204 
964 
443 
411 
591 
398 
154 
124 
107 
527 
505 
398 
60 
184 
799 
621 
111 
316 
270 
726 

1,128 
170 

2,218 

6.995 
242 

1,007 
437 
203 
297 

2,322 
568 

1,127 
151 
153 

3,364 
279 
262 

4,163 
474 
386 
380 

2,413 

1 ,  152 
243 

1,775 
876 
266 


1900 


1,382 
2,535 
4,163 


219 
109 
707 
122 
184 
219 


127 
167 
271 
260 
652 
180 
2,062 
4,106 
168 
853 


121 

108 
1,334 


688 

100 

126 

1,296 


1890 


163 
,234 
304 
213 
65 
828 


1,178 
290 
236 


733 
2,023 


233 

"662 


218 


139 

881 
445 

173 
456 
695 

533 

431 

86 

78 

441 
309 
235 

750 
170 
346 

230 
640 

413 
541 

291 
137 
900 
295 
429 
1,726 
317 
775 


1,357 
"726 


673 


373 

1,440 

366 

222 


957 
534 


667 


North  Carolina. 


381 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 


Lumber  Bridge. 

Lumberton 

McAdenville 

McFarland 

Macon... 

Madison 

Magnolia 

Maiden 

Manlv 


County 


Robeson 

Robeson 

Gaston 

Anson 

Warren 

Rockingham, 

Duplin 

Catawba 

Moore 


1910 


Marteo Dare. 

Mapleton 

Margarettsville. 

Marion. 

Marlboro 

Mars  Hill 

Marshall. 

Marshville 

Matthews 

Maur.in 

Maxton 

Mayodan 

Maysville 

Mebane 

Merry  Oaks. 


Hertford 

Northampton 

McDowell 

Pitt. 

Madison 

Madison — 

Union 

Mecklenburg 

Pitt 

Pobeson 

Rockingham 

Jones 

Alamance-Orange. 
Chatham 


Micro Johnston. 


Middleburg 

Middlesex 

Milton 

Mineral  Springs 

Mint  Hill 

Mocksville 

Moncure 

Monroe 

Montezuma 

Mooresboro 

Mooresville 

Morehead  City. 

Morranton 

Morrisvillc 

Mortimer 

Morven.. 

Mount  Airy 

Mount  Gilead... 

Mount  Holly 

Mount  Olive 

Mount  Pleasant 

Mountain  Island ]  Gaston 

Murf reesboro !  Hertf old 


Vance. 

Nash 

Caswell 

Union 

Mecklenburg. 

Davie 

Chatham 

Union 

Mitchell. 

Cleveland 

Iredell 

Caiteret 

Burke 

Wake 

Caldwell 

Anson 

Surry 

Montgomery. 

Gaston 

Wayne 

Cabarrus 


Murphy 

Nashville 

Nebo 

New  Hill 

New  London... 

New  Bern 

Newport 

Newton 

Newton  Grove 

North  Wilkesboro. 


Cherokee.. 

Nash 

McDowell- 
Wake 

Stanly 

Craven 

Carteret... 
Catawba.. 
Sampson.. 
Wilkes 


1900 


165 

2,230 
983 
186 
189 

1.033 
653 
664 
220 
408 
52 
107 

1,519 
225 
301 
802 
499 
396 
141 

1,321 

874 

345 

693 

88 

74 

117 

467 

419 

86 

194 

1,063 
100 

4,082 
254 
198 

3,400 

2,039 

2,712 
151 
261 
498 

3,844 
723 
526 

1,071 
753 
347 
809 
977 
750 
160 
95 
312 

9,961 
321 

2,316 
73 

1.902 


181 
849 
1,144 
112 
157 
813 
454 
614 
176 
312 


1890 


584 


450 
460 
264 
192 


123 

63 

1,116 

799 

111 

92 

289 
337 

203 

349 

378 

335 

935 

694 

904 

98 

218 

61 
169 

490 

705 

192 
745 

2,427 

1,866 

219 

144 

197 

1,533 

886 

1,379 

1,064 

1,928 

1,557 

100 

149 

447 
2,680 

1,768 

395 
630 

472 

617 

393 

444 

375 

450 

376 

657 

674 

604 

803 

479 

401 

299 

317 

9,090 

7,843 

328 

218 

1,583 

1,038 

75 

63 

918 

582 


Census. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 


Norwood 

Oak  City 

Oakley 

Old  Fort 

Ore  Hill 

Oriental. 

Orrum 

Oxfoid.. 

Pactolus 

Palmyra 

Pantego 

Parkersburg 

Park  ton 

Parmele. 

Patteison 

Peachland 

Pee  Dee 

Pembroke 

Pendleton 

Pikeville 

Pjlot  Mountain 

Pine  Level. 

Pine  Bluff 

Pinetops 

Pineville 

Pink  Hill 

Pittsboro... --. 

Plymouth 

Polkton 

Pollocksville 

Powellsville. 

Princeton 

Prince  ville 

Raeford 

Raleigh 

Ramseur 

Randleman 

Red  Springs 

Reidsville 

Rennert 

Rhodhiss 

Rich  Square 

Richfield 

Richlands 

Ringwood 

Roanoke  Rapids 

Robbins  ville 

Roberdel 

Roberso  ville 

Rockingham 

Rockwell 

Rocky  Mount 

Rocky  Mount  Mills. 

Roles  ville 

Roper 

Rose  Hill 

Roseboro 

Rosman 


County 


Stanly.. 

Martin 

Pitt 

McDowell 

Chatham 

Pamlico 

Robeson 

Granville 

Pitt... 

Halifax 

Beaufort 

Sampson 

Robeson 

Martin 

Caldwell 

Anson -- 

Richmond 

Robeson -- 

Northampton 

Wayne 

Surry 

Johnston 

Moore 

Edgecombe 

Mecklenburg 

Lenoir 

Chatham 

Washington 

Anson 

Jones 

Beitie 

Johnston — 

Edgecombe 

Cumberland 

Wake 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Robeson 

Rockingham 

Robeson — 

Caldwell 

Northampton 

Stanly -- 

Onslow 

Halifax 

Halifax... - 

Graham 

Richmond 

Martin 

Richmond 

Rowan 

Edgecombe-Nash 

Nash 

Wake 

Washington 

Duplin 

Sampson.. ._ 

Transylvania 


1910 


19, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
4, 


928 
251 

57 
778 

94 

645 

214 

,018 

154 

94 
324 

67 
219 
272 

86 
232 
628 
258 

62 
210 
652 
394 

92 
211 
688 

58 

502 

,165 

287 

227 

75 
354 
627 
580 
218 
022 
950 
089 
828 
179 
370 
367 
210 
445 
147 
,670 
122 
422 
616 
,155 
249 
,051 
480 
170 
819 
364 
183 
145 


1900 


1890 


663 
115 


253 
"§66" 


2,059 

52 

131 

253 

57 


336 
"156" 


86 
168 
710 
266 


585 


424 
1,011 
276 
198 
44 
281 
552 


13,643 
769 

2,190 
858 

3,262 
133 


232 
73 

160 

98 

1,009 


275 
1,507 


2,937 
605 
155 


159 

"249 


2,907 
105 
114 
151 


58 


264 


1,212 
247 
143 

"""248 
428 


12,678 
"~L754 
"~2~969 


643 

"198 
92 


228 


816 
"150 


63    . 


Nobth  Carolina. 


383 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 

County 

1910 

1900 

1890 

Rowland 

Robeson 

787 

1,425 
491 
437 
229 

1,062 
419 

5,533 

7,153 
235 

2,282 
136 

1,726 
280 

1,331 
139 
121 

3,127 
315 
308 
895 

1,347 
450 
238 
390 
202 
542 

1,484 
199 

1,915 

1,246 
321 
204 
239 

4,599 
79 
159 
404 
161 
82 
305 
185 
390 
698 
418 

4,129 
662 
154 

3,877 
269 
590 
331 
332 
230 

1,055 

700 

13 

139 

357 

1,021 

227 

72 

Roxboro 

Person 

421 

Roxobel...     

Bertie 

Rovall  Cotton  Mills. 

Wake 

Rutherford  College 

Burke 

Rutherf  ordton 

Rutherford 

880 

St.  Pauls - -.- 

Robeson 

Forsvth - 

3,642 

6,277 
211 

1,044 
123 

1,348 
287 
816 
149 

2,711 

4,418 

Saluda     

Polk 

Sanford . 

Lee       

367 

Saratoga 

Wilson 

102 

Scotland  Neck 

Northampton 

778 

Seaboard  

201 

Selma      

527 

Shallotte                        .-  . 

Sharpsburg . 

Nash 

Cleveland - 

Shelby        

1,874 

1,394 

Shelmerdine 

Pitt     

Shore . 

Yadkin    

Siler  City. 

Chatham 

440 
764 
405 
312 

254 

Smithfield             

550 

Snow  Hill              - 

283 

South  Mills 

South  Wadesboro 

154 

517 

1,336 

501 

Southport  .     _ 

1,207 

Sparta  ..     .     . 

Alleghany 

95 

Spring  Hope 

Nash 

666 
441 

248 

Star          .         . 

Montgomery 

211 
3,141 

Statesville 

Iredell 

2,318 

Pitt                

Guilford         -   - 

115 

168 

196 

Hyde               

265 
281 

233 

Edgecombe 

2,499 
413 

1,924 

Teacheys -  - 

52 

751 
258 
560 

274 

590 

Tillery 

482 

207 

Trinitv 

Randolph 

380 

Troy 

878 
324 

Polk 

Tunis 

176 

102 

384 


Census. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES  AND  TOWNS— Continued. 


City  or  Town 


Union  Mills 

Vanceboro 

Vandemere... . 

Vass-_ ..- 

Vaughan 

Waco 

Wadesboro 

Wake  Forest 

Wakefield 

Wallace 

Walnut 

Walnut  Cove 

Walstonburg 

Warrenton 

Warsaw... 

Washington 

Watha 

Waxhaw. 

Waynes  ville 

Weaver  ville__ 

Webster 

Weldon 

Wendell 

West  Hickory 

West  Lumberton___ 

Westray 

Whitakers 

Whitehall 

White  ville 

Whittier. 

Wilbanks 

Wilkesboro 

Williams 

Williamston 

Wilmington 

Wilson 

Windsor 

Winfall 

Wingate 

Winston 

Winterville - 

Winton 

Woodland 

Woodleaf 

Worthville 

Wrightsville  Beach. 

Yadkin  College 

Yadkinville 

Yancey  ville 

Younesville 

7-ebuion 


County 


Rutherford 

Craven 

Pamlico 

Moore 

Warren 

Cleveland — 

Anson 

Wake 

Wake 

Duplin... 

Madison 

Stokes — 

Greene 

Warren 

Duplin.. 

Beaufort 

Pender - 

Union 

Haywood 

Buncombe 

Jackson 

Halifax 

Wake 

Catawba 

Robeson 

Nash 

Edgecombe-Nash. 

Wayne 

Columbus.—. 

Jackson-Swain 

Wilson - 

Wilkes 

Yadkin. 

Martin 

New  Hanover 

Wilson 

Bertie 

Perquimans 

Union 

Forsvth 

Pitt 

Hertford 

Northampton 

Rowan 

Randolph 

New  Hanover 

Davidson 

Yadkin. __ 

Caswell 

Franklin 

Wake 


1910 


1, 


155 
392 
296 
273 
420 
185 

2,376 

1,443 
287 
444 
215 
480 
127 
807 
723 

6,211 

169 

602 

,008 

442 

227 

,999 

759 

846 

231 

46 

755 

179 

,368 

216 

45 

799 

53 

1,574 
25,748 

6,717 
684 
289 
353 
17,167 
484 
624 
312 
187 
393 
54 
130 
432 
338 
431 
483 


1, 


111(10 


291 
169 


1890 


160 
1,546 
823 
142 
218 


336 


836 

576 

4,842 


46 


345 


90 


105 

1,198 

853 


119 
"320 


740 

401 

3,545 


752 

1,307 

329 

455 
216 

1,433 

1,286 

213 

388 
114 
643 

372 

635 

336 

912 

751 

20,976 

20,056 

3,525 

2,126 

597 

522 

222 



10,008 

8,018 

243 

688 

419 

242 

247 

467 

328 

22 
210 
292 

175 

205 


North  Carolina. 


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PART  XIII. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


1.  Executive  Officials. 

2.  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

3.  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress. 

4.  Senators  and  Representatives  in  the  Generaj  . 

Assembly. 


EXECUTIVE  OFFICIALS. 


THOMAS  WALTER  BICKETT. 

GOVERNOR. 

Thomas  W.  Bickett,  Democrat,  of  Franklin  County,  was  born  at 
Monroe,  N.  C,  February  28,  1869.  Son  of  T.  W.  and  Mary  A.  (Cov- 
ington) Bickett.  Educated  at  Wake  Forest  College,  A.B.,  1890. 
Studied  law  at  University  of  North  Carolina,  1892-1893.  Lawyer. 
Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1907.  Attorney-General  of 
North  Carolina,  1909-1916.  Elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina  in 
1916.  LL.D.  (University  of  N.  C).  Mason.  Episcopalian.  Married 
Miss  Fannie  Yarborough,  November  29,  1898.  One  child.  Address: 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 


JOHN  BRYAN  GRIMES. 

SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

J.  Bryan  Grimes,  Democrat,  of  Pitt  County,  was  born  in  Raleigh, 
N.  C,  June  3,  1868.  Son  of  Bryan  and  Charlotte  Emily  (Bryan) 
Grimes.  Educated  at  private  schools;  Raleigh  Male  Academy;  Trin- 
ity School  (Chocowinity,  N.  C);  Lynch's  High  School  (High  Point, 
N.  C);  University  of  North  Carolina;  Bryant  &  Stratton  Business 
College  (Baltimore,  Md.).  Planter.  Member  of  State  Farmers  Alli- 
ance. Member  of  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society.  Member 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  1899-1900.  Was  elected  Secretary  of 
State  in  1900,  reelected  in  1904,  1908,  1912,  and  1916.  Term  expires 
1920.  Ex-President  Tobacco  Growers  Association  of  North  Carolina. 
Chairman  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission.  Member  State 
Literary  and  Historical  Association.  President  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  Member  Executive  Com- 
mittee, Trustees  University  of  North  Carolina;  member  of  the 
Farmers  Cooperative  and  Educational  Union.  Aide-de-camp  on  staff 
of  Governor  Elias  Carr,  with  rank  of  Colonel.  Fraternal  orders: 
Masons,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Episcopalian.  Married, 
November  14,  1894,  Miss  Mary  Octavia  Laughinghouse;  February  3, 
1904,  Miss  Elizabeth  Forest  Laughinghouse.    Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


392  Biographical  Sketches. 

BENJAMIN  RICE  LACY. 

STATE  TREASURER. 

Benjamin  R.  Lacy,  Democrat,  of  Wake  County,  was  born  in  Ra- 
leigh, N.  C.  June  19,  1854.  Son  of  Rev.  Drury  and  Mary  Richie 
(Rice)  Lacy.  Educated  at  Preparatory  School  of  R.  H.  Graves  (Gra- 
ham, N.  C),  1868:  Bingham  School  (Mebane,  N.  C),  1869-1870.  Fif- 
teen years  a  locomotive  engineer.  Member  of  Brotherhood  of  Loco- 
motive Engineers.  Delegate  to  three  Grand  Conventions  of  B.  of  L. 
E.  Alderman  of  City  of  Raleigh.  State  Commissioner  of  Labor  and 
Printing  for  six  years.  Elected  State  Treasurer  in  1900;  reelected  in 
1904,  1908,  1912,  1916.  Term  expires  1920.  Mason,  Odd  Fellow,  Jr. 
O.  U.  A.  M.  Presbyterian,  deacon.  Married,  June  27,  1882,  Miss 
Mary  Burwell.     Seven  children.     Address:    Raleigh,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM   PENN  WOOD. 

STATE   AUDITOR. 

William  Penn  Wood,  Democrat,  of  Randolph  County,  was  born  at 
Asheboro,  N.  C,  May  2,  1843.  Son  of  Penuel  and  Calista  (Birkhead) 
Wood.  Educated  in  common  schools  of  Randolph  County,  1850-1861. 
Merchant.  Member  Randolph  Business  Men's  Club.  Town  Treas- 
urer, 1880-18S8;  County  Treasurer,  1890-1894.  Represented  Randolph 
and  Moore  counties  in  State  Senate,  1901;  Representative  in  General 
Assembly  from  Randolph  County,  1905,  1907.  Nominated  State 
Auditor  in  October,  1910,  by  the  Democratic  State  Executive  Com- 
mittee, to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Dr.  B.  F.  Dixon,  and 
was  elected  in  the  general  election  in  November,  1910;  reelected  1912 
and  1916.  Term  expires  1920.  Sergeant  in  Confederate  Army.  Fra- 
ternal orders:  Knights  of  Pythias,  Mason,  Royal  Arch  Mason, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Methodist;  steward  since  1866.  Mar- 
ried, September  4,  1872,  Miss  Etta  Gunter.  Three  children.  Address: 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

EUGENE  CLYDE  BROOKS. 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 

Eugene  Clyde  Brooks,  Democrat,  of  Durham  County,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  December  3,  1871.     He  is  a  son  of  Eugene  J.  and 


Executive  Officials.  393 

Martha  Eleanor  (Brooks)  Brooks.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Bethel  Academy  in  Lenoir  County  in  1881-1890,  and  was  graduated 
at  Trinity  College  in  1894.  In  1913-1914  he  was  a  student  at  Teach- 
ers' College,  Columbia  University.  Dr.  Brooks  has  been  a  teacher 
all  of  his  life.  He  was  principal  of  the  Kinston  graded  schools  in 
1900;  superintendent  of  the  Monroe  graded  schools  in  1900-1903; 
Rural  School  Supervisor  and  Secretary  to  the  Educational  Cam- 
paign Committee  (in  the  North  Carolina  State  Department  of  Edu- 
cation), 1903-1904;  superintendent  of  the  Goldsboro  graded  schools, 
1904-1907;  and  Professor  of  Education  in  Trinity  College,  1907-1918. 
In  1906  he  became  editor  of  "North  Carolina  Education."  He  was 
president  of  the  North  Carolina  Teachers'  Assembly  in  1913-1914; 
and  a  member  of  the  State  Educational  Commission,  1917-1918.  In 
1918  he  was  appointed  State  Director  of  the  National  Educational 
Association.  Davidson  College  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Literature  in  1918.  Mr.  Brooks  has  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  civic  matters.  In  1913  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  city  of  Durham;  vice-president  of  the 
Durham  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  1918;  vice-president  of  the  Dur- 
ham Building  and  Loan  Association,  1916-1918;  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Durham  Public  Library,  1914-1918;  and  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  Durham  City  Schools, 
1914-1918.  Mr.  Brooks  is  the  author  of  "Story  of  Cotton,"  "Story 
of  Corn,"  "Life  of  Braxton  Craven,"  "Woodrow  Wilson  as  President," 
and  "Education  for  Democracy,"  and  coauthor  of  "North  Carolina 
Geography,"  "Agricultural  Arithmetic,"  and  "History  in  the  Ele- 
mentary Schools,"  and  editor  of  "Agriculture  and  Rural  Life  Day" 
and  "North  Carolina  Poems."  He  is  a  member  of  the  Durham  Rotary 
Club.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Ida  Myrtle  Sapp.  Three  children. 
Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


JAMES  SMITH  MANNING. 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

James  Smith  Manning,  Democrat,  of  Durham  County,  was  born 
June  1,  1859.  Son  of  John  and  Louisa  Jones  (Hall)  Manning.  Edu- 
cated at  Pittsboro  Female  Academy  (Dr.  Sutton)  and  A.  H.  Merritt's 
school;  University  of  North  Carolina,  A.B.,  1879;  University  of 
North    Carolina    Law    School.      Lawyer.      Nominated    for    Superior 


394  Biographical  Sketches. 

Court  Judge,  1896.  Attorney  for  City  of  Durham,  1886-1887.  Repre- 
sentative from  Durham  County  in  General  Assembly  of  1907.  State 
Senator  from  Nineteenth  District  in  1909.  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  1909-1910.  In  1912  moved  to  Raleigh  and  joined  a 
partnership  with  former  Governor  W.  W.  Kitchin  under  the  firm 
name  of  Manning  and  Kitchin.  Elected  Attorney-General  in  1916. 
Trustee  University  of  North  Carolina.  Episcopalian.  Married.  De- 
cember 12,  1888,  Miss  Julia  Tate  Cain.  Six  children.  Address: 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

WILLIAM  ALEXANDER  GRAHAM. 

COMMISSIONER  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

William  A.  Graham,  Democrat,  of  Lincoln  County,  was  born  De- 
cember 26,  1839,  at  Hillsboro,  N.  C.  Son  of  William  A.  and  Susan 
(Washington)  Graham.  Educated  at  private  schools,  1847-1848; 
Caldwell  Institute  (Hillsboro,  N.  C);  Union  Academy  (Washington, 
D.  C);  University  of  North  Carolina,  1856-1859;  Princeton  College, 
A.B.,  1860.  Farmer.  President  North  Carolina  Farmers'  Alliance 
two  terms;  State  Senator,  18741875,  1879;  Representative,  1905. 
Member  of  North  Carolina  Board  of  Agriculture,  1899-1908.  Elected 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture  in  1908,  and  reelected  in  1912,  and 
1916.  Term  expires  1920.  Captain  Co.  K,  2d  N.  C.  Cavalry,  C.  S.  A. 
Major  and  Assistant  Adjutant  General  of  North  Carolina  State 
Troops.  Baptist.  Moderator  of  South  Fork  Association.  Thirty 
years  Chairman  of  Executive  Committee.  President  Baptist  State 
Convention.  Author:  Gen.  Joseph  Graham  and  His  Revolutionary 
Papers;  History  of  South  Fork  Association;  Life  and  Services  of 
Gen.  William  L.  Davidson;  Battle  of  Ramsaur's  Mill;  History  of 
Second  Regiment  North  Carolina  Cavalry,  and  North  Carolina  Adju- 
tant General's  Department  (North  Carolina  Regiments),  1861-1865. 
Walter  Clark,  Editor.  Married,  first,  Miss  Julia  R.  Lane,  June  9, 
1864;  second.  Miss  Sallie  Clark,  November,  1914.  Eleven  children. 
Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


MITCHELL  LEE  SHIPMAN. 

COMMISSIONER   of  labor  and  printing. 

M.  L.  Shipman,  Democrat,  of  Henderson  County,  was  born  at  Bow- 
man's Bluff,   Henderson  County,  December  31,  1866.     Son  of  F.  M. 


Executive  Officials.  395 

and  Martha  A.  (Dawson)  Shipman.  Educated  in  public  schools  and 
private  high  schools.  Editor.  Teacher.  Superintendent  Public  In- 
struction Transylvania  County,  1892-1895.  Twice  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, twice  Historian,  and  once  President  North  Carolina  Press 
Association.  Member  National  Editorial  Association.  Chairman 
Henderson  County  Democratic  Executive  Committee,  1898-1906; 
Chairman  Senatorial  and  Congressional  District  committees;  mem- 
ber State  Democratic  Executive  Committee;  Calendar  Clerk,  State 
Senate,  1899-1905;  Assistant  Commissioner  of  Labor  and  Printing, 
1905-1908.  Elected  Commissioner  of  Labor  and  Printing,  1908;  re- 
elected 1912  and  1916.  Term  expires  1920.  Second  Vice-President 
International  Association  of  Labor  Commissioners  and  Chairman  of 
the  Executive  Committee.  Fraternal  orders:  Odd  Fellows  (Past 
Grand  Master),  Knights  of  Pythias  (Past  Chancellor),  Royal  Ar- 
canum, Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Baptist;  Clerk  of  North  Carolina  Associa- 
tion, 1902.  Married  Miss  Lula  Osborne,  of  Brevard,  July  12,  1896. 
Four  children.     Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


JAMES  R.  YOUNG. 

INSURANCE    COMMISSIONER. 

James  R.  Young,  Democrat,  of  Vance  County,  was  born  February 
13,  1853,  in  Granville  County,  N.  C.  Son  of  Dr.  P.  W.  and  Jane 
Eliza  (Cooper)  Young.  Educated  at  Horner's  Military  School  (Ox- 
ford, N.  C);  Hampden-Sidney  College  (Va.).  Insurance  agent. 
Clerk  Vance  County  Superior  Court,  1881-1890.  State  Insurance  Com- 
missioner since  1899.  Fraternal  orders:  Masons,  Elks,  Odd  Fellows. 
Presbyterian.  Elder.  Married  Miss  Virginia  Nichols.  Address: 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 


JUSTICES  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT. 


WALTER  CLARK. 

CHIEF  JUSTICE. 

Walter  Clark,  Democrat,  of  Wake  County,  was  born  in  Halifax 
County,  N.  C,  August  19,  1846.  Son  of  David  and  Anna  M.  (Thorne) 
Clark.  Graduated  from  University  of  North  Carolina  1864.  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  C.  S.  A.  Admitted  to  the  bar,  1868.  Judge  of  Supe- 
rior Court,  1885-1889.  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1889- 
1902.  Chief  Justice  since  January  1,  1903.  Frequent  contributor  to 
periodical  literature.  Author:  Clark's  Annotated  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure. Translator  from  the  French:  Constant's  Memoirs  of  Na- 
poleon (3  vols.).  Editor:  The  State  Records  of  North  Carolina  (16 
vols.);  The  North  Carolina  Regiments,  1861-1865  (5  vols.);  Reprints 
of  North  Carolina  Supreme  Court  Reports,  with  annotations  (132 
vols.).  President  North  Carolina  Literary  and  Historical  Associa- 
tion, 1900-1901.  LL.D.  (University  of  N.  C).  Methodist.  Married 
Miss  Susan  W.,  daughter  of  William  A.  Graham,  January  28,  1874. 
Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


PLATT   DICKINSON   WALKER. 

ASSOCIATE  JUSTICE. 

Platt  D.  Walker,  Democrat,  of  Mecklenburg  County,  was  born  in 
Wilmington,  N.  C.  Son  of  Thomas  D.  and  Mary  Vance  (Dickinson) 
Walker.  Educated  at  George  W.  Jewett's  School,  Wilmington,  and 
James  H.  Horner's  School,  Oxford,  N.  C;  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina, Class  of  1869.  Finished  collegiate  course  at  University  of  Vir- 
ginia and  studied  law  there  under  Prof.  John  B.  Minor  and  Prof. 
Southall,  received  LL.B.  diploma  in  1869.  Obtained  his  license  to 
practice  law  at  June  Term,  1870,  of  Supreme  Court;  admitted  to  the 
Bar  of  North  Carolina  and  settled  at  Rockingham,  1870,  and  prac- 
ticed law  with  the  late  Hon.  Walter  L.  Steele,  afterwards  member  of 
Congress.  Representative  from  Richmond  County  in  General  As- 
sembly of  North   Carolina,  1874-1875.     Removed  to  Charlotte,  1876, 


Justices  of  Supreme  Court.  397 

and  entered  into  partnership  with  the  late  Hon.  Clement  Dowd 
(afterwards  member  of  Congress)  for  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  in 
November,  1880,  with  Hon.  Armistead  Burwell,  afterwards  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in  1892  with  E.  T.  Cansler,  Esq.  Has 
been  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  since 
January  1,  1903.  First  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, 1899.  President  State  Literary  and  Historical  Association, 
1909-10.  Trustee  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1901-1905. 
Director  of  the  Highland  Park  Manufacturing  Company  of  Charlotte. 
LL.D.  (Davidson  College,  1903,  and  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1908).  Episcopalian.  Married  Miss  Nettie  Settle  Covington,  June 
5,  1878,  at  Reidsville,  N.  C;  Miss  Alma  Locke  Mordecai,  June  8,  1910. 
Residence:    Charlotte,  N.  C.     Office:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  H.  BROWN, 

ASSOCIATE   JUSTICE. 

George  H.  Brown,  Democrat,  of  Beaufort  County,  was  born  in 
Washington,  N.  C,  May  3,  1850.  Son  of  Sylvester  T.  and  Elizabeth 
(Bonner)  Brown.  Educated  at  Horner's  Military  School  (Oxford, 
N.  C).  Studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  at  Washington,  N.  C,  from  1872  to  1889.  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  North  Carolina,  1889-1904.  Elected  Associate  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court,  1904;  reelected,  1912.  LL.D.  (University 
of  N.  C).  Term  expires,  1920.  On  December  17,  1874,  was  married 
to  Mrs.  Laura  Ellison.  Residence:  Washington,  N.  C.  Office: 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  ALEXANDER  HOKE. 

ASSOCIATE   JUSTICE. 

William  A.  Hoke,  Democrat,  of  Lincoln  County,  was  born  at  Lin- 
colnton,  N.  C,  October  25,  1851.  Son  of  Col.  John  Franklin  and 
Catherine  Wilson  (Alexander)  Hoke.  Educated  at  private  schools. 
Studied  law  under  Chief  Justice  Richmond  Pearson,  at  Richmond 
Hill,  N.  C.  Admitted  to  Bar,  1872.  Practiced  law  at  Shelby  and 
Lincolnton,  N.  C,  until  1891.  Representative  in  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina  in  1889.     Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  1891-1904.     Elected 


398  Biographical  Sketches. 

Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina,  1904;  re- 
elected, 1912.  Member  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  LL.D.  (University 
of  N.  C).  Episcopalian.  At  Lincolnton,  December  16,  1897,  married 
to  Miss  Mary  McBee.  Residence:  Lincolnton,  N.  C.  Office:  Raleigh, 
N.  C. 


WILLIAM  REYNOLDS  ALLEN. 

ASSOCIATE   JUSTICE. 

William  Reynolds  Allen,  Democrat,  of  Wayne  County,  was  born 
at  Kenansville,  North  Carolina,  March  26,  1860.  Son  of  William  A. 
and  Maria  Goodwin  (Hicks)  Allen.  Educated  at  R.  W.  Millard's 
and  Samuel  Clement's  schools,  Kenansville,  1868-1876,  and  at  Trinity 
College,  1876-1877.  Studied  law  under  his  father.  Lawyer.  Repre- 
sentative from  Wayne  County  in  General  Assembly,  1893,  1899,  1901. 
Chairman  Board  of  Education  Wayne  County.  Judge  Superior  Court, 
1894-1895;  1903-1911.  Elected  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  North  Carolina,  1910.  LL.D.  (University  of  N.  C).  Methodist. 
Has  been  a  member  Board  of  Stewards  and  now  Trustee  Methodist 
Orphanage.  Married,  November  3,  1886,  Miss  Mattie  M.  Moore.  Five 
children.    Address:   Goldsboro,  N.  C. 


MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS. 


SENATOKS. 


FURNIFOLD  M.  SIMMONS. 

F.  M.  Simmons,  Democrat,  of  Trenton  (R.  F.  D.),  Jones  County, 
was  born  January  20,  1854,  in  the  county  of  Jones,  N.  C.  Graduated 
at  Trinity  College  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  in  June,  1873;  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  in  1875,  and  has  practiced  the  profession  of  law 
since  then.  In  1886  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Fiftieth  Congress 
from  the  Second  Congressional  District  of  North  Carolina.  In  1893 
was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Fourth  Collec- 
tion District  of  North  Carolina,  and  served  in  that  office  during  the 
term  of  Mr.  Cleveland.  In  the  campaigns  of  1892,  1898,  1900,  1902, 
1904,  and  1906,  was  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  State.  LL.D.  (Trinity  College,  N.  C,  1901;  University 
of  N.  C,  1916).  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  suc- 
ceed Marion  Butler,  Populist,  for  the  term  beginning  March  4,  1901, 
and  reelected  in  1907,  and  again  in  1913,  having  been  chosen  in  the 
Democratic  primary,  November  5,  1912,  over  two  opponents,  Governor 
W.  W.  Kitchin  and  Chief  Justice  Walter  Clark.  Chairman  of  Finance 
Committee  in  the  Sixty-fourth  and  Sixty-fifth  Congresses.  In  1918 
reelected,  for  term  March  4,  1919-March  3,  1925. 


LEE  SLATER  OVERMAN. 

Lee  Slater  Overman,  Democrat,  of  Salisbury,  was  born  January 
3,  1854,  in  Salisbury,  Rowan  County.  Graduated  Trinity  College, 
North  Carolina,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  June,  1874;  the  degree  of 
M.A.  was  conferred  upon  him  two  years  later;  taught  school  two 
years;  was  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  Z.  B.  Vance  in  1877-1878, 
and  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  Thomas  J.  Jarvis  in  1879.  Began 
the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  town  in  1880;  has  had  a  leading 
practice;  was  five  times  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  sessions  of 
1883,  1885,  1887,  1893,  and  1899;   was  the  choice  of  the  Democratic 


400  Biographical  Sketches. 

caucus  for  Speaker  in  1887,  and  was  defeated  by  one  vote,  through 
a  combination  of  Independents  and  Republicans;  was  the  unanimous 
choice  of  his  party  and  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repi-esenta- 
tives,  session  of  1893;  was  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad 
Company  in  1894;  was  the  choice  of  the  Democratic  caucus  for 
United  States  Senator  in  1895,  and  was  defeated  in  open  session  by 
Hon.  Jeter  C.  Pritchard,  through  a  combination  of  Republicans  and 
Populists;  was  Chairman  of  Democratic  State  Conventions,  1900- 
1910;  Trustee  of  the  University  of  N.  C,  1885-1911;  is  also  a  Trustee 
of  Trinity  College;  was  chosen  Presidential  Elector  for  the  State  at 
large  in  1900.  Married  Miss  Mary  P.,  the  eldest  daughter  of  United 
States  Senator,  afterwards  Chief  Justice,  A.  S.  Merrimon,  October 
31,  1878.  Was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  succeed  Jeter  C. 
Pritchard,  Republican,  for  the  term  beginning  March  4,  1903.  His 
first  term  expired  March  3,  1909.  By  unanimous  choice  of  the  Demo- 
cratic caucus,  he  was  reelected  January  19,  1909,  for  a  second  term. 
November  3,  1914,  he  was  elected  for  a  third  term,  being  the  first 
Senator  elected  in  North  Carolina  by  a  direct  vote  of  the  people. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 


JOHN  HUMPHREY  SMALL. 

(First  District. — Counties:  Beaufort,  Camden,  Chowan,  Currituck, 
Dare,  Gates,  Hertford,  Hyde,  Martin,  Pasquotank,  Perquimans,  Pitt, 
Tyrrell,  and  Washington.     Population    (1910),  193,250.) 

John  Humphrey  Small,  Democrat,  of  Beaufort  County,  was  born 
in  Washington,  N.  C.  Educated  in  the  schools  of  Washington  and  at 
Trinity  College,  North  Carolina.  Is  a  lawyer  in  active  practice. 
Left  college  in  1876  and  taught  school  from  1876  to  1880.  Licensed 
to  practice  law  in  January,  1881.  Elected  Reading  Clerk  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1881.  Elected  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Beaufort  County  in  the  latter  part  of  1881.  Elected  and  continued 
to  serve  as  Solicitor  of  the  Inferior  Court  of  Beaufort  County  from 

1882  to  1885.     Proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Washington  Gazette  from 

1883  to  1886.  Attorney  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Beaufort 
County  from  1888  to  1896.  A  member  of  the  City  Council  from  May, 
1887,  to  May,  1890,  and  for  one  year,  during  that  period,  was  Mayor 


Members  of  Congress.  401 

of  Washington.  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  Executive  Committee 
of  the  First  Congressional  District  in  1888.  Chairman  of  the  Demo- 
cratic Executive  Committee  of  Beaufort  County  from  1889  to  1898. 
Democratic  Presidential  Elector  in  the  First  Congressional  District 
in  1896.  Has  been  for  several  years,  and  is  now,  Chairman  of  the 
Public  School  Committee  of  Washington.  Elected  to  the  Fifty-sixth, 
Fifty-seventh,  Fifty-eighth,  Fifty-ninth,  Sixtieth,  Sixty-first,  Sixty- 
second,  Sixty-third,  Sixty-fourth,  Sixty-fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Con- 
gresses.   Address:   Washington,  N.  C. 


CLAUDE  KITCHIN. 

(Second  District. — Counties:  Bertie,  Edgecombe,  Greene,  Halifax, 
Lenoir,  Northampton,  Warren,  and  Wilson.  Population  (1910), 
199,405.) 

Claude  Kitchin,  Democrat,  of  Halifax  County,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax County,  N.  C,  near  Scotland  Neck,  March  24,  1869.  Graduated 
from  Wake  Forest  College,  June,  1888,  and  was  married  to  Miss  Kate 
Mills,  November  13th  of  the  same  year.  Admitted  to  the  Bar,  Sep- 
tember, 1890,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law 
at  Scotland  Neck.  Elected  to  Fifty-seventh,  Fifty-eighth,  Fifty-ninth, 
Sixtieth,  Sixty-first,  Sixty-second,  Sixty-third,  Sixty-fourth,  Sixty- 
fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Congresses.  Majority  leader  in  the  Sixty-fourth 
and  Sixty-fifth  Congresses.     Address:    Scotland  Neck,  N.  C. 


SAMUEL  MITCHELL  BRINSON. 

(Third  District. — Counties:  Carteret,  Craven.  Duplin,  Jones,  Ons- 
low, Pamlico,  Pender,  Sampson,  and  Wayne.  Population  (1910), 
178,775.) 

Samuel  Mitchell  Brlnson,  Democrat,  from  the  Third  District, 
was  born  in  New  Bern,  N.  C,  March  20,  1870.  He  is  a  son  of  William 
George  and  Kitty  (Chestnut)  Brinson.  He  was  prepared  for  college 
at  the  New  Bern  College,  1878-1888,  and  was  graduated  from  Wake 
Forest  College  in  1891.  In  1895  he  read  law  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  Law  School,  and  upon  receiving  his  license,  practiced 
law  at  New  Bern  until  he  was  elected  County  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  in  1902.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  his  entire 
26 


402  Biographical  Sketches. 

time  to  the  school  work  of  the  county.  He  was  at  one  time  an  ensign 
in  the  New  Bern  Division  in  the  Naval  Reserves.  In  1918,  upon  the 
death  of  Hon.  W.  T.  Dortch,  democratic  nominee  for  Congress,  he 
was  chosen  by  the  Democratic  Executive  Committee  a  few  days  before 
election  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  was  elected  over  Claude  R.  Wheatley, 
Republican,  by  3,205  majority.  He  is  a  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  On  Janu- 
ary 16,  3901,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ruth  Martin  Scales.  Address: 
New  Bern,  N.  C. 


EDWARD  WILLIAM  POU. 

(Fourth  District. — Counties:  Chatham,  Franklin,  Johnston,  Nash, 
Vance,  and  Wake.     Population    (1910),  205,109.) 

Edward  William  Pou,  Democrat,  of  Johnston  County,  was  born  at 
Tuskegee,  Ala.,  September  9,  1863.  Presidential  Elector  in  1888. 
Elected  Solicitor  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District  of  North  Carolina 
in  1890,  1894,  and  1898.  Elected  to  the  Fifty-seventh,  Fifty-eighth, 
Fifty-ninth,  Sixtieth,  Sixty-first,  Sixty-second,  Sixty-third,  Sixty- 
fourth,  Sixty-fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Congresses.  Address:  Smith- 
field,  N.  C. 

CHARLES  MANLY  STEDMAN. 

(Fifth  District.— -Counties:  Alamance,  Caswell,  Durham,  Forsyth, 
Granville,  Guilford,  Orange,  Person,  Rockingham,  Stokes.  Surry. 
Population  (1910),  330,474.) 

Charles  Manly  Stedman,  Democrat,  of  Greensboro,  was  born  Janu- 
ary 29,  1841,  in  Pittsboro,  Chatham  County;  moved  with  his  father's 
family  to  Fayetteville  when  he  was  12  years  of  age.  Prepared  for 
college  at  the  Pittsboro  Academy,  and  at  the  Donaldson  Academy  in 
Fayetteville.  Graduated  from  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in 
1861.  In  response  to  the  call  for  volunteers,  he  left  the  University 
before  the  commencement  exercises  and  volunteered  as  a  private  in 
the  Fayetteville  Independent  Light  Infantry  Company,  which  was 
in  the  first  North  Carolina  (or  Bethel)  Regiment.  Upon  the  dis- 
banding of  this  regiment,  he  joined  a  company  from  Chatham 
County;  was  lieutenant,  then  captain,  and  afterwards  its  major. 
This  company  belonged  to  the  Forty-fourth  North  Carolina  Regi- 
ment.   He  served  with  Lee's  Army  during  the  entire  war;  was  three 


Members  of  Congress.  403 

times  wounded,  and  surrendered  at  Appomattox.  He  is  one  of  the 
twelve  soldiers  who  were  engaged  in  the  battle  at  Bethel  and  who 
surrendered  with  Lee  at  Appomattox.  At  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War  he  returned  to  Chatham  County,  where  he  taught  school  for  a 
year;  while  there  he  studied  law  under  Hon.  John  Manning  and 
procured  his  license  to  practice.  Married  Miss  Catherine  de  Rosset 
Wright,  January  8,  1866.  In  1867  he  moved  to  Wilmington,  where 
he  practiced  law  for  many  years;  he  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Wright  &  Stedman.  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion, 1880.  Elected  Lieutenant  Governor,  1884.  In  1898  he  moved  to 
Greensboro  and  formed  a  copartnership  with  A.  Wayland  Cooke, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Stedman  &  Cooke.  Since  residing  in  Greens- 
boro he  has  served  as  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Bar  Associa- 
tion. In  1909  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kitchin  a  director  of 
the  North  Carolina  Railroad  Company,  representing  the  State's  in- 
terest, and  was  afterwards  elected  its  president.  For  many  years  he 
was  trustee  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  Guilford  Battle  Ground  Company;  was  elected  to  the  Sixty- 
second,  Sixty-third,  Sixty-fourth,  Sixty-fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Con- 
gresses. 


HANNIBAL  LAFAYETTE  GODWIN. 

(Sixth  District. — Counties:  Bladen,  Brunswick,  Columbus,  Cum- 
berland, Harnett,  New  Hanover,  and  Robeson.  Population  (1910), 
201,898.) 

Hannibal  Lafayette  Godwin,  Democrat,  of  Harnett  County,  was 
born  November  3,  1873,  on  a  farm  near  Dunn,  in  Harnett  County, 
N.  C.  Educated  in  the  schools  of  Dunn  and  at  Trinity  College,  Dur- 
ham, N.  C.  Read  law  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  in  September,  1896.  Married  Miss  Mattie  Barnes, 
December  23,  1896.  Member  of  the  State  Senate  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Legislature  in  1903.  Elected  in  1904  Democratic  Presidential 
Elector  for  the  Sixth  Congressional  District  of  North  Carolina.  Mem- 
ber of  the  State  Democratic  Executive  Committee  from  1904  to  1906. 
Elected  to  the  Sixtieth,  Sixty-first,  Sixty-second,  Sixty-third,  Sixty- 
fourth,  Sixty-fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Congresses.    Address:   Dunn.  N.  C. 


404  Biographical  Sketches. 

LEONIDAS  D.  ROBINSON. 

(Seventh  District. — Counties:  Anson,  Davidson,  Davie,  Hoke,  Lee, 
Montgomery,  Moore,  Randolph,  Richmond,  Scotland,  Union,  Wilkes, 
and  Yadkin.     Population    (1910),  224,448.) 

Leonidas  D.  Robinson,  Democrat,  of  Anson  County,  was  born  on 
a  farm  in  Anson  County,  North  Carolina,  April  22,  1867.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Anson  Institute  at  Wadesboro, 
and  also  at  Carolina  College  at  Ansonville.  After  reading  law  under 
Judge  R.  T.  Bennett  of  Wadesboro  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in 
1889.  and  settled  at  Wadesboro  for  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
In  1890  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Wadesboro,  serving  three  terms. 
He  represented  his  county  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1895  and 
1901.  In  1916  he  was  elected  to  the  Sixty-fifth  and  Sixty-sixth  Con- 
gresses.    Address:    Wadesboro,  N.  C. 


ROBERT  LEE  DOUGHTON. 

(Eighth  District. — Counties:  Alexander,  Alleghany,  Ashe,  Cabar- 
rus, Caldwell,  Iredell,  Rowan,  Stanly,  and  Watauga.  Population 
(1910),  220,813.) 

Robert  L.  Doughton,  Democrat,  Laurel  Springs,  N.  C,  was  born 
at  Laurel  Springs,  N.  C,  November  7,  1863;  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Laurel  Springs  and  Sparta  High  schools;  is 
a  farmer  and  stock  raiser;  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Agriculture  in  1903;  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  Thirty- 
fifth  District  of  North  Carolina  in  1908;  served  as  a  director  of  the 
State  Prison  from  1909  to  1911;  elected  to  the  Sixty-second,  Sixty- 
third.  Sixty-fourth,  Sixty-fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Congresses. 


EDWIN  YATES  WEBB. 

(Ninth  District. — Counties:  Avery,  Burke,  Catawba,  Cleveland, 
Gaston,  Lincoln,  Madison,  Mecklenburg,  Mitchell,  and  Yancey.  Popu- 
lation (1910),  249,495.) 

Emvi>-  Yates  Webb,  Democrat,  of  Cleveland  County,  was  born  in 
Shelby,  N.  C,  May  23,  1872.  Attended  Shelby  Military  Institute; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College,  1893.     Studied  law  at  University 


Members  of  Congress.  405 

of  North  Carolina.  Received  license  from  the  Supreme  Court  to 
practice,  in  February,  1894.  Took  post-graduate  course  in  law  at 
University  of  Virginia,  1896.  Began  practice  of  law  February,  1894, 
forming  partnership  with  his  brother,  J.  L.  Webb,  then  Solicitor  of 
the  Twelfth  Judicial  District,  which  partnership  existed  until  De- 
cember, 1904,  when  it  was  dissolved  by  the  appointment  of  his 
brother  to  the  Superior  Court  Judgeship.  Elected  State  Senator  in 
1900.  Temporary  Chairman  of  the  State  Democratic  Convention  in 
1900.  Chairman  of  the  Senatorial  District  in  1S96.  Chairman  of 
the  County  Democratic  Executive  Committee,  1S98-1902.  Married 
Miss  "Willie  Simmons,  daughter  of  Dr.  W.  G.  Simmons,  of  Wake 
Forest,  N.  C,  November  15,  1894.  Elected  to  the  Fifty-eighth,  Fifty- 
ninth,  Sixtieth,  Sixty-first,  Sixty-second,  Sixty-third,  Sixty-fourth, 
Sixty-fifth,  and  Sixty-sixth  Congresses.     Address:    Shelby,  N.  C. 


ZEBULON  WEAVER. 

(Tenth  District. — Counties:  Cherokee,  Buncombe,  Clay,  Graham, 
Haywood,  Henderson,  Jackson,  McDowell,  Macon,  Polk,  Rutherford, 
Swain,  Transylvania.     Population   (1910),  202,220.) 

Zebulon  Weaver,  Democrat,  of  Buncombe  County,  was  born  in 
Weaverville,  N.  C,  May  12,  1872.  He  is  the  son  of  W.  E.  and  Hannah 
E.  (Baird)  Weaver.  A.B.  of  Weaverville  College,  1889.  Studied  law 
at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1894.  Lawyer.  Represented 
Buncombe  County  in  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  in 
1907,  and  1909.  State  Senator,  1913  and  1915.  After  a  close  con- 
test with  James  J.  Britt,  Republican,  in  1916,  he  was  declared  elected 
Representative  in  the  Sixty-fifth  and  Sixty-sixth  Congresses.  Metho- 
dist. Married  Miss  Anna  Hyman.  Five  children.  Address:  Ashe- 
ville,  N.  C. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY,  1919. 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  SENATE. 


OLIVER  MAX  GARDNER. 

PRESIDENT  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Oliver  Max  Gardner,  of  Cleveland  County,  Democrat,  Lieutenant 
Governor,  was  born  at  Shelby,  N.  C,  March  22,  1882.  Son  of  Dr. 
O.  P.  and  Margaret  (Young)  Gardner.  B.S.  of  the  N.  C.  A.  and  M. 
College,  1903.  Studied  law  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1905-1906.  Captain  football  teams,  N.  C.  A.  and  M.  College  and  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina.  Won  debater's  and  orator's  medal;  two 
years  Instructor  in  Chemistry  at  N.  C.  A.  and  M.  College.  Lawyer. 
In  1908,  was  State  Organizer  of  Democratic  Clubs;  County  Chair- 
man Cleveland  County,  1908-1910.  Member  of  the  State  Democratic 
Executive  Committee;  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  N.  C. 
A.  and  M.  College;  member  of  the  North  Carolina  Bar  Association; 
State  Senator,  1911-1915.  President  pro  tempore  of  Senate,  1915. 
Lieutenant  Governor;  term  expires,  1920.  Odd  Fellow;  Jr.  O.  U.  A. 
M.;  Sigma  Nu  Fraternity  and  Gorgon's  Head  (college  fraternities). 
Baptist.  Married,  November  6,  1908,  Miss  Fay  Lamar  Webb,  daugh- 
ter of  Judge  James  L.  Webb,  Shelby,  N.  C.  Three  children.  Address: 
Shelby,  N.  C. 


ROBERT  OTTIS  SELF. 

Robert  Ottis  Self,  Democrat,  was  born  at  Webster,  N.  C,  July  2, 
1884.  Son  of  Dr.  William  and  Octavia  (Cowan)  Self.  Educated  at 
Cullowhee  Normal  and  Industrial  School,  1897-1902.  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  of  Jackson  County,  1909-1911.  Calendar  Clerk 
of  the  State  Senate.  1905,  1908  (special  session),  1909.  Principal 
Clerk  of  the  Senate,  1911,  1913,  1915.  1917.  1919.  Appointed  United 
States  Deputy  Collector,  November  1,  1913;  resigned  December  1, 
1914.  Mason,  Odd  Fellow,  K.  of  P.  Baptist.  Address:  Hickory, 
N.  C. 


State  Senators.  407 

SENATORS. 


EUGENE  C.  BEDDINGFIELD. 

(Fifteenth  District. — County:  Wake.  One  Senator.) 
Eugene  C.  Beddingfield,  Democrat,  of  Wake  County,  Senator  from 
Fifteenth  District,  was  born  near  Raleigh,  N.  C,  October  10,  1862. 
Son  of  Alexander  H.  and  Palmyra  LaFayette  (Chappell)  Bedding- 
field.  Was  educated  in  private  schools;  Forestville  Academy,  1876. 
Parmer.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1889,  1901.  Mem- 
ber of  N.  C.  R.  R.  Commission,  1S'91-1S99;  N.  C.  Corporation  Commis- 
sion, 1902-1909.  County  Commissioner  of  Wake  County.  1912-1916. 
Member  of  Farmers'  Union;  Mason.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Nannie 
Peebles,  November  24,  1881.  Eight  children.  Address:  Raleigh, 
N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  1.  

FURNIFOLD  BROCK. 

(Seventh  District. — Counties:  Carteret,  Craven,  Greene,  Jones, 
Lenoir,  and  Onslow.     Two  Senators.) 

Furnifold  Brock,  Democrat,  of  Jones  County,  Senator  from  the 
Seventh  District,  was  born  at  Trenton,  N.  C.  Son  of  Furnifold  and 
Susan  C.  (Koonce)  Brock.  Attended  Trenton  High  School;  Trinity 
College,  1892;  University  of  Ohio,  1894,  C.E.  Farmer.  Register  of 
Deeds,  1900-1904.  Chairman  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  1904- 
1908.  State  Senator,  1917.  Mason.  In  1898  married  to  Miss  Myrtle 
Foscue.     Eight  children.     Address:   Trenton,  N.  C. 


JOSEPH  ADDISON  BROWN. 

(Eleventh  District. — Counties:  Bladen  and  Columbus.  One 
Senator.) 

Joseph  Addison  Brown,  Democrat,  of  Columbus  County,  Senator 
from  the  Eleventh  District,  was  born  at  Rockingham,  N.  C,  July  9, 
1861.  Attended  commercial  school  one  year.  Merchant.  Farmer. 
State  Senator  in  1893,  1899,  1901,  1903,  1911.  Member  State's  Prison 
Board  in  1902.  Mason.  Odd  Fellow.  K.  of  P.  Presbyterian.  Mar- 
ried, June  25,  1897,  Miss  Minnie  Mclver.  One  child.  Address:  Chad- 
bourn,  N.  C. 


J"*  Biographical  Sketches. 


ROBERT  LEE  BURNS. 


(Twenty-first  District. — Counties:  Chatham,  Moore,  Richmond, 
and  Scotland.     Two  Senators.) 

Robert  Lee  Burns,  Democrat,  of  Moore  County,  Senator  from 
Twenty-first  District,  was  born  in  Moore  County,  January  29,  1867. 
Son  of  J.  F.  and  Ann  R.  (Brown)  Burns.  Was  educated  at  Robin- 
son's School  at  Pleasant  Lodge  and  at  Liberty,  N".  C,  1885-1887.  B.A. 
of  Wake  Forest  College,  1891.  University  of  North  Carolina,  1893- 
1894.  Mason.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Emma  Lee  Muse,  April  22, 
1896.     Five  children.     Address:   Carthage,  N.  C. 


ROBERT  LEE  CARR. 

(Ninth  District. — Counties:  Duplin  and  Pender.  One  Senator.) 
Robert  Lee  Carr,  Democrat,  of  Duplin  County,  Senator  from  Ninth 
District,  was  born  near  Wallace,  N.  C,  September  3,  1S78.  Son  of 
Gabriel  Boney  and  Isabella  Catherine  (Johnson)  Carr.  Educated  in 
the  public  schools,  Rockfish  Academy,  Davidson  College,  Medical 
College  of  Virginia,  graduating  in  medicine  at  the  University  of 
Maryland,  May  21,  1907.  Physician.  Member  Duplin  County  Medi- 
cal Society;  Third  District  Medical  Society;  State  Medical,  Society. 
Delegate  to  the  State  Medical  Society,  1907  and  1912.  Modern  W.  of 
W. ;  K.  of  P.  Presbyterian.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
1911  and  1915.  Married  (first)  Miss  Victoria  Patterson,  (second) 
Miss  Estelle  Moore.     Three  children.     Address:   Rose  Hill,  N.  C. 


EDGAR  BURGESS  CLOUD. 

(Thirty-second   District. — Counties:      Cleveland,  Henderson,   Polk, 
and  Rutherford.     Two  Senators.) 

Edgar  Burgess  Cloud,  Democrat,  of  Polk  County,  Senator  from 
Thirty-second  District,  was  born  at  Columbus,  N.  C,  February  22, 
1872.  Was  educated  in  public  schools;  Wake  Forest  Summer  Law 
School,  1905.  Lawyer.  State  Senator,  1915.  Knights  of  Pythias. 
Presbyterian.  Married  Miss  Ada  Walker,  April  19,  1914.  Address: 
Columbus,  N.  C. 


State  Senators.  409 

HENRY  GROVES  CONNOR,  JR. 

(Sixth  District. — Counties:  Franklin,  Nash,  and  Wilson.  Two 
Senators.) 

Henry  Groves  Connor,  Jr.,  Democrat,  of  Wilson  County,  Senator 
from  Sixth  District,  was  horn  at  Wilson,  N.  C,  July  19,  1876.  Son 
of  Henry  Groves  and  Kate  (Whitfield)  Connor.  Was  educated  at 
Wilson  Graded  Schools;  Private  Schools  in  Wilson;  B.S.  of  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina,  1897.  Law  School,  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1898.  Lawyer.  Chairman  County  Democratic  Executive 
Committee;  Delegate  National  Democratic  Conventions.  1912-1916. 
Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon  (college  fraternity).  Married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Clark,  April  17,  1901.     One  child.     Address:   Wilson,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  BRYANT  COOPER. 

(Tenth  District. — Counties:  New  Hanover  and  Brunswick.  One 
Senator.) 

William  Bryant  Cooper,  Democrat,  of  New  Hanover  County, 
Senator  from  the  Tenth  District,  was  born  January  22,  1867,  at  Cool 
Spring,  S.  C.  Son  of  Noah  B.  and  Lucina  (Jennette)  Cooper.  At- 
tended Mullins  (S.  C.)  Graded  Schools,  1877-1887.  Cotton  exporter. 
Alderman  and  Mayor  pro  tern,  of  the  city  of  Wilmington,  1902-1903. 
Member  Board  of  Audit  and  Finance.  President  Produce  Exchange, 
Wilmington,  1900.  President  Merchants'  Association,  Wilmington, 
1905.  State  Senator,  1915.  Mason.  Methodist.  Married  Miss 
Frances  Ada  Gore.     Three  sons.    Address:   Wilmington,  N.  C. 


OSCAR  BOWMAN  COWARD. 

(Thirty-seventh  District. — Counties:  Haywood,  Jackson,  Transyl- 
vania, and  Swain.     One  Senator.) 

Oscar  Bowman  Coward,  Democrat,  of  Jackson  County,  Senator 
from  Thirty-seventh  District,  was  born  in  Jackson  County.  January 
20,  1869.  Son  of  Nathan  and  Jane  (Rogers)  Coward.  Was  educated 
at  private  school  at  East  Laport,  1876-1878.  Farmer.  Chairman 
County  Democratic  Executive  Committee.  Mason.  Married  (first) 
Miss  Emma  Long,  July  1,  1885;  (second)  Miss  Nora  Zachary,  Sep- 
tember 27,  1898.     Five  children.     Address:   Webster,  N.  C. 


410  Biographical  Sketches. 

GEORGE  VERNON  COWPER. 

(Seventh   District. — Counties:      Carteret,    Craven,    Greene,    Jones, 
Lenoir,  and  Onslow.     Two  Senators.) 

George  Vernon  Cowper,  Democrat,  of  Lenoir  County,  Senator  from 
Seventh  District,  was  born  in  Hertford  County,  N.  C.  Son  of  George 
and  Rebecca  Jane  (Riddick)  Cowper.  Was  educated  at  Winton  High 
School,  1893-1897.  University  of  North  Carolina,  1897-1900.  Law 
Sohool  of  University  of  North  Carolina,  1900-1901.  County  Attorney, 
Lenoir  County,  since  1906.  Member  Executive  Committee  of  North 
Carolina  Bar  Association.  Chairman  County  Democratic  Executive 
Committee,  1912-1918.  Trustee  of  Kinston  Graded  Schools,  1915- 
1917.  Chairman  County  Board  of  Education,  1917-1918.  Presidential 
Elector  Third  Congressional  District,  1917.  Member  Legal  Advisory 
Board  of  Lenoir  County,  1917-1918;  Government  Appeal  Agent,  1918. 
K.  A.  (college  fraternity);  Mason;  Woodmen  of  the  World.  Episco- 
palian. Married  November  21,  1906.  Three  children.  Address: 
Kinston,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  T.  CROSS. 

(First  District. — Counties:  Perquimans,  Currituck,  Chowan,  Gates, 
Pasquotank,  Camden,  Hertford.     Two  Senators.) 

William  T.  Cross,  Democrat,  of  Gates  County,  Senator  from  First 
District,  was  born  in  Gates  County,  N.  C,  March  25,  1862.  Son  of 
Thomas  E.  and  Martha  E.  (Gatling)  Cross.  Was  educated  in  private 
schools  in  Gatesville,  1872-1875.  Farmer.  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Gates  County,  1886-1918.  Chairman  County  Democratic 
Executive  Committee,  1880-1918;  Chairman  Board  of  Trustees  Gates- 
ville High  School;  President  Bank  of  Gates.  Mason;  Odd  Fellow. 
Baptist.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  P.  Hunter,  June  22,  1899.  Four 
children.     Address:   Gatesville,  N.  C. 


TITUS  GRANDY  CURRIN. 

(Seventeenth    District. — Counties:       Granville    and    Person.      One 
Senator.) 

Titus    Grandy   Ctjrrin,   Democrat,    of   Granville    County,    Senator 
from  Seventeenth  District,  was  born  at  Oxford,  N.  C,  August  1,  1873. 


State  Senators.  411 

Son  of  Joseph  F.  and  Henrietta  (Hobgood)  Currin.  Was  educated 
at  Horner's  Military  School,  1891-1892.  Farmer.  State  Senator, 
1915.  Chairman  Local  Exemption  Board,  1917-1918.  Odd  Fellow; 
Mason.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Mary  Blalock,  December  21,  1898. 
Four  children.     Address:   Oxford,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  S.  DAVENPORT. 

(Second  District. — Counties:  Martin,  Washington,  Tyrrell,  Dare, 
Beaufort,  Hyde,  and  Pamlico.     Two  Senators.) 

William  S.  Davenport,  Democrat,  of  Washington  County,  Senator 
from  the  Second  District,  was  born  in  Tyrrell  County,  August  16, 
1859.  Son  of  Tully  and  Eliza  (Nonnan)  Davenport.  Educated  in 
the  public  schools.  Farmer.  Clerk  Superior  Court,  1S82-1886.  Mem- 
ber Board  of  County  Commissioners,  1911-1916.  Chairman  Demo- 
cratic County  Executive  Committee,  1912-1916.  State  Senator,  1917. 
Mason.  Married,  November  14,  1883,  to  Miss  Henrietta  E.  Blount. 
Seven  children.     Address:   Mackeys,  N.  C. 


JAMES  LESTER  DeLANEY. 

{Twenty-fourth  District. — Counties:  Cabarrus  and  Mecklenburg. 
Two  Senators.) 

James  Lester  DeLaney,  Democrat,  of  Mecklenburg  County,  Sena- 
tor from  Twenty-fourth  District,  was  born  in  Union  County,  N.  C. 
Son  of  James  Stanhope  and  Margaret  E.  (Matthews)  DeLaney.  Was 
educated  at  Weddington  Academy,  1896-1900.  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1900-1902.  University  of  North  Carolina  Law  School,  1904. 
Lawyer.  Prosecuting  attorney  for  city  of  Charlotte,  1911-1913. 
Mason;  Odd  Fellow;  Knight  of  Pythias.  Presbyterian.  Married 
Miss  Cora  Martha  Matthews,  March  2,  1905.  Two  children.  Ad- 
dress:  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


MILES  WHITEHURST  FEREBEE. 

(First  District. — Counties:  Perquimans,  Currituck,  Chowan, 
Gates,  Pasquotank,  Camden,  and  Hertford.     Two  Senators.) 

Miles  WniTEnrRST  Ferebee,  Democrat,  of  Camden  County,  Senator 
from  the  First  District,  was  born  in  Camden  County,  June  27,  1878. 


412  Biographical  Sketches. 

Son  of  Willis  G.  and  Minnie  (Whitehurst)  Ferebee.  Received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  in  Bayboro  Collegiate  Institute. 
Farmer  and  automobile  dealer.  Register  of  Deeds  of  Camden  County, 
1910-1916.  Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1917.  Mason;  Odd 
Fellow.  Married,  November,  1906.  to  Miss  Florence  Gregory.  Ad- 
dress:   Camden,  N.  C. 


WALTER  HARRISON  FISHER. 

(Fourteenth  District. — Counties:  Harnett,  Johnston,  Lee,  and 
Sampson.     Two  Senators.) 

Walter  Harrison  Fisher,  Republican,  of  Sampson  County,  Senator 
from  Fourteenth  District,  was  born  at  Roseboro,  N.  C,  October  22, 
1889.  Son  of  A.  F.  and  Mary  (Owen)  Fisher.  Was  educated  at 
Roseboro  Graded  School  until  1910;  Buie's  Creek  Academy,  1910- 
1911.  BA.  of  Wake  Forest  College,  1915.  Lawyer.  Teacher,  1911, 
1913.  County  Attorney  of  Sampson  County  since  1916;  Editor  of 
Nexcs  Dispatch,  1916-1917.  State  Senator,  1915.  Government  Appeal 
Agent  for  Sampson  County,  1917-1918.  Member  of  Legal  Advisory 
Board,  1918.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Lossie  S.  Herring,  March  27, 
1917.     Address:    Clinton,  N.  C. 


EDWARD  L.  GAVIN. 

(Fourteenth  District. — Counties:  Harnett,  Johnston,  Lee,  and 
Sampson.     Two  Senators.) 

Edward  L.  Gavin,  Republican,  of  Lee  County,  Senator  from  Four- 
teenth District,  was  born  at  Giddensville,  Sampson  County,  N.  C, 
August  17,  1888.  Son  of  Edward  Lewis  and  Minnie  Irene  (Darden) 
Gavin.  Was  educated  at  Roseboro  Graded  School,  1906.  Law  School 
of  University  of  North  Carolina,  1907-1909;  LL.B.  of  Indianapolis 
College  of  Law,  1910-1911.  Lawyer.  Mayor  of  Roseboro,  1913-1914. 
Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Knights  of  Pythias;  Modern  Woodmen  of  the  World. 
Baptist.  Married  Miss  Mamie  Florence  Caudle,  March  6,  1912.  Three 
children.     Address:    Sanford,  N.  C. 


State  Senators.  413 

POWELL  WATKINS  GLIDEWELL. 

{Nineteenth  District. — County:  Rockingham.  One  Senator.) 
Powell  Watkins  Glidewell,  Democrat,  of  Rockingham  County, 
Senator  from  Nineteenth  District,  was  born  at  Meadows,  Stokes 
County,  N.  C,  June  11,  1S80.  Son  of  C.  W.  and  Amanda  (Rierson) 
Glidewell.  Was  educated  at  public  schools,  1887-1891;  Dalton  Insti- 
tute, 1891-1893;  Wake  Forest  College  Law  School,  1899-1901.  Lawyer. 
Presidential  Elector,  Fifth  Congressional  District,  1908  and  1912. 
City  Solicitor  of  Reidsville,  1911-1913.  Royal  Arcanum;  Modern 
Woodmen  of  America;  Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.;  Odd  Fellow.  Baptist.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Lilly  Terry,  August  31,  1904.  Three  children.  Address: 
Reidsville,  N.  C. 


JAMES  A.  GRAY. 


(Tiventy-sixth  District. — County:   Forsyth.     One  Senator.) 

James  A.  Gray,  Democrat,  of  Forsyth  County,  Senator  from  the 
Twenty-sixth  District,  was  born  in  Winston-Salem,  August  21,  1889. 
Son  of  James  A.  and  Aurelia  (Bowman)  Gray.  Graduated  from  the 
Winston-Salem  High  School  in  1904;  A.B.  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1908.  Vice-President  and  Treasurer  of  Wachovia  Bank 
and  Trust  Company.  President  North  Carolina  Bankers'  Association. 
Chairman  of  Forsyth  County  Board  of  Road  Commissioners,  1915- 
1916.  Trustee  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  Methodist. 
Married,  April  18,  1918,  to  Miss  Pauline  Bahnson.  Address:  Winston- 
Salem,  N.  C. 


FORDYCE  CUNNINGHAM  HARDING. 

(Fifth  District. — County:   Pitt.     One  Senator.) 

Fordyce  Cunningham  Harding,  Democrat,  of  Pitt  County,  Senator 
from  the  Fifth  District,  was  born  at  Aurora,  N.  C,  February  12, 
1879.  Son  of  Henry  and  Susan  Harding.  Fh.B.  (1893),  LL.B. 
(1894),  University  of  North  Carolina.  Lawyer.  Chairman  Demo- 
cratic County  Executive  Committee,  1906-1915.  Chairman  Board  of 
Trustees  Greenville  Graded  Schools.  State  Senator,  1915,  1917. 
President  pro  tempore  of  the  State  Senate,  1917.  Royal  Arch  Mason; 
K.  of  P.;  Odd  Fellow.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Mary  Harding. 
Address:   Greenville,  N.  C. 


414  Biographical  Sketches. 

MARMADUKE  J.  HAWKINS. 

(Sixteenth  District. — Counties:  Warren  and  Vance.  One  Senator.) 
Marmaduke  J.  Hawkins,  Democrat,  of  Warren  County,  Senator 
from  the  Sixteenth  District,  was  born  in  Warren  County,  N.  C,  Sep- 
tember 9,  1850.  Son  of  Dr.  William  J.  and  Alethia  Clark  Hawkins. 
Educated  at  Dr.  Wilson's  School,  Alamance  County,  1865-1867;  Bing- 
ham's School,  Mebane;  University  of  Virginia;  Professor  Minor's 
Law  School,  University  of  Virginia,  B.L.,  1870-1871.  Manufacturer. 
Lawyer.  Trustee  University  of  North  Carolina.  Chief  deputy  reve- 
nue officer  for  four  years.  Twenty  years  Chairman  County  Com- 
missioners of  Warren  County.  State  Senator,  1911.  Mason.  Episco- 
palian. Married,  June  20,  1878,  Miss  Rebecca  B.  Davis.  Three  chil- 
dren.    Address:   Ridgeway,  N.  C. 


RUPUS  LAFAYETTE  HAYMORE. 

(Twenty-seventh  District. — Counties:  Stokes  and  Surry.  One 
Senator.) 

Rtjftjs  Lafayette  Haymobe,  Republican,  of  Surry  County,  Senator 
from  the  Twenty-seventh  District,  was  born  in  that  county  in  1851. 
Lawyer.  County  Commissioner,  1883.  Mayor  of  Mount  Airy.  N.  C, 
1897.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1909,  1913,  1917. 
State  Senator  in  1911,  1915.     Baptist.    Address:   Mount  Airy,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  ALLAN  HOLDERNESS. 

(Fourth  District. — Counties:  Halifax  and  Edgecombe.  Two  Sena- 
tors.) 

George  Allan  Holderness,  Democrat,  of  Edgecombe  County,  Sena- 
tor from  the  Fourth  Senatorial  District,  was  born  in  Caswell  County, 
June  15,  1867.  Son  of  William  Henry  and  Sarah  (Foreman)  Holder- 
ness. Educated  in  the  public  schools.  Banker  and  farmer.  Presi- 
dent of  North  Carolina  Bankers'  Association  1914.  Member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  State  Prison  under  Governor  Kitchin. 
State  Senator,  1917.  County  Food  Administrator,  1917-18.  Married 
Hattie  Howard.    Seven  children.    Address:     Tarboro,  N.  C. 


State  Senators.  415 

WILKINS  PERRYMAN  HORTON. 

(Twenty-first  District. — Counties:  Chatham,  Moore,  Richmond, 
and  Scotland.     Two  Senators.) 

Wilkins  Ferryman  Horton,  Democrat,  of  Chatham  County,  Sena- 
tor from  Twenty-first  District,  was  born  at  Kansas  City,  Kansas, 
September  1,  1889.  Son  of  Thomas  B.  and  Mary  E.  (Wilkins)  Hor- 
ton. Was  educated  at  Holly  Oak  Graded  School,  1900-1908,  Draughn's 
Business  College,  1910-1911.  University  of  North  Carolina  1912  1914. 
Lawyer.  County  Attorney  since  1916.  Government  Appeal  Agent 
for  Chatham  County,  1917-1918.  Mason.  Methodist.  Married  Miss 
Cassandra  C.  Mendenhall.  June  12,  1918.     Address:     Pittsboro,  N.  C. 


EARLE  AMBROSE  HUMPHREY. 

{Eighth  District. — County:     Wayne.     One  senator.) 

Earle  Ambrose  Humphrey,  Democrat,  of  Wayne  County,  Senator 
from  Eighth  District,  was  born  at  Goldsboro,  N.  C.  June  21.  1872. 
Son  of  Lotte  W.  and  Ida  (Clingman)  Humphrey.  Was  educated  at 
Goldsboro  Graded  Schools;  B\L.  of  Columbia  University,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  1892-1895.  Lawyer.  County  Attorney  Wayne  County; 
Solicitor  of  County  Court.  Government  Appeal  Agent.  Attorney 
for  Exemption  Board  of  Wayne  County,  1918.  Married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Ridout,  April,  1903.    One  child.    Address:     Goldsboro,  N.  C. 


JAMES  LEE  HYATH. 

(Thirty-fifth  District. — Counties:  Avery,  Madison,  Mitchell,  and 
Yancey.     One  senator.) 

James  Lee  Hyatii.  Republican,  of  Yancey  County,  Senator  from 
Thirty-fifth  District,  was  born  at  Burnsville,  N.  C,  March  14.  1S65. 
Son  of  Jason  L.  and  Sarah  Eliza  (McClelland)  Hyath.  Was  edu- 
cated at  Burnsville  Academy,  1889.  Real  Estate  Dealer.  County 
Superintendent  of  Schools.  State  Senator.  1899,  1911.  Mason;  Odd 
Fellow;  Knight  of  Pythias.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Margarite  C. 
Griffith,  June  12,  1892.     Four  children.     Address:    Burnsville,  N.  C. 


416  Biographical  Sketches. 


J.  W.  JOHNSON. 


(Thirteenth  District. — Counties:  Cumberland  and  Hoke.  One 
senator.) 

J.  W.  Johnson,  Democrat,  of  Hoke  County,  Senator  from  Thir- 
teenth District.     Address:   Raeford,  N.  C. 


NORWOOD  VANCE  LONG. 

(Twenty-second  District. — Counties:  Montgomery  and  Randolph. 
One  senator.) 

Norwood  Vance  Long,  Republican,  of  Montgomery  County,  Senator 
from  Twenty-second  District,  was  born  at  Rockingham,  N  O,  April 
10.  1871.  Son  of  Elisha  T.  and  Martha  (McKinnon)  Long.  Attended 
Public  Schools.  Farmer  and  Lumber  Manufacturer.  Appointed 
Postmaster  at  Biscoe,  1900-1908.  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Woodman  of  the 
World.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Minerva  V.  McCaskill,  April  5. 
1896.     Eight  children.    Address:     Biscoe,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  LUNSFORD  LONG. 

(Fourth  District. — Counties:  Halifax  and  Edgecombe.  Two  sena- 
tors.) 

William  Lunsford  Long,  Democrat,  of  Halifax  County.  Senator 
from  the  Fourth  District,  was  born  February  5,  1890,  at  Garysburg. 
Son  of  Lemuel  McKinney  and  Bettie  Gray  (Mason)  Long.  A.B.  of 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  1909.  Lawyer.  Director  First 
National  Bank  of  Roanoke  Rapids,  N.  C.  Secretary-Treasurer  Roa- 
noke Rapids  Building  and  Loan  Association.  Director  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Northampton  &  Hertford  Railroad  Company.  Rep- 
resentative in  the  General  Assembly,  1915.  State  Senator,  1917. 
S.  A.  E.  (College  Fraternity).  Gimghoul.  Phi  Beta  Kappa  of  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina.  Mason;  K.  of  F.  Married  Miss  Rosa 
Arrington  Heath.     Two  children.     Address:   Roanoke  Rapids.  N.  C. 


State  Senators.  417 

EDWARD  FRANCIS  LOVILL. 

(Thirty-fourth  District. — Counties:  Alleghany,  Ashe,  and  Wa- 
tauga.    One  Senator.) 

Edward  Francis  Lovill.  Democrat,  of  Watauga  County,  Senator 
from  Thirty-fourth  District,  was  born  at  Siloam,  Surry  County,  N.  C, 
February  10,  1842.  Son  of  William  R.  and  Eliza  G.  (Reeves)  Lovill. 
Was  educated  at  East  Bend  Academy,  1856-1857.  Lawyer  and 
Farmer.  Chairman  Board  of  Directors  of  Appalachian  Training 
School  since  its  organization  in  1903.  State  Senator,  1883,  1907; 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1885,  1893;  Commissioner 
to  Chippewa  Indians,  1893-18'97,  for  the  purpose  of  classifying  lands 
ceded  by  them  to  the  United  States  Government;  Director,  Oxford 
Orphan  Asylum;  Confederate  soldier,  serving  from  1861  to  1865; 
volunteered  as  a  private.  Captain  Co.  A,  28th  N.  C.  Reg.  C.  S.  A. 
Mason;  Odd  Fellow.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Josephine  L.  Marion, 
February  15,  1866.    Four  children.    Address:   Boone,  N.  C. 


ADDISON   GOODLOE  MANGUM. 

(Thirty-first  District. — County:  Gaston.  One  Senator.) 
Addison  Goodloe  Mangum,  Democrat,  of  Gaston  County,  Senator 
from  Thirty-first  District,  was  born  in  Orange  County,  N.  C,  Janu- 
ary 24,  1868.  Son  of  Addison  and  Nannie  Taylor  (Speed)  Mangum. 
Was  educated  at  Horner  Military  School,  1887-1888.  University  of 
North  Carolina,  1890-1891;  Trinity  College,  1892-1893.  Lawyer.  City 
Attorney  of  Gastonia.  County  Attorney  since  1908.  Representative 
in  the  General  Assembly,  1907.  Mason;  Knight  of  Pythias;  Red 
Men;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Phi  Delta  Theta  (college  fraternity).  Episco- 
palian. Married  Miss  Annie  Walton,  July  29,  1902.  Two  children. 
Address:   Gastonia,  N.  C. 


WAYLAND  MITCHELL. 

(Third  District. — Counties:  Northampton  and  Bertie.  One  Sen- 
ator.) 

Wayland  Mitchell,  Democrat,  of  Bertie  County,  Senator  from 
Third  District,  was  born  in  Bertie  County,  N.  C,  September  9,  1871. 
Son  of  James  Washington  and  Laura  E.  (Perry)  Mitchell.  Was 
27 


418  Biographical  Sketches. 

educated  at  Aulander  High  School;  B.A.  of  Wake  Forest  College, 
1891.  University  of  Virginia,  1892-1893.  M.D.  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1895.  Farmer.  Practiced  medicine  at  Lewiston,  N.  C,  from 
1896  to  1914,  when  retired  from  practice  on  account  of  failing  health. 
Member  Board  of  Commissioners  Bertie  County,  1908-1912.  Member 
Board  of  Education  Bertie  County,  1917-1918.  Baptist.  Married  Miss 
Julia  H.  Nowell,  November  23,  1898.     Address:   Lewiston,  N.  C. 


DAVID  Z.  NEWTON. 

(Thirty-second  District. — Counties:  Cleveland,  Henderson,  Polk, 
and  Rutherford.    Two  senators.) 

David  Z.  Newton,  Democrat,  of  Cleveland  County,  Senator  from 
Thirty-second  District,  was  born  in  Cleveland  County,  N.  C,  April 
10,  1884.  Son  of  George  and  Huldah  (White)  Newton.  Was  edu- 
cated at  Piedmont  High  School,  Lawndale,  N.  C,  1903-1904.  A.B. 
of  University  of  North  Carolina,  1904-1908.  University  of  North 
Carolina  Law  School,  1910.  Lawyer.  Member  Democratic  Congres- 
sional Executive  Committee,  Ninth  District;  Chairman  County 
Democratic  Executive  Committee,  1916-1918.  Odd  Fellow.  Metho- 
dist.   Address:   Shelby,  N.  C. 


ALBERT  BALLARD  PALMER. 

(Twenty-fourth  District. — Counties:  Cabarrus  and  Mecklenburg. 
Two  Senators.) 

Albert  Ballard  Palmer,  Democrat,  of  Cabarrus  County,  Senator 
from  Twenty-fourth  District,  was  born  at  Port  Republic,  Rockingham 
County,  Va.,  February  16,  1885.  Son  of  John  Waller  and  Mary 
Catherine  (Funkhouser)  Palmer.  Was  educated  at  Mt.  Vernon 
Academy,  Port  Republic,  1902.  Piedmont  Business  College,  Lynch- 
burg, Va.,  1905.  Elon  College,  1905-1906.  LL.B.  of  Baltimore  Uni- 
versity School  of  Law,  1911.  Lawyer.  Judge  of  Recorder's  Court. 
1916-1918.  Elk;  Loyal  Order  of  Moose;  Knight  of  Pythias.  Metho- 
dist.   Address:   Concord,  N.  C. 


State  Senators.  419 

LYNDON  CALDWELL  PATTERSON. 

(Eighteenth  District. — Counties:  Caswell,  Alamance,  Orange,  and 
Durham.     Two  Senators.) 

Lyndon  Caldwell  Patterson,  Democrat,  of  Orange  County,  Sena- 
tor from  Eighteenth  District,  was  born  in  Orange  County,  N.  C, 
September  9,  1882.  Son  of  Robert  Donnell  and  Annie  Olymphia 
(Donnell)  Patterson.  Was  educated  in  public  schools  of  Orange 
County;  Bingham  Military  School;  Guilford  College.  Parmer.  Mem- 
ber of  County  Board  of  Education,  1912-1918.  Presbyterian.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Bessie  Murray,  December  31,  1912.  Address:  Durham, 
N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  1. 


JAMES  NEWTON  PRICE. 

(Twenty-third  District. — Counties:  Anson,  Davidson,  Stanly,  and 
Union.     Two  Senators.) 

James  Newton  Price,  Democrat,  of  Union  County,  Senator  from 
the  Twenty-third  District,  was  born  in  Union  County,  September 
26,  1866.  Son  of  Andrew  Joseph  and  Emily  (Howey)  Price.  Re- 
ceived his  preparatory  education  in  the  public  schools  from  1872 
to  1880,  and  Monroe  High  School,  1880-1882.  Attended  Rutherford 
College  in  1884  and  in  1887.  Farmer  and  merchant.  Justice  of  the 
peace  for  Union  County  for  about  twenty  years.  Member  of  Town- 
ship Road  Commission.  Member  of  County  Board  of  Education. 
Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1897,  1907,  and  1917.  W.  O.  W. 
Presbyterian.  Married,  July  4,  1888,  to  Miss  Nancy  C.  Winchester. 
Nine  children.    Address:   Monroe,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  5. 


WALLACE   ALEXANDER   REINHARDT. 

(Thirtieth  District. — Counties:  Catawba  and  Lincoln.  One  Sena- 
tor.) 

Wallace  Alexander  Retnhardt,  Republican,  of  Catawba  County, 
Senator  from  Thirtieth  District,  was  born  in  Catawba  County,  N.  C, 
September  23,  1869.  Son  of  Robert  P.  and  Susan  (Ramseur)  Rein- 
hardt.  Was  educated  in  public  schools.  Two  years  at  Catawba  Col- 
lege. Farmer  and  dairyman.  Chairman  County  Republican  Execu- 
tive Committee.  1916-1918.     Treasurer  of  Catawba  County,  1914-1918. 


420  Biogkapiiicai,  Sketches. 

Mason.     Reformed.     Married  Miss  Iva  I.  I.  Kerd,  December  18,  1890. 
Eight  children.     Address:   Newton,  N.  C. 


TERRELIUS  THEODORE   ROSS. 

(Sixth  District. — Counties:  Franklin,  Nash,  and  Wilson.  Two 
Senators.) 

Terrelius  Theodore  Ross,  Democrat,  of  Nash  County,  Senator 
from  the  Sixth  District,  was  born  at  Pleasant  Garden,  October  5, 
1855.  Son  of  A.  S.  and  Nannie  (Hendrick)  Ross.  Attended  Pleasant 
Garden  Academy.  Dentist  and  Farmer.  Member  of  State  Dental 
Association;  National  Dental  Association.  State  Senator,  1917. 
Mason;  Knight  Templar,  and  Pythian.  Baptist.  Married,  1880,  to 
Miss  Minnie  Scott.     Four  children.     Address:   Nashville,  N.  C. 


ALFRED   MOORE   SCALES. 

(Twentieth  District. — County:  Guilford.  One  Senator.) 
Alfred  Moore  Scales,  Democrat,  of  Guilford  County,  Senator  from 
the  Twentieth  District,  was  born  in  Greensboro,  August  20,  1870. 
Son  of  Col.  Junius  Irving  and  Effie  Hamilton  (Henderson)  Scales. 
Educated  at  Greensboro  Graded  Schools,  Raleigh  Male  Academy; 
University  of  North  Carolina;  Law  School  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1892.  Lawyer  and  farmer;  General  Counsel  and  Vice- 
President  of  Southern  Life  and  Trust  Company;  North  Carolina 
Trust  Company;  Southern  Underwriters;  Underwriters  of  Greens- 
boro; Southern  Stock  Fire  Insurance  Company;  Southern  Real 
Estate  Company;  Irving  Park  Company,  and  Greensboro  Securities 
Company;  General  Counsel  and  member  Finance  Committee  Ameri- 
can Exchange  National  Bank.  Member  North  Carolina  Bar  Associa- 
tion; City  Attorney  of  Greensboro,  1894  to  1904;  State  Senate,  1897, 
1905,  1917;  President  Commission  on  Constitutional  Amendments, 
1913;  Visitor  to  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  1910.  Member  Royal  Arcanum, 
Odd  Fellows,  and  K.  of  P.  Regent,  North  Carolina  Royal  Arcanum. 
Presbyterian;  Elder  since  1896;  Moderator  Orange  Presbytery  and 
Synod  of  North  Carolina.  Trustee  University  of  North  Carolina 
since  1897;  Chairman  Finance  Committee.  President  North  Caro- 
lina   Children's    Home    Society;     member    Board    Regents,    Barium 


State  Senators.  421 

Springs  Orphans  Home;  Trustee  Union  Theological  Seminary.  Rich- 
mond, Va.;  Peace  Institute;  Flora  Macdonald  College,  and  Glade 
Valley  High  School.  Chairman  of  Boards  of  Instruction  for  Western 
District  of  North  Carolina.  Chairman  Board  of  Instruction  for  Guil- 
ford County.  Married,  November,  1895,  to  Miss  Bessie  Taylor;  Sep- 
tember, 1914,  to  Miss  Mary  Leigh  Pell.  Six  living  children.  Address: 
Greensboro,  N.  C. 


JAMES  L.  SHEEK. 

{Twenty- eighth  District. — Counties:  Davie,  Wilkes,  and  Yadkin. 
One  Senator.) 

James  L.  Sheer,  Republican,  of  Davie  County,  Senator  from  the 
Twenty-eighth  District,  was  born  at  Smith  Grove,  Davie  County, 
N.  C,  December  1,  1866.  Son  of  Daniel  S.  and"  Martha  (Williams) 
Sheek.  Educated  in  public  schools.  Sheriff  of  Davie  County.  1898- 
1910.  Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1913  Mason.  Methodist. 
Married  Miss  Rena  Kimbrough  in  1889.  One  son.  Address:  Mocks- 
ville,  N.  C. 

JAMES  FRANKLIN  SHINN. 

(Twenty-third  District. — Counties:  Anson,  Davidson,  Stanly,  and 
Union.     Two  Senators.) 

James  Franklin  Shixn,  Democrat,  of  Stanly  County,  Senator 
from  Twenty-third  District,  was  born  in  Cabarrus  County,  N.  C, 
1867.  Son  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Mary  Charlotte  (Smith)  Shinn. 
Was  educated  at  Union  Institute,  1889.  Monroe  High  School,  1890- 
1891.  B.A.  of  Trinity  College,  1893.  Manager  manufacturing  plant. 
Superintendent  Concord  Graded  School,  1893-1897.  Chairman  Stanly 
Board  of  Education  since  1906.  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Knight  of  Pythias; 
Mason.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Annette  Corinne  Harris,  1S98.' 
Four  children.    Address:   Norwood,  N.  C. 


RAY  DEAN  SISK. 

(Thirty-eighth  District. — Counties:   Cherokee,   Clay,  Graham,  and 
Macon.     One  Senator.) 

Ray    Dean    Sisk,    Republican,    of    Macon    County,    Senator    from 
Thirty-eighth  District,  was  born  in  Jackson  County,  N.  C,  May  2, 


422  Biographical  Sketches. 

1S76.  Son  of  R.  F.  and  Laura  (Hooper)  Sisk.  Was  educated  at 
Cullowhee  Normal  School,  1892-1893;  Franklin  High  School,  1894. 
University  of  North  Carolina,  1895-1896.  Studied  law  under  Hon. 
J.  Frank  Ray,  1896-1897.  Lawyer.  Town  Attorney  of  Franklin; 
County  Attorney  for  two  years.  Deputy  Collector,  Internal  Revenue, 
Fifth  District,  1905-1906.  Odd  Fellow;  Knight  of  Pythias;  Jr.  O. 
U.  A.  M.  Episcopalian.  Married  Miss  Emma  Guy,  September,  1897. 
Two  children.     Address:   Franklin,  N.  C. 


HORACE  EDNEY  STACY. 

(Twelfth  District. — County:  Robeson.  One  Senator.) 
Horace  Edney  Stacy,  Democrat,  of  Robeson  County,  Senator  from 
Twelfth  District,  was  born  at  Gibson,  N.  C,  February  4,  1887.  Son 
of  Lucius  E.  and  Rosa  (Johnson)  Stacy.  Was  educated  in  public 
schools.  A.B.  of  University  of  North  Carolina,  1910.  Law  School  of 
North  Carolina,  1911-1913.  Lawyer.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Hal- 
lie  Lytch,  April  28,  1914.     One  child.    Address:   Lumberton,  N.  C. 


HENRY  BUIST  STEVENS. 

(Thirty-sixth  District.- — County:  Buncombe.  One  Senator.) 
Henry  Buist  Stevens,  Democrat,  of  Buncombe  County,  Senator 
from  Thirty-sixth  District,  was  born  in  Buncombe  County,  N.  C, 
May  23,  1869.  Son  of  Samuel  Norman  and  Martha  (Buist)  Stevens. 
Was  educated  at  Asheville  Male  Academy;  Asheville  Military  Acad- 
emy; University  of  North  Carolina  Law  School,  1889-1890;  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia  Law  School,  1893.  Lawyer.  Judge  Criminal  Cir- 
cuit Court,  1S9S-1S99;  Judge  Criminal  Court,  Western  District, 
1899-1901.  Knight  of  Pythias.  Episcopalian.  Married  Miss  Kathe- 
rine  Millard,  June  6,  1894.     One  child.     Address:   Asheville,  N.  C. 


T.  OVID  TEAGUE. 

(Thirty-third  District. — Counties:  Alexander,  Burke,  Caldwell, 
McDowell.     Two  Senators.) 

T.  Ovid  Teague,  of  Alexander  County,  Republican,  Senator  from 
the  Thirty-third  District.     Address:   Taylorsville,  N.  C. 


State  Senators.  423 

DORMAN  THOMPSON. 

(Tioenty-ninth  District. — County:   Iredell.     One  Senator.) 

Dorman  Thompson,  Democrat,  of  Iredell  County,  Senator  from  the 
Twenty-ninth.  District,  was  born  at  Denver,  N.  C,  November  3,  1878. 
Son  of  D.  Matt  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Rice)  Thompson.  Prepared 
for  college  in  the  private  school  of  his  father  at  Lincolnton,  N.  O, 
and  in  graded  schools  of  Statesville,  N.  C.  Ph.B.  of  the  University 
of  North  Carolina,  1901.  Lawyer.  City  Attorney  of  Statesville  since 
1907.  State  Senator,  1913  (special  session),  1915.  Methodist.  Dele- 
gate to  the  General  Conference  of  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South,  at  Oklahoma  City  in  1914,  and  at  Atlanta  in  1918.  Married, 
January  17,  1906,  to  Miss  Luda  Morrison.  Three  children.  Ad- 
dress:   Statesville,  N.  C. 


EDMUND  F.  WAKEFIELD. 

(Thirty-third  District. — Counties:  Alexander,  Burke,  Caldwell,  and 
McDowell.     Two  Senators.) 

Edmond  F.  Wakefiled,  Republican,  of  Caldwell  County,  Senator 
from  Thirty-third  District,  was  born  at  Lenoir,  N.  C,  June  22,  1859. 
Son  of  Robert  R.  and  Rebecca  Louisa  (Ballew)  Wakefield.  Was 
educated  at  Finley  High  School,  1874-1876;  Trinity  College,  1879- 
1881.  Farmer.  High  school  teacher,  1882-1896.  Deputy  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue,  1898  1905.  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion. Caldwell  County,  1884.  State  Senator,  1897.  Mayor  of  Lenoir, 
1910.  Methodist.  Married  (first)  Miss  Sallie  C.  Kent,  1887  (second) 
Miss  Annie  E.  Proffitt,  1913.     Two  children.     Address:   Lenoir,  N.  C. 


LINDSAY  CARTER  WARREN. 

(Second  District. — Counties:  Martin,  Washington,  Tyrrell,  Dare, 
Beaufort,  Hyde,  and  Pamlico.    Two  Senators.) 

Lin ns ay  Carter  Warren,  Democrat,  of  Beaufort  County,  Senator 
from  the  Second  District,  was  born  in  Washington,  N.  C,  December 
16,  1889.  Son  of  Charles  Frederick  and  Elizabeth  Mutter  (Blount) 
Warren.  Received  his  preparatory  education  at  Bingham  School, 
Asheville,  1903-1906.  Attended  University  of  North  Carolina,  1906- 
1908;   Law  School  of  University  of  North  Carolina,  1911-1912.     At- 


424  Biographical  Sketches. 

torney  at  law;  member  of  North  Carolina  Bar  Association.  Alter- 
nate Delegate  to  American  Bar  Association,  1916.  Chairman  Demo- 
cratic Executive  Committee  of  Beaufort  County  since  1912.  County 
Attorney  of  Beaufort  County  since  1912.  State  Senator,  1917.  Mem- 
ber of  Code  Commission,  1917;  Chairman  Legal  Advisory  Board  of 
Beaufort  County  and  Government  Appeal  Agent.  Member  Alpha 
Tau  Omega  Fraternity;  B.  P.  O.  E.  Episcopalian.  Married,  Jan- 
uary, 1916,  to  Miss  Emily  D.  Harris.     Address:     Washington,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  LEA  WILLIAMSON. 

(Eighteenth  District. — Counties:  Caswell,  Alamance,  Orange,  and 
Durham.     Two  Senators.) 

George  Lea  Williamson,  Democrat,  of  Caswell  County,  Senator 
from  Eighteenth  District,  was  born  at  Danville,  Va„  May  26.  1857. 
Son  of  George  and  Marion  Wallace  (Hill)  Williamson.  Was  edu- 
cated at  Yanceyville  private  schools,  1866-1872;  Hughes  Academy 
(Cedar  Grove),  1874-1876;  Horner  and  Graves  school  (Hillsboro), 
1876-1878.  Farmer.  Member  Farmers'  Union.  Presbyterian.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Lucy  Owen,  January  20,  1886.  Address:  Blanch,  N.  C, 
R.  F.  D.  1. 


ROBERT  LEE  WRIGHT. 

(Tiventy-fifth  District. — County:  Rowan.  One  Senator.) 
Robert  Lee  Wright,  Democrat,  of  Rowan  County,  Senator  from 
Twenty-fifth  District,  was  born  in  Wilkes  County,  N.  C,  September, 
16,  1867.  Son  of  J.  L.  and  Mary  M.  (Shoafe)  Wright.  Was  educated 
at  Presbyterian  High  School;  John  Hopkins  University  Lawyer. 
Alderman  of  Salisbury  for  eight  years.  Has  been  Director  of  Wa- 
chovia Banking  and  Trust  Co.,  Peoples  Bank,  and  Rockwell  Bank. 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1901;  State  Senator,  1905; 
Judge  of  County  Court,  1916-1918.  Royal  Arcanum;  Woodmen  of 
the  World;  Odd  Fellow;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Presbyterian.  Married  Miss 
Sallie  B.  Oakes.    Address:    Salisbury,  N.  C. 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


DENNIS  GARFIELD  BRUMMITT. 

SPEAKER  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Dennis  Garfield  Brummitt,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Gran- 
ville County,  was  born  in  Granville  County,  February  7,  1881.  Son 
of  Tbomas  Jefferson  and  Caroline  (Bradford)  Brummitt.  LL.B.  of 
Wake  Forest  College,  1907.  Secretary  of  Granville  County  Demo- 
cratic Executive  Committee,  1908-1910;  Chairman,  1910-1914.  Mem- 
ber State  Democratic  Executive  Committee  since  1913.  Mayor  of 
Oxford.  1909-1913.  Member  of  Board  of  Town  Commissioners,  1913- 
1915.  Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1915  and  1917.  Mason; 
Odd  Fellow;  W.  O.  W.;  M.  W.  A.;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Baptist.  Married, 
June  25,  1912,  to  Miss  Kate  Hays  Fleming.    Address:   Oxford,  N.  C. 


ALEXANDER  LASSITER. 

PRINCIPAL  CLERK. 

Alexander  Lassiter,  Principal  Clerk  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, was  born  August  19,  1874.  Son  of  George  W.  and  Sarah  J. 
(Doughtie)  Lassiter.  Educated  in  public  schools  of  Aulander,  N.  C, 
and  Davis  Military  School,  Winston,  N.  >C,  1890-1891.  Won  orator's 
medal  at  Davis  Military  School  in  1891;  one  of  the  declaimers  at 
International  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Convention.  Studied  law  at  University  of 
North  Carolina.  Admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1895.  Clerk  in  House  of 
Representatives  since  1899.  Mason.  Baptist.  Married  in  1898  to 
Miss  Lizzie  C.  Minton.     Five  children.     Address:   Aulander,  N.  C. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 


CLARENCE  RICHARD  AYCOCK. 

Clarence  Richard  Aycock,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wayne 
County,  was  born  at  Fremont,  N.  C,  January  17,  1884.  Son  of 
Benjamin  F.  and  Sallie    (Farmer)    Aycock.     Was  educated  at  Fre- 


426  Biographical  Sketches. 

mont  High  School;  Goldsboro  Graded  Schools;  North  Carolina  Agri- 
cultural and  Mechanical  College.  Merchant.  Knight  of  Pythias; 
Elk;  Mason.  Married  Miss  Lucy  J.  Earnhardt,  December  25,  1905. 
Three  children.     Address:   Fremont,  N.  C. 


NATHAN  BASS. 

Nathan  Bass,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wilson  County,  was 
born  in  Wilson  County,  N.  C,  in  1851.  Son  of  Elisha  and  Sallie 
Bass.  Was  educated  in  public  schools;  the  Fremont  Academy,  1873. 
Farmer  and  banker.  Public  school  teacher,  1873-1879.  President  of 
Bank  of  Lucama,  since  1916.  Representative  in  the  General  Assem- 
bly, 1889  and  1891.  Member  of  the  County  Board  of  Education, 
1897.  and  1905-1917,  and  Chairman,  1911-1917.  Member  of  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners,  1898-1904.  Married  first,  Miss  Priscilla 
Daniel;  second,  Miss  Nancy  Howell;  third,  Miss  Patsie  Barnes. 
Seven  children.     Address:   Lucama,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  ALBERT  BOWMAN. 

W.  Albert  Bowman,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Guilford 
County,  was  born  at  Liberty,  N.  C.  January  7,  1864.  Son  of  N.  R. 
and  Hannah  (Kime)  Bowman.  Received  his  education  at  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant High  School,  and  Lowe's  Boarding  School.  1886-1888.  Farmer. 
Justice  of  the  Peace  since  1906.  Represented  Guilford  County  in 
Legislature  of  1915  and  1917.  Woodman  of  the  World.  Methodist. 
Married  August  1.  1889,  to  Miss  Martha  Elizabeth  Greason.  Three 
children.    Address:   Liberty.  N.  C. 


D.  L.  BOYD. 


D.  L.  Boyd,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Haywood  County.    Ad- 
dress:  Waynesville,  N.  C. 


JULIUS  BROWN 

Julius  Brown,  Democrat.  Representative  from  Pitt  County,  was 
born  at  Bethel.  N.  C,   November  18,   1879.     Son  of  Fernando  and 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  427 

Ann  M.    (Martin)    Brown.     Was  educated   at  Bethel  High   School; 
Law   School   of  University   of   North   Carolina,   1901-1902.     Lawyer., 
Odd  Fellow;  Mason.     Married  Miss  Estell  Thigpen,  August  13,  1913. 
One  child.     Address:   Greenville,  N.  C. 


THEODORE  D.   BROWN. 

Theodore  D.  Brown,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Rowan 
County,  was  born  near  Salisbury,  N.  O,  January  23,  1881.  He  is  a 
son  of  Adam  M  and  Mary  (Fesperman)  Brown.  Educated  at  Mul- 
berry Academy.  Secretary  Salisbury  Chamber  of  Commerce.  State 
Senator,  1913;  Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1915.  Member 
of  Knights  of  Pythias;  Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.;  Patriotic  Order  of  the  Sons 
of  America  (first  State  President);  Uniformed  rank  P.  0.  S.  of  A.; 
Farmer's  Union.     Address:    Salisbury,  N.  C. 


CHARLES  G.  BRYANT. 

Charles  G.  Bryant,  Republican,  Representative  from  Yadkin 
County,  was  born  in  Yadkin  County,  February  26,  1866.  Son  of 
Stephen  H.  and  Deborah  (Farrington)  Bryant.  Was  educated  at 
Moravian  Falls  Academy,  1888-1889;  Tray  Hill  Institute,  1890-1892; 
M.D.  of  Louisville  Medical  College,  1893-1894;  M.D.  Richmond  Uni- 
versity Medical  College,  1911.  Physician.  Representative  in  General 
Assembly,  1907.  Served  in  the  Spanish-American  War  in  Cuba  and 
in  Philippine  Islands,  1898-1902.  Mason;  Odd  Fellow;  Knight  of 
Pythias.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Maggie  Cowles  Hampton,  April  16, 
1902.     Address:   Yadkinville,  N.  C. 


VICTOR  SILAS  BRYANT. 

Victor  Silas  Bryant,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Durham 
County,  was  born  in  Mecklenburg  County,  N.  C,  December  10,  1867. 
Son  of  Henry  and  Julia  (Parks)  Bryant.  Graduate  of  University 
of  North  Carolina,  1890.  Lawyer.  Trustee  of  city  schools  of  Dur- 
ham. Trustee  of  University  of  North  Carolina  since  1901.  State 
Senator,  1913.  Married  Miss  Matilda  Heartt.  Address:  Durham. 
N.  C. 


428  Biographical  Sketches. 

.MARSHALL  LEARY  BURGESS. 

Marshall  Leaby  Burgess,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Camden 
County,  was  born  at  Old  Trap,  Camden  County,  N.  C,  November  15, 
1859.  Was  educated  at  Tbree  Brancli  School,  1875.  Farmer.  Local 
preacher  for  twenty  years.  Mason;  Odd  Fellow;  Woodman  of  the 
World.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Lydia  Ann  Sanderlin,  May  20, 
1883.     Six  children.     Address:   Old  Trap,  N.  C. 


JOHN  BURNETT. 

John  Burnett,  Republican,  Representative  from  Swain  County, 
was  born  in  Macon  County  (now  Swain),  January  11,  1862.  Son  of 
Henry  Clay  and  Matilda  (DeHart)  Burnett.  Was  educated  in  com- 
mon schools  and  Franklin  Normal  School.  Merchant  and  farmer. 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  from  Swain  County,  1901, 
from  Macon  County,  1907.  Mayor  of  Bryson  City,  1915-1916.  Mem- 
ber County  Board  of  Education  of  Swain  County,  1897-1898.  Odd 
Fellow.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Emma  Dean,  December  29,  1887. 
Three  children.     Address:   Bryson  City,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  MILES  BUTT. 

William  Miles  Butt,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Beaufort 
County,  was  born  at  Bonnerton,  August  26,  1860.  Son  of  Horace 
James  and  Olivia  Ann  (Creekmur)  Butt.  Attended  Richland  Acad- 
emy.1879-1880.  Farmer.  Member  of  Board  of  Education  of  Beau- 
fort County  since  1903.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
1915.  Episcopalian.  Married  Miss  Annie  V.  Robason  in  April,  1890. 
Five  children.     Address:    Bonnerton,  N.   C. 


BENNEHAN  CAMERON. 

Bennehan  Cameron,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Durham 
County,  was  born  September  9,  1854,  at  "Fairntosh,"  Stagville,  then 
Orange,  now  Durham  County.  Son  of  Paul  Carrington  and  Anne 
(Ruffinl  Cameron.  Prepared  for  college  at  Horner  Military  Acad- 
emy. 1868-1871;  Eastman  National  Business  College,  1871;  graduated 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  429 

at  Virginia  Military  Institute,  1875;  Captain  Co.  C.  Admitted  to 
the  Bar  in  1877.  Farmer.  Director  of  the  Morehead  Banking  Com- 
pany. Durham,  N.  C.  Took  an  active  part  in  organizing  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Durham,  and  in  the  building  of  the  Lynchburg 
and  Durham  Railroad,  the  Oxford  and  Clarksville  Railroad,  the 
Durham  and  Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Oxford  and  Dickerson 
branch.  Director  in  the  Raleigh  and  Augusta  Air  Line  Railroad. 
One  of  the  organizers  of  the  Seaboard  Air  Line  Railroad  Company; 
president  of  the  same,  1911-1913.  Director  and  vice-president  of 
the  Rocky  Mount  Mills.  President  of  the  North  Carolina  State 
Agricultural  Society,  1896-1897.  Vice-president  of  the  Southern 
Cotton  Growers  Protective  Association,  1904-1906.  Vice-president  of 
the  Farmers'  National  Congress,  1901-1907;  president,  1907-1909. 
Member  of  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England,  1908-1914.  Cap- 
tain of  Orange  County  Guards,  18751876.  Captain  of  the  staffs  of 
Governors  Vance,  Jarvis,  and  Scales.  Colonel  on  the  staffs  of  Gov- 
ernors Fowle,  Holt,  and  Carr.  Represented  North  Carolina  on  the 
staff  of  General  Phil  Sheridan  at  the  centennial  celebration  of  the 
adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  1887,  and  on  the  staff  of  Gen- 
eral Schofield  at  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  inauguration  of 
President  George  Washington,  1889.  Organizer  and  director  of  the 
Quebec-Miami  International  Highway.  Organizer  and  vice-president 
of  the  Southern  National  Highway.  Director  of  the  American  Auto- 
mobile Association.  President  of  the  Scottish  Society  of  America. 
Assistant  treasurer  of  the  North  Carolina  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 
Vice-president  of  the  North  Carolina  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  the  Cooperation  of  Patriotic  Organizations 
under  the  American  Committee  for  the  Celebration  of  the  Century  of 
Peace  among  English  speaking  Peoples  under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent. 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1915;  State  Senator,  1917. 
Episcopalian.  Married  Miss  Sallie  P.  Mayo.  Two  children.  Ad- 
dress:   Stagville,  N.  C. 


STACY  R.  CHESNUTT. 

Stacy  R.  Chesntjtt,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Duplin 
County,  was  born  in  Duplin  County,  January  10,  1889.  Son  of  C.  D. 
and  Sarah  Susan  (Kornegay)  Chesnutt.  Was  educated  in  public 
schools.     Farmer.     Mason.     Methodist.     Address:   Albertson,  N.  C. 


430  Biographical  Sketches. 

JOHN  MONROE  CLAYTON. 

John  Monroe  Clayton,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Hyde 
County,  was  born  at  Engelhard,  N.  O,  October  18,  1851.  Son  of 
William  P.  and  Susan  Jane  (Henry)  Clayton.  Educated  at  Amity 
Academy,  Lake  Landing,  N.  C.  Farmer,  school  teacher,  telegraph 
operator,  chairman  of  Board  of  Shellfish  Commissioners.  Represen- 
tative in  the  Legislature,  1913,  1915,  1917.  Mason;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M. 
President  of  Farmers'  Union.  President  of  United  Sons  of  Hyde. 
Methodist.  Married  Miss  Mary  R.  Midyette.  Address:  Engelhard, 
N.  C. 


BRAXTON  BRAGG  COLLINS. 

Braxton  Bragg  Collins,  Democrat,  Representative  irom  Jones 
County,  was  born  in  Mayesville,  October  17,  1866.  Son  of  John  and 
Marinda  (Mattocks)  Collins.  Educated  in  the  Pollocksville  High 
School.  1885-1887.  Farmer.  Representative  in  the  General  Assem- 
bly. 1915  and  1917.  Married  to  Miss  Katie  Bell  Gillette,  March,  1894. 
Seven   children.     Address:   Maysville,   N.   C. 


ROBERT  MARTIN  COX. 

Robert  Martin  Cox.  Democrat,  Representative  from  Forsyth 
County,  was  born  in  that  county,  July  9,  1876.  Son  of  Romulus  L. 
and  Susan  E.  (Barrow)  Cox.  Attended  Oak  Ridge  Institute,  1894- 
1895.  Farmer.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1907-1917. 
Methodist.     Address:   Rural  Hall.  N.  C. 


THOMAS  C.  COXE. 

Thomas  C.  Coxe,  Democrat,  Representative  of  Anson  County,  was 
born  at  Lilesville,  N.  C.  July  15,  1875.  Son  of  William  J.  and  Pattie 
(Barringer)  Coxe,  Farmer  and  lumberman.  Representative  in  Gen- 
eral Assembly  from  Anson  County,  1909-1911.  County  Democratic 
Chairman,  1916-1918.  Methodist.  Steward.  Married,  January  2, 
1901,  Miss  Armantine  McAlister.  Four  children.  Address:  Wades- 
boro,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  431 

BURGESS  GAITHER  CRISP. 

Burgess  Gaither  Crisp,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Dare 
County,  was  born  at  Lenoir,  N.  C,  July  9,  1864.  Son  of  James  C. 
and  Jane  Caroline  (Hayes)  Crisp.  Was  educated  at  Lenoir  High 
School.  1878-1879;  Trinity  College,  1879-1883.  Studied  law  at  the 
Law  School  of  Judge  Clinton  A.  Cilley,  at  Lenoir,  1879-1880,  1885. 
Lawyer.  Teacher,  1883-1896.  County  Superintendent  of  Dare  County, 
1902-1905,  1911-1915.  Mayor  of  Manteo,  1909-1910.  1917-1918.  Mason; 
Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Universalist.  Married  Miss  Maggie  Hayes,  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1893.     Three  children.     Address:   Manteo,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  DENVER  DAIL. 

George  Denver  Dail,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Craven 
County,  was  born  in  New  Bern.  October  17,  1872.  Son  of  George 
F.  M.  and  Amy  J.  (Exum)  Dail.  Educated  in  New  Bern  private 
schools  and  New  Bern  Graded  Schools,  and  Sadler's  Bryant  and 
Stratton  Business  College,  Baltimore,  1891-1892.  Farmer  and  real 
estate  dealer.  Member  of  New  Bern  Chamber  of  Commerce.  B.  P. 
O.  E.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1917.  Address: 
New  Bern,  N.  C. 


JOHN  H.  DARDEN. 

John  H.  Darden,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Halifax  County, 
was  born  February  21,  1850,  in  Washington  County.  Son  of  John 
J.  and  Hester  (Everett)  Darden.  Attended  common  schools,  1861- 
1865.  Moved  from  Washington  County  to  Halifax  County  in  1871. 
Justice  of  the  Peace  since  1885.  Member  of  House  of  Representatives 
in  1915-1917.  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  Episcopalian.  Married  Miss  Mollie  E. 
Pittman.    Two  children,  one  living.    Address:   Spring  Hill,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  ALLEN  DARDEN. 

William  Allen  Darden.  Democrat.  Representative  from  Greene 
County,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  N.  C,  December  20,  1856.  Son 
of  William  S.  and  Margaret  (Allen)  Darden.  Was  educated  at  La- 
Grange  Academy,  1876-1877;   Sadler's  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business 


432  Biographical  Sketches. 

College,  Baltimore.  1883.  Farmer.  Member  of  County  Board  of  Edu- 
cation. Trustee  of  A.  &  M.  College  for  Negro  Race  at  Greensboro. 
Methodist.  Married  Miss  Olivia  Carr.  Two  children.  Address: 
Ayden,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  1. 


JOHN  SHAKESPEARE  DAVIS. 

John  Shakespeare  Davis,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Warren 
County,  was  born  in  Warren  County,  N.  C,  August  19,  1871.  Son  of 
James  A.  and  Mary  (Cheek)  Davis.  Was  educated  in  public  schools, 
1880-1890.  Farmer.  Member  County  Board  of  Education,  1915-1917. 
Baptist.  Married  Miss  Mary  Allen  Davis,  February  8.  1893.  Five 
children.    Address:    Creek,  Warren  County.  N.  C. 


JOHN  GILMER  DAWSON. 

John  Gilmer  Dawson,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Lenoir 
County,  was  born  in  Lenoir  County,  April  19,  1882.  Son  of  John 
Henry  and  Annie  (Daly)  Dawson.  Was  educated  at  Kinston  Public 
Schools;  University  of  North  Carolina  Law  School.  Lawyer.  Ma- 
son; Odd  Fellow;  Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.;  Kappa  Sigma  (college  fraternity). 
Married  Miss  Margaret  Regina  Weyher,  November  23,  1911.  One 
child.     Address:    Kinston,  N.  C. 


RUFUS  A.  DOUGHTON. 

Rufus  A.  Doughton,  Democrat.  Representative  from  Alleghany 
County,  was  born  in  that  county.  January  10,  1857.  Son  of  J.  Hor- 
ton  and  Rebecca  (Jones)  Doughton.  Educated  at  Independence 
(Va.)  High  School,  1S76-1877;  University  of  North  Carolina.  Studied 
law  at  University  of  North  Carolina,  1880.  Lawyer,  farmer  and 
banker.  President  of  Bank  of  Sparta.  Representative  in  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly,  1887,  1889.  1891,  1909,  1911,  1913,  1915.  1917.  Lieu- 
tenant Governor,  1893-1897.  Speaker  of  the  House.  1891.  Mason. 
Methodist.  Married,  January  3.  1883,  Miss  Sue  B.  Parks.  Two  chil- 
dren.   Address:    Sparta.  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  433 

JAMES  DIXON  ECKLES. 

James  Dixon  Eckles,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Buncombe 
County,  was  born  at  Petersburg,  Virginia,  August  19,  1874.  Son  of 
Robert  Stith  and  Elizabeth  Bennette  (Tucker)  Eckles.  Was  edu- 
cated in  public  schools  (including  High  School)  of  Petersburg,  Vir- 
ginia, 1881-1890;  Emory  and  Henry  College;  Washington  and  Lee 
University;  B.L.  of  Washington  and  Lee  University,  1902.  Lawyer. 
Practiced  law  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  1902-1907,  and  in  Buncombe 
County,  N.  C,  since  1909.  Mayor  of  Black  Mountain,  1917-1918. 
Methodist.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Catterall  Many,  April  8,  1912. 
Two  children.     Address:   Black  Mountain,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM   NASH  EVERETT. 

William  Nash  Everett,  Democrat,  Representative  of  Richmond 
County,  was  born  in  Rockingham,  December  29,  1864.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam I.  and  Eannie  (LeGrand)  Everett.  Attended  Rockingham  High 
School,  1882;  University  of  North  Carolina,  1886.  Farmer  and  mer- 
chant. Member  of  the  Hardware  Association  of  the  Carolinas;  Presi- 
dent, 1907.  Mayor  of  Rockingham,  1896-1913,  except  one  year  when 
he  was  Chairman  of  Finance  Committee.  Chairman  of  Board  of 
Education  of  Richmond  County,  since  1912.  Chairman  Board  of 
Trustees  Rockingham  Graded  School.  Trustee  of  University  of 
North  Carolina.  Vice-President  Bank  of  Pee  Dee.  President  Rich- 
mond Insurance  &  Realty  Co.  President  Rockingham  Hotel  Com- 
pany. County  Food  Administrator.  State  Senator,  1917.  Methodist. 
Married  Miss  Lena  Payne  in  1888.  Three  children.  Address:  Rock- 
ingham, N.  C. 


JAMES  TURNER  PARISH. 

James  Turner  Farisii,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Forsyth 
County,  was  born  in  Caswell  County,  February  8,  1868.  Son  of 
Thomas  W.  and  Cornelia  T.  (Harris)  Farish.  Attended  high 
schools  at  Jonesboro,  Pittsboro,  Haywood.  Broker.  Director  of  Im- 
perial Tobacco  Company  of  Canada.  1911-1913.  President  of  Granby, 
Quebec,  Board  of  Trade,  1910-1913.  President  of  the  Protective 
Association  of  Canada,  since  its  organization,  1907.  Private  in 
Forsyth  Riflemen,  1887-1890.  Representative  in  the  General  Assem- 
28 


434  Biographical  Sketches. 

bly  of  1917.    Mason.     In  November,  1890,  married  Miss  Lily  Blanche 
Bitting.     Three  children.     Address:   Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 


THOMAS   A.   FARMER. 

Thomas  A.  Farmer,  Republican,  Representative  from  Ashe  County, 
was  born  at  Fig,  Ashe  County.  April  30,  1875.  Son  of  Hilton  A.  and 
Martetia  (Roten)  Farmer.  Was  educated  at  Creston  High  School, 
1892-1893.  Farmer  and  preacher.  Treasurer  of  Ashe  County,  1902- 
1904.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Cyntha  Hampton,  December  23, 
1894.     Two  children.     Address:   Lansing,  N.  C. 


THOMAS  R.  FORREST. 

Thomas  R.  Forrest,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Stanly  County, 
was  born  in  that  county.  Son  of  James  D.  and  Katherine  (Mann) 
Forrest.  Educated  in  the  Albemarle  High  School,  1894-1896.  Farmer 
and  merchant.  Sheriff  of  Stanly  County,  1911-1914.  Representative 
in  the  General  Assembly  in  1917.  Mason;  Royal  Arcanum.  Metho- 
dist. Married,  January,  1899,  to  Miss  Daskie  E.  Pennington.  Five 
children.     Address:   Albemarle,  N.  C. 


RICHARD  TILLMAN  FOUNTAIN. 

Richard  Tillman  Fountain,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Edge- 
combe County,  was  born  in  Edgecombe  County.  Son  of  Almon  L. 
and  Louisa  (Eagles)  Fountain.  Was  educated  in  public  schools  and 
Tarboro  Male  Academy;  University  of  North  Carolina,  1905-1907. 
Lawyer.  Judge  of  Recorders  Court,  Rocky  Mount.  1911-1918.  Trus- 
tee Rocky  Mount  Graded  Schools  since  1917.  Knight  of  Pythias. 
Presbyterian.  Married  Miss  Susie  Rankin,  October  3,  1918.  Ad- 
dress:  Rocky  Mount,  N.  C. 


JAMES  CLEVELAND  GALLOWAY. 

James  Cleveland  Galloway,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Pitt 
County,  was  born  January  9,  1885,  at  Grimesland.  Son  of  John 
Bryant  and  Alice  Lillian    (Rives)    Galloway.     Attended  Winterville 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  435 

High  School,  1899-1903;  University  of  North  Carolina,  1904-1905. 
Farmer.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1915  and  1917. 
Mason;  Red  Man.  Farmers'  Union.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Lena 
Mae  Johnson.     Two  children.     Address:   Grimesland,  N.  C. 


GASTON  ELLIS  GARDNER. 

Gaston  Ellis  Gardner,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Yancey 
County,  was  born  at  Burnsville.  March  22,  1858.  Son  of  William 
and  Nancey  (Anderson)  Gardner.  Attended  Burnsville  Academy, 
1878-1881.  Judge  A.  C.  Avery's  Law  School  at  Morganton,  1897-1898. 
Lawyer.  Solicitor  Criminal  Court  for  Yancey  County,  1899-1900. 
Democratic  Elector,  Ninth  North  Carolina  District,  1908;  Elector  at 
large  for  the  State,  1912;  Assistant  District  Attorney  for  Fourth 
Judicial  Division  of  Alaska,  at  Fairbanks,  1914-1915.  Chairman 
Democratic  County  Executive  Committee,  1896-1912.  Representative 
in  the  General  Assembly  of  1917.  Odd  Fellow;  Knight  of  Pythias. 
Methodist.  Married  Miss  Mollie  C.  Williams  in  1882.  Address: 
Burnsville,  N.  C. 


JEFFERSON  EDWARD  GARRETT. 

Jefferson  Edward  Garrett,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Rock- 
ingham County,  was  born  at  Lenox  Castle,  November  11,  1888.  Son 
of  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Lucy  (Watson)  Garrett.  Was  educated  at 
Bingham  Military  School,  1905-1908.  Farmer.  Knights  of  Pythias; 
Loyal  Order  of  Moose.  Married  Miss  Lucile  Blackwell,  October  11, 
1916.     Address:  Mclver,  N.  C. 


RIDDICK  WAVERLY  GATLING. 

Riddick  Waverly  Gatling,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Gates 
County,  was  born  in  Gates  County,  October  4,  1871.  Son  of  John  J. 
and  Emiley  G.  (Willey)  Gatling.  Was  educated  at  Reynoldson  Male 
Institute;  Horner  Military  School,  1887-1888.  Farmer.  Treasurer 
of  Gates  County,  1898  1914.  Woodman  of  the  World.  Episcopalian. 
Married  Miss  Nancy  D.  Langstun,  who  died  November  12,  1909.  Four 
children.     Address:   Gates,  N.  C. 


436  Biographical  Sketches. 

PLATO  GETTYS. 

Plato  Gettys,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Rutherford  County, 
was  born  at  Hollas,  Rutherford  County,  N.  C,  March  15,  1869.  Son 
of  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  (Chitwood)  Gettys.  Was  educated  at 
Forest  City  High  School,  1883-1886.  Farmer  and  dairyman.  Mem- 
ber of  County  Board  of  Education,  1903-1909.  Baptist.  Married 
Miss  Amanda  Stroud,  January  24,  1894.  Eight  children.  Address: 
Hollis,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  1. 


THOMAS  JACKSON  GOLD. 

Thomas  Jackson  Gold,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Guilford 
County.  Graduate  University  of  North  Carolina,  1903;  University 
Law  School,  1904.  Lawyer.  Judge  Recorder's  Court  of  High  Point. 
1911-1912.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1913.  Presi- 
dential Elector  Fifth  Congressional  District,  1916.  Chairman  High 
Point  Chapter  American  Red  Cross.  President  of  Commercial  Club 
of  High  Point.  Member  of  the  City  Council  of  Defense,  High  Point. 
Chairmen  of  Four  Minute  Men  of  High  Point.  Trustee  University 
of  North  Carolina.    Elk;  Shriner.     Address:   High  Point,  N.  C. 


PAUL  DAVIS  GRADY. 

Paul  Davis  Grady,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Johnston 
County,  was  born  at  Seven  Springs,  Wayne  County.  N.  C.  September 
5,  1890.  Son  of  James  Calhoun  and  Ella  Smith  (Outlaw)  Grady. 
Was  educated  at  Kenly  High  School;  Tennessee  Military  Institute, 
1906-1907;  Oak  Ridge  Institute,  1907-1908;  Washington  and  Lee 
University.  1909-1910;  Wake  Forest,  1910-1911.  Lawyer  and  farmer. 
Attorney  for  town  of  Kenly.  Mayor  of  Kenly,  1918.  Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.; 
Mason.  Presbyterian.  Married  Miss  Lelia  Grace  Swink,  June  10, 
1909.  Three  children.  Was  Chief  Registrar  for  all  military  regis- 
trations. 1918;  member  Johnston  County  Legal  Advisory  Board: 
Chairman  War-Savings  Committee;  Food  Administrator;  Vice-Chair- 
man Red  Cross  Drives;  Chairman  Local  Civilian  Relief  Committee; 
member  United  States  Public  Health  Committee;  Legal  Counsel  for 
soldiers  and  families  of  Beulah  Township;  member  Liberty  Loan 
Committees.     Address:   Kenly,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly  437 

WILLIAM  JAMES  GRAHAM. 

William  James  Graham,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Alamance 
County,  was  born  at  Union  Ridge,  Alamance  County,  N.  C,  June  9, 
1872.  Son  of  Albert  and  Lillie  J.  (Cooper)  Graham.  Was  educated 
in  public  schools;  Elon  College,  1890-1894;  Eastman  Business  Col- 
lege, 1896.  Farmer  and  Real  Estate  Dealer.  President  of  Piedmont 
Trust  Company  since  1914.  Member  Couty  Board  of  Education, 
1901-1905.  County  Commissioner,  1916-1918.  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly,  1905.  Christian.  Married  Miss  Alice  M.  Motley, 
April  2,  1901.    Two  children.    Address:    Burlington,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  2. 


L.  CLAYTON  GRANT. 

L.  Clayton  Grant,  Democrat,  Representative  from  New  Hanover 
County.  Lawyer.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1917. 
Address:  Wilmington,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  KENNETH  GRANTHAM. 

George  Kenneth  Grantham,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Har- 
nett County,  was  born  in  Smithfield,  May  24,  1862.  Son  of  Michael 
K.  and  Caroline  Easter  (Bridgers)  Grantham.  Educated  at  Davis 
and  Turlington  High  School,  1884-1886,  in  Smithfield.  Public  school 
teacher,  1883-1886.  Druggist.  Member  of  the  North  Carolina  Phar- 
maceutical Association,  of  which  he  has  been  President  and  Treas- 
urer. Chairman  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  1908.  Mayor  of 
Dunn.  1913.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1917. 
I.  O.  O.  F.  Methodist.  Editor  of  Central  Times.  1889-1891.  Married, 
February  19,  1893,  to  Miss  Florence  Woodall.  Four  children.  Ad- 
dress:  Dunn,  N.  C. 


HARRY  P.  GRIER. 

Harry  P.  Grier,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Iredell  County, 
was  born  in  Yorkville,  S.  C,  March  20,  1871.  Son  of  William  L.  and 
Mary  (Barron)  Grier.  Received  academic  education  in  Statesville, 
N.  C.  Read  law  under  Major  Harvey  Bingham,  of  Statesville,  and 
was  licensed  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  at  September 


438  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 

Term,  1893.  Lawyer.  Chairman  of  County  Board  of  Elections  from 
the  creation  of  that  office  until  May,  1907,  when  he  was  elected  Mayor 
of  Statesville  for  a  term  of  two  years.  Again  elected  Mayor  of 
Statesville,  May,  1909.  without  opposition.  Representative  in  the 
Legislature,  1913,  1915  and  1917.  Trustee  University  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian.  Married  Miss  Marietta 
Leinster.     Three  children.     Address:    Statesville,  N.  C. 


BAXTER  HENRY  GRIFFIN. 

Baxter  Henry  Griffin,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Union 
County,  was  born  in  Anson  County,  N.  C,  May  27,  1871.  Son  of 
James  Hampton  and  Margaret  (Caudle)  Griffin.  Was  educated 
at  Peachland  Academy,  1892;  Marshville  High  School,  1893-1895. 
Farmer  and  teacher.  Mason;  AVoodman  of  the  World.  Baptist.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Ophelia  Greene,  April  18,  1900.  Four  children.  Address: 
Marshville,  N.  C. 


BENJAMIN  FOSTER  HALSEY. 

Benjamin  Foster  Halsey,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wash- 
ington County,  was  born  at  Tarboro.  N.  C,  May  17,  1S63.  Son  of 
Robert  S.  and  Sarah  E.  (Alexander)  Halsey.  Was  educated  at  Wil- 
liamston  and  Plymouth  High  School;  University  of  Maryland,  Medi- 
cal School,  1885;  Vanderbilt  University,  Medical  School.  1893.  Phy- 
sician. Coroner  of  Washington  County.  Mayor  of  Roper.  Chari- 
table Brotherhood.  Married  Miss  Ida  M.  Chesson,  October  4,  1889. 
Address:   Roper,  N.  C. 


RICHARD  LEE  HERRING. 

Richard  Lee  Herring,  Republican,  Representative  from  Sampson 
County,  was  born  in  Sampson  County.  N.  C,  October  27,  1887.  Son 
of  A.  R.  and  Katherine  Folsom  (Davis)  Herring.  Was  educated  at 
Dell  School  (Delway,  Sampson  County,  N.  C),  1902-1905.  LL.B.  of 
Wake  Forest  College,  1913.  Lawyer.  Knight  of  Pythias.  Baptist. 
Married  Miss  Emma  Grace  Carlton,  December  28,  1916.  One  child. 
Address:   Clinton,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  439 

DEMSEY  L.  HEWETT. 

Demsey  L.  Hewett,  Republican,  Representative  from  Brunswick 
County,  was  born  October  18,  1868,  in  Brunswick  County,  N.  C.  Son 
of  Llewellyn  and  Sarah  Carolina  (Mintz)  Hewett.  Attended  Wake 
Forest  College,  1904.  Preacher.  Representative  in  the  General  As- 
sembly, 1915  and  1917.  Mason;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  W.  0.  W.;  Farmers' 
Union.  Baptist.  Married  to  Miss  Mattie  D.  Mintz.  Eight  children. 
Address:    Shallotte,  N.  C. 


ALFRED  M.  HIATT. 

Alfred  M.  Hiatt,  Republican,  Representative  from  Davidson 
County,  was  born  at  Lexington,  N.  C.  Son  of  Willis  and  Sarah 
(Brinkley)  Hiatt.  Was  educated  at  Bethany  High  School.  Farmer. 
County  Commissioner,  1912-1918.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Sarah 
G.  Spurgeon.  August  27,  1871.  Five  children.  Address:  Thomas- 
ville,  N.  C. 


JEFFERSON  D.  HOCUTT. 

Jefferson  D.  Hocutt,  Democrat.  Representative  from  Pender 
County,  was  born  near  Clayton,  N.  C,  July  30,  1861.  Son  of  Lemuel 
and  Lucy  Olif  (Ligon)  Hocutt.  Minister  and  farmer.  Baptist. 
Married  Miss  Katie  Murray.  Fourteen  children.  Address:  Ash- 
ton.  N.  C. 


JOHN  A.  HODGIN. 

Johm  A.  Hodgin,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Hoke  County, 
was  born  at  Antioch,  N.  C,  April  27,  1867.  Son  of  Henry  H.  and 
Sarah  M.  (McPhaul)  Hodgin.  Was  educated  at  private  schools  at 
Antioch,  1874-1880;  Red  Springs,  1880-1884;  Oakdale  Academy,  1885. 
Merchant  and  farmer.  County  Commissioner  of  Robeson  County, 
1905-1906;  member  Board  of  Education  of  Hoke  County,  1912-1918. 
Mason;  Knight  of  Pythias.  Presbyterians  Married  Miss  Harriet 
C.  Conoly,  September  1,  1892.  Eleven  children.  Address:  Red 
Springs,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  1. 


440  Biographical  Sketches. 

ROLANDO  CLARENCE  HOLTON. 

Rolando  Clarence  Holton,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Pam- 
lico County,  was  born  at  Olympia,  N.  C,  August  15.  1873.  Son  of 
Barzillai  and  Mary  H.  (Tunstall)  Holton.  Was  educated  at  Grants- 
boro  High  School,  1892-94;  Morehead  City  High  School,  1895-96; 
Peabody  Normal  College,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  1898;  graduate  of  Uni- 
versity North  Carolina,  1904.  Attended  Columbia  University,  sum- 
mer term,  1910.  Parmer  and  surveyor.  Principal  of  Pantego  Acad- 
emy, 1898-1900;  Principal  Arapahoe  High  School,  1900-01;  Principal 
Oriental  High  School,  1904-05;  Principal  Atlantic  (State)  High 
School.  1905-08;  Principal  Wakelon  High  School,  Zebulon,  N.  C, 
1908-10;  Superintendent  Newton  Graded  Schools,  1910-13.  Insurance 
agent,  1913-15.  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Mason.  Christian  (Disciples).  Mar- 
ried Miss  Miranda  T.  Spencer,  May  24,  1905.  Three  children.  Ad- 
dress:  New  Bern,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  1. 


BROWNLOW  JACKSON. 

Brownlow  Jackson,  Republican,  Representative  from  Henderson 
County,  was  born  at  Fruitland,  N.  C,  August  14,  1874.  Son  of  James 
and  Jane  Jackson.  Attended  Fruitland  and  Dewitt  schools.  Banker 
and  real  estate  agent.  President  Peoples  National  Bank  of  Hender- 
sonville.  Vice-President  Citizens  National  Bank  of  Hendersonville. 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1917.  Mason;  Odd  Fel- 
low; K.  of  P.;  W.  O.  W.  Baptist.  Married,  November,  1905,  to  Miss 
Gertrude  Williams.     Address:   Hendersonville,  N.  C. 


EDWIN  R.  JOHNSON. 

Edwin  R.  Johnson,  Democrat,  Representative  of  Currituck  County, 
was  born  in  Currituck  County,  N.  C.  Son  of  Silas  P.  and  Carolina 
M.  (Coulter)  Johnson.  Educated  at  Atlantic  Collegiate  Institute 
(Elizabeth  City,  N.  C).  Merchant.  Chairman  Democratic  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  Currituck  County,  1897-1916.  Chairman  Board  of 
County  Commissioners,  1905-190S.  State  Senator,  1909,  1917.  Chair- 
man Currituck  Highway  Commission.  1916.  Address:  Currituck, 
N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  441 

DAVID  MORSE  JONES. 

David  Morse  Jones,  Republican,  Representative  from  Carteret 
County,  was  born  at  Beaufort,  N.  C,  February  27,  1881.  Son  of  John 
B.  and  Hannah  J.  (Delamar)  Jones.  Was  educated  at  Beaufort 
public  and  private  schools,  1888-1899.  Merchant.  Member  City 
Council,  1914-1916.  Odd  Fellow;  Knights  of  Harmony;  Charitable 
Brotherhood.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Ruby  E.  Stevens,  May  3, 
1905.     Two  children.     Address:   Beaufort,  N.  C. 


ARCHIBALD  M.  KELLY. 

Archibald  M.  Kelly,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Bladen 
County,  was  born  at  Bladenboro,  October  21,  1S5S.  Son  of  John  A. 
and  Abigail  (Lennon)  Kelly.  Educated  in  Ashpole  Institute,  Robe- 
son County,  1S86-1888.  Farmer.  Member  of  the  County  Board  of 
Education,  1912-1916.  Taught  in  public  schools  of  Robeson,  Colum- 
bus, and  Bladen  counties  for  fifteen  years.  State  Senator,  1917. 
Baptist.  Married  (first)  to  Miss  Hilbrun;  (second)  Miss  Nye,  in 
1912.     Ten  children.     Address:   Abbottsburg,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.   1. 


JOSEPH  CALVIN  KESLER. 

Joseph  Calvin  Kesler,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Rowan 
County,  was  born  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  March  14,  1869.  Son  of 
Henry  Roland  and  Julia  Elizabeth  (Lentz)  Kesler.  Was  educated 
at  public  schools,  1877-1890;  Albemarle  Academy,  1891-1893;  Illinois 
State  Normal  College,  1895-1897;  Smithdeal's  Business  College. 
Farmer.  County  Treasurer  since  1912.  Alderman  of  Salisbury, 
1907-1909,  1911-1912.  Mayor  pro  tern.,  1907-1909,  1911-1912.  Royal 
Arcanum;  Red  Men;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Order  of  Eagles;  Patriotic 
Order  Sons  of  America;  Sons  and  Daughters  of  Liberty;  Order  of 
Moose.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Mary  Elizabeth  Kesler,  September 
26,  1897.     Three  children.     Address:    Salisbury,  N.  C. 


EDWIN  KISER. 

Edwin  Kiser,  Republican,  Representative  from  Stokes  County,  was 
born  in  that  county,  November  19,  1868.  Son  of  James  M.  and  Re- 
becca (Tuttle)  Kiser.     Attended  Dalton  Institute  in  1887,  L888,  and 


442  Biographical  Sketches. 

1889.  Farmer.  Treasurer  of  Stokes  County,  1897  and  1898.  Taught 
in  free  schools  for  nine  years.  Representative  in  the  General  As- 
sembly in  1917.  Member  of  Church  of  Christ.  Married,  September, 
1893,  to  Miss  Amy  Florence  Butner.  Four  children.  Address: 
King.  N.  C. 

HANNIBAL  McDUFFY  LITTLE. 

Hannibal  McDuffy  Little,  Republican,  Representative  from 
Watauga  County,  was  born  in  Catawba  County,  January  11,  1857. 
Son  of  Joshua  B.  and  Susan  (Smith)  Little.  Was  educated  at  New- 
ton High  School.  1874-1875.  M.D.  of  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore.  Physician  and  farmer.  Practiced  medicine  in 
Alexander  and  Watauga  counties  since  1878.  Practicing  medicine 
and  farming  in  Watauga  County  since  1902.  Married  Miss  Harriet 
Adelaide  Bogle,  March  16,  18S1.  Two  children.  Address:  Boone, 
N.  C. 


LUECO  LLOYD. 

Lveco  Lloyd,  Republican,  Representative  from  Orange  County,  was 
born  at  Chapel  Hill.  Son  of  William  R.  and  Harriett  (Cutes)  Lloyd. 
Farmer.  Member  of  Chapel  Hill  Board  of  Trade.  A.  F.  and  A.  M.; 
Jr.  0.  U.  A.  M.  Farmers'  Union.  Representative  in  the  General 
Assembly,  1917.  Baptist.  Married  in  1883  to  Miss  Ella  Phipps.  Ten 
children.     Address:   Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 


EDGAR  LOVE. 

Edgar  Love,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Lincoln  County,  was 
born  in  Gaston  County,  March  19,  1869.  Son  of  R.  C.  G.  and  Susan 
(Rhyne)  Love.  Educated  at  Kings  Mountain  High  School,  1881- 
1883;  Gastonia  High  School,  1883-1885;  Catawba  College,  1885;  and 
University  of  North  Carolina.  Cotton  manufacturer.  Alderman  of 
Gastonia,  1897;  Alderman  of  Lincolnton,  1903-1905;  Mayor  of  Lin- 
colnton,  1907-1909,  1915-1916.  Chairman  Democratic  Executive  Com- 
mittee, Lincoln  County,  1913.  Member  State  Democratic  Executive 
Committee,  1911.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1917. 
Knights  of  Pythias.  Presbyterian.  Married  Miss  Katie  McLean  in 
1890.     Four  children.     Address:     Lincolnton,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  443 

GEORGE  THOMAS  LYDAY. 

George  Thomas  Lyday,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Transyl- 
vania County,  was  born  near  Brevard,  N.  C,  December  3,  1856.  Son 
of  Andrew  Jackson  and  Elizabeth  Louisa  (Clayton)  Lyday.  Was 
educated  in  common  schools,  1866-1875.  Farmer.  County  Commis- 
sioner of  Transylvania  County  1908-1918.  Chairman  of  Board  for 
four  years.  Chairman  of  County  Board  of  Education  for  two  years. 
Baptist.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Arthur  Surrette,  February  15, 
1880.     Six  children.     Address:   Brevard,  N.  C.  R.  2. 


RUFUS  SIDNEY  McCOIN. 

Rufvs  Sidney  MoCoin,  Democrat,  Representative  of  Vance  County, 
was  born  in  Forsyth  County,  June  29,  1872.  Son  of  George  N.  and 
Elizabeth  (Newsom)  McCoin.  Attended  Pinnacle  Academy;  Salem 
Boys'  School;  Guilford  College;  Dick  and  Dillard  Law  School;  lawyer 
and  business  man.  Charter  member  of  North  Carolina  Bar  Associa- 
tion. President  Gold  Leaf  Publishing  Company,  Henderson  Furni- 
ture Company;  Vice-President  Mixon  Jewelry  Company;  Secretary- 
Treasurer  Henderson  Loan  and  Real  Estate  Company;  Chairman 
Vance  County  Democratic  Executive  Committee,  1900-1906;  Director 
Eastern  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Goldsboro,  1903-1908;  Presi- 
dential Elector,  1908;  Director  Central  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane 
at  Raleigh,  1909-1910;  City  Alderman  and  Mayor  pro  tern,  of  Hen- 
derson, 1911-1912;  State  Senator,  1917.  Presbyterian.  Mason;  K.  of 
P.  Married,  June  14,  1900,  Miss  Emma  M.  Freeborn.  Address: 
Henderson,  N.  C. 


THOMAS  CLINGMAN  McDONALD. 

Thomas  Clingman  McDonald,  Republican,  Representative  from 
Cherokee  County,  was  born  at  Murphy,  N.  C,  July  29,  1856.  Son  of 
Jonathan  and  Harriet  (Smith)  McDonald.  Was  educated  at  com- 
mon schools  and  private  high  schools;  North  Georgia  Agricultural 
College,  1876-1880.  Merchant  and  farmer.  Teacher,  1S77-1889. 
Register  of  Deeds  of  Cherokee  County,  1889-1907.  County  Commis- 
sioner, 1913-1916.  Auditor  of  Cherokee  County,  1916-1918.  Repre- 
sentative in  General  Assembly,  1909.  Knights  of  Pythias.  Baptist. 
Married  Miss  Louisa  White.    Ten  children.    Address:   Murphy,  N.  C. 


444  Biographical  Sketches. 


SAMUEL  OSCAR  MAGUIRE. 


Samuel  Oscar  Magurie,  Republican,  Representative  from  Surry 
County,  was  born  at  Madison,  Dorchester  County,  Maryland.  Son 
of  Edward  Oscar  and  Julia  Prances  (Williams)  Maguire.  Attended 
country  school  from  1889-1897;  Shaftsbury  College  of  Expression. 
Traveling  salesman.  Mason.  Married  Miss  Rebecca  Emeline  Bracy, 
August  20,  1910.     Four  children.     Address:   Elkin,  N.  C. 


JOHN  HENRY  McMULLAN,  Jr. 

John  Hexry  McMullan,  Jr.,  Democrat,  Representative  from 
Chowan  County,  was  born  at  Hertford,  N.  C,  August  13,  1882.  Son 
of  John  Henry  and  Lina  (Tucker)  McMullan.  Was  educated  at 
Edenton  Academy,  1891-1899;  University  of  North  Carolina;  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina  Law  School,  1906.  Automobile  business. 
Mayor  of  Edenton.  1907.  Town  Attorney,  1910-1912.  Chairman 
County  Democratic  Executive  Committee,  1909-1915.  Councilman 
and  Mayor  pro  tern.,  Edenton,  1916-1918.  D.  K.  E.  Episcopalian. 
Address:   Edenton,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  McNEILL. 

George  McNeill,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Cumberland 
County,  was  born  at  Fayetteville,  N.  C,  April  3,  1882.  Son  of  James 
D.  and  Elizabeth  (Strange)  McNeill.  Was  educated  at  Fayetteville 
Graded  Schools,  1892-1897;  Fayetteville  Military  Academy,  1898-1899. 
Miller.  Manager  of  the  McNeill  Milling  Company  since  1903.  Mem- 
ber of  North  Carolina  National  Guard,  1901-1905.  Colonel  on  Gov- 
ernor Craig's  Staff,  1912-1917.  Elk;  Woodman;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Epis- 
copalian. Married  Miss  Mary  MacPherson,  October  17,  1906.  Five 
children.     Address:    Fayetteville,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  H.  MACON. 

Whliam  H.  Macon,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Franklin 
County,  was  born  at  Ingleside,  Franklin  County,  June  1,  1862.  Son 
of  Sebastian  and  Sallie  (Thomas)  Macon.  Was  educated  at  Louis- 
burg  Academy.     Merchant.     Commissioner  and  Treasurer  of  Louis- 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  445 

burg,  1892-1900.  Mayor  of  Louisburg,  1900-1908.  Chairman  Demo- 
cratic County  Executive  Committee,  1896.  Mason.  Methodist.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Lizzie  Jones.    Five  children.    Address:   Louisburg,  N.  C. 


JOHN  HILARY  MATTHEWS. 

John  Hilary  Matthews,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Bertie 
County,  was  born  in  Hertford  County,  November  2,  1873.  Son  of 
George  M.  and  Lavenia  C.  (Taylor)  Matthews.  Attended  Littleton 
Male  Academy,  1S91-1892;  Scotland  Neck  Military  Academy,  1892- 
1893;  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  College,  Baltimore,  1894;  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina  Law  School,  1904.  Lawyer.  Member 
North  Carolina  Bar  Association.  Trustee  Chowan  College  and  Chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  Chairman  County  Council  of  De- 
fense, 1917-18;  County  Food  Administrator,  1917-18;  Government 
Appeal  Agent  and  Chairman  of  County  War  Savings  Stamp  Com- 
mittee, 1917-18.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1917.  Bap- 
tist. Married  February  20,  1895,  to  Miss  Minnie  Watford.  Five 
children.    Address:   Windsor,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  ROBERT  MATTHEWS. 

William  Robert  Matthews,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Meck- 
lenburg County,  was  born  in  Rockingham  County,  November  30, 
1857.  Son  of  J.  T.  and  Ruth  F.  (Price)  Matthews.  Attended  Oak 
Ridge  Institute,  1878-1879.  Real  estate  dealer.  Mayor  of  Madison, 
1880.  Alderman  and  School  Commissioner  in  Charlotte,  1911-1912, 
1915-1916.  W.  O.  W.;  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Representative  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  1917.  Married  Miss  Sallie  E.  Melton,  May  23,  1888. 
Eight  children.     Address:   Charlotte,  N.  C. 


ALBERT  FRANKLIN  MAY. 

Albert  Franklin  May,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Nash 
County,  was  born  near  Spring  Hope,  Nash  County,  N.  C.  Son  of 
Theophilus  C.  and  Bettie  (Edwards)  May.  Was  educated  at  Spring 
Hope.      Merchant    and    banker.      County    Commissioner,    1909-1913. 


446  Biographical  Sketches. 

Mason;  Knight  of  Pythias;  Modern  Woodmen  of  America.  Married 
Miss  Naomi  Gertrude  Griffin,  June  23,  1897.  Two  children.  Address: 
Spring  Hope,  N.  C. 


FREDERICK  RANDOLPH  MINTZ. 

Frederick  Randolph  Mintz,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wayne 
County,  was  born  at  Southport,  N.  C,  May  11,  1883.  Son  of  J.  W. 
and  Emma  (Grissom)  Mintz.  Attended  the  public  schools  of  Bruns- 
wick County,  Southport  High  School,  and  private  schools.  Editor 
Mount  Olive  Tribune.  President  Mount  Olive  Merchants'  Associa- 
tion; member  Mount  Olive  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Representative 
in  General  Assembly,  1913  and  1915.  Knights  of  Pythias.  Metho- 
dist. Married  Miss  Carrie  McGee.  One  son.  Address:  Mount 
Olive,  N.  C. 


RICHARD  McLEAN  MOORE. 

Richard  McLean  Moore,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Nash 
County,  was  born  near  Whitakers,  August  1,  1867.  Son  of  Moses  and 
Esther  (Peele)  Moore.  Attended  Horner  Military  School,  1885; 
Davis  Military  School,  1886-1887.  Farmer.  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly  of  1915.  Episcopalian.  Married,  November  22, 
1893,  to  Miss  Pattie  Braswell.  Six  children.  Address:  Whitakers, 
N.  C. 


EDGAR  W.  MOOSE. 

Edgar  W.  Moose,  Republican,  Representative  from  Alexander 
County,  was  born  in  Alexander  County,  N.  C,  June  11,  1866.  Son  of 
David  W.  and  Sophia  (Kivett)  Moose.  Was  educated  at  Taylors- 
ville  Collegiate  Institute,  1886.  University  of  Tennessee,  1896-1899. 
Dentist.  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M. ;  Woodman  of  the  World.  Baptist.  Married 
Miss  Cordelia  C.  White,  October  17,  1902.  Seven  children.  Address: 
Taylorsville.  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  FOWLER  MORGAN. 

William  Fowler  Morgan,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Perqui- 
mans  County,   was  born  in   that   county,  August   9,   1885.     Son   of 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  447 

Thomas  C.  and  Addie  (Speight)  Morgan.  Farmer.  Member  of 
North  Carolina  National  Guard,  1909-1912;  enlisted  as  private  dis- 
charged as  first  quartermaster.  Member  of  Farmers'  Educational 
and  Cooperative  Union  of  America.  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  member  of 
State  Council,  1914,  1917.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
1917.  Baptist.  Married,  October,  1907,  to  Miss  Neva  Clyde  Osborne. 
Five  children.     Address:   Winfall,  N.  C. 


O.  M.  MULL. 


O.  M.  Mull,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Cleveland  County,  was 
born  in  Cleveland  County.  Son  of  H.  E.  and  Margaret  A.  Mull.  Was 
educated  at  Piedmont  High  School  and  Belwood  Institute.  B.A.  of 
Wake  Forest  College,  1899-1903.  LL.B.  of  Wake  Forest  Law  School, 
1903.  Lawyer.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1907.  Chair- 
man Democratic  Executive  Committee  for  Cleveland  County.  Bap- 
tist. Married  Miss  Montrose  Pallen  McBryar,  1907.  One  child. 
Address:    Shelby,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  WEAVER  NEAL. 

William  Weaver  Neal,  Democrat,  Representative  from  McDowell 
County,  was  born  at  Marion,  N.  C,  February  15,  1874.  Son  of  Joseph 
Grayson  and  Rowena  (Weaver)  Neal.  Hosiery  Manufacturer.  Clerk, 
War  Department,  Washington,  1894-1900.  Claim  agent,  Louisville 
and  Nashville  Railroad  to  1908.  Traveling  passenger  agent.  Northern 
Pacific  Railway.  Division  Deputy  Internal  Revenue  to  1917.  Metho- 
dist. Married  Miss  Addie  Malone,  November  10,  1898.  Three  chil- 
dren.   Address:   Marion,  N.  C. 


ROBERT  B.  NICHOLS. 

Robert  B.  Nichols,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wake  County, 
was  born  in  Durham  County.  Son  of  D.  B.  and  Rebecca  (Suitt) 
Nichols.  Was  educated  at  Leesville  High  School,  1902-1904.  Mer- 
chant. Mason;  Woodmen  of  the  World.  Baptist.  Married  Miss 
Effie  Lee  Sorrell,  1904.     Two  children.     Address:   Zebulon,  N.  C. 


448  Biographical  Sketches. 

JAMES  SHEPARD  OLIVER. 

James  Siiepard  Oliver,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Robeson 
County,  was  born  in  Marietta,  N.  C,  August  6,  1855.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam G.  and  Sybil  (Page)  Oliver.  Attended  Olivet  School  near 
Marietta,  1864-1874;  Trinity  College,  1876-1878.  Farmer  and  mer- 
chant. County  Commissioner  of  Robeson  County,  1889-1890;  Repre- 
sentative in  the  General  Assembly,  1891,  1893,  1899,  1901,  1917;  mem- 
ber Robeson  County  Council  of  Defense,  1918.  Methodist.  Married 
Miss  Annie  McDuffie,  April  19,  1882.  Seven  children.  Address: 
Marietta,  N.  C. 


JOHN  CAMPBELL  PASS. 

Joirx  Campbell  Pass,  Republican,  Representative  from  Person 
County,  was  born  in  that  county,  June  1,  1852.  Son  of  James  M. 
and  Harriet  (Chambers)  Pass.  Parmer.  Clerk  Superior  Court, 
1882-1890.  Treasurer  of  County,  1894-1898.  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly,  1917.  Married  Miss  Ella  Winstead.  Address: 
Roxboro,  N.  C. 


JAMES  PENLAND. 

James  Penland,  Republican,  Representative  from  Clay  County,  was 
born  at  Shooting  Creek,  N.  C,  April  11,  1888.  Son  of  Charles  Newton 
and  Margaret  (McClure)  Penland.  Was  educated  at  the  State  School 
for  the  Blind,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  1901-190S.  Dealer  in  musical  instru- 
ments. General  Manager  Clay  County  Telephone  Company.  Dealer 
in  general  merchandise  from  1908-1912.  Traveling  representative 
for  a  publishing  house  in  Philadelphia  from  1912-1913.  Piano  and 
organ  salesman  from  1913-1915.  Treasurer  of  Clay  County,  1912- 
1914.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Iola  Phillips,  July  30,  1908.  Three 
children.     Sight  lost  by  accident  in  1900.    Address:   Hayesville,  N.  C. 


EDGAR   WALKER   PHARR. 

Edgar  Walker  Pharr,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Mecklen- 
burg County,  was  born  near  Charlotte.  March  4,  1889.  Son  of  Walter 
S.  and  Jennie  E.    (Walker)    Pharr.     Attended   rural  public   schools 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  449 

until  1905;  Charlotte  University  School,  1905-1906;  A.B.  Erskine  Col- 
lege, Due  West,  S.  C,  1909.  Studied  law  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina.  Lawyer.  Member  of  Charlotte  Bar  Association.  W.  O.  W.; 
Knights  of  Pythias;  Mason.  Chairman,  War  Savings  Committee  for 
Mecklenburg  County,  1918.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
1917.  Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian.  Married  in  1914  to  Alta 
Ruth  Knox.     One  child.     Address:   Charlotte,  N.  C. 


ROBERT  T.   POOLE. 

Robert  T.  Poole,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Montgomery 
County,  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  N.  C,  September  30,  1872. 
Son  of  J.  C.  and  Elizabeth  (Bruton)  Poole.  Educated  at  Ramseur, 
N.  C,  1891-1892;  Trinity  College.  A.B.,  1898;  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1899.  Lawyer.  Chairman  Board  of  Education  of  Mont- 
gomery County,  1906;  Superintendent  of  Education  of  Montgomery 
County,  1901-1902,  1907-1908.  Mayor  of  Troy,  N.  C,  1915-18.  County 
Attorney  of  Montgomery  County.  Representative  in  General  As- 
sembly from  Montgomery  County,  1909.  K.  of  P.;  Mason;  W.  O.  W.; 
Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Methodist.  Married,  May  20,  1908,  Miss  Bessie 
Pulliam.     Address:    Troy,  N.  C. 


WALTER  HOGUE  POWELL. 

Walter  Hogue  Powell,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Columbus 
County,  was  born  at  Whiteville,  N.  C,  September  9,  1887.  Son  of 
Robert  Henry  and  Nott  (McKinnon)  Powell.  Was  educated  at 
Whiteville  High  School;  Horner's  Military  School,  1907;  University 
of  North  Carolina,  1907-1911.  Lawyer.  Vice-President  of  the  Bank 
of  Columbus.  Mason;  Kappa  Alpha.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Toccoa 
Caine,  October  20,  1915.     One  child.    Address:   Whiteville,  N.  C. 


JAMES  HENRY  PHILO  PRITCHARD. 

James  Henry  Philo  Pritciiard,  Republican,  Representative  from 
Avery  County,  was  born  in  Caldwell  County,  September  3,  1860.    Son 
of  John   and   Sarah    (Pierce)    Pritchard.     Educated   at  Bakersville, 
29 


450  Biographical  Sketches. 

1878-79;  and  Milligan  College.  Farmer  and  lumber  manufacturer. 
Register  of  Deeds  for  Avery  County,  1913-1914.  Odd  Fellow;  Jr.  O. 
U.  A.  M.  Free  Will  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Julia  Oakes,  July  18, 
1885.     Fifteen  children.     Address:   Heaton,  N.  C. 


JAMES  A.  PROPST. 

James  A.  Propst,  Republican,  Representative  from  Catawba 
County,  was  born  at  Newton,  N.  C,  March  29,  1859.  Son  of  George 
and  Amanda  (Punch)  Propst.  Attended  country  schools,  1867-1877. 
Farmer.  Director  Citizens  Bank  of  Conover.  Director  Farmers' 
Union  Warehouse  Company  of  Newton.  Business  agent  for  farmers 
of  Catawba  County.  Farmers'  Union.  Reformed  Church.  Married 
Miss  Mary  L.  Simmons,  January  11,  1883.  Three  children.  Address: 
Hickory,  N.  C. 


ARCHIBALD  CORNELIUS   RAY. 

Archibald  Cornelius  Ray,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Chat- 
ham County,  was  born  at  Jackson  Springs,  N.  C,  in  January,  1868. 
Son  of  John  and  Nancy  (Brown)  Ray.  Graduate  of  Wake  Forest 
Law  School,  1912.  Lawyer.  Representative  in  the  General  As- 
sembly, 1917.  Presbyterian.  Married  in  1899  to  Miss  Ida  Cooper 
Cole.     Seven  children.     Address:   Pittsboro,  N.  C. 


J.  FRANK  RAY. 

J.  Frank  Ray,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Macon  County,  was 
born  in  Maeon  County,  N.  C,  in  1S56.  Son  of  John  and  Nancy  (Sum- 
ner) Ray.  Educated  in  free  schools  of  the  county  and  at  Franklin 
Academy.  Lawyer.  Representative  in  General  Assembly,  1SS1,  1883, 
1891,  1893,  1896,  1897,  1899,  1911,  1913,  and  in  1917.  In  the  session 
of  1S95  he  was  nominated  for  Speaker  by  the  Democratic  minority 
of  the  House  and  was  defeated  by  the  Fusionists  by  a  very  small 
vote.  State  Senator,  1897.  Trustee  of  North  Carolina  A.  and  M. 
College  many  years.  Baptist  in  principle.  Married,  in  1S89,  Miss 
Josephine  Fouts.     Five  children.     Address:   Franklin,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  451 

ROBERT  BURWELL  REDWINE. 

Robert  Burwell  Redwine,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Union 
County,  was  born  July  12,  1860.  Son  of  T.  W.  and  Mary  Ann  (Clark) 
Redwine.  Was  educated  at  Bingham  Military  School,  1887-1889; 
University  of  North  Carolina,  1889-1891;  B.L.  of  Law  School,  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina,  1891.  Lawyer,  farmer,  and  banker.  Rep- 
resentative in  the  General  Assembly,  1905;  State  Senator,  1907. 
Methodist.  Married  Miss  Sallie  Wall  McAlister,  April  17,  1895. 
Eight  children.     Address:   Monroe,  N.  C. 


THOMAS  JEFFERSON  RENFROW. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Renfrow,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Meck- 
lenburg County,  was  born  in  Davidson  County  in  1849.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Catharine  (Greer)  Renfrow.  Educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Davidson  and  Guilford  counties.  Merchant  and  farmer. 
Chairman  Board  of  Trustees  Matthews  State  High  School.  Director 
of  the  Bank  of  Matthews.  Member  of  State  Prison  Board,  1909-1913. 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1917.  Baptist.  Married 
in  1870  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Kirkman.  Eight  children.  Address:  Mat- 
thews, N.  C. 


JESSE  L.  ROBERTS. 

Jesse  L.  Roberts,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Rockingham 
County,  was  born  in  Wentworth,  May  25,  1888.  Son  of  Tony  J.  and 
Mary  (Williams)  Roberts.  Attended  Sharp  Institute,  1906-1907; 
Reidsville  Seminary,  1908-1910;  University  of  North  Carolina,  1911- 
1914.  Lawyer.  Representative  in  the  Gerueral  Assembly,  1915,  1917. 
Address:   Madison,  N.  C. 


W.  P.  ROSE. 


W.   P.    Rose,    Republican,    Representative    from    Graham    County 
Address:   Tapoca,  N.  C. 


452  Biographical  Sketches. 

WILLIAM  OSCAR  SAUNDERS. 

William  Oscae  Saunders,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Pasquo- 
tank County,  was  born  in  Perquimans  County,  May  24,  1884.  Son 
of  John  R.  and  Mary  Ella  (Byrd)  Saunders.  Was  educated  at  pub- 
lic schools.  Editor.  Has  had  newspaper  experience  in  Norfolk; 
New  York,  and  New  Orleans.  Established  The  Independent  at  Eliza- 
beth City,  June  9,  1908.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Columbia  Bal- 
lance,  March  2,  1905.    Four  children.    Address:   Elizabeth  City,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  HAMILTON  SAWYER. 

William  Hamilton  Sawyer,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wake 
County,  was  born  at  Raleigh.  N.  C,  January  8,  1887.  Son  of  Mann- 
lieff  Dixon  and  Henrietta  Elizabeth  (Walker)  Sawyer.  Was  edu- 
cated at  Raleigh  Public  Schools,  1895-1903.  Lawyer.  Financial 
secretary  of  Robert  G.  Lassiter  &  Co.,  1917;  Record  Clerk,  Selective 
Service  Bureau,  1918;  Register  of  Deeds  of  Wake  County,  1904-1912; 
City  Clerk  of  Raleigh,  1913-1917.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Ida  Mar- 
garet Cates,  June  29,  1910.     Three  children.    Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


GILBERT  BETHEA  SELLERS. 

Gilbert  Bktiika  Sellers,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Robe- 
son County,  was  born  near  Maxton,  June  4,  1864.  Son  of  William 
A.  and  Julia  (Bethea)  Sellers.  Educated  in  Maxton  public  schools, 
1878-1884;  Oak  Ridge  Institute,  1887.  Farmer  and  miller.  Mem- 
ber Farm  Loan  Association.  President  of  Bank  of  Robeson.  Chair- 
man Drainage  Commission  since  organization  in  1911.  Town  Com- 
missioner of  Maxton  for  several  terms.  Chairman  Water  Company 
of  Maxton,  1915-1916.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
1915,  1917.  Captain,  Maxton  Co..  State  Guards,  1898-1899.  Major 
3d  Battalion,  N.  C.  N.  G.,  1899-1903.  K.  of  P.  Presbyterian.  Mar- 
ried in  December,  1895,  to  Miss  Flora  McKay.  One  child.  Address: 
Maxton,  N.  C. 

ALEXANDER  EDWIN  SHAW. 

Alexander  Edwin  Shaw.  Democrat,  Representative  from  Scotland 
County,  was  born  in  that  county.  July  16,  1862.     Son  of  Daniel  and 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  453 

Mary  Eliza  (Purcell)  Shaw.  Educated  at  Spring  Hill  Academy. 
Farmer.  Justice  of  the  Peace  since  1886.  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly,  1917.  Presbyterian.  Married  first  to  Miss  Helen 
Russell,  1886;  second  to  Miss  Addie  Elizabeth  Rone,  1912.  Three 
children.     Address:   Laurinburg,  N.  C. 


SYLVESTER  BROWN  SHEPHERD. 

Sylvester  Brown  Shepherd,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Wake 
County,  was  born  at  Washington,  N.  C,  August  6,  1876.  Son  of 
James  E.  and  Elizabeth  B.  (Brown)  Shepherd.  Was  educated  at 
Bronson's  School,  Warrenton,  1889;  Bingham  Military  School,  Ashe- 
ville,  1890;  Raleigh  Male  Academy,  1890-1892;  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1893-1897;  University  of  North  Carolina,  Law  School,  1897- 
1898.  Lawyer.  Acted  in  1899  as  Attorney-General  by  appointment 
of  Governor  during  absence  of  Attorney-General  Gilmer.  Trustee 
St.  Augustine  School  at  Raleigh;  Trustee  of  Olivia  Raney  Library 
of  Raleigh.  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon;  Order  of  Gimghoul.  Episco- 
palian. Married  Miss  Lilla  May  Vass,  October  11,  1900.  Four  chil- 
dren.    Address:   Raleigh,  N.  C. 


JOHN  F.  SMITHDEAL. 

John  F.  Smithdeal,  Republican,  Representative  from  Davie 
County,  was  born  at  Advance,  N.  C,  December  31,.  1877.  Son  of 
Henry  and  Fanny  L.  Smithdeal.  Attended  Advance  Public  School 
up  to  1894.  Real  estate  dealer  and  farmer.  Methodist.  Married 
Miss  Lula  Smith,  December  5,  1897.  Six  children.  Address:  Ad- 
vance, N.  C. 


JAMES   EDMUND   SPENCE. 

James  Edmund  Spence,  Republican,  Representative  from  Ran- 
dolph County,  was  born  near  Raleigh,  January  17,  1866.  Was  edu- 
cated at  Liberty  Academy  and  Wake  Forest  College.  Farmer  and 
merchant.  Private  secretary  to  Congressman  W.  F.  Strowd,  1894- 
1896.     Address:  Coles  Store,  N.  C. 


454  Biographical  Sketches. 


MARCUS  GREEN  STEELMAN. 


Marcus  Green  Steelman,  Republican,  Representative  from  Wilkes 
County,  was  born  at  Adley,  N.  C,  April  17,  1886.  Son  of  H.  J.  and 
Nancy  (Pardue)  Steelman.  Was  educated  at  Moravian  Falls  Acad- 
emy, 1906;  North  Wilkesboro  Graded  School,  1907.  Farmer.  Teacher, 
1907-191S.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Delia  Johnson,  December  29, 
1915.    Two  children.     Address:   Adley,  N.  C. 


JOSEPH  BURTON  STEPHENSON. 

Joseph  Burton  Stephenson,  Democrat,  Representative  from 
Northampton  County,  was  born  in  Northampton  County,  December 
24,  1861.  Son  of  E.  J.  A.  and  Mary  E.  (White)  Stephenson.  Was 
educated  at  Buckhorn  Academy,  1874-1875;  Murfreesboro  Academy, 
1875-1876.  Farmer.  President  of  Bank  of  Severn,  1917-1918.  Mem- 
ber County  Board  of  Education,  1905-1911,  and  1916-1918.  Repre- 
sentative in  General  Assembly,  1913.  Mason;  Woodmen  of  the 
World.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Fannie  Hoggard,  December  16, 
1884;  Miss  Nannie  Clement,  February  9,  1905.  Five  children.  Ad- 
dress:   Severn,  N.  C. 

MATTHEW  AUGUSTUS  STROUP. 

Matthew  Augustus  Stroup,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Gas- 
ton County,  was  born  near  Cherryville,  N.  C,  August  27,  1890.  Son 
of  E.  D.  and  A.' J.  (Hicks)  Stroup.  Was  educated  at  Boiling  Springs 
High  School,  1908-1911.  B.L.  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1915.  City  Attorney,  Cherryville,  1916-1917.  Knights  of  Pythias; 
Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Vera  Mae  Howell,  January 
16,  1917.     One  child.    Address:   Cherryville,  N.  C. 


HARRY  W.  STUBBS. 

Harry  W.  Stubbs,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Martin  County, 
was  born  in  Williamston,  N.  C,  February  16,  1860.  Received  his 
education  at  Wilson  Academy,  Horner  Military  School,  and  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina.  Lawyer.  State  Senator  in  18S9,  1905,  1907, 
1913,  1915;  Representative  from  Martin  County  in  1899,  1901,  1903, 
1909,  1911,  1917.     Address:   Williamston,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  455 

EDWARD  WHITE  SUMMERSILL. 

Edward  White  Summersill,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Ons- 
low County,  was  born  in  Onslow  County,  N.  C,  November  3,  1878. 
Son  of  R.  N.  and  Caroline  (White)  Summersill.  Was  educated  at 
Oak  Ridge  Institute,  1S96-1898.  Dealer  in  mules  and  horses.  Treas- 
urer of  Onslow  County,  1903-1907.  Sheriff,  1908-1912.  Married  Miss 
Estelle  Mills,  June  19,  1902.  Two  children.  Address:  Jackson- 
ville, N.  C. 


E.  GARLAND  SUTTLEMYRE. 

E.  Garland  Suttlemyre,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Caldwell 
County,  was  born  in  July,  1878.  Son  of  Philip  and  Frances  (Deal) 
Suttlemyre.  Preparatory  education  was  received  at  Granite  Falls 
High  School.  A.B.  of  Lenoir  College,  1898.  Farmer.  Principal  of 
Wi'lkesboro  High  School,  1904-1910.  County  Commissioner  of  Cald- 
well County,  1914-1916.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of 
1917.  Member  of  Farmers'  Union.  Lutheran.  Married  Miss  Julia 
Miller,  1910.     Address:   Granite  Falls,  N.  C. 


HENRY  SEATON  SWAIN. 

Henry  Seaton  Swain,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Tyrrell 
County,  was  born  in  Tyrrell  County,  N.  C.  Son  of  Charlie  William 
and  Indiana  (Bateman)  Swain.  Was  educated  at  Columbia  High 
School,  1906-1908;  Creswell  Academy,  1909.  Farmer.  Register  of 
Deeds  for  Tyrrell  County,  1912-1913;  member  County  Board  of  Edu- 
cation since  1916.  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.;  Charitable  Brotherhood.  Free 
Will  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Delia  Alexander,  December  28,  1902. 
Two  children.     Address:  Columbia,  N.  C. 


WILLIAM  F.  SWANN. 

William  F.  Swann,  Republican,  Representative  from  Polk  County, 
was  born  at  Riceville,  Buncombe  County,  June  13,  1869.  Son  of 
David  H.  and  Mary  E.  (Clark)  Swann.  Attended  Riceville  Academy, 
1877-1890.  Liveryman.  Member  of  Tryon  Forestry  Association; 
Tryon  Board  of  Trade.     General  Superintendent  of  Tryon  Hosiery 


456  Biographical  Sketches. 

Company,  1899-1913.  Alderman  of  town  of  Lynn  two  terms;  member 
of  County  Republican  Executive  Committee  for  several  years.  Rep- 
resentative in  the  General  Assembly,  1917.  K.  of  P.;  I.  O.  O.  F.;  Jr. 
O.  U.  A.  M.  Presbyterian.  Married,  April,  1891,  to  Miss  Helena  E. 
Westall.     Three  children.     Address:   Lynn,  N.  C. 


FRANCIS  M.  TAYLOR. 

Francis  M.  Taylor,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Halifax 
County,  was  born  in  that  county.  Son  of  John  R.  and  Martha 
(Marks)  Taylor.  Attended  private  and  public  schools  of  Halifax 
County,  18S4-189'5.  Farmer,  .merchant,  and  real  estate  dealer.  Direc- 
tor of  Bank  of  Enfield.  Director  of  Halifax  County  Tobacco  Ware- 
house Company.  Justice  of  the  Peace,  since  1S99.  Member  of  School 
Committee  for  last  ten  years.  Tax  Collector,  1906-1907.  A.  F.  and 
A.  M.;  M.  W.  0.  A.  Member  of  General  Assembly  of  1917.  Methodist. 
Married  Miss  Mattie  E.  Moore,  January,  1902.  Six  children.  Ad- 
dress:   Brinkleyville,  N.  C. 


DORSEY  BATTLE  TEAGUE. 

Dorsey  Battle  Teagce,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Lee  County, 
was  born  in  Randolph  County,  N.  C,  October  1,  1881.  Son  of  Samuel 
E.  and  Sarah  E.  (Mofntt)  Teague.  Was  educated  at  Buie's  Creek 
Academy,  1903-1906.  A.B.  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina;  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina  Law  School,  1912-1913.  Lawyer.  County 
Food  Administrator  of  Lee  County,  1918;  Chairman  Lee  County 
Chapter,  American  Red  Cross,  1918;  Trustee  of  Sanford  Graded 
School;  President,  Sanford  Commercial  Club,  1915-1916.  Jr.  O.  U. 
A.  M.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Beatrice  MacNeill,  December  28,  1915. 
One  child.     Address:    Sanford,  N.  C. 


JOHN  EDWARD  TUCKER. 

John  Edward  Tuckek,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Caswell 
County,  was  born  in  Charlotte  County,  Virginia,  July  1,  1862.  Son 
of  John  Archibald  and  Mary    (Tatum)  Tucker.     Farmer.     Jr.  O.  U. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  457 

A.  M.;  Odd  Fellow.  Baptist.  Married,  December  27,  1899,  Miss 
Dorabelle  Graves,  who  died  November  17,  1918.  One  child.  Address: 
Yanceyville,  N.  C. 


SAMUEL  J.  TURNER. 

Samuel  J.  Turner,  Republican,  of  Mitchell  County,  was  born  in 
McDowell  County,  N.  C,  January  13,  1852.  Son  of  Richard  and 
Nancy  S.  (England)  Turner.  Educated  in  common  schools;  Acad- 
emy at  Marion  (N.  C. ),  and  the  University  of  North  Carolina;  Law 
School  of  University  of  North  Carolina,  B.L.  1882.  Lawyer.  Mayor 
of  Bakersville.  Chairman  Board  of  Education  of  Mitchell  County. 
Representative  in  the  General  Assembly,  1887,  1895,  1909.  Mason. 
Baptist.  Married,  in  1887,  Miss  Martha  A.  Stewart.  One  child. 
Address:   Bakersville,  N.  C. 


GEORGE   WILLIAM   WILLCOX. 

George  William  Willcox,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Moore 
County,  was  born  at  Carbonton,  N.  C,  April  15,  1882.  Son  of  George 
and  Isabella  (Palmer)  Willcox.  Was  educated  at  Carbonton  Schools, 
1889-1895.  Asheville  Graded  School,  1895-1898.  Graduate  of  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina,  1903.  Farmer.  Was  in  lumber  business 
at  Timmonsville,  S.  C.  1906.  Member  of  Council  of  Defense  of 
Moore  County.  Mason.  Presbyterian.  Married  Miss  Lula  A.  McLeod, 
December  9,  1909.     Three  children.     Address:   Carbonton,  N.  C. 


GEORGE  W.  WILD. 

George  W.  Wild,  Republican,  Representative  from  Madison  County, 
was  born  in  Madison  County,  December  22,  1862.  Son  of  Jacob  R. 
and  Mary  (Tillery)  Wild.  Farmer  and  merchant.  Postmaster  of 
Big  Pine  for  fifteen  years.  Highway  and  Road  Commissioner  for 
four  years.  Mason.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Laura  C.  Ratcliff,  Oc- 
tober 4,  1883.     Ten  children.    Address:   Big  Pine,  Madison  Co.,  N.  C. 


458  Biographical  Sketches. 

SAMUEL  AUSTELL  WILKINS. 

Samuel  Austell  Welkins,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Gaston 
County,  was  born  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  February  2,  1877.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam T.  and  Mary  (Hemphill)  Wilkins.  Was  educated  at  Rutherford 
Military  Institute,  1894-1895.  M.D.  of  Kentucky  University,  1902. 
Physician.  Private  2d  North  Carolina  Regiment,  Spanish-American 
War,  1898.  Mason;  Red  Men.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Mabel  Gray 
Craig,  June  26,  1907.     Two  children.     Address:   Dallas,  N.  C. 


HIETTE   SINCLAIR  WILLIAMS. 

Hiette  Sinclair  Williams,  of  Cabarrus  County,  was  born  at  East 
Bend,  Yadkin  County,  N.  C,  March  3,  1872.  Son  of  J.  Franklin  and 
Sarah  L.  (Patterson)  Williams.  Received  preparatory  education 
at  Union  High  School,  at  East  Bend,  N.  C,  1891-1892;  B.S.  of  Guil- 
ford College,  1895.  Wake  Forest  Law  School,  1899.  Lawyer.  Rep- 
resentative in  the  General  Assembly  from  Yadkin  County,  1899;  from 
Cabarrus  County,  1909,  1913.  and  1915.  Attorney  for  Board  of  Com- 
missioners of  Cabarrus  County,  1909-1910  and  1913-1914.  Member 
Society  of  Friends,  called  "Quakers."  Married  Miss  Ethel  Reavis. 
Three  children;  two  living.     Address:    Concord,  N.  C. 


J.  R.  WILLIAMS. 

J.  R.  Williams,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Johnston  County. 
Address:   Clayton,  N.  C. 


JOHN  NELSON  WILSON. 

John  Nelson  Wilson,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Jackson 
County,  was  born  at  Cullowhee,  N.  C,  January  2,  1873.  Son  of 
William  and  Margaret  A.  (Mashburn)  Wilson.  Was  educated  in 
public  schools  prior  to  1S90;  Cullowhee  High  School.  1891-1895; 
University  of  North  Carolina.  Teacher.  County  Superintendent  of 
schools,  1901-1903,  1916-1918;  Teacher  Cullowhee  Normal  and  Indus- 
trial School.  1903-1916.  Mason;  Knight  of  Pythias;  Odd  Fellow. 
Baptist.  Married  Miss  Eddie  W.  Richards,  June  30,  1906.  Two  chil- 
dren.    Address:    Cullowhee,  N.  C. 


Representatives  in  General  Assembly.  459 

JOSEPH  EDWARD  WILSON. 

Joseph  Edward  Wilson,  Republican,  Representative  from  Burke 
County,  was  born  in  Rutberford  County,  N.  C,  1869.  Son  of  Athen 
and  Mary  C.  (Edwards)  Wilson.  A.B.  of  Rutherford  College,  1898. 
Merchant  and  farmer.    Baptist.    Address:   Rutherford  College,  N.  C. 


STANLEY  WINBORNE. 

Stanley  Winborne,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Hertford 
County,  was  born  August  25,  1886,  at  Murfresboro.  Son  of  Benjamin 
B.  and  Nellie  (Vaughan)  Winborne.  Ph.B.,  University  of  North 
Carolina,  1907.  Studied  law  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina, 
1907-1908.  Lawyer.  Vice-president  of  the  Citizens  Bank  of  Murfrees- 
boro  since  1911.  Member  North  Carolina  Bar  Association.  Mayor 
of  Murfreesboro,  1909-1910.  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  County  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  1912.  County  Attorney  since  1909.  Commis- 
sioner of  the  town  of  Murfreesboro  since  1910.  Representative  in  the 
General  Assembly,  1915-1917.  Pi  Kappa  Alpha  (college)  Fraternity; 
Mason.  Methodist.  Married  Miss  Frances  Sharpe  Jernigan.  Three 
children.     Address:  Murfreesboro,  N.  C. 


CLEM  G.  WRIGHT. 

Clem  G.  Wright,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Guilford  County. 
Capitalist.  Was  educated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  class 
of  1886.  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1917.  Trustee 
of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  since  1917.  Address:  Greens- 
boro, N.  C. 


LUKE  HERMAN  YOUNG. 

Luke  Herman  Young,  Democrat,  Representative  from  Buncombe 
County,  was  born  in  Madison  County,  N.  C,  December  23,  1891.  Son 
of  Joshua  and  Jane  (Anderson)  Young.  Was  educated  at  Mars  Hill 
Academy,  1907-1908;  Fruitland  Institute,  1912-1913.  Farmer.  Jr.  O. 
U.  A.  M.;  Odd  Fellow.  Baptist.  Married  Miss  Cora  Lee  Miller. 
March  15,  1913.     Address:   Asheville,  N.  C,  R.  F.  D.  4. 


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